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# 15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena
15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena is the fifth live album by Japanese rock band Coldrain. Recorded during the band's inaugural show at Yokohama Arena on 16 October 2022, it was produced by Inni Vision and released on 17 May 2023.
On 26 January 2024, the live album became the first by the band to be released on digital platforms.
## Background
On 2 February 2020, the band announced they would be performing a One Man Show at Yokohama Arena, one of the world's largest indoor arenas for the first time ever, on 18 October of the same year. However, due to the arising COVID-19 pandemic, the concert was cancelled on 4 September 2020. The band later announced a rescheduled date for the venue as the penultimate final show on the band's fifteenth-anniversary tour during the touring cycle for their newly announced seventh studio album Nonnegative.
On 2 February 2023, the band announced that their performance at Yokohama Arena would be released as their fifth live DVD album, entitled 15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena, scheduled for its initial release on 19 April 2023. An official live music video for "Calling" as a promotional single was released alongside the announcement. However, due to issues of failing to acquire the licensing rights to include their cover of No Doubt's "Don't Speak" in the release, the band were forced to cut the performance of the song and also postpone and delay its release to 17 May 2023. The band later released an official live music video of "Before I Go" as the second and final promotional single from the performance on 10 May 2023.
The live album for 15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena also includes bonus content of an audio commentary of the performance and interviews and behind-the-scenes footage of the band's headlining Nonnegative Japanese tour.
## Track listing
All lyrics are written by Masato Hayakawa; all music is composed by Coldrain
| No. | Title | Original album | Length |
| ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------- | ------ |
| 1. | "Help Me Help You" | Nonnegative | 4:30 |
| 2. | "Calling" | Nonnegative | 4:12 |
| 3. | "2020" | Nonnegative | 4:09 |
| 4. | "The Revelation" | The Revelation | 4:12 |
| 5. | "Envy" | Fateless | 4:28 |
| 6. | "Cut Me" | Nonnegative | 3:52 |
| 7. | "Vena" | Vena | 1:03 |
| 8. | "Fire in the Sky" | Vena | 3:37 |
| 9. | "Given Up on You" | The Revelation | 3:27 |
| 10. | "Rabbit Hole" | Nonnegative | 4:07 |
| 11. | "Counterfeits & Lies" | Final Destination | 3:50 |
| 12. | "Boys and Girls" | Nonnegative | 4:11 |
| 13. | "Heart of the Young" | Vena | 4:48 |
| 14. | "The Side Effects" | The Side Effects | 3:52 |
| 15. | "No Escape" | Through Clarity | 3:11 |
| 16. | "Evolve" | Until the End | 3:45 |
| 17. | "F.T.T.T" | Fateless | 4:13 |
| 18. | "Miss You" | Nothing Lasts Forever | 4:34 |
| 19. | "Bloody Power Fame" | Nonnegative | 4:10 |
| 20. | "Here with You" | Nonnegative | 3:48 |
| 21. | "Enemy Medley" ("To Be Alive"/"New Fate"/"Rescue Me"/"Adrenaline") | The Enemy Inside | 6:14 |
| 22. | "The Maze" (featuring Mah of SiM) | The Enemy Inside | 4:54 |
| 23. | "Revolution" | The Side Effects | 4:33 |
| 24. | "Paradise (Kill the Silence)" | Nonnegative | 4:46 |
| 25. | "From Today" | Nonnegative | 4:38 |
| 26. | "See You" | The Side Effects | 4:18 |
| 27. | "Before I Go" | Nonnegative | 4:49 |
| 28. | "Final Destination" | Final Destination | 4:54 |
| Total length: | Total length: | Total length: | 117:05 |
## Personnel
| Coldrain - Masato David Hayakawa (マサト, Masato) – lead vocals, production - Ryo Yokochi (ヨコチ, Y.K.C.) – lead guitar, programming, keyboards - Kazuya Sugiyama (スギ, Sugi) – rhythm guitar, backing vocals - Ryo Shimizu (リョウ, RxYxO) – bass, backing vocals - Katsuma Minatani (カツマ, Katsuma) – drums, percussion |
## Charts
| Chart (2023) | Peak position |
| -------------------------------------- | ------------- |
| Japanese DVD Albums (Oricon) | 11 |
| Japanese Music DVD Albums (Oricon) | 10 |
| Japanese Blu-ray Albums (Oricon) | 16 |
| Japanese Music Blu-ray Albums (Oricon) | 10 |
## Release history
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| ------- | --------------- | -------------------------- | ------------------ | ------ |
| Japan | 17 May 2023 | DVD Blu-ray | Warner Music Japan | [ 17 ] |
| Various | 26 January 2024 | Digital download streaming | Warner Music Japan | [ 18 ] |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15x(5%2BU)_Live_at_Yokohama_Arena
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Q118903222
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{{Infobox album
| name = 15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena
| type = live
| longtype = / [[DVD]]
| artist = [[Coldrain]]
| cover = File:15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena.jpg
| alt =
| released = {{start date|2023|05|17|df=yes}}
| recorded = 16 October 2022
| venue = [[Yokohama Arena]] ([[Yokohama]], [[Japan]])
| studio =
| genre = {{flatlist|
*[[Post-hardcore]]
*[[metalcore]]
*[[alternative metal]]
*[[alternative rock]]
*[[hard rock]]
*[[electronic rock]]
}}
| length = 117:05
| label = [[Warner Music Group|Warner Music Japan]]
| producer = Inni Vision
| prev_title = [[Nonnegative (album)|Nonnegative]]
| prev_year = 2022
| next_title = [[Final Destination (XV Re:Recorded)]]
| next_year = 2024
| misc = {{Singles
| name = 15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena
| type = live
| single1 = [[Calling (Coldrain song)|Calling]]
| single1date = 10 February 2023
| single2 = [[Before I Go (Coldrain song)|Before I Go]]
| single2date = 10 May 2023
}}
}}
'''''15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena''''' is the fifth live album by Japanese [[Rock music|rock]] band [[Coldrain]]. Recorded during the band's inaugural show at [[Yokohama Arena]] on 16 October 2022, it was produced by Inni Vision and released on 17 May 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.billboard-japan.com/d_news/detail/125000/2|title=Coldrain releases "Before I Go" live MV from the video work recorded by Yokohama performance released on 5/17|website=[[Billboard Japan]]|language=ja|date=10 May 2023|access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
On 26 January 2024, the live album became the first by the band to be released on digital platforms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gekirock.com/news/2024/01/coldrain_live_at_yokohama_arena_digital_release.php|title=coldrain releases 15th anniversary Yokohama Arena official live sound source! Exclusive video distribution starts on U-NEXT!|publisher=Gekirock|date=26 January 2024|access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref>
==Background==
On 2 February 2020, the band announced they would be performing a One Man Show at [[Yokohama Arena]], one of the [[List of indoor arenas by capacity|world's largest indoor arenas]] for the first time ever, on 18 October of the same year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://toppamedia.com/news-2020-2-coldrain-live-at-yokohama-arena/|title=Coldrain to hold one-man live performance at Yokohama Arena on Sunday, October 18, 2020!|language=ja|publisher=ToppaMedia|date=2 February 2020|access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref> However, due to the arising [[COVID-19 pandemic]], the concert was cancelled on 4 September 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spice.eplus.jp/articles/275161|title=coldrain announces release of video work "LIVE & BACKSTAGE AT BLARE FEST.2020" and cancels performance at Yokohama Arena|language=ja|publisher=Spice.Eplus|date=4 September 2020|access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref> The band later announced a rescheduled date for the venue as the penultimate final show on the band's fifteenth-anniversary tour during the touring cycle for their newly announced seventh studio album ''[[Nonnegative (album)|Nonnegative]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lmusic.tokyo/news/feature/interview_livereport340|title=Coldrain, October 10 / Yokohama Arena one-man performance "16th Anniversary "15 × ( 15 + U )" LIVE AT YOKOHAMA ARENA"|publisher=Lmusic|language=ja|date=20 October 2022|access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bandwagon.asia/articles/coldrain-release-new-album-nonnegative-cut-me-music-video-japan-tour-dates-tickets-2022-listen|title=Coldrain unveil new album ′Nonnegative′, ′Cut Me′ music video, announce Japan tour dates – listen|publisher=BandwagonAsia|last=Bodegon-Hikino|first=Kara|date=6 July 2023|access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
On 2 February 2023, the band announced that their performance at Yokohama Arena would be released as their fifth live DVD album, entitled ''15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena'', scheduled for its initial release on 19 April 2023. An official live music video for "[[Calling (Coldrain song)|Calling]]" as a promotional single was released alongside the announcement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://realsound.jp/2023/02/post-1249776.html|title=Coldrain releases 15th anniversary Yokohama Arena one-man video work "CALLING" in advance|publisher=Real Sound|language=ja|date=3 February 2023|access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gekirock.com/news/2023/02/coldrain_live_at_yokohama_arena_bd_dvd.php|title=coldrain will release a one-man video work at Yokohama Arena 15th Anniversary! Advance video "CALLING" released!|publisher=Gekirock|language=ja|date=2 February 2023|access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref> However, due to issues of failing to acquire the licensing rights to include their cover of [[No Doubt]]'s "[[Don't Speak]]" in the release, the band were forced to cut the performance of the song and also postpone and delay its release to 17 May 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wmg.jp/coldrain/news/88564/|title=Coldrain "15 × ( 5 + U )" LIVE AT YOKOHAMA ARENA Apologies for postponement of release and change of recording content|website=[[Warner Music Japan]]|language=ja|date=31 March 2023|access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref> The band later released an official live music video of "[[Before I Go (Coldrain song)|Before I Go]]" as the second and final promotional single from the performance on 10 May 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jungle.ne.jp/newsfeature/co510/|title=coldrain releases "Before I Go" live music video from "5 × ( 5 + U )" LIVE AT YOKOHAMA ARENA" released on May 17|publisher=Jungle Life|language=ja|date=10 May 2023|access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
The live album for ''15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena'' also includes bonus content of an audio commentary of the performance and interviews and behind-the-scenes footage of the band's headlining ''Nonnegative'' Japanese tour.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.barks.jp/news/?id=1000229591|title=Coldrain commemorates the 15th anniversary of the formation of Yokohama Arena One Man made into a video work|publisher=Barks|language=ja|date=2 February 2023|access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://coldrain.jp/discography/fb71b000-e2af-4f00-bfa5-f31793d75952|title="15 × ( 5 + U )" LIVE AT YOKOHAMA ARENA|publisher=Coldrain.jp|language=ja|access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
==Track listing==
{{tracklist
| headline = ''15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena'' track listing
| all_lyrics = [[Masato Hayakawa]]
| all_music = Coldrain
| extra_column = Original album
| title1 = Help Me Help You
| extra1 = ''[[Nonnegative (album)|Nonnegative]]''
| length1 = 4:30
| title2 = [[Calling (Coldrain song)|Calling]]
| extra2 = ''Nonnegative''
| length2 = 4:12
| title3 = 2020
| extra3 = ''Nonnegative''
| length3 = 4:09
| title4 = The Revelation
| extra4 = ''[[The Revelation (Coldrain album)|The Revelation]]''
| length4 = 4:12
| title5 = Envy
| extra5 = ''[[Fateless (album)|Fateless]]''
| length5 = 4:28
| title6 = Cut Me
| extra6 = ''Nonnegative''
| length6 = 3:52
| title7 = Vena
| extra7 = ''[[Vena (album)|Vena]]''
| length7 = 1:03
| title8 = Fire in the Sky
| extra8 = ''Vena''
| length8 = 3:37
| title9 = Given Up on You
| extra9 = ''The Revelation''
| length9 = 3:27
| title10 = Rabbit Hole
| extra10 = ''Nonnegative''
| length10 = 4:07
| title11 = Counterfeits & Lies
| extra11 = ''[[Final Destination (album)|Final Destination]]''
| length11 = 3:50
| title12 = Boys and Girls
| extra12 = ''Nonnegative''
| length12 = 4:11
| title13 = Heart of the Young
| extra13 = ''Vena''
| length13 = 4:48
| title14 = The Side Effects
| extra14 = ''The Side Effects''
| length14 = 3:52
| title15 = No Escape
| extra15 = ''[[Through Clarity]]''
| length15 = 3:11
| title16 = Evolve
| extra16 = ''[[Until the End (EP)|Until the End]]''
| length16 = 3:45
| title17 = F.T.T.T
| extra17 = ''Fateless''
| length17 = 4:13
| title18 = Miss You
| extra18 = ''[[Nothing Lasts Forever (Coldrain EP)|Nothing Lasts Forever]]''
| length18 = 4:34
| title19 = Bloody Power Fame
| extra19 = ''Nonnegative''
| length19 = 4:10
| title20 = Here with You
| extra20 = ''Nonnegative''
| length20 = 3:48
| title21 = Enemy Medley
| note21 = "To Be Alive"/"New Fate"/"Rescue Me"/"Adrenaline"
| extra21 = ''[[The Enemy Inside (Coldrain album)|The Enemy Inside]]''
| length21 = 6:14
| title22 = The Maze
| note22 = featuring Mah of [[SiM (band)|SiM]]
| extra22 = ''The Enemy Inside''
| length22 = 4:54
| title23 = [[Revolution (Coldrain song)|Revolution]]
| extra23 = ''The Side Effects''
| length23 = 4:33
| title24 = [[Paradise (Kill the Silence)]]
| extra24 = ''Nonnegative''
| length24 = 4:46
| title25 = From Today
| extra25 = ''Nonnegative''
| length25 = 4:38
| title26 = See You
| extra26 = ''The Side Effects''
| length26 = 4:18
| title27 = [[Before I Go (Coldrain song)|Before I Go]]
| extra27 = ''Nonnegative''
| length27 = 4:49
| title28 = Final Destination
| extra28 = ''Final Destination''
| length28 = 4:54
| total_length = 117:05
}}
==Personnel==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
'''Coldrain'''
* {{nihongo|[[Masato Hayakawa|Masato David Hayakawa]]|マサト|[[Masato Hayakawa|Masato]]}} – [[Lead vocalist|lead vocals]], production
* {{nihongo|Ryo Yokochi|ヨコチ|Y.K.C.}} – [[lead guitar]], programming, keyboards
* {{nihongo|Kazuya Sugiyama|スギ|Sugi}} – [[rhythm guitar]], [[Backing vocalist|backing vocals]]
* {{nihongo|Ryo Shimizu|リョウ|RxYxO}} – [[bass guitar|bass]], backing vocals
* {{nihongo|Katsuma Minatani|カツマ|Katsuma}} – [[Drum kit|drums]], percussion
{{col-end}}
==Charts==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+Chart performance for ''15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena''
|-
!scope="col"| Chart (2023)
!scope="col"| Peak<br />position
|-
!scope="row"|[[Oricon Albums Chart|Japanese DVD Albums]] ([[Oricon]])<ref>{{Cite web|language=ja|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/463264/products/1471831/1/|title=Coldrain – "15 × ( 5 + U )"LIVE AT YOKOHAMA ARENA|publisher=[[Oricon]]|access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
| 11
|-
!scope="row"|[[Oricon Albums Chart|Japanese Music DVD Albums]] ([[Oricon]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/dm/w/2023-05-29/|title=Weekly Music DVD Ranking|publisher=[[Oricon]]|date=24 May 2023|access-date=28 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528203458/https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/dm/w/2023-05-29/|archive-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
| 10
|-
!scope="row"|[[Oricon Albums Chart|Japanese Blu-ray Albums]] ([[Oricon]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/463264/products/1471833/1/|title=Coldrain – "15 × ( 5 + U )"LIVE AT YOKOHAMA ARENA|publisher=[[Oricon]]|access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
| 16
|-
!scope="row"|[[Oricon Albums Chart|Japanese Music Blu-ray Albums]] ([[Oricon]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/bm/w/2023-05-29/|title=Weekly Music Blu-ray Ranking|publisher=[[Oricon]]|access-date=28 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528204118/https://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/bm/w/2023-05-29/|archive-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
| 10
|}
==Release history==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ Release history and formats for ''15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena''
!scope="col"|Region
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Format
!scope="col"|Label
!scope="col"|{{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! scope="row"| Japan
| 17 May 2023
| {{hlist|[[DVD]]|[[Blu-ray]]}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Warner Music Japan]]
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tower.jp/article/feature_item/2023/02/02/0704|title=coldrain: Live Blu-ray & DVD ″"15 × ( 5 + U )" LIVE AT YOKOHAMA ARENA″ will be released on May 17|website=[[Tower Records]]|date=2 February 2023|access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| Various
| 26 January 2024
| {{hlist|[[Music download|Digital download]]|[[music streaming|streaming]]}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wmg.jp/coldrain/discography/29021/|title="15x(5+U)" LIVE AT YOKOHAMA ARENA|publisher=[[Warner Music Japan]]|date=26 January 2024|access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref>
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_mRLktT7j-WA5uEut_ubeEGrLiEOaO6r_4 ''15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena''] at [[YouTube]] (streamed copy where licensed)
{{Coldrain}}
[[Category:Coldrain albums]]
[[Category:2023 live albums]]
[[Category:2023 video albums]]
[[Category:2020s live video albums]]
[[Category:Warner Music Group live albums]]
[[Category:Warner Music Group video albums]]
[[Category:Albums recorded at the Yokohama Arena]]
| 1,251,555,467
|
[{"title": "Live album / DVD by Coldrain", "data": {"Released": "17 May 2023", "Recorded": "16 October 2022", "Venue": "Yokohama Arena (Yokohama, Japan)", "Genre": "Post-hardcore metalcore alternative metal alternative rock hard rock electronic rock", "Length": "117:05", "Label": "Warner Music Japan", "Producer": "Inni Vision"}}, {"title": "Coldrain chronology", "data": {"Nonnegative \u00b7 (2022)": "15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena \u00b7 (2023) \u00b7 Final Destination (XV Re:Recorded) \u00b7 (2024)"}}, {"title": "Singles from 15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena", "data": {"Singles from 15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena": "1. \"Calling\" \u00b7 Released: 10 February 2023 2. \"Before I Go\" \u00b7 Released: 10 May 2023"}}, {"title": "Coldrain", "data": {"Studio albums": "Final Destination The Enemy Inside The Revelation Vena Fateless The Side Effects Nonnegative", "Re-recorded albums": "Final Destination (XV Re:Recorded)", "EPs": "Nothing Lasts Forever Through Clarity Until the End Paradise (Kill the Silence)", "Live albums": "Three Days of Adrenaline Evolve 20180206 Live at Budokan Live & Backstage at Blare Fest. 2020 15x(5+U) Live at Yokohama Arena", "Maxi-singles": "Fiction 8AM Vena II", "Digital singles": "\" The War Is On \" \" Gone \" \" Revolution \" \" Coexist \" \" January 1st \" \" Mayday \" \" Paradise (Kill the Silence) \" \" Calling \" \" Before I Go \""}}]
| false
|
# 1695 Walbeck
1695 Walbeck, provisional designation 1941 UO, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 19 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 October 1941, by Finnish astronomer Liisi Oterma at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland, and named after Henrik Walbeck.
## Classification and orbit
The asteroid orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.6 AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,694 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.29 and an inclination of 17° with respect to the ecliptic. Walbeck's observation arc begins the night after its official discovery observation.
## Physical characteristics
In the SMASS taxonomy, the carbonaceous asteroid is characterized as a Cg-type, an intermediate between the C-type and G-type asteroids.
### Lightcurves
In November 2006, a rotational lightcurve of Walbeck was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomer Pierre Antonini. It gave a rotation period of 5.1607 hours with a brightness variation of 0.22 magnitude (U=3). Two similar periods were obtained by David Romeuf and by a team of Hungarian astronomers (U=2/2).
### Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Walbeck measures between 17.88 and 19.62 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.037 and 0.051. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.046 and a diameter of 19.60 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.5.
## Naming
The minor planet was named in memory of Finnish scientist Henrik Johan Walbeck (1793–1822), astronomer and geodesist at the old Academia Aboensis who used the method of least squares to derive a good value for the Earth's flattening. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 April 1980 (M.P.C. 5281).
|
enwiki/1252877
|
enwiki
| 1,252,877
|
1695 Walbeck
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1695_Walbeck
|
2023-12-25T20:17:39Z
|
en
|
Q142477
| 120,207
|
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1695 Walbeck
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| discovered = 15 October 1941
| discoverer = [[Liisi Oterma|L. Oterma]]
| discovery_site = [[Iso-Heikkilä Observatory|Turku Obs.]]
| mpc_name = (1695) Walbeck
| alt_names = 1941 UO{{·}}1964 QA<br />1964 RE
| named_after = [[Henrik Johan Walbeck|Henrik Walbeck]] {{small|([[geodesist]])}}<ref name="springer" />
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|middle]])}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 75.44 yr (27,554 days)
| aphelion = 3.5921 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 1.9703 AU
| semimajor = 2.7812 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2916
| period = 4.64 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,694 days)
| mean_anomaly = 141.65[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2125|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 16.705°
| asc_node = 218.46°
| arg_peri = 139.42°
| dimensions = {{val|17.88|0.27}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|18.953|0.258}} km<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" /><br />19.60 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|19.62|0.8}} km<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|19.84|0.29}} km<ref name="AKARI" />
| rotation = {{val|5.16|0.05}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|5.1607|0.0006}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|5.3}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="Szekely-2005" />
| albedo = {{val|0.037|0.007}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|0.042|0.006}}<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><br />{{val|0.0425|0.0058}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />0.0460 {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.0504|0.005}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.051|0.002}}<ref name="AKARI" />
| spectral_type = [[SMASS classification|SMASS]] = Cg<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[C-type asteroid|C]]<ref name="lcdb" />
| abs_magnitude = 12.4<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" />{{·}}12.5<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}{{val|12.76|0.23}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}12.93<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
}}
'''1695 Walbeck''', provisional designation {{mp|1941 UO}}, is a carbonaceous [[asteroid]] from the central region of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 19 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 October 1941, by Finnish astronomer [[Liisi Oterma]] at [[Turku Observatory]] in Southwest Finland, and named after [[Henrik Johan Walbeck|Henrik Walbeck]].<ref name="springer" /><ref name="MPC-Walbeck" />
== Classification and orbit ==
The asteroid orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|central]] main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.6 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 8 months (1,694 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.29 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 17[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> ''Walbeck''{{'}}s [[observation arc]] begins the night after its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-Walbeck" />
== Physical characteristics ==
In the [[SMASS classification|SMASS]] taxonomy, the carbonaceous asteroid is characterized as a Cg-type, an intermediate between the [[C-type asteroid|C-type]] and [[G-type asteroid]]s.<ref name="jpldata" />
=== Lightcurves ===
In November 2006, a rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Walbeck'' was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomer [[Pierre Antonini]]. It gave a [[rotation period]] of 5.1607 hours with a brightness variation of 0.22 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3]]}}).<ref name="geneva-obs" /> Two similar periods were obtained by [[David Romeuf]] and by a team of Hungarian astronomers ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2/2]]}}).<ref name="geneva-obs" /><ref name="Szekely-2005" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari]] satellite, and NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] with its subsequent [[NEOWISE]] mission, ''Walbeck'' measures between 17.88 and 19.62 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.037 and 0.051.<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives an albedo of 0.046 and a diameter of 19.60 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.5.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
The [[minor planet]] was named in memory of Finnish scientist [[Henrik Johan Walbeck]] (1793–1822), astronomer and [[geodesist]] at the old [[Royal Academy of Turku|Academia Aboensis]] who used the method of least squares to derive a good value for the Earth's flattening.<ref name="springer" /> The official naming citation was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 1 April 1980 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 5281}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
== References ==
{{reflist
|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2017-03-24 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1695 Walbeck (1941 UO)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001695
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date = 6 June 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1695) Walbeck
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|page = 135
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1696 |chapter = (1695) Walbeck }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Walbeck">{{cite web
|title = 1695 Walbeck (1941 UO)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1695
|access-date = 17 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|access-date = 17 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web
|title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1695) Walbeck
|last = Behrend |first = Raoul
|publisher = [[Geneva Observatory]]
|url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#001695
|access-date = 17 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (1695) Walbeck
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1695%7CWalbeck
|access-date = 17 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal
|first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco
|first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah
|first3 = M. |last3 = Noah
|first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price
|date = October 2004
|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0
|url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System
|volume = 12
|pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0
|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T
|access-date = 22 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1695 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent
|first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera
|date = November 2012
|title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
|volume = 759
|issue = 1
|page = 5
|bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M
|doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8
|arxiv = 1209.5794
|access-date= 17 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Szekely-2005">{{Cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = P. |last1 = Székely
|first2 = L. L. |last2 = Kiss
|first3 = Gy. M. |last3 = Szabó
|first4 = K. |last4 = Sárneczky
|first5 = B. |last5 = Csák
|first6 = M. |last6 = Váradi
|first7 = Sz. |last7 = Mészáros
|date = August 2005
|title = CCD photometry of 23 minor planets
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2005P&SS...53..925S
|journal = Planetary and Space Science
|volume = 53
|issue = 9
|pages = 925–936
|bibcode = 2005P&SS...53..925S
|doi = 10.1016/j.pss.2005.04.006
|arxiv = astro-ph/0504462
|access-date= 17 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|access-date= 17 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey
|first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt
|first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan
|first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr
|first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie
|first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen
|first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker
|first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright
|first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun
|first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury
|first16 = T. IV |last16 = Gautier
|first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion
|first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins
|date = November 2011
|title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 20
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68
|arxiv = 1109.4096
|access-date= 17 December 2016}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|1695}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1694 Kaiser |number=1695 |1696 Nurmela}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:001695}}
[[Category:Background asteroids]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Liisi Oterma|Walbeck]]
[[Category:Named minor planets|Walbeck]]
[[Category:Cg-type asteroids (SMASS)]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1941|19411015]]
| 1,191,786,642
|
[{"title": "1695 Walbeck", "data": {"Discovered by": "L. Oterma", "Discovery site": "Turku Obs.", "Discovery date": "15 October 1941"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"MPC designation": "(1695) Walbeck", "Named after": "Henrik Walbeck (geodesist)", "Alternative designations": "1941 UO \u00b7 1964 QA \u00b7 1964 RE", "Minor planet category": "main-belt \u00b7 (middle)"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Orbital characteristics": ["Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)", "Uncertainty parameter 0"], "Observation arc": "75.44 yr (27,554 days)", "Aphelion": "3.5921 AU", "Perihelion": "1.9703 AU", "Semi-major axis": "2.7812 AU", "Eccentricity": "0.2916", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "4.64 yr (1,694 days)", "Mean anomaly": "141.65\u00b0", "Mean motion": "0\u00b0 12m 45s / day", "Inclination": "16.705\u00b0", "Longitude of ascending node": "218.46\u00b0", "Argument of perihelion": "139.42\u00b0"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Dimensions": "17.88\u00b10.27 km \u00b7 18.953\u00b10.258 km \u00b7 19.60 km (derived) \u00b7 19.62\u00b10.8 km \u00b7 19.84\u00b10.29 km", "Synodic rotation period": "5.16\u00b10.05 h \u00b7 5.1607\u00b10.0006 h \u00b7 5.3 h", "Geometric albedo": "0.037\u00b10.007 \u00b7 0.042\u00b10.006 \u00b7 0.0425\u00b10.0058 \u00b7 0.0460 (derived) \u00b7 0.0504\u00b10.005 \u00b7 0.051\u00b10.002", "Spectral type": "SMASS = Cg \u00b7 C", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "12.4 \u00b7 12.5 \u00b7 12.76\u00b10.23 \u00b7 12.93"}}]
| false
|
# 1694 in science
The year 1694 in science and technology involved some significant events.
## Botany
- Joseph Pitton de Tournefort publishes Éléments de botanique ou méthode pour reconnaître les plantes.[1]
- Rudolf Jakob Camerarius publishes De Sexu Plantarum Epistola in which he demonstrates the role of stamens and pistils in plant reproduction.
## Births
- June 26 – Georg Brandt, Swedish chemist (died 1768)
## Deaths
- November 29 – Marcello Malpighi, Italian physiologist (born 1628)
|
enwiki/467541
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1694_in_science
|
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|
en
|
Q2808820
| 28,291
|
{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1694|science}}
{{Science year nav|1694}}
The year '''1694 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events.
==Botany==
* [[Joseph Pitton de Tournefort]] publishes ''Éléments de botanique ou méthode pour reconnaître les plantes''.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Sachs, Julius von |translator=Garnsey, Henry E. F. |editor=Balfour, Isaac Bayley |year=1890|title=[[History of Botany (1530-1860)|History of Botany (1530–1860)]] ([[s:History of Botany (1530–1860)|Wikisource]])|location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon Press|pages=76–78}}</ref>
* [[Rudolf Jakob Camerarius]] publishes ''De Sexu Plantarum Epistola'' in which he demonstrates the role of [[stamen]]s and [[pistil]]s in plant reproduction.
==Births==
* June 26 – [[Georg Brandt]], [[Swedes|Swedish]] [[chemist]] (died [[1768 in science|1768]])
==Deaths==
* November 29 – [[Marcello Malpighi]], [[Italy|Italian]] [[physiologist]] (born [[1628 in science|1628]])
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1694 in science| ]]
[[Category:17th century in science]]
[[Category:1690s in science]]
| 1,229,405,403
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[]
| false
|
# 1817 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina
North Carolina elected its members August 14, 1817.
| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| ----------------- | ------------------ | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| North Carolina 1 | William H. Murfree | Democratic-Republican | 1813 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | √ Lemuel Sawyer (Democratic-Republican) 38.0% Joseph Ferebee (Democratic-Republican) 33.1% Henry Skinner (Federalist) 28.9% |
| North Carolina 2 | Joseph H. Bryan | Democratic-Republican | 1815 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Joseph H. Bryan (Democratic-Republican) |
| North Carolina 3 | James W. Clark | Democratic-Republican | 1815 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | √ Thomas H. Hall (Democratic-Republican) 100% |
| North Carolina 4 | William Gaston | Federalist | 1813 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. | √ Jesse Slocumb (Federalist) 54.0% Henry J. G. Ruffin (Democratic-Republican) 46.0% |
| North Carolina 5 | Charles Hooks | Democratic-Republican | 1816 (Special) | Incumbent lost-re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | √ James Owen (Democratic-Republican) 55.4% Charles Hooks (Democratic-Republican) 44.6% |
| North Carolina 6 | Weldon N. Edwards | Democratic-Republican | 1816 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Weldon N. Edwards (Democratic-Republican) 80.5% Solomon Green (Federalist) 19.5% |
| North Carolina 7 | John Culpepper | Federalist | 1806 1808 (Contested election) 1808 (Special) 1813 | Incumbent lost-re-election. New member elected. Federalist hold. | √ Alexander McMillan (Federalist) 58.7% John Culpepper (Federalist) 41.3% |
| North Carolina 8 | Samuel Dickens | Democratic-Republican | 1816 (Special) | Incumbent lost-re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | √ James S. Smith (Democratic-Republican) 52.3% Samuel Dickens (Democratic-Republican) 46.9% |
| North Carolina 9 | Bartlett Yancey | Democratic-Republican | 1813 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | √ Thomas Settle (Democratic-Republican) 78.4% Romulus M. Saunders (Democratic-Republican) 21.6% |
| North Carolina 10 | William C. Love | Democratic-Republican | 1815 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | √ George Mumford (Democratic-Republican) 53.9% John L. Henderson (Federalist) 46.1% |
| North Carolina 11 | Daniel M. Forney | Democratic-Republican | 1815 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Daniel M. Forney (Democratic-Republican) |
| North Carolina 12 | Israel Pickens | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | √ Felix Walker (Democratic-Republican) 42.8% John Paxton (Democratic-Republican) 38.5% William Porter (Democratic-Republican) 18.7% |
| North Carolina 13 | Lewis Williams | Democratic-Republican | 1815 | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Lewis Williams |
|
enwiki/37890169
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enwiki
| 37,890,169
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1817 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_North_Carolina
|
2024-07-23T13:42:44Z
|
en
|
Q60517653
| 240,996
|
{{short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Elections in North Carolina}}
North Carolina elected its members August 14, 1817.
{| class=wikitable
|-
! rowspan=2 | District
! colspan=3 | Incumbent
! colspan=2 | This race
|-
! Representative
! Party
! First elected
! Results
! Candidates
|-
| {{ushr|NC|1|X}}
| [[William H. Murfree]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
| [[1813 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina|1813]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New member elected.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
| nowrap | '''√ [[Lemuel Sawyer]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 38.0%<br/>Joseph Ferebee (Democratic-Republican) 33.1%<br/>Henry Skinner (Federalist) 28.9%
|-
| {{ushr|NC|2|X}}
| [[Joseph Hunter Bryan|Joseph H. Bryan]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
| [[1815 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina|1815]]
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap | '''√ [[Joseph Hunter Bryan|Joseph H. Bryan]]''' (Democratic-Republican){{efn|name="nr"|Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source(s).}}
|-
| {{ushr|NC|3|X}}
| [[James West Clark|James W. Clark]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
| [[1815 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina|1815]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New member elected.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
| nowrap | '''√ [[Thomas H. Hall]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 100%
|-
| {{ushr|NC|4|X}}
| [[William Gaston]]
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist
| [[1813 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina|1813]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New member elected.<br/>Federalist hold.
| nowrap | '''√ [[Jesse Slocumb]]''' (Federalist) 54.0%<br/>Henry J. G. Ruffin (Democratic-Republican) 46.0%
|-
| {{ushr|NC|5|X}}
| [[Charles Hooks]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
| [[1816 North Carolina's 5th congressional district special election|1816 (Special)]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost-re-election.<br/>New member elected.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
| nowrap | '''√ [[James Owen (American statesman)|James Owen]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 55.4%<br/>[[Charles Hooks]] (Democratic-Republican) 44.6%
|-
| {{ushr|NC|6|X}}
| [[Weldon Nathaniel Edwards|Weldon N. Edwards]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
| [[1816 North Carolina's 6th congressional district special election|1816 (Special)]]
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap | '''√ [[Weldon Nathaniel Edwards|Weldon N. Edwards]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 80.5%<br/>Solomon Green (Federalist) 19.5%
|-
| {{ushr|NC|7|X}}
| [[John Culpepper]]
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist
| [[1806 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina|1806]]<br/>1808 (Contested election)<br/>[[1808 North Carolina's 7th congressional district special election|1808 (Special)]]<br/>[[1813 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina|1813]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost-re-election.<br/>New member elected.<br/>Federalist hold.
| nowrap | '''√ [[Alexander McMillan (North Carolina politician)|Alexander McMillan]]''' (Federalist) 58.7%<br/>[[John Culpepper]] (Federalist) 41.3%
|-
| {{ushr|NC|8|X}}
| [[Samuel Dickens]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
| [[1816 North Carolina's 8th congressional district special election|1816 (Special)]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost-re-election.<br/>New member elected.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
| nowrap | '''√ [[James Strudwick Smith|James S. Smith]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 52.3%<br/>[[Samuel Dickens]] (Democratic-Republican) 46.9%
|-
| {{ushr|NC|9|X}}
| [[Bartlett Yancey]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
| [[1813 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina|1813]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New member elected.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
| nowrap | '''√ [[Thomas Settle (North Carolina, 15th–16th Congress)|Thomas Settle]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 78.4%<br/>[[Romulus M. Saunders]] (Democratic-Republican) 21.6%
|-
| {{ushr|NC|10|X}}
| [[William Carter Love|William C. Love]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
| [[1815 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina|1815]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New member elected.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
| nowrap | '''√ [[George Mumford]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 53.9%<br/>John L. Henderson (Federalist) 46.1%
|-
| {{ushr|NC|11|X}}
| [[Daniel Munroe Forney|Daniel M. Forney]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
| [[1815 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina|1815]]
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap | '''√ [[Daniel Munroe Forney|Daniel M. Forney]]''' (Democratic-Republican){{efn | name="nr"}}
|-
| {{ushr|NC|12|X}}
| [[Israel Pickens]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
| [[1810 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina|1810]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New member elected.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
| nowrap | '''√ [[Felix Walker (American politician)|Felix Walker]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 42.8%<br/>John Paxton (Democratic-Republican) 38.5%<br/>William Porter (Democratic-Republican) 18.7%
|-
| {{ushr|NC|13|X}}
| [[Lewis Williams (politician)|Lewis Williams]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
| [[1815 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina|1815]]
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap | '''√ [[Lewis Williams (politician)|Lewis Williams]]{{efn | name="nr"}}'''
|}
== See also ==
* [[1816 North Carolina's 5th congressional district special election]]
* [[1816 North Carolina's 6th congressional district special election]]
* [[1816 North Carolina's 6th congressional district special election]]
* [[1816 and 1817 United States House of Representatives elections]]
* [[List of United States representatives from North Carolina]]
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
{{North Carolina elections}}
{{United States House of Representatives elections}}
[[Category:United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina|1817]]
[[Category:1817 United States House of Representatives elections|North Carolina]]
[[Category:1817 North Carolina elections|United States House of Representatives]]
{{NorthCarolina-election-stub}}
| 1,236,212,083
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[]
| false
|
# 1791 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1791 in Australia.
## Leaders
- Monarch - George III
- Governor of New South Wales – Captain Arthur Phillip, RN
- Lieutenant-Governor of Norfolk Island – Philip Gidley King
- Commanding officer of the colony's marine presence – Major Robert Ross
## Events
- 22 February – The first land grant in Australia is made to ex-convict James Ruse.
- March – Philip Gidley King returns to Norfolk Island from Britain and resumes command from Robert Ross.
- 3 May – 1st Lt. Ralph Clark records in his diary that he has ordered three female convicts flogged. Catherine White faints after the first 15 lashes, Mary Teut after 22. When Mary Higgins has received 26 lashes, Lieutenant Clark "forgave her the remainder (he has ordered 50) because she was an old woman".
- 2 June – Rose Hill renamed Parramatta.
- 1 August – The Third Fleet begins to arrive with convicts and supplies; the first ship, Matilda brings 205 convicts.
- 18 August – Richard Bowen enters and names Jervis Bay aboard the Atlantic.
- 28 September – The ships Active and Queen arrive; Queen is coming from Cork, with the first contingent of Irish convicts.
- 29 September – The West Coast of Australia is claimed by British Commander George Vancouver when he sailed into King George Sound, previously only the east coast had been claimed for the Crown.
- 16 October – Admiral Barrington, the last ship of the Third Fleet arrives, with Captain William Paterson of the New South Wales Corps on board.
- 24 October – Britannia and William and Ann set out on Australia's first whaling expedition.
- 1 November – A party of twenty-one convicts escape from Port Jackson and (with an obviously limited knowledge of Australian geography) attempt to walk to China. Some die in the wilderness, while others are recaptured.
- 5 December – Ross returns to Port Jackson from Norfolk Island. His marines, having been displaced by the newly arrived New South Wales Corps, are frequently drunk and rowdy. On 17 December, Ross and most of the marines returned to England on HMS Gorgon.
## Births
- January – James Stirling
- 26 April – John Lee Archer
- 13 July – Allan Cunningham, botanist and explorer, best known for discovering the Darling Downs is born in Wimbledon, London.
- 4 August – Henry Savery
- 13 December – Phillip Parker King
- George Gipps
## Deaths
- 28 January – Henry Dodd
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Q16146905
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use Australian English|date=January 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Year in Australia|1791}}
The following lists events that happened during '''1791 in Australia'''.
== Leaders ==
* Monarch - [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
* [[Governor of New South Wales]] – Captain [[Arthur Phillip]], [[Royal Navy|RN]]
* [[Administrative Heads of Norfolk Island|Lieutenant-Governor of Norfolk Island]] – [[Philip Gidley King]]
* Commanding officer of the colony's [[Royal Marines|marine]] presence – Major [[Robert Ross (British Marines officer)|Robert Ross]]
== Events ==
[[File:Governorshouse1791.jpg|frame|Watercolour painting of the Governor's House at Port Jackson in 1791]]
* 22 February – The first land grant in Australia is made to ex-convict [[James Ruse]].
* March – [[Philip Gidley King]] returns to [[Norfolk Island]] from Britain and resumes command from [[Robert Ross (British Marines officer)|Robert Ross]].
* 3 May – 1st Lt. [[Ralph Clark]] records in his diary that he has ordered three female convicts flogged. Catherine White faints after the first 15 lashes, Mary Teut after 22. When Mary Higgins has received 26 lashes, Lieutenant Clark "forgave her the remainder (he has ordered 50) because she was an old woman".
* 2 June – Rose Hill renamed [[Parramatta]].
* 1 August – The [[Third Fleet (Australia)|Third Fleet]] begins to arrive with convicts and supplies; the first ship, {{ship||Matilda|1790 ship|2}} brings 205 convicts.
* 18 August – [[Richard Bowen (Royal Navy)|Richard Bowen]] enters and names [[Jervis Bay]] aboard the [[Atlantic (1783 ship)|''Atlantic'']].
* 28 September – The ships {{ship||Active|1764 ship|2}} and {{ship||Queen|1773 ship|2}} arrive; ''Queen'' is coming from [[Cork, city|Cork]], with the first contingent of Irish convicts.
* 29 September – The [[Western Australia|West Coast of Australia]] is claimed by British Commander [[George Vancouver]] when he sailed into [[King George Sound]], previously only the east coast had been claimed for the Crown.
* 16 October – {{ship||Admiral Barrington|1781 ship|2}}, the last ship of the [[Third Fleet (Australia)|Third Fleet]] arrives, with Captain [[William Paterson (explorer)|William Paterson]] of the [[New South Wales Corps]] on board.
* 24 October – {{ship||Britannia|1783 whaler|2}} and {{ship||William and Ann|1759|2}} set out on Australia's first whaling expedition.
* 1 November – A party of twenty-one convicts escape from Port Jackson and (with an obviously limited knowledge of Australian geography) attempt to walk to [[China]]. Some die in the wilderness, while others are recaptured.
* 5 December – Ross returns to Port Jackson from Norfolk Island. His marines, having been displaced by the newly arrived [[New South Wales Corps]], are frequently drunk and rowdy. On 17 December, Ross and most of the marines returned to England on {{HMS|Gorgon|1785|6}}.
== Births ==
* January – [[James Stirling (Australian governor)|James Stirling]]
* 26 April – [[John Lee Archer]]
* 13 July – [[Allan Cunningham (botanist)|Allan Cunningham]], botanist and explorer, best known for discovering the [[Darling Downs]] is born in [[Wimbledon, London]].
* 4 August – [[Henry Savery]]
* 13 December – [[Phillip Parker King]]
* [[George Gipps]]
==Deaths==
* 28 January – [[Henry Dodd]]
==References==
* {{cite book
| last = Barker
| first = Anthony
| title =What Happened When
| publisher = Allen & Unwin
| date = 1996
| location = St Leonards
| isbn = 978-1-86373-986-3 }}
* {{cite web
| last =National Library of Australia
| title = The World Upside Down: Australia 1788 – 1830
| url =http://www.nla.gov.au/exhibitions/upsidedown/index.html | access-date= 9 February 2007 <!--Added by DASHBot-->| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070320021016/http://www.nla.gov.au/exhibitions/upsidedown/index.html| archive-date= 20 March 2007 <!--Added by DASHBot-->}}
{{Years in Australia}}
{{Oceania topic|1791 in|countries_only=yes}}
[[Category:1791 in Australia| ]]
[[Category:1791 by country|Australia]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in Australia]]
| 1,267,438,297
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1790 - 1789 - 1788": "1791 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Australia \u00b7 \u2192 - 1792 - 1793 - 1794", "Decades": "1780s 1790s 1800s 1810s", "See also": "Other events of 1791 Timeline of Australian history"}}]
| false
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# 1688
1688 (MDCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1688th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 688th year of the 2nd millennium, the 88th year of the 17th century, and the 9th year of the 1680s decade. As of the start of 1688, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
## Events
### January–March
- January 2 – Fleeing from the Spanish Navy, French pirate Raveneau de Lussan and his 70 men arrive on the west coast of Nicaragua, sink their boats, and make a difficult 10 day march to the city of Ocotal.[1]
- January 5 – Pirates Charles Swan and William Dampier and the crew of the privateer Cygnet become the first Englishmen to set foot on the continent of Australia.[2]
- January 11 – The Patta Fort and the Avandha Fort, located in what is now India's Maharashtra state near Ahmednagar, are captured from the Maratha clan by Mughul Army commander Matabar Khan. The Mughal Empire rules the area 73 years.
- January 17 – Ilona Zrínyi, who has defended the Palanok Castle in Hungary from Austrian Imperial forces since 1685, is forced to surrender to General Antonio Caraffa.
- January 29 – Madame Jeanne Guyon, French mystic, is arrested in France and imprisoned for seven months.[3]
- January 30 (January 20, 1687 old style) – King James II of England and Scotland issues a proclamation offering amnesty to pirates in the West Indies who surrender to Sir Robert Holmes.[4]
- February 7 – Six French Jesuit scientists, Joachim Bouvet, Jean-François Gerbillon, Louis-Daniel Lecomte, Guy Tachard, Claude de Visdelou and the leader, Jean de Fontaney, arrive in Beijing and are welcomed by the Emperor of China, Kangxi.[5]
- February 17 – James Renwick, the last of the Covenanters in Scotland to be martyred for opposing the authority of King Charles II, is publicly hanged at Grassmarket square in Edinburgh.
- February 23 – Abaza Siyavuş Pasha, the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, is assassinated by the Janissaries, the Turkish troops who had placed him in power in September, after the new Sultan fails to make payment of an expected bonus.
- February 28 – The French opera David et Jonathas, composed by Marc-Antoine Charpentier, is performed for the first time.[6]
- March 1 – A great fire devastates Bungay, England.[7]
- March – William Dampier makes the first recorded visit to Christmas Island, now a territory of Australia, located south of the island of Java (now part of Indonesia).
### April–June
- April 3 – Francesco Morosini becomes Doge of Venice.[8]: 346 [9]
- April 9 – Morean War: The Venetian forces under Francesco Morosini evacuate Athens[10] and Piraeus.
- April 18 (Julian calendar) – The Germantown Quaker Protest Against Slavery is drafted by four Germantown Quakers.[11]
- May 4 – King James II of England orders his Declaration of Indulgence, suspending penal laws against Catholics, to be read from every Anglican pulpit in England.[12] The Church of England and its staunchest supporters, the peers and gentry, are outraged; on June 8 the Archbishop of Canterbury, William Sancroft, is imprisoned in the Tower of London for refusing to proclaim it.
- May 9 (April 29 OS) – Friedrich Wilhelm, the Great Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia, dies.[13] Friedrich III becomes Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia until 1701, when he becomes the first King of Prussia, as Friedrich I.
- May 10 – King Narai of Ayutthaya nominates Princess Sudawadi as his successor, with Constantine Phaulkon, Mom Pi and Phetracha acting as joint regents.[14]: 444 [15]
- May 17 – The arrest of King Narai of Ayutthaya launches a coup d'état.
- June 5
- A 7.0 magnitude earthquake[16] strikes southern Italy at 6:30 in the evening and kills at least 10,000 people in the Kingdom of Naples in what is now the province of Benevento.
- Constantine Phaulkon is beheaded after having been arrested in May.[17]
- June 10 – The birth of James Francis Edward Stuart (later known as the Old Pretender), son and heir to James II of England and his Catholic wife Mary of Modena, at St James's Palace in London, increases public disquiet about a Catholic dynasty, particularly when the baby is baptised into the Catholic faith. Rumours about his true maternity swiftly begin to circulate.
- June 24 – French forces under Chevalier de Beauregard abandon their garrison at Mergui, following repeated Siamese attacks; this ultimately leads to their withdrawal from the country.[18]
- June 30 – A high-powered conspiracy of notables (the Immortal Seven) invite Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange and Princess Mary to "defend the liberties of England", and depose King James VII and II.[19]
### July–September
- July 13 – The siege of Negroponte by the Venetians begins.[20]
- August 1 – Phetracha becomes king of Ayutthaya, after a coup d'état.[21]
- August 27 – The funding of the armed invasion of William III in England causes a financial crisis in the Dutch Republic.[22]
- September 6 – Great Turkish War: The Habsburg army captures Belgrade.[23]
- September 24 – Louis XIV publishes his manifesto Memoire de raisons, which lists his grievances and demands. He cites three major things as grievances: Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg, who had been earlier elected to be the coadjutor-archbishop of Cologne with support of Louis being vetoed by the pope, the continued aggressions and forming of alliances against France and providing an alternative to Fürstenberg in the Cologne election by the Holy Roman Empire, and Philip William becoming Elector Palatine and seizing the territory, which he believed belonged to Elizabeth Charlotte.[24]
- September 27 – The Nine Years' War begins in Europe and America after Louis XIV attacks Philippsburg in the Holy Roman Empire.[25]
### October–December
- October 21 – The Venetians raise the siege of Negroponte.[8]: 358
- October 26 – King James II of England dismisses his minister Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland.[26]
- November 11 (November 1 OS) – Glorious Revolution: William III of Orange sets sail a second time from Hellevoetsluis, the Netherlands, to take over England, Scotland and Ireland from King James II of England.[27][28]
- November 15 (November 5 OS) – The Glorious Revolution begins: William of Orange lands at Torbay, England with a multinational force of 20,000 soldiers.[29] He makes no claim to the British Crown, saying only that he has come to save Protestantism and to maintain English liberty, and begins a march on London.
- November 19 (November 9 OS) – William of Orange captures Exeter, after the magistrates flee the city.[30]
- November 20 (November 10 OS) – The Wincanton Skirmish between forces loyal to James II led by Patrick Sarsfield and a party of Dutch troops is one of the few armed clashes in England during the Glorious Revolution.[31]
- November 23 – A group of 1,500 Old Believers immolate themselves to avoid capture, when troops of the tsar lay siege to their monastery on Lake Onega.
- November 26 – Hearing that William of Orange has landed in England, Louis XIV declares war on the Netherlands.[32]
- December 7 – December 7: The shutting of the gates in Derry in a stained glass window of the Guildhall[33] The gates of Derry are shut in front of the Jacobite Earl of Antrim and his "redshanks".[34] This initiates the siege of Derry, which is the first major event in the Williamite War in Ireland.
- December 9 – The Battle of Reading takes place in Reading, Berkshire. It is the only substantial military action in England during the Glorious Revolution and ends in a decisive victory for forces loyal to William of Orange.
- December 11 – Having led his army to Salisbury and been deserted by his troops, James VII and II attempts to flee to France.
- December 18 – William of Orange, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic and the future King William III of the United Kingdom, enters London.[35]
### Date unknown
- The Austrians incite the Chiprovtsi Uprising against the Ottomans in Bulgaria after the siege of Belgrade.[36]
- Neuruppin becomes a Prussian garrison town.
- The earliest known mention of the balalaika is made.[37]
- Oroonoko, one of the first English novels and the first by a professional female author (Aphra Behn) is published.
## Births
- January 15 – Maria van Lommen, Dutch gold- and silversmith (d. 1742)[38]
- January 18 – Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1765)[39]
- January 23 – Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden (d. 1741)[40]
- January 29 – Emanuel Swedenborg, Swedish scientist, philosopher and theologian (d. 1772)[41]
- February 4 – Pierre de Marivaux, French playwright (d. 1763)[42]
- March – William Burnet, British colonial administrator (d. 1729)[43]
- March 14 – Anna Maria Garthwaite, British designer (d. 1763)[44]
- April 4 – Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, French astronomer (d. 1768)[45]
- April 15 – Johann Friedrich Fasch, German composer (d. 1758)[46]
- May 21 – Alexander Pope, English poet (d. 1744)[47]
- June 10 – James Francis Edward Stuart, The Old Pretender, claimant to the English and Scottish throne (d. 1766)[48]
- July 19 – Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)[49]
- June 30 – Abu l-Hasan Ali I, ruler of Tunisia (d. 1756)
- August 14 – King Frederick William I of Prussia (d. 1740)
- September 12 – Ferdinand Brokoff, Czech sculptor (d. 1731)[50]
- October 17 – Domenico Zipoli, Italian-born composer (d. 1726)[51]
- October 22 – Nader Shah of Persia (d. 1747)[52]
- November 15 (bapt.) – Charles Rivington, English publisher (d. 1742)[53]
## Deaths
- January 7 – James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk[54]
- January 27 – Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, concubine of Qing Dynasty ruler Hong Taiji (b. 1613)[55]
- January 28 – Ferdinand Verbiest, Flemish Jesuit missionary in China (b. 1623)[56]
- February 2 – Abraham Duquesne, French naval officer (b. 1610)[57]
- February 13 – David Christiani, German mathematician and philosopher (b. 1610)[58]
- February 17 – James Renwick, Scottish minister and Covenanter martyr (b. 1662)[59]
- February 28 – Johann Sigismund Elsholtz, German naturalist and physician (b. 1623)[60]
- March 1 – Sir Thomas Slingsby, 2nd Baronet of England (b. 1636)[61]
- March 3 – Marie de Lorraine, Duchess of Guise (b. 1615)[62]
- March 8 – Honoré Fabri, French mathematician (b. 1608)[63]
- March 20 – Maria of Orange-Nassau, Dutch princess (b. 1642)[64]
- March 23 – Marcantonio Giustinian, 107th Doge of Venice (b. 1619)[65]
- March 26 – Winston Churchill, English noble, soldier (b. 1620)[66]
- March 27 – Frederick, Burgrave of Dohna, Dutch officer, and governor of Orange (b. 1621)[67]
- April 28 – Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow, German nobleman, titular Duke of Mecklenburg (b. 1638)[68]
- April 29 – Friedrich Wilhelm, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1620)[13]
- May 14 – Antoine Furetière, French writer (b. 1619)[69]
- May 22 – Johannes Andreas Quenstedt, German theologian (b. 1617)[70]
- June 1 – Peder Hansen Resen, Danish historian (b. 1625)[71]
- June 3 – Maximilian Henry of Bavaria, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1621)[72]
- June 5 – Constantine Phaulkon, Greek adventurer (b. 1647)[17]
- June 26
- John Claypole, English politician (b. 1625)[73]
- Ralph Cudworth, English philosopher (b. 1617)[74]
- June 28 – Richard Winwood, English politician (b. 1609)[75]
- June 29 – Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere, Italian nobleman and Duke of Bomarzo (b. 1618)[76]
- July 11 – King Narai of Thailand (b. 1639)[14]: 453
- July 21 – James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, Irish statesman (b. 1610)[77]
- August 25 – Henry Morgan, Welsh privateer and Governor of Jamaica (b. c. 1635)[78]
- August 31 – John Bunyan, English writer (b. 1628)[79]
- September 2 – Robert Viner, Lord Mayor of London (b. 1631)[80]
- September 9 – Claude Mellan, French painter and engraver (b. 1598)[81]
- September 13 – Sir John Bright, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1619)[82]
- September 20 – Queen Jangnyeol, Korean royal consort (b. 1624)
- November 26 – Jacques Goulet, early pioneer in New France (now Québec) (b. 1615)[83]
- October 4
- Philips Koninck, Dutch painter (b. 1619)[84][85]
- Roger Pepys, English lawyer and politician (b. 1617)[86]
- October 6 – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English statesman (b. 1653)[87]
- October 9 – Claude Perrault, French architect (b. 1613)[88]
- October 14 – Joachim von Sandrart, German Baroque art-historian and painter (b. 1606)[89]
- October 23 – Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, French philologist (b. 1610)[90]
- November 26 – Philippe Quinault, French dramatist (b. 1635)[91]
- November 29 – Bohuslav Balbín, Czech writer and Jesuit (b. 1621)[92]
- December 4 – Sir Edward Seymour, 3rd Baronet, Member of Parliament (b. 1610)[93]
- December 8 – Thomas Flatman, British artist (b. 1635)[94]
- December 15 – Gaspar Fagel, Dutch statesman (b. 1634)[95]
- December 15 – Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart, French military man, brother of Madame de Montespan (b. 1636)[96]
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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1688|the company|Alibaba Group}}
{{Year nav|1688}}
[[File:Prince of Orange engraving by William Miller after Turner R739.jpg|thumb|300px|[[November 15]]: The [[Glorious Revolution]] begins as [[William III of England|William of Orange]], primary Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, leads an invasion of England with 20,000 soldiers and marches towards [[London]].]]
{{C17 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1688}}
== Events ==
=== January–March ===
* [[January 2]] – Fleeing from the Spanish Navy, French pirate [[Raveneau de Lussan]] and his 70 men arrive on the west coast of Nicaragua, sink their boats, and make a difficult 10 day march to the city of [[Ocotal]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=de Lussan |first1=Raveneau |last2=Wilbur |first2=Marguerite Eyer |title=Raveneau de Lussan, buccaneer of the Spanish Main and early French filibuster of the Pacific |date=1930 |publisher=The Arthur H. Clark company |pages=251, 257–262 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b721060&view=1up&seq=271&q1=seventy |access-date=6 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[January 5]] – Pirates [[Charles Swan (pirate)|Charles Swan]] and [[William Dampier]] and the crew of the privateer ''Cygnet'' become the first Englishmen to set foot on the continent of [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Abbott |first1=J.H.M. |title=The story of William Dampier |date=1911 |publisher=Angus & Robertson Ltd. |pages=55–56|location=Sydney |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-39403686/view?partId=nla.obj-39409291#page/n56/mode/1up |access-date=7 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 11]] – The [[Patta Fort]] and the [[Avandha Fort]], located in what is now [[India]]'s [[Maharashtra]] state near [[Ahmednagar]], are captured from the [[Maratha clan]] by Mughul Army commander Matabar Khan. The Mughal Empire rules the area 73 years.
* [[January 17]] – [[Ilona Zrínyi]], who has defended the [[Palanok Castle]] in [[Hungary]] from Austrian Imperial forces since 1685, is forced to surrender to General [[Antonio Carafa (general)|Antonio Caraffa]].
* [[January 29]] – Madame [[Jeanne Guyon]], French mystic, is arrested in France and imprisoned for seven months.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Guerrier |first1=Louis |title=Madame Guyon: sa vie, sa doctrine et son influence, d'après les écrits originaux et des documents inédits |date=1881 |publisher=H. Herluison |pages=158, 170 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cmorAAAAYAAJ&q=septembre%201688 |access-date=7 June 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[January 30]] (January 20, 1687 old style) – [[James II of England|King James II]] of England and Scotland issues [[Acts of grace (piracy)#1687/8 proclamation|a proclamation offering amnesty to pirates]] in the West Indies who surrender to [[Robert Holmes (Royal Navy officer)|Sir Robert Holmes]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brigham |first1=Clarence Saunders |title=British royal proclamations relating to America, 1603-1783 |date=1911 |publisher=American Antiquarian Society |location=Worcester |page=140 |url=https://archive.org/details/royalproclamations12brigrich/page/140/mode/2up |access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[February 7]] – Six French Jesuit scientists, [[Joachim Bouvet]], [[Jean-François Gerbillon]], [[Louis-Daniel Lecomte]], [[Guy Tachard]], [[Claude de Visdelou]] and the leader, [[Jean de Fontaney]], arrive in [[Beijing]] and are welcomed by the [[Kangxi Emperor|Emperor of China, Kangxi]].<ref>[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02723b.htm "Joachim Bouvet"], The Catholic Encyclopedia online, NewAdvent.org</ref>
* [[February 17]] – [[James Renwick (Covenanter)|James Renwick]], the last of the [[Covenanters]] in Scotland to be martyred for opposing the authority of [[Charles II of England|King Charles II]], is publicly hanged at [[Grassmarket]] square in [[Edinburgh]].
* [[February 23]] – [[Abaza Siyavuş Pasha]], the [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]], is assassinated by the [[Janissary|Janissaries]], the Turkish troops who had placed him in power in September, after the new Sultan fails to make payment of an expected bonus.
* [[February 28]] – The French opera ''[[David et Jonathas]]'', composed by [[Marc-Antoine Charpentier]], is performed for the first time.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Letellier |first1=Robert Ignatius |title=The Bible in Music |date=23 June 2017 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-6848-8 |page=306 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVwpDwAAQBAJ&dq=David+et+Jonathas+%2228+february+1688%22&pg=PA306 |access-date=7 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 1]] – A great fire devastates [[Bungay]], [[Kingdom of England|England]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kirby |first1=John |title=The Suffolk Traveller |date=1764 |publisher=J. Shave |location=London |page=157 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c34_AQAAMAAJ&dq=fire+bungay+%221+march+1688%22&pg=PA157 |access-date=7 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March]] – [[William Dampier]] makes the first recorded visit to [[Christmas Island]], now a territory of Australia, located south of the island of Java (now part of Indonesia).
=== April–June ===
* [[April 3]] – [[Francesco Morosini]] becomes [[Doge of Venice]].<ref name="NE">{{cite book |last1=Setton |first1=Kenneth Meyer |title=Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century |date=1991 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-87169-192-7 |page=346 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XN51y209fR8C&dq=Francesco+Morosini+%223+april+1688%22&pg=PA346|access-date=7 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|346}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Romanin |first1=Samuele |title=Storia documentata di Venezia: Tomo VII |date=1858 |publisher=Naratovich |page=491 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lHQ5AAAAcAAJ&dq=Francesco+Morosini+%223+aprile+1688%22&pg=PA491 |access-date=7 June 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
* [[April 9]] – [[Morean War]]: The Venetian forces under [[Francesco Morosini]] evacuate [[Athens]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bearman |first1=P. |last2=Bianquis |first2=Th. |last3=Bosworth |first3=C.E. |last4=van Donzel |first4=E. |last5=Heinrichs |first5=W.P. |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |date=1986 |publisher=Brill |page=739 |url=https://archive.org/details/ei2-complete/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam_vol_1_A-B/page/739/mode/2up?q=athens |access-date=7 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Piraeus]].
* [[April 18]] (Julian calendar) – The Germantown ''Quaker Protest Against Slavery'' is drafted by four [[Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Germantown]] [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=II |first1=Edwin Wolf |title=Germantown and the Germans|date=1983 |publisher=The Library Company of Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-914076-72-8 |page=11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VmzfBuX1Z2QC&dq=%22april+18+1688%22+Quaker+Protest+Against+Slavery&pg=PA11 |access-date=7 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 4]] – King [[James VII and II|James II of England]] orders his [[Declaration of Indulgence (1687)|Declaration of Indulgence]], suspending penal laws against [[Catholic Church|Catholics]], to be read from every [[Anglican]] pulpit in England.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Killeen |first1=Kevin |last2=Smith |first2=Helen |last3=Willie |first3=Rachel |title=The Oxford Handbook of the Bible in Early Modern England, C. 1530-1700 |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-968697-1 |page=442 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nAM7CgAAQBAJ&dq=Declaration+of+Indulgence+%224+may+1688%22&pg=PA442 |access-date=8 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Church of England]] and its staunchest supporters, the peers and gentry, are outraged; on [[June 8]] the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], [[William Sancroft]], is imprisoned in the [[Tower of London]] for refusing to proclaim it.
* [[May 9]] (April 29 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) – [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg|Friedrich Wilhelm]], the ''Great Elector'' of [[Brandenburg-Prussia]], dies.<ref name="FE">{{cite book |last1=Maurice |first1=C. Edmund |title=Life of Frederick William, the Great Elector of Brandenburg |date=1926 |publisher=G. Allen & Unwin ltd. |page=177 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015008725684&view=1up&seq=183&q1=1688 |access-date=7 June 2023}}</ref> [[Frederick I of Prussia|Friedrich III]] becomes [[Prince-elector|Elector]] of Brandenburg-Prussia until [[1701]], when he becomes the first King of [[Prussia]], as Friedrich I.
* [[May 10]] – King [[Narai]] of [[Ayutthaya kingdom|Ayutthaya]] nominates Princess [[Sudawadi]] as his successor, with [[Constantine Phaulkon]], Mom Pi and [[Phetracha]] acting as joint regents.<ref name="NA">{{cite book |last1=Cruysse |first1=Dirk van der |title=Siam and the West, 1500-1700 |date=2002 |publisher=Silkworm Books |location=Chiang Mai |isbn=978-974-7551-57-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/siamwest150017000000cruy/page/444/mode/2up?q=%2210+may%22 |access-date=8 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|444}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smithies |first1=Michael |title=Robert Challe and Siam |journal=Journal of the Siam Society |date=1993 |volume=81 |issue=1 |page=97 |url=https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/1993/03/JSS_081_1f_Smithies_RobertChalleAndSiam.pdf |access-date=8 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[May 17]] – The arrest of King [[Narai]] of Ayutthaya launches a [[Siamese revolution of 1688|coup d'état]].
* [[June 5]]
**A [[1688 Sannio earthquake|7.0 magnitude earthquake]]<ref>{{cite web |title=5 June 1688 earthquake |url=https://www.emidius.eu/AHEAD/event/16880605_1530_000 |website=www.emidius.eu |access-date=8 June 2023}}</ref> strikes southern Italy at 6:30 in the evening and kills at least 10,000 people in the [[Kingdom of Naples]] in what is now the [[province of Benevento]].
**[[Constantine Phaulkon]] is beheaded after having been arrested in May.<ref name="CP">{{cite thesis |last=Strach III |first=Walter J. |date=2004 |title=Constantine Phaulkon and Somdet Phra Narai: Dynamics of Court Politics in Seventeenth Century Siam |url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/18f5fa01-b83e-45e2-b981-639c319b7045/content |type=M.A |publisher=University of Hawai'i |pages=1–2 |access-date=8 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[June 10]] – The birth of [[James Francis Edward Stuart]] (later known as the ''Old Pretender''), son and heir to James II of England and his Catholic wife [[Mary of Modena]], at [[St James's Palace]] in London, increases public disquiet about a Catholic dynasty, particularly when the baby is baptised into the Catholic faith. Rumours about his true maternity swiftly begin to circulate.
