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# (275809) 2001 QY297
(275809) 2001 QY297 is a trans-Neptunian object from the classical Kuiper belt, located in the outermost region of the Solar System. The binary classical Kuiper belt object belongs to the cold population.
## Discovery and orbit
2001 QY297 was discovered on 21 August 2001 by Marc William Buie from Cerro Tololo Observatory, La Serena, Chile. 2001 QY297 belongs to the dynamically cold population of the classical Kuiper belt objects, which have small orbital eccentricities and inclinations. Their semi-major axes reside mainly in the interval 40–45 AU.
## Satellite
2001 QY297 is a binary system consisting of two components of approximately equal size. The satellite was discovered on 18 April 2006. Assuming that both components have the same albedo, the primary is estimated to be about 169 km in diameter. The size of the secondary (satellite) in this case is estimated at around 154 km. The total mass of the system is approximately 4×1018 kg. The average density of both components is about 1 g/cm3.
| Semi-major axis (km) | Eccentricity | Period (d) | Inclination (°) |
| 9960 ± 31 | 0.4175 ± 0.0023 | 138.110 ± 0.023 | 172.86 ± 0.20 |
## Physical properties
The surfaces of both components of 2001 QY297 appear to have a red color. The object shows significant photometric variability with lightcurve amplitude of 0.49±0.03. The rotational period is either 5.84 or 11.68 hours.
|
enwiki/49700149
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enwiki
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(275809) 2001 QY297
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(275809)_2001_QY297
|
2024-01-14T19:56:02Z
|
en
|
Q15040208
| 95,201 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|(275809) 2001 QY|297}}}}
{{Infobox planet
| background=#C2E0FF
| name={{mp|(275809) 2001 QY|297}}
| image=(275809) 2001 QY297 hst.jpg
| image_scale=
| caption=[[Hubble Space Telescope]] image of {{mp|2001 QY|297}} and its satellite, taken in 2006
| discovery_ref =<ref name="jpldata" />
| discoverer=[[Marc Buie]]
| discovery_site =
| discovered=21 August 2001
| mpc_name=(275809) 2001 QY297
| alt_names=2001 QY297
| mp_category=[[Trans-Neptunian object|TNO]]<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[cubewano]]<ref name="MPEC 2006-G54"/><ref name="Buie"/><br />[[Cold classical|cold]]
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch=13 January 2013 ([[Julian day|JD]] {{val|2454100.5}})
| semimajor= {{val|43.697|u=AU}}
| perihelion= {{val|40.013|u=AU}}
| aphelion={{val|47.380|ul=AU}}
| eccentricity=0.084
| period={{val|288.86|u=[[Julian year (astronomy)|a]]}}
| inclination=1.548°
| asc_node=108.776°
| arg_peri=123.591°
| mean_anomaly=84.415°
| satellites = 1 {{small|([[Diameter|D]]: {{val|154|15|73|u=km}}}}<ref name=Johnston /><ref name="TNOsCool-10" />
| mean_diameter ={{val|229|22|108|u=km}} {{small|(effective)}}<br />{{val|169|16|80|u=km}} {{small|(primary)}}
| mass={{val|4.105|0.038|e=18|u=kg}}<ref name="TNOsCool-10" />
| density={{val|0.92|1.30|0.27|u=g/cm3}}<ref name="TNOsCool-10" /><ref name="equal" group=lower-alpha>Assuming that both components have equal albedos and equal densities</ref>
| rotation= {{val|11.68|ul=h}}<ref name= Thirouin2014/>
| albedo={{val|0.152|0.439|0.035}}<ref name="TNOsCool-10" />
| spectral_type= [[Distant object color indices|V−R]] {{=}} {{val|0.43|0.09}}<br />[[Distant object color indices|B−V]] {{=}} 0.7<ref name=Johnston />
| magnitude =
| abs_magnitude = {{val|5.86|0.31}}<ref name="TNOsCool-6" />
}}
'''{{mp|(275809) 2001 QY|297}}''' is a [[trans-Neptunian object]] from the classical [[Kuiper belt]], located in the outermost region of the [[Solar System]]. The binary [[classical Kuiper belt object]] belongs to the [[Cold classical|cold population]].<ref name="TNOsCool-10"/>
==Discovery and orbit==
{{mp|2001 QY|297}} was discovered on 21 August 2001 by [[Marc William Buie]] from [[Cerro Tololo Observatory]], La Serena, Chile.<ref name=Johnston/><ref name="MPEC 2006-G54"/> {{mp|2001 QY|297}} belongs to the dynamically cold population of the classical [[Kuiper belt]] objects, which have small orbital eccentricities and inclinations. Their semi-major axes reside mainly in the interval 40–45 AU.<ref name="TNOsCool-10"/>
==Satellite==
{{mp|2001 QY|297}} is a binary system consisting of two components of approximately equal size.<ref name="TNOsCool-10"/> The satellite was discovered on 18 April 2006.<ref name=Johnston/> Assuming that both components have the same albedo, the primary is estimated to be about 169 km in diameter. The size of the secondary (satellite) in this case is estimated at around 154 km. The total mass of the system is approximately 4{{e|18}} kg. The average density of both components is about 1 g/cm<sup>3</sup>.<ref name="TNOsCool-10"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 0.9em;"
|+ Orbital parameters of the {{mp|(275809) 2001 QY|297}} system<ref name="Grundy2011"/>
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| Semi-major axis (km)
| Eccentricity
| Period (d)
| Inclination (°)
|-
| 9960 ± 31
| 0.4175 ± 0.0023
| 138.110 ± 0.023
| 172.86 ± 0.20
|}
==Physical properties==
The surfaces of both components of {{mp|2001 QY|297}} appear to have a red color.<ref name="TNOsCool-6"/> The object shows significant photometric variability with lightcurve amplitude of {{val|0.49|0.03}}. The rotational period is either 5.84 or 11.68 hours.<ref name= Thirouin2014/>
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="TNOsCool-10">
{{cite journal
|title="TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region X. Analysis of classical Kuiper belt objects from Herschel and Spitzer observations
|author=Vilenius, E.
|author2=Kiss, C.
|author3=Mommert, M.
|year=2014
|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics
|pages=A35
|volume=564
|doi= 10.1051/0004-6361/201322416
|arxiv=1403.6309
|display-authors=etal
|bibcode = 2014A&A...564A..35V |s2cid=118513049
}}</ref>
<ref name="MPEC 2006-G54">{{cite web
|title = MPEC G54: DISTANT MINOR PLANETS (2006 Apr. 25.0 TT) [27421-2007/05-R1]
|date = 2006-04-14
|publisher = [[IAU Minor Planet Center]]
|url = http://www.brera.mi.astro.it/pipermail/mpec/2006-April/001970.html
|accessdate = 2016-02-24
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115026/http://www.brera.mi.astro.it/pipermail/mpec/2006-April/001970.html#
|archive-date = 2016-03-04
|url-status = dead}}</ref>
<ref name="jpldata">{{Cite web
|type=2013-10-13 last obs
|title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 275809 (2001 QY297)
|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=275809
|accessdate=2016-03-09}}</ref>
<ref name="TNOsCool-6">
{{cite journal
|title= "TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region VI. Herschel>/PACS observations and thermal modeling of 19 classical Kuiper belt objects
|author=Vilenius, E.
|author2=Kiss, C.
|author3=Mommert, M.
|year=2014
|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics
|pages=A94
|volume=541
|doi= 10.1051/0004-6361/201118743
|arxiv=1204.0697
|display-authors=etal
|bibcode = 2012A&A...541A..94V |s2cid=54222700
}}</ref>
<ref name=Grundy2011>{{Cite journal | last1 = Grundy | first1 = W. M. | last2 = Noll | first2 = K. S. | last3 = Nimmo | first3 = F. | last4 = Roe | first4 = H. G. | last5 = Buie | first5 = M. W. | last6 = Porter | first6 = S. B. | last7 = Benecchi | first7 = S. D. | last8 = Stephens | first8 = D. C. | last9 = Levison | first9 = H. F. | doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.012 | last10 = Stansberry | first10 = J. A. | title = Five new and three improved mutual orbits of transneptunian binaries | journal = Icarus | volume = 213 | issue = 2 | pages = 678 | date = 2011 | url = http://es.ucsc.edu/~fnimmo/website/Grundy_KBO.pdf|bibcode = 2011Icar..213..678G |arxiv = 1103.2751 | s2cid = 9571163 }}</ref>
<ref name=Johnston>{{cite web
|date=23 June 2015
|title=(275809) 2001 QY297
|publisher=Johnston's Archive
|author=Wm. Robert Johnston
|url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-275809.html
|accessdate=2016-03-09}}</ref>
<ref name= Thirouin2014>{{Cite journal|title= Rotational properties of the binary and non-binary populations in the trans-Neptunian belt|author= A. Thirouin|author2=K.S. Noll
|author3= J.L. Ortiz|author4=N. Morales|year=2014|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|bibcode = 2014DPS....4642109T |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201423567|volume=569|pages= A3|arxiv=1407.1214|s2cid= 119244456}}</ref>
<ref name="Buie">{{cite web
|author=Marc W. Buie
|author-link=Marc W. Buie
|title=Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 275809
|publisher=SwRI (Space Science Department)
|url=http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/kbo/astrom/275809.html
|accessdate=2018-02-18}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* {{AstDys|275809}}
* {{JPL small body|id=275809}}
{{Minor planets navigator | |number=275809 |PageName={{mp|(275809) 2001 QY|297}} | }}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Trans-Neptunian objects}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:2001 QY297}}
[[Category:Cold classical Kuiper belt objects|275809]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Marc Buie]]
[[Category:Binary trans-Neptunian objects|275809]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2001|20010821]]
| 1,195,658,973 |
[{"title": "Discovery", "data": {"Discovered by": "Marc Buie", "Discovery date": "21 August 2001"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"Designation": "(275809) 2001 QY297", "Alternative names": "2001 QY297", "Minor planet category": "TNO \u00b7 cubewano \u00b7 cold"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Orbital characteristics": "Epoch 13 January 2013 (JD 2454100.5)", "Aphelion": "47.380 AU", "Perihelion": "40.013 AU", "Semi-major axis": "43.697 AU", "Eccentricity": "0.084", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "288.86 a", "Mean anomaly": "84.415\u00b0", "Inclination": "1.548\u00b0", "Longitude of ascending node": "108.776\u00b0", "Argument of perihelion": "123.591\u00b0", "Known satellites": "1 (D: 154+15 \u00b7 \u221273 km"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Mean diameter": "229+22 \u00b7 \u2212108 km (effective) \u00b7 169+16 \u00b7 \u221280 km (primary)", "Mass": "(4.105\u00b10.038)\u00d71018 kg", "Mean density": "0.92+1.30 \u00b7 \u22120.27 g/cm3", "Synodic rotation period": "11.68 h", "Albedo": "0.152+0.439 \u00b7 \u22120.035", "Spectral type": "V\u2212R = 0.43\u00b10.09 \u00b7 B\u2212V = 0.7", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "5.86\u00b10.31"}}]
| false |
# 11th Connecticut Infantry Regiment
The 11th Connecticut Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
## Service
The 11th Connecticut Infantry Regiment was organized at Hartford, Connecticut, beginning October 24, 1861, and mustered in for a three-year enlistment on November 14, 1861.
The regiment was attached to Williams' Brigade, Burnside's Expeditionary Corps, to April 1862. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, Department of North Carolina, to July 1862. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, IX Corps, Army of the Potomac, to April 1863. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, VII Corps, Department of Virginia, to July 1863. 2nd Brigade, Getty's Division, Portsmouth, Virginia, Department of Virginia and North Carolina, to October 1863. Yorktown, Virginia, Department of Virginia and North Carolina, to April 1864. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XVIII Corps, Department of Virginia and North Carolina, to October 1864. Provisional Division, Army of the James, to December 1864. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, XXIV Corps, Department of Virginia, to July 1865. 1st Independent Brigade, XXIV Corps to August 1865. Department of Virginia to December 1865.
The 11th Connecticut Infantry mustered out of service December 21, 1865.
## Detailed service
Left Connecticut for Annapolis, Maryland, December 16, and duty there until January 6, 1862. Burnside's expedition to Hatteras Inlet and Roanoke Island, North Carolina, January 7–February 8, 1862. Battle of Roanoke Island February 8. At Roanoke Island until March 11. Moved to New Bern March 11–13. Battle of New Bern March 14. Duty at Newberne until July. Moved to Morehead City July 2, then to Newport News, Virginia, July 3–5. Duty there until August 1. Moved to Fredericksburg August 1–6, and duty there until August 31. Moved to Brooks' Station, then to Washington, D.C., August 31–September 3. Maryland Campaign September–October. Battle of South Mountain September 14. Battle of Antietam September 16–17. Duty at Pleasant Valley, Maryland, until October 27. Movement to Falmouth, Virginia, October 27 – November 19. Battle of Fredericksburg, December 12–15. Burnside's 2nd Campaign, "Mud March," January 20–24, 1863. Moved to Newport News, Virginia, February 6–9, then to Suffolk March 13. Siege of Suffolk April 12 – May 4. Edenton Road April 24. Providence Church Road and Nansemond River May 3. Siege of Suffolk raised May 4. Reconnaissance to the Chickahominy June 9–16. Dix's Peninsula Campaign June 24 – July 7. Expedition from White House to South Anna River July 1–7. Moved to Portsmouth, Virginia, and duty there until October. Moved to Gloucester Point October 1 and duty there until April 1864. Butler's operations on south side of the James River and against Petersburg and Richmond May 4–28. Occupation of Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 5. Port Walthal Junction, Chester Station, May 7. Swift Creek or Arrowfield Church May 9–10. Operations against Fort Darling May 12–16. Battle of Drewry's Bluff May 12–16. On Bermuda Hundred front May 17–27. Moved to White House, then to Cold Harbor May 27–31. Battles about Cold Harbor June 1–12. Before Petersburg June 15–18. Siege operations against Petersburg and Richmond June 16, 1864, to April 2, 1865. Mine explosion Petersburg July 30, 1864 (reserve). On Bermuda Hundred front August 25 to December, and on north side of the James River before Richmond until April 1865. Occupation of Richmond April 3. Duty at Richmond and Lynchburg, Virginia, until December.
## Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 325 men during service; 8 officers and 140 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 176 enlisted men died of disease.
## Commanders
- Colonel Henry Walter Kingsbury - mortally wounded in action at the Battle of Antietam
- Colonel Griffin Alexander Stedman - mortally wounded in action at Petersburg, August 5, 1864
- Major John Ward - commanded the regiment at the Battle of Antietam after Col Kingsbury was wounded
- Major Charles Warren - commanded during the Appomattox Campaign
## Notable members
- Lieutenant George Whitefield Davis, regimental quartermaster - 4th Military Governor of Puerto Rico, 1899–1900 and 1st Military Governor of Panama Canal Zone, 1904–1905
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11th Connecticut Infantry Regiment
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_Connecticut_Infantry_Regiment
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Q16824078
| 29,923 |
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 11th Connecticut Infantry Regiment
| image =
| dates = October 24, 1861 - December 21, 1865
| country = [[United States]]
| allegiance = [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
| branch = [[United States Army]]
| type = [[Infantry]]
| equipment = <!-- Culture and history -->
| battles = [[Battle of Roanoke Island]]<br />[[Battle of New Bern (1862)|Battle of New Bern]]<br />[[Battle of South Mountain]]<br />[[Battle of Antietam]]<br />[[Battle of Fredericksburg]]<br />[[Battle of Drewry's Bluff]]<br />[[Battle of Cold Harbor]]<br />[[Siege of Petersburg]]<br />[[Appomattox Campaign]]
| commander1 = Henry Walter Kingsbury
| commander1_label = [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]]
| commander2 = Charles Mathewson
| commander2_label = [[Lieutenant Colonel (United States)|Lieutenant Colonel]]
| commander3 = [[Griffin Alexander Stedman]]
| commander3_label = [[Major (United States)|Major]]
}}{{Military unit sidebar
| title = Connecticut U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865
| previous =[[10th Connecticut Infantry Regiment]]
| next =[[12th Connecticut Infantry Regiment]]
}}
The '''11th Connecticut Infantry Regiment''' was an [[infantry]] [[regiment]] that served in the [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War]].
==Service==
The 11th Connecticut Infantry Regiment was organized at [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Connecticut]], beginning October 24, 1861, and mustered in for a three-year enlistment on November 14, 1861.
The regiment was attached to Williams' Brigade, Burnside's Expeditionary Corps, to April 1862. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, [[Department of North Carolina#Department of North Carolina|Department of North Carolina]], to July 1862. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, [[IX Corps (Union Army)|IX Corps]], [[Army of the Potomac]], to April 1863. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, [[VII Corps (Union Army)|VII Corps]], [[Department of Virginia#Department of Virginia|Department of Virginia]], to July 1863. 2nd Brigade, Getty's Division, Portsmouth, Virginia, [[Department of Virginia and North Carolina]], to October 1863. Yorktown, Virginia, Department of Virginia and North Carolina, to April 1864. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, [[XVIII Corps (Union Army)|XVIII Corps]], Department of Virginia and North Carolina, to October 1864. Provisional Division, [[Army of the James]], to December 1864. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, [[XXIV Corps (Union Army)|XXIV Corps]], Department of Virginia, to July 1865. 1st Independent Brigade, XXIV Corps to August 1865. Department of Virginia to December 1865.
The 11th Connecticut Infantry mustered out of service December 21, 1865.
==Detailed service==
Left Connecticut for [[Annapolis, Maryland]], December 16, and duty there until January 6, 1862. Burnside's expedition to Hatteras Inlet and Roanoke Island, North Carolina, January 7–February 8, 1862. Battle of Roanoke Island February 8. At Roanoke Island until March 11. Moved to New Bern March 11–13. [[Battle of New Bern (1862)|Battle of New Bern]] March 14. Duty at Newberne until July. Moved to Morehead City July 2, then to [[Newport News, Virginia]], July 3–5. Duty there until August 1. Moved to Fredericksburg August 1–6, and duty there until August 31. Moved to Brooks' Station, then to Washington, D.C., August 31–September 3. Maryland Campaign September–October. Battle of South Mountain September 14. Battle of Antietam September 16–17. Duty at Pleasant Valley, Maryland, until October 27. Movement to Falmouth, Virginia, October 27 – November 19. Battle of Fredericksburg, December 12–15. Burnside's 2nd Campaign, "Mud March," January 20–24, 1863. Moved to Newport News, Virginia, February 6–9, then to Suffolk March 13. Siege of Suffolk April 12 – May 4. Edenton Road April 24. Providence Church Road and Nansemond River May 3. Siege of Suffolk raised May 4. Reconnaissance to the Chickahominy June 9–16. Dix's Peninsula Campaign June 24 – July 7. Expedition from White House to South Anna River July 1–7. Moved to Portsmouth, Virginia, and duty there until October. Moved to Gloucester Point October 1 and duty there until April 1864. Butler's operations on south side of the James River and against Petersburg and Richmond May 4–28. Occupation of Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 5. Port Walthal Junction, Chester Station, May 7. Swift Creek or Arrowfield Church May 9–10. Operations against Fort Darling May 12–16. Battle of Drewry's Bluff May 12–16. On Bermuda Hundred front May 17–27. Moved to White House, then to Cold Harbor May 27–31. Battles about Cold Harbor June 1–12. Before Petersburg June 15–18. Siege operations against Petersburg and Richmond June 16, 1864, to April 2, 1865. Mine explosion Petersburg July 30, 1864 (reserve). On Bermuda Hundred front August 25 to December, and on north side of the James River before Richmond until April 1865. Occupation of Richmond April 3. Duty at Richmond and Lynchburg, Virginia, until December.
==Casualties==
The regiment lost a total of 325 men during service; 8 officers and 140 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 1 officer and 176 enlisted men died of disease.
==Commanders==
* Colonel Henry Walter Kingsbury - mortally wounded in action at the Battle of Antietam
* Colonel [[Griffin Alexander Stedman]] - mortally wounded in action at Petersburg, August 5, 1864
* [[Major (United States)|Major]] John Ward - commanded the regiment at the Battle of Antietam after Col Kingsbury was wounded
* Major Charles Warren - commanded during the Appomattox Campaign
==Notable members==
* Lieutenant [[George Whitefield Davis]], regimental quartermaster - 4th [[List of Governors of Puerto Rico|Military Governor of Puerto Rico]], 1899–1900 and 1st [[List of Governors of the Panama Canal Zone|Military Governor of Panama Canal Zone]], 1904–1905
==See also==
{{portal|American Civil War|Connecticut}}
* [[Connecticut in the American Civil War]]
* [[List of Connecticut Civil War units]]
==References==
* Dyer, Frederick H. ''A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion'' (Des Moines, IA: Dyer Pub. Co.), 1908.
* Schildt, John W. ''Connecticut at Antietam'' (Hagerstown, MD: Tri-State Printing), 1988 {{LCCN|89195270}}, {{OCLC|17778439}}<!--{{ISBN|0-09-367760-6}} Invalid ISBN. A valid one is not readily available.-->.
* Yates, Walter J. ''Souvenir of Excursion to Antietam and Dedication of Monuments of the 8th, 11th, 14th and 16th Regiments of Connecticut Volunteers'' (S.l.: s.n.), 1894.
;Attribution
* {{CWR}}
==External links==
* [http://www.antietam.stonesentinels.com/CT/CT11.php 11th Connecticut Infantry monument at Antietam]
* [http://www.11thcvi.org/ Company A, 11th Connecticut Infantry living history organization]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1861]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1865]]
[[Category:Units and formations of the Union army from Connecticut|11th Connecticut Infantry Regiment]]
[[Category:Military in Connecticut]]
| 1,272,101,495 |
[{"title": "11th Connecticut Infantry Regiment", "data": {"Active": "October 24, 1861 - December 21, 1865", "Country": "United States", "Allegiance": "Union", "Branch": "United States Army", "Type": "Infantry", "Engagements": "Battle of Roanoke Island \u00b7 Battle of New Bern \u00b7 Battle of South Mountain \u00b7 Battle of Antietam \u00b7 Battle of Fredericksburg \u00b7 Battle of Drewry's Bluff \u00b7 Battle of Cold Harbor \u00b7 Siege of Petersburg \u00b7 Appomattox Campaign"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Colonel": "Henry Walter Kingsbury", "Lieutenant Colonel": "Charles Mathewson", "Major": "Griffin Alexander Stedman"}}, {"title": "", "data": {"Previous": "Next", "10th Connecticut Infantry Regiment": "12th Connecticut Infantry Regiment"}}]
| false |
# 1892–93 Aston Villa F.C. season
The 1892–93 English football season was Aston Villa's 5th season in the Football League since its formation. George Ramsay would continue in charge of Aston Villa while the Management Committee continued to pick the team. The season fell in what was to be called Villa's golden era.
First-class cricketer and England football international, Jack Devey was Captain. Denny Hodgetts also captained the team.
Frederick Rinder had become the club's financial secretary in 1892, and set about installing turnstiles at Villa's Perry Barr ground. Gate receipts immediately increased from £75 to £250. He introduced many other good business practices to the club. It was his idea to make Aston Villa a limited company. Rinder would later be known as the 'Grand Old Man of Aston Villa'.
There were debut appearances for Bill Dunning (64), Bob Chatt, Jack Ramsay, Peter Dowds, Jock Fleming, George A Davis, Jimmy Logan, Fred Burton, Bob Roberts, David Skea, William Devey, Albert Woolley and Arthur Stokes (13).
## First Division
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts | Relegation |
| --- | ----------------------- | --- | -- | -- | -- | --- | -- | ----- | --- | ------------------------------ |
| 1 | Sunderland (C) | 30 | 22 | 4 | 4 | 100 | 36 | 2.778 | 48 | |
| 2 | Preston North End | 30 | 17 | 3 | 10 | 57 | 39 | 1.462 | 37 | |
| 3 | Everton | 30 | 16 | 4 | 10 | 74 | 51 | 1.451 | 36 | |
| 4 | Aston Villa | 30 | 16 | 3 | 11 | 73 | 62 | 1.177 | 35 | |
| 5 | Bolton Wanderers | 30 | 13 | 6 | 11 | 56 | 55 | 1.018 | 32 | |
| 6 | Burnley | 30 | 13 | 4 | 13 | 51 | 44 | 1.159 | 30 | |
| 7 | Stoke | 30 | 12 | 5 | 13 | 58 | 48 | 1.208 | 29 | |
| 8 | West Bromwich Albion | 30 | 12 | 5 | 13 | 58 | 69 | 0.841 | 29 | |
| 9 | Blackburn Rovers | 30 | 8 | 13 | 9 | 47 | 56 | 0.839 | 29 | |
| 10 | Nottingham Forest | 30 | 10 | 8 | 12 | 48 | 52 | 0.923 | 28 | |
| 11 | Wolverhampton Wanderers | 30 | 12 | 4 | 14 | 47 | 68 | 0.691 | 28 | |
| 12 | The Wednesday | 30 | 12 | 3 | 15 | 55 | 65 | 0.846 | 27 | |
| 13 | Derby County | 30 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 52 | 64 | 0.813 | 27 | |
| 14 | Notts County (R) | 30 | 10 | 4 | 16 | 53 | 61 | 0.869 | 24 | Qualification for test matches |
| 15 | Accrington | 30 | 6 | 11 | 13 | 57 | 81 | 0.704 | 23 | Resigned from league |
| 16 | Newton Heath (O) | 30 | 6 | 6 | 18 | 50 | 85 | 0.588 | 18 | Qualification for test matches |
1. ↑ Accrington did not join the Second Division for the following season after losing their test match.
### Results
| Home \ Away | ACC | AST | BLB | BOL | BUR | DER | EVE | NWH | NOT | NTC | PNE | STK | SUN | WED | WBA | WOL |
| ----------------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Accrington | | 1–1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Aston Villa | 6–4 | | 4–1 | 1–1 | 1–3 | 6–1 | 4–1 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 3–1 | 3–2 | 1–6 | 5–1 | 5–2 | 5–0 |
| Blackburn Rovers | | 2–2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bolton Wanderers | | 5–0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Burnley | | 0–2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Derby County | | 2–1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Everton | | 1–0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Newton Heath | | 2–0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Nottingham Forest | | 4–5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Notts County | | 1–4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Preston North End | | 4–1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Stoke | | 0–1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Sunderland | | 6–0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| The Wednesday | | 5–3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| West Bromwich Albion | | 3–2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Wolverhampton Wanderers | | 2–1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
enwiki/65768701
|
enwiki
| 65,768,701 |
1892–93 Aston Villa F.C. season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892%E2%80%9393_Aston_Villa_F.C._season
|
2023-12-18T12:03:38Z
|
en
|
Q104868426
| 130,322 |
{{main|History of Aston Villa F.C. (1874–1961)}}
{{Short description|1892–93 season of Aston Villa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]
| logo =
| season = 1892–93
| manager = [[George Ramsay (footballer, born 1855)|George Ramsay]]
| chairman =
| stdtitle = Ground
| stadium = [[Wellington Road (Perry Barr)|Wellington Road]]
| league = [[1892–93 Football League|Football League]]
| league result = 4th
| cup1 = [[1892–93 FA Cup#First round proper|FA Cup]]
| cup1 result = first round
| cup2 =
| cup2 result =
| cup3 =
| cup3 result =
| cup4 =
| cup4 result =
| league topscorer =
| season topscorer =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| pattern_la1 = _claretborder
| pattern_b1 = _villa1892
| pattern_ra1 = _claretborder
| leftarm1 = 00aeff
| body1 = 99182b
| rightarm1 = 00aeff
| shorts1 = ffffff
| socks1 = 99182b
| pattern_b2 = _old_laced
| socks2 = 000000
| pattern_la3 = _claretborder
| pattern_b3 = _villa1892_3rd
| pattern_ra3 = _skyblueborder
| leftarm3 = 00aeff
| body3 =
| rightarm3 = 99182b
| shorts3 = ffffff
| socks3 = 99182b
| prevseason = [[1891–92 Aston Villa F.C. season|1891–92]]
| nextseason = [[1893–94 Aston Villa F.C. season|1893–94]]
}}
The [[1892–93 English football season]] was Aston Villa's '''5th season''' in the Football League since its formation. George Ramsay would continue in charge of [[Aston Villa]] while the Management Committee continued to pick the team. The season fell in what was to be called Villa's golden era.<ref name="OffHist0039">{{cite news|url=http://www.avfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ClubHistory/0,,10265~423103,00.html |title=Aston Villa Club History 1900 – 1939 |publisher=AVFC.co.uk |accessdate=2007-10-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824144935/http://www.avfc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/ClubHistory/0%2C%2C10265~423103%2C00.html |archivedate=24 August 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[First-class cricketer]]<ref name="ca">{{cite web | url = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/29/29051/29051.html | title = Jack Devey | publisher = www.cricketarchive.com | accessdate = 23 July 2015}}</ref> and [[England football international]], [[Jack Devey]] was Captain. [[Denny Hodgetts]] also captained the team.<ref>AVFC History: [https://www.avfchistory.co.uk/1892-93-season 1892–93 season]</ref>
[[Frederick Rinder]] had become the club's financial secretary in 1892, and set about installing turnstiles at Villa's [[Perry Barr]] ground. Gate receipts immediately increased from £75 to £250. He introduced many other good business practices to the club. It was his idea to make Aston Villa a [[limited company]]. Rinder would later be known as the 'Grand Old Man of Aston Villa'.
There were debut appearances for [[Bill Dunning]] (64), Bob Chatt, Jack Ramsay, Peter Dowds, Jock Fleming, George A Davis, Jimmy Logan, Fred Burton, Bob Roberts, David Skea, William Devey, Albert Woolley and [[Arthur Stokes (footballer)|Arthur Stokes]] (13).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.avfchistory.co.uk/villa-seasons|title=Aston Villa's Seasons|website=AVFC History}}</ref>
==First Division==
{{main|1892–93 Football League}}
{{:1892–93 Football League|transcludesection=First Division|showteam=AST|only_totals=y}}
===Results===
{{#invoke:Sports results|main
|matches_style=FBR|solid_cell=grey
|team1=ACC|team2=AST|team3=BLB|team4=BOL|team5=BUR
|team6=DER|team7=EVE|team8=NWH|team9=NOT|team10=NTC
|team11=PNE|team12=STK|team13=SUN|team14=WED|team15=WBA
|team16=WOL
|name_ACC=[[Accrington F.C.|Accrington]]
|match_ACC_AST=1–1
|name_AST=[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]
|match_AST_ACC=6–4
|match_AST_BLB=4–1
|match_AST_BOL=1–1
|match_AST_BUR=1–3
|match_AST_DER=6–1
|match_AST_EVE=4–1
|match_AST_NWH=2–0
|match_AST_NOT=1–0
|match_AST_NTC=3–1
|match_AST_PNE=3–1
|match_AST_STK=3–2
|match_AST_SUN=1–6
|match_AST_WED=5–1
|match_AST_WBA=[[West Midlands derby|5–2]]
|match_AST_WOL=[[Villa and Wolves rivalry|5–0]]
|name_BLB=[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]
|match_BLB_AST=2–2
|name_BOL=[[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]]
|match_BOL_AST=5–0
|name_BUR=[[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]]
|match_BUR_AST=0–2
|name_DER=[[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]]
|match_DER_AST=2–1
|name_EVE=[[Everton F.C.|Everton]]
|match_EVE_AST=1–0
|name_NWH=[[History of Manchester United F.C. (1878–1945)|Newton Heath]]
|match_NWH_AST=2–0
|name_NOT=[[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]]
|match_NOT_AST=4–5
|name_NTC=[[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]]
|match_NTC_AST=1–4
|name_PNE=[[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]]
|match_PNE_AST=4–1
|name_STK=[[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke]]
|match_STK_AST=0–1
|name_SUN=[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]]
|match_SUN_AST=6–0
|name_WED=[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|The Wednesday]]
|match_WED_AST=5–3
|name_WBA=[[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]
|match_WBA_AST=[[West Midlands derby|3–2]]
|name_WOL=[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]]
|match_WOL_AST=[[Villa and Wolves rivalry|2–1]]
|update=complete
|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/engpaul/FLA/1892-93.html The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation] website<ref name="rsssf">{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/engpaul/FLA/1892-93.html |title=England 1892–93 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|accessdate=2010-02-24| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100324114040/http://www.rsssf.com/engpaul/FLA/1892-93.html| archivedate= 24 March 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> and Ian Laschke: ''Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888–89 to 1978–79''. Macdonald and Jane’s, London & Sydney, 1980.<ref name="Rothmans">Ian Laschke: ''Rothmans Book of Football League Records 1888–89 to 1978–79''. Macdonald and Jane’s, London & Sydney, 1980.</ref>
}}
==See also==
*[[List of Aston Villa F.C. records and statistics]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.avfc.co.uk Aston Villa official website]
*avfchistory.co.uk [https://www.avfchistory.co.uk/all-the-matches The Matches]
{{Aston Villa F.C. seasons}}
{{1892–93 in English football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1892-93 Aston Villa F.C. season}}
[[Category:Aston Villa F.C. seasons]]
[[Category:English football clubs 1892–93 season|Aston Villa F.C.]]
| 1,190,531,001 |
[{"title": "Aston Villa", "data": {"Manager": "George Ramsay", "Ground": "Wellington Road", "Football League": "4th", "FA Cup": "first round", "Home colours": "Away colours \u00b7 Third colours"}}]
| false |
# .nl
.nl is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Netherlands. It is one of the most popular ccTLDs with over six million registered .nl domains as of 29 September 2020.
When cwi.nl was registered by Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica on 1986-05-01, .nl became the first active ccTLD outside the United States.
## Registry
Since 31 January 1996, .nl domains are registered by the Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland (SIDN, in English: Foundation for Internet Domain Registration Netherlands), based in Arnhem. Most registrars are ISPs, IT service bureaus and media service bureaus, but several large enterprises with many brand names have also become a registrar, or participant as SIDN calls them, which is a quite uncommon phenomenon in the domain name industry. Registrars have to pay SIDN a fee for each domain since 1 April 1996, until then registration was free. SIDN does not deal directly with registrants. In the early days, most of the registrants were universities and research departments of large companies, such as Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium.
## Second-level domains
Official second-level domains do not exist. A number of companies have taken the opportunity to register domains like co.nl and com.nl, using them to sell third-level domains. These are not affiliated with SIDN.
Individuals were allowed to register a second-level .nl domain since 2003. As a forerunner, individuals were allowed to register a third-level domain since 2000. Such 'personal domains' had the form of janjansen.123.nl. They never became popular, and registration has been suspended since 2006. Because there were only around 500 of such domains registered, in contrast to about 5 million second-level domains, SIDN announced the discontinuance of personal domains as of 2008 on 4 July 2007.
## Technical limitations
Unlike the majority of top level domains, .nl requires each nameserver to use a unique IP address. There must be at least two nameservers set, meaning at least two different IP addresses must be used. Other TLDs with this requirement are .ca and .cn.
## Other country-code TLDs under the Kingdom of Netherlands
- .an – ccTLD for the former multi-nation Netherlands Antilles federation
- .aw – ccTLD for Aruba
- .bq – ccTLD for the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba)
- .cw – ccTLD for Curaçao
- .sx – ccTLD for Sint Maarten
|
enwiki/307407
|
enwiki
| 307,407 |
.nl
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.nl
|
2025-02-23T14:31:13Z
|
en
|
Q493202
| 126,430 |
{{Short description|Internet country code top-level domain for the Netherlands}}
{{About|the top-level domain .nl|the file format|nl (format)}}
{{cleanup-reorganize|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox Top level domain
| name=.nl
| image=DotNL domain logo.png
| caption=
| image_size=200px
| introduced={{Start date and age|1986|04|25}}
| type=[[Country code top-level domain]]
| status=Active
| registry={{Interlanguage link|Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland|nl||de}}
| sponsor={{Lang|nl|Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland|italic=no}}
| intendeduse=Entities connected with the [[Netherlands]]
| actualuse=Very popular in the Netherlands
| registereddomains = 6,292,039
| dateregistereddomains = 2022-12-24
| refregistereddomains = <ref name="stats">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-19 |title=Aantal domeinnaam registraties |url=https://stats.sidnlabs.nl/nl/registration.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224175909/https://stats.sidnlabs.nl/nl/registration.html |archive-date=2022-12-24 |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=SIDNLabs}}</ref>
| restrictions=None
| structure=Registrations are taken directly at the second level
| disputepolicy=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sidn.nl/a/nl-domeinnaam/klacht-over-domeinnaam |title=Klacht over domeinnaam |website=SIDN.nl |access-date=2016-10-08|language=nl}}</ref>
| website=[https://www.sidn.nl/ SIDN]
| dnssec=Yes}}
[[File:Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland.svg|thumb|Logo of {{Lang|nl|Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland|italic=no}}, which administers the domain]]
'''.nl''' is the [[Internet]] [[country code top-level domain]] (ccTLD) for the [[Netherlands]]. It is one of the most popular ccTLDs with over six million registered .nl domains {{as of|2020|9|29|lc=y}}.<ref name="stats"/>
When cwi.nl was registered by [[Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica]] on 1986-05-01, .nl became the first active ccTLD outside the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sidn.nl/en/about-sidn/our-milestones |title=Our milestones |website=SIDN |access-date=2020-12-01 |archive-date=2020-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808001755/https://www.sidn.nl/en/about-sidn/our-milestones |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Registry==
Since 31 January 1996, .nl domains are registered by the {{Lang|nl|Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland|italic=no}} (SIDN, in English: Foundation for Internet Domain Registration Netherlands), based in [[Arnhem]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sidn.nl/a/over-sidn/contact | title=Contact |website=SIDN |access-date=2016-10-08 |language=nl}}</ref> Most registrars are [[ISPs]], IT service bureaus and media service bureaus, but several large enterprises with many brand names have also become a registrar, or participant as SIDN calls them, which is a quite uncommon phenomenon in the [[domain name]] industry. Registrars have to pay SIDN a fee for each domain since 1 April 1996, until then registration was free. SIDN does not deal directly with registrants. In the early days, most of the registrants were universities and research departments of large companies, such as {{Lang|nl|[[Philips Natuurkundig Laboratorium]]|italic=no}}.
==Second-level domains==
Official [[second-level domains]] do not exist. A number of companies have taken the opportunity to register domains like co.nl and com.nl, using them to sell third-level domains. These are not affiliated with SIDN.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://domain.co.nl/en/faqs | title=Frequently asked questions |website=Domain.co.nl | access-date=2016-10-08}}</ref>
Individuals were allowed to register a second-level .nl domain since 2003. As a forerunner, individuals were allowed to register a [[third-level domain]] since 2000. Such 'personal domains' had the form of {{mono|janjansen.123.nl}}. They never became popular, and registration has been suspended since 2006. Because there were only around 500 of such domains registered, in contrast to about 5 million second-level domains, SIDN announced the discontinuance of personal domains as of 2008 on 4 July 2007.
==Technical limitations==
Unlike the majority of [[top level domains]], .nl requires each [[nameserver]] to use a unique [[IP address]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.godaddy.com/help/about-nl-domains-5336|website=GoDaddy.com|title=About .nl Domains}}</ref> There must be at least two nameservers set, meaning at least two different IP addresses must be used. Other TLDs with this requirement are [[.ca]] and [[.cn]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.namecheap.com/support/knowledgebase/article.aspx/768/10/how-do-i-register-personal-nameservers-for-my-domain/|website=Namecheap.com|title=How do I register personal nameservers for my domain?}}</ref>
==Other country-code TLDs under the Kingdom of Netherlands==
* [[.an]] – ccTLD for the former multi-nation [[Netherlands Antilles]] federation
* [[.aw]] – ccTLD for [[Aruba]]
* [[.bq]] – ccTLD for the [[Caribbean Netherlands]] ([[Bonaire]], [[Sint Eustatius]], and [[Saba (island)|Saba]])
* [[.cw]] – ccTLD for [[Curaçao]]
* [[.sx]] – ccTLD for [[Sint Maarten]]
==See also==
{{Portal|Netherlands}}
* [[Internet in the Netherlands]]
* [[.amsterdam]] - TLD for [[Amsterdam]]
* [[.eu]] – ccTLD for the [[European Union]]
* [[.frl]] - TLD for the province of [[Friesland]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/nl.html .nl Domain Delegation Data]
* [https://www.sidn.nl/ .nl Registry website]
* [https://www.sidn.nl/registrars List of .nl registrars]
{{Netherlands top-level domains}}
{{ccTLD|state=collapsed}}
{{Netherlands topics}}
{{Europe topic|Internet in }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nl}}
[[Category:1986 establishments in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 1986]]
[[Category:Country code top-level domains]]
[[Category:Internet in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Mass media in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries members]]
[[sv:Toppdomän#N]]
| 1,277,239,335 |
[{"title": ".nl", "data": {"Introduced": "April 25, 1986", "TLD type": "Country code top-level domain", "Status": "Active", "Registry": "Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland", "Sponsor": "Stichting Internet Domeinregistratie Nederland", "Intended use": "Entities connected with the Netherlands", "Actual use": "Very popular in the Netherlands", "Registered domains": "6,292,039 (2022-12-24)", "Registration restrictions": "None", "Structure": "Registrations are taken directly at the second level", "DNSSEC": "Yes", "Registry website": "SIDN"}}]
| false |
# (9948) 1990 QB2
(9948) 1990 QB2 (provisional designation 1990 QB2) is a stony Nysian asteroid from the inner region of the asteroid belt, approximately 3.4 kilometers (2.1 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 22 August 1990, by American astronomer Henry Holt at the Palomar Observatory in California. The likely elongated S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.53 hours. This asteroid has not been named.
## Orbit and classification
1990 QB2 is member of the Nysa family (405), located in the Nysa–Polana complex. It is named after 44 Nysa and one of the largest families in the main belt.: 23
The asteroid orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.9–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,344 days; semi-major axis of 2.38 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.22 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid was first observed as 1979 SJ6 at Crimea–Nauchnij in September 1979. The body's observation arc begins at Palomar with its official discovery observation in 1990.
## Physical characteristics
1990 QB2 has been characterized as a common, stony S-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS' survey and in the SDSS-based taxonomy.
### Rotation period
In November 2005, a first rotational lightcurve of 1990 QB2 was obtained from photometric observations by Australian amateur astronomer David Higgins. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 3.5257 hours with a high brightness variation of 0.77 magnitude (U=3). In January 2014, observations in the R-band at the Palomar Transient Factory in California gave two concurring periods of 3.523 and 3.53 hours with an amplitude of 0.60 magnitude (U=2/2). A high brightness amplitude typically indicates that the body has a non-spherical shape
### Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, 1990 QB2 measures 3.345 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.250. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts Petr Pravec's revised WISE-result, that is, an albedo of 0.2232 and a diameter of 3.351 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 14.62.
## Naming
This minor planet was numbered on 2 February 1999 (M.P.C. 33659). As of 2018, it has not been named.
|
enwiki/15280049
|
enwiki
| 15,280,049 |
(9948) 1990 QB2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(9948)_1990_QB2
|
2024-04-28T11:32:09Z
|
en
|
Q710094
| 130,303 |
{{Short description|Stony Nysian asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = (9948) {{mp|1990 QB|2}}
| background = #D6D6D6
| image = AnimatedOrbitOf99481990QB2.gif
| image_scale =
| caption = Orbit of {{mp|1990 QB|2}} (blue), the [[inner planets]]<br />and [[Jupiter]] (outermost)
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" />
| discoverer = [[Henry E. Holt|H. E. Holt]]
| discovery_site = [[Palomar Observatory|Palomar Obs.]]
| discovered = 22 August 1990
| mpc_name = (9948) {{mp|1990 QB|2}}
| alt_names = {{mp|1990 QB|2}}{{·}}{{mp|1979 SJ|6}}<br />{{mp|1990 SQ|26}}
| pronounced =
| named_after = <!--[[xafter]]<br />{{small|()}}<ref name="MPC-object" />-->
| mp_category = {{nowrap|[[main-belt]]<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|inner]])}}}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />[[Nysa family|Nysa]]<ref name="Ferret" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 23 March 2018 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458200.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 38.43 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (14,035 d)
| aphelion = 2.9012 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 1.8657 AU
| semimajor = 2.3835 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2172
| period = 3.68 yr (1,344 d)
| mean_anomaly = 187.50[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2678|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 2.0964°
| asc_node = 171.55°
| arg_peri = 151.67°
| mean_diameter = {{val|3.345|0.717|ul=km}}<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|3.351|u=km}}<ref name="Pravec-2012b" />
| rotation = {{val|3.523|0.0025|ul=h}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><br />{{val|3.5257|0.0007|u=h}}<ref name="Higgins-2006e" /><br />{{val|3.53|0.010|u=h}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Chang-2015" />
| albedo = {{val|0.2232}}<ref name="Pravec-2012b" /><br />{{val|0.250|0.093}}<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="WISE" />
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]] {{small|([[Sloan Digital Sky Survey|SDSS]]-MOC)}}<ref name="SDSS-Taxonomy" /><br />[[S-type asteroid|S]] {{small|([[Pan-STARRS]])}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />
| abs_magnitude = {{val|13.79|0.54}}<ref name="Veres-2015" /><br />{{val|14.290|0.200}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Chang-2015" /><br />14.3<ref name="jpldata" /><br />{{val|14.338|0.004}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><br />14.5<ref name="WISE" /><br />14.62<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Pravec-2012b" />
}}
'''{{mp|(9948) 1990 QB|2}}''' ([[Minor planet provisional designation|provisional designation]] '''{{mp|1990 QB|2}}''') is a stony [[Nysian asteroid]] from the inner region of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately {{convert|3.4|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 22 August 1990, by American astronomer [[Henry E. Holt|Henry Holt]] at the [[Palomar Observatory]] in California.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The likely elongated [[S-type asteroid]] has a [[rotation period]] of 3.53 hours.<ref name="lcdb" /> This asteroid has not been [[List of named minor planets|named]].<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Orbit and classification ==
{{mp|1990 QB|2}} is member of the [[Nysa family]] ({{small|[[FIN tbl#405|405]]}}),<ref name="Ferret" /> located in the Nysa–Polana complex. It is named after [[44 Nysa]] and one of the largest [[asteroid families|families]] in the main belt.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}
The asteroid orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] asteroid belt at a distance of 1.9–2.9 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 8 months (1,344 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 2.38 AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.22 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 2[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The asteroid was first observed as {{mp|1979 SJ|6}} at [[Crimea–Nauchnij]] in September 1979. The body's [[observation arc]] begins at Palomar with its official discovery observation in 1990.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
{{mp|1990 QB|2}} has been characterized as a common, stony [[S-type asteroid]] by [[Pan-STARRS]]{{'}} survey and in the [[Sloan Digital Sky Survey|SDSS]]-based taxonomy.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="SDSS-Taxonomy" /><ref name="Veres-2015" />
=== Rotation period ===
In November 2005, a first rotational [[lightcurve]] of {{mp|1990 QB|2}} was obtained from [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observations by Australian amateur astronomer [[David Higgins (astronomer)|David Higgins]]. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined [[rotation period]] of 3.5257 hours with a high brightness variation of 0.77 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3]]}}).<ref name="Higgins-2006e" /> In January 2014, observations in the R-band at the [[Palomar Transient Factory]] in California gave two concurring periods of 3.523 and 3.53 hours with an amplitude of 0.60 magnitude ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2/2]]}}).<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><ref name="Chang-2015" /> A high brightness amplitude typically indicates that the body has a non-spherical shape
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the survey carried out by the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], {{mp|1990 QB|2}} measures 3.345 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.250.<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="WISE" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' adopts [[Petr Pravec]]'s revised WISE-result, that is, an albedo of 0.2232 and a diameter of 3.351 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 14.62.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Pravec-2012b" />
== Naming ==
This [[minor planet]] was numbered on 2 February 1999 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 33659}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" /> As of 2018, it has not been [[List of named minor planets|named]].<ref name="MPC-object" />
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2018-02-25 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 9948 (1990 QB2)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2009948
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date = 31 May 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 9948 (1990 QB2)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=9948
|access-date = 31 May 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|access-date = 31 May 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey
|first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt
|first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan
|first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr
|first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie
|first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen
|first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker
|first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright
|first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun
|first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury
|first16 = T. IV |last16 = Gautier
|first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion
|first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins
|date = November 2011
|title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 20
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68
|arxiv = 1109.4096
|s2cid = 118745497 }}</ref>
<ref name="SDSS-Taxonomy">{{Cite journal
|first1 = J. M. |last1 = Carvano
|first2 = P. H. |last2 = Hasselmann
|first3 = D. |last3 = Lazzaro
|first4 = T. |last4 = Mothé-Diniz
|date = February 2010
|title = SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids
|url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_I0035_5_SDSSTAX_V1_1/data/sdsstax_ast_table.tab
|journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics
|volume = 510
|page = 12
|bibcode = 2010A&A...510A..43C
|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/200913322
|access-date= 30 October 2019|doi-access= free
}} [https://sbn.psi.edu/pds/resource/sdsstax.html (PDS data set)]</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid (9948) 1990 QB2
|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=9948
|access-date = 31 May 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book
|first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný
|first2 = M. |last2 = Broz
|first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba
|date = December 2014
|chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families
|title = Asteroids IV
|pages = 297–321
|bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N
|doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016
|arxiv = 1502.01628
|isbn = 9780816532131
|s2cid = 119280014
}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (9948)
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=9948%7C
|access-date = 31 May 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Pravec-2012b">{{cite journal
|first1 = Petr |last1 = Pravec
|first2 = Alan W. |last2 = Harris
|first3 = Peter |last3 = Kusnirák
|first4 = Adrián |last4 = Galád
|first5 = Kamil |last5 = Hornoch
|date = September 2012
|title = Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 221
|issue = 1
|pages = 365–387
|bibcode = 2012Icar..221..365P
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026
}}</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407
|s2cid = 118700974 }} ([http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/741/2/68/fulltext/apj398969t1_mrt.txt catalog])</ref>
<ref name="Higgins-2006e">{{cite journal
|first1 = David |last1 = Higgins
|first2 = Petr |last2 = Pravec
|first3 = Peter |last3 = Kusnirak
|first4 = Vishnu |last4 = Reddy
|first5 = Ron |last5 = Dyvig
|date = September 2006
|title = Asteroid lightcurve analysis at Hunters Hill Observatory and collaborating stations - summer 2005/6
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 33
|issue = 3
|pages = 64–66
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2006MPBu...33...64H
}}</ref>
<ref name="Chang-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Chan-Kao |last1 = Chang
|first2 = Wing-Huen |last2 = Ip |author-link2= Ip Wing-huen
|first3 = Hsing-Wen |last3 = Lin
|first4 = Yu-Chi |last4 = Cheng
|first5 = Chow-Choong |last5 = Ngeow
|first6 = Ting-Chang |last6 = Yang
|first7 = Adam |last7 = Waszczak
|first8 = Shrinivas R. |last8 = Kulkarni
|first9 = David |last9 = Levitan
|first10 = Branimir |last10 = Sesar
|first11 = Russ |last11 = Laher
|first12 = Jason |last12 = Surace
|first13 = Thomas. A. |last13 = Prince
|date = August 2015
|title = Asteroid Spin-rate Study Using the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
|volume = 219
|issue = 2
|page = 19
|bibcode = 2015ApJS..219...27C
|doi = 10.1088/0067-0049/219/2/27
|arxiv = 1506.08493
|s2cid = 17093124 }}</ref>
<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak
|first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang
|first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek
|first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher
|first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci
|first6 = David |last6 = Levitan
|first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace
|first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng
|first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip
|first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita
|first11 = George |last11 = Helou
|first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince
|first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni
|date = September 2015
|title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 150
|issue = 3
|page = 35
|bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W
|doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75
|arxiv = 1504.04041
|s2cid = 8342929 }}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|s2cid = 53493339 }}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs005001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|9948}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |(9947) 1990 QB |number=9948 |9949 Brontosaurus}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1990 QB2}}
[[Category:Nysa asteroids|009948]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Henry E. Holt]]
[[Category:S-type asteroids|009948]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1990|19900822]]
| 1,221,187,065 |
[{"title": "Discovery", "data": {"Discovered by": "H. E. Holt", "Discovery site": "Palomar Obs.", "Discovery date": "22 August 1990"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"MPC designation": "(9948) 1990 QB2", "Alternative designations": "1990 QB2 \u00b7 1979 SJ6 \u00b7 1990 SQ26", "Minor planet category": "main-belt \u00b7 (inner) \u00b7 Nysa"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Orbital characteristics": ["Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)", "Uncertainty parameter 0"], "Observation arc": "38.43 yr (14,035 d)", "Aphelion": "2.9012 AU", "Perihelion": "1.8657 AU", "Semi-major axis": "2.3835 AU", "Eccentricity": "0.2172", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "3.68 yr (1,344 d)", "Mean anomaly": "187.50\u00b0", "Mean motion": "0\u00b0 16m 4.08s / day", "Inclination": "2.0964\u00b0", "Longitude of ascending node": "171.55\u00b0", "Argument of perihelion": "151.67\u00b0"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Mean diameter": "3.345\u00b10.717 km \u00b7 3.351 km", "Synodic rotation period": "3.523\u00b10.0025 h (R) \u00b7 3.5257\u00b10.0007 h \u00b7 3.53\u00b10.010 h (R)", "Geometric albedo": "0.2232 \u00b7 0.250\u00b10.093", "Spectral type": "S (SDSS-MOC) \u00b7 S (Pan-STARRS)", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "13.79\u00b10.54 \u00b7 14.290\u00b10.200 (R) \u00b7 14.3 \u00b7 14.338\u00b10.004 (R) \u00b7 14.5 \u00b7 14.62"}}]
| false |
# 1271 in Ireland
Events from the year 1271 in Ireland.
## Incumbent
- Lord: Henry III
## Deaths
- 28 July: Walter de Burgo (b. c 1230) died in Galway and was buried in Athassel Priory[citation needed]
- Maine Mor Ó Cellaigh, King of Uí Maine and 10th Chief of the Name
|
enwiki/14957709
|
enwiki
| 14,957,709 |
1271 in Ireland
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1271_in_Ireland
|
2024-12-22T19:39:58Z
|
en
|
Q4548525
| 132,678 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}{{Use Hiberno-English|date=December 2024}}
{{YearInIrelandNav | 1271 }}
Events from the year '''1271 in Ireland'''.
==Incumbent==
*[[Lord of Ireland|Lord]]: [[Henry III of England|Henry III]]
==Events==
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}
==Deaths==
* 28 July: [[Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster|Walter de Burgo]] (b. c [[1230 in Ireland|1230]]) died in [[Galway]] and was buried in [[Athassel Priory]]{{Citation needed|date=December 2007}}
* [[Maine Mor Ó Cellaigh]], King of [[Uí Maine]] and 10th Chief of the Name
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Years in Ireland}}
{{Year in Europe|1271}}
[[Category:1270s in Ireland]]
[[Category:1271 by country|Ireland]]
[[Category:Years of the 13th century in Ireland]]
| 1,264,643,595 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1270 - 1269 - 1268 - 1267 - 1266": "1271 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Ireland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1272 - 1273 - 1274 - 1275 - 1276", "Centuries": "11th 12th 13th 14th 15th", "Decades": "1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s 1290s", "See also": "Other events of 1271 \u00b7 List of years in Ireland"}}]
| false |
# 1907 Kentucky State College Blue and White football team
The 1907 Kentucky State College Blue and White football team represented Kentucky State College—now known as the University of Kentucky—during the 1907 college football season. The team was state champion; champion of the Kentucky Intercollegiate Athletic Association.
## Schedule
| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| -------------------- | --------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | --------------- | ---------- | ----------- |
| September 21 | at Kentucky Wesleyan | Winchester, KY | W 17–0 | | |
| September 28 | Winchester Athletic Club* | Lexington, KY | W 6–0 (forfeit) | | |
| September 28 | Louisville Manual Training High School* | Lexington, KY | W 30–0 | | [ 2 ] |
| October 5 | at Vanderbilt* | Dudley Field Nashville, TN ( rivalry ) | L 0–40 | 1,800 | [ 3 ] [ 4 ] |
| October 12 | Morris Harvey* | Lexington, KY | W 29–0 | | [ 5 ] |
| October 26 | Hanover* | Lexington, KY | W 40–0 | | [ 6 ] |
| November 9 | at Tennessee* | Chilhowee Park Knoxville, TN ( rivalry ) | T 0–0 | | [ 7 ] |
| November 11 | at Maryville (TN)* | Maryville, TN | W 5–2 | | [ 8 ] |
| November 16 | Georgetown (KY) | Lexington, KY | W 38–0 | | [ 9 ] |
| November 28 | Central University (KY) | Lexington, KY (rivalry) | W 11–0 | 4,000 | [ 10 ] |
| December 5 | Kentucky University | Lexington, KY (rivalry) | W 5–0 | | [ 11 ] |
| *Non-conference game | | | | | |
|
enwiki/51538540
|
enwiki
| 51,538,540 |
1907 Kentucky State College Blue and White football team
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907_Kentucky_State_College_Blue_and_White_football_team
|
2023-08-16T04:26:00Z
|
en
|
Q28447137
| 95,736 |
{{short description|American college football season}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox college sports team season
| year = 1907
| team = Kentucky State College Blue and White
| sport = football
| image =
| image_size =
| conference = [[Kentucky Intercollegiate Athletic Association]]
| short_conf = KIAA
| record = 9–1–1
| conf_record = 4–0
| head_coach = [[J. White Guyn]]
| hc_year = 2nd
| captain = George Adair
| stadium =
| champion = KIAA champion
}}
The '''1907 Kentucky State College Blue and White football team''' represented Kentucky State College—now known as the [[University of Kentucky]]—during the [[1907 college football season]]. The team was state champion; champion of the Kentucky Intercollegiate Athletic Association.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vws7AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PA101|title = The Official National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Guide|year = 1907}}</ref>
==Schedule==
{{CFB schedule
| timezone = Eastern
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = September 21
| w/l = w
| away = y
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1906|team=Kentucky Wesleyan Panthers|title=Kentucky Wesleyan}}
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Winchester, Kentucky|Winchester, KY]]
| score = 17–0
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = September 28
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = Winchester Athletic Club
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington, KY]]
| score = 6–0 (forfeit)
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = September 28
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = [[duPont Manual High School|Louisville Manual Training High School]]
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = Lexington, KY
| score = 30–0
| source = <ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Manual Eleven Badly Beaten |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109397817/the-courier-journal/ |newspaper=[[The Courier-Journal]] |location=[[Louisville, Kentucky]] |date=September 29, 1907 |page=3, section 4 |access-date=September 11, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 5
| w/l = l
| nonconf = y
| away = y
| opponent = [[1907 Vanderbilt Commodores football team|Vanderbilt]]
| site_stadium = [[Old Dudley Field|Dudley Field]]
| site_cityst = [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]]
| gamename = [[Kentucky–Vanderbilt football rivalry|rivalry]]
| score = 0–40
| attend = 1,800
| source = <ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Commodores Pile Up A Big Score |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109397605/the-tennessean/ |newspaper=[[The Tennessean|The Nashville American]] |location=[[Nashville, Tennessee]] |date=October 6, 1907 |page=8 |access-date=September 11, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Commodores Pile Up A Big Score (continued) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109397662/the-tennessean/ |newspaper=[[The Tennessean|The Nashville American]] |location=[[Nashville, Tennessee]] |date=October 6, 1907 |page=9 |access-date=September 11, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 12
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1907|team=Morris Harvey|title=Morris Harvey}}
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = Lexington, KY
| score = 29–0
| source = <ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=State College Team Wins |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109399049/the-courier-journal/ |newspaper=[[The Courier-Journal]] |location=[[Louisville, Kentucky]] |date=October 13, 1907 |page=3, section 4 |access-date=September 11, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 26
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1907|team=Hanover Panthers|title=Hanover}}
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = Lexington, KY
| score = 40–0
| source = <ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=State College 40, Hanover 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109398433/the-courier-journal/ |newspaper=[[The Courier-Journal]] |location=[[Louisville, Kentucky]] |date=October 27, 1907 |page=4, section 4 |access-date=September 11, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 9
| w/l = t
| nonconf = y
| away = y
| opponent = [[1907 Tennessee Volunteers football team|Tennessee]]
| site_stadium = [[Chilhowee Park]]
| site_cityst = [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville, TN]]
| gamename = [[Kentucky–Tennessee football rivalry|rivalry]]
| score = 0–0
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82685971/draw-neither-eleven-able-to-score/|work=Lexington Leader|title=Draw, neither eleven able to score|date=November 10, 1907|accessdate=August 2, 2021|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 11
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| away = y
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1906|team=Maryville Scots|title=Maryville (TN)}}
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Maryville, Tennessee|Maryville, TN]]
| score = 5–2
| source = <ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Close Game At Maryville |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109398590/chattanooga-daily-times/ |newspaper=[[Chattanooga Times Free Press|Chattanooga Daily Times]] |location=[[Chattanooga, Tennessee]] |date=November 12, 1907 |page=10 |access-date=September 11, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 16
| w/l = w
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1907|team=Georgetown Tigers|title=Georgetown (KY)}}
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = Lexington, KY
| score = 38–0
| source = <ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=State College 38, Georgetown 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109398672/the-courier-journal/ |newspaper=[[The Courier-Journal]] |location=[[Louisville, Kentucky]] |date=November 17, 1907 |page=2, section 4 |access-date=September 11, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 28
| w/l = w
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1907|team=Central University|title=Central University (KY)}}
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = Lexington, KY
| gamename = [[Centre–Kentucky rivalry|rivalry]]
| score = 11–0
| attend = 4,000
| source = <ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=State College Downs Central |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109398775/the-courier-journal/ |newspaper=[[The Courier-Journal]] |location=[[Louisville, Kentucky]] |date=November 29, 1907 |page=7 |access-date=September 11, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = December 5
| w/l = w
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1907|team=Kentucky University|title=Kentucky University}}
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = Lexington, KY
| gamename = [[Battle On Broadway|rivalry]]
| score = 5–0
| source = <ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=State Eleven Defeats K. U. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109398893/the-courier-journal/ |newspaper=[[The Courier-Journal]] |location=[[Louisville, Kentucky]] |date=December 6, 1907 |page=6 |access-date=September 11, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>
}}
}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Kentucky Wildcats football navbox}}
[[Category:1907 college football season|Kentucky State College]]
[[Category:Kentucky Wildcats football seasons]]
[[Category:1907 in sports in Kentucky|Kentucky State College Blue and White football]]
{{collegefootball-1907-season-stub}}
| 1,170,616,613 |
[{"title": "KIAA champion", "data": {"Conference": "Kentucky Intercollegiate Athletic Association", "Record": "9\u20131\u20131 (4\u20130 KIAA)", "Head coach": "- J. White Guyn (2nd season)", "Captain": "George Adair"}}]
| false |
# 1892–93 in English football
The 1892–93 season was the 22nd season of competitive football in England.
## Events
The Football League and the Football Alliance formally merged, and so the Football League Second Division was formed, consisting mostly of Football Alliance clubs. The existing League clubs, minus Darwen (who were relegated) plus three of the strongest Alliance clubs (Nottingham Forest, Newton Heath and The Wednesday, who would later be renamed Manchester United and Sheffield Wednesday respectively), comprised the Football League First Division.
The Second Division comprised the remaining Football Alliance teams, plus Northwich Victoria, Burslem Port Vale and Sheffield United.
Liverpool, formed in March 1892 by Anfield landlord John Houlding after Everton's exit to Goodison Park, join the Lancashire League. They would be elected to the Football League Second Division after one season in the Lancashire League.
## National team
### Ireland
England's opening international game of the season took place in Birmingham on 25 February against Ireland, with the selectors choosing a team consisting mainly of players with connections to the Corinthians, of which seven were making their England débuts. Chris Charsley of Small Heath, who later went on to be Chief Constable of Coventry, made his solitary England appearance in goal. Alban Harrison (Old Westminsters) and Fred Pelly (Old Foresters) made their débuts as the two full-backs and Norman Cooper (Cambridge University) made his solitary appearance at centre-half. Robert Topham, an amateur player with Wolverhampton Wanderers, who had previously declined an invitation to play for Wales following his selection in 1885, made the first of his two appearances at outside right, with Walter Gilliat of Old Carthusians making his solitary appearance at inside right. Gilliat, an excellent dribbler of the ball, would probably have made more England appearances but for his religious beliefs, and went on to become the vicar of Iver and the rector of Sevenoaks.
The most notable débutante was Gilbert Oswald Smith of Oxford University, who went on to represent his country on 20 occasions in a career spanning 8 years (scoring 11 goals) and was captain 16 times. He was considered by many to be the world's best player of the 19th Century.
England totally dominated the match itself with Walter Gilliat scoring three times in the first 30 minutes, although Ireland had levelled the scores shortly after England's first goal. Further goals from G.O. Smith, William Winckworth and Rupert Sandilands enabled England to run out convincing 6–1 victors. Gilliat thus became one of only five players to have scored a hat-trick in his only appearance in an England shirt.
### Wales
For the match against Wales at Stoke-on-Trent two weeks later, the selectors chose a team consisting entirely of professional players, of which four were making their début. In goal they selected John Willie Sutcliffe of Bolton Wanderers, for the first of his 5 appearances; Sutcliffe had previously made an appearance for the English rugby union side. Jimmy Turner (Bolton Wanderers) and Jimmy Whitehead (Blackburn Rovers) made their débuts at left half and inside right respectively. The fourth débutante was Fred Spiksley of The Wednesday who made the first of seven England appearances at outside left, from where he scored seven goals during his England career, including a hat-trick on his debut.
Once again, England were comfortable victors, with further goals from Billy Bassett, John Goodall and Jack Reynolds as England easily defeated the Welsh 6–0.
### Scotland
England's final international match of the season came at Richmond Athletic Ground on 1 April against Scotland who were hoping to avenge their defeat in each of the two previous seasons. England selected a strong eleven, with only Leslie Gay of Old Brightonians making his début in goal. Gay later played Test cricket for England.
England ultimately enjoyed another comfortable victory; Gosling scored after 15 minutes, but Scotland went ahead with goals after 30 and 55 minutes. A goal from captain George Cotterill brought England level after 65 minutes. Fred Spiksley then scored twice in two minutes before completing his hat-trick after 84 minutes, thus enabling England to continue their fine run against the Scots.
As a result, England were the winners of the British Home Championship for the third consecutive season.
| Date | Venue | Opponents | Score* | Comp | England scorers |
| ---------------- | -------------------------------------------- | --------- | ------ | ---- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 25 February 1893 | Wellington Road (Perry Barr), Birmingham (H) | Ireland | 6–1 | BHC | Walter Gilliat (Old Carthusians) (10, 18 & 30 mins), G.O. Smith (Corinthian) (43 mins), William Winckworth (Old Westminsters) (60 mins) & Rupert Sandilands (Old Westminsters) (75 mins) |
| 13 March 1893 | Victoria Ground, Stoke-on-Trent (H) | Wales | 6–0 | BHC | Fred Spiksley (Sheffield Wednesday) (25, 43 & 88 mins), Billy Bassett (West Bromwich Albion) (47 mins), John Goodall (Derby County) (49 mins) & Jack Reynolds (West Bromwich Albion) (75 mins) |
| 1 April 1893 | Richmond Athletic Ground, London (H) | Scotland | 5–2 | BHC | R. Cunliffe Gosling (Old Etonians) (15 mins), George Cotterill (Old Brightonians) (65 mins) & Fred Spiksley (Sheffield Wednesday) (78, 80 & 84 mins) |
* England score given first
Key
- H = Home match
- BHC = British Home Championship
## Honours
| Competition | Winner |
| ----------------- | --------------------------- |
| First Division | Sunderland (2*) |
| Second Division | Small Heath |
| FA Cup | Wolverhampton Wanderers (1) |
| Home Championship | England |
Notes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition
## League table
### First Division
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts | Relegation |
| --- | ----------------------- | --- | -- | -- | -- | --- | -- | ----- | --- | ------------------------------ |
| 1 | Sunderland (C) | 30 | 22 | 4 | 4 | 100 | 36 | 2.778 | 48 | |
| 2 | Preston North End | 30 | 17 | 3 | 10 | 57 | 39 | 1.462 | 37 | |
| 3 | Everton | 30 | 16 | 4 | 10 | 74 | 51 | 1.451 | 36 | |
| 4 | Aston Villa | 30 | 16 | 3 | 11 | 73 | 62 | 1.177 | 35 | |
| 5 | Bolton Wanderers | 30 | 13 | 6 | 11 | 56 | 55 | 1.018 | 32 | |
| 6 | Burnley | 30 | 13 | 4 | 13 | 51 | 44 | 1.159 | 30 | |
| 7 | Stoke | 30 | 12 | 5 | 13 | 58 | 48 | 1.208 | 29 | |
| 8 | West Bromwich Albion | 30 | 12 | 5 | 13 | 58 | 69 | 0.841 | 29 | |
| 9 | Blackburn Rovers | 30 | 8 | 13 | 9 | 47 | 56 | 0.839 | 29 | |
| 10 | Nottingham Forest | 30 | 10 | 8 | 12 | 48 | 52 | 0.923 | 28 | |
| 11 | Wolverhampton Wanderers | 30 | 12 | 4 | 14 | 47 | 68 | 0.691 | 28 | |
| 12 | The Wednesday | 30 | 12 | 3 | 15 | 55 | 65 | 0.846 | 27 | |
| 13 | Derby County | 30 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 52 | 64 | 0.813 | 27 | |
| 14 | Notts County (R) | 30 | 10 | 4 | 16 | 53 | 61 | 0.869 | 24 | Qualification for test matches |
| 15 | Accrington | 30 | 6 | 11 | 13 | 57 | 81 | 0.704 | 23 | Resigned from league |
| 16 | Newton Heath (O) | 30 | 6 | 6 | 18 | 50 | 85 | 0.588 | 18 | Qualification for test matches |
1. ↑ Accrington did not join the Second Division for the following season after losing their test match.
### Second Division
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | ----------------------- | --- | -- | - | -- | -- | -- | ----- | --- | ------------------------------ |
| 1 | Small Heath (C) | 22 | 17 | 2 | 3 | 90 | 35 | 2.571 | 36 | Qualification for test matches |
| 2 | Sheffield United (O, P) | 22 | 16 | 3 | 3 | 62 | 19 | 3.263 | 35 | Qualification for test matches |
| 3 | Darwen (O, P) | 22 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 60 | 36 | 1.667 | 30 | Qualification for test matches |
| 4 | Grimsby Town | 22 | 11 | 1 | 10 | 42 | 41 | 1.024 | 23 | |
| 5 | Ardwick | 22 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 45 | 40 | 1.125 | 21 | |
| 6 | Burton Swifts | 22 | 9 | 2 | 11 | 47 | 47 | 1.000 | 20 | |
| 7 | Northwich Victoria | 22 | 9 | 2 | 11 | 42 | 58 | 0.724 | 20 | |
| 8 | Bootle | 22 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 49 | 63 | 0.778 | 19 | Resigned from league |
| 9 | Lincoln City | 22 | 7 | 3 | 12 | 45 | 51 | 0.882 | 17 | Re-elected |
| 10 | Crewe Alexandra | 22 | 6 | 3 | 13 | 42 | 69 | 0.609 | 15 | Re-elected |
| 11 | Burslem Port Vale | 22 | 6 | 3 | 13 | 30 | 57 | 0.526 | 15 | Re-elected |
| 12 | Walsall Town Swifts | 22 | 5 | 3 | 14 | 37 | 75 | 0.493 | 13 | Re-elected |
1. ↑ Bootle was liquidated at the end of the season.
### Test Match Results
| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Notes |
| ---------------- | ----- | ------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Small Heath | 1–1 | Newton Heath | |
| Newton Heath | 5–2 | Small Heath | Replay. Newton Heath and Small Heath remain in their respective divisions. |
| Darwen | 3–2 | Notts County | Darwen promoted, Notts County relegated |
| Sheffield United | 1–0 | Accrington | Sheffield United promoted, Accrington resign from Football League |
## Footnotes
1. ↑ "A timeline for Liverpool Football Club". LFC history.net.
2. ↑ "England 6 Ireland 1 (25 February 1893)". englandfootballonline. 12 May 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
3. ↑ "England players: Fred Spiksley". englandfootballonline. 20 March 2017. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
4. ↑ "England 6 Wales 0 (13 March 1893)". englandfootballonline. 14 May 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
5. ↑ "England 5 Scotland 2 (1 April 1893)". englandfootballonline. 18 May 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
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{{Short description|22nd season of competitive football in England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox football country season
| country = England
| season = 1892–93
| division1 = [[1892–93 Football League#First Division|First Division]]
| champions1 = [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]]
| division2 = [[1892–93 Football League#Second Division|Second Division]]
| champions2 = [[Birmingham City F.C.|Small Heath]]
| domestic = [[1892–93 FA Cup|FA Cup]]
| dchampions = [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]]
| prevseason = 1891–92
| nextseason = 1893–94
| flagicon = yes
}}
The '''1892–93 season''' was the 22nd season of competitive [[football in England]].
==Events==
[[The Football League]] and the [[Football Alliance]] formally merged, and so the [[Football League Second Division]] was formed, consisting mostly of Football Alliance clubs. The existing League clubs, minus [[Darwen F.C. (1870)|Darwen]] (who were relegated) plus three of the strongest Alliance clubs ([[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]], [[Manchester United F.C.|Newton Heath]] and [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|The Wednesday]], who would later be renamed Manchester United and Sheffield Wednesday respectively), comprised the Football League First Division.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
The Second Division comprised the remaining Football Alliance teams, plus [[Northwich Victoria F.C.|Northwich Victoria]], [[Port Vale F.C.|Burslem Port Vale]] and [[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], formed in March 1892 by [[Anfield]] landlord [[John Houlding]] after [[Everton F.C.|Everton]]'s exit to [[Goodison Park]], join the [[Lancashire League (football)|Lancashire League]]. They would be elected to the Football League Second Division after one season in the Lancashire League.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lfchistory.net/Stats/Article/2561|title=A timeline for Liverpool Football Club|work=LFC history.net}}</ref>
==National team==
===Ireland===
[[England national football team|England]]'s opening international game of the season took place in Birmingham on 25 February against [[Ireland national football team (IFA)|Ireland]], with the selectors choosing a team consisting mainly of players with connections to [[Corinthian F.C.|the Corinthians]], of which seven were making their England débuts. [[Chris Charsley]] of [[Birmingham City F.C.|Small Heath]], who later went on to be [[Chief Constable]] of [[Coventry]], made his solitary England appearance in goal. [[Alban Harrison]] ([[Old Westminsters F.C.|Old Westminsters]]) and [[Fred Pelly]] ([[Old Foresters F.C.|Old Foresters]]) made their débuts as the two [[Fullback (association football)#Full back|full-backs]] and [[Norman Cooper (sportsman)|Norman Cooper]] ([[Cambridge University A.F.C.|Cambridge University]]) made his solitary appearance at centre-half. [[Robert Topham (footballer)|Robert Topham]], an amateur player with [[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]], who had previously declined an invitation to play for [[Wales national football team|Wales]] following his selection in 1885, made the first of his two appearances at outside right, with [[Walter Gilliat]] of [[Old Carthusians F.C.|Old Carthusians]] making his solitary appearance at inside right. Gilliat, an excellent dribbler of the ball, would probably have made more England appearances but for his religious beliefs, and went on to become the [[vicar]] of [[Iver]] and the [[Rector (ecclesiastical)#Anglican churches|rector]] of [[Sevenoaks]].
The most notable débutante was [[G.O. Smith|Gilbert Oswald Smith]] of [[Oxford University A.F.C.|Oxford University]], who went on to represent his country on 20 occasions in a career spanning 8 years (scoring 11 goals) and was [[List of England national football team captains|captain]] 16 times. He was considered by many to be the world's best player of the 19th Century.
England totally dominated the match itself with [[Walter Gilliat]] scoring three times in the first 30 minutes, although Ireland had levelled the scores shortly after England's first goal. Further goals from [[G.O. Smith]], [[William Winckworth]] and [[Rupert Sandilands]] enabled England to run out convincing 6–1 victors.<ref>{{cite web |title=England 6 Ireland 1 (25 February 1893) |url=http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1872-00/1892-93/M0047Ire1893.html |website=englandfootballonline |access-date=12 July 2018 |date=12 May 2018}}</ref> Gilliat thus became one of only five players to have scored a [[Hat-trick#Association football|hat-trick]] in his only appearance in an England shirt.
===Wales===
For the match against [[Wales national football team|Wales]] at [[Stoke-on-Trent]] two weeks later, the selectors chose a team consisting entirely of professional players, of which four were making their début. In goal they selected [[John Willie Sutcliffe]] of [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]], for the first of his 5 appearances; Sutcliffe had previously made an appearance for the [[England national rugby union team|English rugby union side]]. [[Jimmy Turner (English footballer)|Jimmy Turner]] ([[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]]) and [[Jimmy Whitehead]] ([[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]) made their débuts at left half and inside right respectively. The fourth débutante was [[Fred Spiksley]] of [[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|The Wednesday]] who made the first of seven England appearances at outside left, from where he scored seven goals during his England career, including a hat-trick on his debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=England players: Fred Spiksley |url=http://www.englandfootballonline.com/TeamPlyrsBios/PlayersS/BioSpiksleyF.html |website=englandfootballonline |access-date=12 July 2018 |date=20 March 2017}}</ref>
Once again, England were comfortable victors, with further goals from [[Billy Bassett]], [[John Goodall]] and [[Jack Reynolds (1869-1917)|Jack Reynolds]] as England easily defeated the Welsh 6–0.<ref>{{cite web |title=England 6 Wales 0 (13 March 1893) |url=http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1872-00/1892-93/M0048Wal1893.html |website=englandfootballonline |access-date=12 July 2018 |date=14 May 2018}}</ref>
===Scotland===
England's final international match of the season came at [[Richmond Athletic Ground]] on 1 April against [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]] who were hoping to avenge their defeat in each of the two previous seasons. England selected a strong eleven, with only [[Leslie Gay]] of [[Old Brightonians F.C.|Old Brightonians]] making his début in goal. Gay later played [[Test cricket]] for [[England cricket team|England]].
England ultimately enjoyed another comfortable victory; [[R. Cunliffe Gosling|Gosling]] scored after 15 minutes, but Scotland went ahead with goals after 30 and 55 minutes. A goal from [[List of England national football team captains|captain]] [[George Cotterill (footballer)|George Cotterill]] brought England level after 65 minutes. [[Fred Spiksley]] then scored twice in two minutes before completing his hat-trick after 84 minutes, thus enabling England to continue their fine run against the Scots.<ref>{{cite web |title=England 5 Scotland 2 (1 April 1893) |url=http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1872-00/1892-93/M0049Sco1893.html |website=englandfootballonline |access-date=12 July 2018 |date=18 May 2018}}</ref>
As a result, England were the winners of the [[British Home Championship]] for the third consecutive season.
{| class="wikitable"
!Date
!Venue
!Opponents
!Score<nowiki>*</nowiki>
!Comp
!background: "lightblue;"|England scorers
|-
|25 February 1893
|[[Wellington Road (Perry Barr)]], [[Birmingham]] (H)
|{{fb|Ireland}}
|6–1
|BHC
| [[Walter Gilliat]] ([[Old Carthusians F.C.|Old Carthusians]]) (10, 18 & 30 mins), [[G.O. Smith]] ([[Corinthian F.C.|Corinthian]]) (43 mins), [[William Winckworth]] ([[Old Westminsters F.C.|Old Westminsters]]) (60 mins) & [[Rupert Sandilands]] ([[Old Westminsters F.C.|Old Westminsters]]) (75 mins)
|-
|13 March 1893
|[[Victoria Ground (Stoke)|Victoria Ground]], [[Stoke-on-Trent]] (H)
|{{fb|Wales}}
|6–0
|BHC
|[[Fred Spiksley]] ([[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]]) (25, 43 & 88 mins), [[Billy Bassett]] ([[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]) (47 mins), [[John Goodall]] ([[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]]) (49 mins) & [[Jack Reynolds (1869-1917)|Jack Reynolds]] ([[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]) (75 mins)
|-
|1 April 1893
|[[Richmond Athletic Ground]], [[London]] (H)
|{{fb|Scotland}}
|5–2
|BHC
|[[R. Cunliffe Gosling]] ([[Old Etonians F.C.|Old Etonians]]) (15 mins), [[George Cotterill (footballer)|George Cotterill]] ([[Old Brightonians F.C.|Old Brightonians]]) (65 mins) & [[Fred Spiksley]] ([[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]]) (78, 80 & 84 mins)
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> England score given first
'''Key'''
* H = Home match
* BHC = [[British Home Championship]]
==Honours==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="width:15em"|Competition!!style="width:15em"|Winner
|-
|[[1892–93 Football League|First Division]]||[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] (2*)
|-
|[[1892–93 Football League|Second Division]]||[[Birmingham City F.C.|Small Heath]]
|-
|[[FA Cup Final 1893|FA Cup]]||[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]] (1)
|-
|[[1893 British Home Championship|Home Championship]]||{{fb|ENG}}
|}
<small>Notes = Number in parentheses is the times that club has won that honour. * indicates new record for competition</small>
==League table==
===[[Football League First Division|First Division]]===
{{main|1892–93 Football League#First Division}}
{{:1892–93 Football League|transcludesection=First Division|only_totals=y}}
===[[Football League Second Division|Second Division]]===
{{main|1892–93 Football League#Second Division}}
{{:1892–93 Football League|transcludesection=Second Division|only_totals=y}}
===Test Match Results===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
|-
!Home Team
!Score
!Away Team
!Notes
|-
|[[Birmingham City|Small Heath]]
|1–1
|[[Manchester United|Newton Heath]]
|
|-
|'''[[Manchester United|Newton Heath]]'''
|'''5'''–2
|[[Birmingham City|Small Heath]]
|Replay. <small>Newton Heath and Small Heath remain in their respective divisions.</small>
|-
|'''[[Darwen]]'''
|'''3'''–2
|[[Notts County]]
|<small>Darwen promoted, Notts County relegated</small>
|-
|'''[[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]]'''
|'''1'''–0
|[[Accrington]]
|<small>Sheffield United promoted, Accrington resign from Football League</small>
|}
==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
{{More footnotes needed|date=April 2009}}
*[http://www.englandstats.com/matchreport.php?mid=47 Details of England v Ireland game]
*[http://www.englandstats.com/matchreport.php?mid=48 Details of England v Wales game]
*[http://www.englandstats.com/matchreport.php?mid=49 Details of England v Scotland game]
*[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bhc1884-99.html British Home Championship results on RSSSF]
{{English football seasons|1892}}
{{1892–93 in English football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1892-93 in English football}}
[[Category:1892–93 in English football| ]]
| 1,275,561,070 |
[{"title": "Football in England", "data": {"Season": "1892\u201393"}}, {"title": "Men's football", "data": {"First Division": "Sunderland", "Second Division": "Small Heath", "FA Cup": "Wolverhampton Wanderers"}}]
| false |
# 1893–94 Hibernian F.C. season
During the 1893–94 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, finished first out of 10 clubs in the Scottish Second Division.
## Scottish Second Division
| Match Day | Date | Opponent | H/A | Score | Hibernian Scorer(s) | Attendance |
| --------- | ------------ | --------------------- | --- | ----- | ------------------- | ---------- |
| 1 | 19 August | Thistle | A | 2–1 | | 500 |
| 2 | 26 August | Morton | H | 9–2 | | 1,000 |
| 3 | 9 September | Clyde | A | 4–0 | | 3,000 |
| 4 | 16 September | Abercorn | H | 7–2 | | 3,000 |
| 5 | 30 September | Northern | A | 2–2 | | 1,000 |
| 6 | 7 October | Cowlairs | H | 3–4 | | |
| 7 | 21 October | Port Glasgow Athletic | A | 3–3 | | |
| 8 | 4 November | Thistle | H | 4–0 | | 1,000 |
| 9 | 25 November | Motherwell | H | 8–2 | | 2,000 |
| 10 | 2 December | Morton | A | 1–0 | | |
| 11 | 3 February | Partick Thistle | H | 6–1 | | 4,000 |
| 12 | 3 March | Abercorn | A | 3–3 | | 1,000 |
| 13 | 10 March | Clyde | H | 4–3 | | 3,000 |
| 14 | 17 March | Cowlairs | A | 3–2 | | 2,000 |
| 15 | 31 March | Partick Thistle | A | 7–1 | | |
| 16 | 7 April | Northern | H | 6–0 | | 500 |
| 17 | 14 April | Motherwell | A | 1–2 | | 5,000 |
| 18 | 19 May | Port Glasgow Athletic | H | 10–1 | | |
### Final League table
| P | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| - | --------- | --- | -- | - | - | -- | -- | -- | --- |
| 1 | Hibernian | 18 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 83 | 29 | 53 | 29 |
| 2 | Cowlairs | 18 | 13 | 1 | 4 | 72 | 32 | 40 | 27 |
| 3 | Clyde | 18 | 11 | 2 | 5 | 51 | 36 | 15 | 24 |
### Scottish Cup
| Round | Date | Opponent | H/A | Score | Hibernian Scorer(s) | Attendance |
| ----- | ------------ | ------------- | --- | ----- | ------------------- | ---------- |
| PR1 | 2 September | Cowdenbeath | A | 1–0 | | |
| PR2 | 23 September | Broxburn | H | 5–0 | | |
| PR3 | 14 October | Vale of Leven | A | 0–1 | | |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{infobox football club season
| club = [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]]
| season = 1893–94
| chairman =
| league = Scottish Second Division
| league result = [[1893–94 Scottish Second Division|1st]]
| cup1 = Scottish Cup
| cup1 result = [[1893–94 Scottish Cup|3rd Preliminary Round]]
| league topscorer =
| season topscorer =
| prevseason = [[1892–93 Hibernian F.C. season|1892–93]]
| nextseason = [[1894–95 Hibernian F.C. season|1894–95]]
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance = 13,721<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/hibs/club_records_league_attendance.php |title=Average Home League Game Attendances |work=www.fitbastats.com |access-date=4 November 2013}}</ref> (down 618)
}}
During the 1893–94 season [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]], a [[association football|football]] club based in [[Edinburgh]], finished first out of 10 clubs in the [[Scottish Second Division]].
==Scottish Second Division==
{{main article|1893–94 Scottish Second Division}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Match Day
! Date
! Opponent
! H/A
! Score
! Hibernian Scorer(s)
! Attendance
|-bgcolor=#EEFFEE
|1
|align=left|19 August
|align=left|[[Thistle F.C.|Thistle]]
|[[Braehead Park|A]]
|2–1
|align=left|
|500
|-bgcolor=#EEFFEE
|2
|align=left|26 August
|align=left|[[Morton F.C.|Morton]]
|[[Easter Road|H]]
|9–2
|align=left|
|1,000
|-bgcolor=#EEFFEE
|3
|align=left|9 September
|align=left|[[Clyde F.C.|Clyde]]
|[[Barrowfield Park|A]]
|4–0
|align=left|
|3,000
|-bgcolor=#EEFFEE
|4
|align=left|16 September
|align=left|[[Abercorn F.C.|Abercorn]]
|[[Easter Road|H]]
|7–2
|align=left|
|3,000
|-bgcolor=#FFFFDD
|5
|align=left|30 September
|align=left|[[Northern F.C.|Northern]]
|[[Hyde Park, Glasgow|A]]
|2–2
|align=left|
|1,000
|-bgcolor=#FFCCCC
|6
|align=left|7 October
|align=left|[[Cowlairs F.C.|Cowlairs]]
|[[Easter Road|H]]
|3–4
|align=left|
|
|-bgcolor=#FFFFDD
|7
|align=left|21 October
|align=left|[[Port Glasgow Athletic F.C.|Port Glasgow Athletic]]
|[[Clune Park|A]]
|3–3
|align=left|
|
|-bgcolor=#EEFFEE
|8
|align=left|4 November
|align=left|[[Thistle F.C.|Thistle]]
|[[Easter Road|H]]
|4–0
|align=left|
|1,000
|-bgcolor=#EEFFEE
|9
|align=left|25 November
|align=left|[[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]]
|[[Easter Road|H]]
|8–2
|align=left|
|2,000
|-bgcolor=#EEFFEE
|10
|align=left|2 December
|align=left|[[Morton F.C.|Morton]]
|[[Cappielow Park|A]]
|1–0
|align=left|
|
|-bgcolor=#EEFFEE
|11
|align=left|3 February
|align=left|[[Partick Thistle F.C.|Partick Thistle]]
|[[Easter Road|H]]
|6–1
|align=left|
|4,000
|-bgcolor=#FFFFDD
|12
|align=left|3 March
|align=left|[[Abercorn F.C.|Abercorn]]
|[[Underwood Park (Paisley)|A]]
|3–3
|align=left|
|1,000
|-bgcolor=#EEFFEE
|13
|align=left|10 March
|align=left|[[Clyde F.C.|Clyde]]
|[[Easter Road|H]]
|4–3
|align=left|
|3,000
|-bgcolor=#EEFFEE
|14
|align=left|17 March
|align=left|[[Cowlairs F.C.|Cowlairs]]
|[[Springvale Park|A]]
|3–2
|align=left|
|2,000
|-bgcolor=#EEFFEE
|15
|align=left|31 March
|align=left|[[Partick Thistle F.C.|Partick Thistle]]
|[[Meadowside|A]]
|7–1
|align=left|
|
|-bgcolor=#EEFFEE
|16
|align=left|7 April
|align=left|[[Northern F.C.|Northern]]
|[[Easter Road|H]]
|6–0
|align=left|
|500
|-bgcolor=#FFCCCC
|17
|align=left|14 April
|align=left|[[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]]
|[[Dalziel Park (stadium)|A]]
|1–2
|align=left|
|5,000
|-bgcolor=#EEFFEE
|18
|align=left|19 May
|align=left|[[Port Glasgow Athletic F.C.|Port Glasgow Athletic]]
|[[Easter Road|H]]
|10–1
|align=left|
|
|}
===Final League table===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!width=30|P
!width=140|Team
!width=30|Pld
!width=30|W
!width=30|D
!width=30|L
!width=30|GF
!width=30|GA
!width=30|GD
!width=30|Pts
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
|1
|align=left|[[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]]
|18
|13
|3
|2
|83
|29
|53
|'''29'''
|-
|2
|align=left|[[Cowlairs F.C.|Cowlairs]]
|18
|13
|1
|4
|72
|32
|40
|'''27'''
|-
|3
|align=left|[[Clyde F.C.|Clyde]]
|18
|11
|2
|5
|51
|36
|15
|'''24'''
|}
===Scottish Cup===
{{main article|1893-94 Scottish Cup}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Round
! Date
! Opponent
! H/A
! Score
! Hibernian Scorer(s)
! Attendance
|-bgcolor=#EEFFEE
|PR1
|align=left|2 September
|align=left|[[Cowdenbeath F.C.|Cowdenbeath]]
|[[North End Park|A]]
|1–0
|align=left|
|
|-bgcolor=#EEFFEE
|PR2
|align=left|23 September
|align=left|[[Broxburn F.C.|Broxburn]]
|[[Easter Road|H]]
|5–0
|align=left|
|
|-bgcolor=#FFCCCC
|PR3
|align=left|14 October
|align=left|[[Vale of Leven F.C.|Vale of Leven]]
|[[Millburn Park|A]]
|0–1
|align=left|
|
|}
==See also==
*[[List of Hibernian F.C. seasons]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?team_id=1227&teamTabs=results Hibernian 1893/1894 results and fixtures], [[Soccerbase]]
{{Hibernian F.C. seasons}}
{{1893–94 in Scottish football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1893-94 Hibernian F.C. season}}
[[Category:Hibernian F.C. seasons]]
[[Category:Scottish football clubs 1893–94 season|Hibernian]]
| 1,081,541,919 |
[{"title": "Hibernian", "data": {"Scottish Second Division": "1st", "Scottish Cup": "3rd Preliminary Round", "Average home league attendance": "13,721 (down 618)"}}]
| false |
# 100th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment
The 100th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (Russian: 100-й гвардейский истребительный авиационный полк) as a fighter regiment (IAP) of the Soviet Air Force during World War II and the early years of the Cold War.
It was formed as the 45th Fighter Aviation Regiment in 1938 and served in the Transcaucasian Military District, participating in the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran. Sent to Crimea to fight in the Battle of the Kerch Peninsula, it suffered heavy losses.
## Prewar
The 45th Fighter Aviation Regiment was formed on 1 April 1938 at Baku in the Transcaucasian Military District from the 120th Separate Fighter Aviation Squadron. The latter was formed between 10 July and 19 August 1932 in Baku as the 14th Fighter Aviation Squadron, and redesignated the 120th Separate Fighter Aviation Squadron in March 1933. The regiment was equipped with Polikarpov I-16 and I-15bis fighters, and formed part of the 60th Aviation Brigade of the Air Forces (VVS) of the Transcaucasian Military District. Major Ibrahim Dzusov, later promoted to lieutenant colonel, commanded the regiment from 25 April 1939. It was re-equipped with more modern Yakovlev Yak-1 fighters in May 1941, and after the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, in June, the regiment was reorganized to a structure that included three aviation squadrons and a total of 32 combat aircraft from its prewar structure of four squadrons with 63 combat aircraft as combat losses reduced the size of fighter regiments.
## World War II
With the VVS of the district, the 45th IAP participated in the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran from 25 August and remained as part of the Soviet occupation forces in northern Iran until 22 October. Returning from Iran later that month, it became part of the 8th Fighter Aviation Corps (IAK) of the Air Defense Forces. The regiment was transferred to the front on 9 January 1942 and on the next day entered combat over Crimea as part of the 72nd Fighter Aviation Division (IAD) of the VVS Crimean Front. Lieutenant Vasily Sharenko was credited with the regiment's first known victory on 29 January when he claimed a Heinkel He 111 bomber in an air battle over Bagerovo. With the 72nd IAD, the regiment flew 1,087 sorties with the loss of 27 aircraft and 6 pilots. Following the destruction of the Crimean Front, the regiment was transferred to the 236th IAD of the VVS North Caucasian Front on 12 May, with which it flew 109 sorties without loss.
As a result of its losses in Crimea, the regiment received nine pilots and twelve Yak-1s from the 237th IAP, and left the front for rebuilding. From 10 June, the regiment was operationally controlled by the commander of the Sevastopol Defense Region of the VVS Black Sea Fleet during the Siege of Sevastopol. During the siege, the regiment flew 168 sorties, losing eight aircraft and two pilots. During the month, the regiment was reorganized to include two squadrons with a total of twenty aircraft. As Sevastopol fell, the regiment was returned to the 236th IAD on 28 June, now part of the 5th Air Army of the North Caucasian Front, with which it flew sixty sorties without loss. The regiment was transferred to the 230th Assault Aviation Division of the 4th Air Army of the Southern Front on 11 July and to the 216th IAD of the same air army (now part of the Northern Group of Forces of the Transcaucasian Front) on 26 July. The regiment flew 274 sorties and lost three aircraft with the 230th, while it flew 756 sorties with the loss of eleven aircraft and four pilots with the 216th IAD.
The regiment was pulled out of combat and sent to the 25th Reserve IAP at Adzhikabul on 20 September for rebuilding. It was reorganized there in December to include three squadrons with a total of 32 combat aircraft, and retrained on the American Lend-Lease P-39 Airacobra and P-40 Kittyhawk fighters until 20 February. Two squadrons received the Airacobra and the remaining squadron the Kittyhawk. The 45th reentered combat on 26 February as part of the 216th Mixed Aviation Division (the former 216th IAD), still part of the 4th Air Army of the North Caucasian Front. It operationally used the Kittyhawks during March and April and in August handed them over to PVO units. Dzusov was promoted to command the 216th Division on 17 May and replaced by Major Borey Sayfutdinov. For its "exemplary performance of combat missions and demonstrated courage and heroism", the regiment became the 100th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (GIAP), an elite Guards unit, on 17 June. At the same time, the 216th became the 9th Guards IAD (GIAD), which the regiment served with for the rest of the war. With the North Caucasian Front, the regiment flew 1,010 sorties with the loss of sixteen aircraft and twelve pilots.
With the 9th GIAD, the regiment transferred to the 8th Air Army on 1 August and flew combat missions with it as part of the Southern Front (the 4th Ukrainian Front from 20 October). With the division, the 100th GIAP was operationally subordinated to the 17th Air Army of the Southwestern Front between 15 and 21 August and relocated to the 17th Air Army area of operations. Sayfutdinov was replaced by Major Sergey Lukyanov on 2 October; Lukyanov commanded the regiment for the rest of the war, and was promoted to lieutenant colonel and made a Hero of the Soviet Union. With the Southern and 4th Ukrainian Fronts, the regiment flew 2,153 sorties with the loss of 21 aircraft and eleven pilots. The regiment and its division were withdrawn to the Reserve of the Supreme High Command (RVGK) on 11 January 1944 to receive replacement personnel and aircraft. While in reserve, the regiment was reorganized to include three squadrons with a total of forty combat aircraft.
The 100th GIAP and its division returned to the front on 7 May, part of the 5th Air Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front although operationally subordinated to the 7th IAK of the RVGK. With the 2nd Ukrainian Front, the 100th GIAP flew 476 sorties with the loss of nine aircraft and seven pilots. The regiment and its division were transferred as part of the 7th IAK to the 8th Air Army, now part of the 1st Ukrainian Front, on 8 July. With the corps and its division, the regiment was shifted to the 2nd Air Army of the front on 31 July, and on 27 October the corps became the 6th Guards IAK of the RVGK. For its contribution to the capture of Częstochowa, Przedbórz, and Radom during the Sandomierz–Silesian Offensive, the regiment was awarded the name of Chenstokhov (the Russian name of Częstochowa) as an honorific on 19 February 1945. With the 1st Ukrainian Front, the 100th GIAP flew 2,130 sorties with the loss of nine aircraft and three pilots. Ending the war with the 9th GIAD on 11 May, the regiment received the Order of Alexander Nevsky on 26 May for its "exemplary performance of combat missions and demonstrated courage and heroism" in the breakthrough on the Neisse and the capture of Cottbus, Lübben, Zossen, Beelitz, Luckenwalde, Treuenbrietzen, Zahna, Marienfelde, Trebbin, Rangsdorf, Dietersdorf, and Keltow. On 4 June it was further decorated with the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, 2nd class, for its actions in the elimination of the Halbe pocket.
The regiment flew 2,454 sorties in 1942, 3,158 in 1943, 1,300 in 1944, and 1,311 in 1945. It reported the destruction of a hundred aircraft in 1942, 211 in 1943, 95 in 1944, and 41 in 1945. The regiment lost 49 aircraft on operations in 1942, 37 in 1943, sixteen in 1944, and two in 1945. In addition, eighteen aircraft were lost for non-operational reasons. Of the lost aircraft, fifty were Yak-1s, two were Kittyhawks, and seventy were Airacobras. Of 61 pilots lost during the war to all causes, most were in 1942 and 1943.
## Postwar
Between May and June 1945, the regiment was based at Riesa-Canitz airfield with the division. The regiment relocated with the 6th GIAK to Austria on 7 June, joining the 2nd Air Army as part of the Central Group of Forces; it was based at Absdorf-Eisenstadt airfield. While in Austria, the regiment was re-equipped with the P-63 Kingcobra in 1946. The 100th GIAP was renumbered as the 789th, its division as the 237th GIAD, and the 2nd Air Army as the 59th Air Army on 10 January 1949 when the Soviet Air Force renumbered its units. At the time, it was based at Trausdorf. It was retrained on the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 jet fighter between March and December 1951.
With the division, it was relocated from Austria to Kaliningrad Oblast, where it became part of Soviet Naval Aviation in October 1952. The division was assigned to the VVS of the 4th Fleet on 25 April 1953, and in 1956 joined the VVS of the reunified Baltic Fleet. The 789th GIAP was relocated with its division to Murmansk Oblast in March 1958, where it became part of the VVS of the Northern Fleet. It was disbanded in mid-1960 during reductions of fighter units.
### Citations
1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bykov & Anokhin 2014, p. 178.
2. ↑ Bykov & Anokhin 2014, pp. 924–927.
3. ↑ Bykov & Anokhin 2014, p. 174.
4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Bykov & Anokhin 2014, p. 176.
5. 1 2 3 4 5 Bykov & Anokhin 2014, p. 175.
6. ↑ Bykov & Anokhin 2014, pp. 928–929.
7. ↑ Bykov & Anokhin 2014, pp. 930–931.
8. ↑ Bykov & Anokhin 2014, pp. 931–933.
9. ↑ Bykov & Anokhin 2014, p. 177.
10. ↑ Freundt & Büttner 2007, p. 200.
11. ↑ Bykov & Anokhin 2014, p. 179.
### Bibliography
- Bykov, Mikhail; Anokhin, Vladimir (2014). Все истребительные авиаполки Сталина. Первая полная энциклопедия [All Fighter Aviation Regiments of Stalin. The First Complete Encyclopedia] (in Russian). Moscow: Yauza. ISBN 9785457567276.
- Freundt, Lutz; Büttner, Stefan (2007). Rote Plätze: Russische Militärflugplätze in Deutschland 1945-1994 [Red Fields: Russian military airfields in Germany, 1945–1994] (in German). Berlin: AeroLit. ISBN 978-3-935525-11-4.
|
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| 61,468,467 |
100th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100th_Guards_Fighter_Aviation_Regiment
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2024-11-07T15:07:05Z
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en
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Q16158758
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{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = {{plainlist|
*45th Fighter Aviation Regiment (1938–1943)
*100th Guards Mixed Aviation Regiment (1943–1949)
*789th Fighter Aviation Regiment (1949–1960)
}}
| dates = 1938–1960
| country = Soviet Union
| branch = {{plainlist|
*[[Soviet Air Forces]]
*[[Soviet Naval Aviation]]
}}
| type = [[Aviation regiment (Soviet Union)|Aviation regiment]]
| garrison =
| battles = [[World War II]]
| decorations = {{plainlist|
*{{OrderKhmelnitsky2ndClass}} 2nd class
*{{OrderAlexanderNevsky}}
}}
| battle_honours = [[Chenstokhov]]
| battle_honours_label = Honorifics
}}The '''100th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment''' ({{Langx|ru|100-й гвардейский истребительный авиационный полк}}) as a [[Fighter aircraft|fighter]] [[Aviation regiment (Soviet Union)|regiment]] (IAP) of the [[Soviet Air Forces|Soviet Air Force]] during [[World War II]] and the early years of the [[Cold War]].
It was formed as the '''45th Fighter Aviation Regiment''' in 1938 and served in the [[Transcaucasian Military District]], participating in the [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]]. Sent to Crimea to fight in the [[Battle of the Kerch Peninsula]], it suffered heavy losses.
== Prewar ==
The 45th Fighter Aviation Regiment was formed on 1 April 1938 at [[Baku]] in the [[Transcaucasian Military District]] from the 120th Separate Fighter Aviation Squadron. The latter was formed between 10 July and 19 August 1932 in Baku as the 14th Fighter Aviation Squadron, and redesignated the 120th Separate Fighter Aviation Squadron in March 1933. The regiment was equipped with [[Polikarpov I-16]] and [[Polikarpov I-15bis|I-15bis]] fighters, and formed part of the 60th Aviation Brigade of the Air Forces (VVS) of the Transcaucasian Military District. Major [[Ibrahim Dzusov]], later promoted to lieutenant colonel, commanded the regiment from 25 April 1939.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=178}} It was re-equipped with more modern [[Yakovlev Yak-1]] fighters in May 1941, and after the beginning of [[Operation Barbarossa]], the German invasion of the Soviet Union, in June, the regiment was reorganized to a structure that included three aviation squadrons and a total of 32 combat aircraft from its prewar structure of four squadrons with 63 combat aircraft as combat losses reduced the size of fighter regiments.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=|pp=924–927}}{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=174}}
== World War II ==
With the VVS of the district, the 45th IAP participated in the [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]] from 25 August and remained as part of the Soviet occupation forces in northern Iran until 22 October. Returning from Iran later that month, it became part of the [[8th Fighter Aviation Corps PVO|8th Fighter Aviation Corps (IAK) of the Air Defense Forces]]. The regiment was transferred to the front on 9 January 1942 and on the next day entered combat over Crimea as part of the [[72nd Fighter Aviation Division]] (IAD) of the VVS [[Crimean Front]]. Lieutenant [[Vasily Sharenko]] was credited with the regiment's first known victory on 29 January when he claimed a [[Heinkel He 111]] bomber in an air battle over [[Bagerovo]]. With the 72nd IAD, the regiment flew 1,087 sorties with the loss of 27 aircraft and 6 pilots.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=176}} Following the destruction of the Crimean Front, the regiment was transferred to the [[236th Fighter Aviation Division|236th IAD]] of the VVS [[North Caucasian Front]] on 12 May,{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=175}} with which it flew 109 sorties without loss.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=176}}
As a result of its losses in Crimea, the regiment received nine pilots and twelve Yak-1s from the [[237th Fighter Aviation Regiment|237th IAP]], and left the front for rebuilding. From 10 June, the regiment was operationally controlled by the commander of the [[Sevastopol Defense Region]] of the VVS [[Black Sea Fleet]] during the [[Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)|Siege of Sevastopol]]. During the siege, the regiment flew 168 sorties, losing eight aircraft and two pilots.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=176}} During the month, the regiment was reorganized to include two squadrons with a total of twenty aircraft.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=|pp=928–929}} As Sevastopol fell, the regiment was returned to the 236th IAD on 28 June, now part of the [[5th Air Army]] of the North Caucasian Front, with which it flew sixty sorties without loss. The regiment was transferred to the [[230th Assault Aviation Division]] of the [[4th Air Army]] of the [[Southern Front (Soviet Union)|Southern Front]] on 11 July and to the [[216th Fighter Aviation Division|216th IAD]] of the same air army (now part of the Northern Group of Forces of the Transcaucasian Front) on 26 July.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=175}} The regiment flew 274 sorties and lost three aircraft with the 230th, while it flew 756 sorties with the loss of eleven aircraft and four pilots with the 216th IAD.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=176}}
The regiment was pulled out of combat and sent to the 25th Reserve IAP at [[Adzhikabul]] on 20 September for rebuilding. It was reorganized there in December to include three squadrons with a total of 32 combat aircraft,{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=|pp=930–931}} and retrained on the American [[Lend-Lease]] [[P-39 Airacobra]] and [[P-40 Kittyhawk]] fighters until 20 February. Two squadrons received the Airacobra and the remaining squadron the Kittyhawk. The 45th reentered combat on 26 February as part of the 216th Mixed Aviation Division (the former 216th IAD), still part of the 4th Air Army of the North Caucasian Front. It operationally used the Kittyhawks during March and April and in August handed them over to PVO units. Dzusov was promoted to command the 216th Division on 17 May and replaced by Major Borey Sayfutdinov.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=178}} For its "exemplary performance of combat missions and demonstrated courage and heroism", the regiment became the 100th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (GIAP), an elite [[Guards unit]], on 17 June. At the same time, the 216th became the 9th Guards IAD (GIAD), which the regiment served with for the rest of the war.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=175}} With the North Caucasian Front, the regiment flew 1,010 sorties with the loss of sixteen aircraft and twelve pilots.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=176}}
[[File:Bell P-39N Airacobra, Russia - Air Force AN2263404.jpg|thumb|Airacobra of the type flown by the regiment during the later years of World War II]]
With the 9th GIAD, the regiment transferred to the [[8th Air Army]] on 1 August and flew combat missions with it as part of the Southern Front (the [[4th Ukrainian Front]] from 20 October). With the division, the 100th GIAP was operationally subordinated to the [[17th Air Army]] of the [[Southwestern Front (Soviet Union)|Southwestern Front]] between 15 and 21 August and relocated to the 17th Air Army area of operations. Sayfutdinov was replaced by Major [[Sergey Lukyanov (pilot)|Sergey Lukyanov]] on 2 October; Lukyanov commanded the regiment for the rest of the war, and was promoted to lieutenant colonel and made a [[Hero of the Soviet Union]].{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=178}} With the Southern and 4th Ukrainian Fronts, the regiment flew 2,153 sorties with the loss of 21 aircraft and eleven pilots.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=176}} The regiment and its division were withdrawn to the [[Reserve of the Supreme High Command]] (RVGK) on 11 January 1944 to receive replacement personnel and aircraft. While in reserve, the regiment was reorganized to include three squadrons with a total of forty combat aircraft.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=|pp=931–933}}{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=175}}
The 100th GIAP and its division returned to the front on 7 May, part of the [[5th Air Army]] of the [[2nd Ukrainian Front]] although operationally subordinated to the [[7th Fighter Aviation Corps|7th IAK]] of the RVGK.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=175}} With the 2nd Ukrainian Front, the 100th GIAP flew 476 sorties with the loss of nine aircraft and seven pilots.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=176}} The regiment and its division were transferred as part of the 7th IAK to the 8th Air Army, now part of the [[1st Ukrainian Front]], on 8 July. With the corps and its division, the regiment was shifted to the [[2nd Air Army]] of the front on 31 July, and on 27 October the corps became the 6th Guards IAK of the RVGK. For its contribution to the capture of [[Częstochowa]], [[Przedbórz]], and [[Radom]] during the [[Sandomierz–Silesian Offensive]], the regiment was awarded the name of Chenstokhov (the Russian name of Częstochowa) as an honorific on 19 February 1945. With the 1st Ukrainian Front, the 100th GIAP flew 2,130 sorties with the loss of nine aircraft and three pilots.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=176}} Ending the war with the 9th GIAD on 11 May, the regiment received the [[Order of Alexander Nevsky]] on 26 May for its "exemplary performance of combat missions and demonstrated courage and heroism" in the breakthrough on the [[Neisse]] and the capture of [[Cottbus]], [[Lübben (Spreewald)|Lübben]], [[Zossen]], [[Beelitz]], [[Luckenwalde]], [[Treuenbrietzen]], [[Zahna]], [[Marienfelde]], [[Trebbin]], [[Rangsdorf]], [[Dietersdorf]], and Keltow. On 4 June it was further decorated with the [[Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky (Soviet Union)|Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky]], 2nd class, for its actions in the elimination of the [[Halbe pocket]].{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=176}}
The regiment flew 2,454 sorties in 1942, 3,158 in 1943, 1,300 in 1944, and 1,311 in 1945. It reported the destruction of a hundred aircraft in 1942, 211 in 1943, 95 in 1944, and 41 in 1945. The regiment lost 49 aircraft on operations in 1942, 37 in 1943, sixteen in 1944, and two in 1945.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=177}} In addition, eighteen aircraft were lost for non-operational reasons. Of the lost aircraft, fifty were Yak-1s, two were Kittyhawks, and seventy were Airacobras. Of 61 pilots lost during the war to all causes, most were in 1942 and 1943.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=178}}
== Postwar ==
Between May and June 1945, the regiment was based at [[Riesa]]-Canitz airfield with the division.{{Sfn|Freundt|Büttner|2007|p=200}} The regiment relocated with the 6th GIAK to Austria on 7 June, joining the 2nd Air Army as part of the [[Central Group of Forces]]; it was based at [[Absdorf]]-Eisenstadt airfield. While in Austria, the regiment was re-equipped with the [[P-63 Kingcobra]] in 1946. The 100th GIAP was renumbered as the 789th, its division as the 237th GIAD, and the 2nd Air Army as the 59th Air Army on 10 January 1949 when the Soviet Air Force renumbered its units. At the time, it was based at [[Trausdorf Airport|Trausdorf]]. It was retrained on the [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15]] jet fighter between March and December 1951.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=178}}
With the division, it was relocated from Austria to [[Kaliningrad Oblast]], where it became part of [[Soviet Naval Aviation]] in October 1952.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=178}} The division was assigned to the VVS of the 4th Fleet on 25 April 1953, and in 1956 joined the VVS of the reunified [[Baltic Fleet]]. The 789th GIAP was relocated with its division to [[Murmansk Oblast]] in March 1958, where it became part of the VVS of the [[Northern Fleet]]. It was disbanded in mid-1960 during reductions of fighter units.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|p=179}}
== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}
=== Bibliography ===
* {{Cite book|title=Все истребительные авиаполки Сталина. Первая полная энциклопедия|last=Bykov|first=Mikhail|last2=Anokhin|first2=Vladimir|date=2014|publisher=Yauza|isbn=9785457567276|location=Moscow|language=ru|trans-title=All Fighter Aviation Regiments of Stalin. The First Complete Encyclopedia}}
*{{Cite book|title=Rote Plätze: Russische Militärflugplätze in Deutschland 1945-1994|last=Freundt|first=Lutz|last2=Büttner|first2=Stefan|publisher=AeroLit|year=2007|isbn=978-3-935525-11-4|location=Berlin|language=de|trans-title=Red Fields: Russian military airfields in Germany, 1945–1994}}
[[Category:Fighter regiments of the Soviet Air Forces]]
[[Category:Fighter aviation regiments of the Soviet Union in World War II]]
| 1,255,970,836 |
[{"title": "- 45th Fighter Aviation Regiment (1938\u20131943) - 100th Guards Mixed Aviation Regiment (1943\u20131949) - 789th Fighter Aviation Regiment (1949\u20131960)", "data": {"Active": "1938\u20131960", "Country": "Soviet Union", "Branch": "- Soviet Air Forces - Soviet Naval Aviation", "Type": "Aviation regiment", "Engagements": "World War II", "Decorations": "- Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky 2nd class - Order of Alexander Nevsky", "Honorifics": "Chenstokhov"}}]
| false |
# 120th New York Infantry Regiment
The 120th New York Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
## Service
The 120th New York Infantry was organized at Kingston, New York, and mustered in for three years service on August 22, 1862, under the command of Colonel George Henry Sharpe.
The 120th New York Infantry mustered out of service June 3, 1865. Veterans and recruits whose enlistments had not expired were transferred to the 73rd New York Infantry.
## Affiliations, battle honors, detailed service, and casualties
### Organizational affiliation
The regiment was attached to the following brigades:
- Whipple's Brigade, Defenses of Washington, D.C., to October 1862
- 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, III Corps, Army of the Potomac, to December 1862
- 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, III Corps, to March 1864
- 2nd Brigade, 4th Division, II Corps, Army of the Potomac, to May 1864
- 4th Brigade, 3rd Division, II Corps, to July 1864
- 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, II Corps, to June 1865.[1]
### List of battles
The official list of battles in which the regiment bore a part:
- Battle of Fredericksburg
- Battle of Chancellorsville
- Battle of Gettysburg
- Bristoe Campaign
- Mine Run Campaign
- Battle of the Wilderness
- Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
- Battle of Cold Harbor
- Siege of Petersburg
- Second Battle of Petersburg
- Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road
- Second Battle of Deep Bottom
- Battle of Boydton Plank Road
- Battle of Fort Stedman
- Appomattox Campaign
- Battle of White Oak Road
- Battle of Sailor's Creek
- Battle of High Bridge
- Battle of Appomattox Court House
### Detailed service
#### 1862[1]
- Left New York for Washington, D.C., August 24, 1862.
- Duty in the defenses of Washington, D. C., until November 1862.
- At Fairfax Station, Virginia, until November 25.
- Operations on the Orange & Alexandria Railroad November 10–12.
- Rappahannock Campaign December 1862 to June 1863.
- Battle of Fredericksburg, December 12–15, 1862.
- At Falmouth, Virginia, until April 1863.
#### 1863[1]
- "Mud March" January 20–24.
- Operations at Rappahannock Bridge and Grove Church February 5–7.
- Chancellorsville Campaign April 27 – May 6.
- Battle of Chancellorsville May 1–5.
- Gettysburg Campaign June 11 – July 24.
- Battle of Gettysburg July 1–3.
- Pursuit of the army led by Robert E. Lee to Manassas Gap, Virginia, July 5–24.
- Wapping Heights July 23.
- Duty on line of the Rappahannock and Rapidan until October.
- Advance from the Rappahannock to the Rapidan September 13–17.
- Bristoe Campaign October 8–22.
- James City October 8, 9 and 10.
- Russell's Ford, Robertson's River, and Bethesda Church October 10.
- Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7–8.
- Kelly's Ford November 7.
- Mine Run Campaign November 26 – December 2.
- Payne's Farm November 27.
- Mine Run November 28–30.
- Duty near Brandy Station until May 1864.
#### 1864[1]
- Demonstration on the Rapidan February 6–7.
- Campaign from the Rapidan to the James May 3 – June 15.
- Battle of the Wilderness May 5–7,
- Laurel Hill May 8,
- Spotsylvania May 8–12,
- Spotsylvania Court House May 12–21.
- Assault on the Salient or "Bloody Angle" May 12.
- Harris Farm or Fredericksburg Road May 19.
- North Anna River May 23–26.
- On line of the Pamunkey May 26–28.
- Totopotomoy May 28–31.
- Cold Harbor June 1–12.
- Before Petersburg June 16–18.
- Siege of Petersburg June 16, 1864, to April 2, 1865.
- Jerusalem Plank Road, Weldon Railroad, June 22–23, 1864.
- Demonstration north of the James River, July 27–29.
- Deep Bottom, July 27–28.
- Mine Explosion, Petersburg, July 30 (reserve).
- Demonstration north of the James River, August 13–20.
- Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, August 14–18.
- Poplar Springs Church, September 29 – October 2.
- Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, October 27–28.
- Front of Forts Hascall and Morton November 5.
- Reconnaissance to Hatcher's Run December 9–10.
#### 1865[1]
- Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, February 5–7, 1865.
- Watkins' House March 25.
- Appomattox Campaign March 28 – April 9.
- Boydton and White Oak Roads March 29–31.
- Fall of Petersburg April 2.
- Pursuit of Lee April 3–9.
- Sailor's Creek April 6.
- High Bridge, Farmville, April 7.
- Appomattox Court House April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army.
- At Burkesville until May 2.
- Moved to Washington, D.C., May 2–12.
- Grand Review of the Armies May 23.[5]
## Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 384 men during service: 11 officers and 140 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 3 officers and 179 enlisted men died of disease, and 51 died in Confederate prisons.
## Commanders
- Colonel George Henry Sharpe - commanded until assigned to Army of the Potomac Provost Office and Bureau of Military Information on February 9, 1863
- Lieutenant Colonel Cornelius D. Westbrook - took command on February 9, 1863 when Col. Sharpe was reassigned; Westbrook was wounded in action at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 2, 1863
- Major John R. Tappen - took command on July 2, 1863 when Lt. Col. Westbrook was wounded; Tappen was promoted to Lt. Col. on February 27, 1864 and mustered out on December 3, 1864
- Major Abram L. Lockwood - took command on December 3, 1864 when Lt. Col. Tappen mustered out; Lockwood was promoted to Lt. Col. on December 20, 1864[6]
## Citations
1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Dyer (1908), p. 1452.
2. 1 2 3 4 Dyer (1908), pp. 1452; Federal Publishing Company (1908), pp. 136–137.
3. ↑ Dyer (1908), p. 1452; Phisterer (1912), p. 3410; Van Santvoord (1894), pp. 9–10; Wilber (2013), pp. 62–63.
4. 1 2 NYSMM, (2019).
5. ↑ CWA, New York, 120th Regiment Infantry.
6. ↑ Civil War in the East, 120th New York Volunteer.
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{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 120th New York Infantry Regiment
|image=Flag_of_New_York_(1778-1901).svg
|image_size=250px
|caption=New York flag
|dates=August 22, 1862, to June 3, 1865{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1452}}
|country= [[United States]]
|allegiance= [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
|branch= [[Infantry]]
|notable_commanders=
|motto=
|nickname=Ulster Regiment, Washington Guards
|equipment=<!-- Culture and history -->
|battles='''[[American Civil War]]'''
{{plainlist|
* [[Battle of Fredericksburg]]
* [[Battle of Chancellorsville]]
* [[Battle of Gettysburg]]
* [[Bristoe Campaign]]
* [[Mine Run Campaign]]
* [[Battle of the Wilderness]]
* [[Battle of Spotsylvania Court House]]
* [[Battle of Cold Harbor]]
* [[Siege of Petersburg]]
* [[Second Battle of Petersburg]]
* [[Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road]]
* [[Second Battle of Deep Bottom]]
* [[Battle of Boydton Plank Road]]
* [[Battle of Fort Stedman]]
* [[Appomattox Campaign]]
* [[Battle of White Oak Road]]
* [[Battle of Sailor's Creek]]
* [[Battle of High Bridge]]
* [[Battle of Appomattox Court House]]
}}
<!-- Commanders -->
|commander1=[[George H. Sharpe|George Henry Sharpe]]{{sfnmp|1a1=Dyer|1y=1908|1pp=1452|2a1=Federal Publishing Company|2y=1908|2pp=136-137}}
|commander1_label=[[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]]
|commander2=Cornelius D. Westbrook{{sfnmp|1a1=Dyer|1y=1908|1pp=1452|2a1=Federal Publishing Company|2y=1908|2pp=136-137}}
|commander2_label=[[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|Lieutenant Colonel]]
|commander3=John R. Tappen{{sfnmp|1a1=Dyer|1y=1908|1pp=1452|2a1=Federal Publishing Company|2y=1908|2pp=136-137}}
|commander3_label=Lieutenant Colonel
|commander4=Abram L. Lockwood{{sfnmp|1a1=Dyer|1y=1908|1pp=1452|2a1=Federal Publishing Company|2y=1908|2pp=136-137}}
|commander4_label=Lieutenant Colonel
<!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol=[[File:IIIcorpsbadge2.png|120px]]
| identification_symbol_label=2nd Division, III Corps
| identification_symbol_2=
| identification_symbol_2_label=4th Division, II Corps
| identification_symbol_3=[[File:IIcorpsbadge3.png|120px]]
| identification_symbol_3_label=3rd Division, II Corps
}}
{{Military unit sidebar
| title=New York U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865
| previous=[[119th New York Infantry Regiment]]
| next=[[121st New York Infantry Regiment]]
}}
[[File:120th NY Kingston 1896.jpg|thumb|Dedication of monument in Kingston, NY, October 17, 1896; photo: Friends of Historic Kingston]]
[[File:120th-NY-Inf-01.jpg|thumb|The monument to the 120th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment at Gettysburg]]
The '''120th New York Infantry Regiment''' was an [[infantry]] [[regiment]] in the [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War]].
==Service==
The 120th New York Infantry was organized at [[Kingston, New York|Kingston]], [[New York (state)|New York]],{{sfnmp|1a1=Dyer|1y=1908|1p=1452|2a1=Phisterer|2y=1912|2p=3410|3a1=Van Santvoord|3y=1894|3pp=9-10|4a1=Wilber|4y=2013|4pp=62-63}} and mustered in for three years service on August 22, 1862, under the command of [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] [[George H. Sharpe|George Henry Sharpe]].
The 120th New York Infantry mustered out of service June 3, 1865. Veterans and recruits whose enlistments had not expired were transferred to the [[73rd New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment|73rd New York Infantry]].{{sfnp|NYSMM, (2019)}}
==Affiliations, battle honors, detailed service, and casualties==
===Organizational affiliation===
The regiment was attached to the following brigades:{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1452}}
* Whipple's Brigade, Defenses of Washington, D.C., to October 1862
* 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, [[III Corps (Union Army)|III Corps]], [[Army of the Potomac]], to December 1862
* 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, III Corps, to March 1864
* 2nd Brigade, 4th Division, [[II Corps (Union Army)|II Corps]], Army of the Potomac, to May 1864
* 4th Brigade, 3rd Division, II Corps, to July 1864
* 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, II Corps, to June 1865.{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1452}}
===List of battles===
The official list of battles in which the regiment bore a part:{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1452}}
{{refbegin|40em}}
* [[Battle of Fredericksburg]]
* [[Battle of Chancellorsville]]
* [[Battle of Gettysburg]]
* [[Bristoe Campaign]]
* [[Mine Run Campaign]]
* [[Battle of the Wilderness]]
* [[Battle of Spotsylvania Court House]]
* [[Battle of Cold Harbor]]
* [[Siege of Petersburg]]
* [[Second Battle of Petersburg]]
* [[Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road]]
* [[Second Battle of Deep Bottom]]
* [[Battle of Boydton Plank Road]]
* [[Battle of Fort Stedman]]
* [[Appomattox Campaign]]
* [[Battle of White Oak Road]]
* [[Battle of Sailor's Creek]]
* [[Battle of High Bridge]]
* [[Battle of Appomattox Court House]]{{refend}}
===Detailed service===
{{refbegin|40em}}
==== 1862{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1452}} ====
* Left New York for Washington, D.C., August 24, 1862.
* Duty in the defenses of Washington, D. C., until November 1862.
* At [[Fairfax Station, Virginia]], until November 25.
* Operations on the Orange & Alexandria Railroad November 10–12.
* Rappahannock Campaign December 1862 to June 1863.
* [[Battle of Fredericksburg]], December 12–15, 1862.
* At [[Falmouth, Virginia]], until April 1863.
==== 1863{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1452}} ====
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* "[[Mud March (American Civil War)|Mud March]]" January 20–24.
* Operations at Rappahannock Bridge and Grove Church February 5–7.
* [[Chancellorsville Campaign]] April 27 – May 6.
* Battle of Chancellorsville May 1–5.
* Gettysburg Campaign June 11 – July 24.
* [[Battle of Gettysburg]] July 1–3.
* Pursuit of the army led by [[Robert E. Lee]] to [[Manassas Gap]], Virginia, July 5–24.
* Wapping Heights July 23.
* Duty on line of the Rappahannock and Rapidan until October.
* Advance from the Rappahannock to the Rapidan September 13–17.
* [[Bristoe Campaign]] October 8–22.
* James City October 8, 9 and 10.
* Russell's Ford, Robertson's River, and Bethesda Church October 10.
* Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7–8.
* Kelly's Ford November 7.
* Mine Run Campaign November 26 – December 2.
* Payne's Farm November 27.
* Mine Run November 28–30.
* Duty near Brandy Station until May 1864.
}}
==== 1864{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1452}} ====
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* Demonstration on the Rapidan February 6–7.
* Campaign from the Rapidan to the James May 3 – June 15.
* [[Battle of the Wilderness]] May 5–7,
* Laurel Hill May 8,
* Spotsylvania May 8–12,
* Spotsylvania Court House May 12–21.
* Assault on the Salient or "Bloody Angle" May 12.
* Harris Farm or Fredericksburg Road May 19.
* North Anna River May 23–26.
* On line of the Pamunkey May 26–28.
* Totopotomoy May 28–31.
* Cold Harbor June 1–12.
* Before Petersburg June 16–18.
* Siege of Petersburg June 16, 1864, to April 2, 1865.
* Jerusalem Plank Road, Weldon Railroad, June 22–23, 1864.
* Demonstration north of the James River, July 27–29.
* Deep Bottom, July 27–28.
* Mine Explosion, Petersburg, July 30 (reserve).
* Demonstration north of the James River, August 13–20.
* Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, August 14–18.
* Poplar Springs Church, September 29 – October 2.
* Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, October 27–28.
* Front of Forts Hascall and Morton November 5.
* Reconnaissance to Hatcher's Run December 9–10.
}}
==== 1865{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1452}} ====
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, February 5–7, 1865.
* Watkins' House March 25.
* Appomattox Campaign March 28 – April 9.
* Boydton and White Oak Roads March 29–31.
* Fall of Petersburg April 2.
* Pursuit of Lee April 3–9.
* Sailor's Creek April 6.
* High Bridge, Farmville, April 7.
* Appomattox Court House April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army.
* At Burkesville until May 2.
* Moved to Washington, D.C., May 2–12.
* [[Grand Review of the Armies]] May 23.{{sfnp|CWA, ''New York, 120th Regiment Infantry''}}}}
{{refend}}
==Casualties==
The regiment lost a total of 384 men during service: 11 officers and 140 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 3 officers and 179 enlisted men died of disease, and 51 died in Confederate prisons.{{sfnp|NYSMM, (2019)}}
==Commanders==
* Colonel [[George H. Sharpe|George Henry Sharpe]] - commanded until assigned to Army of the Potomac Provost Office and [[Bureau of Military Information]] on February 9, 1863
* [[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|Lieutenant Colonel]] Cornelius D. Westbrook - took command on February 9, 1863 when Col. Sharpe was reassigned; Westbrook was wounded in action at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 2, 1863
* [[Major (United States)|Major]] John R. Tappen - took command on July 2, 1863 when Lt. Col. Westbrook was wounded; Tappen was promoted to Lt. Col. on February 27, 1864 and mustered out on December 3, 1864
*Major Abram L. Lockwood - took command on December 3, 1864 when Lt. Col. Tappen mustered out; Lockwood was promoted to Lt. Col. on December 20, 1864{{sfnp|Civil War in the East, ''120th New York Volunteer''}}
==See also==
{{Portal|American Civil War|New York (state)}}
* [[List of New York Civil War regiments]]
* [[New York in the Civil War]]
<!-- placeholder
==Footnotes==
{{notelist-lr|40em}}
-->
==Citations==
{{reflist|40em}}
==References==
{{refbegin|50em}}
* {{cite book |last=Dyer |first=Frederick Henry |author-link=Frederick H. Dyer |title=A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion |publisher=Dyer Pub. Co. |place=[[Des Moines, IA]] |date=1908 |asin=B01BUFJ76Q |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OBkNAQAAMAAJ/page/1452/mode/1up?view=theater |format=PDF |access-date=August 8, 2015 |pages=30, 43, 196. 293, 296. 328, 1452}}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book |author=Federal Publishing Company |title=Military Affairs and Regimental Histories of New York, Maryland, West Virginia, And Ohio |publisher=Federal Publishing Company |series=The Union Army: A History of Military Affairs in the Loyal States, 1861–65 – Records of the Regiments in the Union army – Cyclopedia of battles – Memoirs of Commanders and Soldiers. |volume=I |date=1908 |location=[[Madison, WI]] |url=https://archive.org/details/unionarmyhistory02madi/page/n7/mode/2up |oclc=1086145633 |format=PDF |pages=136–137}}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book |last=Phisterer |first=Frederick |author-link=Frederick Phisterer |title=Seventieth Regiment of Infantry - One Hundred and Twenty-Eighth Regiment of Infantry |publisher=J. B. Lyon Company, State Printers |series=New York in the War of Rebellion, 1861-1865 |volume=4 |edition=3rd |date=1912 |location=Albany, NY |pages=3410–3423 |language=en |url=https://archive.org/details/phisterernewyork04fredrich/page/3423/mode/1up |access-date=2023-04-06 |url-access=registration |lccn=14013311 |oclc=1359922 |format=PDF}}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book |last=Van Santvoord |first=Cornelius |title=The One Hundred and Twentieth Regiment New York State Volunteers: A Narrative of Its Services in the War for the Union |publisher=Press of the Kingston Freeman |date=1894 |location=Rondout, NY |pages=1–327 |language=en |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924030911956/page/n8/mode/1up?view=theater |access-date=2020-04-20 |url-access=registration |lccn=04011998 |oclc=5836503 |format=PDF}}
* {{cite book |last=Wilber |first=Eseck G. |editor1-last=Hasenkopf |editor1-first=Sylvia |title=May God in His Mercy Spare Our Lives: The Civil War Letters and Diary of Eseck G. Wilber, Co. K, 120th NYV |publisher=Cairo Historical Society |edition=1st |date=2013 |location=Cairo, NY |pages=62–63 |language=en |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SswIBgAAQBAJ |access-date=2020-04-20 |url-access=subscription |isbn=1-3045-1619-9 |oclc=1354242028 |format=PDF}}
* {{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Union Regimental Histories, New York, 120th Regiment Infantry "Ulster Regiment" "Washington Guard" |url=http://www.civilwararchive.com/Unreghst/unnyinf9.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000823135808/http://www.civilwararchive.com:80/Unreghst/unnyinf9.htm |archive-date=2000-08-23 |access-date=December 17, 2020 |website=Civil War Archive |ref={{harvid|CWA, ''New York, 120th Regiment Infantry''}}}}
* {{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=120th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment |url=https://civilwarintheeast.com/us-regiments-batteries/new-york-infantry/120th-new-york/#:~:text=The%20120th%20New%20York%20Infantry,Tappen%20then%20took%20command. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304212352/http://civilwarintheeast.com/us-regiments-batteries/new-york-infantry/120th-new-york/ |archive-date=2017-03-04 |access-date=December 17, 2020 |website=The Civil War in the East |ref={{harvid|Civil War in the East, ''120th New York Volunteer''}}}}
* {{cite web |title=120th Infantry Regiment: New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center |website=New York Division of Military and Naval Affairs |date=2019 |url=https://dmna.ny.gov/historic/reghist/civil/infantry/120thInf/120thInfMain.htm |ref={{sfnref|NYSMM, (2019)}} |access-date=2020-04-08}}
{{refend}}
==Further reading==
* ''Fiftieth Anniversary of the Muster Into Service of the One Hundred and Twentieth Regiment, N.Y.V. in the War for the Union Celebrated at Kingston, New York, August 22nd, 1912'' (Kingston, NY: Freeman Pub. Co.), 1912.
* Sharpe, George H. & Theodore B. Gates. ''Addresses Delivered at Music Hall, Kingston, at the Seventh Annual Meeting of the 120th Regimental Union'' (Kingston, NY: Daily Freeman Steam Print. House), 1875.
==External links==
* [http://gettysburg.stonesentinels.com/union-monuments/new-york/new-york-infantry/120th-new-york/ 120th New York Infantry monument at Gettysburg]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1862]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1865]]
[[Category:Units and formations of the Union army from New York (state)|Infantry 120]]
[[Category:1862 establishments in New York (state)]]
| 1,272,101,701 |
[{"title": "120th New York Infantry Regiment", "data": {"Active": "August 22, 1862, to June 3, 1865", "Country": "United States", "Allegiance": "Union", "Branch": "Infantry", "Nickname(s)": "Ulster Regiment, Washington Guards", "Engagements": "American Civil War - Battle of Fredericksburg - Battle of Chancellorsville - Battle of Gettysburg - Bristoe Campaign - Mine Run Campaign - Battle of the Wilderness - Battle of Spotsylvania Court House - Battle of Cold Harbor - Siege of Petersburg - Second Battle of Petersburg - Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road - Second Battle of Deep Bottom - Battle of Boydton Plank Road - Battle of Fort Stedman - Appomattox Campaign - Battle of White Oak Road - Battle of Sailor's Creek - Battle of High Bridge - Battle of Appomattox Court House"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Colonel": "George Henry Sharpe", "Lieutenant Colonel": ["Cornelius D. Westbrook", "John R. Tappen", "Abram L. Lockwood"]}}, {"title": "", "data": {"Previous": "Next", "119th New York Infantry Regiment": "121st New York Infantry Regiment"}}]
| false |
# 1910 South Sydney season
The 1910 South Sydney season was the 3rd in the club's history. The club competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League Premiership (NSWRFL), finishing the season as runners-up.
## Ladder
| | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| - | --------------- | --- | -- | - | -- | --- | --- | ---- | --- |
| 1 | Newtown | 14 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 260 | 92 | +170 | 23 |
| 2 | South Sydney | 14 | 11 | 0 | 3 | 326 | 109 | +217 | 22 |
| 3 | Eastern Suburbs | 14 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 248 | 116 | +132 | 20 |
| 4 | Balmain | 14 | 8 | 0 | 6 | 153 | 190 | -37 | 16 |
| 5 | Glebe | 14 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 175 | 194 | -19 | 12 |
| 6 | Annandale | 14 | 5 | 1 | 8 | 145 | 200 | -55 | 11 |
| 7 | North Sydney | 14 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 146 | 283 | -137 | 6 |
| 8 | Western Suburbs | 14 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 115 | 386 | -271 | 2 |
## Fixtures
### Regular season
| Round | Opponent | Result | Score | Date | Venue | Crowd | Ref |
| ----- | --------------- | ------ | ------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ------ | ------ |
| 1 | Balmain | Win | 13 – 5 | Saturday 30 April | Birchgrove Oval | 6,000 | [ 1 ] |
| 2 | Glebe | Win | 10 – 3 | Saturday 14 May | Wentworth Park | 2,000 | [ 2 ] |
| 3 | Eastern Suburbs | Win | 14 – 10 | Saturday 21 May | Royal Agricultural Society Showground | 5,000 | [ 3 ] |
| 4 | Newtown | Loss | 7 – 12 | Saturday 28 May | Royal Agricultural Society Showground | 15,000 | [ 4 ] |
| 5 | North Sydney | Loss | 27 – 21 | Saturday 25 June | North Sydney Oval | 2,000 | [ 5 ] |
| 6 | Western Suburbs | Win | 32 – 13 | Saturday 2 July | Metters Stadium | 1,000 | [ 6 ] |
| 7 | Annandale | Win | 34 – 8 | Saturday 16 July | Royal Agricultural Society Showground | 3,000 | [ 7 ] |
| 8 | Western Suburbs | Win | 67 – 0 | Saturday 23 July | Royal Agricultural Society Showground | 500 | [ 8 ] |
| 9 | North Sydney | Win | 53 – 4 | Saturday 30 July | Royal Agricultural Society Showground | 600 | [ 9 ] |
| 10 | Newtown | Win | 15 – 8 | Saturday 13 August | Royal Agricultural Society Showground | 14,000 | [ 10 ] |
| 11 | Annanadale | Win | 19 – 2 | Saturday 20 August | Royal Agricultural Society Showground | 2,500 | [ 11 ] |
| 12 | Eastern Suburbs | Loss | 8 – 3 | Saturday 27 August | Royal Agricultural Society Showground | 12,000 | [ 12 ] |
| 13 | Glebe | Win | 22 – 2 | Saturday 3 September | Wentworth Park | 1,500 | [ 13 ] |
| 14 | Balmain | Win | 16 – 7 | Saturday 10 September | Birchgrove Oval | 3,000 | [ 14 ] |
### Finals
Newtown 4 (Goals: Charles Russell 2)
drew with
South Sydney 4 (Goals: Jim Davis 2)
(Newtown finished as premiers as they had been minor premiers)
## Club records
On July 23, Souths recorded a 67–0 win over Western Suburbs in Round 8. This remains the club record for largest win margin in a game. It is also the largest win margin performed by Souths against a defunct NSWRL/NRL team (assuming the existing Wests Tigers are a separate entity to the Western Suburbs club).
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{{Short description|Rugby League club season}}
{{Infobox rugby league team season|year=1910|assistant_coach=|prev_season=[[1909 South Sydney Rabbitohs season|1909]]|next_season=[[1911 South Sydney Rabbitohs season|1911]]|top_points=[[Arthur McCabe]] (53)|top_goals=[[Arthur Conlin]] (18)|top_tries=[[Arthur McCabe]] (17)|avg_attendance=|stadium=[[Sydney Showground Stadium|Royal Agricultural Society Showground]]|captain3=|captain2=[[Arthur Hennessy]]|captain=[[John Leveson]]|coach2=|league=NSWRFL|coach=|points_against=109|points_for=326|league_losses=3|league_draws=0|league_wins=11|cup_result=|cup=|playoff_result=Runners-up|league_rank=2nd (out of 8)|league_champions=|list=}}
The '''1910 South Sydney season''' was the 3rd in the [[South Sydney Rabbitohs|club's]] history. The club competed in the [[New South Wales Rugby League premiership|New South Wales Rugby Football League Premiership (NSWRFL)]], finishing the season as runners-up.
== Ladder ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width:20px;" |
! width="175" |Team
! style="width:20px;" |Pld
! style="width:20px;" |W
! style="width:20px;" |D
! style="width:20px;" |L
! style="width:20px;" |PF
! style="width:20px;" |PA
! style="width:20px;" |PD
! style="width:20px;" |Pts
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|1
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Newtown_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Newtown Jets|Newtown]]
|14
|11
|1
|2
|260
|92
| +170
|'''23'''
|- style="background:#cfc;"
|2
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:South_Sydney_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[South Sydney Rabbitohs|'''South Sydney''']]
|14
|11
|0
|3
|326
|109
| +217
|'''22'''
|-
|3
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Eastern_Suburbs_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Sydney Roosters|Eastern Suburbs]]
|14
|9
|2
|3
|248
|116
| +132
|'''20'''
|-
|4
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Balmain_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Balmain Tigers|Balmain]]
|14
|8
|0
|6
|153
|190
| -37
|'''16'''
|-
|5
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Glebe_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Glebe (rugby league team)|Glebe]]
|14
|6
|0
|8
|175
|194
| -19
|'''12'''
|-
|6
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Annandale_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Annandale (rugby league team)|Annandale]]
|14
|5
|1
|8
|145
|200
| -55
|'''11'''
|-
|7
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:North_Sydney_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[North Sydney Bears|North Sydney]]
|14
|3
|0
|11
|146
|283
| -137
|'''6'''
|-
|8
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Western_Suburbs_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Western Suburbs Magpies|Western Suburbs]]
|14
|1
|0
|13
|115
|386
| -271
|'''2'''
|}
== Fixtures ==
=== Regular season ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
!Round
!Opponent
!Result
!Score
!Date
!Venue
!Crowd
!Ref
|-
|1
|[[File:Balmain_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Balmain Tigers|Balmain]]
|Win
|13 – 5
|Saturday 30 April
|[[Birchgrove Park|Birchgrove Oval]]
|6,000
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1910 - Round 1 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1910/round-1/south-sydney-vs-balmain/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|2
|[[File:Glebe_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Glebe (rugby league team)|Glebe]]
|Win
|10 – 3
|Saturday 14 May
|[[Wentworth Park]]
|2,000
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1910 - Round 2 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1910/round-2/south-sydney-vs-glebe/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|3
|{{leagueicon|Sydney|16}} [[Sydney Roosters|Eastern Suburbs]]
|Win
|14 – 10
|Saturday 21 May
|[[Dairy Farmers Stadium|Royal Agricultural Society Showground]]
|5,000
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1910 - Round 3 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1910/round-3/eastern-suburbs-vs-south-sydney/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|4
|[[File:Newtown_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Newtown Jets|Newtown]]
|Loss
|7 – 12
|Saturday 28 May
|[[Dairy Farmers Stadium|Royal Agricultural Society Showground]]
|15,000
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1910 - Round 4 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1910/round-4/newtown-vs-south-sydney/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|5
|[[File:North_Sydney_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[North Sydney Bears|North Sydney]]
|Loss
|27 – 21
|Saturday 25 June
|[[North Sydney Oval]]
|2,000
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1910 - Round 5 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1910/round-5/north-sydney-vs-south-sydney/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|6
|[[File:Western_Suburbs_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Western Suburbs Magpies|Western Suburbs]]
|Win
|32 – 13
|Saturday 2 July
|[[Metters stadi|Metters Stadium]]
|1,000
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1910 - Round 6 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1910/round-6/western-suburbs-vs-south-sydney/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|7
|[[File:Annandale_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Annandale (rugby league team)|Annandale]]
|Win
|34 – 8
|Saturday 16 July
|[[Dairy Farmers Stadium|Royal Agricultural Society Showground]]
|3,000
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1910 - Round 7 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1910/round-7/annandale-vs-south-sydney/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|8
|[[File:Western_Suburbs_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Western Suburbs Magpies|Western Suburbs]]
|Win
|67 – 0
|Saturday 23 July
|[[Dairy Farmers Stadium|Royal Agricultural Society Showground]]
|500
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1910 - Round 8 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1910/round-8/south-sydney-vs-western-suburbs/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|9
|[[File:North_Sydney_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[North Sydney Bears|North Sydney]]
|Win
|53 – 4
|Saturday 30 July
|[[Dairy Farmers Stadium|Royal Agricultural Society Showground]]
|600
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1910 - Round 9 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1910/round-9/south-sydney-vs-north-sydney/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|10
|[[File:Newtown_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Newtown Jets|Newtown]]
|Win
|15 – 8
|Saturday 13 August
|[[Dairy Farmers Stadium|Royal Agricultural Society Showground]]
|14,000
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1910 - Round 10 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1910/round-10/south-sydney-vs-newtown/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|11
|[[File:Annandale_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Annandale (rugby league team)|Annanadale]]
|Win
|19 – 2
|Saturday 20 August
|[[Dairy Farmers Stadium|Royal Agricultural Society Showground]]
|2,500
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1910 - Round 11 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1910/round-11/south-sydney-vs-annandale/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|12
|{{leagueicon|Sydney|16}} [[Sydney Roosters|Eastern Suburbs]]
|Loss
|8 – 3
|Saturday 27 August
|[[Dairy Farmers Stadium|Royal Agricultural Society Showground]]
|12,000
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1910 - Round 12 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1910/round-12/south-sydney-vs-eastern-suburbs/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|13
|[[File:Glebe_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Glebe (rugby league team)|Glebe]]
|Win
|22 – 2
|Saturday 3 September
|[[Wentworth Park]]
|1,500
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1910 - Round 13 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1910/round-13/glebe-vs-south-sydney/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|14
|[[File:Balmain_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Balmain Tigers|Balmain]]
|Win
|16 – 7
|Saturday 10 September
|[[Birchgrove Park|Birchgrove Oval]]
|3,000
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1910 - Round 14 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1910/round-14/balmain-vs-south-sydney/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-27|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|}
=== Finals ===
'''Newtown''' 4 (Goals: Charles Russell 2)
drew with
'''South Sydney''' 4 (Goals: Jim Davis 2)
(Newtown finished as premiers as they had been minor premiers)
== Club records ==
{{further|List of South Sydney Rabbitohs records}}
On July 23, Souths recorded a 67–0 win over [[Western Suburbs Magpies|Western Suburbs]] in Round 8. This remains the club record for largest win margin in a game. It is also the largest win margin performed by Souths against a defunct NSWRL/NRL team (assuming the existing [[Wests Tigers]] are a separate entity to the Western Suburbs club).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Club Records|url=https://www.rabbitohs.com.au/tradition/club-records/|access-date=2021-10-03|website=South Sydney Rabbitohs|language=en}}</ref>
== References ==
<references />
{{South Sydney Rabbitohs}}<!--
{{1910 in rugby league}}-->
[[Category:South Sydney Rabbitohs seasons]]
[[Category:1910 in Australian rugby league|South Sydney Rabbitohs season]]
| 1,115,416,161 |
[{"title": "1910 South Sydney season", "data": {"NSWRFL Rank": "2nd (out of 8)", "Play-off result": "Runners-up", "1910 record": "Wins: 11; draws: 0; losses: 3", "Points scored": "For: 326; against: 109"}}, {"title": "Team information", "data": {"Captains": "- John Leveson - Arthur Hennessy", "Stadium": "Royal Agricultural Society Showground"}}, {"title": "Top scorers", "data": {"Tries": "Arthur McCabe (17)", "Goals": "Arthur Conlin (18)", "Points": "Arthur McCabe (53)"}}, {"title": "Points", "data": {"\u2190 1909": "1911 \u2192"}}]
| false |
# 1894 Indianapolis Light Artillery football team
The 1894 Indianapolis Light Artillery football team was an American football team that represented the Indianapolis Light Artillery as an independent during the 1894 college football season. In its first year of competition, the team compiled a 4–2 record in games against the region's college and university teams, including a victory over Illinois and a loss to Purdue. The 1895 team went on to defeat Notre Dame, 18–0, in South Bend.
The team played its three 1894 home games at the baseball park on East Ohio Street in Indianapolis.
During the fall of 1894, when the unit fielded its first football team, the Indianapolis Light Artillery was seeking to pay off its debt resulting from the construction of a $15,000 armory at Mississippi and Seventh Streets in Indianapolis. The unit engaged in fund-raising efforts featuring infantry drill teams and zouaves looking "very natty in their bright uniforms."
While all players on the 1894 team were reportedly members of the artillery unit, that practice changed, such that the 1896 team included only four or five artillerymen. In October 1896, the team was prohibited from continuing to use the Indianapolis Light Artillery name.
## Schedule
| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Source |
| ------------ | --------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ------- | ------------------ |
| September 28 | at Butler | Butler campus Indianapolis, IN | W 10–0 | [ 6 ] |
| October 6 | at Purdue | Stuart Field West Lafayette, IN | L 4–6 | [ 7 ] |
| October 27 | DePauw | East Ohio Street Baseball Park Indianapolis, IN | W 46–5 | [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] |
| November 17 | Wabash | East Ohio Street Baseball Park Indianapolis, IN | W 38–12 | [ 11 ] [ 12 ] |
| November 24 | Illinois | Illinois Field Champaign, IL | W 18–14 | [ 13 ] |
| November 29 | Butler | East Ohio Street Baseball Park Indianapolis, IN | L 4–6 | [ 14 ] |
## Players and coaches
Rufus M. Barnes (1870–1943) was the team captain and played at the tackle position. Barnes also coached the 1894 Light Artillery team. He had previously been captain of the University of Pennsylvania crew.
Other players included:
- Alfred H. Sommerville at right halfback (Sommerville died in May 1896 in an industrial fire.[17]);
- Sam Patterson at left halfback;
- John Nichol at fullback;
- George Cullom at quarterback.
- Frank Clemmens at center;
- Edward B. Johnson at guard;
- Stetson Parker at guard;
- Harold M. Joss at tackle;
- Harry Griffith at end; and
- Harry Olin at end.
Swan was the manager.
|
enwiki/63639331
|
enwiki
| 63,639,331 |
1894 Indianapolis Light Artillery football team
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1894_Indianapolis_Light_Artillery_football_team
|
2023-08-13T15:50:35Z
|
en
|
Q96359818
| 67,668 |
{{short description|American football team}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox NCAA team season
| year = 1894
| team = Indianapolis Light Artillery
| sport = football
| image = 1894 Indianapolis Light Artillery football team.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Drawing of "The Indianapolis Artillery Eleven"" from ''[[The Indianapolis News]]'', October 5, 1894
| conference = Independent
| record = 4–2
| head_coach = Rufus M. Barnes
| hc_year =
| stadium = East Ohio Street Baseball Park
| captain =
}}
The '''1894 Indianapolis Light Artillery football team''' was an [[American football]] team that represented the Indianapolis Light Artillery as an independent during the [[1894 college football season]]. In its first year of competition, the team compiled a 4–2 record in games against the region's college and university teams, including a victory over [[1894 Illinois Fighting Illini football team|Illinois]] and a loss to [[1894 Purdue Boilermakers football team|Purdue]]. The [[1895 Indianapolis Light Artillery football team|1895 team]] went on to defeat [[1895 Notre Dame football team|Notre Dame]], 18–0, in [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Notre Dame Blanked: Light Artillery Eleven Wins With a Score of 18 to 0|newspaper=The Indianapolis Journal|date=November 22, 1895|page=5|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48600455/notre-dame-blanked/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
The team played its three 1894 home games at the baseball park on East Ohio Street in [[Indianapolis]].<ref>The park was referred to variously in contemporaneous press accounts and may be the [[Indianapolis Park]].</ref>
During the fall of 1894, when the unit fielded its first football team, the Indianapolis Light Artillery was seeking to pay off its debt resulting from the construction of a $15,000 armory at Mississippi and Seventh Streets in Indianapolis.<ref name=Drill/><ref>{{cite news|title=The Light Artillery Debt|newspaper=The Indianapolis Journal|date=September 23, 1894|page=8|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48599141/the-light-artillery-debt/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> The unit engaged in fund-raising efforts featuring infantry drill teams and [[zouave]]s looking "very natty in their bright uniforms."<ref name=Drill>{{cite news|title=The Drill at Armstrong: Light Artillery Benefit Attended Hundreds of People|newspaper=The Indianapolis Journal|date=September 4, 1894|page=5|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48573660/the-drill-at-armstrong/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
While all players on the 1894 team were reportedly members of the artillery unit, that practice changed, such that the 1896 team included only four or five artillerymen. In October 1896, the team was prohibited from continuing to use the Indianapolis Light Artillery name.<ref>{{cite news|title=Against the Foot-Ball Team: It Must Not Use the Name of the Light Artillery|newspaper=The Indianapolis News|date=October 6, 1896|page=19|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29018905/indianapolis-light-artillery-football/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
==Schedule==
{{CFB schedule
|source=y
|September 28|at|{{cfb link|year=1894|team=Butler Christians|title=Butler}}|Butler campus|[[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, IN]]|W 10-0|<ref>{{cite news|title=The Artillery Eleven Won: Butler University's Football Team Defeated by the Soldiers|newspaper=The Indianapolis Journal|date=September 29, 1894|page=3|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48547017/the-artillery-eleven-won-butler/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|October 6|at|[[1894 Purdue Boilermakers football team|Purdue]]|[[Stuart Field]]|[[West Lafayette, IN]]|L 4-6|<ref>{{cite news|title=untitled|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=October 7, 1894|page=7|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/21137641/purdue_v_indianapolis_light_artillery/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|October 27||{{cfb link|year=1894|team=DePauw Tigers|title=DePauw}}|East Ohio Street Baseball Park|Indianapolis, IN|W 46-5|<ref>{{cite news|title=DePauw Went Down: Collegians Defeated by the Artillery in One-Sided Game|newspaper=The Indianapolis Journal|date=October 28, 1894|page=5|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48549053/depauw-went-down/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=De Pauw vs. Artillerists: Game of Football This Afternoon at Ohio-Street Grounds|newspaper=The Indianapolis Journal|date=October 27, 1894|page=8|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48599206/depauw-vs-artillerists/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref name=FTFG>{{cite news|title=For the Foot-Ball Game: All In Readiness For the DePauw-Light Artillery Contest|newspaper=The Indianapolis News|date=October 26, 1894|page=2|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48599257/for-the-foot-ball-game/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|November 17||{{cfb link|year=1894|team=Wabash Little Giants|title=Wabash}}|East Ohio Street Baseball Park|Indianapolis, IN|W 38-12|<ref>{{cite news|title=The Artillery Wins: Local Football Eleven Defeats Wabash by a 38 to 12 Score|newspaper=The Indianapolis Journal|date=November 18, 1894|page=4|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48550325/the-artillery-wins-local-football/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Game Today: Light Artillery Will Play the Team from Wabash College|newspaper=The Indianapolis Journal|date=November 17, 1894|page=8|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48599378/the-game-today-light-artillery-will/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|November 24||[[1894 Illinois Fighting Illini football team|Illinois]]|[[Illinois Field (1884)|Illinois Field]]|[[Champaign, Illinois|Champaign, IL]]|W 18-14|<ref>{{cite news|title=Artillery, 18; Illinois, 14: Indianapolis Boys a Trifle Too Much for Illinois University|newspaper=The Indianapolis Journal|date=November 25, 1894|page=4|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48547795/artillery-18-illinois-14/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|November 29||Butler|East Ohio Street Baseball Park|Indianapolis, IN|L 4-6|<ref>{{cite news|title=Butler, 6; Battery, 4: Closest Football Contest of the Season at Ball Park|newspaper=The Indianapolis Journal|date=November 30, 1894|page=8|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48549829/butler-6-battery-4/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
==Players and coaches==
Rufus M. Barnes (1870–1943) was the team captain and played at the tackle position.<ref name=LAFT/> Barnes also coached the 1894 Light Artillery team. He had previously been captain of the [[University of Pennsylvania]] [[Rowing (sport)|crew]].<ref>{{cite news|title=City News Notes|newspaper=The Indianapolis Journal|date=December 15, 1894|page=3|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48599561/city-news-notes-rufus-barnes/}}</ref>
Other players included:
* Alfred H. Sommerville at right halfback (Sommerville died in May 1896 in an industrial fire.<ref>{{cite news|title=Died From His Burns: Alfred H. Sommerville Was Trying To Avoid an Explosion|newspaper=The Indianapolis Journal|date=May 24, 1896|page=7|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48600271/died-from-his-burns/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>);
* Sam Patterson at left halfback;
* John Nichol at fullback;
* George Cullom at quarterback.
* Frank Clemmens at center;
* Edward B. Johnson at guard;
* Stetson Parker at guard;
* Harold M. Joss at tackle;
* Harry Griffith at end; and
* Harry Olin at end.
<ref name=LAFT/><ref>{{cite news|title=This Season's Foot-Ball|newspaper=The Indianapolis News|date=October 5, 1894|page=7|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48599810/this-seasons-foot-ball/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
Swan was the manager.<ref name=LAFT>{{cite news|title=Light Artillery Football Team|newspaper=The Indianapolis Journal|date=September 28, 1894|page=8|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48574439/light-artillery-football-team/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:1894 college football season|Indianapolis Light Artillery]]
[[Category:1894 in sports in Indiana|Indianapolis Light Artillery Football]]
| 1,170,181,856 |
[{"title": "1894 Indianapolis Light Artillery football", "data": {"Conference": "Independent", "Record": "4\u20132", "Head coach": "- Rufus M. Barnes", "Home stadium": "East Ohio Street Baseball Park"}}]
| false |
# 10.5 cm kanon m/34
The 10.5 cm kanon m/34 was a heavy field gun produced in Sweden.
## Design
Designed for motor towing with steel spoked wheels with rubber rims, the m/34 was a development of the earlier 10.5 cm Cannon Model 1927, with the carriage being used by various Bofors 15 cm howitzers of the 1930s. Like most contemporary field artillery the barrels muzzle had a pepper-pot style muzzle brake to reduce recoil.
Four were purchased for the Swedish Coastal Artillery, fifty-six by the Swedish Army as the 10.5 cm Fältkanon m/34, and an additional order for eight m/34s was produced in 1942. Coastal artillery m/34s were transferred to the field artillery in 1942 under the designation of 10.5 cm Fältkanon m/34M.
## Exports
The m/34 enjoyed relatively good export success, considering the neutral status of Sweden, with the following countries ordering the weapon:-
Finland
Twelve guns were ordered during the Winter War but only four had been delivered by the time the conflict ended, but the remainder had been delivered before the start of the Continuation War, serving with Heavy Artillery Battalion 3 and later with Heavy Artillery Battalion 5 as the 105 K 34.
Switzerland
A license was acquired and 352 m/34s were produced, as the 10.5 cm Kanone 1935 L42.
Thailand
Thailand ordered four weapons which were delivered in 1935.
|
enwiki/18830005
|
enwiki
| 18,830,005 |
10.5 cm kanon m/34
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10.5_cm_kanon_m/34
|
2023-05-19T02:48:34Z
|
en
|
Q847453
| 51,768 |
{{Infobox weapon
|name=10.5 cm kanon m/34
| image=Bofors M34 105mm Gun Hameenlinna 7.jpg
| image_size = 300
|caption=Bofors m/34 at the [[Hämeenlinna Artillery Museum]]
|origin=Sweden
|type=Heavy field gun
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_ranged=
|is_bladed=
|is_explosive=
|is_artillery=yes
|is_vehicle=
|is_UK=
<!-- Service history -->
|service=
|used_by={{flag|Finland}}<br />{{SWE}}<br />{{flag|Switzerland}}<br />{{flag|Thailand}}
|wars=[[Winter War]], [[Continuation War]]
<!-- Production history -->
|designer=[[Bofors]]
|design_date=
|manufacturer=[[Bofors]]
|production_date=
|number=
|variants=
<!-- General specifications -->
|weight={{convert|3,750|kg|lb}}
|length=
|part_length={{convert|4.41|m|ftin}} L/42
|width=
|height=
|crew=7
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
|cartridge={{convert|15.3|kg|lboz}}
|caliber={{convert|105|mm|in}}
|action=
|rate=5-6 rpm
|velocity={{convert|800|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}
|range=
|max_range={{convert|16,300|m|yd}}
|feed=
|sights=
<!-- Artillery specifications -->
|breech=horizontal sliding block
|recoil=
|carriage=[[Gun carriage#Modern gun carriages|Split trail]]
|elevation=-5° to +42°
|traverse=60°
<!-- Explosive specifications -->
|diameter=
|filling=
|filling_weight=
|detonation=
|yield=
}}
The '''10.5 cm kanon m/34''' was a heavy field gun produced in Sweden.
==Design==
Designed for motor towing with steel spoked wheels with rubber rims, the m/34 was a development of the earlier [[10.5 cm Cannon Model 1927]], with the carriage being used by various Bofors 15 cm howitzers of the 1930s. Like most contemporary field artillery the barrels muzzle had a pepper-pot style [[muzzle brake]] to reduce recoil.
Four were purchased for the [[Swedish Coastal Artillery]], fifty-six by the [[Swedish Army]] as the 10.5 cm Fältkanon m/34, and an additional order for eight m/34s was produced in 1942. Coastal artillery m/34s were transferred to the field artillery in 1942 under the designation of '''10.5 cm Fältkanon m/34M'''.
== Exports ==
The m/34 enjoyed relatively good export success, considering the neutral status of Sweden, with the following countries ordering the weapon:-
;Finland
:Twelve guns were ordered during the [[Winter War]] but only four had been delivered by the time the conflict ended, but the remainder had been delivered before the start of the [[Continuation War]], serving with [[Heavy Artillery Battalion 3]] and later with [[Heavy Artillery Battalion 5]] as the '''105 K 34'''.
;Switzerland
:A license was acquired and 352 m/34s were produced, as the '''10.5 cm Kanone 1935 L42'''.
;Thailand
:Thailand ordered four weapons which were delivered in 1935.
== External links ==
* [http://www.winterwar.com/Weapons/FinArtillery/GunsWrecoil2.htm m/34 on The Soviet Invasion of Finland]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101216082653/http://jaegerplatoon.net/ARTILLERY4.htm m/34 on jaegerplatoon]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080628043906/http://www.festung-oberland.ch/Waffen/Ab105/105cmKan35/105cmKan35.html German-language site on the Swiss guns]
* [http://www.mapleleafup.org/forums/archive/index.php?t-9849.html discussion of the Model 27 and 34 guns on MLU Forum]
* [https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=rms-001%3A1934%3A79%3A%3A535#535 1932 Swiss article comparing Bofors and Schneider guns]
{{No footnotes|date=February 2009}}
{{Commons}}
{{Weapons made in Sweden 1914–1945|style=wide}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:10.5 cm kanon m 34}}
[[Category:World War II field artillery]]
[[Category:105 mm artillery]]
[[Category:Artillery of Sweden]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1930s]]
{{artillery-stub}}
| 1,155,643,914 |
[{"title": "10.5 cm kanon m/34", "data": {"Type": "Heavy field gun", "Place of origin": "Sweden"}}, {"title": "Service history", "data": {"Used by": "Finland \u00b7 Sweden \u00b7 Switzerland \u00b7 Thailand", "Wars": "Winter War, Continuation War"}}, {"title": "Production history", "data": {"Designer": "Bofors", "Manufacturer": "Bofors"}}, {"title": "Specifications", "data": {"Mass": "3,750 kilograms (8,270 lb)", "Barrel length": "4.41 metres (14 ft 6 in) L/42", "Crew": "7", "Shell": "15.3 kilograms (33 lb 12 oz)", "Caliber": "105 millimetres (4.1 in)", "Breech": "horizontal sliding block", "Carriage": "Split trail", "Elevation": "-5\u00b0 to +42\u00b0", "Traverse": "60\u00b0", "Rate of fire": "5-6 rpm", "Muzzle velocity": "800 m/s (2,600 ft/s)", "Maximum firing range": "16,300 metres (17,800 yd)"}}]
| false |
# 100th Bomb Group Memorial Museum
The 100th Bomb Group Memorial Museum, located in the original control tower and other remaining buildings of the RAF Thorpe Abbotts airfield east of Diss in Norfolk is named after the 100th Bomb Group and is dedicated to the American soldiers and members of the US 8th Air Force who fought with the Allies in Norfolk in World War II. The area also became known as the "Fields of Little America" due to the number of Americans stationed there.
The entire former control tower is now museum space that highlights documents, photographs, uniforms and service equipment, plus a recreation of the original teleprinter room. The museum's collection includes a number of maps and other war-related artefacts from World War II's effects on the soldiers stationed there and how the group eventually came to be called the "Bloody Hundredth".
The roof of the control tower is known as the glasshouse, from where the remaining airstrips are visible. It remains as it was when the airfield was operational with the addition of a model of the airbase in the 1940s.
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100th Bomb Group Memorial Museum
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100th_Bomb_Group_Memorial_Museum
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2023-12-06T15:19:15Z
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en
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Q12052423
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{{Short description|Museum in Norfolk, UK}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox museum
|name= 100th Bomb Group Memorial Museum
|image= Thorpe Abbotts Control Tower.jpg
| caption = The Control Tower now forms part the 100th Bomb Group Memorial Museum
|location= Common Road, [[Dickleburgh]], [[Diss, Norfolk|Diss]], [[Norfolk]], IP21 4PH,
|visitors=
|director=
|website= [http://www.100bgmus.org.uk 100th Bomb Group Memorial Museum]
}}
The '''100th Bomb Group Memorial Museum''', located in the original control tower and other remaining buildings of the [[RAF Thorpe Abbotts]] [[airfield]] east of [[Diss, Norfolk|Diss]] in [[Norfolk]] is named after the [[100th Bomb Group]] and is dedicated to the American soldiers and members of the [[Eighth Air Force|US 8th Air Force]]<ref name=long>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Peter |title=The Hidden Places of England |year=2004 |publisher=Travel Publishing Ltd |isbn=1-904434-12-6 |pages=373 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ePshlzYVkAC&q=%22100th+Bomb+Group+Memorial+Museum%22&pg=PT378}}</ref> who fought with the Allies in Norfolk in [[World War II]]. The area also became known as the "Fields of Little America"<ref name=nhe>{{cite web |title=100th Bomb Group Memorial Museum |url=http://www.norfolkheritage.co.uk/100th-bomb-group-memorial-museum |work=Norfolk Heritage |accessdate=2012-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321191757/http://www.norfolkheritage.co.uk/100th-bomb-group-memorial-museum|archive-date=21 March 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> due to the number of Americans stationed there.
The entire former control tower is now museum space that highlights documents, photographs, uniforms and service equipment, plus a recreation of the original teleprinter room. The museum's collection includes a number of maps and other war-related artefacts from World War II's effects on the soldiers stationed there<ref name=sio>{{cite book|last=Sion|first=Edward M.|title=Through Blue Skies to Hell|year=2011|publisher=Casemate Publishers|isbn=978-1-935149-87-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7MjxBhGuCo8C&q=%22100th+Bomb+Group+Memorial+Museum%22}}</ref> and how the group eventually came to be called the "Bloody Hundredth".
The roof of the control tower is known as the glasshouse, from where the remaining airstrips are visible. It remains as it was when the airfield was operational with the addition of a model of the airbase in the 1940s.
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Coord|52|23|10.572|N|001|12|45.32|E|scale:5000|display=title}}
==External links==
*{{official website | http://www.100bgmus.org.uk/}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Museums in Norfolk]]
[[Category:World War II museums in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Military aviation museums in England]]
{{UK-museum-stub}}
| 1,188,614,386 |
[{"title": "100th Bomb Group Memorial Museum", "data": {"Location": "Common Road, Dickleburgh, Diss, Norfolk, IP21 4PH", "Website": "100th Bomb Group Memorial Museum"}}]
| false |
# 105th Regiment Royal Artillery
105th Regiment Royal Artillery (The Scottish & Ulster Gunners) is part of the Army Reserve and has sub-units throughout Scotland and Northern Ireland. It is currently equipped with the L118 Light Gun.
## History
The regiment was first formed as the 105 (Scottish) Air Defence Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers) on 1 April 1986 with its Regimental Headquarters at Artillery House, near Redford Barracks in Edinburgh. Its units were 207 (City of Glasgow) Air Defence Battery at Glasgow, 212 (Highland) Air Defence Battery at Arbroath and 218 (Lothian) Air Defence Battery at Livingston. It was equipped with a succession of missile systems, Blowpipe, Javelin and finally the Starstreak missile until 2005. In 1987 219 (City of Dundee) Air Defence Battery was formed at Dundee and joined the regiment.
After the Options for Change defence review in 1993, 206 (Ulster) Battery transferred to the regiment from 102nd (Ulster) Air Defence Regiment. At that time 219 Battery disbanded and the regiment was renamed 105 Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers). 218 Battery was disbanded in 2005 when the Regiment re-roled to field artillery. 105 Regiment was then equipped with the L118 105mm Light Gun. From 1 March 2015, the regiment has been paired with 3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery.
Under Army 2020, a new battery, 278 (Lowland) Battery Royal Artillery based in Livingston joined this regiment. The battery continued the traditions of the old 278th (Lowland) Regiment (The City of Edinburgh Artillery).
## Current organisation
The current organisation of the regiment is as follows:
- Regimental Headquarters, at Artillery House, Redford Barracks, Edinburgh[5][6]
- 206 (Ulster) Battery, in Newtownards[7]
- B Troop, in Coleraine[8]
- 207 (City of Glasgow) Battery, in Glasgow[9]
- 212 (Highland) Battery, in Arbroath[10]
- F Troop, in Kirkcaldy[11]
- G Troop, at Fort Charlotte, Lerwick[12]
- 278 (Lowland) Battery "City of Edinburgh", in Livingston[13]
- I Troop, at Redford Barracks, Edinburgh[6]
## Publications
- Litchfield, Norman E H, 1992. The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988, The Sherwood Press, Nottingham. ISBN 0-9508205-2-0
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105th Regiment Royal Artillery
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/105th_Regiment_Royal_Artillery
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2024-06-05T09:30:18Z
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en
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Q4546612
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{{short description|British Army reserve artillery regiment}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 105th Regiment Royal Artillery
| image = 105 Regiment Royal Artillery fire a Death Gun Salute for Prince Philip.jpg
| caption = 105 Regiment Royal Artillery firing a Death Gun Salute at Edinburgh Castle to mark the death of Prince Philip in April 2021.
| dates = 1986–Present
| country = {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| allegiance =
| branch = {{army|United Kingdom}}
*[[Royal Artillery]]
| type = [[Field Artillery|Field Artillery Regiment]]
| role =
| size = 4 batteries<br />466 personnel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-questions/detail/2018-11-22/194616|title=Army – Question for Ministry of Defence|page=1|access-date=14 December 2020|archive-date=2021-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226013531/https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-questions/detail/2018-11-22/194616|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| command_structure = [[1st Artillery Brigade (United Kingdom)|1st Artillery Brigade]]
| garrison = [[Edinburgh]]
| garrison_label = Regimental Headquarters
| nickname = "The Scottish and Ulster Gunners"
| patron =
| motto =
| colors =
| colors_label =
| march =
| mascot =
| equipment = [[L118 Light Gun]].
| equipment_label =
| battles =
| anniversaries =
| decorations =
| battle_honours = <!-- Commanders -->
| commander1 =
| commander1_label =
| commander2 =
| commander2_label =
| commander3 =
| commander3_label =
| notable_commanders = <!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_label =
| identification_symbol_2 =
| identification_symbol_2_label =
| identification_symbol_3 =
| identification_symbol_3_label = <!-- Aircraft -->
| aircraft_attack =
| aircraft_bomber =
| aircraft_electronic =
| aircraft_fighter =
| aircraft_interceptor =
| aircraft_patrol =
| aircraft_recon =
| aircraft_trainer =
| aircraft_transport =
}}
'''105th Regiment Royal Artillery (The Scottish & Ulster Gunners)''' is part of the [[Army Reserve (United Kingdom)|Army Reserve]] and has sub-units throughout Scotland and Northern Ireland. It is currently equipped with the [[L118 Light Gun]].
==History==
The regiment was first formed as the '''105 (Scottish) Air Defence Regiment Royal Artillery''' (Volunteers) on 1 April 1986 with its Regimental Headquarters at Artillery House, near [[Redford Barracks]] in Edinburgh. Its units were 207 (City of Glasgow) Air Defence Battery at [[Glasgow]], 212 (Highland) Air Defence Battery at [[Arbroath]] and 218 (Lothian) Air Defence Battery at [[Livingston, West Lothian|Livingston]]. It was equipped with a succession of missile systems, Blowpipe, Javelin and finally the [[Starstreak (missile)|Starstreak]] missile until 2005. In 1987 219 (City of Dundee) Air Defence Battery was formed at [[Dundee]] and joined the regiment.<ref name="history">{{cite web|title=Royal Regiment of Artillery, Volunteer Regiments|url=http://www.win.tue.nl/~drenth/BritArmy/Lineage/RA/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040315024235/http://www.win.tue.nl/~drenth/BritArmy/Lineage/RA/|archive-date=March 15, 2004|access-date=2 December 2015}}</ref>
After the [[Options for Change]] defence review in 1993, 206 (Ulster) Battery transferred to the regiment from [[102nd (Ulster) Air Defence Regiment Royal Artillery|102nd (Ulster) Air Defence Regiment]]. At that time 219 Battery disbanded and the regiment was renamed '''105 Regiment Royal Artillery''' (Volunteers). 218 Battery was disbanded in 2005 when the Regiment re-roled to field artillery. 105 Regiment was then equipped with the L118 105mm Light Gun. From 1 March 2015, the regiment has been paired with [[3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery]].<ref name=history/><ref name="MOD_update">{{cite web|date=July 2013|title=Transforming the British Army - An Update July 2013|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/Army2020_Report.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610215557/https://www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/Army2020_Report.pdf|archive-date=10 June 2014|access-date=1 December 2015|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)]]|page=12}}</ref>
Under [[Army 2020]], a new battery, 278 (Lowland) Battery Royal Artillery based in [[Livingston, West Lothian|Livingston]] joined this regiment. The battery continued the traditions of the old [[Edinburgh City Artillery|278th (Lowland) Regiment (The City of Edinburgh Artillery)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.serfca.org/Portals/0/Images/f/SUMMARY%20OF%20A2020%20RESERVE%20STRUCTURE%20AND%20BASING%20CHANGES.pdf |title=Summary of Reserve Structure and Basing Changes, page 5 |access-date=11 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810031303/http://www.serfca.org/Portals/0/Images/f/SUMMARY%20OF%20A2020%20RESERVE%20STRUCTURE%20AND%20BASING%20CHANGES.pdf |archive-date=10 August 2013 }}</ref>
==Current organisation==
The current organisation of the regiment is as follows:
* Regimental Headquarters, at Artillery House, [[Redford Barracks]], [[Edinburgh]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=105 Regiment Royal Artillery|url=https://www.army.mod.uk/who-we-are/corps-regiments-and-units/royal-artillery/105-regiment-royal-artillery/|access-date=2021-04-17|website=www.army.mod.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Redford Barracks, 301 Colinton Road, Edinburgh EH13 0PP|url=https://apply.army.mod.uk/what-we-offer/army-reserve-centres/scotland/edinburgh-301-colinton-road|access-date=17 April 2021|website=Army Careers}}</ref>
* [[206 (Ulster) Battery Royal Artillery|206 (Ulster) Battery]], in [[Newtownards]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Crawfordsburn Road, Newtownards, County Down BT23 4EA|url=https://apply.army.mod.uk/what-we-offer/army-reserve-centres/northern-ireland/co-down-newtownards|access-date=17 April 2021|website=Army Careers}}</ref>
** B Troop, in [[Coleraine]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Army Reserve Centre, Artillery Road, Coleraine BT52 1QL|url=https://apply.army.mod.uk/what-we-offer/army-reserve-centres/northern-ireland/coleraine-artillery-road|access-date=17 April 2021|website=Army Careers}}</ref>
* [[207 (City of Glasgow) Battery Royal Artillery|207 (City of Glasgow) Battery]], in [[Glasgow]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Army Reserve Centre, 369 Crow Road, Glasgow G11 7DG|url=https://apply.army.mod.uk/what-we-offer/army-reserve-centres/scotland/glasgow-369-crow-road|access-date=17 April 2021|website=Army Careers}}</ref>
* 212 (Highland) Battery, in [[Arbroath]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Army Reserve Centre, Montrose Road, Arbroath DD11 5JS|url=https://apply.army.mod.uk/what-we-offer/army-reserve-centres/scotland/arbroath-montrose-road|access-date=17 April 2021|website=Army Careers}}</ref>
** F Troop, in [[Kirkcaldy]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Army Reserve Centre, 48 Hunter Street Kirkcaldy KY1 2NH|url=https://apply.army.mod.uk/what-we-offer/army-reserve-centres/scotland/kirkcaldy-48-hunter-street|access-date=17 April 2021|website=Army Careers}}</ref>
** G Troop, at [[Fort Charlotte, Lerwick]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fort Charlotte, Lerwick, Fort Charlotte ZE1 0JN|url=https://apply.army.mod.uk/what-we-offer/army-reserve-centres/scotland/fort-charlotte-lerwick|access-date=17 April 2021|website=Army Careers}}</ref>
* [[278 (Lowland) Battery Royal Artillery|278 (Lowland) Battery "City of Edinburgh"]], in [[Livingston, West Lothian|Livingston]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Army Reserve Centre, Beveridge Square, Livingston EH54 6QF|url=https://apply.army.mod.uk/what-we-offer/army-reserve-centres/scotland/livingston-beveridge-square|access-date=17 April 2021|website=Army Careers}}</ref>
** I Troop, at Redford Barracks, Edinburgh<ref name=":0" />
== See also ==
* [[Armed forces in Scotland]]
* [[Military history of Scotland]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Publications==
*Litchfield, Norman E H, 1992. The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988, The Sherwood Press, Nottingham. {{ISBN|0-9508205-2-0}}
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20180925180404/https://www.army.mod.uk/who-we-are/corps-regiments-and-units/royal-artillery/105th-regiment-royal-artillery/ Official site]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080827221519/http://www.ulstergunners.co.uk/ 206 (Ulster) Bty RA(V) site]
*[https://archive.today/20071224110942/http://www2.army.mod.uk/105regtrav/207_glasgow_battery/ 207 (City of Glasgow) Bty RA(V) site]
*[http://www2.army.mod.uk/105regtrav/212_highland_battery/ 212 (Highland) Bty RA(V) site]{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[https://archive.today/20130415212937/http://www.smhc-uk.org/105thregimentroyalartilleryvolunteers.html Scottish Military Heritage Centre]
{{British Army Artillery Regiments}}
[[Category:Royal Artillery regiments]]
[[Category:Military of Scotland]]
[[Category:1986 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1986]]
{{UK-mil-unit-stub}}
| 1,227,369,352 |
[{"title": "105th Regiment Royal Artillery", "data": {"Active": "1986\u2013Present", "Country": "United Kingdom", "Branch": "British Army - Royal Artillery", "Type": "Field Artillery Regiment", "Size": "4 batteries \u00b7 466 personnel", "Part of": "1st Artillery Brigade", "Regimental Headquarters": "Edinburgh", "Nickname(s)": "\"The Scottish and Ulster Gunners\"", "Equipment": "L118 Light Gun."}}]
| false |
# 1897–98 Stoke F.C. season
The 1897–98 season was Stoke's ninth season in the Football League.
It was another season of struggle for Stoke who finished bottom of the First Division on goal average level on points with five teams. They entered the test matches for the second time against Newcastle United and Burnley and again came out victorious. However it was in controversial circumstances as in the final test match against Burnley, both sides needed a draw to be in the First Division for next season and for 90 minutes the Stoke and Burnley players did not attempt to win and the match finished in a 0–0 draw. After this obvious exploitation of the rules the league scrapped the test match system in favour of automatic promotion and relegation.
## Season Review
### League
In September 1897 Horace Austerberry was appointed secretary-manager of Stoke in succession of Bill Rowley who became general secretary. Also Mr J. T. Fenton assumed the role of chairman taking over from Mr. S. Barker. The Stoke directors continued to search in Scotland for quality players following the success of William Maxwell and they did find one in the form of Alex Raisbeck who went on to gain international caps for his country unfortunately he only played eight matches for Stoke before deciding to join Liverpool.
The bottom five teams in the First Division finished with 24 points but Stoke had the poorest goal average of them all and took bottom spot. They had to play the top two sides from the Second Division, Burnley and Newcastle United. Stoke came through successfully, beating each side once and drawing with Burnley to stay up.
In the final test match Stoke and Burnley needed a draw to be in the First Division next season. It finished 0–0 after a farcical 90 minutes during which neither side put in a challenge or had a shot at goal and at one point a few fans in the crowd held on to the ball and refused to return it to the players. After this obvious exploit of the rules the league scrapped the test match system in favour of automatic promotion and relegation.
### FA Cup
Stoke beat Bury 2–1 in the first round but crashed out 5–1 to Everton in the second round replay.
## Final league table
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts | Relegation |
| --- | ----------------- | --- | - | -- | -- | -- | -- | ----- | --- | ------------------------------ |
| 12 | Preston North End | 30 | 8 | 8 | 14 | 35 | 43 | 0.814 | 24 | |
| 13 | Notts County | 30 | 8 | 8 | 14 | 36 | 46 | 0.783 | 24 | |
| 14 | Bury | 30 | 8 | 8 | 14 | 39 | 51 | 0.765 | 24 | |
| 15 | Blackburn Rovers | 30 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 39 | 54 | 0.722 | 24 | Qualification for test matches |
| 16 | Stoke (O) | 30 | 8 | 8 | 14 | 35 | 55 | 0.636 | 24 | Qualification for test matches |
1. ↑ Blackburn Rovers were initially relegated but were later reprieved due to the First Division expanding to 18 teams for the following season.
## Results
Stoke's score comes first
### Legend
| Win | Draw | Loss |
### Football League First Division
| Match | Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| ----- | ----------------- | ----------------------- | ----- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------- |
| 1 | 2 September 1897 | Notts County | H | 2–0 | 3,500 | Maxwell (2) |
| 2 | 4 September 1897 | Liverpool | H | 2–2 | 4,000 | Maxwell, T Hill |
| 3 | 11 September 1897 | Sheffield United | A | 3–4 | 10,000 | Maxwell (2), Thickett (o.g.) |
| 4 | 18 September 1897 | Blackburn Rovers | H | 2–1 | 8,000 | Mellor, Schofield |
| 5 | 25 September 1897 | West Bromwich Albion | A | 0–2 | 8,200 | |
| 6 | 2 October 1897 | Derby County | H | 2–1 | 5,000 | Wood, Maxwell |
| 7 | 9 October 1897 | Liverpool | A | 0–4 | 16,000 | |
| 8 | 16 October 1897 | Wolverhampton Wanderers | H | 0–2 | 10,000 | |
| 9 | 23 October 1897 | Notts County | A | 0–4 | 4,000 | |
| 10 | 30 October 1897 | West Bromwich Albion | H | 0–0 | 6,400 | |
| 11 | 6 November 1897 | Derby County | A | 1–4 | 10,000 | T Hill |
| 12 | 8 November 1897 | Preston North End | H | 1–2 | 5,000 | J Hill |
| 13 | 13 November 1897 | Bolton Wanderers | A | 1–2 | 2,000 | Pugh |
| 14 | 20 November 1897 | Nottingham Forest | H | 1–2 | 2,000 | Wood |
| 15 | 4 December 1897 | Sunderland | A | 0–4 | 3,500 | |
| 16 | 11 December 1897 | Sheffield United | H | 2–1 | 7,000 | J Hill, Hingerty |
| 17 | 18 December 1897 | Aston Villa | H | 0–0 | 11,000 | |
| 18 | 25 December 1897 | The Wednesday | A | 0–4 | 6,000 | |
| 19 | 27 December 1897 | Bury | H | 3–1 | 15,000 | J Hill, Maxwell, Murphy |
| 20 | 1 January 1898 | Bury | A | 3–3 | 7,000 | Mellor, Hingerty, Pray (o.g.) |
| 21 | 8 January 1898 | Sunderland | H | 0–1 | 10,000 | |
| 22 | 15 January 1898 | Bolton Wanderers | H | 2–0 | 4,000 | J Hill, Johnson |
| 23 | 17 January 1898 | Everton | A | 1–1 | 4,000 | Maxwell |
| 24 | 5 February 1898 | Wolverhampton Wanderers | A | 2–4 | 7,000 | Maxwell, J Hill |
| 25 | 19 February 1898 | Nottingham Forest | A | 1–3 | 8,000 | Maxwell |
| 26 | 5 March 1898 | Preston North End | A | 0–0 | 6,000 | |
| 27 | 26 March 1898 | The Wednesday | H | 2–1 | 4,000 | Schofield (2) |
| 28 | 2 April 1898 | Aston Villa | A | 1–1 | 10,000 | Molyneux |
| 29 | 8 April 1898 | Blackburn Rovers | A | 1–1 | 6,000 | Schofield |
| 30 | 9 April 1898 | Everton | H | 2–0 | 6,000 | Molyneux, Maxwell |
### Test matches
| Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| ------------- | ---------------- | ----- | ------ | ---------- | ------------------- |
| 20 April 1898 | Newcastle United | A | 1–2 | 5,000 | Kennedy |
| 23 April 1898 | Newcastle United | H | 1–0 | 14,000 | Maxwell |
| 26 April 1898 | Burnley | A | 2–0 | 3,000 | Schofield, Raisbeck |
| 30 April 1898 | Burnley | H | 0–0 | 15,000 | |
| Pos. | Team | Pld. | W | D | L | F | A | GD | Pts. |
| ---- | ---------------- | ---- | - | - | - | - | -- | -- | ---- |
| 1 | Stoke | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | +2 | 5 |
| 2 | Burnley | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | +2 | 5 |
| 3 | Newcastle United | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 6 | +3 | 4 |
| 4 | Blackburn Rovers | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 12 | –7 | 2 |
### FA Cup
| Round | Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| --------- | ---------------- | -------- | ----- | ------ | ---------- | -------------- |
| R1 | 29 January 1898 | Bury | A | 2–1 | 3,000 | J Hill, Mellor |
| R2 | 12 February 1898 | Everton | H | 0–0 | 25,000 | |
| R2 Replay | 17 February 1898 | Everton | A | 1–5 | 10,000 | J Hill |
## Squad statistics
| Pos. | Name | League | League | FA Cup | FA Cup | Test Matches | Test Matches | Total | Total |
| Pos. | Name | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| ---- | --------------- | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ | ------------ | ------------ | ----- | ----- |
| GK | Zeke Johnston | 22 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
| GK | Fred Sheldon | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| GK | Tom Wilkes | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| FB | Peter Durber | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| FB | Jack Eccles | 27 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 34 | 0 |
| FB | Tom Robertson | 23 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 27 | 0 |
| HB | Jimmy Grewer | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| HB | Jimmy McGeachan | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| HB | Joe Murphy | 30 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 37 | 1 |
| HB | Edward Parsons | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| HB | Jack Ponsonby | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| HB | Alex Raisbeck | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 1 |
| HB | Arthur Rowley | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| HB | Alf Wood | 19 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 25 | 2 |
| FW | Jimmy Hill | 21 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 7 |
| FW | Tom Hill | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 |
| FW | Jim Hingerty | 10 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 2 |
| FW | Freddie Johnson | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 16 | 1 |
| FW | Jack Kennedy | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
| FW | William Maxwell | 21 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 26 | 12 |
| FW | Harry Mellor | 20 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 26 | 3 |
| FW | Fred Molyneux | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 2 |
| FW | Harry Pugh | 18 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 1 |
| FW | Joe Schofield | 27 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 33 | 5 |
| FW | Jack Shaffery | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| FW | Andrew Smith | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| – | Own goals | – | 2 | – | 0 | – | 0 | – | 2 |
|
enwiki/24233948
|
enwiki
| 24,233,948 |
1897–98 Stoke F.C. season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897%E2%80%9398_Stoke_F.C._season
|
2023-04-02T21:14:40Z
|
en
|
Q4557253
| 152,622 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox Football club season
| club = [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke]]
| season = 1897–98
| manager = [[Horace Austerberry]]
| chairman = Mr J Fenton
| stadium = [[Victoria Ground]]
| league = [[1897–98 Football League|Football League First Division]]
| league result = 16th (24 Points)
| cup1 = [[1897–98 FA Cup|FA Cup]]
| cup1 result = Second Round
| cup2 = [[Football League test matches|Test Matches]]
| cup2 result = Winner
| league topscorer = [[William Maxwell (footballer)|William Maxwell]] <br> (11)
| season topscorer = [[William Maxwell (footballer)|William Maxwell]] <br> (12)
| highest attendance = 15,000 vs [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] <br> (27 December 1897)
| lowest attendance = 2,000 vs [[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]] <br> (20 November 1897)
| average attendance = 7,350
| prevseason = [[1896–97 Stoke F.C. season|1896–97]]
| nextseason = [[1898–99 Stoke F.C. season|1898–99]]
| pattern_la1 =
| pattern_b1 =
| pattern_ra1 =
| pattern_sh1 =
| pattern_so1 =
| leftarm1 = a02040
| body1 = a02040
| rightarm1 = a02040
| shorts1 = FFFFFF
| socks1 = a02040
}}
The [[1897–98 Football League|1897–98 season]] was [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke]]'s ninth season in [[the Football League]].
It was another season of struggle for Stoke who finished bottom of the First Division on goal average level on points with five teams. They entered the [[Football League test matches|test matches]] for the second time against [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] and [[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]] and again came out victorious. However it was in controversial circumstances as in the final test match against Burnley, both sides needed a draw to be in the First Division for next season and for 90 minutes the Stoke and Burnley players did not attempt to win and the match finished in a 0–0 draw. After this obvious exploitation of the rules the league scrapped the test match system in favour of automatic [[promotion and relegation]].<ref name="The Encyclopaedia of Stoke City">{{cite book|last=Matthews|first=Tony|title=The Encyclopaedia of Stoke City|year=1994|publisher=Lion Press|isbn=0-9524151-0-0}}</ref>
==Season Review==
===League===
In September 1897 [[Horace Austerberry]] was appointed secretary-manager of Stoke in succession of [[Bill Rowley]] who became general secretary.<ref name="The Encyclopaedia of Stoke City"/> Also Mr J. T. Fenton assumed the role of chairman taking over from Mr. S. Barker.<ref name="The Encyclopaedia of Stoke City"/> The Stoke directors continued to search in Scotland for quality players following the success of [[William Maxwell (footballer)|William Maxwell]] and they did find one in the form of [[Alex Raisbeck]] who went on to gain international caps for his country unfortunately he only played eight matches for Stoke before deciding to join [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]].<ref name="The Encyclopaedia of Stoke City"/>
The bottom five teams in the First Division finished with 24 points but Stoke had the poorest [[goal average]] of them all and took bottom spot.<ref name="The Encyclopaedia of Stoke City"/> They had to play the top two sides from the Second Division, [[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]] and [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]].<ref name="The Encyclopaedia of Stoke City"/> Stoke came through successfully, beating each side once and drawing with Burnley to stay up.<ref name="The Encyclopaedia of Stoke City"/>
In the final test match Stoke and Burnley needed a draw to be in the First Division next season.<ref name="The Encyclopaedia of Stoke City"/> It finished 0–0 after a farcical 90 minutes during which neither side put in a challenge or had a shot at goal and at one point a few fans in the crowd held on to the ball and refused to return it to the players.<ref name="The Encyclopaedia of Stoke City"/> After this obvious exploit of the rules the league scrapped the test match system in favour of automatic [[promotion and relegation]].<ref name="The Encyclopaedia of Stoke City"/>
===FA Cup===
Stoke beat [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] 2–1 in the first round but crashed out 5–1 to [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] in the second round replay.<ref name="The Encyclopaedia of Stoke City"/>
==Final league table==
{{:1897–98 Football League|transcludesection=First Division|only_totals=y|showteam=STK}}
==Results==
''Stoke's score comes first''
===Legend===
{| class="wikitable"
|style="background-color: #CCFFCC;"|<small>Win</small>
|style="background-color: #FFFFCC;"|<small>Draw</small>
|style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"|<small>Loss</small>
|}
===Football League First Division===
{{Main|1897–98 Football League}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%; text-align:center"
!Match!!Date!!Opponent!!Venue!!Result!!Attendance!!Scorers
|-style="background-color: #CCFFCC;"
|1|| 2 September 1897 ||[[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||2–0||3,500||[[William Maxwell (footballer)|Maxwell]] (2)
|-style="background-color: #FFFFCC;"
|2|| 4 September 1897 ||[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||2–2||4,000||[[William Maxwell (footballer)|Maxwell]], [[Tom Hill (footballer)|T Hill]]
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
|3|| 11 September 1897 ||[[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]]||[[Bramall Lane|A]]||3–4||10,000||[[William Maxwell (footballer)|Maxwell]] (2), [[Harry Thickett|Thickett]] (o.g.)
|-style="background-color: #CCFFCC;"
|4|| 18 September 1897 ||[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||2–1||8,000||[[Harry Mellor (footballer, born 1878)|Mellor]], [[Joe Schofield|Schofield]]
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
|5|| 25 September 1897 ||[[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]||[[Stoney Lane|A]]||0–2||8,200||
|-style="background-color: #CCFFCC;"
|6|| 2 October 1897 ||[[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||2–1||5,000||[[Alf Wood (footballer born 1876)|Wood]], [[William Maxwell (footballer)|Maxwell]]
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
|7|| 9 October 1897 ||[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]||[[Anfield|A]]||0–4||16,000||
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
|8|| 16 October 1897 ||[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||0–2||10,000||
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
|9|| 23 October 1897 ||[[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]]||[[Trent Bridge|A]]||0–4||4,000||
|-style="background-color: #FFFFCC;"
|10|| 30 October 1897 ||[[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||0–0||6,400||
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
|11|| 6 November 1897 ||[[Derby County F.C.|Derby County]]||[[Baseball Ground|A]]||1–4||10,000||[[Tom Hill (footballer)|T Hill]]
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
|12|| 8 November 1897 ||[[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||1–2||5,000||[[Jimmy Hill (Scottish footballer)|J Hill]]
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
|13|| 13 November 1897 ||[[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]]||[[Burnden Park|A]]||1–2||2,000||[[Harry Pugh|Pugh]]
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
|14|| 20 November 1897 ||[[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||1–2||2,000||[[Alf Wood (footballer born 1876)|Wood]]
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
|15|| 4 December 1897 ||[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]]||[[Roker Park|A]]||0–4||3,500||
|-style="background-color: #CCFFCC;"
|16|| 11 December 1897 ||[[Sheffield United F.C.|Sheffield United]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||2–1||7,000||[[Jimmy Hill (Scottish footballer)|J Hill]], [[Jim Hingerty|Hingerty]]
|-style="background-color: #FFFFCC;"
|17|| 18 December 1897 ||[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||0–0||11,000||
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
|18|| 25 December 1897 ||[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|The Wednesday]]||[[Olive Grove|A]]||0–4||6,000||
|-style="background-color: #CCFFCC;"
|19|| 27 December 1897 ||[[Bury F.C.|Bury]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||3–1||15,000||[[Jimmy Hill (Scottish footballer)|J Hill]], [[William Maxwell (footballer)|Maxwell]], [[Joe Murphy (footballer, born 1873)|Murphy]]
|-style="background-color: #FFFFCC;"
|20|| 1 January 1898 ||[[Bury F.C.|Bury]]||[[Gigg Lane|A]]||3–3||7,000||[[Harry Mellor (footballer, born 1878)|Mellor]], [[Jim Hingerty|Hingerty]], [[Jack Pray|Pray]] (o.g.)
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
|21|| 8 January 1898 ||[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||0–1||10,000||
|-style="background-color: #CCFFCC;"
|22|| 15 January 1898 ||[[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||2–0||4,000||[[Jimmy Hill (Scottish footballer)|J Hill]], [[Freddie Johnson|Johnson]]
|-style="background-color: #FFFFCC;"
|23|| 17 January 1898 ||[[Everton F.C.|Everton]]||[[Goodison Park|A]]||1–1||4,000||[[William Maxwell (footballer)|Maxwell]]
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
|24|| 5 February 1898 ||[[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]]||[[Molineux Stadium|A]]||2–4||7,000||[[William Maxwell (footballer)|Maxwell]], [[Jimmy Hill (Scottish footballer)|J Hill]]
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
|25|| 19 February 1898 ||[[Nottingham Forest F.C.|Nottingham Forest]]||[[Town Ground (Nottingham)|A]]||1–3||8,000||[[William Maxwell (footballer)|Maxwell]]
|-style="background-color: #FFFFCC;"
|26|| 5 March 1898 ||[[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]]||[[Deepdale|A]]||0–0||6,000||
|-style="background-color: #CCFFCC;"
|27|| 26 March 1898 ||[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.|The Wednesday]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||2–1||4,000||[[Joe Schofield|Schofield]] (2)
|-style="background-color: #FFFFCC;"
|28|| 2 April 1898 ||[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]||[[Villa Park|A]]||1–1||10,000||[[Fred Molyneux (footballer, born 1873)|Molyneux]]
|-style="background-color: #FFFFCC;"
|29|| 8 April 1898 ||[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]||[[Ewood Park|A]]||1–1||6,000||[[Joe Schofield|Schofield]]
|-style="background-color: #CCFFCC;"
|30|| 9 April 1898 ||[[Everton F.C.|Everton]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||2–0||6,000||[[Fred Molyneux (footballer, born 1873)|Molyneux]], [[William Maxwell (footballer)|Maxwell]]
|}
===Test matches===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%; text-align:center"
!Date!!Opponent!!Venue!!Result!!Attendance!!Scorers
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
| 20 April 1898 ||[[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]]||[[St James' Park|A]]||1–2||5,000||[[Jack Kennedy (footballer, born 1873)|Kennedy]]
|-style="background-color: #CCFFCC;"
| 23 April 1898 ||[[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||1–0||14,000||[[William Maxwell (footballer)|Maxwell]]
|-style="background-color: #CCFFCC;"
| 26 April 1898 ||[[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]]||[[Turf Moor|A]]||2–0||3,000||[[Joe Schofield|Schofield]], [[Alex Raisbeck|Raisbeck]]
|-style="background-color: #FFFFCC;"
| 30 April 1898 ||[[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||0–0||15,000||
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!width=30|{{tooltip|Pos.|Position}}
!width=175|Team
!width=30|{{tooltip|Pld.|Matches played}}
!width=30|{{tooltip|W|Matches won}}
!width=30|{{tooltip|D|Matches drawn}}
!width=30|{{tooltip|L|Matches lost}}
!width=30|{{tooltip|F|Goals for}}
!width=30|{{tooltip|A|Goals against}}
!width=30|{{tooltip|GD|Goal difference}}
!width=30|{{tooltip|Pts.|Points}}
|-
|'''1'''||align=left|'''[[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke]]'''||'''4'''||'''2'''||'''1'''||'''1'''||'''4'''||'''2'''||'''+2'''||'''5'''
|-
|2||align=left|[[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]]||4||2||1||1||5||3||+2||5
|-
|3||align=left|[[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]]||4||2||0||2||9||6||+3||4
|-
|4||align=left|[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]||4||1||0||3||5||12||–7||2
|}
===FA Cup===
{{Main|1897–98 FA Cup}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%; text-align:center"
!Round!!Date!!Opponent!!Venue!!Result!!Attendance!!Scorers
|-style="background-color: #CCFFCC;"
||R1||29 January 1898 ||[[Bury F.C.|Bury]]||[[Gigg Lane|A]]||2–1||3,000||[[Jimmy Hill (Scottish footballer)|J Hill]], [[Harry Mellor (footballer, born 1878)|Mellor]]
|-style="background-color: #FFFFCC;"
||R2||12 February 1898 ||[[Everton F.C.|Everton]]||[[Victoria Ground|H]]||0–0||25,000||
|-style="background-color: #FFCCCC;"
||R2 Replay||17 February 1898 ||[[Everton F.C.|Everton]]||[[Goodison Park|A]]||1–5||10,000||[[Jimmy Hill (Scottish footballer)|J Hill]]
|}
==Squad statistics==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan="2" valign="bottom"|Pos.
!rowspan="2"|Name
!colspan="2" width="85"|League
!colspan="2" width="85"|FA Cup
!colspan="2" width="85"|Test Matches
!colspan="2" width="85"|Total
|-
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
|align="left"|GK||align="left"|[[File:St Patrick's saltire.svg|20px]] [[Ezekiel Johnston|Zeke Johnston]]
|22||0||3||0||0||0||25||0
|-
|align="left"|GK||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Fred Sheldon (English footballer)|Fred Sheldon]]
|3||0||0||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|align="left"|GK||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tom Wilkes (footballer)|Tom Wilkes]]
|5||0||0||0||4||0||9||0
|-
|align="left"|FB||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Peter Durber]]
|10||0||1||0||0||0||11||0
|-
|align="left"|FB||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Jack Eccles (footballer)|Jack Eccles]]
|27||0||3||0||4||0||34||0
|-
|align="left"|FB||align="left"|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Thomas Robertson (footballer, born 1875)|Tom Robertson]]
|23||0||2||0||2||0||27||0
|-
|align="left"|HB||align="left"|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Jimmy Grewer]]
|9||0||0||0||0||0||9||0
|-
|align="left"|HB||align="left"|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Jimmy McGeachan]]
|4||0||2||0||0||0||6||0
|-
|align="left"|HB||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Joe Murphy (footballer, born 1873)|Joe Murphy]]
|30||1||3||0||4||0||37||1
|-
|align="left"|HB||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Edward Parsons (footballer)|Edward Parsons]]
|6||0||1||0||0||0||7||0
|-
|align="left"|HB||align="left"|[[File:St Patrick's saltire.svg|20px]] [[Jack Ponsonby]]
|5||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|align="left"|HB||align="left"|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Alex Raisbeck]]
|4||0||0||0||4||1||8||1
|-
|align="left"|HB||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Arthur Rowley (footballer, born 1870)|Arthur Rowley]]
|18||0||1||0||2||0||21||0
|-
|align="left"|HB||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Alf Wood (footballer, born 1876)|Alf Wood]]
|19||2||2||0||4||0||25||2
|-
|align="left"|FW||align="left"|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Jimmy Hill (Scottish footballer)|Jimmy Hill]]
|21||5||3||2||0||0||24||7
|-
|align="left"|FW||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tom Hill (footballer)|Tom Hill]]
|5||2||0||0||0||0||5||2
|-
|align="left"|FW||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Jim Hingerty]]
|10||2||2||0||0||0||12||2
|-
|align="left"|FW||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Freddie Johnson]]
|12||1||0||0||4||0||16||1
|-
|align="left"|FW||align="left"|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Jack Kennedy (footballer, born 1873)|Jack Kennedy]]
|2||0||0||0||4||1||6||1
|-
|align="left"|FW||align="left"|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[William Maxwell (footballer)|William Maxwell]]
|21||11||2||0||3||1||26||12
|-
|align="left"|FW||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Harry Mellor (footballer, born 1878)|Harry Mellor]]
|20||2||3||1||3||0||26||3
|-
|align="left"|FW||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Fred Molyneux (footballer, born 1873)|Fred Molyneux]]
|5||2||0||0||2||0||7||2
|-
|align="left"|FW||align="left"|{{flagicon|WAL|1807}} [[Harry Pugh]]
|18||1||2||0||0||0||20||1
|-
|align="left"|FW||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Joe Schofield]]
|27||4||2||0||4||1||33||5
|-
|align="left"|FW||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Jack Shaffery]]
|4||0||1||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|align="left"|FW||align="left"|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Andrew Smith (footballer, born 1879)|Andrew Smith]]
|0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|align="left"|–||align="left"|[[Own goal]]s
|–||2||–||0||–||0||–||2
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Stoke City F.C. seasons}}
{{1897–98 in English football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1897-98 Stoke F.C. season}}
[[Category:Stoke City F.C. seasons]]
[[Category:English football clubs 1897–98 season|Stoke]]
| 1,147,892,970 |
[{"title": "Stoke", "data": {"Chairman": "Mr J Fenton", "Manager": "Horace Austerberry", "Stadium": "Victoria Ground", "Football League First Division": "16th (24 Points)", "FA Cup": "Second Round", "Test Matches": "Winner", "Top goalscorer": "League: William Maxwell \u00b7 (11) \u00b7 All: William Maxwell \u00b7 (12)", "Highest home attendance": "15,000 vs Bury \u00b7 (27 December 1897)", "Lowest home attendance": "2,000 vs Nottingham Forest \u00b7 (20 November 1897)", "Average home league attendance": "7,350"}}]
| false |
# 10th National Television Awards
The 10th National Television Awards ceremony was held at the Royal Albert Hall on 26 October 2004 and was hosted by Sir Trevor McDonald.
## Awards
| Category | Winner | Also nominated |
| ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Most Popular Actor | David Jason (DI Jack Frost, A Touch of Frost) | Bruno Langley (Todd Grimshaw, Coronation Street) James Nesbitt (Nick Zakian, The Canterbury Tales) Nigel Harman (Dennis Rickman, EastEnders) Shane Richie (Alfie Moon, EastEnders) |
| Most Popular Actress | Suranne Jones (Karen McDonald, Coronation Street) | Tina O'Brien (Sarah Platt, Coronation Street) Caroline Quentin (Maggie Mee, Life Begins) Jessie Wallace (Kat Slater, EastEnders) Zöe Lucker (Tanya Turner, Footballers' Wives) |
| Most Popular Drama | The Bill (ITV) | Bad Girls (ITV) CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (Channel 5/CBS) Footballers' Wives (ITV) |
| Most Popular Serial Drama | Coronation Street (ITV) | EastEnders (BBC One) Emmerdale (ITV) Hollyoaks (Channel 4) |
| Most Popular Entertainment Programme | Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway (ITV) | Strictly Come Dancing (BBC One) Friday Night with Jonathan Ross (BBC One) Pop Idol (ITV) |
| Most Popular Reality Programme | Big Brother (Channel 4) | Hell's Kitchen (ITV) I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here! (ITV) SAS Desert – Are You Tough Enough? (Channel 4) |
| Most Popular Entertainment Presenter | Ant & Dec (Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway) | Davina McCall (Big Brother) Dermot O'Leary (Big Brother's Little Brother) Jonathan Ross (Friday Night with Jonathan Ross) |
| Most Popular Daytime Programme | This Morning (ITV) | Neighbours (BBC One/Network Ten) GMTV (ITV) Richard & Judy (Channel 4) Today with Des and Mel (ITV) |
| Most Popular Quiz Programme | Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (ITV) | A Question of Sport (BBC One) Have I Got News for You (BBC One) The Vault (ITV) |
| Most Popular Comedy Programme | Little Britain (BBC Three) | Friends (Channel 4/NBC) Last of the Summer Wine (BBC One) My Family (BBC One) |
| Most Popular Factual Programme | Wife Swap (Channel 4) | Crimewatch UK (BBC One) Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares (Channel 4) Top Gear (BBC Two) |
| Most Popular Newcomer | Sam Aston (Coronation Street) | Honeysuckle Weeks (Foyle's War) Patsy Kensit (Emmerdale) Tracy-Ann Oberman (EastEnders) |
| Most Popular Sporting Moment | Jonny Wilkinson wins the Rugby World Cup | Jonny Wilkinson wins the Rugby World Cup |
| Special Recognition Award | Caroline Quentin | Caroline Quentin |
|
enwiki/30703610
|
enwiki
| 30,703,610 |
10th National Television Awards
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_National_Television_Awards
|
2025-02-05T11:49:23Z
|
en
|
Q4547110
| 39,784 |
{{Short description|Awards ceremony}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox award
| name = 10th National Television Awards
| image =
| caption =
| presenter = Various
| host = Trevor McDonald
| date = {{Start date|2004|10|26|df=y}}
| location = [[Royal Albert Hall]], [[London]]
| country = United Kingdom
| website = http://www.nationaltvawards.com/
| network = [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]
| runtime =
| previous = [[9th National Television Awards|2003]]
| main = [[National Television Awards]]
| next = [[11th National Television Awards|2005]]
}}
The '''10th [[National Television Awards]]''' ceremony was held at the Royal Albert Hall on 26 October 2004 and was hosted by [[Trevor McDonald|Sir Trevor McDonald]].
==Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Category
! Winner<ref name="NTAwinners">{{cite web|title=Past Winners |url=http://www.nationaltvawards.com/past-winners |publisher=National Television Awards |accessdate=31 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924040711/http://www.nationaltvawards.com/past-winners |archivedate=24 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=National TV Awards – winners|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/oct/27/broadcasting|accessdate=12 November 2010|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=27 October 2004}}</ref>
! Also nominated
|-
| Most Popular Actor
| [[David Jason]] ([[Jack Frost (detective)|DI Jack Frost]], ''[[A Touch of Frost]]'')
| [[Bruno Langley]] ([[Todd Grimshaw]], ''[[Coronation Street]]'')<br />[[James Nesbitt]] (Nick Zakian, ''[[The Canterbury Tales (TV series)|The Canterbury Tales]]'')<br />[[Nigel Harman]] ([[Dennis Rickman]], ''[[EastEnders]]'')<br />[[Shane Richie]] ([[Alfie Moon]], ''EastEnders'')
|-
| Most Popular Actress
| [[Suranne Jones]] ([[Karen McDonald (Coronation Street)|Karen McDonald]], ''Coronation Street'')
| [[Tina O'Brien]] ([[Sarah Platt]], ''Coronation Street'')<br />[[Caroline Quentin]] (Maggie Mee, ''[[Life Begins (TV series)|Life Begins]]'')<br />[[Jessie Wallace]] ([[Kat Slater]], ''EastEnders'')<br />[[Zöe Lucker]] ([[Tanya Turner]], ''[[Footballers' Wives]]'')
|-
| Most Popular Drama
| ''[[The Bill]]'' (ITV)
| ''[[Bad Girls (TV series)|Bad Girls]]'' (ITV)<br />''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]'' (Channel 5/CBS)<br />''Footballers' Wives'' (ITV)
|-
| Most Popular Serial Drama
| ''Coronation Street'' (ITV)
| ''EastEnders'' (BBC One)<br />''[[Emmerdale]]'' (ITV)<br />''[[Hollyoaks]]'' ([[Channel 4]])
|-
| Most Popular Entertainment Programme
| ''[[Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway]]'' (ITV)
| ''[[Strictly Come Dancing]]'' (BBC One)<br />''[[Friday Night with Jonathan Ross]]'' (BBC One)<br />''[[Pop Idol]]'' (ITV)
|-
| Most Popular Reality Programme
| ''[[Big Brother (UK)|Big Brother]]'' (Channel 4)
| ''[[Hell's Kitchen (UK TV series)|Hell's Kitchen]]'' (ITV)<br />''[[I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK TV series)|I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!]]'' (ITV)<br />''SAS Desert – Are You Tough Enough?'' (Channel 4)
|-
| Most Popular Entertainment Presenter
| [[Ant & Dec]] (''Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway'')
| [[Davina McCall]] (''[[Big Brother (UK)|Big Brother]]'')<br />[[Dermot O'Leary]] (''[[Big Brother's Little Brother]]'')<br />[[Jonathan Ross]] (''Friday Night with Jonathan Ross'')
|-
| Most Popular Daytime Programme
| ''[[This Morning (TV programme)|This Morning]]'' (ITV)
| ''[[Neighbours]]'' (BBC One/Network Ten)<br />''[[GMTV]]'' (ITV)<br />''[[Richard & Judy]]'' (Channel 4)<br />''[[Today with Des and Mel]]'' (ITV)
|-
| Most Popular Quiz Programme
| ''[[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)|Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]]'' (ITV)
| ''[[A Question of Sport]]'' (BBC One)<br />''[[Have I Got News for You]]'' (BBC One)<br />''[[The Vault (game show)|The Vault]]'' (ITV)
|-
| Most Popular Comedy Programme
| ''[[Little Britain (sketch show)|Little Britain]]'' (BBC Three)
| ''[[Friends]]'' (Channel 4/NBC)<br />''[[Last of the Summer Wine]]'' (BBC One)<br />''[[My Family]]'' (BBC One)
|-
| Most Popular Factual Programme
| ''[[Wife Swap (UK TV series)|Wife Swap]]'' ([[Channel 4]])
| ''[[Crimewatch|Crimewatch UK]]'' (BBC One)<br />''[[Ramsay's Kitchen Nightmares]]'' (Channel 4)<br />''[[Top Gear (2002 TV series)|Top Gear]]'' (BBC Two)
|-
| Most Popular Newcomer
| [[Sam Aston]] (''Coronation Street'')
| [[Honeysuckle Weeks]] (''[[Foyle's War]]'')<br />[[Patsy Kensit]] (''Emmerdale'')<br />[[Tracy-Ann Oberman]] (''EastEnders'')
|-
| Most Popular Sporting Moment
| colspan="2" | [[Jonny Wilkinson]] wins the [[2003 Rugby World Cup|Rugby World Cup]]
|-
| Special Recognition Award
| colspan="2" |[[Caroline Quentin]]
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{National Television Awards}}
[[Category:2004 awards in the United Kingdom|National Television Awards]]
[[Category:2004 television awards|National Television Awards]]
[[Category:2004 in British television|National Television Awards]]
[[Category:2004 in London|National Television Awards]]
[[Category:National Television Awards]]
[[Category:October 2004 in the United Kingdom|National Television Awards]]
| 1,274,087,749 |
[{"title": "10th National Television Awards", "data": {"Date": "26 October 2004", "Location": "Royal Albert Hall, London", "Country": "United Kingdom", "Presented by": "Various", "Hosted by": "Trevor McDonald", "Website": "http://www.nationaltvawards.com"}}, {"title": "Television/radio coverage", "data": {"Network": "ITV"}}]
| false |
# 1440s in Denmark
Events from the 1440s in Denmark.
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Christopher III (until 5 January 1448),[1] Christian I[2]
- Steward of the Realm – Albrecht Morer (1439–40), Erik Nielsen Gyldenstjerne (1441–42), Otte Nielsen Rosenkrantz (1445–52)
## Events
1443
- 1 January – Coronation of Christopher III in Ribe Cathedral.
1448
- Christian I becomes King.[2]
1449
- 28 October – Coronation of Christian I in Copenhagen.
## Deaths
1448
- 5 January – Christopher III (b. 1418)[1]
|
enwiki/37472399
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enwiki
| 37,472,399 |
1440s in Denmark
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1440s_in_Denmark
|
2025-02-16T12:03:47Z
|
en
|
Q4549733
| 68,171 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
Events from the '''1440s in Denmark'''.
==Incumbents==
* Monarch – [[Christopher III of Denmark|Christopher III]] (until 5 January 1448),<ref name=Christopher>{{cite web|title=Christopher III: king of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-III|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=19 November 2019|language=en}}</ref> [[Christian I of Denmark|Christian I]]<ref name=Christian>{{cite web|title=Christian I: Scandinavian king|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christian-I-Scandinavian-king|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=19 November 2019|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Steward of the Realm (Denmark)|Steward of the Realm]] – [[Albrecht Morer]] (1439–40), [[Erik Nielsen Gyldenstjerne]] (1441–42), [[Otte Nielsen Rosenkrantz]] (1445–52)
==Events==
; 1443
* 1 January {{ndash}} Coronation of Christopher III in [[Ribe Cathedral]].
'''1448'''
* [[Christian I of Denmark|Christian I]] becomes King.<ref name=Christian />
;1449
* 28 October {{ndash}} Coronation of Christian I in Copenhagen.
==Births==
{{Further|Category:1440s births}}
==Deaths==
'''1448'''
* 5 January – [[Christopher III of Denmark|Christopher III]] (b. [[1410s in Denmark|1418]])<ref name=Christopher />
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Denmark year nav}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1440s in Denmark}}
[[Category:1440s in Denmark]]
| 1,276,017,906 |
[]
| false |
# 1913 Norwegian Football Cup
The 1913 Norwegian Football Cup was the 12th season of the Norwegian annual knockout football tournament. The tournament was open for 1913 local association leagues (kretsserier) champions, and the defending champion. Odd won their fifth title, having beaten the defending champions Mercantile in the final.
## First round
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| ----------------- | ----- | ------------------- |
| 14 September 1913 | | |
| Lyn (Gjøvik) | 0–7 | Kvik (Fredrikshald) |
| Stavanger | 6–4 | Brann |
- The rest of the teams had a walkover.
## Second round
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| ----------------- | ----- | --------------- |
| 21 September 1913 | | |
| Mercantile | 8–0 | Brage |
| Stavanger | 2–5 | Odd |
| Ørn | w/o | Grane (Arendal) |
- Kvik (Fredrikshald) had a walkover.
## Semi-finals
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| ----------------- | ------------ | ------------------- |
| 29 September 1913 | | |
| Mercantile | 2–1 (a.e.t.) | Kvik (Fredrikshald) |
| Ørn | 0–3 | Odd |
## Final
| Odd | 2–1 | Mercantile |
| ----------------------- | ------ | ----------- |
| Haakonsen 32' · Aas 37' | Report | Iversen 42' |
| Odd: | | |
| | | |
| GK | | Ingolf Pedersen |
| DF | | Otto Aulie |
| DF | | Per Skou |
| MF | | Bjarne Gulbrandsen |
| MF | | Peder Henriksen |
| MF | | Thoalf Grubbe |
| FW | | Henry Reinholdt |
| FW | | Sverre Andersen |
| FW | | Per Haraldsen |
| FW | | Rolf Haakonsen |
| FW | | Jonas Aas |
| Mercantile: | | |
| | | |
| GK | | Sverre Lie |
| DF | | Harald Schreiner |
| DF | | Charles Herlofsen |
| MF | | Thomas Hesselberg Berntzen |
| MF | | Harald Johansen |
| MF | | H. Fredrik Holmsen |
| FW | | Rolf Aass |
| FW | | Kaare Engebretsen |
| FW | | Hans Endrerud |
| FW | | Olaf Iversen |
| FW | | Eystein Holmsen |
|
enwiki/34011357
|
enwiki
| 34,011,357 |
1913 Norwegian Football Cup
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_Norwegian_Football_Cup
|
2024-03-07T11:21:55Z
|
en
|
Q3692967
| 104,020 |
{{Infobox football tournament season
| title = 1913 Norwegian Football Cup
| year =
| other_titles = Norgesmesterskapet i fotball for menn 1913
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| country = Norway
| num_teams = 8
| defending_champions = [[Mercantile SFK|Mercantile]]
| winners = [[Odds BK|Odd]] (5th title)
| second = [[Mercantile SFK|Mercantile]]
| matches = 7
| goals = 41
| scoring_leader =
| player =
| prev_season = [[1912 Norwegian Football Cup|1912]]
| next_season = [[1914 Norwegian Football Cup|1914]]
}}
The '''1913 [[Norwegian Football Cup]]''' was the 12th season of the [[Norway|Norwegian]] annual knockout [[association football|football]] tournament. The tournament was open for [[1913 in Norwegian football|1913]] local association leagues (kretsserier) champions, and the defending champion. [[Odds BK|Odd]] won their fifth title, having beaten the defending champions [[Mercantile SFK|Mercantile]] in the final.
==First round==
{{OneLegStart}}
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#97DEFF"|'''14 September 1913'''
{{OneLegResult|[[SK Gjøvik-Lyn|Lyn (Gjøvik)]] ||0–7|'''[[Kvik Halden FK|Kvik (Fredrikshald)]]'''}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Stavanger IF Fotball|Stavanger]]''' ||6–4|[[SK Brann|Brann]]}}
|}
*The rest of the teams had a walkover.
==Second round==
{{OneLegStart}}
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#97DEFF"|'''21 September 1913'''
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Mercantile SFK|Mercantile]]''' ||8–0|[[SK Brage|Brage]]}}
{{OneLegResult|[[Stavanger IF Fotball|Stavanger]] ||2–5|'''[[Odds BK|Odd]]'''}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[FK Ørn-Horten|Ørn]]''' ||[[Walkover|w/o]]|[[IK Grane|Grane (Arendal)]]}}
|}
*[[Kvik Halden FK|Kvik (Fredrikshald)]] had a walkover.
==Semi-finals==
{{OneLegStart}}
|colspan="3" style="background-color:#97DEFF"|'''29 September 1913'''
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Mercantile SFK|Mercantile]]''' ||2–1 {{aet}}|[[Kvik Halden FK|Kvik (Fredrikshald)]]}}
{{OneLegResult|[[FK Ørn-Horten|Ørn]] ||0–3|'''[[Odds BK|Odd]]'''}}
|}
==Final==
{{football box
|date = 13 October 1913
|team1 = [[Odds BK|Odd]]
|score = 2–1
|report = http://www.rsssf.no/1913/fcup
|team2 = [[Mercantile SFK|Mercantile]]
|goals1 = Haakonsen {{goal|32}}<br />Aas {{goal|37}}
|goals2 = Iversen {{goal|42}}
|stadium = Urædd stadion, [[Porsgrunn]]
|attendance = 10,000
|referee = Ruben Gelford ([[Swedish Football Association|Sweden]])
}}
{| width=100%
|valign=top width=50%|
{| style=font-size:90% cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
|colspan="4"|'''Odd:'''
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK || || Ingolf Pedersen
|-
|DF || || [[Otto Aulie]]
|-
|DF || || [[Per Skou]]
|-
|MF || || Bjarne Gulbrandsen
|-
|MF || || Peder Henriksen
|-
|MF || || Thoalf Grubbe
|-
|FW || || Henry Reinholdt
|-
|FW || || Sverre Andersen
|-
|FW || || Per Haraldsen
|-
|FW || || Rolf Haakonsen
|-
|FW || || Jonas Aas
|}
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style=font-size:90% cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
|colspan="4"|'''Mercantile:'''
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK || || Sverre Lie
|-
|DF || || Harald Schreiner
|-
|DF|| || Charles Herlofsen
|-
|MF || || Thomas Hesselberg Berntzen
|-
|MF |||| Harald Johansen
|-
|MF || || H. Fredrik Holmsen
|-
|FW || || Rolf Aass
|-
|FW || || Kaare Engebretsen
|-
|FW |||| [[Hans Endrerud]]
|-
|FW || || Olaf Iversen
|-
|FW || || Eystein Holmsen
|}
|}
==See also==
*[[1913 in Norwegian football]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.rsssf.no/1913/Cup.html |title=Norwegian cup 1913 |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]] Norway |archive-date=24 May 2008 |access-date=25 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524093003/http://www.rsssf.no/1913/Cup.html}}
*{{cite web |url=http://www.rsssf.no/1913/fcup |title=Cup final in Porsgrunn, October 13 |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation|RSSSF]] Norway |archive-date=24 May 2008 |access-date=25 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524093008/http://www.rsssf.no/1913/fcup}}
*{{cite book |last= Jorsett |first= Per |author2= Arne Scheie|title= Cupen 1902-1999 |publisher= J.M. Stenersens forlag |date=December 1999 |isbn= 82-7201-275-8}}
{{Norwegian Football Cup}}
{{1912–13 in European football (UEFA)}}
{{1913–14 in European football (UEFA)}}
[[Category:Norwegian Football Cup seasons]]
[[Category:1913 domestic association football cups|Norway]]
[[Category:1913 in Norwegian football|Football Cup]]
| 1,212,347,441 |
[{"title": "Tournament details", "data": {"Country": "Norway", "Teams": "8", "Defending champions": "Mercantile"}}, {"title": "Final positions", "data": {"Champions": "Odd (5th title)", "Runner-up": "Mercantile"}}, {"title": "Tournament statistics", "data": {"Matches played": "7", "Goals scored": "41 (5.86 per match)"}}]
| false |
# 10th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
The 10th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (10th AAA Bn) was a United States Marine Corps antiaircraft unit that served during World War II. Formed in 1942 as the 10th Defense Battalion, its original mission was to provide air and coastal defense for advanced naval bases. During the war the battalion took part in combat operations in the Russell Islands and at the Eniwetok. The battalion's tank platoon also saw extensive action on New Georgia and Arundel Island. The battalion was decommissioned before the end of the war on 25 November 1944.
## History
### Organization
The 7th Defense Battalion was commissioned on June 1, 1942 at Marine Corps Base San Diego, California. Lieutenant Colonel Robert Blake was the battalion's first commanding officer. At commissioning the battalion consisted of the following elements:
- H&S Battery
- 155mm Artillery Group
- 90mm AA Group
- Special Weapons Group
### Russell Islands
On August 21 1942, the battalion embarked on the SS Day Star and sailed for the Territory of Hawaii. They arrived at Pearl Harbor on August 31 1942, and proceeded to establish themselves at nearby Camp Catlin. Not long for Hawaii, the battalion departed on February 6 on board the USS Pinkney and the SS Robin Wentley. After a layover in Espiritu Santo they arrived at the Florida Islands on February 24, 1943. The first echelon of the battalion departed on March 14 for the Russell Islands. The remainder of the battalion arrived by March 28, 1943. "A" Battery was located on Pavuvu while "B" Battery was stationed on Mbanika. Originally the battalion established an SCR-270 radar on a mountain on Mbanika. Problems supplying the radar and moisture caused by cloud cover caused it to be moved to a hill on the northeast portion of the island. During May and June 1943, antiaircraft guns of the 10th Defense Battalion engaged numerous Japanese air raids against the newly constructed airfield on Banika. During this time the Commanding Officer of the 10th Defense Battalion also assumed the responsibilities as the Antiaircraft Commander, Russell Islands and Commander Marine Defense Group Solomons.
During July 1943, M3A1 Stuart Light Tanks of the 10th Defense Battalion were assigned to support the 43rd Infantry Division securing Munda Point on New Georgia. After Munda, the tank section was transported via landing craft to Arundel Island where they again provided fire support for the 43rd Infantry during their seizure of the island. On December 30, 1943 the US Army's 13th Antiaircraft Group assumed responsibility for air and coastal defense of the Russell Island.
### Eniwetok
From February 1–7 the battalion loaded on board the SS William H. Allen and the SS Santa Cruz. The ships departed the Russell Islands on February 10 and arrived at Tarawa, where it received verbal orders to proceed to Kwajalein Atoll. Upon arrival off the coast of Kwajalein on February 18 the battalion received orders to organize a 500-man infantry unit (10th Defense Battalion Provisional Landing Force). It was going to serve as the V Amphibious Corps reserve for the upcoming assault on the atoll. The 10th did not land on D-Day as Marines from the 22nd Marine Regiment accomplished the mission on February 22. The battalion went ashore on Eniwetok on February 24 and began set up air and coastal defense guns. It assumed responsibility for air defense of Eniwetok along with Air Warning Squadron 1 whose Air Defense Control Center provided early warning radar and Ground-controlled interception for fighters.
### Reorganization, Hawaii and decommissioning
As the war progressed, the Marine Corps removed coastal artillery from the defense battalions in order to form additional heavy artillery units for the Fleet Marine Force. Because of the divestiture of the coastal defense mission, the battalion was re-designated as the 10th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on May 31, 1944. The seacoast artillery section departed Eniwetok on August 29 sailing for Kauai, Hawaii. Shortly thereafter on September 16 the 51st Defense Battalion assumed responsibility for defense of Eniwetok and Parry Islands. The 10th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion departed the Marshall Islands on September 17 and arrived in Kauai on September 27, 1944. The 10th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion was decommissioned on November 25, 1944 by authority of Fleet Marine Force, Pacific Special Order Number 104-44.
## Unit awards
A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. The 10th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion has been presented with the following awards:
| Streamer | Award | Year(s) | Additional Info |
| -------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | --------- | ------------------------- |
| | Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Streamer with three Bronze Stars | | Solomon Islands, Eniwetok |
| | World War II Victory Streamer | 1941–1945 | Pacific War |
## Citations
1. ↑ Rottman 2002, pp. 212.
2. 1 2 3 Rottman 2002, pp. 217.
3. ↑ Rottman 2002, pp. 211.
4. ↑ Melson 1996b, pp. 31.
5. ↑ Simmons, Ed; Smith, Norm (1995). ECHOES OVER THE PACIFIC: An overview of Allied Air Warning Radar in the Pacific from Pearl Harbor to the Philippines Campaign (PDF). p. 153.
6. ↑ Updegraph 1972, pp. 73.
7. ↑ Melson 1996a, pp. 15–16.
8. ↑ Rottman 2004, pp. 71.
9. ↑ Rottman 2002, pp. 216.
10. ↑ Melson 1996b, pp. 21–22.
11. ↑ War Diary, 1 - 30 November 1944 (Report). First Provisional Antiaircraft Artillery Group. December 1, 1944.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_Antiaircraft_Artillery_Battalion
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Q96359602
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{{Short description|United States Marine Corps WWII antiaircraft unit}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 10th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
|image=
|caption=
|dates=
*December 1, 1942{{sfn |Rottman|2002|pp=212}} – November 25, 1944{{sfn |Rottman|2002|pp=217}}
|country={{flag|United States of America}}
|branch={{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg}} [[United States Marine Corps]]
|type= Air Defense/Coastal Defense
|role=
|size= ~1,100 men
|command_structure=
|current_commander=N/A
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|nickname=
|patron=
|motto=
|colors=
|march=
|mascot=
|battles= '''[[World War II]]'''<br/>[[Solomon Islands campaign]]<br/>[[Battle of Kwajalein]]
|notable_commanders= [[Robert Blake (USMC)]]
|anniversaries=
}}
The '''10th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion''' (10th AAA Bn) was a [[United States Marine Corps]] [[Anti-aircraft warfare|antiaircraft]] unit that served during [[World War II]]. Formed in 1942 as the '''10th Defense Battalion''', its original mission was to provide air and coastal defense for advanced naval bases. During the war the battalion took part in combat operations in the [[Russell Islands]] and at the [[Battle of Eniwetok|Eniwetok]]. The battalion's tank platoon also saw extensive action on [[New Georgia]] and [[Arundel Island]]. The battalion was decommissioned before the end of the war on 25 November 1944.
==History==
===Organization===
The 7th Defense Battalion was commissioned on June 1, 1942 at [[Camp Kearny|Marine Corps Base San Diego]], [[California]].{{sfn|Rottman|2002|pp=211}} Lieutenant Colonel [[Robert Blake (USMC)|Robert Blake]] was the battalion's first commanding officer.{{sfn|Melson|1996b|pp=31}} At commissioning the battalion consisted of the following elements:
*H&S Battery
*155mm Artillery Group
*90mm AA Group
*Special Weapons Group
===Russell Islands===
On August 21 1942, the battalion embarked on the {{SS|Day Star}} and sailed for the [[Territory of Hawaii]]. They arrived at [[Pearl Harbor]] on August 31 1942, and proceeded to establish themselves at nearby Camp Catlin. Not long for Hawaii, the battalion departed on February 6 on board the {{USS|Pinkney}} and the {{SS|Robin Wentley}}. After a layover in [[Espiritu Santo]] they arrived at the [[Florida Islands]] on February 24, 1943. The first echelon of the battalion departed on March 14 for the [[Russell Islands]]. The remainder of the battalion arrived by March 28, 1943. "A" Battery was located on [[Pavuvu]] while "B" Battery was stationed on [[Mbanika]]. Originally the battalion established an [[SCR-270]] radar on a mountain on Mbanika. Problems supplying the radar and moisture caused by cloud cover caused it to be moved to a hill on the northeast portion of the island.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Simmons |first1=Ed |last2=Smith|first2=Norm|author-link= |date= 1995|title= ECHOES OVER THE PACIFIC: An overview of Allied Air Warning Radar in the Pacific from Pearl Harbor to the Philippines Campaign |url= http://www.radarreturns.net.au/archive/EchoesRRWS.pdf|location= |publisher= |page=153 |isbn=}}</ref> During May and June 1943, antiaircraft guns of the 10th Defense Battalion engaged numerous Japanese air raids against the newly constructed [[Yandina Airport|airfield]] on [[Banika]]. During this time the Commanding Officer of the 10th Defense Battalion also assumed the responsibilities as the ''Antiaircraft Commander, Russell Islands'' and ''Commander Marine Defense Group Solomons''.
During July 1943, [[M3 Stuart|M3A1 Stuart Light Tanks]] of the 10th Defense Battalion were assigned to support the [[43rd Infantry Division (United States)|43rd Infantry Division]] securing [[Munda, Solomon Islands|Munda Point]] on [[New Georgia]].{{sfn|Updegraph|1972|pp=73}} After Munda, the tank section was transported via landing craft to [[Arundel Island]] where they again provided fire support for the 43rd Infantry during their seizure of the island.{{sfn|Melson|1996a|pp=15-16}} On December 30, 1943 the [[United States Army|US Army's]] [[13th Antiaircraft Group]] assumed responsibility for air and coastal defense of the Russell Island.
===Eniwetok===
From February 1–7 the battalion loaded on board the {{SS|William H. Allen}} and the {{SS|Santa Cruz|1941|6}}. The ships departed the Russell Islands on February 10 and arrived at [[Tarawa]], where it received verbal orders to proceed to [[Kwajalein Atoll]]. Upon arrival off the coast of Kwajalein on February 18 the battalion received orders to organize a 500-man infantry unit (10th Defense Battalion Provisional Landing Force). It was going to serve as the [[V Amphibious Corps]] reserve for the upcoming assault on the atoll.{{sfn|Rottman|2004|pp=71}} The 10th did not land on D-Day as Marines from the [[22nd Marine Regiment]] accomplished the mission on February 22. The battalion went ashore on [[Enewetak Atoll|Eniwetok]] on February 24 and began set up air and coastal defense guns. It assumed responsibility for air defense of Eniwetok along with [[Marine Air Control Squadron 1|Air Warning Squadron 1]] whose Air Defense Control Center provided [[SCR-270|early warning radar]] and [[Ground-controlled interception]] for fighters.
===Reorganization, Hawaii and decommissioning===
As the war progressed, the Marine Corps removed coastal artillery from the defense battalions in order to form additional heavy artillery units for the [[Fleet Marine Force]].{{sfn |Rottman|2002|pp=216}} Because of the divestiture of the coastal defense mission, the battalion was re-designated as the 10th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion on May 31, 1944.{{sfn |Rottman|2002|pp=217}} The seacoast artillery section departed Eniwetok on August 29 sailing for Kauai, Hawaii. Shortly thereafter on September 16 the [[51st Defense Battalion]] assumed responsibility for defense of Eniwetok and Parry Islands.{{sfn |Melson|1996b|pp=21-22}} The 10th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion departed the [[Marshall Islands]] on September 17 and arrived in Kauai on September 27, 1944. The 10th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion was decommissioned on November 25, 1944 by authority of [[Fleet Marine Force, Pacific]] Special Order Number 104-44.{{sfn|Rottman|2002|pp=217}}<ref>{{cite report |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=December 1, 1944|title=War Diary, 1 - 30 November 1944|publisher=First Provisional Antiaircraft Artillery Group}}</ref>
==Unit awards==
A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. The 10th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion has been presented with the following awards:
{|class=wikitable
! Streamer
! Award
! Year(s)
! Additional Info
|-
||[[File:Streamer APC.PNG|200px]]
||[[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal|Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Streamer]] with three Bronze Stars
||<br />
||Solomon Islands, Eniwetok
|-
||[[File:Streamer WWII V.PNG|200px]]
||[[World War II Victory Medal (United States)|World War II Victory Streamer]]
||1941–1945
||[[Pacific War]]
|}
==See also==
*[[Marine Defense Battalions]]
*[[List of United States Marine Corps aviation support units]]
==Citations==
{{reflist}}
==References==
{{Refbegin}}
;Bibliography
*{{cite book
|title=U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939–1945
|last=Rottman
|first=Gordon L.
|year=2002
|publisher=Greenwood Press
|isbn=0-313-31906-5}}
*{{cite book
|title=US Marine Corps Pacific Theater of Operations 1944-45
|last=Rottman
|first=Gordon L.
|year=2004
|publisher=Osprey Press
|isbn=1841766593}}
;Web
*{{cite book
| last = Melson
| first = Charles D.
| title = Condition Red: Marine Defense Battalions in World War II
| series = Marines in World War II Commemorative Series
| publisher = Marine Corps Historical Center
| location = Washington, D.C.
| year = 1996a
| url = https://www.marines.mil/Portals/1/Publications/Condition%20Red%20Marine%20Defense%20Battalions%20in%20World%20War%20II%20%20PCN%2019000313300_1.pdf
| oclc = 34920984
| lccn = 96174419
| accessdate = 2020-05-17
}} Part 1
*{{cite book
| last = Melson
| first = Charles D.
| title = Condition Red: Marine Defense Battalions in World War II
| series = Marines in World War II Commemorative Series
| publisher = Marine Corps Historical Center
| location = Washington, D.C.
| year = 1996b
| url = https://www.marines.mil/Portals/1/Publications/Condition%20Red%20Marine%20Defense%20Battalions%20in%20World%20War%20II%20%20PCN%2019000313300_2.pdf
| oclc = 34920984
| lccn = 96174419
| accessdate = 2020-05-25
}} Part 2
*{{cite book
| last = Updegraph
| first = George
| title = Special Marine Corps Units of World War II
| series =
| publisher = Marine Corps Historical Center
| location = Washington, D.C.
| year = 1972
| url = https://www.marines.mil/Portals/1/Publications/Special%20Marine%20Corps%20Units%20of%20World%20War%20II%20%20PCN%2019000413200.pdf
| oclc =
| lccn =
| accessdate = 2020-05-25
}}
{{Refend}}
{{US Marine Corps navbox}}
[[Category:Artillery battalions of the U.S. Marine Corps in World War II|AAA10]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1942]]
[[Category:Inactive units of the United States Marine Corps|AAA]]
[[Category:Air defense units and formations of the United States Marine Corps|10]]
| 1,216,396,681 |
[{"title": "10th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion", "data": {"Active": "- December 1, 1942 \u2013 November 25, 1944", "Country": "United States of America", "Branch": "United States Marine Corps", "Type": "Air Defense/Coastal Defense", "Size": "~1,100 men", "Engagements": "World War II \u00b7 Solomon Islands campaign \u00b7 Battle of Kwajalein"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Current \u00b7 commander": "N/A", "Notable \u00b7 commanders": "Robert Blake (USMC)"}}]
| false |
# 10 Lekë
10 Lekë (10 L) have a value of 10 Albanian lek.
|
enwiki/30268854
|
enwiki
| 30,268,854 |
10 Lekë
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_Lek%C3%AB
|
2025-01-26T05:34:06Z
|
en
|
Q4546884
| 29,522 |
{{More citations needed|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox coin
| Country = [[Albania]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101104023518/http://www.msymboll.totalh.com/europa_albanian_lek_coins.htm] </ref>
| Denomination = 10 [[Albanian lek|Lekë]]
| Value = 10
| Unit = [[Albanian lek]]
| Mass_troy_oz =
| Mass = 3.6
| Diameter_inch =
| Diameter = 21.25
| Thickness_inch =
| Thickness =
| Edge = Edge
| Composition = Cu Al6 Ni2
| Years of Minting = 1996<br>2000<br>2009
| Catalog Number =
| Obverse =
| Obverse Design =
| Obverse Designer =
| Obverse Design Date = 1996
| Reverse =
| Reverse Design = [[Berat Castle]]
| Reverse Designer =
| Reverse Design Date = 1996
}}
'''10 [[Albanian lek|Lekë]]''' (10 L) have a value of 10 [[Albanian lek]].
==References==
{{Portal|Money|Numismatics}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Lek}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:10 Leke}}
[[Category:Currencies of Albania]]
[[Category:Ten-base-unit coins]]
{{money-unit-stub}}
| 1,271,883,739 |
[{"title": "10 Lek\u00eb", "data": {"Value": "10 Albanian lek", "Mass": "3.6 g", "Diameter": "21.25 mm", "Edge": "Edge", "Composition": "Cu Al6 Ni2", "Years of minting": "1996 \u00b7 2000 \u00b7 2009"}}, {"title": "Obverse", "data": {"Design date": "1996"}}, {"title": "Reverse", "data": {"Design": "Berat Castle", "Design date": "1996"}}]
| false |
# 1904 Idaho gubernatorial election
The 1904 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1904. Republican nominee Frank R. Gooding defeated Democratic nominee Henry Heitfeld with 58.74% of the vote.
## General election
### Candidates
Major party candidates
- Frank R. Gooding, Republican
- Henry Heitfeld, Democratic
Other candidates
- Theodore B. Shaw, Socialist
- Edwin R. Headley, Prohibition
- T. W. Bartley, People's
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------- | ---------------- | ------ | ------ | -- |
| | Republican | Frank R. Gooding | 41,877 | 58.74% | |
| | Democratic | Henry Heitfeld | 24,252 | 34.02% | |
| | Socialist | Theodore B. Shaw | 4,000 | 5.61% | |
| | Prohibition | Edwin R. Headley | 990 | 1.39% | |
| | Populist | T. W. Bartley | 179 | 0.25% | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 17,625 | | |
| Turnout | | | | | |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Swing | | |
|
enwiki/65694492
|
enwiki
| 65,694,492 |
1904 Idaho gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_Idaho_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-31T02:47:25Z
|
en
|
Q104866512
| 134,132 |
{{Short description|none}}
{{for|related races|1904 United States gubernatorial elections}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1904 Idaho gubernatorial election
| country = Idaho
|flag_year=1907
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1902 Idaho gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1902
| next_election = 1906 Idaho gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1906
| election_date = November 8, 1904
| image1 = File:Frankgooding.jpg
|image_size = 150x150px
| nominee1 = '''[[Frank R. Gooding]]'''
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''41,877'''
| percentage1 = '''58.74%'''
| image2 = File:Henry Heitfeld (senator).jpg
| nominee2 = [[Henry Heitfeld]]
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 24,252
| percentage2 = 34.02%
| image3 = 3x4.svg
| popular_vote3 = 4,000
| nominee3 = Theodore B. Shaw
| percentage3 = 5.61%
| party3 = Socialist Party of America
| map_image = 1904 Idaho gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 160px
| map_caption = Results by county<br/>'''Gooding:''' {{legend0|#ffb2b2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend0|#d75d5d|60–70%}} {{legend0|#d72f30|70–80%}}<br/>'''Heitfeld:''' {{legend0|#a5b0ff|40–50%}} {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}}
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[John T. Morrison]]
| before_party = Republican Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Frank R. Gooding]]
| after_party = Republican Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsID}}
The '''1904 Idaho gubernatorial election''' was held on November 8, 1904. [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee [[Frank R. Gooding]] defeated [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee [[Henry Heitfeld]] with 58.74% of the vote.