* [[June 24]] – French forces under [[Chevalier de Beauregard]] abandon their garrison at [[Mergui]], following repeated Siamese attacks; this ultimately leads to their withdrawal from the country.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boucheron |first1=Patrick |last2=Gerson |first2=Stéphane |title=France in the World: A New Global History |date=9 April 2019 |publisher=Other Press, LLC |isbn=978-1-59051-942-4 |page=374 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7r9kDwAAQBAJ&dq=Chevalier+de+Beauregard+mergui+24+june+1688&pg=PA374 |access-date=8 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 30]] – A high-powered conspiracy of notables (the ''[[Invitation to William|Immortal Seven]]'') invite Dutch [[stadtholder]] [[William III of England|William III of Orange]] and [[Mary II of England|Princess Mary]] to "defend the liberties of England", and depose [[James II of England|King James VII and II]].<ref>{{cite book |title=In Their Own Words 2: More letters from history |date=6 September 2018 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-84486-524-6 |pages=56–57 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEptDwAAQBAJ&dq=immortal+seven+william+ii+%2230+june+1688%22&pg=PT57 |access-date=9 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
=== July–September ===
* [[July 13]] – The [[Siege of Negroponte (1688)|siege of Negroponte]] by the Venetians begins.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Andrews |first1=Kevin |title=Castles of the Morea |date=1 June 2006 |publisher=ISD LLC |isbn=978-1-62139-028-2 |page=183 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aha1EAAAQBAJ&dq=Siege+of+Negroponte++13+july+1688&pg=PA183 |access-date=9 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 1]] – [[Phetracha]] becomes king of [[Ayutthaya kingdom|Ayutthaya]], after a [[Siamese revolution of 1688|coup d'état]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Touche |first1=de La |last2=Verquains |first2=Jean Vollant des |title=Three Military Accounts of the 1688 'revolution' in Siam |date=2002 |publisher=Orchid Press |isbn=978-974-524-005-6 |page=184 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQdvAAAAMAAJ&q=crowned |access-date=9 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 27]] – The funding of the [[Glorious Revolution|armed invasion]] of [[William III of England|William III]] in England causes a financial crisis in the Dutch Republic.<ref>{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NCvyi5_m6ScC&dq=crash+amsterdam+august+1688&pg=PA353| title = The Anglo-Dutch Moment: Essays on the Glorious Revolution and Its World Impact by Jonathan Irvine Israel| isbn = 9780521544061| last1 = Israel| first1 = Jonathan Irvine| date = October 30, 2003| publisher = Cambridge University Press}}</ref>
* [[September 6]] – [[Great Turkish War]]: The Habsburg army [[Siege of Belgrade (1688)|captures Belgrade]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Amedoski |first1=Dragana |title=Belgrade 1521-1867 |date=26 December 2018 |publisher=Istorijski institut |isbn=978-86-7743-132-7 |pages=80–81 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JF6LDwAAQBAJ&q=%20%226%20september%201688%22 |access-date=9 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 24]] – [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] publishes his manifesto ''Memoire de raisons'', which lists his grievances and demands. He cites three major things as grievances: [[Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg]], who had been earlier elected to be the coadjutor-archbishop of Cologne with support of Louis being vetoed by the [[Pope Innocent XI|pope]], the continued aggressions and forming of alliances against France and providing an alternative to Fürstenberg in the Cologne election by the [[Holy Roman Empire]], and [[Philip William, Elector Palatine|Philip William]] becoming Elector Palatine and seizing the territory, which he believed belonged to [[Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine|Elizabeth Charlotte]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=XIV |first1=Louis |title=The French King's memorial to the Emperor of Germany |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A49229.0001.001/1:2.2?rgn=div2;view=fulltext |access-date=10 June 2023 |date=1688}}</ref>
* [[September 27]] – The [[War of the Grand Alliance|Nine Years' War]] begins in [[Europe]] and [[United States|America]] after [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] [[Siege of Philippsburg (1688)|attacks Philippsburg]] in the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mijers |first1=Esther |last2=Onnekink |first2=David |title=Redefining William III : the impact of the king-stadholder in international context |date=2007 |publisher=Ashgate |location=Aldershot |isbn=978-0-7546-5028-7 |page=55 |url=https://archive.org/details/redefiningwillia0000unse/page/54/mode/2up?q=%2227+september%22 |access-date=10 June 2023}}</ref>
=== October–December ===
* [[October 21]] – The Venetians raise the [[Siege of Negroponte (1688)|siege of Negroponte]].<ref name="NE" />{{rp|358}}
* [[October 26]] – King [[James II of England]] dismisses his [[Minister (government)|minister]] [[Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kenyon |first1=John Philipps |title=Robert Spencer, Earl of Sunderland, 1641-1702 |date=1975 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport |isbn=978-0-8371-8150-9 |page=226 |url=https://archive.org/details/robertspencerear0000keny/page/226/mode/2up |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[November 11]] (November 1 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) – [[Glorious Revolution]]: [[William III of Orange]] sets sail a second time from [[Hellevoetsluis]], the Netherlands, to take over England, Scotland and Ireland from [[King James II of England]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jardine |first1=Lisa |title=Temptation in the Archives |date=2015 |publisher=UCL Press |location=London |isbn=9781910634097 |page=18 |url=https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/33203/548010.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ormrod |first1=David |last2=Rommelse |first2=Gijs |title=War, Trade and the State: Anglo-Dutch Conflict, 1652-89 |date=2020 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-1-78327-324-9 |page=115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aAo7EAAAQBAJ&dq=Hellevoetsluis+%2211+november+1688%22&pg=PA115 |access-date=9 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 15]] (November 5 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) – The Glorious Revolution begins: [[William III of England|William of Orange]] lands at [[Torbay]], England with a multinational force of 20,000 soldiers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hoppit |first1=Julian |authorlink=Julian Hoppit|title=A Land of Liberty?: England 1689-1727 |date=22 June 2000 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-158652-1 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OKWpDgAAQBAJ&dq=william+20,000+%225+november+1688%22&pg=PA15 |access-date=9 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref> He makes no claim to the British Crown, saying only that he has come to save [[Protestantism]] and to maintain English liberty, and begins a march on [[London]].
* [[November 19]] (November 9 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) – William of Orange captures [[Exeter]], after the magistrates flee the city.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Longmate |first1=Norman |title=Island fortress : the defence of Great Britain 1603-1945 |date=2001 |publisher=Pimlico |location=London |isbn=978-0-7126-6813-2 |page=108 |url=https://archive.org/details/islandfortressde0000long/page/108/mode/2up?q=exeter |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[November 20]] (November 10 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) – The [[Wincanton Skirmish]] between forces loyal to James II led by [[Patrick Sarsfield]] and a party of Dutch troops is one of the few armed clashes in England during the Glorious Revolution.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wauchope |first1=Piers |title=Patrick Sarsfield and the Williamite War |date=1992 |publisher=Irish Academic Press |location=Dublin |isbn=978-0-7165-2476-2 |pages=36–39 |url=https://archive.org/details/patricksarsfield0000wauc/page/36/mode/2up |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[November 23]] – A group of 1,500 [[Old Believers]] [[Self-immolation|immolate]] themselves to avoid capture, when troops of the [[Peter I of Russia|tsar]] lay [[siege]] to their [[monastery]] on [[Lake Onega]].
* [[November 26]] – Hearing that William of Orange has landed in [[England]], [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] declares war on the [[Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Modelski |first1=George |title=Documenting Global Leadership |date=18 June 1988 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-349-10227-3 |page=189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yGuuCwAAQBAJ&dq=%2226+november+1688%22+louis+xiv+holy+roman+empire&pg=PA189 |access-date=10 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 7]] – [[File:Derry Guildhall Tercentenary Window of The Honourable The Irish Society Detail The shutting of the gates 7 December 1688 A.D. 2019 08 29.jpg|thumb|upright|[[December 7]]: The shutting of the gates in [[Derry]] in a stained glass window of the [[Guildhall, Derry|Guildhall]]<ref>{{cite journal |first=Billy |last=Kelly |title=THE GUILDHALL: Derry's Museum in Glass |journal=History Ireland |volume=17 |issue=6 |date=2009 |pages=66–69 |jstor=40588462}}</ref>]] The gates of [[Derry]] are shut in front of the Jacobite [[Alexander MacDonnell, 3rd Earl of Antrim|Earl of Antrim]] and his "redshanks".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Reid |first1=James Seaton |last2=Killen |first2=William Dool |last3=Alexander |first3=Samuel Davies |title=History of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland |date=1860 |publisher=Robert Charter & Brothers |location=New York |page=232 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofpresbyt00reid/page/232/mode/2up?q=%227th+of+december%22 |access-date=10 June 2023}}</ref> This initiates the [[siege of Derry]], which is the first major event in the [[Williamite War in Ireland]].
* [[December 9]] – The Battle of Reading takes place in Reading, Berkshire. It is the only substantial military action in England during the Glorious Revolution and ends in a decisive victory for forces loyal to William of Orange.
* [[December 11]] – Having led his army to [[Salisbury]] and been deserted by his troops, [[James II of England|James VII and II]] attempts to flee to France.
* [[December 18]] – [[William III of England|William of Orange]], Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic and the future King William III of the United Kingdom, enters London.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Israel |first1=Jonathan Irvine |title=The Anglo-Dutch Moment: Essays on the Glorious Revolution and Its World Impact |date=30 October 2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54406-1 |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCvyi5_m6ScC&dq=william+of+orange+london+%2218+december+1688%22&pg=PA1 |access-date=10 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Austria]]ns incite the [[Chiprovtsi Uprising]] against the [[Ottoman Caliphate|Ottomans]] in [[Bulgaria]] after the [[Siege of Belgrade (1688)|siege of Belgrade]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cholov |first1=Petar |title=Chiprovskoto vystanie 1688 g. - 9 |url=http://macedonia.kroraina.com/chipr/chipr_9.html |website=macedonia.kroraina.com |access-date=10 June 2023|language=bg}}</ref>
* [[Neuruppin]] becomes a [[Prussia]]n [[Garrison|garrison town]].
* The earliest known mention of the [[balalaika]] is made.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ekkel |first1=Bibs |title=Complete Balalaika Book |date=18 August 2011 |publisher=Mel Bay Publications |isbn=978-1-61065-566-8 |page=89 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Al2JNQLvpc4C&dq=Balalaika+%221688%22&pg=PA89 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* ''[[Oroonoko]]'', one of the first English novels and the first by a professional female author ([[Aphra Behn]]) is published.</onlyinclude>
== Births ==
[[File:Emanuel Swedenborg.PNG|thumb|right|110px|[[Emanuel Swedenborg]]]]
* [[January 15]] – [[Maria van Lommen]], Dutch gold- and [[silversmith]] (d. [[1742]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Lommen, Maria van |url=https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Lomme |website=resources.huygens.knaw.nl |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[January 18]] – [[Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset]], Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. [[1765]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burke |first1=Bernard |title=A Genealogical History of the Dormant: Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire |date=1866 |publisher=Harrison |location=London |page=464 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K3MaAAAAYAAJ&dq=Lionel+Sackville+%2218+january+1688%22&pg=PA464 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 23]] – Queen [[Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden]] (d. [[1741]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulrika Eleonora {{!}} queen of Sweden |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ulrika-Eleonora |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=17 April 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 29]] – [[Emanuel Swedenborg]], Swedish scientist, philosopher and theologian (d. [[1772]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stroh |first1=Alfred H. |title=Grunddragen af Swedenborgs lif |date=1908 |publisher=Nykyrkliga bokförlaget |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rOEvAQAAMAAJ&dq=Emanuel+Swedenborg+%2229+januari+1688%22&pg=PA1 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=sv}}</ref>
* [[February 4]] – [[Pierre de Marivaux]], French playwright (d. [[1763]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Levi |first1=Anthony |title=Guide to French literature |date=1992 |publisher=St. James Press |location=Chicago |isbn=978-1-55862-159-6 |page=494 |url=https://archive.org/details/guidetofrenchlit0000levi/page/494/mode/2up?q=%224+february%22 |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref>
* March – [[William Burnet (administrator)|William Burnet]], British colonial administrator (d. [[1729]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Capen |first1=Nahum |title=The Massachusetts State Record and Year Book of General Information |date=1849 |publisher=J. French |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ur8TAAAAYAAJ&dq=William+Burnet+%22march+1688%22&pg=PA42 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 14]] – [[Anna Maria Garthwaite]], British designer (d. [[1763]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=Gordon |title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts |date=9 November 2006 |volume=1|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-518948-3 |page=409 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i3Od9bcGus0C&dq=Anna+Maria+Garthwaite+%2214+march+1688%22&pg=PA409 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 4]] – [[Joseph-Nicolas Delisle]], French astronomer (d. [[1768]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Edney |first1=Matthew H. |last2=Pedley |first2=Mary Sponberg |title=The History of Cartography |date=15 May 2020 |volume=4|publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-33922-1 |page=342 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m9fkDwAAQBAJ&dq=Joseph-Nicolas+Delisle+%224+april+1688%22&pg=PA342 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 15]] – [[Johann Friedrich Fasch]], German composer (d. [[1758]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Unger |first1=Melvin P. |title=Historical Dictionary of Choral Music |date=17 June 2010 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7392-6 |page=123 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SvD9Ou7wdccC&dq=Johann+Friedrich+Fasch+%2215+april+1688%22&pg=PA123 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 21]] – [[Alexander Pope]], English poet (d. [[1744]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Pope, Alexander |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-22526 |year=2004 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/22526}}</ref>
* [[June 10]] – [[James Francis Edward Stuart]], ''The Old Pretender'', claimant to the English and Scottish throne (d. [[1766]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=Olive Peggy |title=James |date=1971 |publisher=Allen and Unwin |location=London |isbn=978-0-04-923056-9 |page=23 |url=https://archive.org/details/james00mill/page/22/mode/2up |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[July 19]] – [[Giuseppe Castiglione (Jesuit)|Giuseppe Castiglione]], Italian missionary to China (d. [[1766]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beurdeley |first1=Cécile |last2=Beurdeley |first2=Michel |title=Giuseppe Castiglione: A Jesuit Painter at the Court of the Chinese Emperors |date=1972 |publisher=Lund Humphries |isbn=978-0-8048-0987-0 |page=11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yD04AQAAIAAJ&q=Giuseppe+Castiglione+19+july+1688 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 30]] – [[Abu l-Hasan Ali I]], ruler of Tunisia (d. [[1756]])
* [[August 14]] – King [[Frederick William I of Prussia]] (d. [[1740]])
* [[September 12]] – [[Ferdinand Brokoff]], Czech sculptor (d. [[1731]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Umění |first1=Kruh pro Pěstování Dějin |title=Rocěnka |date=1922 |page=46 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JBBGAQAAMAAJ&dq=Ferdinand+Maxmili%C3%A1n+Brokoff+%2212.+z%C3%A1%C5%99%C3%AD+1688%22&pg=PA46 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=cs}}</ref>
* [[October 17]] – [[Domenico Zipoli]], Italian-born composer (d. [[1726]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chapple |first1=Christopher |title=The Jesuit Tradition in Education and Missions: A 450-year Perspective |date=1993 |publisher=University of Scranton Press |isbn=978-0-940866-17-1 |page=220 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSHaAAAAMAAJ&q=%2217%20october%201688%22 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 22]] – [[Nader Shah]] of [[Persia]] (d. [[1747]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lockhart |first1=L. |title=Nadir Shah |date=1938 |publisher=Al-Irfan |location=London |page=18 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.236028/page/n29/mode/2up?q=1688 |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[November 15]] ''(bapt.)'' – [[Charles Rivington]], English publisher (d. [[1742]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Rivington family |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-70881 |year=2004 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/70881}}</ref>
== Deaths ==
[[File:Le Pere Ferdinand Verbiest.gif|thumb|right|110px|[[Ferdinand Verbiest]]]]
[[File:James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde by William Wissing.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond]]]]
* [[January 7]] – [[James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cokayne |first1=George Edward |title=The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, Or Dormant |date=1926 |publisher=St. Catherine Press |page=590 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TUxmAAAAMAAJ&dq=James+Howard,+3rd+Earl+of+Suffolk+7+january+1688&pg=PA590 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 27]] – [[Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang]], concubine of Qing Dynasty ruler Hong Taiji (b. [[1613]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sr |first1=Arthur W. Hummel |title=Eminent Chinese of the Qing Period: 1644-1911/2 |date=1 January 2018 |publisher=Berkshire Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-61472-849-8 |page=705 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Ge9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA705 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[January 28]] – [[Ferdinand Verbiest]], Flemish Jesuit missionary in China (b. [[1623]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Herbermann |first1=Charles |title=The Catholic Encyclopedia |date=1912 |volume=15|location=New York|publisher=Robert Appleton Company |page=346 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PqkKeeFYUVgC&dq=Ferdinand+Verbiest+%2228+january+1688%22&pg=PA346 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[February 2]] – [[Abraham Duquesne]], French naval officer (b. [[1610]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vergé-Franceschi |first1=Michel |title=Abraham Duquesne: huguenot et marin du Roi-Soleil |date=1992 |publisher=France-Empire |isbn=978-2-7048-0705-5 |page=323 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sZcZAAAAIAAJ&q=%222%20f%C3%A9vrier%201688%22 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[February 13]] – [[David Christiani]], German mathematician and philosopher (b. [[1610]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Biographie |first1=Deutsche |title=Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie |date=1876 |publisher=Historical Commission of the Bavarian Academy of Science |url=https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz8299.html#adbcontent |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[February 17]] – [[James Renwick (Covenanter)|James Renwick]], Scottish minister and Covenanter martyr (b. [[1662]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tarantino |first1=Giovanni |last2=Zika |first2=Charles |title=Feeling Exclusion: Religious Conflict, Exile and Emotions in Early Modern Europe |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |page=175 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/pdfviewer/ |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[February 28]] – [[Johann Sigismund Elsholtz]], German naturalist and physician (b. [[1623]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ferguson |first1=John |title=Bibliotheca chemica |date=1906 |publisher=Holland Press |location=London |page=238 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Jhw86w4BXYC&dq=Johann+Sigismund+Elsholtz+%2228+february+1688%22&pg=PA238 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 1]] – [[Sir Thomas Slingsby, 2nd Baronet]] of England (b. [[1636]])<ref>{{cite web |title=SLINGSBY, Sir Thomas, 2nd Bt |url=http://historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/slingsby-sir-thomas-1636-88 |website=historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[March 3]] – [[Marie de Lorraine, Duchess of Guise]] (b. [[1615]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Poupardière |first1=Charles Louis de Foucault de la |title=Histoire de Léopold 1er. Duc de Lorraine et de Bar|date=1791 |publisher=Emm. Flonn |location=Bruxelles |page=422 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1nJgAAAAcAAJ&dq=Marie+de+Lorraine+%223+mars+1688%22&pg=PA422 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[March 8]] – [[Honoré Fabri]], French mathematician (b. [[1608]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Elazar |first1=Michael |title=Honoré Fabri and the Concept of Impetus: A Bridge between Conceptual Frameworks |date=20 May 2011 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-007-1605-6 |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oflPGMWcdd8C&dq=Honor%C3%A9+Fabri+%228+march+1688%22&pg=PR7 |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 20]] – [[Maria of Orange-Nassau (1642–1688)|Maria of Orange-Nassau]], Dutch princess (b. [[1642]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Maria prinses van Oranje (1642-1688) |url=https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/MariavanOranje |website=resources.huygens.knaw.nl |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[March 23]] – [[Marcantonio Giustinian]], 107th Doge of Venice (b. [[1619]])<ref>{{cite web |title=GIUSTINIAN, Marcantonio |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/marcantonio-giustinian_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ |website=www.treccani.it |access-date=11 June 2023 |language=it-IT}}</ref>
* [[March 26]] – [[Winston Churchill (1620–1688)|Winston Churchill]], English noble, soldier (b. [[1620]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stephen |first1=Leslie |title=Dictionary of National Biography |date=1887 |publisher=Macmillan |page=342 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wy0JAAAAIAAJ&dq=Winston+Churchill+%2226+march+1688%22&pg=PA342 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[March 27]] – [[Frederick, Burgrave of Dohna]], Dutch officer, and governor of Orange (b. [[1621]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dohna |first1=Friedrich von Burggraf |title=Les mémoires du Burgrave et Comte Frédéric de Dohna |date=1898 |publisher=B. Teichert |page=35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2KJPAAAAYAAJ&dq=Friedrich+von+Dohna+%2227+marz+1688&pg=PR35 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[April 28]] – [[Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow]], German nobleman, titular Duke of Mecklenburg (b. [[1638]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mülverstedt |first1=George Adalbert von |title=Die brandenburgische Kriegsmacht unter dem Großen Kurfürsten: quellenmäßige Darstellung aller einzelnen, in der Zeit von 1640 bis 1688 bestehenden kurbrandenburgischen Regimenter |date=1888 |publisher=Baensch |page=336 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q92HoC84gcMC&dq=Friedrich+zu+Mecklenburg+%2228+april+1688%22&pg=PA336 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[April 29]] – [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg|Friedrich Wilhelm, Elector of Brandenburg]] (b. [[1620]])<ref name="FE" />
* [[May 14]] – [[Antoine Furetière]], French writer (b. [[1619]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bever |first1=Adolphe van |title=Les poètes du terroir du XVe siècle au XXe siècle |date=1918 |publisher=Delagrave |page=419 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dlYNAQAAMAAJ&dq=Antoine+Fureti%C3%A8re+%2214+mars+1688%22&pg=PA419 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[May 22]] – [[Johannes Andreas Quenstedt]], German theologian (b. [[1617]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Meyer |first1=Hermann Julius |title=Meyers Grosses Konversations-Lexikon |date=1907 |publisher=Bibliographisches Institut |page=416 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xEAWAAAAYAAJ&dq=Johann+Andreas+Quenstedt+%2222+mai.+1688%22&pg=PA516 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[June 1]] – [[Peder Hansen Resen]], Danish historian (b. [[1625]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bricka |first1=Carl Frederik |title=Dansk biografisk Lexikon |date=1905 |volume=14|publisher=F. Hegel & Søn |location=Copenhagen |page=13|url=https://runeberg.org/dbl/14/0015.html |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=da}}</ref>
* [[June 3]] – [[Maximilian Henry of Bavaria]], Roman Catholic bishop (b. [[1621]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bumüller |first1=Johannes |title=Lehrbuch der Weltgeschichte |date=1897 |publisher=Herdersche Verlagshandlung |page=202 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dr0tAAAAYAAJ&dq=Maximilian+Heinrich+von+Bayern+%223+juni+1688%22&pg=PA202 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[June 5]] – [[Constantine Phaulkon]], Greek adventurer (b. [[1647]])<ref name="CP" />
* [[June 26]]
** [[John Claypole]], English politician (b. [[1625]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Claypole [Cleypole, Claypoole], John |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-5567 |year=2004 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/5567}}</ref>
** [[Ralph Cudworth]], English philosopher (b. [[1617]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sgarbi |first1=Marco |title=Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy |date=27 October 2022 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-319-14169-5 |page=923 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=81yYEAAAQBAJ&dq=Ralph+Cudworth+%2226+june+1688%22&pg=PA923 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 28]] – [[Richard Winwood (MP)|Richard Winwood]], English politician (b. [[1609]])<ref>{{cite web |title=WINWOOD, Richard (1609-88) |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/winwood-richard-1609-88 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=12 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[June 29]] – [[Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere]], Italian nobleman and Duke of Bomarzo (b. [[1618]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lorin |first1=Giuseppe |title=Transtiberim: Trastevere, il mondo dell'oltretomba |date=7 February 2020 |publisher=Bibliotheka Edizioni |isbn=978-88-6934-295-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bspKDwAAQBAJ&dq=Ippolito+Lante+Montefeltro+della+Rovere+%2229+giugno+1688%22&pg=PT346 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=it}}</ref>
* [[July 11]] – King [[Narai of Thailand]] (b. [[1639]])<ref name="NA" />{{rp|453}}
* [[July 21]] – [[James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde]], Irish statesman (b. [[1610]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burke |first1=John |last2=Burke |first2=J. Bernard |title=Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire |date=1848 |publisher=Burke's Peerage Limited. |page=765 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=99lDAQAAMAAJ&dq=James+Butler,+%2221+july+1688%22&pg=PA765 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 25]] – [[Henry Morgan]], Welsh privateer and Governor of Jamaica (b. c. [[1635]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Morgan, Sir Henry |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-19224 |year=2004 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/19224}}</ref>
* [[August 31]] – [[John Bunyan]], English writer (b. [[1628]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brittain |first1=Vera |title=In the steps of John Bunyan : an excursion into Puritan England |date=1987 |publisher=Bedfordshire Leisure Services |location=Bedford |isbn=978-1-85351-022-9 |page=390 |url=https://archive.org/details/instepsofjohnbun0000brit/page/390/mode/2up?q=%2231+august%22 |access-date=12 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[September 2]] – [[Sir Robert Viner, 1st Baronet|Robert Viner]], Lord Mayor of London (b. [[1631]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Vyner [Viner], Sir Robert |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-28318 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/28318}}</ref>
* [[September 9]] – [[Claude Mellan]], French painter and engraver (b. [[1598]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=De Montaiglon |first1=M. Anatole |last2=Mariette |first2=Pierre Jean |title=Claude Mellan |date=1856 |publisher=P. Briez |page=67 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KlsCAAAAYAAJ&q=%229%20septembre%201688%22 |access-date=12 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[September 13]] – [[Sir John Bright, 1st Baronet]], English politician (b. [[1619]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Bright, Sir John, baronet |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-3419|year=2004 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/3419}}</ref>
* [[September 20]] – [[Queen Jangnyeol]], Korean royal consort (b. [[1624]])
* [[November 26]] – [[Jacques Goulet]], early pioneer in New France (now Québec) (b. [[1615]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Mémoires de la Société généalogique canadienne-française |date=1964 |publisher=Société Généalogique Canadienne-Française |page=227 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OclhAAAAMAAJ&q=%2226%20Novembre%201688%22 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[October 4]]
** [[Philips Koninck]], Dutch painter (b. [[1619]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Philips Koninck |url=https://rkd.nl/en/artists/45590|publisher=[[Netherlands Institute for Art History]], RKD}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gerson |first1=Horst |last2=Koninck |first2=Philips |title=Philips Koninck: ein Beitrag zur Erforschung der holländischen Malerei des XVII. Jahrhunderts : mit vollständigem Oeuvrekatalog |date=1980 |publisher=Gebr. Mann |isbn=978-3-7861-1284-6 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JjNHAQAAIAAJ&q=6%20oktober%201688 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
** [[Roger Pepys]], English lawyer and politician (b. [[1617]])<ref>{{cite web |title=PEPYS, Roger |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/pepys-roger-1617-88 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=12 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[October 6]] – [[Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle]], English statesman (b. [[1653]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ashley |first1=Maurice |title=General Monck |date=1977 |publisher=Rowman and Littlefield |isbn=978-0-87471-934-5 |page=247 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRygAAAAMAAJ&q=%226%20october%201688%22 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 9]] – [[Claude Perrault]], French architect (b. [[1613]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Picon |first1=Antoine |title=Claude Perrault, 1613-1688, ou, La curiosité d'un classique |date=1988 |publisher=Picard |isbn=978-2-85822-081-6 |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfFPAAAAMAAJ&q=%20%229%20octobre%201688%22 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[October 14]] – [[Joachim von Sandrart]], German Baroque art-historian and painter (b. [[1606]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bühler |first1=Johannes |title=Deutsche Geschichte: Ergänzter Neudruck |date=1950 |publisher=W. de Gruyter |page=324 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzXRAAAAMAAJ&q=%2214%20oktober%201688%22 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
* [[October 23]] – [[Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange]], French philologist (b. [[1610]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de Paris et de l'Ile-de-France |date=1922 |publisher=Librairie d'Argences |page=70 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JRAMAAAAIAAJ&dq=Charles+du+Fresne,+sieur+du+Cange+22+octobre+1688&pg=PA70 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[November 26]] – [[Philippe Quinault]], French dramatist (b. [[1635]])<ref>{{cite book |title=Mémoires de la Société de l'histoire de Paris et de l'Île-de-France |date=1924 |volume=47|publisher=H. Champion |page=111 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UypMAAAAMAAJ&dq=Philippe+Quinault+%2226+novembre+1688%22&pg=PA111 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
* [[November 29]] – [[Bohuslav Balbín]], Czech writer and Jesuit (b. [[1621]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kalista |first1=Zdeněk |title=Bohuslav Balbín |date=1939 |publisher=Fr. Porov'y |page=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LjgAAAAAMAAJ&q=Bohuslav+Balb%C3%ADn+%22+29.+listopadu+1688%22 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=cs}}</ref>
* [[December 4]] – [[Sir Edward Seymour, 3rd Baronet]], Member of Parliament (b. [[1610]])<ref>{{cite web |title=SEYMOUR, Sir Edward, 3rd Bt. |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1660-1690/member/seymour-sir-edward-1610-88 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=12 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[December 8]] – [[Thomas Flatman]], British artist (b. [[1635]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Aronson |first1=Julie |last2=Wieseman |first2=Marjorie E. |title=Perfect Likeness: European and American Portrait Miniatures from the Cincinnati Art Museum |date=2006 |publisher=Yale University Press |page=178 |isbn=9780300115802 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tm9AUEJCYQ0C&dq=Thomas+Flatman+%228+december+1688%22&pg=PA178 |access-date=12 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[December 15]] – [[Gaspar Fagel]], Dutch statesman (b. [[1634]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peele |first1=Ada |title=Een uitzonderlijke erfgenaam: De verdeling van de nalatenschap van Koning-Stadhouder Willem III |date=2013 |publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren |isbn=978-90-8704-393-3 |page=53 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VAgUAgAAQBAJ&q=Gaspar%20Fagel%20%2215%20december%201688%22 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=nl}}</ref>
* [[December 15]] – [[Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart]], French military man, brother of [[Madame de Montespan]] (b. [[1636]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Trabouillet |first1=Louis |title=Etat de la France |date=1718 |location=Paris |page=258 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVhbLkxlYyYC&dq=Louis+Victor+de+Rochechouart+de+Mortemart+%2215+septembre+1688%22&pg=PA258 |access-date=12 June 2023 |language=fr}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1688}}
[[Category:1688| ]]
[[Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar]]
| 1,256,713,892
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[{"title": "1688 in various calendars", "data": {"Gregorian calendar": "1688 \u00b7 MDCLXXXVIII", "Ab urbe condita": "2441", "Armenian calendar": "1137 \u00b7 \u0539\u054e \u054c\u0543\u053c\u0537", "Assyrian calendar": "6438", "Balinese saka calendar": "1609\u20131610", "Bengali calendar": "1094\u20131095", "Berber calendar": "2638", "English Regnal year": "3 Ja. 2 \u2013 1 Will. & Mar.", "Buddhist calendar": "2232", "Burmese calendar": "1050", "Byzantine calendar": "7196\u20137197", "Chinese calendar": "\u4e01\u536f\u5e74 (Fire Rabbit) \u00b7 4385 or 4178 \u00b7 \u2014 to \u2014 \u00b7 \u620a\u8fb0\u5e74 (Earth Dragon) \u00b7 4386 or 4179", "Coptic calendar": "1404\u20131405", "Discordian calendar": "2854", "Ethiopian calendar": "1680\u20131681", "Hebrew calendar": "5448\u20135449", "- Vikram Samvat": "1744\u20131745", "- Shaka Samvat": "1609\u20131610", "- Kali Yuga": "4788\u20134789", "Holocene calendar": "11688", "Igbo calendar": "688\u2013689", "Iranian calendar": "1066\u20131067", "Islamic calendar": "1099\u20131100", "Japanese calendar": "J\u014dky\u014d 5 / Genroku 1 \u00b7 (\u5143\u7984\u5143\u5e74)", "Javanese calendar": "1611\u20131612", "Julian calendar": "Gregorian minus 10 days", "Korean calendar": "4021", "Minguo calendar": "224 before ROC \u00b7 \u6c11\u524d224\u5e74", "Nanakshahi calendar": "220", "Thai solar calendar": "2230\u20132231", "Tibetan calendar": "\u9634\u706b\u5154\u5e74 \u00b7 (female Fire-Rabbit) \u00b7 1814 or 1433 or 661 \u00b7 \u2014 to \u2014 \u00b7 \u9633\u571f\u9f99\u5e74 \u00b7 (male Earth-Dragon) \u00b7 1815 or 1434 or 662"}}]
| false
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# 1694 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
## Events
- Matsuo Bashō completes the writing of Oku no Hosomichi ("Narrow road to the interior").
## Works
- Joseph Addison, An Account of the Greatest English Poets[1]
- Edmund Arwaker, An Epistle to Monsieur Boileau, inviting his Muse to forsake the French interest and celebrate the King of England, verse addressed to Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, reflecting the high esteem the French poet had in England at a time when the French government was considered a dangerous enemy[2][3]
- Sir Thomas Pope Blount, De Re Poetica; or, Remarks upon Poetry, with Characters and Censures of the most considerable poets, whether Ancient or Modern, Extracted out of the Best and Choicest Critics , an anthology of criticism[4]
- Isabella Correa, translation of Il pastor fido into Spanish
- John Dryden and Jacob Tonson, editors, The Annual Miscellany: for the Year 1694, the fourth in a series published by Tonson from 1684–1709; sometimes referred to as "Dryden's third Miscellany or "Tonson's third Miscellany or just "the third Miscellany;[2] includes Dryden's translation from the original Latin of the third book of Virgil's Georgic[5]
- Charles Gildon, editor, Chorus Poetarum; or, Poems on Several Occasions, an anthology including work by Aphra Behn, the Duke of Buckingham, Sir John Denham, Sir George Etherege and Andrew Marvell[2]
- Charles Hopkins, Epistolary Poems[2]
## Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
- June 20 – Hans Adolph Brorson (died 1764), Danish Pietist bishop and hymnodist
- September 22 – Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield (died 1773), English statesman and poet
- November 21 – Voltaire, born François-Marie Arouet (died 1778), French Enlightenment writer, poet, essayist and philosopher
- Approximate date – James Bramston (died 1743), English poet
## Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
- November 28 – Matsuo Bashō (born 1644), Japanese Edo period poet
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
<!--This page is part of the ongoing [[List of years in poetry]] being assembled by WikiProject:Poetry. Please do not delete. Thank you. -->
{{Year nav topic5|1694|poetry|literature}}
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, [[Irish poetry|Irish]] or [[French poetry|France]]).
==Events==
*[[Matsuo Bashō]] completes the writing of ''[[Oku no Hosomichi]]'' ("Narrow road to the interior").
==Works==
* [[Joseph Addison]], ''An Account of the Greatest English Poets''<ref name=mvdjdas246>[[Mark Van Doren]], ''John Dryden: A Study of His Poetry'', p. 246, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, second edition, 1946 ("First Midland Book edition 1960")</ref>
* [[Edmund Arwaker]], ''An Epistle to Monsieur Boileau, inviting his Muse to forsake the French interest and celebrate the King of England'', verse addressed to [[Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux]], reflecting the high esteem the [[French poetry|French]] poet had in England at a time when the French government was considered a dangerous enemy<ref name=cocel>Cox, Michael, editor, ''The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature'', Oxford University Press, 2004, {{ISBN|0-19-860634-6}}</ref><ref>Clark, Alexander Frederick Bruce, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9385ZgRwSy4C&q=Boileau+and+the+French+Classical+Critics+in+England ''Boileau and the French Classical Critics in England (1660-1830)''], p. 20, Franklin, Burt, 1971, {{ISBN|978-0-8337-4046-5}}, retrieved via Google Books on February 13, 2010</ref>
* Sir [[Thomas Pope Blount]], ''De Re Poetica; or, Remarks upon Poetry, with Characters and Censures of the most considerable poets, whether Ancient or Modern, Extracted out of the Best and Choicest Critics '', an anthology of criticism<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9385ZgRwSy4C&q=Boileau+and+the+French+Classical+Critics+in+England Clark], p. 16, retrieved via Google Books on February 13, 2010</ref>
* [[Isabella Correa]], translation of ''[[Il pastor fido]]'' into [[Spanish poetry|Spanish]]
* [[John Dryden]] and [[Jacob Tonson]], editors, ''The Annual Miscellany: for the Year 1694'', the fourth in a series published by Tonson from 1684–1709; sometimes referred to as "Dryden's third ''Miscellany'' or "Tonson's third ''Miscellany'' or just "the third ''Miscellany'';<ref name=cocel/> includes Dryden's translation from the original [[Latin poetry|Latin]] of the third book of [[Virgil]]'s ''Georgic''<ref name=mvdjdas100>[[Mark Van Doren]], ''John Dryden: A Study of His Poetry'', p. 100, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, second edition, 1946 ("First Midland Book edition 1960")</ref>
* [[Charles Gildon]], editor, ''Chorus Poetarum; or, Poems on Several Occasions'', an anthology including work by [[Aphra Behn]], the Duke of Buckingham, Sir [[John Denham (poet)|John Denham]], Sir [[George Etherege]] and [[Andrew Marvell]]<ref name=cocel/>
* [[Charles Hopkins (poet)|Charles Hopkins]], ''Epistolary Poems''<ref name=cocel/>
==Births==
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* June 20 – [[Hans Adolph Brorson]] (died [[1764 in poetry|1764]]), [[Danish poetry|Danish]] [[Pietist]] bishop and hymnodist
* September 22 – [[Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield]] (died [[1773 in poetry|1773]]), [[English poetry|English]] statesman and poet
* November 21 – [[Voltaire]], born François-Marie Arouet (died [[1778 in poetry|1778]]), [[French poetry|French]] Enlightenment writer, poet, essayist and philosopher
* Approximate date – [[James Bramston]] (died [[1743 in poetry|1743]]), [[English poetry|English]] poet
==Deaths==
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* November 28 – [[Matsuo Bashō]] (born [[1644 in poetry|1644]]), [[Japanese poetry|Japanese]] [[Edo period]] poet
==See also==
{{portal|Poetry}}
* [[List of years in poetry]]
* [[List of years in literature]]
* [[17th century in poetry]]
* [[17th century in literature]]
* [[Poetry]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Poetry of different cultures and languages}}
{{Lists of poets}}
[[Category:17th-century poetry]]
[[Category:1694|Poetry]]
| 1,231,332,437
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# 1931 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships
The 1931 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships were contested at Lake Shore Athletic Club in Chicago, Illinois as part of the eighth annual NCAA swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate swimming and diving in the United States.
Only individual championships were officially contested during the first thirteen-NCAA sponsored swimming and diving championships. Unofficial team standings were kept, but a team title was not officially awarded until 1937.
By scoring 28 points to second-place Rutgers' 22 points, Michigan won the unofficial team championship, the Wolverines' third such title.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_NCAA_Swimming_and_Diving_Championships
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2024-11-18T12:57:53Z
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{{short description|American college aquatic sports competition}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox swimming meet
| name = 1931 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships
| image = Swimming pictogram.svg
| imagesize = 150px
| hostcity = {{flagicon|Illinois}} [[Evanston, Illinois]]
| dates = March 28, 1931
| venues = [[Lake Shore Athletic Club]]<br>[[Chicago, Illinois]]
| teams =
| athletes =
| events =
| footnotes =
| previous = [[1930 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships|1930]]
| next = [[1932 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships|1932]]
}}
The '''1931 [[NCAA Men's Division I Swimming and Diving Championships|NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships]]''' were contested at Lake Shore Athletic Club in [[Chicago, Illinois]] as part of the eighth annual [[NCAA]] swim meet to determine the team and individual national champions of men's collegiate [[Swimming (sport)|swimming]] and [[diving (sport)|diving]] in the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/354963454/ | title=College Swim Title Is Won by Michigan|page=25 (Part Two, p 1) | access-date=2010-05-03 | work=Chicago Sunday Tribune | date=March 29, 1931}}</ref>
Only individual championships were officially contested during the first thirteen-NCAA sponsored swimming and diving championships. Unofficial team standings were kept, but a team title was not officially awarded until 1937.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.ncaa.com/history/m-swimming-d1.html|title=Division I Men's Swimming and Diving History|accessdate=2010-05-03}}</ref>
By scoring 28 points to second-place Rutgers' 22 points, [[Michigan Wolverines swimming and diving|Michigan]] won the unofficial team championship, the Wolverines' third such title.<ref>{{cite web|title=NCAA Men's Division I Swimming and Diving Championship|url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/swimming_champs_records/2014-15/D1men14.pdf|work=NCAA|publisher=NCAA.org|accessdate=August 21, 2016|pages=1–3}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[List of college swimming and diving teams]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{NCAA Division I Men's Swimming and Diving Championships navbox}}
{{1930–31 NCAA championships navbox}}
[[Category:NCAA Division I Men's Swimming and Diving Championships]]
[[Category:1931 in water sports|NCAA Swimming And Diving Championships]]
[[Category:1931 in sports in Illinois|NCAA Swimming And Diving Championships]]
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[{"title": "1931 NCAA Swimming and Diving Championships", "data": {"Host city": "Evanston, Illinois", "Date(s)": "March 28, 1931", "Venue(s)": "Lake Shore Athletic Club \u00b7 Chicago, Illinois"}}]
| false
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# 1-5-7-1
1-5-7-1 is a family of calling features in the United Kingdom, for residential and business telephone lines and for mobile telephones, that are provided by BT Group and several other telephone service providers. The family is named after the telephone number 1571, the special service number that is used to access it. Call Minder is the name of BT's highest level of 1571 service.
## Land lines
The 1571 feature was introduced by BT Group to the UK in the 1990s after they digitised all the telephone exchanges. As of 2006 several other telephone service providers in the British Isles also provided 1571 answering services, including One.Tel, Platinum Telecom, Kingston Communications, and Manx Telecom. Most such providers rely on a local loop that is owned by BT Group. However, it is also available from providers that have their own local loops, such as Virgin Media.
In 2001, BT Group launched its Answer 1571 service as a free service, available at no extra cost to its existing telephone line customers. In 2007 a charge of £1 was introduced for any month in which two chargeable calls are not made on the line (this might apply, for instance, to people who have Carrier preselect with another telephone company). In 2014 a monthly charge (£2.25 as of 2016) was introduced for all residential users of the service, and the charge for not making two chargeable calls in any month (which had increased to £2) was removed. The Answer 1571 service, a cut-down version of BT Group's Call Minder service, allows a calling party to leave messages when the called party is engaged or does not answer within a fixed number of rings. The system allows for the storage of up to 20 messages, each of which can be up to 2 minutes long, for up to 60 days (or 20 days once they have been heard). To indicate to called parties that they have waiting messages, the exchange sends an interrupted dialling tone to them when they take their telephone off-hook. The called party can retrieve the messages by dialling 1571.
A significant advantage of 1571 answering services over answering machines is that messages can be recorded when the called party is engaged on another call, in addition to when the call is not answered. This is particularly useful when long calls are made, e.g., on long dialled-up Internet sessions.
Disadvantages of Answer 1571:
- it can cause problems for computer telephone line modems, which are unable to recognise the interrupted dialling tone as a dialling tone and which will thus refuse to make outgoing calls, reporting being unable to detect a dialling tone (although many modems allow "blind dialling", without trying to detect a dialling tone);
- it costs the calling party the minimum connection charge (often comprising a Call Set-Up fee plus a 1-minute call charge) to discover that the called party is engaged, even if they do not wish to leave a message, whereas obtaining the engaged tone incurs no connection charge. The Gosport & Fareham branch of the Multiple Sclerosis Society, as well as several others, recommends as a tip for saving money when making telephone calls to "count six rings and hang up before the expensive voice starts charging you";[10][11]
- the caller cannot set a Ring Back if urgent contact with the called party is required;
- many answering machines implement call screening, which 1571 cannot do: the answering machine picks up the call with its speaker active, so that the user, if available, can listen to what the caller says, and pick up the phone only if they want to speak with the caller;
- some machines can record conversations; 1571 cannot.
To supplement the Answer 1571 services, BT provides additional services at an extra charge: the 1571 Text Alerts service sends a text message to a designated mobile telephone number whenever a new message is left. Another service was withdrawn in March 2009: 1571 Online allowed customers to retrieve their stored messages via the World Wide Web.
A problem with the 1571 Text Alerts system that was not stated on BT's website as of 7 June 2007 is that if a mobile phone number is transferred from another provider to either Virgin or T-mobile, the alert system will not work; phone messages will be stored, but text message alerts will not be sent.
As of December 2016 BT offers two services accessed by dialling 1571. Messages can be accessed by dialling in with an identification number, and a personal greeting can be recorded. Neither of the services can be disabled or re-enabled by the user, but must be cancelled or ordered, with a lag of several days.
- Answer 1571, £2.25/month. Calls answered after typically 7 rings. Up to 20 messages stored for up to 60 days.
- Call minder, £4.50/month, as above but 30 five-minute messages, stored for 30 days, can answer immediately or after a short, medium, or long period (typically 4, 7, or 10 rings), and can store numbers of callers who leave no message.[15][6]
The number of rings before answering is not guaranteed, and may vary to some extent. This can be a problem if an answering machine is used on a line with a 1571 service (which cannot be temporarily disabled), with the intention that messages will be recorded on the machine; it is necessary to ensure that the machine answers before 1571 does.
## Mobile telephones
To its mobile telephone business customers BT Group provides a 1571 Voicemail service, which is similar to the service provided to landlines. Calling parties can leave messages when the mobile telephone is switched off, when it is in an area of reduced coverage, when it is on another call, or when the call is not answered within a fixed number of rings.
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{{Short description|Name of a family of calling features in the United Kingdom}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
'''1-5-7-1''' is a family of [[calling feature]]s in the United Kingdom, for residential and business telephone lines and for [[mobile telephone]]s, that are provided by [[BT Group]] and several other telephone service providers. The family is named after the telephone number 1571, the [[Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom#Special service numbers|special service number]] that is used to access it. '''Call Minder''' is the name of BT's highest level of 1571 service.
== Land lines ==
The 1571 feature was introduced by BT Group to the UK in the 1990s after they digitised all the telephone exchanges. {{As of|2006}} several other telephone service providers in the [[British Isles]] also provided 1571 answering services, including [[One.Tel]],<ref>{{cite book|title=OneGuide |chapter=Voicemail|publisher=[[One.Tel]]|url=http://www.onetel.co.uk/media/pdf/welcome.pdf|page=8|date=31 October 2005|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061005130705/http://www.onetel.co.uk/media/pdf/welcome.pdf |archive-date = 5 October 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> Platinum Telecom,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.platinumtelecom.com/questions-and-answers.html|title=Questions and answers|publisher=Platinum Telecom|access-date=19 December 2006 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908174840/http://platinumtelecom.com/questions-and-answers.html|archive-date=8 September 2006}}</ref> [[Kingston Communications]], and Manx Telecom.<ref>{{cite web |title=Access Codes and Short Codes (convention B11) |url=http://www.ukphoneinfo.com/search/Phones/oftel_cl_s10_code_15.html |access-date=19 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306125158/http://www.ukphoneinfo.com/search/Phones/oftel_cl_s10_code_15.html |archive-date=6 March 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Most such providers rely on a [[local loop]] that is owned by BT Group. However, it is also available from providers that have their own local loops, such as [[Virgin Media]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ntl.com/home/telephone/pdf/TelcoTariff.pdf |title=Other telephone features |work=Telephone price guide |publisher=[[NTL Ireland|NTL]] |page=3 |date=20 October 2006 |access-date=19 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061211002450/http://www.ntl.com/home/telephone/pdf/TelcoTariff.pdf |archive-date=11 December 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In 2001, BT Group launched its Answer 1571 service as a free service, available at no extra cost to its existing telephone line customers. In 2007 a charge of £1 was introduced for any month in which two chargeable calls are not made on the line (this might apply, for instance, to people who have [[Carrier preselect]] with another telephone company).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.serviceview.bt.com/list/public/current/Call_Charges_boo/2-1101_d0e3320.htm |title=Section 2:Call Charges & Exchange Line Services Part 21:BT Messaging Services Subpart 3:BT Answer 1571 |work=BT Price List |publisher=[[British Telecom|BT]] |date=11 January 2008 |access-date=11 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080128190137/http://www.serviceview.bt.com/list/public/current/Call_Charges_boo/2-1101_d0e3320.htm |archive-date=28 January 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2014 a monthly charge (£2.25 {{As of|2016|lc=y}}<ref name=a1571>{{cite web |url=http://bt.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/8374/~/all-about-bt-answer-1571-voicemail |title=About BT Answer 1571 voicemail phone service |website=BT |access-date=29 December 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>) was introduced for all residential users of the service, and the charge for not making two chargeable calls in any month (which had increased to £2) was removed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com/pricing/notifs/02-01-2014/Call_Charges_boo/NotificationPeriodImpl11618671101_d0e3320.htm|title=Section 2:Call Charges & Exchange Line Services Part 21:BT Messaging Services Subpart 3:BT Answer 1571|work=BT Price List|publisher=[[British Telecom|BT]]|date=2 January 2014|access-date=26 February 2014}}</ref> The Answer 1571 service, a cut-down version of BT Group's Call Minder service, allows a [[calling party]] to leave messages when the [[called party]] is engaged or does not answer within a fixed number of rings. The system allows for the storage of up to 20 messages, each of which can be up to 2 minutes long, for up to 60 days (or 20 days once they have been heard). To indicate to called parties that they have waiting messages, the exchange sends an interrupted [[dialling tone]] to them when they take their telephone [[off-hook]]. The called party can retrieve the messages by dialling 1571.<ref>{{cite news|title=BT to offer free voicemail from Monday |author=Tim Richardson |date=29 June 2001 |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/06/29/bt_to_offer_free_voicemail/ |work=[[The Register]] |access-date=19 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061128083351/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/06/29/bt_to_offer_free_voicemail/ |archive-date=28 November 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=sit2020>{{cite web|url=http://www.dooyoo.co.uk/discussion/bts-free-answer-1571-service/1032187/|title=Nothing in life is free|date=15 July 2006|work=dooyoo.co.uk|access-date=19 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222618/http://www.dooyoo.co.uk/discussion/bts-free-answer-1571-service/1032187/|archive-date=27 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>
A significant advantage of 1571 answering services over [[answering machine]]s is that messages can be recorded when the called party is engaged on another call, in addition to when the call is not answered. This is particularly useful when long calls are made, e.g., on long [[Dial-up Internet access|dialled-up Internet]] sessions.<ref name=sit2020 />
Disadvantages of Answer 1571:
* it can cause problems for computer telephone line [[modem]]s, which are unable to recognise the interrupted dialling tone as a dialling tone and which will thus refuse to make outgoing calls, reporting being unable to detect a dialling tone (although many modems allow "blind dialling", without trying to detect a dialling tone);
* it costs the calling party the minimum connection charge (often comprising a Call Set-Up fee plus a 1-minute call charge) to discover that the called party is engaged, even if they do not wish to leave a message, whereas obtaining the [[engaged tone]] incurs no connection charge. The Gosport & Fareham branch of the Multiple Sclerosis Society, as well as several others, recommends as a tip for saving money when making telephone calls to "count six rings and hang up before the expensive voice starts charging you";<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/askbruce/articles/download/dialtone_1.shtml |title=What does the error "No dial tone detected" mean? |work=BBC Webwise: Ask Bruce |publisher=BBC |access-date=19 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005044723/http://www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/askbruce/articles/download/dialtone_1.shtml |archive-date=5 October 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gosportandfarehamms.org.uk/index.php?s=small&page=benefits |title=Tips and Benefits |publisher=The Gosport and Fareham branch of the Multiple Sclerosis Society |date=26 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015021437/http://www.gosportandfarehamms.org.uk/index.php?s=small&page=benefits |archive-date=15 October 2008 |url-status=live |access-date=25 July 2009 }}</ref>
* the caller cannot set a [[Automatic ring back|Ring Back]] if urgent contact with the called party is required;
* many answering machines implement call screening, which 1571 cannot do: the answering machine picks up the call with its speaker active, so that the user, if available, can listen to what the caller says, and pick up the phone only if they want to speak with the caller;
* some machines can record conversations; 1571 cannot.
To supplement the Answer 1571 services, BT provides additional services at an extra charge: the 1571 Text Alerts service sends a [[Text messaging|text message]] to a designated mobile telephone number whenever a new message is left. Another service was withdrawn in March 2009: 1571 Online allowed customers to retrieve their stored messages via the [[World Wide Web]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bt.com/callingfeatures/changesto1571messaging.html |work=BT Calling Features |title=BT 1571 Text Alerts |publisher=[[BT Group]] }}{{dead link|date=September 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Free Features: 1571 Added Features |work=BT at Home |url=http://www2.bt.com/static/i/btretail/consumer/home/home_phone/free_features.html |publisher=[[BT Group]] |access-date=19 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061218054716/http://www2.bt.com/static/i/btretail/consumer/home/home_phone/free_features.html |archive-date=18 December 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.productsandservices.bt.com/consumerProducts/displayTopic.do?topicId=26753&s_cid=con_FURL_calls_1571online |title=1571 Online withdrawn |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330124436/http://www.productsandservices.bt.com/consumerProducts/displayTopic.do?topicId=26753&s_cid=con_FURL_calls_1571online |archive-date=30 March 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
A problem with the 1571 Text Alerts system that was not stated on BT's website {{As of|2007|06|07|lc=on}} is that if a mobile phone number is transferred from another provider to either Virgin or T-mobile, the alert system will not work; phone messages will be stored, but text message alerts will not be sent{{Citation needed|date=December 2016|reason=needs citation and updating}}.
{{As of|2016|12}} BT offers two services accessed by dialling 1571. Messages can be accessed by dialling in with an identification number, and a personal greeting can be recorded. Neither of the services can be disabled or re-enabled by the user, but must be cancelled or ordered, with a lag of several days.
* Answer 1571, £2.25/month. Calls answered after typically 7 rings. Up to 20 messages stored for up to 60 days.
* Call minder, £4.50/month, as above but 30 five-minute messages, stored for 30 days, can answer immediately or after a short, medium, or long period (typically 4, 7, or 10 rings), and can store numbers of callers who leave no message.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.productsandservices.bt.com/btbusiness/btbusinessProducts/pdfs/phone_services/BT_Answer_1571_FAQs.pdf |title=BT Answer 1571 FAQ |access-date=16 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215171900/http://www.productsandservices.bt.com/btbusiness/btbusinessProducts/pdfs/phone_services/BT_Answer_1571_FAQs.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=a1571/>
The number of rings before answering is not guaranteed, and may vary to some extent. This can be a problem if an answering machine is used on a line with a 1571 service (which cannot be temporarily disabled), with the intention that messages will be recorded on the machine; it is necessary to ensure that the machine answers before 1571 does.
== Mobile telephones ==
To its mobile telephone business customers BT Group provides a 1571 Voicemail service, which is similar to the service provided to landlines. Calling parties can leave messages when the mobile telephone is switched off, when it is in an area of reduced coverage, when it is on another call, or when the call is not answered within a fixed number of rings.<ref>{{cite web|title=How do I use Voicemail 1571? |work=BT Business Shop |url=http://www.btbusinessshop.com/page/using_voicemail1571 |publisher=[[BT Group]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929194738/http://www.btbusinessshop.com/page/using_voicemail1571 |archive-date=29 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{cite web
|work = BT products and services
|title = BT 1571
|url = http://www.1571.bt.com/
|access-date = 19 December 2006
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061218230244/http://www.1571.bt.com/
|archive-date = 18 December 2006
|url-status = dead
}}
{{BT Group}}
{{Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom}}
[[Category:BT Group]]
[[Category:Calling features]]
[[Category:Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom]]
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# 1636 in Belgium
Events in the year 1636 in the Spanish Netherlands and Prince-bishopric of Liège (predecessor states of modern Belgium).
## Incumbents
### Habsburg Netherlands
Monarch – Philip IV, King of Spain and Duke of Brabant, of Luxembourg, etc.
Governor General – Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria
### Prince-Bishopric of Liège
Prince-Bishop – Ferdinand of Bavaria
## Events
April
- 29 April – Dutch forces retake Schenkenschans.[1]
July
- 2 July – Army of Flanders goes onto the offensive in the Franco-Spanish War (1635–59), invading French territory.
- 17 July – People of Liège appeal to Pope Urban VIII against imperial troops called in by prince-bishop Ferdinand.[2]
August
- 5 August – Crossing of the Somme by the Army of Flanders.
- 7 August – Corbie invested.
- 15 August – Corbie taken.
November
- 14 November – French forces retake Corbie.
## Publications
- Lazarus Marcquis, Volcomen tractaet van de peste (Antwerp, Caesar Joachim Trognaesius) – a treatise on the pestilence. Available on the Internet Archive
## Works of art
- Anthony van Dyck – Charles I in Three Positions, now in the Royal Collection.
- Peter Paul Rubens
- Hercules' Dog Discovers Purple Dye, now in the Musée Bonnat, Bayonne.
- Helena Fourment with Children, now in the Louvre Museum, Paris.
- Saturn, now in the Museo del Prado, Madrid.
- The Rainbow Landscape, now in the Wallace Collection, London.
- A View of Het Steen in the Early Morning, now in the National Gallery, London.
## Births
January
- 12 January – Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer, painter (died 1699)
June
- 22 June – Albertus Clouwet, engraver (died 1679)
## Deaths
Date uncertain
- Philippe de Caverel (born 1555), abbot
- Matthijs Langhedul, organ builder
- Joannes Woverius (born 1576), councillor
January
- 19 January – Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger (born 1561/2), painter
June
- 21 June – Justus de Harduwijn (born 1582), poet
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year in Belgium|1636}}
Events in the year '''1636 in the [[Spanish Netherlands]] and [[Prince-bishopric of Liège]]''' (predecessor states of modern Belgium).
==Incumbents==
===Habsburg Netherlands===
:'''Monarch''' – [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]], King of Spain and [[Dukes of Brabant|Duke of Brabant]], [[Counts, Dukes and Grand Dukes of Luxembourg|of Luxembourg]], etc.
:'''Governor General''' – [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria]]
===Prince-Bishopric of Liège===
:'''Prince-Bishop''' – [[Ferdinand of Bavaria (bishop)|Ferdinand of Bavaria]]
==Events==
;April
* 29 April – Dutch forces [[Siege of Schenkenschans|retake Schenkenschans]].<ref>Olaf van Nimwegen, ''The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588-1688'', translated by Andrew May (Woodbridge, 2010), p. 249. [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1843835754 Partial preview on Google Books].</ref>
;July
* 2 July – [[Army of Flanders]] goes onto the offensive in the [[Franco-Spanish War (1635–59)]], invading French territory.
* 17 July – People of [[Liège]] appeal to [[Pope Urban VIII]] against imperial troops called in by prince-bishop Ferdinand.<ref name=Gueldre>Alain de Gueldre, et al., eds., ''Chronique de la Belgique'' (RTL, 1987), p. 389.</ref>
;August
* 5 August – [[Crossing of the Somme]] by the [[Army of Flanders]].
* 7 August – [[Corbie]] invested.
* 15 August – Corbie taken.
;November
* 14 November – French forces retake Corbie.
==Publications==
* [[Lazarus Marcquis]], ''Volcomen tractaet van de peste'' (Antwerp, [[Caesar Joachim Trognaesius]]) – a treatise on the pestilence. [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00002265-003 Available on the Internet Archive]
==Works of art==
* [[Anthony van Dyck]] – ''[[Charles I in Three Positions]]'', now in the [[Royal Collection]].
* [[Peter Paul Rubens]]
** ''[[Hercules' Dog Discovers Purple Dye]]'', now in the [[Musée Bonnat]], Bayonne.
** ''[[Helena Fourment with Children]]'', now in the [[Louvre Museum]], Paris.
** ''[[Saturn (Rubens)|Saturn]]'', now in the [[Museo del Prado]], Madrid.
** ''[[The Rainbow Landscape (1636)|The Rainbow Landscape]]'', now in the [[Wallace Collection]], London.
** ''[[A View of Het Steen in the Early Morning]]'', now in the [[National Gallery, London]].
==Births==
;January
* 12 January – [[Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer]], painter (died 1699)
;June
* 22 June – [[Albertus Clouwet]], engraver (died 1679)
==Deaths==
;Date uncertain
* [[Philippe de Caverel]] (born 1555), abbot
* [[Matthijs Langhedul]], organ builder
* [[Joannes Woverius]] (born 1576), councillor
;January
* 19 January – [[Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger]] (born 1561/2), painter
;June
* 21 June – [[Justus de Harduwijn]] (born 1582), poet
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Europe topic|1636 in}}
[[Category:1636 in the Habsburg Netherlands| ]]
| 1,241,643,170
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1635 - 1634 - 1633": "1636 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Belgium \u00b7 \u2192 - 1637 - 1638 - 1639", "Decades": "1630s 1650s", "See also": "Other events of 1636 \u00b7 List of years in Belgium"}}]
| false
|
# 1817 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1817 Vermont gubernatorial election for Governor of Vermont took place in September and October, and resulted in the election of Jonas Galusha to a one-year term.
The Vermont General Assembly met in Montpelier on October 9. The Vermont House of Representatives appointed a committee to review the votes of the freemen of Vermont for governor, lieutenant governor, treasurer, and members of the governor's council. The committee determined that incumbent Jonas Galusha had defeated U.S. Senator Isaac Tichenor to win a one-year term.
In the election for lieutenant governor, the legislature's canvassing committee determined that incumbent Paul Brigham had attained a majority over former lieutenant governor William Chamberlain to win the election to a one-year term. According to a contemporary newspaper article, the vote totals were: Brigham, 13,307 (63.2%); Chamberlain 7,748 (36.8%).
Benjamin Swan was elected to a one-year term as treasurer, his eighteenth. Swan, a Federalist was also endorsed by the Democratic-Republicans, and so was effectively unopposed for reelection. According to contemporary newspaper articles, Swan received 16,962 votes, and no votes were recorded for any other candidates.
In the race for governor, the results of the popular vote were reported as follows.
## Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| ----------- | --------------------- | ------------------------- | ------ | ----- | -- |
| | Democratic-Republican | Jonas Galusha (incumbent) | 13,756 | 64.9% | |
| | Federalist | Isaac Tichenor | 7,430 | 35.1% | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 21,186 | 100% | |
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{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1817 Vermont gubernatorial election
| country = Vermont
| flag_year = 1804
| type = presidential
| election_date = {{Start date|1817|10|09}}
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1816 Vermont gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1816
| next_election = 1818 Vermont gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1818
| image_size = 160x160px
| image1 = Jonas Galusha.jpg
| nominee1 = '''[[Jonas Galusha]]'''
| party1 = Democratic-Republican
| popular_vote1 = '''13,756'''
| percentage1 = '''64.9%'''
| image2 = Isaac Tichenor.jpg
| nominee2 = [[Isaac Tichenor]]
| party2 = Federalist Party
| popular_vote2 = 7,430
| percentage2 = 35.1%
| map_image = 1817 Vermont gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 150px
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Galusha:''' {{legend0|#73BC84|50–60%}} {{legend0|#3FA457|60–70%}} {{legend0|#008C21|70-80%}} {{legend0|#006E1A|80–90%}}<br/>'''Tichenor:''' {{legend0|#8DA9E2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#678CD7|60–70%}}
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Jonas Galusha]]
| before_party = Democratic-Republican
| after_election = [[Jonas Galusha]]
| after_party = Democratic-Republican
}}
{{ElectionsVT}}
The '''1817 Vermont gubernatorial election''' for [[Governor of Vermont]] took place in September and October, and resulted in the election of [[Jonas Galusha]] to a one-year term.<ref name="Walton">{{cite book |editor1-last=Walton |editor1-first=E. P. |editor1-link=Eliakim Persons Walton |date=1878 |title=Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont |volume=VI |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WwcQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA175 |location=Montpelier, VT |publisher=J. & J. M. Poland |pages=175–176 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
The [[Vermont General Assembly]] met in [[Montpelier, Vermont|Montpelier]] on October 9.<ref name="Walton"/> The [[Vermont House of Representatives]] appointed a committee to review the votes of the [[Freeman (Colonial)|freemen]] of Vermont for governor, [[Lieutenant governor of Vermont|lieutenant governor]], [[Vermont State Treasurer|treasurer]], and members of the governor's council.<ref name="Walton"/> The committee determined that incumbent [[Jonas Galusha]] had defeated U.S. Senator [[Isaac Tichenor]] to win a one-year term.<ref name="Walton"/>
In the election for lieutenant governor, the legislature's canvassing committee determined that incumbent [[Paul Brigham]] had attained a majority over former lieutenant governor [[William Chamberlain (politician)|William Chamberlain]] to win the election to a one-year term.<ref name="Walton"/> According to a contemporary newspaper article, the vote totals were: Brigham, 13,307 (63.2%); Chamberlain 7,748 (36.8%).<ref name="Walton"/>
[[Benjamin Swan (Vermont politician)|Benjamin Swan]] was elected to a one-year term as treasurer, his eighteenth.<ref name="Walton"/> Swan, a [[Federalist Party|Federalist]] was also endorsed by the Democratic-Republicans, and so was effectively unopposed for reelection.<ref>{{cite news |date=August 12, 1817 |title=Tickets for State Officers |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73634200/state-officers/ |work=The Watchman |location=Montpelier, VT |page=1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> According to contemporary newspaper articles, Swan received 16,962 votes, and no votes were recorded for any other candidates.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 22, 1817 |title=Vermont Legislature: For Treasurer |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/73634564/for-treasurer/ |work=[[Rutland Herald]] |location=Rutland, VT |page=1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
In the race for governor, the results of the popular vote were reported as follows.<ref name="Walton"/>
==Results==
{{Election box begin
| title = 1817 Vermont gubernatorial election
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Jonas Galusha]] (incumbent)
| party = Democratic-Republican
| color = Democratic-Republican
| votes = 13,756
| percentage = 64.9%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = [[Isaac Tichenor]]
| party = Federalist Party
| color = Federalist Party
| votes = 7,430
| percentage = 35.1%
}}
{{Election box total|
|votes = 21,186
|percentage = 100%
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Vermont gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:1817 Vermont elections|gubernatorial]]
[[Category:1817 United States gubernatorial elections|Vermont]]
| 1,271,232,699
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[{"title": "1817 Vermont gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1816": "October 9, 1817 \u00b7 1818 \u2192", "Nominee": "Jonas Galusha \u00b7 Isaac Tichenor", "Party": "Democratic-Republican \u00b7 Federalist", "Popular vote": "13,756 \u00b7 7,430", "Percentage": "64.9% \u00b7 35.1%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Jonas Galusha \u00b7 Democratic-Republican": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Jonas Galusha \u00b7 Democratic-Republican"}}]
| false
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# 17th government of Turkey
The 17th government of Turkey (10 June 1948 – 16 January 1949) was a short-term government in the history of Turkey. It is also known as the second Saka government.
## Background
Hasan Saka of the Republican People's Party (CHP), who was the previous prime minister, resigned on 8 June 1948. However, he was again assigned to form a government. His cabinet was not very different from the previous cabinet. The major addition was Nihat Erim, who was seen as the potential new leader of the party.
The government was given a vote of confidence from the Parliament on 18 June 1948.
## The government
The members of the 17th government were as follows:
In the list below, the cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes".
| Title | Name | Notes |
| -------------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Prime Minister | Hasan Saka | |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Faik Ahmet Barutçu | |
| Minister of State | Abdülhalik Renda | |
| Ministry of Justice | Fuat Sirmen Ali Rıza Erten | 10 June 1948 – 13 January 1949 13 January 1949 – 16 January 1949 |
| Ministry of National Defense and Navy | Hüsnü Çakır | |
| Ministry of the Interior | Münir Hüsrev Göle | |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Necmettin Sadak | |
| Ministry of Finance | Şevket Adalan | |
| Ministry of National Education | Tahsin Banguoğlu | |
| Ministry of Public Works | Nihat Erim | |
| Ministry of Health and Social Security | Kemali Bayazıt | |
| Ministry of Customs and Monopolies | Emin Erişirgil | |
| Ministry of Economy | Cavit Ekin | |
| Ministry of Agriculture | Cavit Oral | |
| Ministry of Transport | Kasım Gülek | |
| Ministry of Commerce | Cemil Sait Barlas | |
| Ministry of Labour | Bekir Balta | |
## Aftermath
The Republican People's Party (CHP) was losing ground to the Democrat Party (DP), and CHP was looking for a more charismatic prime minister. After preparing a new election (which would prove to be disadvantageous to CHP in 1950), Saka resigned on 14 January 1949.
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{{Short description|Government of the Republic of Turkey (1948-1949)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
[[File:Hasan Hüsnü Saka.jpg|thumb|250px|Hasan Saka]]
The '''17th government of Turkey''' (10 June 1948 – 16 January 1949) was a short-term government in the history of [[Turkey]]. It is also known as the ''second [[Hasan Saka|Saka]] government''.
==Background ==
Hasan Saka of the [[Republican People's Party]] (CHP), who was the previous prime minister, resigned on 8 June 1948. However, he was again assigned to form a government. His cabinet was not very different from the previous cabinet. The major addition was [[Nihat Erim]], who was seen as the potential new leader of the party.