==General election==
===Candidates===
'''Major party candidates'''
*Frank R. Gooding, Republican
*Henry Heitfeld, Democratic
'''Other candidates'''
*Theodore B. Shaw, Socialist
*Edwin R. Headley, Prohibition
*T. W. Bartley, People's
===Results===
{{Election box begin | title=1904 Idaho gubernatorial election<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CZECwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1690 |title=Guide to U.S. Elections |date= 24 December 2015|isbn=9781483380353 |access-date=2020-10-26|last1=Kalb |first1=Deborah }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Frank R. Gooding]]
| votes = 41,877
| percentage = 58.74%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Henry Heitfeld]]
| votes = 24,252
| percentage = 34.02%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Socialist Party of America
| candidate = Theodore B. Shaw
| votes = 4,000
| percentage = 5.61%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = Edwin R. Headley
| votes = 990
| percentage = 1.39%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = People's Party (United States)
| candidate = T. W. Bartley
| votes = 179
| percentage = 0.25%
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 17,625
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes =
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Republican Party (United States)
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}{{1904 United States elections|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Idaho gubernatorial elections|1904]]
[[Category:1904 United States gubernatorial elections|Idaho]]
[[Category:1904 Idaho elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:November 1904 in the United States]]
| 1,272,971,759 |
[{"title": "1904 Idaho gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1902": "November 8, 1904 \u00b7 1906 \u2192", "Nominee": "Frank R. Gooding \u00b7 Henry Heitfeld \u00b7 Theodore B. Shaw", "Party": "Republican \u00b7 Democratic \u00b7 Socialist", "Popular vote": "41,877 \u00b7 24,252 \u00b7 4,000", "Percentage": "58.74% \u00b7 34.02% \u00b7 5.61%", "Governor before election \u00b7 John T. Morrison \u00b7 Republican": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Frank R. Gooding \u00b7 Republican"}}]
| false |
# 10th Sustainment Brigade
The 10th Sustainment Brigade, officially redesignated as the 10th Mountain Division Sustainment Brigade in May 2015, is a sustainment brigade of the United States Army. It provides logistical support to the 10th Mountain Division and is located on Fort Drum in Northern New York State.
## History
### Origins
The soldiers of the 10th Division Support Command (DISCOM) can trace their heritage directly back to the Alpine Infantrymen and their pack mules that formed the Mountain Medical, Quartermaster, and Ordnance Maintenance Battalions which supported the US 10th Infantry Division during World War II. The Division Trains, as they were called, were organized and assigned to the 10th Infantry Division on 14 June 1957 and activated in Germany On 1 July 1957.
When the Division was officially reactivated as the 10th Mountain Division on 13 February 1985 at Fort Drum, New York, the Division Trains found a new home. Redesignated as the 10th Division Support Command, the headquarters element organized with the 10th Supply and Transportation Battalion, the 10th Medical Battalion, and the 710th Maintenance Battalion (which became the 10th Forward Support Battalion, the 210th Forward Support Battalion, and the 710th Main Support Battalion respectively), all committed to supporting the Mountain soldiers in this new Light Infantry Division. On 16 August 1987, the 548th Supply and Services Battalion was moved from Fort McClellan, Alabama, and was assigned to the Fort Drum Garrison. On 16 November 1993, the battalion was reorganized as the 548th Corps Support Battalion and became part of the 10th DISCOM.
### Gulf War
Since its reactivation, the 10th DISCOM has deployed in support of multiple operations, both in the United States and abroad. In September 1990, the 548th CSB deployed to Southwest Asia for Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, providing critical combat service support to units operating in Saudi Arabia and Iraq.
### Hurricane Andrew
In August, 1992 elements of the 10th DISCOM deployed to Florida in support of Hurricane Andrew Relief Operations, providing desperately needed supply, maintenance, and medical support to the general public and government agencies involved in the reconstruction of south Florida and the Gulf States.
### Operation Restore Hope
In December, 1992 the 10th DISCOM deployed again, this time to Somalia in support of Operation Restore Hope. The ranks and responsibilities of the Muleskinners grew dramatically as they sustained, maintained, and cared for several rotations of Division soldiers while supporting humanitarian assistance to the local population.
### Operation Uphold Democracy
In September 1994, the 10th DISCOM was called upon again and deployed with the Division to Haiti in their traditional role as providers and sustainers, while also supporting humanitarian operations as part of Operation Uphold Democracy.
### The Balkans
In August 1999, elements of the 10th DISCOM deployed to the Balkans in support of peacekeeping operations as part of Task Force Eagle in Bosnia. In November 2001, elements from the DISCOM deployed to Kosovo in support of Task Force Falcon.
The 10th Sustainment Brigade is a sustainment brigade of the United States Army. It provides logistical support to the 10th Mountain Division and is located on Fort Drum in Northern New York State.
## Units
- 10th Division Special Troops Battalion (10th DSTB)
- HHC (Headquarters and Headquarters Company)
- 226 Signal Company
- 510 Human Resources Company
- 620th Movement Control Team
- 593rd Field Feeding Company
- 548th Division Sustainment Support Battalion (548th DSSB)
- HHD (Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment)
- Alpha Company
- Bravo Company
- Charlie Company
|
enwiki/14712537
|
enwiki
| 14,712,537 |
10th Sustainment Brigade
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_Sustainment_Brigade
|
2024-09-19T13:26:31Z
|
en
|
Q4547168
| 44,618 |
{{Use American English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 10th Mountain Division Sustainment Brigade
| image = Shoulder sleeve insignia of the 10th Mountain Division (1944-2015).svg
| image_size = 160px
| caption = Insignia of the 10th Mountain Division
| dates = 1 July 1957 - present
| country = United States
| allegiance = [[United States of America]]
| branch = [[United States Army]]
| type = [[Sustainment Brigade]]
| role =
| size =
| command_structure = [[United States Army Forces Command|FORSCOM]]
| garrison =
| garrison_label =
| nickname = Muleskinners
| patron =
| motto = Support The Climb/Sustain The Climb
| colors =
| colors_label =
| march =
| mascot =
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| battles =
| anniversaries =
| decorations =
| battle_honours = <!-- Commanders -->
| commander1 =
| commander1_label = COL Shawn C. Schuldt
| commander2 =
| commander2_label =
| commander3 =
| commander3_label =
| notable_commanders =
| identification_symbol = [[File:10th Sustainment Brigade.jpg|125px|center]]
| identification_symbol_label = Former shoulder sleeve insignia
| identification_symbol_2 = [[File:10SustainBdeDUI.jpg|150px]]
| identification_symbol_2_label = Distinctive Unit Insignia
}}
{{US 10th Mountain Division}}
[[File:Flickr - The U.S. Army - unearthing a tank.jpg|thumb|10th Sustainment Brigade soldiers unearth a tank in Iraq.]]
The '''10th Sustainment Brigade''', officially redesignated as the '''10th Mountain Division Sustainment Brigade''' in May 2015, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dvidshub.net/news/165373/officially-10th-mountain|title = Officially 10th Mountain}}</ref> is a [[Sustainment Brigade|sustainment]] [[brigade]] of the [[United States Army]]. It provides logistical support to the [[10th Mountain Division (United States)|10th Mountain Division]] and is located on [[Fort Drum]] in Northern New York State.
==History==
===Origins===
The soldiers of the 10th Division Support Command (DISCOM) can trace their heritage directly back to the [[Alpine Warfare|Alpine]] [[Infantrymen]] and their pack mules that formed the Mountain Medical, [[Quartermaster]], and Ordnance Maintenance [[Battalion]]s which supported the US 10th Infantry Division during [[World War II]].<ref name="GSO">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/10mtn-discom.htm GlobalSecurity.org: 10th Sustainment Brigade], GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 04-15-2008.</ref> The Division Trains, as they were called, were organized and assigned to the 10th Infantry Division on 14 June 1957 and activated in Germany On 1 July 1957.
When the [[Division (military)|Division]] was officially reactivated as the 10th Mountain Division on 13 February 1985 at [[Fort Drum]], New York, the Division Trains found a new home.<ref name="GSO"/> Redesignated as the 10th Division Support Command, the headquarters element organized with the [[10th Transportation Battalion (United States)|10th Supply and Transportation Battalion]], the [[10th Medical Battalion]], and the [[710th Maintenance Battalion]] (which became the [[10th Forward Support Battalion]], the [[210th Forward Support Battalion]], and the [[710th Main Support Battalion]] respectively), all committed to supporting the Mountain soldiers in this new Light Infantry Division.<ref name="GSO"/> On 16 August 1987, the [[548th Supply and Services Battalion]] was moved from [[Fort McClellan]], Alabama, and was assigned to the Fort Drum Garrison. On 16 November 1993, the battalion was reorganized as the [[548th Corps Support Battalion]] and became part of the 10th DISCOM.<ref name="bdehist">[http://www.drum.army.mil/sites/tenants/division/SPT-BDE/HQ/10th_SPT_BDE_HISTORY.htm 10th Sustainment Brigade Homepage: Unit History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070521235704/http://www.drum.army.mil/sites/tenants/division/SPT-BDE/HQ/10th_SPT_BDE_HISTORY.htm |date=21 May 2007 }}, 10th Sustainment Brigade Staff. Retrieved 4 December 2008</ref>
===Gulf War===
Since its reactivation, the 10th DISCOM has deployed in support of multiple operations, both in the United States and abroad. In September 1990, the 548th CSB deployed to Southwest Asia for [[Operations Desert Shield]] and [[Desert Storm]], providing critical combat service support to units operating in [[Saudi Arabia]] and [[Iraq]].<ref name="GSO"/>
===Hurricane Andrew===
In August, 1992 elements of the 10th DISCOM deployed to Florida in support of [[Hurricane Andrew]] Relief Operations, providing desperately needed supply, maintenance, and medical support to the general public and government agencies involved in the reconstruction of south Florida and the Gulf States.
===Operation Restore Hope===
In December, 1992 the 10th DISCOM deployed again, this time to [[Somalia]] in support of [[Operation Restore Hope]]. The ranks and responsibilities of the Muleskinners grew dramatically as they sustained, maintained, and cared for several rotations of Division soldiers while supporting humanitarian assistance to the local population.<ref name="bdehist"/>
===Operation Uphold Democracy===
In September 1994, the 10th DISCOM was called upon again and deployed with the Division to [[Haiti]] in their traditional role as providers and sustainers, while also supporting humanitarian operations as part of [[Operation Uphold Democracy]].<ref name="GSO"/>
===The Balkans===
In August 1999, elements of the 10th DISCOM deployed to the [[Balkans]] in support of peacekeeping operations as part of [[Task Force Eagle]] in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]]. In November 2001, elements from the DISCOM deployed to [[Kosovo]] in support of [[Task Force Falcon (US)|Task Force Falcon]].<ref name="bdehist"/>
The 10th Sustainment Brigade is a sustainment brigade of the United States Army. It provides logistical support to the 10th Mountain Division and is located on Fort Drum in Northern New York State.
== Units ==
* 10th Division Special Troops Battalion (10th DSTB)
** HHC (Headquarters and Headquarters Company)
** 226 Signal Company
** 510 Human Resources Company
** 620th Movement Control Team
** 593rd Field Feeding Company
* 548th Division Sustainment Support Battalion (548th DSSB)
** HHD (Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment)
** Alpha Company
** Bravo Company
** Charlie Company
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.drum.army.mil/sites/tenants/division/SPT-BDE/ Homepage of the 10th Sustainment Brigade] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081231183352/http://www.drum.army.mil/sites/tenants/division/SPT-BDE/ |date=31 December 2008 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080110102055/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Sustain/10SustainmentBrigade.htm The Institute of Heraldry: 10th Sustainment Brigade]
[[Category:Sustainment Brigades of the United States Army|010]]
[[Category:10th Mountain Division (United States)]]
| 1,246,523,328 |
[{"title": "10th Mountain Division Sustainment Brigade", "data": {"Active": "1 July 1957 - present", "Country": "United States", "Allegiance": "United States of America", "Branch": "United States Army", "Type": "Sustainment Brigade", "Part of": "FORSCOM", "Nickname(s)": "Muleskinners", "Motto(s)": "Support The Climb/Sustain The Climb"}}]
| false |
# 1657 in Sweden
Events from the year 1657 in Sweden
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Charles X Gustav
## Events
- June 1 – Dano-Swedish War (1657–1658): King Frederick III of Denmark signs a manifesto de facto declaring war on Sweden.
- July - The Stockholms Banco is opened.
- July 8 - Battle of Walk
- August 17 - Battle of Dirschau
## Births
- - Ebba Maria De la Gardie, poet and singer (died 1697)
## Deaths
- May 5 - Anders Eriksson Hästehufvud, officer (born 1577)[1]
- May 10 - Gustav Horn, Count of Pori, politician (born 1592)
- September 7 - Arvid Wittenberg, count, field marshal and privy councillor (born 1606)
- December 5 - Johan Oxenstierna, politician (born 1611)
- Stormor i Dalom, vicars wife and local profile (born 1594)
|
enwiki/47301771
|
enwiki
| 47,301,771 |
1657 in Sweden
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1657_in_Sweden
|
2025-03-09T06:39:45Z
|
en
|
Q21187038
| 81,439 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{yearbox|
in?= in Sweden|
}}
Events from the year '''1657 in [[Sweden]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Swedish monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Charles X Gustav]]
==Events==
* [[June 1]] – [[Dano-Swedish War (1657–1658)]]: King [[Frederick III of Denmark]] signs a manifesto ''de facto'' declaring war on [[Sweden]].
* July - The [[Stockholms Banco]] is opened.
* [[July 8]] - [[Battle of Walk]]
* [[August 17]] - [[Battle of Dirschau]]
*
==Births==
{{Expand section|date=July 2015}}
* - [[Ebba Maria De la Gardie]], poet and singer (died [[1697 in Sweden |1697]])
*
*
*
*
*
==Deaths==
* [[May 5]] - [[Anders Eriksson Hästehufvud]], officer (born [[1577 in Sweden |1577]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anders Eriksson Hästehufvud |url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Mobil/Artikel/13998 |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=sok.riksarkivet.se}}</ref>
* [[May 10]] - [[Gustav Horn, Count of Pori]], politician (born [[1592 in Sweden |1592]])
* [[September 7]] - [[Arvid Wittenberg]], count, field marshal and privy councillor (born [[1606 in Sweden |1606]])
* [[December 5]] - [[Johan Oxenstierna]], politician (born [[1611 in Sweden |1611]])
* [[Stormor i Dalom]], vicars wife and local profile (born [[1594 in Sweden |1594]])
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Year in Europe|1657}}
{{Years in Sweden}}
[[Category:1657 in Sweden| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 17th century in Sweden]]
[[Category:1657 by country|Sweden]]
{{Sweden-year-stub}}
| 1,279,555,792 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"Years in Sweden": "1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660", "Centuries": "16th century \u00b7 17th century \u00b7 18th century", "Decades": "1620s 1630s 1640s 1650s 1660s 1670s 1680s", "Years": "1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660"}}]
| false |
# 1913 in Ireland
Events from the year 1913 in Ireland.
## Events
- 13 January – Edward Carson founded the Ulster Volunteer Force by unifying several existing loyalist militias.[1]
- 30 January – At Westminster the House of Lords rejected the 3rd Home Rule Bill by 326 to 69.
- 10 February – John Redmond opened the replacement city bridge over the River Suir in Waterford that will be named after him.[2]
- 7 July – The Home Rule Bill was once again carried in the House of Commons, despite attempts by Bonar Law to obstruct it.
- 26 August – Dublin Lock-out: members of James Larkin's Irish Transport and General Workers' Union employed by the Dublin United Tramways Company began strike action in defiance of the dismissal of trade union members by the chairman, businessman William Martin Murphy.[3]
- 31 August – Dublin Lock-out: the Dublin Metropolitan Police killed one demonstrator and injured 400 in dispersing a demonstration in Sackville Street (Dublin).[1]
- 1 September – Protest by locked-out workers led to serious riots in Dublin. Shops were looted and attempts made to tear up tram lines.
- 2 September – Two tenement houses in Church Street, Dublin, collapsed, killing 7 (including 2 children) and leaving 11 families homeless.[4]
- 3 September – A meeting of 400 employers with William Martin Murphy pledged not to employ any persons who continued to be members of the Irish Transport & General Workers' Union.
- 7 September – A large meeting in Sackville Street asserted the right of free speech, trade union representation, and demanded an enquiry into police conduct.
- 17 September
- In Newry, Edward Carson said that a Provisional Government would be established in Ulster if Home Rule was introduced.
- In Dublin, labour unrest grew with a march of 5,000 people through the city.
- 27 September – Twelve thousand Ulster Volunteers paraded at the Royal Ulster Agricultural Society's show grounds at Balmoral in Belfast to protest against the Home Rule Bill.
- 27 September – In Dublin, the food ship, The Hare, arrived bringing forty tons of food raised by British trade unionists.
- 6 October – An official report on the lockout suggested that workers should be reinstated without having to give a pledge not to join the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union.
- 16 October – Four thousand men and women marched through Dublin in support of James Larkin and the Transport Union.
- 27 October – James Larkin of the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union was sentenced to seven months in prison for seditious language but was released after just over a week.
- 1 November
- Kingstown trade unionist James Byrne, arrested for his part in the lockout, died as the result of a hunger strike.
- Professor Eoin MacNeill's article, The North Began, suggesting formation of pro-self-government Irish Volunteers, appeared in the Gaelic League newspaper An Claidheamh Soluis, at the suggestion of The O'Rahilly.[5]
- 10 November – The Dublin Volunteer Corps enrolled over 2,000 men. They declared that they would preserve the "civil and religious liberties" of Protestants outside Ulster in the event of Irish Home Rule.
- 19 November – The Irish Citizen Army was founded by James Larkin, Jack White, and James Connolly to protect workers in the general lockout.
- 25 November – The pro-Home Rule Irish Volunteers were formed at a meeting attended by 4,000 men in the Rotunda Rink in Dublin.[6]
- 28 November – Bonar Law addressed a huge unionist rally in the Theatre Royal in Dublin, declaring that if Home Rule was introduced Ulster would resist and would have the support of his party.
## Arts and literature
- George A. Birmingham's comedy General John Regan was premièred in London (8 January) and New York City (13 November).
- Winifred Mary Letts published Songs from Leinster.
- Conal Holmes O'Connell O'Riordan produced his play Rope Enough.
- Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha's story An Baile S’Againne was published.
- Katharine Tynan's Irish Poems was published.[7]
- W. B. Yeats' poem "September 1913" was published in The Irish Times during the Dublin Lock-out (8 September).[8] His Poems Written in Discouragement is also published this year.
- English barrister and lyricist Frederic Weatherly published the ballad "Danny Boy" set to the Londonderry Air.
- English music hall comedian Arthur Lucan met and married (25 November) 16-year-old actress Kitty McShane in Dublin.
## Sport
### Association football
- International
18 January Ireland 0–1 Wales (in Belfast)[9]
15 February Ireland 2–1 England (in Belfast)[9]
15 March Ireland 1–2 Scotland (in Dublin)[9]
- Irish League
Winners: Glentoran
- Irish Cup
Winners: Linfield 2–0 Glentoran
- Derry Celtic were relegated and subsequently voted out of the Irish Football League; they never played senior football again.
### Gaelic games
- All-Ireland Senior Football Championship 1913 Winners: Kerry
- All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1913 Winners: Kilkenny
## Births
- 19 January – Matt O'Mahoney, international soccer player (died 1992).
- 22 January – William Conway, Cardinal Archbishop of Armagh (died 1977).
- 30 January – Kevin Danaher, folklorist and writer (died 2002).
- 15 February – William Scott, Ulster Scots painter (died 1989).
- 13 March – Joe Kelly, motor racing driver (died 1993).
- 29 March – Niall MacGinnis, actor (died circa 1977).
- 13 April – David Grene, classical scholar (died 2002).
- 14 April – Galbraith Lowry-Corry, 7th Earl Belmore, soldier and deputy lieutenant for County Fermanagh (died 1960).
- 1 May – Maurice Gibson, Northern Irish judge (died 1987).
- 19 May – Seán Moore, Fianna Fáil party Teachta Dála (TD) (died 1986).
- 5 June – Peter Doherty, footballer (died 1990).
- 6 June – Patrick Campbell, 3rd Baron Glenavy, journalist and author (died 1980).
- 17 August – Harry Baird, soccer player (died 1973).
- 28 August – John Mackey, Limerick hurler (died 1989).
- 31 August – Jack Doyle, boxer, actor and singer (died 1978).
- 20 September – Bernard Bergin, cricketer (died 1985).
- 23 September – Samuel Edgar, cricketer (died 1937).
- 25 September – Tony O'Malley, painter (died 2003).
- 9 October – Harry Bradshaw, golfer (died 1990).
- 18 October – David Lord, Royal Air Force pilot, posthumous recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry at Arnhem (died 1944).
- V24 November – Geraldine Fitzgerald, film & television actress (died 2005)
- 3 December – Gerry Healy, British Trotskyist leader (died 1989).
- Full date unknown – Sigerson Clifford, poet and playwright (died 1985).
## Deaths
- 3 January – James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn, politician and diplomat (born 1838).
- 21 February – John Joseph Hogan, first Bishop of the Dioceses of Saint Joseph, Missouri and Kansas City, Missouri (born 1829).
- 15 March – Max Arthur Macauliffe, British administrator, scholar and author (born 1841).
- 25 March – Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley, soldier (born 1833).
- 4 April – Edward Dowden, critic and poet (born 1843).
- 6 April – Somerset Lowry-Corry, 4th Earl Belmore, soldier, politician and Lord Lieutenant for County Tyrone (born 1835).
- 17 April – Barton McGuckin, tenor singer (born 1852).
- 25 April – Arthur Thomas Moore, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1857 at the Battle of Khushab, Persia (born 1830).
- 22 May – Edward Gibson, 1st Baron Ashbourne, lawyer and Lord Chancellor of Ireland (born 1837).
- 1 June – James O'Halloran, lawyer and politician in Quebec (born circa 1820).
- 1 October – Eugene O'Keefe, businessman and philanthropist in Canada (born 1827).
- 5 October – Patrick Augustine Sheehan, priest, author and political activist (born 1852).
- 19 October – Emily Lawless, writer, died in England (born 1845).
- 18 December – Thomas Kingsmill Abbott, scholar and educator (born 1829 1829).
|
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1913 in Ireland
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_in_Ireland
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2024-11-29T01:46:00Z
|
en
|
Q4559727
| 169,592 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Hiberno-English|date=August 2022}}
{{YearInIrelandNav|1913}}
Events from the year '''1913 in Ireland'''.
== Events ==
* 13 January – [[Edward Carson]] founded the [[Ulster Volunteer Force]] by unifying several existing [[Ulster loyalism|loyalist]] [[militia]]s.<ref name=Cottrell>{{cite book|first=Peter|last=Cottrell|title=The War for Ireland, 1913–1923|url=https://archive.org/details/warforirelandgen00cott|url-access=limited|location=Oxford|publisher=Osprey|year=2009|isbn=978-1-84603-9966|page=[https://archive.org/details/warforirelandgen00cott/page/n14 14]}}</ref>
* 30 January – At Westminster the [[House of Lords]] rejected the [[Government of Ireland Act 1914|3rd Home Rule Bill]] by 326 to 69.
* 10 February – [[John Redmond]] opened the replacement city bridge over the [[River Suir]] in [[Waterford]] that will be named after him.<ref>{{cite web|title=Redmond Bridge|work=Ask about Ireland|url=http://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/environment-geography/transport/waterford-bridges-1/redmond-bridge/|access-date=2015-11-17}}</ref>
* 7 July – The Home Rule Bill was once again carried in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]], despite attempts by [[Bonar Law]] to obstruct it.
* 26 August – [[Dublin Lock-out]]: members of [[James Larkin]]'s [[Irish Transport and General Workers' Union]] employed by the [[Dublin United Transport Company|Dublin United Tramways Company]] began strike action in defiance of the dismissal of trade union members by the chairman, businessman [[William Martin Murphy]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Padraig|last=Yeates|title=The Dublin 1913 Lockout|url=http://www.historyireland.com//volumes/volume9/issue2/features/?id=259|year=2009|journal=[[History Ireland]]|volume=9|issue=2|access-date=2012-10-19}}</ref>
* 31 August – Dublin Lock-out: the [[Dublin Metropolitan Police]] killed one demonstrator and injured 400 in dispersing a demonstration in [[Sackville Street (Dublin)]].<ref name=Cottrell/>
* 1 September – Protest by locked-out workers led to serious riots in Dublin. Shops were looted and attempts made to tear up tram lines.
[[File:1913lockout.jpg|300px|thumb|right|[[Dublin Metropolitan Police]] break up a union rally on [[O'Connell Street|Sackville Street]], August 1913]]
* 2 September – Two [[tenement]] houses in Church Street, Dublin, collapsed, killing 7 (including 2 children) and leaving 11 families homeless.<ref>{{cite news|first=James|last=Curry|title=Column: 'A tragedy of the very poor' – Remembering the 1913 Church Street disaster|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/readme/1913-church-street-disaster-anniversary-1053950-Sep2013/|work=thejournal.ie|date=2013-09-02|access-date=2019-02-08}}</ref>
* 3 September – A meeting of 400 employers with [[William Martin Murphy]] pledged not to employ any persons who continued to be members of the Irish Transport & General Workers' Union.
* 7 September – A large meeting in Sackville Street asserted the right of free speech, trade union representation, and demanded an enquiry into police conduct.
* 17 September
** In [[Newry]], [[Edward Carson]] said that a Provisional Government would be established in [[Ulster]] if Home Rule was introduced.
** In Dublin, labour unrest grew with a march of 5,000 people through the city.
* 27 September – Twelve thousand Ulster Volunteers paraded at the Royal Ulster Agricultural Society's show grounds at Balmoral in [[Belfast]] to protest against the Home Rule Bill.
* 27 September – In [[Dublin]], the food ship, ''The Hare'', arrived bringing forty tons of food raised by British [[trade union]]ists.
* 6 October – An official report on the lockout suggested that workers should be reinstated without having to give a pledge not to join the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union.
* 16 October – Four thousand men and women marched through Dublin in support of [[James Larkin]] and the Transport Union.
* 27 October – [[James Larkin]] of the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union was sentenced to seven months in prison for seditious language but was released after just over a week.
* 1 November
** [[Dún Laoghaire|Kingstown]] trade unionist James Byrne, arrested for his part in the lockout, died as the result of a [[hunger strike]].
** Professor [[Eoin MacNeill]]'s article, ''The North Began'', suggesting formation of pro-self-government [[Irish Volunteers]], appeared in the [[Gaelic League]] newspaper ''[[An Claidheamh Soluis]]'', at the suggestion of [[The O'Rahilly]].<ref>{{cite book|last=McGee|first=Owen|title=The IRB: The Irish Republican Brotherhood from the Land League to Sinn Féin|publisher=MPG Books|location=Bodmin|year=2005|page=354|isbn=978-1-84682-064-9}}</ref>
* 10 November – The Dublin Volunteer Corps enrolled over 2,000 men. They declared that they would preserve the "civil and religious liberties" of [[Protestants]] outside [[Ulster]] in the event of [[Irish Home Rule Movement|Irish Home Rule]].
* 19 November – The [[Irish Citizen Army]] was founded by [[James Larkin]], [[Jack White (trade unionist)|Jack White]], and [[James Connolly]] to protect workers in the general lockout.
* 25 November – The pro-Home Rule [[Irish Volunteers]] were formed at a meeting attended by 4,000 men in the Rotunda Rink in Dublin.<ref>{{cite book|last1=White|first1=Gerry|last2=O’Shea|first2=Brendan|title=Irish Volunteer Soldiers 1913–23|page=8|publisher=Osprey|location=Oxford|year=2003|isbn=978-1-84176-685-0}}</ref>
* 28 November – [[Bonar Law]] addressed a huge [[Unionists (Ireland)|unionist]] rally in the Theatre Royal in Dublin, declaring that if Home Rule was introduced [[Ulster]] would resist and would have the support of his party.
== Arts and literature ==
* [[George A. Birmingham]]'s comedy ''[[General John Regan (play)|General John Regan]]'' was premièred in London (8 January) and [[New York City]] (13 November).
* [[Winifred Mary Letts]] published ''Songs from Leinster''.
* [[Conal Holmes O'Connell O'Riordan]] produced his play ''Rope Enough''.
* [[Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha]]'s story ''An Baile S’Againne'' was published.
* [[Katharine Tynan]]'s ''Irish Poems'' was published.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Cox, Michael|title=The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-19-860634-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conciseoxfordchr00coxm}}</ref>
* [[W. B. Yeats]]' poem "[https://web.archive.org/web/20080714154629/http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/september-1913/ September 1913]" was published in ''[[The Irish Times]]'' during the [[Dublin Lock-out]] (8 September).<ref>Collected in ''Responsibilities, and Other Poems'' (1916).</ref> His ''Poems Written in Discouragement'' is also published this year.
* English barrister and lyricist [[Frederic Weatherly]] published the ballad "[[Danny Boy]]" set to the [[Londonderry Air]].
* English [[music hall]] comedian [[Arthur Lucan]] met and married (25 November) 16-year-old actress [[Kitty McShane]] in Dublin.
== Sport ==
=== Association football ===
<!--These are description lists; please see [[Help:List]] before changing-->
*;International
*:18 January Ireland 0–1 Wales (in [[Belfast]])<ref name="DH">{{cite book | last=Hayes, Dean| year=2006 |title=Northern Ireland International Football Facts | publisher=Appletree Press | location= Belfast | pages=161–162|isbn=0-86281-874-5}}</ref>
*:15 February Ireland 2–1 England (in [[Belfast]])<ref name="DH"/>
*:15 March Ireland 1–2 Scotland (in [[Dublin]])<ref name="DH"/>
*;[[Irish Football League|Irish League]]
*:Winners: [[Glentoran F.C.|Glentoran]]
*;[[Irish Cup]]
*:Winners: [[Linfield F.C.|Linfield]] 2–0 [[Glentoran F.C.|Glentoran]]
*[[Derry Celtic F.C.|Derry Celtic]] were relegated and subsequently voted out of the [[Irish Football League]]; they never played senior football again.
=== Gaelic games ===
* [[All-Ireland Senior Football Championship 1913]] Winners: Kerry
* [[All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship 1913]] Winners: Kilkenny
== Births ==
* 19 January – [[Matt O'Mahoney]], international soccer player (died 1992).
* 22 January – [[William Conway (cardinal)|William Conway]], [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[Archbishop of Armagh (Roman Catholic)|Archbishop of Armagh]] (died 1977).
* 30 January – [[Kevin Danaher]], folklorist and writer (died 2002).
* 15 February – [[William Scott (artist)|William Scott]], [[Ulster Scots people|Ulster Scots]] painter (died 1989).
* 13 March – [[Joe Kelly (Formula One)|Joe Kelly]], motor racing driver (died 1993).
* 29 March – [[Niall MacGinnis]], actor (died circa 1977).
* 13 April – [[David Grene]], classical scholar (died 2002).
* 14 April – [[Galbraith Lowry-Corry, 7th Earl Belmore]], soldier and [[deputy lieutenant]] for [[County Fermanagh]] (died 1960).
* 1 May – [[Maurice Gibson]], Northern Irish judge (died [[1987 in Northern Ireland|1987]]).
* 19 May – [[Seán Moore (Irish politician)|Seán Moore]], [[Fianna Fáil]] party [[Teachta Dála]] (TD) (died 1986).
* 5 June – [[Peter Doherty (footballer)|Peter Doherty]], footballer (died 1990).
* 6 June – [[Patrick Campbell, 3rd Baron Glenavy]], journalist and author (died 1980).
* 17 August – [[Harry Baird (footballer)|Harry Baird]], soccer player (died 1973).
* 28 August – [[John Mackey (hurler)|John Mackey]], [[Limerick GAA|Limerick]] hurler (died 1989).
* 31 August – [[Jack Doyle (boxer)|Jack Doyle]], boxer, actor and singer (died 1978).
* 20 September – [[Bernard Bergin]], cricketer (died 1985).
* 23 September – [[Samuel Edgar]], cricketer (died 1937).
* 25 September – [[Tony O'Malley]], painter (died 2003).
* 9 October – [[Harry Bradshaw (golfer)|Harry Bradshaw]], golfer (died 1990).
* 18 October – [[David Lord (officer)|David Lord]], [[Royal Air Force]] pilot, posthumous recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]] for gallantry at [[Arnhem]] (died 1944).
*V24 November – [[Geraldine Fitzgerald]], film & television actress (died 2005)
* 3 December – [[Gerry Healy]], British [[Trotskyist]] leader (died 1989).
* Full date unknown – [[Sigerson Clifford]], poet and playwright (died 1985).
== Deaths ==
* 3 January – [[James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn]], politician and diplomat (born 1838).
* 21 February – [[John Joseph Hogan]], first Bishop of the Dioceses of [[Saint Joseph, Missouri]] and [[Kansas City, Missouri]] (born 1829).
* 15 March – [[Max Arthur Macauliffe]], British administrator, scholar and author (born 1841).
* 25 March – [[Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley]], soldier (born 1833).
* 4 April – [[Edward Dowden]], critic and poet (born 1843).
* 6 April – [[Somerset Lowry-Corry, 4th Earl Belmore]], soldier, politician and Lord Lieutenant for [[County Tyrone]] (born 1835).
* 17 April – [[Barton McGuckin]], tenor singer (born 1852).
* 25 April – [[Arthur Thomas Moore]], soldier, recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]] for gallantry in 1857 at the [[Battle of Khushab]], [[Qajar dynasty|Persia]] (born 1830).
* 22 May – [[Edward Gibson, 1st Baron Ashbourne]], lawyer and [[Lord Chancellor of Ireland]] (born 1837).
* 1 June – [[James O'Halloran (politician)|James O'Halloran]], lawyer and politician in [[Quebec]] (born circa 1820).
* 1 October – [[Eugene O'Keefe]], businessman and philanthropist in [[Canada]] (born 1827).
* 5 October – [[Patrick Augustine Sheehan]], priest, author and political activist (born 1852).
* 19 October – [[Emily Lawless]], writer, died in England (born 1845).
* 18 December – [[Thomas Kingsmill Abbott]], scholar and educator (born 1829 1829).
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Years in Ireland}}
[[Category:1913 in Ireland| ]]
[[Category:1910s in Ireland]]
[[Category:1913 by country|Ireland]]
[[Category:Years of the 20th century in Ireland]]
[[Category:1913 in the United Kingdom|Ireland]]
| 1,260,133,179 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1912 - 1911 - 1910 - 1909 - 1908": "1913 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Ireland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1914 - 1915 - 1916 - 1917 - 1918", "Centuries": "18th 19th 20th 21st", "Decades": "1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s", "See also": "1913 in the United Kingdom \u00b7 Other events of 1913 \u00b7 List of years in Ireland"}}]
| false |
# 1113 in Italy
Events during the year 1113 in Italy.
## Events
- Republic of Florence conquers the city of Montecascioli.
## Deaths
- Andrew of Gaeta
- Gregory of San Grisogono
## Sources
- Bloch, Herbert (1986). Monte Cassino in the Middle Ages. Volume I (Parts I–III). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Falkenhausen, Vera von (1989). "Dell'Aquila, Riccardo". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Vol. 37. Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italian.
- Horst, Uwe (1980). Die Kanonessammlung Polycarpus des Gregor von S. Grisogono (in German). München: Monumenta Germaniae Historica. ISBN 978-3-921575-98-7. OCLC 185920948.
- Hüls, Rudolf (1977). Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130 (in German). Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom. ISBN 978-3-484-80071-7.
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1113 in Italy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1113_in_Italy
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2024-10-07T13:20:34Z
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en
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Q25064061
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in Italy|1113}}
Events during the year '''1113 in [[Italy]]'''.
==Events==
* [[Republic of Florence]] conquers the city of [[History of Florence#Middle Ages|Montecascioli]].
==Deaths==
* [[Andrew of Gaeta]]
* [[Gregory of San Grisogono]]
==Sources==
*{{cite book |last=Bloch |first=Herbert |title=Monte Cassino in the Middle Ages |series=Volume I (Parts I–III) |year=1986 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location=Cambridge, MA}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |last=Falkenhausen |first=Vera von | authorlink=Vera von Falkenhausen|title=Dell'Aquila, Riccardo |year=1989 |encyclopedia=[[Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani]] |volume=37 |location=Rome |publisher=Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italian |url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/riccardo-dell-aquila_res-2b2ca53a-87ec-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/}}
*{{cite book |last=Horst |first=Uwe |year=1980 |title=Die Kanonessammlung Polycarpus des Gregor von S. Grisogono |isbn=978-3-921575-98-7 |publisher=[[Monumenta Germaniae Historica]] |location=[[Munich|München]] |oclc=185920948|language=German}}
*{{cite book
| last = Hüls
| first = Rudolf
| authorlink =
| title = Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130
| publisher = Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom
| language = German
| series =
| year = 1977
| doi =
| isbn = 978-3-484-80071-7 }}
{{Year in Europe|1113}}
[[Category:Years of the 12th century in Italy]]
[[Category:1113 by country|Italy]]
[[Category:1113 in Europe|Italy]]
{{Italy-hist-stub}}
{{Europe-year-stub}}
| 1,249,907,381 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1112 - 1111 - 1110": "1113 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Italy \u00b7 \u2192 - 1114 - 1115 - 1116", "See also": "History of Italy Timeline of Italian history List of years in Italy"}}]
| false |
# 10th Tactical Wing
The 10th Tactical Wing (Dutch: 10 Tactische Wing) is a wing in the Air Component of the Belgian Armed Forces. It is based at the Kleine Brogel Air Base, in the municipality of Peer. It employs approximately 38 F-16 Fighting Falcons and 1700 staff.
It is organised into three groups, the Flying Group, the Maintenance Group and the Defence and Support Group, and is supported by a medical detachment, a territorial maintenance team and the 701st Munitions Support Squadron, 52d Fighter Wing, United States Air Force. The 701st Munitions Support Squadron maintains U.S. tactical nuclear weapons for use by Belgian aircraft in wartime under the NATO Nuclear sharing policy. The Flying Group comprises the 31st Squadron, the 349th Squadron and an Operational Conversion Unit.
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enwiki
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10th Tactical Wing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_Tactical_Wing
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2024-10-22T00:23:54Z
|
en
|
Q4547173
| 17,439 |
{{no footnotes|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 10th Tactical Wing
| image = 10 Wing (Belgium).png
| image_size = 150px
| caption =
| dates = December 1951–present
| country = {{flag|Belgium|23px}}
| allegiance =
| branch = {{air force|Belgium|23px}}
| type =
| role =
| size =
| command_structure =
| garrison = [[Kleine Brogel]]
| garrison_label =
| nickname =
| patron =
| motto = ''Fortuna favet fortibus''
| colors =
| colors_label =
| march =
| mascot =
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| battles =
| anniversaries =
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
| battle_honours_label =
| disbanded =
| flying_hours =
| website = <!-- Commanders -->
| commander1 = Colonel Jeroen Poesen
| commander1_label =
| commander2 =
| commander2_label =
| commander3 =
| commander3_label =
| commander4 =
| commander4_label =
| notable_commanders = Major General Count Ivan Du Monceau de Bergendal
<!-- Insignia -->| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_label =
| identification_symbol_2 =
| identification_symbol_2_label =
| identification_symbol_3 =
| identification_symbol_3_label =
| identification_symbol_4 =
| identification_symbol_4_label = <!-- Aircraft -->
| aircraft_attack =
| aircraft_bomber =
| aircraft_electronic =
| aircraft_fighter = [[F-16 Fighting Falcon]]
| aircraft_helicopter =
| aircraft_helicopter_attack =
| aircraft_helicopter_cargo =
| aircraft_helicopter_multirole =
| aircraft_helicopter_observation =
| aircraft_helicopter_transport =
| aircraft_helicopter_trainer =
| aircraft_helicopter_utility =
| aircraft_interceptor =
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| aircraft_trainer =
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| aircraft_tanker =
}}
The '''10th Tactical Wing''' ({{langx|nl|10 Tactische Wing}}) is a [[Wing (military aviation unit)|wing]] in the [[Belgian Air Force|Air Component]] of the [[Belgian Armed Forces]]. It is based at the [[Kleine Brogel Air Base]], in the municipality of [[Peer, Belgium|Peer]]. It employs approximately 38 [[F-16 Fighting Falcon]]s and 1700 staff.
It is organised into three groups, the Flying Group, the Maintenance Group and the Defence and Support Group, and is supported by a medical detachment, a territorial maintenance team and the 701st [[List of United States Air Force munitions squadrons|Munitions Support Squadron]], [[52d Fighter Wing]], [[United States Air Force]]. The 701st Munitions Support Squadron maintains U.S. [[tactical nuclear weapon]]s for use by Belgian aircraft in wartime under the NATO [[Nuclear sharing]] policy. The Flying Group comprises the [[31st Squadron (Belgium)|31st Squadron]], the [[349th Squadron (Belgium)|349th Squadron]] and an [[Operational Conversion Unit]].
== External links ==
*[http://www.mil.be/aircomp/units/index.asp?LAN=en&FILE=&ID=639&MENU=0&PAGE=1 Section of the website of the Belgian Ministry of Defence about the 10th Tactical Wing]
* [http://WWW.10WTAC.BE WWW.10WTAC.BE] Website about the insignia of the 10th Tactical Wing
[[Category:Wings of Belgium|Tactical Wing, 10]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Belgium]]
| 1,252,581,440 |
[{"title": "10th Tactical Wing", "data": {"Active": "December 1951\u2013present", "Country": "Belgium", "Branch": "Belgian Air Component", "Garrison/HQ": "Kleine Brogel", "Motto(s)": "Fortuna favet fortibus"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Current \u00b7 commander": "Colonel Jeroen Poesen", "Notable \u00b7 commanders": "Major General Count Ivan Du Monceau de Bergendal"}}, {"title": "Aircraft flown", "data": {"Fighter": "F-16 Fighting Falcon"}}]
| false |
# 15α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate
15α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, abbreviated as 15α-hydroxy-DHEA sulfate or 15α-OH-DHEA-S, also known as 15α-hydroxy-17-oxoandrost-5-en-3β-yl sulfate, is an endogenous, naturally occurring steroid and a metabolic intermediate in the production of estetrol from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) during pregnancy. It is the C3β sulfate ester of 15α-hydroxy-DHEA.
|
enwiki/54181561
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enwiki
| 54,181,561 |
15α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15%CE%B1-Hydroxy-DHEA_sulfate
|
2023-04-25T23:30:29Z
|
en
|
Q30682140
| 64,674 |
{{Chembox
| ImageFile = 15α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate.svg
| ImageSize = 250
| IUPACName = 15α-Hydroxy-17-oxoandrost-5-en-3β-yl hydrogen sulfate
| SystematicName = (3''S'',3a''S'',3b''R'',7''S'',9a''R'',9b''S'',11a''S'')-3-Hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,3,3a,3b,4,6,7,8,9,9a,9b,10,11,11a-tetradecahydro-1''H''-cyclopenta[''a'']phenanthren-7-yl hydrogen sulfate
| OtherNames = 3β,15α-Dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3β-sulfate; 15α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; 15α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate; 15α-OH-DHEA-S
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo =
| PubChem =
| ChemSpiderID =
| SMILES = C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@@H](CC=C4C[C@H](CC[C@]34C)OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)CC2=O
| StdInChI = 1S/C19H28O6S/c1-18-7-5-12(25-26(22,23)24)9-11(18)3-4-13-14(18)6-8-19(2)16(21)10-15(20)17(13)19/h3,12-15,17,20H,4-10H2,1-2H3,(H,22,23,24)/t12-,13+,14-,15-,17+,18-,19+/m0/s1
| StdInChIKey = BORVGNZEVLBZIP-CRYRVXFVSA-N
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C=19|H=28|O=6|S=1
| Appearance =
| Density =
| MeltingPt =
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility =
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| Autoignition =
}}
}}
'''15α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate''', abbreviated as '''15α-hydroxy-DHEA sulfate''' or '''15α-OH-DHEA-S''', also known as '''15α-hydroxy-17-oxoandrost-5-en-3β-yl sulfate''', is an [[endogenous]], [[natural product|naturally occurring]] [[steroid]] and a [[metabolic intermediate]] in the production of [[estetrol]] from [[dehydroepiandrosterone]] (DHEA) during [[pregnancy]].<ref name="(Prof.)2001">{{cite book|author=Roger Smith (Prof.)|title=The Endocrinology of Parturition: Basic Science and Clinical Application|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0N6Ua0O8gWwC&pg=PA91|date=1 January 2001|publisher=Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers|isbn=978-3-8055-7195-1|pages=91–}}</ref><ref name="Josimovich2013">{{cite book|author=J.B. Josimovich|title=Gynecologic Endocrinology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9vv2BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32|date=11 November 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4613-2157-6|pages=32–}}</ref><ref name="IIIBarbieri2013">{{cite book|author1=Jerome F. Strauss, III|author2=Robert L. Barbieri|title=Yen and Jaffe's Reproductive Endocrinology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KZ95AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257|date=13 September 2013|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-2758-2|pages=257–}}</ref> It is the C3β [[sulfate]] [[ester]] of [[15α-hydroxy-DHEA]].<ref name="(Prof.)2001" /><ref name="Josimovich2013" /><ref name="IIIBarbieri2013" />
==See also==
* [[Pregnenolone sulfate]]
* [[Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate]]
* [[16α-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone]]
* [[16α-Hydroxyandrostenedione]]
* [[16α-Hydroxyestrone]]
* [[Estrone sulfate]]
* [[C19H28O6S|C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>28</sub>O<sub>6</sub>S]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Steroid hormones}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate, 15α-}}
[[Category:Secondary alcohols]]
[[Category:Androstanes]]
[[Category:Ketones]]
[[Category:Steroid esters]]
[[Category:Steroid hormones]]
[[Category:Sulfate esters]]
{{steroid-stub}}
| 1,151,738,912 |
[{"title": "Names", "data": {"Names": ["IUPAC name 15\u03b1-Hydroxy-17-oxoandrost-5-en-3\u03b2-yl hydrogen sulfate", "Systematic IUPAC name (3S,3aS,3bR,7S,9aR,9bS,11aS)-3-Hydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,3,3a,3b,4,6,7,8,9,9a,9b,10,11,11a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-yl hydrogen sulfate", "Other names 3\u03b2,15\u03b1-Dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one 3\u03b2-sulfate; 15\u03b1-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; 15\u03b1-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate; 15\u03b1-OH-DHEA-S"]}}, {"title": "Identifiers", "data": {"3D model (JSmol)": "- Interactive image", "Identifiers": ["InChI - InChI=1S/C19H28O6S/c1-18-7-5-12(25-26(22,23)24)9-11(18)3-4-13-14(18)6-8-19(2)16(21)10-15(20)17(13)19/h3,12-15,17,20H,4-10H2,1-2H3,(H,22,23,24)/t12-,13+,14-,15-,17+,18-,19+/m0/s1Key: BORVGNZEVLBZIP-CRYRVXFVSA-N", "SMILES - C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@@H](CC=C4C[C@H](CC[C@]34C)OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)CC2=O"]}}, {"title": "Properties", "data": {"Chemical formula": "C19H28O6S", "Molar mass": "384.49 g\u00b7mol\u22121", "Properties": "Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 \u00b0C [77 \u00b0F], 100 kPa). Infobox references"}}]
| false |
# 116th Mahrattas
The 116th Mahrattas were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. The regiment traces their origins to 1800, when they were raised as the 2nd Battalion, 7th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry.
During World War I the regiment was attached to the 18th Indian Division for the Mesopotamia Campaign. They were involved in the Actions at the Fat-ha Gorge and on the Little Zab and the Battle of Sharqat in October 1918.
After World War I the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments. In 1922, the 116th Mahrattas became the 4th Battalion 5th Mahratta Light Infantry. After independence they were one of the regiments allocated to the Indian Army.
## Predecessor names
- 2nd Battalion, 8th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry - 1800
- 16th Bombay Native Infantry - 1824
- 16th Bombay Infantry - 1885
- 116th Mahrattas - 1903
## Sources
- Barthorp, Michael; Burn, Jeffrey (1979). Indian infantry regiments 1860-1914. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-307-0.
- Rinaldi, Richard A (2008). Order of Battle British Army 1914. Ravi Rikhye. ISBN 978-0-9776072-8-0.
- Sharma, Gautam (1990). Valour and sacrifice: famous regiments of the Indian Army. Allied Publishers. ISBN 81-7023-140-X.
- Sumner, Ian (2001). The Indian Army 1914-1947. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-196-6.
- Moberly, F.J. (September 1997). Official History of the War: Mesopotamia Campaign. Imperial War Museum. ISBN 1-870423-30-5.
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en
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Q4547573
| 35,681 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=116th Mahrattas
| image= Mahratta infantry lovett.png
| image_size = 300
|caption=Soldier of the regiment (second from right) with other Mahratta Infantry, painted in 1911.
|dates=1800-1922
|country={{flag|British India|23px}}
|allegiance=
|branch={{army|British India|23px}}
|type=Infantry
|role=
|size=
|command_structure=[[Bombay Army]] (to 1895)<br>[[Bombay Command]]
|garrison=
|garrison_label=
|nickname=
|patron=
|motto=
|colors=Red; faced light buff, 1882 yellow
|colors_label=
|march=
|mascot=
|equipment=
|equipment_label=
|battles=[[Second Afghan War]]<br>[[World War I]]
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
|battle_honours_label=
|disbanded=
|flying_hours=
|website=
<!-- Commanders -->
|commander1=
|commander1_label=
|commander2=
|commander2_label=
|commander3=
|commander3_label=
|commander4=
|commander4_label=
|notable_commanders=
<!-- Insignia -->
|identification_symbol=
|identification_symbol_label=
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2_label=
|identification_symbol_3=
|identification_symbol_3_label=
|identification_symbol_4=
|identification_symbol_4_label=
}}
The '''116th Mahrattas''' were an infantry regiment of the [[British Indian Army]]. The regiment traces their origins to 1800, when they were raised as the 2nd Battalion, 7th Regiment of [[Bombay]] Native Infantry.
During [[World War I]] the regiment was attached to the [[18th Indian Division]] for the [[Mesopotamia Campaign]]. They were involved in the Actions at the [[Fat-ha Gorge]] and on the [[Little Zab]] and the [[Battle of Sharqat]] in October 1918.<ref>{{cite web|title=warpath |url=http://warpath.orbat.com/indian_divs/18_ind_div.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031128115355/http://www.warpath.orbat.com/indian_divs/18_ind_div.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2003-11-28 }}</ref>
After World War I the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments.<ref>Sumner p.15</ref> In 1922, the 116th Mahrattas became the 4th Battalion [[5th Mahratta Light Infantry]]. After independence they were one of the regiments allocated to the [[Indian Army]].
== Predecessor names ==
*2nd Battalion, 8th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry - 1800
*16th Bombay Native Infantry - 1824
*16th Bombay Infantry - 1885
*116th Mahrattas - 1903
== References ==
{{reflist}}
==Sources==
*{{cite book|last1=Barthorp|first1=Michael|last2=Burn|first2=Jeffrey|year=1979|title=Indian infantry regiments 1860-1914|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=0-85045-307-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Rinaldi|first=Richard A|year=2008|title=Order of Battle British Army 1914|publisher=Ravi Rikhye|isbn=978-0-9776072-8-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Gautam|year=1990|title=Valour and sacrifice: famous regiments of the Indian Army|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=81-7023-140-X}}
*{{cite book|last=Sumner|first=Ian|title=The Indian Army 1914-1947|year=2001|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=1-84176-196-6}}
*{{cite book|last=Moberly|first=F.J.|title=Official History of the War: Mesopotamia Campaign|date=September 1997 |publisher=Imperial War Museum|isbn=1-870423-30-5}}
[[Category:British Indian Army infantry regiments]]
[[Category:Bombay Presidency]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1800]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1922]]
{{mil-unit-stub}}
{{WWI-stub}}
| 1,165,015,956 |
[{"title": "116th Mahrattas", "data": {"Active": "1800-1922", "Country": "British India", "Branch": "British Indian Army", "Type": "Infantry", "Part of": "Bombay Army (to 1895) \u00b7 Bombay Command", "Colors": "Red; faced light buff, 1882 yellow", "Engagements": "Second Afghan War \u00b7 World War I"}}]
| false |
# 1913 in Croatia
Events from the year 1913 in Croatia.
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Franz Joseph I
- Ban of Croatia – Slavko Cuvaj
## Events
- July 21 – Slavko Cuvaj relieved from the post of the Royal Commissioner for Croatia-Slovenia. He had been appointed in January 1912, when anti-Habsburg sentiments were on the rise in Croatia, often manifesting in sympathies for Serbia and calls for the creation of Yugoslavia. Cuvaj tried to curb those trends by a series of decrees directed at curbing press freedom, limiting rights of assembly and local autonomy. This created a backlash in the form of strikes and demonstrations, and Cuvaj himself was target of two assassination attempts in 1912.
- November 27 – Iván Skerlecz proclaimed Ban and called for parliamentary elections.
- December 16–17 – Parliamentary elections are held in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. The Croat-Serb Coalition wins with 39.09% of the vote.
## Arts and literature
- Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić released the children's book The Brave Adventures of Lapitch (Čudnovate zgode šegrta Hlapića) in Zagreb.
## Sport
- Football club HNK Dinara founded in Knin (as SK Lav).
## Births
- January 7 – Franjo Glaser, footballer (died 2003)
- January 9 – Fedor Hanžeković, film director (died 1997)
- February 22 – Ranko Marinković, writer (died 2001)
- March 21 – Ivan Goran Kovačić, poet and writer (died 1943)
- April 8 – Rudi Supek, sociologist (died 1993)
- November 25 – Franjo Punčec, tennis player (died 1985)
## Deaths
- October 7 – Ivan Banjavčić, politician (born 1843)
- April 16 – Miroslav Kraljević, painter (born 1885)
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1913_in_Croatia
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2024-09-06T03:10:39Z
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en
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Q4559721
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in region
| year = 1913
| region = Croatia
| error = '''Template:Year in Croatia'''
| image = Flag of Croatia-Slavonia with CoA.svg
| image_size = 90px
| see_also = [[1913|Other events of 1913]]{{middot}}[[Timeline of Croatian history]]
}}
Events from the year '''1913 in [[Croatia]]'''.
==Incumbents==
* [[King of Croatia|Monarch]] – [[Franz Joseph I]]
* [[Ban of Croatia]] – [[Slavko Cuvaj]]
==Events==
*July 21 – [[Slavko Cuvaj]] relieved from the post of the Royal Commissioner for Croatia-Slovenia. He had been appointed in January 1912, when anti-[[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg]] sentiments were on the rise in Croatia, often manifesting in sympathies for [[Serbia]] and calls for the creation of [[Yugoslavia]]. Cuvaj tried to curb those trends by a series of decrees directed at curbing press freedom, limiting rights of assembly and local autonomy. This created a backlash in the form of strikes and demonstrations, and Cuvaj himself was target of two assassination attempts in 1912.
*November 27 – [[Iván Skerlecz]] proclaimed Ban and called for parliamentary elections.
*December 16–17 – [[Croatian parliamentary election, 1913|Parliamentary elections]] are held in the [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]]. The [[Croat-Serb Coalition]] wins with 39.09% of the vote.
==Arts and literature==
*[[Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić]] released the children's book ''[[The Brave Adventures of Lapitch]]'' (''Čudnovate zgode šegrta Hlapića'') in Zagreb.
==Sport==
*Football club [[HNK Dinara]] founded in [[Knin]] (as SK Lav).
==Births==
*January 7 – [[Franjo Glaser]], footballer (died [[2003 in Croatia|2003]])
*January 9 – [[Fedor Hanžeković]], film director (died [[1997 in Croatia|1997]])
*February 22 – [[Ranko Marinković]], writer (died [[2001 in Croatia|2001]])
*March 21 – [[Ivan Goran Kovačić]], poet and writer (died [[1943 in Croatia|1943]])
*April 8 – [[Rudi Supek]], sociologist (died [[1993 in Croatia|1993]])
*November 25 – [[Franjo Punčec]], tennis player (died [[1985 in Croatia|1985]])
==Deaths==
*October 7 – [[Ivan Banjavčić]], politician (born [[1843 in Croatia|1843]])
*April 16 – [[Miroslav Kraljević]], painter (born [[1885 in Croatia|1885]])
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Croatia year nav}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1913 In Croatia}}
[[Category:1913 in Croatia| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 20th century in Croatia]]
[[Category:1913 in Europe|Croatia]]
| 1,244,278,298 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1912 - 1911 - 1910": "1913 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Croatia \u00b7 \u2192 - 1914 - 1915 - 1916", "Decades": "1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s", "See also": "Other events of 1913 \u00b7 Timeline of Croatian history"}}]
| false |
# 1904 Minnesota Attorney General election
The 1904 Minnesota Attorney General election was held on 8 November 1904 in order to elect the attorney general of Minnesota. Republican nominee and former member of the Minnesota Senate Edward T. Young defeated Democratic nominee Thomas McDermott.
## General election
On election day, 8 November 1904, Republican nominee Edward T. Young won the election by a margin of 92,818 votes against his opponent Democratic nominee Thomas McDermott, thereby retaining Republican control over the office of attorney general. Young was sworn in as the 12th attorney general of Minnesota on 4 January 1905.
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | --------------- | ---------------- | ------- | ------ |
| | Republican | Edward T. Young | 180,346 | 67.33 |
| | Democratic | Thomas McDermott | 87,528 | 32.67 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 267,874 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | | | |
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enwiki/78054733
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enwiki
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1904 Minnesota Attorney General election
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_Minnesota_Attorney_General_election
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2025-01-31T02:47:42Z
|
en
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Q130581342
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{{short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1904 Minnesota Attorney General election
| country = Minnesota
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1902 Minnesota Attorney General election
| previous_year = 1902
| next_election = 1906 Minnesota Attorney General election
| next_year = 1906
| election_date = 8 November 1904
| image1 = [[File:No image.svg|125px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[Edward T. Young]]'''
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''180,346'''
| percentage1 = '''67.33%'''
| image2 = [[File:No image.svg|125px]]
| nominee2 = Thomas McDermott
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 87,528
| percentage2 = 32.67%
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = Attorney General
| before_election = William J. Donahower (Acting)
| before_party = Republican Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Edward T. Young]]
| after_party = Republican Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsMN}}
The '''1904 Minnesota Attorney General election''' was held on 8 November 1904 in order to elect the [[Attorney General of Minnesota|attorney general of Minnesota]]. [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee and former member of the [[Minnesota Senate]] [[Edward T. Young]] defeated [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee Thomas McDermott.<ref name=GBN>{{cite web |url=https://mn.electionarchives.lib.umn.edu/election/2319041099923600/ |title=Attorney General, 1904 Election |publisher=electionarchives.lib.umn.edu |date= |access-date=6 October 2024}}</ref>
== General election ==
On election day, 8 November 1904, [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee [[Edward T. Young]] won the election by a margin of 92,818 votes against his opponent [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee Thomas McDermott, thereby retaining Republican control over the office of attorney general. Young was sworn in as the 12th [[Attorney General of Minnesota|attorney general of Minnesota]] on 4 January 1905.<ref name=GHN>{{cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=1058078 |title=MN Attorney General |publisher=ourcampaigns.com |date=19 March 2024 |access-date=6 October 2024}}</ref>
=== Results ===
{{Election box begin no change | title=Minnesota Attorney General election, 1904|
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Edward T. Young]]
|votes = 180,346
|percentage = 67.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = Thomas McDermott
|votes = 87,528
|percentage = 32.67
}}
{{Election box total no change|
|votes = 267,874
|percentage = 100.00
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|
|winner= Republican Party (United States)
|loser =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Minnesota elections}}
[[Category:1904 Minnesota elections]]
[[Category:Minnesota Attorney General elections]]
[[Category:November 1904 in the United States]]
| 1,272,971,798 |
[{"title": "1904 Minnesota Attorney General election", "data": {"\u2190 1902": "8 November 1904 \u00b7 1906 \u2192", "Nominee": "Edward T. Young \u00b7 Thomas McDermott", "Party": "Republican \u00b7 Democratic", "Popular vote": "180,346 \u00b7 87,528", "Percentage": "67.33% \u00b7 32.67%", "Attorney General before election \u00b7 William J. Donahower (Acting) \u00b7 Republican": "Elected Attorney General \u00b7 Edward T. Young \u00b7 Republican"}}]
| false |
# 1167
Year 1167 (MCLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
## Events
### By place
#### Europe
- April 7 – Oath of Pontida: Supported by Pope Alexander III, the Lombard League is founded, a military alliance between the municipalities of Milan, Lodi, Ferrara, Piacenza and Parma, against the German invading forces of Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) in Northern Italy. The League (with other Italian cities) openly challenges Frederick's claim to power (Honor Imperii).
- April 12 – King Charles VII (Sverkersson) is murdered at Visingsö by supporters of Canute I (son of Eric IX), who proclaims himself king of Sweden. However, Charles's half-brothers Boleslaw and Kol Sverkerson proclaim themselves rulers of Östergötland, in opposition to Canute, which leads to fights for the power in Sweden (until 1173).
- May 29 – Battle of Monte Porzio: The army of the Commune of Rome is defeated by German forces under Frederick I and the local princes; Alexander III leaves Rome.[1] Frederick proceeds to Rome, where he is crowned by Antipope Paschal III for the second time. A sudden outbreak of pestilence kills many of his advisors and knights.[2]
- July 8 – Battle of Sirmium: Byzantine forces (15,000 men) under General Andronikos Kontostephanos defeat the Hungarians at Sirmium. Emperor Manuel I (Komnenos) consolidates his control over the western Balkans.
- August – Frederick I claims imperial authority over Bohemia, Greater Poland and Hungary. He installs his 3-year-old son Frederick V as duke of Swabia, after Frederick's cousin, Frederick IV, dies of disease at Rome.
#### Egypt
- March 18 – Battle of Al-Babein: A second Zangid army (some 12,000 men) under General Shirkuh and his nephew Saladin marches towards Egypt, but is met by the combined Crusader-Fatimid forces led by King Amalric of Jerusalem. After skirmishing down the Nile, the Crusaders are defeated near Giza and forced to retreat to Cairo.[3]
- May–June – Saladin leads the defence of Alexandria against the Crusader-Fatimid forces. He takes command over the garrison (plus some 1,000 cavalry), and the army's sick and wounded.[4]
- August 4 – Amalric I accepts a peace treaty and enters Alexandria at the head of the Crusader army. Saladin and his troops are escorted out with full military honours, and retreats to Syria.[5]
- Probable date – Battle of Pantina: The Byzantines intervene on behalf of Grand Prince Tihomir of Serbia against his rebellious brother, Prince Stefan Nemanja, who defeats the Byzantine forces and becomes Grand Župan of Serbia.
#### Ireland
- Diarmaid mac Murchadha (or Dermot), former king of Leinster, returns to Ireland with an advance party of Flemings under Richard fitz Godbert de Roche.
#### England
- King Henry II prohibits English students from attending the University of Paris; many settle at the University of Oxford.[6]
#### Asia
- Taira no Kiyomori becomes the first samurai to be appointed Daijo Daijin, chief minister of the government of Japan.
### By topic
#### Religion
- Absalon, Danish archbishop and statesman, leads the first synod at Lund. He is granted land around the city of "Havn" (modern-day Copenhagen) and fortifies the coastal defence against the Wends.
## Births
- February – Frederick VI, duke of Swabia (d. 1191)
- Anders Sunesen, archbishop of Lund (d. 1228)
- Warin II (the Younger), Norman knight (d. 1218)
- William I, count of Holland (Low Countries) (d. 1222)
## Deaths
- January 12 – Aelred of Rievaulx, English abbot (b. 1110)
- February 27 – Robert of Melun, bishop of Hereford (b. 1100)
- April 12 – Charles VII (Sverkersson), king of Sweden (b. 1130)
- July 13 – Xia (Shenfu), Chinese empress consort (b. 1136)
- August
- Děpold I, Bohemian prince (epidemic)
- Frederick IV, duke of Swabia (epidemic)
- Henry I, count of Nassau (epidemic)
- Henry II, duke of Limburg (epidemic)
- August 14 – Rainald of Dassel, German archbishop (b. 1120)
- August 17 – Nicolò Politi, Italian monk and hermit (b. 1117)
- August 22 – Relindis of Hohenburg, French abbess
- September 10 – Matilda, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1102)
- Abraham ibn Ezra, Spanish philosopher (approximate date)
- Alaungsithu, Burmese king of the Pagan Dynasty (b. 1090)
- Basava, Indian philosopher and statesman (b. 1105)
- Christian I (the Quarrelsome), count of Oldenburg
- Euphrosyne of Polotsk, Kievan princess (b. 1104)
- Hugh of Poitiers, French monk and chronicler
- Occo of Schleswig (or Ogge), Danish bishop
- Raymond I (or Raimond), French nobleman
- Rostislav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1110)
|
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enwiki
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1167
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1167
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2025-01-03T13:09:22Z
|
en
|
Q19678
| 58,374 |
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1167}}
{{Year nav|1167}}
{{C12 year in topic}}
[[File:Bassorilievo di Porta Romana (1171 ca.)..PNG|upright=1.35|thumb|Lombard standard bearer re-entering [[Milan]], after the League's foundation.]]
[[File:Member Cities of the Lombard Leagues.png|upright=1.35|thumb|Member cities of the [[Lombard League]]]]
Year '''1167''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLXVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Sunday]] of the Julian calendar.
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== By place ===
==== Europe ====
* [[April 7]] – [[Oath of Pontida]]: Supported by Pope [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]], the [[Lombard League]] is founded, a military alliance between the municipalities of [[Milan]], [[Lodi, Lombardy|Lodi]], [[Ferrara]], [[Piacenza]] and [[Parma]], against the German invading forces of Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] (Barbarossa) in [[Northern Italy]]. The League (with other Italian cities) openly challenges Frederick's claim to power (''Honor Imperii'').
* [[April 12]] – King [[Charles VII of Sweden|Charles VII]] (Sverkersson) is murdered at [[Visingsö]] by supporters of [[Canute I of Sweden|Canute I]] (son of [[Eric IX of Sweden|Eric IX]]), who proclaims himself king of [[Sweden]]. However, Charles's half-brothers [[Boleslaw of Sweden|Boleslaw]] and [[Kol Sverkerson]] proclaim themselves rulers of [[Östergötland]], in opposition to Canute, which leads to fights for the power in Sweden (until [[1173]]).
* [[May 29]] – [[Battle of Monte Porzio]]: The army of the [[Commune of Rome]] is defeated by German forces under Frederick I and the local princes; Alexander III leaves [[Rome]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Jean-Claude Maire|last=Vigueur|year=2010|title=L'autre Rome: Une histoire des Romains à l'époque communale (XIIe-XIVe siècle)|location=Paris|publisher=Tallandier|isbn=978-2-84734-719-7|page=315}}</ref> Frederick proceeds to Rome, where he is crowned by Antipope [[Antipope Paschal III|Paschal III]] for the second time. A sudden outbreak of pestilence kills many of his advisors and knights.<ref>Andrew Roberts (2011). ''Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582)'', pp. 135–136. {{ISBN|978-0-85738-589-5}}.</ref>
* [[July 8]] – [[Battle of Sirmium]]: Byzantine forces (15,000 men) under General [[Andronikos Kontostephanos]] defeat the Hungarians at [[Sirmium]]. Emperor [[Manuel I Komnenos|Manuel I]] (Komnenos) consolidates his control over the western [[Balkans]].
* August – Frederick I claims imperial authority over [[Duchy of Bohemia|Bohemia]], [[Greater Poland]] and [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]]. He installs his 3-year-old son [[Frederick V, Duke of Swabia|Frederick V]] as duke of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]], after Frederick's cousin, [[Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia|Frederick IV]], dies of disease at Rome.
==== Egypt ====
* [[March 18]] – [[Battle of al-Babein|Battle of Al-Babein]]: A second Zangid army (some 12,000 men) under General [[Shirkuh]] and his nephew [[Saladin]] marches towards [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Egypt]], but is met by the combined Crusader-Fatimid forces led by King [[Amalric of Jerusalem]]. After skirmishing down the [[Nile]], the Crusaders are defeated near [[Giza]] and forced to retreat to [[Cairo]].<ref>[[Steven Runciman]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 304–305. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* May–June – Saladin leads the defence of [[Alexandria]] against the Crusader-Fatimid forces. He takes command over the garrison (plus some 1,000 cavalry), and the army's sick and wounded.<ref>David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Command 12 - Saladin, p. 11. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-317-1}}.</ref>
* [[August 4]] – Amalric I accepts a peace treaty and enters Alexandria at the head of the Crusader army. Saladin and his troops are escorted out with full military honours, and retreats to [[Syria]].<ref>Steven Runciman (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 305. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref>
* Probable date – [[Battle of Pantina]]: The Byzantines intervene on behalf of Grand Prince [[Tihomir of Serbia]] against his rebellious brother, Prince [[Stefan Nemanja]], who defeats the Byzantine forces and becomes ''[[Grand Župan]]'' of [[Grand Principality of Serbia|Serbia]].
==== Ireland ====
* [[Diarmaid mac Murchadha]] (or Dermot), former king of [[Leinster]], returns to [[Ireland]] with an advance party of Flemings under Richard fitz Godbert de Roche.
==== England ====
* King [[Henry II of England|Henry II]] prohibits English students from attending the [[University of Paris]]; many settle at the [[University of Oxford]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Sager|first=Peter|year=2005|title=Oxford and Cambridge: An Uncommon History|location=London|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=0500512493|page=36}}</ref>
==== Asia ====
* [[Taira no Kiyomori]] becomes the first [[samurai]] to be appointed ''Daijo Daijin'', chief minister of the government of [[Japan]].
=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* [[Absalon]], Danish archbishop and statesman, leads the first [[synod]] at [[Diocese of Lund|Lund]]. He is granted land around the city of "Havn" (modern-day [[Copenhagen]]) and fortifies the coastal defence against the [[Wends]].</onlyinclude>
== Births ==
* February – [[Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia|Frederick VI]], duke of [[Duchy of Swabia|Swabia]] (d. [[1191]])
* [[Anders Sunesen]], archbishop of [[Diocese of Lund|Lund]] (d. [[1228]])
* [[Warin II fitzGerold|Warin II]] (the Younger), Norman knight (d. [[1218]])
* [[William I, Count of Holland|William I]], count of [[County of Holland|Holland]] ([[Low Countries]]) (d. [[1222]])
== Deaths ==
* [[January 12]] – [[Aelred of Rievaulx]], English [[abbot]] (b. [[1110]])
* [[February 27]] – [[Robert of Melun]], bishop of [[Diocese of Hereford|Hereford]] (b. [[1100]])
* [[April 12]] – [[Charles VII of Sweden|Charles VII]] (Sverkersson), king of [[Sweden]] (b. [[1130]])
* [[July 13]] – [[Empress Xia (Song dynasty)|Xia]] (Shenfu), Chinese empress consort (b. [[1136]])
* August
** [[Děpold I of Jamnitz|Děpold I]], Bohemian prince (epidemic)
** [[Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia|Frederick IV]], duke of Swabia (epidemic)
** [[Henry I, Count of Nassau|Henry I]], count of [[County of Nassau|Nassau]] (epidemic)
** [[Henry II of Limburg|Henry II]], duke of [[Duchy of Limburg|Limburg]] (epidemic)
* [[August 14]] – [[Rainald of Dassel]], German archbishop (b. [[1120]])
* [[August 17]] – [[Nicolò Politi]], Italian monk and [[hermit]] (b. [[1117]])
* [[August 22]] – [[Relindis of Hohenburg]], French [[abbess]]
* [[September 10]] – [[Empress Matilda|Matilda]], Holy Roman Empress (b. [[1102]])
* [[Abraham ibn Ezra]], Spanish philosopher (approximate date)
* [[Alaungsithu]], Burmese king of the [[Pagan Kingdom|Pagan Dynasty]] (b. [[1090]])
* [[Basava]], Indian philosopher and statesman (b. [[1105]])
* [[Christian I, Count of Oldenburg|Christian I]] (the Quarrelsome), count of [[County of Oldenburg|Oldenburg]]
* [[Euphrosyne of Polotsk]], Kievan princess (b. [[1104]])
* [[Hugh of Poitiers]], French monk and chronicler
* [[Occo of Schleswig]] (or Ogge), Danish bishop
* [[Raymond I Trencavel|Raymond I]] (or Raimond), French [[Nobility|nobleman]]
* [[Rostislav I of Kiev|Rostislav I]], Grand Prince of [[Principality of Kiev|Kiev]] (b. 1110)
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1167}}
[[Category:1167| ]]
| 1,267,068,594 |
[{"title": "1167 in various calendars", "data": {"Gregorian calendar": "1167 \u00b7 MCLXVII", "Ab urbe condita": "1920", "Armenian calendar": "616 \u00b7 \u0539\u054e \u0548\u053a\u0536", "Assyrian calendar": "5917", "Balinese saka calendar": "1088\u20131089", "Bengali calendar": "573\u2013574", "Berber calendar": "2117", "English Regnal year": "13 Hen. 2 \u2013 14 Hen. 2", "Buddhist calendar": "1711", "Burmese calendar": "529", "Byzantine calendar": "6675\u20136676", "Chinese calendar": "\u4e19\u620c\u5e74 (Fire Dog) \u00b7 3864 or 3657 \u00b7 \u2014 to \u2014 \u00b7 \u4e01\u4ea5\u5e74 (Fire Pig) \u00b7 3865 or 3658", "Coptic calendar": "883\u2013884", "Discordian calendar": "2333", "Ethiopian calendar": "1159\u20131160", "Hebrew calendar": "4927\u20134928", "- Vikram Samvat": "1223\u20131224", "- Shaka Samvat": "1088\u20131089", "- Kali Yuga": "4267\u20134268", "Holocene calendar": "11167", "Igbo calendar": "167\u2013168", "Iranian calendar": "545\u2013546", "Islamic calendar": "562\u2013563", "Japanese calendar": "Nin'an 2 \u00b7 (\u4ec1\u5b89\uff12\u5e74)", "Javanese calendar": "1074\u20131075", "Julian calendar": "1167 \u00b7 MCLXVII", "Korean calendar": "3500", "Minguo calendar": "745 before ROC \u00b7 \u6c11\u524d745\u5e74", "Nanakshahi calendar": "\u2212301", "Seleucid era": "1478/1479 AG", "Thai solar calendar": "1709\u20131710", "Tibetan calendar": "\u9633\u706b\u72d7\u5e74 \u00b7 (male Fire-Dog) \u00b7 1293 or 912 or 140 \u00b7 \u2014 to \u2014 \u00b7 \u9634\u706b\u732a\u5e74 \u00b7 (female Fire-Pig) \u00b7 1294 or 913 or 141"}}]
| false |
# 119th Ohio General Assembly
The One Hundred Nineteenth Ohio General Assembly was the legislative body of the state of Ohio in 1991 and 1992. In this General Assembly, the Ohio Senate was controlled by the Republicans, consisting of 19 Republicans and 14 Democrats. The Ohio House of Representatives was controlled by the Democrats, with 62 Democrats and 37 Republicans.
## Major events
### Vacancies
- January 3, 1991: Senator David Hobson (R-10th) resigns to take a seat in the United States House of Representatives.
- April 19, 1992: Representative Russ Guerra (R-40th) dies.
- April 21, 1992: Senator Paul Pfeiffer (D-15th) resigns.
- June 30, 1992: Representative Joe Secrest (D-95th) resigns.
- December 17, 1992: Representative Judy Sheerer (D-18th) resigns to take a seat in the Ohio Senate.
- December 17, 1992: Senator Eric Fingerhut (D-25th) resigns to take a seat in the United States House of Representatives.
### Appointments
- January 3, 1991: Merle G. Kearns is appointed to the 10th Senatorial District due to the resignation of Dave Hobson.
- April 21, 1992: Ben Espy is appointed to the 15th Senatorial District due to the resignation of Paul Pfeiffer.
- June 17, 1992: Jeff Jacobson is appointed to the 40th House District due to the death of Russ Guerra.
- June 30, 1992: Mike McCullough is appointed to the 95th House District due to the resignation of Joe Secrest.
- December 17, 1992: Judy Sheerer is appointed to the 25th Senatorial District due to the resignation of Eric Fingerhut.
## Senate
### Leadership
#### Majority leadership
- President of the Senate: Stanley Aronoff
- President pro tempore of the Senate: Richard Finan
- Assistant pro tempore: Eugene J. Watts
- Whip: Roy Ray
#### Minority leadership
- Leader: Robert Boggs
- Assistant Leader: Alan Zaleski
- Whip: Bob Nettle
- Assistant Whip: Jeffrey Johnson
### Members of the 119th Ohio Senate
| District | Senator | Party | First elected |
| -------- | ------------------ | ---------- | ------------- |
| 1 | M. Ben Gaeth | Republican | 1974 |
| 2 | Betty Montgomery | Republican | 1988 |
| 3 | Ted Gray | Republican | 1967 |
| 4 | Barry Levey | Republican | 1987 (Appt.) |
| 5 | Neal Zimmers | Democratic | 1974 |
| 6 | Chuck Horn | Republican | 1984 |
| 7 | Richard Finan | Republican | 1978 (Appt.) |
| 8 | Stanley Aronoff | Republican | 1967 |
| 9 | Bill Bowen | Democratic | 1970 (Appt.) |
| 10 | Merle G. Kearns | Republican | 1991 (Appt.) |
| 11 | Linda J. Furney | Democratic | 1986 |
| 12 | Robert R. Cupp | Republican | 1984 |
| 13 | Alan Zaleski | Democrat | 1982 |
| 14 | Cooper Snyder | Republican | 1979 (Appt.) |
| 15 | Ben Espy | Democratic | 1992 (Appt.) |
| 16 | Eugene J. Watts | Republican | 1984 |
| 17 | Jan Michael Long | Democratic | 1986 |
| 18 | Robert Boggs | Democratic | 1982 |
| 19 | Richard Schafrath | Republican | 1986 |
| 20 | Bob Ney | Republican | 1984 (Appt.) |
| 21 | Jeffrey Johnson | Democratic | 1990 (Appt.) |
| 22 | Grace L. Drake | Republican | 1984 (Appt.) |
| 23 | Anthony Sinagra | Democratic | 1990 |
| 24 | Gary C. Suhadolnik | Republican | 1980 |
| 25 | Judy Sheerer | Democratic | 1992 (Appt.) |
| 26 | Paul Pfeifer | Republican | 1976 |
| 27 | Roy Ray | Republican | 1986 |
| 28 | Bob Nettle | Democratic | 1986 |
| 29 | Scott Oelslager | Republican | 1985 (Appt.) |
| 30 | Rob Burch | Democratic | 1984 |
| 31 | Steven O. Williams | Republican | 1990 |
| 32 | Charles Henry | Democratic | 1988 |
| 33 | Harry Meshel | Democratic | 1970 |
## House of Representatives
### Leadership
#### Majority leadership
- Speaker of the House: Vern Riffe
- President pro tempore of the House: Barney Quilter
- Floor Leader: Bill Mallory
- Assistant Majority Floor Leader: Cliff Skeen
- Majority Whip: Judy Sheerer
- Assistant Majority Whip: Marc Guthrie
#### Minority leadership
- Leader: Corwin Nixon
- Assistant Leader: Dave Johnson
- Whip: Jo Ann Davidson
- Assistant Whip: Randy Gardner
### Members of the 119th Ohio House of Representatives
| District | Representative | Party | First Elected |
| -------- | ---------------------- | ---------- | ------------- |
| 1 | Bill Thompson | Republican | 1986 |
| 2 | Ross Boggs | Democratic | 1982 |
| 3 | Sean D. Logan | Democratic | 1990 (Appt.) |
| 4 | William G. Batchelder | Republican | 1968 |
| 5 | Randy Gardner | Republican | 1985 (Appt.) |
| 6 | Ed Kasputis | Republican | 1990 |
| 7 | Rocco Colonna | Democratic | 1974 |
| 8 | Madeline Cain | Democratic | 1988 |
| 9 | Patrick Sweeney | Democratic | 1967 |
| 10 | Ron Mottl | Democratic | 1986 |
| 11 | Barbara C. Pringle | Democratic | 1982 (Appt.) |
| 12 | Troy Lee James | Democratic | 1967 |
| 13 | Frank Mahnic Jr. | Democratic | 1988 |
| 14 | C.J. Prentiss | Democratic | 1990 |
| 15 | Jane Campbell | Democratic | 1984 |
| 16 | Vermel Whalen | Democratic | 1986 (Appt.) |
| 17 | Suzanne Bergansky | Democratic | 1988 |
| 18 | Vacant | Democratic | |
| 19 | Ron Suster | Democratic | 1980 |
| 20 | Cheryl Winkler | Republican | 1990 (Appt.) |
| 21 | Jerome F. Luebbers | Democratic | 1978 |
| 22 | Lou Blessing | Republican | 1982 |
| 23 | William L. Mallory Sr. | Democratic | 1966 |
| 24 | Terry Tranter | Democratic | 1976 (Appt.) |
| 25 | Helen Rankin | Democratic | 1978 (Appt.) |
| 26 | Jacquelin K. O'Brien | Republican | 1986 |
| 27 | Dale N. Van Vyven | Republican | 1978 (Appt.) |
| 28 | Ed Thomas Jr. | Republican | |
| 29 | Ray Miller | Democratic | 1982 |
| 30 | Mike Stinziano | Democratic | 1972 |
| 31 | Otto Beatty Jr. | Democratic | 1980 (Appt.) |
| 32 | Dean Conley | Democratic | 1978 |
| 33 | Richard Cordray | Democratic | 1990 |
| 34 | Jo Ann Davidson | Republican | 1980 |
| 35 | Bill Schuck | Republican | |
| 36 | Rhine McLin | Democratic | 1989 (Appt.) |
| 37 | Tom Roberts | Democratic | 1986 (Appt.) |
| 38 | Bob Corbin | Republican | 1976 |
| 39 | Bob Hickey | Democratic | 1982 |
| 40 | Jeff Jacobson | Republican | 1992 (Appt.) |
| 41 | Tom Seese | Democratic | 1986 (Appt.) |
| 42 | Vernon Sykes | Democratic | 1983 (Appt.) |
| 43 | Wayne Jones | Democratic | 1988 (Appt.) |
| 44 | Tom Watkins | Republican | 1984 |
| 45 | Casey Jones | Democratic | 1968 |
| 46 | Don Czarcinski | Democratic | 1983 (Appt.) |
| 47 | Barney Quilter | Democratic | 1966 |
| 48 | Tim Greenwood | Republican | 1988 |
| 49 | Johnnie Maier Jr. | Democratic | 1990 |
| 50 | William J. Healy | Democratic | 1974 |
| 51 | Dave Johnson | Republican | 1978 |
| 52 | Joseph Vukovich | Democratic | 1976 |
| 53 | Bob Hagan | Democratic | 1986 |
| 54 | John Bara | Democratic | 1982 |
| 55 | Joseph Koziura | Democratic | 1984 |
| 56 | Michael A. Fox | Republican | 1974 |
| 57 | Scott Nein | Republican | 1990 |
| 58 | June Lucas | Democratic | 1986 |
| 59 | Michael G. Verich | Democratic | 1982 |
| 60 | Dan Troy | Democratic | 1982 |
| 61 | Ray Sines | Republican | |
| 62 | David Hartley | Democratic | |
| 63 | Paul Jones | Democratic | 1982 |
| 64 | Frank Sawyer | Democratic | 1982 |
| 65 | Bob Doyle | Republican | 1982 |
| 66 | Sam Bateman Jr. | Republican | |
| 67 | Marc Guthrie | Democratic | 1982 |
| 68 | Bob Netzley | Republican | 1967 |
| 69 | Cliff Skeen | Democratic | 1976 |
| 70 | Fred Deering | Democratic | 1972 |
| 71 | Ron Gerberry | Democratic | 1974 |
| 72 | Katherine Walsh | Democratic | 1988 |
| 73 | James Buchy | Republican | |
| 74 | Bob Clark | Republican | 1982 |
| 75 | Joe Haines | Republican | 1980 |
| 76 | Eugene Byers | Republican | 1986 |
| 77 | Doug White | Republican | 1990 |
| 78 | Jon D. Myers | Republican | 1990 |
| 79 | Larry Manahan | Republican | 1978 |
| 80 | Lynn Wachtmann | Republican | 1984 |
| 81 | Jim Davis | Republican | 1984 |
| 82 | Jon Stozich | Republican | |
| 83 | Ed Core | Republican | |
| 84 | Corwin Nixon | Republican | 1967 |
| 85 | Dwight Wise | Democratic | 1982 |
| 86 | Randy Weston | Democratic | 1990 |
| 87 | Joan Lawrence | Republican | 1982 |
| 88 | Mike Shoemaker | Democratic | 1982 |
| 89 | Vern Riffe | Democratic | 1967 |
| 90 | Rick Rench | Republican | |
| 91 | Paul Mechling | Democratic | |
| 92 | Mark Malone | Democratic | 1984 |
| 93 | Ron Amstutz | Republican | 1980 |
| 94 | Mary Abel | Democratic | 1989 (Appt.) |
| 95 | Michael McCullough | Democratic | 1992 (Appt.) |
| 96 | Tom Johnson | Democratic | 1976 |
| 97 | Greg DiDonato | Democratic | 1990 |
| 98 | Jerry W. Krupinski | Democratic | 1986 |
| 99 | Jack Cera | Democratic | 1982 |
Appt.- Member was appointed to current House Seat
|
enwiki/26364049
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enwiki
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119th Ohio General Assembly
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_Ohio_General_Assembly
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2025-02-18T07:51:24Z
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en
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Q17157090
| 201,165 |
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
The '''One Hundred Nineteenth Ohio General Assembly''' was the legislative body of the state of Ohio in 1991 and 1992. In this General Assembly, the [[Ohio Senate]] was controlled by the [[Ohio Republican Party|Republicans]], consisting of 19 Republicans and 14 Democrats. The [[Ohio House of Representatives]] was controlled by the [[Ohio Democratic Party|Democrats]], with 62 Democrats and 37 Republicans.
==Major events==
===Vacancies===
*January 3, 1991: Senator [[Dave Hobson|David Hobson]] (R-10th) resigns to take a seat in the [[United States House of Representatives]].
*April 19, 1992: Representative Russ Guerra (R-40th) dies.
*April 21, 1992: Senator Paul Pfeiffer (D-15th) resigns.
*June 30, 1992: Representative Joe Secrest (D-95th) resigns.
*December 17, 1992: Representative Judy Sheerer (D-18th) resigns to take a seat in the Ohio Senate.
*December 17, 1992: Senator Eric Fingerhut (D-25th) resigns to take a seat in the United States House of Representatives.
===Appointments===
*January 3, 1991: Merle G. Kearns is appointed to the 10th Senatorial District due to the resignation of Dave Hobson.
*April 21, 1992: Ben Espy is appointed to the 15th Senatorial District due to the resignation of Paul Pfeiffer.
*June 17, 1992: Jeff Jacobson is appointed to the 40th House District due to the death of Russ Guerra.
*June 30, 1992: Mike McCullough is appointed to the 95th House District due to the resignation of Joe Secrest.
*December 17, 1992: Judy Sheerer is appointed to the 25th Senatorial District due to the resignation of Eric Fingerhut.
==Senate==
===Leadership===
====Majority leadership====
* President of the Senate: [[Stanley Aronoff]]
* President pro tempore of the Senate: [[Richard Finan]]
* Assistant pro tempore: [[Eugene J. Watts]]
* Whip: [[Roy Ray]]
====Minority leadership====
* Leader: [[Robert Boggs]]
* Assistant Leader: [[Alan Zaleski]]
* Whip: [[Bob Nettle]]
* Assistant Whip: [[Jeffrey Johnson (Ohio politician)|Jeffrey Johnson]]
===Members of the 119th Ohio Senate===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! District
! Senator
! Party
! First elected
|-
| 1
| [[M. Ben Gaeth]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_01.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1974
|-
| 2
| [[Betty Montgomery]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_02.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1988
|-
| 3
| [[Ted Gray (Ohio)|Ted Gray]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1967
|-
| 4
| [[Barry Levey]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_04.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1987 (Appt.)
|-
| 5
| [[Neal Zimmers]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1974
|-
| 6
| [[Chuck Horn]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_06.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1984
|-
| 7
| [[Richard Finan]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_07.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1978 (Appt.)
|-
| 8
| [[Stanley Aronoff]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_08.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1967
|-
| 9
| [[Bill Bowen]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090930204537/http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_09.html]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1970 (Appt.)
|-
| 10
| [[Merle G. Kearns]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_10.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1991 (Appt.)
|-
| 11
| [[Linda J. Furney]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_11.html]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1986
|-
| 12
| [[Robert R. Cupp]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_12.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1984
|-
| 13
| [[Alan Zaleski]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_13.html]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
| 1982
|-
| 14
| [[Cooper Snyder]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_14.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1979 (Appt.)
|-
| 15
| [[Ben Espy]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_15.html]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1992 (Appt.)
|-
| 16
| [[Eugene J. Watts]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_16.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1984
|-
| 17
| [[Jan Michael Long]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_17.html]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1986
|-
| 18
| [[Robert Boggs]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_18.html]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1982
|-
| 19
| [[Richard Schafrath]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_19.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1986
|-
| 20
| [[Bob Ney]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080213081127/http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_20.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1984 (Appt.)
|-
| 21
| [[Jeffrey Johnson (Ohio politician)|Jeffrey Johnson]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_21.html]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1990 (Appt.)
|-
| 22
| [[Grace L. Drake]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_22.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1984 (Appt.)
|-
| 23
| [[Anthony Sinagra]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_23.html]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1990
|-
| 24
| [[Gary C. Suhadolnik]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_24.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1980
|-
| 25
| [[Judy Sheerer]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_25.html]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1992 (Appt.)
|-
| 26
| [[Paul Pfeifer]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_26.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1976
|-
| 27
| [[Roy Ray]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_27.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1986
|-
| 28
| [[Bob Nettle]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_28.html]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1986
|-
| 29
| [[Scott Oelslager]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_29.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1985 (Appt.)
|-
| 30
| [[Rob Burch (politician)|Rob Burch]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_30.html]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1984
|-
| 31
| [[Steve Williams (Ohio)|Steven O. Williams]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_31.html]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1990
|-
| 32
| [[Charles Henry (Ohio politician)|Charles Henry]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_32.html]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1988
|-
| 33
| [[Harry Meshel]] [http://www.senate.state.oh.us/senators/bios/sd_33.html]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1970
|}
==House of Representatives==
===Leadership===
====Majority leadership====
* Speaker of the House: [[Vern Riffe]]
* President pro tempore of the House: [[Barney Quilter]]
* Floor Leader: [[William L. Mallory, Sr.|Bill Mallory]]
* Assistant Majority Floor Leader: [[Cliff Skeen]]
* Majority Whip: [[Judy Sheerer]]
* Assistant Majority Whip: [[Marc Guthrie]]
====Minority leadership====
* Leader: [[Corwin Nixon]]
* Assistant Leader: Dave Johnson
* Whip: [[Jo Ann Davidson]]
* Assistant Whip: [[Randy Gardner (Ohio politician)|Randy Gardner]]
===Members of the 119th Ohio House of Representatives===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! District
! Representative
! Party
! First Elected
|-
| 1
| [[Bill Thompson (Ohio)|Bill Thompson]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1986
|-
| 2
| [[Ross Boggs]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1982
|-
| 3
| [[Sean D. Logan]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1990 (Appt.)
|-
| 4
| [[William G. Batchelder]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1968
|-
| 5
| [[Randy Gardner (Ohio politician)|Randy Gardner]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1985 (Appt.)
|-
| 6
| [[Ed Kasputis]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1990
|-
| 7
| [[Rocco Colonna]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1974
|-
| 8
| [[Madeline Cain]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1988
|-
| 9
| [[Patrick Sweeney (politician)|Patrick Sweeney]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1967
|-
| 10
| [[Ron Mottl]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1986
|-
| 11
| [[Barbara C. Pringle]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1982 (Appt.)
|-
| 12
| [[Troy Lee James]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1967
|-
| 13
| [[Frank Mahnic Jr.]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1988
|-
| 14
| [[C.J. Prentiss]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1990
|-
| 15
| [[Jane L. Campbell|Jane Campbell]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1984
|-
| 16
| [[Vermel Whalen]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1986 (Appt.)
|-
| 17
| [[Suzanne Bergansky]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1988
|-
| 18
| Vacant
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
|
|-
| 19
| [[Ron Suster]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1980
|-
| 20
| [[Cheryl Winkler]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1990 (Appt.)
|-
| 21
| [[Jerome F. Luebbers]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1978
|-
| 22
| [[Lou Blessing]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1982
|-
| 23
| [[William L. Mallory Sr.]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1966
|-
| 24
| [[Terry Tranter]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1976 (Appt.)
|-
| 25
| [[Helen Rankin (Ohio politician)|Helen Rankin]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1978 (Appt.)
|-
| 26
| [[Jacquelin K. O'Brien]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1986
|-
| 27
| [[Dale N. Van Vyven]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1978 (Appt.)
|-
| 28
| [[Ed Thomas Jr.]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
| 29
| [[Ray Miller (Ohio legislator)|Ray Miller]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1982
|-
| 30
| [[Mike Stinziano]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1972
|-
| 31
| [[Otto Beatty Jr.]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1980 (Appt.)
|-
| 32
| [[Dean Conley]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1978
|-
| 33
| [[Richard Cordray]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1990
|-
| 34
| [[Jo Ann Davidson]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1980
|-
| 35
| [[Bill Schuck]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
| 36
| [[Rhine McLin]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1989 (Appt.)
|-
| 37
| [[Tom Roberts (Ohio politician)|Tom Roberts]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1986 (Appt.)
|-
| 38
| [[Bob Corbin]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1976
|-
| 39
| [[Bob Hickey]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1982
|-
| 40
| [[Jeff Jacobson (Ohio)|Jeff Jacobson]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1992 (Appt.)
|-
| 41
| [[Tom Seese]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1986 (Appt.)
|-
| 42
| [[Vernon Sykes]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1983 (Appt.)
|-
| 43
| [[Wayne Jones (Ohio)|Wayne Jones]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1988 (Appt.)
|-
| 44
| [[Tom Watkins (politician)|Tom Watkins]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1984
|-
| 45
| [[Casey Jones (Ohio politician)|Casey Jones]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1968
|-
| 46
| [[Don Czarcinski]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1983 (Appt.)
|-
| 47
| [[Barney Quilter]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1966
|-
| 48
| [[Tim Greenwood]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1988
|-
| 49
| [[Johnnie Maier Jr.]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1990
|-
| 50
| [[William J. Healy]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1974
|-
| 51
| [[David Johnson (Ohio politician)|Dave Johnson]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1978
|-
| 52
| [[Joseph Vukovich]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1976
|-
| 53
| [[Bob Hagan]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1986
|-
| 54
| [[John Bara]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1982
|-
| 55
| [[Joseph Koziura]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1984
|-
| 56
| [[Michael A. Fox]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1974
|-
| 57
| [[Scott Nein]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1990
|-
| 58
| [[June Lucas]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1986
|-
| 59
| [[Michael G. Verich]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1982
|-
| 60
| [[Dan Troy]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1982
|-
| 61
| [[Ray Sines]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
| 62
| David Hartley
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
|
|-
| 63
| [[Paul Jones (Ohio)|Paul Jones]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1982
|-
| 64
| [[Frank Sawyer (Ohio)|Frank Sawyer]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1982
|-
| 65
| [[Bob Doyle (Ohio)|Bob Doyle]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1982
|-
| 66
| [[Sam Bateman Jr.]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
| 67
| [[Marc Guthrie]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1982
|-
| 68
| [[Bob Netzley]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1967
|-
| 69
| [[Cliff Skeen]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1976
|-
| 70
| [[Fred Deering]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1972
|-
| 71
| [[Ron Gerberry]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1974
|-
| 72
| [[Katherine Walsh (Ohio)|Katherine Walsh]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1988
|-
| 73
| [[James Buchy]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
| 74
| [[Bob Clark (Ohio)|Bob Clark]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1982
|-
| 75
|[[Joe Haines (Ohio)|Joe Haines]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1980
|-
| 76
| [[Eugene Byers]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1986
|-
| 77
| [[Doug White (politician)|Doug White]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1990
|-
| 78
| [[Jon D. Myers]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1990
|-
| 79
| [[Larry Manahan]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1978
|-
| 80
| [[Lynn Wachtmann]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1984
|-
| 81
| [[Jim Davis (Ohio)|Jim Davis]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1984
|-
| 82
| [[Jon Stozich]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
| 83
| [[Ed Core]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
| 84
| [[Corwin Nixon]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1967
|-
| 85
| [[Dwight Wise]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1982
|-
| 86
| [[Randy Weston (Ohio politician)|Randy Weston]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1990
|-
| 87
| [[Joan Lawrence]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1982
|-
| 88
| [[Mike Shoemaker]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1982
|-
| 89
| [[Vern Riffe]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1967
|-
| 90
| [[Rick Rench]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
| 91
| [[Paul Mechling]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
|
|-
| 92
| [[Mark Malone (Ohio)|Mark Malone]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1984
|-
| 93
| [[Ron Amstutz]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|1980
|-
| 94
| [[Mary Abel (politician)|Mary Abel]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1989 (Appt.)
|-
| 95
| [[Mike McCullough (politician)|Michael McCullough]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1992 (Appt.)
|-
| 96
| [[Tom Johnson (Ohio House of Representatives)|Tom Johnson]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1976
|-
| 97
| [[Greg DiDonato]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1990
|-
| 98
| [[Jerry W. Krupinski]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1986
|-
| 99
| [[Jack Cera]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1982
|}
Appt.- Member was appointed to current House Seat
==See also==
*[[Ohio House of Representatives membership, 126th General Assembly]]
*[[Ohio House of Representatives membership, 125th General Assembly]]
* [[List of Ohio state legislatures]]
==References==
*[http://www.house.state.oh.us/ Ohio House of Representatives] '''official website'''
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100929191251/https://www.votesmart.org/official_state_legislator.php?type=office&state_id=OH&criteria=lower Project Vote Smart – State House of Ohio]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101116232630/http://www.sos.state.oh.us/sos/upload/elections/maps/OEhouseDist.pdf Map of Ohio House Districts]
**[https://web.archive.org/web/20110110021750/http://www.sos.state.oh.us/sos/upload/publications/election/DistMaps.pdf Ohio District Maps 2002–2012]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061109060325/http://www.sos.state.oh.us/SOS/ElectionsVoter/results2006.aspx?Section=1851 2006 election results from Ohio Secretary of State]
{{United States legislatures}}
{{Ohio General Assemblies}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ohio House Of Representatives 119}}
[[Category:Ohio legislative sessions]]
[[Category:1991 U.S. legislative sessions|Ohio]]
[[Category:1992 U.S. legislative sessions|Ohio]]
[[Category:1991 in Ohio]]
[[Category:1992 in Ohio]]
[[de:Repräsentantenhaus von Ohio]]
| 1,276,339,172 |
[]
| false |
# 1688 in China
Events from the year 1688 in China.
## Incumbents
- Kangxi Emperor (27th year)
## Events
- Sino-Russian border conflicts
- The Tong of Fushun, originally Han Bannermen, begin reinventing themselves as Manchu[1]
## Births
- Yunti, Prince Xun (10 February 1688 – 16 February 1755), born Yinzhen and also known as Yinti before 1722, formally known as Prince Xun, was a Manchu prince and military general of the Qing dynasty
## Deaths
- Empress Xiaozhuangwen (28 March 1613 – 27 January 1688), of the Khorchin Mongol Borjigit clan, personal name Bumbutai, was a consort of Hong Taiji. She was 21 years his junior.
|
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1688 in China
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1688_in_China
|
2024-09-03T06:08:28Z
|
en
|
Q65040811
| 82,308 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in China|1688}}
Events from the year '''1688 in [[China]]'''.
== Incumbents ==
* [[Kangxi Emperor]] (27th year)
<!--
===Viceroys===
-->
== Events ==
* [[Sino-Russian border conflicts]]
* The Tong of [[Fushun]], originally [[Han Bannermen]], begin reinventing themselves as [[Manchu]]<ref>Crossley, Pamela Kyle. A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology. University of California Press, 1999, 58-64.</ref>
==Births==
* [[Yunti, Prince Xun]] (10 February 1688 – 16 February 1755), born '''Yinzhen''' and also known as '''Yinti''' before 1722, formally known as '''[[Prince Xun (恂)|Prince Xun]]''', was a [[Manchu people|Manchu]] prince and military general of the [[Qing dynasty]]
==Deaths==
* [[Empress Xiaozhuangwen]] (28 March 1613 – 27 January 1688), of the [[Khorchin Mongols|Khorchin Mongol]] [[Borjigit]] clan, personal name '''Bumbutai''', was a consort of [[Hong Taiji]]. She was 21 years his junior.
==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book|title=[[Draft History of Qing]] (Qing Shi Gao)|last=Zhao|first=Erxun|author-link=Zhao Erxun|year=1928|language=zh}}
* {{citation|last=Spence|first=Jonathan D.|chapter=The K'ang-hsi Reign|editor-first=Willard J.|editor-last=Peterson|title=Cambridge History of China, Vol. 9, Part 1: The Ch'ing Dynasty to 1800|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|pages=120–182|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hi2THl2FUZ4C&pg=PA120|isbn=0521243343}}.
{{Years in the Qing dynasty}}
{{Year in Asia|1688}}
[[Category:1680s in China| ]]
[[Category:1688 by country|China]]
| 1,243,749,007 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1687 - 1686 - 1685 - 1684 - 1683": "1688 \u00b7 in \u00b7 China \u00b7 \u2192 - 1689 - 1690 - 1691 - 1692 - 1693", "Decades": "1660s 1670s 1680s 1690s 1700s", "See also": "Other events of 1688 \u00b7 History of China \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false |
# 116th Infantry Brigade Royal Marines
The 116th Infantry Brigade Royal Marines was an infantry brigade formation of the Royal Marines created in the final stages of the Second World War.
## Unit history
The unit was one of two created to address the manpower shortage of 21st Army Group in early 1945. The brigade was created on 1 January 1945 from former members of the Royal Marines Division, which had been broken up in 1943 and the troops distributed to Marine Commandos, or retrained as landing craft crew. They were quickly re-mustered as regular infantry, organised as a standard Army brigade.
The 116th Brigade was sent into action in February 1945, serving under the First Canadian Army in the crossing of the Maas, and in the advance across the Rhine into north-west Germany to the naval ports, with the 28th Battalion particularly distinguishing itself in the fighting around Oldenburg, and 27th Battalion fighting with the 4th Canadian Armoured Division in their advance through Oldenburg towards Wilhelmshaven.
The brigade remained in northern Germany after the surrender as part of XXX Corps, with their headquarters at Buxtehude, but operating in the naval ports of Wilhelmshaven, Emden, Brunsbüttel, and Cuxhaven, overseeing the capitulation of German naval ships and personnel, until returning to the UK at the end of June 1945 to be disbanded.
|
enwiki/52662792
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enwiki
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116th Infantry Brigade Royal Marines
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/116th_Infantry_Brigade_Royal_Marines
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Q28428476
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{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 116th Infantry Brigade Royal Marines
| image = 116th RM infantry brigade.svg
| image_size =
| caption =
| dates = January to June 1945
| country = United Kingdom
| allegiance =
| branch = [[Royal Navy]]
| type = [[Infantry]] [[brigade]]
| role =
| size =
| command_structure =
| garrison =
| garrison_label =
| nickname =
| patron =
| motto =
| colors =
| colors_label = <!-- or | colours_label = -->
| march =
| mascot =
| anniversaries =
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| battles = [[Second World War]]
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
| battle_honours_label =
| disbanded =
| website = <!-- Commanders -->
| notable_commanders = <!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol = Neptune's trident, in yellow, upright on an inverted scarlet isosceles triangle with domed base.<ref name="IWN"/>
| identification_symbol_label =
}}
The '''116th Infantry Brigade Royal Marines''' was an [[infantry]] [[brigade]] formation of the [[Royal Marines]] created in the final stages of the [[World War II|Second World War]].
==Unit history==
The unit was one of two created to address the manpower shortage of [[21st Army Group]] in early 1945. The brigade was created on 1 January 1945 from former members of the [[Royal Marines Division]], which had been broken up in 1943 and the troops distributed to Marine Commandos, or retrained as [[landing craft]] crew. They were quickly re-mustered as regular infantry, organised as a standard Army brigade.<ref name="IWN">{{cite web |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30071854 |title=Badge, formation, Royal Marine Division & 116th Infantry Brigade, Royal Marines |work=[[Imperial War Museum]] |accessdate=22 December 2016}}</ref>
The 116th Brigade was sent into action in February 1945, serving under the [[First Canadian Army]] in the crossing of the [[Meuse|Maas]], and in the advance across the [[Rhine]] into north-west Germany to the naval ports, with the 28th Battalion particularly distinguishing itself in the fighting around [[Oldenburg (city)|Oldenburg]],<ref name="IWN"/> and 27th Battalion fighting with the [[4th Canadian Armoured Division]] in their advance through Oldenburg towards [[Wilhelmshaven]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.naval-review.com/issues/1940s/1945-3.pdf |title=Review of Royal Marine Operations, 1939–1945 |author="Duilius" |journal=[[The Naval Review]] |volume=XXXIII |number=3 |page=186 |accessdate=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223064238/http://www.naval-review.com/issues/1940s/1945-3.pdf |archive-date=2016-12-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The brigade remained in northern Germany after [[V-E Day|the surrender]] as part of [[XXX Corps (United Kingdom)|XXX Corps]], with their headquarters at [[Buxtehude]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.baor-locations.org/Historyof21stArmyGroupandBAORMay45toFeb49.aspx.html |title=History of the 21st Army Group and BAOR: May 1945 to February 1949 |work=BAOR Locations |accessdate=22 December 2016}}</ref> but operating in the naval ports of Wilhelmshaven, [[Emden]], [[Brunsbüttel]], and [[Cuxhaven]], overseeing the capitulation of German naval ships and personnel, until returning to the UK at the end of June 1945 to be disbanded.<ref name="IWN"/>
==See also==
{{Portal|United Kingdom}}
* [[British brigades of the Second World War]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{British infantry brigades of the Second World War}}
[[Category:Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War II]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1945]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1945]]
| 1,265,073,500 |
[{"title": "116th Infantry Brigade Royal Marines", "data": {"Active": "January to June 1945", "Country": "United Kingdom", "Branch": "Royal Navy", "Type": "Infantry brigade", "Engagements": "Second World War"}}, {"title": "Insignia", "data": {"Identification \u00b7 symbol": "Neptune's trident, in yellow, upright on an inverted scarlet isosceles triangle with domed base."}}]
| false |
# 1918 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
The 1918 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 5, 1918, to select seven Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. The primary elections were held on August 27 and the runoff elections were held two weeks later on September 10. All seven incumbents were re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained solely Democratic.
## 1st congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Richard S. Whaley of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1913, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.
### General election results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------------------------- | ----- | ----- | ---- |
| | Democratic | Richard S. Whaley (incumbent) | 2,328 | 100.0 | +4.6 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 2,328 | 100.0 | +9.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,328 | | |
| | Democratic hold | | | | |
## 2nd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman James F. Byrnes of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1911, won the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.
### Democratic primary
| Democratic primary | Democratic primary | Democratic primary |
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ |
| James F. Byrnes | 7,266 | 56.9 |
| Gasper L. Toole | 3,212 | 25.1 |
| Theodore G. Croft | 1,330 | 10.4 |
| N.G. Evans | 974 | 7.6 |
### General election results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------- | --------------------------- | ----- | ----- | ---- |
| | Democratic | James F. Byrnes (incumbent) | 3,155 | 100.0 | +1.5 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,155 | 100.0 | +3.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,155 | | |
| | Democratic hold | | | | |
## 3rd congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Frederick H. Dominick of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1917, defeated Wyatt Aiken in the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.
### Democratic primary
| Democratic primary | Democratic primary | Democratic primary |
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| --------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ |
| Frederick H. Dominick | 9,596 | 51.1 |
| Wyatt Aiken | 9,166 | 48.9 |
### General election results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------- | --------------------------------- | ----- | ----- | --- |
| | Democratic | Frederick H. Dominick (incumbent) | 3,701 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,701 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,701 | | |
| | Democratic hold | | | | |
## 4th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Samuel J. Nicholls of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1915, won the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.
### Democratic primary
| Democratic primary | Democratic primary | Democratic primary |
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------------ |
| Samuel J. Nicholls | 9,651 | 46.4 |
| Horace L. Bomar | 5,743 | 27.6 |
| D.B. Traxler | 5,396 | 26.0 |
| Democratic primary runoff | Democratic primary runoff | Democratic primary runoff | Democratic primary runoff |
| Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| ------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------------- |
| Samuel J. Nicholls | 9,376 | 51.1 | +4.7 |
| Horace L. Bomar | 8,970 | 48.9 | +21.3 |
### General election results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------- | ------------------------------ | ----- | ----- | ---- |
| | Democratic | Samuel J. Nicholls (incumbent) | 4,069 | 100.0 | +0.6 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,069 | 100.0 | +1.2 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,069 | | |
| | Democratic hold | | | | |
## 5th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman William F. Stevenson of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1917, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.
### General election results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------- | -------------------------------- | ----- | ----- | --- |
| | Democratic | William F. Stevenson (incumbent) | 3,640 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,640 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,640 | | |
| | Democratic hold | | | | |
## 6th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman J. Willard Ragsdale of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1913, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.
### General election results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------- | ------------------------------- | ----- | ----- | ---- |
| | Democratic | J. Willard Ragsdale (incumbent) | 3,626 | 100.0 | +0.9 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,626 | 100.0 | +1.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 3,626 | | |
| | Democratic hold | | | | |
## 7th congressional district
Incumbent Democratic Congressman Asbury Francis Lever of the 7th congressional district, in office since 1901, won the Democratic primary and defeated Republican R.H. Richardson in the general election.
### Democratic primary
| Democratic primary | Democratic primary | Democratic primary |
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| --------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ |
| Asbury Francis Lever | 9,770 | 59.8 |
| George Bell Timmerman | 3,502 | 21.4 |
| Thomas Gordon McLeod | 2,127 | 13.0 |
| Thomas F. Brantley | 942 | 5.8 |
### General election results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------- | --------------------------- | ----- | ---- | ---- |
| | Democratic | Asbury F. Lever (incumbent) | 4,761 | 96.4 | +2.9 |
| | Republican | R.H. Richardson | 176 | 3.6 | −2.9 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 4,585 | 92.8 | +5.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,937 | | |
| | Democratic hold | | | | |
|
enwiki/16559600
|
enwiki
| 16,559,600 |
1918 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_South_Carolina
|
2024-10-17T09:35:53Z
|
en
|
Q7890587
| 266,987 |
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{ElectionsSC}}
The '''1918 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina''' were held on November 5, 1918, to select seven [[United States House of Representatives|Representatives]] for two-year terms from the state of [[South Carolina]]. The [[Partisan primary|primary election]]s were held on August 27 and the [[Two-round system|runoff elections]] were held two weeks later on September 10. All seven incumbents were re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained solely [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]].
== 1st congressional district ==
Incumbent Democratic Congressman [[Richard S. Whaley]] of the [[South Carolina's 1st congressional district|1st congressional district]], in office since 1913, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.
===General election results===
{{Election box begin | title=South Carolina's 1st congressional district election results, 1918}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Richard S. Whaley]] (incumbent)
|votes = 2,328
|percentage = 100.0
|change = +4.6
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,328
|percentage = 100.0
|change = +9.2
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,328
|percentage =
|change =
}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| colspan=5 |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] '''hold'''
|-
{{Election box end}}
== 2nd congressional district ==
Incumbent Democratic Congressman [[James F. Byrnes]] of the [[South Carolina's 2nd congressional district|2nd congressional district]], in office since 1911, won the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.
===Democratic primary===
{| class="wikitable" align="left" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; font-size: 95%;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Democratic primary
|-
! colspan="1" style="width: 170px"|Candidate
! style="width: 50px"|Votes
! style="width: 40px"|%
|-
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| [[James F. Byrnes]]
| align="right" | 7,266
| align="right" | 56.9
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| Gasper L. Toole
| align="right" | 3,212
| align="right" | 25.1
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| [[Theodore G. Croft]]
| align="right" | 1,330
| align="right" | 10.4
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| N.G. Evans
| align="right" | 974
| align="right" | 7.6
|-
|}
{{clear left}}
===General election results===
{{Election box begin | title=South Carolina's 2nd congressional district election results, 1918}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[James F. Byrnes]] (incumbent)
|votes = 3,155
|percentage = 100.0
|change = +1.5
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,155
|percentage = 100.0
|change = +3.0
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 3,155
|percentage =
|change =
}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| colspan=5 |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] '''hold'''
|-
{{Election box end}}
== 3rd congressional district ==
Incumbent Democratic Congressman [[Frederick H. Dominick]] of the [[South Carolina's 3rd congressional district|3rd congressional district]], in office since 1917, defeated [[Wyatt Aiken]] in the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.
===Democratic primary===
{| class="wikitable" align="left" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; font-size: 95%;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Democratic primary
|-
! colspan="1" style="width: 170px"|Candidate
! style="width: 50px"|Votes
! style="width: 40px"|%
|-
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| [[Frederick H. Dominick]]
| align="right" | 9,596
| align="right" | 51.1
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| [[Wyatt Aiken]]
| align="right" | 9,166
| align="right" | 48.9
|-
|}
{{clear left}}
===General election results===
{{Election box begin | title=South Carolina's 3rd congressional district election results, 1918}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Frederick H. Dominick]] (incumbent)
|votes = 3,701
|percentage = 100.0
|change = 0.0
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,701
|percentage = 100.0
|change = 0.0
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 3,701
|percentage =
|change =
}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| colspan=5 |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] '''hold'''
|-
{{Election box end}}
== 4th congressional district ==
Incumbent Democratic Congressman [[Samuel J. Nicholls]] of the [[South Carolina's 4th congressional district|4th congressional district]], in office since 1915, won the Democratic primary and was unopposed in the general election.
===Democratic primary===
{| class="wikitable" align="left" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; font-size: 95%;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Democratic primary
|-
! colspan="1" style="width: 170px"|Candidate
! style="width: 50px"|Votes
! style="width: 40px"|%
|-
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| [[Samuel J. Nicholls]]
| align="right" | 9,651
| align="right" | 46.4
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| Horace L. Bomar
| align="right" | 5,743
| align="right" | 27.6
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| D.B. Traxler
| align="right" | 5,396
| align="right" | 26.0
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" align="left" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; font-size: 95%;"
|-
! colspan="4" | Democratic primary runoff
|-
! colspan="1" style="width: 170px"|Candidate
! style="width: 50px"|Votes
! style="width: 40px"|%
! style="width: 40px"|±%
|-
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| [[Samuel J. Nicholls]]
| align="right" | 9,376
| align="right" | 51.1
| align="right" | +4.7
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| Horace L. Bomar
| align="right" | 8,970
| align="right" | 48.9
| align="right" | +21.3
|-
|}
{{clear left}}
===General election results===
{{Election box begin | title=South Carolina's 4th congressional district election results, 1918}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Samuel J. Nicholls]] (incumbent)
|votes = 4,069
|percentage = 100.0
|change = +0.6
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,069
|percentage = 100.0
|change = +1.2
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 4,069
|percentage =
|change =
}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| colspan=5 |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] '''hold'''
|-
{{Election box end}}
== 5th congressional district ==
Incumbent Democratic Congressman [[William Francis Stevenson|William F. Stevenson]] of the [[South Carolina's 5th congressional district|5th congressional district]], in office since 1917, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.
===General election results===
{{Election box begin | title=South Carolina's 5th congressional district election results, 1918}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[William Francis Stevenson|William F. Stevenson]] (incumbent)
|votes = 3,640
|percentage = 100.0
|change = 0.0
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,640
|percentage = 100.0
|change = 0.0
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 3,640
|percentage =
|change =
}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| colspan=5 |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] '''hold'''
|-
{{Election box end}}
== 6th congressional district ==
Incumbent Democratic Congressman [[J. Willard Ragsdale]] of the [[South Carolina's 6th congressional district|6th congressional district]], in office since 1913, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.
===General election results===
{{Election box begin | title=South Carolina's 6th congressional district election results, 1918}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[J. Willard Ragsdale]] (incumbent)
|votes = 3,626
|percentage = 100.0
|change = +0.9
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,626
|percentage = 100.0
|change = +1.8
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 3,626
|percentage =
|change =
}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| colspan=5 |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] '''hold'''
|-
{{Election box end}}
== 7th congressional district ==
Incumbent Democratic Congressman [[Asbury Francis Lever]] of the [[South Carolina's 7th congressional district|7th congressional district]], in office since 1901, won the Democratic primary and defeated Republican R.H. Richardson in the general election.
===Democratic primary===
{| class="wikitable" align="left" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; font-size: 95%;"
|-
! colspan="3" | Democratic primary
|-
! colspan="1" style="width: 170px"|Candidate
! style="width: 50px"|Votes
! style="width: 40px"|%
|-
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| [[Asbury Francis Lever]]
| align="right" | 9,770
| align="right" | 59.8
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| George Bell Timmerman
| align="right" | 3,502
| align="right" | 21.4
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| [[Thomas Gordon McLeod]]
| align="right" | 2,127
| align="right" | 13.0
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| Thomas F. Brantley
| align="right" | 942
| align="right" | 5.8
|-
|}
{{clear left}}
===General election results===
{{Election box begin | title=South Carolina's 7th congressional district election results, 1918}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Asbury Francis Lever|Asbury F. Lever]] (incumbent)
|votes = 4,761
|percentage = 96.4
|change = +2.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = R.H. Richardson
|votes = 176
|percentage = 3.6
|change = -2.9
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,585
|percentage = 92.8
|change = +5.8
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 4,937
|percentage =
|change =
}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| colspan=5 |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] '''hold'''
|-
{{Election box end}}
==See also==
*[[United States House of Representatives elections, 1918]]
*[[South Carolina gubernatorial election, 1918]]
*[[South Carolina's congressional district s]]
==References==
*{{cite book | last = Jordan | first = Frank E | title = The Primary State: A History of the Democratic Party in South Carolina, 1876-1962 | pages = 101–102, 105, 110, 123}}
*"Report of the Secretary of State to the General Assembly of South Carolina. Part II." ''Reports of State Officers Boards and Committees to the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina''. Volume II. Columbia, SC: 1919, pp. 31–33.