The government was given a vote of confidence from the Parliament on 18 June 1948.<ref name=voti/>
==The government==
The members of the 17th government were as follows:<ref name=voti>{{cite journal|author=T. A. Votichenko |title=Developments of the Quarter: Comment and Chronology|journal=[[The Middle East Journal]]|date=October 1948|volume=2|issue=4|page=467 |jstor=4322013}}</ref>
In the list below, the cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes".
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title<ref>[http://www.basbakanlik.gov.tr/Forms/pCabinets.aspx Official page of prime minister] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515000801/http://www.basbakanlik.gov.tr/Forms/pCabinets.aspx |date=15 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/hukumetler/HB17.htm |title=Official page of the parliament |access-date=26 August 2013 |archive-date=29 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929232500/https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/hukumetler/HB17.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
!Name
!Notes
|-
|[[Prime Minister of Turkey|Prime Minister]]||[[Hasan Saka]]||
|-
|[[List of Deputy Prime Ministers of Turkey|Deputy Prime Minister]]||[[Faik Ahmet Barutçu]]||
|-
|[[Minister of State]]||[[Abdülhalik Renda]]||
|-
|[[Ministry of Justice (Turkey)|Ministry of Justice]]||[[Fuat Sirmen]]<br />Ali Rıza Erten||10 June 1948 – 13 January 1949<br />13 January 1949 – 16 January 1949
|-
|[[Ministry of National Defense (Turkey)|Ministry of National Defense and Navy]]||Hüsnü Çakır||
|-
| [[Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)|Ministry of the Interior]]||[[Münir Hüsrev Göle]]||
|-
|[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]||[[Necmettin Sadak]]||
|-
|[[Ministry of Finance (Turkey)|Ministry of Finance]]||Şevket Adalan||
|-
| [[Ministry of National Education (Turkey)|Ministry of National Education]]||Tahsin Banguoğlu||
|-
|[[Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (Turkey)|Ministry of Public Works]]||[[Nihat Erim]]||
|-
|[[Ministry of Health (Turkey)|Ministry of Health and Social Security]]||Kemali Bayazıt||
|-
|[[Ministry of Customs and Monopolies]]||Emin Erişirgil||
|-
|[[Ministry of Industry and Commerce (Turkey)|Ministry of Economy]]||Cavit Ekin||
|-
|[[Ministry of Agriculture and Village Affairs (Turkey)|Ministry of Agriculture]]||Cavit Oral||
|-
|[[Ministry of Transport and Communication (Turkey)|Ministry of Transport]]||[[Kasım Gülek]]||
|-
|[[Ministry of Industry and Commerce (Turkey)|Ministry of Commerce]]||[[Cemil Sait Barlas]]||
|-
|[[Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Turkey)|Ministry of Labour]]||Bekir Balta||
|}
==Aftermath==
The [[Republican People's Party]] (CHP) was losing ground to the [[Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1961)|Democrat Party]] (DP), and CHP was looking for a more charismatic prime minister. After preparing [[1950 Turkish general election|a new election]] (which would prove to be disadvantageous to CHP in 1950), Saka resigned on 14 January 1949.
==References==
<references/>
{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[List of Governments of Turkey|17th Government of Turkey]]|before=[[16th government of Turkey]]<br /> ([[Hasan Saka]])|after=[[18th government of Turkey]]<br /> ([[Şemsettin Günaltay]]) |years=(10 June 1948 – 16 January 1949}}
{{s-end}}
{{Cabinets of Turkey}}
[[Category:Cabinets of Turkey]]
[[Category:Republican People's Party (Turkey) politicians]]
[[Category:1948 establishments in Turkey]]
[[Category:1949 disestablishments in Turkey]]
[[Category:Cabinets established in 1948]]
[[Category:Cabinets disestablished in 1949]]
[[Category:Members of the 17th government of Turkey]]
[[Category:8th parliament of Turkey]]
[[Category:Republican People's Party (Turkey)]]
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[]
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# 1695 in Denmark
Events from the year 1695 in Denmark
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Christian V[1]
## Events
### Undated events
- Motzmanns Plads, now known as Christiansholm or Papirøen, is created in Copenhagen.[2]
## Births
- 11 February – Abraham Pelt, industrialist and philanthropist (died 1783)
## Deaths
- 9 May – Lambert van Haven, architect (born 1630)
- 27 June – Prince Christian of Denmark, prince of Denmark (born 1675)
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Year in Denmark|1695}}
Events from the year '''1695 in [[Denmark]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Danish monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Christian V of Denmark|Christian V]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Christian V: Scandinavian king|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christian-V|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=18 November 2019|language=en}}</ref>
==Events==
*
===Undated events===
* Motzmanns Plads, now known as Christiansholm or Papirøen, is created in Copenhagen.<ref name=S1695>{{cite web|url=http://www.kobenhavnshistorie.dk/bog/khsd/1600/1695.html|title=1695|language=da|website=Selskabet for Københavns Historie|access-date=24 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124195659/http://www.kobenhavnshistorie.dk/bog/khsd/1600/1695.html|archive-date=24 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Births==
* 11 February – [[Abraham Pelt]], industrialist and philanthropist (died [[1783 in Denmark|1783]])
===Full date missing===
==Deaths==
* 9 May – [[Lambert van Haven]], architect (born [[1630 in Denmark|1630]])
* 27 June – [[Prince Christian of Denmark (1675–1695)|Prince Christian of Denmark]], prince of Denmark (born [[1675 in Denmark|1675]])
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Year in Europe|1695}}
{{Denmark year nav}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1695in Denmark}}
[[Category:1695 in Denmark| ]]
[[Category:1695 by country|Denmark]]
[[Category:Years of the 17th century in Denmark]]
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1694 - 1693 - 1692": "1695 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Denmark \u00b7 \u2192 - 1696 - 1697 - 1698", "Decades": "1670s 1680s 1690s 1700s 1710s", "See also": "Other events of 1695 \u00b7 List of years in Denmark"}}]
| false
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# 1913 in France
Events from the year 1913 in France.
## Incumbents
- President: Armand Fallières (until 18 February), Raymond Poincaré (starting 18 February)
- President of the Council of Ministers:
- until 21 January: Raymond Poincaré
- 21 January-22 March: Aristide Briand
- 22 March-9 December: René Viviani
- starting 9 December: Gaston Doumergue
## Events
- 17 January – Raymond Poincaré is elected president
- 3 February – Trial of the remnants of the Bonnot gang begins.
- 20 August – 700 feet above Buc, parachutist Adolphe Pegoud jumps from an airplane and lands safely.
- 23 September – Aviator Roland Garros flies over the Mediterranean.
## Arts and literature
- 29 May – Igor Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring is premiered in Paris.
- 12 December – Vincenzo Perugia tries to sell Mona Lisa in Florence and is arrested.
- 30 December – Italy returns Mona Lisa to France.
## Sport
- 29 June – Tour de France begins.
- 27 July – Tour de France ends, won by Philippe Thys of Belgium.
## Births
### January to March
- 5 January – Pierre Veuillot, Cardinal (died 1968)
- 17 February – Louis Bouyer, priest and writer (died 2004)
- 24 February – François Bourbotte, soccer player (died 1972)
- 27 February – Paul Ricoeur, philosopher (died 2005)
- 3 March – Roger Caillois, writer and intellectual (died 1978)
- 12 March – Max Leognany, artist (died 1994)
- 18 March – René Clément, screenwriter and film director (died 1996)
- 26 March – Maurice Lafforgue, alpine skier (died 1970)
- 26 March – Jacqueline de Romilly, philologist (died 2010)
- 28 March – Jean-Marie Goasmat, cyclist (died 2001)
### April to June
- 14 April – Jean Fournet, conductor (died 2008)
- 18 May – Charles Trenet, singer and songwriter (died 2001)
- 26 May –
- Pierre Daninos, writer and humorist (died 2005)
- André Lalande, officer (died 1995)
- 9 June – Jean Nicolas, international soccer player (died 1978)
- 18 June – Pierre Berès, bookseller and antiquarian book collector (died 2008)
- 26 June – Aimé Césaire, poet, author and politician (died 2008)
### July to December
- 12 July – Roger Testu, cartoonist (died 2008)
- 13 July – Fabien Galateau, cyclist (died 1995)
- 17 July – Roger Garaudy, author and philosopher (died 2012)
- July – Colette de Jouvenel, daughter of writer Colette (died 1981)
- 31 August – Jacques Foccart, politician (died 1997)
- 10 October – Claude Simon, novelist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature for 1985 (died 2005)
- 13 October – Pierre Jaïs, bridge player (died 1988)
- 7 November – Albert Camus, author, philosopher and journalist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature for 1957 (died 1960)
- 20 November – Charles Bettelheim, economist and historian (died 2006)
- 29 November – Georges Spénale, writer, poet and politician, President of the European Parliament (died 1983)
- 11 December – Jean Marais, actor (died 1998)
### Full date unknown
- Pierre Probst, cartoonist (died 2007)
## Deaths
- 2 January – Léon Teisserenc de Bort, meteorologist (born 1855)
- 14 June – Louis-Robert Carrier-Belleuse, painter and sculptor (born 1848)
- 20 August – Émile Ollivier, statesman, 30th Prime Minister of France (born 1825)
- 6 September – Henri Menier, businessman and adventurer (born 1853)
- 15 November – Camille Armand Jules Marie, Prince de Polignac, nobleman, scholar and major general in the Confederate States Army (born 1832)
- 5 December – Ferdinand Dugué, poet and playwright (born 1816)
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Year in France header}}
Events from the year '''1913 in France'''.
==Incumbents==
*[[President of France|President]]: [[Armand Fallières]] (until 18 February), [[Raymond Poincaré]] (starting 18 February)
*[[Prime Minister of France|President of the Council of Ministers]]:
** until 21 January: [[Raymond Poincaré]]
** 21 January-22 March: [[Aristide Briand]]
** 22 March-9 December: [[René Viviani]]
** starting 9 December: [[Gaston Doumergue]]
==Events==
*17 January – [[Raymond Poincaré]] is elected president
*3 February – Trial of the remnants of the [[Bonnot gang]] begins.
*20 August – 700 feet above [[Territoire de Belfort|Buc]], parachutist [[Adolphe Pegoud]] jumps from an airplane and lands safely.
*23 September – Aviator [[Roland Garros (aviator)|Roland Garros]] flies over the [[Mediterranean]].
==Arts and literature==
*29 May – [[Igor Stravinsky]]'s [[ballet]] score ''[[The Rite of Spring]]'' is premiered in [[Paris]].
*12 December – [[Vincenzo Perugia]] tries to sell ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' in Florence and is arrested.
*30 December – [[Italy]] returns ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' to France.
==Sport==
*29 June – [[1913 Tour de France|Tour de France]] begins.
*27 July – Tour de France ends, won by [[Philippe Thys (cyclist)|Philippe Thys]] of [[Belgium]].
==Births==
===January to March===
*5 January – [[Pierre Veuillot]], Cardinal (died 1968)
*17 February – [[Louis Bouyer]], priest and writer (died 2004)
*24 February – [[François Bourbotte]], soccer player (died 1972)
*27 February – [[Paul Ricoeur]], philosopher (died 2005)
*3 March – [[Roger Caillois]], writer and intellectual (died 1978)
*12 March – [[Max Leognany]], artist (died 1994)
*18 March – [[René Clément]], screenwriter and film director (died 1996)
*26 March – [[Maurice Lafforgue]], [[alpine skier]] (died 1970)
*26 March – [[Jacqueline de Romilly]], [[Philology|philologist]] (died 2010)
*28 March – [[Jean-Marie Goasmat]], cyclist (died 2001)
===April to June===
*14 April – [[Jean Fournet]], conductor (died 2008)
*18 May – [[Charles Trenet]], singer and songwriter (died 2001)
*26 May –
**[[Pierre Daninos]], writer and humorist (died 2005)
**[[André Lalande (soldier)|André Lalande]], officer (died 1995)
*9 June – [[Jean Nicolas]], international soccer player (died 1978)
*18 June – [[Pierre Berès]], [[bookseller]] and antiquarian book collector (died 2008)
*26 June – [[Aimé Césaire]], poet, author and politician (died 2008)
===July to December===
*12 July – [[Roger Testu]], cartoonist (died 2008)
*13 July – [[Fabien Galateau]], cyclist (died 1995)
*17 July – [[Roger Garaudy]], author and philosopher (died 2012)
*July – [[Colette de Jouvenel]], daughter of writer [[Colette]] (died 1981)
*31 August – [[Jacques Foccart]], politician (died 1997)
*10 October – [[Claude Simon]], novelist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] for 1985 (died 2005)
*13 October – [[Pierre Jaïs]], [[contract bridge|bridge]] player (died 1988)
*7 November – [[Albert Camus]], [[author]], [[philosopher]] and journalist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature for 1957 (died 1960)
*20 November – [[Charles Bettelheim]], [[economist]] and [[history|historian]] (died 2006)
*29 November – [[Georges Spénale]], writer, poet and politician, President of the European Parliament (died 1983)
*11 December – [[Jean Marais]], actor (died 1998)
===Full date unknown===
*[[Pierre Probst]], cartoonist (died 2007)
==Deaths==
*2 January – [[Léon Teisserenc de Bort]], [[meteorologist]] (born 1855)
*14 June – [[Louis-Robert Carrier-Belleuse]], painter and sculptor (born 1848)
*20 August – [[Émile Ollivier]], statesman, 30th [[Prime Minister of France]] (born 1825)
*6 September – [[Henri Menier]], businessman and adventurer (born 1853)
*15 November – [[Camille Armand Jules Marie, Prince de Polignac]], [[Nobility|nobleman]], [[Academia|scholar]] and [[major general]] in the [[Confederate States Army]] (born 1832)
*5 December – [[Ferdinand Dugué]], poet and playwright (born 1816)
==See also==
* [[List of French films of 1913]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{France year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1913}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1913 In France}}
[[Category:1910s in France]]
| 1,245,313,908
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1912 - 1911 - 1910 - 1909 - 1908": "1913 \u00b7 in \u00b7 France \u00b7 \u2192 - 1914 - 1915 - 1916 - 1917 - 1918", "Decades": "1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s", "See also": "Other events of 1913 \u00b7 History of France \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false
|
# 1932–33 Plunket Shield season
The 1932–33 Plunket Shield season was a tournament of the Plunket Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of New Zealand.
Otago won the championship, finishing at the top of the points table at the end of the round-robin tournament between the four first-class sides, Auckland, Canterbury, Otago and Wellington.
## Table
Below are the Plunket Shield standings for the season:
| Team | Played | Won | Lost | Drawn | Points | NetRpW |
| ---------- | ------ | --- | ---- | ----- | ------ | ------ |
| Otago | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 4.741 |
| Canterbury | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 1.900 |
| Auckland | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 0.280 |
| Wellington | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | -6.843 |
|
enwiki/72822935
|
enwiki
| 72,822,935
|
1932–33 Plunket Shield season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932%E2%80%9333_Plunket_Shield_season
|
2024-01-27T22:34:51Z
|
en
|
Q116692660
| 63,310
|
{{Short description|Cricket tournament in New Zealand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 1932–33 Plunket Shield
| image = Plunket Shield.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = The Plunket Shield trophy
| administrator =
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]]
| champions = [[Otago cricket team|Otago]]
| count = 2<!-- counted since 1921–22 season -->
| participants = 4
| matches = 6
| attendance =
| player of the series =
| most runs =
| most wickets =
| previous_year = 1931–32
| previous_tournament = 1931–32 Plunket Shield season
| next_year = 1933–34
| next_tournament = 1933–34 Plunket Shield season
}}
The '''1932–33 Plunket Shield season''' was a tournament of the [[Plunket Shield]], the domestic [[first-class cricket|first-class]] [[cricket]] competition of New Zealand.
[[Otago cricket team|Otago]] won the championship, finishing at the top of the points table at the end of the [[round-robin tournament]] between the four first-class sides, [[Auckland cricket team|Auckland]], [[Canterbury cricket team|Canterbury]], [[Otago cricket team|Otago]] and [[Wellington cricket team|Wellington]].<ref name="Table">{{cite web |title=Plunket Shield 1932/33 Table |url=https://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/Tables/3/Plunket_Shield_1932-33.html |website=[[CricketArchive]] |access-date=23 January 2023 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
==Table==
Below are the Plunket Shield standings for the season:<ref name="Table"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=175 |Team
! style="width:30px;" abbr="Played"|Played
! style="width:30px;" abbr="Won"|Won
! style="width:30px;" abbr="Lost"|Lost
! style="width:30px;" abbr="Drawn"|Drawn
! style="width:30px;" abbr="Points"|Points
! style="width:30px;" abbr="NetRpW"|NetRpW
|- style="background:#cfc"
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Otago cricket team|Otago]]
| 3 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 20 || 4.741
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Canterbury cricket team|Canterbury]]
| 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 12 || 1.900
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Auckland cricket team|Auckland]]
| 3 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 12 || 0.280
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Wellington cricket team|Wellington]]
| 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0 || -6.843
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{New Zealand cricket seasons}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1932-33 Plunket Shield season}}
[[Category:Plunket Shield]]
[[Category:New Zealand cricket seasons from 1918–19 to 1944–45|Plunket Shield]]
{{New Zealand-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}
| 1,199,761,826
|
[{"title": "1932\u201333 Plunket Shield", "data": {"Cricket format": "First-class", "Tournament format(s)": "Round-robin", "Champions": "Otago (2nd title)", "Participants": "4", "Matches": "6"}}]
| false
|
# 1636 in England
Events from the year 1636 in England.
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Charles I
- Secretary of State – Sir John Coke
## Events
- 3 March – A "great charter" to the University of Oxford establishes the Oxford University Press as the second of the privileged presses.[1]
- 8 September – New College founded at the English colony of Massachusetts; later renamed 'Harvard'.
- 9 October – John Hampden refuses to pay ship money after a third writ is issued.
- Unknown – Completion of excavation of Old Bedford River (begun in 1630).
- Unknown – Roger Williams founds the new English colony Rhode Island in North America
- Unknown – Construction concluded on the Jacobean mansion Crewe Hall
## Births
- 29 June – Thomas Hyde, orientalist (died 1703)
- 29 September – Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 1715)
- 7 October – Edward Wetenhall, bishop (died 1713)
- 1 December – Elizabeth Capell, Countess of Essex, noblewoman (died 1718)
- 27 December – John Dormer, born Huddleston, Jesuit priest (died 1700)
## Deaths
- 20 March – Thomas Puckering, politician (born 1592)
- 18 April – Julius Caesar, judge (born c. 1557)
- 29 May – William Pitt, politician (born 1559)
- 15 August – Robert Hitcham, lawyer and politician (born 1572)
|
enwiki/14386359
|
enwiki
| 14,386,359
|
1636 in England
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1636_in_England
|
2022-07-28T20:12:21Z
|
en
|
Q56273771
| 58,027
|
{{Year in England|1636}}
Events from the year '''[[1636]] in [[Kingdom of England|England]]'''.
==Incumbents==
* [[English monarch|Monarch]] – [[Charles I of England|Charles I]]
* [[Secretary of State (England)|Secretary of State]] – [[Sir John Coke]]
==Events==
* 3 March – A "great charter" to the [[University of Oxford]] establishes the [[Oxford University Press]] as the second of the [[privileged presses]].<ref>{{cite web|title=A Short History of Oxford University Press|url=http://global.oup.com/about/oup_history/?AB=B&cc=gb|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2012|access-date=2013-07-30}}</ref>
* 8 September – New College founded at the English colony of [[Massachusetts]]; later renamed '[[Harvard University|Harvard]]'.
* 9 October – [[John Hampden]] refuses to pay ship money after a third writ is issued.
* Unknown – Completion of excavation of [[Old Bedford River]] (begun in 1630).
* Unknown – [[Roger Williams]] founds the new English colony [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations|Rhode Island]] in [[North America]]
* Unknown – Construction concluded on the [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] mansion [[Crewe Hall]]
==Births==
* 29 June – [[Thomas Hyde]], orientalist (died [[1703 in England|1703]])
* 29 September – [[Thomas Tenison]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (died [[1715 in Great Britain|1715]])
* 7 October – [[Edward Wetenhall]], bishop (died [[1713 in Great Britain|1713]])
* 1 December – [[Elizabeth Capell, Countess of Essex]], noblewoman (died [[1718 in Great Britain|1718]])
* 27 December – [[John Dormer (Jesuit)|John Dormer]], born Huddleston, Jesuit priest (died [[1700 in England|1700]])
==Deaths==
* 20 March – [[Thomas Puckering]], politician (born [[1592 in England|1592]])
* 18 April – [[Julius Caesar (judge)|Julius Caesar]], judge (born c. [[1557 in England|1557]])
* 29 May – [[William Pitt (courtier)|William Pitt]], politician (born [[1559 in England|1559]])
* 15 August – [[Robert Hitcham]], lawyer and politician (born [[1572 in England|1572]])
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Year in Europe|1636}}
{{England year nav}}
[[Category:1636 in England| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 17th century in England]]
| 1,101,002,932
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1635 - 1634 - 1633": "1636 \u00b7 in \u00b7 England \u00b7 \u2192 - 1637 - 1638 - 1639", "Centuries": "15th 16th 17th 18th 19th", "Decades": "1610s 1620s 1630s 1640s 1650s", "See also": "Other events of 1636"}}]
| false
|
# 10.5 cm leFH 18
The 10.5 cm leFH 18 (German: leichte Feldhaubitze "light field howitzer") is a German light howitzer used in World War II and the standard artillery piece of the Wehrmacht, adopted for service in 1935 and used by all divisions and artillery battalions. From 1935 to the end of the war, 11,848 were produced, along with 10,265 of the leFH 18/40 variant.
Designed in the late 1920s, it represented a major advance on its predecessor the 10.5 cm leFH 16. It was superior in caliber to its early opponents in the war, with adequate range and firepower, but the modern split trail gun carriage that provided it with more stability and traverse also rendered it overly heavy for a mobile role in the largely horse-drawn artillery battalions of the German army, particularly in the mud and snow of the Eastern Front.
The leFH 18 was further developed as the leFH 18M and leFH 18/40. Beginning in 1942, self-propelled versions were created by fitting the howitzer on a Panzer II, H35, Char B1 or 37L chassis. It was also used to equip German allies and neutral countries in Europe prior to and during the war.
## History
### Development
During the 1920s, the Reichswehr carried out analyses that indicated the 105 mm projectile was more effective than a 75 mm equivalent, without a major increase in cost. On 1 June 1927, the Army Ordnance Office (Heereswaffenamt) issued Secret Command Matter No. 59/27, calling for the development of a new light field howitzer. The project was assigned Priority Level II, "most important work". Rheinmetall-Borsig of Düsseldorf drew up the blueprints and made the initial calculations in 1928. Design work was complete in 1930, with production commencing in the early 1930s.
### Production
At the outbreak of World War II, the Wehrmacht had 4,862 leFH 18 howitzers. Deliveries from September 1939–February 1945 totaled 6,933 "leFH 18 on wheeled carriages". Rheinmetall and Krupp were the initial manufacturers, but by 1942 demand was exceeding output so they relocated all production to six firms in Plzeň, Altona, Elbing, Magdeburg, Dortmund and Borsigwalde. In 1943, the howitzer cost on average 16,400 RM, 6 months and 3,200 man hours to make.
## Design
The leFH 18 improved in most areas on its predecessor, the 10.5 cm leFH 16. A completely new three-point split trail gun carriage provided more stability and increased the traverse to 56 degrees. The sighting mechanism made it easier to fire at moving targets. The new gun carriage resulted in a major weight increase to over two tons. The heavier recoil of the higher muzzle velocity of 470 m/s was counteracted by a new pneumatic recuperator above the barrel, that provided compressed air and liquid in 55 °C to return the gun to firing position after firing. A barrel brake containing a water jacket and a fluid equalizer in the upper carriage also checked the recoil. The gun shield was a reinforced, tapered shield with flattened sides that could be folded down. The barrel was good for 10,000 to 12,000 shots. The howitzer could fire 28 different shell types. The main high explosive shell was nearly a kilogram lighter and contained a heavier explosive charge. The leFH proved an adaptable design, with a total of 28 different variants manufactured.
One issue with the design of the gun was that it was fairly heavy for a weapon of its class. This was because the weapon was designed to have a solid construction, which increased the weight. This was not seen as a concern at the time, as it was assumed that there would be an adequate supply of motor vehicles to tow it.
The pre-production wooden-spoke wheels were replaced beginning in 1936 with more durable light-metal cast wheel discs and removable tires that made the howitzer easier to tow. The motorized version was fitted with wider solid-rubber tires. A combination of wooden wheels and rubber tires was a frequent occurrence. Towards the end of the war, even older wooden wheels from the leFH 16 were used. The howitzer was designed from the start to be transported either by horse or motor vehicle. The heavy weight made horse-drawn transport difficult, especially in the mud and snow of the Eastern Front. The motorized version was attached directly without a limber to either a Sd.Kfz. 6 or Sd.Kfz. 11 prime mover and could easily achieve a march speed of 40 km/h, equivalent to a day's march by a horse-drawn battery. Although the Sd.Kfz. 6 was intended as the primary motor transport for the howitzer, the lighter Sd.Kfz. 11 could also achieve the same task. A motorized leFH 18 battery had a radius of action 10 times greater than a horse-drawn one and required 49 fewer personnel.
- Back of LeFH 18
- Left side view of LeFH 18
- Right side view of LeFH 18
## Service
### Germany
After trials, the field howitzer was officially introduced into Wehrmacht service on 26 July 1935 and replaced the leFH 16 in artillery battalions beginning in 1937. Important operational units, like the Panzer Divisions, were given priority in the reequipping. It became the standard divisional field howitzer used by the Wehrmacht during the Second World War. There were a total of 1,023 horse-drawn light field artillery battalions in the Wehrmacht and 62 motorized light artillery battalions in the Panzer and Panzergrenadier divisions, as well as GHQ artillery. The leFH 18 had a superior caliber compared to its opponents early in the war and performed well as the supporting arm of the panzer divisions.
While not ideally suited to it, the howitzer could in the right circumstances be effective in anti-tank combat, particularly in the North African Campaign where the motorized batteries of the 33rd Artillery Regiment of the 15th Panzer Division played an important role in defeating British armoured units at Sidi Rezegh on 23 November 1941 during Operation Crusader. On the Eastern Front, the light field howitzers were less successful in the anti-tank role.
During the Soviet counterattack in the Battle of Moscow, the retreating German horse-drawn artillery vehicles often had to be abandoned due to heavy snows and exhaustion. The experience of the first winter led to the use of larger draft horses and more fodder loaded on the limber. The crews had to walk on foot to spare the easily exhausted heavy horses. The desire to create a lighter carriage that would not hinder mobility to such a drastic extent led directly to the development of the leFH 18/40.
### Other users
Before 1938 the leFH 18 was exported to Hungary and Spain. 53 were exported to Finland in February–March 1944, where they were known as 105 H 33. 166 leFH were exported to Bulgaria in 1943 and 1944 (until February 1, 1944) Sweden purchased 142 leFH 18 howitzers from Germany between 1939 and 1942, designating it Haubits m/39. It was decommissioned from Swedish service in 1982. Norway, Portugal and Slovakia also purchased the howitzer. Also, 32 were to be exported to Estonia between December 1940 to June 1941, but due to the breakout of World War II, the orders were not fulfilled. A video shows an alleged Wehrmacht leFH 18M (A variant of the 10.5 cm leFH 18) firing on Al-Fu'ah, Syria on 30 August 2015, almost 80 years after the initial entry into Wehrmacht service.
## Operators
- Bulgaria: 166 delivered 1943–1944.
- Finland: 53 delivered in 1944. Known as 105 H 33.
- France: at least 74, from 1944-1945[25]
- Germany
- Hungary
- Norway
- Portugal: used by the Portuguese Army during the African colonial wars of the 1960s and 1970s. Known as Obus K 10,5 cm/28 m/941.
- Republic of China
- Slovakia[26]
- Spain
- Sweden: 142 purchased 1939–1942. Decommissioned in 1982.
- Romania
- North Korea[27]
## Sources
- Bishop, C. (1998). The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. Barnes & Noble. ISBN 978-0760710227.
- Engelmann, J. (1995) [1990]. Deutsche leichte Feldhaubitzen 1935-1945 [German Light Field Artillery in World War II]. Translated by Johnston, D. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0887407604.
- Engelmann, Joachim and Scheibert, Horst. Deutsche Artillerie 1934-1945: Eine Dokumentation in Text, Skizzen und Bildern: Ausrüstung, Gliederung, Ausbildung, Führung, Einsatz. Limburg/Lahn, Germany: C. A. Starke, 1974
- Gander, Terry and Chamberlain, Peter. Weapons of the Third Reich: An Encyclopedic Survey of All Small Arms, Artillery and Special Weapons of the German Land Forces 1939-1945. New York: Doubleday, 1979 ISBN 0-385-15090-3
- Hogg, Ian V. German Artillery of World War Two. 2nd corrected edition. Mechanicsville, PA: Stackpole Books, 1997 ISBN 1-85367-480-X
|
enwiki/7600155
|
enwiki
| 7,600,155
|
10.5 cm leFH 18
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10.5_cm_leFH_18
|
2025-02-28T09:31:11Z
|
en
|
Q163848
| 145,861
|
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name = 10.5 cm leFH 18
| image = 10.5 cm leFH 18 MWP 04.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption = LeFH 18 in camouflage at the [[Museum of the Polish Army]] in [[Warsaw]]
| origin = Germany
| type = [[Howitzer]]
<!-- Type selection -->| is_explosive = yes
| is_artillery = yes
<!-- Service history -->| service = 1935–1945 ([[Nazi Germany|Germany]])<br/>1939–1982 (Sweden)
| used_by = [[Nazi Germany|Germany]]<br/>See ''[[#Operators|Operators]]''
| wars = [[World War II]]<br/>[[Slovak–Hungarian War]]<br/>[[Portuguese Colonial War]]<br/>[[Syrian Civil War]]<ref name="urlSyrian rebels show off Nazi howitzer in video - The Local">{{cite web |url=https://www.thelocal.de/20150521/syrian-rebels-seen-using-nazi-howitzer |title=Syrian rebels show off Nazi howitzer in video - The Local |date=21 May 2015}}</ref>
<!-- Production history -->| designer = [[Rheinmetall]]
| design_date = 1927–1930
| manufacturer = Rheinmetall<br/>[[Krupp]]
| unit_cost = 3,200 man-hours<br>16,400 [[Reichsmark|RM]] (1943)
| production_date = 1935–1945
| number = 11,848 (original variant)<ref name=haubitzen>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de/Waffen/haubitzen-R.htm|title=Haubitzen und Mörser|website=www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de|accessdate=9 April 2023}}</ref><br/>10,265 (10.5 cm leFH 18/40)<ref name=haubitzen/>
| variants = [[10.5 cm leFH 18M|leFH 18M]], [[10.5 cm leFH 18/40|leFH 18/40]]
<!-- General specifications -->| weight = Travel: {{convert|3,490|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<br/>Combat: {{convert|1,985|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|6.100|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| part_length = {{convert|2.941|m|ftin|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} [[Caliber (artillery)|(28 calibers)]]
| width = {{convert|1.977|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1.880|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| crew = 6
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->| cartridge = [[Shell (projectile)#Separate loading cased charge|cased separate-loading]] (6 charges) 105 x 155mm R<br><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.quarryhs.co.uk/ammotable11.html|title=101|website=www.quarryhs.co.uk|access-date=2017-09-04|archive-date=26 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226010317/http://www.quarryhs.co.uk/ammotable11.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| cartridge_weight = {{convert|14.81|kg|lb|abbr=on}} ([[Explosive material|HE]])
| caliber = {{convert|105|mm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
| action =
| rate = 6-8 rpm
| velocity = {{convert|470|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}
| range =
| max_range = {{convert|10,675|m|yd|abbr=on}}
| feed =
| sights = Model 34 Sighting Mechanism
<!-- Artillery specifications -->| breech = horizontal [[Rifled breech loader#The sliding block|sliding-block]]
| recoil = [[Hydraulic recoil mechanism|hydro-pneumatic]]
| carriage = [[split trail]]
| elevation = -5° to +42°
| traverse = 56°
<!-- Explosive specifications -->| diameter =
| filling = [[Trinitrotoluene|TNT]]
| filling_weight = {{convert|1.845|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| detonation =
| yield =
}}
The '''10.5 cm leFH 18''' ({{langx|de|leichte Feldhaubitze}} "light field howitzer") is a German light [[howitzer]] used in [[World War II]] and the standard artillery piece of the [[Wehrmacht]], adopted for service in 1935 and used by all [[Division (military)|divisions]] and artillery battalions. From 1935 to the end of the war, 11,848 were produced, along with 10,265 of the leFH 18/40 variant.
Designed in the late 1920s, it represented a major advance on its predecessor the [[10.5 cm leFH 16]]. It was superior in caliber to its early opponents in the war, with adequate range and firepower, but the modern [[Gun carriage#Modern gun carriages|split trail]] gun carriage that provided it with more stability and traverse also rendered it overly heavy for a mobile role in the largely horse-drawn artillery battalions of the German army, particularly in the mud and snow of the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]].
The leFH 18 was further developed as the [[leFH 18M]] and [[leFH 18/40]]. Beginning in 1942, self-propelled versions were created by fitting the howitzer on a [[Wespe|Panzer II]], [[Hotchkiss H35#Western Front|H35]], [[Char B1#German use|Char B1]] or [[Lorraine 37L#German use|37L]] chassis. It was also used to equip German allies and neutral countries in Europe prior to and during the war.
==History==
===Development===
During the 1920s, the [[Reichswehr]] carried out analyses that indicated the 105 mm projectile was more effective than a 75 mm equivalent, without a major increase in cost.{{sfn|Bishop|1998|page=144}} On 1 June 1927, the [[Waffenamt|Army Ordnance Office]] (''Heereswaffenamt'') issued Secret Command Matter No. 59/27, calling for the development of a new light field howitzer. The project was assigned Priority Level II, "most important work". [[Rheinmetall|Rheinmetall-Borsig]] of [[Düsseldorf]] drew up the blueprints and made the initial calculations in 1928. Design work was complete in 1930, with production commencing in the early 1930s.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|pages=13-15}}
===Production===
At the outbreak of World War II, the Wehrmacht had 4,862 leFH 18 howitzers. Deliveries from September 1939–February 1945 totaled 6,933 "leFH 18 on wheeled carriages".{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=21}} Rheinmetall and [[Krupp]] were the initial manufacturers, but by 1942 demand was exceeding output so they relocated all production to six firms in [[Plzeň]], [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]], [[Elbing]], [[Magdeburg]], [[Dortmund]] and [[Borsigwalde]].{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=21}} In 1943, the howitzer cost on average 16,400 [[Reichsmark|RM]], 6 months and 3,200 man hours to make.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=24}}
==Design==
The leFH 18 improved in most areas on its predecessor, the [[10.5 cm leFH 16]]. A completely new three-point [[Gun carriage#Modern gun carriages|split trail]] gun carriage provided more stability and increased the traverse to 56 degrees.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=13}} The sighting mechanism made it easier to fire at moving targets.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=18}} The new gun carriage resulted in a major weight increase to over two tons. The heavier [[recoil]] of the higher muzzle velocity of 470 m/s was counteracted by a new pneumatic recuperator above the barrel, that provided compressed air and liquid in 55 °C to return the gun to firing position after firing.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|pages=14-15}} A barrel brake containing a water jacket and a fluid equalizer in the upper carriage also checked the recoil.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=16}} The [[gun shield]] was a reinforced, tapered shield with flattened sides that could be folded down. The barrel was good for 10,000 to 12,000 shots.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=24}} The howitzer could fire 28 different shell types.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=24}} The main [[Explosive material|high explosive]] shell was nearly a kilogram lighter and contained a heavier explosive charge.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=13}}{{clarify |date=August 2018 |reason=Nearly a kilogram lighter than what?}} The leFH proved an adaptable design, with a total of 28 different variants manufactured.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=18}}
One issue with the design of the gun was that it was fairly heavy for a weapon of its class. This was because the weapon was designed to have a solid construction, which increased the weight. This was not seen as a concern at the time, as it was assumed that there would be an adequate supply of motor vehicles to tow it.<ref>Bishop, Chris. The encyclopedia of weapons of world War II. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2002, p.144</ref>
The pre-production wooden-spoke wheels were replaced beginning in 1936 with more durable light-metal cast wheel discs{{clarify|What does "cast light-metal" mean? If these means die-cast aluminium alloy, that's plausible for 1936, but aluminium soon became a strategic material in short supply. They appear equally likely to be a pressed steel sheet wheel, which is far more likely from an economic viewpoint. Did they change? Or were they ever "cast light-metal"?|date=January 2019}} and removable tires that made the howitzer easier to tow.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=13}} The motorized version was fitted with wider solid-rubber tires. A combination of wooden wheels and rubber tires was a frequent occurrence.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=34}} Towards the end of the war, even older wooden wheels from the leFH 16 were used.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=34}} The howitzer was designed from the start to be transported either by horse or motor vehicle. The heavy weight made horse-drawn transport difficult, especially in the mud and snow of the Eastern Front.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=13}} The motorized version was attached directly without a limber to either a [[Sd.Kfz. 6]] or [[Sd.Kfz. 11]] [[Artillery tractor|prime mover]] and could easily achieve a march speed of 40 km/h, equivalent to a day's march by a horse-drawn battery.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|pages=17-18}} Although the Sd.Kfz. 6 was intended as the primary motor transport for the howitzer, the lighter Sd.Kfz. 11 could also achieve the same task.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=35}} A motorized leFH 18 battery had a radius of action 10 times greater than a horse-drawn one and required 49 fewer personnel.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=36}}
<gallery>
File:10.5 cm leFH 18 MWP 02.jpg|Back of LeFH 18
File:10.5 cm leFH 18 MWP 03.jpg|Left side view of LeFH 18
File:10.5 cm leFH 18 MWP 01.jpg|Right side view of LeFH 18
</gallery>
==Service==
===Germany===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-218-0529-07, Russland-Süd, Stalingrad, Geschützstellung.jpg|thumb|LeFH 18 howitzer in use at [[Stalingrad]], 1942]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-785-0275-39, Nordafrika, leichte Feldhaubitze in Feuerstellung.jpg|thumb|LeFH 18 battery in firing position in [[North African Campaign|North Africa]], June 1942]]
After trials, the field howitzer was officially introduced into Wehrmacht service on 26 July 1935 and replaced the leFH 16 in artillery battalions beginning in 1937.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=7}}{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=18}} Important operational units, like the [[Panzer Division]]s, were given priority in the reequipping.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=17}} It became the standard [[Division (military)|divisional]] field howitzer used by the Wehrmacht during the Second World War. There were a total of 1,023 horse-drawn light field artillery battalions in the Wehrmacht and 62 motorized light artillery battalions in the Panzer and [[Panzergrenadier]] divisions, as well as GHQ artillery.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=4}} The leFH 18 had a superior caliber compared to its opponents early in the war{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=21}} and performed well as the supporting arm of the panzer divisions.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=27}}
While not ideally suited to it, the howitzer could in the right circumstances be effective in anti-tank combat, particularly in the [[North African Campaign]] where the motorized batteries of the 33rd Artillery Regiment of the [[15th Panzer Division]] played an important role in defeating British armoured units at Sidi Rezegh on 23 November 1941 during [[Operation Crusader]].{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=37}} On the Eastern Front, the light field howitzers were less successful in the anti-tank role.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=4}}
During the Soviet counterattack in the [[Battle of Moscow]], the retreating German horse-drawn artillery vehicles often had to be abandoned due to heavy snows and exhaustion. The experience of the first winter led to the use of larger draft horses and more fodder loaded on the limber. The crews had to walk on foot to spare the easily exhausted heavy horses.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=27}} The desire to create a lighter carriage that would not hinder mobility to such a drastic extent led directly to the development of the leFH 18/40.{{sfn|Bishop|1998|page=144}}
===Other users===
Before 1938 the leFH 18 was exported to [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] and [[Francoist Spain|Spain]]. 53 were exported to Finland in February–March 1944, where they were known as ''105 H 33''. 166 leFH were exported to Bulgaria in 1943 and 1944 (until February 1, 1944)<ref>Петров, Людмил. Военната икономика на България 1919-1945, София 1999, с. 126. (Petrov, Lyudmil. Bulgaria's military economy 1919-1945, Sofia 1999, p. 126.)</ref> Sweden purchased 142 leFH 18 howitzers from Germany between 1939 and 1942, designating it ''Haubits m/39''. It was decommissioned from Swedish service in 1982. Norway, Portugal and [[Slovak Republic (1939–1945)|Slovakia]] also purchased the howitzer.{{sfn|Engelmann|1995|page=21}} Also, 32 were to be exported to [[Estonia]] between December 1940 to June 1941, but due to the breakout of [[World War II]], the orders were not fulfilled.<ref>Salo, Urmas. Riigikaitse Nõukogu protokollid 1933-1939, Tartu 2013, p. 419.</ref> A video shows an alleged Wehrmacht leFH 18M (A variant of the 10.5 cm leFH 18) firing on [[Al-Fu'ah]], [[Syria]] on 30 August 2015, almost 80 years after the initial entry into Wehrmacht service.<ref>{{cite AV media|url-status = dead|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2D_MmSDlmHk|title = YouTube, a Google company|website = [[YouTube]]|access-date = 2016-04-19|archive-date = 2016-11-29|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161129045440/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2D_MmSDlmHk}}</ref>
==Operators==
*{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Bulgaria}}: 166 delivered 1943–1944.
*{{FIN}}: 53 delivered in 1944. Known as ''105 H 33''.
* {{FRA}}: at least 74, from 1944-1945<ref>{{cite thesis |last= Weiss|first=Stéphane |date=2016-09-20 |title="Le jour d'après" : organisations et projets militaires dans la France libérée : août 1944 - mars 1946|lang=fr |url= https://hal.science/tel-01419407|degree=PhD |chapter= |publisher= [[Lumière University Lyon 2]]|pages=417, 581 & 697|docket= |oclc= |access-date=2014-12-28}}</ref>
*{{flagcountry|Nazi Germany}}
*{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)}}
*{{NOR}}
*{{POR}}: used by the Portuguese Army during the African colonial wars of the 1960s and 1970s. Known as ''Obus K 10,5 cm/28 m/941''.
* {{Flagcountry|Republic of China}}
*{{flagcountry|Slovak Republic (1939–1945)}}<ref>{{cite web |title=ztráty slovenské armády v letech 1939 - 1944 – Druhá světová válka – druhasvetova.com |url=https://druhasvetova.com/?p=armada/slovensko/Ztraty_slovenske_armady_v_letech_1939-1944 |website=druhasvetova.com |access-date=7 August 2024 |language=Czech}}</ref>
*{{flagcountry|Francoist Spain}}
*{{SWE}}: 142 purchased 1939–1942. Decommissioned in 1982.
*{{ROU}}
*{{flagcountry|North Korea}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2023/03/a-visual-guide-to-north-koreas-fighting.html|title=A Visual Guide To North Korea's Fighting Vehicles|accessdate=9 April 2023}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[15 cm sFH 18]] — The German Army's heavy divisional gun.
* [[Weapons employed in the Slovak–Hungarian War]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Sources==
* {{cite book |last=Bishop |first=C. |title=The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II|year=1998 |publisher=[[Barnes & Noble]]|isbn=978-0760710227}}
* {{cite book |last=Engelmann |first=J. |translator-last=Johnston|translator-first=D.|title=Deutsche leichte Feldhaubitzen 1935-1945|trans-title=German Light Field Artillery in World War II|orig-year=1990|year=1995 |publisher=[[Schiffer Publishing]] |location=[[Atglen, PA]] |isbn=978-0887407604}}
* Engelmann, Joachim and Scheibert, Horst. ''Deutsche Artillerie 1934-1945: Eine Dokumentation in Text, Skizzen und Bildern: Ausrüstung, Gliederung, Ausbildung, Führung, Einsatz''. Limburg/Lahn, Germany: C. A. Starke, 1974
* Gander, Terry and Chamberlain, Peter. ''Weapons of the Third Reich: An Encyclopedic Survey of All Small Arms, Artillery and Special Weapons of the German Land Forces 1939-1945''. New York: Doubleday, 1979 {{ISBN|0-385-15090-3}}
* Hogg, Ian V. ''German Artillery of World War Two''. 2nd corrected edition. Mechanicsville, PA: Stackpole Books, 1997 {{ISBN|1-85367-480-X}}
==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.historic-gallery.com/index.php?route=extension/d_blog_module/post&post_id=264 Wicker basket for an artillery shell. Wehrmacht. World War II] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010823/http://www.historic-gallery.com/index.php?route=extension%2Fd_blog_module%2Fpost&post_id=264 |date=2018-03-10 }}
{{WWIIGermanGuns}}
[[Category:World War II artillery of Germany]]
[[Category:World War II field artillery]]
[[Category:105 mm artillery]]
[[Category:Rheinmetall]]
[[Category:World War II howitzers]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1930s]]
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[{"title": "10.5 cm leFH 18", "data": {"Type": "Howitzer", "Place of origin": "Germany"}}, {"title": "Service history", "data": {"In service": "1935\u20131945 (Germany) \u00b7 1939\u20131982 (Sweden)", "Used by": "Germany \u00b7 See Operators", "Wars": "World War II \u00b7 Slovak\u2013Hungarian War \u00b7 Portuguese Colonial War \u00b7 Syrian Civil War"}}, {"title": "Production history", "data": {"Designer": "Rheinmetall", "Designed": "1927\u20131930", "Manufacturer": "Rheinmetall \u00b7 Krupp", "Unit cost": "3,200 man-hours \u00b7 16,400 RM (1943)", "Produced": "1935\u20131945", "No. built": "11,848 (original variant) \u00b7 10,265 (10.5 cm leFH 18/40)", "Variants": "leFH 18M, leFH 18/40"}}, {"title": "Specifications", "data": {"Mass": "Travel: 3,490 kg (7,690 lb) \u00b7 Combat: 1,985 kg (4,376 lb)", "Length": "6.100 m (20 ft 0.2 in)", "Barrel length": "2.941 m (9 ft 8 in) (28 calibers)", "Width": "1.977 m (6 ft 5.8 in)", "Height": "1.880 m (6 ft 2.0 in)", "Crew": "6", "Shell": "cased separate-loading (6 charges) 105 x 155mm R", "Shell weight": "14.81 kg (32.7 lb) (HE)", "Caliber": "105 mm (4.13 in)", "Breech": "horizontal sliding-block", "Recoil": "hydro-pneumatic", "Carriage": "split trail", "Elevation": "-5\u00b0 to +42\u00b0", "Traverse": "56\u00b0", "Rate of fire": "6-8 rpm", "Muzzle velocity": "470 m/s (1,500 ft/s)", "Maximum firing range": "10,675 m (11,674 yd)", "Sights": "Model 34 Sighting Mechanism", "Filling": "TNT", "Filling weight": "1.845 kg (4.07 lb)"}}]
| false
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# 1831 Mississippi gubernatorial election
The 1831 Mississippi gubernatorial election was held on August 1, 1831, to elect the governor of Mississippi. Abram M. Scott, a National Republican won against Democrats Hiram G. Runnels and Charles Lynch. Two other candidates, Wiley P. Harris and Adam Gordon, received scattered votes.
## Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ---------------------------------------- | ---------------- | ------ | ------ |
| | National Republican | Abram M. Scott | 3,953 | 31.6% |
| | Democratic | Hiram G. Runnels | 3,711 | 29.7% |
| | Democratic | Charles Lynch | 2,902 | 23.2% |
| | Democratic | Wiley P. Harris | 1,449 | 11.6% |
| | Independent | Adam Gordon | 492 | 3.9% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 12,503 | 100.00 |
| | National Republican gain from Democratic | | | |
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1831 Mississippi gubernatorial election
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{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1831 Mississippi gubernatorial election
| type = presidential
| previous_election = 1829 Mississippi gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1829
| next_election = 1833 Mississippi gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1833
| ongoing = no
| election_date = August 1, 1831
| registered =
| turnout =
| image1 = File:Abram_M._Scott_(Mississippi_Governor).jpg
| nominee1 = '''[[Abram M. Scott]]'''
| party1 = National Republican Party (United States)
| color1 =
| alliance1 =
| popular_vote1 = '''3,958'''
| percentage1 = '''31.6%'''
| image2 = File:Hiram_G._Runnels_(Mississippi_Governor).jpg
| nominee2 = [[Hiram G. Runnels]]
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| color2 =
| alliance2 =
| popular_vote2 = 3,711
| percentage2 = 29.7%
| image3 = Charles Lynch.png
| nominee3 = [[Charles Lynch (politician)|Charles Lynch]]
| party3 = Democratic Party (United States)
| color3 =
| alliance3 =
| popular_vote3 = 2,902
| percentage3 = 23.2%
| map_image = 1831 Mississippi gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size =
| map_caption = County results <br>
'''Scott:'''
{{legend0|#FFB380|50-60%}}
{{legend0|#FF9955|60-70%}}
{{legend0|#FF7F2A|70-80%}}
<br>
'''Runnels:'''
{{legend0|#A5B0FF|40-50%}}
{{legend0|#7996E2|50-60%}}
{{legend0|#6674DE|60-70%}}
{{legend0|#3933E5|80-90%}}
<br>
'''Lynch:'''
{{legend0|#7DDDDD|40-50%}}
{{legend0|#51C2C2|50-60%}}
{{legend0|#2AACAC|60-70%}}
{{legend0|#009696|70-80%}}
<br>
'''Harris:'''
{{legend0|#C64C4B|50-60%}}
<br>
'''Gordon:'''
{{legend0|#D9D9D9|40-50%}}
<br>
'''Tie:'''{{legend0|#DECDE6|30-40%}}
<!-- bottom -->| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Gerard Brandon]]
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Abram M. Scott]]
| after_party = National Republican Party (United States)
}}
The '''1831 Mississippi gubernatorial election''' was held on August 1, 1831, to elect the [[governor of Mississippi]]. [[Abram M. Scott]], a [[National Republican Party|National Republican]] won against [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] [[Hiram Runnels|Hiram G. Runnels]] and [[Charles Lynch (politician)|Charles Lynch]].<ref name="results">{{Cite book |last=Glashan |first=Roy R. |url=https://archive.org/details/americangovernor0000glas/page/168/mode/2up |title=American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978 |publisher=Meckler Books |location=Westport, CT |publication-date=1979 |pages=168–169}}</ref>{{Efn|Glashan 1979 labels Scott as both an [[Independent Republican (United States)|Independent Republican]] or [[National Republican]], whereas John Raimo and Robert Sobel 1978 label him a [[National Republican]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sobel |first1=Robert |url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldire0000sobe/page/802/mode/2up |title=Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States, 1789-1978 |last2=Raimo |first2=John |date=1978 |publisher=Meckler Books |isbn=978-0-930466-00-8 |pages=803 |language=en}}</ref>}} Two other candidates, [[Wiley P. Harris]] and Adam Gordon, received scattered votes.<ref name="statref">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i_1BAQAAMAAJ |title=Mississippi Official and Statistical Register |publisher=Vance Printing Co., State Printers for Mississippi |year=1900 |location=Jacksonville, Florida}}</ref><ref name="results2">{{Cite book |last=Dublin |first=Michael J. |title=United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860 : The Official Results by State and County |publisher=McFarland & Company, Incorporated Publishers |year=2011 |isbn=9780786453245 |pages=129}}</ref>
== Results ==
{{Election box begin no change|
|title=Mississippi gubernatorial election, 1831<ref name = "results"/><ref name = "statref"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party=National Republican Party (United States)
|candidate=[[Abram M. Scott]]
|votes=3,953
|percentage=31.6%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party=Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate=[[Hiram G. Runnels]]
|votes=3,711
|percentage=29.7%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party=Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate=[[Charles Lynch (politician)|Charles Lynch]]
|votes=2,902
|percentage=23.2%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party=Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate=[[Wiley P. Harris]]
|votes=1,449
|percentage=11.6%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party=Independent
|candidate=Adam Gordon
|votes=492
|percentage=3.9%
}}
{{Election box total no change|
|votes=12,503
|percentage=100.00
|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link no change|
|winner=National Republican Party (United States)
|loser=Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Elections in Mississippi sidebar}}
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Mississippi gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:1831 Mississippi elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:1831 United States gubernatorial elections|Mississippi]]
[[Category:1831 in Mississippi]]
| 1,271,234,883
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[{"title": "1831 Mississippi gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1829": "August 1, 1831 \u00b7 1833 \u2192", "Nominee": "Abram M. Scott \u00b7 Hiram G. Runnels \u00b7 Charles Lynch", "Party": "National Republican \u00b7 Democratic \u00b7 Democratic", "Popular vote": "3,958 \u00b7 3,711 \u00b7 2,902", "Percentage": "31.6% \u00b7 29.7% \u00b7 23.2%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Gerard Brandon \u00b7 Democratic": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Abram M. Scott \u00b7 National Republican"}}]
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# 17th century in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the 17th century.
## 1665
- Athanasius Kircher in Mundus Subterraneus (publication of which begins in Amsterdam) describes giant bones as those belonging to extinct races of humans.[2]
## 1671
- Martin Lister, a member of London's Royal Society declares that despite their appearances, fossils were never part of any animals.[3]
## 1677
- Robert Plot misinterprets a piece of Megalosaurus thigh bone as belonging to a war elephant brought to Britain when the region was under the control of the Roman Empire.[4] Despite recognizing this find as a petrified bone, he would later make the curious claim that fossils were made by God to decorate the inside of the Earth, and were thus never part of real animals.[3]
## 1696
- Robert Plot, the first illustrator of a dinosaur bone, dies in Borden, Kent, the village where he was born.[3]
## 1699
- Edward Lhuyd, a Welsh naturalist, speculates that fossils form when the minute spawn of oceanic life is carried inland by air currents and is forced to germinate inside of rocks. He also names Rutellum, a specimen now recognized as a Cetiosaurid Sauropod Dinosaur.[3]
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{| class="infobox"
! style="font-size:larger;" |
{| style="width:100%"
| style="text-align:left; width:15%;" |
| style="text-align:center" | [[List of years in paleontology|List of centuries in paleontology]]
| style="text-align:right; width:15%;"| ([[Table of years in paleontology|table]])
|}
|-
| style="text-align:center" |<!-- EARLIER YEARS-->{{flatlist}}
* [[List of years in science|Older]]
* '''[[17th century in paleontology|17th]]'''
* [[18th century in paleontology|18th]]
* [[19th century in paleontology|19th]]
* [[20th century in paleontology|20th]]
* [[21st century in paleontology|21st]]
{{endflatlist}}
|-
| style="border-top:1px #aaa solid; padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;" |
{{flatlist}}
;{{nobold|In science}}
:[[List of years in science|Older]]
:[[17th century in science|17th]]
:[[18th century in science|18th]]
:[[19th century in science|19th]]
:[[20th century in science|20th]]
:[[21st century in science|21st]]
{{endflatlist}}
|- <!-- OTHER SUBJECTS -->
| style="text-align:center" |
{{flatlist}}
* [[List of years in art|Art]]
* [[List of years in archaeology|Archaeology]]
* [[List of years in architecture|Architecture]]
* [[List of years in literature|Literature]]
* [[List of years in music|Music]]
* [[List of years in philosophy|Philosophy]]
* [[List of years in science|Science]]
{{endflatlist}}
|}
{{Year in paleontology header}} This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the [[17th century]].
==1665==
* [[Athanasius Kircher]] in ''[[Mundus Subterraneus (book)|Mundus Subterraneus]]'' (publication of which begins in Amsterdam) describes giant bones as those belonging to extinct races of humans.<ref>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Douglas|year=2005|title=Earth Time: exploring the deep past from Victorian England to the Grand Canyon|publisher=Wiley|location=Chichester|isbn=978-0-470-02221-4}}</ref>
==1671==
* [[Martin Lister]], a member of [[Royal Society of London|London's Royal Society]] declares that despite their appearances, fossils were never part of any [[animal]]s.<ref name="farlow"/>
==1677==
* [[Robert Plot]] misinterprets a piece of ''[[Megalosaurus]]'' [[thigh bone]] as belonging to a [[war elephant]] brought to [[Great Britain|Britain]] when the region was under the control of the [[Roman Empire]].<ref name=plotoumnh>{{cite web |title=Robert Plot: A brief biography of this important geologists life and work |website=Oxford University Museum of Natural History |page=4 |url=http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/learning/pdfs/plot.pdf |access-date=14 June 2013}}</ref> Despite recognizing this find as a petrified bone, he would later make the curious claim that fossils were made by [[God]] to decorate the inside of the Earth, and were thus never part of real [[animal]]s.<ref name="farlow">{{cite book| last = Farlow| first = James O.|author2= M. K. Brett-Surmann| title = The Complete Dinosaur| publisher = Indiana University Press| year = 1999| location = Bloomington, Indiana| pages = 5| isbn = 0-253-21313-4}}</ref>
==1696==
* [[Robert Plot]], the first illustrator of a [[dinosaur]] bone, dies in [[Borden, Kent]], the village where he was born.<ref name="farlow"/>
==1699==
* [[Edward Lhuyd]], a Welsh naturalist, speculates that fossils form when the minute [[Gamete|spawn]] of oceanic life is carried inland by air currents and is forced to germinate inside of rocks. He also names [[Rutellum]], a specimen now recognized as a [[Cetiosauridae|Cetiosaurid]] [[Sauropod]] [[Dinosaur]].<ref name="farlow"/>
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Paleontology by year]]
[[Category:17th century in science|Paleontology]]
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[]
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# 1696 Jacobite assassination plot
George Barclay led an unsuccessful attempt to ambush and kill William III and II of England, Scotland and Ireland in early 1696.
## Background
One of a series of plots by Jacobites to reverse the Glorious Revolution of 1688–1689, the plot of 1696 had been preceded by the "Ailesbury plot" of 1691–1692. Strictly the "Fenwick plot" of 1695 is distinct from the assassination plot of 1696. The successor was the proposed French invasion of Scotland of 1708.
Robert Charnock had served under John Parker in the Jacobite cavalry at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690. In 1694 he was put in command of forces raised in the London area by Parker, for a potential Jacobite rising against William III and Mary II. Parker also drew in George Porter and Sir William Parkyns. He left the country in the middle of 1694. By then Charnock was discussing a plan to kidnap William III and take him to France. Mixed messages from James II confused the issue, and nothing had been done by April 1695, when William left the country.
Sir John Fenwick, 3rd Baronet, was one of the inner circle who advised James on English affairs. Mary's death at the end of 1694 revived their interest in direct action in England, and finance from France arrived by April 1695. Fenwick, however, was opposed to the schemes proposed by Charnock and his group. Meeting in May with Sir John Friend and others, he sent Charnock to France to move a plan for a massive invasion, instead. In June Fenwick was involved in Jacobite rioting and was arrested. Sir George Barclay was sent to act as his deputy in commanding forces supposed to co-ordinate with an invasion force under the Duke of Berwick. Barclay assessed the plan as hopeless, shunned Fenwick, and went back to the original idea of "kidnapping" William, certainly a euphemism for an assassination.
## Plan
The plot was based on William III's habitual movements, on returning from hunting. On the south bank of the River Thames, at Kew, he would take a ferry that would bring him to the north bank, on a lane that ran from Turnham Green to Brentford (at this period these places were not built up, and lay west of the London conurbation).
Barclay's plan depended on surprising William in his coach, and his armed escort. It was intended to use three parties of armed men, one to capture the king, and the others to deal with his guards. A point was chosen on the lane which was narrow enough so that the royal coach and six horses would not be able to manoeuvre.
The plot was prepared and its armed men were ready to act on 15 February and 22 February 1696. One party was under the command of Ambrose Rookwood.
## Detection of the plot
William Trumbull, who was Secretary of State for the Northern Department at the time, heard about the plotting beginning in August 1695. He gathered intelligence on it through informers, and led the early investigation, which later was handed over to James Vernon. There was no shortage of rumour, with the information from Thomas Prendergast proving decisive: he had been approached by George Porter on 13 February 1696, and then went to William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland, to reveal the conspiracy. In a second interview he gave the king details of the conspirators, a group numbering around 40 in all.
The ramifications of the plot proved more troublesome to Vernon. Fenwick defended himself actively by trying to implicate Lord Godolphin, the Duke of Shrewsbury, the Earl of Marlborough, and the Earl of Orford. These charges led into the heart of the Junto, and Shrewsbury was Vernon's immediate superior. To add to the awkward position, this group of Whigs had in fact been in correspondence with James II at St Germain.
## Aftermath
The attempt did not take place on either day when the plotters were in position, and on 23 February 1696 a proclamation was made against them. A number of Jacobites connected to Fenwick, but not involved in the plot were arrested, including James Grahme on 3 March 1696, Thomas Higgons and Bevil Higgons; they were later released. On 21 March, Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of Ailesbury, another not directly involved in the plot was taken to the Tower of London, where he was kept until February 1697. Viscount Montgomery went into hiding after being named in a proclamation; he gave himself up on 15 December 1696 and was held in Newgate Prison for about seven months.
A long sequence of trials related to the plot began in March. The 1695 Treason Act made the date of arrest crucial in determining whether the accused were entitled to defense counsel; this was denied to Friend, Parkyns and Charnock when Sir John Holt enforced the letter of the law. Sentenced to death, Friend and Parkyns were attended by three Non-Juror priests (Jeremy Collier, Shadrach Cook and William Snatt) and immediately prior to the execution on 13 April 1696, the clergymen declared Friend and Parkyns absolved of their sins. In doing so, the clergymen effectively declared the conspirators to be correct in their actions, whilst also performing a rite that was not recognised by the Church of England. This caused a considerable furore; Collier went into hiding and was outlawed, while Cook and Snatt were tried and found guilty but later released.
Constantijn Huygens, William's personal secretary, records in his Diary; 'I was in doubt whether to watch the execution of Friend and Parkyns, but being on my way from Kensington, I saw the spectators walking away and so returned home.' He also mentions pamphlets on the trial were already for sale in the streets.
In addition to Friend and Parkyns, Rookwood and others, who had counsel, were executed in April 1696; in total, nine Jacobite activists were put to death. Sir John Fenwick was convicted on a bill of attainder, and executed on 28 January 1697. Robert Cassels, Robert Meldrum, James Counter, James Chambers, Robert Blackbourn, and Major John Bernardi were detained without trial; other than Counter, none were released, the last survivor, Bernardi, dying in 1736 while still in Newgate.
## Political consequences
In political terms, the unmasked plot strengthened the hand of the Whig Junto in dealing with the Country Party, and in asking parliament to vote money. The House of Commons agreed to the swearing of an "association", in effect a loyalty oath to the king; and it was argued that William's preservation was divine providence, undermining the view that he had only been entitled to the English throne in the lifetime of Queen Mary.
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{{Short description|Jacobite assassination plot against William III of England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
[[File:Triumphs of Providence.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''The Triumphs of Providence'', 1696 broadsheet celebrating William III's escape from assassination.]]
{{Campaignbox Jacobite risings}}
[[George Barclay (Jacobite)|George Barclay]] led an unsuccessful attempt to ambush and kill [[William III of England|William III and II of England, Scotland and Ireland]] in early 1696.
==Background==
One of a series of plots by [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]] to reverse the [[Glorious Revolution]] of 1688–1689, the plot of 1696 had been preceded by the "Ailesbury plot" of 1691–1692. Strictly the "Fenwick plot" of 1695 is distinct from the assassination plot of 1696. The successor was the [[Planned French Invasion of Britain (1708)|proposed French invasion of Scotland of 1708]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Daniel Szechi|title=The Jacobites: Britain and Europe, 1688-1788|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kWr1KaDAxZEC&pg=PA54|year=1994|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-3774-0|pages=54–5}}</ref>
[[Robert Charnock]] had served under [[John Parker (Jacobite)|John Parker]] in the Jacobite cavalry at the [[Battle of the Boyne]] in 1690. In 1694 he was put in command of forces raised in the London area by Parker, for a potential Jacobite rising against [[William III of England|William III]] and [[Mary II of England|Mary II]]. Parker also drew in [[George Porter (conspirator)|George Porter]] and [[Sir William Parkyns]]. He left the country in the middle of 1694. By then Charnock was discussing a plan to kidnap William III and take him to France. Mixed messages from [[James II of England|James II]] confused the issue, and nothing had been done by April 1695, when William left the country.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=5171|title=Charnock, Robert|first=Paul|last=Hopkins}}</ref>
[[Sir John Fenwick, 3rd Baronet]], was one of the inner circle who advised James on English affairs. Mary's death at the end of 1694 revived their interest in direct action in England, and finance from France arrived by April 1695. Fenwick, however, was opposed to the schemes proposed by Charnock and his group. Meeting in May with [[Sir John Friend]] and others, he sent Charnock to France to move a plan for a massive invasion, instead. In June Fenwick was involved in Jacobite rioting and was arrested. Sir George Barclay was sent to act as his deputy in commanding forces supposed to co-ordinate with an invasion force under the [[James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick|Duke of Berwick]]. Barclay assessed the plan as hopeless, shunned Fenwick, and went back to the original idea of "kidnapping" William, certainly a euphemism for an assassination.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=9304|title=Fenwick, Sir John|first=Paul|last=Hopkins}}</ref>
==Plan==
[[File:Kew Turnham Green 1785 map.jpg|thumb|Map of the area of the planned assassination attempt, from 1785. [[Kew Bridge]] as shown was constructed only in the middle of the 18th century: William III would have crossed by ferry, separating him temporarily from some of his escort.]]
The plot was based on William III's habitual movements, on returning from hunting. On the south bank of the [[River Thames]], at [[Kew]], he would take a ferry that would bring him to the north bank, on a lane that ran from [[Turnham Green]] to [[Brentford]] (at this period these places were not built up, and lay west of the London conurbation).<ref>{{cite book|author1=Sir Walter Scott|author2=John Somers Baron Somers|title=A Collection of Scarce and Valuable Tracts, on the Most Interesting and Entertaining Subjects: Reign of King William III (cont.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YZ4hAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA139|year=1814|publisher=T. Cadell, W. Davies|page=139}}</ref>
Barclay's plan depended on surprising William in his coach, and his armed escort. It was intended to use three parties of armed men, one to capture the king, and the others to deal with his guards.<ref name="ODNB">{{cite ODNB|id=24067|title=Rookwood, Ambrose|first=Paul|last=Hopkins}}</ref> A point was chosen on the lane which was narrow enough so that the royal coach and six horses would not be able to manoeuvre.<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Barclay, George|volume=3}}</ref>
The plot was prepared and its armed men were ready to act on 15 February and 22 February 1696. One party was under the command of [[Ambrose Rookwood (Jacobite)|Ambrose Rookwood]].<ref name="ODNB"/>
==Detection of the plot==
[[William Trumbull]], who was [[Secretary of State for the Northern Department]] at the time, heard about the plotting beginning in August 1695. He gathered intelligence on it through informers, and led the early investigation, which later was handed over to [[James Vernon (politician, born 1646)|James Vernon]].<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=27776|title=Trumbull, William|first=A. A.|last=Hanham}}</ref> There was no shortage of rumour, with the information from [[Sir Thomas Prendergast, 1st Baronet|Thomas Prendergast]] proving decisive: he had been approached by George Porter on 13 February 1696, and then went to [[William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland]], to reveal the conspiracy. In a second interview he gave the king details of the conspirators, a group numbering around 40 in all.<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Prendergast, Thomas (1660?-1709)|volume=46}}</ref>
The ramifications of the plot proved more troublesome to Vernon. Fenwick defended himself actively by trying to implicate [[Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin|Lord Godolphin]], the [[Duke of Shrewsbury]], the [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough|Earl of Marlborough]], and the [[Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford|Earl of Orford]]. These charges led into the heart of the Junto, and Shrewsbury was Vernon's immediate superior.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=28243|title=Vernon, James|first=Alan|last=Marshall}}</ref> To add to the awkward position, this group of Whigs had in fact been in correspondence with James II at [[Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye|St Germain]].<ref>{{cite book |author=John Callow |title=King in Exile, James II: Warrior, King and Saint, 1689–1701|year=2004|publisher=Sutton Publishing |isbn=0-7509-3082-9|page=186}}</ref>
==Aftermath==
[[Image:Collier jeremy.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Jeremy Collier]], one of the [[nonjuring schism|Non-Juror]] priests present at the execution of Friend and Parkyns ]]
[[File:James Grahme Lely.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[James Grahme]], arrested in connection with the plot but later released]]
The attempt did not take place on either day when the plotters were in position, and on 23 February 1696 a proclamation was made against them.<ref name="ODNB"/> A number of Jacobites connected to Fenwick, but not involved in the plot were arrested, including [[James Grahme]] on 3 March 1696, [[Thomas Higgons (Jacobite)|Thomas Higgons]] and [[Bevil Higgons]]; they were later released.<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Graham, James (1649-1730)|volume=22}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite DNB|wstitle=Higgons, Bevil|volume=22}}</ref><ref>{{cite ODNB|id=65474|title=Higgons, Thomas|first=Edward|last=Corp}}</ref> On 21 March, [[Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of Ailesbury]], another not directly involved in the plot was taken to the [[Tower of London]], where he was kept until February 1697.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=3758|title=Bruce, Thomas|first=Victor|last=Stater}}</ref> [[William Herbert, 2nd Marquess of Powis|Viscount Montgomery]] went into hiding after being named in a proclamation; he gave himself up on 15 December 1696 and was held in [[Newgate Prison]] for about seven months.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=13061|title=Herbert, William|first=Paul|last=Hopkins}}</ref>
A long sequence of trials related to the plot began in March.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Thomas Bayly Howell|author2=Thomas Jones Howell|title=A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors from the Earliest Period to the Year 1820.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HFZTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT14|year=1816|publisher=Longman|page=14}}</ref> The [[Treason Act 1695|1695 Treason Act]] made the date of arrest crucial in determining whether the accused were entitled to [[defense counsel]]; this was denied to Friend, Parkyns and Charnock when [[Sir John Holt]] enforced the letter of the law.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=13611|title=Holt, Sir John|first=Paul D.|last=Halliday}}</ref> Sentenced to death, Friend and Parkyns were attended by three [[nonjuring schism|Non-Juror]] priests ([[Jeremy Collier]], Shadrach Cook and [[William Snatt]]) and immediately prior to the execution on 13 April 1696, the clergymen declared Friend and Parkyns absolved of their sins. In doing so, the clergymen effectively declared the conspirators to be correct in their actions, whilst also performing a rite that was not recognised by the Church of England.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sirota |first1=Brent |title=The Christian Monitors: The Church of England and the Age of Benevolence, 1680-1730 |date=2014 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300167108 |page=162 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aTueAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA299}}</ref> This caused a considerable furore; Collier went into hiding and was outlawed, while Cook and Snatt were tried and found guilty but later released.<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Parkyns, William|volume=43}}</ref><ref>{{cite ODNB|id=5917|title=Collier, Jeremy|first=Eric|last=Salmon}}</ref>
Constantijn Huygens, William's personal secretary, records in his Diary; 'I was in doubt whether to watch the execution of Friend and Parkyns, but being on my way from Kensington, I saw the spectators walking away and so returned home.'<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dekker |first1=Rudolf M |title=Family, Culture and Society in the Diary of Constantijn Huygens Jr, Secretary to Stadholder-King William of Orange |date=2013 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004250949 |page=104}}</ref> He also mentions pamphlets on the trial were already for sale in the streets.
In addition to Friend and Parkyns, Rookwood and others, who had counsel, were executed in April 1696; in total, nine Jacobite activists were put to death.<ref>{{cite book |author=John Callow |title=King in Exile, James II: Warrior, King and Saint, 1689–1701|year=2004|publisher=Sutton Publishing |isbn=0-7509-3082-9|page=276}}</ref> Sir John Fenwick was convicted on a [[bill of attainder]], and executed on 28 January 1697.<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Fenwick, John (1645?-1697)|volume=28}}</ref> Robert Cassels, Robert Meldrum, James Counter, James Chambers, [[Robert Blackbourn]], and Major [[John Bernardi]] were detained without trial; other than Counter, none were released, the last survivor, Bernardi, dying in 1736 while still in Newgate.<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Bernardi, John|volume=04}}</ref>
==Political consequences==
In political terms, the unmasked plot strengthened the hand of the [[Whig Junto]] in dealing with the [[Country Party (Britain)|Country Party]], and in asking parliament to vote money.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Esther Mijers|author2=David Onnekink|title=Redefining William III: The Impact of the King-stadholder in International Context|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9J75Re5MLkQC&pg=PA166|year=2007|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-0-7546-8639-2|page=166}}</ref> The House of Commons agreed to the swearing of an "[[Association of 1696|association]]", in effect a loyalty oath to the king; and it was argued that William's preservation was [[divine providence]], undermining the view that he had only been entitled to the English throne in the lifetime of Queen Mary.<ref>{{cite book|author=Edward Vallance|title=Revolutionary England and the National Covenant: State Oaths, Protestantism, and the Political Nation, 1553-1682|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdOgBPI1HmEC&pg=PA201|year=2005|publisher=Boydell Press|isbn=978-1-84383-118-1|pages=201–2}}</ref>
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Plots and conspiracies}}
[[Category:1696 in England]]
[[Category:Conspiracies]]
[[Category:Failed assassination attempts in Europe]]
[[Category:Jacobitism]]
[[Category:1690s in London]]
[[Category:17th-century coups d'état]]
[[Category:William III of England]]
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# 1690s in archaeology
The decade of the 1690s in archaeology involved some significant events.
## Finds
- 1693 - Alfred Jewel discovered at North Petherton in Somerset, England.[1]
- 1697 - Commemorative stela of Nahr el-Kalb discovered in Lebanon by Henry Maundrell.
## Events
- 1693 - John Aubrey completes his Monumenta Britannica, or, A miscellanie of British antiquities in manuscript.
- 1694 - Maltese canon Ignazio di Costanzo reports in a letter that the Cippi of Melqart bear an inscription in the Phoenician alphabet.
## Births
- 1690: February 3 - Richard Rawlinson, English antiquarian (d. 1755)
- 1692: October 31 - Anne Claude de Caylus, French archaeologist (d. 1765)[2]
- 1696: Francis Drake, English antiquary (d. 1771)[3]
## Deaths
- 1697: John Aubrey, English antiquary (b. 1626)[4]
- 1698: Giovanni Giustino Ciampini, Italian archaeologist (b. 1633)[5]
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year topic navigation|1690|archaeology|science}}
The decade of the '''1690s in archaeology''' involved some significant events.
==Explorations==
*
==Excavations==
*
==Finds==
* 1693 - [[Alfred Jewel]] discovered at [[North Petherton]] in [[Somerset]], England.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ashmolean Museum: British Archaeology Collections - Alfred Jewel|url=http://britisharchaeology.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/highlights/alfred-jewel.html|website=britisharchaeology.ashmus.ox.ac.uk|accessdate=9 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316140305/http://britisharchaeology.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/highlights/alfred-jewel.html|archive-date=16 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 1697 - [[Commemorative stela of Nahr el-Kalb]] discovered in [[Lebanon]] by [[Henry Maundrell]].
==Events==
* 1693 - [[John Aubrey]] completes his ''{{Proper name|{{lang|la|Monumenta Britannica}}, or, A miscellanie of British antiquities}}'' in manuscript.
* 1694 - Maltese [[Canon (priest)|canon]] Ignazio di Costanzo reports in a letter that the [[Cippi of Melqart]] bear an inscription in the [[Phoenician alphabet]].
==Births==
* 1690: February 3 - [[Richard Rawlinson]], English antiquarian (d. [[1755 in archaeology|1755]])
* 1692: October 31 - [[Anne Claude de Caylus]], French archaeologist (d. [[1765 in archaeology|1765]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Claude-Philippe-de-Tubieres-comte-de-Caylus|title=Anne-Claude-Philippe de Tubières, count de Caylus|website=britannica.com|accessdate=10 June 2017}}</ref>
* 1696: [[Francis Drake (antiquary)|Francis Drake]], English antiquary (d. [[1771 in archaeology|1771]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F68911|title=Drake, Francis (1696-1771) Antiquary|website=nationalarchives.gov.uk|accessdate=17 May 2017}}</ref>
==Deaths==
* 1697: [[John Aubrey]], English antiquary (b. [[1626 in archaeology|1626]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Earth Mysteries: John Aubrey (1626-1697)|url=http://www.britannia.com/wonder/aubry.html|website=www.britannia.com|accessdate=4 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161024222647/http://www.britannia.com/wonder/aubry.html|archive-date=24 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 1698: [[Giovanni Giustino Ciampini]], Italian archaeologist (b. [[1633 in archaeology|1633]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-nr00032521/|title=Ciampini, Giovanni Giustino 1633-1698|website=worldcat.org|accessdate=4 June 2017}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Archaeology timeline]]
| years = 1690s
| before = [[1680s in archaeology]]
| after = [[1700s in archaeology]]
}}
{{s-end}}
[[Category:Archaeology by decade]]
[[Category:17th century in archaeology]]
[[Category:1690s in science|Archaeology]]
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# 1656 in England
Events from the year 1656 in England.
## Incumbents
- Lord Protector – Oliver Cromwell
## Events
- 2 April – Anglo-Spanish War: King Philip IV of Spain signs a treaty with the exiled Charles II of England for the reconquest of England.[1]
- May – first performance of The Siege of Rhodes, Part I, by Sir William Davenant (with music by Henry Lawes, Matthew Locke, Captain Cooke and others) the first English opera (under the guise of a recitative), in a private theatre at his home, Rutland House, in the City of London. This also includes the innovative use of painted backdrops and the appearance of England's first professional actress, Mrs. Coleman.
- 17 September
- The Second Protectorate Parliament assembles.[1]
- Miles Sindercombe makes a failed assassination attempt on Oliver Cromwell.[1]
- 19 September – Anglo-Spanish War: Admiral Robert Blake destroys a Spanish treasure fleet near Cádiz.[2]
- 24 October – Quaker James Nayler re-enacts the arrival of Jesus in Jerusalem at Bristol, for which he is arrested for blasphemy.[1]
### Undated
- Resettlement of the Jews in England is permitted.
- The only English fifty shilling coin is minted.
- Adams' Grammar School is founded in Newport, Shropshire by London haberdasher William Adams, a native of the town.
- Cromwell and his Privy Council issue an order for the founding of Durham College.
- The King's Own Regiment of Guards is raised at Bruges under the command of the Earl of Rochester for the defence of the exiled Charles II, origin of the Grenadier Guards.[3]
### Ongoing events
- Anglo-Spanish War 1654–1660
## Publications
- James Harrington's political tract The Commonwealth of Oceana.[2]
- The Musaeum Tradescantianum catalogue (the first such in England) Musæum Tradescantianum: or, A Collection of Rarities, preserved at South-Lambeth neer London by John Tradescant.[4]
## Births
- 1 January – William Fleetwood, economist and statistician (died 1723)
- 14 September – Thomas Baker, antiquarian (died 1746)
- 29 October – Edmond Halley, scientist (died 1742)
- 17 November – Charles Davenant, economist (died 1714)
## Deaths
- 9 June – Thomas Tomkins, composer (born 1572 in Wales)
- 20 June – Henry Bard, 1st Viscount Bellomont, Royalist (born 1616)
- 8 September – Joseph Hall, bishop and writer (born 1574)
- 12 September – Philip Stanhope, 1st Earl of Chesterfield (born 1584)
- 28 October – Stephen Bachiler, clergyman (born c. 1561)
- 6 November – Sir Robert Harley, statesman (born 1579)
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{{Year in England|1656}}
Events from the year '''[[1656]] in [[The Protectorate|England]]'''.
==Incumbents==
* [[Lord Protector]] – [[Oliver Cromwell]]
==Events==
* 2 April – [[Anglo-Spanish War (1654)|Anglo-Spanish War]]: King [[Philip IV of Spain]] signs a treaty with the exiled [[Charles II of England]] for the reconquest of England.<ref name="British Civil Wars">{{cite web|url=http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/timelines/1656.htm|title=1656, British Civil Wars|access-date=2007-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012015114/http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/timelines/1656.htm|archive-date=12 October 2007<!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref>
* May – first performance of ''[[The Siege of Rhodes]]'', Part I, by Sir [[William Davenant]] (with music by [[Henry Lawes]], [[Matthew Locke (composer)|Matthew Locke]], [[Henry Cooke (composer)|Captain Cooke]] and others) the first English [[opera]] (under the guise of a [[recitative]]), in a private theatre at his home, [[Rutland House]], in the [[City of London]]. This also includes the innovative use of painted backdrops and the appearance of England's first professional [[actress]], Mrs. Coleman.
* 17 September
** The [[Second Protectorate Parliament]] assembles.<ref name="British Civil Wars"/>
** [[Miles Sindercombe]] makes a failed assassination attempt on [[Oliver Cromwell]].<ref name="British Civil Wars"/>
* 19 September – Anglo-Spanish War: [[Robert Blake (admiral)|Admiral Robert Blake]] destroys a Spanish treasure fleet near [[Battle of Cádiz (1656)|Cádiz]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/267|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/267 267]}}</ref>
* 24 October – [[Quaker]] [[James Nayler]] re-enacts [[Palm Sunday|the arrival of Jesus in Jerusalem]] at [[Bristol]], for which he is arrested for [[blasphemy]].<ref name="British Civil Wars"/>
===Undated===
* [[Resettlement of the Jews in England]] is permitted.
* The only [[English fifty shilling coin]] is minted.
* [[Adams' Grammar School]] is founded in [[Newport, Shropshire]] by London [[haberdasher]] [[William Adams (haberdasher)|William Adams]], a native of the town.
* Cromwell and his Privy Council issue an order for the founding of [[Durham College (17th century)|Durham College]].
* The [[Lord Wentworth's Regiment|King's Own Regiment of Guards]] is raised at [[Bruges]] under the command of the [[Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester|Earl of Rochester]] for the defence of the exiled Charles II, origin of the [[Grenadier Guards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wiki.bcw-project.org/royalist/foot-regiments/kings-guards|title=The King's Own Regiment of Guards|publisher=BCW Project|access-date=2023-05-30}}</ref>
===Ongoing events===
* [[Anglo-Spanish War (1654)|Anglo-Spanish War]] 1654–1660
==Publications==
* [[James Harrington (author)|James Harrington]]'s political tract ''[[The Commonwealth of Oceana]]''.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
* The [[Musaeum Tradescantianum]] catalogue (the first such in England) ''Musæum Tradescantianum: or, A Collection of Rarities, preserved at South-Lambeth neer London by [[John Tradescant the Younger|John Tradescant]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ashmolean.org/ash/amulets/tradescant/tradescant04.html|title=Musaeum Tradescantianum|work=The Tradescant Collection|publisher=[[Ashmolean Museum]]|location=Oxford|date=2002-01-15|access-date=2011-04-10}}</ref>
==Births==
* 1 January – [[William Fleetwood]], economist and statistician (died 1723)
* 14 September – [[Thomas Baker (antiquarian)|Thomas Baker]], antiquarian (died 1746)
* 29 October – [[Edmond Halley]], scientist (died 1742)
* 17 November – [[Charles Davenant]], economist (died 1714)
==Deaths==
* 9 June – [[Thomas Tomkins]], composer (born 1572 in Wales)
* 20 June – [[Henry Bard, 1st Viscount Bellomont]], Royalist (born 1616)
* 8 September – [[Joseph Hall (bishop)|Joseph Hall]], bishop and writer (born 1574)
* 12 September – [[Philip Stanhope, 1st Earl of Chesterfield]] (born 1584)
* 28 October – [[Stephen Bachiler]], clergyman (born c. 1561)
* 6 November – [[Robert Harley (1579–1656)|Sir Robert Harley]], statesman (born 1579)
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{England year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1656}}
[[Category:1656 in England| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 17th century in England]]
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1655 - 1654 - 1653": "1656 \u00b7 in \u00b7 England \u00b7 \u2192 - 1657 - 1658 - 1659", "Centuries": "15th 16th 17th 18th 19th", "Decades": "1630s 1640s 1650s 1660s 1670s", "See also": "Other events of 1656"}}]
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# 105th Technical & Administrative Services Group (Reserve)
The 105th Technical & Administrative Services Group, known officially as Haribon Group, is one of five TAS units of the 1st Technical and Administrative Services Brigade (Reserve) of the AFP Reserve Command, and is based in Quezon City. The unit provides combat service support services to the 1502nd Infantry Brigade (Ready Reserve) and 1503rd Infantry Brigade (Ready Reserve) of the Army Reserve Command.
The AOR of the 105th TAS Group covers the entirety of Quezon City and the City of Marikina. It is primarily tasked to support maneuver units of the AFP Reserve Force operating within these areas.
## The Commissioned Officer Corps
Officers of the 105TASG, AFPRESCOM are directly commissioned through AFP Circular Nr. 4 and 6 and may come from any of the following professions:
- Lawyers and Paralegal Specialists (Judge Advocate General Service)
- Medical Doctors (Medical Corps)
- Nurses (Nurse Corps)
- Dentists (Dental Service)
- Veterinarians (Veterinary Corps)
- Licensed Teachers (Corps of Professors)
- Allied Medical, Business, and Mass Communication Specialists (Medical Administrative Corps)
- Licensed Engineers (Corps of Engineers)
- Ordained Chaplains (Chaplain Service)
## Organization
The following are the units that are presently placed under operational control of the 105th Technical & Administrative Services Group (Reserve).
### Base Units
- Headquarters & Headquarters Service Support Company
### Line Units
- "A" TAS Company
- "B" TAS Company
- "C" TAS Company
- "D" TAS Company
### Forward Operating Base Units
- 1051st (QUEZON) Technical & Administrative Services Unit (Ready Reserve)
- 1052nd (MARIKINA) Technical & Administrative Services Unit (Ready Reserve)
## Operations
- Disaster SAR, Relief and Rehabilitation Operations (TF Glenda) (16 Jul 14 - 17 Jul 14)
- Tree Planting CMO Operations (GHQ-AFP) (02 Aug 14 - 6 Sep 14)
- Medical and Dental CMO Operations - Bgy Tatalon, Quezon City (13 Sep 14)
- Tree Planting CMO Operations (San Miguel Corporation Compound) (13 Sep 14)
- Disaster SAR, Relief and Rehabilitation Operations (TF Mario) (19 Sep 14 - 21 Sep 14)
- Tree Planting CMO Operations (Bgy UP Village, Quezon City) (21 Sep 14)
- Security Augmentation Operations (Maginhawa Food Festival) (11 Oct 14)
- Security Augmentation Operations (75th QC Anniversary Float Parade) (12 Oct 14)
- Clean-up CMO Operations (Bgy Tumana, Marikina) (18 Oct 14)
- Medical & Dental Civic Action Program (MEDCAP) (Bgy Kamuning, Quezon City) (08 Feb 15)
- AFP JTF-NCR Contingent 2nd Rescue March Challenge (Manila) (26 Apr 15)
- Brigada Eskwela (ENCAP) (Culiat HS, Quezon City) (18 May 15)
- Medical & Dental Civic Action Program (MEDCAP) (Bgy Olandes, Marikina) (25 Jul 15)
- Medical & Dental Civic Action Program (MEDCAP) (Caloocan HS, Caloocan) (2 Aug 15)
- Medical & Dental Civic Action Program (MEDCAP) (Bgy Nagkaisang Nayon, Quezon City) (5 Sep 15)
- Medical & Dental Civic Action Program (MEDCAP) (Bgy Tatalon, Quezon City) (12 Sep 15)
- AFP-JCI Disaster Responders Challenge (GHQ-AFP) (2 - 3 Dec 16)
- Medical & Dental Civic Action Program (MEDCAP) (Bgy San Mateo, Norzagaray, Bulacan) (30 Dec 16)
## Awards and decorations
### Campaign streamers
| Award streamer | Streamer name | Operation | Date awarded | Reference |
| -------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | --------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
| | Presidential Unit Citation Badge | SAR/DRR Ops, TS Ketsana | 4 February 2010 | General Orders No. 112, GHQ-AFP, dtd 4 Feb '10 |
| | Presidential Unit Citation Badge | General Elections, Philippines | 1 July 2010 | General Orders No. 641, GHQ-AFP, dtd 1 July '10 |
| | Presidential Unit Citation Badge | TS Haiyan/Bohol Earthquake/Zamboanga Siege | 13 January 2014 | General Orders No. 51, GHQ-AFP, dtd 13 January '14 |
### Badges
| Military Badge | Badge Name | Operation | Date Awarded | Reference |
| -------------- | ----------------------- | ------------------------------ | ------------ | ----------------------------------------------- |
| | AFP Election Duty Badge | General Elections, Philippines | 21 May 2010 | General Orders No. 513, GHQ-AFP, dtd 21 May '10 |
| | AFP Election Duty Badge | General Elections, Philippines | 16 July 2017 | General Orders No. 828, GHQ-AFP, dtd 16 Jul '17 |
## Gallery
- Miscellaneous Gallery
- AFP Chief of Staff - Gen Gregorio Pio P Catapang AFP enjoys a light moment with the troops of the 105th TASG at the end of their Tree Planting CMO Operations.
- AFP Chief of Staff - Gen Gregorio Pio P Catapang AFP is led by LTC Peter C Suchianco (GSC) JAGS to the designated area for tree planting during the 35th NRW.
- 105th TASG Commander - LTC Peter C Suchianco RES (GSC) JAGS leaves instructions for the troops prior to termination of the activities.
- 105th TASG Commander - LTC Peter C Suchianco RES (GSC) JAGS leaves instructions for the troops prior to termination of the activities.
- BGen Johnny Macanas AFP, AFP Deputy J-9, plants the first saplings together with members of the 105th TASG Command Section and representatives from the San Miguel Corporation.
- GMA 7's Pinay Beauty Queen Academy Candidates pose with Officers of the 105th TASG during the conduct of Tree Planting CMO Operations at GHQ-AFP last Sept 6, 2014.
- BGen Johnny Macanas AFP, AFP Deputy J-9, demonstrates to members of the 105th TASG the proper way of planting and growing trees.
- Officers and Enlisted Personnel of the 105th TASG shares a photo-op with the candidates of the Pinay Beauty Queen Academy during the 35th NRW at Camp Aguinaldo.
|
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|
enwiki
| 42,487,679
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105th Technical & Administrative Services Group (Reserve)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/105th_Technical_%26_Administrative_Services_Group_(Reserve)
|
2024-10-23T17:29:40Z
|
en
|
Q16820269
| 69,926
|
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 105 Technical & Administrative Services Group
| image = 105th Technical & Administrative Services Group (Reserve) Unit Seal.jpg | image_size = 175px
| caption = Unit Seal of the 105th Technical & Administrative Services Group (Reserve)
| dates =
| country = {{flagicon|Philippines}} Philippines
| allegiance = {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Republic of the Philippines]]
| branch = [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]]
| type = [[File:Laang Kawal Seal.jpg|30px]] [[Armed Forces of the Philippines Reserve Command|Technical Services Reserve]]<br /> [[File:AFP Technical and Administrative Service BC.jpg|30px]] Technical Services
| role = [[Combat Service Support]], [[Search and rescue|SAR]], [[Emergency management|Disaster Relief and Rehabilitation Operations]], [[Civil-military operations|Civil-Military Operations]] and [[Civil-military co-operation|Civil-military Co-operations]], [[Special operations|Spec-Ops]]
| size = 2 Technical & Administrative Services (Reserve) Units (FOB), 1 Headquarters & Headquarters Service [[Company (military unit)|Company]], and 4 Technical & Administrative Services (Reserve) Units [[Company (military unit)|Companies]]
| command_structure = Under the [[1st Technical and Administrative Services Brigade (Reserve)|1st Technical & Administrative Services Brigade (Reserve)]]
| current_commander = [[File:AFP Lieutenant Colonel Rank Insignia.jpg|45px]] [[Lieutenant Colonel|LTC]] GERARDO M JABONALLA PA (RES)
| commander2 = [[File:Philippine Army Master Sergeant Rank Insignia (Designated Command Sergeant Major).jpg|20px]] MSg Leonardo C Valiente PA (Res)
| commander2_label = Command Sergeant Major
| garrison = [[Camp Aguinaldo|AFPRESCOM Cpd, CGEA, Quezon City]]
| ceremonial_chief =
| colonel_of_the_regiment =
| nickname = ''"Haribon"''
| patron =
| motto =
| colors =
| march =
| mascot = [[Philippine eagle]]
| battles = None
| notable_commanders =
| anniversaries =
| decorations = [[File:Presidential Unit Citation (Philippines) Streamer.png|250px]] <br /> [[Presidential Unit Citation (Philippines)|Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation Badge]]
| battle_honours =
| identification_symbol_label = CMO Operator Tab
| identification_symbol = [[File:The AFP Civil Military Operations Tab.jpg|150px|center]]
| identification_symbol_2_label = Search and Rescue Tab
| identification_symbol_2 = [[File:The AFP Search and Rescue Tab.jpg|150px|center]]
| identification_symbol_3_label = ''Laang Kawal'' Seal
| identification_symbol_3 = [[File:Laang Kawal Seal.jpg|150px|center]]
| identification_symbol_4_label = Special Forces-Unconventional Warfare Operations (SF-UWOC) TAB
| identification_symbol_4 = [[File:SPECIAL FORCES UWOC.jpg|150px|center]]
}}
The '''105th Technical & Administrative Services Group''',<ref name="RF9X9X">{{cite web|url=http://afprescomhqs.webs.com/techadminservices.htm |title=Tech & Admin Services - |publisher=afprescomhqs.webs.com |accessdate=2014-05-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310143803/http://afprescomhqs.webs.com/techadminservices.htm |archivedate=10 March 2014 }}</ref><ref name="timawa">{{cite web|url=http://www.timawa.net/forum/index.php?PHPSESSID=7snmac6djf9lmhmd0mgs8ih213&topic=15182.msg138789#msg138789|title=WHAT IS TECHNICALS SERVICE?|publisher=timawa.net|accessdate=2014-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624092900/http://www.timawa.net/forum/index.php?PHPSESSID=7snmac6djf9lmhmd0mgs8ih213&topic=15182.msg138789#msg138789#msg138789|archive-date=24 June 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> known officially as '''Haribon Group''', is one of five TAS units of the [[1st Technical and Administrative Services Brigade (Reserve)]] of the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines Reserve Command|AFP Reserve Command]], and is based in [[Quezon City]]. The unit provides combat service support services to the [[1502nd Infantry Brigade (Ready Reserve)]] and [[1503rd Infantry Brigade (Ready Reserve)]] of the [[Philippine Army Reserve Command|Army Reserve Command]].
The AOR of the 105th TAS Group covers the entirety of Quezon City and the City of Marikina. It is primarily tasked to support maneuver units of the AFP Reserve Force operating within these areas.
==The Commissioned Officer Corps==
Officers of the 105TASG, AFPRESCOM are directly commissioned through AFP Circular Nr. 4 and 6 and may come from any of the following professions:<ref name="RF9X9X"/>
* Lawyers and Paralegal Specialists ([[Judge Advocate General Corps|Judge Advocate General Service]])
* Medical Doctors ([[Medical Corps]])
* Nurses ([[Nurse Corps]])
* Dentists ([[Dental Corps|Dental Service]])
* Veterinarians ([[List of Military Veterinary Services|Veterinary Corps]])
* Licensed Teachers (Corps of Professors)
* Allied Medical, Business, and Mass Communication Specialists ([[Army Medical Department (United States)#Medical special branches|Medical Administrative Corps]])
* Licensed Engineers ([[Military engineering|Corps of Engineers]])
* Ordained Chaplains ([[Military chaplain|Chaplain Service]])
==Organization==
The following are the units that are presently placed under operational control of the 105th Technical & Administrative Services Group (Reserve).
===Base Units===
* [[File:AFP Technical and Administrative Service BC.jpg|30px]] Headquarters & Headquarters Service Support Company
===Line Units===
* [[File:AFP Technical and Administrative Service BC.jpg|30px]] "A" TAS Company
* [[File:AFP Technical and Administrative Service BC.jpg|30px]] "B" TAS Company
* [[File:AFP Technical and Administrative Service BC.jpg|30px]] "C" TAS Company
* [[File:AFP Technical and Administrative Service BC.jpg|30px]] "D" TAS Company
===Forward Operating Base Units===
* [[File:AFP Technical and Administrative Service BC.jpg|30px]] [[1051st Technical & Administrative Services Unit (Ready Reserve)|1051st (QUEZON) Technical & Administrative Services Unit (Ready Reserve)]]
* [[File:AFP Technical and Administrative Service BC.jpg|30px]] 1052nd (MARIKINA) Technical & Administrative Services Unit (Ready Reserve)
==Operations==
* Disaster SAR, Relief and Rehabilitation Operations ([[Typhoon Rammasun (2014)|TF Glenda]]) (16 Jul 14 - 17 Jul 14)
* Tree Planting CMO Operations (GHQ-AFP) (02 Aug 14 - 6 Sep 14)
* Medical and Dental CMO Operations - Bgy Tatalon, Quezon City (13 Sep 14)
* Tree Planting CMO Operations (San Miguel Corporation Compound) (13 Sep 14)
* Disaster SAR, Relief and Rehabilitation Operations ([[Tropical Storm Fung-wong (2014)|TF Mario]]) (19 Sep 14 - 21 Sep 14)
* Tree Planting CMO Operations ([[UP Village|Bgy UP Village]], [[Quezon City]]) (21 Sep 14)
* Security Augmentation Operations (Maginhawa Food Festival) (11 Oct 14)
* Security Augmentation Operations (75th QC Anniversary Float Parade) (12 Oct 14)
* Clean-up CMO Operations (Bgy Tumana, [[Marikina]]) (18 Oct 14)
* Medical & Dental Civic Action Program (MEDCAP) (Bgy Kamuning, [[Quezon City]]) (08 Feb 15)
* AFP JTF-NCR Contingent 2nd Rescue March Challenge ([[Manila]]) (26 Apr 15)
* Brigada Eskwela (ENCAP) (Culiat HS, [[Quezon City]]) (18 May 15)
* Medical & Dental Civic Action Program (MEDCAP) (Bgy Olandes, [[Marikina]]) (25 Jul 15)
* Medical & Dental Civic Action Program (MEDCAP) (Caloocan HS, [[Caloocan]]) (2 Aug 15)
* Medical & Dental Civic Action Program (MEDCAP) (Bgy Nagkaisang Nayon, [[Quezon City]]) (5 Sep 15)
* Medical & Dental Civic Action Program (MEDCAP) (Bgy Tatalon, [[Quezon City]]) (12 Sep 15)
* AFP-JCI Disaster Responders Challenge (GHQ-AFP) (2 - 3 Dec 16)
* Medical & Dental Civic Action Program (MEDCAP) (Bgy San Mateo, Norzagaray, Bulacan) (30 Dec 16)
==Awards and decorations==
===Campaign streamers===
{| class="wikitable"
! Award streamer
! Streamer name
! Operation
! Date awarded
! Reference
|-
|[[File:Presidential Unit Citation (Philippines) Streamer.png|200px]]||[[Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation|Presidential Unit Citation Badge]]||SAR/DRR Ops, [[Tropical Storm Ketsana|TS Ketsana]]||4 February 2010 ||General Orders No. 112, GHQ-AFP, dtd 4 Feb '10
|-
|[[File:Presidential Unit Citation (Philippines) Streamer.png|200px]]||[[Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation|Presidential Unit Citation Badge]]||[[2010 Philippine general election|General Elections, Philippines]]||1 July 2010||General Orders No. 641, GHQ-AFP, dtd 1 July '10
|-
|[[File:Presidential Unit Citation (Philippines) Streamer.png|200px]]||[[Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation|Presidential Unit Citation Badge]]||TS Haiyan/Bohol Earthquake/Zamboanga Siege||13 January 2014||General Orders No. 51, GHQ-AFP, dtd 13 January '14
|-
|}
===Badges===
{| class="wikitable"
! Military Badge
! Badge Name
! Operation
! Date Awarded
! Reference
|-
|[[File:AFP HOPE Badge.png|80px|center]]||[[AFP Election Duty Badge]]||[[2010 Philippine general election|General Elections, Philippines]]||21 May 2010 ||General Orders No. 513, GHQ-AFP, dtd 21 May '10
|-
|[[File:AFP HOPE Badge.png|80px|center]]||[[AFP Election Duty Badge]]||[[2013 Philippine general election|General Elections, Philippines]]||16 July 2017 ||General Orders No. 828, GHQ-AFP, dtd 16 Jul '17
|-
|}
==Gallery==
<gallery caption="Miscellaneous Gallery" widths="220px" heights="160px" perrow="4">
File:35th National Reservists Week 02.jpg|AFP Chief of Staff - [[Gregorio Pio Catapang|Gen Gregorio Pio P Catapang AFP]] enjoys a light moment with the troops of the 105th TASG at the end of their Tree Planting CMO Operations.
File:35th National Reservists Week 03.jpg|AFP Chief of Staff - [[Gregorio Pio Catapang|Gen Gregorio Pio P Catapang AFP]] is led by LTC Peter C Suchianco (GSC) JAGS to the designated area for tree planting during the 35th NRW.
File:35th National Reservists Week 25.jpg|105th TASG Commander - LTC Peter C Suchianco RES (GSC) JAGS leaves instructions for the troops prior to termination of the activities.
File:35th National Reservists Week 27.jpg|105th TASG Commander - LTC Peter C Suchianco RES (GSC) JAGS leaves instructions for the troops prior to termination of the activities.
File:AFPRESCOM Tree Planting CMO with AFP Chief of Staff 02.jpg|BGen Johnny Macanas AFP, AFP Deputy J-9, plants the first saplings together with members of the 105th TASG Command Section and representatives from the [[San Miguel Corporation]].
File:AFPRESCOM Tree Planting CMO with AFP Chief of Staff 04.jpg|[[GMA Network|GMA 7's]] Pinay Beauty Queen Academy Candidates pose with Officers of the 105th TASG during the conduct of Tree Planting CMO Operations at GHQ-AFP last Sept 6, 2014.
File:AFPRESCOM Tree Planting CMO with AFP Chief of Staff 08.jpg|BGen Johnny Macanas AFP, AFP Deputy J-9, demonstrates to members of the 105th TASG the proper way of planting and growing trees.
File:35th National Reservists Week 23.jpg|Officers and Enlisted Personnel of the 105th TASG shares a photo-op with the candidates of the Pinay Beauty Queen Academy during the 35th NRW at Camp Aguinaldo.
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Armed Forces of the Philippines Reserve Command|AFP Reserve Command]]
* [[1051st Technical & Administrative Services Unit (Ready Reserve)]]
* [[1502nd Quezon City Ready Reserve Brigade|1502nd Infantry Brigade (Ready Reserve)]]
* [[201st Quezon City Ready Reserve Battalion|201st Infantry Battalion (Ready Reserve)]]
* [[202nd Quezon City Ready Reserve Battalion|202nd Infantry Battalion (Ready Reserve)]]
==References==
;Citations
{{reflist|1}}
;Bibliography
{{Refbegin}}
* General Orders activating 105TASG of the 1TASBDE, AFPRESCOM.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141112113625/http://afprescomhqs.webs.com/ AFPRESCOM Official Site]
* The AFPRESCOM Training Group, ''AFP-MOT Manual'', 2001, AFPRESCOM.
{{Refend}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:105th Technical and Administrative Services Group (Reserve)}}
[[Category:Battalions of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Reserve and Auxiliary Units of the Philippine Military]]
| 1,252,948,838
|
[{"title": "105 Technical & Administrative Services Group", "data": {"Country": "Philippines", "Allegiance": "Republic of the Philippines", "Branch": "Armed Forces of the Philippines", "Type": "Technical Services Reserve \u00b7 Technical Services", "Role": "Combat Service Support, SAR, Disaster Relief and Rehabilitation Operations, Civil-Military Operations and Civil-military Co-operations, Spec-Ops", "Size": "2 Technical & Administrative Services (Reserve) Units (FOB), 1 Headquarters & Headquarters Service Company, and 4 Technical & Administrative Services (Reserve) Units Companies", "Part of": "Under the 1st Technical & Administrative Services Brigade (Reserve)", "Garrison/HQ": "AFPRESCOM Cpd, CGEA, Quezon City", "Nickname(s)": "\"Haribon\"", "Mascot(s)": "Philippine eagle", "Engagements": "None", "Decorations": "\u00b7 Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation Badge"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Current \u00b7 commander": "LTC GERARDO M JABONALLA PA (RES)", "Command Sergeant Major": "MSg Leonardo C Valiente PA (Res)"}}]
| false
|
# 1865 in China
Events from the year 1865 in China.
## Incumbents
- Tongzhi Emperor (5th year)
- Regent: Empress Dowager Cixi
- Regent: Prince Gong
## Events
- Taiping Rebellion
- Battle of Fujian, Qing forces clear remnants of Taiping loyalists
- Nian Rebellion
- Siege of Beijing (1865)
- Miao Rebellion (1854–73)
- Dungan Revolt (1862–77)
- Panthay Rebellion
- Prince Gong steps down from regency but continues being head of the Grand Council
- Tongzhi Restoration
## Births
- Hü King Eng, second ethnic Chinese woman to attend university in the United States, became a famous physician
## Deaths
- Sengge Rinchen Qing commander killed by the forces of a minor rebel leader of the Nian Rebellion
- Li Shixian, Taiping commander, killed by his own troops after they surrender to the Qing[1]
|
enwiki/58032660
|
enwiki
| 58,032,660
|
1865 in China
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1865_in_China
|
2024-09-03T06:14:41Z
|
en
|
Q56292054
| 86,925
|
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{refimprove|date=February 2024}}
{{Year in China|1865}}
Events from the year '''1865 in [[China]]'''.
== Incumbents ==
* [[Tongzhi Emperor]] (5th year)
** Regent: [[Empress Dowager Cixi]]
** Regent: [[Prince Gong]]
== Events ==
* [[Taiping Rebellion]]
** [[Battle of Fujian]], Qing forces clear remnants of Taiping loyalists
* [[Nian Rebellion]]
** [[Siege of Beijing (1865)]]
* [[Miao Rebellion (1854–73)]]
* [[Dungan Revolt (1862–77)]]
* [[Panthay Rebellion]]
* Prince Gong steps down from regency but continues being head of the [[Grand Council (Qing dynasty)|Grand Council]]
* [[Tongzhi Restoration]]
== Births ==
* [[Hü King Eng]], second ethnic Chinese woman to attend university in the United States, became a famous physician
== Deaths ==
* [[Sengge Rinchen]] Qing commander killed by the forces of a minor rebel leader of the [[Nian Rebellion]]
* [[Li Shixian]], Taiping commander, killed by his own troops after they surrender to the Qing<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.sohu.com/a/295461960_100280883|title=悲歌悍将李世贤：扮成乞丐躲避清军追杀，睡梦中被战友杀害|publisher=[[Sohu]]|date=18 February 2019|access-date=28 February 2024|language=zh}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Years in the Qing dynasty}}
{{Year in Asia|1865}}
[[Category:1865 in China| ]]
| 1,243,749,704
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1864 - 1863 - 1862 - 1861 - 1860": "1865 \u00b7 in \u00b7 China \u00b7 \u2192 - 1866 - 1867 - 1868 - 1869 - 1870", "Decades": "1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s", "See also": "Other events of 1865 \u00b7 History of China \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false
|
# 1696 in India
Events in the year 1696 in India.
## Events
- National income - ₹7,877 million
- Building of the fort of Calcutta.[1]
|
enwiki/40363448
|
enwiki
| 40,363,448
|
1696 in India
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1696_in_India
|
2024-09-19T22:57:05Z
|
en
|
Q16056154
| 101,410
|
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Year in India|1696}}
Events in the year '''1696 in India'''.
==Events==
*National income - ₹7,877 million
*Building of the fort of Calcutta.<ref>''Everyman's Dictionary of Dates''; 6th ed. J. M. Dent, 1971; p. 98</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{India year nav}}
{{Year in Asia|1696}}
[[Category:1696 in India| ]]
[[Category:1696 by country|India]]
{{India-year-stub}}
| 1,246,599,731
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1695 - 1694 - 1693": "1696 \u00b7 in \u00b7 India \u00b7 \u2192 - 1697 - 1698 - 1699", "Centuries": "15th 16th 17th 18th 19th", "Decades": "1670s 1680s 1690s 1700s 1710s", "See also": "List of years in India \u00b7 Timeline of Indian history"}}]
| false
|
# 1725 in Russia
Events from the year 1725 in Russia
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Peter I (until February 8), Catherine I (from February 8)
## Births
- Pyotr Rumyantsev (died 1796)
## Deaths
- Peter I, monarch (born 1672)
|
enwiki/51113172
|
enwiki
| 51,113,172
|
1725 in Russia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1725_in_Russia
|
2024-12-30T09:18:17Z
|
en
|
Q25544333
| 72,434
|
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{yearbox|
in?= in Russia|
}}
Events from the year '''1725 in [[Russia]]'''
==Incumbents==
*[[List of Russian monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Peter the Great|Peter I]] (until February 8), [[Catherine I of Russia|Catherine I]] (from February 8)
==Births==
*[[Pyotr Rumyantsev]] (died [[1796 in Russia|1796]])
*
*
*
==Deaths==
{{Expand section|date=July 2016}}
* [[Peter I of Russia|Peter I]], monarch (born [[1672 in Russia|1672]])
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commonscat-inline}}
{{Year in Asia|1725}}
{{Year in Europe|1725}}
{{Years in Russia}}
[[Category:1725 in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:1725 by country]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:1725 in Europe]]
[[Category:1725 in Asia]]
[[Category:1720s in Russia]]
{{Russia-hist-stub}}
| 1,266,153,044
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"Years in Russia": "1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728", "Centuries": "17th century \u00b7 18th century \u00b7 19th century", "Decades": "1690s 1700s 1710s 1720s 1730s 1740s 1750s", "Years": "1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728"}}]
| false
|
# 1925 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
The 1925 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the eighth staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.
Tipperary entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Cork in the Munster semi-final.
The All-Ireland final was played on 4 July 1926 at the Thurles Sportsfield, between Cork and Dublin, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Cork won the match by 5–06 to 1–00 to claim their third championship title overall and a first title since 1916.
## Results
### All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
#### All-Ireland semi-final
| 6 June 1926 Semi-final | Cork | 5-08 - 1-03 | Galway | Croke Park |
#### All-Ireland final
| 4 July 1926 Final | Cork | 5-06 - 1-00 | Dublin | Thurles Sporstfield |
|
enwiki/70532393
|
enwiki
| 70,532,393
|
1925 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_All-Ireland_Junior_Hurling_Championship
|
2023-07-31T17:57:10Z
|
en
|
Q111936307
| 49,614
|
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox All-Ireland Hurling
| type = Junior
| year = 1925
| image =
| dates =
| teams =
| connacht = Galway
| munster = Cork
| leinster = Dublin
| ulster =
| matches =
| team = Cork
| titles = 3rd
| captain = Mick Kenny
| manager =
| team2 = Dublin
| captain2 =
| manager2 =
| totalgoals =
| totalpoints =
| topscorer =
| previous = [[1924 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship|1924]]
| next = [[1926 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship|1926]]
}}
The '''1925 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship''' was the eighth staging of the [[All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship|All-Ireland Junior Championship]] since its establishment by the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] in [[1912 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship|1912]].
[[Tipperary GAA|Tipperary]] entered the championship as the [[1924 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship|defending champions]], however, they were beaten by [[Cork GAA|Cork]] in the [[1925 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship#Munster semi-finals|Munster semi-final]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hoganstand.com/Tipperary/Profile|title=Tipperary profile|date=|publisher=Hogan Stand website|access-date=18 August 2021|first=|last=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://munster.gaa.ie/history/jh_teams/|title=Junior hurling|date=29 May 2009|publisher=Munster GAA website|access-date=18 August 2021|first=|last=}}</ref>
The All-Ireland final was played on 4 July 1926 at the [[Semple Stadium|Thurles Sportsfield]], between Cork and [[Dublin GAA|Dublin]], in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Cork won the match by 5–06 to 1–00 to claim their third championship title overall and a first title since [[1916 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship|1916]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hoganstand.com/Cork/Profile|title=Cork profile|date=|publisher=Hogan Stand website|access-date=18 August 2021|first=|last=}}</ref>
==Results==
===[[All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship]]===
====All-Ireland semi-final====
{{footballbox collapsible
| date = 6 June 1926
| round = Semi-final
| team1 = [[Cork GAA|Cork]]
| score = 5-08 - 1-03
| team2 = [[Galway GAA|Galway]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Croke Park]]
| referee =
}}
====All-Ireland final====
{{footballbox collapsible
| date = 4 July 1926
| round = Final
| team1 = [[Cork GAA|Cork]]
| score = 5-06 - 1-00
| team2 = [[Dublin GAA|Dublin]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Semple Stadium|Thurles Sporstfield]]
| referee =
}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship}}
[[Category:1925 in hurling|Junior]]
[[Category:All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship]]
| 1,168,083,666
|
[{"title": "1925 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship", "data": {"Winners": "Cork (3rd win)", "Captain": "Mick Kenny"}}, {"title": "All Ireland Runners-up", "data": {"Runners-up": "Dublin"}}, {"title": "Provincial Champions", "data": {"Munster": "Cork", "Leinster": "Dublin", "Ulster": "Not Played", "Connacht": "Galway"}}]
| false
|
# 1725 in Japan
Events in the year 1725 in Japan.
## Incumbents
- Monarch: Nakamikado[1]
## Deaths
- January 6 - Chikamatsu Monzaemon, playwright (b. 1653)[2][3]
|
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enwiki
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1725 in Japan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1725_in_Japan
|
2024-08-15T21:57:07Z
|
en
|
Q30637785
| 323,373
|
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year in Japan|1725}}
Events in the year '''1725 in [[Japan]]'''.
<!--
==Incumbents==
==Events==
==Births==
-->
==Incumbents==
*[[Monarchy of Japan|Monarch]]: [[Emperor Nakamikado|Nakamikado]]<ref name="ponsonby-fane 1956"/>
==Deaths==
*January 6 - [[Chikamatsu Monzaemon]], playwright (b. 1653)<ref name="chikamatsu 2003"/><ref name="eb online"/>
<!--
==See also==
-->
==References==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="chikamatsu 2003">{{cite book
|script-title=ja:近松門左衛門―三百五十年
|trans-title=Chikamatsu Monzaemon 350 Years: 350 Years Ago
|publisher=Izumi Shoin
|date=December 2003
|isbn=475760243X
|pages=6, 15
}}</ref>
<ref name="eb online">{{cite web
|url=http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9024045
|title=Chikamatsu Monzaemon
|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online
|access-date=12 November 2006
|url-access=subscription
}}</ref>
<ref name="ponsonby-fane 1956">{{cite book
|last=Ponsonby-Fane
|first=Richard Arthur Brabazon
|author-link=Richard Ponsonby-Fane
|title=The Imperial House of Japan
|page=118
|year=1956
|publisher=Ponsonby Memorial Society
|location=[[Kyoto]]
|oclc=182637732
}}</ref>
}}
{{Japan year nav}}
{{Asia topic|1725 in}}
[[Category:1725 in Japan| ]]
[[Category:1720s in Japan]]
[[Category:1725 by country|Japan]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in Japan]]
| 1,240,532,857
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1724 - 1723 - 1722": "1725 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Japan \u00b7 \u2192 - 1726 - 1727 - 1728", "Decades": "1700s 1710s 1720s 1730s 1740s", "See also": "Other events of 1725 \u00b7 History of Japan \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false
|
# 1159 in Ireland
Events from the year 1159 in Ireland.
## Incumbents
- High King: Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn
## Deaths
- Aed mac Donnchada (Gilla na Findmona), King of Uí Failghe[1]
|
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1159 in Ireland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1159_in_Ireland
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2024-09-26T04:26:37Z
|
en
|
Q27963449
| 134,005
|
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}{{YearInIrelandNav | 1159 }}
Events from the year '''1159 in Ireland'''.
==Incumbents==
* [[High King of Ireland|High King]]: [[Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn]]
==Deaths==
* Aed mac Donnchada (Gilla na Findmona), King of [[Kingdom of Uí Failghe|Uí Failghe]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=The New History of Ireland |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1984 |edition=Volume 9 |location=Oxford |pages=217–218}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Years in Ireland}}
{{Year in Europe|1159}}
[[Category:1150s in Ireland]]
[[Category:1159 by country|Ireland]]
[[Category:Years of the 12th century in Ireland]]
{{Ireland-year-stub}}
| 1,247,814,205
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1158 - 1157 - 1156 - 1155 - 1154": "1159 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Ireland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1160 - 1161 - 1162 - 1163 - 1164", "Centuries": "11th 12th 13th 14th", "Decades": "1130s 1140s 1150s 1160s 1170s", "See also": "Other events of 1159 \u00b7 List of years in Ireland"}}]
| false
|
# 1873 in Scotland
Events from the year 1873 in Scotland.
## Incumbents
### Law officers
- Lord Advocate – George Young
- Solicitor General for Scotland – Andrew Rutherfurd-Clark
### Judiciary
- Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General – Lord Glencorse
- Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Moncreiff
## Events
- March – Robert Fleming & Co. founded by Robert Fleming in Dundee as a series of investment trusts including the Scottish American Investment Company (co-founded with William Menzies)
- 3 March – the Scottish Rugby Union is formed as the Scottish Football Union
- 13 March – the Scottish Football Association is formed, the world's second national football association[1]
- 15 November – statue to Greyfriars Bobby erected in Edinburgh[2]
- Edinburgh Evening News first published
- Lexicographer James Murray publishes Dialect of the Southern Counties of Scotland
- George and James Weir move their new pump manufacturing and general engineering business, predecessor of the Weir Group, to Glasgow[3]
## Births
- 8 April – James Drever, psychologist (died 1950)
- 13 April – James Salmon, architect (died 1924)
- 6 July – George Aitken Clark Hutchison, Scottish Unionist MP for Midlothian and Peebles Northern (1922–23, 1924–28) (died 1928)
## Deaths
- 24 February – Thomas Guthrie, Free Church preacher and philanthropist (born 1803)
- 8 March – Robert William Thomson, engineer, inventor of the bicycle tyre (born 1822)
- 1 May – David Livingstone, pioneer medical missionary (born 1813)
- 2 October – John Cunningham, architect (born 1799)
- 27 October – Janet Hamilton, poet (born 1795)
- Hugh Fraser, retailer (born 1815)
|
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1873 in Scotland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_in_Scotland
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2024-05-30T09:51:43Z
|
en
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Q16147343
| 204,384
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2016}}
{{Year in Scotland| 1873 }}
Events from the year '''1873 in [[Scotland]]'''.
== Incumbents ==
{{further|Politics of Scotland|Order of precedence in Scotland}}
=== Law officers ===
* [[Lord Advocate]] – [[George Young, Lord Young|George Young]]
* [[Solicitor General for Scotland]] – [[Andrew Rutherfurd-Clark, Lord Rutherfurd-Clark|Andrew Rutherfurd-Clark]]
=== Judiciary ===
* [[Lord President of the Court of Session]] and [[Lord Justice General]] – [[John Inglis, Lord Glencorse|Lord Glencorse]]
* [[Lord Justice Clerk]] – [[James Moncreiff, 1st Baron Moncreiff|Lord Moncreiff]]
== Events ==
* March – [[Robert Fleming & Co.]] founded by [[Robert Fleming (financier)|Robert Fleming]] in [[Dundee]] as a series of [[investment trust]]s including the [[Scottish American Investment Company]] (co-founded with William Menzies)
* [[3 March]] – the [[Scottish Rugby Union]] is formed as the Scottish Football Union
* [[13 March]] – the [[Scottish Football Association]] is formed, the world's second national [[Association football|football]] association<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish_football.cfm?page=3132|title=The Cup|publisher=Scottish FA|access-date=2013-06-08}}</ref>
* [[15 November]] – statue to [[Greyfriars Bobby]] erected in [[Edinburgh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edinburghmuseums.org.uk/Venues/Monuments/Greyfriars-Bobby|title=Greyfriars Bobby|publisher=Edinburgh Museums & Galleries|access-date=2014-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107015102/http://www.edinburghmuseums.org.uk/Venues/Monuments/Greyfriars-Bobby|archive-date=7 January 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* ''[[Edinburgh Evening News]]'' first published
* Lexicographer [[James Murray (lexicographer)|James Murray]] publishes ''Dialect of the Southern Counties of Scotland''
* George and James Weir move their new pump manufacturing and general engineering business, predecessor of the [[Weir Group]], to Glasgow<ref>{{cite book|last=Weir|first=William|title=The Weir Group: the history of a Scottish engineering legend, 1872-2008|year=2008|location=London|publisher=Profile Books|isbn=978-1-86197-886-8}}</ref>
== Births ==
* [[8 April]] – [[James Drever (psychologist born 1873)|James Drever]], psychologist (died [[1950 in Scotland|1950]])
* [[13 April]] – [[James Salmon (1873–1924)|James Salmon]], architect (died [[1924 in Scotland|1924]])
* [[6 July]] – [[George Aitken Clark Hutchison]], Scottish [[Unionist Party (Scotland)|Unionist]] [[Member of Parliament|MP]] for [[Midlothian and Peebles Northern (UK Parliament constituency)|Midlothian and Peebles Northern]] (1922–23, 1924–28) (died [[1928 in Scotland|1928]])
== Deaths ==
* [[24 February]] – [[Thomas Guthrie]], Free Church preacher and philanthropist (born [[1803 in Scotland|1803]])
* [[8 March]] – [[Robert William Thomson]], engineer, inventor of the bicycle tyre (born [[1822 in Scotland|1822]])
* [[1 May]] – [[David Livingstone]], pioneer medical missionary (born [[1813 in Scotland|1813]])
* [[2 October]] – [[John Cunningham (architect)|John Cunningham]], architect (born [[1799 in Scotland|1799]])
* [[27 October]] – [[Janet Hamilton]], poet (born [[1795 in Scotland|1795]])
* [[Hugh Fraser (retailer)|Hugh Fraser]], retailer (born [[1815 in Scotland|1815]])
== See also ==
* [[Timeline of Scottish history]]
* [[1873 in Ireland]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Years in Scotland}}
[[Category:1873 in Scotland| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in Scotland]]
[[Category:1873 in the United Kingdom|Scotland]]
[[Category:1870s in Scotland]]
| 1,226,390,382
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1872 - 1871 - 1870 - 1869 - 1868": "1873 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Scotland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1874 - 1875 - 1876 - 1877 - 1878", "Centuries": "17th 18th 19th 20th 21st", "Decades": "1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s", "See also": "List of years in Scotland \u00b7 Timeline of Scottish history \u00b7 1873 in: The UK \u2022 Wales \u2022 Elsewhere \u00b7 Scottish football: 1872\u201373 \u2022 1873\u201374"}}]
| false
|
# 1804 in India
Events in the year 1804 in India.
## Events
- National income - ₹11,422 million
- The Nizam of Hyderabad acquires Berar from the Marathas.[1]
- Delhi becomes a British possession though the King of Delhi remains in the city till 1857.[2]
|
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enwiki
| 40,370,340
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1804 in India
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1804_in_India
|
2024-08-21T10:38:11Z
|
en
|
Q16056184
| 107,495
|
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Year in India|1804}}
Events in the year '''1804 in India'''.
==Events==
* National income - {{INR}}11,422 million
*The Nizam of Hyderabad acquires [[Berar Province|Berar]] from the Marathas.<ref>''Everyman's Dictionary of Dates''; 6th ed. J. M. Dent, 1971; p. 255</ref>
*Delhi becomes a British possession though the King of Delhi remains in the city till [[1857 in India|1857]].<ref>''Everyman's Dictionary of Dates''; 6th ed. J. M. Dent, 1971; p. 147</ref>
==Law==
{{Empty section|date=March 2022}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{India year nav}}
{{Year in Asia|1804}}
[[Category:1804 in India| ]]
[[Category:1804 by country|India]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in India]]
{{India-year-stub}}
| 1,241,472,511
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1803 - 1802 - 1801": "1804 \u00b7 in \u00b7 India \u00b7 \u2192 - 1805 - 1806 - 1807", "Centuries": "17th 18th 19th 20th 21st", "Decades": "1780s 1790s 1800s 1810s 1820s", "See also": "List of years in India \u00b7 Timeline of Indian history"}}]
| false
|
# 166th (South Lancashire) Brigade
The 166th (South Lancashire) Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service in the First World War and remained in the United Kingdom throughout the Second World War.
## Origin
The brigade was first formed in the Volunteer Force in 1902 from elements of the Mersey Brigade and the Cheshire and Lancashire Brigade. Headquartered at Lancaster under the officer commanding 4th Regimental District, it comprised the 1at and 2nd Volunteer Battalions of the South Lancashire Regiment and the 3rd, 6th and 8th (Scottish) Volunteer Battalions of the King's (Liverpool Regiment), together with a transport company of the Army Service Corps and a bearer company of the Medical Staff Corps.
The brigade continued when the Volunteers were subsumed into the Territorial Force in 1908 (when the volunteer battalions were renumbered), with the following composition:
- Brigade HQ at 21 Victoria Street, Liverpool
- 9th Battalion, King's (Liverpool Regiment), at Everton Road drill hall
- 10th (Scottish) Battalion, King's (Liverpool Regiment), at 2 Fraser Street, Liverpool
- 4th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment, at Drill Hall, Warrington
- 5th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment, at Drill Hall, St Helens
The brigade formed part of the TF's West Lancashire Division.
## First World War
These later became 166th (South Lancashire) Brigade and 55th (West Lancashire) Division respectively, in 1915. The brigade served with the division on the Western Front during the Second World War.
### Order of battle
The brigade had the following composition during the war:
- 1/9th Battalion, King's (Liverpool Regiment) (left March 1915)
- 1/10th (Liverpool Scottish) Battalion, King's (Liverpool Regiment) (left November 1914, rejoined January 1916)
- 1/4th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment (left 13 February 1915)
- 1/5th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment (left 13 February 1915, rejoined January 1916)
- 2/5th Battalion, King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment) (joined February 1915, left April 1915)
- 1/5th Battalion, King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment) (joined 7 January 1916)
- 1/5th Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment (joined January 1916)
- 166th Machine Gun Company, Machine Gun Corps (formed 1 March 1916, moved to 55th Battalion, Machine Gun Corps 7 March 1918)
- 166th Trench Mortar Battery (formed March 1916)
- 2/10th (Liverpool Scottish) Battalion, King's (Liverpool Regiment) (from April 1918, absorbed into 1/10th Battalion same month)
### Commanders
The following officers commanded the brigade during the First World War:
| Rank | Name | Date appointed | Notes |
| ------------------ | --------------------- | --------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| Brigadier-General | A. L. MacFie | 3 October 1911 | Promoted brigadier-general 5 August 1914 |
| Brigadier-General | L. F. Green-Wilkinson | 3 January 1916 | |
| Brigadier-General | F. G. Lewis | 25 April 1917 | Wounded 1 December 1917 |
| Lieutenant-Colonel | J. L. A. MacDonald | 1 December 1917 | Acting |
| Brigadier-General | R. J. Kentish | 4 December 1917 | |
## Interwar
The brigade and division were both demobilised after the Armistice with Germany. When TF was reconstituted on 7 February 1920 the brigade was reformed as 166th (South Lancashire and Cheshire) Infantry Brigade, once again in 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division. The TF became the Territorial Army in 1921. During the interwar years the brigade had the following composition:
- 4th/5th (Earl of Chester's) Battalion, Cheshire Regiment
- 7th Battalion, Cheshire Regiment
- 4th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment
- 5th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment
By 1939 war with Nazi Germany was becoming increasingly likely and, as a consequence, the Territorial Army was doubled in size with each formation forming a duplicate. The 55th Division was scheduled to raise the duplicate 59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division with 166th Brigade to be transferred to help form the new division. By May 1939 the brigade had been redesignated 166th (Staffordshire) Infantry Brigade and its headquarters had been moved to Beacon Place, Lichfield, Staffordshire.
## Second World War
The TA was mobilised on 1 September 1939, war was declared on 3 September, and next day the 166th Infantry Brigade was redesignated 176th Infantry Brigade and transferred to 59th (Staffordshire) Division when that formation was activated on 15 September.
A new 166th Infantry Brigade was formed on 15 August 1944 by the redesignation of 199th Infantry Brigade. This brigade had previously served with the 66th Infantry Division until that formation was disbanded in June 1940 and 199th Bde transferred to the 55th Division. It served in Northern Ireland from 24 July 1944 until it returned to the UK and rejoined 55th (West Lancashire) Division in June 1945, after the end of the war in Europe.
### Order of battle
From when it was redesignated on 15 August 1944 166th Brigade had the following composition:
- 2nd Battalion, Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) (left for Italian Front 16 October 1944)[8]
- 1st Battalion, Liverpool Scottish, (Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders)
- 1/4th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment
- 8th Battalion, Manchester Regiment (joined 28 November 1944)
Neither 166th Brigade nor 55th (West Lancashire) Division were reformed in the postwar TA.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/166th_(South_Lancashire)_Brigade
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en
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Q4551707
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{{Use British English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name =South Lancashire Brigade<br>166th (South Lancashire) Brigade<br>166th (South Lancashire & Cheshire) Brigade<br>166th Infantry Brigade
| image =
| caption =
| dates =1902-1919<br>1920-1939<br>1944-1945
| country ={{flag|United Kingdom}}
| allegiance =
| branch =
| type =[[Infantry]]
| role =
| size =[[Brigade]]
| command_structure =[[55th (West Lancashire) Division]]
| garrison =
| nickname =
| patron =
| motto =
| colors =
| march =
| mascot =
| anniversaries =
| equipment =
| battles =[[World War I|First World War]]
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
| notable_commanders =
}}
The '''166th (South Lancashire) Brigade''' was an [[infantry]] [[brigade]] of the [[British Army]] that saw active service in the [[World War I|First World War]] and remained in the United Kingdom throughout the [[World War II|Second World War]].
==Origin==
The brigade was first formed in the [[Volunteer Force]] in 1902 from elements of the [[Mersey Brigade]] and the Cheshire and Lancashire Brigade. Headquartered at [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]] under the officer commanding 4th Regimental District, it comprised the 1at and [[2nd Volunteer Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment|2nd]] Volunteer Battalions of the [[South Lancashire Regiment]] and the 3rd, [[6th Volunteer Battalion, King's (Liverpool Regiment)|6th]] and [[8th (Scottish) Volunteer Battalion, King's (Liverpool Regiment)|8th (Scottish)]] Volunteer Battalions of the [[King's (Liverpool Regiment)]], together with a transport company of the [[Royal Army Service Corps|Army Service Corps]] and a bearer company of the [[Royal Army Medical Corps|Medical Staff Corps]].<ref name = List>''Army List'', various dates.</ref>
The brigade continued when the Volunteers were subsumed into the [[Territorial Force]] in 1908 (when the volunteer battalions were renumbered), with the following composition:<ref name = List/><ref name = Becke55>Becke, Pt 2a, pp. 133–9.</ref><ref name = Trail55>[http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/order-of-battle-of-divisions/55th-west-lancashire-division/ 55th Division at Long, Long Trail.]</ref>
* Brigade HQ at 21 Victoria Street, [[Liverpool]]
* [[9th Battalion, King's (Liverpool Regiment)]], at [[Everton Road drill hall]]
* [[Liverpool Scottish|10th (Scottish) Battalion, King's (Liverpool Regiment)]], at 2 Fraser Street, Liverpool
* 4th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment, at Drill Hall, [[Warrington]]
* [[5th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment]], at Drill Hall, [[St Helens, Merseyside|St Helens]]
The brigade formed part of the TF's [[55th (West Lancashire) Division|West Lancashire Division]].<ref name = List/><ref name = Becke55/><ref name = Trail55/>
==First World War==
These later became '''166th (South Lancashire) Brigade''' and [[55th (West Lancashire) Division]] respectively, in 1915. The brigade served with the division on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] during the [[World War I|Second World War]].