{{1918 United States elections}}
{{United States House elections in South Carolina}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:United States House Of Representatives Elections In South Carolina, 1918}}
[[Category:1918 United States House of Representatives elections|South Carolina]]
[[Category:United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina|1918]]
[[Category:1918 South Carolina elections]]
| 1,251,659,631 |
[]
| false |
# 1159
Year 1159 (MCLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
## Events
- September 7 – Pope Alexander III succeeds Pope Adrian IV, as the 170th pope.[1][2][3]
- Taira no Kiyomori leaves Kyōto on a personal pilgrimage, giving Fujiwara no Nobuyori and his Minamoto allies the perfect chance to stage an uprising.[4][5][6]
- Tunis is reconquered from the Normans, by the Almohad caliphs.[7][8][9]
- (Approximate date): Churchman Richard FitzNeal is appointed Lord High Treasurer in England, in charge of Henry II of England's Exchequer, an office he will hold for almost 40 years.[10][11][12]
## Births
- Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Japanese general (d. 1189)[13][14][15]
## Deaths
- May 30 – Wladislaus II, the Exile of Poland (b. 1105)[16][17]
- August 29 – Bertha of Sulzbach, Byzantine Empress (b. 1110s)[18][19]
- September 1 – Pope Adrian IV (b. c. 1100)[20][21][22]
- October 11 – William of Blois, Count of Boulogne and Earl of Surrey (b. c. 1137)[23][24]
- Joscelin II, Count of Edessa[25][26][27]
|
enwiki/40084
|
enwiki
| 40,084 |
1159
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1159
|
2025-01-03T13:01:44Z
|
en
|
Q19659
| 115,950 |
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1159}}
{{Year nav|1159}}
{{C12 year in topic}}Year '''1159''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCLIX]]''') was a [[common year starting on Thursday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
* [[September 7]] – [[Pope Alexander III]] succeeds [[Pope Adrian IV]], as the 170th [[pope]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Barlow|first=Frank|date=April 1936|title=The English, Norman, and French Councils Called to Deal with the Papal Schism of 1159|journal=The English Historical Review|volume=51|issue=202|pages=264–268|doi=10.1093/ehr/LI.CCII.264|issn=0013-8266|quote=In September 1159 Pope Adrian IV died, and a double election was made to the Papacy. The imperialist faction chose Octavian, cardinal-priest of St. Cecilia, who took the title of Victor IV, and the church party Roland, the chancellor, who became known as Alexander III.|jstor=553521}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUr31ZoNGuAC&q=1159+pope+Adrian+IV&pg=PA208|title=The Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature|last=Dolan|first=Terence|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|isbn=9780521890465|editor-last=Wallace|editor-first=David|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=208|language=en|chapter=Chapter 8: Writing in Ireland|orig-year=1999}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMpMAQAAMAAJ&q=1159+pope+Alexander+III&pg=PA161|title=Romanism as it is: An Exposition of the Roman Catholic System, for the Use of the American People Embracing a Full Account of Its Origin and Development at Rome and from Rome, Its Distinctive Features in Theory and Practice, Its Characteristic Tendencies and Aims, Its Statistical and Moral Position, and Its Special Relations to American Institutions and Liberties; the Whole Drawn from Official and Authentic Sources, and Enriched with Numerous Illustrations, Documentary, Historical, Descriptive, Anecdotical and Pictorial: Together with a Full and Complete Index, and an Appendix of Matters from 1871 to 1876|last=Barnum|first=Samuel Weed|publisher=Connecticut Publishing Company|year=1876|location=Hartford, CT|pages=11|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Taira no Kiyomori]] leaves [[Kyōto]] on a personal pilgrimage, giving [[Fujiwara no Nobuyori]] and his [[Minamoto]] allies the perfect chance to stage an [[Heiji Rebellion|uprising]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mr1GDwAAQBAJ&q=1159+Heiji+Rebellion&pg=PA100|title=How To Read World History in Art: From the Code of Hammurabit to September 11|last1=Febbraro|first1=Flavio|last2=Shwetje|first2=Burkhard|publisher=Abrams Books|year=2010|isbn=9780810996830|location=New York|pages=100|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Matsunami|first=Yoshihiro|date=1979|title=Conflict within the Development of Buddhism|journal=Japanese Journal of Religious Studies|volume=6|issue=1/2|pages=329–345|doi=10.18874/jjrs.6.1-2.1979.329-345|issn=0304-1042|quote=Wars, beginning with the Hogen rebellion of 1156 and the Heiji rebellion of 1159, occurred in rapid succession, bringing confusion and chaos to the people.|jstor=30233204|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gbwdAAAAQBAJ&q=1159+Heiji+Rebellion&pg=PA1|title=Authorizing the Shogunate: Ritual and Material Symbolism in the Literary Construction of Warrior Order|last=Selinger|first=Vyjayanthi R.|publisher=BRILL|year=2013|isbn=9789004255333|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=1|language=en|chapter=Chapter 1: Genpei Jōsuiki and the Historical Narration of the Genpei War}}</ref>
* [[Tunis]] is reconquered from the [[Normans]], by the [[Almohad]] caliphs.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AOKfN0lPLaoC&q=1159+Tunis+Normans&pg=RA1-PA99|title=The Normans and Their Adversaries at War: Essays in Memory of C. Warren Hollister|last1=Abels|first1=Richard Philip|last2=Bachrach|first2=Bernard S.|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|year=2001|isbn=9780851158471|location=Woodbridge, UK, Rochester, NY|pages=99|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AIMRDQAAQBAJ&q=1159+Tunis+Normans&pg=PA197|title=Historical Dictionary of Tunisia|last=Perkins|first=Kenneth J.|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2016|isbn=9781442273184|edition= Third|location=Lanham, MA, Boulder, CO, New York, London|pages=197|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k2By-NdV93AC&q=1159+Tunis+Normans&pg=PR294|title=The Rough Guide to Tunisia|last1=Jacobs|first1=Daniel|last2=Morris|first2=Peter|publisher=Rough Guides|year=2001|isbn=9781858287485|location=London and New York|pages=432|language=en}}</ref>
* (Approximate date): Churchman [[Richard FitzNeal]] is appointed [[Lord High Treasurer]] in [[Kingdom of England|England]], in charge of [[Henry II of England]]'s [[Exchequer]], an office he will hold for almost 40 years.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q95RAQAAIAAJ&q=1159+Richard+FitzNeal&pg=PA88|title=Chapters in the Administrative History of Mediaeval England: The Wardrobe, the Chamber and the Small Seals|last=Tout|first=Thomas Frederick|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=1920|volume=1|location=Manchester and New York|pages=88|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RRtWubS24-YC&q=1159+Richard+FitzNeal&pg=PA29|title=The Cartulary of Chatteris Abbey|last=Abbey|first=Chatteris|publisher=Boydell Press|year=1999|isbn=9780851157504|location=Woodbridge, UK and Rochester, NY|pages=29|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Karn|first=Nicholas|date=2007|title=Nigel, bishop of Ely, and the restoration of the exchequer after the 'anarchy' of King Stephen's reign*|journal=Historical Research|language=en|volume=80|issue=209|pages=299–314|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2281.2006.00392.x|issn=1468-2281|quote=The author of the Liber Eliensis indicates that Richard was appointed in 1159, during the preparations for the Toulouse campaign}}</ref>
== Births ==
* [[Minamoto no Yoshitsune]], Japanese general (d. [[1189]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HXbeAwAAQBAJ&q=1159+Minamoto+no+Yoshitsune&pg=PA162|title=The Columbia Anthology of Japanese Essays: Zuihitsu from the Tenth to the Twenty-First Century|last=Carter|first=Steven D.|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2014|isbn=9780231537551|location=New York|pages=162|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RX52MsrFdl4C&q=1159+Minamoto+no+Yoshitsune&pg=PA32|title=A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower|last=Henshall|first=K.|publisher=Springer|year=2012|isbn=9780230369184|location=London and New York|pages=32|language=en|orig-year=1999}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Miyawaki–okada|first=Junko|date=1 January 2006|title=The Japanese Origin of the Chinggis Khan Legends|journal=Inner Asia|language=en|volume=8|issue=1|pages=123–34|doi=10.1163/146481706793646819|issn=2210-5018|quote=Minamoto no Yoshitsune, or Gen Gikei as his name is in Sino-Japanese pronunciation, was born in 1159 as a half brother of Minamoto no Yoritomo}}</ref>
== Deaths ==
* [[May 30]] – [[Władysław II the Exile|Wladislaus II, the Exile of Poland]] (b. [[1105]])<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265972610|title=Rome, Constantinople and Newly-converted Europe: Archaeological and Historical Evidence|last1=Salamon|first1=Maciej|last2=Hardt|first2=Matthias|last3=Kruk|first3=Mirosław Piotr|last4=Sulikowska|first4=Aleksandra|publisher=Geisteswissenschaftliches Zentrum Geschichte und Kultur Ostmitteleuropas|year=2012|isbn=9788389499851|location=Kraków, Leipzig, Rzeszów, Warszawa|pages=215|language=en|chapter=The Archetypal Crusader. Henry of Sandomierz, the Second Youngest Son of Bolesław III by Darius Von Güttner-Sporzyński|quote=Within the decade of his birth Henry’s father died, and Henry’s elder half-brother Władysław ii Wygnaniec (the exile [1105-1159]) ascended the Polish throne.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5eNRAgAAQBAJ&q=1159+W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+II+the+Exile&pg=PA175|title=Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c.900–c.1300|last1=Berend|first1=Nora|last2=Urbańczyk|first2=Przemysław|last3=Wiszewski|first3=Przemysław|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013|isbn=9781107651395|series=Cambridge Medieval Textbooks|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=175|language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 29]] – [[Bertha of Sulzbach]], Byzantine Empress (b. [[1110s]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gWGAgAAQBAJ&q=1159+Bertha+of+Sulzbach&pg=PA201|title=Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium AD 527-1204|last=Garland|first=Lynda|author-link=Lynda Garland |publisher=Routledge|year=1999|isbn=9781134756391|location=London and New York|pages=201|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fkQOAQAAIAAJ&q=1159+Bertha+of+Sulzbach|title=A History of the Crusades: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187|last=Runciman|first=Steven|publisher=University Press|year=1954|isbn=9780521061636|pages=359|language=en|quote=About the end of the year 1159 the Empress Irene, born Bertha of Sulzbach, had died leaving only a daughter behind her.}}</ref>
* [[September 1]] – [[Pope Adrian IV]] (b. c. [[1100]])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2CTAgAAQBAJ&q=1159+Pope+Adrian+IV&pg=PT517|title=Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia|last=Eden|first=Bradford Lee|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=9781135948801|editor-last=Kleinhenz|editor-first=Christopher|location=New York and London|pages=487|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mq7ctwMNdoC&q=1159+Pope+Hadrian+IV&pg=PA25|title=Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes|last=Williams|first=George L.|publisher=McFarland|year=2004|isbn=9780786420711|location=Jefferson, NC and London|pages=25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XjixCwAAQBAJ&q=1159+Pope+Hadrian+IV&pg=PA45|title=Historical Tables 58 BC – AD 1990|last=Steinberg|first=S. H.|publisher=Springer|year=1991|isbn=9781349127467|edition= 12th |location=London and Basigstoke|pages=45|language=en|orig-year=1939}}</ref>
* [[October 11]] – [[William I, Count of Boulogne|William of Blois]], [[Count of Boulogne]] and [[Earl of Surrey]] (b. c. [[1137]])<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K48jAQAAMAAJ&q=1159+William+of+Blois&pg=PA216|title=The History of England: From the First Invasion by the Romans to the Accession of William and Mary in 1688|last=Lingard|first=John|publisher=James Duffy & Sons|year=1874|location=Dublin|pages=216|language=en|chapter=Chapter VIII: William I, Surnamed The Conqueror}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yxc1DQAAQBAJ&q=1159+William+of+Blois&pg=PA202|title=Royal Bastards: The Birth of Illegitimacy, 800-1230|last=McDougall|first=Sara|author-link=Sara McDougall|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2017|isbn=9780198785828|location=Oxford and New York|pages=202|language=en|quote=In 1159 William "Longsword", count of Boulogne, earl of Warenne by right of his wife, the son of King Stephen of England and his wife Matilda of Boulogne, died without issue.}}</ref>
* [[Joscelin II, Count of Edessa]]<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axNbLoiLLgMC&q=1159+Joscelin+II&pg=PA91|title=Texts, documents, and artefacts [electronic resource]: Islamic studies in honour of D.S. Richards|last=Hillenbrand|first=Carol|publisher=BRILL|year=2003|isbn=9789004128644|editor-last=Robinson|editor-first=Chase F.|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=91|language=en|chapter=The Imprisonment of Reynald at Châtillon}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HrqqhduBapQC&q=1159+Joscelin+II&pg=PA36|title=The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335)|last=Dashdondog|first=Bayarsaikhan|publisher=BRILL|year=2011|isbn=9789004186354|location=Leiden, Boston|pages=36|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8BjA-GcRHHoC&q=1159+Joscelin+II&pg=PA84|title=The A to Z of the Crusades|last=Slack|first=Corliss K.|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2003|isbn=9780810863316|location=Lanham, MD and Plymouth, UK|pages=84|language=en}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1159}}
[[Category:1159| ]]
| 1,267,067,484 |
[{"title": "1159 in various calendars", "data": {"Gregorian calendar": "1159 \u00b7 MCLIX", "Ab urbe condita": "1912", "Armenian calendar": "608 \u00b7 \u0539\u054e \u0548\u0538", "Assyrian calendar": "5909", "Balinese saka calendar": "1080\u20131081", "Bengali calendar": "565\u2013566", "Berber calendar": "2109", "English Regnal year": "5 Hen. 2 \u2013 6 Hen. 2", "Buddhist calendar": "1703", "Burmese calendar": "521", "Byzantine calendar": "6667\u20136668", "Chinese calendar": "\u620a\u5bc5\u5e74 (Earth Tiger) \u00b7 3856 or 3649 \u00b7 \u2014 to \u2014 \u00b7 \u5df1\u536f\u5e74 (Earth Rabbit) \u00b7 3857 or 3650", "Coptic calendar": "875\u2013876", "Discordian calendar": "2325", "Ethiopian calendar": "1151\u20131152", "Hebrew calendar": "4919\u20134920", "- Vikram Samvat": "1215\u20131216", "- Shaka Samvat": "1080\u20131081", "- Kali Yuga": "4259\u20134260", "Holocene calendar": "11159", "Igbo calendar": "159\u2013160", "Iranian calendar": "537\u2013538", "Islamic calendar": "553\u2013554", "Japanese calendar": "H\u014dgen 4 / Heiji 1 \u00b7 (\u5e73\u6cbb\u5143\u5e74)", "Javanese calendar": "1065\u20131066", "Julian calendar": "1159 \u00b7 MCLIX", "Korean calendar": "3492", "Minguo calendar": "753 before ROC \u00b7 \u6c11\u524d753\u5e74", "Nanakshahi calendar": "\u2212309", "Seleucid era": "1470/1471 AG", "Thai solar calendar": "1701\u20131702", "Tibetan calendar": "\u9633\u571f\u864e\u5e74 \u00b7 (male Earth-Tiger) \u00b7 1285 or 904 or 132 \u00b7 \u2014 to \u2014 \u00b7 \u9634\u571f\u5154\u5e74 \u00b7 (female Earth-Rabbit) \u00b7 1286 or 905 or 133"}}]
| false |
# 1688 Wilkens
1688 Wilkens, provisional designation 1951 EQ1, is a Mitidika asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 March 1951, by Argentine astronomer Miguel Itzigsohn at La Plata Observatory in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and named after astronomer Alexander Wilkens.
## Classification and orbit
Wilkens has been identified as a member of the Mitidika family, a dispersed asteroid family of typically carbonaceous C-type asteroids. The family is named after 2262 Mitidika (diameter of 9 km) and consists of 653 known members, the largest ones being 404 Arsinoë (95 km) and 5079 Brubeck (17 km).: 23
It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,547 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.24 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic. As no precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made, Wilkens' observation arc begins with its official discovery observation in 1951.
## Physical characteristics
### Rotation period
In July 2007, astronomer Lorenzo Franco obtained a rotational lightcurve of Wilkens at the Balzaretto Observatory (A81) near Rome, Italy. It gave a well-defined period of 7.248 hours and a brightness variation of 0.23 magnitude (U=3). Photometric observations in the S-band at the Palomar Transient Factory in January 2014, gave a period of 7.3017 hours with an amplitude of 0.34 (U=2).
### Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Wilkens measures 16.23 and 16.82 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.044 and 0.066, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.10 and calculates a diameter of 12.12 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.7.
## Naming
This minor planet was named for German astronomer Alexander Wilkens (1881–1968), researcher in many branches of astronomy, most notably celestial mechanics. After having worked for many years in Germany, he trained two generations of celestial mechanicians at the discovering La Plata Observatory before returning to his native country. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 August 1980 (M.P.C. 5449).
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enwiki
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1688 Wilkens
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1688_Wilkens
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2023-12-25T20:16:35Z
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en
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Q142382
| 117,152 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1688 Wilkens
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| discovered = 3 March 1951
| discoverer = [[Miguel Itzigsohn|M. Itzigsohn]]
| discovery_site = [[La Plata Astronomical Observatory|La Plata Obs.]]
| mpc_name = (1688) Wilkens
| alt_names = {{mp|1951 EQ|1}}{{·}}1964 JC
| named_after = Alexander Wilkens<br />{{small|(German astronomer)}}<ref name="springer" />
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|middle]])}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />[[Mitidika family|Mitidika]]<ref name="Ferret" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 66.05 yr (24,123 days)
| aphelion = 3.2511 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 1.9834 AU
| semimajor = 2.6173 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2422
| period = 4.23 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,547 days)
| mean_anomaly = 158.97[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2328|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 11.763°
| asc_node = 245.77°
| arg_peri = 42.399°
| dimensions = 12.12 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|16.239|0.118}} km<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" /><br />{{val|16.82|0.29}} km<ref name="AKARI" />
| rotation = {{val|7.248|0.001}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="Franco-2012c" /><br />{{val|7.3017|0.0676}} h<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />
| albedo = {{val|0.044|0.005}}<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" /><br />{{val|0.066|0.003}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />0.10 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]] {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| abs_magnitude = 12.50<ref name="AKARI" />{{·}}12.7<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="WISE" />{{·}}{{val|12.91|0.45}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}{{val|12.953|0.002}} {{small|(S)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />
}}
'''1688 Wilkens''', provisional designation {{mp|1951 EQ|1}}, is a Mitidika [[asteroid]] from the central region of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 16 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 March 1951, by Argentine astronomer [[Miguel Itzigsohn]] at [[La Plata Astronomical Observatory|La Plata Observatory]] in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and named after astronomer [[Alexander Wilkens]].<ref name="MPC-Wilkens" />
== Classification and orbit ==
''Wilkens'' has been identified as a member of the [[Mitidika family]], a dispersed [[asteroid family]] of typically carbonaceous [[C-type asteroid]]s. The family is named after [[2262 Mitidika]] (diameter of 9 [[Kilometre|km]]) and consists of 653 known members, the largest ones being [[404 Arsinoë]] (95 km) and [[5079 Brubeck]] (17 km).<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}
It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|central]] main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.3 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 3 months (1,547 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.24 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 12[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> As no [[precoveries]] were taken, and no prior identifications were made, ''Wilkens''{{'}} [[observation arc]] begins with its official discovery observation in 1951.<ref name="MPC-Wilkens" />
== Physical characteristics ==
=== Rotation period ===
In July 2007, astronomer Lorenzo Franco obtained a rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Wilkens'' at the Balzaretto Observatory ({{small|[[IAU code#A81|A81]]}}) near Rome, Italy. It gave a well-defined period of 7.248 hours and a brightness variation of 0.23 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3]]}}).<ref name="Franco-2012c" /> Photometric observations in the S-band at the [[Palomar Transient Factory]] in January 2014, gave a period of 7.3017 hours with an amplitude of 0.34 ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2]]}}).<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari]] satellite and NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] with its subsequent [[NEOWISE]] mission, ''Wilkens'' measures 16.23 and 16.82 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.044 and 0.066, respectively.<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="AKARI" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes an albedo of 0.10 and calculates a diameter of 12.12 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 12.7.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This [[minor planet]] was named for German astronomer Alexander Wilkens (1881–1968), researcher in many branches of astronomy, most notably celestial mechanics. After having worked for many years in Germany, he trained two generations of [[Celestial mechanics|celestial mechanicians]] at the discovering La Plata Observatory before returning to his native country.<ref name="springer" /> The official naming citation was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 1 August 1980 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 5449}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2017-03-19 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1688 Wilkens (1951 EQ1)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001688
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161222223304/http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001688
|archive-date = 22 December 2016
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date = 6 June 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|page = 134
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1689 |chapter = (1688) Wilkens }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Wilkens">{{cite web
|title = 1688 Wilkens (1951 EQ1)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1688
|access-date = 22 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|access-date = 22 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid 1688 Wilkens – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0
|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1688+Wilkens#Asteroid%201688%20WilkensEAR-A-VARGBDET-5-NESVORNYFAM-V3.0
|access-date = 26 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book
|first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný
|first2 = M. |last2 = Broz
|first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba
|date = December 2014
|chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families
|title = Asteroids IV
|pages = 297–321
|bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N
|doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016
|arxiv = 1502.01628
|isbn = 978-0-8165-3213-1}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (1688) Wilkens
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1688%7CWilkens
|access-date = 22 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|doi-access= free
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1688 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407}}</ref>
<ref name="Franco-2012c">{{Cite journal
|author = Franco, Lorenzo
|date = April 2012
|title = Lightcurve Photometry of 1688 Wilkens
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012MPBu...39...50F
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 39
|issue = 2
|page = 50
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2012MPBu...39...50F
|access-date= 22 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak
|first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang
|first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek
|first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher
|first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci
|first6 = David |last6 = Levitan
|first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace
|first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng
|first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip
|first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita
|first11 = George |last11 = Helou
|first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince
|first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni
|date = September 2015
|title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 150
|issue = 3
|page = 35
|bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W
|doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75
|arxiv = 1504.04041
|access-date= 22 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|access-date= 22 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey
|first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt
|first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan
|first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr
|first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie
|first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen
|first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker
|first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright
|first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun
|first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury
|first16 = T. IV |last16 = Gautier
|first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion
|first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins
|date = November 2011
|title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 20
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68
|arxiv = 1109.4096
|access-date= 22 December 2016}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* Franco, L. (2011) [http://digilander.libero.it/A81_Observatory Balzaretto Observatory] (A81)
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|1688}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1687 Glarona |number=1688 |1689 Floris-Jan}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilkens}}
[[Category:Mitidika asteroids|001688]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Miguel Itzigsohn]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1951|19510303]]
| 1,191,786,523 |
[{"title": "1688 Wilkens", "data": {"Discovered by": "M. Itzigsohn", "Discovery site": "La Plata Obs.", "Discovery date": "3 March 1951"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"MPC designation": "(1688) Wilkens", "Named after": "Alexander Wilkens \u00b7 (German astronomer)", "Alternative designations": "1951 EQ1 \u00b7 1964 JC", "Minor planet category": "main-belt \u00b7 (middle) \u00b7 Mitidika"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Orbital characteristics": ["Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)", "Uncertainty parameter 0"], "Observation arc": "66.05 yr (24,123 days)", "Aphelion": "3.2511 AU", "Perihelion": "1.9834 AU", "Semi-major axis": "2.6173 AU", "Eccentricity": "0.2422", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "4.23 yr (1,547 days)", "Mean anomaly": "158.97\u00b0", "Mean motion": "0\u00b0 13m 58.08s / day", "Inclination": "11.763\u00b0", "Longitude of ascending node": "245.77\u00b0", "Argument of perihelion": "42.399\u00b0"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Dimensions": "12.12 km (calculated) \u00b7 16.239\u00b10.118 km \u00b7 16.82\u00b10.29 km", "Synodic rotation period": "7.248\u00b10.001 h \u00b7 7.3017\u00b10.0676 h", "Geometric albedo": "0.044\u00b10.005 \u00b7 0.066\u00b10.003 \u00b7 0.10 (assumed)", "Spectral type": "S (assumed)", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "12.50 \u00b7 12.7 \u00b7 12.91\u00b10.45 \u00b7 12.953\u00b10.002 (S)"}}]
| false |
# 120 mm howitzer Model 1901
The 120 mm howitzer Model 1901 – was a German howitzer used by the Imperial Russian and Romanian Armies during the First World War.
## Design
The model 1901 was a short ranged field howitzer capable of both direct and indirect fire. The model 1901 had a short steel barrel, a box trail carriage, two wooden spoked wheels with steel rims, a horizontal sliding-block breech, it fired cased separate-loading ammunition and had a spring-loaded recoil spade. For transport, the trail of the carriage could be connected to a limber and caisson for towing by a six-horse team.
## Users
- Orange Free State – The Boers used an unknown number of model 1901 howitzers during the Second Boer War.[3]
- Russian Empire – An unknown number of model 1901 howitzers were used by the Imperial Russian Army. The photos in the gallery below are of a model 1901 that was captured from the Russians during the Finnish Civil War and is displayed at the Hameenlina artillery museum.
- Romania – In 1902 two batteries of four guns were assigned to the 2nd artillery regiment in Bucharest. This was followed by three more batteries assigned to 1st, 2nd, and 3rd regiments.[1] In 1915 the Romanians added a gun shield to protect the gunners. In 1916 the Romanian Army had 31 of these howitzers when they entered the First World War.[4]
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enwiki/57799164
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enwiki
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120 mm howitzer Model 1901
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/120_mm_howitzer_Model_1901
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2022-08-03T00:58:45Z
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en
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Q28746027
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{{Infobox weapon
|name=120 mm howitzer Model 1901
|image=12 cm Mrs Hb 01 Hämeenlinna 2.JPG
|image_size=300
|caption=A Russian model 1901 captured during the [[Finnish Civil War]] at the [[The Artillery Museum of Finland|Hameenlinna artillery museum]].
|origin={{flag|German Empire}}
|type=[[Howitzer]]
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_ranged=yes
|is_bladed=
|is_explosive=yes
|is_artillery=yes
|is_vehicle=
|is_UK=
<!-- Service history -->
|service=1901-?
|used_by=See Users
|wars=* [[Second Boer War]]
* [[Russo-Japanese War]]
* [[Balkan wars]]
* [[World War I]]
* [[Finnish Civil War]]
* [[Hungarian–Romanian War]]
<!-- Production history -->
|designer=[[Krupp]]
|design_date=1901
|manufacturer=Krupp
|production_date=1901
|number=Russia: ?<br>Romania: 31
|variants=
<!-- General specifications -->
|weight=Travel: {{convert|1835|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<br>Combat: {{convert|1065|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|length=
|part_length={{convert|1.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}} L/11.6
|width=
|height=
|crew=
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
|cartridge=[[Shell (projectile)#Separate loading cased charge|Cased separate-loading]]
|cartridge_weight=HE: {{convert|15.6|kg|lboz|abbr=on}}<br>Shrapnel: {{convert|21|kg|lboz|abbr=on}}
|caliber={{convert|120|mm|in|abbr=on}}
|action=
|rate=
|velocity={{convert|300|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}
|range={{convert|6.5|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
|max_range=
|feed=
|sights=
<!-- Artillery specifications -->
|breech=[[Rifled breech loader#The sliding block|Horizontal sliding block]]
|recoil=Spring loaded [[Gun carriage#Modern gun carriages|recoil spade]]
|carriage=[[Gun carriage#Modern gun carriages|Box trail]]
|elevation=0° to +42°
|traverse=
<!-- Explosive specifications -->
|filling=
|filling_weight=
|detonation=
|yield=
}}
The '''120 mm howitzer''' '''Model 1901''' – was a German [[howitzer]] used by the [[Imperial Russian Army|Imperial Russian]] and [[Romanian Land Forces|Romanian Armies]] during the [[World War I|First World War]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Artileria Română în date şi imagini|last=Stroea|first=Adrian|date=2010|publisher=Editura Centrului Tehnic-Editorial al Armatei [CTEA]|others=Băjenaru, Gheorghe.|isbn=9786065240803|location=București|pages=44|oclc=895490826}}</ref>
==Design==
The model 1901 was a short ranged field howitzer capable of both [[Direct fire|direct]] and [[indirect fire]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bulgarianartillery.it/Bulgarian%20Artillery%201/Krupp%20120mm%201901_Hb_Romania.htm|title=Krupp 120mm 1901_Hb_Romania|website=www.bulgarianartillery.it|access-date=2018-07-01}}</ref> The model 1901 had a short steel barrel, a [[Gun carriage#Modern gun carriages|box trail]] carriage, two wooden spoked wheels with steel rims, a [[Rifled breech loader#The sliding block|horizontal sliding-block]] breech, it fired [[Shell (projectile)#Separate loading cased charge|cased separate-loading]] ammunition and had a spring-loaded [[Gun carriage#Modern gun carriages|recoil spade]]. For transport, the trail of the carriage could be connected to a [[Limbers and caissons|limber and caisson]] for towing by a six-horse team.<ref name=":1" />
==Users==
* {{flag|Orange Free State}} – The Boers used an unknown number of model 1901 howitzers during the Second Boer War.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol022dh.html|title=South African Military History Society – Journal- Guns in South Africa 1899–1902|website=samilitaryhistory.org|access-date=2018-07-01}}</ref>
* {{flag|Russian Empire}} – An unknown number of model 1901 howitzers were used by the Imperial Russian Army. The photos in the gallery below are of a model 1901 that was captured from the Russians during the [[Finnish Civil War]] and is displayed at the [[The Artillery Museum of Finland|Hameenlina artillery museum]].
* {{ROM}} – In 1902 two batteries of four guns were assigned to the 2nd artillery regiment in Bucharest. This was followed by three more batteries assigned to 1st, 2nd, and 3rd regiments.<ref name=":0" /> In 1915 the Romanians added a [[gun shield]] to protect the gunners. In 1916 the Romanian Army had 31 of these howitzers when they entered the First World War.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Romania in World War 1916–1919. Volume I. Documents-Annexes|publisher=Official Gazette and State Imprints, Bucharest, 1934–1940|pages=56}}</ref>
==Photo Gallery==
<gallery widths="200">
File:12 cm Mrs Hb 01 Hämeenlinna 1.JPG
File:12 cm Mrs Hb 01 Hämeenlinna 3.JPG
File:12 cm Mrs Hb 01 Hämeenlinna 4.JPG
</gallery>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:120 mm howitzer Model 1901}}
[[Category:120 mm artillery]]
[[Category:World War I howitzers]]
[[Category:Artillery of Romania]]
[[Category:Romania in World War I]]
[[Category:Russo-Japanese war weapons of Russia]]
[[Category:World War I artillery of Russia]]
[[Category:World War I artillery of Germany]]
| 1,102,025,185 |
[{"title": "120 mm howitzer Model 1901", "data": {"Type": "Howitzer", "Place of origin": "German Empire"}}, {"title": "Service history", "data": {"In service": "1901-?", "Used by": "See Users", "Wars": "- Second Boer War - Russo-Japanese War - Balkan wars - World War I - Finnish Civil War - Hungarian\u2013Romanian War"}}, {"title": "Production history", "data": {"Designer": "Krupp", "Designed": "1901", "Manufacturer": "Krupp", "Produced": "1901", "No. built": "Russia: ? \u00b7 Romania: 31"}}, {"title": "Specifications", "data": {"Mass": "Travel: 1,835 kg (4,045 lb) \u00b7 Combat: 1,065 kg (2,348 lb)", "Barrel length": "1.4 m (4 ft 7 in) L/11.6", "Shell": "Cased separate-loading", "Shell weight": "HE: 15.6 kg (34 lb 6 oz) \u00b7 Shrapnel: 21 kg (46 lb 5 oz)", "Caliber": "120 mm (4.7 in)", "Breech": "Horizontal sliding block", "Recoil": "Spring loaded recoil spade", "Carriage": "Box trail", "Elevation": "0\u00b0 to +42\u00b0", "Muzzle velocity": "300 m/s (980 ft/s)", "Effective firing range": "6.5 km (4 mi)"}}]
| false |
# 1904 Michigan Wolverines football team
| Minnesota + | 3 | – | 0 | – | 0 | | | 13 | – | 0 | – | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Michigan + | 2 | – | 0 | – | 0 | | | 10 | – | 0 | – | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Chicago | 5 | – | 1 | – | 1 | | | 10 | – | 1 | – | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Illinois | 3 | – | 1 | – | 1 | | | 9 | – | 2 | – | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Northwestern | 1 | – | 2 | – | 0 | | | 8 | – | 2 | – | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Purdue | 1 | – | 2 | – | 0 | | | 9 | – | 3 | – | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Iowa | 0 | – | 3 | – | 0 | | | 7 | – | 4 | – | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Wisconsin | 0 | – | 3 | – | 0 | | | 5 | – | 3 | – | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Indiana | 0 | – | 3 | – | 0 | | | 6 | – | 4 | – | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - + – Conference co-champions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The 1904 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1904 Western Conference football season. In the team's fourth season under head coach Fielding H. Yost, the Wolverines compiled a perfect 10–0 record and outscored opponents 567–22. The 1904 team was the fourth of Yost's legendary "Point-a-Minute" teams. Michigan's games were of varying length from 22½ minutes to 70 minutes. Over the course of ten games, Michigan played 476 minutes of football and averaged a point scored for every 50.3 seconds played. The team included future College Football Hall of Fame inductee Willie Heston, who scored 20 touchdowns for 100 points that season; touchdowns were worth five points under 1904 rules.
## Schedule
| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance |
| ------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ------- | ---------- |
| October 1 | Case* | Regents Field Ann Arbor, MI | W 33–0 | |
| October 5 | Ohio Northern* | Regents Field Ann Arbor, MI | W 48–0 | |
| October 8 | Kalamazoo* | Regents Field Ann Arbor, MI | W 95–0 | |
| October 12 | Physicians & Surgeons* | Regents Field Ann Arbor, MI | W 72–0 | 1,500 |
| October 15 | at Ohio State* | University Park Columbus, OH ( rivalry ) | W 31–6 | 8,000 |
| October 19 | American Medical* | Regents Field Ann Arbor, MI | W 72–0 | |
| October 22 | West Virginia* | Regents Field Ann Arbor, MI | W 130–0 | 4,000 |
| October 29 | at Wisconsin | Randall Field Madison, WI | W 28–0 | 11,000 |
| November 5 | Drake* | Regents Field Ann Arbor, MI | W 36–4 | |
| November 12 | Chicago | Regents Field Ann Arbor, MI ( rivalry ) | W 22–12 | 13,000 |
| *Non-conference game Homecoming | | | | |
## Game summaries
### Michigan 33, Case 0
Michigan opened the 1904 college football season on October 1 with a 33–0 win over Cleveland's Case School of Applied Science. The game was played in 20-minute halves, and the Wolverines scored 22 points in the first half. Numerous substitutions were made at half-time, and the backup players added 11 points in the second half. Fullback Frank Longman scored three touchdowns in the game, and Willie Heston, Walter Rheinschild, and Joe Curtis scored one touchdown each. Tom Hammond converted three extra point kicks. Heston's touchdown came on a 75-yard run. Case managed only one first down in the game.
The Michigan players appearing in the game were: John Garrels (left end), Joe Curtis (left tackle), Henry Schulte (left guard), Ted Hammond (starting center), Germany Schulz (right guard), Roy Beechler (starting right tackle and substitute at center), Smull (substitute at right tackle), Tom Hammond (starting right end), Harry Patrick (substitute at right end), Fred Norcross (starting quarterback and substitute at right halfback), Walter Becker (substitute at quarterback), Willie Heston (starting left halfback), William Dennison Clark (substitute at left halfback), Ted Stuart (starting right halfback), James DePree (substitute at right halfback), Frank Longman (starting fullback), and Walter Rheinschild (substitute at fullback).
| Player | Position | Starter | Touchdowns | Extra points | Field goals | Points |
| Longman | Fullback | Yes | 3 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Heston | Left halfback | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Curtis | Left tackle | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Rheinschild | Fullback | No | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Tom Hammond | Right end | No | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Total | -- | -- | 6 | 3 | 0 | 33 |
### Michigan 48, Ohio Northern 0
In the second game of the 1904 season, Michigan defeated Ohio Northern, 38–0, in a game consisting of halves of 20 and 15 minutes. Willie Heston scored three touchdowns and had runs of 45, 32, 35 and 30 yards.
| Player | Position | Starter | Touchdowns | Extra points | Field goals | Points |
| Heston | Left halfback | Yes | 3 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Tom Hammond | Right end | Yes | 0 | 5 | 2 | 13 |
| H. Hammond | Fullback | Yes | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Clark | Fullback | No | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Hal Weeks | Right halfback | No | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Total | -- | -- | 7 | 5 | 2 | 48 |
### Michigan 95, Kalamazoo 0
In the third game of the season, Michigan defeated Kalamazoo College, 95–0, in a game consisting of two 20-minute halves. Heston scored six touchdowns and had long touchdown runs of 65, 70, 85 and 65 yards.
| Player | Position | Starter | Touchdowns | Extra points | Field goals | Points |
| Heston | Left halfback | Yes | 6 | 0 | 0 | 30 |
| H. Hammond | Fullback | Yes | 5 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
| Tom Hammond | Right tackle | Yes | 0 | 15 | 0 | 15 |
| Patrick | Left tackle | No | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Hal Weeks | Right halfback | No | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Clark | Right end | No | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Schulte | Center | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Total | -- | -- | 16 | 15 | 0 | 95 |
### Michigan 72, Physicians & Surgeons 0
In the fourth game of the season, Michigan defeated the Physicians & Surgeons team 72–0 in a short mid-week game lasting only 22½ minutes, a 15-minute first half and a 7½ minute second half. Quarterback Fred Norcross scored four touchdowns, and Heston scored three. Norcross had touchdown runs of 67, 35 and 90 yards.
| Player | Position | Starter | Touchdowns | Extra points | Field goals | Points |
| Tom Hammond | Right tackle | Yes | 2 | 12 | 0 | 22 |
| Norcross | Quarterback | Yes | 4 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Heston | Left halfback | Yes | 3 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Curtis | Left tackle | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Clark | Right end | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| H. Hammond | Right halfback | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Total | -- | -- | 12 | 12 | 0 | 72 |
### Michigan 31, Ohio State 6
Michigan defeated Ohio State, 31–6, in a game consisting of 30-minute halves in Columbus, Ohio. Heston scored three touchdowns, bringing his season total to 16.
| Player | Position | Starter | Touchdowns | Extra points | Field goals | Points |
| Heston | Left halfback | Yes | 3 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Tom Hammond | Right tackle | Yes | 0 | 3 | 2 | 11 |
| H. Hammond | Right halfback | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Total | -- | -- | 4 | 3 | 2 | 31 |
### Michigan 72, American Medical 0
For its sixth game of the season, Michigan played a short mid-week game against the American Medical School. The game consisted of a 20-minute first half and a 3½ minute second half. Right halfback Clark led the scoring with four touchdowns. Weeks scored three touchdowns. Heston was limited to a single touchdown.
| Player | Position | Starter | Touchdowns | Extra points | Field goals | Points |
| Clark | Right halfback | Yes | 4 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Hal Weeks | Fullback | Yes | 3 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Curtis | Left tackle | Yes | 1 | 5 | 0 | 10 |
| Magoffin | Left halfback | No | 1 | 2 | 0 | 7 |
| Carter | Right guard | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Heston | Left halfback | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Rheinschild | Left end | No | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Patrick | Left tackle | No | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Total | -- | -- | 13 | 7 | 0 | 72 |
### Michigan 130, West Virginia 0
The most lopsided score in Michigan football history. In a game consisting of 25 and 20-minute halves, the Wolverines scored 22 touchdowns and 20 extra points (which would have resulted in a margin of 152-0 under modern scoring rules). Joe Curtis alone accounted for 49 points with six touchdowns and 19 extra points. The undefeated 1904 team won Michigan's fourth national championship and scored 567 points in 476 minutes of football, averaging a point every 50.3 seconds. For the first time in the 1904 season, Heston did not score.
| Player | Position | Starter | Touchdowns | Extra points | Field goals | Points |
| Curtis | Left tackle | Yes | 6 | 19 | 0 | 49 |
| Norcross | Quarterback | Yes | 5 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
| Clark | Fullback | Yes | 3 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Magoffin | Right halfback | Yes | 2 | 1 | 0 | 11 |
| Graham | Right tackle | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Patrick | Right tackle | No | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| H. Hammond | Right end | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Schulte | Left guard | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Carter | Right guard | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Becker | Quarterback | No | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Total | -- | -- | 22 | 20 | 0 | 130 |
### Michigan 28, Wisconsin 0
Michigan played its first full-length game (two 35-minute halves) of the season against Wisconsin. Michigan won the game, 28–0. Heston and Carter each scored two touchdowns, and Norcross added another.
| Player | Position | Starter | Touchdowns | Extra points | Field goals | Points |
| Heston | Left halfback | Yes | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Carter | Right guard | Yes | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Norcross | Quarterback | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Tom Hammond | Right halfback | Yes | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Curtis | Left tackle | Yes | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | -- | -- | 5 | 3 | 0 | 28 |
### Michigan 36, Drake 4
In its ninth game, Michigan defeated the team from Drake by a score of 36–4. The game was played in two 25-minute halves. Curtis led the scoring with 16 points on two touchdowns and six extra point kicks. Willie Heston did not play in the game.
| Player | Position | Starter | Touchdowns | Extra points | Field goals | Points |
| Curtis | Left tackle | Yes | 2 | 6 | 0 | 16 |
| Carter | Right guard | Yes | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Stuart | Right end | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Tom Hammond | Right halfback | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Total | -- | -- | 6 | 6 | 0 | 36 |
### Michigan 22, Chicago 12
Michigan concluded an undefeated season with a 22–12 win over the University of Chicago on November 12. The game, played in 35-minute halves, featured several College Football Hall of Fame inductees, including Walter Eckersall and Hugo Bezdek for Chicago and Willie Heston and Germany Schulz for Michigan. Heston, Eckersall and Bezdek each scored single touchdowns, but the lead scorer was Michigan's Tom Hammond with 17 points on three touchdowns and two extra points. Heston finished the season with 20 touchdowns for 100 points.
| Player | Position | Starter | Touchdowns | Extra points | Field goals | Points |
| Tom Hammond | Right halfback | Yes | 3 | 2 | 0 | 17 |
| Heston | Left halfback | Yes | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Total | -- | -- | 4 | 2 | 0 | 22 |
## Players
### Varsity letter winners
The following 13 players received varsity "M" letters for their participation on the 1904 football team:
| Player | Position | Games started | Hometown |
| Charles B. Carter | Right guard | 8 | Lewiston, Maine |
| William Dennison Clark | Left end Right end Fullback Right halfback | 2 1 | Detroit, Michigan |
| Joe Curtis | Left tackle | 10 | Brooklyn, New York |
| Walter D. Graham | Right tackle | 6 | Chicago, Illinois |
| Harry S. Hammond | Right end Fullback Right halfback | 4 2 | Chicago, Illinois |
| Tom Hammond | Right tackle Right end Right halfback | 3 | Chicago, Illinois |
| Willie Heston | Left halfback | 9 | Grants Pass, Oregon |
| Frank Longman | Fullback | 4 | Battle Creek, Michigan |
| Fred Norcross | Quarterback | 10 | Menominee, Michigan |
| Henry Schulte | Left guard Center | 7 3 | Jefferson Barracks, Missouri |
| Germany Schulz | Center Left guard Right guard | 5 3 2 | Fort Wayne, Indiana |
| Ted Stuart | Right end Right halfback | 1 | Chariton, Iowa |
| Harold Weeks | Fullback Left end | 3 2 | Allegan, Michigan |
### Scoring leaders
| Player | Touchdowns | Extra points | Field goals | Points |
| Willie Heston | 20 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Tom Hammond | 6 | 42 | 4 | 88 |
| Joe Curtis | 11 | 31 | 0 | 86 |
| Fred Norcross | 10 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
| Harry Hammond | 10 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
| Wm. Clark | 10 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
| Charles Carter | 6 | 0 | 0 | 30 |
| Harold Weeks | 5 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
| Harry Patrick | 4 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| Paul Magoffin | 3 | 3 | 0 | 18 |
| Frank Longman | 3 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Walter Rheinschild | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Henry Schulte | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Walter Graham | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Walter Becker | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Ted Stuart | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
### Reserves
- Charles W. Anderson, Albion, Michigan
- Harry S. Bartlett, Detroit, Michigan
- Walter Cooley Becker, Chicago, Illinois
- Roy Beechler, Ithaca, New York - started 1 game at right tackle
- James DePree, Holland, Michigan
- Robert M. Drysdale, Wooster, Ohio
- George Palmer Edmonds, Wayne, Michigan
- John Garrels, left end, Detroit, Michigan - started 6 games at left end
- Edward P. "Ted" Hammond, Detroit, Michigan - started 2 games at center
- John F. Lewis, Covington, Indiana
- Jay Mack Love, Arkansas City, Kansas
- Paul Magoffin, Washington, D.C. - started 3 games at right halfback
- William Joseph Miller, Escanaba, Michigan
- Harry E. Patrick, Detroit, Michigan - started 1 game at left halfback
- Duncan H. Pierce, Buffalo, New York
- Walter Rheinschild, Los Angeles, California
- Mason Rumney, Detroit, Michigan
- Reuben S. Schmidt, Los Angeles, California
- Charles Smoyer, Wadsworth, Ohio
- Edward G. Weeks, Allegan, Michigan
- Harry A. Workman, Chicago, Illinois
### Others
- Charles A. Briggs, Red Oak, Iowa
- William Cole, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Roswell Murray Wendell, Detroit, Michigan
## Awards and honors
- Captain: Willie Heston
- All-Americans: Willie Heston (as selected by Walter Camp, New York Evening Telegram, and Fred Lowenthal); Joe Curtis (as selected by Fred Lowenthal)[2][3][4]
- All-Western: Willie Heston (Chicago Record-Herald, Chicago Tribune, Detroit Free Press, Detroit Tribune), Tom Hammond (Chicago Record-Herald, Chicago Tribune, Detroit Free Press), Frank Longman (Chicago Record-Herald, Detroit Free Press, Detroit Tribune), Joe Curtis (Chicago Record-Herald, Chicago Tribune, Detroit Tribune), Carter (Detroit Tribune)
## Coaching staff
- Head coach: Fielding H. Yost
- Assistant coach: William C. "King" Cole
- Trainer: Keene Fitzpatrick
- Graduate director of athletics: Charles A. Baird
- Manager: A.H. Montgomery[5]
|
enwiki/14342592
|
enwiki
| 14,342,592 |
1904 Michigan Wolverines football team
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_Michigan_Wolverines_football_team
|
2025-03-17T02:56:16Z
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en
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Q4558231
| 194,567 |
{{short description|American college football season}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox college sports team season
| year = 1904
| team = Michigan Wolverines
| sport = football
| image = 1904 Michigan Wolverines football team.jpg
| image_size = 285
| conference = [[Big Ten Conference|Western Conference]]
| short_conf = Western
| record = 10–0
| conf_record = 2–0
| head_coach = [[Fielding H. Yost]]
| hc_year = 4th
| off_scheme =
| def_scheme =
| captain = [[Willie Heston]]
| stadium = [[Regents Field]]
| champion = Co-national champion ([[National Championship Foundation|NCF]])<br>Western Conference co-champion
}}
{{1904 Western Conference football standings}}
The '''1904 Michigan Wolverines football team''' represented the [[University of Michigan]] in the [[1904 Western Conference football season]]. In the team's fourth season under head coach [[Fielding H. Yost]], the Wolverines compiled a perfect 10–0 record and outscored opponents 567–22. The 1904 team was the fourth of Yost's legendary "Point-a-Minute" teams. Michigan's games were of varying length from 22½ minutes to 70 minutes. Over the course of ten games, Michigan played 476 minutes of football and averaged a point scored for every 50.3 seconds played. The team included future [[College Football Hall of Fame]] inductee [[Willie Heston]], who scored 20 touchdowns for 100 points that season; touchdowns were worth five points under 1904 rules.
==Schedule==
{{CFB schedule
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 1
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = [[1904 Case football team|Case]]
| site_stadium = [[Regents Field]]
| site_cityst = [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor, MI]]
| score = 33–0
| attend =
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 5
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = [[1904 Ohio Northern football team|Ohio Northern]]
| site_stadium = Regents Field
| site_cityst = Ann Arbor, MI
| score = 48–0
| attend =
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 8
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1904|team=Kalamazoo|title=Kalamazoo}}
| site_stadium = Regents Field
| site_cityst = Ann Arbor, MI
| score = 95–0
| attend =
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 12
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = [[University of Illinois College of Medicine|Physicians & Surgeons]]
| site_stadium = Regents Field
| site_cityst = Ann Arbor, MI
| score = 72–0
| attend = 1,500
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 15
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| away = y
| opponent = [[1904 Ohio State Buckeyes football team|Ohio State]]
| site_stadium = [[Ohio Field|University Park]]
| site_cityst = [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus, OH]]
| gamename = [[Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry|rivalry]]
| score = 31–6
| attend = 8,000
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 19
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = [[1904 American Medical football team|American Medical]]
| site_stadium = Regents Field
| site_cityst = Ann Arbor, MI
| score = 72–0
| attend =
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 22
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = [[1904 West Virginia Mountaineers football team|West Virginia]]
| site_stadium = Regents Field
| site_cityst = Ann Arbor, MI
| score = 130–0
| attend = 4,000
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 29
| w/l = w
| away = y
| opponent = [[1904 Wisconsin Badgers football team|Wisconsin]]
| site_stadium = [[Camp Randall Stadium|Randall Field]]
| site_cityst = [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison, WI]]
| score = 28–0
| attend = 11,000
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 5
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = [[1904 Drake Bulldogs football team|Drake]]
| site_stadium = Regents Field
| site_cityst = Ann Arbor, MI
| score = 36–4
| attend =
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 12
| w/l = w
| homecoming = y
| opponent = [[1904 Chicago Maroons football team|Chicago]]
| site_stadium = Regents Field
| site_cityst = Ann Arbor, MI
| gamename = [[Chicago–Michigan football rivalry|rivalry]]
| score = 22–12
| attend = 13,000
}}
}}
==Game summaries==
===Michigan 33, Case 0===
[[File:1904 Michigan football team.png|thumb|right|250px|1904 Michigan football team]]
Michigan opened the [[1904 college football season]] on October 1 with a 33–0 win over [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]]'s [[Case Western Reserve University|Case School of Applied Science]]. The game was played in 20-minute halves, and the Wolverines scored 22 points in the first half. Numerous substitutions were made at half-time, and the backup players added 11 points in the second half. [[Fullback (American football)|Fullback]] [[Frank Longman]] scored three touchdowns in the game, and [[Willie Heston]], [[Walter Rheinschild]], and [[Joe Curtis]] scored one touchdown each. [[Thomas S. Hammond|Tom Hammond]] converted three extra point kicks. Heston's touchdown came on a 75-yard run. Case managed only one first down in the game.
The Michigan players appearing in the game were: [[John Garrels]] (left end), Joe Curtis (left tackle), [[Henry Schulte]] (left guard), Ted Hammond (starting center), [[Germany Schulz]] (right guard), Roy Beechler (starting right tackle and substitute at center), [[Thomas J. Smull|Smull]] (substitute at right tackle), Tom Hammond (starting right end), Harry Patrick (substitute at right end), [[Fred Norcross]] (starting quarterback and substitute at right halfback), Walter Becker (substitute at quarterback), Willie Heston (starting left halfback), William Dennison Clark (substitute at left halfback), Ted Stuart (starting right halfback), [[James DePree]] (substitute at right halfback), Frank Longman (starting fullback), and Walter Rheinschild (substitute at fullback).
{|class="wikitable" width="70%"
|- align="center" style="background:yellow;color:blue;"
| Player || Position || Starter ||Touchdowns ||Extra points ||Field goals||Points
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Longman||Fullback||Yes||3||0||0||15
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Heston|| Left halfback||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Curtis|| Left tackle||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Rheinschild||Fullback||No||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Tom Hammond||Right end||No||0||3||0||3
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Total|| -- ||--||6||3||0||33
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|}
===Michigan 48, Ohio Northern 0===
In the second game of the 1904 season, Michigan defeated [[Ohio Northern University|Ohio Northern]], 38–0, in a game consisting of halves of 20 and 15 minutes. Willie Heston scored three touchdowns and had runs of 45, 32, 35 and 30 yards.
{|class="wikitable" width="70%"
|- align="center" style="background:yellow;color:blue;"
| Player || Position || Starter ||Touchdowns ||Extra points ||Field goals||Points
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Heston||Left halfback||Yes||3||0||0||15
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Tom Hammond||Right end||Yes||0||5||2||13
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| H. Hammond|| Fullback||Yes||2||0||0||10
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Clark|| Fullback||No||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Hal Weeks||Right halfback||No||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Total|| -- ||--||7||5||2||48
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|}
===Michigan 95, Kalamazoo 0===
In the third game of the season, Michigan defeated [[Kalamazoo College]], 95–0, in a game consisting of two 20-minute halves. Heston scored six touchdowns and had long touchdown runs of 65, 70, 85 and 65 yards.
{|class="wikitable" width="70%"
|- align="center" style="background:yellow;color:blue;"
| Player || Position || Starter ||Touchdowns ||Extra points ||Field goals||Points
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Heston||Left halfback||Yes||6||0||0||30
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| H. Hammond|| Fullback||Yes||5||0||0||25
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Tom Hammond||Right tackle||Yes||0||15||0||15
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Patrick|| Left tackle||No||2||0||0||10
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Hal Weeks||Right halfback||No||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Clark||Right end||No||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Schulte||Center||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Total|| -- ||--||16||15||0||95
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|}
===Michigan 72, Physicians & Surgeons 0===
In the fourth game of the season, Michigan defeated the Physicians & Surgeons team 72–0 in a short mid-week game lasting only 22½ minutes, a 15-minute first half and a 7½ minute second half. Quarterback Fred Norcross scored four touchdowns, and Heston scored three. Norcross had touchdown runs of 67, 35 and 90 yards.
{|class="wikitable" width="70%"
|- align="center" style="background:yellow;color:blue;"
| Player || Position || Starter ||Touchdowns ||Extra points ||Field goals||Points
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Tom Hammond||Right tackle||Yes||2||12||0||22
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Norcross||Quarterback||Yes||4||0||0||20
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Heston||Left halfback||Yes||3||0||0||15
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Curtis|| Left tackle||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Clark||Right end||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| H. Hammond|| Right halfback||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Total|| -- ||--||12||12||0||72
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|}
===Michigan 31, Ohio State 6===
Michigan defeated [[1904 Ohio State Buckeyes football team|Ohio State]], 31–6, in a game consisting of 30-minute halves in [[Columbus, Ohio]]. Heston scored three touchdowns, bringing his season total to 16.
{|class="wikitable" width="70%"
|- align="center" style="background:yellow;color:blue;"
| Player || Position || Starter ||Touchdowns ||Extra points ||Field goals||Points
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Heston||Left halfback||Yes||3||0||0||15
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Tom Hammond||Right tackle||Yes||0||3||2||11
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| H. Hammond|| Right halfback||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Total|| -- ||--||4||3||2||31
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|}
===Michigan 72, American Medical 0===
For its sixth game of the season, Michigan played a short mid-week game against the American Medical School. The game consisted of a 20-minute first half and a 3½ minute second half. Right halfback Clark led the scoring with four touchdowns. Weeks scored three touchdowns. Heston was limited to a single touchdown.
{|class="wikitable" width="70%"
|- align="center" style="background:yellow;color:blue;"
| Player || Position || Starter ||Touchdowns ||Extra points ||Field goals||Points
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Clark||Right halfback||Yes||4||0||0||20
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Hal Weeks||Fullback||Yes||3||0||0||15
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Curtis|| Left tackle||Yes||1||5||0||10
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Magoffin|| Left halfback||No||1||2||0||7
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Carter|| Right guard||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Heston|| Left halfback||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Rheinschild|| Left end||No||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Patrick|| Left tackle||No||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Total|| -- ||--||13||7||0||72
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|}
===Michigan 130, West Virginia 0===
The most lopsided score in Michigan football history. In a game consisting of 25 and 20-minute halves, the Wolverines scored 22 touchdowns and 20 extra points (which would have resulted in a margin of 152-0 under modern scoring rules). [[Joe Curtis]] alone accounted for 49 points with six touchdowns and 19 extra points. The undefeated 1904 team won Michigan's fourth national championship and scored 567 points in 476 minutes of football, averaging a point every 50.3 seconds. For the first time in the 1904 season, Heston did not score.
{|class="wikitable" width="70%"
|- align="center" style="background:yellow;color:blue;"
| Player || Position || Starter ||Touchdowns ||Extra points ||Field goals||Points
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Curtis|| Left tackle||Yes||6||19||0||49
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Norcross||Quarterback||Yes||5||0||0||25
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Clark||Fullback||Yes||3||0||0||15
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Magoffin|| Right halfback||Yes||2||1||0||11
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Graham|| Right tackle||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Patrick|| Right tackle||No||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| H. Hammond|| Right end||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Schulte|| Left guard||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Carter|| Right guard||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Becker|| Quarterback||No||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Total|| -- ||--||22||20||0||130
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|}
===Michigan 28, Wisconsin 0===
Michigan played its first full-length game (two 35-minute halves) of the season against [[Wisconsin Badgers football|Wisconsin]]. Michigan won the game, 28–0. Heston and Carter each scored two touchdowns, and Norcross added another.
{|class="wikitable" width="70%"
|- align="center" style="background:yellow;color:blue;"
| Player || Position || Starter ||Touchdowns ||Extra points ||Field goals||Points
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Heston|| Left halfback||Yes||2||0||0||10
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Carter|| Right guard||Yes||2||0||0||10
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Norcross|| Quarterback||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Tom Hammond||Right halfback||Yes||0||2||0||2
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Curtis||Left tackle||Yes||0||1||0||1
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Total|| -- ||--||5||3||0||28
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|}
===Michigan 36, Drake 4===
In its ninth game, Michigan defeated the team from [[Drake Bulldogs football|Drake]] by a score of 36–4. The game was played in two 25-minute halves. Curtis led the scoring with 16 points on two touchdowns and six extra point kicks. Willie Heston did not play in the game.
{|class="wikitable" width="70%"
|- align="center" style="background:yellow;color:blue;"
| Player || Position || Starter ||Touchdowns ||Extra points ||Field goals||Points
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Curtis|| Left tackle||Yes||2||6||0||16
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Carter|| Right guard||Yes||2||0||0||10
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Stuart|| Right end||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Tom Hammond||Right halfback||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Total|| -- ||--||6||6||0||36
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|}
===Michigan 22, Chicago 12===
Michigan concluded an undefeated season with a 22–12 win over the [[Chicago Maroons football|University of Chicago]] on November 12. The game, played in 35-minute halves, featured several [[College Football Hall of Fame]] inductees, including [[Walter Eckersall]] and [[Hugo Bezdek]] for Chicago and Willie Heston and Germany Schulz for Michigan. Heston, Eckersall and Bezdek each scored single touchdowns, but the lead scorer was Michigan's Tom Hammond with 17 points on three touchdowns and two extra points. Heston finished the season with 20 touchdowns for 100 points.
{|class="wikitable" width="70%"
|- align="center" style="background:yellow;color:blue;"
| Player || Position || Starter ||Touchdowns ||Extra points ||Field goals||Points
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Tom Hammond||Right halfback||Yes||3||2||0||17
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Heston|| Left halfback||Yes||1||0||0||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Total|| -- ||--||4||2||0||22
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|}
==Players==
===Varsity letter winners===
The following 13 players received varsity "M" letters for their participation on the 1904 football team:<ref name="roster">{{Cite news |date=January 1905 |title=Summary of Football, 1904 |page=134 |publisher=The Michigan Alumnus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hIQqAAAAYAAJ&q=%22m%27s%22}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable" width="90%"
|- align="center" style="background:yellow;color:blue;"
| Player || Position ||Games<br>started||Hometown
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| [[Charles B. Carter]] || Right guard ||8||[[Lewiston, Maine]]
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| [[William Dennison Clark]] || Left end<br>Right end<br>Fullback<br>Right halfback ||2<br>2<br>1<br>1|| [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| [[Joe Curtis]] || Left tackle ||10||[[Brooklyn, New York]]
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| [[Walter D. Graham]] || Right tackle ||6||[[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| [[Harry S. Hammond]] || Right end<br>Fullback<br>Right halfback||4<br>2<br>2||Chicago, Illinois
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| [[Thomas S. Hammond|Tom Hammond]] || Right tackle<br>Right end<br>Right halfback ||3<br>3<br>3||Chicago, Illinois
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| [[Willie Heston]] || Left halfback ||9||[[Grants Pass, Oregon]]
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| [[Frank Longman]] || Fullback ||4||[[Battle Creek, Michigan]]
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| [[Fred Norcross]] || Quarterback ||10||[[Menominee, Michigan]]
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| [[Henry Schulte]] || Left guard<br>Center ||7<br>3||[[Jefferson Barracks, Missouri]]
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| [[Germany Schulz]] || Center<br>Left guard<br>Right guard||5<br>3<br>2||[[Fort Wayne, Indiana]]
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| [[Theodore M. Stuart|Ted Stuart]] || Right end<br>Right halfback||1<br>1||[[Chariton, Iowa]]
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Harold Weeks || Fullback<br>Left end||3<br>2||[[Allegan, Michigan]]
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|}
===Scoring leaders===
{|class="wikitable" width="70%"
|- align="center" style="background:yellow;color:blue;"
| Player || Touchdowns ||Extra points ||Field goals||Points
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Willie Heston|| 20||0||0||100
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Tom Hammond||6||42||4|||88
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Joe Curtis||11||31||0|||86
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Fred Norcross||10||0||0|||50
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Harry Hammond||10||0||0|||50
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Wm. Clark||10||0||0|||50
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Charles Carter||6||0||0|||30
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Harold Weeks||5||0||0|||25
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Harry Patrick||4||0||0|||20
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Paul Magoffin||3||3||0|||18
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Frank Longman||3||0||0|||15
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Walter Rheinschild||2||0||0|||10
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Henry Schulte||2||0||0|||10
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Walter Graham||1||0||0|||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Walter Becker||1||0||0|||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
| Ted Stuart||1||0||0|||5
|- align="center" bgcolor=""
|}
===Reserves===
*Charles W. Anderson, [[Albion, Michigan]]
*Harry S. Bartlett, Detroit, Michigan
*Walter Cooley Becker, Chicago, Illinois
*Roy Beechler, [[Ithaca, New York]] - started 1 game at right tackle
*[[James DePree]], [[Holland, Michigan]]
*Robert M. Drysdale, [[Wooster, Ohio]]
*George Palmer Edmonds, [[Wayne, Michigan]]
*[[John Garrels]], left end, Detroit, Michigan - started 6 games at left end
*Edward P. "Ted" Hammond, Detroit, Michigan - started 2 games at center
*John F. Lewis, [[Covington, Indiana]]
*[[Jay Mack Love]], [[Arkansas City, Kansas]]
*[[Paul Magoffin]], [[Washington, D.C.]] - started 3 games at right halfback
*William Joseph Miller, [[Escanaba, Michigan]]
*Harry E. Patrick, Detroit, Michigan - started 1 game at left halfback
*Duncan H. Pierce, [[Buffalo, New York]]
*[[Walter Rheinschild]], [[Los Angeles, California]]
*Mason Rumney, Detroit, Michigan
*Reuben S. Schmidt, Los Angeles, California
*Charles Smoyer, [[Wadsworth, Ohio]]
*Edward G. Weeks, [[Allegan, Michigan]]
*Harry A. Workman, Chicago, Illinois
===Others===
*Charles A. Briggs, [[Red Oak, Iowa]]
*William Cole, [[Charlottesville, Virginia]]
*Roswell Murray Wendell, Detroit, Michigan
==Awards and honors==
* Captain: [[Willie Heston]]
* [[1904 College Football All-America Team|All-American]]s: [[Willie Heston]] (as selected by [[Walter Camp]], ''New York Evening Telegram'', and [[Fred Lowenthal]]); [[Joe Curtis]] (as selected by Fred Lowenthal)<ref>{{Cite news |date=1904-12-28 |title=Camp's Idea Of Football Stars: Yale Coach Puts Two Western Men in His Selection |publisher=The Daily Review (Decatur, IL)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1904-12-03 |title=In the Sporting World |publisher=Oshkosh Daily Northwestern}}</ref><ref name="AA2">{{Cite news |date=1904-11-29 |title=Some All-American Football Elevens |work=The [[Pittsburgh Press]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YRIbAAAAIBAJ&pg=3668,3993908&dq=shevlin+piekarski&hl=en}}</ref>
* All-Western: [[Willie Heston]] (''[[Chicago Record Herald|Chicago Record-Herald]]'', ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', ''[[Detroit Free Press]]'', ''[[Detroit Tribune]]''), [[Thomas S. Hammond|Tom Hammond]] (''Chicago Record-Herald'', ''Chicago Tribune'', ''Detroit Free Press''), [[Frank Longman]] (''Chicago Record-Herald'', ''Detroit Free Press'', ''Detroit Tribune''), Joe Curtis (''Chicago Record-Herald'', ''Chicago Tribune'', ''Detroit Tribune''), Carter (''Detroit Tribune'')
==Coaching staff==
* Head coach: [[Fielding H. Yost]]
* Assistant coach: [[William C. "King" Cole]]
* Trainer: [[Keene Fitzpatrick]]
* Graduate director of athletics: [[Charles A. Baird]]
* Manager: A.H. Montgomery<ref>Albert Horr Montgomery, born September 8, 1882, in Chicago. Graduate of University of Michigan, 1905, AB. Rush Medical College, Chicago, 1907. Professor of surgery at the University of Illinois College of Medicine. Clinical Professor of Surgery at Rushc Medical College. Co-founder of the American Board of Surgery. Retired in 1946 as Chief of Surgical Department at Children's Memorial Hospital. Died January 31, 1948. See [http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/136/15/996.full.pdf obituary].</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://bentley.umich.edu/athdept/football/fbteam/1904fbt.htm 1904 Football Team -- Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan Athletics History]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=hIQqAAAAYAAJ Michigan Alumnus, 1904–1905] - includes accounts of each game
* [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;q1=michiganensian;rgn=full%20text;view=toc;idno=AAG4364.1905.001 1905 Michiganensian] - University of Michigan yearbook for the 1904–1905 academic year
{{1904 Michigan Wolverines football navbox}}
{{Michigan Wolverines football navbox}}
{{College Football National Champion pre-AP Poll navbox}}
{{Big Ten Conference football champions}}
[[Category:1904 Western Conference football season|Michigan]]
[[Category:Michigan Wolverines football seasons]]
[[Category:College football national champions]]
[[Category:Big Ten Conference football champion seasons]]
[[Category:College football undefeated seasons]]
[[Category:1904 in sports in Michigan|Michigan Wolverines football]]
| 1,280,905,489 |
[{"title": "Co-national champion (NCF) \u00b7 Western Conference co-champion", "data": {"Conference": "Western Conference", "Record": "10\u20130 (2\u20130 Western)", "Head coach": "- Fielding H. Yost (4th season)", "Captain": "Willie Heston", "Home stadium": "Regents Field"}}]
| false |
# 16 Comae Berenices
16 Comae Berenices is a single star in the northern constellation of Coma Berenices. 16 Comae Berenices is the Flamsteed designation. It is a member of the Coma Star Cluster and is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.96. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 11.7 mas, it is located about 279 light years away.
This is a chemically-peculiar A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of A4 V. It displays an infrared excess, suggesting the presence of an orbiting debris disk at a mean distance of 18.2 AU with a temperature of 180 K. 16 Com has 2.54 times the mass of the Sun and 3.71 times the Sun's radius. The star is 310 million years old with a projected rotational velocity of 80 km/s. It is radiating 67 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,299 K.
|
enwiki/36958786
|
enwiki
| 36,958,786 |
16 Comae Berenices
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_Comae_Berenices
|
2024-09-05T12:53:19Z
|
en
|
Q4552046
| 98,829 |
{{Short description|Star in the constellation Coma Berenices}}
{{Starbox begin
| name = 16 Comae Berenices
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = J2000
| ra = {{RA|12|26|59.29615}}<ref name=GaiaDR2/>
| dec = {{DEC|+26|49|32.5273}}<ref name=GaiaDR2/>
| appmag_v = 4.96<ref name=Gebran2008/>
| constell = [[Coma Berenices]]
}}
{{Starbox character
| type = main sequence<ref name=zorec2012/>
| class = A4 V<ref name=zorec2012/>
| b-v =
| u-b =
| variable =
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = {{Val|+0.40|0.70}}<ref name=deBruijne2012/>
| prop_mo_ra = −11.456<ref name=GaiaDR2/>
| prop_mo_dec = −9.220<ref name=GaiaDR2/>
| parallax = 11.6745
| p_error = 0.2116
| parallax_footnote = <ref name=GaiaDR2/>
| absmag_v =
}}
{{Starbox detail
| source = <ref name=zorec2012/>
| mass = {{Val|2.54|0.03}}
| radius = 3.71<ref name=Cotten2016/>
| luminosity = {{Val|68.6|3.5|3.3}}
| temperature = {{Val|8299|57|58|fmt=commas}}
| gravity = 3.67<ref name=David2015/>
| metal_fe = −0.3<ref name=gebran2016/>
| rotational_velocity = 80
| age_myr = 310<ref name=David2015/>
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names = {{odlist | F=16 Com | BD=+27°2134 | FK5=2997 | HD=108382 | HIP=60746 | HR=4738 | SAO=82314 }}<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad=16+Com
}}
{{Starbox end}}
'''16 Comae Berenices''' is a single<ref name=Eggleton2008/> [[star]] in the northern [[constellation]] of [[Coma Berenices]]. ''16 Comae Berenices'' is the [[Flamsteed designation]]. It is a member of the [[Coma Star Cluster]] and is visible to the naked eye with an [[apparent visual magnitude]] of 4.96.<ref name=Gebran2008/> Based upon an annual [[stellar parallax|parallax shift]] of {{Val|11.7|ul=mas}},<ref name=GaiaDR2/> it is located about 279 [[light year]]s away.
This is a [[chemically-peculiar star|chemically-peculiar]] [[A-type main-sequence star]] with a [[stellar classification]] of A4 V.<ref name=zorec2012/> It displays an [[infrared excess]], suggesting the presence of an orbiting [[debris disk]] at a mean distance of {{Val|18.2|ul=AU}} with a temperature of {{Val|180|u=K}}.<ref name=Cotten2016/> 16 Com has 2.54<ref name=zorec2012/> times the [[mass of the Sun]] and 3.71<ref name=Cotten2016/> times the [[Sun's radius]]. The star is 310<ref name=David2015/> million years old with a [[projected rotational velocity]] of 80 km/s.<ref name=zorec2012/> It is radiating 67 times the [[Sun's luminosity]] from its [[photosphere]] at an [[effective temperature]] of 8,299 K.<ref name=zorec2012/>
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=SIMBAD>{{cite simbad | title=16 Com | access-date=2019-01-05 }}</ref>
<ref name=GaiaDR2>{{Cite Gaia DR2|4008867605880031872}}</ref>
<ref name=Eggleton2008>{{citation
| last1=Eggleton | first1=P. P. | last2=Tokovinin | first2=A. A.
| title=A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems
| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
| volume=389 | issue=2 | pages=869–879 | date=September 2008
| doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x | doi-access=free | bibcode=2008MNRAS.389..869E
| arxiv=0806.2878 | s2cid=14878976 | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=Gebran2008>{{citation
| last1=Gebran | first1=M. | last2=Monier | first2=R.
| last3=Richard | first3=O. | display-authors=1
| title=Chemical composition of A and F dwarf members of the Coma Berenices open cluster
| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
| volume=479 | issue=1 | date=February 2008 | pages=189–206
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078807 | postscript=.
| bibcode=2008A&A...479..189G | arxiv=0712.0244 | s2cid=118369727 }}</ref>
<ref name=gebran2016>{{citation
| last1=Gebran | first1=M. | last2=Farah | first2=W.
| last3=Paletou | first3=F. | last4=Monier | first4=R.
| last5=Watson | first5=V. | display-authors=1
| title=A new method for the inversion of atmospheric parameters of A/Am stars
| journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics
| volume=589 | pages=A83 | year=2016
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201528052 | postscript=.
| bibcode=2016A&A...589A..83G | arxiv=1603.01146 | s2cid=118549566 }}</ref>
<ref name=zorec2012>{{citation
| last1=Zorec | first1=J. | last2=Royer | first2=F.
| last3=Asplund | first3=Martin | last4=Cassisi | first4=Santi
| last5=Ramirez | first5=Ivan | last6=Melendez | first6=Jorge
| last7=Bensby | first7=Thomas | last8=Feltzing | first8=Sofia
| title=Rotational velocities of A-type stars. IV. Evolution of rotational velocities
| display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
| volume=537 | pages=A120 | year=2012 | postscript=.
| arxiv=1201.2052 | bibcode=2012A&A...537A.120Z
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201117691 | s2cid=55586789 }}</ref>
<ref name=Cotten2016>{{citation
| title=A Comprehensive Census of Nearby Infrared Excess Stars
| last1=Cotten | first1=Tara H. | last2=Song | first2=Inseok
| journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
| volume=225 | issue=1 | id=15 | pages=24 | date=July 2016
| doi=10.3847/0067-0049/225/1/15 | bibcode=2016ApJS..225...15C
| arxiv=1606.01134 | s2cid=118438871 | postscript=. | doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name=David2015>{{citation
| last1=David | first1=Trevor J. | last2=Hillenbrand | first2=Lynne A.
| title=The Ages of Early-Type Stars: Strömgren Photometric Methods Calibrated, Validated, Tested, and Applied to Hosts and Prospective Hosts of Directly Imaged Exoplanets
| journal=The Astrophysical Journal
| volume=804 | issue=2 | pages=146 | year=2015
| bibcode=2015ApJ...804..146D | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/146
| arxiv=1501.03154 | s2cid=33401607 | postscript=. }}</ref>
<ref name=deBruijne2012>{{citation
| last1=de Bruijne | first1=J. H. J. | last2=Eilers | first2=A.-C.
| title=Radial velocities for the HIPPARCOS-Gaia Hundred-Thousand-Proper-Motion project
| journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics
| volume=546 | id=A61 | pages=14 | date=October 2012
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201219219 | bibcode=2012A&A...546A..61D
| arxiv=1208.3048 | s2cid=59451347 | postscript=. }}</ref>
}}
{{Stars of Coma Berenices}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:16 Comae Berenices}}
[[Category:A-type main-sequence stars]]
[[Category:Circumstellar disks]]
[[Category:Coma Berenices]]
[[Category:Flamsteed objects|Comae Berenices, 16]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects]]
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|108382]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|060746]]
[[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|4738]]
| 1,244,166,800 |
[{"title": "16 Comae Berenices", "data": {"Constellation": "Coma Berenices", "Right ascension": "12h 26m 59.29615s", "Declination": "+26\u00b0 49\u2032 32.5273\u2033", "Apparent magnitude (V)": "4.96"}}, {"title": "Characteristics", "data": {"Evolutionary stage": "main sequence", "Spectral type": "A4 V"}}, {"title": "16 Comae Berenices", "data": {"Radial velocity (Rv)": "+0.40\u00b10.70 km/s", "Proper motion (\u03bc)": "RA: \u221211.456 mas/yr \u00b7 Dec.: \u22129.220 mas/yr", "Parallax (\u03c0)": "11.6745\u00b10.2116 mas", "Distance": "279 \u00b1 5 ly \u00b7 (86 \u00b1 2 pc)"}}, {"title": "16 Comae Berenices", "data": {"Mass": "2.54\u00b10.03 M\u2609", "Radius": "3.71 R\u2609", "Luminosity": "68.6+3.5 \u00b7 \u22123.3 L\u2609", "Surface gravity (log g)": "3.67 cgs", "Temperature": "8,299+57 \u00b7 \u221258 K", "Metallicity [Fe/H]": "\u22120.3 dex", "Rotational velocity (v sin i)": "80 km/s", "Age": "310 Myr"}}, {"title": "Other designations", "data": {"Other designations": "16 Com, BD+27\u00b02134, FK5 2997, HD 108382, HIP 60746, HR 4738, SAO 82314"}}, {"title": "Database references", "data": {"SIMBAD": "data"}}]
| false |
# 1919–20 Aston Villa F.C. season
The 1919–20 English football season was the 28th season in the Football League for Aston Villa, and the first following the end of World War I. Villa won their sixth FA Cup at the end of season, beating Huddersfield Town 1–0 at Stamford Bridge.
## Debuts
Billy Walker (478) made his senior debut in January 1920 in the FA Cup, scoring twice as Villa won 2-1 in the first round against non-league side Queens Park Rangers. He played in five more FA Cup games, scoring another three, helping Aston Villa reach the FA Cup Final. An extra time winner at Stamford Bridge by Billy Kirton saw Walker become an FA Cup winner in his debut season. Walker also scored 8 league goals in 15 matches at the back end of the 1919-20 season, including a hat-trick against Newcastle United, as Villa ended the first season after the first world war in ninth place.
Tommy Smart (405) played for Halesowen Town before signing for Aston Villa in January 1920 for a £300.00 fee. Richard York (356) scored one goal in 17 games in 1919–20, but did not feature in the 1920 FA Cup Final, which ended in a 1–0 victory over Huddersfield Town at Stamford Bridge. Arthur Dorrell (355) played for Carey Hall and R.A.S.C., before joining Aston Villa in May 1919. Billy Kirton (261) was born in Newcastle upon Tyne. Kirton was a member of the Temperance Society and played for Pandon Temperance before joining Leeds City in May 1919. After Kirton had played only one game for the club, City went out of business and he was transferred to Aston Villa for £500 in October 1919. He played 261 matches for Aston Villa.
After a very public fall out with the Barnsley directors over travelling expenses, Frank Barson (92) joined Aston Villa in October 1919. Barson joined Villa for a fee of £2,850 – "more than the average Sheffield worker earned in a year", according to a Sheffield newspaper – after persuasion from George Ramsay, who was rebuilding Villa after the First World War. In October 1919, he made his debut in a 4–1 win at Middlesbrough. Barson played a large part in the Villa team during his three seasons at the club, but it is his run-ins with authority for which he is best known.
Tommy Ball (74) (shot dead on 11 November 1923) joined from Newcastle in January 1920. Ball was seen as cover for Frank Barson. and first-team appearances were limited until Barson left in August 1922. Ball then became the first-choice centre-half, making 36 appearances in the 1922–23 season. In the following season, he continued to perform well at the heart of Villa's defence and he was forecast to be called up to play for England.
Other debuts included:
- Ernie Blackburn (32)
- Jack Thompson (26)
- Andy Young (26)
- Walter Boyman (24)
- Jim Lee (18)
- Jack Hampson (14)
- Jimmy Lawrence (13)
- Hubert Bourne (7)
- Jack Pendleton (6)
- Arthur Davis (5)
- Joe Worrell (4)
- George Hadley (4)
- Dick Sloley (2)
- Walter Maiden (1) [12]
## Table
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts |
| --- | -------------------- | --- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ----- | --- |
| 7 | Manchester City | 42 | 18 | 9 | 15 | 71 | 62 | 1.145 | 45 |
| 8 | Newcastle United | 42 | 17 | 9 | 16 | 44 | 39 | 1.128 | 43 |
| 9 | Aston Villa | 42 | 18 | 6 | 18 | 75 | 73 | 1.027 | 42 |
| 10 | Arsenal | 42 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 56 | 58 | 0.966 | 42 |
| 11 | Bradford Park Avenue | 42 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 60 | 63 | 0.952 | 42 |
## FA Cup
The 1920 FA Cup final, the first since the end of the First World War, was contested by Aston Villa and Huddersfield at Stamford Bridge. Aston Villa won 1–0, with the goal coming in extra time from Billy Kirton, to clinch the trophy for a record sixth time. This was the first ever FA Cup Final to require extra time to be played. Huddersfield had secured promotion from the Second Division this season and were appearing in their first final.
Aston Villa captain, Andy Ducat, had represented England at both football and cricket. The Villa team had four surviving members of the club's last victory in the 1913 F.A. Cup final; Tommy Weston, Sam Hardy, Clem Stephenson and Charlie Wallace. Those four Villa players and Frank Moss had all served in the Armed Forces during World War I. Frank Barson, known for his tough style of play, was warned before the kick-off by the referee against using his normal tactics.
The trophy was presented by Prince Henry, the fourth son of King George V. This was Villa manager George Ramsay's sixth FA Cup Final win, a record for a manager, and one that was only equalled in 2015 by Arsène Wenger – against Aston Villa.
## Road to the Final
| Round 1 | Aston Villa | 2–1 | Queens Park Rangers | QPR were a non-league club at this time. |
| Round 2 | Manchester United | 1–2 | Aston Villa | |
| Round 3 | Aston Villa | 1–0 | Sunderland | |
| Quarter-final | Tottenham Hotspur | 0–1 | Aston Villa | Tottenham Hotspur were in the Second Division at this time. |
| Semi-final | Aston Villa | 3–1 | Chelsea | played at Bramall Lane, Sheffield |
### Match details
| Aston Villa | 1–0 (a.e.t.) | Huddersfield Town |
| ----------- | ------------ | ----------------- |
| Kirton 100' | Report | |
| Aston Villa | Huddersfield Town |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| GK | | Sam Hardy | |
| RB | | Tommy Smart | |
| LB | | Tommy Weston | |
| RH | | Andy Ducat (c) | |
| CH | | Frank Barson | |
| LH | | Frank Moss | |
| OR | | Charlie Wallace | |
| IR | | Billy Kirton | |
| CF | | Billy Walker | |
| IL | | Clem Stephenson | |
| OL | | Arthur Dorrell | |
| Secretary-Manager: | | | |
| George Ramsay | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| GK | | Sandy Mutch | | | |
| RB | | James Wood | | | |
| LB | | Fred Bullock (c) | | | |
| RH | | Charlie Slade | | | |
| CH | | Tom Wilson | | | |
| LH | | Billy Watson | | | |
| OR | | George Richardson | | | |
| IR | | Frank Mann | | | |
| CF | | Sam Taylor | | | |
| IL | | Jack Swann | | | |
| OL | | Ernie Islip | | | |
| Manager: | | | | | |
| Ambrose Langley | | | | | |
|
enwiki/72846429
|
enwiki
| 72,846,429 |
1919–20 Aston Villa F.C. season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1919%E2%80%9320_Aston_Villa_F.C._season
|
2024-10-24T19:00:46Z
|
en
|
Q116736501
| 190,473 |
{{main|History of Aston Villa F.C. (1874–1961)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]
| season = 1919–20
| manager = [[George Ramsay (footballer, born 1855)|George Ramsay]]
| chairman = [[Frederick Rinder]]
| league = [[The Football League 1919–20|First division]]
| league result = [[1919–20 Football League|9th]]
| cup1 = [[FA Cup]]
| cup1 result = [[1920 FA Cup|Winners]]
| cup2 =
| cup2 result =
| cup3 =
| cup3 result =
| cup4 =
| cup4 result =
| league topscorer =
| season topscorer =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| prevseason = [[Aston Villa F.C. season 1918–19|1918–19]]
| nextseason = [[Aston Villa F.C. season 1920–21|1920–21]]
}}
The [[1919–20 English football season]] was the '''28th season''' in the [[Football League]] for Aston Villa, and the first following the end of [[World War I]]. Villa won their sixth FA Cup at the end of season, beating [[Huddersfield Town F.C.|Huddersfield Town]] 1–0 at [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]].
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Barson.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Frank Barson]] -->
==Debuts==
{{main|List of Aston Villa F.C. records and statistics}}
[[File:Billy Walker Footballer.png|thumb|150px|A one-club man, [[Billy Walker (footballer, born 1897)|Billy Walker]] scored 244 goals in 531 appearances for Villa between 1920 and 1934. He is Aston Villa's all-time top goalscorer.]]
[[File:Frank Barson (Villa card, 1921).jpg|thumb|150px|[[Frank Barson]]]]
[[File:Tommy Ball.jpg|thumb|150px|Tommy Ball]]
[[Billy Walker (footballer, born 1897)|Billy Walker]] (478) made his senior debut in January 1920 in the [[FA Cup]], scoring twice as [[Aston Villa F.C.|Villa]] won 2-1 in the first round against non-league side [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]]. He played in five more FA Cup games, scoring another three, helping [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] reach the [[1920 FA Cup Final|FA Cup Final]]. An extra time winner at [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]] by [[Billy Kirton]] saw Walker become an FA Cup winner in his debut season.<ref>{{Cite web |title=F.A Cup Final: Aston Villa v Huddersfield Town, 1920 (b/w photo) |url=https://www.bridgemanimages.com/en-US/noartistknown/f-a-cup-final-aston-villa-v-huddersfield-town-1920-b-w-photo/photograph/asset/5910413 |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=www.bridgemanimages.com |language=en}}</ref> Walker also scored 8 league goals in 15 matches at the back end of the [[1919–20 Football League|1919-20 season]], including a hat-trick against [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]], as Villa ended the first season after the first world war in ninth place.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1919-20 Season Final Football Tables |url=http://www.englishfootballleaguetables.co.uk/final/f1919-20.html |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=www.englishfootballleaguetables.co.uk}}</ref>
[[Tommy Smart]] (405) played for [[Halesowen Town F.C.|Halesowen Town]] before signing for [[Aston Villa]] in January 1920 for a £300.00 fee.<ref>[https://www.avfchistory.co.uk/player/tommy-smart Tommy Smart] www.avfchistory.co.uk</ref> [[Dicky York|Richard York]] (356) scored one goal in 17 games in [[1919–20 Football League|1919–20]], but did not feature in the [[1920 FA Cup Final]], which ended in a 1–0 victory over [[Huddersfield Town A.F.C.|Huddersfield Town]] at [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]].<ref name="villa">{{cite web|url=http://www.astonvillaplayerdatabase.com/1474.html|title=Detailed bio|work=Aston Villa Database|access-date=4 June 2009}}</ref> [[Arthur Dorrell]] (355) played for Carey Hall and R.A.S.C., before joining [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] in May 1919.<ref name=astonvillaplayerdatabase.com>{{cite web|title=profile|url=http://www.astonvillaplayerdatabase.com/389.html|work=astonvillaplayerdatabase.com|accessdate=16 July 2012}}</ref> [[Billy Kirton]] (261) was born in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]. Kirton was a member of the [[Temperance Society]] and played for Pandon Temperance before joining [[Leeds City F.C.|Leeds City]] in May 1919. After Kirton had played only one game for the club, City went out of business and he was transferred to Aston Villa for £500 in October 1919. He played 261 matches for Aston Villa.<ref>https://www.avfchistory.co.uk/player/billy-kirton</ref>
After a very public fall out with the Barnsley directors over travelling expenses, [[Frank Barson]] (92) joined [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] in October 1919.<ref name="hard">{{cite web|first = Dave|last= Woodhall|title = The hardest man in history|url =http://freespace.virgin.net/heroes.villains1/68/3.htm|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070711004420/http://freespace.virgin.net/heroes.villains1/68/3.htm|archive-date=11 July 2007 |year = 2007|access-date = 10 August 2007|publisher = Heroes and villains}}</ref> Barson joined Villa for a fee of £2,850 – "more than the average Sheffield worker earned in a year", according to a Sheffield newspaper<ref name="medal">{{cite news|url=http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/Soccer-legend39s-medal-for-sale.2112695.jp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130114021751/http://www.thestar.co.uk/news/Soccer-legend39s-medal-for-sale.2112695.jp|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 January 2013|title=Soccer legend's medal for sale|year=2007|access-date=10 August 2007|work=The Star|location=UK}}</ref> – after persuasion from [[George Ramsay (footballer, born 1855)|George Ramsay]], who was rebuilding Villa after the First World War.<ref name="hard"/> In October 1919, he made his debut in a 4–1 win at Middlesbrough. Barson played a large part in the Villa team during his three seasons at the club, but it is his run-ins with authority for which he is best known.<ref name="hard"/>
[[Tommy Ball]] (74) (shot dead [[1923-24 avfc|on 11 November 1923]]) joined from Newcastle in January 1920. Ball was seen as cover for [[Frank Barson]].<ref name=heroesandvillains>{{cite web|last=Spink|first=Derrick|title=Villa History – Murder Most Foul|url=http://heroesandvillains.net/index.php?topic=31.0 |publisher=heroesandvillains.net|access-date=3 November 2011|date=4 August 2010}}</ref> and first-team appearances were limited until Barson left [[1922-23 avfc|in August 1922]]. Ball then became the first-choice [[centre-half]], making 36 appearances in [[1922–23 avfc|the 1922–23 season]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Random Villa Fact|url=http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10265~1345687,00.html|publisher=Aston Villa FC|access-date=5 November 2011|date=20 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208172649/http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/NewsDetail/0,,10265~1345687,00.html|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> In [[1923–24 avfc|the following season]], he continued to perform well at the heart of Villa's defence and he was forecast to be called up to play for [[England national football team|England]].<ref name="Echo 2008">{{cite web |title=Move from Wardley Villa to Aston Villa set Ball rolling in tragic tale |url=http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/2030071.print/|work=The Northern Echo |access-date=3 November 2011|date=8 February 2008}}</ref>
Other debuts included:
*[[Ernie Blackburn]] (32)
*[[Jack Thompson (1920s footballer)|Jack Thompson]] (26)
*[https://www.avfchistory.co.uk/player/andy-young Andy Young (26)]
*[https://www.avfchistory.co.uk/player/walter-boyman Walter Boyman (24)]
*[[Jimmy Lee (footballer)|Jim Lee]] (18)
*[[Jack Hampson]] (14)
*[[Jimmy Lawrence (footballer, born 1891)|Jimmy Lawrence]] (13)
*[https://www.avfchistory.co.uk/player/hubert-bourne Hubert Bourne (7)]
*[https://www.avfchistory.co.uk/player/jack-pendleton Jack Pendleton (6)]
*[https://www.avfchistory.co.uk/player/arthur-davis Arthur Davis (5)]
*[https://www.avfchistory.co.uk/player/joe-worrell Joe Worrell (4)]
*[[George Hadley (footballer)|George Hadley]] (4)
*[[Dick Sloley]] (2)
*[https://www.avfchistory.co.uk/player/walter-maiden Walter Maiden (1)] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.avfchistory.co.uk/villa-seasons|title=Aston Villa's Seasons|website=AVFC History}}</ref>
==Table==
{{main|1919–20 Football League}}
{{:1919–20 Football League|transcludesection=First Division|only_totals=y|showteam=AVL}}
==FA Cup==
{{Infobox football match
| title = 1920 FA Cup Final
| image = Stamford_Bridge_1905.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Stanford Bridge hosted the match
| event = [[1919–20 FA Cup]]
| team1 = [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]
| team1score = 1
| team2 = [[Huddersfield Town A.F.C.|Huddersfield Town]]
| team2score = 0
| details = After [[Overtime (sports)#Association football|extra time]]
| date = 24 April 1920
| stadium = [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]]
| city = [[London]]
| man_of_the_match1a =
| referee = J.T. Howcroft ([[Bolton]])
| attendance = 50,018
}}
The [[1920 FA Cup final]], the first since the end of the [[World War I|First World War]], was contested by [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] and [[Huddersfield Town A.F.C.|Huddersfield]] at [[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]]. Aston Villa won 1–0, with the goal coming in extra time from [[Billy Kirton]], to clinch the trophy for a record sixth time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avfc.co.uk/page/HistoryTimeline |title=Aston Villa | Club | History | Timeline |publisher=Avfc.co.uk |access-date=7 August 2011}}</ref> This was the first ever FA Cup Final to require extra time to be played.<ref>{{cite news|author= Tom Davis & Mat Kendrick|url= http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/aston-villa-wembley-50-most-9055372|title= Aston Villa at Wembley: The 50 most memorable claret and blue moments in the FA Cup|work=Birmingham Mail|date= 18 April 2015|access-date= 27 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author= John Motson|title= Motson's FA Cup Odyssey: The World's Greatest Knockout Competition|publisher= Robson|date= 2005|page= [https://archive.org/details/motsonsfacupodys0000mots/page/48 48]|isbn= 1-861-05903-5|url= https://archive.org/details/motsonsfacupodys0000mots/page/48}}</ref> Huddersfield had secured promotion from the Second Division this season and were appearing in their first final.
Aston Villa captain, [[Andy Ducat]], had represented England at both football and cricket.<ref>{{cite book|editor= Richard William Cox |editor2=Dave Russell |editor3=Wray Vamplew|title= Encyclopedia of British Football|publisher= Psychology Press|date= 2002|isbn= 0-714-65249-0|page= 16}}</ref> The Villa team had four surviving members of the club's last victory in the [[1913 F.A. Cup final]]; [[Tommy Weston]], [[Sam Hardy (footballer)|Sam Hardy]], [[Clem Stephenson]] and [[Charlie Wallace]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lerwill-life.org.uk/astonvilla/a_villa_fa_finals.htm|title= Aston Villa's FA Cup Finals|access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref> Those four Villa players and [[Frank Moss (footballer, born 1895)|Frank Moss]] had all served in the Armed Forces during [[World War I]].<ref name= "WW1">{{cite web|url= http://7500toholte.sbnation.com/2016/11/11/13565000/aston-villa-tom-barber-remembrance-day-world-war-1-wwi-veterans-day-17th-middlesex|title= Villa's WWI heroes|date= 11 November 2016|access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref> [[Frank Barson]], known for his tough style of play, was warned before the kick-off by the referee against using his normal tactics.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2014/dec/16/forgotten-story-frank-barson-aston-villa-manchester-united|work= The Guardian|title= The forgotten story of … Frank Barson's seven-month ban|author= Simon Brunton|date= 16 December 2014|access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref>
The trophy was presented by [[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester|Prince Henry]], the fourth son of King [[George V]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.mirror-photos.co.uk/aston-villa-v-huddersfield-fa-cup-final-1920/print/1670917.html|title= Aston Villa v Huddersfield FA Cup Final 1920|access-date= 27 December 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161228033221/http://www.mirror-photos.co.uk/aston-villa-v-huddersfield-fa-cup-final-1920/print/1670917.html|archive-date= 28 December 2016|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.examiner.co.uk/sport/football/news/aston-villa-vs-huddersfield-town-11749856|title= Aston Villa vs Huddersfield Town: Pick your Terriers team to start at Villa Park|author= Rory Benson|publisher = The Huddersfield Daily Examiner|date= 15 August 2016|access-date= 27 December 2016}}</ref> This was Villa manager [[George Ramsay (footballer, born 1855)|George Ramsay]]'s sixth FA Cup Final win, a record for a manager, and one that was only equalled in 2015 by [[Arsène Wenger]] – against Aston Villa.<ref name= "WW1"/>
==Road to the Final==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|'''Round 1'''||align=right|Aston Villa||2–1||[[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]]||QPR were a non-league club at this time.<ref name= "Data"/>
|-
|'''Round 2'''||align=right|[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]||1–2||Aston Villa||
|-
|'''Round 3'''||align=right|Aston Villa||1–0||[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]]||
|-
|'''Quarter-final'''||align=right|[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]||0–1||Aston Villa||Tottenham Hotspur were in the Second Division at this time.<ref name= "Data">{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablese/engcup1920.html|title=1920 FA Cup Results|access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
|'''Semi-final'''||align=right|Aston Villa||3–1||[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]||played at [[Bramall Lane]], Sheffield
|-
|}
===Match details===
{{football box
|date=24 April 1920
|time=15:00 [[Western European Summer Time|BST]]
|team1=[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]
|score=1–0
|aet=yes
|team2=[[Huddersfield Town A.F.C.|Huddersfield Town]]
|report= http://www.fa-cupfinals.co.uk/1920.html
|goals1=[[Billy Kirton|Kirton]] {{goal|100}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Stamford Bridge (stadium)|Stamford Bridge]], [[London]]
|attendance=50,018
|referee= J.T. Howcroft ([[Bolton]])}}
{| width=92% |
|-
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la = _claretborder
| pattern_b = _astonvilla old
| pattern_ra = _claretborder
| pattern_so = _2lightbluestripes_2
| leftarm = 99ccff
| body = 990033
| rightarm = 99ccff
| shorts = FFFFFF
| socks = 990033
| title = Aston Villa
}}
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la = _white_stripes
| pattern_b = _3stripesonwhite
| pattern_ra = _white_stripes
| pattern_so = _arg3036h
| leftarm = 007FFF
| body = 007FFF
| rightarm = 007FFF
| shorts = FFFFFF
| socks = 000000
| title = {{nowrap|Huddersfield Town}}
}}
|}
{| style="width:100%;"
|-
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|-
|colspan="4"|
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK ||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Sam Hardy (footballer)|Sam Hardy]]
|-
|RB||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Tommy Smart]]
|-
|LB||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Tommy Weston]]
|-
|RH||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Andy Ducat]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|CH||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Frank Barson]]
|-
|LH||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Frank Moss (half-back)|Frank Moss]]
|-
|OR||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Charlie Wallace]]
|-
|IR||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Billy Kirton]]
|-
|CF||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Billy Walker (footballer, born 1897)|Billy Walker]]
|-
|IL||''' '''||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Clem Stephenson]]
|-
|OL||''' '''||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Arthur Dorrell]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Secretary-Manager:'''
|-
|colspan="3"|{{fbaicon|Scotland}} [[George Ramsay (footballer, born 1855)|George Ramsay]]
|}
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;"|
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font-size:90%; margin:auto;"
|-
|colspan="4"|
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK ||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|Scotland}} [[Sandy Mutch]]
|-
|RB||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[James Wood (footballer)|James Wood]]
|-
|LB||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Fred Bullock (footballer)|Fred Bullock]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])
|-
|RH||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Charlie Slade]]
|-
|CH||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Tom Wilson (footballer, born 1896)|Tom Wilson]]
|-
|LH||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Billy Watson, Snr.|Billy Watson]]
|-
|OR||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[George Richardson (footballer born 1891)|George Richardson]]
|-
|IR||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Frank Mann (footballer)|Frank Mann]]
|-
|CF||''' ''' ||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Sam Taylor (English footballer)|Sam Taylor]]
|-
|IL||''' '''||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Jack Swann]]
|-
|OL||''' '''||{{fbaicon|England}} [[Ernie Islip]]
|-
|colspan=3|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan="3"|{{fbaicon|England}} [[Ambrose Langley]]
|}
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.sportingchronicle.com/FACUP/1920.html FA Cup Final lineups]
*[https://www.11v11.com/teams/aston-villa/tab/matches/season/1920/ Aston Villa football club match record: 1920]
{{Aston Villa F.C. seasons}}
{{1919–20 in English football}}
[[Category:Aston Villa F.C. seasons]]
[[Category:English football clubs 1919–20 season|Aston Villa]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:1919-20 Aston Villa F.C. season}}
| 1,253,183,929 |
[{"title": "Aston Villa", "data": {"Chairman": "Frederick Rinder", "Manager": "George Ramsay", "First division": "9th", "FA Cup": "Winners"}}, {"title": "1920 FA Cup Final", "data": {"Event": "1919\u201320 FA Cup", "Aston Villa": "Huddersfield Town", "1": "0", "Date": "24 April 1920", "Venue": "Stamford Bridge, London", "Referee": "J.T. Howcroft (Bolton)", "Attendance": "50,018"}}]
| false |
# 11th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 11th Division (第11師団, Dai Jūichi Shidan) was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its tsūshōgō code name was the Brocade Division (錦兵団, Nishiki-heidan), and its military symbol was 11D. The 11th Division was one of six infantry divisions newly raised by the Imperial Japanese Army after the First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895). The division received its colors on 1 October 1898 and was disbanded in September 1945. Its troops were recruited primarily from communities in the four prefectures of the island of Shikoku. It was originally headquartered in the city of Zentsuji, Kagawa, and its first commander was Lieutenant General Nogi Maresuke.
## Action
### Russo-Japanese WartoSiberian Intervention
During the Russo-Japanese War, under the command of Lieutenant General Tsuchiya Mitsuharu, this division was assigned to General Nogi's 3rd Army, and thus saw considerable combat (and casualties) at the bloody Siege of Port Arthur. It subsequently formed the core of General Kawamura Kageaki's 5th Army, where (under the command of Lieutenant General Samejima Shigeo, it played a significant role in securing the Japanese victory at the Battle of Mukden. The division remained stationed in Manchuria as a garrison force for two years after the end of the Russo-Japanese War, and only returned to Zentsuji 7 May 1911.
The 11th Division was deployed again to the continent during the Japanese intervention in Siberia in August 1920, replacing the IJA 14th Division. The division has demobilized and returned to Japan in June 1921.
### Second Sino-Japanese WarandPacific War
The 11th Division was one of the three Japanese divisions deployed to Shanghai in China during the January 28 Incident in 1932. It returned to Shanghai in July 1937 with the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, but was reassigned to garrison duty in Manchukuo from September 1938. In October 1939, the division was reorganized into a triangular division, with its IJA 22nd Infantry Regiment forming the core of the new 24th Division.
After the start of the Pacific War, the division was based at Mishan, near Lake Khasan in eastern Manchukuo as part of the 5th Army, in support of anti-partisan police actions and to act as a deterrent against Soviet border forces. At the time it was commanded by Lieutenant General Mitsuru Ushijima.
In February 1944, a large part of division (3rd battalions of 12th infantry, 43rd infantry and 11th mountain artillery regiments) of the 11th Division's strength were detached to 10th Independent Mixed Regiment (tsūshōgō code 17584) and sent to Guam to reinforce the 1st division, which was annihilated at the Battle of Guam (1944) in July–August 1944.
In April 1945, the remainder of the 11th Division was transferred from Manchukuo back to Shikoku under command of the 55th army in preparation for the expected Allied invasion of Japan. It and disbanded with the surrender of Japan in August 1945.
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11th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)
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Q700269
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 11th Division
| image = Nogi-kan Zentsuji Kagawa Pref01s5.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption = former IJA 11th Division HQ at Zentsuji, Kagawa
| dates = 1 October 1898 – 1945
| country = {{flag|Empire of Japan}}
| allegiance =
| branch = {{army|Empire of Japan}}
| type = [[Infantry]]
| role =
| size = 25,000 men
| command_structure =
| garrison = [[Zentsuji, Kagawa|Zentsuji]], Japan
<!-- Commanders -->| current_commander =
| ceremonial_chief =
| colonel_of_the_regiment =
| notable_commanders = [[Tsuchiya Mitsuharu]]<br>[[Yoshinori Shirakawa]]<br>[[Iwane Matsui]]<br>[[Kanichiro Tashiro]]<br>[[Hayao Tada]]<br>[[Mitsuru Ushijima]]
<!-- Insignia -->| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_2 = <!-- Culture and history -->
| nickname = ''Brocade Division''
| patron =
| motto =
| colors =
| colors_label =
| march =
| mascot =
| battles = [[Russo-Japanese War]]<br/>[[Second Sino-Japanese War]]<br/>[[World War II]]
| anniversaries =
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
}}
{{Infobox command structure
| name = 11th Division
| date = 1898
| parent = [[Third Army (Japan)|IJA 3rd Army]]
| subordinate =* 10th Brigade
** 12th Infantry Regiment
** 22nd Infantry Regiment
* 22nd Brigade
** 43rd Infantry Regiment
** 44th Infantry Regiment
}}
{{Infobox command structure
| name = 11th Division
| date = 1944-1945
| parent = [[Fifty-Fifth Army (Japan)|IJA 55th Army]]
| subordinate = *12. Infantry regiment
*43. Infantry regiment
*44. Infantry regiment
*11. Cavalry regiment
*11. Mountain artillery regiment
*11. Engineer regiment
*11. Transportation (logistics) regiment
*11. Signals company
*11. Chemical warfare company
*11. Field hospital
*11. [[Epidemic Prevention and Water Purification Department]]
*11. Veterinary department
}}
The {{nihongo| '''11th Division'''|第11師団|Dai Jūichi Shidan}} was an [[infantry division]] in the [[Imperial Japanese Army]]. Its [[tsūshōgō]] [[code name]] was the {{nihongo| '''Brocade Division'''|錦兵団|Nishiki-heidan}}, and its military symbol was 11D. The 11th Division was one of six infantry divisions newly raised by the Imperial Japanese Army after the [[First Sino-Japanese War]] (1894–1895). The division received its colors on 1 October 1898 and was disbanded in September 1945. Its troops were recruited primarily from communities in the four prefectures of the island of [[Shikoku]].<ref name= Kowner>Kowner, '' Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War'', p. 107.</ref> It was originally headquartered in the city of [[Zentsuji, Kagawa]], and its first commander was Lieutenant General [[Nogi Maresuke]].
==Action==
===[[Russo-Japanese War]] to [[Siberian Intervention]]===
During the [[Russo-Japanese War]], under the command of Lieutenant General [[Tsuchiya Mitsuharu]], this division was assigned to General Nogi's [[Third Army (Japan)|3rd Army]], and thus saw considerable combat (and casualties) at the bloody [[Siege of Port Arthur]]. It subsequently formed the core of General [[Kawamura Kageaki]]'s [[Fifth Army (Japan)|5th Army]], where (under the command of Lieutenant General [[Samejima Shigeo]], it played a significant role in securing the Japanese victory at the [[Battle of Mukden]]. The division remained stationed in [[Manchuria]] as a garrison force for two years after the end of the Russo-Japanese War, and only returned to [[Zentsuji, Kagawa|Zentsuji]] 7 May 1911.
The 11th Division was deployed again to the continent during the [[Japanese intervention in Siberia]] in August 1920, replacing the [[IJA 14th Division]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Japanese empire in East Asia and its postwar legacy|volume= 3|author=Harald Fuess|publisher=Iudicium-Verlag|date=1998|isbn=9783891295021}}</ref> The division has demobilized and returned to Japan in June 1921.
===[[Second Sino-Japanese War]] and [[Pacific War]]===
The 11th Division was one of the three Japanese divisions deployed to [[Shanghai]] in China during the [[January 28 Incident]] in 1932. It returned to Shanghai in July 1937 with the start of the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]], but was reassigned to garrison duty in [[Manchukuo]] from September 1938. In October 1939, the division was reorganized into a [[triangular division]], with its IJA 22nd Infantry Regiment forming the core of the new [[24th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|24th Division]].
After the start of the [[Pacific War]], the division was based at [[Mishan]], near [[Lake Khasan]] in eastern [[Manchukuo]] as part of the [[Fifth Army (Japan)|5th Army]], in support of anti-partisan police actions and to act as a deterrent against Soviet border forces. At the time it was commanded by Lieutenant General [[Mitsuru Ushijima]].
In February 1944, a large part of division (3rd battalions of 12th infantry, 43rd infantry and 11th mountain artillery regiments) of the 11th Division's strength were detached to [[10th Independent Mixed Regiment]] ([[tsūshōgō]] code 17584) and sent to [[Guam]] to reinforce the [[1st Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|1st division]], which was annihilated at the [[Battle of Guam (1944)]] in July–August 1944.
In April 1945, the remainder of the 11th Division was transferred from [[Manchukuo]] back to Shikoku under command of the [[Fifty-Fifth Army (Japan)|55th army]] in preparation for the expected [[Operation Downfall|Allied invasion of Japan]]. It and disbanded with the [[surrender of Japan]] in August 1945.
==See also==
* [[List of Japanese Infantry Divisions]]
==References==
*{{cite book | last = Kowner| first = Rotem|author-link=Rotem Kowner| year = 2006 | title = Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War| publisher = The Scarecrow Press | isbn = 0-8108-4927-5 }}
* Madej, W. Victor. ''Japanese Armed Forces Order of Battle, 1937-1945'' [2 vols] Allentown, PA: 1981
* This article incorporates material from the Japanese Wikipedia page [[:ja:第11師団 (日本軍)|第11師団 (日本軍)]], accessed 10 February 2016
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:11th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)}}
[[Category:Japanese World War II divisions]]
[[Category:Infantry divisions of Japan]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1898]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1945]]
[[Category:1898 establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:1945 disestablishments in Japan]]
[[Category:Nanjing Massacre perpetrators]]
| 1,278,623,304 |
[{"title": "11th Division", "data": {"Active": "1 October 1898 \u2013 1945", "Country": "Empire of Japan", "Branch": "Imperial Japanese Army", "Type": "Infantry", "Size": "25,000 men", "Garrison/HQ": "Zentsuji, Japan", "Nickname(s)": "Brocade Division", "Engagements": "Russo-Japanese War \u00b7 Second Sino-Japanese War \u00b7 World War II"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Notable \u00b7 commanders": "Tsuchiya Mitsuharu \u00b7 Yoshinori Shirakawa \u00b7 Iwane Matsui \u00b7 Kanichiro Tashiro \u00b7 Hayao Tada \u00b7 Mitsuru Ushijima"}}]
| false |
# 119th New York State Legislature
The 119th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 1 to April 30, 1896, during the second year of Levi P. Morton's governorship, in Albany.
## Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1894, 50 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts were made up of entire counties, except New York County (twelve districts), Kings County (seven districts), Erie County (three districts) and Monroe County (two districts). The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county.
At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Prohibition Party, the Socialist Labor Party and the People's Party also nominated tickets.
## Elections
The 1895 New York state election was held on November 5. The state officers and state senators were elected to an exceptional three-year term (for the sessions of 1896, 1897 and 1898), so that the election of these officers would be held, beginning in 1898, in even-numbered years, at the same time as the gubernatorial election.
All six statewide elective offices up for election was carried by the Republicans. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for Secretary of State, was: Republican 601,000; Democratic 511,000; Prohibition 25,000; Socialist Labor 21,000; and People's Party 7,000.
## Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 1, 1896; and adjourned on April 30.
Hamilton Fish II (R) was re-elected Speaker.
Timothy E. Ellsworth (R) was elected president pro tempore of the State Senate.
## State Senate
### Districts
- 1st District: Richmond and Suffolk counties
- 2nd District: Queens County
- 3rd District: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th Ward of Brooklyn
- 4th District: 7th, 13th, 19th and 21st Ward of Brooklyn
- 5th District: 8th, 10th, 12th and 30th Ward of Brooklyn, and the annexed former Town of Gravesend
- 6th District: 9th, 11th, 20th and 22nd Ward of Brooklyn
- 7th District: 14th, 15th, 16th and 17th Ward of Brooklyn
- 8th District: 23rd, 24th, 25th and 29th Ward of the City of Brooklyn; and the Town of Flatlands
- 9th District: 18th, 26th, 27th and 28th Ward of Brooklyn
- 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st District: Parts of the City of New York, defined geographically by their bordering streets, regardless of Wards or Assembly districts
- 22nd District: Westchester County
- 23rd District: Orange and Rockland counties
- 24th District: Columbia, Dutchess and Putnam and counties
- 25th District: Greene and Ulster counties
- 26th District: Chenango, Delaware and Sullivan counties
- 27th District: Fulton, Hamilton, Montgomery and Schoharie counties
- 28th District: Saratoga, Schenectady and Washington counties
- 29th District: Albany County
- 30th District: Rensselaer County
- 31st District: Clinton, Essex and Warren counties
- 32nd District: Franklin and St. Lawrence counties
- 33rd District: Otsego and Herkimer counties
- 34th District: Oneida County
- 35th District: Jefferson and Lewis counties
- 36th District: Onondaga County
- 37th District: Oswego and Madison counties
- 38th District: Broome, Cortland and Tioga counties
- 39th District: Cayuga and Seneca counties
- 40th District: Chemung, Schuyler and Tompkins counties
- 41st District: Steuben and Yates counties
- 42nd District: Ontario and Wayne counties
- 43rd District: 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 16th, 17th and 18th Ward of Rochester; and the towns of Brighton, Henrietta, Irondequoit, Menden, Penfield, Perinton, Pittsford, Rush and Webster, in Monroe County
- 44th District: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 15th, 19th and 20th Ward of Rochester; and the towns of Chili, Clarkson, Gates, Greece, Hamlin, Ogden, Parma, Riga, Sweden and Wheatland, in Monroe County
- 45th District: Genesee, Niagara and Orleans counties
- 46th District: Allegany, Livingston and Wyoming counties
- 47th District: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 15th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd and 24th Ward of Buffalo
- 48th District: 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th and 16th Ward of Buffalo
- 49th District: 17th, 18th and 25th Ward of the City of Buffalo; and all area in Erie County outside Buffalo
- 50th District: Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties
Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.
### Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Richard Higbie, Frank Gallagher, George W. Brush, Albert A. Wray, Julius L. Wieman, Samuel J. Foley, Frank D. Pavey, J. Irving Burns, George R. Malby, Benjamin M. Wilcox, Edwin C. Stewart and Simon Seibert changed from the Assembly to the Senate.
| District | Senator | Party | Notes |
| -------- | ---------------------- | ---------- | ----------------------------- |
| 1st | Richard Higbie* | Republican | |
| 2nd | Theodore Koehler | Democrat | |
| 3rd | Frank Gallagher* | Democrat | |
| 4th | George W. Brush* | Republican | |
| 5th | Michael J. Coffey* | Democrat | re-elected |
| 6th | Peter H. McNulty | Democrat | |
| 7th | Patrick H. McCarren | Democrat | |
| 8th | Albert A. Wray* | Republican | |
| 9th | Julius L. Wieman* | Republican | |
| 10th | John F. Ahearn* | Democrat | re-elected |
| 11th | Timothy D. Sullivan* | Democrat | re-elected |
| 12th | Samuel J. Foley* | Democrat | |
| 13th | Bernard F. Martin | Democrat | |
| 14th | Thomas F. Grady | Democrat | |
| 15th | Frank D. Pavey* | Republican | |
| 16th | Louis Munzinger | Democrat | |
| 17th | Charles B. Page | Republican | |
| 18th | Maurice Featherson | Democrat | |
| 19th | John Ford | Republican | |
| 20th | Jacob A. Cantor* | Democrat | re-elected; Minority Leader |
| 21st | Charles L. Guy* | Democrat | re-elected |
| 22nd | J. Irving Burns* | Republican | |
| 23rd | Clarence Lexow* | Republican | re-elected |
| 24th | William C. Daley | Republican | |
| 25th | Charles Davis | Republican | |
| 26th | James Ballantine | Republican | died on May 4, 1896 |
| 27th | Hobart Krum | Republican | |
| 28th | Edgar T. Brackett | Republican | |
| 29th | Myer Nussbaum | Republican | |
| 30th | LeGrand C. Tibbits | Republican | |
| 31st | George Chahoon | Republican | |
| 32nd | George R. Malby* | Republican | |
| 33rd | Walter L. Brown | Republican | |
| 34th | Henry J. Coggeshall* | Ind. Rep. | re-elected |
| 35th | Joseph Mullin* | Republican | re-elected |
| 36th | Horace White | Republican | |
| 37th | Nevada N. Stranahan | Republican | |
| 38th | William Elting Johnson | Republican | |
| 39th | Benjamin M. Wilcox* | Republican | |
| 40th | Edwin C. Stewart* | Republican | |
| 41st | John S. Sheppard | Republican | |
| 42nd | John Raines* | Republican | re-elected |
| 43rd | Cornelius R. Parsons* | Republican | re-elected |
| 44th | Henry Harrison | Republican | |
| 45th | Timothy E. Ellsworth | Republican | elected President pro tempore |
| 46th | Lester H. Humphrey | Republican | |
| 47th | Charles Lamy* | Republican | re-elected |
| 48th | Simon Seibert* | Republican | |
| 49th | George Allen Davis | Republican | |
| 50th | Frank W. Higgins* | Republican | re-elected |
### Employees
- Clerk: John S. Kenyon
- Sergeant-at-Arms: Garret J. Benson
- Doorkeeper: Nathan Lewis
- Stenographer: Edward Shaughnessy
## State Assembly
### Assemblymen
| District | District | Assemblymen | Party | Notes |
| ------------------- | ------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Albany | 1st | Robert G. Scherer | Republican | |
| Albany | 2nd | James Keenholts* | Republican | |
| Albany | 3rd | George T. Kelly | Democrat | |
| Albany | 4th | Amos J. Ablett* | Republican | |
| Allegany | Allegany | Frederick A. Robbins* | Republican | |
| Broome | 1st | Joseph H. Brownell* | Republican | |
| Broome | 2nd | Charles F. Tupper | Republican | |
| Cattaraugus | 1st | Charles H. Miller | Republican | |
| Cattaraugus | 2nd | Girvease A. Matteson | Republican | |
| Cayuga | 1st | W. Clarence Sheldon | Republican | |
| Cayuga | 2nd | Eugene B. Rounds | Republican | |
| Chautauqua | 1st | Jerome Babcock | Republican | |
| Chautauqua | 2nd | S. Frederick Nixon* | Republican | |
| Chemung | Chemung | John B. Stanchfield* | Democrat | Minority Leader |
| Chenango | Chenango | Jotham P. Allds | Republican | |
| Clinton | Clinton | Willis T. Honsinger* | Republican | |
| Columbia | Columbia | Hugh W. McClellan | Democrat | |
| Cortland | Cortland | Franklin P. Saunders | Republican | |
| Delaware | Delaware | Delos H. Mackey | Republican | |
| Dutchess | 1st | John A. Hanna | Republican | |
| Dutchess | 2nd | Augustus B. Gray* | Republican | |
| Erie | 1st | Cornelius Coughlin* | Democrat | |
| Erie | 2nd | Henry W. Hill | Republican | |
| Erie | 3rd | Benjamin A. Peever | Republican | |
| Erie | 4th | Philip W. Springweiler | Republican | |
| Erie | 5th | Charles Braun* | Republican | |
| Erie | 6th | Christopher Smith | Republican | |
| Erie | 7th | Henry L. Steiner | Republican | |
| Erie | 8th | Heman M. Blasdell | Republican | |
| Essex | Essex | Albert Weed* | Republican | |
| Franklin | Franklin | Thomas A. Sears* | Republican | |
| Fulton and Hamilton | Fulton and Hamilton | Byron D. Brown | Republican | |
| Genesee | Genesee | Archie D. Sanders | Republican | |
| Greene | Greene | Newton Sweet | Republican | |
| Herkimer | Herkimer | Oliver H. Springer | Republican | |
| Jefferson | 1st | Walter Zimmerman | Republican | |
| Jefferson | 2nd | Cornelius J. Clark | Republican | |
| Kings | 1st | Thomas H. Wagstaff | Republican | |
| Kings | 2nd | John McKeown* | Democrat | |
| Kings | 3rd | Thomas H. Cullen | Democrat | |
| Kings | 4th | George W. Wilson | Republican | |
| Kings | 5th | Abram C. DeGraw | Republican | |
| Kings | 6th | Arthur J. Audett* | Republican | |
| Kings | 7th | Frederick A. Newman | Democrat | |
| Kings | 8th | James Lennon Jr. | Democrat | |
| Kings | 9th | John J. Cain* | Democrat | |
| Kings | 10th | William L. Perkins | Republican | |
| Kings | 11th | Joseph A. Guider | Democrat | |
| Kings | 12th | Charles H. Ebbets | Democrat | |
| Kings | 13th | Orrion L. Forrester | Republican | |
| Kings | 14th | John M. Zurn | Democrat | |
| Kings | 15th | Robert J. Rudd | Democrat | |
| Kings | 16th | Edward C. Brennan | Republican | |
| Kings | 17th | Henry Marshall | Republican | |
| Kings | 18th | George E. Waldo | Republican | |
| Kings | 19th | Frederick Schmid | Democrat | |
| Kings | 20th | Frederick G. Hughes | Republican | |
| Kings | 21st | Jacob A. Livingston | Republican | |
| Lewis | Lewis | John S. Koster | Republican | |
| Livingston | Livingston | Otto Kelsey* | Republican | |
| Madison | Madison | Lambert B. Kern* | Republican | |
| Monroe | 1st | Charles J. Smith* | Republican | |
| Monroe | 2nd | James M. E. O'Grady* | Republican | |
| Monroe | 3rd | William W. Armstrong* | Republican | |
| Monroe | 4th | Thomas H. Eddy | Republican | |
| Montgomery | Montgomery | Edward L. Schmidt | Republican | |
| New York | 1st | Daniel E. Finn* | Democrat | |
| New York | 2nd | Thomas J. Barry* | Democrat | |
| New York | 3rd | William H. Leonard | Democrat | |
| New York | 4th | James A. Donnelly* | Democrat | |
| New York | 5th | George Gregory | Republican | |
| New York | 6th | Jacob A. Mittnacht | Democrat | |
| New York | 7th | Edward W. Hart | Democrat | |
| New York | 8th | Charles S. Adler* | Republican | |
| New York | 9th | James F. Maccabe | Democrat | |
| New York | 10th | Otto Kempner | Democrat | |
| New York | 11th | William H. Gledhill | Democrat | |
| New York | 12th | Joseph Schulum | Democrat | |
| New York | 13th | Patrick F. Trainor | Democrat | |
| New York | 14th | Jacob Fritz | Democrat | |
| New York | 15th | Thomas F. Myers | Democrat | |
| New York | 16th | Benjamin Hoffman* | Democrat | |
| New York | 17th | vacant | Assemblyman-elect Patrick J. Kerrigan (D) died on December 23, 1895 | Assemblyman-elect Patrick J. Kerrigan (D) died on December 23, 1895 |
| New York | 17th | Francis J. Goodman | Democrat | elected on March 3, to fill vacancy |
| New York | 18th | Andrew J. Galligan | Democrat | |
| New York | 19th | Albert C. Wilson | Republican | |
| New York | 20th | John P. Corrigan* | Democrat | |
| New York | 21st | George C. Austin | Republican | |
| New York | 22nd | Daniel W. F. McCoy | Democrat | |
| New York | 23rd | John M. Delmour | Democrat | |
| New York | 24th | John B. Fitzgerald* | Democrat | |
| New York | 25th | Patrick H. Murphy | Republican | |
| New York | 26th | Patrick J. Andrews | Democrat | |
| New York | 27th | Francis E. Laimbeer | Republican | |
| New York | 28th | Joseph I. Green | Democrat | |
| New York | 29th | Samuel G. French | Republican | |
| New York | 30th | George W. Meyer Jr. | Democrat | |
| New York | 31st | Harvey T. Andrews* | Republican | |
| New York | 32nd | Thomas F. Donnelly | Democrat | |
| New York | 33rd | Louis Davidson | Democrat | |
| New York | 34th | Bernard H. Malone | Democrat | |
| New York | 35th | Arthur C. Butts | Democrat | |
| Niagara | 1st | Henry E. Warner | Republican | |
| Niagara | 2nd | Frank A. Dudley | Republican | |
| Oneida | 1st | Walter Embley | Democrat | |
| Oneida | 2nd | William Cary Sanger* | Republican | |
| Oneida | 3rd | William B. Graves | Republican | |
| Onondaga | 1st | Charles C. Cole* | Republican | |
| Onondaga | 2nd | Charles R. Rogers* | Republican | |
| Onondaga | 3rd | Joseph Bondy | Republican | |
| Onondaga | 4th | Edwin M. Wells | Republican | |
| Ontario | Ontario | Charles A. Steele | Republican | |
| Orange | 1st | Louis F. Goodsell* | Republican | |
| Orange | 2nd | Louis Bedell | Republican | |
| Orleans | Orleans | Fred L. Downs | Republican | |
| Oswego | 1st | Louis P. Taylor | Republican | |
| Oswego | 2nd | Thomas M. Costello | Republican | |
| Otsego | Otsego | Charles B. Gorham | Republican | |
| Putnam | Putnam | Hamilton Fish II* | Republican | re-elected Speaker |
| Queens | 1st | Jacob Stahl | Democrat | |
| Queens | 2nd | Frederic Storm | Republican | |
| Queens | 3rd | Morton Cromwell | Republican | |
| Rensselaer | 1st | Edward McGraw | Republican | |
| Rensselaer | 2nd | John T. Norton* | Democrat | |
| Rensselaer | 3rd | George Anderson | Republican | |
| Richmond | Richmond | Gustav A. Barth | Democrat | |
| Rockland | Rockland | Otis H. Cutler* | Republican | |
| St. Lawrence | 1st | Ira C. Miles | Republican | |
| St. Lawrence | 2nd | Martin V. B. Ives | Republican | |
| Saratoga | Saratoga | Charles H. McNaughton* | Republican | |
| Schenectady | Schenectady | Thomas W. Winne* | Republican | |
| Schoharie | Schoharie | David Enders | Democrat | |
| Schuyler | Schuyler | Oliver H. Budd | Republican | |
| Seneca | Seneca | William H. Kinne | Democrat | |
| Steuben | 1st | James S. Harrison | Republican | |
| Steuben | 2nd | Joel Clark | Republican | |
| Suffolk | 1st | Erastus F. Post | Republican | |
| Suffolk | 2nd | Carll S. Burr Jr. | Republican | |
| Sullivan | Sullivan | Uriah S. Messiter | Republican | |
| Tioga | Tioga | Daniel P. Witter | Republican | |
| Tompkins | Tompkins | Frederick E. Bates | Republican | |
| Ulster | 1st | William S. Van Keuren* | Republican | |
| Ulster | 2nd | James Lounsbery* | Republican | |
| Warren | Warren | Taylor J. Eldridge* | Republican | |
| Washington | Washington | William R. Hobbie | Republican | |
| Wayne | Wayne | George S. Horton* | Republican | |
| Westchester | 1st | John N. Stewart* | Republican | |
| Westchester | 2nd | George L. Carlisle | Republican | |
| Westchester | 3rd | James W. Husted* | Republican | |
| Wyoming | Wyoming | Mortimer N. Cole | Republican | |
| Yates | Yates | Everett Brown* | Republican | |
### Employees
- Clerk: Archie E. Baxter
- Financial Clerk: William C. Stevens
- Sergeant-at-Arms: Philip W. Reinhard Jr.