=== Order of battle ===
The brigade had the following composition during the war:<ref name = Becke55/><ref name = Trail55/>
* 1/9th Battalion, [[King's (Liverpool Regiment)]] ''(left March 1915)''
* [[Liverpool Scottish|1/10th (Liverpool Scottish) Battalion]], King's (Liverpool Regiment) ''(left November 1914, rejoined January 1916)''
* 1/4th Battalion, [[South Lancashire Regiment]] ''(left 13 February 1915)''
* [[5th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment|1/5th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment]] ''(left 13 February 1915, rejoined January 1916)''
* 2/5th Battalion, [[King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment)]] ''(joined February 1915, left April 1915)''
* 1/5th Battalion, King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment) ''(joined 7 January 1916)''
* [[Bolton Rifles|1/5th Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment]] ''(joined January 1916)''
* 166th Machine Gun Company, [[Machine Gun Corps]] ''(formed 1 March 1916, moved to 55th Battalion, Machine Gun Corps 7 March 1918)''
* 166th Trench Mortar Battery ''(formed March 1916)''
* 2/10th (Liverpool Scottish) Battalion, King's (Liverpool Regiment) ''(from April 1918, absorbed into 1/10th Battalion same month)''
===Commanders===
The following officers commanded the brigade during the First World War:<ref name = Becke55/>
{| class="wikitable"width=
|+Commanding officers
|-
!style=|Rank
!style=|Name
!style=|Date appointed
!style=|Notes
|-
|[[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brigadier-General]]
|[[Andrew Leslie MacFie|A. L. MacFie]]
|3 October 1911
|Promoted brigadier-general 5 August 1914
|-
|Brigadier-General
|[[Louis Frederick Green-Wilkinson|L. F. Green-Wilkinson]]
|3 January 1916
|
|-
|Brigadier-General
|[[Frederick Gustav Lewis|F. G. Lewis]]
|25 April 1917
|Wounded 1 December 1917
|-
|[[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant-Colonel]]
|[[James Leslie Auld MacDonald|J. L. A. MacDonald]]
|1 December 1917
|Acting
|-
|Brigadier-General
|[[Reginald John Kentish|R. J. Kentish]]
|4 December 1917
|
|}
==Interwar==
The brigade and division were both [[Demobilization|demobilised]] after the [[Armistice with Germany]]. When TF was reconstituted on 7 February 1920 the brigade was reformed as '''166th (South Lancashire and Cheshire) Infantry Brigade''', once again in 55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division. The TF became the [[Territorial Army (United Kingdom)|Territorial Army]] in 1921. During the interwar years the brigade had the following composition:<ref>War Office, ''Titles & Designations'', 1927.</ref>
* 4th/5th (Earl of Chester's) Battalion, [[Cheshire Regiment]]
* 7th Battalion, Cheshire Regiment
* 4th Battalion, [[South Lancashire Regiment]]
* [[5th Battalion, South Lancashire Regiment]]
By 1939 war with [[Nazi Germany]] was becoming increasingly likely and, as a consequence, the Territorial Army was doubled in size with each formation forming a duplicate. The 55th Division was scheduled to raise the duplicate [[59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division]] with 166th Brigade to be transferred to help form the new division. By May 1939 the brigade had been redesignated '''166th (Staffordshire) Infantry Brigade''' and its headquarters had been moved to Beacon Place, [[Lichfield]], [[Staffordshire]].<ref>[https://deriv.nls.uk/dcn23/1066/9772/106697723.23.pdf ''Monthly Army List'', May 1939.]</ref>
==Second World War==
The TA was mobilised on 1 September 1939, war was declared on 3 September, and next day the 166th Infantry Brigade was redesignated '''[[176th (2/1st Staffordshire) Brigade|176th Infantry Brigade]]''' and transferred to 59th (Staffordshire) Division when that formation was activated on 15 September.<ref name = Joslen>Joslen, pp. 90–1, 93–4, 354–5.</ref>
A new 166th Infantry Brigade was formed on 15 August 1944 by the redesignation of [[199th (Manchester) Brigade|199th Infantry Brigade]]. This brigade had previously served with the [[66th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)|66th Infantry Division]] until that formation was disbanded in June 1940 and 199th Bde transferred to the 55th Division. It served in [[Northern Ireland]] from 24 July 1944 until it returned to the UK and rejoined 55th (West Lancashire) Division in June 1945, after the end of the war in Europe.<ref name = Joslen/><ref>Joslen, pp. 97, 363.</ref>
===Order of battle===
From when it was redesignated on 15 August 1944 166th Brigade had the following composition:<ref name = Joslen/>
* 2nd Battalion, [[Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire)]] ''(left for [[Italian campaign (World War II)|Italian Front]] 16 October 1944)''<ref>Joslen, p. 467.</ref>
* 1st Battalion, [[Liverpool Scottish]], ([[Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders]])
* 1/4th Battalion, [[South Lancashire Regiment]]
* 8th Battalion, [[Manchester Regiment]] ''(joined 28 November 1944)''
Neither 166th Brigade nor 55th (West Lancashire) Division were reformed in the postwar TA.<ref>Watson.</ref>
==Notes==
{{reflist|3}}
==References==
* A.F. Becke,''History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2a: The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56)'', London: HM Stationery Office, 1935/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-39-8.
* H.F. Joslen, ''Orders of Battle, United Kingdom and Colonial Formations and Units in the Second World War, 1939–1945'', London: HM Stationery Office, 1960/London: London Stamp Exchange, 1990, ISBN 0-948130-03-2/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2003, ISBN 1-843424-74-6.
* War Office, ''Titles and Designations of Formations and Units of the Territorial Army'', London: War Office, 7 November 1927.
===External sources===
* [http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk Chris Baker, ''The Long, Long Trail'']
* [http://www.orbat.info/history/historical/uk/ta47.html Graham Watson, ''The Territorial Army 1947'']
{{British infantry brigades of the Second World War}}
[[Category:Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War I]]
[[Category:Infantry brigades of the British Army in World War II]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1908]]
[[Category:Military units and formations in Lancashire|B166]]
| 1,223,777,902
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[{"title": "South Lancashire Brigade \u00b7 166th (South Lancashire) Brigade \u00b7 166th (South Lancashire & Cheshire) Brigade \u00b7 166th Infantry Brigade", "data": {"Active": "1902-1919 \u00b7 1920-1939 \u00b7 1944-1945", "Country": "United Kingdom", "Type": "Infantry", "Size": "Brigade", "Part of": "55th (West Lancashire) Division", "Engagements": "First World War"}}]
| false
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# 1725 in Canada
Events from the year 1725 in Canada.
## Incumbents
- French Monarch: Louis XV[1]
- British and Irish Monarch: George I[2]
### Governors
- Governor General of New France: Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil then Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois
- Colonial Governor of Louisiana: Pierre Dugué de Boisbriand
- Governor of Nova Scotia: John Doucett
- Governor of Placentia: Samuel Gledhill
## Events
- August 27 - French ship Chameau sank near Louisbourg.[3]
- Claude-Thomas Dupuy was appointed intendant of New France.
- Peter the Great sends Vitus Bering to explore the North Pacific.
- 1725-1729 - First Arctic expedition of Vitas Bering.
## Births
- Juan José Pérez Hernández, naval officer and explorer (died 1775)
## Historical documents
"No method can be so effectual" - Another call for Six Nations to come into war on side of Massachusetts against Indigenous people
Massachusetts leader's update on war alleges Father Rasles refused "to give or take quarter" before his death
Long letter of Fr. Rasles mentions champions, fires, scalps, wounded, plunder, ransom, and "a very great inclination for peace at Boston"
Long letter of Gov. Vaudreuil mentions injustice, unreasonableness, pretension, confusion and trouble, sacrifice, threatenings, and cruelty
Murderous kidnappers take New England women and children to Canada
Île-Royale governor tells Nova Scotia councillors that Penobscot and Saint John River Indigenous people are "inured to war"
Indigenous people in Nova Scotia "have shewed some inclinations of peace," but lieutenant governor wants to avoid separate peace
Nova Scotia commissioner to Boston peace talks with Indigenous people is directed to encourage their intermarriage with British
Promising peace, four Indigenous delegates sign treaty stating British "jurisdiction and dominion" over Nova Scotia
New France laments loss of naval ship with all hands, death of Gov. Vaudreuil, and "much regretted" departure of Intendant Bégon
Nova Scotia is "most commodious Colony for the fishing trade," with "greatest salmon fishery in the world"
Summary of Nova Scotia events includes inhabitants in 1725 taking oath "to the Government" (by extortion, they say later)
Île-Royale governor assures Nova Scotia lieutenant governor that no one supplies arms to Indigenous people (Note: "savage" used)
Lt. Gov. Armstrong reports evidence of clandestine trade and secret introduction of "Missionary Priest" from Île-Royale
Armstrong to assemble force (including Indigenous from New England) "to humble the vilanous french inhabitants as well as Indians"
Book on war with "Eastern Indians" offers "a Narrative of Tragical Incursions perpetrated by Bloody Pagans[...]" (Note: racial stereotypes)
Scores of Newfoundland taverns serve fishers on credit to point latter "have nothing left to carry them home" at season's end
Newfoundlander's complaint of Placentia commander's assault on himself, wife and daughter, plus extortion (with supporting depositions)
Scheme to put 100 blockhouses at back of colonies from Nova Scotia to South Carolina to prevent Indigenous attack
Photograph: 1725 Kahnawake fortification wall
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{{Short description|none}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2015}}
{{Year in Canada|1725}}
{{History of Canada}}
Events from the year '''1725 in Canada'''.
==Incumbents==
*[[List of Canadian monarchs|French Monarch]]: [[Louis XV]]<ref>Guéganic (2008), p. 13.</ref>
*[[List of Canadian monarchs|British and Irish Monarch]]: [[George I of Great Britain|George I]]<ref name="dnb">Gibbs, G. C. (September 2004; online edn, January 2006) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/10538 "George I (1660–1727)"], ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', [[Oxford University Press]], {{doi|10.1093/ref:odnb/10538}}. Retrieved 30 July 2007 (subscription required).</ref>
===Governors===
*[[Governor General of the Province of Canada|Governor General of New France]]: [[Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil]] then [[Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois]]
*[[List of colonial governors of Louisiana|Colonial Governor of Louisiana]]: [[Pierre Dugué de Boisbriand]]
*[[Governor of Nova Scotia]]: [[John Doucett]]
*[[Colonial Governor of Newfoundland|Governor of Placentia]]: [[Samuel Gledhill]]
==Events==
* August 27 - [[French ship Chameau]] sank near Louisbourg.<ref>{{Citation|url =http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?32568|title=Chameau information|publisher=www.wrecksite.eu|access-date=25 April 2015|ref=none}}</ref>
* [[Claude-Thomas Dupuy]] was appointed [[intendant of New France]].
* [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]] sends [[Vitus Bering]] to explore the North [[Pacific]].
* 1725-1729 - First Arctic expedition of Vitas Bering.
==Births==
*[[Juan José Pérez Hernández]], naval officer and explorer (died [[1775 in Canada|1775]])
==Deaths==
{{Empty section|date=December 2010}}
==Historical documents==
"No method can be so effectual" - Another call for [[Iroquois#Iroquois Confederacy|Six Nations]] to come into [[Dummer's War|war]] on side of Massachusetts against Indigenous people<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp447-462 755 Letter of Council of Trade and Plantations] (October 8, 1725), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725. Accessed 23 March 2021</ref>
[[William Dummer#Western frontier war|Massachusetts leader]]'s update on war alleges Father Rasles refused "to give or take quarter" before [[Sébastien Rale#Battle of Norridgewock|his death]]<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp335-352 "558 Lt. Governor Dummer to the Council of Trade and Plantations"] (March 31, 1725), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725. Accessed 22 March 2021</ref>
Long letter of [[Sébastien Rale|Fr. Rasles]] mentions champions, fires, scalps, wounded, plunder, ransom, and "a very great inclination for peace at Boston"<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp425-447 "740 xii Father Rallé to another Priest, Narridgwalk 1/2 2/3rd Aug., 1724"] (translation; "produced by Mr. Dummer," September 30, 1725), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725. Accessed 22 March 2021</ref>
Long letter of [[Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil|Gov. Vaudreuil]] mentions injustice, unreasonableness, pretension, confusion and trouble, sacrifice, threatenings, and cruelty<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp425-447 "740 xiv M. de Vaudreuil to Lt. Governor Dummer, Quebec, Oct. 29, 1724"] (translation; "produced by Mr. Dummer," September 30, 1725), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725. Dummer's reply: [https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp425-447 "740 xxv Lt. Governor Dummer to M. de Vaudreuil, Boston, Jan. 19, 1724(5)"] ("produced by Mr. Dummer," September 30, 1725), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725. Accessed 22 March 2021</ref>
[[Elizabeth Hanson (captive of Native Americans)|Murderous kidnappers take New England women and children to Canada]]<ref>[https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDMDC-37131055376685D&R=DC-37131055376685D An Account of the Captivity of Elizabeth Hanson, Late of Kachecky in New-England(...)] (1787). Accessed 24 March 2021</ref>
[[Île-Royale (New France)|Île-Royale]] governor tells [[Nova Scotia Council#Annapolis Council|Nova Scotia councillors]] that [[Penobscot]] and [[Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)#Human history|Saint John River]] Indigenous people are "inured to war"<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp413-425 "718 viii Proceedings of Hibbert Newton and Capt. Bradstreet with the Governor of Cape Breton, on Aug. 19th, 1725"] Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725. Accessed 22 March 2021</ref>
Indigenous people in Nova Scotia "have shewed some inclinations of peace," but [[Lawrence Armstrong|lieutenant governor]] wants to avoid [[separate peace]]<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp413-425 "718 x Lt. Governor Armstrong to Lt. Govr. Dummer"] Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725. Accessed 22 March 2021</ref>
[[Paul Mascarene|Nova Scotia commissioner]] to Boston peace talks with Indigenous people is directed to encourage their intermarriage with British<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp413-425 "718 vi Instructions of Major Paul Mascarene, 31st Aug., 1725(....)"] Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725. Accessed 22 March 2021</ref>
Promising peace, four Indigenous delegates sign [[Military history of Nova Scotia#Father Rale's War|treaty]] stating British "jurisdiction and dominion" over Nova Scotia<ref>[https://archives.novascotia.ca/mikmaq/archives/?ID=615&Page=201605000&Transcript=1 "Articles of Submission & Agreements made at Boston(...)"] (December 15, 1725). Accessed 22 March 2021</ref>
New France laments loss of [[French ship Chameau|naval ship]] with all hands, death of [[Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil|Gov. Vaudreuil]], and "much regretted" departure of [[Michel Bégon de la Picardière|Intendant Bégon]]<ref>"Extracts from the Journal of the Jesuits from the year 1710 to 1755," The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents[...]; Vol. LIX.; Lower Canada, Illinois, Ottawas; 1667-1669 [sic], pgs. 234-5. Accessed 22 March 2021 http://moses.creighton.edu/kripke/jesuitrelations/relations_69.html (scroll down to September, 1725)</ref>
Nova Scotia is "most commodious Colony for the [[Nova Scotia#Economy|fishing trade]]," with "greatest salmon fishery in the world"<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp413-425 "718 xii Observations made by Lt. Governor Armstrong(....)"] Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725. Accessed 22 March 2021</ref>
Summary of Nova Scotia events includes [[Acadians#Pre-deportation history|inhabitants]] in 1725 taking oath "to the Government" (by extortion, they say later)<ref>[https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=159 "Extract from a Letter of Governor Mascarene(...)"] (April 1748), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pg. 159. Accessed 19 February 2021</ref>
[[Île-Royale (New France)|Île-Royale]] governor assures [[Lawrence Armstrong|Nova Scotia lieutenant governor]] that no one supplies arms to Indigenous people (Note: "savage" used)<ref>[https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=63 Letter of St. Ovide de Brouillan] (translation; Louisbourg, 1725), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pg. 63. Accessed 19 February 2021</ref>
Lt. Gov. Armstrong reports evidence of clandestine trade and secret introduction of "[[Catholic missions#Age of Discovery|Missionary Priest]]" from Île-Royale<ref>[https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=64 Letter of Lawrence Armstrong] (Canso, December 2, 1725), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pg. 64. Accessed 19 February 2021</ref>
Armstrong to assemble force (including Indigenous from New England) "to humble the vilanous french inhabitants as well as Indians"<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp447-462 759 Letter of Lt. Gov. Armstrong] (Canso, October 24, 1725), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725. Accessed 23 March 2021</ref>
[[Samuel Penhallow|Book]] on war with "Eastern Indians" offers "a Narrative of Tragical Incursions perpetrated by Bloody Pagans[...]" (Note: [[Stereotypes of indigenous peoples of Canada and the United States|racial stereotypes]])<ref>Samuel Penhallow, [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.41462/8?r=0&s=2 The History of the Wars of New-England, With the Eastern Indians] (1726) Accessed 18 March 2021</ref>
Scores of Newfoundland taverns serve [[History of Newfoundland and Labrador#Fishing|fishers]] on credit to point latter "have nothing left to carry them home" at season's end<ref>"757 (a) Commodore Bouler's Answers to Heads of Enquiry relating to Trade and Fishery of Newfoundland (October 10, 1725), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725. Accessed 23 March 2021 https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp447-462 (scroll down to "(xxxix)")</ref>
Newfoundlander's complaint of [[Samuel Gledhill|Placentia commander]]'s assault on himself, wife and daughter, plus extortion (with supporting depositions)<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp352-367 "562 Petition of Thomas Salmon to the Council of Trade and Plantations"] (April 6, 1725), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725.
Warning to Gledhill to desist:
[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp381-401 "669 Mr. Popple to Lt. Govr. Gledhill"] (June 24, 1725), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725.
Gledhill's reply to warning:
[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp447-462 "753 Lt. Governor Gledhill to the Council of Trade and Plantations"] (October 3, 1725), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725. Accessed 23 March 2021</ref>
Scheme to put 100 [[Blockhouse#Age of exploration|blockhouses]] at back of colonies from Nova Scotia to South Carolina to prevent Indigenous attack<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol34/pp381-401 "663 Galfridus Gray to the Council of Trade and Plantations"] (June 20, 1725), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 34, 1724-1725. Accessed 22 March 2021</ref>
Photograph: 1725 [[Kahnawake#Location|Kahnawake]] fortification wall<ref>[http://collections.musee-mccord.qc.ca/scripts/large.php?Lang=1&accessnumber=MP-0000.115.7&idImage=149817 "Children at remains of fortification wall of 1725, Kahnawake, QC, about 1910"] McCord Museum. Accessed 19 March 2021</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Canadian history}}
{{Canada early year nav}}
{{North America topic|1725 in}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1725 In Canada}}
[[Category:1720s in Canada]]
[[Category:1725 in New France]]
[[Category:1725 by country|Canada]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in Canada|25]]
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1724 - 1723 - 1722": "\u00b7 \u00b7 1725 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Canada \u00b7 \u2192 - 1726 - 1727 - 1728", "Decades": "1700s 1710s 1720s 1730s 1740s", "See also": "History of Canada Timeline of Canadian history List of years in Canada"}}]
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# 1926 Santos FC season
The 1926 season was the fifteenth season for Santos FC.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926_Santos_FC_season
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2020-01-05T11:04:33Z
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en
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Q4561928
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{{no footnotes|date=May 2018}}
{{Brazil football club season
| season_name = Santos FC season
| year = 1926
| other_titles = Temporada do Santos FC en 1926
| chairman = {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Antônio Guilherme Gonçalves]]
| chrtitle = President
| manager = {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Urbano Caldeira]]
| stadium = [[Estadio Urbano Caldeira|Vila Belmiro]]
| state_league = [[Campeonato Paulista]]
| state_league_result = [[1926 Campeonato Paulista|4th]]
| other_competition1 =
| other_competition_result1 =
| state_league_top_scorer =
| season_top_scorer = {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Abraham Patusca da Silveira|Araken Patusca]] (25 goals)
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[1925 Santos FC season|1925]]
| nextseason = [[1927 Santos FC season|1927]]
}}
The '''1926 season''' was the fifteenth season for '''[[Santos FC]]'''.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.santosfc.com.br/ Official Site] {{in lang|pt}}
{{Santos FC seasons}}
{{Santos FC}}
[[Category:Association football clubs 1926 season|Santos]]
[[Category:Santos FC seasons|1926]]
[[Category:1926 in Brazilian football]]
{{Brazil-season-footyclub-stub}}
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[{"title": "1926 Santos FC season", "data": {"President": "Ant\u00f4nio Guilherme Gon\u00e7alves", "Manager": "Urbano Caldeira", "Stadium": "Vila Belmiro"}}]
| false
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# 1781 English cricket season
The 1781 English cricket season was the 10th in which matches have been awarded retrospective first-class cricket status. The scorecards of six first-class matches have survived. Broadhalfpenny Down in Hampshire was abandoned in favour of Windmill Down and the earliest known mention of cricket in Lancashire has been found during the season.
## Matches
Six first-class match scorecards survive from 1781, all of them featuring sides from Kent.
## Other events
Broadhalfpenny Down, which had been used by the Hambledon Club as their home venue, was used for the last time by the club as a home venue in first-class cricket.
A match on Brinnington Moor in August is the earliest known reference about cricket being played in Lancashire. It was reported in the Manchester Journal on 1 September.
## First mentions
### Players
- Hogben (Kent)
- J. Martin (Essex)
- Webb (Kent)
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en
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{{short description|none}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| previous_year = 1780
| previous_tournament = 1780 English cricket season
| next_year = 1782
| next_tournament = 1782 English cricket season
}}
The '''1781 English cricket season''' was the 10th in which matches have been awarded retrospective [[first-class cricket]] status. The scorecards of six first-class matches have survived. [[Broadhalfpenny Down]] in Hampshire was abandoned in favour of [[Windmill Down]] and the earliest known mention of cricket in [[Lancashire]] has been found during the season.
== Matches ==
Six first-class match scorecards survive from 1781, all of them featuring sides from Kent.<ref name=ACS>[[Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians]] (ACS) (1981) ''A Guide to Important Cricket Matches Played in the British Isles 1709 – 1863''. Nottingham: ACS.</ref><ref name=ci>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/535274.html Results], English Domestic Season 1781, CricInfo. Retrieved 2019-03-11.</ref>
==Other events==
[[Broadhalfpenny Down]], which had been used by the [[Hambledon Club]] as their home venue, was used for the last time by the club as a home venue in first-class cricket.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}
A match on Brinnington Moor in August is the earliest known reference about cricket being played in [[Lancashire]]. It was reported in the ''Manchester Journal'' on 1 September.<ref>Buckley GB (1937) ''Fresh Light on pre-Victorian Cricket ''. Cotterell.</ref>
==First mentions==
===Players===
* [[Hogben (Kent cricketer)|Hogben]] (Kent)
* [[J. Martin (Essex cricketer)|J. Martin]] (Essex)
* [[Webb (Kent cricketer)|Webb]] (Kent)
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Altham |first=H. S. |author-link=Harry Altham |title=A History of Cricket, Volume 1 (to 1914) |year=1962 |publisher=George Allen & Unwin }}
* {{cite book |last=Birley |first=Derek |author-link=Derek Birley |title=A Social History of English Cricket |year=1999 |publisher=Aurum }}
* {{cite book |last=Bowen |first=Rowland |author-link=Rowland Bowen |title=Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development |year=1970 |publisher=Eyre & Spottiswoode }}
* {{cite book |last=Major |first=John |author-link=John Major |title=More Than A Game |year=2007 |publisher=HarperCollins }}
* {{cite book |last=Underdown |first=David |author-link=David Underdown |title=Start of Play |year=2000 |publisher=Allen Lane }}
{{English cricket seasons}}
[[Category:1781 in English cricket]]
[[Category:English cricket seasons in the 18th century]]
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[]
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# 120 mm M984 extended-range DPICM mortar round
The 120 mm M984 extended-range DPICM mortar round was developed by the US Army Ordnance. It is a 120mm caliber mortar cluster munition that can carry a variety of payloads including either 54 M80 dual-purpose submunitions or six mines. It can be optionally used with a range extending rocket in a tractor configuration which increases its range from 7.2 to around 12 kilometers.
As the United States has not ratified the Convention on Cluster Munitions, it is still in production.
## Specifications
- Length: 940mm
- Weight: 14.9 kg
|
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120 mm M984 extended-range DPICM mortar round
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/120_mm_M984_extended-range_DPICM_mortar_round
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2024-08-02T04:29:48Z
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en
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Q4548122
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The 120 mm M984 extended-range [[Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munition|DPICM]] mortar round was developed by the [[US Army]] Ordnance. It is a 120mm caliber mortar [[cluster munition]] that can carry a variety of payloads including either 54 M80 dual-purpose submunitions or six mines.<ref name="Janes">Jane's Ammunition Handbook, 2003-2004</ref> It can be optionally used with a range extending rocket in a tractor configuration which increases its range from 7.2 to around 12 kilometers.<ref name="Janes"/>
As the United States has not ratified the [[Convention on Cluster Munitions]], it is still in production.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}
==Specifications==
* Length: 940mm
* Weight: 14.9 kg
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:120 mm mortars]]
[[Category:Mortar munitions]]
[[Category:Mortars of the United States]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2000s]]
{{Artillery-stub}}
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[]
| false
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# 1875 in Ireland
Events from the year 1875 in Ireland.
## Events
- May – Ballymena, Cushendall and Red Bay Railway (3 ft gauge) opens with services between Ballymena and Retreat, County Antrim.[1]
- 22 June – Thomas Croke is appointed Archbishop of Cashel in succession to Patrick Leahy. Previously Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Auckland in New Zealand, he will hold the office until his death in 1902.
## Arts and literature
- 13 April – The Theatre Royal, Cork closes down for good.
## Sport
- 15 February – The Ireland national rugby union team plays its first international match, a 7-0 defeat by England.[2]
- 6 August – Scottish football team Hibernian F.C. is founded by Irishmen in Edinburgh.[3]
## Births
- 8 February – Valentine O'Hara, author and authority on Russia and the Baltic States (died 1945).
- 14 March – Patrick McLane, Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania (died 1946).
- 10 April – Joseph McGuinness, Sinn Féin MP and TD, member of the 1st Dáil (died 1922).
- 17 April – John Brunskill, cricketer (died 1940).
- 18 April – Katherine Thurston, née Katherine Cecil Madden, novelist (died 1911).
- 22 April – Michael Joseph O'Rahilly, The O'Rahilly, republican (killed during Easter Rising 1916).
- 28 May – Denis O'Donnell, entrepreneur (died 1933)
- 24 June – Forrest Reid, novelist and literary critic (died 1947)
- 5 July – Lawrence Bulger, international rugby union player (died 1928).
- 7 August – Kate Meyrick, née Nason, nightclub owner in London (died 1933 in England).
- 29 August – Robert Forde, Antarctic explorer (died 1959).
- 12 September – George Edward Pugin Meldon, cricketer (died 1950).
- 9 November – Hugh Lane, founder of Dublin's Municipal Gallery of Modern Art (died on RMS Lusitania 1915).
## Deaths
- 21 January – Sir Alexander McDonnell, 1st Baronet, lawyer, civil servant and commissioner of national education in Ireland (born 1794).
- 26 January – Patrick Leahy, Archbishop of Cashel (born 1806).
- 20 March – John Mitchel, nationalist activist, solicitor and journalist (born 1815).
- 29 April – William Nash, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1858 at Lucknow, India (born 1824).
- 13 May – John Willoughby Crawford, politician and third Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (born 1817).
- 15 May – James O'Reilly, lawyer and politician in Canada (born 1823).
- 25 May – Rose La Touche, muse of John Ruskin (born 1848).
- 3 June – Patrick Graham, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1857 at Lucknow, India (born 1837).
- 3 June – Miles Gerard Keon, journalist, novelist, colonial secretary and lecturer (born 1821).
- 13 July – William Coffey, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1855 at Sebastopol, the Crimea (born 1829).
- 22 September – Charles Bianconi, Italian-born carriage proprietor (born 1786).
- 24 October – Reverend William Hickey, writer and philanthropist (born 1787).
- 9 December – Sir Thomas Burke, 3rd Baronet, landowner and politician (born 1813).
- 27 December – Henry Hamilton O'Hara "Mad O'hara", "The Mad Squire of Craigbilly" (born 1820).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1875_in_Ireland
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2024-09-24T02:03:05Z
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en
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Q4555517
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{YearInIrelandNav | 1875 }}
Events from the year '''1875 in Ireland'''.
==Events==
*May – [[Ballymena, Cushendall and Red Bay Railway]] ([[3 ft gauge railways|3 ft gauge]]) opens with services between [[Ballymena]] and Retreat, [[County Antrim]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Baker|first=Michael H. C.|title=Irish Narrow Gauge Railways. A View from the Past|publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing]]|year=1999|isbn=0-7110-2680-7}}</ref>
*22 June – [[Thomas Croke]] is appointed [[Archbishop of Cashel]] in succession to [[Patrick Leahy (bishop)|Patrick Leahy]]. Previously Bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Auckland]] in [[New Zealand]], he will hold the office until his death in [[1902 in Ireland|1902]].
==Arts and literature==
*13 April – The [[Theatre Royal, Cork]] closes down for good.
==Sport==
*15 February – The [[Ireland national rugby union team]] plays its first international match, a 7-0 defeat by [[England national rugby union team|England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishrugby.ie/history/css/arch_history_1.htm|title=Irish International Teams: Results, Scorers, Dates and Venues – 1874 to June 1999|publisher=Irishrugby.ie|access-date=2008-10-31|archive-date=2007-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118215707/http://www.irishrugby.ie/history/css/arch_history_1.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*6 August – Scottish football team [[Hibernian F.C.]] is founded by Irishmen in [[Edinburgh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hibernianfc.co.uk/page/TimelineDetail/0,,10290~1750510,00.html|title=Ireland comes to Edinburgh|work=Hibernian FC: the official website|date=2009-08-11|access-date=2014-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304140749/http://www.hibernianfc.co.uk/page/TimelineDetail/0,,10290~1750510,00.html|archive-date=2014-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Births==
*8 February – [[Valentine O'Hara]], author and authority on Russia and the [[Baltic States]] (died [[1945 in Ireland|1945]]).
*14 March – [[Patrick McLane]], [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] member of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] from [[Pennsylvania]] (died [[1946 in Ireland|1946]]).
*10 April – [[Joseph McGuinness]], [[Sinn Féin]] [[Member of Parliament|MP]] and [[Teachta Dála|TD]], member of the [[1st Dáil]] (died [[1922 in Ireland|1922]]).
*17 April – [[John Brunskill]], cricketer (died [[1940 in Ireland|1940]]).
*18 April – [[Katherine Thurston]], née Katherine Cecil Madden, novelist (died [[1911 in Ireland|1911]]).
*22 April – Michael Joseph O'Rahilly, [[The O'Rahilly]], [[Irish republicanism|republican]] (killed during [[Easter Rising]] [[1916 in Ireland|1916]]).
*28 May – [[Denis O'Donnell]], entrepreneur (died [[1933 in Ireland|1933]])
*24 June – [[Forrest Reid]], novelist and literary critic (died [[1947 in Northern Ireland|1947]])
*5 July – [[Lawrence Bulger]], international rugby union player (died [[1928 in Ireland|1928]]).
*7 August – [[Kate Meyrick]], née Nason, nightclub owner in London (died 1933 in England).
*29 August – [[Robert Forde]], Antarctic explorer (died [[1959 in Ireland|1959]]).
*12 September – [[George Edward Pugin Meldon]], cricketer (died [[1950 in Ireland|1950]]).
*9 November – [[Hugh Lane]], founder of [[Dublin]]'s [[Hugh Lane Gallery|Municipal Gallery of Modern Art]] (died on {{RMS|Lusitania}} [[1915 in Ireland|1915]]).
==Deaths==
*21 January – [[Sir Alexander McDonnell, 1st Baronet]], lawyer, civil servant and commissioner of national education in Ireland (born [[1794 in Ireland|1794]]).
*26 January – [[Patrick Leahy (bishop)|Patrick Leahy]], [[Archbishop of Cashel]] (born [[1806 in Ireland|1806]]).
*20 March – [[John Mitchel]], nationalist activist, solicitor and journalist (born [[1815 in Ireland|1815]]).
*29 April – [[William Nash (VC)|William Nash]], soldier, recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]] for gallantry in 1858 at [[Lucknow]], India (born [[1824 in Ireland|1824]]).
*13 May – [[John Willoughby Crawford]], politician and third [[Lieutenant Governor of Ontario|Lieutenant Governor]] of [[Ontario]] (born [[1817 in Ireland|1817]]).
*15 May – [[James O'Reilly (Canadian politician)|James O'Reilly]], lawyer and politician in Canada (born [[1823 in Ireland|1823]]).
*25 May – [[Rose La Touche]], muse of [[John Ruskin]] (born [[1848 in Ireland|1848]]).
*3 June – [[Patrick Graham (soldier)|Patrick Graham]], recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]] for gallantry in 1857 at [[Lucknow]], India (born [[1837 in Ireland|1837]]).
*3 June – [[Miles Gerard Keon]], journalist, novelist, colonial secretary and lecturer (born [[1821 in Ireland|1821]]).
*13 July – [[William Coffey (VC)|William Coffey]], soldier, recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]] for gallantry in 1855 at [[Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)|Sebastopol]], the [[Crimean Peninsula|Crimea]] (born [[1829 in Ireland|1829]]).
*22 September – [[Charles Bianconi]], Italian-born carriage proprietor (born 1786).
*24 October – [[Reverend William Hickey]], writer and philanthropist (born [[1787 in Ireland|1787]]).
*9 December – [[Sir Thomas Burke, 3rd Baronet]], landowner and politician (born [[1813 in Ireland|1813]]).
*27 December – [[Henry Hamilton O'Hara "Mad O'hara"]], "The Mad Squire of Craigbilly" (born [[1820 in Ireland|1820]]).
==See also==
*[[1875 in Scotland]]
*[[1875 in Wales]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Years in Ireland}}
[[Category:1875 in Ireland| ]]
[[Category:1870s in Ireland]]
[[Category:1875 by country|Ireland]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in Ireland]]
[[Category:1875 in the United Kingdom| Ireland]]
| 1,247,384,122
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1874 - 1873 - 1872 - 1871 - 1870": "1875 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Ireland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1876 - 1877 - 1878 - 1879 - 1880", "Centuries": "17th 18th 19th 20th 21st", "Decades": "1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s", "See also": "1875 in the United Kingdom \u00b7 Other events of 1875 \u00b7 List of years in Ireland"}}]
| false
|
# 16th Massachusetts Battery
The 16th Massachusetts Battery (or 16th Battery Massachusetts Light Artillery) was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The last battery of light artillery sent by Massachusetts, it was organized during the late winter of 1864 at Camp Meigs just outside of Boston. The battery was commanded by Captain Henry D. Scott of New Bedford, Massachusetts. The majority of enlisted men and officers were mustered into federal service on March 11, 1864. They departed Massachusetts on April 19, 1864, arriving at Washington of April 21. The unit was directed to Camp Barry just outside Washington and was there outfitted with 3-inch field guns and horses. It was assigned to the XXII Corps in the defenses of Washington. Serving primarily in the fortifications around Washington, the battery never saw active combat.
On June 1, 1864, the battery turned in their guns and horses being assigned to heavy artillery duty on the south of Alexandria, Virginia. The unit was divided into two sections, one serving at Fort Lyon and the other at Fort Weed. On July 10, as Confederate General Jubal Early's forces threatened Washington, the men of the 16th Massachusetts Battery were briefly moved to reinforce Fort Kearny on the northwest side of Washington. After this threat diminished, the unit returned to Camp Barry. There they were re-supplied with field artillery equipment, including four 12-pounder guns and horses.
The battery was transferred to Albany, New York on September 5 and was stationed at the Troy Road Barracks. It remained there until November 16 when it returned by train to Camp Barry. There it received an additional two 12-pounder guns, bringing the unit up to full armament as a battery of light artillery. On December 16, the battery moved to Fairfax County, Virginia, one section was stationed at Vienna, Virginia and the other at Fairfax Station. The battery remained at these posts through the winter and into the spring of 1865. In March 1865, the battery accompanied the 8th Illinois Cavalry on a march to Loudoun Valley, Virginia. Aside from this, their service in 1865 was uneventful.
On June 18, 1865, the battery marched from Fairfax to Washington and turned in their guns and equipment. They reached Boston on June 22 and after some delay at Camp Meigs were mustered out on July 13, 1865. The unit had no casualties in combat but lost six men to disease.
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enwiki/64361988
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enwiki
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16th Massachusetts Battery
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Massachusetts_Battery
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2025-01-27T04:40:51Z
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en
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Q97355452
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{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name =11th Massachusetts Battery
| image = Flag of Massachusetts.svg
| image_size = 220
|caption =
|dates = March 11, 1864 – July 13, 1865
|country ={{flag|United States|1864|23px}}
|branch =[[Union Army]]
|type = [[Field artillery in the American Civil War|Field artillery]]
|role =
|size = [[Artillery battery|Battery]]
|command_structure = 1st Separate Brigade, [[XXII Corps (Union Army)|XXII Corps]]
|battles= [[American Civil War]]
|garrison =
|garrison_label =
|nickname =
|patron =
|motto =
|colors =
|colors_label =
|march =
|mascot =
|equipment =
|equipment_label =
<!-- Commanders -->
|commander1 = [[Captain (United States O-3)|Captain]] Henry D. Scott
|commander1_label = Commanding officer
|commander2 =
|commander2_label =
|commander3 =
|commander3_label =
|commander4 =
|commander4_label =
|notable_commanders =
<!-- Insignia -->
|identification_symbol =
|identification_symbol_label =
}}
The '''16th Massachusetts Battery''' (or '''16th Battery Massachusetts Light Artillery''') was an [[Artillery in the American Civil War|artillery]] [[Artillery battery|battery]] that served in the [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War]]. The last battery of light artillery sent by Massachusetts, it was organized during the late winter of 1864 at [[Camp Meigs]] just outside of [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]]. The battery was commanded by [[Captain (United States O-3)|Captain]] Henry D. Scott of [[New Bedford, Massachusetts]]. The majority of enlisted men and officers were mustered into federal service on March 11, 1864. They departed Massachusetts on April 19, 1864, arriving at Washington of April 21. The unit was directed to [[Camp Barry]] just outside Washington and was there outfitted with 3-inch field guns and horses. It was assigned to the [[XXII Corps (Union Army)|XXII Corps]] in the defenses of Washington.{{sfnp|Bowen|1889|p=858}} Serving primarily in the fortifications around Washington, the battery never saw active combat.{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1247}}
On June 1, 1864, the battery turned in their guns and horses being assigned to heavy artillery duty on the south of [[Alexandria, Virginia]]. The unit was divided into two sections, one serving at [[Fort Lyon (Virginia)|Fort Lyon]] and the other at Fort Weed.{{sfnp|Massachusetts Adjutant General|1932|p=546}} On July 10, as [[Confederate Army|Confederate]] General [[Jubal Early|Jubal Early's]] forces threatened Washington, the men of the 16th Massachusetts Battery were briefly moved to reinforce [[Fort Kearny (Washington, D.C.)|Fort Kearny]] on the northwest side of Washington. After this threat diminished, the unit returned to Camp Barry. There they were re-supplied with field artillery equipment, including four [[M1841 12-pounder howitzer|12-pounder]] guns and horses.{{sfnp|Massachusetts Adjutant General|1932|p=546}}
The battery was transferred to [[Albany, New York]] on September 5 and was stationed at the Troy Road Barracks. It remained there until November 16 when it returned by train to Camp Barry. There it received an additional two 12-pounder guns, bringing the unit up to full armament as a battery of light artillery. On December 16, the battery moved to [[Fairfax County, Virginia]], one section was stationed at [[Vienna, Virginia]] and the other at [[Fairfax Station, Virginia|Fairfax Station]]. The battery remained at these posts through the winter and into the spring of 1865. In March 1865, the battery accompanied the [[8th Illinois Cavalry]] on a march to [[Loudoun Valley]], Virginia. Aside from this, their service in 1865 was uneventful.{{sfnp|Bowen|1889|p=859}}
On June 18, 1865, the battery marched from Fairfax to Washington and turned in their guns and equipment. They reached Boston on June 22 and after some delay at Camp Meigs were mustered out on July 13, 1865.{{sfnp|Massachusetts Adjutant General|1932|p=546}} The unit had no casualties in combat but lost six men to disease.{{sfnp|Dyer|1908|p=1247}}
== See also ==
{{Portal|American Civil War|}}
* [[Massachusetts in the Civil War]]
* [[List of Massachusetts Civil War units]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book | last =Bowen| first =James L| title = Massachusetts in the War 1861–1865| publisher = Clark W Bryer & Co | place = Springfield, MA| year = 1889| oclc = 1986476 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_K0tLhkfW1wwC}}
* {{cite book |title=A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion |last=Dyer|first=Frederick H. |year=1908 |place=Des Moines |publisher=Dyer Publishing Co. |oclc=247098372|url=https://archive.org/details/08697590.3359.emory.edu}}
*{{ cite book | last = Headley| first = Phineas Camp | author-link = | title = Massachusetts in the Rebellion : a Record of the Historical Position of the Commonwealth, and the Services of the Leading Statesmen, the Military, the Colleges, and the People, in the Civil War of 1861-65| publisher = Walker, Fuller & Co| place = Boston, MA| year = 1866| oclc = 8406829| url = https://archive.org/details/massachusettsin01headgoog}}
*{{ cite book | last = Higginson | first = Thomas Wentworth (State Historian | author-link = | title = Massachusetts in the Army and Navy During the War of 1861-65, 8 Volumes| publisher = Wright and Potter Printing Co, State Printers| place = Boston, MA| year = 1896| oclc = 1049652105| volume = 1| url = https://archive.org/details/massachusettsina01higg
}}
*{{ cite book | last = Massachusetts Adjutant General's Office| first = | author-link =Adjutant General of Massachusetts | title = Massachusetts Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines in the Civil War| publisher = Norwood Press| place = Norwood, MA| year = 1932|volume = 5| edition=| oclc = 34938610| url = https://archive.org/details/massachusettssol51931mass/|ref={{harvid|Massachusetts Adjutant General|1932}}}}
{{refend}}
{{American Civil War |expanded=CTCBS}}
[[Category:Artillery units and formations of the American Civil War]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1864]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1865]]
[[Category:Units and formations of the Union army from Massachusetts]]
| 1,272,103,178
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[{"title": "11th Massachusetts Battery", "data": {"Active": "March 11, 1864 \u2013 July 13, 1865", "Country": "United States", "Branch": "Union Army", "Type": "Field artillery", "Size": "Battery", "Part of": "1st Separate Brigade, XXII Corps", "Engagements": "American Civil War"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Commanding officer": "Captain Henry D. Scott"}}]
| false
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# 1808 Vermont gubernatorial election
The 1808 Vermont gubernatorial election for Governor of Vermont took place throughout September, and resulted in the election of Isaac Tichenor to a one-year term.
The Vermont General Assembly met in Montpelier on October 13. The Vermont House of Representatives appointed a committee to examine the votes of the freemen of Vermont for governor, lieutenant governor, treasurer, and members of the governor's council.
The committee's examination of the votes showed that former Governor Isaac Tichenor defeated incumbent Israel Smith for a one-year term. In the election for lieutenant governor, the voters selected Paul Brigham for his thirteenth one-year term. Benjamin Swan was elected to a one-year term as treasurer, his ninth.
In the races for lieutenant governor and treasurer, the vote totals and names of other candidates were not recorded. In the race for governor, a contemporary newspaper article reported the results as follows.
## Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| ----------- | --------------------- | ------------------------ | ------ | ----- | -- |
| | Federalist | Isaac Tichenor | 13,634 | 50.8% | |
| | Democratic-Republican | Israel Smith (incumbent) | 12,775 | 47.6% | |
| | | Scattering | 427 | 1.6% | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 26,836 | 100% | |
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enwiki
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1808 Vermont gubernatorial election
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1808_Vermont_gubernatorial_election
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2025-01-23T03:17:28Z
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en
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Q105833831
| 149,867
|
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1808 Vermont gubernatorial election
| country = Vermont
| flag_year = 1804
| type = presidential
| election_date = {{Start date|1808|10|13}}
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1807 Vermont gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1807
| next_election = 1809 Vermont gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1809
| image_size = 160x160px
| image1 = Isaac Tichenor.jpg
| nominee1 = '''[[Isaac Tichenor]]'''
| party1 = Federalist Party
| popular_vote1 = '''13,634'''
| percentage1 = '''50.8%'''
| image2 = Israel Smith.jpg
| nominee2 = [[Israel Smith]]
| party2 = Democratic-Republican
| popular_vote2 = 12,775
| percentage2 = 47.6%
| map_image = 1808 Vermont gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 150px
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Tichenor:''' {{legend0|#8DA9E2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#678CD7|60–70%}} {{legend0|#3358A2|80–90%}}<br/>'''Smith:''' {{legend0|#73BC84|50–60%}} {{legend0|#3FA457|60–70%}}
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Israel Smith]]
| before_party = Democratic-Republican
| after_election = [[Isaac Tichenor]]
| after_party = Federalist Party
}}
{{ElectionsVT}}
The '''1808 Vermont gubernatorial election''' for [[Governor of Vermont]] took place throughout September, and resulted in the election of [[Isaac Tichenor]] to a one-year term.<ref name="Walton">{{cite book |editor1-last=Walton |editor1-first=E. P. |editor1-link=Eliakim Persons Walton |date=1877 |title=Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont |volume=V |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NisTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA191 |location=Montpelier, VT |publisher=J. & J. M. Poland |pages=190–191 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
The [[Vermont General Assembly]] met in [[Montpelier, Vermont|Montpelier]] on October 13.<ref name="Walton"/> The [[Vermont House of Representatives]] appointed a committee to examine the votes of the [[Freeman (Colonial)|freemen]] of Vermont for governor, [[Lieutenant governor of Vermont|lieutenant governor]], [[Vermont State Treasurer|treasurer]], and members of the governor's council.<ref name="Walton"/>
The committee's examination of the votes showed that former Governor [[Isaac Tichenor]] defeated incumbent [[Israel Smith]] for a one-year term.<ref name="Walton"/> In the election for lieutenant governor, the voters selected [[Paul Brigham]] for his thirteenth one-year term.<ref name="Walton"/> [[Benjamin Swan (Vermont politician)|Benjamin Swan]] was elected to a one-year term as treasurer, his ninth.<ref name="Walton"/>
In the races for lieutenant governor and treasurer, the vote totals and names of other candidates were not recorded.<ref name="Walton"/> In the race for governor, a contemporary newspaper article reported the results as follows.<ref name="Walton"/>
==Results==
{{Election box begin
| title = 1808 Vermont gubernatorial election
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Isaac Tichenor]]
| party = Federalist Party
| color = Federalist Party
| votes = 13,634
| percentage = 50.8%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = [[Israel Smith]] (incumbent)
| party = Democratic-Republican
| color = Democratic-Republican
| votes = 12,775
| percentage = 47.6%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| candidate = Scattering
| party =
| color =
| votes = 427
| percentage = 1.6%
}}
{{Election box total|
|votes = 26,836
|percentage = 100%
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}{{1808 United States elections|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Vermont gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:1808 Vermont elections|gubernatorial]]
[[Category:1808 United States gubernatorial elections|Vermont]]
| 1,271,231,517
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[{"title": "1808 Vermont gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1807": "October 13, 1808 \u00b7 1809 \u2192", "Nominee": "Isaac Tichenor \u00b7 Israel Smith", "Party": "Federalist \u00b7 Democratic-Republican", "Popular vote": "13,634 \u00b7 12,775", "Percentage": "50.8% \u00b7 47.6%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Israel Smith \u00b7 Democratic-Republican": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Isaac Tichenor \u00b7 Federalist"}}]
| false
|
# 1781 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1781 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on 12 April 1781 in order to elect the Governor of Connecticut. Incumbent Nonpartisan Governor Jonathan Trumbull won a plurality of the vote in his re-election bid against other candidates. However, as no candidate received a majority of the total votes cast as was required by Connecticut law, the election was forwarded to the Connecticut legislature, who chose Trumbull as governor.
## General election
On election day, 12 April 1781, incumbent Nonpartisan Governor Jonathan Trumbull won re-election after having been chosen by the Connecticut legislature. Trumbull was sworn in for his sixth term on 10 May 1781.
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------- | ----- | ------ |
| | Nonpartisan | Jonathan Trumbull (incumbent) | 2,636 | 38.75 |
| | | Scattering | 4,166 | 61.25 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 6,802 | 100.00 |
| | Nonpartisan hold | | | |
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1781 Connecticut gubernatorial election
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1781_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election
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2025-01-22T23:56:30Z
|
en
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Q125784913
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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1781 Connecticut gubernatorial election
| country = Connecticut
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1780 Connecticut gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1780
| next_election = 1782 Connecticut gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1782
| election_date = 12 April 1781
| image1 = [[File:JohnTrumbull.jpg|125px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[Jonathan Trumbull]]'''
| party1 = Nonpartisan politician
| popular_vote1 = '''2,636'''
| percentage1 = '''38.75%'''
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Jonathan Trumbull]]
| before_party = Nonpartisan politician
| after_election = [[Jonathan Trumbull]]
| after_party = Nonpartisan politician
}}
{{ElectionsCT}}
The '''1781 Connecticut gubernatorial election''' was held on 12 April 1781 in order to elect the [[List of governors of Connecticut|Governor of Connecticut]]. [[Incumbent]] [[Nonpartisanship|Nonpartisan]] Governor [[Jonathan Trumbull]] won a plurality of the vote in his re-election bid against other candidates. However, as no candidate received a majority of the total votes cast as was required by Connecticut law, the election was forwarded to the [[Connecticut General Assembly|Connecticut legislature]], who chose Trumbull as governor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://museumofcthistory.org/2015/08/jonathan-trumbull/ |title=Governor Jonathan Trumbull |publisher=Connecticut State Library |date=July 2002 |access-date=21 April 2024}}</ref>
== General election ==
On election day, 12 April 1781, incumbent [[Nonpartisanship|Nonpartisan]] Governor [[Jonathan Trumbull]] won re-election after having been chosen by the [[Connecticut General Assembly|Connecticut legislature]]. Trumbull was sworn in for his sixth term on 10 May 1781.<ref name=GBN>{{cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=218627 |title=CT Governor |publisher=ourcampaigns.com |date=13 April 2005 |access-date=21 April 2024}}</ref>
=== Results ===
{{Election box begin no change | title=Connecticut gubernatorial election, 1781|
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Nonpartisan politician
|candidate = [[Jonathan Trumbull]] (incumbent)
|votes = 2,636
|percentage = 38.75
}}
{{Election box candidate no change|
|party =
|candidate = Scattering
|votes = 4,166
|percentage = 61.25
}}
{{Election box total no change|
|votes = 6,802
|percentage = 100.00
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|
|winner= Nonpartisan politician
|loser =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Connecticut elections}}
[[Category:Connecticut gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:1781 Connecticut elections|gov]]
[[Category:United States gubernatorial elections in the 1780s]]
[[Category:Non-partisan elections]]
[[Category:Indirect elections]]
| 1,271,196,809
|
[{"title": "1781 Connecticut gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1780": "12 April 1781 \u00b7 1782 \u2192", "Nominee": "Jonathan Trumbull", "Party": "Nonpartisan", "Popular vote": "2,636", "Percentage": "38.75%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Jonathan Trumbull \u00b7 Nonpartisan": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Jonathan Trumbull \u00b7 Nonpartisan"}}]
| false
|
# 1932 Women's Western Open
The 1932 Women's Western Open was a golf competition held at Ozaukee Country Club in Mequon, Wisconsin, which was the third edition of the event. Jane Weiller won the championship in match play competition by defeating June Beebe in the final match, 5 and 4.
|
enwiki/32454634
|
enwiki
| 32,454,634
|
1932 Women's Western Open
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Women%27s_Western_Open
|
2025-03-04T21:15:08Z
|
en
|
Q4563091
| 32,267
|
{{short description|Golf tournament}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
The '''1932 Women's Western Open''' was a [[golf]] competition held at Ozaukee Country Club in [[Mequon, Wisconsin]], which was the third edition of the event. [[Jane Weiller]] won the championship in match play competition by defeating [[June Beebe]] in the final match, 5 and 4.<ref>{{cite news |title=Miss Weiller Wins Western Open Golf |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NkwbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=b0sEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3524,1626160&dq=western+open+golf+weiller&hl=en |newspaper=[[The Pittsburgh Press]] |location=Pennsylvania |agency=United Press |date=July 16, 1932 |page=9 |via=Google News Archive |access-date=December 2, 2010}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Women's Golf Major Championships master|1932}}
{{Women's Western Open championships}}
[[Category:Women's Western Open]]
[[Category:Golf tournaments in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Women's sports in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:1932 in women's golf|Women's Western Open]]
[[Category:1932 in American women's sports|Women's Western Open]]
[[Category:1932 in sports in Wisconsin|Women's Western Open]]
{{US-golf-tournament-stub}}
{{Wisconsin-sport-stub}}
| 1,278,828,173
|
[]
| false
|
# 1778 in sports
1778 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.
## Boxing
Events
- June — Harry Sellers defeated Bill " The Nailer " Stevens in a 10-minute fight to retain the English Championship title.[1]
## Cricket
Events
- Thomas Brett, the first great Hambledon bowler, retired from cricket.
England
- Most runs[2] – William Yalden 162
- Most wickets[2] – Lamborn 22
## Horse racing
England
- St Leger Stakes – Hollandoise
|
enwiki/24997729
|
enwiki
| 24,997,729
|
1778 in sports
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1778_in_sports
|
2023-05-06T12:13:19Z
|
en
|
Q4553185
| 50,891
|
{{Short description|Sports-related events of 1778}}
{{Year nav sports topic5|1778|sports}}
'''1778 in sports''' describes the year's events in world sport.
==[[Boxing]]==
'''Events'''
* June — Harry Sellers defeated Bill " The Nailer " Stevens in a 10-minute fight to retain the English Championship title.<ref name=HS>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/sellers-harry.htm |title=Harry Sellers |publisher=Cyber Boxing Zone |accessdate=6 October 2017}}</ref>
==[[Cricket]]==
'''Events'''
* [[Thomas Brett (cricketer)|Thomas Brett]], the first great [[Hambledon Club|Hambledon]] [[bowling (cricket)|bowler]], retired from cricket.
'''England'''
* Most runs<ref name="cards">Note that scorecards created in the 18th century are not necessarily accurate or complete; therefore any summary of runs, wickets or catches can only represent the '''known''' totals and the missing data prevents effective computation of averages</ref> – [[William Yalden]] 162
* Most wickets<ref name="cards"/> – [[Lamborn (Hambledon cricketer)|Lamborn]] 22
==[[Horse racing]]==
'''England'''
* [[St Leger Stakes]] – [[Hollandoise]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Sports by year to 1850}}
[[Category:1778 in sports| ]]
[[Category:Sports by year|1778]]
{{sport-year-stub}}
| 1,153,448,374
|
[]
| false
|
# 12th Irish Film & Television Awards
The IFTA Film & Drama Awards took place at the Mansion House on 24 May 2015 in Dublin, honouring Irish film and television released in 2014.
Jim Sheridan received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Awards Ceremony which was presented by Sean Bean.
Caroline Morahan hosted the film awards ceremony on 24 May.
## Film Awards
The nominations for the IFTA Film & Drama Awards were announced on 29 April 2015.
Awards were presented in 27 categories.
### Film categories
Film
- Frank
- Glassland
- I Used to Live Here
- Noble
- Patrick's Day
- Song of the Sea
Director in Film
- Frank - Lenny Abrahamson
- Glassland - Gerard Barrett
- Begin Again - John Carney
- Patrick's Day - Terry McMahon
Script Film
- Gerard Barrett - Glassland
- Frank Berry - I Used to Live Here
- Will Collins - Song of the Sea
- Terry McMahon - Patrick's Day
Actor in a Lead Role in a Feature Film
- Moe Dunford - Patrick's Day
- Colin Farrell - Miss Julie
- Michael Fassbender - Frank
- Jack Reynor - Glassland
Actress in a Lead Role in a Feature Film
- Tara Breathnach - A Nightingale Falling
- Jordanne Jones - I Used to Live Here
- Simone Kirby - Jimmy's Hall
- Deirdre O'Kane - Noble
Actor in a Supporting Role in a Feature Film
- Domhnall Gleeson - Frank
- Allen Leech - The Imitation Game
- James Nesbitt - Gold
- Andrew Scott - Pride
Actress in a Supporting Role in a Feature Film
- Kerry Condon - Gold
- Sinéad Cusack - Queen and Country
- Sarah Greene - Noble
- Catherine Walker - Patrick's Day
George Morrison Feature Documentary
- Blood Fruit - Ferndale Films
- In A House That Ceased To Be - Atlantic Film Alliance
- One Million Dubliners - Underground Films
- Road - DoubleBand Films
- Unbreakable - Ross Whitaker
Short Film
- Boogaloo and Graham - Michael Lennox / Ronan Blaney / Brian Falconer
- I Am Here - David Holmes
- Rockmount - David Tynan
- Skunky Dog - James Fitzgerald
Animation
- An Ode to Love - Matthew Darragh
- Fresh Cut Grass - Boulder Media
- Somewhere Down the Line - Julien Regnard
- The Ledge End of Phil (from accounting) - Paul Morris
### International categories
International Film sponsored by American Airlines
- '71
- Boyhood
- The Imitation Game
- The Theory of Everything
International Actor
- Steve Carell - Foxcatcher
- Benedict Cumberbatch - The Imitation Game
- Jake Gyllenhaal - Nightcrawler
- Eddie Redmayne - The Theory of Everything
International Actress
- Patricia Arquette - Boyhood
- Toni Collette - Glassland
- Jessica Chastain - Miss Julie
- Julianne Moore - Still Alice
### Television Drama categories
Best Drama – In Association with the BAI
- Charlie
- The Fall
- Game of Thrones
- Love/Hate
- Vikings
Director Drama
- David Caffrey - Love/Hate
- Ciaran Donnelly - Vikings
- Colm McCarthy - Peaky Blinders
- Dearbhla Walsh - Penny Dreadful
Script Drama
- Stuart Carolan - Love/Hate
- Tommy Collins, Eoin McNamee, Paul Walker - An Bronntanas
- Colin Murphy - The Guarantee
- Colin Teevan - Charlie
Actor in a Lead Role in Drama
- Jamie Dornan - The Fall
- Aidan Gillen - Charlie
- Cillian Murphy - Peaky Blinders
- Tom Vaughan-Lawlor - Love/Hate
Actress in a Lead Role Drama
- Caitriona Balfe - Outlander
- Michelle Beamish - An Bronntanas
- Maria Doyle Kennedy - Corp + Anam
- Charlie Murphy - Love/Hate
Actor in a Supporting Role in Drama
- John Connors - Love/Hate
- Liam Cunningham - Game of Thrones
- Stephen Rea - The Honourable Woman
- Andrew Scott - Sherlock: "His Last Vow"
Actress in a Supporting Role in Drama
- Charlotte Bradley - An Bronntanas
- Aisling Franciosi - The Fall
- Charlie Murphy - The Village
- Mary Murray - Love/Hate
## Craft/Technical categories (Film/TV Drama)
Costume Design
- Joan Bergin - Vikings
- Consolata Boyle - Miss Julie
- Lorna Marie Mugan - Peaky Blinders
- Eimer Ní Mhaoldomhnaigh - Jimmy's Hall
Production Design
- Tom Conroy - Vikings
- Mark Geraghty - Vikings
- John Paul Kelly - The Theory of Everything
- Donal Woods - Downton Abbey
Editing
- Úna Ní Dhonghaíle - The Missing
- Nathan Nugent - Frank
- Emer Reynolds - One Million Dubliners
- Emer Reynolds - Patrick's Day
Cinematography
- PJ Dillon - Vikings
- Michael Lavelle - Patrick's Day
- James Mather - Frank
- Piers McGrail - Glassland
Make-up & Hair Sponsored by M·A·C
- Jimi: All Is by My Side
- Frank
- Ripper Street
- Vikings
Original Score
- Ray Harman - Patrick's Day
- David Holmes - '71
- Stephen McKeon - Queen and Country
- Stephen Rennicks - Frank
Sound
- The Canal
- Frank
- Game of Thrones
- Patrick's Day
## Special Awards
### Irish Film Board Rising Star Award
- Sarah Greene (Actor — Burnt, Noble, Penny Dreadful)
- Caitríona Balfe (Actor — Now You See Me, Outlander)
- Moe Dunford (Actor — Crisis Eile, Patrick's Day, Vikings)
- Dónal Foreman (Director/Editor/Writer — The Ghost Said, Out of Here)
### Lifetime Achievement Award
- Jim Sheridan
## Television Awards
The nominations for the Television Awards were announced on 2 October 2015.
|
enwiki/46560174
|
enwiki
| 46,560,174
|
12th Irish Film & Television Awards
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_Irish_Film_%26_Television_Awards
|
2025-02-25T12:44:22Z
|
en
|
Q19885412
| 82,665
|
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 12
| award = IFTA Film & Drama Awards
| date = {{Start date|2015|5|24|df=yes}}
| site = [[Mansion House, Dublin|Mansion House]], [[Dublin]] (Film Awards)
| host = [[Caroline Morahan]] (Film Awards)
| producer =
| director =
| best_film = ''[[Song of the Sea (2014 film)|Song of the Sea]]''
|best_direction = ''[[Lenny Abrahamson]]''
|best_direction_film = ''[[Frank (film)|Frank]]''
| best_actor = ''[[Moe Dunford]]''
| best_actor_film = ''[[Patrick's Day (film)|Patrick's Day]]''
| best_actress = ''[[Deirdre O'Kane]]''
| best_actress_film = ''[[Noble (film)|Noble]]''
| most_wins = ''[[Frank (film)|Frank]]'' (3), ''[[Patrick's Day (film)|Patrick's Day]]'' (3), ''[[Love/Hate (TV series)|Love/Hate]]'' (3)
| most_nominations = ''[[Frank (film)|Frank]]'' (9), ''[[Patrick's Day (film)|Patrick's Day]]'' (9)
| channel = [[TV3 (Ireland)|TV3]] (highlights of the film awards 1 June)
| duration =
| ratings =
| last = [[11th Irish Film & Television Awards|11th]]
| next = [[13th Irish Film & Television Awards|13th]]
}}
The '''[[IFTA Film & Drama Awards]]''' took place at the Mansion House on 24 May 2015 in Dublin, honouring [[Cinema of Ireland|Irish film]] and [[Television in the Republic of Ireland|television]] released in 2014.
[[Jim Sheridan]] received a '''Lifetime Achievement Award''' at the Awards Ceremony which was presented by [[Sean Bean]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.iftn.ie/rep_bodies/repbodiesnews/?act1=record&aid=73&rid=4288278&tpl=archnews|title=Jim Sheridan To Receive Lifetime Achievement Award at 12th IFTA Awards|date=25 May 2015|work=IFTA |accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/ifta-frank-patrick-s-day-and-love-hate-the-big-winners-1.2224537|title=IFTA: Frank, Patrick’s Day and Love/Hate the big winners|date=25 May 2015|work=Irish Times|accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.ifta.ie/awards/news/ifta_2015.html|title=IFTA ANNOUNCES WINNERS 2015|date=25 May 2015|work=IFTA|accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.irishmirror.ie/whats-on/film-news/ifta-awards-2015-its-gongsters-5757267|title=IFTA Award Winners|date=25 May 2015|work=Irish Mirror|accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref>
[[Caroline Morahan]] hosted the film awards ceremony on 24 May.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.irishexaminer.com/technow/movies/caroline-morahan-will-host-the-iftas-2015-330119.html|title=Caroline Morahan will host the IFTAs 2015|date=12 May 2015|work=Irish Examiner|accessdate=19 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.iftn.ie/news/?act1=record&only=1&aid=73&rid=4288283&tpl=archnews&force=1|title=Caroline Morahan to Host IFTA Film & Drama Awards|date=12 May 2015|work=IFTA|accessdate=19 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.irishexaminer.com/examviral/celeb-life/live-updates-from-the-2015-irish-film-and-television-awards-332365.html|title=Live updates from the 2015 Irish Film and Television Awards|date=25 May 2015|work=Irish Examiner|accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.irishexaminer.com/viewpoints/ourview/take-a-bow--ifta-awards-332587.html|title= Take A Bow IFTA Awards|date=25 May 2015|work=Irish Examiner|accessdate=25 May 2015}}</ref>
==Film Awards==
The nominations for the IFTA Film & Drama Awards were announced on 29 April 2015.
Awards were presented in 27 categories.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.irishexaminer.com/technow/movies/ifta-awards-2015-winners--lovehate-frank-and-jim-sheridan-332768.html|title=IFTA Awards 2015 winners - Love/Hate Frank and Jim Sheridan|date=25 May 2015|work=Irish Examiner|accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://variety.com/2015/film/awards/animated-film-song-of-the-sea-wins-top-prize-at-irish-film-and-television-awards-1201504606/|title=Animated Film ‘Song of the Sea’ Wins Top Prize at Irish Film and Television Awards|date=25 May 2015|work=Variety |accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref>
===Film categories===
; Film
* ''[[Frank (film)|Frank]]''
* ''[[Glassland (film)|Glassland]]''
* ''[[I Used to Live Here]]''
* ''[[Noble (film)|Noble]]''
* ''[[Patrick's Day (film)|Patrick's Day]]''
* '''''[[Song of the Sea (2014 film)|Song of the Sea]]'''''
; Director in Film
* '''''[[Frank (film)|Frank]]'' - [[Lenny Abrahamson]]'''
* ''[[Glassland (film)|Glassland]]'' - [[Gerard Barrett (director)|Gerard Barrett]]
* ''[[Begin Again (film)|Begin Again]]'' - [[John Carney (director)|John Carney]]
* ''[[Patrick's Day (film)|Patrick's Day]]'' - [[Terry McMahon]]
; Script Film
*[[Gerard Barrett (director)|Gerard Barrett]] - ''[[Glassland (film)|Glassland]]''
* Frank Berry - ''I Used to Live Here''
* Will Collins - ''Song of the Sea''
* '''[[Terry McMahon]] - ''[[Patrick's Day (film)|Patrick's Day]]'''''
; Actor in a Lead Role in a Feature Film
* '''[[Moe Dunford]] - ''[[Patrick's Day (film)|Patrick's Day]]'''''
* [[Colin Farrell]] - ''[[Miss Julie (2014 film)|Miss Julie]]''
* [[Michael Fassbender]] - ''[[Frank (film)|Frank]]''
* [[Jack Reynor]] - ''[[Glassland]]''
; Actress in a Lead Role in a Feature Film
* Tara Breathnach - ''[[A Nightingale Falling]]''
* [[Jordanne Jones]] - ''I Used to Live Here''
* [[Simone Kirby]] - ''[[Jimmy's Hall]]''
* '''[[Deirdre O'Kane]] - ''[[Noble (film)|Noble]]'''''
; Actor in a Supporting Role in a Feature Film
* '''[[Domhnall Gleeson]] - ''[[Frank (film)|Frank]]'''''
* [[Allen Leech]] - ''[[The Imitation Game]]''
* [[James Nesbitt]] - ''Gold''
* [[Andrew Scott (actor)|Andrew Scott]] - ''[[Pride (2014 film)|Pride]]''
; Actress in a Supporting Role in a Feature Film
* [[Kerry Condon]] - ''Gold''
* [[Sinéad Cusack]] - ''[[Queen and Country (film)|Queen and Country]]''
* '''[[Sarah Greene (actress)|Sarah Greene]] - ''[[Noble (film)|Noble]]'''''
* [[Catherine Walker (actor)|Catherine Walker]] - ''[[Patrick's Day (film)|Patrick's Day]]''
; [[George Morrison (documentary maker)|George Morrison]] Feature Documentary
* ''Blood Fruit'' - Ferndale Films
* '''''In A House That Ceased To Be ''- Atlantic Film Alliance'''
* ''One Million Dubliners'' - ''Underground Films''
*'' Road'' - ''DoubleBand Films''
* ''Unbreakable ''- ''Ross Whitaker''
; Short Film
* ''[[Boogaloo and Graham]]'' - [[Michael Lennox]] / Ronan Blaney / Brian Falconer
* ''I Am Here'' - David Holmes
* '''''Rockmount'' - David Tynan'''
* Skunky Dog - James Fitzgerald
; Animation
* ''An Ode to Love'' - Matthew Darragh
* ''Fresh Cut Grass'' - Boulder Media
* '''''Somewhere Down the Line'' - Julien Regnard'''
* ''The Ledge End of Phil (from accounting)'' - Paul Morris
===International categories===
; International Film sponsored by [[American Airlines]]
* ''[['71 (film)|'71]]''
* '''''[[Boyhood (2014 film)|Boyhood]]'''''
* ''[[The Imitation Game]]''
* ''[[The Theory of Everything (2014 film)|The Theory of Everything]]''
; International Actor
* [[Steve Carell]] - ''[[Foxcatcher]]''
* [[Benedict Cumberbatch]] - ''[[The Imitation Game]]''
* [[Jake Gyllenhaal]] - ''[[Nightcrawler (film)|Nightcrawler]]''
* '''[[Eddie Redmayne]] - ''[[The Theory of Everything (2014 film)|The Theory of Everything]]'''''
; International Actress
* [[Patricia Arquette]] - ''[[Boyhood (2014 film)|Boyhood]]''
* [[Toni Collette]] - ''[[Glassland]]''
* [[Jessica Chastain]] -'' [[Miss Julie (2014 film)|Miss Julie]]''
* '''[[Julianne Moore]] - ''[[Still Alice]]'''''
===Television Drama categories===
; Best Drama – In Association with the [[Broadcasting Authority of Ireland|BAI]]
* ''[[Charlie (TV series)|Charlie]]''
* ''[[The Fall (TV series)|The Fall]]''
* ''[[Game of Thrones]]''
* '''''[[Love/Hate (TV series)|Love/Hate]]'''''
* ''[[Vikings (2013 TV series)|Vikings]]''
;Director Drama
* [[David Caffrey]] - ''[[Love/Hate (TV series)|Love/Hate]]''
* '''[[Ciaran Donnelly (director)|Ciaran Donnelly]] - ''[[Vikings (2013 TV series)|Vikings]]'''''
* [[Colm McCarthy (director)|Colm McCarthy]] - ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]''
* [[Dearbhla Walsh]] - ''[[Penny Dreadful (TV series)|Penny Dreadful]]''
;Script Drama
* '''[[Stuart Carolan]] - ''[[Love/Hate (TV series)|Love/Hate]]'''''
* [[Tommy Collins (filmmaker)|Tommy Collins]], [[Eoin McNamee]], Paul Walker - ''[[The Gift (2014 film)|An Bronntanas]]''
* [[Colin Murphy (comedian)|Colin Murphy]] - ''The Guarantee''
* [[Colin Teevan]] - ''[[Charlie (TV series)|Charlie]]''
;Actor in a Lead Role in Drama
* [[Jamie Dornan]] - ''[[The Fall (TV series)|The Fall]]''
* '''[[Aidan Gillen]] - ''[[Charlie (TV series)|Charlie]]'''''
* [[Cillian Murphy]] - ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]''
* [[Tom Vaughan-Lawlor]] - ''[[Love/Hate (TV series)|Love/Hate]]''
;Actress in a Lead Role Drama
* [[Caitriona Balfe]] - ''[[Outlander (TV series)|Outlander]]''
* Michelle Beamish - ''[[The Gift (2014 film)|An Bronntanas]]''
* [[Maria Doyle Kennedy]] - ''Corp + Anam''
* '''[[Charlie Murphy (actress)|Charlie Murphy]] - ''[[Love/Hate (TV series)|Love/Hate]]'''''
;Actor in a Supporting Role in Drama
* John Connors - ''[[Love/Hate (TV series)|Love/Hate]]''
* [[Liam Cunningham]] - ''[[Game of Thrones]]''
* '''[[Stephen Rea]] - ''[[The Honourable Woman]]'''''
* [[Andrew Scott (actor)|Andrew Scott]] - ''[[Sherlock (TV series)|Sherlock]]'': "[[His Last Vow]]"
;Actress in a Supporting Role in Drama
* [[Charlotte Bradley]] - ''[[The Gift (2014 film)|An Bronntanas]]''
* '''[[Aisling Franciosi]] - ''[[The Fall (TV series)|The Fall]]'''''
* [[Charlie Murphy (actress)|Charlie Murphy]] - ''[[The Village (2013 TV series)|The Village]]''
* Mary Murray - ''[[Love/Hate (TV series)|Love/Hate]]''
==Craft/Technical categories (Film/TV Drama)==
;Costume Design
* Joan Bergin - ''[[Vikings (2013 TV series)|Vikings]]''
* [[Consolata Boyle]] - ''[[Miss Julie (2014 film)|Miss Julie]]''
* '''Lorna Marie Mugan - ''[[Peaky Blinders (TV series)|Peaky Blinders]]'''''
* [[Eimer Ní Mhaoldomhnaigh]] - ''[[Jimmy's Hall]]''
;Production Design
* Tom Conroy - ''[[Vikings (2013 TV series)|Vikings]]''
* Mark Geraghty - ''[[Vikings (2013 TV series)|Vikings]]''
* '''John Paul Kelly - ''[[The Theory of Everything (2014 film)|The Theory of Everything]]'''''
* Donal Woods - ''[[Downton Abbey]]''
;Editing
* [[Úna Ní Dhonghaíle]] - ''[[The Missing (British TV series)|The Missing]]''
* [[Nathan Nugent]] - ''[[Frank (film)|Frank]]''
* [[Emer Reynolds]] '''- ''One Million Dubliners'''''
* Emer Reynolds - ''[[Patrick's Day (film)|Patrick's Day]]''
;Cinematography
* PJ Dillon - ''[[Vikings (2013 TV series)|Vikings]]''
* Michael Lavelle - ''[[Patrick's Day (film)|Patrick's Day]]''
* '''James Mather - ''[[Frank (film)|Frank]]'''''
* Piers McGrail - ''[[Glassland]]''
; Make-up & Hair Sponsored by [[MAC Cosmetics|M·A·C]]
* ''[[Jimi: All Is by My Side]]''
* ''[[Frank (film)|Frank]] ''
* ''[[Ripper Street]]''
* '''''[[Vikings (2013 TV series)|Vikings]]'''''
;Original Score
* Ray Harman - ''[[Patrick's Day (film)|Patrick's Day]]''
* David Holmes - '' [['71 (film)|'71]]''
* '''[[Stephen McKeon]] - ''[[Queen and Country (film)|Queen and Country]]'''''
* [[Stephen Rennicks]] - '' [[Frank (film)|Frank]]''
;Sound
* ''[[The Canal (2014 film)|The Canal]]''
* ''[[Frank (film)|Frank]] ''
* ''[[Game of Thrones]]''
* '''''[[Patrick's Day (film)|Patrick's Day]]'''''
==Special Awards==
===Irish Film Board Rising Star Award===
* '''[[Sarah Greene (actress)|Sarah Greene]] <small>(Actor — ''[[Burnt (film)|Burnt]]'', ''[[Noble (film)|Noble]]'', ''[[Penny Dreadful (TV series)|Penny Dreadful]]'')</small>'''
** [[Caitríona Balfe]] <small>(Actor — ''[[Now You See Me (film)|Now You See Me]]'', ''[[Outlander (TV series)|Outlander]]'')</small>
** [[Moe Dunford]] <small>(Actor — ''[[Crisis Eile]]'', ''[[Patrick's Day (film)|Patrick's Day]]'', ''[[Vikings (TV series)|Vikings]]'')</small>
** Dónal Foreman <small>(Director/Editor/Writer — ''The Ghost Said'', ''Out of Here'')</small>
===Lifetime Achievement Award===
* '''[[Jim Sheridan]]'''
==Television Awards==
The nominations for the Television Awards were announced on 2 October 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/television/tv-news/ifta-television-awards-2015-nominations-revealed-new-tv3-soap-red-rock-leads-with-7-noms-31576277.html|title=IFTA Television Awards 2015 nominations revealed - new TV3 soap Red Rock leads with 7 noms|date=2 October 2015|work=Irish Independent|accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ifta.ie/awards/nominees_tv_2015/|title=IFTA Television Awards 2015: Nominees|date=7 October 2015|work=IFTA.ie|accessdate=7 October 2015}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://ifta.ie/awards/index.html Official Site]
{{IFTA}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Irish Film and Television Awards, 12}}
[[Category:2015 in Irish television]]
[[Category:Irish Film & Television Awards|12]]
[[Category:2015 film awards]]
[[Category:2015 television awards]]
| 1,277,571,307
|
[{"title": "12th IFTA Film & Drama Awards", "data": {"Date": "24 May 2015", "Site": "Mansion House, Dublin (Film Awards)", "Hosted by": "Caroline Morahan (Film Awards)"}}, {"title": "Highlights", "data": {"Best Film": "Song of the Sea", "Best Direction": "Lenny Abrahamson \u00b7 Frank", "Best Actor": "Moe Dunford \u00b7 Patrick's Day", "Best Actress": "Deirdre O'Kane \u00b7 Noble", "Most awards": "Frank (3), Patrick's Day (3), Love/Hate (3)", "Most nominations": "Frank (9), Patrick's Day (9)"}}, {"title": "Television coverage", "data": {"Channel": "TV3 (highlights of the film awards 1 June)"}}]
| false
|
# 1924 Waterbury Blues season
The 1924 Waterbury Blues season was their first season in existence and their last complete season before relocating to Hartford midway through the 1925 season. The team finished the season with a 7–2–4 record.
## Schedule
| Week | Date | Opponent | Result |
| ---- | ------------------ | --------------------------- | ------ |
| 1 | September 28, 1924 | Fort Hamilton | W 57-0 |
| 2 | October 5, 1924 | Hartford National Guard | W 36-0 |
| 3 | October 12, 1924 | Meriden National Guard | W 14-0 |
| 4 | October 19, 1924 | All-Torrington | T 0-0 |
| 5 | October 26, 1924 | All-New Britain | T 0-0 |
| 6 | November 2, 1924 | All-Torrington | W 3–6 |
| 7 | November 9, 1924 | at All-New Britain | W 9-0 |
| 8 | November 16, 1924 | West Ends of Frog Hollow | W 6-0 |
| 9 | November 23, 1924 | Bridgeport | W 12-0 |
| 10 | November 27, 1924 | All-Torrington | T 0-0 |
| 11 | November 30, 1924 | at West Ends of Frog Hollow | T 0-0 |
| 11 | December 7, 1924 | Frankford Yellow Jackets | L 0–14 |
| 11 | December 14, 1924 | at Providence Steam Roller | L 0-0 |
|
enwiki/28764482
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enwiki
| 28,764,482
|
1924 Waterbury Blues season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_Waterbury_Blues_season
|
2024-12-27T14:48:58Z
|
en
|
Q4561588
| 36,877
|
{{Short description|American football team season}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox NFL team season
| team = Waterbury Blues
| year = 1924
| record = 7–2–4
| league_place = ''independent team''
| coach = [[Dick McGrath]]
| stadium = Brassco Field
| playoffs =<!--No Playoffs-->
| previous = ''none''
| no_prevseason = true
}}
The '''1924 [[Waterbury Blues]] season''' was their first season in existence and their last complete season before relocating to [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]] midway through the 1925 season. The team finished the season with a 7–2–4 record.<ref>[http://www.luckyshow.org/football/Hartford%20Blues.htm 1924 Waterbury Blues]</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Hartford Blues Part I |journal=Coffin Corner |publisher=Professional Football Researchers Association |volume=4 |issue=8 |year=1982 |pages=1–5 |url=http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/04-08-107.pdf |author=Hogrogian, John |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127044620/http://profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/04-08-107.pdf |archivedate=2010-11-27 }}</ref>
==Schedule==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Week
! Date
! Opponent
! Result
|-style="background: #ddffdd;"
| 1
| September 28, 1924
| Fort Hamilton
| W 57-0
|-style="background: #ddffdd;"
| 2
| October 5, 1924
| Hartford National Guard
| W 36-0
|-style="background: #ddffdd;"
| 3
| October 12, 1924
| Meriden National Guard
| W 14-0
|-style="background: #ffeeaa;"
| 4
| October 19, 1924
| All-Torrington
| T 0-0
|-style="background: #ffeeaa;"
| 5
| October 26, 1924
| All-New Britain
| T 0-0
|-style="background: #ddffdd;"
| 6
| November 2, 1924
| All-Torrington
| W 3–6
|-style="background: #ddffdd;"
| 7
| November 9, 1924
| at All-New Britain
| W 9-0
|-style="background: #ddffdd;"
| 8
| November 16, 1924
| West Ends of Frog Hollow
| W 6-0
|-style="background: #ddffdd;"
| 9
| November 23, 1924
| Bridgeport
| W 12-0
|-style="background: #ffeeaa;"
| 10
| November 27, 1924
| All-Torrington
| T 0-0
|-style="background: #ffeeaa;"
| 11
| November 30, 1924
| at West Ends of Frog Hollow
| T 0-0
|-style="background: #ffdddd;"
| 11
| December 7, 1924
| [[Frankford Yellow Jackets]]
| L 0–14
|-style="background: #ffdddd;"
| 11
| December 14, 1924
| at [[Providence Steam Roller]]
| L 0-0
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Hartford Blues}}
{{Hartford Blues seasons}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1924 Hartford Blues Season}}
[[Category:Hartford Blues seasons]]
{{Americanfootball-season-stub}}
| 1,265,564,753
|
[{"title": "1924 Waterbury Blues season", "data": {"Head coach": "Dick McGrath", "Home stadium": "Brassco Field"}}, {"title": "Results", "data": {"Record": "7\u20132\u20134", "League place": "independent team"}}]
| false
|
# 1877 in Denmark
Events from the year 1877 in Denmark.
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Christian IX[1]
- Prime minister – J. B. S. Estrup
## Events
- 7 January – The weekly Illustreret Familie Journal, now Familie Journalen, is published for the first time.
- 15 February – St. Paul's Church in Copenhagen is completed and opens for the first time.[2]
- 18 February – St. Paul's Church in Copenhagen is inaugurated.
- 12 April – The Estrup government's adoption of a temporary national budget after dissolving Rigsdagen sets off the political struggle between Landstinget and Folketinget known as provisorietiden, "the provisional era". The opposition introduces their so-called visnepolitik, "whithering politics".[3]
- 12 August – Six houses are washed away when Lønstrup is hit by a thunderstorm and torrential rain.[4]
- 1 December – The Aarhus–Ryomgård section of the Grenaa Line railway is opened.
### Date unknown
- Aarsdale Windmill is completed.
- Nielsine Nielsen and Johanne Gleerup are admitted to the University of Copenhagen as Denmark's first female university students.
## Births
### January–March
- 2 January – Johannes Schmidt, biologist credited with the 1920 discovery that eels migrate to the Sargasso Sea to spawn (died 1933)
- 12 February – Holger Scheuermann, surgeon after whom Scheuermann's disease is named (died 1960)
- 20 February – Albert Kongsbak, painter (died 1958)
- 28 February – Peder Møller, violinist and music teacher (died 1940)
- 7 March – Thorvald Ellegaard, track racing cyclist (died 1954)
- 15 March – Axel Frische, screenwriter, actor and film director (died 1956)
- 22 March – Einar Ambt, architect (died 1928)
### April–June
- 11 April – Carl Alstrup, actor and film director (died 1943)
- 1 April – Valdemar Henckel, businessman, company founder (died 1953)
- 28 April – Frederik Draiby, architect, first city designer of Aarhus (died 1966)
- 29 May – Jens Hajslund, Olympic sport shooter, bronze medalist in team free rifle at the 1912 Summer Olympics (died 1964)
- 8 June – Thorvald Aagaard, composer (died 1937)
- 27 June – Axel Høeg-Hansen, architect (died 1947)
### July–December
- 1 July – Kay Schrøder, Olympic fencer, competitor at the 1920 Summer Olympics (died 1949)
- 13 July – Erik Scavenius, politician, Prime Minister of Denmark 1942–1943 (died 1962)
- 10 August – Harald Bergstedt, writer, novelist, playwright and poet (died 1965)
- 22 August – Henning Eiler Petersen, mycologist, botanist and marine botanist (died 1946)
### October–December
- 2 December – Carl Manicus-Hansen, gymnast, silver medalist in the team event in gymnastics at the 1906 Intercalated Games (died 1960)
## Deaths
- 30 January – Rudolph Rothe, landscape architect (born 1802)
- 26 February – Nicolai Jonathan Meinert, businessman (born 1791)
- 28 March – Henrik Nicolai Clausen, theologian and National Liberal Party politician (born in 1793)
- 25 April – Peter Faber, songwriter, telegraphy pioneer (born 1810)
- 12 October – Ole Bang, medical doctor (born 1788)
- 16 November – Oscar Alexander Ræder, writer (born 1844)
|
enwiki/31913863
|
enwiki
| 31,913,863
|
1877 in Denmark
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1877_in_Denmark
|
2024-09-08T02:06:05Z
|
en
|
Q4555607
| 94,055
|
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Year in Denmark|1877}}
Events from the year '''[[1877]] in [[Denmark]]'''.
==Incumbents==
* Monarch – [[Christian IX of Denmark|Christian IX]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Christian IX {{!}} king of Denmark |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christian-IX |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=17 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* Prime minister – [[Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup|J. B. S. Estrup]]
==Events==
[[File:Indvielsen af St. Pauls Kirken i Kjøbenhavn den 18de Februar 1877.png|thumb|160px|18 February: Inauguration of [[St. Paul's Church, Copenhagen|St. Paul's Church]] in Copenhagen]]
* 7 January – The weekly ''Illustreret Familie Journal'', now ''[[Familie Journalen]]'', is published for the first time.
* 15 February – [[St. Paul's Church, Copenhagen|St. Paul's Church]] in Copenhagen is completed and opens for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kobenhavnshistorie.dk/bog/khsd/1800/1877.html|title=1877|publisher=Selskabet for Københavns Historie|access-date=2011-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719125014/http://kobenhavnshistorie.dk/bog/khsd/1800/1877.html|archive-date=19 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* 18 February – St. Paul's Church in Copenhagen is inaugurated.
* 12 April – The Estrup government's adoption of a temporary national budget after dissolving [[Rigsdagen]] sets off the political struggle between [[Landstinget]] and [[Folketinget]] known as ''provisorietiden'', "the provisional era". The opposition introduces their so-called ''visnepolitik'', "whithering politics".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://danmarkshistorien.dk/leksikon-og-kilder/vis/materiale/provisorisk-finanslov-1877/|title=Provisoriske finanslove 1877 of 1885|language=da|publisher=Aarhus Universitet|access-date=2014-09-12}}</ref>
* 12 August – Six houses are washed away when [[Lønstrup]] is hit by a thunderstorm and torrential rain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kulturarv.dk/1001fortaellinger/da_DK/loenstrup-fiskerleje/stories/naturkatastrofen-1877|title=Lønstrup Fiskerhuse|language=da|publisher=Kulturstyrelsen|access-date=2014-09-12}}</ref>
* 1 December – The [[Aarhus]]–[[Ryomgård]] section of the [[Grenaa Line]] railway is opened.
===Date unknown===
* [[Aarsdale Windmill]] is completed.
* [[Nielsine Nielsen]] and [[Johanne Gleerup]] are admitted to the [[University of Copenhagen]] as Denmark's first female university students.
==Births==
===January–March===
* 2 January – [[Johannes Schmidt (biologist)|Johannes Schmidt]], biologist credited with the 1920 discovery that eels migrate to the [[Sargasso Sea]] to spawn (died [[1933 in Denmark|1933]])
* 12 February – [[Holger Scheuermann]], surgeon after whom [[Scheuermann's disease]] is named (died [[1960 in Denmark|1960]])
* 20 February – [[Albert Kongsbak]], painter (died [[1958 in Denmark|1958]])
* 28 February – [[Peder Møller (violinist)|Peder Møller]], violinist and music teacher (died [[1940 in Denmark|1940]])
* 7 March – [[Thorvald Ellegaard]], track racing cyclist (died [[1954 in Denmark|1954]])
* 15 March – [[Axel Frische]], screenwriter, actor and film director (died [[1956 in Denmark|1956]])
* 22 March – [[Einar Ambt]], architect (died [[1928 in Denmark|1928]])
===April{{ndash}}June===
* 11 April – [[Carl Alstrup]], actor and film director (died [[1942 in Denmark|1943]])
* 1 April {{ndash}} [[Valdemar Henckel]], businessman, company founder (died [[1953 in Denmark|1953]])
* 28 April – [[Frederik Draiby]], architect, first city designer of [[Aarhus]] (died [[1966 in Denmark|1966]])
* 29 May – [[Jens Hajslund]], Olympic sport shooter, bronze medalist in [[Shooting at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team free rifle|team free rifle]] at the [[1912 Summer Olympics]] (died [[1964 in Denmark|1964]])
* 8 June – [[Thorvald Aagaard]], composer (died [[1937 in Denmark|1937]])
* 27 June – [[Axel Høeg-Hansen]], architect (died [[1947 in Denmark|1947]])
===July–December===
* 1 July – [[Kay Schrøder]], Olympic fencer, competitor at the [[Fencing at the 1920 Summer Olympics|1920 Summer Olympics]] (died [[1949 in Denmark|1949]])
* 13 July – [[Erik Scavenius]], politician, [[Prime Minister of Denmark]] 1942–1943 (died [[1962 in Denmark|1962]])
* 10 August – [[Harald Bergstedt]], writer, novelist, playwright and poet (died [[1965 in Denmark|1965]])
* 22 August – [[Henning Eiler Petersen]], [[mycology|mycologist]], botanist and marine botanist (died [[1946 in Denmark|1946]])
===October{{ndash}}December===
* 2 December – [[Carl Manicus-Hansen]], gymnast, silver medalist in the team event in [[gymnastics at the 1906 Intercalated Games]] (died [[1960 in Denmark|1960]])
==Deaths==
* 30 January – [[Rudolph Rothe]], landscape architect (born [[1802 in Denmark|1802]])
* 26 February {{ndash}} [[Nicolai Jonathan Meinert]], businessman (born [[1791 in Denmark|1791]])
* 28 March – [[Henrik Nicolai Clausen]], theologian and [[National Liberal Party (Denmark)|National Liberal Party]] politician (born in [[1793 in Denmark|1793]])
* 25 April – [[Peter Faber (telegraph specialist)|Peter Faber]], songwriter, telegraphy pioneer (born [[1810 in Denmark|1810]])
* 12 October {{ndash}} [[Ole Bang]], medical doctor (born [[1788 in Denmark|1788]])
* 16 November – [[Oscar Alexander Ræder]], writer (born [[1844 in Denmark|1844]])
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Denmark year nav|19th century}}
{{Year in Europe|1877|state=expanded}}
[[Category:1877 in Denmark| ]]
[[Category:1870s in Denmark]]
[[Category:1877 by country|Denmark]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in Denmark]]
| 1,244,608,697
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1876 - 1875 - 1874": "1877 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Denmark \u00b7 \u2192 - 1878 - 1879 - 1880", "Decades": "1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s", "See also": "Other events of 1877 \u00b7 List of years in Denmark"}}]
| false
|
# 1878–79 Scottish Districts season
The 1878-79 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.
It includes the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.
## History
Due to 9 weeks of frost there was no inter-city match played this season.
The East v West match was played; in quite soft ground. The kick-off was delayed, and the players found it tough to score. The match ended nil - nil.
## Results
| Date | Try | Conversion | Penalty | Dropped goal | Goal from mark | Notes |
| --------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ------- | ------------ | -------------- | ----- |
| 1876–1885 | 1 try | 1 goal | 1 goal | 1 goal | — | |
| 1876–1885 | Match decided by a majority of goals, or if the number of goals is equal by a majority of tries | | | | | |
### Inter-City
No match played.
### Other Scottish matches
| 1 March 1879 |
| West of Scotland District | 0 - 0 | East of Scotland District |
| | Report | |
| Hamilton Crescent, Glasgow |
West of Scotland District: Robert Campbell MacKenzie (Glasgow Academicals), Malcolm Cross (Glasgow Academicals), P. Russell (West of Scotland), James Campbell (Glasgow Academicals), J. Nelson (Glasgow Academicals), Edward Ewart (Glasgow Academicals), John Blair Brown (Glasgow Academicals), Stewart Henry Smith (Glasgow Academicals), J. Colville (West of Scotland), Henry Melville Napier (West of Scotland), J. Cochrane (West of Scotland), J. Adam (West of Scotland), F. Buchanan (West of Scotland), Charles Stewart (West of Scotland), R. Drummond (Glasgow University)
East of Scotland District: J. C. Montgomery (Edinburgh Wanderers), Ninian Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), Bill Maclagan (Edinburgh Academicals), William Masters (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), William Sorley Brown (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), Alexander Petrie (Royal HSFP), Errol Smith (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), Duncan Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Bannerman (Edinburgh Academicals), Nat Brewis (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), A. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), David Somerville (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), Thomas Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), R. S. F. Henderson (Edinburgh University), N. G. Thomson (Red Cross Dundee)
### English matches
No other District matches played.
### International matches
No touring matches this season.
|
enwiki/62723091
|
enwiki
| 62,723,091
|
1878–79 Scottish Districts season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878%E2%80%9379_Scottish_Districts_season
|
2023-06-25T19:29:18Z
|
en
|
Q81466105
| 25,745
|
{{Short description|Rugby union competition}}
{{Infobox rugby union season
| image =
| countries = {{flag|Scotland}}
| date = 1878-79
| champions =
| count =
| runnersup =
| matches = 1
| attendance =
| top point scorer =
| top try scorer =
| website =
| prevseason = {{nowrap|[[1877–78 Scottish Districts season]]}}
| nextseason = {{nowrap|[[1879–80 Scottish Districts season]]}}
}}
The '''1878-79 Scottish Districts season''' is a record of all the [[rugby union]] matches for Scotland's district teams.
It includes the [[East of Scotland District (rugby union)|East of Scotland District]] versus [[West of Scotland District (rugby union)|West of Scotland District]] trial match.
==History==
Due to 9 weeks of frost there was no inter-city match played this season.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=18790224&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|title=The Glasgow Herald - Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com}}</ref>
The East v West match was played; in quite soft ground. The kick-off was delayed, and the players found it tough to score. The match ended nil - nil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=18790303&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|title=The Glasgow Herald - Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com}}</ref>
==Results==
{| class="wikitable"
!scope="col" width="100px"|Date
!scope="col" width="80px"|Try
!scope="col" width="80px"|Conversion
!scope="col" width="80px"|Penalty
!scope="col" width="80px"|Dropped goal
!scope="col" width="80px"|Goal from mark
!scope="col" width="200px"|Notes
<!--
|- style="text-align:center;
!rowspan="2"|1871–1875
|no score
|1 goal
|1 goal
|1 goal
|{{n/a}}
|rowspan="4"|
|- style="text-align:center;"
|colspan="5" | ''Match decided by a majority of goals''
-->
|- style="text-align:center; background:#F4DDE7;"
!rowspan="2" |1876–1885
|1 try
|1 goal
|1 goal
|1 goal
|{{n/a}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
|colspan="5" | ''Match decided by a majority of goals, or if the number of goals is equal by a majority of tries''
<!--
|- style="text-align:center;"
!1886–1891
|1 point
|2 points
|3 points
|3 points
|{{n/a}}
|rowspan="8"| Scoring systems after the administration of the game was taken over by the IRFB{{n/a}} now known as [[World Rugby]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
!1891–1894
|2 points
|3 points
|3 points
|4 points
|4 points
|- style="text-align:center;"
!1894–1904
|3 points
|2 points
|3 points
|4 points
|4 points
|- style="text-align:center;"
!1905–1947
|3 points
|2 points
|3 points
|4 points
|3 points
|- style="text-align:center; background:#F4DDE7;"
!1948–1970
|3 points
|2 points
|3 points
|3 points
|3 points
|- style="text-align:center;"
!1971–1977
|4 points
|2 points
|3 points
|3 points
|3 points
|- style="text-align:center;"
!1977–1991
|4 points
|2 points
|3 points
|3 points
|{{n/a}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
!1992–present
|5 points
|2 points
|3 points
|3 points
|{{n/a}}
-->
|}
===Inter-City===
No match played.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=18781209&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|title=The Glasgow Herald - Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com}}</ref>
===Other Scottish matches===
{{Rugbybox
|date = 1 March 1879
|time =
|home = [[West of Scotland District (rugby union)|West of Scotland District]]
|score = 0 - 0
|report = [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=18790303&printsec=frontpage&hl=en Report]
|away = [[East of Scotland District (rugby union)|East of Scotland District]]
|try1 =
|con1 =
|pen1 =
|try2 =
|con2 =
|pen2 =
|drop2 =
|stadium = [[Hamilton Crescent]], [[Glasgow]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
<small>'''West of Scotland District''': [[Robert Campbell MacKenzie]] (Glasgow Academicals), [[Malcolm Cross]] (Glasgow Academicals), P. Russell (West of Scotland), [[James Campbell (rugby union)|James Campbell]] (Glasgow Academicals), J. Nelson (Glasgow Academicals), [[Edward Ewart]] (Glasgow Academicals), [[John Blair Brown]] (Glasgow Academicals), [[Stewart Henry Smith]] (Glasgow Academicals), J. Colville (West of Scotland), [[Henry Melville Napier]] (West of Scotland), J. Cochrane (West of Scotland), J. Adam (West of Scotland), F. Buchanan (West of Scotland), [[Charles Stewart (rugby union)|Charles Stewart]] (West of Scotland), R. Drummond (Glasgow University)
</small>
<br/>
<small>'''East of Scotland District''': J. C. Montgomery (Edinburgh Wanderers), [[Ninian Finlay]] (Edinburgh Academicals), [[Bill Maclagan]] (Edinburgh Academicals), [[William Masters (rugby union)|William Masters]] (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), [[William Sorley Brown]] (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), [[Alexander Petrie (rugby union)|Alexander Petrie]] (Royal HSFP), Errol Smith (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), [[Duncan Irvine]] (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Bannerman (Edinburgh Academicals), [[Nat Brewis]] (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), A. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), [[David Somerville (rugby union)|David Somerville]] (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), [[Thomas Ainslie (rugby union)|Thomas Ainslie]] (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), R. S. F. Henderson (Edinburgh University), N. G. Thomson (Red Cross Dundee)</small>
===English matches===
No other District matches played.
===International matches===
No touring matches this season.
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1878-79 Scottish Districts season}}
[[Category:1878–79 in Scottish rugby union]]
[[Category:Scottish Districts seasons]]
| 1,161,906,157
|
[{"title": "1878\u201379 Scottish Districts season", "data": {"Countries": "Scotland", "Date": "1878-79", "Matches played": "1"}}]
| false
|
# 1700s (decade)
The 1700s decade ran from January 1, 1700, to December 31, 1709.
The decade is marked by a shift in the political structure of the Indian subcontinent, and the decline of the Mughal Empire.
## Events
### 1700
#### January–March
- January 1 – Protestant nations in Western Europe, except England, start using the Gregorian calendar. Catholic nations have been using the Gregorian calendar since its introduction in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII.
- January 1 (Julian) (January 11, Gregorian) – The Tsardom of Russia begins numbering its calendar from the birth of Christ (Anno Domini), instead of since the Creation (Anno Mundi).
- January 26 – At approximately 9 p.m., the Cascadia earthquake occurs in the Pacific Northwest, with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.7–9.2. This megathrust earthquake ruptures about 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) of the Cascadia Subduction Zone and causes a tsunami, that strikes the coast of Japan approximately 10 hours later.
- February 3 – The 'Lesser Great Fire' destroys a substantial part of central Edinburgh, Scotland.[1]
- February 12 – The Great Northern War begins with a joint invasion of Swedish territory in Germany and Latvia, by Denmark and Poland/Saxony. Sweden has control of the Baltic Sea and holds territory that includes Finland, Estonia, Latvia and parts of northern Germany. To challenge its power, an alliance is formed between Tsar Peter I of Russia, King Frederick IV of Denmark and Augustus II the Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony. Sweden's ruler is the militaristic Charles XII, known as the "Swedish Meteor".
- February 27 – The island of New Britain is discovered by William Dampier, in the western Pacific.[2]
- March 1 (Gregorian) – Protestant Germany and Denmark–Norway adopt the Gregorian calendar.
- March 1 (Swedish), March 11 (Gregorian), February 29 (Julian) – The Swedish calendar is adopted.
- March (early) – William Congreve's comedy The Way of the World is first performed in London.[3][4][5]
- March 3 – Shivaji II accedes to the throne of the Maratha Empire as the 4th Chhatrapati after his father Rajaram I's death.
- March 24 – The Treaty of London is signed between France, England and the Dutch Republic.[6]
#### April–June
- April 15 – The coronation of King Frederick IV of Denmark takes place at Frederiksborg Castle in Copenhagen.
- April 18 – Hungarian freedom activist Ferenc Rákóczi is arrested by Austrian authorities and charged with sedition. Imprisoned near Vienna and facing a death sentence, he escapes and later leads the overthrow of the Habsburg control of Hungary.
- April 21 – In India, the siege of the fortress of Sajjangad (located in the Maharashtra state) is begun by an army led by Fateullahakhan. The fortress falls on June 6.
- April – Fire destroys many buildings in Gondar, the capital of Ethiopia, including two in the palace complex.
- May 5 – Within a few days of poet John Dryden's death in London (May 1 O.S.), his last written work (The Secular Masque) is performed as part of Vanbrugh's version of The Pilgrim.
- May – In Rhode Island (American colony), Walter Clarke, three-term former Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is elected deputy governor for the second time, serving under his brother-in-law Samuel Cranston.
- June 8 (May 28 O.S.) – The legislature for the Province of Massachusetts Bay (the modern-day Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States) passes into law "An Act against Jesuits & Popish Priests" making a finding that Roman Catholic clerics have attempted to incite American Indians into a rebellion against the Crown, and declaring "That all and every Jesuit, Seminary Priest, Missionary, or other Spiritual or Ecclesiastical Person made or ordained by any Authority, Power or Jurisdiction derived, challenged or pretended from the Pope or See of Rome, now residing within this Province or any part thereof, shall depart from and out of the same, at or before the tenth day of September next, in this present year, One Thousand and Seven Hundred."[7] The Province of New York enacts similar legislation later in the year.
#### July–September
- July 11 – The Prussian Academy of Sciences is founded, with Gottfried Leibniz as president.[8]
- July 24 – Charles XII of Sweden counter-attacks his enemies by invading Zealand (Denmark), assisted by an Anglo-Dutch naval squadron under Sir George Rooke, rapidly compelling the Danes to submit to peace.[9]
- July 30 – Eleven-year-old Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, dies of "a malignant fever" at Windsor Castle, leaving the Protestant succession to the British throne in doubt.
- August 18 (August 7 O.S.) – The Peace of Travendal is concluded between the Swedish Empire, Denmark–Norway and Holstein-Gottorp in Traventhal. On the same day, Augustus II, King of Poland, and Peter the Great, Tsar of Russia, enter the war against Sweden.
- September 6 – Edmond Halley returns to England after a voyage of almost one year on HMS Paramour, from which he has observed the Antarctic Convergence,[10] and publishes his findings on terrestrial magnetism in General Chart of the Variation of the Compass.
- September 12 – Antioh Cantemir is deposed as the voivode of Moldavia and replaced by his predecessor Constantine Ducas.
- September 13-14 – Rising-sun hurricane of 1700 strikes the coast of South Carolina killing 98.
- September 27 – Pope Innocent XII dies at the age of 85 after a tenure of more than nine years. Fabrizio Spada, the Cardinal Secretary of State, assumes administration of the Roman Catholic Church in order to oversee the election of a new Pope.
- September – A Russian army invades Swedish Estonia, and besieges the town of Narva.[11]
#### October–December
- October 3 – The Battle of Jouami' al-Ulama takes place in Algeria with a surprise attack and ambush on the army of Murad III Bey of Tunis by two Algerian defenders, Hadj Mustapha, Dey of Algiers and Ahmed ben Ferhat, Beylik of Constantine.
- October 16 – Adrian, Patriarch of All Russia, dies after more than 10 years as head of the Russian Orthodox Church. He is replaced by the hand-picked choice of Tsar Peter the Great with the appointment of Simeon Ivanovich Yavorsky as Patriarch Stefan.
- November 1 – Charles II, the last Spanish king of the House of Habsburg, dies at the Royal Alcazar of Madrid aged 38, leaving no children; his last will makes Philip of Anjou his heir.
- November 15 – Louis XIV of France accepts the Spanish crown on behalf of his grandson Philip of Anjou of the House of Bourbon, who becomes Philip V of Spain (reigning for 44 years – with a short break – to 1746), thus triggering the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714).[12]
- November 18 – Lithuanian Civil War: Battle of Valkininkai – The anti-Sapieha coalition is victorious.
- November 23 – Cardinal Giovanni Francesco Albani, having been ordained as a Roman Catholic priest only two months earlier, is elected by the Papal conclave to succeed Pope Innocent XII, and becomes the 243rd pope, taking the name of Clement XI.
- November 30 (November 19 O.S.; November 20 Swedish calendar) – Battle of Narva in Estonia: Having led his army of 8,000 on a forced march from Denmark to Estonia, Charles XII of Sweden routs the huge Russian army.
- December 8 – The formal coronation of Pope Clement XI takes place in Rome.
- December 28 – Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester, Lord President of the Council in charge of the Privy Council, is appointed to the additional job of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, the highest Crown official in charge of administration of Ireland, .
- December 30 (December 19, O.S.) – The 4th Parliament of King William III in England is dissolved and new elections are ordered by the King.
#### Date unknown
- Mission San Xavier del Bac is founded in New Spain near Tucson, as a Spanish Roman Catholic mission. Its location had first been scouted by the Spanish in 1692.[13]
- An inventory made for the House of Medici of Florence is the first documentary evidence for a piano, invented by their instrument keeper Bartolomeo Cristofori.
- An English translation of the novel Don Quixote, "translated from the original by many hands and published by Peter Motteux", begins publication in London. While popular among readers, it will eventually come to be known as one of the worst translations of the novel, totally betraying the spirit of Miguel de Cervantes's masterpiece.[14]
- The value of sales of English manufactured products to the Atlantic economy is £3.9 million.
- Approximate date – Lions become extinct in Libya.
### 1701
#### January–June
- march 8th – Parts of the Netherlands adopt the Gregorian calendar.
- January 18 – The electorate of Brandenburg-Prussia becomes the Kingdom of Prussia, as Elector Frederick III is proclaimed King Frederick I. Prussia remains part of the Holy Roman Empire. It consists of Brandenburg, Pomerania and East Prussia. Berlin is the capital.[15]
- January 28 – Battle of Dartsedo: The Chinese storm the Tibetan border town of Dartsedo.
- February 17 (February 6, 1700 O.S.) – The 5th Parliament of William III in England assembles. Future British Prime Minister Robert Walpole enters the House of Commons for the first time and soon makes his name as a spokesman for Whig policy.
- April 20th – Mecklenburg-Strelitz is created as a north German duchy.
- June 9 – Safavid troops retreat from Basra, ending a three year occupation.[16]
#### April–June
- April 21 – In Japan, the young daimyō Asano Naganori is ordered to commit seppuku (ritual suicide). A group of 47 samurai of his service begin planning to avenge his death.
- May 23 – Scottish-born Captain William Kidd, having been imprisoned in Boston Gaol (Massachusetts) and Newgate Prison (London) and convicted by the High Court of Admiralty of piracy and the murder of one of his crew, is hanged at Execution Dock in Wapping (London).[2] His body suffers gibbeting over the River Thames at Tilbury Point; ballads are already spreading the legend that he has left buried treasure in the Americas.[17]
- June 24 – The Act of Settlement 1701 is passed by the Parliament of England, to exclude the Catholic Stuarts from the British monarchy. Under its terms, King William III, childless, will be succeeded by Queen Mary II's sister Princess Anne and her descendants. If Anne should have no descendants, she will be succeeded by Sophia of Hanover and her descendants (hence the Hanoverian Succession in 1714).
- June 28 – The Myrton baronets, a British nobility title is created.[18]
#### July–September
- July 9 – The Battle of Carpi, the first skirmish in the War of the Spanish Succession, takes place in Italy when French troops under the command of Nicolas Catinat are attacked by Austrian forces led by Prince Eugene of Savoy.[19]
- July 19 – Crossing of the Düna: Following his victories over Denmark-Norway and Russia in 1700, Charles XII of Sweden escalates the conflict in the Great Northern War by an invasion of Poland. The Swedish defeat the army of Saxony (then in personal union with Poland) at the River Dvina.
- July 24 – A French emporium named Fort Ponchartrain is founded along the west side of the Detroit River in North America, and later becomes the site of the city of Detroit.
- August 4 – The Great Peace of Montreal is signed, ending 100 years of war between the Iroquois Confederacy and New France, and its Huron and Algonquian allies. Formerly allied with the English, the treaty assures the Iroquois will be neutral, if France and England ever resume hostilities.
- September 16 – Deposed King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) dies in exile, at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye in France. His supporters, the Jacobites, turn to his son James Francis Edward Stuart (later called "The Old Pretender"), whom they recognise as James VIII and III. Louis XIV of France, the Papal States and Spain also recognise him as the rightful heir.[20]
#### October–December
- October 9 – The Collegiate School of Connecticut (later renamed Yale University) is chartered in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.
- November 2 – King Philip V of Spain marries for the first time, to 13-year-old Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy, who serves as Queen Consort until her death from tuberculosis at the age of 25.
- November 11 (O.S., November 22 N.S.) – The House of Commons of England is dissolved by King William III and new elections are called for all 531 seats.[21]
- December 29 (O.S., January 9, 1702 N.S.) – The Battle of Erastfer takes place near what becomes Erastvere in Estonia, as a large Russian force commanded by Boris Sheremetev invades Swedish Livonia and overwhelms a smaller force led by Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach in the first significant Russian victory in the Great Northern War.
#### Date unknown
- English agriculturalist Jethro Tull invents a drill for planting seeds in rows.
- The Philharmonic Society (Academia Philharmonicorum) is established in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
### 1702
#### January–March
- January 2 – A total solar eclipse is visible from the southern Pacific Ocean.
- January 12 – In North America, ships from Fort Maurepas arrive at Twenty-Seven Mile Bluff to build Fort Louis de la Mobile (future Mobile, Alabama), to become the capital of French Louisiana.
- February 1 – The Duc de Villeroy, commander of the French Army, is taken as a prisoner of war by the Austrian Army during the Battle of Cremona (War of the Spanish Succession).
- March 3 (February 20 O.S.) – King William III of England is fatally injured in an accident when he is thrown from his horse, "Sorrel", when it trips on a molehill in Hampton Court Park near London. Already in poor health before the accident, he dies from complications 16 days later at the age of 51.[22]
- March 14 – An earthquake in the middle of the Calore valley in Italy, east of Benevento, kills 400 people.
- March 19 (March 8 Old Style) – Princess Anne Stuart, daughter of the late King James II and younger sister of his successor, Mary II of England (who had reigned jointly with her husband, William III, as William and Mary until her death in 1694), ascends the English, Scottish and Irish thrones upon William's death. In her first speech to the English Parliament, made three days later, she tells the assembly "As I know my heart to be entirely English, I can very sincerely assure you there is not anything you can expect or desire from me which I shall not be ready to do for the happiness and prosperity of England."[23] Anne is the mother of 17 children by her husband, Prince George of Denmark and Norway, but none will survive childhood, and she will die without an heir, bringing an end to the reign of the House of Stuart and enabling the Hanoverian Succession. After the death of William, the States General of the Netherlands do not appoint a new stadtholder, and so the Dutch Republic becomes a true republic again, starting the Second Stadtholderless Period.
- March 22 (March 11 Old Style) – The first regular English-language national newspaper, The Daily Courant, begins publication[2] on Fleet Street in the City of London, initially by Elizabeth Mallet; it covers only foreign news.
- March 24 – Great Northern War: Battle of Darsūniškis – The Swedish army of about 240 men under the command of Alexander Hummerhielm is defeated by the Polish–Saxon army of 6,000 men under Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki.
#### April–June
- April 3 – The Dutch East India Company ship Merestein strikes rocks and sinks in Saldanha Bay off Jutten Island, Africa with the loss of 101 of the 200 people on board.
- April 14 – Volcanic eruption of Changbaishan volcano (also known as Paektu Mountain) on the China/Korea border takes place.
- April 15 – The British Province of New Jersey, encompassing all of the modern-day U.S. state of New Jersey and portions of New York, is created as proprietary owners in the provinces of East Jersey and West Jersey surrender their rights to the Crown.[24]
- April 20 – Comet C/1702 H1 is discovered and passes within 0.0435 AU (a little more than four million miles or 6.5 million km) of the Earth.
- April 24 – The first two missionaries from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts set sail from England to North America.
- May 5 – Globular cluster Messier 5 (M5, NGC 5904) is discovered by Gottfried Kirch and his wife Maria Margarethe.
- May 6 – Cloudesley Shovell is promoted to full admiral in the English navy.
- May 14 (N.S.) – War of the Spanish Succession: War is declared on France by the Grand Alliance (Kingdom of England, Dutch Republic and Holy Roman Empire).
- May 15 (May 4 O.S.) – King Charles XII of Sweden and his troops walk unopposed into Warsaw after troops capture the city.[25]
- May 16 – Much of the city of Uppsala, Sweden is destroyed in a fire.
- May 19 – Over 90% of the city of Bergen, Norway is destroyed and reduced to ashes in a Great Fire.
- June 2 – English General John Churchill, later the Duke of Marlborough, takes command of the alliance of English, Dutch and German troops in the War of the Spanish Succession.[26]
- June 11 – Anglo-Dutch forces skirmish with French forces before the walls of Nijmegen and prevent its fall.[27]
- June 15 – Queen Anne's Captain-General, John Churchill, forces the surrender of Kaiserswerth on the Rhine after a siege that began on April 18.[28]
- June 16 – The English East India Company founds a settlement on Pulo Condore (modern-day Côn Sơn Island) off the coast of southern Vietnam as an entrepôt for ships travelling between India and China.
- June 25 – The premiere of the opera L'Offendere per amore overo la Telesilla by Johann Joseph Fux takes place in Vienna.
#### July–September
- July 19 (July 8 O.S.; July 9 Swedish calendar) – Great Northern War: Battle of Klissow – Charles XII of Sweden decisively defeats the Polish–Lithuanian-Saxon army.
- July 23 – The first performance of the opera Médus, roi des Mèdes by François Bouvard takes place at the Paris Opera.
- July 24
- Camisard hostilities begin in France with the assassination at le Pont-de-Montvert of a local embodiment of royal oppression, François Langlade, the Abbé of Chaila.[28]
- A total eclipse of the sun is visible on a path crossing the northern Pacific Ocean and Central America.
- July 30 (July 19 O.S.; July 20 Swedish calendar) – Great Northern War: Battle of Hummelshof – Russia defeats Sweden.
- August 11 – Great Northern War: Częstochowa, Poland, is captured by the Swedish army.
- August 15 – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Luzzara – Forces of the Holy Roman Empire fail to break through the French-Savoyard position in Lombardy.
- September 12 – The Siege of Landau (War of the Spanish Succession) ends after 3 months with forces of the Holy Roman Empire capturing the fortress town in the Rhineland-Palatinate from a French garrison.
- September 19 – Jupiter occults Neptune.
- September 25 – General John Churchill forces the surrender of Venlo on the Meuse River.[28]
- September 30 – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Cádiz – A month-long Anglo-Dutch amphibious operation under English Admiral Sir George Rooke fails to take the Spanish port.[29]
#### October–December
- October 1 – The founding deed of the University of Wrocław is signed by the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I of the House of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia.
- October 7 – Great Northern War: Russian troops besiege the Swedish fortress of Nöteborg, and capture it after 15 days.
- October 14 – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Friedlingen – France defeats forces of the Holy Roman Empire.
- October 18 – Queen Anne's War: Battle of Flint River – Spanish and Apalachee Indian forces fail in their attack against Creek Indians, supported by English traders, in the modern-day U.S. state of Georgia.
- October 19 – The opera Der Sieg der fruchtbaren Pomona by Reinhard Keiser is premiered at the Hamburg Opera for the birthday of King Frederick IV of Denmark.
- October 23 – War of the Spanish Succession:
- Battle of Vigo Bay – Anglo-Dutch naval forces under English Admiral Sir George Rooke capture the defended Spanish port of Cádiz and take or destroy all the Spanish treasure fleet and escorting French warships there.[29]
- Churchill forces the surrender of Liège.
- October 27 – Queen Anne's War in North America: English troops plunder St. Augustine, Spanish Florida.
- October 28 – Sieur Juchereau, Lieutenant General of Montréal, establishes the first trading post on the Wabash River in order to trade buffalo hides with American Indians. The site of the trading post may be the modern-day location of Vincennes, Indiana.
- November 7 – The first performance of the opera Tancrède by André Campra takes place at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris.
- November 10 – Queen Anne's War in North America: The Siege of St. Augustine opens as English forces besiege St. Augustine, Spanish Florida.
- November 15 – The opera La Clemenza d'Augusto by Johann Joseph Fux is premiered in Vienna.
- November 22 – The Dutch East India Company ship Amsterdam (1691) founders en route from Bombay to Basra during a storm with the loss of all hands.
- December 14 – John Churchill is created duke of Marlborough.
- December 30 – Queen Anne's War: The Siege of St. Augustine in Spanish Florida is lifted.
#### Date unknown
- The travel diary Oku no Hosomichi ("Narrow road to the deep north"), a major work of haibun by the Japanese poet Matsuo Bashō and one of the major texts of Japanese literature of the Edo period, is published eight years after Bashō's death.
- The Delaware Colony legislature is separated from that of Pennsylvania.
- Richard Bentley at Cambridge in England introduces the first written (as opposed to oral) competitive examinations in a Western university.[30]
### 1703
#### January–March
- January 9 – The Jamaican town of Port Royal, a center of trade in the Western Hemisphere and at this time the largest city in the Caribbean, is destroyed by a fire. British ships in the harbor are able to rescue much of the merchandise that has been unloaded on the docks, but the inventory in market-places in town is destroyed.[31]
- January 14 – 1703 Apennine earthquakes: The magnitude 6.7 Norcia earthquake affects Central Italy with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). With a death toll of 6,240–9,761, it is the first in a sequence of three destructive events.
- January 16 – 1703 Apennine earthquakes: The magnitude 6.2 Montereale earthquake causes damage at Accumoli, Armatrice, Cittareale and Montereale, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe).
- January 30 (December 14 of previous year in the Chinese calendar) – Akō incident: In Japan, forty-seven rōnin (independent samurai) assassinate daimyō Kira Yoshinaka, the enemy of their former lord Asano Naganori, at his own mansion as a vengeance; for which they are compelled to commit suicide on March 20.
- February 2 – 1703 Apennine earthquakes: The magnitude 6.7 L'Aquila earthquake affects Central Italy, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). In the final large event (an example of Coulomb stress transfer), damage occurs as far distant as Rome, with landslides, liquefaction, slope failures and at least 2,500 deaths.
- February 20–March 10 – War of the Spanish Succession: Siege of Kehl – French forces under the command of the Duc de Villars capture the fortress of the Holy Roman Empire at Kehl, opposite Strasbourg on the Rhine.
- February – Soldiers at Fort Louis de la Mobile celebrate Mardi Gras in Mobile, starting the tradition for Mobile, Alabama.
- March 1 – The Recruiting Act 1703 goes into effect in England, providing for the forcible enlistment of able-bodied but unemployed men into the English Army and Royal Navy in order to fight in Queen Anne's War in North America. The Act expires at the end of February 1704.
- March 15 – The landmark English court case of Rose v Royal College of Physicians is decided by the Court of Queen's Bench, beginning the end of the monopoly that the Royal College of Physicians has over the practice of medicine.
- March 19 – The Siege of Guadeloupe begins as an English expeditionary force, led by Christopher Codrington and Hovenden Walker, lands at Basse-Terre and attempts to take over the French-held island. The English fleet departs on May 15 after being unable to capture Guadeloupe.[32]
- March 20 (February 4 in the Chinese calendar) – 46 of the forty-seven rōnin of Japan carry out an order of seppuku (ritual suicide) for the killing they committed on January 30. The punishment is given by the shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi. The story continues to be dramatized more than 300 years later in Chūshingura theater, novels and film.
- March 21 – Jeanne Guyon is freed from the Bastille in Paris after more than seven years imprisonment for heresy.
#### April–June
- April 21 – The Company of Quenching of Fire (i.e., a fire brigade) is founded in Edinburgh, Scotland.
- May 26 – Portugal joins the Grand Alliance.
- May 27 (May 16 OS) – The city of Saint Petersburg, Russia is founded, following Peter the Great's reconquest of Ingria from Sweden during the Great Northern War.
- June 15 – Rákóczi's War of Independence: Hungarians rebel under Prince Francis II Rákóczi.
- June 19 – Bavarian troops, who during the so-called Bavarian Rummel have invaded Tyrol, besiege Kufstein. Fires break out on the outskirts that engulf the town, destroy it and reach the powder store of the supposedly impregnable fortress. The enormous gunpowder supplies explode and Kufstein has to surrender on June 20. This same day the Tyrolese surrender in Wörgl; two days later Rattenberg is captured and Innsbruck is cleared without a fight on June 25.
- June 30 – Battle of Ekeren (War of the Spanish Succession): The French surround a smaller Dutch force, which however breaks out and retires to safety.
- June – The completed 1703 Icelandic census is presented in the Althing, the first complete census of any country.
#### July–September
- July 26 – After their victories at the Pontlatzer Bridge and the Brenner Pass, Tyrolese farmers drive out the Bavarian Elector, Maximilian II Emanuel, from North Tyrol and thus prevent the Bavarian Army, which is allied with France, from marching on Vienna during the War of the Spanish Succession. This success, at low cost, is the signal for the rebellion of the Tyrolese against Bavaria, and Elector Maximilian II Emanuel has to flee from Innsbruck. The Bavarian Army withdraws through Seefeld in Tirol back to Bavaria.
- July 29–31 – Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory in London, then imprisoned until mid-November for the crime of seditious libel after publishing his satirical political pamphlet The Shortest Way with the Dissenters (1702).
- August 23 – Edirne event: Sultan Mustafa II of the Ottoman Empire is dethroned.
- September 7 – War of the Spanish Succession: The town of Breisach is retaken for France by Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard.
- September 12 – War of the Spanish Succession: Habsburg Archduke Charles is proclaimed King of Spain, but never exercises full rule.
#### October–December
- October 11 – Nine Roman Catholic residents of the French village of Sainte-Cécile-d'Andorge are massacred by a mob of more than 800 French Huguenot Protestants, the Camisards. A reprisal against Protestants in the nearby village of Branoux is made less than three weeks later.
- October 23 – Hannah Twynnoy, a 24-year-old barmaid in Malmesbury, Wiltshire, becomes the first person to be killed in Great Britain by a tiger. While working at the White Lion Inn, where a group of wild animals is on exhibit, she is mauled after bothering the tiger.
- October 30 – More than 47 Huguenots in the village of Branoux-les-Taillades are massacred by Roman Catholic vigilantes in reprisal for the October 11 attack on nearby Sainte-Cécile, slightly more than two miles away.
- November 15
- War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Speyerbach (in modern-day Germany) – The French defeat a German relief army, allowing the French to take the besieged town of Landau two days later, for which Tallard is made a Marshal of France.
- Rákóczi's War of Independence: Battle of Zvolen (in modern-day Slovakia) – The Kurucs defeat the Austrians and their allies (Denmark, Hungary and the Serbs).
- November 19 – The so-called Man in the Iron Mask dies in the Bastille. He is buried under the name of "Marchioly".
- November 30 – Isaac Newton is elected president of the Royal Society of London, a position he will hold until his death in 1727.
- December 7–10 (November 26–29 O.S.) – The Great Storm of 1703, an extratropical cyclone, ravages southern England and the English Channel, killing at least 8,000, mostly at sea. The Eddystone Lighthouse off Plymouth is destroyed in the storm together with its designer Henry Winstanley[33] and many buildings on land are damaged.
- December 27 – Portugal and England sign the Methuen Treaty, which gives preference to Portuguese wines imported into England.
- December 28 – Ahmed III succeeds the deposed Mustafa II as Ottoman Emperor.
#### Date unknown
- French-born imposter George Psalmanazar arrives in London.
- Between 1702 and 1703 – An epidemic of smallpox breaks out in Quebec, in which 2,000-3,000 people die (300-400 in Quebec City).[34]
### 1704
#### January–March
- January 7 – Partial solar eclipse, Solar Saros 146, is visible in Antarctica.
- January 25–26 – Apalachee massacre: English colonists from the Province of Carolina, and their native allies, stage a series of brutal raids against a largely pacific population of Apalachee, in Spanish Florida.
- February 28 – Establishment of the first school open to African-Americans in New York City by Frenchman Elias Neau.
- February 29 – Raid on Deerfield (Queen Anne's War): French Canadians and Native Americans sack Deerfield, Massachusetts, killing over 50 English colonists.
- February – In America, Mardi Gras is celebrated with the Masque de la Mobile in the capital of Louisiana (New France), Mobile, Alabama.
- March 7 – War of the Spanish Succession: Prince Karl of Habsburg, brother of Joseph I, the Holy Roman Emperor and a pretender to the throne of Spain, arrives in Portugal on the English warship HMS Royal Katherine as part of George Rooke's English fleet sailing into Lisbon.
- March 23 – War of the Spanish Succession: The English Navy ships HMS Kent, HMS Bedford and HMS Antelope intercept two newly-built Spanish warships, Porta Coeli and Santa Teresa off of the coast of Cape Spartel, as the Spaniards attempt to sail into the Strait of Gibraltar. The two Spanish ships are captured after a seven-hour battle and taken toward Lisbon, but the Santa Teresa sinks along the way.
#### April–June
- April 21 – Battle of Biskupice: The Hungarians (Kurucs) win a costly victory over the Danes.
- April 24 – The first regular newspaper in the Thirteen Colonies of British North America, The Boston News-Letter, is published.
- May 19–23 – Vigorous Strombolian activity from Mount Vesuvius, Italy is recorded.
- May 28 – Battle of Smolenice: Kuruc rebels defeat the Austrian army and its allies.
- June 2 – Annular solar eclipse is visible from a region of the Southern Ocean between South Africa and Antarctica.
- June 13 – Battle of Koroncó: Austrians and their allies from Denmark, Prussia, Croatia, Germany and Vojvodina defeat the Kurucs.
- June 17 – Total lunar eclipse takes place, Saros series 125.
#### July–September
- July – Daniel Defoe documents the Great Storm of 1703 in England, with eyewitness testimonies, in The Storm.
- July 12 – Great Northern War – King Charles XII of Sweden forces the election of his ally Stanisław Leszczyński as King of Poland, in place of Augustus II the Strong.
- August 3 (July 23 Old Style) – War of the Spanish Succession – Gibraltar is captured from Spain, by English and Dutch forces under Sir George Rooke.[35]
- August 7 – Battle of Orford Ness.
- August 13 (August 2 OS) – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Blenheim: Allied troops under John Churchill, Earl of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy defeat the Franco-Bavarian army.
- August 24 (August 13 OS) – War of the Spanish Succession – The French and Anglo-Dutch fleets clash off Málaga, causing heavy casualties on both sides, but without sinking any ships.
- September 8 – War of the Spanish Succession – The Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar by French and Spanish troops begins.
- September 12 – War of the Spanish Succession: The siege of the French-held German town of Landau, by Holy Roman Empire troops under the command of Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden-Baden begins and lasts for more than ten weeks before the French surrender on November 23. During the siege, the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I visits the area in a newly-developed vehicle, a convertible horse-drawn carriage that has a removable roof. The style of vehicle itself is later called a "landau".
- September 28 – Damat Hasan Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, is removed from office by Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III, and replaced by Kalaylikoz Ahmed Pasha.
#### October–December
- October 24 – A peace treaty is signed between Prince Ferenc Rákóczi of Transylvania, and representatives of the Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold I at Schemnitz (now the Slovakian town of Banská Štiavnica)
- October 28 – Great Northern War: The Battle of Poniec takes place as King Charles XII leads Swedish troops in pursuit of the Saxon Army commanded by General Johann von der Schulenburg. The Swedes are forced to retreat despite surrounding the Saxons, and Schulenburg's troops escape.
- November 11 – Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar: A Spanish Bourbon special forces battalion, guided by Simon Susarte, scales the steepest side of the Rock of Gibraltar in an attempt to surprise the British defenders, and kills the English sentries who have been manning the lookout. The attack is foiled the next day when a drummer boy, who was bringing food to the sentries, spots the invaders and raises the alarm.
- November 26 – The inauguration of the newly built Kastelskirken takes place in Copenhagen, Denmark.
- November 27 – Annular solar eclipse is visible through Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, eastern China, Myanmar and northern Philippines.
- December 6 – Battle of Chamkaur: During the Mughal-Sikh Wars, an outnumbered Sikh Khalsa defeats a Mughal army.
- December 25 – The fall of the meteorite of Barcelona is seen and heard over distances up to hundreds of kilometres and is interpreted as a divine sign.
#### Date unknown
- Great Northern War: Russian troops under Tsar Peter the Great capture Tartu and Narva.
- The Sultanate of Brunei cedes its north-east territories to the Sultanate of Sulu.
- The lower three counties of the Province of Pennsylvania become the colony of Delaware.
- An earthquake strikes Gondar, Ethiopia.
- Tenerife's earliest recorded volcanic eruption takes place from three fissure emission centres: Siete Fuentes, Fasnia and Arafo.
- A Tale of a Tub, the first major satire by Jonathan Swift (written 1694–1697), is published in London, running through three editions this year.
- Isaac Newton publishes his Opticks. He also predicts that the world will end in 2060.
- The Students' Monument is built in Aiud, Romania.
- Chinese Rites controversy: Rome decrees that Roman ceremonial practice in Latin (not in Chinese) is to be the law for Chinese missions.
- Nerchinsky Zavod is founded in the Nerchinsko-Zavodsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia by Greek mining engineers.
- Thomas Darley purchases the bay Arabian horse Darley Arabian in Aleppo, Syria, and ships him to stud in England, where he becomes the most important foundation sire of all modern thoroughbred racing bloodstock.
- Giancomo Miraldi observes Martian polar ice caps as "white spots" at the Martian poles.
### 1705
#### January–March
- January 8 – George Frideric Handel's first opera, Almira, is premiered in Hamburg.
- January 31 – The Hester, a British 28-gun sailing ship with a crew of 70, is lost in Persia.
- February 7 – The Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar begins as Marshal René de Froulay de Tessé of the French Army supplements the Spanish forces of the Marquis of Villadarias and seizes control of a strategic fortress, the Round Tower, but the forces retreat after a counterattack kills 200 of their number in the retaking of the Tower
- February 25 – George Frideric Handel's opera Nero premieres in Hamburg.[36]
- February 26 – A French Navy fleet of 18 warships, commanded by Admiral Desjean, the Baron de Pointis arrives in the Bay of Gibraltar to aid the French and Spanish attempt to retake Gibraltar from England.
- March 8 – The Province of Carolina incorporates the town of Bath, making it the first incorporated town in present-day North Carolina. The town becomes the political center and de facto capital of the northern portion of the Province of Carolina, until Edenton is incorporated in 1722.
- March 14 – Queen Anne gives royal assent to the Alien Act 1705, setting a deadline of December 25, 1705, for Scotland's parliament to authorize negotiations for the union with England to create the Kingdom of Great Britain and, if Scotland fails to do so, threatening that unless Scotland agrees to negotiate terms for union and accepts the Hanoverian succession by 25 December 1705, there would be a ban on the import of all Scottish staple products into England and Scots would also lose the privileges of Englishmen under English law - thus endangering rights to any property they held in England.[37][38]
- March 31 (March 20 O.S.) – The Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar ends as a fleet of warships from the navies of England, Portugal and the Netherlands, commanded by English Admiral John Leake, arrives at the Bay of Gibraltar with 35 warships and English and Portuguese troops. In the battle that follows, five of the French Navy's ships are sunk and Admiral Desjean is seriously wounded, forcing the French and Spanish to retreat.
#### April–June
- April 5 – Anne, Queen of England dissolves the English House of Commons that had been elected in 1702, and orders new elections.
- April 9 – The Queen's Theatre opens in Westminster to serve as an opera house, premiering with Gli amori di ergasto ("The Loves of Ergasto"), an Italian language opera by German composer Jakob "Giacomo" Greber. It remains in operation for more than 300 years, becoming Her Majesty's Theatre.
- April 16 – Queen Anne of England honours Isaac Newton with a Knight Bachelor.
- May 5 – Joseph I succeeds his father Leopold I as the Holy Roman Emperor.[39]
- May 7 – Voting begins for 110 constituencies of the 513-member House of Commons of England (including Wales)
- June 6 – Voting ends in the election of the English House of Commons, with the Tories retaining their majority but losing 38 seats, while the Whigs gain 49 seats. The balance in the 513 seats is 260 for the Tories, 233 for the Whigs, 20 for other candidates.
- June 20 – The Pact of Genoa is signed by representatives of England and the Spanish Principality of Catalonia as a military alliance providing for English troops to be stationed in Catalonia as part of the War of Spanish Succession.
#### July–September
- July 11 – José de Grimaldo, the Marquis of Grimaldo, becomes the head of government of Spain after being appointed by King Philip V as the Secretary of the Universal Bureau
- July 14 – The newly-elected English House of Commons, last to serve before the union with Scotland that produces Great Britain, is opened by Queen Anne.
- July 15 – Al-Husayn I ibn Ali becomes the first Bey of Tunis, founding the Husainid Dynasty that rules Tunisia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1957
- July 18 – War of the Spanish Succession: At the Battle of Elixheim, near the city of Tienen (in modern-day Belgium), is fought, as an exhausted group of soldiers under the command of England's Duke of Marlborough kills 3,000 French troops under the command of the Duc de Valleroy, and forces the retreat of the others, breaking the "Lines of Brabant". Because his soldiers had marched all night and then fought the battle over a full day, Marlborough is unable to send them in pursuit of Villeroy's troops.
- July 20 – The planet Mercury transits Jupiter, as seen by astronomers from Earth. The event happens again on October 4, 1708, but will not be seen again from Earth until October 27, 2088
- July 26 – Great Northern War: At the Battle of Gemauerthof, fought in modern-day Latvia, Swedish forces under the command of General Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt overwhelm a much larger force of Russian troops commanded by Count Boris Sheremetev, killing 2,000 Russians and wounding as many as 3,000.
- July 31 – The Battle of Warsaw is fought near Warsaw, Poland in the Great Northern War.
- August 16–18 – In an Atlantic tropical cyclone across Cuba and Florida, four ships are lost and there are many casualties.
- August 31–September 5 – War of the Spanish Succession: The Siege of Zoutleeuw is carried out by the alliance of Dutch, English, Scottish and Holy Roman Empire troops against the French-held fortress of Zoutleeuw (in modern-day Belgium)
- September 17 – First Javanese War of Succession: On the island of Java in the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia), Pakubuwono I becomes the new Sultan of Martaram, capturing Kartosuro and deposing Sultan Amangkurat III.
- September 20 – Francis II Rákóczi is proclaimed as the ruler of Hungary by independence activists in Szécsény who are opposed to the rule of the Habsburg successor to Leopold I, the Holy Roman emperor Joseph I.
- September 24 (O.S.) – Stanisław Leszczyński is crowned as King of Poland.
#### October–December
- October 3 – Thirty-one people are killed in a colliery explosion at the Stony Flatt pit in Gateshead, Northumberland, England.
- October 4 (N.S.) – Stanisław Leszczyński is crowned Stanisław I of Poland.
- November – In Williamsburg, capital of the Colony of Virginia in America, construction of the Capitol Building is completed.
- November 5 – The Dublin Gazette of Ireland publishes its first edition.
- November 15 – Battle of Zsibó: The Austrian-Danish forces defeat the Kurucs (Hungarians).
- November 16 – An annular solar eclipse is visible in the southern Atlantic Ocean.
- November 23 – The premiere of the play Ulysses by Nicholas Rowe takes place in London.
- November 24 – An earthquake is recorded in Syria, northeast of Damascus.
- November 28 – The Treaty of Warsaw was concluded between the Swedish Empire and the faction of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth loyal to Stanisław Leszczyński during the Great Northern War.
- December – The Sophia Naturalization Act is passed by the English Parliament, which naturalizes Sophia of Hanover and the "issue of her body" as English subjects.
- December 13 – In the Battle of Saint Gotthard, the Hungarian army is victorious.