- Doorkeeper: Joseph Bauer
- Stenographer: Henry C. Lammert
|
enwiki/38090133
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enwiki
| 38,090,133 |
119th New York State Legislature
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_New_York_State_Legislature
|
2025-02-18T07:51:21Z
|
en
|
Q4547720
| 264,536 |
{{Short description|New York state legislative session}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox New York Legislature
|number = 119th
|image =
|imagename =
|imagedate =
|start = January 1
|end = December 31, 1896
|vp = Lt. Gov. [[Charles T. Saxton]] (R)
|pro tem = [[Timothy E. Ellsworth]] (R)
|speaker = [[Hamilton Fish II]] (R)
|senators = 50
|reps = 150
|s-majority = Republican (36-14)
|h-majority = Republican (103-47)
|sessionnumber1 = 1st
|sessionstart1 = January 1
|sessionend1 = April 30, 1896
|previous = 118th
|next = 120th
}}
The '''119th New York State Legislature''', consisting of the [[New York State Senate]] and the [[New York State Assembly]], met from January 1 to April 30, 1896, during the second year of [[Levi P. Morton]]'s [[Governor of New York|governorship]], in [[Albany, New York|Albany]].
==Background==
Under the provisions of the [[New York Constitution]] of 1894, 50 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts were made up of entire counties, except New York County (twelve districts), Kings County (seven districts), Erie County (three districts) and Monroe County (two districts). The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county.
At this time there were two major political parties: the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] and the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]. The [[Prohibition Party]], the [[Socialist Labor Party]] and the [[People's Party (United States)|People's Party]] also nominated tickets.
==Elections==
The [[1895 New York state election]] was held on November 5. The state officers and state senators were elected to an exceptional three-year term (for the sessions of 1896, 1897 and 1898), so that the election of these officers would be held, beginning in 1898, in even-numbered years, at the same time as the gubernatorial election.
All six statewide elective offices up for election was carried by the Republicans. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for Secretary of State, was: Republican 601,000; Democratic 511,000; Prohibition 25,000; Socialist Labor 21,000; and People's Party 7,000.
==Sessions==
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in [[Albany, New York|Albany]] on January 1, 1896; and adjourned on April 30.
[[Hamilton Fish II]] (R) was re-elected [[Speaker of the New York State Assembly|Speaker]].
[[Timothy E. Ellsworth]] (R) was elected president pro tempore of the State Senate.
==State Senate==
===Districts===
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* 1st District: [[Staten Island|Richmond]] and [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]] counties
* 2nd District: [[Queens]] County
* 3rd District: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th Ward of Brooklyn
* 4th District: 7th, 13th, 19th and 21st Ward of Brooklyn
* 5th District: 8th, 10th, 12th and 30th Ward of Brooklyn, and the annexed former Town of [[Gravesend, Brooklyn|Gravesend]]
* 6th District: 9th, 11th, 20th and 22nd Ward of Brooklyn
* 7th District: 14th, 15th, 16th and 17th Ward of Brooklyn
* 8th District: 23rd, 24th, 25th and 29th Ward of the City of Brooklyn; and the Town of [[Flatlands, Brooklyn|Flatlands]]
* 9th District: 18th, 26th, 27th and 28th Ward of Brooklyn
* 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st District: Parts of the City of New York, defined geographically by their bordering streets, regardless of Wards or Assembly districts
* 22nd District: [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester County]]
* 23rd District: [[Orange County, New York|Orange]] and [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland]] counties
* 24th District: [[Columbia County, New York|Columbia]], [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess]] and [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam]] and counties
* 25th District: [[Greene County, New York|Greene]] and [[Ulster County, New York|Ulster]] counties
* 26th District: [[Chenango County, New York|Chenango]], [[Delaware County, New York|Delaware]] and [[Sullivan County, New York|Sullivan]] counties
* 27th District: [[Fulton County, New York|Fulton]], [[Hamilton County, New York|Hamilton]], [[Montgomery County, New York|Montgomery]] and [[Schoharie County, New York|Schoharie]] counties
* 28th District: [[Saratoga County, New York|Saratoga]], [[Schenectady County, New York|Schenectady]] and [[Washington County, New York|Washington]] counties
* 29th District: [[Albany County, New York|Albany County]]
* 30th District: [[Rensselaer County, New York|Rensselaer County]]
* 31st District: [[Clinton County, New York|Clinton]], [[Essex County, New York|Essex]] and [[Warren County, New York|Warren]] counties
* 32nd District: [[Franklin County, New York|Franklin]] and [[St. Lawrence County, New York|St. Lawrence]] counties
* 33rd District: [[Otsego County, New York|Otsego]] and [[Herkimer County, New York|Herkimer]] counties
* 34th District: [[Oneida County, New York|Oneida County]]
* 35th District: [[Jefferson County, New York|Jefferson]] and [[Lewis County, New York|Lewis]] counties
* 36th District: [[Onondaga County, New York|Onondaga County]]
* 37th District: [[Oswego County, New York|Oswego]] and [[Madison County, New York|Madison]] counties
* 38th District: [[Broome County, New York|Broome]], [[Cortland County, New York|Cortland]] and [[Tioga County, New York|Tioga]] counties
* 39th District: [[Cayuga County, New York|Cayuga]] and [[Seneca County, New York|Seneca]] counties
* 40th District: [[Chemung County, New York|Chemung]], [[Schuyler County, New York|Schuyler]] and [[Tompkins County, New York|Tompkins]] counties
* 41st District: [[Steuben County, New York|Steuben]] and [[Yates County, New York|Yates]] counties
* 42nd District: [[Ontario County, New York|Ontario]] and [[Wayne County, New York|Wayne]] counties
* 43rd District: 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 16th, 17th and 18th Ward of Rochester; and the towns of Brighton, Henrietta, Irondequoit, Menden, Penfield, Perinton, Pittsford, Rush and Webster, in [[Monroe County, New York|Monroe County]]
* 44th District: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 15th, 19th and 20th Ward of Rochester; and the towns of Chili, Clarkson, Gates, Greece, Hamlin, Ogden, Parma, Riga, Sweden and Wheatland, in Monroe County
* 45th District: [[Genesee County, New York|Genesee]], [[Niagara County, New York|Niagara]] and [[Orleans County, New York|Orleans]] counties
* 46th District: [[Allegany County, New York|Allegany]], [[Livingston County, New York|Livingston]] and [[Wyoming County, New York|Wyoming]] counties
* 47th District: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 15th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd and 24th Ward of Buffalo
* 48th District: 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th and 16th Ward of Buffalo
* 49th District: 17th, 18th and 25th Ward of the City of Buffalo; and all area in [[Erie County, New York|Erie County]] outside Buffalo
* 50th District: [[Cattaraugus County, New York|Cattaraugus]] and [[Chautauqua County, New York|Chautauqua]] counties}}
<small>'''Note:''' There are now 62 counties in the State of [[New York (state)|New York]]. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.</small>
===Members===
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Richard Higbie, Frank Gallagher, George W. Brush, Albert A. Wray, Julius L. Wieman, Samuel J. Foley, Frank D. Pavey, J. Irving Burns, George R. Malby, Benjamin M. Wilcox, Edwin C. Stewart and Simon Seibert changed from the Assembly to the Senate.
{| class=wikitable
! District
! Senator
! Party
! Notes
|-
|1st
|[[Richard Higbie]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Theodore Koehler]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|3rd
|[[Frank Gallagher (Brooklyn)|Frank Gallagher]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|4th
|[[George W. Brush]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|5th
|[[Michael J. Coffey]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|re-elected
|-
|6th
|[[Peter H. McNulty]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|7th
|[[Patrick H. McCarren]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|8th
|[[Albert A. Wray]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|9th
|[[Julius L. Wieman]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|10th
|[[John F. Ahearn]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|re-elected
|-
|11th
|[[Timothy Sullivan|Timothy D. Sullivan]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|re-elected
|-
|12th
|[[Samuel J. Foley (politician)|Samuel J. Foley]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|13th
|[[Bernard F. Martin]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|14th
|[[Thomas F. Grady]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|15th
|[[Frank D. Pavey]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|16th
|[[Louis Munzinger]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|17th
|[[Charles B. Page]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|18th
|[[Maurice Featherson]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|19th
|[[John Ford (New York state senator)|John Ford]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|20th
|[[Jacob A. Cantor]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|re-elected; Minority Leader
|-
|21st
|[[Charles L. Guy]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|re-elected
|-
|22nd
|[[J. Irving Burns]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|23rd
|[[Clarence Lexow]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|re-elected
|-
|24th
|[[William C. Daley]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|25th
|[[Charles Davis (New York state senator)|Charles Davis]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|26th
|[[James Ballantine (New York politician)|James Ballantine]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|died on May 4, 1896<ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/05/05/105748262.pdf ''SENATOR JAMES BALLANTINE DEAD''] in NYT on May 5, 1896</ref>
|-
|27th
|[[Hobart Krum]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|28th
|[[Edgar T. Brackett]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|29th
|[[Myer Nussbaum]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|30th
|[[LeGrand C. Tibbits]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|31st
|[[George Chahoon]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|32nd
|[[George R. Malby]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|33rd
|[[Walter L. Brown]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|34th
|[[Henry J. Coggeshall]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Ind. Rep.
|re-elected
|-
|35th
|[[Joseph Mullin (state senator)|Joseph Mullin]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|re-elected
|-
|36th
|[[Horace White]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|37th
|[[Nevada N. Stranahan]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|38th
|[[William Elting Johnson]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|39th
|[[Benjamin M. Wilcox]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|40th
|[[Edwin C. Stewart]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|41st
|[[John S. Sheppard]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|42nd
|[[John Raines]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|re-elected
|-
|43rd
|[[Cornelius R. Parsons]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|re-elected
|-
|44th
|[[Henry Harrison (New York politician)|Henry Harrison]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|45th
|[[Timothy E. Ellsworth]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|elected President pro tempore
|-
|46th
|[[Lester H. Humphrey]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|47th
|[[Charles Lamy (New York politician)|Charles Lamy]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|re-elected
|-
|48th
|[[Simon Seibert]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|49th
|[[George Allen Davis]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|50th
|[[Frank W. Higgins]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|re-elected
|-
|}
===Employees===
* Clerk: [[John Snyders Kenyon|John S. Kenyon]]
* Sergeant-at-Arms: Garret J. Benson
* Doorkeeper: Nathan Lewis
* Stenographer: Edward Shaughnessy
==State Assembly==
===Assemblymen===
{| class=wikitable
! colspan="2" | District
! Assemblymen
! Party
! Notes
|-
|rowspan="4" | [[Albany County, New York|Albany]]
|1st
|[[Robert G. Scherer]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[James Keenholts]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|3rd
|[[George T. Kelly]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|4th
|[[Amos J. Ablett]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Allegany County, New York|Allegany]]
|[[Frederick A. Robbins]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Broome County, New York|Broome]]
|1st
|[[Joseph H. Brownell]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Charles F. Tupper]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Cattaraugus County, New York|Cattaraugus]]
|1st
|[[Charles H. Miller]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Girvease A. Matteson]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Cayuga County, New York|Cayuga]]
|1st
|[[W. Clarence Sheldon]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Eugene B. Rounds]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Chautauqua County, New York|Chautauqua]]
|1st
|[[Jerome Babcock]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[S. Frederick Nixon]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Chemung County, New York|Chemung]]
|[[John B. Stanchfield]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|Minority Leader
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Chenango County, New York|Chenango]]
|[[Jotham P. Allds]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Clinton County, New York|Clinton]]
|[[Willis T. Honsinger]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Columbia County, New York|Columbia]]
|[[Hugh W. McClellan]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Cortland County, New York|Cortland]]
|[[Franklin P. Saunders]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Delaware County, New York|Delaware]]
|[[Delos H. Mackey]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess]]
|1st
|[[John A. Hanna (New York)|John A. Hanna]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Augustus B. Gray]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="8" | [[Erie County, New York|Erie]]
|1st
|[[Cornelius Coughlin (New York)|Cornelius Coughlin]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Henry W. Hill]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|3rd
|[[Benjamin A. Peever]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|4th
|[[Philip W. Springweiler]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|5th
|[[Charles Braun]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|6th
|[[Christopher Smith (Erie County, NY)|Christopher Smith]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|7th
|[[Henry L. Steiner]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|8th
|[[Heman M. Blasdell]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Essex County, New York|Essex]]
|[[Albert Weed]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Franklin County, New York|Franklin]]
|[[Thomas A. Sears]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Fulton County, New York|Fulton]] and [[Hamilton County, New York|Hamilton]]
|[[Byron D. Brown]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Genesee County, New York|Genesee]]
|[[Archie D. Sanders]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Greene County, New York|Greene]]
|[[Newton Sweet]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Herkimer County, New York|Herkimer]]
|[[Oliver H. Springer]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Jefferson County, New York|Jefferson]]
|1st
|[[Walter Zimmerman (assemblyman)|Walter Zimmerman]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Cornelius J. Clark]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="21" | [[Brooklyn|Kings]]
|1st
|[[Thomas H. Wagstaff]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[John McKeown (Brooklyn)|John McKeown]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|3rd
|[[Thomas H. Cullen]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|4th
|[[George W. Wilson (Brooklyn)|George W. Wilson]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|5th
|[[Abram C. DeGraw]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|6th
|[[Arthur J. Audett]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|7th
|[[Frederick A. Newman]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|8th
|[[James Lennon Jr.]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|9th
|[[John J. Cain (Brooklyn)|John J. Cain]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|10th
|[[William L. Perkins (Brooklyn)|William L. Perkins]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|11th
|[[Joseph A. Guider]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|12th
|[[Charles H. Ebbets]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|13th
|[[Orrion L. Forrester]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|14th
|[[John M. Zurn]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|15th
|[[Robert J. Rudd]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|16th
|[[Edward C. Brennan]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|17th
|[[Henry Marshall (Brooklyn)|Henry Marshall]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|18th
|[[George E. Waldo]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|19th
|[[Frederick Schmid]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|20th
|[[Frederick G. Hughes]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|21st
|[[Jacob A. Livingston]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Lewis County, New York|Lewis]]
|[[John S. Koster]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Livingston County, New York|Livingston]]
|[[Otto Kelsey]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Madison County, New York|Madison]]
|[[Lambert B. Kern]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="4" | [[Monroe County, New York|Monroe]]
|1st
|[[Charles J. Smith]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[James M. E. O'Grady]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|3rd
|[[William W. Armstrong (politician)|William W. Armstrong]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|4th
|[[Thomas H. Eddy]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Montgomery County, New York|Montgomery]]
|[[Edward L. Schmidt]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="36" | [[Manhattan|New York]]
|1st
|[[Daniel E. Finn]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Thomas J. Barry (New York City)|Thomas J. Barry]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|3rd
|[[William H. Leonard]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|4th
|[[James A. Donnelly]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|5th
|[[George Gregory (New York City)|George Gregory]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|6th
|[[Jacob A. Mittnacht]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|7th
|[[Edward W. Hart]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|8th
|[[Charles S. Adler]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|9th
|[[James F. Maccabe]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|10th
|[[Otto Kempner]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|11th
|[[William H. Gledhill]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|12th
|[[Joseph Schulum]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|13th
|[[Patrick F. Trainor]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|14th
|[[Jacob Fritz]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|15th
|[[Thomas F. Myers]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|16th
|[[Benjamin Hoffman]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | 17th
|vacant
|colspan="2" | Assemblyman-elect [[Patrick J. Kerrigan]] (D) died on December 23, 1895
|-
|[[Francis J. Goodman]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|elected on March 3, to fill vacancy<ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/03/04/104111946.pdf ''TAMMANY MAN ELECTED''] in NYT on March 4, 1896</ref>
|-
|18th
|[[Andrew J. Galligan]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|19th
|[[Albert C. Wilson]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|20th
|[[John P. Corrigan]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|21st
|[[George C. Austin]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|22nd
|[[Daniel W. F. McCoy]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|23rd
|[[John M. Delmour]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|24th
|[[John B. Fitzgerald]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|25th
|[[Patrick H. Murphy]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|26th
|[[Patrick J. Andrews]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|27th
|[[Francis E. Laimbeer]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|28th
|[[Joseph I. Green]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|29th
|[[Samuel G. French (New York City)|Samuel G. French]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|30th
|[[George W. Meyer Jr.]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|31st
|[[Harvey T. Andrews]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|32nd
|[[Thomas F. Donnelly (New York City)|Thomas F. Donnelly]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|33rd
|[[Louis Davidson]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|34th
|[[Bernard H. Malone]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|35th
|[[Arthur C. Butts]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Niagara County, New York|Niagara]]
|1st
|[[Henry E. Warner]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Frank A. Dudley]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="3" | [[Oneida County, New York|Oneida]]
|1st
|[[Walter Embley]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|2nd
|[[William Cary Sanger]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|3rd
|[[William B. Graves]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="4" | [[Onondaga County, New York|Onondaga]]
|1st
|[[Charles C. Cole (New York)|Charles C. Cole]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Charles R. Rogers]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|3rd
|[[Joseph Bondy]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|4th
|[[Edwin M. Wells]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Ontario County, New York|Ontario]]
|[[Charles A. Steele]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Orange County, New York|Orange]]
|1st
|[[Louis F. Goodsell]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Louis Bedell]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Orleans County, New York|Orleans]]
|[[Fred L. Downs]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Oswego County, New York|Oswego]]
|1st
|[[Louis P. Taylor]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Thomas M. Costello]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Otsego County, New York|Otsego]]
|[[Charles B. Gorham]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam]]
|[[Hamilton Fish II]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|re-elected [[Speaker of the New York State Assembly|Speaker]]
|-
|rowspan="3" | [[Queens]]
|1st
|[[Jacob Stahl]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Frederic Storm]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|3rd
|[[Morton Cromwell]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="3" | [[Rensselaer County, New York|Rensselaer]]
|1st
|[[Edward McGraw]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[John T. Norton]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|3rd
|[[George Anderson (Rensselaer County, NY)|George Anderson]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Staten Island|Richmond]]
|[[Gustav A. Barth]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland]]
|[[Otis H. Cutler]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[St. Lawrence County, New York|St. Lawrence]]
|1st
|[[Ira C. Miles]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Martin V. B. Ives]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Saratoga County, New York|Saratoga]]
|[[Charles H. McNaughton]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Schenectady County, New York|Schenectady]]
|[[Thomas W. Winne]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Schoharie County, New York|Schoharie]]
|[[David Enders]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Schuyler County, New York|Schuyler]]
|[[Oliver H. Budd]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Seneca County, New York|Seneca]]
|[[William H. Kinne]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Steuben County, New York|Steuben]]
|1st
|[[James S. Harrison]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Joel Clark]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]]
|1st
|[[Erastus F. Post]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Carll S. Burr Jr.]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Sullivan County, New York|Sullivan]]
|[[Uriah S. Messiter]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Tioga County, New York|Tioga]]
|[[Daniel P. Witter]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Tompkins County, New York|Tompkins]]
|[[Frederick E. Bates]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Ulster County, New York|Ulster]]
|1st
|[[William S. Van Keuren]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[James Lounsbery]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Warren County, New York|Warren]]
|[[Taylor J. Eldridge]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Washington County, New York|Washington]]
|[[William R. Hobbie]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Wayne County, New York|Wayne]]
|[[George S. Horton]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="3" | [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]]
|1st
|[[John N. Stewart]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[George L. Carlisle]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|3rd
|[[James W. Husted (Representative)|James W. Husted]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Wyoming County, New York|Wyoming]]
|[[Mortimer N. Cole]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Yates County, New York|Yates]]
|[[Everett Brown (politician)|Everett Brown]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|}
===Employees===
* Clerk: [[Archie E. Baxter]]
*Financial Clerk: [[William C. Stevens (New York politician)|William C. Stevens]]
* Sergeant-at-Arms: [[Philip W. Reinhard Jr.]]
* Doorkeeper: [[Joseph Bauer]]
* Stenographer: Henry C. Lammert
==Notes==
<references/>
==Sources==
* [https://archive.org/stream/newyorkredbook00unkngoog#page/n470/mode/1up ''The New York Red Book''] compiled by Edgar L. Murlin (published by James B. Lyon, Albany NY, 1897; see senators' bios pg. 133–177; senators' portraits between pg. 136 and 137; pg. 404 for list of senators; pg. 512f for assemblymen; pg. 712–716 for senate districts)
* [http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/william-archer/the-tribune-almanac-and-political-register-for-volume-18961897-ywe/page-53-the-tribune-almanac-and-political-register-for-volume-18961897-ywe.shtml ''The Tribune Almanac''] (1896)
{{NYLegislatures}}
[[Category:New York (state) legislative sessions|119]]
[[Category:1896 in New York (state)]]
[[Category:1896 U.S. legislative sessions]]
| 1,276,339,167 |
[{"title": "119th New York State Legislature", "data": {"\u2190": "118th \u00b7 120th \u00b7 \u2192"}}, {"title": "Overview", "data": {"Legislative body": "New York State Legislature", "Jurisdiction": "New York, United States", "Term": "January 1 \u2013 December 31, 1896"}}, {"title": "Senate", "data": {"Members": "50", "President": "Lt. Gov. Charles T. Saxton (R)", "Temporary President": "Timothy E. Ellsworth (R)", "Party control": "Republican (36-14)"}}, {"title": "Assembly", "data": {"Members": "150", "Speaker": "Hamilton Fish II (R)", "Party control": "Republican (103-47)"}}, {"title": "Sessions", "data": {"1st": "January 1 \u2013 April 30, 1896"}}]
| false |
# 12 Rounds 2: Reloaded
12 Rounds 2: Reloaded (also known as 12 Rounds 2 and 12 Rounds: Reloaded) is a 2013 American action film directed by Roel Reiné. The film stars Randy Orton, Tom Stevens, Brian Markinson and Cindy Busby. It is a sequel to 2009's 12 Rounds starring John Cena. Unlike the original which saw a theatrical release, the film was released on direct-to-DVD and Blu-ray in the United States on June 4, 2013.
## Plot
Paramedic Nick Malloy and his wife Sarah are going home after a movie, when a horrible car accident takes place. Nick attempts to aid and rescue the victims: a young boy and a married couple, but despite Nick's efforts, the woman dies; this completely shatters Nick as it never happened before in his entire career.
One year later, Nick and his fellow paramedic Jay Thompson are going to work when they get an anonymous call from an abandoned building site where they find a dying citizen. They attempt to aid him, only to find the number 1 stitched on his stomach alongside a bomb, but before they can do something about it, Nick receives a phone call. The caller asks Nick to step outside the ambulance after answering it. Nick now finds himself playing a game called 12 Rounds by Patrick Heller, moonlighting as a mastermind and using Sarah as a pawn. The caller tells Nick that he is watching him through security cameras and gives Nick a hint about his ambulance exploding. Immediately the ambulance explodes, killing the citizen instantly and setting Jay on fire, although Nick manages to save him.
In the next round, Nick receives a text message which leads him to a parking lot where a car waits for him. For Round 3, Nick must find a clue to his next destination in the car. Nick finds a matchbox with Palace Hotel written on it. Driving frantically to the hotel, Nick takes an alternative route. An enraged Heller threatens to detonate the bomb under the car but Nick manages to reach the Hotel with two seconds to spare.
As the game unfolds, Detectives McKenzie and Sykes are investigating the ambulance explosion, and while Sykes immediately blames Nick for everything, McKenzie has her doubts.
Round 4 begins in the Palace Hotel as Nick talks with the hotel manager, who is wearing a white top with a cue ball on the front with the number "4" on it and a key that dangles around his neck. Realizing this is the 4th round, Nick attacks the manager to steal the key. Heller tells Nick he must find a room that will give him all the answers. Nick finds out it's room 44, and inside the room, a young boy, Tommy Weaver, is having fun with a prostitute named Amber.
Round 5 begins when he enters the room. Nick ransacks the room and gets in a fight with Tommy and the prostitute. The phone rings in the room and Heller is the caller. He orders Nick to bring "it with you" and get into a car parked next to Tommy's. Nick notices a tattoo on Tommy, the same as the calling card of the mastermind. However, as Nick takes Tommy out of the room, he gets into a fight with the security guard but manages to escape. Nick puts Tommy in the car next to his and finds a black glove with some coordinates leading to the Intersection of Grant and Sherwood Street.
During the trip, Nick learns that Tommy has a parole anklet by following his DUI arrest, and Heller blocks the signal to the anklet so that Nick can stay focused on his timed mission. During the trip they stop halfway because both Nick and Tommy can hear a cell phone in the vehicle's trunk. They open the trunk to find Tommy's lawyer, Roberta Shaw, dead. For Round 6, they arrive at Grant and Sherwood intersection and find a telephone booth. Heller tells them a series of events led them there. Tommy finds out this is the street where he had an accident a year ago, that followed his DUI arrest. McKenzie and Sykes arrive at the hotel and talk with the security guard and the manager to find out about what Nick did earlier in the night and begin to suspect it is all linked to the governor's disappearance.
Meanwhile, Nick begins to put all the pieces of the puzzle together, and finds out he was at the right place at the right time a year ago. Through a flashback the audience learns that Tommy was the young boy during the accident when the movie began and the woman who died was Patrick's wife. Immediately after, Tommy tries to escape and as Nick chases him, Heller reactivates Tommy's anklet signal. Along the way, Tommy finds 2 police officers and tries to turn himself into them, telling them that Nick is chasing him for no apparent reason. But Nick catches up to him, engages and defeats the officers and steals their police car. Chased down by police and the detectives, they take an alternative route until they meet a dead end. Nick escapes by driving up into a public parking garage building. When they reach the top they are found and cornered by Detective McKenzie, to whom they reveal Heller's game.
McKenzie tells them the governor has disappeared and Tommy reveals he is his father. Heller calls Nick and tells him to put Tommy on the phone. Heller tells Tommy the location for Round 7. McKenzie tells them to keep playing his game to discover his true intentions.
For Round 7 they must reach an abandoned sugar factory which is how Tommy's father got into the government. Tommy finds his father buried in raw sugar. Nick drives a tractor to stop the overflowing of the sugar. Meanwhile, the detectives track down a signal to an abandoned building and find an armed man behind metal doors. Sykes shoots the man and they discover he is a judge.
For Round 8, Nick and Tommy must save the governor and when they do, Heller appears with Sarah, shoots Tommy's father and tells Nick that the detectives already took care of Round 9 for him. Back in the abandoned building a livestream of Heller begins in the computer and he reveals that Sykes was the first officer to arrive at the scene of the car accident and while the governor paid the lawyer and judge to reduce Tommy's sentence to one year probation, Sykes destroyed the evidence and got promoted to detective in the process. As Sykes apologizes to McKenzie a countdown appears in the computer and while McKenzie and the other officer says leave the room, Sykes stays and gets obliterated by the explosion. McKenzie then rushes out to find Nick. Round 10 begins when Tommy, still broken after his father's death, follows Heller's instructions and with a tazer incapacitates Nick temporarily.
Round 11 begins in front of a club called "Karma". It turns out the citizen who died in the ambulance worked there. Heller gives 2 vodka bottles to Tommy and one is poisoned. Tommy needs to drink one and when he does, he presumes he will die, but when he doesn't, starts laughing hysterically. Heller pours the contents of the other bottle over Tommy, shoots it and leaves Tommy to die.
For the Final Round, Heller has Nick and Sarah tied up in the back of his SUV and calls 911 to tell emergency services that there will be a horrible accident at Grant and Sherwood Intersection as Heller initiates a countdown in the SUV. Nick asks him what he would've done to save his wife's life to which Heller replies "Anything". Nick immediately breaks free and fights Heller, takes his gun and shoots the back of the SUV so he and Sarah can roll out of the vehicle. Heller breaks down, remembering the night's events and his wife, before shouting 'Diana' as the SUV explodes, killing him instantly.
Emergency services arrive and aid both Nick and Sarah as Detective McKenzie arrives and thanks Nick for his help during the night by saying, 'It's Over' and walking away from the ambulance.
## Cast
- Randy Orton as Nick Malloy
- Tom Stevens as Tommy Weaver
- Brian Markinson as Patrick Heller
- Venus Terzo as Detective McKenzie
- Cindy Busby as Sarah Malloy
- Sean Rogerson as Detective Sykes
- Colin Lawrence as Jay Thompson
- Chelsey Reist as Amber
- Sebastian Spence as Governor Devlin Weaver
- Janene Carleton as Diana Heller
- Rachel Hayward as Roberta Shaw
## Production
Former WWE wrestler CM Punk said that he was initially chosen to star in the film, but was pulled from the project due to Punk's obligations for the WWE European tour taking place during filming in addition to being their WWE Champion at the time. John Cena was also considered to reprise his role from the first, and Chris Jericho was also considered.
## Release
The DVD and Blu-ray were released in Region 1 in the United States on June 4, 2013, and Region 2 in the United Kingdom on 24 June. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. It made $919,421 worth of DVD units and $584,831 in Blu-ray units since June.
## Reception
Tyler Foster of DVD Talk rated it 1.5/5 stars and wrote: "Even the world's most committed Randy Orton fan won't get anything out of 12 Rounds 2, a dull rehash of a million other, better action movies that saddles Orton with an uninteresting character". David Johnson of DVD Verdict compared it negatively to the first film and wrote: "With 12 Rounds 2 and its dearth of compelling derring-do, we're left with Randy Orton grunting and running an obstacle course. No thanks".
## Sequel
A third film in the franchise called 12 Rounds 3: Lockdown was released in September 2015, starring Dean Ambrose.
|
enwiki/39258609
|
enwiki
| 39,258,609 |
12 Rounds 2: Reloaded
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_Rounds_2:_Reloaded
|
2024-09-22T17:42:33Z
|
en
|
Q14512003
| 65,509 |
{{Infobox film
| name = 12 Rounds 2: Reloaded
| image = 12 Rounds 2 dvdcover.jpg
| caption = DVD cover
| director = [[Roel Reiné]]
| producer = Michael J. Luisi
| writer = David Benullo
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Randy Orton]]
* [[Tom Stevens (actor)|Tom Stevens]]
* [[Brian Markinson]]
* [[Venus Terzo]]
* [[Cindy Busby]]
* [[Sean Rogerson]]
* [[Colin Lawrence]]
* [[Chelsey Reist]]
* [[Sebastian Spence]]
* Janene Carleton
}}
| music = [[Nathan Furst]]
| cinematography = Anthony C. Metchie
| editing = Radu Ion
| studio = [[WWE Studios]]<br /><small>(Reload Films, Inc.)</small>
| distributor = [[20th Century Fox Home Entertainment]]
| released = {{film date|2013|6|4}}
| runtime = 94 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
}}
'''''12 Rounds 2: Reloaded''''' (also known as '''''12 Rounds 2''''' and '''''12 Rounds: Reloaded''''') is a 2013 American [[action film]] directed by [[Roel Reiné]]. The film stars [[Randy Orton]], [[Tom Stevens (actor)|Tom Stevens]], [[Brian Markinson]] and [[Cindy Busby]]. It is a sequel to 2009's ''[[12 Rounds (film)|12 Rounds]]'' starring [[John Cena]]. Unlike the original which saw a theatrical release, the film was released on [[direct-to-video|direct-to-DVD and Blu-ray]] in the United States on June 4, 2013.
== Plot ==
{{long plot|date=December 2014}}
Paramedic Nick Malloy and his wife Sarah are going home after a movie, when a horrible car accident takes place. Nick attempts to aid and rescue the victims: a young boy and a married couple, but despite Nick's efforts, the woman dies; this completely shatters Nick as it never happened before in his entire career.
One year later, Nick and his fellow paramedic Jay Thompson are going to work when they get an anonymous call from an abandoned building site where they find a dying citizen. They attempt to aid him, only to find the number ''1'' stitched on his stomach alongside a bomb, but before they can do something about it, Nick receives a phone call. The caller asks Nick to step outside the ambulance after answering it. Nick now finds himself playing a game called 12 Rounds by Patrick Heller, moonlighting as a mastermind and using Sarah as a pawn. The caller tells Nick that he is watching him through security cameras and gives Nick a hint about his ambulance exploding. Immediately the ambulance explodes, killing the citizen instantly and setting Jay on fire, although Nick manages to save him.
In the next round, Nick receives a text message which leads him to a parking lot where a car waits for him. For Round 3, Nick must find a clue to his next destination in the car. Nick finds a matchbox with Palace Hotel written on it. Driving frantically to the hotel, Nick takes an alternative route. An enraged Heller threatens to detonate the bomb under the car but Nick manages to reach the Hotel with two seconds to spare.
As the game unfolds, Detectives McKenzie and Sykes are investigating the ambulance explosion, and while Sykes immediately blames Nick for everything, McKenzie has her doubts.
Round 4 begins in the Palace Hotel as Nick talks with the hotel manager, who is wearing a white top with a cue ball on the front with the number "4" on it and a key that dangles around his neck. Realizing this is the 4th round, Nick attacks the manager to steal the key. Heller tells Nick he must find a room that will give him all the answers. Nick finds out it's room 44, and inside the room, a young boy, Tommy Weaver, is having fun with a prostitute named Amber.
Round 5 begins when he enters the room. Nick ransacks the room and gets in a fight with Tommy and the prostitute. The phone rings in the room and Heller is the caller. He orders Nick to bring "it with you" and get into a car parked next to Tommy's. Nick notices a tattoo on Tommy, the same as the calling card of the mastermind. However, as Nick takes Tommy out of the room, he gets into a fight with the security guard but manages to escape. Nick puts Tommy in the car next to his and finds a black glove with some coordinates leading to the Intersection of Grant and Sherwood Street.
During the trip, Nick learns that Tommy has a parole anklet by following his DUI arrest, and Heller blocks the signal to the anklet so that Nick can stay focused on his timed mission. During the trip they stop halfway because both Nick and Tommy can hear a cell phone in the vehicle's trunk. They open the trunk to find Tommy's lawyer, Roberta Shaw, dead. For Round 6, they arrive at Grant and Sherwood intersection and find a telephone booth. Heller tells them a series of events led them there. Tommy finds out this is the street where he had an accident a year ago, that followed his DUI arrest. McKenzie and Sykes arrive at the hotel and talk with the security guard and the manager to find out about what Nick did earlier in the night and begin to suspect it is all linked to the governor's disappearance.
Meanwhile, Nick begins to put all the pieces of the puzzle together, and finds out he was at the right place at the right time a year ago. Through a flashback the audience learns that Tommy was the young boy during the accident when the movie began and the woman who died was Patrick's wife. Immediately after, Tommy tries to escape and as Nick chases him, Heller reactivates Tommy's anklet signal. Along the way, Tommy finds 2 police officers and tries to turn himself into them, telling them that Nick is chasing him for no apparent reason. But Nick catches up to him, engages and defeats the officers and steals their police car. Chased down by police and the detectives, they take an alternative route until they meet a dead end. Nick escapes by driving up into a public parking garage building. When they reach the top they are found and cornered by Detective McKenzie, to whom they reveal Heller's game.
McKenzie tells them the governor has disappeared and Tommy reveals he is his father. Heller calls Nick and tells him to put Tommy on the phone. Heller tells Tommy the location for Round 7. McKenzie tells them to keep playing his game to discover his true intentions.
For Round 7 they must reach an abandoned sugar factory which is how Tommy's father got into the government. Tommy finds his father buried in raw sugar. Nick drives a tractor to stop the overflowing of the sugar. Meanwhile, the detectives track down a signal to an abandoned building and find an armed man behind metal doors. Sykes shoots the man and they discover he is a judge.
For Round 8, Nick and Tommy must save the governor and when they do, Heller appears with Sarah, shoots Tommy's father and tells Nick that the detectives already took care of Round 9 for him. Back in the abandoned building a livestream of Heller begins in the computer and he reveals that Sykes was the first officer to arrive at the scene of the car accident and while the governor paid the lawyer and judge to reduce Tommy's sentence to one year probation, Sykes destroyed the evidence and got promoted to detective in the process. As Sykes apologizes to McKenzie a countdown appears in the computer and while McKenzie and the other officer says leave the room, Sykes stays and gets obliterated by the explosion. McKenzie then rushes out to find Nick. Round 10 begins when Tommy, still broken after his father's death, follows Heller's instructions and with a tazer incapacitates Nick temporarily.
Round 11 begins in front of a club called "Karma". It turns out the citizen who died in the ambulance worked there. Heller gives 2 vodka bottles to Tommy and one is poisoned. Tommy needs to drink one and when he does, he presumes he will die, but when he doesn't, starts laughing hysterically. Heller pours the contents of the other bottle over Tommy, shoots it and leaves Tommy to die.
For the Final Round, Heller has Nick and Sarah tied up in the back of his SUV and calls 911 to tell emergency services that there will be a horrible accident at Grant and Sherwood Intersection as Heller initiates a countdown in the SUV. Nick asks him what he would've done to save his wife's life to which Heller replies "Anything". Nick immediately breaks free and fights Heller, takes his gun and shoots the back of the SUV so he and Sarah can roll out of the vehicle. Heller breaks down, remembering the night's events and his wife, before shouting 'Diana' as the SUV explodes, killing him instantly.
Emergency services arrive and aid both Nick and Sarah as Detective McKenzie arrives and thanks Nick for his help during the night by saying, 'It's Over' and walking away from the ambulance.
== Cast ==
* [[Randy Orton]] as Nick Malloy
* [[Tom Stevens (actor)|Tom Stevens]] as Tommy Weaver
* [[Brian Markinson]] as Patrick Heller
* [[Venus Terzo]] as Detective McKenzie
* [[Cindy Busby]] as Sarah Malloy
* [[Sean Rogerson]] as Detective Sykes
* [[Colin Lawrence]] as Jay Thompson
* [[Chelsey Reist]] as Amber
* [[Sebastian Spence]] as Governor Devlin Weaver
* Janene Carleton as Diana Heller
* [[Rachel Hayward]] as Roberta Shaw
== Production ==
Former WWE wrestler [[CM Punk]] said that he was initially chosen to star in the film, but was pulled from the project due to Punk's obligations for the WWE European tour taking place during filming in addition to being their [[WWE Champion]] at the time. John Cena was also considered to reprise his role from the first, and [[Chris Jericho]] was also considered.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wrestlinginc.com/wi/news/2014/1219/587835/more-on-cm-punk-12-rounds-story/|title=CM Punk Not First Choice For '12 Rounds', Jake Roberts Wants Match On His 60th Birthday, More - WrestlingInc.com|work=WrestlingInc.com|access-date=2017-11-14|language=en|archive-date=2017-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621193742/http://www.wrestlinginc.com/wi/news/2014/1219/587835/more-on-cm-punk-12-rounds-story/|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Release ==
The DVD and Blu-ray were released in [[DVD region code#1|Region 1]] in the United States on June 4, 2013, and Region 2 in the United Kingdom on 24 June. It was distributed by [[20th Century Fox Home Entertainment]]. It made $919,421 worth of DVD units and $584,831 in Blu-ray units since June.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wrestlinginc.com/wi/news/2013/1202/567895/wwe-diva-gives-back-on-thanksgiving/#hBFGIYr2wZ3JLqwy.99|title=WWE Studios Updated Numbers, WWE Diva Gives Back On Thanksgiving, Hakushi - WrestlingInc.com|work=WrestlingInc.com|access-date=2017-11-14|language=en|archive-date=2017-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621194641/http://www.wrestlinginc.com/wi/news/2013/1202/567895/wwe-diva-gives-back-on-thanksgiving/#hBFGIYr2wZ3JLqwy.99|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Reception ==
Tyler Foster of [[DVD Talk]] rated it 1.5/5 stars and wrote: "Even the world's most committed Randy Orton fan won't get anything out of ''12 Rounds 2'', a dull rehash of a million other, better action movies that saddles Orton with an uninteresting character".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/60827/12-rounds-reloaded/|title=12 Rounds 2: Reloaded (Blu-ray)|last=Foster|first=Tyler|work=[[DVD Talk]]|date=2013-07-04|accessdate=2014-12-02|archive-date=2024-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240108174435/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/60827/12-rounds-reloaded/|url-status=live}}</ref> David Johnson of [[DVD Verdict]] compared it negatively to the first film and wrote: "With ''12 Rounds 2'' and its dearth of compelling derring-do, we're left with Randy Orton grunting and running an obstacle course. No thanks".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/12rounds2bluray.php|title=12 Rounds 2: Reloaded (Blu-ray)|last=Johnson|first=David|work=[[DVD Verdict]]|date=2014-07-03|accessdate=2014-12-02|archivedate=2014-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709011520/http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/12rounds2bluray.php}}</ref>
==Sequel==
A third film in the franchise called ''[[12 Rounds 3: Lockdown]]'' was released in September 2015, starring [[Jon Moxley|Dean Ambrose]].
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.wwe.com/inside/overtheropes/wwestudios/12-rounds-reloaded}}
* {{IMDb title|2317524}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|12_rounds_reloaded_2013}}
{{WWE Studios}}
{{Roel Reiné}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:12 Rounds 2: Reloaded}}
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 direct-to-video films]]
[[Category:2013 action films]]
[[Category:American action films]]
[[Category:2010s English-language films]]
[[Category:Direct-to-video action films]]
[[Category:Direct-to-video sequel films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Roel Reiné]]
[[Category:Films scored by Nathan Furst]]
[[Category:Films set in British Columbia]]
[[Category:Films shot in Vancouver]]
[[Category:WWE Studios films]]
[[Category:12 Rounds films]]
[[Category:2010s American films]]
[[Category:English-language action films]]
| 1,247,072,205 |
[{"title": "12 Rounds 2: Reloaded", "data": {"Directed by": "Roel Rein\u00e9", "Written by": "David Benullo", "Produced by": "Michael J. Luisi", "Starring": "- Randy Orton - Tom Stevens - Brian Markinson - Venus Terzo - Cindy Busby - Sean Rogerson - Colin Lawrence - Chelsey Reist - Sebastian Spence - Janene Carleton", "Cinematography": "Anthony C. Metchie", "Edited by": "Radu Ion", "Music by": "Nathan Furst", "Production \u00b7 companies": "WWE Studios \u00b7 (Reload Films, Inc.)", "Distributed by": "20th Century Fox Home Entertainment", "Release date": "- June 4, 2013", "Running time": "94 minutes", "Country": "United States", "Language": "English"}}]
| false |
# 1907 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
The 1907 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 19th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.
On 2 August 1908, Tullaroan won the championship after a 2–06 to 1–03 defeat of Mooncoin in the final. This was their ninth championship title overall and their first in three championship seasons.
## Results
### Final
| 2 August 1908 Final | Tullaroan | 2-06 - 1-03 | Mooncoin | St. James's Park |
|
enwiki/58675588
|
enwiki
| 58,675,588 |
1907 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907_Kilkenny_Senior_Hurling_Championship
|
2023-06-30T03:17:46Z
|
en
|
Q58407357
| 47,891 |
{{Short description|Annual hurling competition season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Hiberno-English|date=October 2020}}
{{infobox hurling championship
| name = 1907 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
| dates =
| teams =
| champions = [[File:Colours of Limerick.svg|20px|Border]] [[Tullaroan GAA|Tullaroan]]
| champions captain = [[Jer Doheny]]
| count = 9
| runners-up = [[File:Colours of Limerick.svg|20px|Border]] [[Mooncoin GAA|Mooncoin]]
| runners-up captain = [[Dick Walsh]]
| matches =
| goals =
| points =
| previous year = 1906
| previous tournament = 1906 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
| next year = 1908
| next tournament = 1908 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
}}
The '''1907 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship''' was the 19th staging of the [[Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship]] since its establishment by the [[Kilkenny GAA|Kilkenny County Board]].
On 2 August 1908, [[Tullaroan GAA|Tullaroan]] won the championship after a 2–06 to 1–03 defeat of [[Mooncoin GAA|Mooncoin]] in the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hoganstand.com/Kilkenny/ClubTitles|title=Club titles - Kilkenny|publisher=Hogan Stand|access-date=6 October 2018}}</ref> This was their ninth championship title overall and their first in three championship seasons.
==Results==
===Final===
{{footballbox collapsible
| date = 2 August 1908
| round = Final
| team1 = [[Tullaroan GAA|Tullaroan]]
| score = 2-06 - 1-03
| team2 = [[Mooncoin GAA|Mooncoin]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = St. James's Park
| referee =
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship}}
[[Category:1907 senior hurling county championships|Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship]]
[[Category:Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship]]
| 1,162,598,795 |
[{"title": "1907 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship", "data": {"Champions": "Tullaroan (9th title) \u00b7 Jer Doheny (captain)", "Runners-up": "Mooncoin \u00b7 Dick Walsh (captain)"}}, {"title": "Runners-up", "data": {"\u2190 1906 (Previous)": "(Next) 1908 \u2192"}}]
| false |
# 1908 Cuban general election
General elections were held in Cuba on 14 November 1908. José Miguel Gómez won the presidential election running under the Liberal Coalition banner (an alliance of the Historical Liberal Party and the Zayista Liberal Party), whilst the coalition emerged as the largest faction in the House of Representatives, winning 49 of the 83 seats. Voter turnout was 71.0%.
Of the population of just over two million, less than half a million people were registered to vote.
## Results
### President
| Candidate | Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
| ------------------------- | ------------------------- | --------------------------- | ------- | ------ |
| | José Miguel Gómez | Liberal Coalition | 201,199 | 60.70 |
| | Mario García Menocal | National Conservative Party | 130,256 | 39.30 |
| Total | Total | Total | 331,455 | 100.00 |
| | | | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 466,745 | – |
| Source: Nohlen | | | | |
### Senate
| Party or alliance | Party or alliance | Party or alliance | Party or alliance | Seats |
| ----------------- | ----------------- | ------------------------ | --------------------- | ----- |
| | Liberal Coalition | | Zayista Liberal Party | 11 |
| | Liberal Coalition | Historical Liberal Party | 5 | |
| | Liberal Coalition | Independents | 8 | |
| Total | Total | Total | Total | 24 |
| | | | | |
| Source: Nohlen | | | | |
The Senators elected were Alberto Nodarse, Antonio Maria Rubio, Manuel Lazo, Miguel Llaneras, Agustin Garcia Osuna, Antonio Gonzalo Perez, Cristobal de la Guardia, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante, Francisco Cuellar, Luis Fortun, Francisco Diaz Vega, Julian Godinez, Jose Maria Espinoza, Jose B. Aleman, Leopoldo Figueroa, Antonio Berenguer, Nicolas Guillen, Miguel Ramirez Carnesoltas, Salvador Cisneros y Betancourt, Tomas A. Recio, Luis Fernandez Marcane, Fidel G. Pierra, Erasmo Refeuiferos y Gonzalo Perez Andre.
### House of Representatives
| Party | Party | Seats |
| -------------- | --------------------------- | ----- |
| | Liberal Coalition | 49 |
| | National Conservative Party | 34 |
| Total | Total | 83 |
| | | |
| Source: Nohlen | | |
The elected members were: Atanasio Hernandez, Estanislao Cartana, Antonio San Miguel, Severo Moleon, jose A. Bec, Pablo Luciano Perez, Eduardo Dolz, jose Llorens, Lorenzo Arias, Juan M. Cabada, Luis Valdes Carrero, Enrique Collazo, Enrique Roig, Manuel Varona Suarez, Felipe Gonzalez Sarrain, Carlos Guas, Jose M. Cortina, Ezequiel Garcia, Miguel F. Viondi, Enrique Messonier, Mario Garcia Kohly, Francisco Pineiro, Jose Pereda Galvez, Rodolfo del Castillo, Ambrosio Borges, Carlos Armenteros Cardenas, Antonio Pardo Suarez, Jose A. Gonzalez Lanuza, Tomas Fernandez Boada, Santiago Cancio Bello, Antonio Fernandez Criado, Jose Bruzon Garcia, Ramiro Cuesta, Juan de la Cruz Alsina, Silverio Sanchez Figueras, Celso Cuellar del Rio, Roque E. Garrigo, Antonio Genova de Zayas, Miguel Arango, Juan Gonzalez Novo, Juan Felipe Risquet, Manuel Vera Verdura, Agustin Cruz, Orestes Ferrera, Pedor Albarran, Rafael Martinez Ortiz, Carlos Mendieta, Miguel Suarez, Casimiro Naya, Andres Callejas, Juan Fuentes, Hermenegildo Ponvert, Manuel Rivero, Ignacio Garcia, Salvador Morejon, Juan Bautista Spotorno, Salvador Gonzalez Tellez, Policarpo Madrigal, Miguel Espinosa, Luis Vilardell, Emilio Arteaga, Julio del Castillo, Ramon Boza, Luis Adam Galarreta, Manuel Lores, Manuel Estrada, Jose Pino Arrue, Bernardo Manduley, Jose Garcia Feria, Jose Pagliery, Carlos Gonzalez Clavel, Alberto Castellanos, Antonio Masferrer, Guillermo Fernandez Mascaro, Tranquilino Palencia, Manuel Fernandez Guevara, Santiago Ledo, Lino Dou, Francisco Audivert, Rafael Serra, Agustin Cebreco and Manuel Giraudy.
|
enwiki/32234400
|
enwiki
| 32,234,400 |
1908 Cuban general election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_Cuban_general_election
|
2025-02-08T17:38:39Z
|
en
|
Q5192068
| 89,001 |
{{Short description|General election held in Cuba}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1908 Cuban general election
| country = Cuba
| type = presidential
| election_date = 14 November 1908
| previous_election = 1905 Cuban general election
| previous_year = 1905
| next_election = 1912 Cuban general election
| next_year = 1912
| module = {{Infobox election
| embed = yes
| type = presidential
| election_name = Presidential election
| image1 = José Miguel Gómez.jpg
| nominee1 = '''[[José Miguel Gómez]]'''
| party1 = Liberal Coalition
| color1 = 75AADB
| popular_vote1 = '''201,199'''
| percentage1 = '''60.70%'''
| image2 = Portrait of Mario García Menocal.jpg
| nominee2 = [[Mario García Menocal]]
| party2 = National Conservative Party (Cuba)
| popular_vote2 = 130,256
| percentage2 = 39.30%
| title = [[List of Presidents of Cuba|President]]
| before_election = [[Tomás Estrada Palma]]
| before_party = [[Republican Party of Havana]]
| after_election = [[José Miguel Gómez]]
| after_party = [[Liberal Party of Cuba]]
}}}}{{Politics of Cuba}}
General elections were held in [[Cuba]] on 14 November 1908.<ref name=N1>[[Dieter Nohlen]] (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p203 {{ISBN|978-0-19-928357-6}}</ref> [[José Miguel Gómez]] won the presidential election running under the Liberal Coalition banner (an alliance of the Historical Liberal Party and the Zayista Liberal Party), whilst the coalition emerged as the largest faction in the [[Congress of Cuba|House of Representatives]], winning 49 of the 83 seats. Voter turnout was 71.0%.<ref>Nohlen, p204</ref>
Of the population of just over two million, less than half a million people were registered to vote.<ref>[https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919v02/d27 General Enoch H. Crowder to the Secretary of State] Office of the Historian</ref>
==Results==
===President===
{{Election results
|cand1=[[José Miguel Gómez]]|party1=Liberal Coalition|votes1=201199|color1=#75AADB
|cand2=[[Mario García Menocal]]|party2=[[National Conservative Party (Cuba)|National Conservative Party]]|votes2=130256
|invalid=
|electorate=466745
|source=Nohlen
}}
===Senate===
{{Election results
|image=[[File:Cuban Senate 1908.svg]]
|alliance1=Liberal Coalition|aspan1=3|party1=[[Zayista Liberal Party]]|votes1=|seats1=11|acolor1=#75AADB
|party2=[[Historical Liberal Party]]|seats2=5
|party3=Independents|seats3=8
|source=Nohlen
}}
The Senators elected were Alberto Nodarse, Antonio Maria Rubio, Manuel Lazo, Miguel Llaneras, Agustin Garcia Osuna, Antonio Gonzalo Perez, Cristobal de la Guardia, [[Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante]], Francisco Cuellar, Luis Fortun, Francisco Diaz Vega, Julian Godinez, Jose Maria Espinoza, Jose B. Aleman, Leopoldo Figueroa, Antonio Berenguer, Nicolas Guillen, Miguel Ramirez Carnesoltas, [[Salvador Cisneros Betancourt|Salvador Cisneros y Betancourt]], Tomas A. Recio, Luis Fernandez Marcane, Fidel G. Pierra, Erasmo Refeuiferos y Gonzalo Perez Andre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/RamiroGuerraHistoriaDeLaNacionCubanaTVIII/page/n51/mode/2up?q=superavit|title=Historia de la nación cubana Tomo VIII|year=1952}}</ref>
===House of Representatives===
{{Election results
|image=[[File:Cuban House 1908.svg]]
|party1=Liberal Coalition|votes1=|seats1=49|color1=#75AADB
|party2=[[National Conservative Party (Cuba)|National Conservative Party]]|votes2=|seats2=34
|source=Nohlen
}}
The elected members were: Atanasio Hernandez, Estanislao Cartana, Antonio San Miguel, Severo Moleon, jose A. Bec, Pablo Luciano Perez, Eduardo Dolz, jose Llorens, Lorenzo Arias, Juan M. Cabada, Luis Valdes Carrero, Enrique Collazo, Enrique Roig, Manuel Varona Suarez, Felipe Gonzalez Sarrain, Carlos Guas, Jose M. Cortina, Ezequiel Garcia, Miguel F. Viondi, Enrique Messonier, Mario Garcia Kohly, Francisco Pineiro, Jose Pereda Galvez, Rodolfo del Castillo, Ambrosio Borges, Carlos Armenteros Cardenas, Antonio Pardo Suarez, Jose A. Gonzalez Lanuza, Tomas Fernandez Boada, Santiago Cancio Bello, Antonio Fernandez Criado, Jose Bruzon Garcia, Ramiro Cuesta, Juan de la Cruz Alsina, Silverio Sanchez Figueras, Celso Cuellar del Rio, Roque E. Garrigo, Antonio Genova de Zayas, Miguel Arango, Juan Gonzalez Novo, Juan Felipe Risquet, Manuel Vera Verdura, Agustin Cruz, Orestes Ferrera, Pedor Albarran, Rafael Martinez Ortiz, Carlos Mendieta, Miguel Suarez, Casimiro Naya, Andres Callejas, Juan Fuentes, Hermenegildo Ponvert, Manuel Rivero, Ignacio Garcia, Salvador Morejon, Juan Bautista Spotorno, Salvador Gonzalez Tellez, Policarpo Madrigal, Miguel Espinosa, Luis Vilardell, Emilio Arteaga, Julio del Castillo, Ramon Boza, Luis Adam Galarreta, Manuel Lores, Manuel Estrada, Jose Pino Arrue, Bernardo Manduley, Jose Garcia Feria, Jose Pagliery, Carlos Gonzalez Clavel, Alberto Castellanos, Antonio Masferrer, Guillermo Fernandez Mascaro, Tranquilino Palencia, Manuel Fernandez Guevara, Santiago Ledo, Lino Dou, Francisco Audivert, Rafael Serra, Agustin Cebreco and Manuel Giraudy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/RamiroGuerraHistoriaDeLaNacionCubanaTVIII/page/n53/mode/2up?q=superavit|title=Historia de la nación cubana Tomo VIII|year=1952}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Cuban elections}}
[[Category:1908 elections in the Caribbean|Cuba]]
[[Category:1908 in Cuba|General]]
[[Category:Presidential elections in Cuba]]
[[Category:Parliamentary elections in Cuba]]
[[Category:November 1908 in North America|Cuba]]
[[Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results]]
| 1,274,677,997 |
[{"title": "1908 Cuban general election", "data": {"\u2190 1905": "14 November 1908 \u00b7 1912 \u2192", "Nominee": "Jos\u00e9 Miguel G\u00f3mez \u00b7 Mario Garc\u00eda Menocal", "Party": "Liberal Coalition \u00b7 PNC", "Popular vote": "201,199 \u00b7 130,256", "Percentage": "60.70% \u00b7 39.30%", "President before election \u00b7 Tom\u00e1s Estrada Palma \u00b7 Republican Party of Havana": "Elected President \u00b7 Jos\u00e9 Miguel G\u00f3mez \u00b7 Liberal Party of Cuba"}}]
| false |
# 16th Daytime Emmy Awards
The 16th Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Thursday, June 29, 1989, on NBC to commemorate excellence in daytime programming between March 6, 1988 and March 5, 1989. The awards aired from 3-5 p.m. EST, preempting Santa Barbara. Again this year, the awards ceremony was a joint presentation of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS) on the East Coast and the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (ATAS) on the West Coast. The ceremonies and live telecast was held at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. The non-televised Daytime Emmy Awards presentation for programs and individual achievement, primarily for excellence in creative arts categories, was held four days earlier on June 25. The ceremony did not have a formal host, but was announced by Don Pardo.
Winners in each category are in bold. Two winners were recorded in the Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Daytime Drama Series category, as a tie was recorded in the race between actresses Debbi Morgan and Nancy Lee Grahn.
## Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
- All My Children
- As the World Turns
- General Hospital
- Guiding Light
- Santa Barbara
- The Young and the Restless
## Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
- David Canary (Adam Chandler and Stuart Chandler, All My Children)
- James Mitchell (Palmer Cortlandt, All My Children)
- Douglass Watson (Mac Cory, Another World)
- Larry Bryggman (Dr. John Dixon, As the World Turns)
- A Martinez (Cruz Castillo, Santa Barbara)
## Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
- Susan Lucci (Erica Kane, All My Children)
- Elizabeth Hubbard (Lucinda Walsh, As the World Turns)
- Marcy Walker (Eden Capwell, Santa Barbara)
- Jeanne Cooper (Katherine Chancellor, The Young and the Restless)
## Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
- David Forsyth (Dr. John Hudson, Another World)
- Joseph Campanella (Harper Deveraux, Days of Our Lives)
- Justin Deas (Keith Timmons, Santa Barbara)
- Quinn Redeker (Brian Romalotti, The Young and the Restless)
## Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
- Debbi Morgan (Angie Hubbard, All My Children)
- Nancy Lee Grahn (Julia Wainwright, Santa Barbara)
- Jane Elliot (Anjelica Deveraux, Days of Our Lives)
- Arleen Sorkin (Calliope Jones, Days of Our Lives)
- Robin Mattson (Gina Blake, Santa Barbara)
## Outstanding Young Man in a Daytime Drama Series
- Andrew Kavovit (Paul Ryan, As the World Turns)
- Darrell Utley (Benjy Hawk, Days of Our Lives)
- Justin Gocke (Brandon Capwell, Santa Barbara)
## Outstanding Ingenue in a Daytime Drama Series
- Anne Heche (Marley Hudson and Vicky Hudson, Another World)
- Martha Byrne (Lily Walsh, As the World Turns)
- Kimberly McCullough (Robin Scorpio, General Hospital)
- Noelle Beck (Patricia Alden, Loving)
## Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing
- Another World
- Santa Barbara
- As the World Turns
- Guiding Light
## Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Directing
- As the World Turns
- The Young and the Restless
- Family Medical Center
- Loving
- One Life to Live
## Outstanding Game Show
- The $25,000 Pyramid - A Bob Stewart-Sande Stewart Production for CBS (Syn. by 20th Century Fox Television)
- Jeopardy! - A production of Merv Griffin Enterprises (Syn. by King World)
- The Price Is Right - A Mark Goodson Production for CBS
- Wheel of Fortune - A production of Merv Griffin Enterprises for NBC (Syn. by King World)
- Win, Lose or Draw - A Kilne & Friends Production for NBC (Syn. by Buena Vista Television)
## Outstanding Game Show Host/Hostess
- Alex Trebek (Jeopardy!)
- Dick Clark (The $25,000 Pyramid)
- Pat Sajak (Wheel of Fortune)
- Vicki Lawrence Schultz (Win, Lose or Draw)
## Outstanding Animated Program
- Karl Geurs, Mark Zaslove, Bruce Talkington and Carter Crocker (The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh)
- William Hanna, Joseph Barbera, Tom Ruegger, Ray Patterson, Lane Raichert, Bill Matheny and Laren Bright (A Pup Named Scooby-Doo)
- Bob Hathcock, Jymn Magon, Bruce Talkington and Len Uhley (DuckTales)
- Margaret Loesch, Jim Henson, Bob Richardson, John Ahern, Karen Peterson, Rudy Cataldi, Al Kouzel, Chuck Downs, Hank Saroyan, Sindy McKay and Larry Swerdlove (Muppet Babies)
- William Hanna, Joseph Barbera, Paul Sabella, Ray Patterson, Don Lusk, Paul Sommer, Bob Goe, Carl Urbano, Glenn Leopold, Sean Catherine Derek, Kevin Hopps, Bill Matheny, Reed Robbins and Ernie Contreras (The Smurfs)
## Outstanding Film Sound Mixing
- Jeffrey J. Haboush and Greg P. Russell (Muppet Babies)
## Outstanding Film Sound Editing (Tie)
- Al Breitenbach, Ron Fedele, Richard C. Allen, Steven D. Williams and Kenneth R. Burton (Muppet Babies)
- Steve Kirklys, Steve Michael, Peter Cole, Ken Dahlinger, Greg Teall and John Walker (Pee-wee's Playhouse: To Tell The Tooth)
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{{Emmys short description|1988|1989}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2010}}
{{Infobox award
| name = 16th Daytime Emmy Awards
| image =
| caption =
| date = {{unbulleted list
|June 29, 1989 {{small|(Ceremony)}}
|June 25, 1989 {{small|(Creative Arts Awards)}}
}}
| location = [[Waldorf-Astoria Hotel]]
| presenter = [[National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences]]
| host =
| award1_type = [[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series|Outstanding Drama Series]]
| award1_winner = ''[[Santa Barbara (TV series)|Santa Barbara]]''
| award2_type = [[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show|Outstanding Game Show]]
| award2_winner = ''[[Pyramid (game show)|The $25,000 Pyramid]]''
| network = [[NBC]]
| previous = [[15th Daytime Emmy Awards|15th]]
| main = {{nowrap|[[Daytime Emmy Award]]s}}
| next = [[17th Daytime Emmy Awards|17th]]
}}
The '''16th Daytime Emmy Awards''' were held on Thursday, June 29, 1989, on [[NBC]] to commemorate excellence in daytime programming between March 6, 1988 and March 5, 1989. The awards aired from 3-5 p.m. EST, preempting ''[[Santa Barbara (TV series)|Santa Barbara]]''. Again this year, the awards ceremony was a joint presentation of the [[National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences]] ([[NATAS]]) on the East Coast and the [[Academy of Television Arts and Sciences]] (ATAS) on the West Coast. The ceremonies and live telecast was held at the [[Waldorf-Astoria Hotel]] in New York City. The non-televised Daytime Emmy Awards presentation for programs and individual achievement, primarily for excellence in creative arts categories, was held four days earlier on June 25. The ceremony did not have a formal host, but was announced by [[Don Pardo]].
Winners in each category are in '''bold'''. Two winners were recorded in the Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Daytime Drama Series category, as a tie was recorded in the race between actresses Debbi Morgan and Nancy Lee Grahn.
==Outstanding Daytime Drama Series==
*''[[All My Children]]''
*''[[As the World Turns]]''
*''[[General Hospital]]''
*''[[Guiding Light]]''
*'''''[[Santa Barbara (TV series)|Santa Barbara]]'''''
*''[[The Young and the Restless]]''
==Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series==
*'''[[David Canary]]''' ('''[[Adam Chandler]] and [[Stuart Chandler]]''', ''All My Children'')
*[[James Mitchell (actor)|James Mitchell]] ([[Palmer Cortlandt]], ''All My Children'')
*[[Douglass Watson]] ([[Mac Cory]], ''[[Another World (TV series)|Another World]]'')
*[[Larry Bryggman]] (Dr. [[John Dixon (As the World Turns)|John Dixon]], ''As the World Turns'')
*[[A Martinez]] ([[Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo|Cruz Castillo]], ''Santa Barbara'')
==Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series==
*[[Susan Lucci]] ([[Erica Kane]], ''[[All My Children]]'')
*[[Elizabeth Hubbard]] ([[Lucinda Walsh]], ''[[As the World Turns]]'')
*'''[[Marcy Walker]]''' ('''[[Eden Capwell and Cruz Castillo|Eden Capwell]]''', ''[[Santa Barbara (TV series)|Santa Barbara]]'')
*[[Jeanne Cooper]] ([[Katherine Chancellor]], ''[[The Young and the Restless]]'')
==Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Daytime Drama Series==
*[[David Forsyth (actor)|David Forsyth]] (Dr. John Hudson, ''[[Another World (TV series)|Another World]]'')
*[[Joseph Campanella]] (Harper Deveraux, ''[[Days of Our Lives]]'')
*'''[[Justin Deas]]''' ('''Keith Timmons''', ''[[Santa Barbara (TV series)|Santa Barbara]]'')
*[[Quinn Redeker]] (Brian Romalotti, ''[[The Young and the Restless]]'')
==Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Daytime Drama Series==
*'''[[Debbi Morgan]]''' ('''[[Jesse Hubbard and Angie Baxter|Angie Hubbard]]''', ''[[All My Children]]'')
*'''[[Nancy Lee Grahn]]''' ('''[[Julia Wainwright Capwell|Julia Wainwright]]''', ''[[Santa Barbara (TV series)|Santa Barbara]]'')
*[[Jane Elliot]] (Anjelica Deveraux, ''[[Days of Our Lives]]'')
*[[Arleen Sorkin]] ([[Calliope Jones]], ''[[Days of Our Lives]]'')
*[[Robin Mattson]] ([[Gina DeMott Capwell|Gina Blake]], ''[[Santa Barbara (TV series)|Santa Barbara]]'')
==Outstanding Young Man in a Daytime Drama Series==
*[[Andrew Kavovit]] ([[Paul Ryan (As the World Turns)|Paul Ryan]], ''[[As the World Turns]]'')
*Darrell Utley (Benjy Hawk, ''[[Days of Our Lives]]'')
*'''[[Justin Gocke]] (Brandon Capwell, ''[[Santa Barbara (TV series)|Santa Barbara]]''''')
==Outstanding Ingenue in a Daytime Drama Series==
*[[Anne Heche]] ([[Marley Hudson]] and [[Vicky Hudson]], ''[[Another World (TV series)|Another World]]'')
*[[Martha Byrne]] ([[Lily Walsh Snyder|Lily Walsh]], ''[[As the World Turns]]'')
*'''[[Kimberly McCullough]]''' ([[Robin Scorpio]], ''[[General Hospital]]'')
*[[Noelle Beck]] (Patricia Alden, ''[[Loving (TV series)|Loving]]'')
==Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing==
* ''[[Another World (TV series)|Another World]]''
* '''''[[Santa Barbara (TV series)|Santa Barbara]]'''''
* ''[[As the World Turns]]''
* ''[[Guiding Light]]''
==Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Directing==
* ''[[As the World Turns]]''
* '''''[[The Young and the Restless]]'''''
* ''[[Family Medical Center]]''
* ''[[Loving (TV series)|Loving]]''
* ''[[One Life to Live]]''
==Outstanding Game Show==
*'''''[[The $25,000 Pyramid]]''''' - A [[Bob Stewart (television producer)|Bob Stewart]]-Sande Stewart Production for CBS (Syn. by [[20th Century Fox Television]])
*''[[Jeopardy!]]'' - A production of [[Merv Griffin Enterprises]] (Syn. by [[King World Productions|King World]])
*''[[The Price Is Right (American game show)|The Price Is Right]]'' - A [[Mark Goodson]] Production for CBS
*''[[Wheel of Fortune (American game show)|Wheel of Fortune]]'' - A production of Merv Griffin Enterprises for NBC (Syn. by [[King World]])
*''[[Win, Lose or Draw]]'' - A Kilne & Friends Production for NBC (Syn. by [[Buena Vista Television]])
==Outstanding Game Show Host/Hostess==
*'''[[Alex Trebek]]''' (''Jeopardy!'')
*[[Dick Clark]] (''The $25,000 Pyramid'')
*[[Pat Sajak]] (''Wheel of Fortune'')
*[[Vicki Lawrence|Vicki Lawrence Schultz]] (''Win, Lose or Draw'')
==[[Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Animated Program|Outstanding Animated Program]]==
*'''Karl Geurs, [[Mark Zaslove]], Bruce Talkington and Carter Crocker (''[[The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh]]'')'''
*[[William Hanna]], [[Joseph Barbera]], [[Tom Ruegger]], [[Ray Patterson (animator)|Ray Patterson]], Lane Raichert, Bill Matheny and Laren Bright (''[[A Pup Named Scooby-Doo]]'')
*Bob Hathcock, [[Jymn Magon]], Bruce Talkington and Len Uhley (''[[DuckTales (1987 TV series)|DuckTales]]'')
*[[Margaret Loesch]], [[Jim Henson]], [[Bob Richardson (animator)|Bob Richardson]], John Ahern, Karen Peterson, Rudy Cataldi, Al Kouzel, Chuck Downs, Hank Saroyan, Sindy McKay and Larry Swerdlove (''[[Muppet Babies (1984 TV series)|Muppet Babies]]'')
*[[William Hanna]], [[Joseph Barbera]], Paul Sabella, [[Ray Patterson (animator)|Ray Patterson]], Don Lusk, Paul Sommer, Bob Goe, [[Carl Urbano]], [[Glenn Leopold]], [[Sean Catherine Derek]], Kevin Hopps, Bill Matheny, Reed Robbins and Ernie Contreras (''[[The Smurfs (1981 TV series)|The Smurfs]]'')
==Outstanding Film Sound Mixing==
*'''[[Jeffrey J. Haboush]] and [[Greg P. Russell]] (''[[Muppet Babies (1984 TV series)|Muppet Babies]]'')'''
==Outstanding Film Sound Editing (Tie)==
*'''Al Breitenbach, Ron Fedele, Richard C. Allen, Steven D. Williams and Kenneth R. Burton (''[[Muppet Babies (1984 TV series)|Muppet Babies]]'')'''
*'''Steve Kirklys, Steve Michael, Peter Cole, Ken Dahlinger, Greg Teall and John Walker (''[[Pee-wee's Playhouse]]: To Tell The Tooth'')'''
==External links==
*{{cite web | title =Daytime Emmy Awards | publisher =[[Internet Movie Database]] | year =1989| url =https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000206/1989}}
{{EmmyAwardsbyYear}}
[[Category:Daytime Emmy Award ceremonies|016]]
[[Category:1989 television awards|Daytime Emmy Awards]]
| 1,267,322,073 |
[{"title": "16th Daytime Emmy Awards", "data": {"Date": "- June 29, 1989 (Ceremony) - June 25, 1989 (Creative Arts Awards)", "Location": "Waldorf-Astoria Hotel", "Presented by": "National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences"}}, {"title": "Highlights", "data": {"Outstanding Drama Series": "Santa Barbara", "Outstanding Game Show": "The $25,000 Pyramid"}}, {"title": "Television/radio coverage", "data": {"Network": "NBC"}}]
| false |
# 1920s in anthropology
- 1910s
- 1920s in anthropology
- 1930s
- Comics
- Fashion
- Music
- Science and technology
- Sociology
- Television
Timeline of anthropology, 1920–1929
## Events
1922
- Nanook of the North is released in theatres.
1924
- Taung child fossil discovered.
## Publications
1921
- Language: An Introduction To The Study Of Speech by Edward Sapir
1922
- Argonauts of the Western Pacific by Bronislaw Malinowski
1925
- Handbook of the Indians of California by Alfred Kroeber
1927
- Sex and Repression in Savage Society by Bronislaw Malinowski
1928
- Coming of Age in Samoa by Margaret Mead
## Births
1921
- Mary Douglas
1922
- Sidney Mintz
1924
- Colin Turnbull
1925
- Kathleen Aberle
- Carlos Castaneda
- Frantz Fanon
- Ernest Gellner
- Claude Meillassoux
1926
- Nakane Chie
- Clifford Geertz
- Robert Paine[1]
- Roy Rappaport
1927
- Elizabeth Warnock Fernea
- Marvin Harris
- Dell Hymes
1928
- Fredrik Barth
- William Bright
- Noam Chomsky
## Deaths
1921
- James Mooney
1922
- W. H. R. Rivers
1928
- Pliny Earle Goddard
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{{short description|none}}
{{Decade in topic sidebar}}
Timeline of [[anthropology]], 1920–1929
==Events==
'''1922'''
*''[[Nanook of the North]]'' is released in theatres.
'''1924'''
*''[[Taung child]]'' fossil discovered.
==Publications==
'''1921'''
*''Language: An Introduction To The Study Of Speech'' by [[Edward Sapir]]
'''1922'''
*''Argonauts of the Western Pacific'' by [[Bronislaw Malinowski]]
'''1925'''
*''Handbook of the Indians of California'' by [[Alfred Kroeber]]
'''1927'''
*''[[Sex and Repression in Savage Society]]'' by [[Bronislaw Malinowski]]
'''1928'''
*''[[Coming of Age in Samoa]]'' by [[Margaret Mead]]
==Births==
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2014}}
'''1921'''
*[[Mary Douglas]]
'''1922'''
*[[Sidney Mintz]]
'''1924'''
*[[Colin Turnbull]]
'''1925'''
*[[Kathleen Aberle]]
*[[Carlos Castaneda]]
*[[Frantz Fanon]]
*[[Ernest Gellner]]
*[[Claude Meillassoux]]
'''1926'''
*[[Nakane Chie]]
*[[Clifford Geertz]]
*[[Robert Paine (anthropologist)|Robert Paine]]<ref>{{cite journal |title=Robert Paine: 1926-2010 |author=Cohen, Anthony |journal=Anthropology Today |date=October 2010 |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=24}}</ref>
*[[Roy Rappaport]]
'''1927'''
*[[Elizabeth Warnock Fernea]]
*[[Marvin Harris]]
*[[Dell Hymes]]
'''1928'''
*[[Fredrik Barth]]
*[[William Bright]]
*[[Noam Chomsky]]
== Deaths==
'''1921'''
*[[James Mooney]]
'''1922'''
*[[W. H. R. Rivers]]
'''1928'''
*[[Pliny Earle Goddard]]
==See also==
{{History of anthropology}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1920-1929 In Anthropology}}
[[Category:Anthropology by decade]]
[[Category:1920s in science|Anthropology]]
[[Category:Anthropology timelines]]
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[]
| false |
# 120 mm gun M1
The 120 mm gun M1 was the United States Army's standard super-heavy anti-aircraft gun during World War II and the Korean War, complementing the smaller and more mobile M2 90 mm gun in service. Its maximum altitude was about 60,000 ft (18,000 m), which earned it the nickname stratosphere gun.
The M1 gun was used by the Army for air defense from 1944 to 1960, serving primarily in static defensive roles, although it had been designed to be mobile. It became obsolete with the development of anti-aircraft missiles and was phased out after 1954. However, a derivative mounted in the M103 tank served in that capacity until 1974.
## History
The United States Army first worked on a 120 mm gun after the end of World War I, with a prototype being presented in 1924. The system was considered far too heavy and expensive to be useful, and the project slowed, although it was never canceled outright.
In 1938, the Army reviewed its needs for newer AA systems and decided to order new systems for both the heavy and super-heavy role. The former was filled by the new M1 90 mm gun, which replaced the earlier M3 3-inch gun then in use. For the super-heavy role, the 120 mm gun design was dusted off and mated to a new eight-wheel carriage, designated 4.7-inch M1 when it was accepted in 1940.
Like the 90 mm, the M1 gun was typically operated in a battery of four guns, initially with an associated searchlight, SCR-268 radar (replaced later by the much-improved SCR-584), M10 gun director, and M4 Gun Data Computer that automatically laid the guns. The M6 tractor was used as the prime mover.
The M1 gun entered service late in World War II. One battalion of M1 guns, the 513th AAA Gun Battalion, was deployed in the Philippines in February 1945, but never fired on any hostile aircraft.
After World War II ended and the Cold War with the Soviet Union began, M1 guns were deployed in many locations in the U.S. and Canada. To defend against long range Soviet Tu-4 bomber attack, the Army Anti-Aircraft Command (ARAACOM) formed 44 active duty and 22 National Guard battalions equipped with M1 guns, divided into seven brigades and 20 anti-aircraft artillery groups. Two Canadian anti-aircraft battalions were also equipped with M1 guns for the joint defense of the Soo Locks. These guns were guided by the long range Lashup Radar Network equipped with AN/CPS-5. M1 guns were deployed for the protection of nuclear production facilities, major industrial centers, strategic air force bases, and select major population centers.
In 1954, the MIM-3 Nike Ajax surface-to-air missile became operational with ARAACOM. It substantially outranged the M1 gun, rendering it obsolete. ARAACOM began retiring the M1 gun from active-duty units and then from National Guard units. Then in 1957, the Soviet Union introduced the R-7, its first ICBM, and the M1 gun became practically useless. By January 1960, all remaining National Guard units with M1 guns were converted to Nike missiles or deactivated.
## Modification as a tank gun
Design studies began in early 1945 to modify the design of the M1 for use as an armament in heavy tank programs, the result of these being designated 120 mm gun T53. Two T30 Heavy Tank chassis were diverted to fit the gun, resulting in the T34 Heavy Tank. Firing tests revealed issues with fumes from the gun entering the turret, causing flarebacks and a high concentration of toxic gases in the fighting compartment. As a result of this, the design of the gun was modified to fit a bore evacuator.
In 1948, a new heavy tank project T43, later to become the M103, was proposed to use a lightened version of the T53. This gun, 120mm gun T122, was ballistically identical to the earlier model. The design was further evolved with the T123 design increasing the powder pressure from 38,000 to 48,000 psi (260 to 330 MPa), before finally introducing a quick change gun tube with the T123E1. In this form the design was standardized as 120 mm gun M58, which would see service in production M103s.
While the T123 design was still evolving the British Army adopted the gun in a modified form designated as the Royal Ordnance OQF 120mm Tank L1. This was to be the main armament of the Heavy Gun Tanks FV214 Conqueror and FV4004 Conway. The L1 would be produced in two variants, with a thread for a muzzle brake present on the L1A1 but deleted on the L1A2.
## Weapons of comparable role, performance and era
- 12.8 cm FlaK 40
- 130 mm air defense gun KS-30
- 152 mm air defense gun KM-52
- QF 4.5-inch Mk I – V naval gun
- Type 3 12 cm AA gun
## Bibliography
- TM 9-2300 Standard Artillery and Fire Control Materiel dated 1944
- TM 9-380
- SNL D-32
- Hunnicutt, Richard Pearce (1988). Firepower: A History of the American Heavy Tank. Novato, California: Presidio Press. ISBN 0-89141-304-9.
- Griffin, Rob (1999). Conqueror. Ramsbury, Wiltshire: The Crowood Press. pp. 113–116. ISBN 1-86126-251-5.
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{{Infobox weapon
| image = 120 mm M1 gun 1.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption = 120 mm M1 anti-aircraft gun at [[United States Army Ordnance Museum|US Army Ordnance Museum]]
| origin = United States
| type = [[Anti-aircraft warfare|Anti-aircraft gun]]
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged =
| is_bladed =
| is_explosive =
| is_artillery = yes
| is_vehicle =
| is_missile =
| is_UK = <!-- Service history -->
| service = 1944–1960
| used_by = [[United States Army|U.S. Army]]
| wars = [[World War II]]<br>[[Korean War]]
<!-- Production history -->| designer =
| design_date =
| manufacturer =
| unit_cost =
| production_date =
| number =
| variants = <!-- General specifications -->
| spec_label =
| weight = {{convert|64000|lb|kg|abbr=on}}
| length = 24½ feet (7.39 m)
| part_length = 23½ feet (7.16 m)
| width =
| height =
| diameter =
| crew = 13 (gun commander, gunner with eight man squad, ammunition chief supervising two ammunition handlers)
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->| cartridge = 120 × 775 mm R
| cartridge_weight = {{convert|50|lb|kg|1|abbr=in}}
| caliber = 120 mm L/60
| barrels = 1
| action = power rammer
| rate = 12 rpm
| velocity = 3,100 ft/s (945 m/s)
| range =
| max_range = 82,000 ft (25,000 m), 57,500 ft (17,500 m) maximum altitude
| feed =
| sights = <!-- Artillery specifications -->
| breech = Vertical [[Rifled breech loader#The sliding block|sliding-wedge]]
| recoil = [[Hydraulic recoil mechanism|Hydro-pneumatic]]
| carriage = towed
| elevation = 80 degrees
| traverse = 360 degrees
<!-- Explosive specifications -->| filling =
| filling_weight =
| detonation =
| yield =
| name = 120mm gun M1
}}
The '''120 mm gun M1''' was the [[United States Army]]'s standard super-heavy [[anti-aircraft gun]] during [[World War II]] and the [[Korean War]], complementing the smaller and more mobile [[90 mm M3 gun|M2 90 mm gun]] in service. Its maximum altitude was about {{convert|60000|ft|m|abbr=on}}, which earned it the nickname ''stratosphere gun''.
The M1 gun was used by the Army for air defense from 1944 to 1960, serving primarily in static defensive roles, although it had been designed to be mobile. It became obsolete with the development of anti-aircraft missiles and was phased out after 1954. However, a derivative mounted in the [[M103 (heavy tank)|M103 tank]] served in that capacity until 1974.
==History==
The United States Army first worked on a 120 mm gun after the end of [[World War I]], with a prototype being presented in 1924. The system was considered far too heavy and expensive to be useful, and the project slowed, although it was never canceled outright.
In 1938, the Army reviewed its needs for newer AA systems and decided to order new systems for both the heavy and super-heavy role. The former was filled by the new [[90 mm M3 gun|M1 90 mm gun]], which replaced the earlier [[3-inch M1918 gun|M3 3-inch gun]] then in use. For the super-heavy role, the 120 mm gun design was dusted off and mated to a new eight-wheel carriage, designated '''4.7-inch M1''' when it was accepted in 1940.
Like the 90 mm, the M1 gun was typically operated in a battery of four guns, initially with an associated [[searchlight]], [[SCR-268]] radar (replaced later by the much-improved [[SCR-584]]), [[Director (Military)|M10 gun director]], and M4 [[Gun Data Computer]] that automatically laid the guns. The [[M6 tractor]] was used as the prime mover.
The M1 gun entered service late in [[World War II]]. One battalion of M1 guns, the 513th AAA Gun Battalion, was deployed in the Philippines in February 1945, but never fired on any hostile aircraft.
After World War II ended and the [[Cold War]] with the [[Soviet Union]] began, M1 guns were deployed in many locations in the U.S. and Canada. To defend against long range Soviet [[Tu-4]] bomber attack, the [[Air Defense Artillery Branch (United States)|Army Anti-Aircraft Command]] (ARAACOM) formed 44 active duty and 22 [[National Guard of the United States|National Guard]] battalions equipped with M1 guns, divided into seven brigades and 20 anti-aircraft artillery groups. Two Canadian anti-aircraft battalions were also equipped with M1 guns for the joint defense of the [[Soo Locks]]. These guns were guided by the long range [[Lashup Radar Network]] equipped with [[AN/CPS-5]]. M1 guns were deployed for the protection of nuclear production facilities, major industrial centers, strategic air force bases, and select major population centers.
In 1954, the [[MIM-3 Nike Ajax]] surface-to-air missile became operational with ARAACOM. It substantially outranged the M1 gun, rendering it obsolete. ARAACOM began retiring the M1 gun from active-duty units and then from National Guard units. Then in 1957, the Soviet Union introduced the [[R-7 (missile)|R-7]], its first [[ICBM]], and the M1 gun became practically useless. By January 1960, all remaining National Guard units with M1 guns were converted to Nike missiles or deactivated.
==Modification as a tank gun==
[[File:The 120 mm T53 gun used in the Heavy Tank T34.jpg|thumb|The 120 mm gun T53 intended for the [[T34 heavy tank]].]]
Design studies began in early 1945 to modify the design of the M1 for use as an armament in heavy tank programs, the result of these being designated '''120 mm gun T53'''. Two [[T30 Heavy Tank]] chassis were diverted to fit the gun, resulting in the [[T34 Heavy Tank]]. Firing tests revealed issues with fumes from the gun entering the turret, causing flarebacks and a high concentration of toxic gases in the fighting compartment. As a result of this, the design of the gun was modified to fit a [[bore evacuator]].<ref>{{harv | Hunnicutt | 1988 | p=98}}</ref>
In 1948, a new heavy tank project [[M103 (heavy tank)|T43]], later to become the M103, was proposed to use a lightened version of the T53. This gun, 120mm gun T122, was ballistically identical to the earlier model. The design was further evolved with the T123 design increasing the powder pressure from {{convert|38000|to|48000|psi|MPa|abbr=on}}, before finally introducing a quick change gun tube with the T123E1. In this form the design was standardized as '''{{Ill|120 mm gun M58|zh|M58 120毫米坦克炮}}''', which would see service in production M103s.<ref>{{harv | Hunnicutt | 1988 | p=125}}</ref>
While the T123 design was still evolving the British Army adopted the gun in a modified form designated as the Royal Ordnance OQF 120mm Tank L1. This was to be the main armament of the Heavy Gun Tanks [[Conqueror (tank)|FV214 Conqueror]] and [[Centurion (tank)#FV 4004 Conway|FV4004 Conway]]. The L1 would be produced in two variants, with a thread for a muzzle brake present on the L1A1 but deleted on the L1A2.<ref>{{harv | Griffin | 1999 | p=113}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation]] (SNL D-32)
* [[Director (military)]]
* [[Rangekeeper]]
* [[Gun Data Computer]]
* [[Fire-control system]]
* [[Kerrison Predictor]]
==Weapons of comparable role, performance and era==
* [[12.8 cm FlaK 40]]
* [[130 mm air defense gun KS-30]]
* [[152 mm air defense gun KM-52]]
* [[QF 4.5-inch Mk I – V naval gun]]
* [[Type 3 12 cm AA gun]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* TM 9-2300 Standard Artillery and Fire Control Materiel dated 1944
* TM 9-380
* SNL D-32
* {{cite book |last1=Hunnicutt |first1=Richard Pearce |author1-link= R. P. Hunnicutt |title=Firepower: A History of the American Heavy Tank |year=1988 |publisher=Presidio Press |location=Novato, California |isbn=0-89141-304-9 |pages=|chapter= |url=https://archive.org/details/firepowerhistory0000hunn}}
* {{cite book |last1=Griffin |first1=Rob |author1-link= |title=Conqueror|year=1999 |publisher=The Crowood Press |location=Ramsbury, Wiltshire |isbn=1-86126-251-5 |pages=113–116|chapter= |url=}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{WWIIUSGuns}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:120 Mm M1 Gun}}
[[Category:World War II anti-aircraft guns]]
[[Category:Anti-aircraft guns of the United States]]
[[Category:Tank guns of the United States]]
[[Category:120 mm artillery]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1944]]
| 1,262,605,933 |
[{"title": "120mm gun M1", "data": {"Type": "Anti-aircraft gun", "Place of origin": "United States"}}, {"title": "Service history", "data": {"In service": "1944\u20131960", "Used by": "U.S. Army", "Wars": "World War II \u00b7 Korean War"}}, {"title": "Specifications", "data": {"Mass": "64,000 lb (29,000 kg)", "Length": "24\u00bd feet (7.39 m)", "Barrel length": "23\u00bd feet (7.16 m)", "Crew": "13 (gun commander, gunner with eight man squad, ammunition chief supervising two ammunition handlers)", "Shell": "120 \u00d7 775 mm R", "Shell weight": "50 lb (22.7 kilograms)", "Caliber": "120 mm L/60", "Barrels": "1", "Breech": "Vertical sliding-wedge", "Recoil": "Hydro-pneumatic", "Carriage": "towed", "Elevation": "80 degrees", "Traverse": "360 degrees", "Rate of fire": "12 rpm", "Muzzle velocity": "3,100 ft/s (945 m/s)", "Maximum firing range": "82,000 ft (25,000 m), 57,500 ft (17,500 m) maximum altitude"}}]
| false |
# 12th International Film Festival of India
The 12th International Film Festival of India was held from 10-24 January 1989 in New Delhi. The festival was made non-competitive following a decision taken in August 1988 by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting that festivals in future will be non-competitive and all festivals would be called International Film Festival of India (IFFI). The "Filmotsavs" and IFFI 90-91-92 together constituted 23 editions of the festival. From the 1990 edition, the IFFI was decided to be held for 10 days.
|
enwiki/56274247
|
enwiki
| 56,274,247 |
12th International Film Festival of India
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_International_Film_Festival_of_India
|
2022-11-26T14:03:25Z
|
en
|
Q48733379
| 33,436 |
{{short description|Indian film festival}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number =12
| award = International Film Festival of India
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| awarded_for = Best of World cinema
| award_org =
| presenting_org = [[Directorate of Film Festivals]]
| announced_date =
| presented_date =
| host =
| website = {{URL|http://www.iffigoa.org/}}
| lifetime_achievement =
| best_feature =
| last = 11th
| next = 13th
}}
The '''12th [[International Film Festival of India]]''' was held from 10-24 January 1989 in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=130560|title=English Releases|publisher=}}</ref> The festival was made non-competitive following a decision taken in August 1988 by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting that festivals in future will be non-competitive and all festivals would be called International Film Festival of India (IFFI).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm12IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=12IIFA.pdf# |title=Directorate of Film Festival |access-date=2018-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231211420/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm12IIFAAward.aspx?PdfName=12IIFA.pdf# |archive-date=2017-12-31 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The "Filmotsavs" and IFFI 90-91-92 together constituted 23 editions of the festival. From the 1990 edition, the IFFI was decided to be held for 10 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rrtd.nic.in/iffi-2002.htm|title=International Film Festival in India|website=rrtd.nic.in|access-date=31 March 2020|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041121093039/http://rrtd.nic.in/iffi-2002.htm|archive-date=21 November 2004}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{International Film Festival of India|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:1989 film festivals]]
[[Category:International Film Festival of India|12th]]
[[Category:1989 in Indian cinema]]
| 1,123,935,559 |
[{"title": "12th International Film Festival of India", "data": {"Awarded for": "Best of World cinema", "Presented by": "Directorate of Film Festivals", "Official website": "www.iffigoa.org"}}]
| false |
# 1908 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
The 1908 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 21st staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.
Dungourney were the defending champions.
Blackrock won the championship following a 4–11 to 2–3 defeat of Midleton in the final. This was their 10th championship title overall and their first title in five championship seasons.
## Results
### Semi-finals
| 11 October 1908 Semi-final | Blackrock | 3-08 - 0-06 | St. Finbarr's | Cork Athletic Grounds |
### Final
| 18 October 1908 Final | Blackrock | 4-11 - 2-03 | Midleton | Carrignafoy Ground |
### Miscellaneous
- Midleton qualify for the final for the first time.
|
enwiki/55778209
|
enwiki
| 55,778,209 |
1908 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_Cork_Senior_Hurling_Championship
|
2023-06-30T02:56:32Z
|
en
|
Q48797318
| 59,674 |
{{Short description|Annual hurling competition season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use Hiberno-English|date=July 2021}}
{{infobox hurling championship
| name = 1908 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
| champions = [[File:Colours of Kerry.svg|20px|Border]] [[Blackrock GAA|Blackrock]]
| champions captain = [[Tom Coughlan (hurler)|Tom Coughlan]]
| count = 10
| runners-up = [[File:Colours of Sligo.svg|20px|Border]] [[Midleton GAA|Midleton]]
| previous year = 1907
| previous tournament = 1907 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
| next year = 1909
| next tournament = 1909 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
}}
The '''1908 Cork Senior Hurling Championship''' was the 21st staging of the [[Cork Senior Hurling Championship]] since its establishment by the [[Cork GAA|Cork County Board]] in 1887.
[[Dungourney GAA|Dungourney]] were the [[1907 Cork Senior Hurling Championship|defending champions]].
[[Blackrock GAA|Blackrock]] won the championship following a 4–11 to 2–3 defeat of [[Midleton GAA|Midleton]] in the final.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoganstand.com/Cork/Titles.aspx|title=County championship roll of honour|publisher=Hogan Stand|access-date=10 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714164158/http://www.hoganstand.com/cork/Titles.aspx|archive-date=2014-07-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> This was their 10th championship title overall and their first title in five championship seasons.
==Results==
===Semi-finals===
{{footballbox collapsible
| date = 11 October 1908
| round = Semi-final
| team1 = [[Blackrock GAA|Blackrock]]
| score = 3-08 - 0-06
| team2 = [[St. Finbarr's GAA|St. Finbarr's]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Cork Athletic Grounds]]
| referee =
}}
===Final===
{{footballbox collapsible
| date = 18 October 1908
| round = Final
| team1 = [[Blackrock GAA|Blackrock]]
| score = 4-11 - 2-03
| team2 = [[Midleton GAA|Midleton]]
| stadium = [[Cobh GAA|Carrignafoy Ground]]
}}
===Miscellaneous===
* [[Midleton GAA|Midleton]] qualify for the final for the first time.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Cork Senior Hurling Championships}}
[[Category:1908 senior hurling county championships|Cork Senior Hurling Championship]]
[[Category:Cork Senior Hurling Championship]]
{{Hurling-competition-stub}}
| 1,162,596,288 |
[{"title": "1908 Cork Senior Hurling Championship", "data": {"Champions": "Blackrock (10th title) \u00b7 Tom Coughlan (captain)", "Runners-up": "Midleton"}}, {"title": "Runners-up", "data": {"\u2190 1907 (Previous)": "(Next) 1909 \u2192"}}]
| false |
# 1910 South Carolina gubernatorial election
The 1910 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1910, to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Coleman Livingston Blease won the Democratic primary and ran unopposed in the general election to become the 90th governor of South Carolina.
## Democratic primary
### Candidates
- Cole L. Blease, State Senator from Newberry
- John T. Duncan
- Claudius Cyprian Featherstone, Laurens County attorney
- F.H. Hyatt
- Thomas Gordon McLeod, Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina
- John Gardiner Richards, Jr., State Representative from Liberty Hill, Kershaw County
By 1910, the South Carolina Democratic Party had split into two factions: the well-to-do farmers with ties to Clemson College, and the tenant farmers who largely did not benefit from many of the proposals instituted by Benjamin Tillman and his followers. Many of these poor farmers escaped the fields to the relative prosperity of a mill town. Coleman Livingston Blease, a lawyer from Newberry, sought to portray himself as the candidate for the downtrodden and oppressed white man who had not benefited from the Tillman era. Blease and prohibitionist candidate Claudius Cyprian Featherstone emerged as the front runners in the Democratic primary on August 30. Featherstone and his conservative allies attacked Blease for his coarse behavior, similar to A.C. Haskell's attacks on Tillman in the gubernatorial election of 1890, but once again the attacks only strengthened the candidacy of the antagonist. On September 13, Blease won by just over 5,000 votes in the runoff to essentially become the next governor of South Carolina because there was no opposition in the general election.
### Results
| Democratic Primary | Democratic Primary | Democratic Primary |
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ |
| Coleman Livingston Blease | 33,411 | 31.7 |
| Claudius Cyprian Featherstone | 30,045 | 28.5 |
| Thomas Gordon McLeod | 25,263 | 24.0 |
| John Gardiner Richards, Jr. | 9,770 | 9.3 |
| F.H. Hyatt | 5,436 | 5.1 |
| John T. Duncan | 1,436 | 1.4 |
### Runoff results
| Democratic Primary Runoff | Democratic Primary Runoff | Democratic Primary Runoff | Democratic Primary Runoff |
| Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------------- |
| Coleman Livingston Blease | 56,250 | 52.6 | +20.9 |
| Claudius Cyprian Featherstone | 50,605 | 47.4 | +18.9 |
## General election
The general election was held on November 8, 1910, and Coleman Livingston Blease was elected the next governor of South Carolina without opposition. Being a non-presidential election and few contested races, turnout was much less than the previous gubernatorial election.
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------- | ------------------------- | ------ | ---- | ---- |
| | Democratic | Coleman Livingston Blease | 30,832 | 99.8 | −0.2 |
| | Socialist | F. N. U. Thompson | 70 | 0.2 | +0.2 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 30,762 | 99.6 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 30,902 | | |
| | Democratic hold | | | | |
|
enwiki/7371809
|
enwiki
| 7,371,809 |
1910 South Carolina gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910_South_Carolina_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-31T02:55:23Z
|
en
|
Q7566683
| 262,333 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1910 South Carolina Democratic gubernatorial primary runoff
| country = South Carolina
| flag_year = 1910
| flag_image =
| type = presidential
| vote_type = Popular <!-- default -->
| ongoing =
| party_colour =
| party_name = Democratic Party (US)
| previous_election = 1908 South Carolina gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1908
| election_date = {{Start date|1910|09|13}}
| next_election = 1912 South Carolina gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1912
| image_size = x150px
| image1 = File:Coleman L Blease (cropped).jpg
| candidate1 = '''[[Cole Blease]]'''
| party1 = Democratic Party (US)
| popular_vote1 = '''56,250'''
| percentage1 = '''52.6%'''
| image2 = File:3x4.svg
| candidate2 = [[C. C. Featherstone]]
| party2 = Democratic Party (US)
| popular_vote2 = 50,605
| percentage2 = 47.4%
| title = [[Governor of South Carolina]]
| before_election = [[Martin Frederick Ansel]]
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| posttitle =
| after_election = [[Coleman Livingston Blease]]
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsSC}}
The '''1910 South Carolina gubernatorial election''' was held on November 8, 1910, to select the [[Governor of South Carolina|governor]] of the state of [[South Carolina]]. [[Coleman Livingston Blease]] won the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] primary and ran unopposed in the general election to become the [[List of Governors of South Carolina|90th governor]] of South Carolina.
==Democratic primary==
===Candidates===
*[[Cole L. Blease]], State Senator from [[Newberry, South Carolina|Newberry]]
*John T. Duncan
*[[Claudius Cyprian Featherstone]], [[Laurens County, South Carolina|Laurens County]] attorney
*F.H. Hyatt
*[[Thomas Gordon McLeod]], Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina
*[[John Gardiner Richards, Jr.]], State Representative from [[Liberty Hill, South Carolina|Liberty Hill]], [[Kershaw County, South Carolina|Kershaw County]]
By 1910, the [[South Carolina Democratic Party]] had split into two factions: the well-to-do farmers with ties to [[Clemson College]], and the tenant farmers who largely did not benefit from many of the proposals instituted by [[Benjamin Tillman]] and his followers. Many of these poor farmers escaped the fields to the relative prosperity of a mill town. [[Coleman Livingston Blease]], a lawyer from [[Newberry, South Carolina|Newberry]], sought to portray himself as the candidate for the downtrodden and oppressed white man who had not benefited from the Tillman era. Blease and prohibitionist candidate [[Claudius Cyprian Featherstone]] emerged as the front runners in the Democratic [[Partisan primary|primary]] on August 30. Featherstone and his conservative allies attacked Blease for his coarse behavior, similar to [[Alexander Cheves Haskell|A.C. Haskell]]'s attacks on Tillman in the [[South Carolina gubernatorial election, 1890|gubernatorial election of 1890]], but once again the attacks only strengthened the candidacy of the antagonist. On September 13, Blease won by just over 5,000 votes in the [[Two-round system|runoff]] to essentially become the next governor of South Carolina because there was no opposition in the general election.
===Results===
{| class="wikitable" align="left" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; font-size: 95%;"
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="3" | Democratic Primary
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="1" style="width: 170px"|Candidate
! style="width: 50px"|Votes
! style="width: 40px"|%
|-
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| '''[[Coleman Livingston Blease]]'''
| align="right" | '''33,411'''
| align="right" | '''31.7'''
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| [[Claudius Cyprian Featherstone]]
| align="right" | 30,045
| align="right" | 28.5
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| [[Thomas Gordon McLeod]]
| align="right" | 25,263
| align="right" | 24.0
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| [[John Gardiner Richards, Jr.]]
| align="right" | 9,770
| align="right" | 9.3
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| F.H. Hyatt
| align="right" | 5,436
| align="right" | 5.1
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| John T. Duncan
| align="right" | 1,436
| align="right" | 1.4
|-
|}
===Runoff results===
{| class="wikitable" align="left" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; font-size: 95%;"
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="4" | Democratic Primary Runoff
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="1" style="width: 170px"|Candidate
! style="width: 50px"|Votes
! style="width: 40px"|%
! style="width: 40px"|±%
|-
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| '''[[Coleman Livingston Blease]]'''
| align="right" | '''56,250'''
| align="right" | '''52.6'''
| align="right" | '''+20.9'''
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| [[Claudius Cyprian Featherstone]]
| align="right" | 50,605
| align="right" | 47.4
| align="right" | +18.9
|-
|}
{{clear left}}
==General election==
The general election was held on November 8, 1910, and Coleman Livingston Blease was elected the next [[governor of South Carolina]] without opposition. Being a [[Midterm elections|non-presidential election]] and few contested races, [[Voter turnout|turnout]] was much less than the [[South Carolina gubernatorial election, 1908|previous gubernatorial election]].
{{Election box begin | title=South Carolina Gubernatorial Election, 1910<ref>{{cite book |last = Glashan | first = Roy R. | title = American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978 | chapter = South Carolina gubernatorial elections | publisher = Meckler Books | year = 1979 | isbn = 0-930466-17-9 | pages = 284–285}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=31150 |title=SC Governor, 1910 |publisher=Our Campaigns |access-date=April 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= The World Almanac and Encyclopedia, 1911 |location= New York |publisher= The Press Publishing Co. (The [[New York World]]) |year= 1910 |page= [https://archive.org/details/worldalmanacency1911newy/page/691 691] |url=https://archive.org/details/worldalmanacency1911newy }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Coleman Livingston Blease]]
|votes = 30,832
|percentage = 99.8
|change = -0.2
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Socialist Party of America
|candidate = F. N. U. Thompson
|votes = 70
|percentage = 0.2
|change = +0.2
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 30,762
|percentage = 99.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 30,902
|percentage =
|change =
}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| colspan=5 |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] '''hold'''
|-
{{Election box end}}
{{legend|#00f|65+% won by Blease}}
==See also==
*[[Governor of South Carolina]]
*[[List of governors of South Carolina]]
*[[South Carolina gubernatorial elections]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
*{{cite book | last = Jordan | first = Frank E | title = The Primary State: A History of the Democratic Party in South Carolina, 1876–1962 | pages = 26–28}}
*{{cite book | first=Ernest McPherson Jr. | last=Lander | title = A History of South Carolina, 1865–1960 | year = 1970 | publisher = University of South Carolina Press | isbn = 0-87249-169-2 | page = [https://archive.org/details/historyofsouthca0000land/page/49 49] | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofsouthca0000land/page/49 }}
*{{cite news |title= Official Count By State Executive Committee |work= The News and Courier |date= 3 September 1910 |page= 2}}
*{{cite news |title= Blease Has Majority of 5,645 |work= The News and Courier |date= 18 September 1910 |page= 1}}
==External links==
*[http://www.sciway.net/hist/governors/blease.html SCIway Biography of Coleman Livingston Blease]
{{sequence|
prev=[[1908 South Carolina gubernatorial election|1908]]|
list=[[South Carolina gubernatorial elections]]|
next=[[1912 South Carolina gubernatorial election|1912]]
}}
{{1910 United States elections}}{{SCGovElections}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:South Carolina Gubernatorial Election, 1910}}
[[Category:1910 United States gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:South Carolina gubernatorial elections|1910]]
[[Category:1910 South Carolina elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:November 1910 in the United States]]
| 1,272,972,824 |
[{"title": "1910 South Carolina Democratic gubernatorial primary runoff", "data": {"\u2190 1908": "September 13, 1910 \u00b7 1912 \u2192", "Candidate": "Cole Blease \u00b7 C. C. Featherstone", "Party": "Democratic \u00b7 Democratic", "Popular vote": "56,250 \u00b7 50,605", "Percentage": "52.6% \u00b7 47.4%", "Governor of South Carolina before election \u00b7 Martin Frederick Ansel \u00b7 Democratic": "Elected Governor of South Carolina \u00b7 Coleman Livingston Blease \u00b7 Democratic"}}]
| false |
# 16th Division (Spain)
The 16th Division was one of the divisions of the Spanish Republican Army that were organized during the Spanish Civil War on the basis of the Mixed Brigades. It had an outstanding participation in the Battle of the Ebro.
## History
The division was created on March 13, 1937, formed by the 23rd, 66th and 77th mixed brigades; its first commander was Ernesto Güemes Ramos. Initially assigned to the IV Army Corps, in May 1937 it became part of the III Army Corps, on the Madrid front. For several months the division was stationed there, limiting itself to garrison work and not intervening in relevant military operations.
In the spring of 1938, when the Aragon Offensive took place, the division was sent to try to reinforce the republican defenses. Meanwhile its 24th Mixed Brigade took part in the Battle of Lleida, in support of the 46th Division. Months later, the 23rd Mixed Brigade participated in the Balaguer Offensive.
### Battle of the Ebro
Subsequently, the division was assigned to the XII Army Corps, in the Battle of the Ebro. The anarchist Manuel Mora Torres assumed command of the unit. On July 28, the 16th Division crossed the river, heading towards Gandesa in support of the republican units that were already deployed there. The division was later located in the central sector of the Republican zone, under the command of Pedro Mateo Merino. Along with the 35th Division and members of the 46th Division - reinforced with armored forces - it participated in the Republican assaults against Gandesa, which resulted in failure. At the beginning of August it was assigned to the XV Army Corps of Manuel Tagüeña. On August 22, a nationalist attack against the 16th Division's positions caused their disbandment, including the commander of the unit, who was promptly fired. A day before, the largest of the Mora militias signed an order that read: "Whoever leaves their post, they will suffer and the just punishment to which they are creditors will be applied, in whose application this Command will be inflexible."
### Front of the Segre
Later the division returned to the rear. In November, it participated in the failed Serós offensive together with troops from the 34th Division. At the beginning of the Catalonia Offensive the division had a poor performance, giving up its positions in the Battle of the Segre. According to Jorge Martínez Reverte, at that time the unit was very demoralized. During the rest of the battle for Catalonia, the 16th Division played an irrelevant role.
## Command
Commanders
- Ernesto Güemes Ramos;
- Domingo Benages Sacristán;[14]
- Manuel Fresno Urzáiz;[15]
- Manuel Mora Torres;
- Sebastián Zamora Medina;[16]
Commissars
- Ernesto Antuña García, of the PSOE;[17]
Chiefs of Staff
- Manuel Pérez Cabello;
## Order of battle
| Date | Attached Army Corps | Integrated Mixed Brigades | Battle front |
| -------------- | ------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ------------ |
| May–June 1937 | III Army Corps | 23rd, 66th and 77th | Center |
| December 1937 | III Army Corps | 23rd, 66th, 77th and 1st Cavalry Brigade | Center |
| June–July 1938 | XII Army Corps | 23rd, 24th and 149th | Reservation |
| August 1938 | XV Army Corps | 23rd, 24th and 149th | Ebro |
|
enwiki/65819009
|
enwiki
| 65,819,009 |
16th Division (Spain)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Division_(Spain)
|
2024-08-06T22:10:15Z
|
en
|
Q41483663
| 102,515 |
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 16th Division
| native_name = 16.ª División
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| start_date = March 13, 1937
| end_date = February 1939
| disbanded =
| country = {{flag|Spanish Republic|name=Spain}}
| allegiance = {{flagicon|Spanish Republic}} [[Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)|Republican faction]]
| branch = [[File:Red star.svg|20px]] [[Spanish Republican Army]]
| type = [[Infantry]]
| role = <!-- or | specialization = -->
| size = [[Division (military)|Division]]
| command_structure =
| garrison =
| garrison_label =
| nickname =
| patron =
| motto =
| colors = <!-- or | colours = -->
| colors_label = <!-- or | colours_label = -->
| march =
| mascot =
| anniversaries =
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| battles = '''[[Spanish Civil War]]:'''
*[[Aragon Offensive]]
*[[Battle of the Ebro]]
*[[Battle of the Segre]]
| battles_label =
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
| battle_honours_label =
| flying_hours =
| website =
<!-- Commanders -->
| current_commander =
| commander1 =
| commander1_label =
| commander2 =
| commander2_label =
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| commander6 =
| commander6_label =
| commander7 =
| commander7_label =
| commander8 =
| commander8_label =
| commander9 =
| commander9_label =
| notable_commanders = [[Manuel Mora Torres]]
<!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_label =
| identification_symbol_2 =
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| identification_symbol_3 =
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<!-- Aircraft -->
| aircraft_attack =
| aircraft_bomber =
| aircraft_electronic =
| aircraft_fighter =
| aircraft_helicopter =
| aircraft_helicopter_attack =
| aircraft_helicopter_cargo =
| aircraft_helicopter_multirole =
| aircraft_helicopter_observation =
| aircraft_helicopter_trainer =
| aircraft_helicopter_utility =
| aircraft_interceptor =
| aircraft_patrol =
| aircraft_recon =
| aircraft_trainer =
| aircraft_transport =
| aircraft_tanker =
| aircraft_general =
}}
The '''16th Division''' was one of the [[Division (military)|divisions]] of the [[Spanish Republican Army]] that were organized during the [[Spanish Civil War]] on the basis of the [[Mixed Brigades]]. It had an outstanding participation in the [[Battle of the Ebro]].
== History ==
The division was created on March 13, 1937, formed by the [[23rd Mixed Brigade|23rd]], [[66th Mixed Brigade|66th]] and [[77th Mixed Brigade|77th]] mixed brigades;{{Sfn | Zaragoza | 1983 | p = 55}}{{Sfn | Martínez Bande | 1981 | p = 77}} its first commander was [[Ernesto Güemes Ramos]].{{Sfn | Engel | 1999 | p = 206}} Initially assigned to the [[IV Army Corps (Spain)|IV Army Corps]], in [[May 1937]] it became part of the [[III Army Corps (Spain)|III Army Corps]], on the [[Siege of Madrid|Madrid front]].{{Sfn | Engel | 1999 | p = 206}} For several months the division was stationed there, limiting itself to garrison work and not intervening in relevant military operations.
In the spring of 1938, when the [[Aragon Offensive]] took place, the division was sent to try to reinforce the republican defenses. Meanwhile its [[24th Mixed Brigade]] took part in the [[Battle of Lérida (1938)|Battle of Lleida]], in support of the [[46th Division (Spain)|46th Division]]. Months later, the [[23rd Mixed Brigade]] participated in the [[Balaguer Offensive]].{{Sfn | Engel | 1999 | pp = 38-39}}
===Battle of the Ebro===
Subsequently, the division was assigned to the [[XII Army Corps (Spain)|XII Army Corps]],{{Sfn | Martínez Bande | 1978 | p = 70}} in the [[Battle of the Ebro]]. The anarchist [[Manuel Mora Torres]] assumed command of the unit.{{Sfn | Martínez Bande | 1978 | p = 70}} On [[July 28]], the 16th Division crossed the river, heading towards [[Gandesa]] in support of the republican units that were already deployed there. The division was later located in the central sector of the Republican zone, under the command of [[Pedro Mateo Merino]].{{Sfn | Martínez Bande | 1978 | p = 154}} Along with the [[35th Division (Spain)|35th Division]] and members of the 46th Division - reinforced with armored forces - it participated in the Republican assaults against Gandesa, which resulted in failure.{{Sfn | Cabrera Castillo | 2002 | p = 232}} At the beginning of August it was assigned to the [[XV Army Corps (Spain)|XV Army Corps]] of [[Manuel Tagüeña]]. On [[August 22]], a [[Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)|nationalist]] attack against the 16th Division's positions caused their disbandment,{{Sfn | Martínez Bande | 1978 | p = 198}} including the commander of the unit, who was promptly fired.{{refn | Manuel Mora was unaccounted for, for several hours, until he reported to the command post of the [[124th Mixed Brigade]] and communicated [falsely] to [[Juan Modesto]] that the nationalist advance had already reached the Ebro river.{{Sfn | Corral | 2007 | p = 202}} Mora was abruptly dismissed and replaced by [[Sebastián Zamora Medina]].{{Sfn | Cabrera Castillo | 2002 | p = 462}} | group = n.}} A day before, the largest of the Mora militias signed an order that read: "Whoever leaves their post, they will suffer and the just punishment to which they are creditors will be applied, in whose application this Command will be inflexible."{{Sfn | Corral | 2007 | p = 202}}
===Front of the Segre===
Later the division returned to the rear. In November, it participated in the failed [[Serós]] offensive together with troops from the [[34th Division (Spain)|34th Division]].{{Sfn | Martínez Bande | 1978 | p = 285}} At the beginning of the [[Catalonia Offensive]] the division had a poor performance, giving up its positions in the [[Battle of the Segre]]. {{Sfn | Martínez Reverte | 2006 | pp = 53, 63}} According to [[Jorge Martínez Reverte]], at that time the unit was very demoralized.{{Sfn | Martínez Reverte | 2006 | p = 61}} During the rest of the battle for Catalonia, the 16th Division played an irrelevant role.
== Command ==
;Commanders
* [[Ernesto Güemes Ramos]];
* [[Domingo Benages Sacristán]];{{Sfn|Martínez Bande|1981|p=126}}
* Manuel Fresno Urzáiz;{{Sfn|Alpert|1989|p=370}}
* [[Manuel Mora Torres]];
* [[Sebastián Zamora Medina]];{{Sfn|Besolí|Sesalí|Hernández|Íñiguez|2005|p=190}}
;Commissars
* [[Ernesto Antuña García]], of the [[PSOE]];{{Sfn|Álvarez|1989|p=188}}
;Chiefs of Staff
*Manuel Pérez Cabello;
== Order of battle ==
{| class = "wikitable"
|-
! Date || Attached Army Corps || Integrated Mixed Brigades || Battle front
|-
| May–June 1937 || [[III Army Corps (Spain)|III Army Corps]] || [[23rd Mixed Brigade|23rd]], [[66th Mixed Brigade|66th]] and [[77th Mixed Brigade|77th]] || Center
|-
| December 1937 || [[III Army Corps (Spain)|III Army Corps]] || [[23rd Mixed Brigade|23rd]], [[66th Mixed Brigade|66th]], [[77th Mixed Brigade|77th]] and 1st Cavalry Brigade || Center
|-
| June–July 1938 || [[XII Army Corps (Spain)|XII Army Corps]] || [[23rd Mixed Brigade|23rd]], [[24th Mixed Brigade|24th]] and [[149th Mixed Brigade|149th]] || Reservation
|-
| August 1938 || [[XV Army Corps (Spain)|XV Army Corps]] || [[23rd Mixed Brigade|23rd]], [[24th Mixed Brigade|24th]] and [[149th Mixed Brigade|149th]]{{Sfn | Cabrera Castillo | 2002 | p = 462}} || [[Battle of the Ebro|Ebro]]
|}
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=n.}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book| last= Alpert |first= Michael |title= El Ejército republicano en la guerra civil |publisher= Siglo XXI Editores |year= 1989 |language=es}}
* {{cite book |first= Santiago |last= Álvarez |title= Los comisarios políticos en el Ejército Popular de la República |publisher= Ediciós do Castro |year= 1989 |language=es}}
* {{cite book | first=Andreu | last= Besolí | first2=David | last2= Sesalí | first3=Xavier | last3= Hernández | first4=David | last4= Íñiguez | first5=Joan Carles | last5= Luque | title=Ebro 1938 | publisher=Inedita Editores | year=2005 | location=Barcelona | isbn=84-96364-27-5 |language=es}}
* {{cite book | first = Francisco | last = Cabrera Castillo |title= Del Ebro a Gandesa. La batalla del Ebro, julio-noviembre 1938 |publisher= Almena |year= 2002 |language=es}}
* {{cite book | first= Pedro |last= Corral |title= Desertores. La Guerra Civil que nadie quiere contar |publisher= DeBolsillo |year= 2007 | isbn = 978-84-8346-258-4 |language=es}}
* {{cite book |last = Engel | first = Carlos| title = Historia de las Brigadas mixtas del Ejército Popular de la República| year = 1999| publisher = Almena |location= Madrid |isbn = 84-922644-7-0 |language=es}}
* {{cite book |first= José Manuel |last= Martínez Bande |title= La Batalla del Ebro |publisher= San Martín |location= Madrid |year= 1978 |language=es}}
* {{cite book |first= José Manuel |last= Martínez Bande |title= La batalla de Pozoblanco y el cierre de la bolsa de Mérida |publisher= San Martín |location= Madrid |year= 1981 |language=es}}
* {{cite book | first= Jorge | last= Martínez Reverte | title= La caída de Cataluña | year=2006 | publisher= Crítica | location = Barcelona |language=es}}
* {{cite book |first= Ramón |last= Salas Larrazábal |title= Historia del Ejército Popular de la República |publisher= La Esfera de los Libros |year= 2006 |isbn = 84-9734-465-0 |language=es}}
* {{cite book| first= Cristóbal |last= Zaragoza |title= Ejército Popular y Militares de la República, 1936-1939 |publisher= Ed. Planeta |location= Barcelona |year= 1983 |language=es}}
{{Divisions of the Spanish Republic|state=expanded}}
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1937]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1939]]
[[Category:Divisions of Spain]]
[[Category:Military units and formations of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)]]
[[Category:Military history of Spain]]
[[Category:Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic]]
[[Category:1937 establishments in Spain]]
[[Category:1939 disestablishments in Spain]]
| 1,239,016,539 |
[{"title": "16th Division", "data": {"Active": "March 13, 1937\u2013February 1939", "Country": "Spain", "Allegiance": "Republican faction", "Branch": "Spanish Republican Army", "Type": "Infantry", "Size": "Division", "Engagements": "Spanish Civil War: - Aragon Offensive - Battle of the Ebro - Battle of the Segre"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Notable \u00b7 commanders": "Manuel Mora Torres"}}]
| false |
# 1239 in poetry
## Births
- Peter III of Aragon (died 1285), an Occitan troubadour and King of Eragon
## Deaths
- March 28 - Emperor Go-Toba (born 1180), Japanese Emperor, calligrapher, painter, musician, poet, critic, and editor
|
enwiki/10801969
|
enwiki
| 10,801,969 |
1239 in poetry
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1239_in_poetry
|
2024-06-27T20:05:37Z
|
en
|
Q4548299
| 18,132 |
{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1239|poetry|literature}}
==Events==
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}
==Births==
* [[Peter III of Aragon]] (died [[1285 in poetry|1285]]), an [[Occitan language|Occitan]] [[troubadour]] and King of [[Eragon]]
==Deaths==
* March 28 - [[Emperor Go-Toba]] (born [[1180 in poetry|1180]]), Japanese Emperor, calligrapher, painter, musician, poet, critic, and editor
[[Category:13th-century poetry]]
[[Category:1239|Poetry]]
| 1,231,338,660 |
[]
| false |
# 12 Scorpii
12 Scorpii is a probable triple star system in the zodiac constellation of Scorpius, located about 300 light years away from the Sun. It has the Bayer designation c1 Scorpii; 12 Scorpii is the Flamsteed designation. This system is faintly visible to the naked eye with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.67. It is a probable (82% chance) member of the Sco OB2 moving group.