- December 25 – In Munich, capital of Bavaria, 1,100 militiamen from the Oberland are killed during the Sendlinger Mordweihnacht, after a failed attempt to break through several gates and capture a depot to seize better weaponry; many men were slaughtered by German federal infantry and Hungarian Hussars, despite their capitulation to Austrian officers.
- December 26 – Fateh Singh and Zorawar Singh, sons of Guru Gobind Singh, are murdered by Wazir Khan for refusing to convert to Islam, and become hallowed martyrs in Sikhism.
- December 29 – The premiere of the play Idoménée by Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon takes place in Paris.
#### Date unknown
- Construction begins on Blenheim Palace, in Oxfordshire, England; it is completed in 1724.
- Taichung City, Taiwan is founded as the village of Dadun.
- With the interest paid from daimyō loans, the Konoike buy a tract of ponds and swampland, turn the land into rice paddies, and settle 480 households numbering perhaps 2,880 peasants on the land.
- The Shogunate confiscates the property of a merchant in Osaka "for conduct unbecoming a member of the commercial class". The government seizes 50 pairs of gold screens, 360 carpets, several mansions, 48 granaries and warehouses scattered around the country, and hundreds of thousands of gold pieces.
### 1706
#### January–March
- January 26
- War of Spanish Succession: The uprising by Bavarians against the occupation of the Electorate of Bavaria by Austrian troops ends after 75 days, and ends the plans of Maximilian, the Elector of Bavaria, to bring Bavaria under the rule of the House of Wittelsbach.
- Great Northern War – Battle of Grodno: A coalition of 34,000 Swedish and Polish troops besieges the then-Lithuanian city in the winter time, and clashes with 41,000 Russian and Saxon troops. After almost three months of fighting that lasts to April 10, Sweden takes control of the city, which is now located in Belarus.
- February 6 – The city of Albuquerque, New Mexico, is incorporated by governor Don Francisco Cuervo y Valdes as La Villa de Alburquerque in the Spanish colonial province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México in New Spain. Governor Cuervo sends a report on April 23 to the Spanish Crown and to New Spain's Governor, Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 10th Duke of Alburquerque announcing that the new villa, consisting of 35 families and having a population of 252 adults, has been named in honor of the Duke. [40]
- February 13 – Great Northern War – Battle of Fraustadt: Outnumbered more than 4 to 1 in infantry troops, and more than 2 to 1 overall, Swedish troops under the command of General Carl Gustaf Rehnskiöld defeat a larger force of 20,000 Russian and Saxon infantry and cavalry.
- March 21 – Mary Channing, who was pregnant at the time that she was convicted of the murder of her husband, is burned at the stake at Dorset, in front of a crowd of 10,000 onlookers.
- March 27 – Concluding that Emperor Iyasus I of Ethiopia has abdicated by retiring to a monastery, a council of high officials appoint Tekle Haymanot I Emperor of Ethiopia.
- March 31 – The last Courts (parliament) of the Principality of Catalonia are finished; their dissolution is presided over by King Charles III of Spain.
#### April–June
- April 10 – The Battle of Grodno ends with a Swedish victory over Russian troops.
- April 27 – War of the Spanish Succession: After a siege of 14 days, a French and Spanish army retakes control of Barcelona, which had been captured by England's army in 1705.
- May 12 – A total eclipse of the Sun takes place and is visible in most of Europe, with a path crossing modern-day Spain, France, Germany, Poland and Russia
- May 23 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Ramillies: English, Dutch, German, Swiss and Scottish troops led by John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, defeat Franco-Bavarian forces in the Low Countries.
- June 9 – Frederick IV of Denmark-Norway sends the first two Protestant missionaries to India, dispatching Lutherans Heinrich Plütcshau and Bartholomeus Ziegenbalg to Denmark-Norway's colony in India, the Dansk Ostindien, based at Tharangambadi ("Tranquebar") in what is now the Tamil Nadu state.
- June 11 – In Tibet, Lha-bzang Khan, khan of the Khoshut, kills the regent and kidnaps the 6th Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso, and kills the Lama's regent.
- June 28 – War of the Spanish Succession: Troops dispatched from Portugal capture Madrid and proclaim the Habsburg dynasty's Archduke Charles of Austria to be the King Carlos III of Spain, after the Bourbon ruler, Philip V, has fled.
- June 29 – Flemish Jesuit missionary François Noël is welcomed in China by the Kangxi Emperor at the Forbidden City in Beijing, and discusses the Emperor's disdain over the disapproval of Jesuit accommodation of Confucian rites by the Roman Catholic Church.
#### July–September
- July 22 – The Treaty of Union between Scotland and England is agreed upon in London, for ratification by the national legislatures.[41]
- August 4 – War of the Spanish Succession: The Spanish Bourbon armies of King Philip V retake Madrid from the Portuguese and Habsburg Austria troops that had entered the city in June.
- August 18 – King Louis XIV of France makes his last visit to Paris, and gets an update on the construction of the veterans' hospital at the Dome des Invalides, which he had commissioned more than 35 years earlier.
- September 7 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Turin: Forces of Austria and Savoy defeat the French near what is now the Italian city of Torino.
#### October–December
- October 13
- Augustus II, known as August der Starke (Augustus the Strong), Elector of Saxony, having ruled as King of Poland since 1706, signs the Treaty of Altranstädt (1706), renouncing all claims to the throne to settle his fight with Sweden during the Great Northern War.
- Iyasu I, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1682, is assassinated on the island of Tana, on orders of his son, Tekle Haymanot I, who has ruled in Iyasu's place. After being crowned as the new Emperor, Tekle Haymanot is stabbed to death in 1708 on orders of Iyasu's brother, Tewoflos.
- October – Twinings founder, Thomas Twining, opens the first known tea room at 216 Strand, London, still open as of 2024.[42][43][44]
- November 4 – The Parliament of Scotland votes, 116 to 83, to approve the merger of Scotland with England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. [45]
- November 6 – A British attempt to conquer the Canary Islands fails when a fleet of 12 Royal Navy warships, commanded by Admiral John Jennings is forced to retreat after being met by a heavy artillery attack while sailing into Santa Cruz Bay
- November 15 – Five months after having been deposed from his position as the Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso disappears while in exile in Qinghai and is presumed to have been murdered.
- November 28 – The royal wedding of Prussia takes place in Berlin between the 18-year-old Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm and his bride Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, the 19-year-old daughter of the future King George I of Great Britain.
- December 9 – João V becomes the new King of Portugal upon the death of his father, Dom Pedro II, and begins a reign of 43 years.
- December 14 – Spanish General Alexandre Maître, Marquis de Bay leads the successful capture of Alcántara from Portugal
- December 31 – François Martin, the first Governor General of French India (now part of India's union territory of Puducherry, retires after seven years and is replaced by Pierre Dulivier.
### 1707
#### January–March
- January 1 – John V is crowned King of Portugal and the Algarves in Lisbon.
- January 16 – The Treaty (or Act) of Union, of the two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, is ratified by the Parliament of Scotland by a vote of 110 to 68. [46]
- February 4 – Great Northern War: Eighteen months after losing the Battle of Warsaw, while leading a cavalry charge for Saxony against the army of Sweden, General Otto von Paykull of Swedish Livonia is beheaded outside of Stockholm, following his conviction for treason.
- February 15 – As part of the process of the unification of Scotland and England as Great Britain, Scotland selects 16 members to sit in the House of Lords at the Palace of Westminster.
- March 3 – Emperor Aurangzeb dies in Ahmednagar, Aurangabad.
- March 19 – The Act of Union with Scotland is ratified by the Parliament of England; the Parliament of Scotland is adjourned for the last time on May 1, 1707.
#### April–June
- April 25 (April 14 Old Style) – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Almansa: The Bourbon army of Spain and France (with Irish mercenaries) under the French-born Englishman James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, soundly defeats the allied forces of Portugal, England, and the Dutch Republic led by the French-born Huguenot (in English service) Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway. Following this, Philip V of Spain promulgates the first Nueva Planta decrees, bringing the Kingdoms of Valencia and Aragon under the laws of the Crown of Castile.[47]
- May 1 – The Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland are united as the Kingdom of Great Britain.
- May 8 – The siege of Játiva within the Spanish kingdom of Valencia begins as 9,000 Castilian and French troops, at the direction of King Philip V attack Játiva, defended by troops of the Kingdom of Aragon. Játiva (now Xàtiva) falls on June 6.
- May 12 (May 1 Old Style) – The new sovereign state of Great Britain comes into being, as a result of the Acts of Union, which combine the Kingdoms of Scotland and England into a single united Kingdom of Great Britain,[48] and merge the Parliaments of England and Scotland, to form the Parliament of Great Britain.[49]
- May 23 – The volcanic eruption in the Santorini caldera begins.
- June 4 – On the island now occupied by Sri Lanka, Narendra Sinha becomes the monarch of most of the area as the new Kandyan king, succeeding to the throne upon the death of his father, King Vimaladharmasuriya II. Narendra Sinha reigns for almost 32 years until his death on May 13, 1739.
- June 6 – The soldiers and officers defending the Aragonese city of Játiva are massacred after a larger force of Castilian troops breaks through the walls at the end of a 30-day siege. The rest of the town's residents are deported, and most of the dwellings are burned, with the area being renamed "San Felipe". [50]
- June 8 – Less than three months after proclaiming himself to be the new Emperor of India, Muhammad Azam Shah and his three sons are killed in a battle by his troops led by his half-brother Muhammad Mu'azzam
- June 13 – On Francis II Rákóczi's recommendation, and with Count Miklos Bercsényi's support, a meeting of the Hungarian independence activists, held at the village of Ónod declares the deposing of the House of Habsburg (and Joseph I, King of Hungary from the Hungarian throne.
- June 19 – The coronation of Muhammad Mu'azzam as the new Emperor of India, Bahadur Shah I, takes place in Delhi
- June 28 – Yeshe Gyatso is installed as the new Dalai Lama by his father, Lha-bzang Khan, who has recently deposed the 6th Dalai Lama. Though the justification is that the 21-year-old Yeshe was the true reincarnation of the 5th Dalai Lama, Yeshe receives no recognition from Buddhists in Tibet or Mongolia and the 7th Dalai Lama is installed in 1710.
#### July–September
- July 29–August 21 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Toulon: The Allies are obliged to withdraw, but the French fleet is effectively put out of action.
- August 27 – Charles XII of Sweden launches his campaign to conquer Russia, marching to the east from Altranstädt with 60,000 coalition troops. [51] Another 16,000 soldiers are waiting on the outskirts of Riga, guarding the Swedish supply lines.
- September 14 – Vincenzo Durazzo is elected to a 2-year term as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa (including the island of Corsica), succeeding the outgoing Doge, Domenico Maria De Mari.
- September 18–October 4 – War of the Spanish Succession: The siege of the fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo, led by troops under the command of Alexandre Maître, begins and lasts for 16 days. On the final day, General Maitre begins the attack that takes the fortress within 45 minutes.
- September 30 – War of the Spanish Succession: the conquest by Austrian troops, of the Italian peninsula city state of Gaeta, is accomplished after a three-month siege led by General Wirich Philipp von Daun.
#### October–December
- October 22 – Scilly naval disaster: Four British Royal Navy ships run aground in the Isles of Scilly, because of faulty navigation. Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell and at least 1,450 sailors all drown.
- October 23 – The Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain first meets in London.
- October 28 – The Hōei earthquake (the most powerful in Japan until 2011) strikes, with an estimated local magnitude of 8.6 and kills at least 5,000 people.
- November 30 – War of the Spanish Succession: The Siege of Pensacola ends, with the Spanish successfully defending their fort.
- December 16 – The last recorded eruption of Mount Fuji begins in Japan.
- December 24 – The first British Governor of Gibraltar, directly appointed by Queen Anne, Roger Elliott, takes up his residence in the Convent of the Franciscan Friars.
- December 28 – Charles XII of Sweden and his coalition of troops begin crossing the first line of defense of the Russian Empire, the Vistula River, in their attempt to conquer Russia. [51]
#### Date unknown
- A fortress is founded on the future site of Ust-Abakanskoye (modern Abakan).
- The Lao empire of Lan Xang officially ends, and splits into the kingdoms of Vientiane, Luang Prabang, and Champasak.
- Hacienda Juriquilla is built in Querétaro, Mexico.
- The English Parliament establishes the first turnpike trusts, which place a length of road under the control of trustees, drawn from local landowners and traders. The trusts borrow capital for road maintenance against the security of tolls, and this arrangement becomes the common method of road maintenance for the next 150 years.
- Battle of Yuraktau, the event that leads to the strengthening of the Bashkir rebellion of 1704–1711.
### 1708
#### January–June
- January 1 – Charles XII of Sweden invades Russia, by crossing the frozen Vistula River with 40,000 men.
- January 7 – Bashkir rebels besiege Yelabuga.[52]
- January 12 – Shahu I becomes the fifth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire in the Indian subcontinent.
- February 26 – HMS Falmouth, a 50-gun fourth-rate ship of the line built at Woolwich Dockyard for the Royal Navy, is launched.
- March 11 – Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation.
- March 23 – James Francis Edward Stuart, Jacobite pretender to the throne of Great Britain, unsuccessfully tries to land from a French fleet in the Firth of Forth in Scotland.
- April 8 – Easter Sunday: The first performance of George Frideric Handel's oratorio La resurrezione takes place in Rome.
- April 9 – Ottoman princess Emine Sultan, daughter of Sultan Mustafa II, marries Grand Vizier Çorlulu Ali Pasha.
- April 28 – The Great Hoei fire breaks out in Kyoto, Japan, destroying the Imperial Palace and a large portion of the old capital.
- June 8 – War of Spanish Succession: Wager's Action, a naval confrontation, takes place between a British squadron under Charles Wager and the Spanish treasure fleet off Cartagena in the Caribbean Sea. Spanish galleon San José explodes and sinks with the loss of almost all her 600 crew and an estimated 8.8 million ounces troy weight in gold.[53]
#### July–December
- July 1 – Tewoflos becomes Emperor of Ethiopia.
- July 11 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Oudenarde: Allied forces under the command of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, defeat the French.[54]
- August – The future Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor weds Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
- August 3 – In the Battle of Trenčín, 8,000 soldiers of the Imperial Army of the Habsburgs are victorious over the 15,000 Hungarian Kuruc forces of Francis II Rákóczi.
- August 18 – War of the Spanish Succession: Menorca is captured by British forces.[54]
- August 23 – Meidingu Pamheiba is crowned King of Manipur.
- August 29 – A French-Native American attack in Haverhill, Massachusetts kills 16 settlers.
- September 28 (O.S.); September 29 (Swedish calendar); October 9 (N.S.) – Great Northern War – Battle of Lesnaya: Peter the Great of Russia defeats the forces of the Swedish Empire.
- October 12 – War of the Spanish Succession: British forces capture Lille after a two-month siege, although the citadel continues to hold out for another six weeks.[55]
- October 26 – Topping out of new St Paul's Cathedral in London.[56]
- December 14 – The première of Electre by Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon takes place in Paris.[57]
- December 17 – Deborah Churchill, British pickpocket and prostitute, is executed before a large crowd for being an accomplice to murder.
#### Date unknown
- Fearful of a Swedish attack, the Russians blow up the city of Tartu, Estonia.
- The Russians burn the city of Porvoo, Finland (at the time part of Sweden).[58][59]
- One third of the population of Masuria dies of the plague.
- Johann Sebastian Bach is appointed as chamber musician and organist, at the court in Weimar.
- Italian philosopher Giambattista Vico delivers his inaugural lecture to the University of Naples, which will be published in 1709 as his first book, De Nostri Temporis Studiorum Ratione (On the Order of the Scholarly Disciplines of Our Times).
- Calcareous hard-paste porcelain is produced for the first time in Europe, at Dresden, Saxony, by Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, and developed after his death (October) by Johann Friedrich Böttger.
- The Company of Merchants of London Trading (with consent of the Parliament of Great Britain) merges with the East Indies, and the more recently established English Company Trading to the East Indies, to form the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies, known as the Honourable East India Company.[60]
### 1709
#### January–March
- January 1 – Battle of St. John's: The French capture St. John's, the capital of the British colony of Newfoundland.
- January 6 – Western Europe's Great Frost of 1709, the coldest period in 500 years, begins during the night, lasting three months, with its effects felt for the entire year.[61] In France, the Atlantic coast and Seine River freeze, crops fail, and 24,000 Parisians die. Floating ice enters the North Sea.
- January 10 – Abraham Darby I successfully produces cast iron using coke fuel at his Coalbrookdale blast furnace in Shropshire, England.[62][63][54]
- February 1 or 2 – During his first voyage, Captain Woodes Rogers encounters marooned privateer Alexander Selkirk, and rescues him after four years living on one of the Juan Fernández Islands, inspiring Daniel Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe.[2][64] After sacking Guayaquil, he and Selkirk will visit the Galápagos Islands.[65]
- February 19 – Tokugawa Ienobu becomes the sixth shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan, after the death of the shōgun Tsunayoshi, who had been head of government since 1680.
- February – In America, Mardi Gras is celebrated one more time with Masque de la Mobile in the capital of French Louisiana, Mobile, Alabama, before Mobile is moved 27 miles (43 km) down the Mobile River to Mobile Bay in 1711.
- March 28 – Johann Friedrich Böttger reports the first production of hard-paste porcelain in Europe, at Dresden.
#### April–June
- April 13 – The Raudot Ordinance of 1709 becomes law in the French colony of New France, legalizing slavery.
- April 21 – Mirwais Hotak takes control of Kandahar (in Afghanistan) by murdering the Persian governor, Gurgin Khan, known also as George XI.
- May 6 – The first influx into Britain of poor refugee families of German Palatines from the Rhenish Palatinate arrives in England.[66] Most of them are Protestants en route to the New World colonies.[67]
- June 17 – Trịnh Cương becomes the new king of northern Vietnam (Đàng Ngoài) upon the death of his grandfather, Trịnh Căn, and begins a 20-year reign until his death on December 20, 1729
- June 26 – The Battle of Fort Albany, an attack by 100 French colonial volunteers and Cree natives on the British Hudson's Bay Company outpost at Fort Albany on Hudson Bay. John Fullartine, commander of the post, leads a successful defense of the fort and 18 of the attackers are killed and then retreat. The site is now part of a Cree First Nation reserve in the Canadian province of Ontario.
- June 28 – A treaty is signed in Dresden to re-establish an alliance between the Kingdoms of Denmark-Norway and the Electorate of Saxony, on behalf of King Frederik IV of Denmark-Norway and Saxony's King Augustus II.
#### July–December
- July 8 (June 27 Old Style; June 28 in the Swedish calendar) – Great Northern War: Battle of Poltava in the Cossack Hetmanate (Ukraine) – Peter the Great leads forces of the Tsardom of Russia to a decisive victory over Swedish forces under Charles XII, ending the Swedish invasion of Russia and effectively ending Sweden's role as a major power in Europe.
- July 9 – Christopher Slaughterford of London is executed in Guildford for the murder of Jane Young, his fiancée. He is the first person in modern England executed for murder based exclusively on circumstantial evidence, and he maintains his innocence to the last.
- July 13 – Production of Eau de Cologne is begun by perfumier Johann Maria Farina in Germany, founding Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz.
- July 26 – Reinhard Keiser's opera Desiderius, König der Langobarden is premiered in Hamburg.[68]
- July 27 – Japan's Emperor Higashiyama abdicates after a reign of 23 years that began in 1687, and is succeeded by his son Yoshihito, who is enthroned as the Emperor Nakamikado.
- July 30 – War of the Spanish Succession: Tournai is captured by John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy.[54]
- August 8 – The hot air balloon of Bartolomeu de Gusmão flies in Portugal.
- August 28 – Pamheiba is crowned King of Manipur.
- September 11 (August 31 Old Style) – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Malplaquet – Troops of the Dutch Republic, Habsburg monarchy, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Prussia, led by the Duke of Marlborough, drive the French from the field, but suffer twice as many casualties.[54]
- October 9 – War of the Spanish Succession: The British army captures Mons.[69]
- October 12 – Chihuahua City in Mexico is founded.
- October 14 – The Chinese region of Ningxia is shaken by a 7.5 earthquake killing more than 2,000 people.
- December 25 – From London, ten ships leave for the New York Colony carrying over 4,000 people.
- December 26 – The first performance of the opera Agrippina by George Frideric Handel takes place at the Teatro San Giovanni Grisostomo in Venice.[70]
#### Date unknown
- Herculaneum, an ancient town in Ercolano, Campania, Italy and buried under volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, is discovered by accident when attempts to drill a well for a monastery encountered marble and other materials.
- The first modern edition of William Shakespeare's plays is published in London, edited by Nicholas Rowe.
- The first piano is exhibited in Florence by its inventor Bartolomeo Cristofori, who names it "gravicembalo col piano e forte", a name which is subsequently shortened to "pianoforte" and then "piano".
- A collapsible umbrella is introduced in Paris.[71]
- Trinity School is founded as the charity school of Trinity Church, in New York City.
- The second Eddystone Lighthouse, erected off the south west coast of England by John Rudyerd, is completed.[72]
- De Nostri Temporis Studiorum Ratione (On the Study Methods of Our Times) is published by Neapolitan philosopher Giambattista Vico.
- Priceless medieval altarpieces, created by Tyrolese sculptor Michael Pacher, are destroyed.
- Basil Lazarus III becomes Syriac Orthodox Maphrian of the East.[73]
## Births
1700
- January 8 – Augustyn Mirys, Polish painter (d. 1790)
- January 14 – Picander (Christian Friedrich Henrici), German poet and librettist (d. 1764)
- January 23 – John Christian, Count Palatine of Sulzbach from 1732 to 1733 (d. 1733)
- January 28 – John Penn ("the American"), American-born merchant (d. 1746)
- January 29 – Konstancja Czartoryska, Polish noblewoman and politician (d. 1759)
- February 2 – Johann Christoph Gottsched, German philosopher (d. 1766)
- February 8 – Daniel Bernoulli, Dutch-born Swiss mathematician (d. 1782)
- February 16 – Pedro Messía de la Cerda, 2nd Marquis of Vega de Armijo, Spanish naval officer and colonial official (d. 1783)
- February 18 – Nicolaus Schuback, German lawyer (d. 1783)
- February 21 – Henri Hemsch, French harpsichord maker of German origin (d. 1769)
- February 28 – Samsam ud Daula Shah Nawaz Khan, Mughal courtier (d. 1758)
- March 1 – Pierre-Joseph Bourcet, French tactician (d. 1780)
- March 3
- William Lacon Childe, English politician (d. 1757)
- Charles-Joseph Natoire, French painter in the Rococo manner (d. 1777)
- March 4 – Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes, grandson of Louis XIV of France and of his maîtresse-en-titre Françoise-Athénaïs (d. 1755)
- March 8 – William Morgan (of Tredegar, elder), Welsh politician (d. 1731)
- March 13
- Michel Blavet, French composer and flute virtuoso (d. 1768)
- Antonio Joli, Italian painter of vedute and capricci (d. 1777)
- James Kent, English organist and composer (d. 1776)
- Jób Viczay, Hungarian nobleman (d. 1734)
- March 15 – Leonor Tomásia de Távora, 3rd Marquise of Távora, Portuguese noblewoman (d. 1759)
- March 23 – Pieter Woortman, Dutch colonial administrator (d. 1780)
- March 29 – Charles Cornwallis, 1st Earl Cornwallis (d. 1762)
- March 30 – Thomas Pichon, French colonial agent (d. 1781)
- April 4 – Christophe Moyreau, French Baroque composer (d. 1774)
- April 30
- Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish nobleman (d. 1739)
- Percy Freke, British baronet and Irish politician (d. 1728)
- May 2 – Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1726)
- May 6 – Giuseppe Peroni, Italian painter (d. 1776)
- May 7 – Gerard van Swieten, Dutch-born physician (d. 1772)
- May 12 – Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect (d. 1773)
- May 14 – Mary Delany, English artist (d. 1788)
- May 19 – José de Escandón, Spanish colonial governor (d. 1770)
- May 22 – Michel-François Dandré-Bardon, French history painter and etcher (d. 1785)
- May 26 – Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf, German religious and social reformer (d. 1760)
- May 27 – Robert Shirley, British Tory politician (d. 1738)
- May 30 – Prosper Anton Josef von Sinzendorf, Austrian nobleman and courtier (d. 1756)
- May 31 – Stephen Bayard, 39th Mayor of New York City from 1744 to 1747 (d. 1757)
- June 3 – Karen Huitfeldt, Danish courtier (d. 1778)
- June 8 – Georg Wilhelm von Driesen, lieutenant general in Frederick the Great's Prussian army and a county commission of Osterrode (Ostróda) (d. 1758)
- June 10 – Ewald Georg von Kleist, German jurist (d. 1748)
- June 16 – Margaret Coke, Countess of Leicester, British peer (d. 1775)
- June 19 – Charles, Count of Charolais, French noble (d. 1760)
- June 20 – Peter Faneuil, wealthy American colonial merchant (d. 1743)
- June 25 – William Boys, Royal Navy officer who became Commander-in-Chief (d. 1774)
- June 26
- Richard Dana, prominent lawyer and politician in colonial Massachusetts (d. 1772)
- Joaquín de Montserrat, 1st Marquess of Cruillas (d. 1771)
- July 11 – Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend (d. 1764)
- July 12 – Claude-Antoine de Bermen de La Martinière, Quebec-born son of Claude de Bermen de la Martinière (d. 1761)
- July 20 – Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau, French physician (d. 1782)
- July 29 – Peter Joseph Kofler, mayor of Vienna (d. 1764)
- August 13 – Heinrich, count von Brühl, German statesman (d. 1763)
- August 17 – Clemens August of Bavaria, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne (d. 1761)
- August 18
- Baji Rao I, general of the Maratha Empire in India (d. 1740)
- Lars Pinnerud, Norwegian farmer and woodcarver (d. 1762)
- August 23 – Hans Caspar von Krockow, Prussian major general and commander of the Cuirassier Regiment No (d. 1759)
- August 27
- Charles Colyear, 2nd Earl of Portmore (d. 1785)
- Carl Hårleman, Swedish architect (d. 1753)
- August 30 – Christian August von Eyben, German lawyer and dean of the Bishopric of Lübeck (d. 1785)
- September 6 – Claude-Nicolas Le Cat, French surgeon (d. 1768)
- September 9 – Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1780)
- September 11 – James Thomson, Scottish poet (d. 1748)
- September 15 – Jean-Gilles du Coëtlosquet, French ecclesiastic (d. 1784)
- September 20
- Benedict Leonard Calvert, 15th Proprietary Governor of Maryland from 1727 through 1731 (d. 1732)
- Victor Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1765)
- September 25 – Gaetano Zompini, Italian printmaker and engraver (d. 1778)
- September 29 – Countess Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen (d. 1758)
- September 30 – Stanisław Konarski, Polish writer (d. 1773)
- October 6 – Philip Morant (d. 1770)
- October 7 – Henry Moore, 4th Earl of Drogheda (d. 1727)
- October 9 – George Hazard (d. 1738)
- October 10 – Lambert-Sigisbert Adam, French sculptor born in Nancy (d. 1759)
- October 13 – Phanuel Bacon, English playwright (d. 1783)
- October 20 – Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans (d. 1761)
- October 23 – Samuel Dexter, minister from Dedham (d. 1755)
- October 24 – Marten Schagen, Dutch Mennonite bookseller (d. 1770)
- October 26 – Peter Jacob Horemans, Flemish painter of genre scenes (d. 1776)
- October 30 – Sir Cecil Bishopp, 6th Baronet (d. 1778)
- November 7 – Erdmuthe Dorothea of Reuss-Ebersdorf (d. 1756)
- November 17 – Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, German nobleman (d. 1771)
- November 19 – Jean-Antoine Nollet, French abbot and physicist (d. 1770)
- November 21 – Charlotta Elisabeth van der Lith, politically active Governor's wife in Surinam (d. 1753)
- November 24 – Johann Bernhard Bach the Younger (d. 1743)
- November 28
- Nathaniel Bliss, English astronomer (d. 1764)
- Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (d. 1770)
- Philip Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (d. 1749)
- December 4 – Agnes Wilhelmine von Wuthenau, German noblewoman and the first wife of Augustus Louis (d. 1725)
- December 5 – Anthony Malone, Irish lawyer and politician (d. 1776)
- December 7 – George Heathcote, English merchant and philanthropist and Tory politician (d. 1768)
- December 8 – Jeremias Friedrich Reuß, German theologian (d. 1777)
- December 9 – Michael Ranft, Protestant Lutheran pastor (d. 1774)
- December 20 – Charles-Augustin de Ferriol d'Argental (d. 1788)
- December 25 – Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian general (d. 1751)
- date unknown
- Franciszek Salezy Potocki, Polish magnate official (d. 1772)
- Ivan Ranger, Austrian painter (d. 1753)
1701
- January 4 – Count Palatine William of Gelnhausen, Imperial Field Marshal (d. 1760)
- January 6 – Georg Ludwig von Bar, German (d. 1767)
- January 14 – Thomas Edwards, silversmith active in colonial Boston (d. 1755)
- January 17 – William Lubbock, British divine (d. 1754)
- January 18 – Johann Jakob Moser, German jurist (d. 1785)
- January 23 – Anne Antoine, Comte d'Aché, French naval officer who became vice admiral (d. 1780)
- January 26 – François Dominique de Barberie de Saint-Contest, French Foreign Minister (d. 1754)
- January 27 – Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim, German historian and theologian (d. 1790)
- January 28
- Thomas Amory, English dissenting tutor and minister and poet from Taunton (d. 1774)
- Charles Marie de La Condamine, French mathematician and geographer (d. 1774)
- February 1 – Johan Agrell, late German/Swedish baroque composer (d. 1765)
- February 7 – Christian Ludwig Gersten, German scientist (d. 1762)
- February 8 – Johann Baptist Martinelli, Austrian architect (d. 1754)
- February 11 – Carlo Lodi, Italian painter of the late-Baroque period in Bologna (d. 1765)
- February 14 – Enrique Flórez, Spanish historian (d. 1773)
- February 24 – François-Joseph Hunauld, French anatomist born in Châteaubriant (d. 1742)
- February 25 – Thomas Adam, Church of England clergyman and religious writer (d. 1784)
- February 28 – Jacek Rybiński, Cistercian and the last abbot of the Oliwa monastery (d. 1782)
- March 1 – Johann Jakob Breitinger, Swiss philologist and author (d. 1776)
- March 2 – Lewis Morris, Welsh hydrographer (d. 1765)
- March 6 – Louis-René de Caradeuc de La Chalotais, French jurist on the so-called "Brittany affair" (d. 1785)
- March 7 – Philip Hawkins, MP (d. 1738)
- March 11 – Joseph Leeson, 1st Earl of Milltown, Irish politician (d. 1783)
- March 12 – Johann Friedrich Cotta, German Lutheran theologian (d. 1779)
- March 14 – Antonio Alcalde Barriga, Spanish Roman Catholic prelate; member from the Order of Preachers; Bishop of Guadalajara (d. 1792)
- March 15 – John Carmichael, 3rd Earl of Hyndford (d. 1767)
- March 16 – Daniel Lorenz Salthenius, Swedish theologian (d. 1750)[74]
- March 18 – Niclas Sahlgren, Swedish merchant and philanthropist (d. 1776)
- March 21 – Jacques Bridaine, French Catholic preacher and missionary (d. 1767)
- March 25 – John Goffe, Colonial American soldier (d. 1786)
- April 9 – Giambattista Nolli, Italian architect (d. 1756)
- April 25 – John Bristow, English merchant, politician (d. 1768)
- April 27
- Sebastian Redford, English Jesuit (d. 1763)
- Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia from 1730 (d. 1773)
- April 28 – Françoise Basseporte, French painter (d. 1780)
- May 14 – William Emerson, English mathematician (d. 1782)
- May 18 – Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, English aristocrat, philanthropist and cricket patron (d. 1750)
- May 24
- Jane Scott, Countess of Dalkeith (d. 1729)
- Johann IX Philipp von Walderdorff, Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1756 to 1768 (d. 1768)
- May 26 – Jean-Joseph Rallier des Ourmes, French mathematician (d. 1771)
- May 28 – Giuseppe Antonio Pujati, Italian physician (d. 1760)
- May 29 – Georg Friedrich Strass, Alsatian jeweler and inventor of the rhinestone (d. 1773)
- June 2 – Thomas Townshend, British politician (d. 1780)
- June 4
- Nicolai Eigtved, Danish architect (d. 1754)
- Theodoor Verhaegen, sculptor from the Southern Netherlands (d. 1759)
- June 9 – Carl Hieronimus Gustmeyer, Danish merchant (d. 1756)
- June 11 – David Carnegie, 5th Earl of Northesk, son of David Carnegie (d. 1741)
- June 17
- Edward Antill, colonial plantation owner and winemaker (d. 1770)
- Paula de Odivelas (d. 1768)
- June 19 – François Rebel, French composer (d. 1775)
- June 21 – Otto Magnus von Schwerin, Prussian general in the army of Frederick the Great (d. 1777)
- June 22 – Nicolai Eigtved, Danish architect (d. 1754)
- June 27 – Paul Jacques Malouin, French chemist and physicist (d. 1778)
- July 6 – Mary, Countess of Harold, English aristocrat and philanthropist (d. 1785)
- July 9 – Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, Count of Maurepas, French statesman and Count of Maurepas (d. 1781)
- August 4
- Thomas Blackwell, Scottish classical scholar (d. 1757)
- Brownlow Cecil, 8th Earl of Exeter, England (d. 1754)
- August 9 – Karl Wilhelm von Dieskau, Prussian lieutenant general, general inspector of the artillery (d. 1777)
- August 20 – Domenico Luigi Valeri, Italian painter and architect active in Marche (d. 1746)
- August 21 – George Bowes, English coal proprietor, Member of Parliament (d. 1760)
- September 6 – Johann Georg Dathan (d. 1749)
- September 14 – Maurus Xaverius Herbst, German Benedictine abbot (d. 1757)
- September 16 – James Cornwallis, Royal Navy officer and politician, second son of Charles Cornwallis (d. 1727)
- September 17 – Paul-Joseph Le Moyne de Longueuil, seigneur and colonial army officer in New France; governor of Trois-Rivières (d. 1778)
- September 21 – George Byng, 3rd Viscount Torrington, British Army general (d. 1750)
- September 22 – Anna Magdalena Bach, accomplished German singer, second wife of Johann Sebastian Bach (d. 1760)
- September 23 – Bredo von Munthe af Morgenstierne, Norwegian civil servant (d. 1757)
- September 28 – Stephen Hansen, Danish industrialist (d. 1770)
- September 30 – Enrico Enríquez, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1756)
- October 3 – Isaac Norris, merchant and statesman in provincial Pennsylvania (d. 1766)
- October 15 – Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, Canadian saint (d. 1771)
- October 18 – Charles le Beau, French historical writer (d. 1778)
- October 20 – Jean-Baptiste de La Noue, French actor and playwright (d. 1760)
- October 22 – Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1756)
- October 24 – Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, Canadian military commander (d. 1755)
- October 28 – Simón de Anda y Salazar, Governor-General of the Philippines (d. 1776)
- October 30 – Anton Gogeisl, German astronomer (d. 1771)
- October 31 – William Ellery, Sr., Rhode Island colonial deputy governor (d. 1764)
- November 3 – Smart Lethieullier, English antiquary (d. 1760)
- November 5 or 1702 – Pietro Longhi, Venetian painter (d. 1785)
- November 6 – Jean-Baptiste Malter, French dancer and dance master (d. 1746)
- November 10 – Johann Joseph Couven, German Baroque architect (d. 1763)
- November 21 – John Arundell, 4th Baron Arundell of Trerice (d. 1768)
- November 27 – Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer (d. 1744)
- November 28
- James Burrow, British scholar (d. 1782)
- Daniel Wray, English antiquary and Fellow of the Royal Society (d. 1783)
- December 9 – Elisha Freeman, Canadian politician (d. 1777)
- December 10 – Ignatius of Laconi (d. 1781)
- December 11 – Charles Goore, English merchant and politician (d. 1783)
- December 16 – Olof Arenius, Swedish portrait painter (d. 1766)
- December 17 – Bernard of Bologna, Italian theologian (d. 1770)
- December 21
- Louis Daniel Arnault de Nobleville, French physician and naturalist (d. 1778)
- Guillaume Taraval, French painter (d. 1750)
- Taylor White, British judge (d. 1772)
1702
- January 2 – Nabeshima Naotsune, Japanese daimyō (d. 1749)
- January 6
- Johann Adam von Ickstatt, German educator and director of the University of Ingolstadt (d. 1776)
- José de Nebra, Spanish composer (d. 1768)
- January 10 – Johannes Zick, German fresco painter (d. 1762)
- January 12
- Jacques Aved, French painter and Rococo portraitist (d. 1766)
- Józef Andrzej Załuski, Polish Catholic priest (d. 1774)
- January 13 – Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally, French general of Irish Jacobite ancestry (d. 1766)
- January 14 – Emperor Nakamikado, of Japan (d. 1737)
- January 18 – Sava II Petrović-Njegoš, Metropolitan of Cetinje (d. 1782)
- January 24 – Frederica Henriette of Anhalt-Bernburg, member of the House of Ascania by birth and Princess of Anhalt-Köthen by marriage (d. 1723)
- January 26 – Johann Caspar Scheuchzer, Swiss naturalist (d. 1729)
- January 31 – Alan Brodrick, 2nd Viscount Midleton, English cricketer (d. 1747)
- February 3
- Michael Adelbulner, German mathematician (d. 1779)
- Giovanni Battista Vaccarini, Italian architect (d. 1768)
- February 6 – Giovanni Carmine Pellerano, Italian Catholic prelate, member of the Knights Hospitaller (d. 1783)
- February 7 – Carl August Thielo, Danish composer (d. 1763)
- February 10
- Jean-Pierre Guignon, Franco-Italian composer and violinist (d. 1774)
- Carlo Marchionni, Italian architect (d. 1786)
- February 12 – Robert Hale, Massachusetts physician, soldier (d. 1767)
- February 26 – Rasmus Paludan, Norwegian theologian and priest (d. 1759)
- February 27
- Enrichetta d'Este, Duchess of Parma (d. 1777)
- Johann Valentin Görner, German composer (d. 1762)
- March 2
- Henrietta Maria of Brandenburg-Schwedt, granddaughter of the "Great Elector" Frederick William (d. 1782)
- Charles Stourton, 15th Baron Stourton, son of Charles Stourton (1669–1739) (d. 1753)
- March 4 – Jack Sheppard, British burglar and escaper (d. 1724)
- March 13 – Burkat Shudi, English harpsichord maker of Swiss origin (d. 1773)
- March 19 – Thomas Penn, son of American colonial leader William Penn (d. 1775)
- March 21 – Bento de Moura Portugal (d. 1766)
- March 22 – Matthias de Visch, Flemish painter of history paintings and portraits (d. 1765)
- March 25 – Pieter Teyler van der Hulst, wealthy Dutch Mennonite merchant and banker (d. 1778)
- March 27 – Johann Ernst Eberlin, German composer and organist (d. 1762)
- March 28 – Ignacio de Luzán, Spanish critic and poet (d. 1754)
- March 29 – Cesare Sportelli, Italian Roman Catholic Redemptorist lawyer (d. 1750)
- March 31 – Barthélemy-Christophe Fagan, French playwright (d. 1755)
- April 5
- Stephen Leake, English numismatist, officer of arms at the College of Arms in London (d. 1773)
- Solomon Lombard (d. 1781)
- April 7 – William Rawlinson Earle (d. 1774)
- April 10 – Jonathan Tyers (d. 1767)
- April 16 – Juan de Balmaseda y Censano Beltrán (d. 1778)
- April 20 – Zenón de Somodevilla, 1st Marquess of Ensenada, Spanish noble (d. 1781)
- May 2 – Friedrich Christoph Oetinger, German Lutheran theologian and theosopher (d. 1782)
- May 3 – John St John, 2nd Viscount St John (d. 1748)
- May 8 – Andrew Lauder, Burgess of the Royal Burgh of Lauder (1737) (d. 1769)
- May 10 – Abraham Lehn, Danish landowner (d. 1757)
- May 11 – Isaac Greenwood, American mathematician (d. 1745)
- May 12 – Louis Philogène Brûlart, vicomte de Puisieulx, French foreign minister (d. 1770)
- May 16 – George Nevill, 14th Baron Bergavenny (d. 1723)
- May 21 – John Rous, Royal Navy officer during King George's War and the Seven Years' War (d. 1760)
- May 24 – Joseph Friedrich Ernst, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, fifth Prince (d. 1769)
- June 1 – John Hancock Jr., colonial American clergyman, father of politician John Hancock (d. 1744)
- June 5
- Frederik Arentz, Lutheran bishop of Bjørgvin from 1762 to 1774 (d. 1779)
- Willem van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle (d. 1754)
- June 7 – Louis George, Margrave of Baden-Baden from 1707 until his death (d. 1761)
- June 9 – William Townshend, British Member of Parliament (d. 1738)
- June 13 – Michał Kazimierz "Rybeńko" Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1762)
- June 19 – Frederick Augustus Rutowsky, German general (d. 1764)
- June 26 – Philip Doddridge, English religious leader (d. 1751)
- June 30 – Elizabeth Timothy, colonial American printer and newspaper publisher in South Carolina who worked for Benjamin Franklin (d. 1757)
- July 6 – Franz Anton Maichelbeck, German organist and composer (d. 1750)
- July 18 – Maria Clementina Sobieska, Polish noble (d. 1735)
- July 19 – Philemon Ewer, English shipbuilder (d. 1750)
- July 20 – Christian Siegmund Georgi, evangelical theologian at Wittenberg, Germany (d. 1771)
- July 22 – Alessandro Besozzi, Italian composer and virtuoso oboist (d. 1793)
- July 31 – Jean Denis Attiret, French Jesuit missionary and painter (d. 1768)
- August 2 – Dietrich of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1769)
- August 3
- Sir Walter Bagot, 5th Baronet (d. 1768)
- George Rooke, priest (d. 1754)
- August 7 – Muhammad Shah, Mughal emperor of India (d. 1748)
- August 14 – Philip Carteret Webb, English barrister (d. 1770)
- August 16 – Roque Joaquín de Alcubierre, military engineer in the Spanish Army, discovered architectural remains at Pompeii and Herculaneum (d. 1780)
- August 26
- George Carpenter, 2nd Baron Carpenter, of England (d. 1749)
- Judith Madan, English poet (d. 1781)
- August 28 – Jean Philippe d'Orléans, illegitimate son of future French regent Philippe d'Orleans (d. 1748)
- August 31 – Louis-François Roubiliac, French sculptor who worked in England (d. 1762)
- September 2 – John Evans, Welsh Anglican cleric (d. 1782)
- September 4 – Legall de Kermeur, French chess player (d. 1792)
- September 6 – Joseph Bonnier de la Mosson, French aristocrat (d. 1744)
- September 12
- Robert Hazard, Rhode Island colonial deputy governor (d. 1751)
- Januarius Maria Sarnelli, Beatified Italian (d. 1746)
- September 14
- Ercole Lelli, Italian painter of the late-Baroque (d. 1766)
- Adriana Maas, Dutch stage actress (d. 1746)
- September 20 – Francesco Serao, Italian physician (d. 1783)
- October 4
- John Lindsay, 20th Earl of Crawford, British Army general (d. 1749)
- Honoré Armand de Villars, French nobleman, soldier, politician (d. 1770)
- October 5 – Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen, German prince (d. 1787)
- October 22 – Frédéric Maurice Casimir de La Tour d'Auvergne, French prince (d. 1723)
- October 25 – Christoph II von Dohna, Prussian general (d. 1762)
- October 29 – Tako Hajo Jelgersma, Dutch painter (d. 1795)
- November 5 – Grégoire Orlyk, Ukrainian-born French Lieutenant General (d. 1759)
- November 6 – Josias Weitbrecht, German professor of medicine and anatomy in Russia (d. 1747)
- November 7 – Abhai Singh of Marwar, Raja of Marwar (Jodhpur) Kingdom (r (d. 1749)
- November 9 – Jacques-Georges Chauffepié, French biographer, Calvinist minister and preacher (d. 1786)
- November 13 – Dominic Vallarsi, Italian priest (d. 1771)
- November 14 – Francis Gashry (d. 1762)
- November 20
- Townsend Andrews (d. 1737)
- Winchcomb Packer (d. 1746)
- Apollos Rivoire (d. 1754)
- December 14 – Stephen Sewall, judge in colonial Massachusetts (d. 1760)
- December 17
- Robert Knight, 1st Earl of Catherlough, Member of the British Parliament (d. 1772)
- Marguerite de Lubert, French woman of letters (d. 1785)
- December 21 – Tommaso Crudeli, Florentine free thinker who was imprisoned by the Roman Inquisition (d. 1745)
- December 22 – Jean-Étienne Liotard, French painter (d. 1789)
- Margareta Momma, Swedish writer, journalist and editor (d. 1772)
- Giuseppa Barbapiccola, Italian natural philosopher, poet and translator (d. 1740)
1703
- January 1 – Heinrich Sigismund von der Heyde, Prussian army commander (d. 1765)
- January 2 – George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley, English politician (d. 1770)
- January 3 – Daniel-Charles Trudaine, French administrator and civil engineer (d. 1769)
- January 5
- James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish peer (d. 1743)
- Paul d'Albert de Luynes, French archbishop (d. 1788)
- January 8 – André Levret, French obstetrician, medical practitioner in Paris (d. 1780)
- January 10 – Christoph Birkmann, German theologian and minister (d. 1771)
- January 15
- Henriette Louise de Bourbon, French princess by birth, member of the House of Bourbon (d. 1772)
- John Brydges, Marquess of Carnarvon, English politician (d. 1727)
- Johann Ernst Hebenstreit, German physician and naturalist (d. 1757)
- January 20 – Joseph-Hector Fiocco, Belgian composer and violinist (d. 1741)
- January 22 – Antoine Walsh, Irish-French slave trader and Jacobite (d. 1763)
- January 29 – Carlmann Kolb, German priest (d. 1765)
- January 31 – André-Joseph Panckoucke, French author and bookseller (d. 1753)
- February 2 – Richard Morris, Welsh writer and editor (d. 1779)
- February 3 – Jean Philippe de Bela, French military figure and Basque writer and historian (d. 1796)
- February 4
- Jean Saas, French historian and bibliographer (d. 1774)
- Andrew Stone, significant figure in the British royal circle, Member of Parliament (d. 1773)
- February 5 – Gilbert Tennent, Irish-born religious leader (d. 1764)
- February 8
- Corrado Giaquinto, Italian Rococo painter (d. 1765)[75]
- François-Pierre Rigaud de Vaudreuil, soldier in New France (d. 1779)
- February 13 – Robert Dodsley, English bookseller, poet, playwright and miscellaneous writer (d. 1764)
- February 27 – Lord Sidney Beauclerk, English politician and fortune hunter (d. 1744)
- March 1 – Philip Tisdall, Attorney-General for Ireland (d. 1777)
- March 4 – Nicolas René Berryer, French magistrate and politician (d. 1762)
- March 5 (N. S.) – Vasily Trediakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1768)
- March 10 – Peter Warren, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1752)
- March 21 – Georg Andreas Sorge, Thuringian organist (d. 1778)
- March 23 – Cajsa Warg, Swedish cookbook author (d. 1769)[76]
- April 8 – Benoît-Joseph Boussu, French violin maker (d. 1773)
- April 10 – Pierre Daubenton, French lawyer (d. 1776)
- April 24 – José Francisco de Isla, Spanish Jesuit (d. 1781)
- May 2 – James West, English antiquary (d. 1772)
- May 8 – Gottlob Harrer, German composer and choir leader (d. 1755)
- May 10 – John Winslow, British Army officer (d. 1774)
- May 12 – Countess Sophie Theodora of Castell-Remlingen, German noblewoman (d. 1777)
- May 14 – David Brearly, delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention (d. 1785)
- May 18
- Jean Daullé, French engraver (d. 1763)
- İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi, Turkish Sufi saint (d. 1780)
- May 20 – René Lièvre de Besançon, French archer (d. 1739)
- June 6 – Edmund Law, priest in the Church of England (d. 1787)
- June 10 – Walter Butler, 16th Earl of Ormonde, Irish landowner (d. 1783)
- June 21 – Joseph Lieutaud, French physician (d. 1780)
- June 24 – Anne van Keppel, Countess of Albemarle (d. 1789)
- June 26 – Thomas Clap, first president of Yale University (d. 1767)
- June 28 – John Wesley, English founder of Methodism and anti-slavery activist (d. 1791)[77]
- July 7 – Kenrick Prescot, English Anglican priest and academic (d. 1779)
- July 9 – Edward Shippen III, American merchant and mayor of Philadelphia (d. 1781)
- July 12 – Nicholas Hewetson, Anglican priest in Ireland (d. 1761)
- July 15 – Axel Lagerbielke, Swedish admiral and statesman (d. 1782)
- July 17 – Thomas Hancock, merchant in colonial Boston (d. 1764)
- August 2 – Lorenzo Ricci, Italian Jesuit leader (d. 1775)
- August 4 – Louis, Duke of Orléans, member of the royal family of France (d. 1752)
- August 9 – Muhammad Ibrahim, claimant to the throne of India (d. 1746)
- August 15 – Jacob Bicker Raije, writer from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1777)
- August 24 – François-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery, colonial military leader in the French province of Canada (d. 1759)
- August 30 – Jean-Louis Calandrini, Genevan scientist (d. 1758)
- September 1 – Just Fabritius, Danish merchant (d. 1766)
- September 3 – Johann Theodor of Bavaria, cardinal (d. 1763)
- September 6 – John Harris, British landowner and politician (d. 1768)
- September 15 – Guillaume-François Rouelle, French chemist (d. 1770)
- September 23 – Charlotte Howe, Viscountess Howe, Hanover-born British courtier and politician (d. 1782)
- September 29
- François Boucher, French painter (d. 1770)[78]
- Baltzer Fleischer, Norwegian civil servant and county governor (d. 1767)
- François Fresneau de La Gataudière, French botanist and scientist (d. 1770)
- Philip Syng, Irish-born American silversmith (d. 1789)
- October 3 – Franz Christoph Janneck, Austrian painter in the Baroque style (d. 1761)
- October 5 – Jonathan Edwards, North American revivalist preacher (d. 1758)
- October 6 – Louis de Beaufort, French-Dutch historian known for his critical approach to the history of Rome (d. 1795)
- October 7 – Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Baden-Durlach, German hereditary prince (d. 1732)
- October 13
- Andrea Belli, Maltese architect and businessman (d. 1772)
- Otto Thott, Danish Count (d. 1785)
- October 15 – Benigna Gottliebe von Trotta genannt Treyden, Duchess consort of Courland (d. 1782)
- October 16
- Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve, French economist (d. 1781)
- Henry Fane of Wormsley, English politician (d. 1777)
- October 22 – Edward Rudge, English politician (d. 1763)
- October 23 – Sir Alexander Dick, 3rd Baronet, Scottish landowner and physician (d. 1785)
- October 28
- Andreas Bjørn, Danish merchant (d. 1750)
- Antoine Deparcieux, French mathematician (d. 1768
- October 30 – James Hill, Scottish surgeon, advocate of curative excision for cancer (d. 1776)
- November 1 – Frederik Danneskiold-Samsøe, Danish politician (d. 1770)[79]
- November 10 – Carlo Zuccari, Italian composer and violinist (d. 1792)
- November 17 – Adam Miller, German-born pioneer in the colony of Virginia (d. 1783)
- November 18 – Andrew Rollo, 5th Lord Rollo, Scottish army commander in Canada and Dominica during the Seven Years' War (d. 1765)
- November 22
- Walter Pompe, Flemish master-sculptor (d. 1777)
- Balthasar Riepp, German-Austrian painter (d. 1764)
- November 23 – Louise Levesque, French femme de lettres (d. 1743)
- November 25 – Jean-François Séguier, French astronomer and botanist (d. 1784)
- November 26 – Theophilus Cibber, English actor and writer (d. 1758)
- November 27 – James De Lancey, colonial governor of the Province of New York (d. 1760)
- December 2 – Ferdinand Konščak, Croatian Jesuit missionary, explorer and cartographer (d. 1759)
- December 9 – Chester Moore Hall, British lawyer and inventor who produced the first achromatic lenses (d. 1771)
- December 12 – Simon Carl Stanley, Danish sculptor of English parentage (d. 1761)
- December 15
- Johann Martin Boltzius, German born (d. 1765)
- Frederick Ernest of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, member of the Brandenburg-Kulmbach branch of the House of Hohenzollern (d. 1762)
- December 23 – Stephen Cornwallis, career British Army officer and politician (d. 1743)
- December 24
- Aleksei Chirikov, Russian navigator (d. 1748)
- Christen Lindencrone, Danish landowner and supercargo of the Danish Asia Company (d. 1772)
- date unknown – Johann Gottlieb Graun, German Baroque/Classical era composer and violinist (d. 1771)
1704
- January 1
- Soame Jenyns, English writer and Member of Parliament (d. 1787)
- Thomas Newton, English cleric (d. 1782)
- January 6 – Michael Becher, Bristol-born English slave trader and merchant (d. 1758)
- January 16 – Finnur Jónsson, Icelandic pastor, Bishop of Skálholt from 1754 to 1785 (d. 1789)
- January 28 – Louis, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine (d. 1711)
- January 29 – Francesco Appiani, Italian painter of the late-Baroque period (d. 1792)
- February 4 – Anna Susanne von der Osten, Danish courtier and philanthropist (d. 1773)
- February 5 – Anne Christine of Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont (d. 1722)
- February 6 – John Mercer, colonial American lawyer (d. 1768)
- February 12
- Charles Pinot Duclos, French writer (d. 1772)
- Jan Schreuder, 30th Governor of Zeylan during the Dutch period in Ceylon (d. 1764)
- February 15
- Aloysius Bellecius, Jesuit ascetic author (d. 1757)
- Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne, French sculptor who worked in both the rococo and neoclassical style (d. 1778)
- February 17
- Marie-Madeleine Hachard, French letter writer and abbess of the Ursuline order (d. 1760)
- Józef Pułaski (d. 1769)
- Prince John August of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German prince (d. 1767)
- February 24 – Johann Hieronymus Kniphof, German physician and botanist (d. 1763)
- February 28
- Louis Godin, French astronomer and member of the French Academy of Sciences (d. 1760)
- Hans Hermann von Katte, Lieutenant of the Prussian Army (d. 1730)
- February 29 – Phillips Payson, American Congregationalist minister for the town of Walpole (d. 1778)
- March 6 – John Ward, 1st Viscount Dudley and Ward (d. 1774)
- March 10 – Josias Lyndon, governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (d. 1778)
- March 17 – Lord Charles Cavendish (d. 1783)
- March 21 – Alexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis (d. 1773)
- April 1 – Amalie von Wallmoden, Countess of Yarmouth, principal mistress of King George II from the mid-1730s (d. 1765)
- April 4 – Andreas Brünniche, Danish portrait painter (d. 1769)
- April 7 – Guillaume-François Berthier, Jesuit professor and writer (d. 1782)
- April 10 – Benjamin Heath, English classical scholar (d. 1766)
- April 13 – Francis North, 1st Earl of Guilford (d. 1790)
- April 17
- Paolo Girolamo Besozzi, Italian oboe virtuoso and bassoonist (d. 1778)
- Jean-Baptiste Chermanne, architect and businessman active in the Southern Netherlands and the Principality of Liège (d. 1770)
- April 21 – Gabriel Manigault, American merchant (d. 1781)
- April 29 – Arthur Denny, Irish politician (d. 1742)
- April 30 – Jean Adam, Scottish poet from the labouring classes (d. 1765)
- May 6 – Fath Muhammad, general of Mysore and the father of Hyder Ali (d. 1725)
- May 7 – Carl Heinrich Graun, German composer and tenor (d. 1759)
- May 8 – Gaspare Testone, Italian painter and architect (d. 1801)
- May 10 – Jacques Dumont le Romain, French history and portrait painter (d. 1781)
- June 1 – Johann Baptist Straub (d. 1784)
- June 4 – Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and manufacturer of cast or crucible steel (d. 1776)
- June 11 – Carlos Seixas, Portuguese composer (d. 1742)
- June 16 – Edward Ward, 9th Baron Dudley (d. 1731)
- June 17 – John Kay, inventor of the flying shuttle (d. 1780)
- June 22 – John Taylor, English classical scholar (d. 1766)
- June 24
- Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, French writer (d. 1771)
- John Ward, English actor and theatre manager (d. 1773)
- June 29 – Azad Bilgrami, scholar of Arabic (d. 1786)
- July 4 – Michel de Sallaberry (d. 1768)
- July 15 – August Gottlieb Spangenberg, German theologian and minister (d. 1792)
- July 31 – Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician (d. 1752)
- August 3
- Catherine-Nicole Lemaure, French operatic soprano (d. 1786)
- Benjamin Shoemaker, colonial Pennsylvania Quaker (d. 1767)
- August 5 – William Allen, wealthy merchant (d. 1780)
- August 11 – Karl August von Bergen (d. 1759)
- August 12 – Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (d. 1774)
- August 13 – Alexis Fontaine des Bertins, French mathematician (d. 1771)
- August 21 – Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe (d. 1774)
- August 26
- Marie-Anne Barbel, French-Canadian Businesswomen who lived in New France (d. 1793)
- Guy Michel de Durfort, French general and nobleman (d. 1773)
- Pierre L'Enfant, painter (d. 1787)
- September 3 – Joseph de Jussieu, French botanist and explorer (d. 1779)
- September 5 – Maurice Quentin de La Tour, French Rococo portraitist, working primarily with pastels (d. 1788)
- September 7 – John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun, son of Charles Hope (d. 1781)
- September 12 – Stephen Fox-Strangways, 1st Earl of Ilchester (d. 1776)
- September 20 – Isaac Basire, engraver, first in a family line of prolific and well-respected engravers (d. 1768)
- September 22 – Jacques de Lafontaine de Belcour, French entrepreneur with business ventures in New France (now Quebec) (d. 1765)
- September 24 – Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (d. 1763)
- September 26 – William French, Anglican priest (d. 1785)
- September 29 – Johann Friedrich Cartheuser, German physician and naturalist (d. 1777)
- October 29 – John Byng, British admiral (d. 1757)
- November 1
- Erland Broman, Swedish official and noble (d. 1757)
- Paul Daniel Longolius, German encyclopedist (d. 1779)
- November 5
- Benjamin Goldthwait, British army officer in King George's War and the French and Indian War (d. 1761)
- Samuel Pegge, English antiquary and clergyman (d. 1796)
- November 6 – Willem Bentinck van Rhoon, Dutch nobleman and politician (d. 1774)
- November 7 – Charles Gautier de Vinfrais, French officer of the Royal venery (d. 1797)
- November 11 – Adriaan van Royen, Dutch botanist (d. 1779)
- November 13 – Charles Hamilton, MP (d. 1786)
- November 16 – Giacopo Belgrado (d. 1789)
- November 19
- James Gabriel Montresor, British military engineer (d. 1776)
- Richard Pococke (d. 1765)
- November 28 – Jacob Mossel (d. 1761)
- December 8 – Anton de Haen, Austrian physician of Dutch ancestry (d. 1776)
- December 12
- Peter Kemble, American politician from the colonial period, President of the New Jersey Provincial Council from 1745 to 1776 (d. 1789)
- Sir Edward Knatchbull, 7th Baronet (d. 1789)
- December 14 – Jacob von Eggers, Military engineer (d. 1773)
- December 26 – Lord George Beauclerk, British Army officer (d. 1768)
- December 29 – Martha Daniell Logan, American botanist (d. 1779)
- December 31 – Carl Gotthelf Gerlach, German organist (d. 1761)
1705
- January 1 – Charles Chauncy, American Congregational clergyman (d. 1787)
- January 5 – John Stanhope, English Member of Parliament (d. 1748)
- January 8 – Jacques-François Blondel, French architect and teacher (d. 1774)
- January 14 – Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier, French governor of the Mascarene Islands (d. 1786)
- January 15 – Ludwig Gruno of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1745)
- January 21 – Isaac Hawkins Browne, English poet (d. 1760)
- January 24 – Farinelli, Italian castrato (d. 1782)
- January 28 – Reverend Joseph Fish, pastor in the British North American colonies (d. 1781)
- February 3 – John Robinson, politician, landowner in the British colony of Virginia (d. 1766)
- February 13 – Franciszka Urszula Radziwiłłowa, Polish writer and playwright (d. 1753)
- February 15 – Charles-André van Loo, French painter (d. 1765)
- February 20 – Nicolas Chédeville, French composer (d. 1782)
- February 21 – Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1781)
- February 24 – Hieronymus David Gaubius, German physician and chemist (d. 1780)
- February 25 – Edward Ironside, British banker, Lord Mayor of London in 1753 (d. 1753)
- February 27 – Peter Artedi, Swedish naturalist, known as the "father of ichthyology" (d. 1735)
- March 2 – William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish judge and politician (d. 1793)
- March 8 – Margrethe Marie Thomasine Numsen, Danish courtier (d. 1776)
- March 9 – Tommaso Temanza, Italian architect and author of the Neoclassic period (d. 1789)
- March 12 – Noël Jourda de Vaux, French noble and general (d. 1788)
- March 18 – Jeremias Van Rensselaer, 6th patroon of Rensselaerwyck, eldest son of Kiliaen van Rensselaer and Maria van Cortlandt (d. 1743)
- March 20 – Johann Sigismund Scholze, Silesian music anthologist and poet (d. 1750)
- March 21 – Lorenz Natter, German gem-engraver and medallist (d. 1763)
- March 22 – Nicolas-Sébastien Adam, French sculptor (d. 1778)
- March 30 – August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof, German miniature painter (d. 1759)
- March 31 – Sophie Caroline of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, princess consort of Ostfriesland as the spouse of Prince George Albert (d. 1764)
- April 7 – Sir Edward O'Brien, 2nd Baronet (d. 1765)
- April 9 – Nathan Webb (d. 1772)
- April 12 – William Cookworthy, English Quaker minister (d. 1780)
- April 19 – Claes Grill, Swedish merchant (d. 1767)
- April 21 – Jean-Pierre Aulneau, Jesuit missionary priest, briefly active in New France (d. 1736)
- April 23 – Erasmus James Philipps, serving member on Nova Scotia Council (1730–1760) (d. 1760)
- May 1 – Nathaniel Elliot, English Jesuit scholar (d. 1780)
- May 5 – John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun, Scottish nobleman and army officer (d. 1782)
- May 6 – Christian Gärtner, German telescope maker and astronomer (d. 1782)
- May 8 – António José da Silva, Portuguese dramatist born in colonial Brazil (d. 1739)
- May 10 – Alexander Luttrell (d. 1737)
- May 13 – Johan Lorentz Castenschiold, Dutch-Danish landowner who was ennobled (d. 1747)
- June 1 – Carl Marcus Tuscher, German-born Danish polymath (d. 1751)
- June 9
- Jan Paweł Biretowski (d. 1781)
- Francis Blackburne, English Anglican churchman and activist (d. 1787)
- June 10 – Charles Frederick Albert, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (d. 1762)
- June 21 – Samuel Edwards, American silversmith (d. 1762)
- July 1 – Sir Alexander Grant, 5th Baronet (d. 1772)
- July 23 – Francis Blomefield, English antiquarian (d. 1752)
- August 8 – Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff, Dutch colonial administrator for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) (d. 1750)
- August 12 – Jonathan Clarke, American silversmith active in Newport (d. 1770)
- August 15 – Joseph Wanton, merchant, governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (d. 1780)
- August 18
- Emanuel Büchel, Swiss painter (d. 1775)
- Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Saint-Florentin (d. 1777)
- August 20
- James Balfour, philosopher (d. 1795)
- Henry Bromley, 1st Baron Montfort (d. 1755)
- August 30 – David Hartley, English philosopher (d. 1757)
- September 2 – Abraham Tucker, English country gentleman (d. 1774)
- September 5 – Élisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon, French princess of the blood (d. 1765)
- September 7 – Matthäus Günther, German painter and artist of the Baroque and Rococo era (d. 1788)
- September 19
- Marguerite-Antoinette Couperin, French harpsichordist (d. 1778)
- William Craven, 5th Baron Craven, English nobleman and Member of Parliament (d. 1769)
- September 23 – Joseph, Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Rotenburg (d. 1744)
- September 24 – Leopold Josef Graf Daun, Austrian field marshal (d. 1766)
- September 28
- Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, English statesman (d. 1774)
- Johann Peter Kellner, German organist and composer (d. 1772)
- October 3 – Jacques-Joachim Trotti, marquis de La Chétardie, French diplomat who engineered the coup d'état that brought Elizaveta Petrovna to the Russian throne in 1741 (d. 1759)
- October 8 – Yakov Shakhovskoy (d. 1777)
- October 12 – Emmanuel Héré de Corny, court architect to Stanisław Leszczyński (d. 1763)
- October 23 – Maximilian Ulysses Browne, Austrian military officer (d. 1757)
- October 25 – Johann Friedrich Endersch, German cartographer and mathematician (d. 1769)
- October 31 – Pope Clement XIV (d. 1774)[80]
- November 1 – Antoine Terrasson, French author (d. 1782)
- November 4 – Louis-Élisabeth de La Vergne de Tressan, French soldier (d. 1783)
- November 5
- William Baker, English merchant and politician (d. 1770)
- Louis-Gabriel Guillemain, French composer and violinist (d. 1770)
- November 15 – Sir Halswell Tynte, 3rd Baronet (d. 1730)
- November 17 – Andrea Casali (d. 1784)
- November 23 – Thomas Birch, English historian (d. 1766)
- November 24 – Christian Moritz Graf Königsegg und Rothenfels (d. 1778)
- November 29 – Michael Christian Festing, English violinist and composer (d. 1752)
- November 30 – Jonathan Parsons, Christian New England clergyman during the late colonial period, supporter of the American Revolution (d. 1776)
- December 6 – Andrés de la Calleja, Spanish painter (d. 1785)
- December 9 – Faustina Pignatelli (d. 1785)
- December 14
- Wiguläus von Kreittmayr, Bavarian jurist and public official (d. 1790)
- Queen Seonui, wife and Queen Consort of King Gyeongjong of Joseon (d. 1730)
- December 20
- George Fothergill (d. 1760)
- Antonio Palomba, Italian opera librettist (d. 1769)
- December 27 – Prince Frederick Henry Eugen of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1781)
- December 30 – Georg Wolfgang Knorr, German engraver and naturalist (d. 1761)
- date unknown – Dick Turpin, English highwayman (d. 1739)
- date unknown – Faustina Pignatelli, Italian mathematician (b. 1785)
1706
- January 1
- Henry Howard, 10th Earl of Suffolk (d. 1745)
- Nils Wallerius, Swedish physicist (d. 1764)
- January 3 – Johann Caspar Füssli, Swiss portrait painter and writer (d. 1782)