The magnitude 5.79 primary component is a B-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of B9V. This star is 150 million years old with three times the mass of the Sun. It is radiating 91 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 11,402 K. At an angular separation of 0.20″ is a K7.9 type secondary companion, a possible X-ray source. The third component is an F-type main-sequence star of class F3V and magnitude 8.13, located at a separation of 3.84″.
|
enwiki/35220288
|
enwiki
| 35,220,288 |
12 Scorpii
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_Scorpii
|
2024-08-22T11:03:26Z
|
en
|
Q11101814
| 87,152 |
{{Short description|Star in the constellation Scorpius}}
{{about|c<sup>1</sup> Scorpii|other stars with this [[Bayer designation]]|c Scorpii}}
{{Starbox begin
| name = 12 Scorpii
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = J2000.0
| equino = J2000.0
| constell = [[Scorpius]]
| ra = {{RA|16|12|16.039}}<ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/>
| dec = {{DEC|−28|25|02.31}}<ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/>
| appmag_v = {{nowrap|5.67 (5.79 + 7.9 + 8.13)}}<ref name=Eggleton2008/>
}}
{{Starbox character
| class = B9V<ref name=HD>{{cite journal|bibcode=1999MSS...C05....0H|title=Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD Stars, Vol. 5|journal=Michigan Spectral Survey|volume=5|author1=Houk, N.|author2=Swift, C.|year=1999}}</ref> + K7.9XR? + F3V<ref name=Eggleton2008/>
| b-v = +0.01<ref name=UBV>{{cite journal|title=Catalogue of homogeneous data in the UBV photoelectric photometric system|date=1964|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series|volume=34|pages=1–49|author=Nicolet, B.|bibcode=1978A&AS...34....1N}}</ref>
| u-b = −0.19<ref name=UBV/>
| variable =
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = {{Val|−0.2|1.8}}<ref name=RV>{{cite journal|title=Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35 495 Hipparcos stars in a common system|author=Gontcharov, G. A.|date=2006|journal=Astronomy Letters|volume=32|issue=11|pages=759–771|bibcode=2006AstL...32..759G|doi=10.1134/S1063773706110065|arxiv=1606.08053|s2cid=119231169}}</ref>
| prop_mo_ra = {{val|−23.68|0.76}}<ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/>
| prop_mo_dec = {{Val|−42.44|0.69}}<ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/>
| parallax = 10.75
| p_error = 0.80
| parallax_footnote = <ref name="van Leeuwen2007"/>
| absmag_v = +0.56<ref name=Hubrig2001>{{citation
| title=Search for low-mass PMS companions around X-ray selected late B stars
| last1=Hubrig | first1=S. | last2=Le Mignant | first2=D.
| last3=North | first3=P. | last4=Krautter | first4=J.
| journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | display-authors=1
| volume=372 | pages=152–164 | date=June 2001
| doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20010452 | bibcode=2001A&A...372..152H
| arxiv=astro-ph/0103201 | s2cid=17507782 | postscript=. }}</ref>
}}
{{Starbox detail
| source =
| component1 = 12 Sco A
| mass = {{Val|2.939|0.088}}<ref name=Hubrig2001/>
| radius =
| gravity =
| luminosity = 91<ref name=Hubrig2001/>
| temperature = 11,402<ref name=Hubrig2001/>
| metal_fe =
| rotation =
| rotational_velocity =
| age_myr = 150<ref name=Hubrig2001/>
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names = {{odlist | B=c<sup>1</sup> Sco | F=12 Sco | CD=−28°11962 | FK5=3226 | HD=145483 | HIP=79399 | HR=6029 | SAO=184217 }}<ref name=Simbad/>
}}
{{Starbox reference|Simbad=12+Sco}}
{{Starbox end}}
'''12 Scorpii''' is a probable [[triple star]]<ref name=Eggleton2008/> system in the [[zodiac]] [[constellation]] of [[Scorpius]], located about 300 [[light year]]s away from the Sun. It has the [[Bayer designation]] '''c<sup>1</sup> Scorpii'''; ''12 Scorpii'' is the [[Flamsteed designation]]. This system is faintly visible to the naked eye with a combined [[apparent visual magnitude]] of 5.67.<ref name=Eggleton2008/> It is a probable (82% chance) member of the [[Sco OB2]] moving group.<ref name=Rizzuto2011/>
The magnitude 5.79<ref name=Eggleton2008/> primary component is a [[B-type main-sequence star]] with a [[stellar classification]] of B9V.<ref name=HD/> This star is 150 million years old with three times the [[mass of the Sun]]. It is radiating 91 times the [[Sun's luminosity]] from its [[photosphere]] at an [[effective temperature]] of 11,402 K.<ref name=Hubrig2001/> At an [[angular separation]] of {{Val|0.20|ul=arcsecond}} is a [[K-type star|K7.9 type]] secondary companion, a possible [[X-ray astronomy|X-ray source]]. The third component is an [[F-type main-sequence star]] of class F3V and magnitude 8.13, located at a separation of {{Val|3.84|u=arcsecond}}.<ref name=Eggleton2008/>
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Simbad>{{cite simbad | title=2 Sco | access-date=2019-03-23 }}</ref>
<ref name="van Leeuwen2007">{{cite journal | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | url=http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_article&access=bibcode&Itemid=129&bibcode=2007A%2526A...474..653VFUL | last1=van Leeuwen | first1=F. | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | year=2007 | arxiv=0708.1752 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 |s2cid = 18759600}} [http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-out.add=.&-source=I/311/hip2&recno=79141 Vizier catalog entry ]</ref>
<ref name=Rizzuto2011>{{cite journal
| last1=Rizzuto | first1=Aaron
| last2=Ireland| first2=Michael | last3=Robertson | first3=J. G.
| title=Multidimensional Bayesian membership analysis of the Sco OB2 moving group
| journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
|date=October 2011 | volume=416 | issue=4 | pages=3108–3117
| bibcode=2011MNRAS.416.3108R | arxiv=1106.2857
| doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19256.x | doi-access=free
| s2cid=54510608
}}</ref>
<ref name=Eggleton2008>{{cite journal
| last1=Eggleton | first1=P. P. | last2=Tokovinin | first2=A. A.
| title=A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems
| journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
| volume=389 | issue=2 | pages=869–879 | date=September 2008
| bibcode=2008MNRAS.389..869E | arxiv=0806.2878
| doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x | doi-access=free | s2cid=14878976 }}</ref>
}}
{{Stars of Scorpius}}
[[Category:B-type main-sequence stars]]
[[Category:F-type main-sequence stars]]
[[Category:Scorpius]]
[[Category:Flamsteed objects|Scorpii, 12]]
[[Category:Bayer objects|Scorpii, c1]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects]]
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|145483]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|079399]]
[[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|6029]]
| 1,241,642,740 |
[{"title": "12 Scorpii", "data": {"Constellation": "Scorpius", "Right ascension": "16h 12m 16.039s", "Declination": "\u221228\u00b0 25\u2032 02.31\u2033", "Apparent magnitude (V)": "5.67 (5.79 + 7.9 + 8.13)"}}, {"title": "Characteristics", "data": {"Spectral type": "B9V + K7.9XR? + F3V", "U\u2212B color index": "\u22120.19", "B\u2212V color index": "+0.01"}}, {"title": "12 Scorpii", "data": {"Radial velocity (Rv)": "\u22120.2\u00b11.8 km/s", "Proper motion (\u03bc)": "RA: \u221223.68\u00b10.76 mas/yr \u00b7 Dec.: \u221242.44\u00b10.69 mas/yr", "Parallax (\u03c0)": "10.75\u00b10.80 mas", "Distance": "300 \u00b1 20 ly \u00b7 (93 \u00b1 7 pc)", "Absolute magnitude (MV)": "+0.56"}}, {"title": "12 Sco A", "data": {"Mass": "2.939\u00b10.088 M\u2609", "Luminosity": "91 L\u2609", "Temperature": "11,402 K", "Age": "150 Myr"}}, {"title": "Other designations", "data": {"Other designations": "c1 Sco, 12 Sco, CD\u221228\u00b011962, FK5 3226, HD 145483, HIP 79399, HR 6029, SAO 184217"}}, {"title": "Database references", "data": {"SIMBAD": "data"}}]
| false |
# 12th Infantry Regiment (Lithuania)
The 12th Kaunas Infantry Regiment (Lithuanian: 12-asis Kauno pėstininkų pulkas) was an infantry regiment that served in the Lithuanian Army from 1920 to 1924. In 1923, it was reformed into the 4th Border Regiment (Lithuanian: 4-asis pasienio pulkas) and later that year into the 4th Separate Border Battalion (Lithuanian: 4-asis atskiras pasienio batalionas), both of which were tasked with the protection of the Lithuanian demarcation line with Poland and to prevent the illegal movement of persons and smuggling across the border.
## 1920
The regiment was founded on 14 October 1920. The regiment's core were parts of the Command (komendantūra) companies of Suvalkai and Eglainė. The regiment was part of the 4th Infantry Division. By November, the regiment is in Vilkaviškis and protects the Foch Line from Vištytis to Kalvarija.
## 1921
In 1921, the regiment was moved to Veiveriai district. In November 1921, the regiment moves to Alytus. From 1921, the regiment feast was on October 14, its founding date.
## 1923
According to different sources, the regiment was reformed into the 4th Border Regiment on 2 or 12 May 1923. The other infantry regiments of the 4th Division, the 10th and 11th, were also renamed, to the 2nd and 3rd Border Regiments, respectively. The regiment was part of the Border Division, while the battalion was part of the Border Brigade. On 15 or 30 November 1923, it is made into the 4th Separate Border Battalion and is relocated to Lyduokiai. On 21 December 1923, the battalion moves to Ukmergė. The battalion is disbanded on 1 March 1924.
## Commander
The regiment's commander was Colonel Vincas Šaudzis.
## Sources
- Steponaitis, V. (1939). "Dvyliktas pėst. pulkas". In Vaclovas Biržiška (ed.). Lietuviškoji enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 7: Drugiai - Fazmos. Kaunas: Spaudos Fondas. p. 309.
- Vydrina, Elena (2008). "lcva fondo 1331 pažyma". www.archyvai.lt (in Lithuanian).
- Jasulaitis, Vytautas (2022). "Dvyliktasis pėstininkų pulkas". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian).
- Balaišis, Algis (1998). "Lietuvos valstybės sienos apsauga 1918-1940 metais". Karo archyvas (in Lithuanian). Vol. 15, no. 1.
- Ruzgas, V., ed. (1932). Visa Lietuva (in Lithuanian). Kaunas: Spaudos Fondas.
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enwiki/70480999
|
enwiki
| 70,480,999 |
12th Infantry Regiment (Lithuania)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_Infantry_Regiment_(Lithuania)
|
2025-02-07T03:09:45Z
|
en
|
Q111941850
| 46,623 |
{{Short description|Former Lithuanian Army formation (1919–24)}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 12th Kaunas Infantry Regiment
| native_name = 12-asis Kauno pėstininkų pulkas
| image =
| caption =
| dates = October 14, 1920 – March 1, 1924
| country = {{flag|Lithuania}}
| branch = [[Lithuanian Army]]
| type = [[Infantry]]
| patron =
| anniversaries = October 14
}}
The '''12th Kaunas Infantry Regiment''' ({{Langx|lt|12-asis Kauno pėstininkų pulkas}}) was an [[infantry]] [[regiment]] that served in the [[Lithuanian Armed Forces|Lithuanian Army]] from 1920 to 1924. In 1923, it was reformed into the '''4th Border Regiment''' ({{Langx|lt|4-asis pasienio pulkas|links=no}}) and later that year into the '''4th Separate Border Battalion''' ({{Langx|lt|4-asis atskiras pasienio batalionas|links=no}}), both of which were tasked with the protection of the [[Foch Line|Lithuanian demarcation line with Poland]] and to prevent the illegal movement of persons and [[smuggling]] across the border.{{Sfn|Vydrina|2008}}
== 1920 ==
The regiment was founded on 14 October 1920.{{Sfn|Steponaitis|1939|p=309}}{{Sfn|Ruzgas|1932|p=136}} The regiment's core were parts of the Command ({{Lang|lt|komendantūra}}) companies of [[Suvalkai]] and [[Eglaine|Eglainė]].{{Sfn|Steponaitis|1939|p=309}}{{Sfn|Jasulaitis|2022}} The regiment was part of the [[4th Infantry Division (Lithuania)|4th Infantry Division]].{{Sfn|Vydrina|2008}} By November, the regiment is in [[Vilkaviškis]] and protects the [[Foch Line]] from [[Vištytis]] to [[Kalvarija, Lithuania|Kalvarija]].{{Sfn|Steponaitis|1939|p=309}}
== 1921 ==
In 1921, the regiment was moved to [[Veiveriai]] district.{{Sfn|Steponaitis|1939|p=309}} In November 1921, the regiment moves to Alytus.{{Sfn|Steponaitis|1939|p=309}} From 1921, the regiment feast was on October 14, its founding date.{{Sfn|Steponaitis|1939|p=309}}{{Sfn|Jasulaitis|2022}}
== 1923 ==
According to different sources, the regiment was reformed into the 4th Border Regiment on 2 or 12 May 1923.{{Sfn|Vydrina|2008}}{{Sfn|Steponaitis|1939|p=309}} The other infantry regiments of the 4th Division, the [[10th Infantry Regiment (Lithuania)|10th]] and [[11th Infantry Regiment (Lithuania)|11th]], were also renamed, to the 2nd and 3rd Border Regiments, respectively.{{Sfn|Balaišis|1998|p=167}} The regiment was part of the [[Border Division (Lithuania)|Border Division]], while the battalion was part of the [[Border Brigade (Lithuania)|Border Brigade]].{{Sfn|Vydrina|2008}} On 15 or 30 November 1923, it is made into the 4th Separate Border Battalion and is relocated to [[Lyduokiai]].{{Sfn|Vydrina|2008}}{{Sfn|Steponaitis|1939|p=309}} On 21 December 1923, the battalion moves to Ukmergė.{{Sfn|Steponaitis|1939|p=309}} The battalion is disbanded on 1 March 1924.{{Sfn|Steponaitis|1939|p=309}}
[[File:Vincas Šaudzis - Colonel of the Interwar Lithuanian Army.jpg|thumb|Colonel Vincas Šaudzis. Picture taken sometime from 1933 to 1940.]]
== Commander ==
The regiment's commander was Colonel [[Vincas Šaudzis]].{{Sfn|Jasulaitis|2022}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Sources ==
* {{cite encyclopedia |year=1939 |title=Dvyliktas pėst. pulkas |encyclopedia=Lietuviškoji enciklopedija |publisher=Spaudos Fondas |location=Kaunas |url=https://archive.org/details/lietuviskoji-enciklopedija-t.-7-1939/page/n167/mode/2up?q=dvyliktas |last=Steponaitis |first=V. |editor=Vaclovas Biržiška |volume=7: Drugiai - Fazmos |pages=309 |language=lt}}
* {{Cite web |last=Vydrina |first=Elena |date=2008 |title=lcva fondo 1331 pažyma |url=https://www.archyvai.lt/lt/fondai/kariuomene/lcva_f1331.html|website=www.archyvai.lt |language=lt}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia |year=2022 |title=Dvyliktasis pėstininkų pulkas |encyclopedia=[[Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija]] |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/dvyliktasis-pestininku-pulkas/ |last=Jasulaitis |first=Vytautas |language=lt}}
* {{Cite magazine |last=Balaišis |first=Algis |date=1998 |title=Lietuvos valstybės sienos apsauga 1918-1940 metais |url=https://journals.lka.lt/journal/ka/article/1161/file/pdf |magazine=Karo archyvas |language=lt |volume=15 |issue=1}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/visa-lietuva-1931-1932/page/136/mode/2up?q=pulkas |title=Visa Lietuva |publisher=Spaudos Fondas |year=1932 |editor-last=Ruzgas |editor-first=V. |location=[[Kaunas]] |language=Lithuanian}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:12th Infantry Regiment (Lithuania)}}
[[Category:Infantry regiments of Lithuania]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1920]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1924]]
[[Category:1920 establishments in Lithuania]]
[[Category:1924 disestablishments in Lithuania]]
| 1,274,395,935 |
[{"title": "12th Kaunas Infantry Regiment", "data": {"Active": "October 14, 1920 \u2013 March 1, 1924", "Country": "Lithuania", "Branch": "Lithuanian Army", "Type": "Infantry", "Anniversaries": "October 14"}}]
| false |
# 1908 Dalmatian parliamentary election
Parliamentary election were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia on 26, 28 and 31 October 1908. They were the tenth and last to elect representatives to the Dalmatian parliament in Zadar, as World War I broke out before the end of the parliamentary term in 1915. The parliament was eventually abandoned and no new government was elected before Dalmatia became a part of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, and later the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
## Results
| Party | Party | Seats | +/– |
| ----- | ------------------- | ----- | --- |
| | Croatian Party | 22 | +4 |
| | Party of Rights | 8 | –1 |
| | Serb People's Party | 7 | +1 |
| | Autonomist Party | 6 | 0 |
| Total | Total | 43 | +2 |
|
enwiki/13701369
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enwiki
| 13,701,369 |
1908 Dalmatian parliamentary election
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_Dalmatian_parliamentary_election
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2024-05-28T19:50:31Z
|
en
|
Q5211546
| 58,455 |
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Needs more sources|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox legislative election
| country = Kingdom of Dalmatia
| previous_election = [[1901 Dalmatian parliamentary election|1901]]
| seats_for_election = All 43 seats in the [[Diet of Dalmatia]]
| election_date = 26, 28 and 31 October 1908
| nopercentage = yes
| noleader = yes
| leader1 =
| party1 = [[People's Party (Dalmatia)|Croatian Party]]
| last_election1 = 18
| seats1 = 22
| percentage1 =
| leader2 =
| party2 = [[Party of Rights]]
| last_election2 = 9
| seats2 = 8
| percentage2 =
| leader3 =
| party3 = [[Serb People's Party (Dalmatia)|Serb People's Party]]
| last_election3 = 6
| seats3 = 7
| percentage3 =
| leader4 =
| party4 = [[Autonomist Party]]
| last_election4 = 6
| seats4 = 6
| percentage4 =
}}
Parliamentary election were held in the [[Kingdom of Dalmatia]] on 26, 28 and 31 October 1908.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Diklić |first=M |date=2001 |title=Don Ivo Prodan u Dalmatinskom saboru |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/18767 |journal=Radovi Zavoda za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zadru |volume=43 |pages=422}}</ref> They were the tenth and last to elect representatives to the [[Dalmatian parliament]] in [[Zadar]], as [[World War I]] broke out before the end of the parliamentary term in 1915. The parliament was eventually abandoned and no new government was elected before Dalmatia became a part of the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]], and later the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]].
==Results==
{{Election results
|party1=[[People's Party (Dalmatia)|Croatian Party]]|seats1=22|sc1=+4
|party2=[[Party of Rights]]|seats2=8|sc2=–1
|party3=[[Serb People's Party (Dalmatia)|Serb People's Party]]|seats3=7|sc3=+1
|party4=[[Autonomist Party]]|seats4=6|sc4=0
|total_sc=+2
}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Croatian elections}}
{{Elections in Austria-Hungary}}
[[Category:Elections in the Kingdom of Dalmatia]]
[[Category:1908 elections in Europe|Dalmatia]]
[[Category:1908 in Croatia|Dalmatia]]
[[Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results]]
| 1,226,139,332 |
[{"title": "1908 Dalmatian parliamentary election", "data": {"\u2190 1901": "26, 28 and 31 October 1908", "Party": "Seats \u00b7 +/\u2013"}}]
| false |
# 16th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
The 16th Massachusetts was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War formed of volunteers from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
## Service
The 16th Massachusetts was organized at Camp Cameron in North Cambridge, Massachusetts, June 25, 1861. It mustered into federal service for a three-year enlistment on June 29, 1861 under the command of Colonel Powell Tremlett Wyman.
The 16th Massachusetts mustered out of service on July 27, 1864. Veterans and recruits were transferred to the 11th Massachusetts Infantry.
## Affiliations, battle honors, detailed service, and casualties
### Organizational affiliation
Attached to:
- Fort Monroe, Department of Virginia, to May 1862.[6]
- 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Department of Virginia, to June 1862.[6]
- 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, III Corps, Army of the Potomac, to March 1864.[6]
- 1st Brigade, 4th Division, II Corps, to May 1864.[6]
- 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, II Corps, to July 1864.[6]
### List of battles
The official list of battles in which the regiment bore a part:
- Seven Days Battles
- Battle of Glendale
- Second Battle of Bull Run
- Battle of Fredericksburg
- Battle of Chancellorsville
- Battle of Gettysburg
- Bristoe Campaign
- Mine Run Campaign
- Battle of the Wilderness
- Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
- Battle of Harris Farm
- Battle of Totopotomoy Creek
- Battle of Cold Harbor
- Siege of Petersburg
- Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road
### Detailed service
#### 1861[6]
- Left Massachusetts for Old Point Comfort, Virginia, August 17.
#### 1862[6]
- Garrison duty at Fortress Monroe, Va., September 1, 1862 to May 8, 1862.
- Occupation of Norfolk May 10.
- Moved to Suffolk May 17,
- Joined the Army of the Potomac at Fair Oaks June 13.
- Nine-Mile Road, near Richmond, June 18.
- Seven Days before Richmond June 25-July 1.
- Oak Grove, near Fair Oaks, June 25.
- White Oak Swamp and Glendale June 30.
- Malvern Hill July 1 and August 5.
- Duty at Harrison's Landing until August 15.
- Movement to Fortress Monroe, then to Centreville August 15–26.
- Bristoe Station, Kettle Run, August 27.
- Battles of Groveton August 29,
- Second Bull Run August 30,
- Chantilly September 1.
- Duty at Fort Lyon and at Fairfax Station, defenses of Washington, until October 30,
- Munson's Hill until November 2.
- At Fairfax Station until November 25.
- Operations on Orange & Alexandria Railroad November 10–12.
- Battle of Fredericksburg, December 12–15.
- Rappahannock Campaign December 1862 to June 1863.
#### 1863[6]
- "Mud March" January 20–24, 1863.
- At Falmouth until April 27.
- Chancellorsville Campaign April 27-May 6.
- Battle of Chancellorsville May 1–5.
- Gettysburg Campaign June 11-July 24.
- Battle of Gettysburg, July 1–3.
- Wapping Heights, Va, July 23.
- Bristoe Campaign October 9–22.
- Advance to the Rappahannock November 7–8.
- Kelly's Ford November 7.
- Mine Run Campaign November 26-December 2.
- Payne's Farm November 27.
#### 1864[6]
- Demonstration on the Rapidan February 6–7, 1864.
- Duty near Brandy Station until May 1864.
- Overland Campaign May–June.
- Battle of the Wilderness May 5–7,
- Spotsylvania May 8–12,
- Spotsylvania Court House May 12–21.
- Assault on the Salient, Spotsylvania Court House, May 12.
- Harris' Farm, Fredericksburg Road, May 19.
- North Anna River May 23–26.
- Ox Ford May 23–24.
- On line of the Pamunkey May 26–28.
- Totopotomoy May 28–31.
- Cold Harbor June 1–12.
- Siege of Petersburg
- Before Petersburg June 16–18.
- First Battle of Petersburg June 16-July 11.
- Jerusalem Plank Road June 22–23.
- Left front for muster out July 11.
## Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 245 men during service; 16 officers and 134 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 2 officers and 93 enlisted men died of disease.
## Commanders
- Colonel Powell Tremlett Wyman - killed in action at the Battle of Glendale
- Colonel Thomas R. Tannatt
- Lieutenant Colonel Waldo Merriam - commanded at the Battle of Gettysburg until wounded in action on July 2, 1863
- Major Gardner Banks - commanded at the Second Battle of Bull Run
- Captain Matthew Donovan - commanded the Battle of Gettysburg after Ltc Merriam was wounded
### Footnotes
1. ↑ Camp Cameron was an American Civil War training camp that existed in 1861-1862 in North Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was probably named for Simon Cameron, Lincoln's first secretary of war.[2] Other units that trained here included the 1st, 11th, 26th, and 28th regiments of Massachusetts infantry, and the 1st and 8th batteries of light artillery.[3] It was located near Massachusetts Avenue, and was also known at one point as Camp Day after the family that owned the land.[4] Cameron Avenue and Camp Street are named for the camp, and several nearby streets were named after battles.[5]
### Citations
1. ↑ Schouler (1861), p. 42.
2. ↑ Roberts (1988), pp. 396–397.
3. ↑ Browne (2015).
4. ↑ Camp Cameron (2020).
5. ↑ Sullivan (2011).
6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Dyer (1908), p. 1253.
7. ↑ Dyer (1908), p. 1253; Higginson (1896), p. 255-268.
### Sources
- Bowen, James L (1889). Massachusetts in the War 1861–1865 (PDF). Springfield, MA: Clark W. Bryan & Co. pp. 281–289. LCCN 02014318. OCLC 1986476. Retrieved August 8, 2015. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Dyer, Frederick Henry (1908). A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion (PDF). Des Moines, IA: Dyer Pub. Co. pp. 25, 41, 158, 293. 296, 1253. ASIN B01BUFJ76Q. LCCN 09005239. OCLC 8697590. Retrieved August 8, 2015. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Eicher, David J.; McPherson, James M.; McPherson, James Alan (2001). The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War (PDF). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. p. 990. ISBN 978-0-7432-1846-7. LCCN 2001034153. OCLC 231931020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- Esposito, Vincent J. (1959). West Point Atlas of American Wars. New York City: Frederick A. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8050-3391-5. OCLC 60298522. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- Federal Publishing Company (1908). Military Affairs and Regimental Histories of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, And Delaware (PDF). The Union Army: A History of Military Affairs in the Loyal States, 1861–65 – Records of the Regiments in the Union army – Cyclopedia of battles – Memoirs of Commanders and Soldiers. Vol. I. Madison, WI: Federal Publishing Company. pp. 174–175. OCLC 694018100. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Hall, Charles Winslow (1900a). Regiments and Armories of Massachusetts. An historical narration of the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. With portraits and biographies of Officers, past and present, etc (PDF). Vol. I. Boston: W.H. Potter & Co. OCLC 559765857. Retrieved August 8, 2015. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Hall, Charles Winslow (1900b). Regiments and Armories of Massachusetts. An historical narration of the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. With portraits and biographies of Officers, past and present, etc (PDF). Vol. II. Boston: W.H. Potter & Co. OCLC 559765857. Retrieved August 8, 2015. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Headley, Phineas Camp (1866). Massachusetts in the Rebellion: a Record of the Historical Position of the Commonwealth, and the Services of the Leading Statesmen, the Military, the Colleges, and the People, in the Civil War of 1861–65 (PDF). Boston, MA: Walker, Fuller & Co. pp. 224–225. OCLC 8406829. Retrieved August 8, 2015. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Higginson, Thomas Wentworth (State Historian (1896). Massachusetts in the Army and Navy During the War of 1861–65 (PDF). Vol. I. Boston, MA: Wright and Potter Printing Co, State Printers. pp. 50, 51–55, 75–76, 92, 95, 97, 100, 103–104, 115, 117–119, 122, 124, 137, 139, 224–225, 565, 569. OCLC 1049652105. Retrieved August 8, 2015. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Higginson, Thomas Wentworth (State Historian (1895). Massachusetts in the Army and Navy During the War of 1861–65 (PDF). Vol. II. Boston, MA: Wright and Potter Printing Co, State Printers. pp. 176, 183–184, 226, 235. LCCN 02014316. OCLC 1049652105. Retrieved August 8, 2015. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Johnson, Robert Underwood; Buel, Clarence Clough (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson; Clarence Clough Buel (eds.). The Opening Battles. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: Being for the Most Part Contributions by Union and Confederate officers: Based upon "The Century War Series". Vol. I. New York City: The Century Company. p. 784. OCLC 48764702. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Johnson, Robert Underwood; Buel, Clarence Clough (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson; Clarence Clough Buel (eds.). The Struggle Intensifies. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: Being for the Most Part Contributions by Union and Confederate officers: Based upon "The Century War Series". Vol. II. New York City: The Century Company. p. 786. OCLC 48764702. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Johnson, Robert Underwood; Buel, Clarence Clough (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson; Clarence Clough Buel (eds.). The Tide Shifts. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: Being for the Most Part Contributions by Union and Confederate officers: Based upon "The Century War Series". Vol. III. New York City: The Century Company. p. 778. OCLC 48764702. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Johnson, Robert Underwood; Buel, Clarence Clough (1887). Robert Underwood Johnson; Clarence Clough Buel (eds.). Retreat with Honor. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: Being for the Most Part Contributions by Union and Confederate officers: Based upon "The Century War Series". Vol. IV. New York City: The Century Company. p. 778. OCLC 48764702. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- McPherson, James M. (1988). Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (PDF). Oxford History of the United States. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 904. ISBN 978-0-19-503863-7. OCLC 7577667.
- Mink, Eric J. (November 30, 2008). "Armament in the Army of the Potomac at Fredericksburg" (PDF). Mysteries & Conundrums. Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania NMP Staff. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
- Roberts, Robert B. (1988). Encyclopedia of Historic Forts: The Military, Pioneer, and Trading Posts of the United States. New York: Macmillan. pp. 396–397. ISBN 0-02-926880-X.
- Schouler, William (1861). Annual Report of the Adjutant-General, December 31, 1861 (PDF). Boston, MA: Adjutant General's Office, Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved August 8, 2015. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Schouler, William (1868). A History of Massachusetts in the Civil War (PDF). Boston, MA: E.P. Dutton & Co. pp. 189–190, 310, 316, 337, 387, 508, 536, 619, 649. LCCN 02014327. OCLC 2662693. Retrieved August 8, 2015. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Stevens, Jesse F (1931). Massachusetts Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines in the Civil War (PDF). Massachusetts Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines in the Civil War in Eight Volumes. Vol. 2. Norwood, MA: Norwood Press. pp. 409–491. LCCN 31027863. OCLC 11485612. Retrieved December 15, 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Browne, Patrick (May 2015). "Civil War Training Camps in Massachusetts, Part One". Historical Digression.
- "Boston Harbor I - Camp Cameron". American Forts Network. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
- Sullivan, Dan (June 13, 2011). "Camp Cameron: A Civil War Camp in Somerville". Somverille Patch.
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16th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Massachusetts_Infantry_Regiment
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2025-01-27T04:40:53Z
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en
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Q20708470
| 132,734 |
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 16th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
|image=
|caption=
|dates= June 29, 1861 to July 27, 1864
|country= [[United States]]
|allegiance= [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
|branch= [[Infantry]]
|equipment=
<!-- Culture and history -->
|battles=[[Seven Days Battles]]<br/>[[Battle of Glendale]]<br/>[[Second Battle of Bull Run]]<br/>[[Battle of Fredericksburg]]<br/>[[Battle of Chancellorsville]]<br/>[[Battle of Gettysburg]]<br/>[[Bristoe Campaign]]<br/>[[Mine Run Campaign]]<br/>[[Battle of the Wilderness]]<br/>[[Battle of Spotsylvania Court House]]<br/>[[Harris Farm Engagement|Battle of Harris Farm]]<br/>[[Battle of Totopotomoy Creek]]<br/>[[Battle of Cold Harbor]]<br/>[[Siege of Petersburg]]<br/>[[Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road]]
<!-- Commanders -->
| current_commander =
|commander1= Powell T. Wyman
|commander1_label= [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]]
|commander2= Thomas R. Tannatt
|commander2_label= [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]]
|commander3= Waldo Merriam
|commander3_label= [[Lieutenant Colonel (United States)|Lieutenant Colonel]]
<!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol = [[File:IIIcorpsbadge2.png|120px]]
| identification_symbol_label = III Corps (2nd Division) badge
| identification_symbol_2 = [[File:IIcorpsbadge3.png|120px]]
| identification_symbol_2_label = II Corps (3rd Division) badge
}}
{{Military unit sidebar
| title = Massachusetts U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865
| previous =[[15th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment]]
| next =[[17th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment]]
}}
[[File:Chaplain Arthur B. Fuller of 16th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment in uniform) - Silsbee, Case & Co., photographic artists, 299-1-2 Washington Street, Boston. Case & Getchell from Dec. 3d, LCCN2016646134.jpg|thumb|right|Chaplain Arthur B. Fuller of 16th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment. He was killed at Fredericksburg, Virginia, on December 11, 1862. From the Liljenquist Family Collection of Civil War Photographs, Prints and Photographs Division, [[Library of Congress]]]]
The '''16th Massachusetts''' was an [[infantry]] [[regiment]] that served in the [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War]] formed of volunteers from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
==Service==
The 16th Massachusetts was organized at [[Camp Cameron]]{{sfnp|Schouler|1861|p=42}}{{efn-lr|'''Camp Cameron''' was an [[American Civil War]] training camp that existed in 1861-1862 in [[North Cambridge, Massachusetts]]. It was probably named for [[Simon Cameron]], Lincoln's first secretary of war.{{sfnp|Roberts|1988|pp=396–397}} Other units that trained here included the 1st, 11th, 26th, and 28th [[List of Massachusetts Civil War units#Infantry|regiments of Massachusetts infantry]], and the 1st and 8th [[List of Massachusetts Civil War units#Artillery|batteries of light artillery]].{{sfnp|Browne|2015}} It was located near Massachusetts Avenue, and was also known at one point as '''Camp Day''' after the family that owned the land.{{sfnp|Camp Cameron|2020}} Cameron Avenue and Camp Street are named for the camp, and several nearby streets were named after battles.{{sfnp|Sullivan|2011}}}} in [[North Cambridge, Massachusetts|North Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]], June 25, 1861. It mustered into federal service for a three-year enlistment on June 29, 1861 under the command of [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] Powell Tremlett Wyman.
The 16th Massachusetts mustered out of service on July 27, 1864. Veterans and recruits were transferred to the [[11th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry|11th Massachusetts Infantry]].
==Affiliations, battle honors, detailed service, and casualties==
===Organizational affiliation===
Attached to:
* [[Fort Monroe]], [[Department of Virginia]], to May 1862.{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1253}}
* 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Department of Virginia, to June 1862.{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1253}}
* 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, [[III Corps (Union Army)|III Corps]], [[Army of the Potomac]], to March 1864.{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1253}}
* 1st Brigade, 4th Division, [[II Corps (Union Army)|II Corps]], to May 1864.{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1253}}
* 3rd Brigade, 3rd Division, II Corps, to July 1864.{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1253}}
===List of battles===
The official list of battles in which the regiment bore a part:{{sfnmp|1a1=Dyer|1y=1908|1p=1253|2a1=Higginson|2y=1896|2p=255-268}}
{{refbegin|40em}}
* [[Seven Days Battles]]
* [[Battle of Glendale]]
* [[Second Battle of Bull Run]]
* [[Battle of Fredericksburg]]
* [[Battle of Chancellorsville]]
* [[Battle of Gettysburg]]
* [[Bristoe Campaign]]
* [[Mine Run Campaign]]
* [[Battle of the Wilderness]]
* [[Battle of Spotsylvania Court House]]
* [[Harris Farm Engagement|Battle of Harris Farm]]
* [[Battle of Totopotomoy Creek]]
* [[Battle of Cold Harbor]]
* [[Siege of Petersburg]]
* [[Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road]]
{{refend}}
===Detailed service===
{{refbegin|40em}}
==== 1861{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1253}} ====
* Left Massachusetts for [[Old Point Comfort]], Virginia, August 17.
==== 1862{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1253}} ====
* Garrison duty at Fortress Monroe, Va., September 1, 1862 to May 8, 1862.
* Occupation of Norfolk May 10.
* Moved to Suffolk May 17,
* Joined the Army of the Potomac at Fair Oaks June 13.
* Nine-Mile Road, near Richmond, June 18.
* Seven Days before Richmond June 25-July 1.
** Oak Grove, near Fair Oaks, June 25.
** White Oak Swamp and Glendale June 30.
** Malvern Hill July 1 and August 5.
* Duty at Harrison's Landing until August 15.
* Movement to Fortress Monroe, then to Centreville August 15–26.
* Bristoe Station, Kettle Run, August 27.
* Battles of Groveton August 29,
* Second Bull Run August 30,
* Chantilly September 1.
* Duty at Fort Lyon and at Fairfax Station, defenses of Washington, until October 30,
* Munson's Hill until November 2.
* At Fairfax Station until November 25.
* Operations on Orange & Alexandria Railroad November 10–12.
* [[Battle of Fredericksburg]], December 12–15.
* Rappahannock Campaign December 1862 to June 1863.
==== 1863{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1253}} ====
* "Mud March" January 20–24, 1863.
* At Falmouth until April 27.
* Chancellorsville Campaign April 27-May 6.
** [[Battle of Chancellorsville]] May 1–5.
* Gettysburg Campaign June 11-July 24.
** Battle of Gettysburg, July 1–3.
* Wapping Heights, Va, July 23.
* [[Bristoe Campaign]] October 9–22.
* Advance to the Rappahannock November 7–8.
* Kelly's Ford November 7.
* [[Mine Run Campaign]] November 26-December 2.
** Payne's Farm November 27.
==== 1864{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1253}} ====
* Demonstration on the Rapidan February 6–7, 1864.
* Duty near Brandy Station until May 1864.
* [[Overland Campaign]] May–June.
** [[Battle of the Wilderness]] May 5–7,
** Spotsylvania May 8–12,
** Spotsylvania Court House May 12–21.
** Assault on the Salient, Spotsylvania Court House, May 12.
** Harris' Farm, Fredericksburg Road, May 19.
** North Anna River May 23–26.
** Ox Ford May 23–24.
** On line of the Pamunkey May 26–28.
** Totopotomoy May 28–31.
** Cold Harbor June 1–12.
* [[Siege of Petersburg]]
** Before Petersburg June 16–18.
** [[First Battle of Petersburg]] June 16-July 11.
** Jerusalem Plank Road June 22–23.
* Left front for muster out July 11.
{{refend}}
==Casualties==
The regiment lost a total of 245 men during service; 16 officers and 134 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 2 officers and 93 enlisted men died of disease.
==Commanders==
* Colonel Powell Tremlett Wyman - killed in action at the Battle of Glendale
* Colonel Thomas R. Tannatt
* [[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|Lieutenant Colonel]] Waldo Merriam - commanded at the Battle of Gettysburg until wounded in action on July 2, 1863
* [[Major (United States)|Major]] Gardner Banks - commanded at the Second Battle of Bull Run
* [[Captain (United States O-3)|Captain]] Matthew Donovan - commanded the Battle of Gettysburg after Ltc Merriam was wounded
==See also==
{{Portal|American Civil War}}
* [[List of Massachusetts Civil War units]]
* [[Massachusetts in the Civil War]]
* [[Dedham, Massachusetts in the American Civil War]]
* [[List of Massachusetts Civil War Units]]
* [[Massachusetts in the American Civil War]]
==References==
===Footnotes===
{{notelist-lr|60em}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}
===Sources===
{{refbegin |50em}}
* {{cite book |last=Bowen |first=James L |title=Massachusetts in the War 1861–1865 |date=1889 |location=Springfield, MA |publisher=Clark W. Bryan & Co |pages=281–289 |language=en |format=PDF |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_K0tLhkfW1wwC |access-date=August 8, 2015 |url-access=registration |lccn=02014318 |oclc=1986476 }}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book |last=Dyer |first=Frederick Henry |author-link=Frederick H. Dyer |title=A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion |publisher=Dyer Pub. Co. |place=[[Des Moines, IA]] |date=1908 |oclc=8697590 |lccn=09005239 |url=https://archive.org/details/08697590.3359.emory.edu/page/1769/mode/2up?view=theater |language=en |format=PDF |access-date=August 8, 2015 |pages=25, 41, 158, 293. 296, 1253 | asin=B01BUFJ76Q|url-access=registration}}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book |last1=Eicher |first1=David J. |author1-link=David J. Eicher |last2=McPherson |first2=James M. |author2-link=James M. McPherson |last3=McPherson |first3=James Alan |author3-link=James Alan McPherson |title=The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |date=2001 |location=New York, NY |page=990 |language=en |url=https://archive.org/details/longestnightmili00eich |access-date=6 July 2020 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7432-1846-7 |oclc=231931020 |lccn=2001034153 |format=PDF }}
* {{cite book |last=Esposito |first=Vincent J. |title=West Point Atlas of American Wars |publisher=[[Frederick A. Praeger Publishers]] |date=1959 |location=New York City |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3701sm.gcw0097000/?sp=1&st=grid |isbn=978-0-8050-3391-5 |oclc=60298522 |access-date=6 July 2020 |url-access=registration }}
* {{cite book |author=Federal Publishing Company|title=Military Affairs and Regimental Histories of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, And Delaware|publisher=Federal Publishing Company|series=The Union Army: A History of Military Affairs in the Loyal States, 1861–65 – Records of the Regiments in the Union army – Cyclopedia of battles – Memoirs of Commanders and Soldiers.|volume=I|date=1908 |location=[[Madison, WI]]|url=https://archive.org/details/unionarmyhistory01madi/page/60/mode/2up|oclc=694018100 |format=PDF |pages=174–175 }}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book |last=Hall |first=Charles Winslow |title=Regiments and Armories of Massachusetts. An historical narration of the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. With portraits and biographies of Officers, past and present, etc.| volume =I|date=1900a |place=Boston |publisher=W.H. Potter & Co. |oclc=559765857 |url=https://archive.org/details/regimentsarmorie02hall |language=en |format=PDF |access-date=August 8, 2015 |url-access=registration}}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book |last=Hall |first=Charles Winslow |title=Regiments and Armories of Massachusetts. An historical narration of the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. With portraits and biographies of Officers, past and present, etc.| volume =II|date=1900b |place=Boston |publisher=W.H. Potter & Co. |oclc=559765857 |url=https://archive.org/details/regimentsarmorie02hall |language=en |format=PDF |access-date=August 8, 2015 |url-access=registration}}{{PD-notice}}
* {{ cite book |last=Headley |first=Phineas Camp |title=Massachusetts in the Rebellion: a Record of the Historical Position of the Commonwealth, and the Services of the Leading Statesmen, the Military, the Colleges, and the People, in the Civil War of 1861–65 |publisher=Walker, Fuller & Co |place=Boston, MA |format=PDF |date=1866 |oclc=8406829 |url=https://archive.org/details/massachusettsin01headgoog |language=en |access-date=August 8, 2015 |pages=224–225 |url-access=registration }}{{PD-notice}}
* {{ cite book |last=Higginson |first=Thomas Wentworth (State Historian |title=Massachusetts in the Army and Navy During the War of 1861–65 |volume=I |publisher=Wright and Potter Printing Co, State Printers |place=Boston, MA |date=1896 |oclc=1049652105 |pages=50, 51–55, 75–76, 92, 95, 97, 100, 103–104, 115, 117–119, 122, 124, 137, 139, 224–225, 565, 569 |url=https://archive.org/details/massachusettsina01higg/page/224/mode/2up |language=en |format=PDF |access-date=August 8, 2015 |url-access=registration }}{{PD-notice}}
* {{ cite book |last=Higginson |first=Thomas Wentworth (State Historian |title=Massachusetts in the Army and Navy During the War of 1861–65 |volume=II |publisher=Wright and Potter Printing Co, State Printers |place=Boston, MA |date=1895 |lccn=02014316 |oclc=1049652105 |pages=176, 183–184, 226, 235 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kyETAAAAYAAJ |language=en |format=PDF |access-date=August 8, 2015 |url-access=registration }}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Robert Underwood |last2=Buel |first2=Clarence Clough |author-link=Robert Underwood Johnson |author-link2=Clarence Clough Buel |editor=Robert Underwood Johnson |editor2=Clarence Clough Buel |title=The Opening Battles |publisher=[[The Century Company]] |series=Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: Being for the Most Part Contributions by Union and Confederate officers: Based upon "The Century War Series" |volume=I |date=1887 |location=New York City |page=784 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924031044385/page/n10/mode/2up |oclc=48764702 |ref={{sfnref |Johnson & Buel, ''The Opening Battles'' Battles and Leader, vol. I (1887)}} }}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Robert Underwood |last2=Buel |first2=Clarence Clough |author-link=Robert Underwood Johnson |author-link2=Clarence Clough Buel |editor=Robert Underwood Johnson |editor2=Clarence Clough Buel |title=The Struggle Intensifies |publisher=[[The Century Company]] |series=Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: Being for the Most Part Contributions by Union and Confederate officers: Based upon "The Century War Series" |volume=II |date=1887 |location=New York City |page=786 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924031044393/page/n8/mode/2up |oclc=48764702 |ref={{sfnref |Johnson & Buel, ''The Struggle Intensifies'' Battles and Leader, vol. II (1887)}} }}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Robert Underwood |last2=Buel |first2=Clarence Clough |author-link=Robert Underwood Johnson |author-link2=Clarence Clough Buel |editor=Robert Underwood Johnson |editor2=Clarence Clough Buel |title=The Tide Shifts |publisher=[[The Century Company]] |series=Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: Being for the Most Part Contributions by Union and Confederate officers: Based upon "The Century War Series" |volume=III |date=1887 |location=New York City |page=778 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924031044401/page/n8/mode/2up |oclc=48764702 |ref={{sfnref |Johnson & Buel, ''The Tide Shifts'' Battles and Leader, vol. III (1887)}} }}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Robert Underwood |last2=Buel |first2=Clarence Clough |author-link=Robert Underwood Johnson |author-link2=Clarence Clough Buel |editor=Robert Underwood Johnson |editor2=Clarence Clough Buel |title=Retreat with Honor |publisher=[[The Century Company]] |series=Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: Being for the Most Part Contributions by Union and Confederate officers: Based upon "The Century War Series" |volume=IV |date=1887 |location=New York City |page=778 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924081314753/page/n10/mode/2up |oclc=48764702 |ref={{sfnref |Johnson & Buel, ''Retreat with Honor'' Battles and Leader, vol. IV (1887)}} }}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book | last=McPherson | first=James M. | author-link=James M. McPherson | title=Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era | publisher=Oxford University Press | series=Oxford History of the United States | date=1988 | location=Oxford, UK | page=904 | url=https://archive.org/details/battlecryoffreed0000unse/page/n5/mode/2up | format=PDF | isbn=978-0-19-503863-7 | oclc=7577667 }}
* {{cite web |last=Mink |first=Eric J. |url=https://npsfrsp.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/aop-armament-fredericksburg2.pdf |title=Armament in the Army of the Potomac at Fredericksburg |publisher=Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania NMP Staff |website=Mysteries & Conundrums |date=November 30, 2008 |ref={{sfnref |Mink, ''Armament in the Army of the Potomac,'' (2008), p.41}} |access-date=November 14, 2020 }}
* {{cite book | last = Roberts | first = Robert B. | title = Encyclopedia of Historic Forts: The Military, Pioneer, and Trading Posts of the United States | publisher = Macmillan | year = 1988 | location = New York | isbn = 0-02-926880-X | pages = 396–397 }}
* {{cite book |last=Schouler |first=William |author-link=William Schouler |title=Annual Report of the Adjutant-General, December 31, 1861 |date=1861 |location=Boston, MA |publisher=Adjutant General's Office, Commonwealth of Massachusetts |url=https://archive.org/details/annualreportofa1861mass/page/n5/mode/2up |language=en |format=PDF |access-date=August 8, 2015 |url-access=registration }}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book |last=Schouler |first=William |author-link=William Schouler |title=A History of Massachusetts in the Civil War |publisher=E.P. Dutton & Co |location=Boston, MA |date=1868 |pages=189–190, 310, 316, 337, 387, 508, 536, 619, 649 |lccn=02014327 |oclc=2662693 |language=en |format=PDF |url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorymassach01schogoog |access-date=August 8, 2015 |url-access=registration }}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite book |last=Stevens |first=Jesse F |title=Massachusetts Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines in the Civil War |publisher=Norwood Press |series=Massachusetts Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines in the Civil War in Eight Volumes |volume=2 |date=1931 |location=Norwood, MA |pages=409–491 |lccn=31027863 |oclc=11485612 |language=en |format=PDF |url=https://archives.lib.state.ma.us/handle/2452/50883 |access-date=December 15, 2021 }}{{PD-notice}}
* {{cite web |website=Historical Digression |first1=Patrick |last1=Browne |date=May 2015 |title=Civil War Training Camps in Massachusetts, Part One |url=https://historicaldigression.com/2015/05/20/civil-war-training-camps-in-massachusetts/}}
* {{cite web|title=Boston Harbor I - Camp Cameron |url=http://www.northamericanforts.com/East/maboston1.html#cam |publisher=American Forts Network |access-date=13 July 2020|ref={{sfnref|Camp Cameron|2020}} }}
* {{cite news |url=https://patch.com/massachusetts/somerville/bp--camp-cameron-a-civil-war-camp-in-somerville |title=Camp Cameron: A Civil War Camp in Somerville |first=Dan |last=Sullivan |date=June 13, 2011 |newspaper=Somverille Patch}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
* [http://gettysburg.stonesentinels.com/union-monuments/massachusetts/16th-massachusetts/ 16th Massachusetts Infantry monument at Gettysburg]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1861]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1864]]
[[Category:Units and formations of the Union army from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:1861 establishments in Massachusetts]]
| 1,272,103,181 |
[{"title": "16th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry", "data": {"Active": "June 29, 1861 to July 27, 1864", "Country": "United States", "Allegiance": "Union", "Branch": "Infantry", "Engagements": "Seven Days Battles \u00b7 Battle of Glendale \u00b7 Second Battle of Bull Run \u00b7 Battle of Fredericksburg \u00b7 Battle of Chancellorsville \u00b7 Battle of Gettysburg \u00b7 Bristoe Campaign \u00b7 Mine Run Campaign \u00b7 Battle of the Wilderness \u00b7 Battle of Spotsylvania Court House \u00b7 Battle of Harris Farm \u00b7 Battle of Totopotomoy Creek \u00b7 Battle of Cold Harbor \u00b7 Siege of Petersburg \u00b7 Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Colonel": ["Powell T. Wyman", "Thomas R. Tannatt"], "Lieutenant Colonel": "Waldo Merriam"}}, {"title": "", "data": {"Previous": "Next", "15th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment": "17th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment"}}]
| false |
# 1597 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1597.
## Events
- February – Pembroke's Men contract with Francis Langley to play the next year at his new Swan Theatre in London.[1]
- By March – Romeo and Juliet becomes the first of Shakespeare's plays to be published as a "bad quarto".[2]
- March 17 – After the death of William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham on March 5, his place as Lord Chamberlain of England is taken by George Carey, 2nd Baron Hunsdon, son of a previous Lord Chamberlain. Lord Hunsdon reverses Cobham's policy of hostility toward the actors in English Renaissance theatre and returns to his father's policy of general tolerance and patronage. The playing company under his patronage, which includes William Shakespeare and Richard Burbage, becomes the Lord Chamberlain's Men.
- April 23 – The feast for the Order of the Garter at the Palace of Whitehall in London is a likely occasion for the first performance of Shakespeare's comedy The Merry Wives of Windsor.[3]
- c. May 1 – The first performance of George Chapman's An Humorous Day's Mirth is the first comedy of humours played by the Admiral's Men at The Rose Theatre in London.[4]
- July – The season goes disastrously wrong for Pembroke's Men, when they stage the scandalous play The Isle of Dogs in London. This provokes the authorities to close all of the London theatres for the remainder of the summer. Ben Jonson, co-writer of the play with Thomas Nashe, is arrested on the orders of Queen Elizabeth I of England's "interrogator", Richard Topcliffe, briefly jailed in Marshalsea Prison, and charged with "Leude and mutynous behavior".[5]
- December – Miguel de Cervantes is jailed in Seville for discrepancies in his accounts as a tax collector.[6]
## New books
### Prose
- Francis Bacon – Essays[7]
- Thomas Beard – The Theatre of God's Judgements[8]
- William Burton and Thomas Creede (translated from the Greek of Achilles Tatius) – The Most Delectable and Pleasaunt History of Clitiphon and Leucippe (translated from Leucippe and Clitophon)
- Johannes Vodnianus Campanus – Turcicorum tyrannorum qui inde usque ab Otomanno rebus Turcicis praefuerunt, descriptio[9]
- Gabriel Harvey – The Trimming of Thomas Nashe Gentleman
- Christopher Middleton – The Famous Historie of Chinon of England[10]
- Thomas Morley – Plain and Easy Introduction to Practical Music
- Dinko Zlatarić – Ljubav i smrt Pirama i Tizbe, iz veće tuđijeh jezika u hrvacki složene (Love and Death of Pyramus and Thisbe, Translated into Croatian from Several Foreign Languages)
### Drama
- George Chapman – An Humorous Day's Mirth
- Richard Hathwaye – King Arthur
- John Lyly – The Woman in the Moon published
- John Marston – Histriomastix
- Anthony Munday and Michael Drayton – Mother Redcap
- Thomas Nashe and Ben Jonson – The Isle of Dogs
- William Shakespeare
- The Merry Wives of Windsor
- Richard II, Richard III, and Romeo and Juliet (the "bad quarto") published
### Poetry
- Michael Drayton – Englands Heroicall Epistles
## Births
- February 24 – Vincent Voiture, French poet (died 1648)[11]
- July 5 – Sigismondo Boldoni, Italian writer, poet, and physician (died 1630)
- December 23 – Martin Opitz von Boberfeld, German poet (died 1639)
- Unknown date – Wang Wei (王微), Chinese poet and prostitute (died 1647)
- Approximate year – Thomas Cage, English writer and cleric (died 1656)
## Deaths
- February 2 – James Burbage, English actor (born c. 1530)[12]
- February 6 – Franciscus Patricius, Italian philosopher and scientist (born 1529)[13]
- June 6 – William Hunnis, English poet
- July 20 – Franciscus Raphelengius, Flemish-born printer and bookseller (born 1539)[14]
- October 28 – Aldus Manutius the Younger, Italian grammarian and proprietor of the Aldine Press (born 1547)[15]
- December 11 – Jakob Miller, Catholic reformist theologian (born 1550)[16]
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{refimprove|date=June 2015}}
{{Year nav topic5|1597|literature}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2020}}
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of '''1597'''.
==Events==
*February – [[Pembroke's Men]] contract with [[Francis Langley]] to play the next year at his new [[The Swan (theatre)|Swan Theatre]] in London.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Andrew Gurr|author2=Professor of English Andrew Gurr|title=The Shakespearean Stage, 1574-1642|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e7RMBBVhgIwC&pg=PA42|date=23 January 1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-42240-6|pages=42}}</ref>
*By March – ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' becomes the first of Shakespeare's plays to be published as a "[[bad quarto]]".<ref>{{cite book|author=Stanley Wells|title=Shakespeare Survey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNvmu2oC5jQC&pg=PA27|date=28 November 2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52388-2|pages=27}}</ref>
*[[March 17]] – After the death of [[William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham]] on March 5, his place as [[Lord Chamberlain]] of England is taken by [[George Carey, 2nd Baron Hunsdon]], son of a previous Lord Chamberlain. Lord Hunsdon reverses Cobham's policy of hostility toward the actors in [[English Renaissance theatre]] and returns to his father's policy of general tolerance and patronage. The [[playing company]] under his patronage, which includes [[William Shakespeare]] and [[Richard Burbage]], becomes the [[Lord Chamberlain's Men]].
*[[April 23]] – The feast for the [[Order of the Garter]] at the [[Palace of Whitehall]] in London is a likely occasion for the first performance of Shakespeare's comedy ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Duncan-Jones |first=Katherine |title=Ungentle Shakespeare: scenes from his life |url=https://archive.org/details/ungentleshakespe0000dunc |url-access=registration |year=2001 |publisher=[[Arden Shakespeare]] |location=London |isbn=1-903436-26-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/ungentleshakespe0000dunc/page/97 97]}}</ref>
*c. [[May 1]] – The first performance of [[George Chapman]]'s ''[[An Humorous Day's Mirth]]'' is the first [[comedy of humours]] played by the [[Admiral's Men]] at [[The Rose (theatre)|The Rose Theatre]] in London.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://digitalrenaissance.uvic.ca/doc/AHDM_TextIntro/section/Dating%20the%20Play/|title=Dating the Play|website=Digital Renaissance|access-date=6 November 2024}}</ref>
*July – The season goes disastrously wrong for [[Pembroke's Men]], when they stage the scandalous play ''[[The Isle of Dogs (play)|The Isle of Dogs]]'' in London. This provokes the authorities to close all of the London theatres for the remainder of the summer. [[Ben Jonson]], co-writer of the play with [[Thomas Nashe]], is arrested on the orders of Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]]'s "interrogator", [[Richard Topcliffe]], briefly jailed in [[Marshalsea Prison]], and charged with "Leude and mutynous behavior".<ref>{{cite book|title=English Professional Theatre, 1530-1660|editor1=Glynne Wickham|editor2=Herbert Berry|editor3=William Ingram|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|page=101}}</ref>
*December – [[Miguel de Cervantes]] is jailed in [[Seville]] for discrepancies in his accounts as a [[tax collector]].<ref>{{cite book|author=James Fitzmaurice-Kelly|title=Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra: A Memoir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SVllAAAAMAAJ|year=1913|publisher=Clarendon Press|page=98}}</ref>
==New books==
===Prose===
*[[Francis Bacon]] – ''[[Essays (Francis Bacon)|Essays]]''<ref>{{cite book|author=Francis Bacon|title=Bacon's Essays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e2ULFWfeTyIC&pg=PA273|year=1876|publisher=Longmans, Green, and Company|pages=273}}</ref>
*[[Thomas Beard (theologian)|Thomas Beard]] – ''The Theatre of God's Judgements''<ref>{{cite book|author=Christopher Marlowe|title=Edward the Second|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MBFbDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA226|date=15 October 2010|publisher=Broadview Press|isbn=978-1-55111-910-6|pages=226}}</ref>
*[[William Burton (antiquary, died 1645)|William Burton]] and [[Thomas Creede]] (translated from the Greek of [[Achilles Tatius]]) – ''The Most Delectable and Pleasaunt History of Clitiphon and Leucippe'' (translated from ''[[Leucippe and Clitophon]]'')
*[[Johannes Vodnianus Campanus]] – ''Turcicorum tyrannorum qui inde usque ab Otomanno rebus Turcicis praefuerunt, descriptio''<ref>{{cite book|author=Jan Campanus Vodňanský|title=Turcicorum tyrannorum qui inde usque ab Otomanno rebus Turcicis praefuerunt, Descriptio|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YtZdAAAAcAAJ|year=1597|publisher=Typis Otthmarianis}}</ref>
*[[Gabriel Harvey]] – ''The Trimming of Thomas Nashe Gentleman''
*[[Christopher Middleton (d. 1628)|Christopher Middleton]] – ''The Famous Historie of Chinon of England''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Henslowe |first1=Philip |title=Henslowe's Diary, Part II: Commentary |date=1908 |publisher=A. H. Bullen |page=178 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IPjQAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA178 |accessdate=17 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Thomas Morley]] – ''Plain and Easy Introduction to Practical Music''
*[[Dinko Zlatarić]] – ''Ljubav i smrt Pirama i Tizbe, iz veće tuđijeh jezika u hrvacki složene (Love and Death of Pyramus and Thisbe, Translated into Croatian from Several Foreign Languages)''
===Drama===
*[[George Chapman]] – ''[[An Humorous Day's Mirth]]''
*[[Richard Hathwaye]] – ''King Arthur''
*[[John Lyly]] – ''[[The Woman in the Moon (play)|The Woman in the Moon]]'' published
*[[John Marston (playwright)|John Marston]] – ''[[Histriomastix]]''
*[[Anthony Munday]] and [[Michael Drayton]] – ''[[Mother Redcap]]''
*[[Thomas Nashe]] and [[Ben Jonson]] – ''[[The Isle of Dogs (play)|The Isle of Dogs]]''
*[[William Shakespeare]]
**''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]''
**''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]],'' ''[[Richard III (play)|Richard III]],'' and ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' (the "[[bad quarto]]") published
===Poetry===
{{Main|1597 in poetry}}
*[[Michael Drayton]] – ''Englands Heroicall Epistles''
==Births==
*[[February 24]] – [[Vincent Voiture]], French poet (died [[1648 in literature|1648]])<ref>{{EB1911 |wstitle=Voiture, Vincent |volume=28 |page=177}}</ref>
*[[July 5]] – [[Sigismondo Boldoni]], Italian writer, poet, and physician (died [[1630 in literature|1630]])
*[[December 23]] – [[Martin Opitz von Boberfeld]], German poet (died [[1639 in literature|1639]])
*''Unknown date'' – [[Wang Wei (17th-century poet)|Wang Wei]] (王微), Chinese poet and prostitute (died [[1647 in literature|1647]])
*''Approximate year'' – [[Thomas Gage (clergyman)|Thomas Cage]], English writer and cleric (died [[1656 in literature|1656]])
==Deaths==
*[[February 2]] – [[James Burbage]], English actor (born c. 1530)<ref>{{cite book|author=Glynne William Gladstone Wickham|title=1576 to 1660, Part I|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eyJI-DXF9d8C&pg=PA15|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-19785-4|pages=15}}</ref>
*[[February 6]] – [[Franciscus Patricius]], Italian philosopher and scientist (born [[1529 in literature|1529]])<ref>Maria Muccillo: ''Il platonismo all'Università di Roma: Francesco Patricius. '' In: ''Roma e lo Studium Urbis'', Rome 1992, pp. 200–247, p. 234, note 88.</ref>
*[[June 6]] – [[William Hunnis]], English poet
*[[July 20]] – [[Franciscus Raphelengius]], Flemish-born printer and bookseller (born [[1539 in literature|1539]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Lajb Fuks|author2=Renate G. Fuks-Mansfeld|title=Hebrew Typography in the Northern Netherlands, 1585-1815: Historical Evaluation, and Descriptive Bibliography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mNmovrP9k0MC&pg=PA17|year=1984|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-07056-7|pages=17}}</ref>
*[[October 28]] – [[Aldus Manutius the Younger]], Italian grammarian and proprietor of the [[Aldine Press]] (born [[1547 in literature|1547]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopaedia Britannica, Or, Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AFM0AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA239|year=1842|publisher=Adam and Charles Black|pages=239}}</ref>
*[[December 11]] – [[Jakob Miller]], Catholic reformist theologian (born [[1550 in literature|1550]])<ref>{{in lang|de}}{{cite web|url=https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00016335/image_537|title=Miller, Jakob|website=Neue Deutsche Biographie|volume=17|publisher=Duncker & Humblot}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Year in literature article categories}}
| 1,272,628,435 |
[]
| false |
# 12th International Emmy Awards
The 12th Annual International Emmy Awards took place on November 19, 1984, in New York City and was hosted by Regis Philbin. The award ceremony, presented by the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences(IATAS), honors all programming produced and originally aired outside the United States.
## Ceremony
The awards ceremony was presented by the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (IATAS), and was attended by 144 programs from 25 countries, excluding the United States. The drama award went to Granada Television for Jewel in the Crown, a story of the clash of English and Indian cultures in 1942. Britain's Channel Four Television won the documentary award for The Heart of the Dragon, a program about China's history. The performing arts award also went to Channel Four for The Tragedy of Carmen, based on Georges Bizet's opera.
Thames Television also won two awards - in the popular arts category, Fresh Fields, about a housewife preparing to begin a career outside the home, and in children's programs, Wind in the Willows, the adventures of four animals in the guise of Edwardian gentleman.
Filmmaker David L. Wolper won the Founder's Award. The Directorate Award went to Lord Bernstein, president of the Granada Group and founding executive of Granada Television.
## Winners
### Best Children & Young People
- Wind in the Willows (Great Britain: Thames Television)
### Best Documentary
- Heart of the Dragon (Great Britain: Channel Four Television)
### Best Drama
- Jewel in the Crown (Great Britain: Granada Television)
### Best Performing Arts
- The Tragedy of Carmen (Great Britain: Channel Four Television)
### Best Popular Arts Program
- Fresh Fields (Great Britain: Thames Television)
|
enwiki/44880879
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enwiki
| 44,880,879 |
12th International Emmy Awards
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_International_Emmy_Awards
|
2024-06-27T08:10:09Z
|
en
|
Q20053815
| 74,625 |
{{Short description|1984 awards ceremony}}
{{Infobox award
| name = 12th International Emmy Awards
| image =
| caption =
| date = {{unbulleted list
| {{start date|1984|11|19}}
}}
| location = Sheraton New York Times Square Hotel, [[New York City]]
| host = [[Regis Philbin]]
| network =
| producer =
| previous = [[11th International Emmy Awards|11th]]
| main = {{nowrap|[[International Emmy Award]]s}}
| next = [[13th International Emmy Awards|13th]]
}}
The '''12th Annual International Emmy Awards''' took place on November 19, 1984, in [[New York City]] and was hosted by [[Regis Philbin]]. The award ceremony, presented by the [[International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences]](IATAS), honors all programming produced and originally aired outside the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1842&dat=19841118&id=v1seAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BMgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4027,4101338|title=Award presenters|publisher=Times Daily|date=November 18, 1983}}</ref>
== Ceremony ==
The awards ceremony was presented by the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (IATAS), and was attended by 144 programs from 25 countries, excluding the United States. The drama award went to [[Granada Television]] for ''[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|Jewel in the Crown]]'', a story of the clash of English and Indian cultures in 1942. Britain's [[Channel Four Television]] won the documentary award for ''The Heart of the Dragon'', a program about China's history. The performing arts award also went to Channel Four for ''The Tragedy of Carmen'', based on [[Georges Bizet]]'s opera.<ref>(November 21, 1984) ''Britain Sweeps International Emmys''. Latin America Daily Post, Page 3. Retrieved March 11, 2015.</ref>
Thames Television also won two awards - in the popular arts category, ''[[Fresh Fields]]'', about a housewife preparing to begin a career outside the home, and in children's programs, ''[[The Wind in the Willows (TV series)|Wind in the Willows]]'', the adventures of four animals in the guise of Edwardian gentleman.
Filmmaker [[David L. Wolper]] won the [[International Emmy Founders Award|Founder's Award]]. The Directorate Award went to [[Sidney Bernstein, Baron Bernstein|Lord Bernstein]], president of the Granada Group and founding executive of Granada Television.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1842&dat=19841118&id=v1seAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BMgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4027,4101338|title = Times Daily - Google News Archive Search}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1345&dat=19841120&id=uSEuAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kPkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7049,742578|title=International Emmy Awards honors Wolper of Roots|publisher=Spokane Chronicle |access-date=2014-12-29}}</ref>
== Winners ==
=== Best Children & Young People ===
* ''[[The Wind in the Willows (1983 film)|Wind in the Willows]]'' (Great Britain: Thames Television)
=== Best Documentary ===
* ''[[Heart of the Dragon (British TV series)|Heart of the Dragon]]'' (Great Britain: Channel Four Television)
=== Best Drama ===
* ''[[The Jewel in the Crown (TV series)|Jewel in the Crown]]'' (Great Britain: Granada Television)
===Best Performing Arts ===
* ''The Tragedy of Carmen'' (Great Britain: Channel Four Television)
=== Best Popular Arts Program ===
* ''[[Fresh Fields]]'' (Great Britain: Thames Television)
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{International Emmy Awards ceremonies}}
[[Category:International Emmy Awards ceremonies]]
[[Category:1984 television awards|International]]
[[Category:1984 in American television|International]]
| 1,231,244,963 |
[{"title": "12th International Emmy Awards", "data": {"Date": "- November 19, 1984", "Location": "Sheraton New York Times Square Hotel, New York City", "Hosted by": "Regis Philbin"}}]
| false |
# 12 Lagu Islami Terbaik - Fatin & Friends
12 Lagu Islami Terbaik - Fatin & Friends is a 12 track compilation album by various artists that was released through Sony Music Entertainment Indonesia on 24 June 2014. This album, 12 Lagu Islami Terbaik - Fatin & Friends features a 12 tracks Islamic songs, in which many have that song so popular in Ramadhan. There is new songs from this album, "Proud of You Moslem" and "Oh Tuhan", sung by Fatin Shidqia, which become first single from this album. This album only sold in Gramedia bookstore and iTunes.
## Track listing
| No. | Title | Singer (s) | Length |
| ------------- | ------------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ------ |
| 1. | "Oh Tuhan" | Fatin Shidqia | 3:53 |
| 2. | "Proud of You Moslem" | Fatin Shidqia | 3:45 |
| 3. | "Kisah 8 Dirham" | Gita Gutawa | 3:22 |
| 4. | "Akhirnya (Ramadhan Version)" | Nindy & Dide Hijau Daun | 4:32 |
| 5. | "Arti Puasa" | Tasya | 2:58 |
| 6. | "Lupakah Engkau?" | Audy | 4:30 |
| 7. | "Tadarus" | Ihsan | 3:16 |
| 8. | "Maha Pengasih Maha Penyayang" | Gito Rollies | 4:11 |
| 9. | "Kuatkan Aku" | Vagetoz | 4:07 |
| 10. | "Rasul Menyuruh Mencintai Anak Yatim" | Atina | 4:31 |
| 11. | "Ikhlas" | Gito Rollies | 4:07 |
| 12. | "Dengan Menyebut Nama Allah" | Lana Nitibaskara | 4:28 |
| Total length: | Total length: | Total length: | 47:40 |
|
enwiki/49587021
|
enwiki
| 49,587,021 |
12 Lagu Islami Terbaik - Fatin & Friends
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_Lagu_Islami_Terbaik_-_Fatin_%26_Friends
|
2025-03-15T18:03:04Z
|
en
|
Q19723587
| 28,976 |
{{Infobox album
| name = 12 Lagu Islami Terbaik - Fatin & Friends
| type = compilation
| artist = [[Various artists]]
| cover = Fatin and Friends 2014.jpg
| alt =
| released = 24 June 2014
| recorded = 2001–2014
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Pop music|Pop]]
| length = 47:40
| label = [[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony Music Entertainment Indonesia]]{{br}}
| producer =
| chronology = [[Fatin Shidqia]]
| prev_title = [[For You (Fatin Shidqia album)|For You]]
| prev_year = 2013
| next_title = [[Dreams (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|Dreams]]
| next_year = 2016
| misc = {{Singles
| name = 12 Lagu Islami Terbaik - Fatin & Friends
| type = Compilation
| single1 = [[Proud of You Moslem]]
| single1date = 18 June 2014
}}
}}
'''12 Lagu Islami Terbaik - Fatin & Friends''' is a 12 track [[compilation album]] by [[various artists]] that was released through [[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony Music Entertainment Indonesia]] on 24 June 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/id/album/12-lagu-islami-terbaik-fatin/892316032|title = iTunes (ID) - Music - Various Artists - 12 Lagu Islami Terbaik Fatin & Friends|access-date = 28 February 2016|date = 24 June 2014|work = [[iTunes Store]] (ID)}}</ref> This album, ''12 Lagu Islami Terbaik - Fatin & Friends'' features a 12 tracks Islamic songs, in which many have that song so popular in [[Ramadhan]]. There is new songs from this album, "[[:id:Proud of You Moslem|Proud of You Moslem]]" and "Oh Tuhan", sung by [[Fatin Shidqia]], which become first single from this album.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.okezone.com/read/2014/06/24/389/1003571/rilis-album-religi-fatin-libatkan-mendiang-gito-rollies|title=Rilis Album Religi, Fatin Libatkan Mendiang Gito Rollies|work=Okezone|date=24 June 2014|accessdate=28 February 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140807083903/http://music.okezone.com/read/2014/06/24/389/1003571/rilis-album-religi-fatin-libatkan-mendiang-gito-rollies|archive-date=2014-08-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> This album only sold in Gramedia bookstore and [[iTunes]].
== Track listing ==
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer (s)
| total_length = 47:40
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Oh Tuhan
| note1 =
| singer1 =
| extra1 = [[Fatin Shidqia]]
| length1 = 3:53
| title2 = [[Proud of You Moslem]]
| note2 =
| singer2 =
| extra2 = [[Fatin Shidqia]]
| length2 = 3:45
| title3 = Kisah 8 Dirham
| note3 =
| singer3 =
| extra3 = [[Gita Gutawa]]
| length3 = 3:22
| title4 = Akhirnya (Ramadhan Version)
| note4 =
| singer4 =
| extra4 = [[Nindy]] & Dide ''Hijau Daun''
| length4 = 4:32
| title5 = Arti Puasa
| note5 =
| singer5 =
| extra5 = Tasya
| length5 = 2:58
| title6 = Lupakah Engkau?
| note6 =
| singer6 =
| extra6 = [[Audy]]
| length6 = 4:30
| title7 = Tadarus
| note7 =
| singer7 =
| extra7 = Ihsan
| length7 = 3:16
| title8 = Maha Pengasih Maha Penyayang
| note8 =
| singer8 =
| extra8 = Gito Rollies
| length8 = 4:11
| title9 = Kuatkan Aku
| note9 =
| singer9 =
| extra9 = Vagetoz
| length9 = 4:07
| title10 = Rasul Menyuruh Mencintai Anak Yatim
| note10 =
| singer10 =
| extra10 =Atina
| length10 = 4:31
| title11 = Ikhlas
| note11 =
| singer11 =
| extra11 = Gito Rollies
| length11 = 4:07
| title12 = Dengan Menyebut Nama Allah
| note12 =
| singer12 =
| extra12 = Lana Nitibaskara
| length12 = 4:28
}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:12 Lagu Islami Terbaik - Fatin and Friends}}
[[Category:2014 compilation albums]]
| 1,280,642,376 |
[{"title": "Compilation album by Various artists", "data": {"Released": "24 June 2014", "Recorded": "2001\u20132014", "Genre": "Pop", "Length": "47:40", "Label": "Sony Music Entertainment Indonesia"}}, {"title": "Fatin Shidqia chronology", "data": {"For You \u00b7 (2013)": "12 Lagu Islami Terbaik - Fatin & Friends \u00b7 (2014) \u00b7 Dreams \u00b7 (2016)"}}, {"title": "Singles from 12 Lagu Islami Terbaik - Fatin & Friends", "data": {"Singles from 12 Lagu Islami Terbaik - Fatin & Friends": "1. \"Proud of You Moslem\" \u00b7 Released: 18 June 2014"}}]
| false |
# 1642 in Spain
Events in the year 1642 in Spain.
## Incumbents
- Monarch - Philip IV
## Events
- March 4 - Siege of São Filipe near Angra do Heroismo in Azores ends with Portuguese victory
- March 28 - Catalan Revolt: Battle of Montmeló
- June 29-July 3 - Battle of Barcelona[1]
- August - The Dutch drive the Spanish out of their colony of Spanish Formosa and regain control.[2] Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera, governor of the Philippines, is blamed for the loss of Formosa and eventually tried in court for his actions.[3]
- September 9 - Siege of Perpignan (1642). 500 Spanish survive out of original garrison of 3,000[4]
- October 7 - Battle of Lerida (1642)
## Deaths
- November 5 - Luis de Valdivia, Jesuit missionary (born 1560)
|
enwiki/43095287
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enwiki
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1642 in Spain
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1642_in_Spain
|
2025-01-19T22:51:41Z
|
en
|
Q17508054
| 155,826 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in Spain|1642}}
Events in the year '''1642 in [[Spain]]'''.
==Incumbents==
*Monarch - [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]]
==Events==
*March 4 - [[Siege of São Filipe]] near [[Angra do Heroismo]] in [[Azores]] ends with [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese]] victory
*March 28 - [[Reapers' War|Catalan Revolt]]: [[Battle of Montmeló]]
*June 29-July 3 - [[Battle of Barcelona]]<ref>{{cite book | last = La Roncière | first = Charles de | title = Histoire de la marine française. Vol I | publisher = E. Plon, Nourrit | year = 1899 | location = Paris |language=fr |page=85}}</ref>
*August - The Dutch drive the Spanish out of their colony of [[Spanish Formosa]] and regain control.<ref>{{cite book|author1-link=Tonio Andrade|last=Andrade|first=Tonio|title=How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2005|url=http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/}}</ref> [[Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera]], governor of the Philippines, is blamed for the loss of Formosa and eventually tried in court for his actions.<ref name="Spaniards-Taiwan">{{cite web |url=http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~borao/2Profesores/Paper%20Macao%20Overview.pdf |title=An Overview of the Spaniards in Taiwan |access-date=2012-05-16 |publisher=University of Taiwan |work=University of Taiwan Foreign Languages in Literature |author=Jose Eugenio Barrio |year=2007}}</ref>
*September 9 - [[Siege of Perpignan (1642)]]. 500 Spanish survive out of original garrison of 3,000<ref>J. Sanabre. ''La acción de Francia en Cataluña en la pugna por la hegemonía de Europa'' (1640-1659). Barcelona, 1956</ref>
*October 7 - [[Battle of Lerida (1642)]]
==Deaths==
*November 5 - [[Luis de Valdivia]], Jesuit missionary (born [[1560 in Spain|1560]])
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{commons category}}
{{Spain year nav}}
{{Europe topic|1642 in}}
[[Category:1642 in Spain| ]]
[[Category:1640s in Spain]]
| 1,270,519,101 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1641 - 1640 - 1639": "1642 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Spain \u00b7 \u2192 - 1643 - 1644 - 1645", "Decades": "1620s 1630s 1640s 1650s 1660s", "See also": "Other events of 1642 \u00b7 List of years in Spain"}}]
| false |
# 149th Mixed Aviation Division
The 149th Mixed Aviation Division (149 sad) (Russian: 149-я смешанная авиационная дивизия (149 сад); Military Unit Number 63352 after 1992) was an aviation division of the Russian Air Force.
The division began its history as the 149th Fighter Aviation Division PVO of the Soviet National Air Defense Forces (PVO) during World War II, stationed in the Far East. It participated in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria and was transferred to the Soviet Air Forces during the Cold War in 1952. The division was sent to serve in China for air defense before being transferred to Poland in 1955, where it became part of the 37th (later the 4th) Air Army. Headquartered at Szprotawa, the division converted to attack aircraft in 1960, becoming the 149th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division. The division was redesignated as the 149th Bomber Aviation Division when its units received the Sukhoi Su-24 in 1982 and was withdrawn from Poland after the end of the Cold War. Under the Russian Air Force, the division was renamed the 149th Mixed Aviation Division and controlled the fixed-wing bomber and reconnaissance aircraft regiments of the 76th Air Army and then the 6th Air and Air Defence Forces Army in the Leningrad Military District before its disbandment in the 2000s.
## History
### World War II
The division was formed at Khabarovsk during World War II as the 149th Fighter Aviation Division PVO (IAD) on 7 August 1942, part of the Far Eastern Air Defense Zone of the Far Eastern Front (DVF). Major Yefim Chervyakov, promoted to lieutenant colonel on 16 October of that year, was appointed division commander. The division included three fighter aviation regiments (IAP), the 3rd, the 18th at Khabarovsk, and the 60th at Dzyomgi, which had all previously been under Air Force (VVS) control. The 18th IAP was equipped with the modern LaGG-3, but the 3rd and 60th IAPs still retained the obsolete Polikarpov I-16; Soviet aviation units in the Far East were low-priority for receiving new aircraft since they were not in an active combat zone. The regiments of the 149th IAD PVO were the only aviation units within the air defense zone until 1945.
The 3rd IAP was transferred back to the 11th Air Army of the VVS DVF on 10 April 1943 but returned to the 149th IAD on 9 June; it was shifted back to the 11th Air Army on 26 October, leaving the division with only the 18th and 60th IAPs. Chervyakov was relieved of command in mid-October 1943 due to a high accident rate in the division. He was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Mikhail Kozlov. In early 1945, the 18th and 60th IAPs converted to the Yakovlev Yak-9. The new 3rd IAP, renamed from the 534th IAP when the units swapped designations, joined the 149th from the 10th Air Army of the VVS DVF on 5 May 1945 and converted to the Yak-9 before the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. During the same month, the 400th IAP PVO joined the division after arriving from Europe by rail without aircraft and received the Lavochkin La-7 before the invasion began.
The division became part of the Amur Air Defense Army when the zone was split in 1945 and during the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, it provided air cover for Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, and Nikolayevsk as well as rear communications, concentration areas, and troops of the 2nd Far Eastern Front. Elements of the division participated in the Sungari Offensive and the Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin, in which they did not face Japanese air resistance. The lack of Japanese air activity and bad weather resulted in the units of the division flying very few combat missions during the war; for example, four out of 22 sorties flown by the 18th IAP were escort for the transport aircraft of Soviet theatre commander Marshal Aleksandr Vasilevsky. After the end of the war, Kozlov commanded the division until his death in an accident near the Nikolayevka airfield on 7 June 1946.
### Cold War
The 3rd IAP was re-equipped with the Yak-3 in January 1946 and entered the jet age when it received the MiG-15 in September 1951. The 400th IAD was disbanded in 1946. The 582nd IAP was transferred to the division from the 249th IAD in February 1949, replacing the 60th IAP which was shifted to the Air Force. The division was shifted from the PVO to the Air Force on 29 January 1952, coming under the 54th Air Army of the Far Eastern Military District. The division, headquartered at Sanshilipu provided air defense for the Liaodong Peninsula in the People's Republic of China between 11 October 1952 and 18 April 1955, and trained People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) pilots on jet aircraft. The 582nd was based at Jinzhou. The 149th IAD was railed to Poland between 18 April and 23 May 1955, handing its aircraft over to the PLAAF. In Poland, the division became part of the 37th Air Army of the Northern Group of Forces and was headquartered at Szprotawa. The 582nd was based at the Piła airfield, but in June transferred to the 239th IAD of the 37th Air Army. The 582nd was replaced in the 149th IAD by the 42nd Guards IAP of the 239th. The 3rd IAP received the MiG-17 in August.
The division was redesignated as the 149th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division (IBAD) on 1 September 1960. Its regiments accordingly became fighter-bomber aviation regiments (IBAP) and the 3rd and 18th received the Su-7B fighter-bomber. The 3rd and 18th IBAP converted to the Mikoyan MiG-27 in 1976, and the fighter-bomber regiments of the division were redesignated aviation regiments of fighter-bombers (APIB) later that year, with the division redesignated as the 149th ADIB. The 18th APIB was renumbered as the 89th APIB on 15 October 1981. The regiments of the division became receiving the Sukhoi Su-24 strike aircraft in December 1982 (for the 3rd APIB) and in July 1982 the 149th was renamed the 149th Bomber Aviation Division (BAD). Its regiments accordingly became bomber aviation regiments (BAP). According to data released under the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, the regiments of the division had 69 Su-24s between them on 19 November 1990.
### Russian service
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the division became part of the Russian Air Force. The division headquarters and the 89th Bomber Aviation Regiment were withdrawn to the Leningrad Military District in spring 1992. The 42nd Guards BAP was disbanded at Voronezh while the 3rd BAP was disbanded at Lebyazhye with its Su-24s mothballed in the Urals. The division became the 149th Mixed Aviation Division (SAD) under the 76th Air Army and headquartered at Smuravyevo, taking over the army's 67th (Siversky-2) and 722nd (Smuravyevo) Bomber Aviation Regiments and its 98th Guards Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment (Monchegorsk). The headquarters of the 89th Bomber Aviation Regiment, withdrawn to Siversky-2, was disbanded and its aircraft handed over to the 67th Bomber Aviation Regiment. As a result of these reorganizations, the 149th controlled the only combat aviation regiments in the air army. The division continued to exist after the February 1998 merger of 76th Air Army into 6th Air and Air Defence Forces Army as part of the latter. According to Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe data on 1 January 2000, the division had a total of 2,150 personnel in its three regiments with 26 MiG-25RB and 20 Su-24MR in the 98th Guards Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment, 37 Su-24M in the 67th Bomber Aviation Regiment, and 29 Su-24M in the 722nd Bomber Aviation Regiment for a total of 112 aircraft.
The division and its regiments were included in Kommersant's articles on the Russian military structure in 2005.
When Piotr Butowski wrote two articles for Air Forces Monthly in July and August 2007, the 6th Air and Air Defence Forces Army was covered in the August 2007 issue. Both the 67th and 722nd Bomber Aviation Regiments were included in the listing, at Siverskiy-2 and Smuravyevo (Gdov) respectively, but there was no listing of any 149th Mixed Aviation Division. The division was not listed in the 2008 Kommersant article on the structure of the Russian Air Force.
The Smuravyevo airfield was closed circa 2010.
### Citations
1. ↑ Golotyuk & Tsapayev 2012, p. 46.
2. 1 2 3 Bykov & Anokhin 2014, pp. 874–875.
3. 1 2 3 4 5 Bykov & Anokhin 2014, pp. 849–850.
4. 1 2 3 Bykov & Anokhin 2014, pp. 854–855.
5. ↑ Gurkin, Shchitov-Izotov & Volkov 1966, p. 201, 223, 247.
6. ↑ Golotyuk & Tsapayev 2012, pp. 415–416.
7. 1 2 Golotyuk & Tsapayev 2012, pp. 217–218.
8. 1 2 3 4 5 Bykov & Anokhin 2014, pp. 845–846.
9. 1 2 Bykov & Anokhin 2014, p. 560.
10. ↑ Holm, Michael. "60th Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO". www.ww2.dk. Retrieved 2022-06-02.
11. ↑ Feskov et al. 2013, p. 95.
12. ↑ Bykov & Anokhin 2014, pp. 877–878.
13. 1 2 Bykov & Anokhin 2014, p. 105.
14. ↑ Lensky & Tsybin 2004, pp. 17–19.
15. ↑ Lensky & Tsybin 2004, p. 75–76.
16. ↑ "Что такое современная армия России". www.kommersant.ru (in Russian). 2005-02-21. Retrieved 2022-06-02.
17. ↑ Piotr Butowski, "Force Report: Russian Air Force: Russia Rising," Air Forces Monthly, August 2007, p.62
18. ↑ "6-я армия ВВС и ПВО". www.kommersant.ru (in Russian). 2008-08-25. Retrieved 2022-06-02.
19. ↑ Mansuryan, Harutyun (14 June 2020). "From Military Might to Misery: The Failing Fortunes Around an Abandoned Russian Base". Radio Free Europe. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
### Bibliography
- Bykov, Mikhail; Anokhin, Vladimir (2014). Все истребительные авиаполки Сталина. Первая полная энциклопедия [All Fighter Aviation Regiments of Stalin. The First Complete Encyclopedia] (in Russian). Moscow: Yauza. ISBN 9785457567276.
- Feskov, V.I.; Golikov, V.I.; Kalashnikov, K.A.; Slugin, S.A. (2013). Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской [The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces] (in Russian). Tomsk: Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing. ISBN 9785895035306.
- Golotyuk, Vasily; Tsapayev, Dmitry (2012). Командный состав Войск ПВО Красной Армии в годы Великой Отечественной и советско-японской войн 1941-1945 гг [Command structure of the Red Army Air Defense Troops in the years of the Great Patriotic and Soviet-Japanese wars of 1941-1945] (in Russian). Moscow: ARTKRAS. ISBN 978-5-9903475-2-6.
- Gurkin, V.V.; et al. (1966). Боевой состав Советской армии: Часть II (Январь-декабрь 1942 года) [Combat Composition of the Soviet Army, Part II (January–December 1942)] (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow: Voenizdat.
- Lensky, A.G.; Tsybin, M.M. (2004). Военная авиация отечества - Организация, вооружение, дислокация (1991/2000 г.г.) [Military Aviation of the Fatherland: Organization, Armament, and Basing 1991/2000] (in Russian). St. Petersburg: Edelveys. OCLC 54860360.
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149th Mixed Aviation Division
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{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 149th Mixed Aviation Division
| native_name =
| image = Mapa Lotnisko Szprotawa w Muzeum Ziemi Szprotawskiej.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Soviet chart of Szprotawa airfield
| dates = 1942–2000s
| country = {{plainlist|
*[[Soviet Union]]
*Russia
}}
| countries =
| allegiance =
| branch = {{plainlist|
*[[Soviet Air Forces]] (PVO until 1952)
*[[Russian Air Force]]
}}
| type =
| role =
{{plainlist|
*[[Interceptor aircraft|Interceptor]], [[Fighter aircraft|Fighter]] (before 1960)
*[[Strike aircraft|Strike]] (from 1960)
}}
| size = 112 aircraft (2000)
| command_structure =
| garrison = {{plainlist|
*[[Khabarovsk]] (1942–1952)
*[[Sanshilipu, Shandong|Sanshilipu]] (1952-1955)
*[[Szprotawa]] (1955–1992)
*[[Smuravyevo]] (1992–2000s)
}}
| garrison_label = HQ
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| colors = <!-- or | colours = -->
| colors_label = <!-- or | colours_label = -->
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| battles = [[Soviet–Japanese War]]
| decorations =
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}}
The '''149th Mixed Aviation Division (149 ''sad'')''' ({{Langx|ru|149-я смешанная авиационная дивизия (149 сад)}}; [[Military Unit Number]] 63352 after 1992) was an [[Aviation Division|aviation division]] of the [[Russian Air Force]].
The division began its history as the '''149th Fighter Aviation Division PVO''' of the [[Soviet Air Defence Forces|Soviet National Air Defense Forces]] (PVO) during [[World War II]], stationed in the [[Soviet Far East|Far East]]. It participated in the [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria]] and was transferred to the [[Soviet Air Forces]] during the [[Cold War]] in 1952. The division was sent to serve in China for air defense before being transferred to Poland in 1955, where it became part of the [[4th Air Army|37th (later the 4th) Air Army]]. Headquartered at [[Szprotawa]], the division converted to [[attack aircraft]] in 1960, becoming the '''149th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division.''' The division was redesignated as the '''149th Bomber Aviation Division''' when its units received the [[Sukhoi Su-24]] in 1982 and was withdrawn from Poland after the end of the Cold War. Under the Russian Air Force, the division was renamed the 149th Mixed Aviation Division and controlled the fixed-wing bomber and reconnaissance aircraft regiments of the [[76th Air Army]] and then the [[6th Air and Air Defence Forces Army]] in the [[Leningrad Military District]] before its disbandment in the 2000s.
== History ==
=== World War II ===
The division was formed at [[Khabarovsk]] during [[World War II]] as the 149th Fighter Aviation Division PVO (IAD) on 7 August 1942, part of the [[Far Eastern Air Defense Zone]] of the [[Far Eastern Front]] (DVF).{{Sfn|Golotyuk|Tsapayev|2012|pp=|p=46}} Major Yefim Chervyakov, promoted to lieutenant colonel on 16 October of that year, was appointed division commander. The division included three fighter aviation regiments (IAP), the [[3rd Fighter Aviation Regiment (1938 formation)|3rd]],{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=874–875}} the [[18th Fighter Aviation Regiment|18th]] at Khabarovsk,{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=849–850}} and the [[60th Fighter Aviation Regiment|60th]] at [[Dzemgi|Dzyomgi]], which had all previously been under [[Soviet Air Forces|Air Force]] (VVS) control.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=854–855}} The 18th IAP was equipped with the modern [[Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3|LaGG-3]],{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=849–850}} but the 3rd and 60th IAPs still retained the obsolete [[Polikarpov I-16]]; Soviet aviation units in the Far East were low-priority for receiving new aircraft since they were not in an active combat zone.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=874–875}}{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=854–855}} The regiments of the 149th IAD PVO were the only aviation units within the air defense zone until 1945.{{Sfn|Gurkin|Shchitov-Izotov|Volkov|1966|p=201, 223, 247}}
The 3rd IAP was transferred back to the [[11th Air Army]] of the VVS DVF on 10 April 1943 but returned to the 149th IAD on 9 June; it was shifted back to the 11th Air Army on 26 October,{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=874–875}} leaving the division with only the 18th and 60th IAPs. Chervyakov was relieved of command in mid-October 1943 due to a high accident rate in the division.{{Sfn|Golotyuk|Tsapayev|2012|pp=415–416}} He was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Mikhail Kozlov.{{Sfn|Golotyuk|Tsapayev|2012|pp=217–218}} In early 1945, the 18th and 60th IAPs converted to the [[Yakovlev Yak-9]].{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=849–850}}{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=854–855}} The new [[3rd Fighter Aviation Regiment (1944 formation)|3rd IAP]], renamed from the 534th IAP when the units swapped designations, joined the 149th from the [[10th Air Army]] of the VVS DVF on 5 May 1945 and converted to the Yak-9 before the Soviet invasion of Manchuria.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=845–846}} During the same month, the 400th IAP PVO joined the division after arriving from Europe by rail without aircraft and received the [[Lavochkin La-7]] before the invasion began.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=|p=560}}
The division became part of the [[Amur Air Defense Army]] when the zone was split in 1945 and during the [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria]], it provided air cover for [[Khabarovsk]], [[Komsomolsk-on-Amur]], and [[Nikolayevsk-on-Amur|Nikolayevsk]] as well as rear communications, concentration areas, and troops of the [[2nd Far Eastern Front]]. Elements of the division participated in the [[Sungari Offensive]] and the [[Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin]], in which they did not face Japanese air resistance. The lack of Japanese air activity and bad weather resulted in the units of the division flying very few combat missions during the war; for example, four out of 22 sorties flown by the 18th IAP were escort for the transport aircraft of Soviet theatre commander [[Marshal of the Soviet Union|Marshal]] [[Aleksandr Vasilevsky]].{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=849–850}} After the end of the war, Kozlov commanded the division until his death in an accident near the [[Nikolayevka, Jewish Autonomous Oblast|Nikolayevka]] airfield on 7 June 1946.{{Sfn|Golotyuk|Tsapayev|2012|pp=217–218}}
=== Cold War ===
The 3rd IAP was re-equipped with the Yak-3 in January 1946 and entered the jet age when it received the MiG-15 in September 1951.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=845–846}} The 400th IAD was disbanded in 1946.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=|p=560}} The [[582nd Fighter Aviation Regiment|582nd IAP]] was transferred to the division from the 249th IAD in February 1949, replacing the 60th IAP which was shifted to the Air Force.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holm |first=Michael |title=60th Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO |url=http://www.ww2.dk/new/air%20force/regiment/iap/60iap.htm |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=www.ww2.dk}}</ref> The division was shifted from the PVO to the Air Force on 29 January 1952, coming under the [[54th Air Army]] of the [[Far Eastern Military District]]. The division, headquartered at [[Sanshilipu, Shandong|Sanshilipu]] provided air defense for the [[Liaodong Peninsula]] in the [[People's Republic of China]] between 11 October 1952 and 18 April 1955, and trained [[People's Liberation Army Air Force]] (PLAAF) pilots on jet aircraft.{{Sfn|Feskov|Golikov|Kalashnikov|Slugin|2013|p=95|pp=}} The 582nd was based at [[Jinzhou]]. The 149th IAD was railed to Poland between 18 April and 23 May 1955, handing its aircraft over to the PLAAF. In Poland, the division became part of the [[4th Air Army|37th Air Army]] of the [[Northern Group of Forces]] and was headquartered at [[Szprotawa-Wiechlice Airfield|Szprotawa]]. The 582nd was based at the [[Piła Airport|Piła]] airfield, but in June transferred to the [[239th Fighter Aviation Division|239th IAD]] of the 37th Air Army.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=877–878}} The 582nd was replaced in the 149th IAD by the [[42nd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment|42nd Guards IAP]] of the 239th.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=|p=105}} The 3rd IAP received the [[MiG-17]] in August.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=845–846}}
The division was redesignated as the 149th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Division (IBAD) on 1 September 1960. Its regiments accordingly became fighter-bomber aviation regiments (IBAP) and the 3rd and 18th received the [[Su-7B]] fighter-bomber. The 3rd and 18th IBAP converted to the [[Mikoyan MiG-27]] in 1976, and the fighter-bomber regiments of the division were redesignated aviation regiments of fighter-bombers (APIB) later that year, with the division redesignated as the 149th ADIB. The 18th APIB was renumbered as the 89th APIB on 15 October 1981.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=849–850}} The regiments of the division became receiving the [[Sukhoi Su-24]] strike aircraft in December 1982 (for the 3rd APIB) and in July 1982 the 149th was renamed the 149th Bomber Aviation Division (BAD). Its regiments accordingly became bomber aviation regiments (BAP).{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=845–846}} According to data released under the [[Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe]], the regiments of the division had 69 Su-24s between them on 19 November 1990.{{Sfn|Lensky|Tsybin|2004|pp=17–19}}
=== Russian service ===
After the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], the division became part of the [[Russian Air Force]]. The division headquarters and the 89th Bomber Aviation Regiment were withdrawn to the [[Leningrad Military District]] in spring 1992. The 42nd Guards BAP was disbanded at [[Voronezh]] while the 3rd BAP was disbanded at [[Lebyazhye (air base)|Lebyazhye]] with its Su-24s mothballed in the Urals.{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=|p=105}}{{Sfn|Bykov|Anokhin|2014|pp=845–846}} The division became the 149th Mixed Aviation Division (SAD) under the [[76th Air Army]] and headquartered at [[Smuravyevo]], taking over the army's 67th ([[Siversky (air base)|Siversky]]-2) and 722nd ([[Smuravyevo]]) Bomber Aviation Regiments and its 98th Guards Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment ([[Monchegorsk]]). The headquarters of the 89th Bomber Aviation Regiment, withdrawn to Siversky-2, was disbanded and its aircraft handed over to the 67th Bomber Aviation Regiment. As a result of these reorganizations, the 149th controlled the only combat aviation regiments in the air army. The division continued to exist after the February 1998 merger of [[76th Air Army]] into [[6th Air and Air Defence Forces Army]] as part of the latter. According to Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe data on 1 January 2000, the division had a total of 2,150 personnel in its three regiments with 26 [[MiG-25RB]] and 20 [[Sukhoi Su-24|Su-24MR]] in the 98th Guards Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment, 37 Su-24M in the 67th Bomber Aviation Regiment, and 29 Su-24M in the 722nd Bomber Aviation Regiment for a total of 112 aircraft.{{Sfn|Lensky|Tsybin|2004|p=75–76}}
The division and its regiments were included in [[Kommersant]]'s articles on the Russian military structure in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-02-21 |title=Что такое современная армия России |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/548978 |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=www.kommersant.ru |language=ru}}</ref>
When Piotr Butowski wrote two articles for ''Air Forces Monthly'' in July and August 2007, the 6th Air and Air Defence Forces Army was covered in the August 2007 issue. Both the 67th and 722nd Bomber Aviation Regiments were included in the listing, at Siverskiy-2 and Smuravyevo (Gdov) respectively, but there was no listing of any 149th Mixed Aviation Division.<ref>Piotr Butowski, "Force Report: Russian Air Force: Russia Rising," ''Air Forces Monthly,'' August 2007, p.62</ref> The division was not listed in the 2008 Kommersant article on the structure of the Russian Air Force.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-08-25 |title=6-я армия ВВС и ПВО |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1015748 |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=www.kommersant.ru |language=ru}}</ref>
The Smuravyevo airfield was closed circa 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mansuryan |first=Harutyun |date=14 June 2020 |title=From Military Might to Misery: The Failing Fortunes Around an Abandoned Russian Base |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-pskov-military-base-ruins/30665482.html |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=Radio Free Europe}}</ref>
==References==
=== Citations ===
<references/>
=== Bibliography ===
*{{Cite book |last1=Bykov |first1=Mikhail |url= |title=Все истребительные авиаполки Сталина. Первая полная энциклопедия |last2=Anokhin |first2=Vladimir |date=2014 |publisher=Yauza |isbn=9785457567276 |location=Moscow |language=ru |trans-title=All Fighter Aviation Regiments of Stalin. The First Complete Encyclopedia}}
*{{Cite book|title=Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской|last1=Feskov|first1=V.I.|last2=Golikov|first2=V.I.|last3=Kalashnikov|first3=K.A.|last4=Slugin|first4=S.A.|publisher=Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing|year=2013|isbn=9785895035306|location=Tomsk|language=Russian|trans-title=The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces}}
*{{Cite book |last=Golotyuk |first=Vasily |url=http://militera.lib.ru/h/golotyuk_tsapaev01/index.html |title=Командный состав Войск ПВО Красной Армии в годы Великой Отечественной и советско-японской войн 1941-1945 гг. |last2=Tsapayev |first2=Dmitry |publisher=ARTKRAS |year=2012 |isbn=978-5-9903475-2-6 |location=Moscow |language=ru |trans-title=Command structure of the Red Army Air Defense Troops in the years of the Great Patriotic and Soviet-Japanese wars of 1941-1945}}
*{{cite book |last1=Gurkin |first1=V.V. |url=http://www.soldat.ru/files/f/boevojsostavsa1942.pdf |title=Боевой состав Советской армии: Часть II (Январь-декабрь 1942 года) |last2=Shchitov-Izotov |first2=I.I. |last3=Volkov |first3=N.I. |publisher=Voenizdat |year=1966 |location=Moscow |language=ru |trans-title=Combat Composition of the Soviet Army, Part II (January{{endash}}December 1942) |display-authors=1}}
*{{Cite book |last1=Lensky |first1=A.G. |title=Военная авиация отечества - Организация, вооружение, дислокация (1991/2000 г.г.) |last2=Tsybin |first2=M.M. |publisher=Edelveys |year=2004 |location=St. Petersburg |language=ru |trans-title=Military Aviation of the Fatherland: Organization, Armament, and Basing 1991/2000 |oclc=54860360}}
== External links ==
* [https://yakimov-aa.ru/fail/instrukziya.pdf 1999 76th Air Army instruction for flights in the area of Smuravyevo, proves existence of division]
[[Category:Aviation divisions of the Russian Air Forces]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in the 2000s]]
[[Category:Pskov Oblast]]
| 1,255,867,932 |
[{"title": "149th Mixed Aviation Division", "data": {"Active": "1942\u20132000s", "Country": "- Soviet Union - Russia", "Branch": "- Soviet Air Forces (PVO until 1952) - Russian Air Force", "Role": "- Interceptor, Fighter (before 1960) - Strike (from 1960)", "Size": "112 aircraft (2000)", "HQ": "- Khabarovsk (1942\u20131952) - Sanshilipu (1952-1955) - Szprotawa (1955\u20131992) - Smuravyevo (1992\u20132000s)", "Engagements": "Soviet\u2013Japanese War"}}]
| false |
# 149th Indiana Infantry Regiment
The 149th Indiana Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment from Indiana that served in the Union Army between March 1 and September 27, 1865, during the American Civil War.
## Service
The regiment was recruited from the 7th district, and was organized at Indianapolis, Indiana, with a strength of 1,041 men and mustered in on March 1, 1865. It left Indiana for Nashville, Tennessee on March 3. It was then ordered to Decatur, Alabama for guard and garrison duty until late September. Whilst at Decatur, the regiment received the surrender of Generals Roddey and Polk. The regiment was mustered out at Nashville, on September 27, 1865. During its service the regiment incurred thirty-eight fatalities, and another twenty-seven men deserted.
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149th Indiana Infantry Regiment
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Q16824376
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{{Use American English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{infobox military unit
|unit_name=149th Indiana Infantry Regiment
|image=
|caption=
|dates=March 1 – September 27, 1865
|country={{flag|United States|1865|23px}}
|allegiance=[[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
|branch=[[Infantry]]
|type=
|role=
|size=[[Regiment]]<ref group="note">According to W.H.H. Terrell (1867), ''[https://archive.org/details/reportofadjutant07indi The Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Indiana. Containing Rosters for the Years 1861–1865, Volume 7]'', the 149th Indiana Infantry Regiment was composed of ten companies. Companies "A" to "I" and "K".</ref>
|command_structure=
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|disbanded=September 27, 1865
|flying_hours=
|website=
<!-- Commanders -->
|commander1=William H. Fairbanks<ref name="Holloway">Holloway (2004), p. 150.</ref>
|commander1_label=[[Colonel]]
|commander2=William D. Mull<ref name="Holloway">Holloway (2004), p. 150.</ref>
|commander2_label=[[Lieutenant colonel|Lt. Colonel]]
|commander3=Thomas B. Reeder<ref name="Holloway">Holloway (2004), p. 150.</ref>
|commander3_label=[[Major (rank)|Major]]
|commander4=
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<!-- Insignia -->
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}}
The '''149th Indiana Infantry Regiment''' was an [[Infantry|infantry regiment]] from [[Indiana]] that served in the [[Union Army]] between March 1 and September 27, 1865, during the [[American Civil War]].
== Service ==
The regiment was recruited from the 7th district, and was organized at [[Indianapolis, Indiana]], with a strength of 1,041 men<ref name="Holloway">Holloway (2004), p. 150.</ref> and mustered in on March 1, 1865.<ref name="Holloway">Holloway (2004), p. 150.</ref><ref name="Dyer">Dyer (1959), Volume 3. pp. 1,157–1,158.</ref> It left Indiana for [[Nashville, Tennessee]] on March 3. It was then ordered to [[Decatur, Alabama]] for guard and garrison duty until late September. Whilst at Decatur, the regiment received the surrender of Generals [[Phillip Roddey|Roddey]] and [[Leonidas L. Polk|Polk]].<ref name="Holloway">Holloway (2004), p. 150.</ref> The regiment was mustered out at Nashville, on September 27, 1865.<ref name="Holloway">Holloway (2004), p. 150.</ref><ref name="Dyer"/> During its service the regiment incurred thirty-eight fatalities, and another twenty-seven men deserted.<ref name="Holloway">Holloway (2004), p. 150.</ref>
==See also==
{{portal|American Civil War|Indiana}}
* [[List of Indiana Civil War regiments]]
== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
* [[Frederick H. Dyer|Dyer, Frederick H.]] (1959). ''A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion''. New York and London. Thomas Yoseloff, Publisher. {{LCCN|5912963}}.
* Holloway, William R. (2004). ''Civil War Regiments From Indiana''. eBookOnDisk.com Pensacola, Florida. {{ISBN|1-9321-5731-X}}.
* Terrell, W.H.H. (1867). ''[https://archive.org/details/reportofadjutant07indi The Report of the Adjutant General of the State of Indiana. Containing Rosters for the Years 1861–1865, Volume 7]''. [[Indianapolis, Indiana]]. Samuel M. Douglass, State Printer.
==External links==
* [http://libarchstor.uah.edu:8081/repositories/2/resources/20 George Washington Harris Civil War Diary, The University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections] Diary of George Washington Harris, a 1st Sergeant in the 149th Indiana Infantry Regiment, Company F.
[[Category:Units and formations of the Union army from Indiana]]
[[Category:1865 establishments in Indiana]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1865]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1865]]
| 1,254,645,863 |
[{"title": "149th Indiana Infantry Regiment", "data": {"Active": "March 1 \u2013 September 27, 1865", "Disbanded": "September 27, 1865", "Country": "United States", "Allegiance": "Union", "Branch": "Infantry", "Size": "Regiment", "Garrison/HQ": "Decatur, Alabama", "Engagements": "American Civil War"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Colonel": "William H. Fairbanks", "Lt. Colonel": "William D. Mull", "Major": "Thomas B. Reeder"}}]
| false |
# 1909 Giro d'Italia, Stage 5 to Stage 8
The 1909 Giro d'Italia was the inaugural edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Giro began in Milan on 13 May, and Stage 5 occurred on 23 May with a stage from Rome. The race finished in Milan on 30 May.
## Stage 5
23 May 1909 — Rome to Florence, 346.4 km (215.2 mi)
| Rank | Rider | Time |
| ---- | ------------------------- | ----------- |
| 1 | Luigi Ganna (ITA) | 12h 48' 53" |
| 2 | Carlo Galetti (ITA) | s.t. |
| 3 | Ezio Corlaita (ITA) | s.t. |
| 4 | Ernesto Azzini (ITA) | |
| 5 | Enrico Sala (ITA) | |
| 6 | Giovanni Rossignoli (ITA) | |
| 7 | Luigi Chiodi (ITA) | |
| 8 | Clemente Canepari (ITA) | |
| 9 | Luigi Azzini (ITA) | |
| 10 | Piero Lampaggi (ITA) | |
| Rank | Rider | Points |
| ---- | ------------------------- | ------ |
| 1 | Luigi Ganna (ITA) | 18 |
| 2 | Carlo Galetti (ITA) | 20 |
| 3 | Giovanni Rossignoli (ITA) | 30 |
| 4 | Ernesto Azzini (ITA) | 40 |
| 5 | Clemente Canepari (ITA) | 42 |
| 6 | Louis Trousselier (FRA) | 50 |
| 7 | Carlo Oriani (ITA) | 51 |
| 8 | Enrico Sala (ITA) | 66 |
| 9 | Dario Beni (ITA) | 70 |
| 10 | Ottorino Celli (ITA) | 77 |
## Stage 6
25 May 1909 — Florence to Genoa, 294.4 km (182.9 mi)
| Rank | Rider | Time |
| ---- | ------------------------- | ----------- |
| 1 | Giovanni Rossignoli (ITA) | 10h 56' 58" |
| 2 | Carlo Galetti (ITA) | s.t. |
| 3 | Luigi Ganna (ITA) | + 13' 57" |
| 4 | Ernesto Azzini (ITA) | |
| 5 | Clemente Canepari (ITA) | |
| 6 | Luigi Chiodi (ITA) | |
| 7 | Ottorino Celli (ITA) | |
| 8 | Dario Beni (ITA) | |
| 9 | Piero Lampaggi (ITA) | |
| 10 | Carlo Oriani (ITA) | |
| Rank | Rider | Points |
| ---- | ------------------------- | ------ |
| 1 | Luigi Ganna (ITA) | 21 |
| 2 | Carlo Galetti (ITA) | 22 |
| 3 | Giovanni Rossignoli (ITA) | 31 |
| 4 | Ernesto Azzini (ITA) | 44 |
| 5 | Clemente Canepari (ITA) | 47 |
| 6 | Carlo Oriani (ITA) | 61 |
| =7 | Dario Beni (ITA) | 78 |
| =7 | Enrico Sala (ITA) | 78 |
| 9 | Ottorino Celli (ITA) | 84 |
| 10 | Piero Lampaggi (ITA) | 106 |
## Stage 7
27 May 1909 — Genoa to Turin, 357.9 km (222.4 mi)
| Rank | Rider | Time |
| ---- | ------------------------- | ----------- |
| 1 | Luigi Ganna (ITA) | 13h 41' 11" |
| 2 | Giovanni Rossignoli (ITA) | + 4' 00" |
| 3 | Carlo Galetti (ITA) | + 25' 00" |
| 4 | Clemente Canepari (ITA) | |
| 5 | Luigi Chiodi (ITA) | |
| 6 | Carlo Oriani (ITA) | |
| 7 | Giovanni Cocchi (ITA) | |
| 8 | Alberto Petrino (ITA) | |
| 9 | Enrico Sala (ITA) | |
| 10 | Ernesto Azzini (ITA) | |
| Rank | Rider | Points |
| ---- | ------------------------- | ------ |
| 1 | Luigi Ganna (ITA) | 22 |
| 2 | Carlo Galetti (ITA) | 25 |
| 3 | Giovanni Rossignoli (ITA) | 33 |
| 4 | Clemente Canepari (ITA) | 51 |
| 5 | Ernesto Azzini (ITA) | 54 |
| 6 | Carlo Oriani (ITA) | 67 |
| 7 | Enrico Sala (ITA) | 87 |
| 8 | Dario Beni (ITA) | 90 |
| 9 | Ottorino Celli (ITA) | 97 |
| 10 | Alberto Petrino (ITA) | 116 |
## Stage 8
30 May 1909 — Turin to Milan, 206.1 km (128.1 mi)
| Rank | Rider | Time |
| ---- | ------------------------- | ---------- |
| 1 | Dario Beni (ITA) | 6h 55' 19" |
| 2 | Carlo Galetti (ITA) | s.t. |
| 3 | Luigi Ganna (ITA) | s.t. |
| 4 | Carlo Oriani (ITA) | |
| 5 | Luigi Azzini (ITA) | |
| 6 | Luigi Chiodi (ITA) | |
| 7 | Giovanni Rossignoli (ITA) | |
| 8 | Ezio Corlaita (ITA) | |
| 9 | Clemente Canepari (ITA) | |
| 10 | Attilio Zavatti (ITA) | |
| Rank | Rider | Points |
| ---- | ------------------------- | ------ |
| 1 | Luigi Ganna (ITA) | 25 |
| 2 | Carlo Galetti (ITA) | 27 |
| 3 | Giovanni Rossignoli (ITA) | 40 |
| 4 | Clemente Canepari (ITA) | 59 |
| 5 | Carlo Oriani (ITA) | 72 |
| 6 | Ernesto Azzini (ITA) | 77 |
| 7 | Dario Beni (ITA) | 91 |
| 8 | Enrico Sala (ITA) | 98 |
| 9 | Ottorino Celli (ITA) | 117 |
| 10 | Giovanni Marchese (ITA) | 139 |
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1909 Giro d'Italia, Stage 5 to Stage 8
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1909_Giro_d%27Italia,_Stage_5_to_Stage_8
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2019-02-27T01:33:22Z
|
en
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Q60538122
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The [[1909 Giro d'Italia]] was the inaugural edition of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's [[Grand Tours]]. The Giro began in [[Milan]] on 13 May, and Stage 5 occurred on 23 May with a stage from [[Rome]]. The race finished in [[Milan]] on 30 May.
==Stage 5==
'''23 May 1909 — [[Rome]] to [[Florence]], {{convert|346.4|km|mi|abbr=on}}'''<ref name="Mdc-GdI1909">{{cite web|url=http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdi/tdi1909.php|title=1er Giro d'Italia 1909|work=Memoire du cyclisme|language=French|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041025164107/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdi/tdi1909.php|archivedate=25 October 2004}}</ref><ref name="LS1909">{{cite news|url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,4/articleid,1202_01_1909_0130_0004_24220483/anews,true/|title=Il giro ciclistico d'Italia|language=Italian|trans-title=The cycling tour of Italy|page=4|work=La Stampa|date=12 May 1909|accessdate=10 November 2018}}</ref>
{|
|'''Stage 5 result'''<ref name="Mdc-GdI1909" /><ref name="BRI">{{cite web|url=http://bikeraceinfo.com/giro/giro1909.html|title=1909 Giro d'Italia|work=BikeRaceInfo|accessdate=10 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="EMD-c3-4-5">{{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD02/HEM/1909/05/27/MD19090527-006.pdf|title=La Vuelta de Italia|language=Spanish|work=El Mundo Deportivo|trans-title=The Tour of Italy|page=6|date=27 May 1909|accessdate=10 November 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Rider
! scope="col" | Time
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| {{flagathlete|[[Luigi Ganna]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | {{nowrap|12h 48' 53"}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| {{flagathlete|[[Carlo Galetti]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | s.t.
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| {{flagathlete|[[Ezio Corlaita]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | s.t.
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{flagathlete|[[Ernesto Azzini]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{flagathlete|[[Enrico Sala]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| {{flagathlete|[[Giovanni Rossignoli]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 7
| {{flagathlete|[[Luigi Chiodi]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| {{flagathlete|[[Clemente Canepari]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| {{flagathlete|[[Luigi Azzini]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 10
| {{flagathlete|[[Piero Lampaggi]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|}
||
|'''General classification after Stage 5'''<ref name="Mdc-GdI1909" /><ref name="BRI" /><ref name="EMD-c3-4-5" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Rider
! scope="col" | Points
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| {{flagathlete|[[Luigi Ganna]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 18
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| {{flagathlete|[[Carlo Galetti]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 20
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| {{flagathlete|[[Giovanni Rossignoli]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 30
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{flagathlete|[[Ernesto Azzini]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 40
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{flagathlete|[[Clemente Canepari]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 42
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| {{flagathlete|[[Louis Trousselier]]|FRA}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 50
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 7
| {{flagathlete|[[Carlo Oriani]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 51
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| {{flagathlete|[[Enrico Sala]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 66
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| {{flagathlete|[[Dario Beni]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 70
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 10
| {{flagathlete|[[Ottorino Celli]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 77
|}
|}
==Stage 6==
'''25 May 1909 — [[Florence]] to [[Genoa]], {{convert|294.4|km|mi|abbr=on}}'''<ref name="LS1909" /><ref name="EMD-c6-7-8">{{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD02/HEM/1909/06/10/MD19090610-003.pdf|title=La Vuelta de Italia|language=Spanish|work=El Mundo Deportivo|trans-title=The Tour of Italy|page=3|date=10 June 1909|accessdate=10 November 2018}}</ref>
{|
|'''Stage 6 result'''<ref name="Mdc-GdI1909" /><ref name="BRI" /><ref name="EMD-c6-7-8" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Rider
! scope="col" | Time
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| {{flagathlete|[[Giovanni Rossignoli]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | {{nowrap|10h 56' 58"}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| {{flagathlete|[[Carlo Galetti]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | s.t.
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| {{flagathlete|[[Luigi Ganna]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | + 13' 57"
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{flagathlete|[[Ernesto Azzini]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{flagathlete|[[Clemente Canepari]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| {{flagathlete|[[Luigi Chiodi]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 7
| {{flagathlete|[[Ottorino Celli]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| {{flagathlete|[[Dario Beni]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| {{flagathlete|[[Piero Lampaggi]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 10
| {{flagathlete|[[Carlo Oriani]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|}
||
|'''General classification after Stage 6'''<ref name="Mdc-GdI1909" /><ref name="BRI" /><ref name="EMD-c6-7-8" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Rider
! scope="col" | Points
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| {{flagathlete|[[Luigi Ganna]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 21
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| {{flagathlete|[[Carlo Galetti]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 22
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| {{flagathlete|[[Giovanni Rossignoli]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 31
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{flagathlete|[[Ernesto Azzini]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 44
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{flagathlete|[[Clemente Canepari]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 47
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| {{flagathlete|[[Carlo Oriani]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 61
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | =7
| {{flagathlete|[[Dario Beni]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 78
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | =7
| {{flagathlete|[[Enrico Sala]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 78
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| {{flagathlete|[[Ottorino Celli]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 84
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 10
| {{flagathlete|[[Piero Lampaggi]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 106
|}
|}
==Stage 7==
'''27 May 1909 — [[Genoa]] to [[Turin]], {{convert|357.9|km|mi|abbr=on}}'''<ref name="Mdc-GdI1909" /><ref name="LS1909" />
{|
|'''Stage 7 result'''<ref name="Mdc-GdI1909" /><ref name="BRI" /><ref name="EMD-c6-7-8" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Rider
! scope="col" | Time
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| {{flagathlete|[[Luigi Ganna]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | {{nowrap|13h 41' 11"}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| {{flagathlete|[[Giovanni Rossignoli]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | + 4' 00"
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| {{flagathlete|[[Carlo Galetti]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | + 25' 00"
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{flagathlete|[[Clemente Canepari]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{flagathlete|[[Luigi Chiodi]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| {{flagathlete|[[Carlo Oriani]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 7
| {{flagathlete|[[Giovanni Cocchi]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| {{flagathlete|[[Alberto Petrino]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| {{flagathlete|[[Enrico Sala]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 10
| {{flagathlete|[[Ernesto Azzini]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|}
||
|'''General classification after Stage 7'''<ref name="Mdc-GdI1909" /><ref name="BRI" /><ref name="EMD-c6-7-8" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Rider
! scope="col" | Points
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| {{flagathlete|[[Luigi Ganna]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 22
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| {{flagathlete|[[Carlo Galetti]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 25
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| {{flagathlete|[[Giovanni Rossignoli]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 33
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{flagathlete|[[Clemente Canepari]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 51
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{flagathlete|[[Ernesto Azzini]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |54
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| {{flagathlete|[[Carlo Oriani]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 67
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 7
| {{flagathlete|[[Enrico Sala]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 87
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| {{flagathlete|[[Dario Beni]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 90
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| {{flagathlete|[[Ottorino Celli]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 97
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 10
| {{flagathlete|[[Alberto Petrino]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 116
|}
|}
==Stage 8==
'''30 May 1909 — [[Turin]] to [[Milan]], {{convert|206.1|km|mi|abbr=on}}'''<ref name="Mdc-GdI1909" /><ref name="LS1909" />
{|
|'''Stage 8 result'''<ref name="Mdc-GdI1909" /><ref name="BRI" /><ref name="EMD-c6-7-8" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Rider
! scope="col" | Time
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| {{flagathlete|[[Dario Beni]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | {{nowrap|6h 55' 19"}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| {{flagathlete|[[Carlo Galetti]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | s.t.
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| {{flagathlete|[[Luigi Ganna]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | s.t.
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{flagathlete|[[Carlo Oriani]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{flagathlete|[[Luigi Azzini]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| {{flagathlete|[[Luigi Chiodi]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 7
| {{flagathlete|[[Giovanni Rossignoli]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| {{flagathlete|[[Ezio Corlaita]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| {{flagathlete|[[Clemente Canepari]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 10
| {{flagathlete|[[Attilio Zavatti]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" |
|}
||
|'''General classification after Stage 8'''<ref name="Mdc-GdI1909" /><ref name="BRI" /><ref name="EMD-c6-7-8" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Rider
! scope="col" | Points
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| {{flagathlete|[[Luigi Ganna]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 25
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2
| {{flagathlete|[[Carlo Galetti]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 27
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| {{flagathlete|[[Giovanni Rossignoli]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 40
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| {{flagathlete|[[Clemente Canepari]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 59
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 5
| {{flagathlete|[[Carlo Oriani]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 72
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 6
| {{flagathlete|[[Ernesto Azzini]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 77
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 7
| {{flagathlete|[[Dario Beni]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 91
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 8
| {{flagathlete|[[Enrico Sala]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 98
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| {{flagathlete|[[Ottorino Celli]]|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 117
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 10
| {{flagathlete|{{ill|Giovanni Marchese (cyclist)|lt=Giovanni Marchese|it|Giovanni Marchese (ciclista)}}|ITA|1861}}
| style="text-align:right;" | 139
|}
|}
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Cycling stage recaps|1909 Giro d'Italia|1|4|5|8}}
[[Category:1909 Giro d'Italia]]
[[Category:Giro d'Italia stages]]
| 885,276,731 |
[]
| false |
# 1700 in philosophy
1700 in philosophy
## Events
- Gokulanatha Upadhyaya[1] becomes court pandit to Maharaja Madhave Sinha of Mithila[2]
## Births
- Johann Christoph Gottsched (died 1766)
## Publications
- Thomas Hyde, Historia religionis veterum Persarum, Oxford, 1700. In this work Hyde highlighted Zoroastrian and Persian philosophies to the West.[3] He also coined the term dualism (Latin: dualismus) in this work.[4]
- Giovanni Vincenzo Gravina (an early Italian empiricist), De Origine Juris Romani, 1700[5]
## Bibliography
- Ganeri, Jonardon, The Lost Age of Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450-1700, Oxford University Press, 2014 ISBN 0191025887.
- Levitin, Dmitri, Ancient Wisdom in the Age of the New Science: Histories of Philosophy in England, c. 1640–1700, Cambridge University Press, 2015 ISBN 1107105889.
- Pingree, David, Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit, Volume 1, American Philosophical Society, 1970 ISBN 0871690810.
- Ueberweg, Friedrich, History of Philosophy: History of modern philosophy, Scribner, Armstrong & Co, 1876 OCLC 1049800650
- Winston D., "The Iranian component of the Bible, Apocrypha, and Qumran: A Review of the Evidence", History of Religions, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 183-216.
|
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enwiki
| 58,487,806 |
1700 in philosophy
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1700_in_philosophy
|
2024-06-16T17:21:02Z
|
en
|
Q4552303
| 27,634 |
{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1700|philosophy}}
'''1700 in philosophy'''
== Events ==
* [[Gokulanatha Upadhyaya]]<ref>Pingree, p. 129</ref> becomes court [[pandit]] to Maharaja Madhave Sinha of [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]<ref>Ganeri, p. 57</ref>
== Births ==
* [[Johann Christoph Gottsched]] (died 1766)
== Publications ==
* [[Thomas Hyde]], ''Historia religionis veterum Persarum'', Oxford, 1700. In this work Hyde highlighted Zoroastrian and Persian philosophies to the West.<ref>Levitin, pp. 95-109</ref> He also coined the term ''dualism'' (Latin: ''dualismus'') in this work.<ref>Winston, 1966</ref>
* [[Giovanni Vincenzo Gravina]] (an early Italian empiricist), ''De Origine Juris Romani'', 1700<ref>Ueberweg, p. 481</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
* Ganeri, Jonardon, ''The Lost Age of Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450-1700'', Oxford University Press, 2014 {{ISBN|0191025887}}.
* Levitin, Dmitri, ''Ancient Wisdom in the Age of the New Science: Histories of Philosophy in England, c. 1640–1700'', Cambridge University Press, 2015 {{ISBN|1107105889}}.
* Pingree, David, ''Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit, Volume 1'', American Philosophical Society, 1970 {{ISBN|0871690810}}.
* Ueberweg, Friedrich, ''History of Philosophy: History of modern philosophy'', Scribner, Armstrong & Co, 1876 {{oclc|1049800650}}
* Winston D., [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/462522?journalCode=hr "The Iranian component of the Bible, Apocrypha, and Qumran: A Review of the Evidence"], ''History of Religions'', vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 183-216.
[[Category:1700|Philosophy]]
[[Category:Early modern philosophy]]
[[Category:Philosophy by year]]
| 1,229,411,127 |
[]
| false |
# 120th Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 120th Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 120th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 120th OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was commanded by Colonel Daniel French
and Colonel Marcus Spiegel.
## Service
The 120th Ohio Infantry was organized Mansfield, Ohio, and mustered on August 29, 1862, for three years service under the command of Colonel Daniel French.
The regiment first served unattached, Army of Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to November 1862. 1st Brigade, 9th Division, Right Wing, XIII Corps, Department of the Tennessee, to December 1862. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, Sherman's Yazoo Expedition, to January 1863. 1st Brigade, 9th Division, XIII Corps, Army of the Tennessee, to July 1863. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XIII Corps, Department of the Tennessee, to August 1863, and Department of the Gulf to November 1863. Plaquemine, Louisiana, District of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Department of the Gulf, to March 1864. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XIII Corps, to June 1864. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, XIX Corps, Department of the Gulf, to August 1864. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XIX Corps, to November 1864.
The 120th Ohio Infantry ceased to exist on November 25, 1864, due to consolidation with the 114th Ohio Infantry.
## Detailed service
Moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, October 25; then to Covington, Ky., and duty there until November 24. Moved to Memphis, Tenn., November 24-December 7, 1862. Sherman's Yazoo Expedition December 20, 1862, to January 3, 1863. Chickasaw Bayou December 26–28, 1862. Chickasaw Bluff December 29. Expedition to Arkansas Post, Ark., January 3–10, 1863. Assault and capture of Fort Hindman, Arkansas Post, January 10–11. Moved to Young's Point, La., January 17, and duty there until March 8. Moved to Milliken's Bend March 8. Operations from Milliken's Bend to New Carthage March 31-April 17. James' Plantation, near New Carthage, April 8. Dunbar's Plantation, Bayou Vidal, April 15. Movement on Bruinsburg and turning Grand Gulf April 25–30. Battle of Port Gibson May 1. Duty at Raymond until May 18. Siege of Vicksburg, Miss., May 18-July 4. Assaults on Vicksburg May 19 and 22. Advance on Jackson, Miss., July 4–10. Near Jackson July 9. Siege of Jackson, Miss., July 10–17. Camp at Vicksburg until August. Moved to New Orleans August 18. Duty at Carrollton until September 3, and at Brashear City until October 3. Western Louisiana Campaign October 3-November 30. Duty at Plaquemine, La., until March 23, 1864. Moved to Baton Rouge March 23, and duty there until May 1. Ordered to join Banks at Alexandria on Red River Expedition May 1. Embarked on steamer City Belle. Action en route at Snaggy Point May 3. Over 200 men captured. Those who escaped were formed into a battalion of three companies and marched to Alexandria. Retreat from Alexandria to Morganza May 13–20. Mansura or Marksville Prairie May 16. Duty at Morganza until September. Expedition to mouth of White River and St. Charles September 13–20. Expedition to Duvall's Bluff, Ark., October 21–27.
## Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 300 men during service; 2 officers and 17 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 6 officer and 275 enlisted men died of disease.
## Commanders
- Colonel Daniel French
- Colonel Marcus Spiegel
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{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 120th Ohio Infantry Regiment
|image=
|dates= August 29, 1862, to November 25, 1864
|country= [[United States]]
|allegiance= [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
|branch= [[Infantry]]
|equipment=
<!-- Culture and history -->
|battles={{plainlist|
* [[Battle of Chickasaw Bayou]]
* [[Battle of Arkansas Post (1863)|Battle of Arkansas Post]]
* [[Battle of Port Gibson]]
* [[Siege of Vicksburg]], May 19 & May 22 assaults
* [[Siege of Jackson]]
* [[Red River Campaign]]}}
}}{{Military unit sidebar
|title=Ohio U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865
|previous=[[118th Ohio Infantry Regiment]]
|next=[[121st Ohio Infantry Regiment]]
}}
The '''120th Ohio Infantry Regiment''', sometimes '''120th Ohio Volunteer Infantry''' (or '''120th OVI''') was an [[infantry]] [[regiment]] in the [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War]]. It was commanded by Colonel Daniel French
and Colonel Marcus Spiegel.
==Service==
The 120th Ohio Infantry was organized [[Mansfield, Ohio]], and mustered on August 29, 1862, for three years service under the command of [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] Daniel French.
The regiment first served unattached, [[Army of Kentucky]], [[Department of the Ohio]], to November 1862. 1st Brigade, 9th Division, Right Wing, [[XIII Corps (Union Army)|XIII Corps]], [[Department of the Tennessee]], to December 1862. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, Sherman's Yazoo Expedition, to January 1863. 1st Brigade, 9th Division, XIII Corps, [[Army of the Tennessee]], to July 1863. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XIII Corps, Department of the Tennessee, to August 1863, and [[Department of the Gulf]] to November 1863. Plaquemine, Louisiana, District of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Department of the Gulf, to March 1864. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XIII Corps, to June 1864. 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, [[XIX Corps (Union Army)|XIX Corps]], Department of the Gulf, to August 1864. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, XIX Corps, to November 1864.
The 120th Ohio Infantry ceased to exist on November 25, 1864, due to consolidation with the [[114th Ohio Infantry]].
==Detailed service==
[[File:21-32-386-ohio.jpg|thumb|Monument at [[Vicksburg National Military Park]]]]
Moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, October 25; then to Covington, Ky., and duty there until November 24. Moved to Memphis, Tenn., November 24-December 7, 1862. Sherman's Yazoo Expedition December 20, 1862, to January 3, 1863. Chickasaw Bayou December 26–28, 1862. Chickasaw Bluff December 29. Expedition to Arkansas Post, Ark., January 3–10, 1863. Assault and capture of Fort Hindman, Arkansas Post, January 10–11. Moved to Young's Point, La., January 17, and duty there until March 8. Moved to Milliken's Bend March 8. Operations from Milliken's Bend to New Carthage March 31-April 17. James' Plantation, near New Carthage, April 8. Dunbar's Plantation, Bayou Vidal, April 15. Movement on [[Bruinsburg, Mississippi|Bruinsburg]] and turning Grand Gulf April 25–30. Battle of Port Gibson May 1. Duty at Raymond until May 18. Siege of Vicksburg, Miss., May 18-July 4. Assaults on Vicksburg May 19 and 22. Advance on Jackson, Miss., July 4–10. Near Jackson July 9. Siege of Jackson, Miss., July 10–17. Camp at Vicksburg until August. Moved to New Orleans August 18. Duty at Carrollton until September 3, and at Brashear City until October 3. Western Louisiana Campaign October 3-November 30. Duty at Plaquemine, La., until March 23, 1864. Moved to Baton Rouge March 23, and duty there until May 1. Ordered to join Banks at Alexandria on [[Red River campaign|Red River Expedition]] May 1. Embarked on steamer ''City Belle''. Action en route at Snaggy Point May 3. Over 200 men captured. Those who escaped were formed into a battalion of three companies and marched to Alexandria. Retreat from Alexandria to Morganza May 13–20. Mansura or Marksville Prairie May 16. Duty at Morganza until September. Expedition to mouth of White River and St. Charles September 13–20. Expedition to Duvall's Bluff, Ark., October 21–27.
==Casualties==
The regiment lost a total of 300 men during service; 2 officers and 17 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 6 officer and 275 enlisted men died of disease.
==Commanders==
* Colonel Daniel French
* Colonel [[Marcus Spiegel]]
==See also==
{{portal|American Civil War|Ohio}}
* [[List of Ohio Civil War units]]
* [[Ohio in the Civil War]]
==References==
* "Bugler". ''The Favorite Songs of the 120th Reg't, O.V.I.: As Sung Around the Camp Fire'' (Wooster, OH: Wayne County Herald Press), 1882.
* Dyer, Frederick Henry. ''A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion'' (Des Moines, IA: Dyer Pub. Co.), 1908.
* Frey, Jerry. ''Grandpa's gone--: The Adventures of Daniel Buchwalter in the Western Army, 1862-1865'' (Shippensburg, PA: Burd Street Press), 1998. {{ISBN|1-57249-094-2}}
* Ohio Roster Commission. ''Official Roster of the Soldiers of the State of Ohio in the War on the Rebellion, 1861–1865, Compiled Under the Direction of the Roster Commission'' (Akron, OH: Werner Co.), 1886–1895.
* Reid, Whitelaw. ''Ohio in the War: Her Statesmen, Her Generals, and Soldiers'' (Cincinnati, OH: Moore, Wilstach, & Baldwin), 1868.
;Attribution
* {{CWR}}
==External links==
* [http://www.ohiocivilwar.com/cw120.html Ohio in the Civil War: 120th Ohio Volunteer Infantry by Larry Stevens]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101229064521/http://ohsweb.ohiohistory.org/exhibits/fftc/relicroom/details.aspx?war=2&flagid=233&unitid=204&warname=Civil%20War National flag of the 120th Ohio Infantry]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101229064524/http://ohsweb.ohiohistory.org/exhibits/fftc/relicroom/details.aspx?war=2&flagid=234&unitid=204&warname=Civil%20War Regimental flag of the 120th Ohio Infantry]
* [https://civilwartalk.com/threads/some-western-federals-from-ohio.198725/ Photograph of Company H 120th Ohio Infantry Plaqumine, Louisiana November 1863]
* [http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=20720 Monument of the 120th Ohio Infantry at Mansfield, Ohio]
* [http://susieholder.com 120th Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 9th Division, 13th Army Corps by Susie Holderfield]
{{Ohio in the Civil War}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1862]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1864]]
[[Category:1864 disestablishments in Ohio]]
[[Category:Units and formations of the Union army from Ohio]]
[[Category:1862 establishments in Ohio]]
| 1,272,101,703 |
[{"title": "120th Ohio Infantry Regiment", "data": {"Active": "August 29, 1862, to November 25, 1864", "Country": "United States", "Allegiance": "Union", "Branch": "Infantry", "Engagements": "- Battle of Chickasaw Bayou - Battle of Arkansas Post - Battle of Port Gibson - Siege of Vicksburg, May 19 & May 22 assaults - Siege of Jackson - Red River Campaign"}}, {"title": "", "data": {"Previous": "Next", "118th Ohio Infantry Regiment": "121st Ohio Infantry Regiment"}}]
| false |
# 1640s in archaeology
The decade of the 1640s in archaeology involved some significant events.
## Explorations
- 1649: John Aubrey describes the megaliths at Avebury, England.
## Publications
- 1643: Athanasius Kircher, Lingua Aegyptiaca Restituta.[1]
- 1646: John Greaves, Pyramidographia, or a Description of the Pyramids in Ægypt.
## Births
- 1646: April 4 - Antoine Galland (d. 1715).[2]
- 1647: Jacques Spon, French doctor and archaeologist (d. 1685).
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year topic navigation|1640|archaeology|science}}
The decade of the '''1640s in archaeology''' involved some significant events.
==Explorations==
* 1649: [[John Aubrey]] describes the [[megalith]]s at [[Avebury]], [[England]].
==Excavations==
*
==Finds==
*
==Publications==
* 1643: [[Athanasius Kircher]], ''[[Lingua Aegyptiaca Restituta]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Athanasii Kircheri ... Lingua aegyptiaca restituta|language=Latin|date=1643|oclc=9983374}}</ref>
* 1646: [[John Greaves]], ''Pyramidographia, or a Description of the Pyramids in Ægypt''.
==Events==
*
==Births==
* 1646: April 4 - [[Antoine Galland]] (d. [[1715 in archaeology|1715]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies (Library of Congress)|url=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82127356.html|website=id.loc.gov|accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref>
* 1647: [[Jacques Spon]], [[France|French]] [[Physician|doctor]] and [[archaeologist]] (d. [[1685 in archaeology|1685]]).
==Deaths==
*
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Archaeology timeline]]
| years = 1640s
| before = [[1630s in archaeology]]
| after = [[1650s in archaeology]]
}}
{{s-end}}
[[Category:Archaeology by decade]]
[[Category:17th century in archaeology]]
[[Category:1640s in science|Archaeology]]
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[]
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# 1909 in France
Events from the year 1909 in France.
## Incumbents
- President: Armand Fallières
- President of the Council of Ministers: Georges Clemenceau (until 24 July), Aristide Briand (starting 24 July)
## Events
- 20 February - The Futurist Manifesto, written by Italian Filippo Marinetti, is published in Le Figaro.
- 2 February - The Paris Film Congress opens. It is an attempt to form a cartel of leading European producers similar to that of the MPPC in the United States
- 18 April - Joan of Arc is beatified in Rome.
- 25 July - Louis Bleriot is the first man to fly across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air craft.
- 30 July – Société Française de teintures inoffersires, as predecessor of L'Oréal was founded.[citation needed]
- 22 September - Three of the Chauffeurs de la Drome are executed by guillotine in Valence, Drôme in south-west France. They were a gang responsible for a three-year campaign of theft, torture and murder in the department of Drôme.
## Sport
- 5 July - Tour de France begins.
- 1 August - Tour de France ends, won by François Faber of Luxembourg.
## Births
### January to March
- 3 February
- André Cayatte, filmmaker (died 1989)
- Simone Weil, philosopher and social activist (died 1943)
- 10 February - Henri Alekan, cinematographer (died 2001)
- 26 February
- Claude Cahen, orientalist (died 1991)
- Michel Tapié, artist, critic, curator and art collector (died 1987)
- 7 March - Léo Malet, novelist (died 1996)
- 14 March
- Pierre Cloarec, cyclist (died 1994)
- André Pieyre de Mandiargues, writer (died 1991)
- 27 March - Raymond Oliver, chef and restaurateur (died 1990)
- 31 March - Robert Brasillach, author, executed for collaboration (died 1945)
### April to June
- 7 April - Robert Charroux, writer (died 1978)
- 17 April - Alain Poher, politician (died 1996)
- 22 April - André Girard, civil servant and Resistance worker (died 1993)
- 11 May - René Bousquet, civil servant, served as secretary general of the Vichy regime police (died 1993)
- 21 May - Guy de Rothschild, banker (died 2007)
- 15 June - Pierre La Mure, author (died 1976)
- 17 June - Régine Pernoud, historian and medievalist (died 1998)
- 19 June - Robert Défossé, soccer player (died 1973)
### July to September
- 6 July - Jean Taris, swimmer and Olympic medallist (died 1977)
- 8 July - Louis Finot, international soccer player (died 1996)
- 13 July - Marie-Thérèse Walter, mistress of Pablo Picasso (died 1977)
- 15 July - Jean Hamburger, physician, surgeon and essayist (died 1992)
- 26 July - Bernard Cornut-Gentille, administrator and politician (died 1992)
- 5 August - Pierre Guillaumat, politician and Minister (died 1991)
- 11 August - Gaston Litaize, organist and composer (died 1991)
- 25 September - Marc-Gilbert Sauvajon, film director, script-writer, playwright and author (died 1985)
- 27 September - Pascal Themanlys, poet, Zionist and Kabbalist (died 2000)
- 29 September - Jules Merviel, cyclist (died 1976)
- September - Henri Déricourt, pilot and accused double agent (died 1962)
### October to December
- 1 October - Thierry Maulnier, journalist, essayist, dramatist and literary critic (died 1988)
- 11 October - François Tanguy-Prigent, politician and resistance fighter (died 1970)
- 28 October - Claude Bourdet, writer, journalist and politician (died 1996)
- 5 November - Pierre Repp, humorist and actor (died 1986)
- 8 November - Marie-Madeleine Fourcade, French Resistance leader (born 1989)
- 29 November - Jean Leguay, civil servant, accomplice in the deportation of Jews from France (died 1989)
- 2 December - Pierre Langlais, military officer (died 1986)
### Full date unknown
- Marcel Barral, poet (died 1997)
## Deaths
- 18 March - Cécile Bruyère, abbess (born 1845)
- 28 May - Désiré-Magloire Bourneville, neurologist (born 1840)
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Year in France header}}
Events from the year '''1909 in France'''.
==Incumbents==
*[[President of France|President]]: [[Armand Fallières]]
*[[Prime Minister of France|President of the Council of Ministers]]: [[Georges Clemenceau]] (until 24 July), [[Aristide Briand]] (starting 24 July)
==Events==
*20 February - The [[Futurist Manifesto]], written by [[Italians|Italian]] [[Filippo Marinetti]], is published in ''[[Le Figaro]]''.
* 2 February - The [[Paris Film Congress]] opens. It is an attempt to form a cartel of leading European producers similar to that of the [[Motion Picture Patents Company|MPPC]] in the United States
*18 April - [[Joan of Arc]] is beatified in Rome.
*25 July - [[Louis Bleriot]] is the first man to fly across the [[English Channel]] in a heavier-than-air craft.
*30 July – Société Française de teintures inoffersires, as predecessor of [[L'Oréal]] was founded.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
*22 September - Three of the [[Chauffeurs de la Drome]] are executed by guillotine in [[Valence, Drôme]] in south-west France. They were a gang responsible for a three-year campaign of theft, torture and murder in the department of [[Drôme]].
==Sport==
*5 July - [[1909 Tour de France|Tour de France]] begins.
*1 August - Tour de France ends, won by [[François Faber]] of [[Luxembourg]].
==Births==
===January to March===
*3 February
**[[André Cayatte]], filmmaker (died 1989)
**[[Simone Weil]], philosopher and social activist (died 1943)
*10 February - [[Henri Alekan]], [[cinematographer]] (died 2001)
*26 February
**[[Claude Cahen]], [[oriental studies|orientalist]] (died 1991)
**[[Michel Tapié]], artist, [[Art critic|critic]], [[curator]] and [[art collector]] (died 1987)
*7 March - [[Léo Malet]], novelist (died 1996)
*14 March
**[[Pierre Cloarec]], cyclist (died 1994)
**[[André Pieyre de Mandiargues]], writer (died 1991)
*27 March - [[Raymond Oliver]], chef and restaurateur (died 1990)
*31 March - [[Robert Brasillach]], author, executed for collaboration (died 1945)
===April to June===
*7 April - [[Robert Charroux]], writer (died 1978)
*17 April - [[Alain Poher]], politician (died 1996)
*22 April - [[André Girard (1909–1993)|André Girard]], civil servant and Resistance worker (died 1993)
*11 May - [[René Bousquet]], civil servant, served as secretary general of the [[Vichy France|Vichy regime]] police (died 1993)
*21 May - [[Guy de Rothschild]], banker (died 2007)
*15 June - [[Pierre La Mure]], author (died 1976)
*17 June - [[Régine Pernoud]], historian and medievalist (died 1998)
*19 June - [[Robert Défossé]], soccer player (died 1973)
===July to September===
*6 July - [[Jean Taris]], swimmer and Olympic medallist (died 1977)
*8 July - [[Louis Finot (footballer)|Louis Finot]], international soccer player (died 1996)
*13 July - [[Marie-Thérèse Walter]], mistress of [[Pablo Picasso]] (died 1977)
*15 July - [[Jean Hamburger]], physician, surgeon and essayist (died 1992)
*26 July - [[Bernard Cornut-Gentille]], administrator and politician (died 1992)
*5 August - [[Pierre Guillaumat]], politician and Minister (died 1991)
*11 August - [[Gaston Litaize]], [[organist]] and [[composer]] (died 1991)
*25 September - [[Marc-Gilbert Sauvajon]], [[film director]], script-writer, playwright and author (died 1985)
*27 September - [[Pascal Themanlys]], poet, [[Zionism|Zionist]] and [[Kabbalah|Kabbalist]] (died 2000)
*29 September - [[Jules Merviel]], cyclist (died 1976)
*September - [[Henri Déricourt]], pilot and accused double agent (died 1962)
===October to December===
*1 October - [[Thierry Maulnier]], journalist, essayist, dramatist and literary critic (died 1988)
*11 October - [[François Tanguy-Prigent]], politician and resistance fighter (died 1970)
*28 October - [[Claude Bourdet]], writer, journalist and politician (died 1996)
*5 November - [[Pierre Repp]], [[humorist]] and actor (died 1986)
*8 November - [[Marie-Madeleine Fourcade]], [[French Resistance]] leader (born 1989)
*29 November - [[Jean Leguay]], civil servant, accomplice in the deportation of Jews from France (died 1989)
*2 December - [[Pierre Langlais]], military officer (died 1986)
===Full date unknown===
*[[Marcel Barral]], poet (died 1997)
==Deaths==
*18 March - [[Cécile Bruyère]], abbess (born 1845)
*28 May - [[Désiré-Magloire Bourneville]], neurologist (born 1840)
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{France year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1909}}
[[Category:1900s in France]]
| 1,245,313,876 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1908 - 1907 - 1906 - 1905 - 1904": "1909 \u00b7 in \u00b7 France \u00b7 \u2192 - 1910 - 1911 - 1912 - 1913 - 1914", "Decades": "1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s", "See also": "Other events of 1909 \u00b7 History of France \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false |
# 149th Mixed Brigade
The 149th Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army created during the Spanish Civil War. Deployed on the fronts of Madrid, Aragon and Catalonia, the brigade did not play a relevant role in the war.
## History
The unit was created in May 1937, on the Madrid front, from one of the battalions of the 75th Mixed Brigade. Command of the unit initially fell (during the training period) to the infantry commander Enrique García Villanueva, who was replaced shortly after by the militia major Santiago Tito Buades; For his part, the chief of staff fell to the infantry captain Juan Bautista Piera Reus. The 149th Mixed Brigade, which was made up of anarchist elements, was assigned to the 6th Division of the II Army Corps. For months the brigade remained located in front of Madrid, without participating in military operations.
In March 1938, after the beginning of the Aragon Offensive, the 149th Mixed Brigade was sent to reinforce the threatened sector. On March 24, however, it lost the town of Velilla de Ebro to enemy pressure and had to retreat. On March 26, it was defending the sector between Fraga and the Ebro river. Briefly added to the subgroup commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Jesús Liberal Travieso, came to participate in the battle of Lleida. With the fall of the city, all its troops crossed to the other side of the Segre River. Later, it was added to the 16th Division of the XII Army Corps.
The brigade came to take part in the Battle of the Ebro. On July 27, it crossed the river, relieving elements of the 35th International Division in the Gandesa sector. On July 31, it was located in front of Villalba de los Arcos, being relieved of this sector on August 3; it was then assigned to cover the entrances to La Fatarella. In mid-August, during one of the nationalist counterattacks, the 149th Mixed Brigade fell back in disorder — despite the fact that the unit was located in the rear. It was later withdrawn from the Ebro front along with the rest of the units of its division and destined for the reserve, being subjected to a reorganization.
In December 1938, at the beginning of the Catalonia Offensive, the 149th Mixed Brigade constituted the reserve for the sector facing Serós. During the enemy attack, the unit abandoned its positions almost without fighting, partly dragged away by the disbandment of the 179th Mixed Brigade. The commander of the unit, militia major Eduardo Pérez Segura, was suddenly dismissed and replaced by the militia major Filemont. The remains of the 149th Mixed Brigade joined the general retreat towards the border.
## Command
Commanders
- Infantry Commander Enrique García Villanueva;
- Militia major Santiago Tito Buades;
- Militia major Eduardo Pérez Segura;
- Militia major Filemont;
Commissars
- Francisco Agudo;
- Angel Espolín;
- Mariano Martín Herrero, of the CNT;[9]
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{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 149th Mixed Brigade
| native_name = 149.ª Brigada Mixta
| image =
| footer image =
| start_date = [[May 1937]]
| end_date = [[February 1939]]
| country = {{flag|Spanish Republic|name=Spain}}
| allegiance = {{flagicon|Spanish Republic}} [[Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)|Republican faction]]
| branch = [[File:Red star.svg|18px]] [[Spanish Republican Army]]
| type = [[Infantry]]
| size = [[Brigade]]
| command_structure =
| garrison =
| team =
| current_commander =
| notable_commanders =
| symbol =
| symbol2 =
| nickname =
| pattern =
| motto =
| colors =
| march =
| pet =
| battles = '''[[Spanish Civil War]]'''
| anniversaries =
| medals =
| honors =
}}
The '''149th Mixed Brigade''' was a unit of the [[Spanish Republican Army]] created during the [[Spanish Civil War]]. Deployed on the fronts of Madrid, Aragon and Catalonia, the brigade did not play a relevant role in the war.
== History ==
The unit was created in [[May 1937]], on the [[Madrid front]], from one of the battalions of the [[75th Mixed Brigade]].{{Sfn | Engel | 1999 | p = 128}} Command of the unit initially fell (during the training period) to the infantry commander Enrique García Villanueva, who was replaced shortly after by the militia major Santiago Tito Buades; For his part, the chief of staff fell to the infantry captain Juan Bautista Piera Reus.{{Sfn | Engel | 1999 | p = 128}} The 149th Mixed Brigade, which was made up of anarchist elements,{{Sfn | Asenjo | Ramos | 2008 | p = 64}} was assigned to the [[6th Division (Spain)|6th Division]] of the [[II Army Corps (Spain)|II Army Corps]].{{Sfn | Martínez Bande | 1975 | p = 107}} For months the brigade remained located in front of Madrid, without participating in military operations.
In [[March 1938]], after the beginning of the [[Aragon Offensive]], the 149th Mixed Brigade was sent to reinforce the threatened sector.{{Sfn | Martínez Bande | 1975 | p = 107}} On [[March 24]], however, it lost the town of [[Velilla de Ebro]] to enemy pressure and had to retreat. On [[March 26]], it was defending the sector between [[Fraga]] and the [[Ebro river]]. Briefly added to the subgroup {{refn| It was a subgroup, in turn, providing close support to the [[Autonomous group of the Ebro]].{{Sfn | Engel | 1999 | p = 180}} | group = n.}} commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Jesús Liberal Travieso,{{Sfn | Engel | 1999 | p = 180}} came to participate in the [[Battle of Lérida (1938)|battle of Lleida]]. With the fall of the city, all its troops crossed to the other side of the [[Segre River]]. Later, it was added to the [[16th Division (Spain)|16th Division]] of the [[XII Army Corps (Spain)|XII Army Corps]].{{Sfn | Engel | 1999 | p = 206}}{{Sfn | Martínez Bande | 1978 | p = 70}}
The brigade came to take part in the [[Battle of the Ebro]]. On [[July 27]], it crossed the river, relieving elements of the [[35th International Division]] in the [[Gandesa]] sector. On [[July 31]], it was located in front of [[Villalba de los Arcos]], being relieved of this sector on [[August 3]]; it was then assigned to cover the entrances to [[La Fatarella]].{{Sfn | Engel | 1999 | p = 128}} In mid-August, during one of the nationalist counterattacks, the 149th Mixed Brigade fell back in disorder — despite the fact that the unit was located in the rear.{{Sfn | Martínez Bande | 1978 | p = 198}} It was later withdrawn from the Ebro front along with the rest of the units of its division and destined for the reserve, being subjected to a reorganization.
In [[December 1938]], at the beginning of the [[Catalonia Offensive]], the 149th Mixed Brigade constituted the reserve for the sector facing [[Serós]]. During the enemy attack, the unit abandoned its positions almost without fighting, partly dragged away by the disbandment of the [[179th Mixed Brigade]].{{Sfn | Martínez Bande | 1979 | p = 78}} The commander of the unit, militia major Eduardo Pérez Segura, was suddenly dismissed and replaced by the militia major Filemont.{{Sfn | Engel | 1999 | p = 128}} The remains of the 149th Mixed Brigade joined the general retreat towards the border.
== Command ==
; Commanders
* Infantry Commander Enrique García Villanueva;
* Militia major Santiago Tito Buades;
* Militia major Eduardo Pérez Segura;
* Militia major Filemont;
; Commissars
* Francisco Agudo;
* Angel Espolín;
* Mariano Martín Herrero, of the [[National Confederation of Labor|CNT]];{{Sfn | Álvarez | 1989 | p = 183}}
== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=n.}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |first= Mariano |last= Asenjo |first2= Victoria |last2= Ramos |title= Malagón. Autobiografía de un falsificador |publisher= El Viejo Topo |year= 2008 | language = es}}
* {{cite book |first= Santiago |last= Álvarez |title= Los comisarios políticos en el Ejército Popular de la República |publisher= Ediciós do Castro |year= 1989| language = es}}
* {{cite book| last = Engel | first = Carlos| title = Historia de las Brigadas Mixtas del Ejército Popular de la República| year = 1999| location = Madrid| publisher = Almena| isbn = 84-922644-7-0| language = es}}
* {{cite book | last = Martínez Bande | first = José Manuel | title = La llegada al mar | year = 1975 | location = Madrid |publisher= San Martín | isbn = 84-7140-115-0 | language = es}}
* {{cite book |last= Martínez Bande |first= José Manuel |title= La Batalla del Ebro |publisher= San Martín |location= Madrid |year= 1978 | language = es}}
* {{cite book |last= Martínez Bande |first= José Manuel |title= La Campaña de Cataluña |publisher= San Martín |location= Madrid |year= 1979 | language = es}}
{{Mixed brigades of Spain|state=expanded}}
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1937]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1939]]
[[Category:Mixed Brigades (Spain)]]
[[Category:Military units and formations of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)]]
[[Category:Military history of Spain]]
[[Category:Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic]]
| 1,239,018,823 |
[{"title": "149th Mixed Brigade", "data": {"Active": "May 1937\u2013February 1939", "Country": "Spain", "Allegiance": "Republican faction", "Branch": "Spanish Republican Army", "Type": "Infantry", "Size": "Brigade", "Engagements": "Spanish Civil War"}}]
| false |
# 1700s BC (decade)
The 1700s BC was a decade lasting from January 1, 1709 BC to December 31, 1700 BC.
## Events and trends
- c. 1700 BC – The last woolly mammoth goes extinct on Wrangel Island.
- c. 1700 BC – The city of Knossos on Crete is destroyed by fire.[1]
- c. 1700 BC – Aegean metalworkers begin producing crafts that rival those of the ancient Near East, whose techniques they seem to borrow.
- c. 1700 BC – The Indus Valley civilization comes to an end and the Cemetery H culture begins.
- c. 1700 BC – Lila-Ir-Tash starts ruling the Elamite Empire.
- c. 1700 BC – Bronze Age starts in China.
- c. 1700 BC – The Oxus civilization ends in today's Central Asia.
- c. 1700 BC – Meteor explosion produces Middle Ghor Event: Catastrophic Termination of a Bronze Age Civilization
## Significant people
- Jie of Xia, last ruler of the Xia dynasty, begins ruling around 1706 BC
- Lila-Ir-Tash, king of the Elamite Empire
- Rim-Sin I, king of the city-state of Larsa
- Hammurabi, king of Babylon (according to the short chronology)
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Q613004
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{{Short description|Decade}}
{{Decadebox BC|170}}
The '''1700s BC''' was a decade lasting from January 1, 1709 BC to December 31, 1700 BC.
==Events and trends==
* c. 1700 BC – The last [[woolly mammoth]] goes extinct on [[Wrangel Island]].
* c. 1700 BC – The city of [[Knossos]] on [[Crete]] is destroyed by fire.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/timeline/time0002.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020917172800/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/timeline/time0002.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 17, 2002|title=Timeline -- B.C.|website=www.au.af.mil}}</ref>
* c. 1700 BC – [[Aegean civilizations|Aegean]] metalworkers begin producing crafts that rival those of the [[ancient Near East]], whose techniques they seem to borrow.
* c. 1700 BC – The [[Indus Valley civilization]] comes to an end and the [[Cemetery H culture]] begins.
* c. 1700 BC – Lila-Ir-Tash starts ruling the [[Elamite Empire]].
* c. 1700 BC – [[Bronze Age China|Bronze Age]] starts in China.
* c. 1700 BC – The [[Oxus civilization]] ends in today's [[Central Asia]].
*c. 1700 BC – Meteor explosion produces [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Phillip_Silvia/publication/329755765_The_37kaBP_Middle_Ghor_Event_Catastrophic_Termination_of_a_Bronze_Age_Civilization/links/5c1920b692851c22a3347988/The-37kaBP-Middle-Ghor-Event-Catastrophic-Termination-of-a-Bronze-Age-Civilization.pdf Middle Ghor Event: Catastrophic Termination of a Bronze Age Civilization]
==Significant people==
* [[Jie of Xia]], last ruler of the [[Xia dynasty]], begins ruling around 1706 BC
* Lila-Ir-Tash, king of the Elamite Empire
* [[Rim-Sin I]], king of the city-state of [[Larsa]]
* [[Hammurabi]], king of Babylon (according to the [[short chronology]])
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1709-1700 BC}}
[[Category:18th century BC]]
{{BC-year-stub}}
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[]
| false |
# 1790 in India
Events in the year 1790 in India.
## Events
- National income - ₹10,434 million
- Third Anglo-Mysore War.[1]
- 26 October - Kingdom of Coorg became a Protectorate of East India Company.[2]
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Q16056176
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Year in India|1790}}
Events in the year '''1790 in India'''.
==Events==
*National income - ₹10,434 million
* [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]].<ref>''Everyman's Dictionary of Dates''; 6th ed. J. M. Dent, 1971; p. 261</ref>
* 26 October - [[Kingdom of Coorg]] became a [[Protectorate]] of [[East India Company]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seringapatam 1799: Virarajendra |url=https://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/seringapatam/profiles/virarajendra.html |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=www.mq.edu.au}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{India year nav}}
{{Year in Asia|1790}}
[[Category:1790 in India| ]]
[[Category:1790 by country|India]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in India]]
{{India-year-stub}}
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1789 - 1788 - 1787": "1790 \u00b7 in \u00b7 India \u00b7 \u2192 - 1791 - 1792 - 1793", "Centuries": "16th 17th 18th 19th 20th", "Decades": "1770s 1780s 1790s 1800s 1810s", "See also": "List of years in India \u00b7 Timeline of Indian history"}}]
| false |
# 1440 in France
Events from the year 1440 in France
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Charles VII[1]
## Events
- 2 July – Richard, Duke of York is appointed as commander of English forces in France for the second time
- 31 August – The siege of Tartas begins as part of the Hundred Years War
- 22 October – Gilles de Rais is executed in Nantes
- Unknown – The Praguerie rebellion breaks out against the rule of Charles VII
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en
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Q56292327
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in France header}}
Events from the year '''1440 in [[France]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of French monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hourihane |first1=Colum |title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-539536-5 |page=225 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtlMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA225 |access-date=31 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
==Events==
* 2 July – [[Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York|Richard, Duke of York]] is appointed as commander of English forces in France for the second time
* 31 August – The [[siege of Tartas]] begins as part of the [[Hundred Years War]]
* 22 October – [[Gilles de Rais]] is executed in [[Nantes]]
* Unknown – The [[Praguerie]] rebellion breaks out against the rule of [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{France year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1440}}
[[Category:1440s in France]]
| 1,245,310,199 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1439 - 1438 - 1437 - 1436 - 1435": "1440 \u00b7 in \u00b7 France \u00b7 \u2192 - 1441 - 1442 - 1443 - 1444 - 1445", "Decades": "1420s 1430s 1440s 1450s 1460s", "See also": "Other events of 1440 \u00b7 History of France \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false |
# 1640 in music
## Events
- January 21 – Salmacida Spolia, the final royal masque of the Caroline era, is performed at Whitehall Palace. The work features music by composer Lewis Richard.
## Publications
### Music
- Agostino Agazzari – Musicum encomium, divini nominis, simplicibus... (Rome: Vincenzo Blanco)
- Angelo Michele Bartolotti – Libro primo di chitarra spagnola, published in Florence
- Scipione Dentice – Second book of madrigali spirituali for five voices (Naples: Ottavio Beltrano)
- Giovanni Girolamo Kapsberger – Libro quarto d'intavolatura di chitarrone (Rome)
### Theory
- Pietro Della Valle – Della musica dell'età nostra che non è punto inferiore, anzi è migliore di quella dell'età passata (About the Music of our Time, which is not Worse but Better than that of Previous Ages)
## Classical music
- Claudio Monteverdi – Selva morale e spirituale, published in Venice
## Opera
- Francesco Cavalli – Gli amori d'Apollo e di Dafne
- Benedetto Ferrari – Il pastor regio, premiered in Venice
- Claudio Monteverdi – Il ritorno d'Ulisse in Patria
## Births
- January 5 – Paolo Lorenzani, composer (died 1713)
- April 4 – Gaspar Sanz, Spanish priest and composer (d. 1710)
- August 8 – Amalia Catharina, German poet and composer (d. 1697)
- November 4 – Carlo Mannelli, Italian violinist, castrato singer and composer (d. 1697)
- probable – Antonia Bembo, singer and composer (d. c. 1720)
## Deaths
- February 12 – Michael Altenburg, composer and theologian (born 1584)
- April 10 – Agostino Agazzari, Sienese composer and music theorist (born 1578)
- June – Peter Hasse, German organist and composer (b. c. 1585)
- June 29 – John Adson, musician and composer (born c. 1587)
- November – Giles Farnaby, virginalist and composer (born 1563)
- Adriana Basile, Italian composer (b. 1580)
- Francisca Duarte, Portuguese singer (b. 1595)
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en
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Q3408843
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1640|music}}
==Events==
*[[January 21]] – {{lang|it|[[Salmacida Spolia]]}}, the final royal [[masque]] of the [[Caroline era]], is performed at [[Whitehall Palace]]. The work features music by composer [[Lewis Richard]].
==Publications==
===Music===
*[[Agostino Agazzari]] – {{lang|la|Musicum encomium, divini nominis, simplicibus...}} (Rome: Vincenzo Blanco)
*[[Angelo Michele Bartolotti]] – {{lang|it|Libro primo di chitarra spagnola}}, published in [[Florence]]
*[[Scipione Dentice]] – Second book of {{lang|it|madrigali spirituali}} for five voices (Naples: Ottavio Beltrano)
*[[Giovanni Girolamo Kapsberger]] – {{lang|it|Libro quarto d'intavolatura di chitarrone}} (Rome)
===Theory===
*[[Pietro Della Valle]] – {{lang|it|Della musica dell'età nostra che non è punto inferiore, anzi è migliore di quella dell'età passata}} (About the Music of our Time, which is not Worse but Better than that of Previous Ages)
==Classical music==
*[[Claudio Monteverdi]] – {{lang|it|[[Selva morale e spirituale]]}}, published in [[Venice]]
==Opera==
*[[Francesco Cavalli]] – {{lang|it|[[Gli amori d'Apollo e di Dafne]]}}
*[[Benedetto Ferrari]] – {{lang|it|Il pastor regio}}, premiered in Venice
*[[Claudio Monteverdi]] – {{lang|it|[[Il ritorno d'Ulisse in Patria]]}}
==Births==
*[[January 5]] – [[Paolo Lorenzani]], composer (died 1713)
*[[April 4]] – [[Gaspar Sanz]], Spanish priest and composer (d. 1710)
*[[August 8]] – [[Amalia Catharina]], German poet and composer (d. 1697)
*[[November 4]] – [[Carlo Mannelli]], Italian violinist, ''castrato'' singer and composer (d. 1697)
*''probable'' – [[Antonia Bembo]], singer and composer (d. c. 1720)
==Deaths==
*[[February 12]] – [[Michael Altenburg]], composer and theologian (born 1584)
*[[April 10]] – [[Agostino Agazzari]], Sienese composer and music theorist (born 1578)
*June – [[Peter Hasse]], German organist and composer (b. c. 1585)
*[[June 29]] – [[John Adson]], musician and composer (born c. 1587)
*November – [[Giles Farnaby]], [[virginalist]] and composer (born 1563)
*[[Adriana Basile]], Italian composer (b. 1580)
*[[Francisca Duarte]], Portuguese singer (b. 1595)
[[Category:1640 in music| ]]
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# 1909 in Germany
Events in the year 1909 in Germany.
## Incumbents
### National level
- Kaiser – Wilhelm II[1]
- Chancellor – Bernhard von Bülow until 14 July, then Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
### State level
#### Kingdoms
- King of Bavaria – Otto
- King of Prussia – Wilhelm II
- King of Saxony – Frederick Augustus III
- King of Württemberg – William II
#### Grand Duchies
- Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick II
- Grand Duke of Hesse – Ernest Louis
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis IV
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Adolphus Frederick V
- Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Frederick Augustus II
- Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – William Ernest
#### Principalities
- Schaumburg-Lippe – George, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (who assumed the title "Prince of Schwarzburg" from 28 March)
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen to 28 March, then Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
- Principality of Lippe – Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe
- Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (with Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line as regent)
- Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
- Waldeck and Pyrmont – Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
#### Duchies
- Duke of Anhalt – Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt
- Duke of Brunswick – Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg (regent)
- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
#### Colonial Governors
- Cameroon (Kamerun) – Theodor Seitz (3rd term) to 10 February, then Wilhelm Peter Hansen (acting governor) to October, the again Theodor Seitz (4th and final term)
- Kiaochow (Kiautschou) – Oskar von Truppel
- German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Georg Albrecht Freiherr von Rechenberg
- German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Albert Hahl (2nd term)
- German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) – Wilhelm Solf
- German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Bruno von Schuckmann
- Togoland – Johann Nepomuk Graf Zech auf Neuhofen
## Events
- 19 December: German football club Borussia Dortmund was founded.
- Summer – German Chemists Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch first demonstrate the Haber process, the catalytic formation of ammonia from hydrogen and atmospheric nitrogen under conditions of high temperature and pressure.
### Undated
- Bavaria 09 Berlin, German association football club founded.
- A team under German chemist Fritz Hofmann first synthesizes synthetic rubber (Methylkautschuk).
- Linde–Frank–Caro process was invented by Adolf Frank and developed with Carl von Linde and Heinrich Caro.
(Methylkautschuk).
## Births
- 4 January – Cilly Aussem, German tennis player (died 1963)
- 8 January – Willy Millowitsch, German actor (died 1999)
- 15 January – Jean Bugatti, German automobile designer (died 1939)
- 31 January – Yosef Burg German-born Israeli politician and rabbi (died 1999)
- 3 February – Kurt Petter, physician, youth leader and educational administrator (died 1969)
- 20 February – Heinz Erhardt, German comedian (died 1979)
- 19 March – Otto John, German lawyer (died 1997)
- 27 March – Golo Mann, German historian, essayist and writer (died 1994)
- 2 April – Otto Haxel, German nuclear physicist (died 1998)
- 23 April – Karl Klasen, German banker (died 1991)
- 24 April: Bernhard Grzimek German zoo director, zoologist, book author, editor, and animal conservationist in postwar West-Germany.(died 1987)
- Konrad Frey, German gymnast (died 1974)
- Werner Jacobs, German film director (died 1999)
- 25 April – Ludwig Martin, German lawyer (died 2010)
- 26 April – Marianne Hoppe, German actress (died 2002)
- 8 May – Paul May, German film director (died 1976)
- 11 May – Georg von Holtzbrinck, German publisher (died 1983)
- 22 May – Willi Geiger, German judge (died 1994)
- 25 May – Alfred Kubel, German politician (died 1999)
- 21 June — Helmut Möckel, youth leader and politician (died 1945)
- 22 June – Heinrich Graf von Lehndorff-Steinort, German officer (died 1944)
- 4 July – Alex Seidel, German weapons manufacturer (died 1989)
- 7 July – Gottfried von Cramm, tennis player (died 1976)
- 22 July – Franz-Josef Röder, politician (died 1979)
- 9 August – Adam von Trott zu Solz, German diplomat (died 1944)
- 13 August – Werner Otto, German businessman (died 2011)
- 5 September – Hans Carste, German composer and conductor (died 1971)
- 7 September – Kurt A. Körber, German entrepreneur (died 1992)
- 14 October – Bernd Rosemeyer, German racing driver (died 1938)
- 25 October – Dieter Borsche, German actor (died 1982)
- 30 October – Carl Lange, German actor (died 1999)
- 7 November – Ezriel Carlebach, German-born Israeli journalist and publicist (died 1956)
- 1 December – Hans-Heinrich Sievert, German decathlete (died 1963)
- 2 December – Marion Dönhoff, German journalist (died 2002)
- 3 December – Charlotte Kretschmann, German supercentenarian (died 2024)
- 23 December – Joachim Werner, German archaeologist (died 1994)
## Deaths
- 22 January – Emil Erlenmeyer, chemist (born 1825)
- 2 February – Adolf Stoecker, German pastor and politician (born 1835)
- 26 February – Hermann Ebbinghaus, psychologist (born 1850)
- 24 March – Alfred Messel, German architect (born 1853)
- 28 March – Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, nobleman (born 1830)
- 30 April – Albert Langen, German publisher (born 1869)
- 9 May – Margarete Steiff, German seamstress and company founder (born 1847)
- 13 May – Heinrich Limpricht, German chemist (born 1827)
- 19 May - Gustav zu Bentheim-Tecklenburg, German politician (born 1849)
- 24 May – Georg von Neumayer, German polar explorer (born 1826)[2]
- 3 June - Theodor Barth, German politician and publicis (born 1849)
- 8 June – Fritz Overbeck, German painter (born 1869)
- 3 July – Hermann Johannes Pfannenstiel, German gynecologist (born 1862)
- 13 October – Julius Ruthardt, German violinist and composer (born 1841)
- 30 October – Leopold Sonnemann, German newspaper publisher (born 1831)
- 16 December – Ludwig Friedländer, German philologist (born 1824)
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{pp-sock|small=yes}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2018}}
{{Year in Germany|1909}}
Events in the year '''1909 in [[Germany]]'''.
==Incumbents==
===National level===
* [[Kaiser]] – [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Historic Figures: Wilhelm II (1859 - 1941) |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/wilhelm_kaiser_ii.shtml |website=BBC - History |access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref>
* [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]] – [[Bernhard von Bülow]] until 14 July, then [[Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg]]
===State level===
====Kingdoms====
* [[King of Bavaria]] – [[Otto, King of Bavaria|Otto]]
* [[List of rulers of Prussia|King of Prussia]] – Wilhelm II
* [[King of Saxony]] – [[Frederick Augustus III of Saxony|Frederick Augustus III]]
* [[King of Württemberg]] – [[William II of Württemberg|William II]]
====Grand Duchies====
* [[Grand Duke of Baden]] – [[Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden|Frederick II]]
* [[Grand Duke of Hesse]] – [[Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse|Ernest Louis]]
* [[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] – [[Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg|Frederick Francis IV]]
* [[Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] – [[Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg|Adolphus Frederick V]]
* [[Grand Duke of Oldenburg]] – [[Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg|Frederick Augustus II]]
* [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] – [[William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|William Ernest]]
====Principalities====
* [[Schaumburg-Lippe]] – [[George, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe]]
* [[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]] – [[Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg|Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]] (who assumed the title "Prince of Schwarzburg" from 28 March)
* [[Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]] – [[Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]] to 28 March, then [[Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg]]
* [[Principality of Lippe]] – [[Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe]]
* [[Reuss Elder Line]] – [[Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz]] (with [[Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line]] as regent)
* [[Reuss Younger Line]] – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
* [[Waldeck (state)|Waldeck and Pyrmont]] – [[Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont]]
====Duchies====
* [[Duke of Anhalt]] – [[Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt]]
* [[Duke of Brunswick]] – [[Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg]] (regent)
* [[Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]] – [[Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]]
* [[Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] – [[Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]
* [[Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]] – [[Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]]
====Colonial Governors====
* [[Kamerun|Cameroon]] (Kamerun) – [[Theodor Seitz]] ''(3rd term)'' to 10 February, then [[Wilhelm Peter Hansen]] ''(acting governor)'' to October, the again Theodor Seitz ''(4th and final term)''
* [[Kiautschou Bay concession|Kiaochow]] (Kiautschou) – [[Oskar von Truppel]]
* [[German East Africa]] (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – [[Georg Albrecht Freiherr von Rechenberg]]
* [[German New Guinea]] (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – [[Albert Hahl]] ''(2nd term)''
* [[German Samoa]] (Deutsch-Samoa) – [[Wilhelm Solf]]
* [[German South-West Africa]] (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – [[Bruno von Schuckmann]]
* [[Togoland]] – [[Johann Nepomuk Graf Zech auf Neuhofen]]
==Events==
* [[19 December]]: German football club [[Borussia Dortmund]] was founded.
* Summer – German Chemists [[Fritz Haber]] and [[Carl Bosch]] first demonstrate the [[Haber process]], the catalytic formation of ammonia from hydrogen and atmospheric nitrogen under conditions of high temperature and pressure.
=== Undated ===
* [[Bavaria 09 Berlin]], German association football club founded.
* A team under German chemist [[Fritz Hofmann (chemist)|Fritz Hofmann]] first synthesizes [[synthetic rubber]] (Methylkautschuk).
* [[Linde–Frank–Caro process]] was invented by [[Adolf Frank]] and developed with [[Carl von Linde]] and [[Heinrich Caro]].
(Methylkautschuk).
{{Div col}}
{{div col end}}
==Births==
{{Div col}}
* [[4 January]] – [[Cilly Aussem]], German tennis player (died [[1963 in Germany|1963]])
* [[8 January]] – [[Willy Millowitsch]], German actor (died [[1999 in Germany|1999]])
* [[15 January]] – [[Jean Bugatti]], German automobile designer (died [[1939 in Germany|1939]])
* [[31 January]] – [[Yosef Burg]] German-born [[Israel]]i politician and rabbi (died [[1999 in Israel|1999]])
* [[3 February]] – [[Kurt Petter]], physician, youth leader and educational administrator (died [[1969 in Sweden|1969]])
* [[20 February]] – [[Heinz Erhardt]], German comedian (died [[1979 in Germany|1979]])
* [[19 March]] – [[Otto John]], German lawyer (died [[1997 in Germany|1997]])
* [[27 March]] – [[Golo Mann]], German historian, essayist and writer (died [[1994 in Germany|1994]])
* [[2 April]] – [[Otto Haxel]], German nuclear physicist (died [[1998 in Germany|1998]])
* [[23 April]] – [[Karl Klasen]], German banker (died [[1991 in Germany|1991]])
* [[24 April]]: [[Bernhard Grzimek]] German zoo director, zoologist, book author, editor, and animal conservationist in postwar West-Germany.(died [[1987 in Germany|1987]])
* [[Konrad Frey]], German gymnast (died [[1974 in Germany|1974]])
* [[Werner Jacobs]], German film director (died [[1999 in Germany|1999]])
* [[25 April]] – [[Ludwig Martin]], German lawyer (died [[2010 in Germany|2010]])
* [[26 April]] – [[Marianne Hoppe]], German actress (died [[2002 in Germany|2002]])
* [[8 May]] – [[Paul May]], German film director (died [[1976 in Germany|1976]])
* [[11 May]] – [[Georg von Holtzbrinck]], German publisher (died [[1983 in Germany|1983]])
* [[22 May]] – [[Willi Geiger (judge)|Willi Geiger]], German judge (died [[1994 in Germany|1994]])
* [[25 May]] – [[Alfred Kubel]], German politician (died [[1999 in Germany|1999]])
* [[21 June]] — [[Helmut Möckel (politician)|Helmut Möckel]], youth leader and politician (died [[1945 in Germany|1945]])
* [[22 June]] – [[Heinrich Graf von Lehndorff-Steinort]], German officer (died [[1944 in Germany|1944]])
* [[4 July]] – [[Alex Seidel]], German weapons manufacturer (died [[1989 in Germany|1989]])
* [[7 July]] – [[Gottfried von Cramm]], tennis player (died [[1976 in Germany|1976]])
* [[22 July]] – [[Franz-Josef Röder]], politician (died [[1979 in Germany|1979]])
* [[9 August]] – [[Adam von Trott zu Solz]], German diplomat (died [[1944 in Germany|1944]])
* [[13 August]] – [[Werner Otto (entrepreneur)|Werner Otto]], German businessman (died [[2011 in Germany|2011]])
* [[5 September]] – [[Hans Carste]], German composer and conductor (died [[1971 in Germany|1971]])
* [[7 September]] – [[Kurt A. Körber]], German entrepreneur (died [[1992 in Germany|1992]])
* [[14 October]] – [[Bernd Rosemeyer]], German racing driver (died [[1938 in Germany|1938]])
* [[25 October]] – [[Dieter Borsche]], German actor (died [[1982 in Germany|1982]])
* [[30 October]] – [[Carl Lange (actor)|Carl Lange]], German actor (died [[1999 in Germany|1999]])
* [[7 November]] – [[Ezriel Carlebach]], German-born [[Israel]]i journalist and publicist (died [[1956 in Israel|1956]])
* [[1 December]] – [[Hans-Heinrich Sievert]], German decathlete (died [[1963 in Germany|1963]])
* [[2 December]] – [[Marion Dönhoff]], German journalist (died [[2002 in Germany|2002]])
* [[3 December]] – [[Charlotte Kretschmann]], German supercentenarian (died [[2024 in Germany|2024]])
* [[23 December]] – [[Joachim Werner (archaeologist)|Joachim Werner]], German archaeologist (died [[1994 in Germany|1994]])
{{div col end}}
==Deaths==
{{Expand section|date=October 2011}}
{{Div col}}
* [[22 January]] – [[Emil Erlenmeyer]], chemist (born [[1825 in Germany|1825]])
* [[2 February]] – [[Adolf Stoecker]], German pastor and politician (born [[1835 in Germany|1835]])
* [[26 February]] – [[Hermann Ebbinghaus]], psychologist (born [[1850 in Germany|1850]])
* [[24 March]] – [[Alfred Messel]], German architect (born [[1853 in Germany|1853]])
* [[28 March]] – [[Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]], nobleman (born [[1830 in Germany|1830]])
* [[30 April]] – [[Albert Langen]], German publisher (born [[1869 in Germany|1869]])
* [[9 May]] – [[Margarete Steiff]], German seamstress and company founder (born [[1847 in Germany|1847]])
* [[13 May]] – [[Heinrich Limpricht]], German chemist (born [[1827 in Germany|1827]])
* [[19 May]] - [[Gustav zu Bentheim-Tecklenburg]], German politician (born [[1849 in Germany|1849]])
* [[24 May]] – [[Georg von Neumayer]], German polar explorer (born [[1826 in Germany|1826]])<ref>{{cite web |last1=Swan |first1=R. A. |title=Neumayer, Georg Balthasar von (1826–1909) |url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/neumayer-georg-balthasar-von-4290 |website=Australian Dictionary of Biography |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref>
* [[3 June]] - [[Theodor Barth]], German politician and publicis (born [[1849 in Germany|1849]])
* [[8 June]] – [[Fritz Overbeck]], German painter (born [[1869 in Germany|1869]])
* [[3 July]] – [[Hermann Johannes Pfannenstiel]], German gynecologist (born [[1862 in Germany|1862]])
* [[13 October]] – [[Julius Ruthardt]], German violinist and composer (born [[1841 in Germany|1841]])
* [[30 October]] – [[Leopold Sonnemann]], German newspaper publisher (born [[1831 in Germany|1831]])
* [[16 December]] – [[Ludwig Friedländer]], German philologist (born [[1824 in Germany|1824]])
{{div col end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Germany year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1909}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1909 In Germany}}
[[Category:1909 in Germany| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 20th century in Germany]]
[[Category:1909 by country|Germany]]
[[Category:1909 in Europe|Germany]]
{{Germany-hist-stub}}
| 1,245,933,031 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1908 - 1907 - 1906": "1909 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Germany \u00b7 \u2192 - 1910 - 1911 - 1912", "Decades": "1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s", "See also": "Other events of 1909 \u00b7 History of Germany \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false |
# 1640 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1640.
## Events
- January 21 – Salmacida Spolia, a masque written by Sir William Davenant and designed by Inigo Jones, is performed at Whitehall Palace. It is the final royal masque of the Caroline era.
- March 17 (St. Patrick's Day) – Henry Burnell's play Landgartha is first performed, at the Werburgh Street Theatre in Dublin. It is one of the earliest plays from a native Irish playwright.
- c. April 16 – James Shirley returns to England from Ireland.
- May 4 – Theatre manager William Beeston is sent to the Marshalsea Prison for staging a play (possibly Richard Brome's The Court Beggar or his The Queen and Concubine) which offends the Stuart regime. This constitutes the only repression of the theatre to occur during the reign of King Charles I.
- May 28 – Pedro Calderón de la Barca joins the Catalan campaign led by the Duke of Olivares.
- English Cavalier poet Richard Lovelace, serving in the Bishops' Wars in Scotland, writes "To Lucasta, Going to the Warres" (published 1649) and the unperformed tragedy The Soldier (lost).
## New books
- The Bay Psalm Book, the first book printed in North America
- Uriel da Costa – Exemplar Humanae Vitae
- Diego de Saavedra Fajardo – Idea de un príncipe político cristiano (literally, "The Idea of a Christian Political Prince;" in English, The Royal Politician)
- Thomas Fuller – Joseph's Partly-coloured Coat
- James Howell – Dodona's Grove
- Cornelius Jansen – Augustinus
- Thomas Stephens – Arte da lingoa Canarim, a grammar of the Konkani language[1]
- John Wilkins – A Discourse Concerning a New Planet
- Francisco de Rioja – Aristarco o censura de la proclamación católica de los catalanes
- Baltasar Gracián – El político Don Fernando el Católico
- Juan Eusebio Nieremberg – De la diferencia entre lo temporal y lo eterno. Crisol de desengaño
## New drama
- Henry Burnell – Landgartha
- Pierre Corneille – Horace
- William Davenant – Salmacida Spolia
- John Fletcher & James Shirley – The Night Walker (published)
- Henry Glapthorne – The Hollander, Wit in a Constable, and The Ladies' Privilege (published)
- John Gough – The Strange Discovery
- William Habington – The Queen of Arragon
- Samuel Harding – Sicily and Naples
- Jean Mairet – L’Illustre corsaire
- Nathaniel Richards – Messalina (published)
- Joseph Rutter- The Cid, Part 2 (published)
- George Sandys – Christ's Passion (English translation of Hugo Grotius's Christus Patiens)
- Lewis Sharpe – The Noble Stranger published
- James Shirley – The Imposture performed; a single-volume collection of eight plays published; The Arcadia, The Humorous Courtier, and Saint Patrick for Ireland published; The Coronation published but misattributed to John Fletcher
- Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla – Los bandos de Verona
- Pedro Calderón de la Barca – Psiquis y Cupido
- Valentín de Céspedes – Las glorias del mejor siglo
- Lope de Vega – Parte XXIV de comedias
- Entremeses nuevos
- Fray Alonso Remón – Las tres mujeres en una
- Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla
- Donde hay agravios no hay celos
- No hay amigo para amigo
- Progne y Filomena
## Poetry
- Thomas Carew – Poems
- Robert Sempill the younger – The Life and Death of Habbie Simpson, Piper of Kilbarchan
- John Tatham – Fancy's Theatre
- Romances varios de diversos autores
## Births
- April 2 – Marianna Alcoforado, Portuguese nun and purported letter-writer (died 1723)
- June 5 – Pu Songling (蒲松龄), Chinese writer (died 1715)
- August 8 – Amalia Catharina, German poet (died 1697)
- September 6 – Heinrich Brewer, German historian (died c. 1713)
- December 6 – Claude Fleury, French historian (died 1723)
- December 14 (baptized) – Aphra Behn (Eaffrey Johnson), English dramatist (died 1689)[2]
Uncertain dates
- David-Augustin de Brueys, French theologian and dramatist (died 1723)
- Madame de Villedieu, French dramatist and novelist (died 1683)
## Deaths
- January 25 – Robert Burton, English scholar (born 1577)
- February/March – Richard Rowlands, English antiquary (born c. 1550)
- March 8 (burial) – Samuel Ward, English Puritan preacher and writer (born 1577)
- March 17 – Philip Massinger, English dramatist (born 1583)
- March 22 – Thomas Carew, English poet (born 1595)
- April – Uriel da Costa, Portuguese philosopher (born c. 1585)
- April 2 – Paul Fleming, German poet (born 1609)
- April 28 (burial) – William Alabaster, English poet and playwright (born 1567)
- May 30 – André Duchesne, French historian (born 1584)
- October 1 – Claudio Achillini, Italian philosopher and poet (born 1574)
- December
- William Aspley, English publisher (born c. 1573)
- Sir John Melton, English politician and writer (unknown year of birth)
- unknown dates
- Charles Aleyn, English poet (unknown year of birth)
- Daniel Naborowski, Polish Baroque poet (born 1573)
- probable – Elizabeth Melville, Scottish poet (born c. 1578)[3]
|
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1640|literature}}
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of '''1640'''.
==Events==
*[[January 21]] – ''[[Salmacida Spolia]]'', a [[masque]] written by Sir [[William Davenant]] and designed by [[Inigo Jones]], is performed at [[Whitehall Palace]]. It is the final royal masque of the [[Caroline era]].
*[[March 17]] ([[St. Patrick's Day]]) – [[Henry Burnell (author)|Henry Burnell]]'s play ''Landgartha'' is first performed, at the [[Werburgh Street Theatre]] in [[Dublin]]. It is one of the earliest plays from a native Irish playwright.
*c. [[April 16]] – [[James Shirley]] returns to England from Ireland.
*[[May 4]] – Theatre manager [[William Beeston]] is sent to the [[Marshalsea]] Prison for staging a play (possibly [[Richard Brome]]'s ''[[The Court Beggar]]'' or his ''[[The Queen and Concubine]]'') which offends the Stuart regime. This constitutes the only repression of the theatre to occur during the reign of King [[Charles I of England|Charles I]].
*[[May 28]] – [[Pedro Calderón de la Barca]] joins the Catalan campaign led by the Duke of Olivares.
*English [[Cavalier poet]] [[Richard Lovelace (poet)|Richard Lovelace]], serving in the [[Bishops' Wars]] in Scotland, writes "[[To Lucasta, Going to the Warres]]" (published [[1649 in literature|1649]]) and the unperformed tragedy ''The Soldier'' (lost).
==New books==
*''The [[Bay Psalm Book]]'', the first book printed in North America
*[[Uriel da Costa]] – ''Exemplar Humanae Vitae''
*[[Diego de Saavedra Fajardo]] – ''Idea de un príncipe político cristiano'' (literally, "The Idea of a Christian Political Prince;" in English, ''The Royal Politician'')
*[[Thomas Fuller]] – ''Joseph's {{sic|hide=y|Partly|-}}coloured Coat''
*[[James Howell]] – ''[[Dodona's Grove]]''
*[[Cornelius Jansen]] – ''[[Augustinus]]''
*[[Thomas Stephens (Jesuit)|Thomas Stephens]] – ''[[Arte da lingoa Canarim]]'', a grammar of the [[Konkani language]]<ref>D.O. Hunter-Blair incorrectly describes the ''Arte'' as a grammar of the language spoken in Canara, a district on the Malabar coast; see "Thomas Stephen Buston". ''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]''. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913. The ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' has another article on Thomas Stephens, under "Thomas Stephens".</ref>
*[[John Wilkins]] – ''A Discourse Concerning a New Planet''
*[[Francisco de Rioja]] – ''Aristarco o censura de la proclamación católica de los catalanes''
*[[Baltasar Gracián]] – ''El político Don Fernando el Católico''
*[[Juan Eusebio Nieremberg]] – ''De la diferencia entre lo temporal y lo eterno. Crisol de desengaño''
==New drama==
*[[Henry Burnell (author)|Henry Burnell]] – ''Landgartha''
*[[Pierre Corneille]] – ''[[Horace (play)|Horace]]''
*[[William Davenant]] – ''[[Salmacida Spolia]]''
*[[John Fletcher (playwright)|John Fletcher]] & James Shirley – ''[[The Night Walker]]'' (published)
*[[Henry Glapthorne]] – ''The Hollander'', ''Wit in a Constable'', and ''The Ladies' Privilege'' (published)
*John Gough – ''The Strange Discovery''
*[[William Habington]] – ''The Queen of Arragon''
*[[Samuel Harding (playwright)|Samuel Harding]] – ''Sicily and Naples''
*[[Jean Mairet]] – ''L’Illustre corsaire''
*[[Nathaniel Richards (writer)|Nathaniel Richards]] – ''Messalina'' (published)
*[[Joseph Rutter]]- ''The Cid, Part 2'' (published)
*[[George Sandys]] – ''Christ's Passion'' (English translation of [[Hugo Grotius]]'s ''Christus Patiens'')
*Lewis Sharpe – ''The Noble Stranger'' published
*[[James Shirley]] – ''[[The Imposture]]'' performed; a single-volume collection of eight plays published; ''[[The Arcadia (play)|The Arcadia]]'', ''[[The Humorous Courtier]]'', and ''[[Saint Patrick for Ireland]]'' published; ''[[The Coronation (play)|The Coronation]]'' published but misattributed to John Fletcher
*[[Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla]] – ''Los bandos de Verona''
*[[Pedro Calderón de la Barca]] – ''Psiquis y Cupido''
*[[Valentín de Céspedes]] – ''Las glorias del mejor siglo''
*[[Lope de Vega]] – ''Parte XXIV de comedias''
* ''Entremeses nuevos''
*[[Fray Alonso Remón]] – ''Las tres mujeres en una''
*[[Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla]]
**''Donde hay agravios no hay celos''
**''No hay amigo para amigo''
**''Progne y Filomena''
==Poetry==
*[[Thomas Carew]] – ''Poems''
*[[Robert Sempill the younger]] – ''The Life and Death of Habbie Simpson, Piper of Kilbarchan''
*[[John Tatham]] – ''Fancy's Theatre''
*''Romances varios de diversos autores''
==Births==
*[[April 2]] – [[Marianna Alcoforado]], Portuguese nun and purported letter-writer (died [[1723 in literature|1723]])
*[[June 5]] – [[Pu Songling]] (蒲松龄), Chinese writer (died [[1715 in literature|1715]])
*[[August 8]] – [[Amalia Catharina]], German poet (died [[1697 in literature|1697]])
*[[September 6]] – [[Heinrich Brewer]], German historian (died c. 1713)
*[[December 6]] – [[Claude Fleury]], French historian (died [[1723 in literature|1723]])
*[[December 14]] (baptized) – [[Aphra Behn]] (Eaffrey Johnson), English dramatist (died [[1689 in literature|1689]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - History - Aphra Behn |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/behn_aphra.shtml |website=www.bbc.co.uk |accessdate=26 March 2019}}</ref>
''Uncertain dates''
*[[David-Augustin de Brueys]], French theologian and dramatist (died [[1723 in literature|1723]])
*[[Marie-Catherine de Villedieu|Madame de Villedieu]], French dramatist and novelist (died [[1683 in literature|1683]])
==Deaths==
*[[January 25]] – [[Robert Burton (scholar)|Robert Burton]], English scholar (born [[1577 in literature|1577]])
*February/March – [[Richard Rowlands]], English antiquary (born c. 1550)
*[[March 8]] (burial) – [[Samuel Ward (minister)|Samuel Ward]], English Puritan preacher and writer (born [[1577 in literature|1577]])
*[[March 17]] – [[Philip Massinger]], English dramatist (born [[1583 in literature|1583]])
*[[March 22]] – [[Thomas Carew]], English poet (born [[1595 in literature|1595]])
*April – [[Uriel da Costa]], Portuguese philosopher (born c. 1585)
*[[April 2]] – [[Paul Fleming (poet)|Paul Fleming]], German poet (born [[1609 in literature|1609]])
*[[April 28]] (burial) – [[William Alabaster]], English poet and playwright (born [[1567 in literature|1567]])
*[[May 30]] – [[André Duchesne]], French historian (born [[1584 in literature|1584]])
*[[October 1]] – [[Claudio Achillini]], Italian philosopher and poet (born [[1574 in literature|1574]])
*December
**[[William Aspley]], English publisher (born c. 1573)
**Sir [[John Melton]], English politician and writer (unknown year of birth)
*''unknown dates''
**[[Charles Aleyn]], English poet (unknown year of birth)
**[[Daniel Naborowski]], Polish Baroque poet (born [[1573 in literature|1573]])
*''probable'' – [[Elizabeth Melville]], Scottish poet (born c. 1578)<ref>{{cite book|author1=Elizabeth L. Ewan|author2=Sue Innes|author3=Sian Reynolds|author4=Rose Pipes|title=Biographical Dictionary of ScottishWomen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zs6qBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA262|date=27 June 2007|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|isbn=978-0-7486-2660-1|pages=262}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Year in literature article categories}}
| 1,272,629,829 |
[]
| false |
# 1914–15 Southern New England Soccer League season
Statistics of Southern New England Soccer League in season 1914-15.
## League standings
```
GP W L T GF GA PTS
New Bedford F.C.
16 10 1 5 42 9 25
YMCTAS 14 9 3 2 33 16 20
J&P Coats
14 7 2 5 29 16 19
Pawtucket 16 2 11 3 26 53 7
Taunton City 16 2 13 1 12 48 5
```
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|
en
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{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = Southern New England Soccer League
| season = 1914–15
| winners = [[New Bedford F.C.]]<br>1st title
| matches = 38
| total goals = 142
| nextseason = [[1915–16 Southern New England Soccer League season|1915–16]]
}}
Statistics of [[Southern New England Soccer League]] in season 1914-15.
==League standings==
GP W L T GF GA PTS
[[New Bedford F.C.]] 16 10 1 5 42 9 25
YMCTAS 14 9 3 2 33 16 20
[[J&P Coats]] 14 7 2 5 29 16 19
Pawtucket 16 2 11 3 26 53 7
Taunton City 16 2 13 1 12 48 5
==References==
*[https://www.rsssf.org/usadave/snesl.html Southern New England Soccer League (RSSSF)]
{{Southern New England Soccer League seasons}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Southern New England Soccer League Season 1914-15}}
[[Category:Southern New England Soccer League seasons|1914-15]]
[[Category:1914–15 domestic association football leagues]]
[[Category:1914–15 in American soccer]]
{{NorthAm-footy-competition-stub}}
| 1,172,130,392 |
[{"title": "Southern New England Soccer League", "data": {"Season": "1914\u201315", "Champions": "New Bedford F.C. \u00b7 1st title", "Matches played": "38", "Goals scored": "142 (3.74 per match)"}}]
| false |
# 1778 in Sweden
Events from the year 1778 in Sweden
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Gustav III
- King's Consort - Sofia Magdalena
## Events
- April - The king introduces the costume reform Nationella dräkten to give the population a standard costume to wear and thereby avoid the great waste of clothing. In reality, however, the costume comes to be worn only as a court costume.
- 20 October - First issue of Stockholms-Posten
- Capital punishment in Sweden is abolished for infanticide, rape, adultery, bigamy, witchcraft and repeated theft.
- Infanticide Act (Barnamordsplakatet) secures the right to anonymity for, and bans persecution of, unwed mothers to protect them from the social stigma which could cause infanticide.
- The pregnancy of Queen Sophia Magdalena is announced after twelve years of childless marriage for the royal couple. The Queen Dowager is involved in supporting rumors that Adolf Fredrik Munck is the real father, resulting in a court scandal. The Munck affair ends with the Queen Dowager forced to officially retract her support for such rumors.[1]
## Births
- 30 April - Arvid David Hummel, entomologist (died 1836)
- 1 November - King Gustav IV Adolf[2]
- Wilhelmina Krafft, painter (died 1828)
- Carolina Kuhlman, actress (died 1866)
- Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull, salonist (died 1852)
## Deaths
- 10 January – Carl Linnaeus, botanist, zoologist and physician (born 1707)[3]
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{yearbox|
in?= in Sweden|
}}
[[File:Gustaf IIIs nationella dräkt. Allmänna drägten. Dam i svenska dräkten - Nordiska Museet - NMA.0054239.jpg|thumb|The original feminine version of the [[Nationella dräkten]], from 1780. Engraving by Johan Snack]]
Events from the year '''1778 in [[Sweden]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Swedish monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Gustav III of Sweden|Gustav III]]
* King's Consort - Sofia Magdalena
==Events==
* April - The king introduces the costume reform ''[[Nationella dräkten]]'' to give the population a standard costume to wear and thereby avoid the great waste of clothing. In reality, however, the costume comes to be worn only as a court costume.
* 20 October - First issue of ''[[Stockholms-Posten]]''
* [[Capital punishment in Sweden]] is abolished for infanticide, rape, adultery, bigamy, witchcraft and repeated theft.
* Infanticide Act (''[[Infanticide Act (Sweden)|Barnamordsplakatet]]'') secures the right to anonymity for, and bans persecution of, unwed mothers to protect them from the social stigma which could cause infanticide.
* The pregnancy of [[Sophia Magdalena of Denmark|Queen Sophia Magdalena]] is announced after twelve years of childless marriage for the royal couple. The Queen Dowager is involved in supporting rumors that [[Adolf Fredrik Munck]] is the real father, resulting in a court scandal. The ''Munck affair'' ends with the Queen Dowager forced to officially retract her support for such rumors.<ref>Mattson, Annie (2010). Komediant och riksförrädare. Handskriftcirkulerande smädeskrifter mot Gustav III [Comedian and traitor. Handwritten libels against Gustav III] (in Swedish). Edita Västra Aros. {{ISBN|978-91-554-7780-6}}.</ref>
==Births==
* 30 April - [[Arvid David Hummel]], entomologist (died [[1836 in Sweden|1836]])
* 1 November - [[Gustav IV Adolf|King Gustav IV Adolf]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Polsson |first=Ken |title=Chronology of Sweden (1750-1799) |url=https://kpolsson.com/sweden/swed1750.htm |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240501034134/http://kpolsson.com/sweden/swed1750.htm |archive-date=2024-05-01 |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=kpolsson.com}}</ref>
* [[Wilhelmina Krafft]], painter (died [[1828 in Sweden|1828]])
* [[Carolina Kuhlman]], actress (died [[1866 in Sweden|1866]])
* [[Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull]], salonist (died [[1852 in Sweden|1852]])
==Deaths==
{{Expand section|date=June 2015}}
* 10 January – [[Carl Linnaeus]], botanist, zoologist and physician (born [[1707 in Sweden|1707]])<ref>{{Cite web |last=Polsson |first=Ken |title=Chronology of Sweden (1750-1799) |url=https://kpolsson.com/sweden/swed1750.htm |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240501034134/http://kpolsson.com/sweden/swed1750.htm |archive-date=2024-05-01 |access-date=2025-02-10 |website=kpolsson.com}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Year in Europe|1778}}
{{Years in Sweden}}
[[Category:1778 in Sweden| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in Sweden]]
[[Category:1778 by country|Sweden]]
{{Sweden-year-stub}}
| 1,279,556,988 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"Years in Sweden": "1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781", "Centuries": "17th century \u00b7 18th century \u00b7 19th century", "Decades": "1740s 1750s 1760s 1770s 1780s 1790s 1800s", "Years": "1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781"}}]
| false |
# 1799 in France
This article lists events from the year 1799 in France
## Incumbents
- Until 10 November – the French Directory – five Directors[1]
- From 10 November – the French Consulate – three consuls[2]
## Events
- The French Revolutionary Wars resumed, with a number of campaigns
- 9 November – Coup of 18 Brumaire
- 10 November – disbanding of the French Directory, and establishment of the French Consulate
## Births
- 20 May – Honoré de Balzac, novelist and playwright (died 1850)
- 8 July – Oscar I of Sweden, king of Sweden and Norway (died 1859)[3]
- 9 July – Théophile Tilmant, violinist (died 1878)
## Deaths
- 19 February – Jean-Charles de Borda, mathematician (born 1733)
- 5 April – Honoré Fragonard, anatomist (born 1732)
- 28 April – François Giroust, composer (born 1737)
- 9 May – Claude Balbastre, composer (born 1724)
- 18 May – Pierre Beaumarchais, playwright, watchmaker, satirist and revolutionary (born 1732)
- 31 May – Pierre Charles Le Monnier, astronomer (born 1715)
- 27 June 27 – Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre, harpsichordist and composer (b. 1665)[4]
- 7 September – Louis-Guillaume Le Monnier, scientist (born 1717)
- 17 October – Louis Claude Cadet de Gassicourt, chemist (born 1731)
- 9 December – Guillaume Voiriot, portrait painter (born 1712)
- 18 December – Jean-Étienne Montucla, mathematician (born 1725)
- 31 December – Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton, naturalist (born 1716)
- 31 December – Jean-François Marmontel, historian (born 1723)
## Links
Media related to 1799 in France at Wikimedia Commons
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in France header}}
[[File:Bouchot - Le general Bonaparte au Conseil des Cinq-Cents.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Napoleon Bonaparte]] seizes power during the [[Coup of 18 Brumaire]].]]
This article lists events from the [[year]] '''[[1799]] in [[France]]'''
==Incumbents==
* Until [[10 November]] – the [[French Directory]] – five Directors<ref>{{cite web |title=Coup of 18–19 Brumaire {{!}} French history [1799] {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Coup-of-18-19-Brumaire |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=25 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* From [[10 November]] – the [[French Consulate]] – three consuls<ref>{{cite web |title=Consulate {{!}} French history {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Consulate-French-history |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=25 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
==Events==
* The [[French Revolutionary Wars]] resumed, with a number of [[Campaigns of 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars|campaigns]]
* 9 November – [[Coup of 18 Brumaire]]
* 10 November – disbanding of the [[French Directory]], and establishment of the [[French Consulate]]
==Births==
[[File: Oscar I of Sweden & Norway as child c 1806 by Jean-Baptiste Isabey .jpg|thumb |right |100 px| [[Oscar I of Sweden]] was born in Paris.]]
* 20 May – [[Honoré de Balzac]], novelist and playwright (died 1850)
* 8 July – [[Oscar I of Sweden]], king of Sweden and Norway (died [[1859 in Sweden|1859]])<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Oskar I |pages=647–649 |first=G |last=Carlquist |encyclopedia=[[Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon]] |volume=18 |year=1924 |edition=2 |editor=Blangstrup, Chr. |editor-link=Christian Blangstrup |publisher=J.H. Schultz Forlagsboghandel |location=Copenhagen |language=da |url=https://runeberg.org/salmonsen/2/18/0691.html |access-date=19 November 2014 }}</ref>
* 9 July – [[Théophile Tilmant]], violinist (died 1878)
==Deaths==
[[File: Guillaume Voiriot.jpg|thumb |right |100 px|Self portrait, [[Guillaume Voiriot]].]]
* 19 February – [[Jean-Charles de Borda]], mathematician (born 1733)
* 5 April – [[Honoré Fragonard]], anatomist (born 1732)
* 28 April – [[François Giroust]], composer (born 1737)
* 9 May – [[Claude Balbastre]], composer (born 1724)
* 18 May – [[Pierre Beaumarchais]], playwright, watchmaker, satirist and revolutionary (born 1732)
* 31 May – [[Pierre Charles Le Monnier]], astronomer (born 1715)
* 27 June 27 – [[Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre]], harpsichordist and composer (b. [[1665 in France|1665]])<ref>{{cite book|first=Cecelia|last=Hopkins Porter|title=Five Lives in Music: Women Performers, Composers, and Impresarios from the Baroque to the Present|location=Urbana|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-25208-009-8|page=53}}</ref>
* 7 September – [[Louis-Guillaume Le Monnier]], scientist (born 1717)
* 17 October – [[Louis Claude Cadet de Gassicourt]], chemist (born 1731)
* 9 December – [[Guillaume Voiriot]], portrait painter (born 1712)
* 18 December – [[Jean-Étienne Montucla]], mathematician (born 1725)
* 31 December – [[Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton]], naturalist (born 1716)
* 31 December – [[Jean-François Marmontel]], historian (born 1723)
==See also==
{{Portal bar|France|History|Lists}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{France year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1799}}
[[Category:1790s in France]]
| 1,245,312,983 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1798 - 1797 - 1796 - 1795 - 1794": "1799 \u00b7 in \u00b7 France \u00b7 \u2192 - 1800 - 1801 - 1802 - 1803 - 1804", "Decades": "1770s 1780s 1790s 1800s 1810s", "See also": "Other events of 1799 \u00b7 History of France \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false |
# 1925 All-Pacific Coast football team
The 1925 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1925 college football season.
## All-Pacific Coast selections
### Quarterback
- Bill Kelly, Montana (UP-1; AS-1; GW-1; NB-1) (College Football Hall of Fame)
- George Guttormsen, Washington (UP-2)
### Halfbacks
- Morley Drury, USC (UP-1; AS-1; GW-1)
- Wildcat Wilson, Washington (UP-1; AS-1; GW-1) (College Football Hall of Fame)
- Tut Imlay, California (UP-2)
- Wes Schulmerich, Oregon Aggies (UP-2)
### Fullback
- Ernie Nevers, Stanford (UP-1; AS-1; GW-1; NB-1) (College and Pro Football Halls of Fame)
- Elmer Tesreau, Washington (UP-2)
### Ends
- Ted Shipkey, Stanford (UP-1; AS-1; GW-1; NB-1)
- Hobbs Adams, USC (UP-1; NB-1)
- Judson Cutting, Washington (AS-1)
- Robert Mautz, Oregon (GW-1)
- Edgar Walker, Stanford (UP-2)
- Clifford Marker, Washington State (UP-2)
### Tackles
- Walden Erickson, Washington (UP-1; AS-1; GW-1; NB-1)
- Lewis "Hip" Dickerson, Oregon Aggies (AS-1; GW-1)
- Jim Dixon, Oregon Aggies (UP-1)
- John Sargent, California (UP-2)
- Ted Bucklin, Idaho (UP-2)
### Guards
- Dana Carey, California (UP-1; AS-1; GW-1)
- Fred H. Swan, Stanford (UP-2; AS-1; GW-1)
- Brice Taylor, USC (UP-1; NB-1)
- Gene Shields, Oregon (UP-2)
- Egbert Brix, Washington (UP-2)
### Centers
- Jeff Cravath, USC (UP-1; GW-1)
- Larry Bettencourt, St. Mary's (NB-1) (College Football Hall of Fame)
- Otis Miller, California (AS-1)
- Douglas Bonamy, Washington (UP-2)
## Key
UP = United Press, based on polling of "eleven leading football writers on the coast"
AS = Andy Smith, head coach at California
GW = Glenn Scobey Warner, head coach at Stanford
NB = Norman E. Brown
Bold = Consensus first-team selection
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{{short description|American all-star college football team}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
The '''1925 All-Pacific Coast Conference football team''' consists of [[American football]] players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the [[1925 college football season]].
==All-Pacific Coast selections==
===Quarterback===
* '''[[Bill Kelly (quarterback)|Bill Kelly]]''', [[1925 Montana Grizzlies football team|Montana]] (UP-1; AS-1; GW-1; NB-1) (College Football Hall of Fame)
* [[George Guttormsen]], Washington (UP-2)
===Halfbacks===
* '''[[Morley Drury]]''', USC (UP-1; AS-1; GW-1)
* '''[[Wildcat Wilson]]''', Washington (UP-1; AS-1; GW-1) (College Football Hall of Fame)
* [[Tut Imlay]], California (UP-2)
* [[Wes Schulmerich]], Oregon Aggies (UP-2)
===Fullback===
* '''[[Ernie Nevers]]''', Stanford (UP-1; AS-1; GW-1; NB-1) (College and Pro Football Halls of Fame)
* [[Elmer Tesreau]], Washington (UP-2)
===Ends===
* '''[[Ted Shipkey]]''', Stanford (UP-1; AS-1; GW-1; NB-1)
* [[Hobbs Adams]], USC (UP-1; NB-1)
* Judson Cutting, Washington (AS-1)
* Robert Mautz, Oregon (GW-1)
* Edgar Walker, Stanford (UP-2)
* Clifford Marker, Washington State (UP-2)
===Tackles===
* '''[[Walden Erickson]]''', Washington (UP-1; AS-1; GW-1; NB-1)
* Lewis "Hip" Dickerson, Oregon Aggies (AS-1; GW-1)
*[[Jim Dixon (American football)|Jim Dixon]], Oregon Aggies (UP-1)
* John Sargent, California (UP-2)
* Ted Bucklin, Idaho (UP-2)
===Guards===
* '''[[Dana Carey]]''', California (UP-1; AS-1; GW-1)
* [[Fred H. Swan]], Stanford (UP-2; AS-1; GW-1)
* [[Brice Taylor]], USC (UP-1; NB-1)
* Gene Shields, Oregon (UP-2)
* Egbert Brix, Washington (UP-2)
===Centers===
* [[Jeff Cravath]], USC (UP-1; GW-1)
* [[Larry Bettencourt]], St. Mary's (NB-1) (College Football Hall of Fame)
* Otis Miller, California (AS-1)
* Douglas Bonamy, Washington (UP-2)
==Key==
UP = [[United Press]], based on polling of "eleven leading football writers on the coast"<ref>{{cite news|title=Real Stars In Mythical Team of the Coast|newspaper=San Mateo Times|date=November 28, 1925|page=5|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2594116/1925_up_pacific_coast_team/}}</ref>
AS = [[Andy Smith (American football)|Andy Smith]], head coach at California<ref>{{cite news|title="All-Pacific Conference" Team Named by Smith|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|author=Andrew L. Smith|date=November 27, 1925|page=1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2594062/1925_as_all_pacific_conference_team/}}</ref>
GW = [[Glenn Scobey Warner]], head coach at Stanford<ref>{{cite news|title=Glenn Warner Picks All-Pacific Team|author=Glenn Warner|newspaper=The Davenport Democrat and Leader|date=December 3, 1925|page=9|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/65064466/}}</ref>
NB = [[Norman E. Brown]]<ref>{{cite news|title=First of Norman Brown's Mythical 'All' Teams|newspaper=The Journal News (Hamilton, Ohio)|date=November 28, 1925|page=27}}</ref>
'''Bold''' = Consensus first-team selection
==See also==
*[[1925 College Football All-America Team]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{All-Pacific-12 football teams}}
[[Category:1925 Pacific Coast Conference football season|All-Pacific Coast Football Team]]
[[Category:All-Pacific Coast football teams]]
[[Category:All-Pac-12 Conference football teams]]
| 1,266,200,750 |
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# 1440s in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
## Events
- 1442 – Enea Piccolomini, the future Pope Pius II, arrives at the court of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, in Vienna, who names him imperial poet.
- 1445 – Printing press developed in Europe
## Works published
1445:
- Cancionero de Baena, the first collection of Castilian lyrics, Spain[1]
1449:
- Amoryus and Cleopes, poem by John Metham, English adaptation of the Pyramus and Thisbe narrative from Ovid‘s Metamorphoses
## Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
1440:
- Lorenzo de' Medici, born January 1 (died 1492), Italian banker, politician, patron of the arts and poet who wrote in his native Tuscan language
- Martial d'Auvergne (died 1500), French
- Hans Folz born sometime from 1435 to this year (died 1513), German
- Blind Harry, also known as "Henry the Minstrel", born about this year (died 1492), Scottish makar (poet)
- Kabir (died 1518), mystic poet and saint of India
- Lorenzo Lippi (of Cole) (died 1485), Italian, Latin-language poet[2]
- Jorge Manrique (died 1479), Spanish poet
- Paolo Marsi (died 1484), Italian, Latin-language poet[2]
- Molla, also known as "Mollamamba", both popular names of Atukuri Molla (died 1530), Indian poet who wrote Telugu Ramayan; a woman
- Ludovico Pontico born about this year (died 1520), Italian, Latin-language poet[2]
- Giorgio Sisgoreo born about this year (died c. 1510), Italian, Latin-language poet[2]
- Francesco Uberti (humanist) (died 1518), Italian, Latin-language poet[2]
1441:
- Mir Ali Shir Nava'i (died 1501), Persian or Turkish[3] poet and scholar
1442:
- Amerigo Corsini (died 1501), Italian, Latin-language poet[2]
- Pietro Antonio Piatti born about this year (died after 1508), Italian, Latin-language poet[2]
1443:
- Matteo Canale (died 1503), Italian, Latin-language poet[2]
1444:
- Pandolfo Collenuccio (died 1504), Italian, Latin-language poet[2]
1445:
- Cantalicio (died 1515), Italian, Latin-language poet[2]
- Bartolomeo Fonzio born about this year (died 1513), Italian, Latin-language poet[2]
1446:
- Domizio Calderini (died 1478), Italian, Latin-language poet[2]
- Ippolita Maria Sforza (died 1484), Italian noblewoman and writer
- Robert Wydow (died 1505), English poet, church musician, and religious figure
1447:
- Baptista Mantuanus, also known as "Battista Mantovano" and "Johannes Baptista Spagnolo" (died 1516), Italian Carmelite reformer, humanist and Latin-language poet
1448:
- Johannes von Soest (died 1506), German composer, theorist and poet
1449:
- Quinto Emiliano Cimbriaco born about this year (died 1499), Italian, Latin-language poet[2]
- Antonio Geraldini born about this year (died 1489), Italian, Latin-language poet[2]
- Aldo Manuzio (died 1515), Italian, Latin-language poet[2]
## Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
1440:
- Cuacuauhtzin (born 1410), Aztec lord and poet in the Pre-Columbian nahua world
- Nund Reshi (born 1377), Indian, Kashmiri-language poet
1442:
- Nguyễn Trãi (born 1388), Vietnamese Confucian scholar, poet, politician and tactician
1443:
- Tomas af Strangnas, Swedish[1]
1444:
- Andreu Febrer died about this year (born c. 1375), Catalan Spanish translator of the Divine Comedy[4]
1448:
- Vidyapati, also known as Vidyapati Thakur and called Maithil Kavi Kokil "the poet cuckoo of Maithili", died about this year (born c. 1352), Indian, Maithili-language poet and Sanskrit writer
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1445|poetry|literature}}
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, [[Irish poetry|Irish]] or [[French poetry|France]]).
==Events==
* 1442 – Enea Piccolomini, the future [[Pope Pius II]], arrives at the court of [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor]], in [[Vienna]], who names him imperial poet.
* 1445 – [[Printing press]] developed in Europe
==Works published==
'''1445:'''
* ''Cancionero de Baena'', the first collection of Castilian lyrics, [[Spanish poetry|Spain]]<ref name=npepap>Preminger, Alex and T. V. F. Brogan, et al., ''The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics'', 1993. New York: MJF Books/Fine Communications</ref>
'''1449:'''
* ''[[Amoryus and Cleopes]]'', poem by John Metham, English adaptation of the Pyramus and Thisbe narrative from Ovid‘s Metamorphoses
==Births==
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
'''1440:'''
* [[Lorenzo de' Medici]], born January 1 (died [[1492 in poetry|1492]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]] banker, politician, patron of the arts and poet who wrote in his native [[Tuscan language]]
* [[Martial d'Auvergne]] (died [[1500 in poetry|1500]]), [[French poetry|French]]
* [[Hans Folz]] born sometime from [[1435 in poetry|1435]] to this year (died [[1513 in poetry|1513]]), [[German poetry|German]]
* [[Blind Harry]], also known as "Henry the Minstrel", born about this year (died [[1492 in poetry|1492]]), [[Scottish poetry|Scottish]] [[makar]] (poet)
* [[Kabir]] (died [[1518 in poetry|1518]]), mystic poet and saint of India
* [[Lorenzo Lippi (of Cole)]] (died [[1485 in poetry|1485]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]], [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet<ref name=tmr>Web page titled [http://www.mqdq.it/mqdq/poetiditalia/indice.jsp?ordine=crono "Tra Medioevo en rinascimento"] at Poeti di Italia in Lingua Latina website (in Italian), retrieved May 14, 2009. [https://archive.today/20240524093522/https://www.webcitation.org/5h5lnIRZh?url=http://www.mqdq.it/mqdq/poetiditalia/indice.jsp%3Fordine=crono Archived] 2009-05-27.</ref>
* [[Jorge Manrique]] (died [[1479 in poetry|1479]]), Spanish poet
* [[Paolo Marsi]] (died [[1484 in poetry|1484]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]], [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet<ref name=tmr/>
* [[Molla (poet)|Molla]], also known as "Mollamamba", both popular names of Atukuri Molla (died [[1530 in poetry|1530]]), [[Indian poetry|Indian]] poet who wrote Telugu [[Ramayan]]; a woman
* [[Ludovico Pontico]] born about this year (died [[1520 in poetry|1520]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]], [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet<ref name=tmr/>
* [[Giorgio Sisgoreo]] born about this year (died c. [[1510 in poetry|1510]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]], [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet<ref name=tmr/>
* [[Francesco Uberti (humanist)]] (died [[1518 in poetry|1518]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]], [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet<ref name=tmr/>
'''1441:'''
* [[Mir Ali Shir Nava'i]] (died [[1501 in poetry|1501]]), [[Persian poetry|Persian]] or [[Turkish poetry|Turkish]]<ref name=gtktwl>Kurian, George Thomas, ''Timetables of World Literature'', New York: Facts on File Inc., 2003, {{ISBN|0-8160-4197-0}}</ref> poet and scholar
'''1442:'''
* [[Amerigo Corsini]] (died [[1501 in poetry|1501]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]], [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet<ref name="tmr"/>
* [[Pietro Antonio Piatti]] born about this year (died after [[1508 in poetry|1508]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]], [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet<ref name=tmr/>
'''1443:'''
* [[Matteo Canale]] (died [[1503 in poetry|1503]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]], [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet<ref name="tmr"/>
'''1444:'''
* [[Pandolfo Collenuccio]] (died [[1504 in poetry|1504]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]], [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet<ref name="tmr"/>
'''1445:'''
* [[Cantalicio]] (died [[1515 in poetry|1515]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]], [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet<ref name="tmr"/>
* [[Bartolomeo Fonzio]] born about this year (died [[1513 in poetry|1513]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]], [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet<ref name=tmr/>
'''1446:'''
* [[Domizio Calderini]] (died [[1478 in poetry|1478]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]], [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet<ref name="tmr"/>
* [[Ippolita Maria Sforza]] (died [[1484 in poetry|1484]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]] noblewoman and writer
* [[Robert Wydow]] (died [[1505 in poetry|1505]]), [[English poetry|English]] poet, church musician, and religious figure
'''1447:'''
* [[Baptista Mantuanus]], also known as "Battista Mantovano" and "Johannes Baptista Spagnolo" (died [[1516 in poetry|1516]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]] Carmelite reformer, humanist and [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet
'''1448:'''
* [[Johannes von Soest]] (died [[1506 in poetry|1506]]), German composer, theorist and poet
'''1449:'''
* [[Quinto Emiliano Cimbriaco]] born about this year (died [[1499 in poetry|1499]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]], [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet<ref name="tmr"/>
* [[Antonio Geraldini]] born about this year (died [[1489 in poetry|1489]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]], [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet<ref name=tmr/>
* [[Aldo Manuzio]] (died [[1515 in poetry|1515]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]], [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet<ref name=tmr/>
==Deaths==
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
'''1440:'''
* [[Cuacuauhtzin]] (born [[1410 in poetry|1410]]), Aztec lord and poet in the [[Pre-Columbian]] [[Nahua peoples|nahua]] world
* [[Nund Reshi]] (born [[1377 in poetry|1377]]), [[Indian poetry|Indian]], [[Kashmiri poetry|Kashmiri]]-language poet
'''1442:'''
* [[Nguyễn Trãi]] (born [[1388 in poetry|1388]]), [[Vietnam]]ese [[Confucianism|Confucian]] [[scholarly method|scholar]], [[poet]], [[politician]] and tactician
'''1443:'''
* [[Tomas af Strangnas]], [[Swedish poetry|Swedish]]<ref name="npepap"/>
'''1444:'''
* [[Andreu Febrer]] died about this year (born c. [[1375 in poetry|1375]]), Catalan [[Spanish poetry|Spanish]] translator of the ''Divine Comedy''<ref>Terry, Arthur, [https://books.google.com/books?id=IycZcvWxt9MC&pg=PA33 ''Companion to Catalan Literature''], p 33, Boydell & Brewer, 2003, {{ISBN|0-85566-089-9}}, {{ISBN|978-0-85566-089-5}}, retrieved via Google Books on May 26, 2009</ref>
'''1448:'''
* [[Vidyapati]], also known as Vidyapati Thakur and called ''Maithil Kavi Kokil'' "the poet cuckoo of Maithili", died about this year (born c. [[1352 in poetry|1352]]), [[Indian poetry|Indian]], [[Maithili poetry|Maithili]]-language poet and Sanskrit writer
==See also==
{{portal|Poetry}}
* [[Poetry]]
* [[15th century in poetry]]
* [[15th century in literature]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Poetry of different cultures and languages}}
{{Lists of poets}}
[[Category:15th-century poetry]]
[[Category:1440s|Poetry]]
| 1,231,336,177 |
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# 161st Ohio Infantry Regiment
The 161st Ohio Infantry Regiment, sometimes 161st Ohio Volunteer Infantry (or 161st OVI) was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
## Service
The 161st Ohio Infantry was organized at Camp Chase in Columbus, Ohio, and mustered in May 9, 1864, for 100 days service under the command of Colonel Oliver P. Taylor.
The regiment left Ohio for Cumberland, Maryland, May 9, and served duty there until May 28. Attached to Reserve Division, Department of West Virginia. Moved to Martinsburg, West Virginia, May 28, and assigned to 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Department of West Virginia. Five companies were detached June 4 and assigned to duty in charge of supply trains for Hunter's Army. Hunter's Raid on Lynchburg June 6–25. Retreat to Martinsburg June 19–25. Moved to Beverly June 28, then to Webster June 30, and to Martinsburg July 2. Operations about Harpers Ferry July 4–7. Defense of Maryland Heights July 6–7. Duty in the defenses of Maryland Heights until August 25.
The 161st Ohio Infantry mustered out of service September 2, 1864.
## Ohio National Guard
Over 35,000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for 100 days service in May 1864. Shipped to the Eastern Theater, they were designed to be placed in "safe" rear areas to protect railroads and supply points, thereby freeing regular troops for Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. As events transpired, many units found themselves in combat, stationed in the path of Confederate Gen. Jubal Early’s veteran Army of the Valley during its famed Valley Campaigns of 1864. Ohio Guard units met the battle-tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving Washington, D.C. from capture. Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of Monacacy, Fort Stevens, Harpers Ferry, and in the siege of Petersburg.
## Casualties
The regiment lost 14 men during service; 1 enlisted man killed, 1 officer and 12 enlisted men due to disease.
## Commanders
- Colonel Oliver P. Taylor
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{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 161st Ohio Infantry Regiment
|image=
|dates= May 9, 1864, to September 2, 1864
|country= [[United States]]
|allegiance= [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
|branch= [[Infantry]]
|equipment=
<!-- Culture and history -->
|battles=
}}{{Military unit sidebar
|title=Ohio U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865
|previous=[[160th Ohio Infantry Regiment]]
|next=N/A
}}
The '''161st Ohio Infantry Regiment''', sometimes '''161st Ohio Volunteer Infantry''' (or '''161st OVI''') was an [[infantry]] [[regiment]] in the [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War]].
==Service==
The 161st Ohio Infantry was organized at [[Camp Chase]] in [[Columbus, Ohio]], and mustered in May 9, 1864, for 100 days service under the command of [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] Oliver P. Taylor.
The regiment left [[Ohio]] for [[Cumberland, Maryland]], May 9, and served duty there until May 28. Attached to Reserve Division, Department of West Virginia. Moved to [[Martinsburg, West Virginia]], May 28, and assigned to 1st Brigade, 1st Division, Department of West Virginia. Five companies were detached June 4 and assigned to duty in charge of supply trains for Hunter's Army. Hunter's Raid on Lynchburg June 6–25. Retreat to Martinsburg June 19–25. Moved to Beverly June 28, then to Webster June 30, and to Martinsburg July 2. Operations about Harpers Ferry July 4–7. Defense of Maryland Heights July 6–7. Duty in the defenses of Maryland Heights until August 25.
The 161st Ohio Infantry mustered out of service September 2, 1864.
==Ohio National Guard==
Over 35,000 Ohio National Guardsmen were federalized and organized into regiments for [[Hundred Days Men|100 days service]] in May 1864. Shipped to the Eastern Theater, they were designed to be placed in "safe" rear areas to protect railroads and supply points, thereby freeing regular troops for Lt. Gen. [[Ulysses S. Grant]]’s push on the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] capital of [[Richmond, Virginia]]. As events transpired, many units found themselves in combat, stationed in the path of Confederate Gen. [[Jubal Early]]’s veteran [[Army of the Valley]] during its famed [[Valley Campaigns of 1864]]. Ohio Guard units met the battle-tested foe head on and helped blunt the Confederate offensive thereby saving [[Washington, D.C.]] from capture. Ohio National Guard units participated in the battles of [[Battle of Monocacy|Monacacy]], [[Battle of Fort Stevens|Fort Stevens]], [[Battle of Harpers Ferry|Harpers Ferry]], and in the [[siege of Petersburg]].
==Casualties==
The regiment lost 14 men during service; 1 enlisted man killed, 1 officer and 12 enlisted men due to disease.
==Commanders==
* Colonel Oliver P. Taylor
==See also==
{{portal|American Civil War|Ohio}}
* [[List of Ohio Civil War units]]
* [[Ohio in the Civil War]]
==References==
* Dyer, Frederick H. ''A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion'' (Des Moines, IA: Dyer Pub. Co.), 1908.
* Ohio Roster Commission. ''Official Roster of the Soldiers of the State of Ohio in the War on the Rebellion, 1861–1865, Compiled Under the Direction of the Roster Commission'' (Akron, OH: Werner Co.), 1886–1895.
* Reid, Whitelaw. ''Ohio in the War: Her Statesmen, Her Generals, and Soldiers'' (Cincinnati, OH: Moore, Wilstach, & Baldwin), 1868. {{ISBN|9781154801965}}
;Attribution
* {{CWR}}
==External links==
* [http://www.ohiocivilwar.com/cw161.html Ohio in the Civil War: 161st Ohio Volunteer Infantry by Larry Stevens]
{{Ohio in the Civil War}}
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1864]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1864]]
[[Category:1864 disestablishments in Ohio]]
[[Category:Units and formations of the Union army from Ohio]]
[[Category:1864 establishments in Ohio]]
| 1,272,103,048 |
[{"title": "161st Ohio Infantry Regiment", "data": {"Active": "May 9, 1864, to September 2, 1864", "Country": "United States", "Allegiance": "Union", "Branch": "Infantry"}}, {"title": "", "data": {"Previous": "Next", "160th Ohio Infantry Regiment": "N/A"}}]
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# 1909 in Denmark
The following lists events that happened during 1909 in the Kingdom of Denmark.
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Frederick VIII[1]
- Prime minister – Niels Neergaard (until 16 August), Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg (until 28 October), Carl Theodor Zahle
## Events
- 20 April – Women are given the right to vote in municipal elections. General women's suffrage is not introduced in Denmark until 1915.[2]
## Sports
- 9 June – Skovshoved IF is founded.
### Cycling
- 14–23 August – The 1909 UCI Track Cycling World Championships are held in Copenhagen.
## Births
### January–March
- 3 January – Victor Borge, Danish-American comedian, conductor and pianist (d. 2000)
- 22 February – Vermund Larsen, businessman, company founder (died 1970)
### April–June
- 9 May – Hilde Levi, physicist (died 2003)
### July–September
- 5 July – Aagot Lading, educator (died 1963)
### October–December
- 20 August – Martin A. Hansen, writer (died 1955)
- 20 December – Vagn Holmboe, composer (died 1996)
## Deaths
### January–March
- 13 February
- Hugo Egmont Hørring, politician, prime minister of Denmark (born 1842)
- Hans Peter Jørgen Julius Thomsen, lawyer (born 1826)
### April–June
- 7 May – Joachim Andersen, flutist, conductor and composer (born 1847)
### July–September
- 9 July – Johannes Forchhammer, philologist (born 1827)
- 19 July – Leopold Rosenfeld, composer (born 1849)
- 27 August – Emil Christian Hansen, chemist (born 1842)
- 25 September – Thomas Skat Rørdam, theologian and bishop (born 1832)
### October–December
- 13 October – Janus la Cour, painter (born 1837)
- 21 November – Peder Severin Krøyer, Norwegian-born painter (b. 1851)
- 4 December – Princess Marie of Orléans, wife of Prince Valdemar (born 1865 in London)
- 29/30 December – Carl Emil Krarup, telegraph engineer, mainly known for the invention of the Krarup cable, a kind of loaded cable (born 1872)
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Year in Denmark|1909}}
The following lists events that happened during '''[[1909]] in the [[Denmark|Kingdom of Denmark]]'''.
==Incumbents==
* Monarch – [[Frederick VIII of Denmark|Frederick VIII]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Frederick VIII {{!}} king of Denmark |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-VIII |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=17 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* Prime minister – [[Niels Neergaard]] (until 16 August), [[Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg]] (until 28 October), [[Carl Theodor Zahle]]
==Events==
*20 April – Women are given the right to vote in municipal elections. General [[women's suffrage]] is not introduced in Denmark until 1915.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/876/|title=100 år med kvinders valgret|publisher=KVINFO|access-date=2009-11-08| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091025154211/http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/876/| archive-date= 25 October 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref>
==Sports==
* 9 June {{ndash}} [[Skovshoved IF]] is founded.
===Cycling===
* 14–23 August {{ndash}} The [[1909 UCI Track Cycling World Championships]] are held in Copenhagen.
==Births==
===January{{ndash}}March===
* 3 January – [[Victor Borge]], Danish-American comedian, conductor and pianist (d. [[2000 in the United States|2000]])
* 22 February {{ndash}} [[Vermund Larsen]], businessman, company founder (died [[1970 in Denmark|1970]])
===April{{ndash}}June===
* 9 May {{ndash}} [[Hilde Levi]], physicist (died [[2003 in Denmark|2003]])
=== July{{ndash}}September ===
* 5 July {{ndash}} [[Aagot Lading]], educator (died [[1963 in Denmark|1963]])
===October{{ndash}}December===
* 20 August – [[Martin A. Hansen]], writer (died [[1955 in Denmark|1955]])
* 20 December – [[Vagn Holmboe]], composer (died [[1996 in Denmark|1996]])
==Deaths==
===January{{ndash}}March===
* 13 February
** [[Hugo Egmont Hørring]], politician, prime minister of Denmark (born [[1842 in Denmark|1842]])
** [[Hans Peter Jørgen Julius Thomsen]], lawyer (born [[1826 in Denmark|1826]])
===April{{ndash}}June===
* 7 May – [[Joachim Andersen (composer)|Joachim Andersen]], flutist, conductor and composer (born [[1847 in Denmark|1847]])
===July{{ndash}}September===
* 9 July – [[Johannes Forchhammer]], philologist (born [[1827 in Denmark|1827]])
* 19 July – [[Leopold Rosenfeld]], composer (born [[1849 in Denmark|1849]])
* 27 August {{ndash}} [[Emil Christian Hansen]], chemist (born [[1842 in Denmark|1842]])
* 25 September – [[Thomas Skat Rørdam]], theologian and bishop (born [[1832 in Denmark|1832]])
===October{{ndash}}December===
* 13 October – [[Janus la Cour]], painter (born [[1837 in Denmark|1837]])
* 21 November – [[Peder Severin Krøyer]], Norwegian-born painter (b. [[1851 in Norway|1851]])
* 4 December – [[Princess Marie of Orléans (1865–1909)|Princess Marie of Orléans]], wife of [[Prince Valdemar of Denmark|Prince Valdemar]] (born 1865 in London)
* 29/30 December – [[Carl Emil Krarup]], telegraph engineer, mainly known for the invention of the Krarup cable, a kind of [[loading coil|loaded cable]] (born [[1872 in Denmark|1872]])
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Denmark year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1909}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1909 in Denmark}}
[[Category:1909 in Denmark| ]]
[[Category:1909 by country|Denmark]]
[[Category:Years of the 20th century in Denmark]]
[[Category:1900s in Denmark]]
[[Category:1909 in Europe|Denmark]]
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1908 - 1907 - 1906": "1909 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Denmark \u00b7 \u2192 - 1910 - 1911 - 1912", "Decades": "1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s", "See also": "Other events of 1909 \u00b7 List of years in Denmark"}}]
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# 161st New York State Legislature
The 161st New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 5 to March 19, 1938, during the sixth year of Herbert H. Lehman's governorship, in Albany.
## Background
Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1894, re-apportioned in 1917, 51 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts consisted either of one or more entire counties; or a contiguous area within a single county. The counties which were divided into more than one senatorial district were New York (nine districts), Kings (eight), Bronx (three), Erie (three), Monroe (two), Queens (two) and Westchester (two). The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county.
At this time there were two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The American Labor Party and the Socialist Party also nominated tickets. In New York City, a "Trades Union", an "Anti-Communist", and a "City Fusion" ticket were also nominated.
## Elections
The 1937 New York state election was held on November 2. The only statewide elective office up for election was a judgeship on the New York Court of Appeals. The Democratic incumbent, Gov. Herbert H. Lehman's brother Irving Lehman, was re-elected with Republican and American Labor endorsement.
At the same time, an amendment to the State Constitution to increase of the term in office of the members of the New York State Assembly to two years, and of the statewide elected state officers (Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Comptroller, Attorney General) to four years, was accepted. Also, delegates for a Constitutional Convention, to be held later that year after the legislative session, were elected.
Assemblywoman Jane H. Todd (Rep.), of Tarrytown, was re-elected.
## Sessions
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 5, 1938; and adjourned in the evening of March 19.
Oswald D. Heck (Rep.) was re-elected Speaker, with 83 votes against 55 for Irwin Steingut (Dem.) and 4 for Nathaniel M. Minkoff (Am. Labor).
The Constitutional Convention met at the State Capitol in Albany on April 5; and adjourned on August 26.
## State Senate
### Districts
- 1st District: Nassau and Suffolk counties
- 2nd and 3rd District: Parts of Queens County, i.e. the Borough of Queens
- 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th District: Parts of Kings County, i.e. the Borough of Brooklyn
- 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th District: Parts of New York County, i.e. the Borough of Manhattan
- 21st, 22nd and 23rd District: Parts of Bronx County, i.e. the Borough of the Bronx
- 24th District: Richmond County, i.e. the Borough of Richmond (now the Borough of Staten Island), and Rockland County
- 25th District: Part of Westchester County
- 26th District: Cortlandt, Greenburgh, Mount Pleasant, Ossining and part of Yonkers; in Westchester County
- 27th District: Orange and Sullivan counties
- 28th District: Columbia, Dutchess and Putnam counties
- 29th District: Delaware, Greene and Ulster counties
- 30th District: Albany County
- 31st District: Rensselaer County
- 32nd District: Saratoga and Schenectady counties
- 33rd District: Clinton, Essex, Warren and Washington counties
- 34th District: Franklin and St. Lawrence counties
- 35th District: Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer and Lewis counties
- 36th District: Oneida County
- 37th District: Jefferson and Oswego counties
- 38th District: Onondaga County
- 39th District: Madison, Montgomery, Otsego and Schoharie counties
- 40th District: Broome, Chenango and Cortland counties
- 41st District: Chemung, Schuyler, Tioga and Tompkins counties
- 42nd District: Cayuga, Seneca and Wayne counties
- 43rd District: Ontario, Steuben and Yates counties
- 44th District: Allegany, Genesee, Livingston and Wyoming
- 45th and 46th District: Monroe County
- 47th District: Niagara and Orleans counties
- 48th, 49th and 50th District: Erie County
- 51st District: Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties
### Members
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."
| District | Senator | Party | Notes |
| -------- | ---------------------- | ----------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 1st | George L. Thompson* | Republican | |
| 2nd | Joseph D. Nunan Jr.* | Democrat | also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention |
| 3rd | Peter T. Farrell* | Democrat | |
| 4th | Philip M. Kleinfeld* | Democrat | also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention |
| 5th | John J. Howard* | Democrat | |
| 6th | Edward J. Coughlin* | Democrat | |
| 7th | Jacob J. Schwartzwald* | Democrat | |
| 8th | Joseph A. Esquirol* | Democrat | |
| 9th | Jacob H. Livingston* | Democrat | also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention; on November 8, 1938, elected to the City Court (Brooklyn) |
| 10th | Jeremiah F. Twomey* | Democrat | Chairman of Finance |
| 11th | James J. Crawford* | Democrat | |
| 12th | Elmer F. Quinn* | Democrat | |
| 13th | Thomas F. Burchill* | Democrat | |
| 14th | William J. Murray* | Democrat | |
| 15th | John L. Buckley* | Democrat | |
| 16th | John J. McNaboe* | Democrat | |
| 17th | Leon A. Fischel* | Democrat | |
| 18th | John T. McCall* | Democrat | also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention |
| 19th | Duncan T. O'Brien* | Democrat | died on September 14, 1938 |
| 20th | A. Spencer Feld* | Democrat | Chairman of Public Education |
| 21st | Lazarus Joseph* | Democrat | |
| 22nd | Julius S. Berg* | Democrat | committed suicide on July 20, 1938 |
| 23rd | John J. Dunnigan* | Democrat | Temporary President; also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention |
| 24th | Rae L. Egbert* | Democrat | |
| 25th | Pliny W. Williamson* | Republican | |
| 26th | James A. Garrity* | Dem./Am. L. | |
| 27th | Thomas C. Desmond* | Republican | |
| 28th | Frederic H. Bontecou* | Republican | also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention |
| 29th | Arthur H. Wicks* | Republican | |
| 30th | Erastus Corning 2nd* | Democrat | |
| 31st | Clifford C. Hastings* | Republican | |
| 32nd | Edwin E. Miller* | Republican | |
| 33rd | Benjamin F. Feinberg* | Republican | also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention |
| 34th | Rhoda Fox Graves* | Republican | |
| 35th | Harry F. Dunkel* | Republican | |
| 36th | William H. Hampton* | Republican | |
| 37th | Perley A. Pitcher* | Republican | Minority Leader; also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention |
| 38th | Francis L. McElroy* | Dem./Am. L. | |
| 39th | Walter W. Stokes* | Republican | |
| 40th | Roy M. Page* | Republican | |
| 41st | C. Tracey Stagg* | Republican | |
| 42nd | Charles J. Hewitt* | Republican | |
| 43rd | Earle S. Warner* | Republican | |
| 44th | Joe R. Hanley* | Republican | |
| 45th | Emmett L. Doyle* | Dem./Am. L. | |
| 46th | George F. Rogers* | Dem./Am. L. | |
| 47th | William H. Lee* | Republican | |
| 48th | Walter J. Mahoney* | Republican | |
| 49th | Stephen J. Wojtkowiak* | Dem./Am. L. | |
| 50th | Nelson W. Cheney* | Republican | |
| 51st | Leigh G. Kirkland* | Republican | |
### Employees
- Clerk: James J. Reilly
- Sergeant-at-Arms: William F. Egloff Jr.
- Stenographer: Robert Murray
## State Assembly
### Assemblymen
Note: For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."
| District | District | Assemblymen | Party | Notes |
| ------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Albany | 1st | George W. Foy* | Democrat | |
| Albany | 2nd | John P. Hayes* | Democrat | |
| Albany | 3rd | James J. Carroll | Dem./Am. L. | |
| Allegany | Allegany | William H. MacKenzie* | Republican | |
| Bronx | 1st | Matthew J. H. McLaughlin* | Dem./T.U./A.-C. | |
| Bronx | 2nd | Patrick J. Fogarty | Dem./T.U./A.-C. | |
| Bronx | 3rd | Carl Pack* | Dem./T.U./A.-C. | |
| Bronx | 4th | Isidore Dollinger* | Dem./T.U./A.-C. | |
| Bronx | 5th | Nathaniel M. Minkoff | Am. L./Soc. | American Labor Leader |
| Bronx | 6th | Peter A. Quinn* | Dem./T.U./A.-C. | |
| Bronx | 7th | Gerard J. Muccigrosso | Am. L./Soc./C.F. | |
| Bronx | 8th | John A. Devany Jr.* | Dem./T.U./A.-C. | |
| Broome | 1st | Edward F. Vincent* | Republican | Chairman of Public Institutions |
| Broome | 2nd | James E. Hill* | Republican | |
| Cattaraugus | Cattaraugus | James W. Riley* | Rep./Soc. | Chairman of Military Affairs |
| Cayuga | Cayuga | Andrew D. Burgdorf* | Republican | Chairman of Public Health |
| Chautauqua | 1st | Lloyd J. Babcock* | Republican | Chairman of Pensions |
| Chautauqua | 2nd | Carl E. Darling* | Republican | Chairman of Revision |
| Chemung | Chemung | Chauncey B. Hammond* | Republican | Chairman of Penal Institutions |
| Chenango | Chenango | Irving M. Ives* | Republican | Majority Leader |
| Clinton | Clinton | Emmett J. Roach* | Democrat | |
| Columbia | Columbia | Frederick A. Washburn* | Republican | Chairman of Labor and Industries |
| Cortland | Cortland | John B. Briggs* | Republican | |
| Delaware | Delaware | William T. A. Webb | Republican | |
| Dutchess | 1st | Howard N. Allen* | Republican | Chairman of Agriculture |
| Dutchess | 2nd | Emerson D. Fite* | Republican | Chairman of Charitable and Religious Societies |
| Erie | 1st | Frank A. Gugino* | Republican | |
| Erie | 2nd | Harold B. Ehrlich* | Rep./Am. L. | Chairman of Claims |
| Erie | 3rd | William J. Butler | Rep./Am. L. | |
| Erie | 4th | Anthony J. Canney* | Democrat | also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention |
| Erie | 5th | Frank Kwiatkowski | Dem./Am. L. | |
| Erie | 6th | Jerome C. Kreinheder* | Republican | |
| Erie | 7th | Charles O. Burney Jr.* | Republican | |
| Erie | 8th | R. Foster Piper* | Rep./Soc. | Chairman of Insurance; also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention |
| Essex | Essex | Thomas A. Leahy* | Republican | |
| Franklin | Franklin | John H. Black* | Republican | |
| Fulton and Hamilton | Fulton and Hamilton | Denton D. Lake* | Republican | Chairman of Aviation |
| Genesee | Genesee | Herbert A. Rapp* | Republican | Chairman of Motor Vehicles |
| Greene | Greene | Paul Fromer* | Republican | |
| Herkimer | Herkimer | Leo A. Lawrence* | Republican | |
| Jefferson | Jefferson | Russell Wright* | Republican | |
| Kings | 1st | Crawford W. Hawkins* | Dem./T.U./A.-C. | |
| Kings | 2nd | Benjamin Brenner | Am. L./City F. | |
| Kings | 3rd | Michael J. Gillen* | Dem./T.U./A.-C. | |
| Kings | 4th | Bernard Austin* | Democrat | |
| Kings | 5th | Charles R. McConnell* | Democrat | |
| Kings | 6th | Robert J. Crews | Rep./City F. | Chairman of Affairs of the City of New York |
| Kings | 7th | William Kirnan* | Democrat | |
| Kings | 8th | Charles J. Beckinella | Democrat | |
| Kings | 9th | Edgar F. Moran* | Democrat | |
| Kings | 10th | William C. McCreery* | Democrat | |
| Kings | 11th | Bernard J. Moran* | Democrat | |
| Kings | 12th | Edward S. Moran Jr.* | Democrat | on June 24, arrested and accused of taking bribes |
| Kings | 13th | Ralph Schwartz* | Democrat | |
| Kings | 14th | Harry Gittleson | Democrat | |
| Kings | 15th | John Smolenski | Democrat | |
| Kings | 16th | Salvatore T. DeMatteo | Am. Labor | |
| Kings | 17th | Fred G. Moritt | Democrat | |
| Kings | 18th | Irwin Steingut* | Democrat | Minority Leader; also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention |
| Kings | 19th | Max M. Turshen* | Democrat | |
| Kings | 20th | Roy H. Rudd* | Democrat | |
| Kings | 21st | Charles H. Breitbart* | Democrat | |
| Kings | 22nd | Peter H. Ruvolo | Democrat | |
| Kings | 23rd | Frank Monaco | Am. L./Rep. | |
| Lewis | Lewis | Fred A. Young* | Republican | |
| Livingston | Livingston | James J. Wadsworth* | Republican | Chairman of Public Relief and Welfare |
| Madison | Madison | Wheeler Milmoe* | Republican | Chairman of Public Printing |
| Monroe | 1st | Frank J. Sellmayer Jr. | Republican | |
| Monroe | 2nd | Abraham Schulman | Republican | |
| Monroe | 3rd | Earl C. Langenbacher* | Democrat | |
| Monroe | 4th | Pat E. Provenzano | Republican | |
| Monroe | 5th | Walter H. Wickins* | Republican | Chairman of Commerce and Navigation |
| Montgomery | Montgomery | L. James Shaver* | Republican | Chairman of Canals |
| Nassau | 1st | John D. Bennett | Republican | |
| Nassau | 2nd | Leonard W. Hall* | Republican | Chairman of Re-Apportionment; on November 8, 1938, elected to the 76th U.S. Congress |
| New York | 1st | James J. Dooling* | Democrat | |
| New York | 2nd | Nicholas A. Rossi* | Democrat | also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention |
| New York | 3rd | Phelps Phelps* | Democrat | |
| New York | 4th | Leonard Farbstein* | Democrat | |
| New York | 5th | John F. Killgrew* | Democrat | |
| New York | 6th | Meyer Goldberg | Republican | |
| New York | 7th | William T. Middleton | Republican | |
| New York | 8th | Stephen J. Jarema* | Democrat | |
| New York | 9th | Ira H. Holley* | Democrat | |
| New York | 10th | MacNeil Mitchell | Rep./City F. | |
| New York | 11th | Patrick H. Sullivan* | Democrat | |
| New York | 12th | Edmund J. Delany* | Democrat | also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention |
| New York | 13th | William J. Sheldrick* | Democrat | |
| New York | 14th | Francis J. McCaffrey Jr.* | Democrat | |
| New York | 15th | Abbot Low Moffat* | Republican | Chairman of Ways and Means: also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention |
| New York | 16th | Robert F. Wagner Jr. | Democrat | |
| New York | 17th | Oscar Garcia Rivera | Rep./Am. L. | |
| New York | 18th | Salvatore A. Farenga* | Democrat | |
| New York | 19th | Robert W. Justice* | Democrat | |
| New York | 20th | Walter V. Fitzgerald | Rep./Am. L. | |
| New York | 21st | William T. Andrews* | Democrat | |
| New York | 22nd | Daniel Flynn* | Democrat | |
| New York | 23rd | William J. A. Glancy* | Democrat | |
| Niagara | 1st | Fayette E. Pease* | Republican | Chairman of Conservation |
| Niagara | 2nd | Harry D. Suitor* | Republican | Chairman of Codes |
| Oneida | 1st | John J. Walsh | Democrat | |
| Oneida | 2nd | William R. Williams* | Republican | |
| Oneida | 3rd | C. Dean Williams | Republican | |
| Onondaga | 1st | Leo W. Breed* | Republican | |
| Onondaga | 2nd | George B. Parsons* | Republican | |
| Onondaga | 3rd | Frank J. Costello* | Republican | |
| Ontario | Ontario | Harry R. Marble* | Republican | Chairman of Printed and Engrossed Bills |
| Orange | 1st | Lee B. Mailler* | Republican | Chairman of Mortgage and Real Estate |
| Orange | 2nd | Charles N. Hammond | Republican | |
| Orleans | Orleans | John S. Thompson* | Republican | Chairman of Public Service |
| Oswego | Oswego | Ernest J. Lonis* | Republican | |
| Otsego | Otsego | Chester T. Backus* | Republican | |
| Putnam | Putnam | D. Mallory Stephens* | Republican | Chairman of Banks |
| Queens | 1st | Mario J. Cariello* | Democrat | |
| Queens | 2nd | Timothy P. Kirwan | Democrat | |
| Queens | 3rd | John V. Downey* | Democrat | |
| Queens | 4th | Daniel E. Fitzpatrick* | Democrat | |
| Queens | 5th | William F. Dailey | Democrat | |
| Queens | 6th | Joseph P. Teagle | Democrat | |
| Rensselaer | 1st | Philip J. Casey* | Democrat | |
| Rensselaer | 2nd | Maurice Whitney* | Republican | Chairman of Taxation and Retrenchment |
| Richmond | 1st | Charles Bormann* | Democrat | |
| Richmond | 2nd | Herman Methfessel* | Democrat | |
| Rockland | Rockland | Lawrence J. Murray Jr. | Democrat | |
| St. Lawrence | 1st | W. Allan Newell* | Republican | Chairman of Civil Service |
| St. Lawrence | 2nd | Warren O. Daniels* | Republican | |
| Saratoga | Saratoga | Richard J. Sherman | Republican | |
| Schenectady | 1st | Oswald D. Heck* | Republican | re-elected Speaker |
| Schenectady | 2nd | Harold Armstrong* | Republican | Chairman of Affairs of Cities |
| Schoharie | Schoharie | Arthur L. Parsons* | Republican | |
| Schuyler | Schuyler | Dutton S. Peterson* | Republican | |
| Seneca | Seneca | Lawrence W. Van Cleef* | Republican | |
| Steuben | 1st | Guy W. Cheney* | Republican | |
| Steuben | 2nd | William M. Stuart* | Republican | |
| Suffolk | 1st | Edmund R. Lupton* | Republican | |
| Suffolk | 2nd | Elisha T. Barrett* | Republican | |
| Sullivan | Sullivan | William A. Chandler | Republican | |
| Tioga | Tioga | Myron D. Albro | Republican | |
| Tompkins | Tompkins | Stanley C. Shaw* | Republican | |
| Ulster | Ulster | J. Edward Conway* | Republican | Chairman of General Laws |
| Warren | Warren | Harry A. Reoux* | Republican | Chairman of Judiciary |
| Washington | Washington | Herbert A. Bartholomew* | Republican | Chairman of Internal Affairs |
| Wayne | Wayne | Harry L. Averill* | Republican | Chairman of Public Education |
| Westchester | 1st | Christopher H. Lawrence | Republican | |
| Westchester | 2nd | Theodore Hill Jr. | Republican | |
| Westchester | 3rd | James E. Owens | Republican | |
| Westchester | 4th | Jane H. Todd* | Republican | Chairwoman of Social Welfare |
| Westchester | 5th | Arthur J. Doran* | Democrat | |
| Wyoming | Wyoming | Harold C. Ostertag* | Republican | Chairman of Affairs of Villages |
| Yates | Yates | Fred S. Hollowell* | Republican | Chairman of Excise |
### Employees
- Clerk: Ansley B. Borkowski
|
enwiki/41943188
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enwiki
| 41,943,188 |
161st New York State Legislature
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/161st_New_York_State_Legislature
|
2025-02-18T07:58:38Z
|
en
|
Q16824591
| 270,568 |
{{Short description|New York state legislative session}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox New York Legislature
|number = 161st
|image =
|imagename =
|imagedate =
|start = January 1
|end = December 31, 1938
|vp = Lt. Gov. [[M. William Bray]] (D)
|pro tem = [[John J. Dunnigan]] (D)
|speaker = [[Oswald D. Heck]] (R)
|senators = 51
|reps = 150
|s-majority = Democratic (29–22)
|h-majority = Republican (84–61–5)
|sessionnumber1 = 1st
|sessionstart1 = January 5
|sessionend1 = March 19,<ref>Note that the last legislative day of the regular session was March 18, and the ''New York Red Book'' gives March 18 as the end of this session. In fact, the adjournment ''sine die'' occurred at 6.16 o'clock in the evening of March 19 after a session of 32 hours and 16 minutes, until then the longest session in New York legislative history.</ref> 1938
|previous = 160th
|next = 162nd
}}
The '''161st New York State Legislature''', consisting of the [[New York State Senate]] and the [[New York State Assembly]], met from January 5 to March 19, 1938, during the sixth year of [[Herbert H. Lehman]]'s [[Governor of New York|governorship]], in [[Albany, New York|Albany]].
==Background==
Under the provisions of the [[New York Constitution]] of 1894, re-apportioned in 1917, 51 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts consisted either of one or more entire counties; or a contiguous area within a single county. The counties which were divided into more than one senatorial district were New York (nine districts), Kings (eight), Bronx (three), Erie (three), Monroe (two), Queens (two) and Westchester (two). The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county.
At this time there were two major political parties: the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] and the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. The [[American Labor Party]] and the [[Socialist Party of America|Socialist Party]] also nominated tickets. In New York City, a "Trades Union", an "Anti-Communist", and a "City Fusion" ticket were also nominated.
==Elections==
The [[1937 New York state election]] was held on November 2. The only statewide elective office up for election was a judgeship on the [[New York Court of Appeals]]. The Democratic incumbent, Gov. [[Herbert H. Lehman]]'s brother [[Irving Lehman]], was re-elected with Republican and American Labor endorsement.
At the same time, an amendment to the State Constitution to increase of the term in office of the members of the [[New York State Assembly]] to two years, and of the statewide elected state officers (Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Comptroller, Attorney General) to four years, was accepted. Also, delegates for a [[New York State Constitutional Convention|Constitutional Convention]], to be held later that year after the legislative session, were elected.
Assemblywoman [[Jane H. Todd]] (Rep.), of [[Tarrytown, New York|Tarrytown]], was re-elected.
==Sessions==
The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in [[Albany, New York|Albany]] on January 5, 1938; and adjourned in the evening of March 19.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1938/03/20/archives/legislature-ends-in-a-rush-of-bills-tax-change-voted-occupancy-tax.html ''LEGISLATURE ENDS IN A RUSH OF BILLS''] in ''[[The New York Times]]'' on March 20, 1938 (subscription required)</ref>
[[Oswald D. Heck]] (Rep.) was re-elected [[Speaker of the New York State Assembly|Speaker]], with 83 votes against 55 for [[Irwin Steingut]] (Dem.) and 4 for [[Nathaniel M. Minkoff]] (Am. Labor).<ref>[http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News%201938%20%20Grayscale/North%20Tonawanda%20NY%20Evening%20News%201938%20a%20%20Grayscale%20-%20%2024.pdf ''SPEAKER HECK IS RE-ELECTED''] in ''The Evening News'', of [[North Tonawanda, New York|North Tonawanda]], on January 5, 1938</ref>
The Constitutional Convention met at the State Capitol in Albany on April 5;<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1938/04/06/archives/crane-pledges-convention-to-renewing-of-democracy-presiding-by.html ''Crane Pledges Convention To Renewing of Democracy''] in ''[[The New York Times]]'' on April 6, 1938 (subscription required)</ref> and adjourned on August 26.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1938/08/27/archives/submission-in-nine-items-voted-for-state-charter-convention-is.html ''SUBMISSION IN NINE ITEMS VOTED FOR STATE CHARTER; CONVENTION IS ADJOURNED''] in ''[[The New York Times]]'' on August 27, 1938 (subscription required)</ref>
==State Senate==
===Districts===
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* 1st District: [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]] and [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]] counties
* 2nd and 3rd District: Parts of Queens County, i.e. the Borough of [[Queens]]
* 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th District: Parts of Kings County, i.e. the Borough of [[Brooklyn]]
* 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th District: Parts of New York County, i.e. the Borough of [[Manhattan]]
* 21st, 22nd and 23rd District: Parts of Bronx County, i.e. the Borough of [[the Bronx]]
* 24th District: Richmond County, i.e. the Borough of Richmond (now the Borough of [[Staten Island]]), and [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland County]]
* 25th District: Part of [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester County]]
* 26th District: [[Cortlandt, New York|Cortlandt]], [[Greenburgh, New York|Greenburgh]], [[Mount Pleasant, New York|Mount Pleasant]], [[Ossining (town), New York|Ossining]] and part of [[Yonkers, New York|Yonkers]]; in [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester County]]
* 27th District: [[Orange County, New York|Orange]] and [[Sullivan County, New York|Sullivan]] counties
* 28th District: [[Columbia County, New York|Columbia]], [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess]] and [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam]] counties
* 29th District: [[Delaware County, New York|Delaware]], [[Greene County, New York|Greene]] and [[Ulster County, New York|Ulster]] counties
* 30th District: [[Albany County, New York|Albany County]]
* 31st District: [[Rensselaer County, New York|Rensselaer County]]
* 32nd District: [[Saratoga County, New York|Saratoga]] and [[Schenectady County, New York|Schenectady]] counties
* 33rd District: [[Clinton County, New York|Clinton]], [[Essex County, New York|Essex]], [[Warren County, New York|Warren]] and [[Washington County, New York|Washington]] counties
* 34th District: [[Franklin County, New York|Franklin]] and [[St. Lawrence County, New York|St. Lawrence]] counties
* 35th District: [[Fulton County, New York|Fulton]], [[Hamilton County, New York|Hamilton]], [[Herkimer County, New York|Herkimer]] and [[Lewis County, New York|Lewis]] counties
* 36th District: [[Oneida County, New York|Oneida County]]
* 37th District: [[Jefferson County, New York|Jefferson]] and [[Oswego County, New York|Oswego]] counties
* 38th District: [[Onondaga County, New York|Onondaga County]]
* 39th District: [[Madison County, New York|Madison]], [[Montgomery County, New York|Montgomery]], [[Otsego County, New York|Otsego]] and [[Schoharie County, New York|Schoharie]] counties
* 40th District: [[Broome County, New York|Broome]], [[Chenango County, New York|Chenango]] and [[Cortland County, New York|Cortland]] counties
* 41st District: [[Chemung County, New York|Chemung]], [[Schuyler County, New York|Schuyler]], [[Tioga County, New York|Tioga]] and [[Tompkins County, New York|Tompkins]] counties
* 42nd District: [[Cayuga County, New York|Cayuga]], [[Seneca County, New York|Seneca]] and [[Wayne County, New York|Wayne]] counties
* 43rd District: [[Ontario County, New York|Ontario]], [[Steuben County, New York|Steuben]] and [[Yates County, New York|Yates]] counties
* 44th District: [[Allegany County, New York|Allegany]], [[Genesee County, New York|Genesee]], [[Livingston County, New York|Livingston]] and [[Wyoming County, New York|Wyoming]]
* 45th and 46th District: [[Monroe County, New York|Monroe County]]
* 47th District: [[Niagara County, New York|Niagara]] and [[Orleans County, New York|Orleans]] counties
* 48th, 49th and 50th District: [[Erie County, New York|Erie County]]
* 51st District: [[Cattaraugus County, New York|Cattaraugus]] and [[Chautauqua County, New York|Chautauqua]] counties}}
===Members===
The asterisk (*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.
'''Note:''' For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."
{| class=wikitable
! District
! Senator
! Party
! Notes
|-
|1st
|[[George L. Thompson]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Joseph D. Nunan Jr.]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
|-
|3rd
|[[Peter T. Farrell]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|4th
|[[Philip M. Kleinfeld]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
|-
|5th
|[[John J. Howard]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|6th
|[[Edward J. Coughlin]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|7th
|[[Jacob J. Schwartzwald]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|8th
|[[Joseph A. Esquirol]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|9th
|[[Jacob H. Livingston]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention; <br>on November 8, 1938, elected to the City Court (Brooklyn)
|-
|10th
|[[Jeremiah F. Twomey]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|Chairman of Finance
|-
|11th
|[[James J. Crawford]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|12th
|[[Elmer F. Quinn]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|13th
|[[Thomas F. Burchill]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|14th
|[[William J. Murray (New York)|William J. Murray]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|15th
|[[John L. Buckley]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|16th
|[[John J. McNaboe]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|17th
|[[Leon A. Fischel]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|18th
|[[John T. McCall]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
|-
|19th
|[[Duncan T. O'Brien]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|died on September 14, 1938
|-
|20th
|[[A. Spencer Feld]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|Chairman of Public Education
|-
|21st
|[[Lazarus Joseph]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|22nd
|[[Julius S. Berg]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|committed suicide on July 20, 1938
|-
|23rd
|[[John J. Dunnigan]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|Temporary President; <br>also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
|-
|24th
|[[Rae L. Egbert]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|25th
|[[Pliny W. Williamson]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|26th
|[[James A. Garrity]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./Am. L.
|
|-
|27th
|[[Thomas C. Desmond]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|28th
|[[Frederic H. Bontecou]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
|-
|29th
|[[Arthur H. Wicks]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|30th
|[[Erastus Corning 2nd]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|31st
|[[Clifford C. Hastings]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|32nd
|[[Edwin E. Miller]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|33rd
|[[Benjamin F. Feinberg]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
|-
|34th
|[[Rhoda Fox Graves]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|35th
|[[Harry F. Dunkel]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|36th
|[[William H. Hampton]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|37th
|[[Perley A. Pitcher]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Minority Leader; <br>also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
|-
|38th
|[[Francis L. McElroy]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./Am. L.
|
|-
|39th
|[[Walter W. Stokes]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|40th
|[[Roy M. Page]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|41st
|[[C. Tracey Stagg]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|42nd
|[[Charles J. Hewitt]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|43rd
|[[Earle S. Warner]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|44th
|[[Joe R. Hanley]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|45th
|[[Emmett L. Doyle]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./Am. L.
|
|-
|46th
|[[George F. Rogers]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./Am. L.
|
|-
|47th
|[[William H. Lee (New York politician)|William H. Lee]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|48th
|[[Walter J. Mahoney]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|49th
|[[Stephen J. Wojtkowiak]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./Am. L.
|
|-
|50th
|[[Nelson W. Cheney]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|51st
|[[Leigh G. Kirkland]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|}
===Employees===
* Clerk: [[James J. Reilly]]
* Sergeant-at-Arms: William F. Egloff Jr.
* Stenographer: Robert Murray
==State Assembly==
===Assemblymen===
'''Note:''' For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."
{| class=wikitable
! colspan="2" | District
! Assemblymen
! Party
! Notes
|-
|rowspan="3" | [[Albany County, New York|Albany]]
|1st
|[[George W. Foy]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|2nd
|[[John P. Hayes (politician)|John P. Hayes]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|3rd
|[[James J. Carroll]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./Am. L.
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Allegany County, New York|Allegany]]
|[[William H. MacKenzie]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="8" | [[The Bronx|Bronx]]
|1st
|[[Matthew J. H. McLaughlin]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./T.U./A.-C.
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Patrick J. Fogarty]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./T.U./A.-C.
|
|-
|3rd
|[[Carl Pack]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./T.U./A.-C.
|
|-
|4th
|[[Isidore Dollinger]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./T.U./A.-C.
|
|-
|5th
|[[Nathaniel M. Minkoff]]
|{{Party shading/American Labor}} | Am. L./Soc.
|American Labor Leader
|-
|6th
|[[Peter A. Quinn]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./T.U./A.-C.
|
|-
|7th
|[[Gerard J. Muccigrosso]]
|{{Party shading/American Labor}} | Am. L./Soc./C.F.
|
|-
|8th
|[[John A. Devany Jr.]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./T.U./A.-C.
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Broome County, New York|Broome]]
|1st
|[[Edward F. Vincent]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Public Institutions
|-
|2nd
|[[James E. Hill (New York)|James E. Hill]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Cattaraugus County, New York|Cattaraugus]]
|[[James W. Riley]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep./Soc.
|Chairman of Military Affairs
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Cayuga County, New York|Cayuga]]
|[[Andrew D. Burgdorf]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Public Health
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Chautauqua County, New York|Chautauqua]]
|1st
|[[Lloyd J. Babcock]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Pensions
|-
|2nd
|[[Carl E. Darling]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Revision
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Chemung County, New York|Chemung]]
|[[Chauncey B. Hammond]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Penal Institutions
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Chenango County, New York|Chenango]]
|[[Irving M. Ives]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Majority Leader
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Clinton County, New York|Clinton]]
|[[Emmett J. Roach]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Columbia County, New York|Columbia]]
|[[Frederick A. Washburn]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Labor and Industries
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Cortland County, New York|Cortland]]
|[[John B. Briggs]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Delaware County, New York|Delaware]]
|[[William T. A. Webb]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Dutchess County, New York|Dutchess]]
|1st
|[[Howard N. Allen]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Agriculture
|-
|2nd
|[[Emerson D. Fite]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Charitable and Religious Societies
|-
|rowspan="8" | [[Erie County, New York|Erie]]
|1st
|[[Frank A. Gugino]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Harold B. Ehrlich]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep./Am. L.
|Chairman of Claims
|-
|3rd
|[[William J. Butler (New York)|William J. Butler]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep./Am. L.
|
|-
|4th
|[[Anthony J. Canney]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
|-
|5th
|[[Frank Kwiatkowski]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./Am. L.
|
|-
|6th
|[[Jerome C. Kreinheder]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|7th
|[[Charles O. Burney Jr.]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|8th
|[[R. Foster Piper]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep./Soc.
|Chairman of Insurance; <br>also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Essex County, New York|Essex]]
|[[Thomas A. Leahy]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Franklin County, New York|Franklin]]
|[[John H. Black]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Fulton County, New York|Fulton]] and [[Hamilton County, New York|Hamilton]]
|[[Denton D. Lake]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Aviation
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Genesee County, New York|Genesee]]
|[[Herbert A. Rapp]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Motor Vehicles
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Greene County, New York|Greene]]
|[[Paul Fromer]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Herkimer County, New York|Herkimer]]
|[[Leo A. Lawrence]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Jefferson County, New York|Jefferson]]
|[[Russell Wright (assemblyman)|Russell Wright]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="23" | [[Brooklyn|Kings]]
|1st
|[[Crawford W. Hawkins]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./T.U./A.-C.
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Benjamin Brenner]]
|{{Party shading/American Labor}} | Am. L./City F.
|
|-
|3rd
|[[Michael J. Gillen]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Dem./T.U./A.-C.
|
|-
|4th
|[[Bernard Austin (Brooklyn)|Bernard Austin]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|5th
|[[Charles R. McConnell]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|6th
|[[Robert J. Crews]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep./City F.
|Chairman of Affairs of the City of New York
|-
|7th
|[[William Kirnan]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|8th
|[[Charles J. Beckinella]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|9th
|[[Edgar F. Moran]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|10th
|[[William C. McCreery]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|11th
|[[Bernard J. Moran]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|12th
|[[Edward S. Moran Jr.]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|on June 24, arrested and accused of taking bribes<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1938/06/25/archives/front-page-1-no-title-e-s-moran-jr-of-12th-a-d-brooklyn-accused-of.html ''E. S. Moran Jr. of 12th A. D., Brooklyn, Accused of Getting $36,000 From Taxi Concerns''] in ''[[The New York Times]]'' on June 25, 1938 (subscription required)</ref>
|-
|13th
|[[Ralph Schwartz (Brooklyn)|Ralph Schwartz]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|14th
|[[Harry Gittleson]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|15th
|[[John Smolenski (Brooklyn)|John Smolenski]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|16th
|[[Salvatore T. DeMatteo]]
|{{Party shading/American Labor}} | Am. Labor
|
|-
|17th
|[[Fred G. Moritt]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|18th
|[[Irwin Steingut]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|Minority Leader; <br>also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
|-
|19th
|[[Max M. Turshen]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|20th
|[[Roy H. Rudd]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|21st
|[[Charles H. Breitbart]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|22nd
|[[Peter H. Ruvolo]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|23rd
|[[Frank Monaco]]
|{{Party shading/American Labor}} | Am. L./Rep.
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Lewis County, New York|Lewis]]
|[[Fred A. Young]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Livingston County, New York|Livingston]]
|[[James J. Wadsworth]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Public Relief and Welfare
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Madison County, New York|Madison]]
|[[Wheeler Milmoe]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Public Printing
|-
|rowspan="5" | [[Monroe County, New York|Monroe]]
|1st
|[[Frank J. Sellmayer Jr.]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Abraham Schulman]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|3rd
|[[Earl C. Langenbacher]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|4th
|[[Pat E. Provenzano]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|5th
|[[Walter H. Wickins]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Commerce and Navigation
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Montgomery County, New York|Montgomery]]
|[[L. James Shaver]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Canals
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]]
|1st
|[[John D. Bennett]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Leonard W. Hall]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Re-Apportionment; <br>on November 8, 1938, elected to the [[76th United States Congress|76th U.S. Congress]]
|-
|rowspan="23" | [[Manhattan|New York]]
|1st
|[[James J. Dooling]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Nicholas A. Rossi]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
|-
|3rd
|[[Phelps Phelps]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|4th
|[[Leonard Farbstein]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|5th
|[[John F. Killgrew]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|6th
|[[Meyer Goldberg]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|7th
|[[William T. Middleton]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|8th
|[[Stephen J. Jarema]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|9th
|[[Ira H. Holley]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|10th
|[[MacNeil Mitchell]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep./City F.
|
|-
|11th
|[[Patrick H. Sullivan]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|12th
|[[Edmund J. Delany]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
|-
|13th
|[[William J. Sheldrick]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|14th
|[[Francis J. McCaffrey Jr.]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|15th
|[[Abbot Low Moffat]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Ways and Means: <br>also a delegate to the Constitutional Convention
|-
|16th
|[[Robert F. Wagner Jr.]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|17th
|[[Oscar Garcia Rivera]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep./Am. L.
|
|-
|18th
|[[Salvatore A. Farenga]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|19th
|[[Robert W. Justice]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|20th
|[[Walter V. Fitzgerald]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Rep./Am. L.
|
|-
|21st
|[[William T. Andrews]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|22nd
|[[Daniel Flynn (Manhattan)|Daniel Flynn]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|23rd
|[[William J. A. Glancy]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Niagara County, New York|Niagara]]
|1st
|[[Fayette E. Pease]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Conservation
|-
|2nd
|[[Harry D. Suitor]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Codes
|-
|rowspan="3" | [[Oneida County, New York|Oneida]]
|1st
|[[John J. Walsh (Oneida County, NY)|John J. Walsh]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|2nd
|[[William R. Williams]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|3rd
|[[C. Dean Williams]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="3" | [[Onondaga County, New York|Onondaga]]
|1st
|[[Leo W. Breed]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[George B. Parsons]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|3rd
|[[Frank J. Costello]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Ontario County, New York|Ontario]]
|[[Harry R. Marble]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Printed and Engrossed Bills
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Orange County, New York|Orange]]
|1st
|[[Lee B. Mailler]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Mortgage and Real Estate
|-
|2nd
|[[Charles N. Hammond]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Orleans County, New York|Orleans]]
|[[John S. Thompson (New York)|John S. Thompson]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Public Service
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Oswego County, New York|Oswego]]
|[[Ernest J. Lonis]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Otsego County, New York|Otsego]]
|[[Chester T. Backus]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Putnam County, New York|Putnam]]
|[[D. Mallory Stephens]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Banks
|-
|rowspan="6" | [[Queens]]
|1st
|[[Mario J. Cariello]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Timothy P. Kirwan]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|3rd
|[[John V. Downey]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|4th
|[[Daniel E. Fitzpatrick]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|5th
|[[William F. Dailey]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|6th
|[[Joseph P. Teagle]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Rensselaer County, New York|Rensselaer]]
|1st
|[[Philip J. Casey]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Maurice Whitney]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Taxation and Retrenchment
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Staten Island|Richmond]]
|1st
|[[Charles Bormann]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Herman Methfessel]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland]]
|[[Lawrence J. Murray Jr.]]
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[St. Lawrence County, New York|St. Lawrence]]
|1st
|[[W. Allan Newell]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Civil Service
|-
|2nd
|[[Warren O. Daniels]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Saratoga County, New York|Saratoga]]
|[[Richard J. Sherman]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Schenectady County, New York|Schenectady]]
|1st
|[[Oswald D. Heck]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|re-elected [[Speaker of the New York State Assembly|Speaker]]
|-
|2nd
|[[Harold Armstrong (politician)|Harold Armstrong]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Affairs of Cities
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Schoharie County, New York|Schoharie]]
|[[Arthur L. Parsons]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Schuyler County, New York|Schuyler]]
|[[Dutton S. Peterson]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Seneca County, New York|Seneca]]
|[[Lawrence W. Van Cleef]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Steuben County, New York|Steuben]]
|1st
|[[Guy W. Cheney]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[William M. Stuart]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]]
|1st
|[[Edmund R. Lupton]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Elisha T. Barrett]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Sullivan County, New York|Sullivan]]
|[[William A. Chandler]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Tioga County, New York|Tioga]]
|[[Myron D. Albro]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Tompkins County, New York|Tompkins]]
|[[Stanley C. Shaw]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Ulster County, New York|Ulster]]
|[[J. Edward Conway]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of General Laws
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Warren County, New York|Warren]]
|[[Harry A. Reoux]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Judiciary
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Washington County, New York|Washington]]
|[[Herbert A. Bartholomew]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Internal Affairs
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Wayne County, New York|Wayne]]
|[[Harry L. Averill]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Public Education
|-
|rowspan="5" | [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]]
|1st
|[[Christopher H. Lawrence]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|2nd
|[[Theodore Hill Jr.]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|3rd
|[[James E. Owens]]
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|
|-
|4th
|[[Jane H. Todd]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairwoman of Social Welfare
|-
|5th
|[[Arthur J. Doran]]*
|{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrat
|
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Wyoming County, New York|Wyoming]]
|[[Harold C. Ostertag]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Affairs of Villages
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Yates County, New York|Yates]]
|[[Fred S. Hollowell]]*
|{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
|Chairman of Excise
|-
|}
===Employees===
* Clerk: [[Ansley B. Borkowski]]
==Notes==
<references/>
==Sources==
* [http://library.albany.edu/speccoll/findaids/eresources/csea/The-State-Employee_1937-12.pdf ''Members of Assembly—1938''] in ''The State Employee'' (December 1937, Vol. 6, No. 9, pg. 16ff)
* [http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/ofc/stsen1930s.html Members of the New York Senate (1930s)] at Political Graveyard
* [http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/ofc/asmbly1930s.html Members of the New York Assembly (1930s)] at Political Graveyard
* [http://www.fultonhistory.com/Process%20small/Newspapers/Rochester%20NY%20Democrat%20Chronicle/Rochester%20NY%20Democrat%20Chronicle%201938/Rochester%20NY%20Democrat%20Chronicle%201938%20a%20(1274).pdf ''RULES GROUP OF ASSEMBLY ADDS MEMBER''] in the ''Rochester Democrat and Chronicle'', of [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], on January 11, 1938
{{NYLegislatures}}
[[Category:New York (state) legislative sessions|161]]
[[Category:1938 in New York (state)|State Legislature]]
[[Category:1938 U.S. legislative sessions|New York State Legislature]]
| 1,276,339,923 |
[{"title": "161st New York State Legislature", "data": {"\u2190": "160th \u00b7 162nd \u00b7 \u2192"}}, {"title": "Overview", "data": {"Legislative body": "New York State Legislature", "Jurisdiction": "New York, United States", "Term": "January 1 \u2013 December 31, 1938"}}, {"title": "Senate", "data": {"Members": "51", "President": "Lt. Gov. M. William Bray (D)", "Temporary President": "John J. Dunnigan (D)", "Party control": "Democratic (29\u201322)"}}, {"title": "Assembly", "data": {"Members": "150", "Speaker": "Oswald D. Heck (R)", "Party control": "Republican (84\u201361\u20135)"}}, {"title": "Sessions", "data": {"1st": "January 5 \u2013 March 19, 1938"}}]
| false |
# 1918 Ukrainian Constituent Assembly election
Elections to the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly (Ukrainian: Вибори до Українських Установчих Зборів) were never finished as a result of events in the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the following.
## Organization
There were 301 seats contested to the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly in 13 electoral districts starting on January 9 [O.S. December 27] 1918. The elections were proclaimed on November 20 by the Third Universal of the Central Rada of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The Universal proclaimed that the Constituent Assembly would convene on January 22 [O.S. January 9] 1918. The elections were conducted by the Electoral Bureau of the General Secretary of Internal Affairs directed by Mykhailo Kovenko.
The Universal proclaimed that the Constituent Assembly's 301 deputies were to be elected by a direct universal, equal and secret vote on the basis of proportional representation of 1 deputy per 100,000 constituents. Male and female citizens aged 20 and over who have attained the right to vote were allowed to participate in the elections.
## Preparation
Right before elections the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party tried to sabotage the elections through another coup-d'etat that was scheduled to take place on December 24 to establish the Soviet power in Ukraine. However, that attempt was effectively extinguished, all Bolshevik military formations were disarmed, and sent by train to the Soviet Russia including the 2nd Guard Corps led by Yevgenia Bosch that was stopped near Zhmerynka en route to Kiev in support of the mutiny. On December 30 the government of Russia (Sovnarkom) issued an ultimatum to reinstate legal rights of Bolshevik military formations in Ukraine, which was ignored.
## Results
According to the results, 171 of the 301 deputies were elected in regions where the Bolsheviks were not in power. Over 70 percent of the total votes cast were for Ukrainian political parties while only 10 percent went to the Bolsheviks. Following political turmoil, the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly never convened and the Central Council took on its responsibilities. The elections were paused due to the invasion of Russia and the chaos that was spread as the result of it. The Central Rada announced that it will act as the legislative body until the Assembly will be convened.
|
enwiki/20883325
|
enwiki
| 20,883,325 |
1918 Ukrainian Constituent Assembly election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_Ukrainian_Constituent_Assembly_election
|
2025-01-22T09:42:59Z
|
en
|
Q1140977
| 53,632 |
{{main|Ukrainian Constituent Assembly}}
'''Elections to the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly''' ({{langx|uk|Вибори до Українських Установчих Зборів}}) were never finished as a result of events in the [[Russian Revolution of 1917]] and the following.
==Organization==
There were 301 seats contested to the [[Ukrainian Constituent Assembly]] in 13 electoral districts starting on {{OldStyleDate|January 9|1918|December 27|1917}}.<ref name="rada">{{Cite Ukrainian law|type=[[Universal (act)|Universal]] of the [[Tsentralna Rada|Central Rada]]|number=III|law=n0005300-17|name=Universal of the Ukrainian Central Rada (III)|date=1917-11-07}}</ref> The elections were proclaimed on November 20 by the [[Universal (act)|Third Universal]] of the [[Tsentralna Rada|Central Rada]] of the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]]. The Universal proclaimed that the Constituent Assembly would convene on {{OldStyleDate|January 22|1918|January 9}}. The elections were conducted by the Electoral Bureau of the General Secretary of Internal Affairs directed by [[Mykhailo Kovenko]].
The Universal proclaimed that the Constituent Assembly's 301 deputies were to be elected by a direct universal, equal and secret vote on the basis of [[proportional representation]] of 1 deputy per 100,000 constituents. Male and female citizens aged 20 and over who have attained the right to vote were allowed to participate in the elections.
==Preparation==
{{see also|Kiev Bolshevik Uprising}}
Right before elections the [[Russian Social Democratic Labor Party]] tried to sabotage the elections through another [[coup-d'etat]] that was scheduled to take place on December 24 to establish the Soviet power in Ukraine. However, that attempt was effectively extinguished, all Bolshevik military formations were disarmed, and sent by train to the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] including the 2nd Guard Corps led by [[Yevgenia Bosch]] that was stopped near [[Zhmerynka]] en route to [[Kiev]] in support of the mutiny. On December 30 the government of Russia ([[Sovnarkom]]) issued an ultimatum to reinstate legal rights of Bolshevik military formations in Ukraine, which was ignored.
==Results==
According to the results, 171 of the 301 deputies were elected in regions where the [[Bolsheviks]] were not in power.<ref name="eou">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?AddButton=pages\C\O\ConstituentAssemblyofUkraine.htm|title=Constituent Assembly of Ukraine|access-date=2008-12-29|last=Zhukovsky|first=A|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]}}</ref> Over 70 percent of the total votes cast were for Ukrainian political parties while only 10 percent went to the Bolsheviks.<ref>{{cite book|title=Ukraine: A History|author=Subtelny, Orest|author-link=Orest Subtelny|publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]]|year=2000|isbn=0-8020-8390-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/ukrainehistory00subt_0/page/350 350]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/ukrainehistory00subt_0/page/350}}</ref> Following political turmoil, the Ukrainian Constituent Assembly never convened and the Central Council took on its responsibilities.<ref name="eou"/> The elections were paused due to the invasion of Russia and the chaos that was spread as the result of it. The [[Central Rada]] announced that it will act as the legislative body until the Assembly will be convened.
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Ukrainian elections}}
{{Ukrainian Bolshevik Revolution}}
[[Category:Ukraine in the Russian Civil War]]
[[Category:Parliamentary elections in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Ukrainian People's Republic]]
[[Category:1918 elections in Ukraine|Constituent Assembly]]
[[Category:January 1918|Ukraine]]
[[Category:Ukrainian Constituent Assembly|Election]]
[[Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results]]
| 1,271,034,530 |
[]
| false |
# 1793 in Poland
Events from the year 1793 in Poland
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Stanisław II August
## Events
- Poznań witch trial
- Second Partition of Poland
|
enwiki/48255607
|
enwiki
| 48,255,607 |
1793 in Poland
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1793_in_Poland
|
2024-04-09T19:53:56Z
|
en
|
Q21186918
| 41,935 |
{{short description|none}}
{{yearbox|
in?= in Poland|
}}
Events from the year '''1793 in [[Poland]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Polish monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Stanisław August Poniatowski|Stanisław II August]]
==Events==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
* [[Poznań witch trial]]
* [[Second Partition of Poland]]
==Births==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
*
*
*
*
==Deaths==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
*
*
*
*
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Year in Europe|1793}}
{{Years in Poland}}
[[Category:1793 in Poland| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in Poland]]
{{Poland-hist-stub}}
| 1,218,111,360 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"Years in Poland": "1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796", "Centuries": "17th century \u00b7 18th century \u00b7 19th century", "Decades": "1760s 1770s 1780s 1790s 1800s 1810s 1820s", "Years": "1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796"}}]
| false |
# 1799 in Great Britain
Events from the year 1799 in Great Britain.
## Incumbents
- Monarch – George III
- Prime Minister – William Pitt the Younger (Tory)[1]
- Foreign Secretary – Lord Grenville
## Events
- 9 January – Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound[2] to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the French Revolutionary Wars.
- 20 March–21 May – British troops lend aid to the Ottoman defenders against the French Siege of Acre.[3]
- 4 May – Battle of Seringapatam: British forces defeat the Sultan of Mysore; his kingdom is divided between the Honourable East India Company and Hyderabad.[4]
- 1 July – Britain allies with Russia, Austria, Portugal, Naples, and the Ottoman Empire against France.[4]
- 12 July – Parliament passes:
- The Combination Act to outlaw trade unions.[5]
- Unlawful Societies Act to outlaw clandestine radical societies and require a printer's imprint on all published material.[6]
- 15–19 August – A combined French and Spanish fleet stands off the south west coast of England.[7]
- 27 August – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland: Britain and Russia send an expedition to the Batavian Republic.
- 30 August – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland: Vlieter Incident – A squadron of the Batavian Republic's navy, commanded by Rear-Admiral Samuel Story, surrenders to the British Royal Navy under Sir Ralph Abercromby and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell near Wieringen without joining action.
- 6 October – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland: Battle of Castricum – Franco-Dutch forces defeat the Russo-British expedition force.
- 9 October – Sinking of HMS Lutine (1779), a famous treasure wreck, in the West Frisian Islands.
- 16 October – Action of 16 October 1799: A Spanish treasure convoy worth more than £600,000 is captured by the Royal Navy off Vigo.
- 18 October – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland: Capitulation of Anglo-Russian expedition forces in North Holland.
- 23 October – The River Severn ferry at The Tuckies, Jackfield, Shropshire capsizes and 28 workers from Coalport China Works are drowned.[8]
- 5 November – HMS Sceptre is wrecked in a storm in Table Bay, South Africa, with the loss of 349 and 41 survivors.[9]
- The Religious Tract Society is established as an evangelical publisher in Paternoster Row, London; as The Lutterworth Press the imprint continues into the 21st century.
### Ongoing
- Anglo-Spanish War, 1796–1808
- French Revolutionary Wars, War of the Second Coalition
## Births
- January – James Meadows Rendel, civil engineer (died 1856)
- 12 January – Priscilla Susan Bury, botanist (died 1872)
- 8 February – John Lindley, botanist (died 1865)
- 16 March – Anna Atkins, botanist and photographer (died 1871)[10]
- 29 March – Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister (died 1869)
- 17 April – Eliza Acton, cookery writer (died 1859)
- 13 May – Catherine Gore, author (died 1861)
- 21 May – Mary Anning, paleontologist (died 1847)
- 23 May – Thomas Hood, poet (died 1845)
- 18 June – William Lassell, astronomer (died 1880)
- 25 June – David Douglas, Scottish botanist (died 1834 in Hawaii)
- 8 September – James Bowman Lindsay, Scottish inventor (died 1862)
- 21 December – Ignatius Spencer, priest (died 1864)
- James Townsend Saward, barrister and forger (date of death unknown)
- Approximate date – William Simson, Scottish-born painter (died 1847)
## Deaths
- 26 January – Gabriel Christie, Scottish-born general and settler in Montreal (born 1722)
- 26 May – James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish judge and comparative linguist (born 1714)
- 14 June – Sir Patrick Warrender, Scottish soldier and politician (born 1731)[11]
- 4 August – John Bacon, sculptor (born 1740)
- 5 August – Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe, admiral (born 1726)
- 25 August – John Arnold, watchmaker (born 1736)
- 3 September – William Thomas, academic and Chancellor of Llandaff Cathedral (born 1726)[12]
- 6 October – William Withering, physician (born 1741)
- 4 November – Josiah Tucker, economist (born 1713)[13]
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|- style="background-color:#f3f3f3"
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| {{center | [[1799 in England|England]] {{!}} [[1799 in Scotland|Scotland]] {{!}} [[1799 in Wales|Wales]]}}
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| {{center |''Other years''}}
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| {{center | [[1797 in Great Britain|1797]] {{!}} [[1798 in Great Britain|1798]] {{!}} '''1799''' {{!}} [[1800 in Great Britain|1800]] {{!}} [[1801 in the United Kingdom|1801]]}}
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Events from the year '''[[1799]] in [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]]'''.
==Incumbents==
* [[List of British monarchs|Monarch]] – [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
* [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] – [[William Pitt the Younger]] ([[Tories (British political party)|Tory]])<ref>{{cite web |title=History of William Pitt 'The Younger' - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/william-pitt |website=www.gov.uk |access-date=1 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]] – [[William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville|Lord Grenville]]
==Events==
* 9 January – [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[William Pitt the Younger]] introduces an [[income tax]] of two [[shilling]]s to the [[Pound Sterling|pound]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref> to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the [[French Revolutionary Wars]].
* 20 March–21 May – British troops lend aid to the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] defenders against the French [[Siege of Acre (1799)|Siege of Acre]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|location=London|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/348 348]|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/348}}</ref>
* 4 May – [[Battle of Seringapatam]]: British forces defeat the Sultan of [[Mysore]]; his kingdom is divided between the [[Honourable East India Company]] and [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]].<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=237–238|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* 1 July – Britain allies with [[Russia]], [[Austria]], [[Portugal]], [[Naples]], and the [[Ottoman Empire]] against [[France]].<ref name=CBH/>
* 12 July – [[Parliament of Great Britain|Parliament]] passes:
** The [[Combination Act]] to outlaw [[trade union]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/launch_tl_british.shtml|title=BBC History British History Timeline|accessdate=2007-09-04|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070909012414/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/launch_tl_british.shtml|archivedate=2007-09-09<!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref>
** [[Unlawful Societies Act 1799|Unlawful Societies Act]] to outlaw clandestine radical societies and require a printer's imprint on all published material.<ref>{{cite web|title=Unlawful Societies Act 1799|work=vlexJustis|url=https://vlex.co.uk/vid/unlawful-societies-act-1799-808113257|accessdate=2023-03-15}}</ref>
* 15–19 August – A combined French and Spanish fleet stands off the south west coast of England.<ref>''[[Lloyd's List]]''.</ref>
* 27 August – [[Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland]]: Britain and [[Russian Empire|Russia]] send an expedition to the [[Batavian Republic]].
* 30 August – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland: [[Vlieter Incident]] – A squadron of the [[Batavian Republic]]'s navy, commanded by Rear-Admiral [[Samuel Story]], surrenders to the British [[Royal Navy]] under Sir [[Ralph Abercromby]] and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell near [[Wieringen]] without joining action.
* 6 October – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland: [[Battle of Castricum]] – Franco-Dutch forces defeat the Russo-British expedition force.
* 9 October – Sinking of {{HMS|Lutine|1779}}, a famous treasure wreck, in the [[West Frisian Islands]].
* 16 October – [[Action of 16 October 1799]]: A Spanish treasure convoy worth more than £600,000 is captured by the Royal Navy off [[Vigo]].
* 18 October – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland: Capitulation of Anglo-Russian expedition forces in [[North Holland]].
* 23 October – The [[River Severn]] ferry at [[The Tuckies, Jackfield, Shropshire]] capsizes and 28 workers from [[Coalport China Museum|Coalport China Works]] are drowned.<ref>{{cite book|first=Neil|last=Clarke|title=Crossing the River: Fords and Ferries on the Shropshire Severn|location=Derby|publisher=[[Railway and Canal Historical Society]]|year=2015|isbn=978-0-901461-62-9|pages=43–44}}</ref>
* 5 November – [[HMS Sceptre (1781)|HMS ''Sceptre'']] is wrecked in a storm in [[Table Bay]], South Africa, with the loss of 349 and 41 survivors.<ref>{{cite book|title=The United Service Magazine|chapter=The Autobiography of Sir John Barrow|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_C6sktnjjNBIC|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_C6sktnjjNBIC/page/n187 337]|year=1847|accessdate=2008-11-04|publisher=H. Colburn}}</ref>
* The [[Religious Tract Society]] is established as an evangelical publisher in [[Paternoster Row]], London; as [[The Lutterworth Press]] the imprint continues into the 21st century.
===Ongoing===
* [[Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808)|Anglo-Spanish War]], 1796–1808
* [[French Revolutionary Wars]], [[War of the Second Coalition]]
==Births==
* January – [[James Meadows Rendel (engineer)|James Meadows Rendel]], civil engineer (died [[1856 in the United Kingdom|1856]])
* 12 January – [[Priscilla Susan Bury]], botanist (died [[1872 in the United Kingdom|1872]])
* 8 February – [[John Lindley]], botanist (died [[1865 in the United Kingdom|1865]])
* 16 March – [[Anna Atkins]], botanist and photographer (died [[1871 in the United Kingdom|1871]])<ref>{{cite book|first=Catharine M. C.|last=Haines|title=International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950|location=Santa Barbara|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2001|isbn=978-1-57607-090-1|page=10}}</ref>
* 29 March – [[Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] (died [[1869 in the United Kingdom|1869]])
* 17 April – [[Eliza Acton]], cookery writer (died [[1859 in the United Kingdom|1859]])
* 13 May – [[Catherine Gore]], author (died [[1861 in the United Kingdom|1861]])
* 21 May – [[Mary Anning]], paleontologist (died [[1847 in the United Kingdom|1847]])
* 23 May – [[Thomas Hood]], poet (died [[1845 in the United Kingdom|1845]])
* 18 June – [[William Lassell]], astronomer (died [[1880 in the United Kingdom|1880]])
* 25 June – [[David Douglas (botanist)|David Douglas]], Scottish botanist (died [[1834 in the United Kingdom|1834]] in [[Hawaii]])
* 8 September – [[James Bowman Lindsay]], Scottish inventor (died [[1862 in the United Kingdom|1862]])
* 21 December – [[Ignatius Spencer]], priest (died [[1864 in the United Kingdom|1864]])
* [[James Townsend Saward]], barrister and forger (date of death unknown)
* Approximate date – [[William Simson]], Scottish-born painter (died [[1847 in the United Kingdom|1847]])
==Deaths==
* 26 January – [[Gabriel Christie (British Army officer)|Gabriel Christie]], Scottish-born general and settler in Montreal (born [[1722 in Great Britain|1722]])
* 26 May – [[James Burnett, Lord Monboddo]], Scottish judge and comparative linguist (born [[1714 in Great Britain|1714]])
* 14 June – Sir [[Patrick Warrender]], Scottish soldier and politician (born [[1731 in Great Britain|1731]])<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1754-1790/member/warrender-patrick-1731-99 | title = WARRENDER, Patrick (1731-99), of Lochend, Haddington.|publisher= History of Parliament Online |accessdate =20 March 2018}}</ref>
* 4 August – [[John Bacon (sculptor, born 1740)|John Bacon]], sculptor (born [[1740 in Great Britain|1740]])
* 5 August – [[Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe]], admiral (born [[1726 in Great Britain|1726]])
* 25 August – [[John Arnold (watchmaker)|John Arnold]], watchmaker (born [[1736 in Great Britain|1736]])
* 3 September – [[William Thomas (Chancellor of Llandaff Cathedral)|William Thomas]], academic and Chancellor of Llandaff Cathedral (born [[1726 in Great Britain|1726]])<ref>{{cite DWB|id=s-THOM-WIL-1734|title=Thomas, William (1734-1799), cleric and antiquary|author=Hywel David Emanuel|publisher=National Library of Wales|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref>
* 6 October – [[William Withering]], physician (born [[1741 in Great Britain|1741]])
*4 November – [[Josiah Tucker]], economist (born [[1713 in Great Britain|1713]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Ruth Savage|title=Philosophy and Religion in Enlightenment Britain: New Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zTVtbQQuKsC&pg=PA240|date=26 April 2012|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-922704-4|page=240}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{GB year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1799}}
[[Category:1799 in Great Britain| ]]
[[Category:Years in the Kingdom of Great Britain]]
[[Category:1799 by country]]
[[Category:1799 in Europe]]
[[Category:1790s in Great Britain]]
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# 1643 in literature
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1643.
## Events
- May/June – René Descartes, having had his philosophy condemned by the University of Utrecht, begins his long correspondence with Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia.[1]
- June 16 – The Parliament of England issues the Licensing Order of 1643 to control the press – the action against which John Milton protests in his Areopagitica of the following year.
- August 1 – The first of Milton's divorce tracts is published, anonymously and unlicensed.
- unknown dates
- Cardinal Mazarin opens the Bibliothèque Mazarine in Paris to scholars.[2]
- The medieval Icelandic manuscript Codex Regius comes to light, in the possession of Bishop Brynjólfur Sveinsson.
- Miyamoto Musashi begins dictating The Book of Five Rings (Go Rin No Sho).
- Francis Bacon's New Atlantis and Tommaso Campanella's Civitas Solis, The City of the Sun, are published together in a volume titled Mundus Alter et Idem – the first time, though not the last, that the two works will be bound together.
## New books
### Prose
- Sir Thomas Browne – Religio Medici (first "authorized" edition, after two unauthorized in the previous year)
- Sir Kenelm Digby – Observations Upon Religio Medici
- Philip Hunton – A Treatise of Monarchie
- John Milton – Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce
- Roger Williams – A Key into the Language of America
- Pedro Agerre (Axular) – Gero
### Drama
- Pierre Corneille
- Le Menteur
- Polyeucte
- Sir William Davenant – The Unfortunate Lovers published
- Claude de L'Estoile – La Belle Esclave (The Beautiful Slave)
- Francisco de Quevedo
- Entremés de las sombras
- La mujer de Peribáñez
### Poetry
- Ramillete gracioso
- Antoine Girard de Saint-Amant – Albion
## Births
- March 26 – Louis Moréri, French encyclopedist and priest (died 1680)
- September 18 – Gilbert Burnet, Scottish historian and bishop (died 1715)[3]
- November 1 – John Strype, English historian, biographer and cleric (died 1737)
- November 16 – Jean Chardin, French travel writer (died 1713)
- unknown date – Thomas Rymer, English Historiographer Royal (died 1713)
## Deaths
- February 9 – Sidney Godolphin, English poet (born 1610)
- April 4 – Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian (born 1583)
- April 12 – Nicolaus Hunnius, German theologian (born 1585)
- April 20 – Christoph Demantius, German poet and composer (born 1567)
- November 29 – William Cartwright, English poet, dramatist and cleric (born 1611)
- unknown dates
- Abraham Azulai, Moroccan-born Kabbalistic author (born c. 1570)
- Thomas Master, English poet, translator and cleric (born 1603)
- Pedro de Oña, Chilean poet (born 1570)
- probable
- Mícheál Ó Cléirigh, Irish chronicler (born c. 1590)
- Henry Glapthorne, English dramatist (born 1610)
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{refimprove|date=February 2013}}
{{Year nav topic5|1643|literature}}
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in '''1643'''.
==Events==
*May/June – [[René Descartes]], having had his philosophy condemned by the University of Utrecht, begins his long correspondence with [[Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Daniel Garber|author2=Professor of Philosophy Daniel Garber|author3=Garber Daniel|title=Descartes Embodied: Reading Cartesian Philosophy Through Cartesian Science|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5EVmvlfgmgC&pg=PA169|year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-78973-8|pages=169}}</ref>
*[[June 16]] – The Parliament of England issues the [[Licensing Order of 1643]] to control the press – the action against which [[John Milton]] protests in his ''[[Areopagitica]]'' of the following year.
*[[August 1]] – The first of [[Milton's divorce tracts]] is published, anonymously and unlicensed.
*''unknown dates''
**[[Cardinal Mazarin]] opens the [[Bibliothèque Mazarine]] in Paris to scholars.<ref>{{cite book|author=Rita Benton|title=Directory of Music Research Libraries: pt. 1. France, Finland, United Kingdom, Ireland, Luxembourg, Norway, Netherland, Portugal, Sweden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2WXgAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Bärenreiter|isbn=978-3-7618-1482-6|page=383}}</ref>
**The medieval Icelandic manuscript [[Codex Regius]] comes to light, in the possession of Bishop [[Brynjólfur Sveinsson]].
**[[Miyamoto Musashi]] begins dictating ''[[The Book of Five Rings]] ([[Go Rin No Sho]])''.
**[[Francis Bacon]]'s ''[[New Atlantis]]'' and [[Tommaso Campanella]]'s ''Civitas Solis'', ''[[The City of the Sun]]'', are published together in a volume titled ''Mundus Alter et Idem'' – the first time, though not the last, that the two works will be bound together.
==New books==
===Prose===
*Sir [[Thomas Browne]] – ''[[Religio Medici]]'' (first "authorized" edition, after two unauthorized in the previous year)
*Sir [[Kenelm Digby]] – ''Observations Upon Religio Medici''
*[[Philip Hunton]] – ''A Treatise of Monarchie''
*[[John Milton]] – ''Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce''
*[[Roger Williams]] – ''[[A Key into the Language of America]]''
*[[Pedro Agerre]] (Axular) – ''[[Gero (book)|Gero]]''
===Drama===
*[[Pierre Corneille]]
**''Le Menteur''
**''[[Polyeucte]]''
*Sir [[William Davenant]] – ''The Unfortunate Lovers'' published
*[[Claude de L'Estoile]] – ''La Belle Esclave'' (The Beautiful Slave)
*[[Francisco de Quevedo]]
**''Entremés de las sombras''
**''La mujer de Peribáñez''
===Poetry===
*''Ramillete gracioso''
*[[Antoine Girard de Saint-Amant]] – ''Albion''
==Births==
*[[March 26]] – [[Louis Moréri]], French encyclopedist and priest (died [[1680 in literature|1680]])
*[[September 18]] – [[Gilbert Burnet]], Scottish historian and bishop (died [[1715 in literature|1715]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=T. E. S. Clarke|author2=H. C. Foxcroft|title=A Life of Gilbert Burnet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5f0GBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA11|date=2 April 2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-49501-2|pages=11}}</ref>
*[[November 1]] – [[John Strype]], English historian, biographer and cleric (died [[1737 in literature|1737]])
*[[November 16]] – [[Jean Chardin]], French travel writer (died [[1713 in literature|1713]])
*''unknown date'' – [[Thomas Rymer]], English [[Historiographer Royal (England)|Historiographer Royal]] (died [[1713 in literature|1713]])
==Deaths==
*[[February 9]] – [[Sidney Godolphin (poet)|Sidney Godolphin]], English poet (born [[1610 in literature|1610]])
*[[April 4]] – [[Simon Episcopius]], Dutch theologian (born [[1583 in literature|1583]])
*[[April 12]] – [[Nicolaus Hunnius]], German theologian (born [[1585 in literature|1585]])
*[[April 20]] – [[Christoph Demantius]], German poet and composer (born [[1567 in literature|1567]])
*[[November 29]] – [[William Cartwright (dramatist)|William Cartwright]], English poet, dramatist and cleric (born [[1611 in literature|1611]])
*''unknown dates''
**[[Abraham Azulai]], Moroccan-born [[Kabbalah|Kabbalistic]] author (born c. 1570)
**[[Thomas Master (died 1643)|Thomas Master]], English poet, translator and cleric (born [[1603 in literature|1603]])
**[[Pedro de Oña]], Chilean poet (born [[1570 in literature|1570]])
*''probable''
**[[Mícheál Ó Cléirigh]], Irish chronicler (born c. 1590)
**[[Henry Glapthorne]], English dramatist (born [[1610 in literature|1610]])
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Year in literature article categories}}
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# 1646
1646 (MDCXLVI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1646th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 646th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 17th century, and the 7th year of the 1640s decade. As of the start of 1646, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+(-10(X)+50(L))+5(V)+1(I) = 1646).
## Events
### January–March
- January 5 – The English House of Commons approves a bill to provide for Ireland to be governed by a single Englishman.
- January 9 – Battle of Bovey Heath in Devonshire: Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army surprises and routs the Royalist camp of Lord Wentworth.
- January 19 – Sir Richard Grenville, 1st Baronet, a Royalist fighting for Prince Charles against Oliver Cromwell's Commonwealth, is imprisoned for insubordination after proposing to make Cornwall self-governing in order to win Cornish support for the Royalists. After being incarcerated at the tidal island of St Michael's Mount off of the coast of Cornwall, he is allowed to escape in March to avoid capture by Cromwell's troops.
- January 20 – Francesco Molin is elected as the 99th Doge of Venice after 23 ballots, and governs the Venetian Republic for nine years until his death in 1655.
- January 21 – Philip Sidney, 3rd Earl of Leicester is approved by England's House of Commons as the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
- February 16 – First English Civil War – Battle of Torrington: A decisive Parliamentary victory is gained over the Royalists.[1]
- February 28 – Roger Scott is tried in Massachusetts for sleeping in church.
- March 2 – The future Charles II of England escapes from Cornwall into exile across the English Channel.
- March 6 – Joseph Jenkes obtains the first colonial machine patent, in Massachusetts.
- March 15 – Start of the Battles of La Naval de Manila, a series of five naval battles fought between the Dutch Republic and Spain in the waters of the Philippines.
### April–June
- April 24 – The Union of Uzhorod brings the Ruthenian Greek Orthodox Church into the fold of the Catholic Church while allowing it to retain its Eastern and Rusyn character.
- April 27 – King Charles I of England flees from Oxford (where he has been overwintering) in disguise and begins his journey to the Scottish army camp near Newark.
- May 5 – King Charles I of England surrenders his forces to a Scottish army at Southwell, Nottinghamshire.[2]
- May 6 – American colonial poet Anne Bradstreet becomes a founding mother of Andover Parish (modern-day North Andover), Massachusetts.
- May 30 – Eighty Years' War: Habsburg Spain and the Dutch Republic sign a temporary cease-fire.
- June 20 – Third Siege of Oxford concludes with signing of the surrender of the Royalist garrison at Oxford to General Thomas Fairfax's Parliamentary New Model Army; on the 24th of June the main force marches out, ending the First English Civil War.[2][3]
### July–September
- July 7 – The populist political movement called the Levellers appears in England with the publication of the Levellers manifesto, A Remonstrance of Many Thousand Citizens by Richard Overton and William Walwyn.[4]
- July 12 – Lightning strikes the gunpowder tower of the castle of Bredevoort in the Netherlands, causing an explosion that destroys parts of the castle and the town, killing Lord Haersolte of Bredevoort and his family, as well as others. Only one son, Anthonie, who is not home that day, survives.[5]
- July 30 – Commissioners of the Parliament of England and Scottish Covenanters meeting in Newcastle upon Tyne set out the Heads of Proposals ("Newcastle Propositions") demanding that King Charles I gives up control of the army and place restrictions on Catholics, as the basis for a constitutional settlement.[2]
- August 19
- The Westminster Assembly of Divines, meeting in London, approves a resolution to begin the drawing up of the Westminster Confession of Faith, declaring that "These heads of Faith, Repentance, and Good Works shall be referred to the three Committees in their order to prepare something upon them for the Confession of Faith.";[6] the draft is printed and sent to the Parliament of England in December.
- First English Civil War: Raglan Castle in Wales surrenders to General Fairfax after a 2-month siege; it is later destroyed.[7]
- September 16 – The new Orange College of Breda opens at Breda in the Dutch Republic.
### October–December
- October 10 – France takes Dunkirk from the Spanish Netherlands for the first time.
- October 28 – The first Protestant church assembly for Native Americans (specifically, the Waban people) is held in Massachusetts.
- October 9 – The Anglican episcopacy is formally abolished by an act of England's Parliament.[8][9]
- November 4 – Massachusetts Bay Colony enacts the death penalty as punishment for denying Biblical inspiration.
- November 16 – Following up on the abolition of the episcopacy, Parliament passes an act to sell the bishops' lands across the Commonwealth.[8]
- December 7 – Countess Louise Henriette of Nassau marries Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, on her 19th birthday at The Hague.
- December 23 – The Covenanters hand over King Charles I of England to the Parliamentarians.[2]
## Births
### January–March
- January 1 – David Makeléer, Swedish politician (d. 1708)
- January 6 – Jan Van Cleef, Flemish painter (d. 1716)
- February 4 – Hans Erasmus Aßmann, German statesman and poet from the second Silesian school (d. 1699)
- February 10 – Hans Adam Weissenkircher, Austrian painter (d. 1695)
- February 17 – Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert, French economist (d. 1714)
- February 23 – Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shōgun (d. 1709)
- March 19 – Michael Kongehl, German poet and hymnwriter (d. 1710)
- March 25 – Niels Jonsson Stromberg af Clastorp, Swedish noble (d. 1723)
### April–June
- April 1 – Hermann Otto II of Limburg Stirum, German army commander (d. 1704)
- April 4 – Antoine Galland, French orientalist and archaeologist (d. 1715)
- April 6 – Henry Goring, English politician (d. 1685)
- April 12 – Pietro Dandini, Italian painter (d. 1712)
- April 15 – King Christian V of Denmark (d. 1699)
- April 16 – Jules Hardouin-Mansart, French Baroque architect (d. 1708)
- April 20
- Giacinto Calandrucci, Italian painter (d. 1707)
- Charles Plumier, French botanist (d. 1704)
- May 12 – George IV, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (1672–1678) (d. 1678)
- May 29 – Isaac Johannes Lamotius, Dutch Governor of Mauritius (d. 1718)
- June 5 – Elena Cornaro Piscopia, Venetian philosopher of noble descent (d. 1684)
- June 6 – Hortense Mancini, favourite Italian niece of Cardinal Mazarin (d. 1699)
- June 21 – Maria Francisca of Savoy (d. 1683)
- June 30 – Paul Hermann, German botanist (d. 1695)
### July–September
- July 1 – Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, German philosopher, scientist, and mathematician (d. 1716)[10]
- July 9 – Zeger Bernhard van Espen, Belgian jurist (d. 1728)
- July 15 – Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1675–1691) (d. 1691)
- July 20
- François Vaillant de Gueslis, Jesuit missionary (d. 1718)
- Eusèbe Renaudot, French theologian and orientalist (d. 1720)
- July 24 – Madeleine Boullogne, French painter (d. 1710)
- July 29 – Johann Theile, German composer and organist (d. 1724)
- August 2
- Jean-Baptiste du Casse, French admiral and buccaneer (d. 1715)
- John Lauder, Lord Fountainhall, Scottish jurist (d. 1722)
- August 8
- Godfrey Kneller, German-born painter (d. 1723)[11]
- Eleonore Charlotte of Saxe-Lauenburg-Franzhagen, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen (d. 1709)
- August 12 – Louise Elisabeth of Courland, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1690)
- August 16 – Juan Francisco de Padilla y San Martín, Spanish Catholic prelate, Bishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Bishop of Puerto Rico (d. 1700)
- August 19 – John Flamsteed, British astronomer (d. 1719)
- August 24 – Roger Boyle, 2nd Earl of Orrery, Member of the Irish House of Commons (d. 1682)
- August 28 – Tsugaru Nobumasa, Japanese daimyō (d. 1710)
- September 16 – Juan Romero de Figueroa, Spanish priest (d. 1720)
### October–December
- October 3 – Joseph Parrocel, French Baroque painter (d. 1704)
- October 7 – Charles Honoré d'Albert, duc de Luynes, French noble (d. 1712)
- October 10 – Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné, French countess (d. 1705)
- November 8 – Cresheld Draper, English politician (d. 1694)
- November 9 – John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater, English politician (d. 1701)
- November 27 – Edward Howard, 2nd Earl of Carlisle, English politician (d. 1692)
- December 4 – Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon, Marshal of France in the reign of Louis XIV and Louis XV (d. 1730)
- December 26
- Robert Bolling, wealthy early American settler, planter and merchant (d. 1709)
- Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans, French noble (d. 1696)
## Deaths
- January 3 – Francesco Erizzo, Doge of Venice (b. 1566)
- January 4 – Gaspard III de Coligny, Marshal of France (b. 1584)
- January 6 – Elias Holl, German architect (b. 1573)
- January 18 – Hosokawa Tadaoki, Japanese daimyō (b. 1563)
- February 4 – Johannes Polyander, Dutch theologian (b. 1568)
- March 11 – Stanisław Koniecpolski, Polish soldier and statesman (b. c. 1592)
- April 10 – Santino Solari, Swiss architect and sculptor (b. 1576)
- May 13 – Maria Anna of Spain (b. 1606)
- June 14 – Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé, French admiral (b. 1619)
- June 23 – Jakub Sobieski, Polish noble (b. 1590)
- June 27 – Achille d'Étampes de Valençay, Knight of Malta (b. 1593)
- June 29
- Laughlin Ó Cellaigh, Gaelic-Irish Lord
- Jan Reynst, Dutch art collector (b. 1601)
- June 30 – Philip Powell, Welsh martyr (b. 1594)[12]
- July 13 – Roger de Saint-Lary de Termes, French noble (b. 1562)
- July 25 – Maria Caterina Farnese, Duchess of Modena and Reggio (b. 1615)
- August 9 – Margherita Aldobrandini, Parmesan regent (b. 1588)
- August 19 – Alexander Henderson, Scottish theologian (b. c. 1583)
- September 1 – Francis Windebank, English statesman (b. 1582)
- September 9 – Mu Zeng, Chinese politician (b. 1587)
- September 11
- Antonio Marcello Barberini, Italian cardinal and the younger brother of Maffeo Barberini (b. 1569)
- Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza (b. 1612)
- September 14 – Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (b. 1591)[13]
- September 17 – Erycius Puteanus, Dutch humanist and philologist (b. 1574)
- September 24 – Duarte Lobo, Portuguese composer (b. c. 1565)[14]
- October 3 – Virgilio Mazzocchi, Italian Baroque composer (b. 1597)
- October 4 – Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English statesman (b. 1586)
- October 9 – Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias (b. 1629)
- October 12 – François de Bassompierre, Marshal of France (b. 1579)
- October 18 – Isaac Jogues, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1607)
- October 28 – William Dobson, English painter (b. 1610)
- November 4 – Louis Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (b. 1581)
- November 29 – Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer (b. 1565)
- December 22 – Peter Mohyla, Moldavian Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia (b. 1596)
- December 26 – Henri, Prince of Condé (b. 1588)
- December 28 – François Maynard, French poet (b. 1582)
- date unknown – Lady Ann Cunningham, Scottish noble and army leader (b. c. 1580)
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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1646}}
{{Year nav|1646}}
[[File:Charles I Lami Louvre Inv5579.jpg|300px|thumb|[[December 23]]: ''[[Charles I Receiving a Rose]]'' by [[Eugène Lami]]. Deposed King [[Charles I of England]] is imprisoned at [[Carisbrooke Castle]] after being turned over to the forces of General [[Oliver Cromwell]].]]
{{C17 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1646}} It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000('''M''')+500('''D''')+100('''C''')+(-10('''X''')+50('''L'''))+5('''V''')+1('''I''') = 1646).
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== January–March ===
* [[January 5]] – The English House of Commons approves a bill to provide for Ireland to be governed by a single Englishman.
* [[January 9]] – [[Battle of Bovey Heath]] in Devonshire: Oliver Cromwell's [[New Model Army]] surprises and routs the Royalist camp of [[Thomas Wentworth, 5th Baron Wentworth|Lord Wentworth]].
* [[January 19]] – [[Sir Richard Grenville, 1st Baronet]], a Royalist fighting for Prince Charles against Oliver Cromwell's Commonwealth, is imprisoned for insubordination after proposing to make [[Cornwall]] self-governing in order to win Cornish support for the Royalists. After being incarcerated at the tidal island of [[St Michael's Mount]] off of the coast of Cornwall, he is allowed to escape in March to avoid capture by Cromwell's troops.
* [[January 20]] – [[Francesco Molin]] is elected as the 99th [[Doge of Venice]] after 23 ballots, and governs the Venetian Republic for nine years until his death in 1655.
* [[January 21]] – [[Philip Sidney, 3rd Earl of Leicester]] is approved by England's House of Commons as the [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]].
* [[February 16]] – [[First English Civil War]] – [[Battle of Torrington]]: A decisive [[Roundhead|Parliamentary]] victory is gained over the [[Cavalier|Royalist]]s.<ref>{{cite book | last = Edgar | first = F. T. R. | title = Sir Ralph Hopton: the King's man in the West (1642-1652): a study in character and command | publisher = Clarendon P | location = Oxford | year = 1968 | isbn = 9780198213727 | page=183 | language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 28]] – Roger Scott is tried in [[Massachusetts]] for sleeping in church.
* [[March 2]] – The future [[Charles II of England]] escapes from [[Cornwall]] into exile across the [[English Channel]].
* [[March 6]] – Joseph Jenkes obtains the first colonial machine patent, in Massachusetts.
* [[March 15]] – Start of the [[Battles of La Naval de Manila]], a series of five naval battles fought between the [[Dutch Republic]] and [[Spain]] in the waters of the [[Philippines]].
=== April–June ===
* [[April 24]] – The [[Union of Uzhhorod|Union of Uzhorod]] brings the [[Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church|Ruthenian Greek Orthodox Church]] into the fold of the [[Catholic Church]] while allowing it to retain its [[Byzantine Rite|Eastern]] and [[Rusyns|Rusyn]] character.
* [[April 27]] – King [[Charles I of England]] flees from [[Oxford]] (where he has been overwintering) in disguise and begins [[Charles I's journey from Oxford to the Scottish army camp near Newark|his journey to the Scottish army camp near Newark]].
* [[May 5]] – King Charles I of England surrenders his forces to a [[Scotland|Scottish]] army at [[Southwell, Nottinghamshire]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/261 261]|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/261}}</ref>
* [[May 6]] – American colonial poet [[Anne Bradstreet]] becomes a founding mother of Andover Parish (modern-day [[North Andover]]), Massachusetts.
* [[May 30]] – [[Eighty Years' War]]: [[Habsburg Spain]] and the [[Dutch Republic]] sign a temporary cease-fire.
* [[June 20]] – Third [[Siege of Oxford]] concludes with signing of the surrender of the [[Cavalier|Royalist]] garrison at [[Oxford]] to General [[Thomas Fairfax]]'s Parliamentary [[New Model Army]]; on the 24th of June the main force marches out, ending the [[First English Civil War]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Civil War: Surrender of Oxford|url=http://oxonblueplaques.org.uk/plaques/civil_war.html|work=Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Scheme|publisher=Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board|year=2013|access-date=2014-10-10}}</ref>
=== July–September ===
* [[July 7]] – The populist political movement called the [[Levellers]] appears in England with the publication of the Levellers manifesto, '' A Remonstrance of Many Thousand Citizens'' by Richard Overton and William Walwyn.<ref>Martin Loughlin, ''Political Jurisprudence'' (Oxford University Press, 2017)</ref>
* [[July 12]] – Lightning strikes the gunpowder tower of the castle of [[Bredevoort]] in the Netherlands, causing an explosion that destroys parts of the [[castle]] and the town, killing Lord Haersolte of Bredevoort and his family, as well as others. Only one son, Anthonie, who is not home that day, survives.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BywXAAAAYAAJ&q=bredevoort&pg=PA52|via=Google Books|title=Geldersche volks-Almanack ... met dedewerking van vele beoefenaars der geldersche geschiedenis|year=1868}}</ref>
* [[July 30]] – Commissioners of the [[Parliament of England]] and Scottish [[Covenanter]]s meeting in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] set out the [[Heads of Proposals]] ("Newcastle Propositions") demanding that [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] gives up control of the army and place restrictions on Catholics, as the basis for a constitutional settlement.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
* [[August 19]]
**The [[Westminster Assembly]] of Divines, meeting in London, approves a resolution to begin the drawing up of the [[Westminster Confession of Faith]], declaring that "These heads of Faith, Repentance, and Good Works shall be referred to the three Committees in their order to prepare something upon them for the Confession of Faith.";<ref>"The Making of the Westminster Confession, and Especially of Its Chapter on the Decree of God", ''The Presbyterian and Reformed Review'' (April 1901) p. 253</ref> the draft is printed and sent to the Parliament of England in December.
**[[First English Civil War]]: [[Raglan Castle]] in [[Wales]] surrenders to [[General Fairfax]] after a 2-month siege; it is later destroyed.<ref>{{cite book | last = Manganiello | first = Stephen | title = The concise encyclopedia of the revolutions and wars of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1639-1660 | publisher = Scarecrow Press | location = Lanham, Md | year = 2004 | isbn = 9780810851009 | page=450 | language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 16]] – The new [[Orange College of Breda]] opens at [[Breda]] in the [[Dutch Republic]].
=== October–December ===
* [[October 10]] – France takes [[Dunkirk]] from the [[Spanish Netherlands]] for the first time.
* [[October 28]] – The first [[Protestant]] church assembly for Native Americans (specifically, the [[Waban]] people) is held in Massachusetts.
* [[October 9]] – The Anglican [[episcopacy]] is formally abolished by an act of England's Parliament.<ref name=Richardson>M. A. Richardson, ''The Local Historian's Table Book of Remarkable Occurrences... Connected with the Counties of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Northumberland, and Durham'' (M. A. Richardson, 1841) p. 277</ref><ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title= The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=181–182|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[November 4]] – [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] enacts the death penalty as punishment for denying [[Biblical inspiration]].
* [[November 16]] – Following up on the abolition of the episcopacy, Parliament passes an act to sell the bishops' lands across the Commonwealth.<ref name=Richardson/>
* [[December 7]] – [[Countess Louise Henriette of Nassau]] marries [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg]], on her 19th birthday at The Hague.
* [[December 23]] – The [[Covenanter]]s hand over King [[Charles I of England]] to the Parliamentarians.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
</onlyinclude>
== Births ==
[[File:Christian-5-profilny.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Christian V of Denmark]]]]
[[File:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Bernhard Christoph Francke.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]]]]
[[File:John Flamsteed 1702.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[John Flamsteed]]]]
=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]] – [[David Makeléer]], Swedish politician (d. [[1708]])
* [[January 6]] – [[Jan Van Cleef]], Flemish painter (d. [[1716]])
* [[February 4]] – [[Hans Erasmus Aßmann]], German statesman and poet from the second Silesian school (d. [[1699]])
* [[February 10]] – [[Hans Adam Weissenkircher]], Austrian painter (d. [[1695]])
* [[February 17]] – [[Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert]], French economist (d. [[1714]])
* [[February 23]] – [[Tokugawa Tsunayoshi]], Japanese shōgun (d. [[1709]])
* [[March 19]] – [[Michael Kongehl]], German poet and hymnwriter (d. [[1710]])
* [[March 25]] – [[Niels Jonsson Stromberg af Clastorp]], Swedish noble (d. [[1723]])
=== April–June ===
* [[April 1]] – [[Hermann Otto II of Limburg Stirum]], German army commander (d. [[1704]])
* [[April 4]] – [[Antoine Galland]], French orientalist and archaeologist (d. [[1715]])
* [[April 6]] – [[Henry Goring (1646–1685)|Henry Goring]], English politician (d. [[1685]])
* [[April 12]] – [[Pietro Dandini]], Italian painter (d. [[1712]])
* [[April 15]] – King [[Christian V of Denmark]] (d. [[1699]])
* [[April 16]] – [[Jules Hardouin-Mansart]], French Baroque architect (d. [[1708]])
* [[April 20]]
** [[Giacinto Calandrucci]], Italian painter (d. [[1707]])
** [[Charles Plumier]], French botanist (d. [[1704]])
* [[May 12]] – [[George IV, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau]] (1672–1678) (d. [[1678]])
* [[May 29]] – [[Isaac Johannes Lamotius]], Dutch Governor of Mauritius (d. [[1718]])
* [[June 5]] – [[Elena Cornaro Piscopia]], Venetian philosopher of noble descent (d. [[1684]])
* [[June 6]] – [[Hortense Mancini]], favourite Italian niece of Cardinal Mazarin (d. [[1699]])
* [[June 21]] – [[Maria Francisca of Savoy]] (d. [[1683]])
* [[June 30]] – [[Paul Hermann (botanist)|Paul Hermann]], German botanist (d. [[1695]])
=== July–September ===
* [[July 1]] – [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]], German philosopher, scientist, and mathematician (d. [[1716]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Carty | first = Anthony | title = Morality and responsibility of rulers : European and Chinese origins of a rule of law as justice for world order | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | year = 2018 | isbn = 9780199670055 | page=226 | language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 9]] – [[Zeger Bernhard van Espen]], Belgian jurist (d. [[1728]])
* [[July 15]] – [[Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]] (1675–1691) (d. [[1691]])
* [[July 20]]
** [[François Vaillant de Gueslis]], Jesuit missionary (d. [[1718]])
** [[Eusèbe Renaudot]], French theologian and orientalist (d. [[1720]])
* [[July 24]] – [[Madeleine Boullogne]], French painter (d. [[1710]])
* [[July 29]] – [[Johann Theile]], German composer and organist (d. [[1724]])
* [[August 2]]
** [[Jean-Baptiste du Casse]], French admiral and buccaneer (d. [[1715]])
** [[John Lauder, Lord Fountainhall]], Scottish jurist (d. [[1722]])
* [[August 8]]
** [[Godfrey Kneller]], German-born painter (d. [[1723]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Michael Morris|title=Sir Godfrey Kneller and His Times, 1646-1723: Being a Review of English Portraiture of the Period|publisher=Batsford|year=1948|page=1|language=en}}</ref>
** [[Eleonore Charlotte of Saxe-Lauenburg-Franzhagen]], Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen (d. [[1709]])
* [[August 12]] – [[Louise Elisabeth of Courland]], Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (d. [[1690]])
* [[August 16]] – [[Juan Francisco de Padilla y San Martín]], Spanish Catholic prelate, Bishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Bishop of Puerto Rico (d. [[1700]])
* [[August 19]] – [[John Flamsteed]], British astronomer (d. [[1719]])
* [[August 24]] – [[Roger Boyle, 2nd Earl of Orrery]], Member of the Irish House of Commons (d. [[1682]])
* [[August 28]] – [[Tsugaru Nobumasa]], Japanese daimyō (d. [[1710]])
* [[September 16]] – [[Juan Romero de Figueroa]], Spanish priest (d. [[1720]])
=== October–December ===
* [[October 3]] – [[Joseph Parrocel]], French Baroque painter (d. [[1704]])
* [[October 7]] – [[Charles Honoré d'Albert, duc de Luynes]], French noble (d. [[1712]])
* [[October 10]] – [[Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné]], French countess (d. [[1705]])
* [[November 8]] – [[Cresheld Draper]], English politician (d. [[1694]])
* [[November 9]] – [[John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater]], English politician (d. [[1701]])
* [[November 27]] – [[Edward Howard, 2nd Earl of Carlisle]], English politician (d. [[1692]])
* [[December 4]] – [[Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon]], Marshal of France in the reign of [[Louis XIV]] and Louis XV (d. [[1730]])
* [[December 26]]
** [[Robert Bolling]], wealthy early American settler, planter and merchant (d. [[1709]])
** [[Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans]], French noble (d. [[1696]])
== Deaths ==
[[File:Stanisław Koniecpolski.PNG|thumb|right|110px|[[Stanisław Koniecpolski]]]]
[[File:Erycius Puteanus by Anthony van Dyck.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Erycius Puteanus]]]]
* [[January 3]] – [[Francesco Erizzo]], Doge of Venice (b. [[1566]])
* [[January 4]] – [[Gaspard III de Coligny]], Marshal of France (b. [[1584]])
* [[January 6]] – [[Elias Holl]], German architect (b. [[1573]])
* [[January 18]] – [[Hosokawa Tadaoki]], Japanese daimyō (b. [[1563]])
* [[February 4]] – [[Johannes Polyander]], Dutch theologian (b. [[1568]])
* [[March 11]] – [[Stanisław Koniecpolski]], Polish soldier and statesman (b. c. [[1592]])
* [[April 10]] – [[Santino Solari]], Swiss architect and sculptor (b. [[1576]])
* [[May 13]] – [[Maria Anna of Spain]] (b. [[1606]])
* [[June 14]] – [[Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé]], French admiral (b. [[1619]])
* [[June 23]] – [[Jakub Sobieski]], Polish noble (b. [[1590]])
* [[June 27]] – [[Achille d'Étampes de Valençay]], Knight of Malta (b. [[1593]])
* [[June 29]]
** [[Laughlin Ó Cellaigh]], Gaelic-Irish Lord
** [[Jan Reynst]], Dutch art collector (b. [[1601]])
* [[June 30]] – [[Philip Powell (martyr)|Philip Powell]], Welsh martyr (b. [[1594]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Downside Review, Volumes 47–48|publisher=Downside Abbey|year=1978|page=2|language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 13]] – [[Roger de Saint-Lary de Termes]], French noble (b. [[1562]])
* [[July 25]] – [[Maria Caterina Farnese]], Duchess of Modena and Reggio (b. [[1615]])
* [[August 9]] – [[Margherita Aldobrandini]], Parmesan regent (b. [[1588]])
* [[August 19]] – [[Alexander Henderson (theologian)|Alexander Henderson]], Scottish theologian (b. c. [[1583]])
* [[September 1]] – [[Francis Windebank]], English statesman (b. [[1582]])
* [[September 9]] – [[Mu Zeng]], Chinese politician (b. [[1587]])
* [[September 11]]
** [[Antonio Marcello Barberini]], Italian cardinal and the younger brother of Maffeo Barberini (b. [[1569]])
** [[Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma]] and Piacenza (b. [[1612]])
* [[September 14]] – [[Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex]], English Civil War general (b. [[1591]])<ref>{{cite book|author= Vernon F. Snow|title=Essex the rebel; the life of Robert Devereux, the third Earl of Essex, 1591-1646|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=1970|page=487|language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 17]] – [[Erycius Puteanus]], Dutch humanist and philologist (b. [[1574]])
* [[September 24]] – [[Duarte Lobo]], Portuguese composer (b. c. [[1565]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Paul E. Eisler|title=World Chronology of Music History: 1594-1684|publisher=Oceana Publications|year=1972|page=316}}</ref>
* [[October 3]] – [[Virgilio Mazzocchi]], Italian Baroque composer (b. [[1597]])
* [[October 4]] – [[Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel]], English statesman (b. [[1586]])
* [[October 9]] – [[Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias]] (b. [[1629]])
* [[October 12]] – [[François de Bassompierre]], Marshal of France (b. [[1579]])
* [[October 18]] – [[Isaac Jogues]], French Jesuit missionary (b. [[1607]])
* [[October 28]] – [[William Dobson]], English painter (b. [[1610]])
* [[November 4]] – [[Louis Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]] (b. [[1581]])
* [[November 29]] – [[Laurentius Paulinus Gothus]], Swedish theologian and astronomer (b. [[1565]])
* [[December 22]] – [[Peter Mohyla]], Moldavian Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia (b. [[1596]])
* [[December 26]] – [[Henri, Prince of Condé (1588–1646)|Henri, Prince of Condé]] (b. [[1588]])
* [[December 28]] – [[François Maynard]], French poet (b. [[1582]])
* ''date unknown'' – [[Lady Ann Cunningham]], Scottish noble and army leader (b. c. [[1580]])
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1646}}
[[Category:1646| ]]
| 1,279,668,967 |
[{"title": "1646 in various calendars", "data": {"Gregorian calendar": "1646 \u00b7 MDCXLVI", "Ab urbe condita": "2399", "Armenian calendar": "1095 \u00b7 \u0539\u054e \u054c\u0542\u0535", "Assyrian calendar": "6396", "Balinese saka calendar": "1567\u20131568", "Bengali calendar": "1052\u20131053", "Berber calendar": "2596", "English Regnal year": "21 Cha. 1 \u2013 22 Cha. 1", "Buddhist calendar": "2190", "Burmese calendar": "1008", "Byzantine calendar": "7154\u20137155", "Chinese calendar": "\u4e59\u9149\u5e74 (Wood Rooster) \u00b7 4343 or 4136 \u00b7 \u2014 to \u2014 \u00b7 \u4e19\u620c\u5e74 (Fire Dog) \u00b7 4344 or 4137", "Coptic calendar": "1362\u20131363", "Discordian calendar": "2812", "Ethiopian calendar": "1638\u20131639", "Hebrew calendar": "5406\u20135407", "- Vikram Samvat": "1702\u20131703", "- Shaka Samvat": "1567\u20131568", "- Kali Yuga": "4746\u20134747", "Holocene calendar": "11646", "Igbo calendar": "646\u2013647", "Iranian calendar": "1024\u20131025", "Islamic calendar": "1055\u20131056", "Japanese calendar": "Sh\u014dh\u014d 3 \u00b7 (\u6b63\u4fdd\uff13\u5e74)", "Javanese calendar": "1567\u20131568", "Julian calendar": "Gregorian minus 10 days", "Korean calendar": "3979", "Minguo calendar": "266 before ROC \u00b7 \u6c11\u524d266\u5e74", "Nanakshahi calendar": "178", "Thai solar calendar": "2188\u20132189", "Tibetan calendar": "\u9634\u6728\u9e21\u5e74 \u00b7 (female Wood-Rooster) \u00b7 1772 or 1391 or 619 \u00b7 \u2014 to \u2014 \u00b7 \u9633\u706b\u72d7\u5e74 \u00b7 (male Fire-Dog) \u00b7 1773 or 1392 or 620"}}]
| false |
# 1910 Swiss electoral system referendum
A referendum on the electoral system was held in Switzerland on 23 October 1910. Voters were asked whether they approved of introducing proportional representation for National Council elections. Although the proposal was approved by a majority of cantons, it was rejected by 52.5% of voters. This was the second such referendum, after the one in 1900 also failed. However, a third referendum on the same issue was held in 1918, and passed with 66.8% in favour.
## Background
The referendum was a public initiative, which required a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half.
## Results
| Choice | Popular vote | Popular vote | Cantons | Cantons | Cantons |
| Choice | Votes | % | Full | Half | Total |
| ------------------------- | ------------ | ------------ | ------- | ------- | ------- |
| For | 240,305 | 47.5 | 10 | 4 | 12 |
| Against | 265,194 | 52.5 | 9 | 2 | 10 |
| Blank votes | 6,064 | – | – | – | – |
| Invalid votes | 1,971 | – | – | – | – |
| Total | 513,534 | 100 | 19 | 6 | 22 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 823,679 | 62.3 | – | – | – |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | | | | | |
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{{Expand German|date=November 2022|topic=gov}}
{{infobox referendum
|date=23 October 1910
|country=Switzerland
|title=Federal popular initiative ''"for the proportional representation of the National Council"''
|yes=240,305
|no=265,194
|invalid=8,035
|electorate=823,679
|outcome=
}}
{{Politics of Switzerland}}
A referendum on the electoral system was held in [[Switzerland]] on 23 October 1910.<ref name=NS>[[Dieter Nohlen|Nohlen, D]] & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1907 {{ISBN|9783832956097}}</ref> Voters were asked whether they approved of introducing [[proportional representation]] for [[National Council of Switzerland|National Council]] elections.<ref name=NS/> Although the proposal was approved by a majority of cantons, it was rejected by 52.5% of voters.<ref name=NS/> This was the second such referendum, after the [[1900 Swiss referendums|one in 1900]] also failed. However, a [[1918 Swiss referendums|third referendum]] on the same issue was held in 1918, and passed with 66.8% in favour.<ref name=NS/>
==Background==
The referendum was a public initiative,<ref name=NS/> which required a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons.<ref name=N2>Nohlen & Stöver, p1891</ref> The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton.<ref name=N2/> Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half.<ref name=N2/>
==Results==
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!rowspan=2|Choice
!colspan=2|Popular vote
!colspan=3|Cantons
|-
!Votes
!%
!Full
!Half
!Total
|-
|align=left|For||240,305||47.5||10||4||12
|-
|align=left|Against||265,194||52.5||9||2||10
|-
|align=left|Blank votes||6,064||–||–||–||–
|-
|align=left|Invalid votes||1,971||–||–||–||–
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''||'''513,534'''||'''100'''||'''19'''||'''6'''||'''22'''
|-
|align=left|Registered voters/turnout||823,679||62.3||–||–||–
|-
|align=left colspan=6|Source: Nohlen & Stöver
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Swiss elections}}
[[Category:1910 referendums]]
[[Category:1910 in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Referendums in Switzerland]]
| 1,198,268,314 |
[{"title": "Results", "data": {"Choice": "Votes \u00b7 %", "Yes": "240,305 \u00b7 47.54%", "No": "265,194 \u00b7 52.46%", "Valid votes": "505,499 \u00b7 98.44%", "Invalid or blank votes": "8,035 \u00b7 1.56%", "Total votes": "513,534 \u00b7 100.00%", "Registered voters/turnout": "823,679 \u00b7 62.35%"}}]
| false |
# 1793 in Sweden
Events from the year 1793 in Sweden
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Gustav IV Adolf
## Events
- 7 January - Ebel riots in Stockholm.
- 9 March - Riot among students in Scania.
- May - Reuterholm completes a defense treaty with revolutionary France.
- 18 December - Magdalena Rudenschöld is the first to be arrested when the Armfelt Conspiracy of the Gustavian Party against the guardian government is exposed.
- - The Royal Dramatic Theatre changes localities from the Bollhuset to Makalös in Stockholm, and the Bollhuset building is torn down.
- - The Royal Dramatic Training Academy is regulated and given its organization by Anne Marie Milan Desguillons and Joseph Sauze Desguillons.[1]
## Births
- 27 February - Elisabeth Frösslind, opera singer and actress (died 1861)
- 20 August - Ulrika Sofia De Geer, salonnière (died 1869)
- 14 October - Erik Johan Stagnelius, romantic poet (died 1823)
- 28 November - Carl Jonas Love Almqvist, romantic poet, early feminist, realist, composer, social critic and traveller (died 1866)
- 2 September - Caroline Ridderstolpe, composer (died 1878)
## Deaths
- 4 January - Bengt Lidner, poet (born 1757)
- 2 March – Carl Gustaf Pilo, painter (born 1711)
- 15 May - Peter Adolf Hall, painter (born 1739)
- 19 May – Jean Eric Rehn
- 5 July - Alexander Roslin, painter (born 1718)
- 10 August - Daniel Rolander, biologist and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus (born 1722)
- Maria Carowsky, painter (born 1723)
- Ingrid Maria Wenner, courtier (born 1731)
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{yearbox|
in?= in Sweden|
}}
[[File:Magdalena Charlotta Rudenschöld.jpg|thumb|Magdalena Charlotta Rudenschöld]]
[[File:Blå slussen 1790-tal.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Johan Tobias Sergel, självporträtt från 1793.jpg|thumb]]
Events from the year '''1793 in [[Sweden]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Swedish monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden|Gustav IV Adolf]]
==Events==
* 7 January - [[Ebelska upploppet|Ebel riots]] in Stockholm.
* 9 March - Riot among students in Scania.
* May - Reuterholm completes a defense treaty with revolutionary France.
* 18 December - [[Magdalena Rudenschöld]] is the first to be arrested when the [[Armfelt Conspiracy]] of the [[Gustavian Party]] against the guardian government is exposed.
* - The [[Royal Dramatic Theatre]] changes localities from the [[Bollhuset]] to [[Makalös]] in [[Stockholm]], and the Bollhuset building is torn down.
* - The [[Royal Dramatic Training Academy]] is regulated and given its organization by [[Anne Marie Milan Desguillons]] and Joseph Sauze Desguillons.<ref>Ingrid Luterkort: Om igen, herr Molander! Kungliga Dramatiska teaterns elevskola 1787–1964, 1998. {{ISBN|91-7031-085-8}}</ref>
==Births==
* 27 February - [[Elisabeth Frösslind]], opera singer and actress (died [[1861 in Sweden|1861]])
* 20 August - [[Ulrika Sofia De Geer]], salonnière (died [[1869 in Sweden|1869]])
* 14 October - [[Erik Johan Stagnelius]], romantic poet (died [[1823 in Sweden|1823]])
* 28 November - [[Carl Jonas Love Almqvist]], romantic poet, early feminist, realist, composer, social critic and traveller (died [[1866 in Sweden|1866]])
* 2 September - [[Caroline Ridderstolpe]], composer (died [[1878 in Sweden|1878]])
==Deaths==
* 4 January - [[Bengt Lidner]], poet (born [[1757 in Sweden|1757]])
* 2 March – [[Carl Gustaf Pilo]], painter (born [[1711 in Sweden|1711]])
* 15 May - [[Peter Adolf Hall]], painter (born [[1739 in Sweden|1739]])
* 19 May – [[Jean Eric Rehn]]
* 5 July - [[Alexander Roslin]], painter (born [[1718 in Sweden|1718]])
* 10 August - [[Daniel Rolander]], biologist and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus (born [[1722 in Sweden|1722]])
* [[Maria Carowsky]], painter (born [[1723 in Sweden|1723]])
* [[Ingrid Maria Wenner]], courtier (born [[1731 in Denmark|1731]])
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Year in Europe|1793}}
{{Years in Sweden}}
[[Category:1793 in Sweden| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in Sweden]]
[[Category:1793 by country|Sweden]]
{{Sweden-year-stub}}
| 1,279,557,428 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"Years in Sweden": "1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796", "Centuries": "17th century \u00b7 18th century \u00b7 19th century", "Decades": "1760s 1770s 1780s 1790s 1800s 1810s 1820s", "Years": "1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796"}}]
| false |
# 1789 in science
The year 1789 in science and technology involved some significant events.
## Anatomy
- Antonio Scarpa publishes Anatomicæ disquisitiones de auditu et olfactu, a classic treatise on the hearing and olfactory organs.[1]
## Astronomy
- August 28 and September 17 – William Herschel discovers Saturn's moons Enceladus and Mimas, which he describes to the Royal Society of London on November 12.[2]
- Maximilian Hell establishes the constellations Tubus Hershelli Major and Minor in honour of Herschel's discovery of Uranus (constellations obsolete by 1930).[3]
## Botany
- Erasmus Darwin publishes his poem The Loves of the Plants, a popular rendering of Linnaeus' works.
- Antoine Laurent de Jussieu publishes Genera Plantarum: secundum ordines naturales disposita, juxta methodum in Horto regio parisiensi exaratam, anno M.DCC.LXXIV, providing a basis for the system of natural classification of flowering plants largely still in use.[4]
## Chemistry
- Antoine Lavoisier's Traité élémentaire de chimie presents a unified view of new theories of chemistry, containing a clear statement of the law of conservation of mass, defining the nature of elements and denying the existence of phlogiston. He also helps establish the scientific journal Annales de chimie which will still be published into the 21st century.
- German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth discovers the element Uranium while studying the mineral pitchblende.
## Exploration
- July 10 – Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Mackenzie River Delta.
## Mathematics
- The Slovene mathematician Jurij Vega presents his approximation of π to 140 decimal places of which the first 126 are correct,[5] a feat not exceeded for more than half a century.
## Medicine
- February 4 – James Parkinson gives the first description of human injury from lightning strikes, in a paper read to the Medical Society of London.
- Andrew Duncan delivers the first lectures on forensic medicine in Britain, at the University of Edinburgh.[6]
## Technology
- Rev. Dr. Edmund Cartwright patents his first practical power loom in England and designs a wool combing machine.
- William Wouldhave demonstrates a self-righting rescue lifeboat on the River Tyne in England.
## Zoology
- Swiss naturalist François Huber devises the "leaf hive" for the cultivation of honey bees.
## Awards
- Copley Medal: William Morgan[7]
## Births
- January 3 – Carl Gustav Carus, German physiologist and landscape painter (died 1869)
- February 26 – Eaton Hodgkinson, English structural engineer (died 1861)
- March 16 – Georg Ohm, German physicist (died 1854)
- August 21 – Augustin-Louis Cauchy, French mathematician (died 1857)
- September 4 – Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré, French botanist (died 1854)
- September 28 – Richard Bright, English physician (died 1858)
- October 8 – William Swainson, English naturalist (died 1855)
- October 25 – Heinrich Schwabe, German astronomer (died 1875)
## Deaths
- April 7 – Petrus Camper, Dutch comparative anatomist (born 1722)
- May 25 – Anders Dahl, Swedish botanist for whom the dahlia is named (born 1751)
- undated – Angélique du Coudray, French pioneer of modern midwifery (born 1712)
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1789|science}}
{{Science year nav|1789}}
The year '''1789 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events.
==Anatomy==
* [[Antonio Scarpa]] publishes ''Anatomicæ disquisitiones de auditu et olfactu'', a classic treatise on the hearing and olfactory organs.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Benjamin Ward|last=Richardson|title=Antonio Scarpa, F.R.S., and Surgical Anatomy|journal=The Asclepiad|year=1886|volume=4|issue=16|pages=128–157|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xVCQGjm3ZEC|accessdate=2008-06-10|publisher=Longmans, Green and Co.|location=London}}</ref>
==Astronomy==
* August 28 and September 17 – [[William Herschel]] discovers [[Saturn]]'s moons [[Enceladus]] and [[Mimas (moon)|Mimas]], which he describes to the [[Royal Society]] of London on November 12.<ref>{{cite journal|first=William|last=Herschel|title=Account of the Discovery of a Sixth and Seventh Satellite of the Planet Saturn; with Remarks on the Construction of its Ring, its Atmosphere, its Rotation on an Axis, and its spheroidical Figure|journal=[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]]|location=London|volume=80|date=1 January 1790|pages=1–20|doi=10.1098/rstl.1790.0001|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[Maximilian Hell]] establishes the [[constellation]]s ''[[Telescopium Herschelii|Tubus Hershelli Major]]'' and ''Minor'' in honour of Herschel's discovery of Uranus (constellations obsolete by 1930).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/telher.htm|title=Telescopium Herschelii|work=Star Tales|authorlink=Ian Ridpath|last=Ridpath|first=Ian|accessdate=2016-03-08}}</ref>
==Botany==
* [[Erasmus Darwin]] publishes his poem ''[[The Loves of the Plants]]'', a popular rendering of [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]' works.
* [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu]] publishes ''[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/7125 Genera Plantarum: secundum ordines naturales disposita, juxta methodum in Horto regio parisiensi exaratam, anno M.DCC.LXXIV]'', providing a basis for the system of natural classification of [[flowering plant]]s largely still in use.<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Jussieu, De |volume=15 |pages=593–4}}</ref>
==Chemistry==
* [[Antoine Lavoisier]]'s ''[[Traité Élémentaire de Chimie|Traité élémentaire de chimie]]'' presents a unified view of new theories of chemistry, containing a clear statement of the law of [[conservation of mass]], defining the nature of [[Chemical element|elements]] and denying the existence of [[phlogiston]]. He also helps establish the [[scientific journal]] ''[[Annales de chimie et de physique|Annales de chimie]]'' which will still be published into the 21st century.
* German chemist [[Martin Heinrich Klaproth]] discovers the element [[Uranium]] while studying the mineral [[pitchblende]].
==Exploration==
* July 10 – [[Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)|Alexander Mackenzie]] reaches the [[Mackenzie River]] Delta.
==Mathematics==
* The [[Slovenes|Slovene]] mathematician [[Jurij Vega]] presents his [[Approximations of π|approximation of π]] to 140 decimal places of which the first 126 are correct,<ref>{{cite journal|first=Géorge |last=Vega |title=Détermination de la Demi-Circonférence d'un Cercle |journal=Nova Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae |volume=9 |date=1789-08-20 |location=[[Saint Petersburg]] |publisher=[[Russian Academy of Sciences|Imperial Academy of Arts and Sciences]] |url=http://www.southernct.edu/~sandifer/Ed/History/Preprints/Talks/Jurij%20Vega/Vega%20math%20script.pdf |accessdate=2012-01-06 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204040635/http://www.southernct.edu/~sandifer/Ed/History/Preprints/Talks/Jurij%20Vega/Vega%20math%20script.pdf |archivedate=2012-02-04 }}</ref> a feat not exceeded for more than half a century.
==Medicine==
* February 4 – [[James Parkinson]] gives the first description of human injury from [[lightning strike]]s, in a paper read to the [[Medical Society of London]].
* [[Andrew Duncan (doctor)|Andrew Duncan]] delivers the first lectures on [[forensic medicine]] in Britain, at the [[University of Edinburgh]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Surgeons at the Bailey: English Forensic Medicine to 1878|last=Forbes|first=Thomas Rogers|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven|year=1985|isbn=978-0-300-03338-0|page=7}}</ref>
==Technology==
* Rev. Dr. [[Edmund Cartwright]] [[patent]]s his first practical [[power loom]] in England and designs a [[wool combing machine]].
* [[William Wouldhave]] demonstrates a self-righting [[Lifeboat (rescue)|rescue lifeboat]] on the [[River Tyne]] in England.
==Zoology==
* Swiss naturalist [[François Huber]] devises the "leaf [[Beehive|hive]]" for the cultivation of honey bees.
==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: [[William Morgan (actuary)|William Morgan]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=21 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
==Births==
* January 3 – [[Carl Gustav Carus]], German [[physiologist]] and landscape painter (died [[1869 in science|1869]])
* February 26 – [[Eaton Hodgkinson]], English [[structural engineer]] (died [[1861 in science|1861]])
* March 16 – [[Georg Ohm]], German [[physicist]] (died [[1854 in science|1854]])
* August 21 – [[Augustin-Louis Cauchy]], French [[mathematician]] (died [[1857 in science|1857]])
* September 4 – [[Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré]], French botanist (died [[1854 in science|1854]])
* September 28 – [[Richard Bright (physician)|Richard Bright]], English [[physician]] (died [[1858 in science|1858]])
* October 8 – [[William Swainson]], English [[naturalist]] (died [[1855 in science|1855]])
* October 25 – [[Heinrich Schwabe]], German [[astronomer]] (died [[1875 in science|1875]])
==Deaths==
* April 7 – [[Petrus Camper]], Dutch [[Comparative anatomy|comparative anatomist]] (born [[1722 in science|1722]])
* May 25 – [[Anders Dahl]], Swedish [[botanist]] for whom the [[dahlia]] is named (born [[1751 in science|1751]])
* ''undated'' – [[Angélique du Coudray]], French pioneer of modern [[midwifery]] (born [[1712 in science|1712]])
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1789 in science| ]]
[[Category:18th century in science]]
[[Category:1780s in science]]
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[]
| false |
# 1657 in Ireland
Events from the year 1657 in Ireland.
## Incumbent
- Lord Protector: Oliver Cromwell
## Events
- 8 June – the Parliament of England passes the Act of Settlement for the Assuring, Confirming and Settling of lands and estates in Ireland, confirming legal arrangements made under the Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652.
- 17 November – Henry Cromwell, son of Oliver Cromwell, appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.[1]
- Town of Skibbereen chartered.[citation needed]
## Deaths
- July – Ulick Burke, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde, nobleman and figure in English Civil War (b. 1604)
- Luke Wadding, Franciscan friar and historian (b. 1588)
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Irish English|date=May 2013}}
{{YearInIrelandNav | 1657 }}
Events from the year '''1657 in Ireland'''.
==Incumbent==
*[[Lord Protector#Cromwellian Commonwealth|Lord Protector]]: [[Oliver Cromwell]]
==Events==
* 8 June – the [[Parliament of England]] passes the [[Act of Settlement 1657|Act of Settlement]] ''for the Assuring, Confirming and Settling of lands and estates in Ireland'', confirming legal arrangements made under the [[Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652]].
* 17 November – [[Henry Cromwell]], son of [[Oliver Cromwell]], appointed [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/timelines/1657.htm|title=Timeline 1657|access-date=21 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509162328/http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/timelines/1657.htm|archive-date=9 May 2008<!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref>
* Town of [[Skibbereen]] chartered.{{fact|date=June 2020}}
==Births==
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}
==Deaths==
* July – [[Ulick Burke, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde]], nobleman and figure in English Civil War (b. [[1604 in Ireland|1604]])
* [[Luke Wadding]], Franciscan friar and historian (b. [[1588 in Ireland|1588]])
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Years in Ireland}}
{{Year in Europe|1657}}
[[Category:1657 in Ireland| ]]
[[Category:1650s in Ireland]]
[[Category:1657 by country|Ireland]]
[[Category:Years of the 17th century in Ireland]]
| 1,247,387,551 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1656 - 1655 - 1654 - 1653 - 1652": "1657 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Ireland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1658 - 1659 - 1660 - 1661 - 1662", "Centuries": "15th 16th 17th 18th 19th", "Decades": "1630s 1640s 1650s 1660s 1670s", "See also": "Other events of 1657 \u00b7 List of years in Ireland"}}]
| false |
# 1645 in music
The year 1645 in music involved some significant events.
## Events
- Juan Hidalgo de Polanco becomes leader of the chamber musicians at Spain's royal court.
## Publications
- Giovanni Battista Abatessa – Intessatura di varii fiori..., a collection of guitar music, published in Naples
## Classical music
- Girolamo Frescobaldi – Canzoni alla francese, a posthumous print
- Cornelis Thymanszoon Padbrué - 't Lof Jubals, Op. 4, a collection of madrigals and motets
## Opera
- Giovanni Faustini – Doriclea
## Births
- February 9 – Johann Aegidus Bach, organist and conductor (died 1716)
- February 22 (twins)
- Johann Ambrosius Bach, musician (died 1695)
- Johann Christoph Bach, musician (died 1693)
- November 30 – Andreas Werckmeister, organist and composer (died 1706)
## Deaths
- April 16 – Tobias Hume, soldier, viol player and composer (born c.1569)
- September 24 – William Lawes, English composer (born 1602)
- date unknown – William Smith, composer (born 1603)
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1645|music}}
The year '''1645 in [[music]]''' involved some significant events.
== Events ==
*[[Juan Hidalgo de Polanco]] becomes leader of the chamber musicians at Spain's royal court.
== Publications ==
*[[Giovanni Battista Abatessa]] – ''Intessatura di varii fiori...'', a collection of guitar music, published in [[Naples]]
== Classical music ==
* [[Girolamo Frescobaldi]] – ''Canzoni alla francese'', a posthumous print
* [[Cornelis Thymanszoon Padbrué]] - '' 't Lof Jubals'', Op. 4, a collection of madrigals and motets
==Opera==
*[[Giovanni Faustini]] – ''[[Doriclea (Cavalli)|Doriclea]]''
== Births ==
*[[February 9]] – [[Johann Aegidus Bach]], organist and conductor (died [[1716 in music|1716]])
*[[February 22]] (twins)
**[[Johann Ambrosius Bach]], musician (died [[1695 in music|1695]])
**[[Johann Christoph Bach (1645–93)|Johann Christoph Bach]], musician (died [[1693 in music|1693]])
*[[November 30]] – [[Andreas Werckmeister]], organist and composer (died [[1706 in music|1706]])
== Deaths ==
*[[April 16]] – [[Tobias Hume]], soldier, viol player and composer (born c.1569)
*[[September 24]] – [[William Lawes]], English composer (born [[1602 in music|1602]])
*''date unknown'' – [[William Smith (composer)|William Smith]], composer (born [[1603 in music|1603]])
[[Category:1645 in music| ]]
| 1,229,438,217 |
[]
| false |
# 1695 English general election
The 1695 English general election was the first to be held under the terms of the Triennial Act 1694, which required parliament to be dissolved and fresh elections called at least every three years. This measure helped to fuel partisan rivalry over the coming decades, with the electorate in a constant state of excitement and the Whigs and Tories continually trying to gain the upper hand. Despite the potential for manipulation of the electorate, as was seen under Robert Walpole and his successors, with general elections held an average of every other year, and local and central government positions frequently changing hands between parties, it was impossible for any party or government to be certain of electoral success in the period after 1694, and election results were consequently genuinely representative of the views of at least the section of the population able to vote.
The election of 1695, however, was comparatively quiet, being fought mainly on local issues. The new government led by the Whig junto made gains in most contested constituencies, and their party was returned with a narrow majority. The junto's support was not certain, however, as their policies increasingly alienated backbench 'country' Whigs, who were willing to co-operate with the Tories, and the government frequently ran into trouble in the House of Commons. Eighty-five constituencies were contested, 31% of the total.
Party strengths are an approximation, with many MPs' allegiances being unknown.
## Summary of the constituencies
See 1796 British general election for details. The constituencies used in England and Wales were the same throughout the period. In 1707 alone the 45 Scottish members were not elected from the constituencies, but were returned by co-option of a part of the membership of the last Parliament of Scotland elected before the Union.
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{{Short description|General election in England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1695 English general election
| country = Kingdom of England
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = [[1690 English general election|1690]]
| previous_year = [[1690 English general election|1690]]
| previous_mps =
| next_election = [[1698 English general election|1698]]
| next_year = [[1698 English general election|1698]]
| seats_for_election = All [[Unreformed House of Commons|513 seats]] in the [[House of Commons of England|House of Commons]] | majority_seats=257
| election_date = October – November 1695
<!-- Whig -->
| image1 =
| leader1 =
| leader_since1 =
| party1 = Whigs (British political party)
| leaders_seat1 =
| seats1 = '''257'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}}16
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
<!-- Tory -->
| image2 =
| leader2 =
| leader_since2 =
| party2 = Tories (British political party)
| leaders_seat2 =
| seats2 = 203
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}}40
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
}}
The '''1695 English general election''' was the first to be held under the terms of the [[Triennial Act 1694]], which required parliament to be dissolved and fresh elections called at least every three years. This measure helped to fuel partisan rivalry over the coming decades, with the electorate in a constant state of excitement and the [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]]s and [[Tory|Tories]] continually trying to gain the upper hand. Despite the potential for manipulation of the electorate, as was seen under [[Robert Walpole]] and his successors, with general elections held an average of every other year, and local and central government positions frequently changing hands between parties, it was impossible for any party or government to be certain of electoral success in the period after 1694, and election results were consequently genuinely representative of the views of at least the section of the population able to vote.
The election of 1695, however, was comparatively quiet, being fought mainly on local issues. The new government led by the [[Whig Junto|Whig junto]] made gains in most contested constituencies, and their party was returned with a narrow majority. The junto's support was not certain, however, as their policies increasingly alienated backbench 'country' Whigs, who were willing to co-operate with the Tories, and the government frequently ran into trouble in the House of Commons. Eighty-five constituencies were contested, 31% of the total.
[[File:English 1695.svg|thumb|258x258px|English Parliament of General Election 1695]]
Party strengths are an approximation, with many MPs' allegiances being unknown.
==Summary of the constituencies==
See [[1796 British general election]] for details. The constituencies used in England and Wales were the same throughout the period. In 1707 alone the 45 Scottish members were not elected from the constituencies, but were returned by co-option of a part of the membership of the last Parliament of Scotland elected before the Union.
==See also==
* [[3rd Parliament of King William III]]
* [[List of parliaments of England]]
==References==
*{{citation |series=The History of Parliament |title=The House of Commons, 1690–1715 |editor-first=Eveline |editor-last=Cruickshanks |editor2-first= Stuart |editor2-last=Handley |editor3-first=David |editor3-last=Hayton| publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= Cambridge |year= 2002}}
==External links==
* [http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/research/members/members-1690-1715 History of Parliament: Members 1690–1715]
* [http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/research/constituencies/constituencies-1690-1715 History of Parliament: Constituencies 1690–1715]
{{English elections}}
[[Category:17th-century elections in Europe]]
[[Category:1695 in politics]]
[[Category:Elections to the Parliament of England|1695]]
[[Category:1695 in England|General election]]
{{England-election-stub}}
| 1,237,882,981 |
[{"title": "1695 English general election", "data": {"\u2190 1690": "October \u2013 November 1695 \u00b7 1698 \u2192"}}, {"title": "All 513 seats in the House of Commons \u00b7 257 seats needed for a majority", "data": {"Party": "Whig \u00b7 Tory", "Seats won": "257 \u00b7 203", "Seat change": "16 \u00b7 40"}}]
| false |
# 1917–18 Hong Kong First Division League
The 1917–18 Hong Kong First Division League season was the 10th since its establishment.
## Overview
Royal Garrison Artillery won the championship.
|
enwiki/26172754
|
enwiki
| 26,172,754 |
1917–18 Hong Kong First Division League
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917%E2%80%9318_Hong_Kong_First_Division_League
|
2025-03-04T04:30:29Z
|
en
|
Q4560429
| 33,538 |
{{ infobox football league season
| image =
| caption =
| competition = [[Hong Kong First Division League|Hong Kong First Division]]
| season = 1917–18
| winners = Royal Garrison Artillery (5th title)
| promoted =
| relegated =
| continentalcup1 =
| continentalcup1 qualifiers =
| continentalcup2 =
| continentalcup2 qualifiers =
| matches =
| total goals =
| league topscorer =
| biggest home win =
| biggest away win =
| highest scoring =
| longest wins =
| longest unbeaten =
| longest winless =
| longest losses =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[1916–17 Hong Kong First Division League|1916–17]]
| nextseason = [[1918–19 Hong Kong First Division League|1918–19]]
| extra information =
}}
The '''1917–18 Hong Kong First Division League''' season was the 10th since its establishment.
==Overview==
Royal Garrison Artillery won the championship.
==References==
*[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesh/hkchamp.html RSSSF]
{{Hong Kong First Division League seasons}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hong Kong First Division League 1917-18}}
[[Category:Hong Kong First Division League seasons|1917-18]]
[[Category:1917–18 in Hong Kong football leagues|1]]
| 1,278,714,365 |
[{"title": "Hong Kong First Division", "data": {"Season": "1917\u201318", "Champions": "Royal Garrison Artillery (5th title)"}}]
| false |
# 1817 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
The 1817 election of the Speaker of the House of Commons occurred on 2 June 1817.
The incumbent Speaker Charles Abbot had resigned due to ill health.
Charles Manners-Sutton was proposed by Sir John Nicholl and seconded by E. J. Littleton.
Charles Williams-Wynn was proposed by William Dickinson and seconded by Sir Matthew White Ridley.
Both candidates addressed the House. A debate followed.
On the motion "That the Right Honourable Charles Manners Sutton do take the chair of this House as Speaker," Manners-Sutton was elected by 312 votes to 152 (Hansard gives the votes against as 150).
|
enwiki/62371253
|
enwiki
| 62,371,253 |
1817 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_Speaker_of_the_British_House_of_Commons_election
|
2024-10-30T12:45:53Z
|
en
|
Q85719850
| 37,097 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox election
| country = United Kingdom
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1802 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
| previous_year = 1802
| next_election = 1833 Speaker of the British House of Commons election
| next_year = 1833
| election_date = 2 June 1817
|1blank = Candidate's seat
| image1 = [[File:Charles Manners Sutton, 1st Viscount Canterbury by Henry William Pickersgill.jpg|160x160px|Charles Manners-Sutton]]
| candidate1 = '''[[Charles Manners-Sutton, 1st Viscount Canterbury|Charles Manners-Sutton]]'''
| party1 = Tories (British political party)
| 1data1 = [[Scarborough (UK Parliament constituency)|Scarborough]]
| popular_vote1 = '''312'''
| percentage1 = '''67.2%'''
| image2 = [[File:Charles Watkin Williams-Wynn.JPG|160x160px|Charles Williams-Wynn]]
| candidate2 = [[Charles Williams-Wynn (1775–1850)|Charles Williams-Wynn]]
| party2 = Tories (British political party)
| 1data2 = [[Montgomeryshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Montgomeryshire]]
| popular_vote2 = 152
| percentage2 = 32.8%
| title = [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker]]
| before_election = [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]]
| after_election = [[Charles Manners-Sutton, 1st Viscount Canterbury|Charles Manners-Sutton]]
}}
The '''1817 election of the Speaker of the House of Commons''' occurred on 2 June 1817.<ref name="Hansard">{{cite Hansard|title=Choice of a Speaker|house=House of Commons|date=2 June 1817|volume=36|column=843–55|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1817/jun/02/choice-of-a-speaker}}</ref><ref name="JHC">{{cite book|title=Journals of the House of Commons|year=1817|volume=72|pages=306–307|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZRZDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA307}}</ref>
The incumbent Speaker [[Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester|Charles Abbot]] had resigned due to ill health.
[[Charles Manners-Sutton, 1st Viscount Canterbury|Charles Manners-Sutton]] was proposed by [[John Nicholl (judge)|Sir John Nicholl]] and seconded by [[Edward Littleton, 1st Baron Hatherton|E. J. Littleton]].
[[Charles Williams-Wynn (1775–1850)|Charles Williams-Wynn]] was proposed by [[William Dickinson (1771–1837)|William Dickinson]] and seconded by [[Sir Matthew White Ridley, 3rd Baronet|Sir Matthew White Ridley]].
Both candidates addressed the House. A debate followed.
On the motion "''That the Right Honourable Charles Manners Sutton do take the chair of this House as Speaker''," Manners-Sutton was elected by 312 votes to 152<ref name="JHC"/> (Hansard gives the votes against as 150<ref name="Hansard"/>).
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{United Kingdom Speaker elections}}
[[Category:Speaker of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom elections|1817]]
| 1,254,320,210 |
[{"title": "1817 Speaker of the British House of Commons election", "data": {"\u2190 1802": "2 June 1817 \u00b7 1833 \u2192", "Candidate": "Charles Manners-Sutton \u00b7 Charles Williams-Wynn", "Party": "Tory \u00b7 Tory", "Popular vote": "312 \u00b7 152", "Percentage": "67.2% \u00b7 32.8%", "Candidate's seat": "Scarborough \u00b7 Montgomeryshire", "Speaker before election \u00b7 Charles Abbot \u00b7": "Elected Speaker \u00b7 Charles Manners-Sutton"}}]
| false |
# 1791 in Austria
Events from the year 1791 in Austria
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Leopold II
- State Chancellor - Wenzel Anton
## Events
- - Treaty of Sistova
## Deaths
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
|
enwiki/48255136
|
enwiki
| 48,255,136 |
1791 in Austria
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1791_in_Austria
|
2025-01-11T23:56:02Z
|
en
|
Q21186900
| 57,562 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year in region
| year = 1791
| region = Austria
| error = '''Template:Year in Austria'''
| image = Flag of Austria.svg
| image_size = 80px
| see_also = [[1791|Other events of 1791]]<br>[[List of years in Austria]]
}}
Events from the year '''1791 in [[Austria]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Austrian monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]]
* [[List of foreign ministers of Austria-Hungary|State Chancellor]] - [[Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg|Wenzel Anton]]
==Events==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
*
*
*
*
* - [[Treaty of Sistova]]
==Births==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
*
*
*
*
==Deaths==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
* [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
*
*
*
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Year in Europe|1791}}
{{Years in Austria}}
[[Category:1791 in the Habsburg monarchy]]
[[Category:1791 in the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:1790s in Austria]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in Austria]]
| 1,268,874,052 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1790 - 1789 - 1788": "1791 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Austria \u00b7 \u2192 - 1792 - 1793 - 1794", "Decades": "1780s 1790s 1800s", "See also": "Other events of 1791 \u00b7 List of years in Austria"}}]
| false |
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