- January 7 – Johann Heinrich Zedler, German publisher (d. 1751)
- January 17
- Benjamin Franklin, American inventor and Founding Father (d. 1790)
- George Michael Moser, Swiss artist and enameller (d. 1783)
- Richard Penn Sr., proprietary and titular governor of Pennsylvania and the counties of New Castle County (d. 1771)
- January 20 – Frederick Charles Augustus, Count of Lippe (d. 1781)
- January 26 – John Elder, American colonial pastor (d. 1792)
- January 28 – Shubal Stearns, American colonial evangelist and preacher during the Great Awakening (d. 1771)
- February 2 – Claude-Godefroy Coquart, Jesuit priest who probably arrived in Quebec in 1739 (d. 1765)
- February 8 – Luis de Córdova y Córdova, Spanish admiral (d. 1796)
- February 11 – Nils Rosén von Rosenstein, Swedish physician (d. 1773)
- February 12 – Johann Joseph Christian, German Baroque sculptor and woodcarver (d. 1777)
- February 17 – Robert Hampden-Trevor, 1st Viscount Hampden, British diplomat at The Hague and then joint Postmaster General (d. 1783)
- February 19 – John Hornyold, English Catholic bishop (d. 1778)
- February 20 – Phineas Stevens, distinguished officer noted for his defense of the Fort at Number 4 during a siege in April 1747 (d. 1756)
- February 26 – Jan Antonín Vocásek, Czech Baroque painter (d. 1757)
- February 28 – Philippe-François Bart, French naval officer who was Governor of Saint-Domingue during the Seven Years' War (d. 1784)
- March 1 – Sébastien Bigot de Morogues, French soldier, a sailor and military naval tactician (d. 1781)
- March 4 – Lauritz de Thurah, Danish architect and architectural writer (d. 1759)
- March 6 – Sir George Pocock, British admiral (d. 1792)
- March 7 – Johann Leonhard Dober, one of the two first missionaries of the Moravian Brethren in the West Indies in 1732 (d. 1766)
- March 12 – Johan Pasch, Swedish painter (d. 1769)
- March 13 – Johann Christoph Heilbronner, German mathematical historian (d. 1745)
- March 14 – Siegmund Jakob Baumgarten, German Protestant theologian (d. 1757)
- March 23 – Anna Maria Barbara Abesch, Swiss reverse glass painter and the daughter of Johann Peter Abesch (d. 1773)
- March 26 – Mather Byles, American clergyman active in British North America (d. 1788)
- March 28 – Andrew Oliver, merchant and public official in the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d. 1774)
- March 30 – Tommaso Struzzieri, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Todi (1775–1780) (d. 1780)
- April 2 – Johann Joseph Würth, Austrian silversmith of the late baroque period (d. 1767)
- April 6 – Louis de Cahusac, French playwright and librettist (d. 1759)
- April 18 – William Brattle, Attorney General of Province of Massachusetts Bay as well as a physician (d. 1776)
- April 24 – Giovanni Battista Martini, Italian musician (d. 1784)
- April 29 – Pierre-Antoine Gourgaud, French actor (d. 1774)
- April 30 – Philipp Jakob Straub, Austrian sculptor (d. 1774)
- May 12 – François Boissier de Sauvages de Lacroix, French physician and botanist who was a native of Alès (d. 1767)
- May 17 – Andreas Felix von Oefele, German historian and librarian (d. 1780)
- May 20 – Seth Pomeroy, American gunsmith and soldier from Northampton (d. 1777)
- May 22 – Samuel Troilius, Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden (d. 1764)
- June 10 – John Dollond, English optician (d. 1761)
- June 15 – Johann Joachim Kändler, German sculptor and important modeller of the Meissen porcelain manufactury (d. 1775)
- July 3 – Robert Lee, 4th Earl of Lichfield, English politician and peer (d. 1776)
- July 8 – John Hart, militia officer during King George's War and the French and Indian War (d. 1777)
- July 16 – Charles Godefroy de La Tour d'Auvergne, French nobleman (d. 1771)
- July 21 – Pierre Lyonnet, artist and engraver who became a naturalist (d. 1789)
- August 1 – Franz Sebald Unterberger, South Tyrolean painter in the Baroque style (d. 1776)
- August 4 – Frederick Charles, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (d. 1761)
- August 8 – Johan Augustin Mannerheim, Swedish nobleman and military leader (d. 1778)[81]
- August 11 – Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis, Regent of Württemberg (d. 1756)
- August 15 – Benjamin Dass, Norwegian educator and scholar who served as Rector of Trondheim Cathedral School (d. 1775)
- August 16 – Bakht Singh of Marwar, Indian Raja of the Rathore Clan (d. 1752)
- August 21 – Pierre Nicolas d'Incarville, French Jesuit, amateur botanist and missionary to China (d. 1757)
- August 24 – Sir John Evelyn, 2nd Baronet, British courtier and Whig politician (d. 1767)
- August 28 – Jan Bouman, Dutch architect (d. 1776)
- September 3 – Alonso Verdugo, 3rd Count of Torrepalma, Spanish count (d. 1767)
- September 8 – Antoine de Favray, French painter noted for his portraits of personalities of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1798)
- September 9 – Jean-Baptiste Barsalou, Canadian fur trader (d. 1776)
- September 12 – Léon Ménard, French lawyer and historian (d. 1767)
- September 21 – Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg, second wife of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (d. 1735)
- September 22 – Barbara Regina Dietzsch, Bavarian painter and engraver (d. 1783)
- October 6
- Princess Charlotte Amalie of Denmark, Danish princess (d. 1782)
- Pieter Steyn, Grand Pensionary of Holland (d. 1772)
- October 11 – Nicolaes Geelvinck, mayor of Amsterdam (d. 1764)
- October 18 – Baldassare Galuppi, Venetian composer (d. 1785)
- November 2 – Francis Godolphin, 2nd Baron Godolphin, British peer and politician (d. 1785)
- November 6
- Pierre Soubeyran, Swiss engraver (d. 1775)
- William Tans'ur, English hymn-writer, composer and teacher of music (d. 1783)
- November 7 – Carlo Cecere, Italian composer of operas (d. 1761)
- November 8 – Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German judge and philosopher (d. 1772)
- November 11 – Frederick William II, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, last Prince of Nassau-Siegen from the Calvinist line (d. 1734)
- November 18 – Johann Friedrich Alexander, Prince of Wied, German ruler (d. 1791)
- November 22 – Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough (d. 1758)
- November 25 – Henry Dodwell, British religious controversialist and lawyer (d. 1784)
- December 17 – Émilie du Châtelet, French mathematician and physicist (d. 1749)
- December 23 – John Cornwallis, British politician (d. 1768)
- December 24 – Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt, German noblewoman and member of the House of Hohenzollern (d. 1751)
- December 25 – Maria Anna of Schwarzenberg, Margravine consort of Baden-Baden and Princess of Schwarzenberg by birth (d. 1755)
- December 31 – Elisabetta Maria Satellico, Italian Roman Catholic professed religious from the Poor Clares who served as her convent's abbess (d. 1745)
- date unknown
- James Abercrombie, British general (d. 1781)
- Sabina Aufenwerth, German potter (d. 1782)
- Barbe de Nettine, politically influential Austrian Netherlands banker (d. 1775)
1707
- January 2 – Johann Adam Lehmus, German poet of numerous spiritual songs (d. 1788)
- January 8 – Louis, Duke of Brittany, second son of Louis of France (d. 1712)
- January 11 – Giuseppe Bonito, Neapolitan painter of the Rococo period (d. 1789)
- January 13 – John Boyle, 5th Earl of Cork, Irish writer (d. 1762)
- January 17 – Prospero Colonna di Sciarra, Italian cardinal of the family of the dukes of Carbognano (d. 1765)
- January 22 – Carl Höckh, German violinist and composer (d. 1773)
- January 26 – Abbé François Blanchet, French littérateur (d. 1784)
- February 1 – Frederick, Prince of Wales (d. 1751)
- February 13
- Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon, French novelist (d. 1777)
- Johann William, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau, member of the German House of Erbach who held the fiefs of Fürstenau (d. 1742)
- February 25 – Carlo Goldoni, Italian playwright (d. 1793)
- February 26 – Mariano Arciero, Italian Roman Catholic priest (d. 1788)
- February 27 – Joseph Johann Kauffmann, Austrian painter known for his portraits, church decorations and castle depictions (d. 1782)
- February 28 – Johann Christian Senckenberg, German physician (d. 1772)
- March 1
- Pierre-Antoine de La Place, French writer and playwright (d. 1793)
- Jedidiah Preble, Captain of Infantry in Samuel Waldo's Regiment (d. 1784)
- March 2
- Louis-Michel van Loo, French painter (d. 1771)
- Guillaume Barthez de Marmorières, French civil engineer (d. 1799)
- March 3 – Johan Ihre, Swedish philologist and historical linguist (d. 1780)
- March 7 – Stephen Hopkins, governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (d. 1785)
- March 8
- William Irby, 1st Baron Boston, British peer and Member of Parliament (d. 1775)
- Mary Jones, English poet (d. 1778)
- March 20 – Hugh Boscawen, 2nd Viscount Falmouth (d. 1782)
- March 23
- Stephen van Rensselaer I, second son of Kiliaen van Rensselaer and Maria van Cortlandt (d. 1747)
- Henry Scudamore, 3rd Duke of Beaufort (d. 1745)
- April 4 – Hans Karl von Winterfeldt, Prussian general (d. 1757)
- April 6 – Abraham de Haen, Dutch draughtsman, engraver, painter and poet (d. 1748)
- April 10
- Michel Corrette, French composer (d. 1795)
- Sir John Pringle, 1st Baronet, Scottish physician (d. 1782)
- April 13 – Sir Henry Cavendish, 1st Baronet, British politician who held several appointments in the Kingdom of Ireland (d. 1776)
- April 15
- Stefano Evodio Assemani, Ottoman-born orientalist, translator, working in the Vatican library (d. 1782)
- Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1783)
- Claude Louis, Comte de Saint-Germain (d. 1778)
- April 20 – Robert Foulis, Scottish printer and publisher (d. 1776)
- April 22 – Henry Fielding, English novelist and dramatist known for his earthy humour and satire (d. 1754)
- April 25 – Léopold Clément, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine, French prince (d. 1723)
- April 26 – Johannes Burman, Dutch botanist and physician (d. 1780)
- April 28 – Olivier de Vézin, Canadian ironmaster and chief surveyor of Louisiana (d. 1776)
- May 1 – Herbert Windsor, 2nd Viscount Windsor (d. 1758)
- May 2 – Jean-Baptiste Barrière, French cellist and composer (d. 1747)
- May 12 – Francisco Salzillo, Spanish sculptor (d. 1781)
- May 14 – António Teixeira, Portuguese composer (d. 1774)
- May 19 – Robert Hamilton, moderator (d. 1787)
- May 23 – Carl Linnaeus, Swedish botanist (d. 1778)
- May 31 – Pietro De Martino, Italian mathematician and astronomer (d. 1746)
- June 4
- Benito Fernández de Santa Ana, Franciscan friar, president of the Texas missions of the College of Santa Cruz de Querétaro from 1734 to 1750 (d. 1761)
- Henning Alexander von Kleist, Prussian Lieutenant-General and Chief of Fusiliers (d. 1784)
- June 15 – Johannes Grubenmann, member of the Swiss family Grubenmann who were famous as carpenters and civil engineers (d. 1771)
- June 18 – Pietro Correr, Italian politician and diplomat (d. 1768)
- June 20 – Louis de Cardevac, marquis d'Havrincourt (d. 1767)
- July 7 – Henry Cunningam, Irish Anglican priest (d. 1777)
- July 8 – Jacques-Philippe Le Bas, French engraver (d. 1783)
- July 10 – Sir William Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Little Preston, English landowner and curate (d. 1788)
- July 17 – Johann Joseph von Trautson, Roman Catholic clergyman (d. 1757)
- July 23 – Edward Bentham, Oxford based theologian who in 1763 (d. 1776)
- August 4 – Johann August Ernesti, German Rationalist theologian and philologist (d. 1781)
- August 5 – Pierre Adamoli, French collector (d. 1769)
- August 7 – Carl Günther Ludovici, German philosopher, lexicographer and economist (d. 1778)
- August 20 – Jacques Roettiers, engraver in England and France (d. 1784)
- August 24 – Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, English Methodist leader (d. 1791)
- August 25 – King Louis I of Spain (d. 1724)
- August 27 – Zanetta Farussi, Italian comedic actress (d. 1776)
- August 30 – Johannes Browallius, Finnish and Swedish Lutheran theologian, physicist, botanist, friend of Carl Linnaeus (d. 1755)
- September – Nathan Alcock, English physician (d. 1779)
- September 1 – John Salusbury, Welsh nobleman (d. 1762)
- September 2 – Gian Benedetto Mittarelli, Italian monk and monastic historian (d. 1777)
- September 3 – Johann Peter Süssmilch, German Protestant pastor (d. 1767)
- September 5 – John Forbes, British general (d. 1759)
- September 7 – Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French scientist (d. 1788)
- September 22 – John Rattray, Edinburgh surgeon who served as surgeon to Prince Charles Edward Stuart (d. 1771)
- September 29 – Antoine Clériadus de Choiseul-Beaupré (d. 1774)
- September 30
- Pietro Rotari, Italian painter (d. 1762)
- Richard Trevor, bishop (d. 1771)
- October 4 – Francesco Fontebasso, Italian painter of the late-Baroque or Rococo period of Venice (d. 1769)
- October 6 – Thomas Falkner, English Jesuit missionary (d. 1784)
- October 20 – Thomas Church, British priest and controversialist (d. 1756)
- October 30 – Jeanne Thérèse du Han, Lorraine nobility (d. 1748)
- November 7 – Dieterich Bernhard Ludewig, German organist (d. 1740)
- November 9 – Louis de Pardaillan de Gondrin, French courtier, freemason and great-grandson of Madame de Montespan (d. 1743)
- November 12
- Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim, Archbishop-Elector of Mainz from 1763 to 1774 and Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1768 to 1774 (d. 1774)
- Joseph du Pont Duvivier, Acadian-born military leader of the French (d. 1760)
- November 15 – Prince Adarnase of Kartli, Georgian prince royal (d. 1784)
- November 23 – Anna Karolina Orzelska, adventuress and Polish szlachcianka (noblewoman) (d. 1769)
- November 28 – Giammaria Mazzucchelli, Italian writer, bibliographer and historian (d. 1765)
- December 2
- Karl Christoph von der Goltz, lieutenant general in the Prussian army during the reign of Frederick the Great (d. 1761)
- Johann Julius Hecker, German educator who established the first Realschule and Prussia's first teacher-education institution (d. 1768)
- December 4 – Louise Françoise de Bourbon, Mademoiselle du Maine, granddaughter of Louis XIV of France and his mistress Françoise-Athénaïs (d. 1743)
- December 11 – Paul von Werner, chief of the Prussian Hussar Regiment No. 6 (d. 1785)
- December 17 – Ernest Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (d. 1745)
- December 18
- Walter Calverley-Blackett, British baronet and politician (d. 1777)
- Charles Wesley, English Methodist leader, brother of John Wesley (d. 1788)
- December 22 – Johann Amman, Swiss-Russian botanist (d. 1741)
- December 25 – Sir Joseph Hoare, 1st Baronet, Anglo-Irish politician (d. 1801)
- date unknown
- Giuseppe Bonici, Maltese architect and military engineer (d. 1779)
- Moshe Chaim Luzzatto, Italian rabbi, mystic, and philosopher (d. 1746)
- probable William Hoare, English painter (d. 1792)
1708
- January 1 – Anton Wilhelm Plaz, German physician and botanist (d. 1784)
- January 3 – Johannes Van Rensselaer, member of the prominent colonial Van Rensselaer family (d. 1783)
- January 10 – Donat Nonnotte, French painter who specialized in portraiture (d. 1785)
- January 14 – Charles Armand René de La Trémoille, French soldier and president of the States of Brittany (d. 1741)
- January 15 – Giovanni Salvemini, Italian mathematician and astronomer (d. 1791)
- January 17 – Henry Brydges, 2nd Duke of Chandos (d. 1771)
- January 23 – Luigi Crespi, Italian painter (d. 1779)
- January 25 – Pompeo Batoni, Italian painter (d. 1787)
- January 26 – William Hayes, composer (d. 1777)
- January 27
- Robert Marsham, English naturalist considered to be the founding father of phenology (d. 1797)
- Jean-François-Joseph de Rochechouart, French Roman Catholic Cardinal (d. 1777)
- January 30 – Georg Dionysius Ehret, botanist and entomologist known for his botanical illustrations (d. 1770)
- February 3 – Johann Michael Hartung, German organ builder and public figure from Dürkheim (d. 1763)
- February 8 – Václav Jan Kopřiva, Bohemian composer and organist (d. 1789)
- February 11 – Egidio Duni, Italian composer who studied in Naples and worked in Italy (d. 1775)
- February 15
- Alexander Hume-Campbell, Scottish lawyer and politician (d. 1760)
- Hugh Hume-Campbell, 3rd Earl of Marchmont, Scottish politician (d. 1794)
- February 19 – Scrope Berdmore, English clergyman (d. 1770)
- February 23 – Chauncy Townsend, City of London merchant and a Member of Parliament in the Parliament of Great Britain (d. 1770)
- February 25 – Felix Benda, Bohemian composer and organist (d. 1768)
- February 29
- Louis Charles du Chaffault de Besné, French naval commander (d. 1794)
- Peter Jefferson, father of US President Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) (d. 1757)
- March 5
- Susanna Boylston, prominent early-American socialite (d. 1797)
- Moritz Franz Kasimir von Wobersnow, Prussian major general of infantry and a general adjutant of Frederick the Great (d. 1759)
- March 8 – John Campbell, Scottish author (d. 1775)
- March 15 – John Hulse, British Anglican priest (d. 1790)
- March 17 – Johanna Magdalene of Saxe-Weissenfels, Duchess consort of Courland (d. 1760)
- March 22 – Ernst Henrich Berling, German-Danish book printer and publisher (d. 1750)
- March 26 – Robert Rochfort, 1st Earl of Belvedere (d. 1774)
- March 31 – Jean Chastel, farmer and inn-keeper from the province of Gévaudan in France (d. 1790)
- April 3
- Johann Christian Cuno, German poet (d. 1783)
- Antoine-Gaspard Boucher d'Argis, French lawyer (d. 1791)
- April 5 – Augustin-Joseph de Mailly, French general (d. 1794)
- April 6 – Johann Georg Reutter, Austrian composer (d. 1772)
- April 12 – Rose Fuller, West Indies plantation owner and politician (d. 1777)
- April 18 – James Cholmondeley, British Army officer and Member of Parliament between 1731 and 1747 (d. 1775)
- April 23 – Friedrich von Hagedorn, German poet (d. 1754)
- April 25 – John Seccombe, author (d. 1792)
- April 28 – Johann Rudolf Engau, German jurist (d. 1755)
- May 1 – Lionel Tollemache, 4th Earl of Dysart (d. 1770)
- May 5 – Johann Adolf Scheibe, German-Danish composer and significant critic and theorist of music (d. 1776)
- May 8 – Girolamo Colonna di Sciarra, Italian Catholic Cardinal of the noble Colonna di Sciarra family (d. 1763)
- May 13
- Maximilian Friedrich von Königsegg-Rothenfels, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne and the Bishop of Münster from 1761 to 1784 (d. 1784)
- John Spencer, British nobleman and politician (d. 1746)
- May 25 – Wriothesley Russell, 3rd Duke of Bedford, English nobleman and peer (d. 1732)
- May 29 – Henry Bilson-Legge, English statesman and three times as Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1764)
- May 30 – Daniel Gralath, physicist and a mayor of Danzig (d. 1767)
- June 5 – Roger Townshend, British soldier and Member of Parliament (d. 1760)
- June 17 – Annibale degli Abati Olivieri, Italian archaeologist (d. 1789)
- June 19 – Johann Gottlieb Janitsch, German Baroque composer (d. 1763)
- June 20 – François-Élie Vincent, French painter of portrait miniatures (d. 1790)
- June 24 – Sir Henry Harpur, 5th Baronet, English baronet and politician (d. 1748)
- June 25 – Nicolas Antoine II Coulon de Villiers, French military officer in the King George's War (d. 1750)
- June 29 – Silvester Gardiner, physician (d. 1786)
- July 5 – Thomas Phillips, English Jesuit priest (d. 1774)
- July 8
- Claude-Henri de Fusée de Voisenon, French playwright and writer (d. 1775)
- Johann Jakob Zeiller, Austrian painter (d. 1783)
- July 10 – Johannes Enschedé, Dutch printer (d. 1780)
- July 17 – Frederick Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, member of the House of Hohenzollern (d. 1769)
- July 19 – Philip Francis, Anglo-Irish clergyman and writer (d. 1773)
- July 22 – Nathaniel Ames, Colonial American physician (d. 1764)
- August 26
- Pierre-Joseph Bernard, French military man and salon poet with the reputation of a rake (d. 1775)
- Matteo Capranica, Italian composer (d. 1776)
- August 29 – Olof von Dalin, Swedish nobleman (d. 1763)
- August 31 – Sir John Rogers, 3rd Baronet (d. 1773)
- September 2 – André le Breton, French publisher (d. 1779)[82]
- September 4 – Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay, officer of the marines, colonial administrator for New France (d. 1777)
- September 6 – Charles Stanhope, Member of Parliament (MP) for Derby (d. 1736)
- September 9 – Paul Egede, Dano-Norwegian theologian (d. 1789)
- September 10 – Mathias Collett, Norwegian civil servant (d. 1759)
- September 16 – Catharina Freymann, Norwegian educator and pietist leader (d. 1791)
- September 24 – Manuel Rojo del Río y Vieyra, Archbishop of Manila (d. 1764)
- September 25 – Thomas Wood, British politician and MP (d. 1799)
- September 26 – Ignatius Sichelbart, German-Bohemian Jesuit missionary and painter (d. 1780)
- October 2 – William Sutherland, 17th Earl of Sutherland (d. 1750)
- October 4 – Antonio Francesco Vezzosi, Italian Theatine and biographical writer (d. 1783)
- October 5 – Johann Christoph Petzold, German sculptor who mainly worked in Denmark (d. 1762)
- October 9 – Louis César de La Baume Le Blanc, French nobleman, bibliophile and military man (d. 1780)
- October 12 – John Wall, English physician (d. 1776)
- October 16 – Albrecht von Haller, Swiss anatomist and physiologist (d. 1777)
- October 20 – Francis Webber, Anglican priest (d. 1771)
- October 22
- Antoine-François, marquis de Lambertye, French aristocrat of the Ancien Régime (d. 1777)
- Louis Günther II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1790)
- Frederic Louis Norden, Danish naval captain and explorer (d. 1742)
- October 27
- Hill Boothby, English friend and late love of Samuel Johnson (d. 1756)
- Jean-Rodolphe Perronet, French architect and structural engineer (d. 1794)
- November 7
- William Plumsted, mayor of Philadelphia in 1750 (d. 1765)
- Henry Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle (d. 1750)
- November 15 – William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1778)[83]
- November 16 – Gregorio Babbi, Italian operatic tenor (d. 1768)
- November 28 – Sir John Frederick, 4th Baronet, British politician (d. 1783)
- November 30 – Antoine de Laurès, French poet and playwright from Languedoc (d. 1779)
- December 2
- Theodorick Bland of Cawsons, clerk of the court of Prince George County, Virginia (d. 1784)
- Marianus Königsperger, German composer, organist and Catholic Monk of the Benedictine Order (d. 1769)
- December 3 – Alessandro Ruspoli, 2nd Prince of Cerveteri, 2nd Principe di Cerveteri (d. 1779)
- December 6 – Christopher Dufrost de La Jemeraye, Canadian explorer and cartographer (d. 1736)
- December 8
- Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1765)
- Sir Charles Hanbury Williams, Welsh diplomat, writer and satirist (d. 1759)
- December 10
- John Poulett, 2nd Earl Poulett (d. 1764)
- Peregrine Poulett, British politician and MP (d. 1752)
- December 16 – Robert Livingston, third and final Lord of Livingston Manor (d. 1790)
- December 18 – John Collier, English caricaturist and satirical poet aka Tim Bobbin (d. 1786)
- December 28 – Sigmund von Haimhausen, Bavarian aristocrat (d. 1793)
- date unknown
- Baal Shem of London, German-born Kabbalist (d. 1782)
- Richard Dawes, English classical scholar (d. 1766)
- Elizabeth Scott, British-American poet, hymnwriter (d. 1776)
1709
- January 2 – Teresia Constantia Phillips, British autobiographer (d. 1765)
- January 13 – Mollie Sneden, operator of a ferry service at Palisades, New York in the United States (d. 1810)
- January 17
- Giovanni Ottavio Bufalini, Italian cardinal (d. 1782)
- George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton (d. 1773)
- Margaret Rolle, 15th Baroness Clinton (d. 1781)
- January 24 – Dom Bédos de Celles, Benedictine monk and master pipe organ builder (d. 1779)
- February 7 – Charles de Brosses French writer (d. 1777)
- February 9 – George Venables-Vernon, 1st Baron Vernon, British politician (d. 1780)
- February 11 – William Courtenay, 1st Viscount Courtenay (d. 1762)
- February 12 – Jacques Barbeu-Dubourg, French physician (d. 1779)
- February 16 – Henrika Juliana von Liewen, Swedish political salonnière (d. 1779)
- February 24 – Jacques de Vaucanson, French inventor of mechanical automata (d. 1782)
- February 27 – Timothy Woodbridge American missionary, deacon, schoolteacher, judge, Superintendent of Indian Affairs (d. 1774)
- March 1 – William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland (d. 1762)
- March 10
- James Bentham, English clergyman (d. 1794)
- Georg Wilhelm Steller, German botanist (d. 1746)
- March 14 – Sten Carl Bielke, scientist and member of the Swedish parliament (d. 1753)
- March 17 – Nicolò Arrighetti, Italian professor of natural philosophy (d. 1767)
- March 18 – Johannes Gessner, Swiss mathematician (d. 1790)
- March 31 – Louis-Charles Le Vassor de La Touche, French naval general, governor of Martinique, governor general of the Windward Islands (d. 1781)
- April 2 – Josiah Taft, farmer, local official, and Massachusetts legislator (d. 1756)
- April 6 – Thomas Hopkinson, lawyer (d. 1751)
- April 7 – William Stewart, 1st Earl of Blessington (d. 1769)
- April 14 – Charles Collé, French dramatist and songwriter (d. 1783)
- April 17 – Giovanni Domenico Maraldi, Italian-born astronomer (d. 1788)
- April 27 – Sir Francis Blake, 1st Baronet, of Twizell Castle (d. 1780)
- April 30 – Christian Gottlieb Ludwig, German physician and botanist born in Brieg (d. 1773)
- May 1 – Joachim Wasserschlebe, German-Danish diplomat (d. 1787)
- May 9 – Mihály Salbeck, doctor of philosophy, priest of the Society of Jesus, and teacher (d. 1758)
- May 24 – Théodore Tronchin, Genevan physician (d. 1781)
- May 27 – Margaret Lloyd, Welsh Moravian worker and activist (d. 1762)
- June 4 – Tomás Sánchez, veteran Spanish captain who founded Laredo (d. 1796)
- June 9
- Nathaniel Booth, 4th Baron Delamer, English peer who served as Chairman of Committees in the House of Lords from 1765 (d. 1770)
- Francis Towneley, English Catholic and supporter of the exiled House of Stuart or Jacobite (d. 1746)
- June 11 – Joachim Martin Falbe, German portrait painter (d. 1782)
- June 15 – Louis, Count of Clermont (d. 1771)
- June 28 – Nathan Tupper, farmer (d. 1784)
- July 4 – Antonio Orgiazzi il Vecchio, Italian painter active mainly in the Valselsia (d. 1788)
- July 5 – Étienne de Silhouette, French Ancien Régime Controller-General of Finances under Louis XV (d. 1767)
- July 10 – William Berners, English property developer and slave owner (d. 1783)
- July 11 – Johan Gottschalk Wallerius, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (d. 1785)
- July 15 – Antoine Matthieu Le Carpentier, French architect (d. 1773)
- July 17
- Giovanni Carlo Bandi, Italian Cardinal who served as Bishop of Imola (d. 1784)
- Friedrich Christian Baumeister, German philosopher (d. 1785)
- Giuseppe Antonio Luchi, Italian painter (d. 1774)
- July 24 – James Harris, grammarian (d. 1780)
- August 8
- Hermann Anton Gelinek, German monk and musician (d. 1779)
- Johann Georg Gmelin, German naturalist (d. 1755)
- Tokugawa Ietsugu, seventh shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty (d. 1716)
- August 10 – Jean-Jacques Lefranc, Marquis de Pompignan, French man of letters and erudition (d. 1784)
- August 13 – William Clavering-Cowper, 2nd Earl Cowper, British noble (d. 1764)
- August 16
- Ludvig Harboe, Danish theologian and bishop (d. 1783)
- John Eardley Wilmot, English judge, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (1766–1771) (d. 1792)
- August 18 – John Storr, officer of the Royal Navy (d. 1783)
- August 21 – Frederick Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (d. 1788)
- August 26 – Guillaume Repin, French priest and martyr (d. 1794)
- August 29 – Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gresset, French poet and dramatist (d. 1777)
- August 30 – Frobenius Forster, German Benedictine (d. 1791)
- September 5 – Rudolf Füssli, Swiss painter (d. 1793)
- September 10 – Hachisuka Munekazu, Japanese daimyō of the Edo period (d. 1735)
- September 12 – Charles Somerset, 4th Duke of Beaufort (d. 1756)
- September 17 – Jagat Singh II, Maharana of Mewar Kingdom (d. 1751)
- September 18 – Samuel Johnson, English poet, biographer, essayist, and lexicographer (d. 1784)
- September 29 – Joseph Gerrish, soldier (d. 1774)
- October 5
- Peter Applebye, British-Danish industrialist (d. 1774)
- Ludovico Stern, Italian painter of the Rococo or late-Baroque period (d. 1777)
- October 6 – Edward Kynaston, British landowner and Tory MP (d. 1772)
- October 9
- Jean-Baptiste de Belloy, Archbishop of Paris and cardinal of the Catholic Church (d. 1808)
- John Clayton, English clergyman (d. 1773)
- October 12 – Lord Anne Hamilton, Scottish nobleman (d. 1748)
- October 13 – John Cole, 1st Baron Mountflorence, Irish peer and politician (d. 1767)
- October 16 – Johann Daniel Ritter, German historian (d. 1775)
- October 17 – Jean-Gabriel Berbudeau, French-born surgeon who spent time practicing medicine in eastern Canada (d. 1792)
- October 19 – Sewallis Shirley, British Member of Parliament in the reign of George II (d. 1765)
- October 25
- Georg Gebel, German musician and composer (d. 1753)
- Jan Wagenaar, Dutch historian (d. 1773)
- November 1 – Ignatius von Weitenauer, German Jesuit writer (d. 1783)
- November 2 – Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, Hanoverian-born regent of Friesland (d. 1759)
- November 6 – Christopher Marshall, leader in the American Revolution (d. 1797)
- November 15 – Dirk Klinkenberg, mathematician, amateur astronomer, secretary of the Dutch government for 40 years (d. 1799)
- November 18 – Henry Loftus, 1st Earl of Ely (d. 1783)
- November 22 – Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem, German Lutheran theologian during the Age of Enlightenment (d. 1789)
- November 26 – Battle of Samana
- December 1 – Franz Xaver Richter, Austro-Moravian singer, violinist, composer, conductor and music theoretician (d. 1789)
- December 9 – Pierre II Surette, art of the Acadian and Wabanaki Confederacy resistance against the British Empire in Acadia (d. 1789)
- December 14
- Caspar Friedrich Hachenberg, rector of the Latin school of Wageningen, The Netherlands, and writer of Greek and Latin grammars (d. 1793)
- Charles Lawrence, British military officer who (d. 1760)
- December 18 – Elizabeth of Russia, empress regnant of Russia (d. 1762)
- December 21
- Charles Frederick, MP (d. 1785)
- Arnaud-François Lefèbvre, Apostolic Vicar of Cochin (d. 1760)
- December 24 – Johann Evangelist Holzer, Austrian-German painter (d. 1740)
## Deaths
1700
- January 7 – Raffaello Fabretti, Italian antiquary (b. 1618)
- January 12 – Marguerite Bourgeoys, French founder of the Congregation of Notre Dame of Montreal, in the colony of New France (b. 1620)
- January 21 – Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort, English politician (b. 1629)
- January 30 – Clara Elisabeth von Platen, German noblewoman (b. 1648)
- February 4 – John Bramston the Younger, English lawyer and MP (b. 1611)
- February 5 – Louis Maracci, Italian priest (b. 1612)
- February 12 – Aleksei Shein, Russian commander and statesman (b. 1662)
- February 25 – James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas (b. 1646)
- March 2 – Jankibai, Empress consort of the Maratha Empire as the first wife of Rajaram Chhatrapati (b. 1675)
- March 3
- Chhatrapati Rajaram Raje Bhonsale, 3rd Maratha Emperor (b. 1670)
- Girolamo Casanata, Italian cardinal (b. 1620)
- March 4 – Lorenzo Pasinelli, Italian painter (b. 1629)
- March 8 – William Dunlop, Covenanter (b. c. 1654)
- March 14 – Henry Killigrew, English clergyman and playwright (b. 1613)
- March 18 – Francesco Scannagatta, Roman Catholic prelate and Bishop of Avellino e Frigento (b. 1632)
- March 26 – Heinrich Meibom, German physician and scholar (b. 1638)
- May 1
- Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson, French administrator, diplomat and ambassador to Venetian Republic (b. 1623)
- Francis Winnington, Solicitor-General for England and Wales (b. 1634)
- May 5 – Angelo Italia, Sicilian architect (b. 1628)
- May 12 – John Dryden, English poet and dramatist (b. 1631)
- May 15 – John Hale, American witch hunter and pastor (b. 1636)
- May 18 – Teofil Rutka, Polish philosopher (b. 1622)
- May 23 – Jens Juel, Danish diplomat (b. 1631)
- May 28 – Jan Six, important cultural figure in the Dutch Golden Age (b. 1618)
- May 31 – Agostino Scilla, Italian painter and scientist (b. 1629)
- June 20 – Richard Gilpin, English nonconformist minister and physician (b. 1625)
- June 29 – Olov Svebilius, Swedish priest and professor (b. 1624)
- July 2
- Lambert Doomer, Dutch Golden Age landscape painter (b. 1624)
- Sir Thomas Grosvenor, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1656)
- Hoshina Masakage, Japanese daimyō of the Edo period (b. 1616)
- July 7 – Silvestro Valier, 109th Doge of Venice (b. 1630)
- July 10
- Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten, Dutch Golden Age painter of still lifes and genre scenes (b. 1630)
- John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale, English politician (b. 1655)
- July 19 (found dead) – Thomas Creech, English translator of classical works, headmaster of Sherborne School (b. 1659)
- July 22 – Alderano Cybo, Italian Catholic Cardinal (b. 1613)
- July 30 – Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, member of the English royal family (b. 1689)
- August 17 – Thomas-Claude Renart de Fuchsamberg Amblimont, French naval officer, governor general of the French Antilles (b. 1642)
- August 22 – Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, Mexican academic (b. 1645)
- August 30 – Sir Richard Cust, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1622)
- August 31 – William Savile, 2nd Marquess of Halifax, English noble and politician (b. 1665)
- September 7 – William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford, English noble and politician (b. 1616)
- September 15 – André Le Nôtre, French landscape gardener (b. 1613)
- September 16 – Martyrs of Cajonos, Mexican Catholic converts (b. c. 1660)
- September 23 – Nicolaus Adam Strungk, German composer and violinist (b. 1640)
- September 27 – Pope Innocent XII, born Antonio Pignatelli (b. 1615)
- September 30 – Lorenzo Trotti, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Pavia (1672–1700) (b. 1633)
- October 1 – Sir Samuel Grimston, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1643)
- October 16 – Patriarch Adrian of Moscow, Russian Orthodox Church leader (b. 1627)
- October 17 – Eligio Caracciolo, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Cosenza (1694–1700) (b. 1654)
- October 23 – Anne Marie de Bourbon, daughter of the Prince of Condé and of a Bavarian princess (b. 1675)
- October 27 – Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé, abbot of La Trappe Abbey, founder of the Trappists (b. 1626)
- October 31 – Sir Robert Napier, 1st Baronet, of Punknoll (b. 1642)
- November 1 – Charles II of Spain, King of Spain; last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire (b. 1661)
- November 2 – Francis Turner, English bishop (b. 1637)
- November 4 – Sebastián de Pastrana, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Paraguay (1693–1700) (b. 1633)
- November 11 – Sophie Angelika of Württemberg-Oels, by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt (b. 1677)
- November 16 – Paul Rycaut, British diplomat (b. 1629)
- November 18 – Robert Walpole, English Whig politician, soldier and member of parliament (b. 1650)
- November 25 – Stephanus Van Cortlandt, first native-born mayor of New York City (b. 1643)
- November 26 – Tokugawa Mitsutomo, daimyō of Owari Domain during early Edo period Japan (b. 1625)
- December 5 – Mata Jito, first wife of the tenth Sikh Guru (b. 1673)
- December 13 – Inoha Seihei, bureaucrat of the Ryukyu Kingdom (b. 1648)
- December 15 – Juan Alfonso Valerià y Aloza, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Lérida (1699–1700) (b. 1643)
- December 16 – Thomas Morgan, English politician (b. 1664)
- December 18 – Edward Harley, English politician (b. 1624)
- December 20 – Mary Bradbury, accused witch in Salem, Massachusetts (b. 1615)
- date unknown
- Caius Gabriel Cibber, Danish sculptor working in England (b. 1630)
- Kamalakara, Indian astronomer and mathematician (b. 1616)
- Louis Jolliet, Canadian explorer (b. 1645)
1701
- January 3
- Fernand Palma d'Artois, Vicar Apostolic of Great Mogul and Titular Archbishop of Ancyra (b. 1623)
- Louis I, Prince of Monaco, Monegasque prince (b. 1642)
- January 4
- Luís de Sousa, cardinal (b. 1630)
- Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg, Austrian field marshal (b. 1638)
- January 6 – Toussaint Rose, French writer (b. 1611)
- January 14 – Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Japanese warlord (b. 1628)
- January 17 – Domenico Belisario de Bellis, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Molfetta (1696–1701) (b. 1647)
- January 18 – Sir John Fagg, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1627)
- January 27 – James Graham, English born colonial American politician (b. 1650)
- February 10 – Savo Millini, Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1644)
- February 15 – François de Clermont-Tonnerre, French aristocrat and cleric (b. 1629)
- February 27 – Christiana Oxenstierna, Swedish noble (b. 1661)
- March 15 – Jean Renaud de Segrais, French writer (b. 1624)
- March 19 – John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater, English politician (b. 1646)
- March 31 – Thomas van Rhee, Governor of Dutch Ceylon (b. 1634)
- April 2 – Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk (b. 1655)
- April 4 – Joseph Haines, English entertainer and author
- April 8 – Alexander Sforza, Titular Archbishop of Neocaesarea in Ponto and Apostolic Nuncio to Savoy (b. 1658)
- April 18 – Henry, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg, (1662–1701) (b. 1641)
- April 21 – Asano Naganori, Japanese warlord (b. 1667)
- April 24 – Fernando de Carvajal y Ribera, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Santo Domingo (b. 1632)
- May 8
- Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey, English noble (b. 1630)
- Jacob de Heusch, Dutch painter (b. 1656)
- May 18 – Niwa Mitsushige, Edo period Japanese samurai, 2nd Niwa daimyō of Shirakawa Domain and the 1st Niwa daimyō of Nihonmatsu Domain (b. 1622)
- May 20
- Rosine Elisabeth Menthe, morganatic wife of Duke Rudolf August of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (b. 1663)
- Christiana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, duchess consort of Saxe-Merseburg (b. 1634)
- May 23
- Captain William Kidd, Scottish privateer (b. 1645)
- Anne Hilarion de Tourville, French naval commander who served under King Louis XIV (b. 1642)
- May 26 – Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Danish-German princess (b. 1633)
- May 30 – Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon, 17th-century English politician and Jacobite (b. 1650)
- June 2
- Madeleine de Scudéry, French writer (b. 1607)[84]
- Anna Stanisławska, Polish author and poet known for her sole work (b. 1651)
- June 7 – Charles Cotterell, English courtier (b. 1615)
- June 9 – Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, younger son of Louis XIII of France and his wife (b. 1640)
- June 24 – Ford Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville (b. 1655)
- July 5 – Pier Matteo Petrucci, Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1636)
- July 7 – William Stoughton, American judge at the Salem witch trials (b. 1631)
- July 12 – Giovanni Battista Nepita, Bishop of Massa Lubrense and Bishop of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi e Bisaccia (b. 1624)
- July 14 – Lorenzo Kreutter de Corvinis, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Vieste (1697–1701) (b. 1658)
- July 16 – Justus Danckerts, Dutch artist (b. 1635)
- August 6 – William Hedges, the first governor of the East India Company (b. 1632)
- August 20 – Sir Charles Sedley, 5th Baronet, English playwright (b. 1639)[85]
- August 22 – John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath, English royalist statesman (b. 1628)
- August 31 – Samuel Chappuzeau, French scholar (b. 1625)
- September 4 – Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath, English diplomat (b. 1661)
- September 15 – Edmé Boursault, French writer (b. 1638)
- September 16 – James II of England, King of England and Ireland, and of Scotland (as James VII) (b. 1633)
- September 17 – Stanislaus Papczyński, Polish priest (b. 1631)
- September 19 – Walter Moyle, English politician (b. 1627)
- September 20 – Bernard Granville, courtier of King Charles II and MP (b. 1631)
- September 28 – Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein, German noblewoman (b. 1632)
- October 3 – Joseph Williamson, English politician (b. 1633)
- November 1 – Alexander Stuart, 5th Earl of Moray, Scottish nobleman (b. 1634)
- November 5 – Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, French-born English politician (b. c. 1659)
- November 9 – Hui-bin Jang, Korean royal consort (b. 1659)
- November 27 – Maurizio Bertone, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Fossano (1678–1701) (b. 1639)
- November 29 – Carlo Labia, Archbishop (Personal Title) of Adria and Archbishop of Corfù (b. 1624)
- December 2 – Zofia Czarnkowska Opalińska, mother-in-law of King Stanislaus I of Poland (b. 1660)
- December 21 – Sir Hugh Paterson, 1st Baronet, Scottish landowner (b. 1659)
1702
- January 2 – Christian Adolf I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen, German nobleman (b. 1641)
- January 7 – Ernst von Trautson, Austrian Roman Catholic clergyman who was Prince-Bishop of Vienna (b. 1633)
- January 17 – Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski, Polish noble (b. 1642)
- February 16 – John Milner, English clergyman (b. 1628)
- February 17 – Peder Syv, Danish historian (b. 1631)
- February 27 – Münejjim Bashi, Ottoman astrologer, Sufi, and historian
- March 2 – Giuseppe de Lazzara, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Alife (1676–1702) (b. 1626)
- March 4 – Ignatius Gregory Peter VI Shahbaddin, Patriarch of the Syriac Catholic Church from 1678 to 1702 (b. c. 1641)
- March 8
- (buried) Jan de Baen, Dutch portrait painter (b. 1633)
- King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (b. 1650)
- March 18 – Johannes Rothe, Dutch preacher (b. 1628)
- March 23 – Joseph Oriol, Spanish Catholic priest, saint (b. 1650)
- March 24 – Sir James Clavering, 1st Baronet, English landowner (b. 1620)
- April 2 – Iver Leganger, Norwegian priest, non-fiction writer (b. 1629)
- April 3
- Sir Henry Goring, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1622)
- Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski, Polish nobleman (b. 1634)
- April 12 – Paul Mezger, Austrian Benedictine theologian and academic (b. 1637)
- April 20 – Anna Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury, English countess (b. 1642)
- April 22 – François Charpentier, French archaeologist and man of letters (b. 1620)
- April 23 – Margaret Fell, English Quaker leader (b. 1614)
- April 27
- Jean Bart, French naval commander and privateer (b. 1650)
- Emich Christian of Leiningen-Dagsburg, count (b. 1642)
- May 10 – Antonio Gherardi, Italian painter (b. 1638)
- May 14 – Marc Hyacinthe de Rosmadec, French naval officer, appointed governor general of the French Antilles but died before taking office (b. 1635)
- May 17 – Jan Wyck, Dutch military painter (b. 1645)
- May 26 – Zeb-un-Nissa, Mughal princess and poet, imprisoned by her father for the last 20 years of her life (b. 1638)
- May 27 – Dominique Bouhours, French critic (b. 1628)
- June 1 – François Provost, career soldier from France who served in New France in 1665 (b. 1638)
- June 2 – John Moore, Member of Parliament for the City of London (b. 1620)
- June 7 – Benedetto Giacinto Sangermano, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Nusco (1680–1702) (b. 1638)
- June 20
- John Leyburn, English Roman Catholic bishop, Vicar Apostolic of England (b. 1615)
- Ippolito Vicentini, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Rieti (1670–1702) (b. 1638)
- July 12 – Nanbu Shigenobu, Edo period Japanese samurai (b. 1616)
- July 19 – Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (b. 1671)
- July 26 – Vincent van der Vinne, Dutch Mennonite painter (b. 1628)
- August 1 – Sir William Courtenay, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1628)
- August 8 – Callinicus II of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1630)
- August 14 – Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons and Prince of Savoy (b. 1657)
- August 15 – Charles, Prince of Commercy, French field marshal (b. 1661)
- September 11 – Sir Robert Southwell, English diplomat (b. 1635)
- September 12 – Alfonso Basilio Ghetaldo, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Stagno (1694–1702) (b. 1647)
- September 17 – Olaus Rudbeck, Swedish architect (b. 1630)
- September 20 – William Campion, English politician (b. 1640)
- September 28 – Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, English statesman (b. 1641)
- October 14 – Franz Anton, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (b. 1657)
- October 15
- Frances Stewart, Duchess of Richmond, famous for refusing to become a mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1647)
- Countess Sophie Henriette of Waldeck, Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen (b. 1662)
- October 16 – Francesco Casati, Roman Catholic prelate, Titular Archbishop of Trapezus (1670–1702) (b. 1620)
- October 17
- François Genet, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Vaison (1686–1702) (b. 1640)
- Walrad, Prince of Nassau-Usingen, German prince and founder of the line of Nassau-Usingen (b. 1636)
- October 22 – Guy Aldonce de Durfort de Lorges, French noble and soldier (b. 1630)
- October 27 – Niccolò Radulovich, Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1627)
- November 2 – Andrés de las Navas y Quevedo, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Santiago de Guatemala (1682–1702) (b. 1632)
- November 4 – John Benbow, English officer in the Royal Navy (b. 1653)
- November 5 – William Stanley, 9th Earl of Derby (b. 1655)
- November 13 – Dudley Bradstreet, American magistrate, Justice of the Peace of Andover (b. 1648)
- November 26 – Gerrit de Heere, Governor of Dutch Ceylon during its Dutch period (b. 1657)
- November 29 – Nanbu Yukinobu, early to mid-Edo period Japanese samurai (b. 1642)
- December 8
- Christopher Comstock, early settler of Norwalk (b. 1635)
- Philippe, Chevalier de Lorraine, French nobleman and member of the House of Guise (b. 1643)
- Bartolomeo Riberi, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Nicotera (1691–1702) (b. 1640)
- December 16 – Henry FitzJames, illegitimate son of King James II of England and VII of Scotland by Arabella Churchill (b. 1673)
- December 26 – Fitton Gerard, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield, English politician, earl (b. 1663)
1703
- January 9 – Úrsula Micaela Morata, Spanish writer (b. 1628)
- January 11 – Johann Georg Graevius, German classical scholar and critic (b. 1632)[86]
- January 16 – Erik Dahlbergh, Swedish engineer, soldier and field marshal (b. 1625)
- February 5 – Phetracha, king of Ayutthaya (b. 1632)
- February 15 – Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian (b. 1636)
- February 18
- Thomas Hyde, English orientalist (b. 1636)
- Ilona Zrínyi, Hungarian heroine (b. 1643)
- February 20 – John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford, British noble (b. 1686)
- February 28 – Sir Roger Twisden, 2nd Baronet of England (b. 1640)
- March 3 – Robert Hooke, English scientist (b. 1635)[87]
- March 12 – Aubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxford (b. 1627)
- March 31 – Johann Christoph Bach, German composer (b. 1642)[88]
- April 1 – Thomas Jermyn, 2nd Baron Jermyn, Governor of Jersey (b. 1633)
- April 20 – Lancelot Addison, English royal chaplain (b. 1632)[89]
- May 3 – Sir Richard Howe, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1621)
- May 6 – John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl (b. 1631)
- May 16 – Charles Perrault, French author (b. 1628)[90]
- May 26
- Louis-Hector de Callière, French politician (b. 1648)
- Samuel Pepys, English civil servant and diarist (b. 1633)[91]
- June 14 – Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer (b. 1625)
- June 19 – William Stanhope, English politician (b. 1626)
- July 17 – Roemer Vlacq I, Dutch naval captain (b. 1637)
- July 20
- Changning, prince during the Qing dynasty (b. 1657)
- Statz Friedrich von Fullen, German-born nobleman (b. 1638)
- August 10 – Fuquan (prince), Chinese Qing dynasty prince (b. 1653)
- August 21 – Thomas Tryon, British hat maker (b. 1634)
- September 22 – Vincenzo Viviani, Italian mathematician and scientist (b. 1622)
- September 25 – Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll, Scottish privy councillor (b. 1658)
- September 29 – Charles de Saint-Évremond, French soldier (b. 1610)
- September 30 – Walter J. Johnson, English explorer, fur trader (b. 1611)
- October 3 – Alessandro Melani, Italian composer (b. 1639)
- October 5 – Anthony Ettrick, English politician (b. 1622)
- October 8 – Tomás Marín de Poveda, 1st Marquis of Cañada Hermosa, Royal Governor of Chile (b. 1650)
- October 11 – Roger Cave, English politician (b. 1655)
- October 14 – Thomas Kingo, Danish bishop (b. 1634)
- October 28 – John Wallis, English mathematician (b. 1616)
- November 19 – The Man in the Iron Mask, French prisoner (identity unknown)
- November 27 – Henry Winstanley, English engineer (b. 1644)
- November 30 – Nicolas de Grigny, French organist and composer (b. 1672)[92]
- December 28 – Mustafa II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1664)
- date unknown &ndash Anastasiya Dabizha, princess of Moldavia and Wallachia and Hetmana of Ukraine.
1704
- January 4 – Giambattista Spinola, Italo-Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1615)
- January 8 – Lorenzo Bellini, Italian physician, anatomist (b. 1643)
- January 21
- Francisco de la Puebla González, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Santiago de Chile (1694–1704) (b. 1643)
- Willem Bastiaensz Schepers, Dutch admiral (b. 1619)
- January 26 – Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (b. 1627)
- February 2 – Guillaume François Antoine, Marquis de l'Hôpital, French mathematician (b. 1661)
- February 8 – Johann Philipp Jeningen, German Roman Catholic priest from Eichstätt in Bavaria (b. 1642)
- February 18 – Johann Philipp d'Arco (b. 1652)
- February 21 – John Charles, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen, German prince, ancestor of the cadet branch of the royal family of Bavaria (b. 1638)
- February 23
- Steven Blankaart, Dutch entomologist (b. 1650)
- Georg Muffat, German composer (b. 1645)
- Henry Noris, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1631)
- February 24 – Marc-Antoine Charpentier, French composer (b. 1643)
- February 25 – Isabella Leonarda, Italian composer (b. 1620)
- March 1 – Joseph Parrocel, French Baroque painter (b. 1646)
- March 6 – Giuseppe Cei, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Cortona (1695–1704) (b. 1640)
- March 16 – Deane Winthrop, 6th son of Governor John Winthrop (b. 1623)
- March 17 – Menno van Coehoorn, Dutch military engineer (b. 1641)
- March 31 – Christian Stockfleth, Norwegian civil servant and diplomat (b. 1639)
- April 5 – Christian Ulrich I, Duke of Württemberg-Oels, German nobleman (b. 1652)
- April 8
- Hiob Ludolf, German orientalist (b. 1624)
- Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney, English politician and army officer (b. 1641)
- April 10 – Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg, Bishop of Strassburg (b. 1629)
- April 12 – Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, French bishop and theologian (b. 1627)
- April 14
- Thomas Fitch, founding settler of Norwalk, Connecticut (b. 1612)
- Henderson Walker, Acting Deputy Governor of North Carolina from 1699 to 1704 (b. 1659)
- April 15 – Johannes Hudde, Dutch mathematician and mayor of Amsterdam (b. 1628)
- April 17 – Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, leading Norwegian general during the Scanian War (b. 1638)
- April 20 – Agnes Block, Dutch horticulturalist (b. 1629)
- May 3
- Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber, Austrian composer (b. 1644)
- Estephan El Douaihy, Lebanese Maronite Patriarch, historian (b. 1630)
- May 8 – Sir John Cordell, 3rd Baronet, English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1701 (b. 1677)
- May 12 – Charles Thomas, Prince of Vaudémont (b. 1670)
- May 13 – Louis Bourdaloue, French Jesuit preacher (b. 1632)[93]
- May 15 – Francis Pigott, English Baroque composer and organist (b. 1665)
- May 18 – David van der Plas, Dutch Golden Age portrait painter (b. 1647)
- May 30 – Emmanuel Lebrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince of the House of Ascania, ruler of Anhalt-Köthen (b. 1671)
- June 13 – Arthur Rose, Scottish minister (b. 1634)
- June 15 – Anna Eriksdotter becomes the last person to be executed for Witchcraft in Sweden. (b. 1624)
- June 18 – Tom Brown, English satirist (b. 1662)
- June 27 – Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg (b. 1679)
- June 30 – John Quelch, English pirate who had a lucrative but very brief career of about one year (b. 1666)
- July 2 – John Adolphus, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (b. 1634)
- July 3 – Sofia Alekseyevna of Russia, regent (b. 1657)
- July 7 – Pierre-Charles Le Sueur, French fur trader and explorer (b. c. 1657)
- July 14 – Sophia Alekseyevna of Russia (b. 1657)
- July 17 – Juan Manuel Mercadillo, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Córdoba (1695–1704) (b. 1643)
- July 18 – Benjamin Keach, English Particular Baptist preacher (b. 1640)
- July 20 – Peregrine White, first English child born in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1620)
- July 28 – Juan de Porras y Atienza, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Coria (1684–1704) and Bishop of Ceuta (1681–1684) (b. 1627)
- August 11 – Francis Barlow, English painter (b. c. 1626)
- August 14 – Roland Laporte, French Protestant leader (b. 1675)
- August 19 – Jane Leade, English Christian mystic (b. 1624)
- September 6 – Francesco Provenzale, Italian Baroque composer and teacher (b. 1624)
- September 21 – Maria Antonia Scalera Stellini, 17th-century Italian poet and playwright (b. 1634)
- September 23 – Alessandro Croce, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Cremona (1697–1704) (b. 1650)
- October 2 – Carlo Barberini, Italian Catholic cardinal and member of the Barberini family (b. 1630)
- October 28
- John Locke, English philosopher (b. 1632)
- Goodwin Wharton, British politician (b. 1653)
- October 30 – Princess Frederica Amalia of Denmark, daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark (b. 1649)
- November 1 – John Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Dornburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (b. 1656)
- November 4 – Andreas Acoluthus, German orientalist (b. 1654)
- November 8 – Tommaso Guzzoni, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Sora (1681–1702) (b. 1632)
- November 16 – Chikka Devaraja, fourteenth maharaja of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1673 to 1704 (b. 1645)
- November 20 – Charles Plumier, French botanist (b. 1646)
- November 28 – Countess Palatine Magdalena Claudia of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler, daughter of the Count Palatine Christian II (b. 1668)
- December 1 – Joan Huydecoper II, Dutch mayor (b. 1625)
- December 4 – William Byrd I, native of Shadwell (b. 1652)
- December 5 – Louis Hennepin, Roman Catholic priest, missionary of the Franciscan Recollet Order (French (b. 1626)
- December 11 – Roger L'Estrange, English pamphleteer, author (b. 1616)
- December 13 – Gábor Esterházy, Hungarian imperial general and noble (b. 1673)
- December 22
- Paolo Boccone, Italian botanist from Sicily (b. 1633)
- Selim I Giray, four times khan of the Crimean Khanate (b. 1631)
- December 27 – Hans Albrecht von Barfus, field marshal in the service of Brandenburg and Prussia (b. 1635)
1705
- January 7 – Giovanni Battista Spínola, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Genoa (1694–1705) (b. 1625)
- January 10 – Johannes van Haensbergen, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1642)
- January 12 – Luca Giordano, Italian artist (b. 1634)
- January 14 – Madame d'Aulnoy (b. 1650)
- January 17 – John Ray, English naturalist (b. 1627)
- January 21 – Claude-François Ménestrier, French heraldist, Jesuit, courtier (b. 1631)
- February 1 – Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, first Queen consort in Prussia as wife of King Frederick I (b. 1668)
- February 5 – Philipp Spener, German Christian theologian known as the Father of Pietism (b. 1635)
- February 13 – Charles Auger, French colonial administrator (b. 1644)
- February 15 – Jean-Baptiste de Gennes (b. 1656)
- February 18 – William "Tangier" Smith, Moroccan mayor (b. 1655)
- March 10 – John Temple, Irish politician (b. 1632)
- March 13 – Curt Christoph von Koppelow (b. 1624)
- March 22 – Christian Heinrich Postel, German jurist (b. 1658)
- April 2 – John Howe, English Puritan theologian (b. 1630)
- April 5 – Itō Jinsai, Japanese philosopher (b. 1627)
- April 6 – Odoardo Cibo, Roman Catholic prelate and Titular Patriarch of Constantinople (1689–1705) (b. 1619)
- April 17 – Uldericus Nardi, Roman Catholic prelate and Bishop of Bagnoregio (1698–1705) (b. 1637)
- May 5
- Johann Ernst Glück, German theologian, translator (b. 1652)
- Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1640)
- June 10 – Michael Wigglesworth, Puritan minister (b. 1631)
- July 5 – Alonso Antonio de San Martín, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Cuenca (1681–1705) and Bishop of Oviedo (1675–1681) (b. 1642)
- July 13 – Titus Oates, English priest who fabricated the "Popish Plot" (b. 1649)
- July 27 – Elizabeth Wilbraham (b. 1632)
- July 30 – Nathaniel Felton, landowner in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and served as a juryman (b. 1615)
- July 31
- Lucio Borghesi, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Chiusi (1682–1705) (b. 1642)
- Maria Hueber, Catholic nun (b. 1653)
- August 6 – Johann Ferdinand of Auersperg, second Prince of Auersperg and Duke of Silesia-Münsterberg from 1677 until his death (b. 1655)
- August 13 – Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné, French aristocrat (b. 1646)
- August 16 – Jacob Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1654)
- August 28
- Ludvig Stoud, Danish-Norwegian theologian and priest (b. 1649)
- George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1624)
- September 2 – Giacinto Camillo Maradei, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Policastro (1696–(b. 1636)
- September 4 – Peter Barwick, English physician and author (b. 1619)
- September 12 – Sir John Hoskyns, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1634)
- September 13
- Albert Angell, Norwegian civil servant (b. 1660)
- Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt, Field Marshal in the Austrian army (b. 1669)
- Emeric Thököly, Hungarian nobleman (b. 1657)
- September 17 – Gregorio Compagni, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Larino (1703–1705) and Bishop of Sansepolcro (1696–1705) (b. 1640)
- September 26 – Tommaso d'Aquino, bishop of Sessa Aurunca (b. 1635)
- September 30 – Anne Camm, early British Quaker preacher (b. 1627)
- October 9 – Johann Christoph Wagenseil, German Christian Hebraist (b. 1633)
- October 11 – Guillaume Amontons, French physicist and instrument maker (b. 1663)
- October 17 – Ninon de l'Enclos, French author (b. 1620)
- October 27 – Thyrsus González de Santalla, Spanish theologian, 13th Superior General of the Society of Jesus (b. 1624)
- November 6 – John Platt, American settler (b. 1632)
- November 10 – Justine Siegemund, German midwife (b. 1636)
- November 15 – Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach, German noblewoman (b. 1661)
- November 21 – John Deming, early Puritan settler and original patentee of the Connecticut Colony (b. c. 1615)
- November 23 – Prince William of Denmark, youngest son of Christian V of Denmark and Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (b. 1687)
- December 7 – William Lowther, English landowner and politician (b. 1639)
- December 12 – John Easton, political leader in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (b. 1624)
- December 18 – Valentin Stansel, Czech Jesuit astronomer who worked in Brazil (b. 1621)
- December 22 – Bhai Bachittar Singh, Indian Sikh martyr (b. 1664)
- December 23 – Princess Luise Dorothea of Prussia (b. 1680)
- December 26 – Fateh Singh, fourth and youngest son of Guru Gobind Singh (b. 1697)
- December 31 – Catherine of Braganza, widowed queen consort of Charles II of England and regent of Portugal (b. 1638)
- date unknown – Meg Shelton, alleged witch from Lancashire
1706
- January 10 – Luisa Roldán, Spanish artist (b. 1652)
- January 17 – Sir John Lowther, 2nd Baronet, of Whitehaven, English politician (b. 1642)
- January 21 – Adrien Baillet, French scholar and critic (b. 1649)
- January 29 – Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset, English poet and courtier (b. 1638)
- February 5 – Pierre du Cambout de Coislin, French prelate (b. 1636)
- February 12 – Balthasar Kindermann, German poet (b. 1636)
- February 27 – John Evelyn, English writer, gardener and diarist (b. 1620)
- March 1 – Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming, German field marshal and Governor of Berlin (b. 1632)
- March 3 – Johann Pachelbel, German composer (b. 1653)
- March 6 – García Felipe de Legazpi y Velasco Altamirano y Albornoz, Spanish Catholic prelate, Bishop of Tlaxcala (b. 1643)
- March 31 – Sultan Muhammad Akbar, Mughal prince (b. 1657)
- April 8 – Caspar Schamberger, German surgeon and merchant (b. 1623)
- April 10 – Arthur Chichester, 3rd Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier (b. 1666)
- April 12 – Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Berkshire, English earl and politician (b. 1619)
- April 25 – Thomas Hinckley, last colonial governor of Plymouth Colony (b. 1618)
- April 27 – Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1675–1706) (b. 1649)
- May 2 – Georg Joseph Kamel, Jesuit missionary and botanist (b. 1661)
- May 26 – Marcantonio Barbarigo, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and venerable (b. 1640)
- July 2 – Beatriz Kimpa Vita, Congolese prophet (b. 1684)
- July 9 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, French founder of the colony of Louisiana (b. 1661)
- August 6 – Jean-Baptiste du Hamel, French cleric and natural philosopher (b. 1624)
- August 23 – Edward Nott, British Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1654)
- August 26 – Michael Willmann, German painter (b. 1630)
- September 1 – Cornelis de Man, Dutch painter (b. 1621)
- September 9 – Ferdinand de Marsin, Marshal of France (b. 1656)
- September 16 – Matthias Petersen, sea captain and whaler from the North Frisian island of Föhr (b. 1632)
- September 26 – Onofrio Gabrieli, Italian painter (b. 1619)
- October 13 – Iyasus I of Ethiopia (b. 1682)
- October 17 – William Jones, English lawyer, Deputy Governor of Connecticut (b. 1624)
- October 26 – Andreas Werckmeister, German organist, music theorist, and composer (b. 1645)
- November 9 – Peter Mews, English Royalist theologian and bishop (b. 1619)
- November 15 – Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama (b. 1683)
- November 16 – Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest, Dutch admiral (b. 1642)
- November 20 – Sir Thomas Roberts, 4th Baronet, English politician (b. 1658)
- December 3 – Countess Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen, German noblewoman and hymn author (b. 1637)
- December 9 – King Peter II of Portugal (b. 1648)
- December 12 – Christian Louis, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen (1645–1692) and Count of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1692–1706) (b. 1635)
- December 28 – Pierre Bayle, French philosopher (b. 1647)
- Byerley Turk, thoroughbred stallion (b. c. 1684)
- Jeanne Dumée, French astronomer (b. 1660)
1707
- January 1 – Eleanor de Moura, former Spanish viceroy of Sicily (b. c. 1642)
- January 4 – Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden, Germany (b. 1655)
- January 8 – John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of Stair, Scottish politician (b. 1648)
- January 10 – Philibert, comte de Gramont, French writer (b. 1621)
- January 16 – William Bowes, English politician (b. 1657)
- January 20
- Humphrey Hody, English theologian (b. 1659)
- Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch, Hungarian Catholic cardinal (b. 1631)
- January 22 – Richard Towneley, English mathematician and astronomer from Towneley near Burnley (b. 1629)
- February 22 – Giacinto Calandrucci, Italian painter (b. 1646)
- March 3 – Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor of India (b. 1618)
- March 17 – Elisabeth Charlotte, Countess of Holzappel (b. 1640)
- March 27 – Jean-François Gerbillon, French Jesuit missionary active in China (b. 1654)
- March 30 – Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, French noble and military engineer noted for designing fortifications (b. 1633)
- April 2 – Gérard Edelinck, Flemish engraver (b. 1640)
- April 6 – Willem van de Velde the Younger, Dutch painter (b. 1633)
- April 24 – Walter Charleton, English natural philosopher (b. 1619)
- April 26 – Johann Christoph Denner, German musical instrument maker (b. 1655)
- April 28 – Christian, Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg (b. 1653)
- April 29 – George Farquhar, Irish dramatist (b. 1677)
- May 3 – Michiel de Swaen, Flemish poet (b. 1654)
- May 9 – Dieterich Buxtehude, German composer (b. c. 1637)
- May 10 – Johann Ernst III, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (b. 1664)
- May 19 – Jean II d'Estrées, French noble (b. 1624)
- May 21 – Joan Geelvinck, Dutch politician (b. 1644)
- May 24 – Henri Albert de La Grange d'Arquien, French Catholic cardinal (b. 1613)
- May 27 – Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, mistress of King Louis XIV of France (b. 1641)
- May 31 – Simon Patrick, English theologian and bishop (b. 1626)
- June 8 – Muhammad Azam Shah, Mughal emperor (b. 1653)
- June 15 – Giorgio Baglivi, Armenian doctor and writer (b. 1668)
- June 21 – Robert Phelips, English politician (b. 1619)
- June 23 – John Mill, English theologian (b. c. 1645)
- June 27 – Johann Zahn, German author (b. 1641)
- August 7 – Henry Poley, English politician (b. 1654)
- August 18 – William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire, English soldier, statesman (b. 1640)
- August 20 – Nicolas Gigault, French organist and composer (b. 1627)
- September 12 – Samuel Willard, American theologian (b. 1640)
- September 15 – George Stepney, British poet and diplomat (b. 1663)
- September 21 – Wilhelmus Beekman, Dutch politician (b. 1623)
- September 24 – Vincenzo da Filicaja, Italian poet (b. 1642)
- October 10 – Johann Patkul, Livonian nobleman, politician (b. 1660)
- October 22 – Sir Cloudesley Shovell, British admiral, drowned (b. 1650)
- November 26 – Leonhard Dientzenhofer, German architect (b. 1660)
- November 27 – Fitz-John Winthrop, Governor of the Connecticut Colony (b. 1637)
- December 1 – Jeremiah Clarke, English composer and organist, suicide (b. 1674)
- December 24
- Noël Coypel, French painter (b. 1628)
- Karolina of Legnica-Brieg, Silesian noblewoman (b. 1652)
- December 27
- Robert Leke, 3rd Earl of Scarsdale, English earl, politician (b. 1654)
- Jean Mabillon, French palaeographer, diplomat (b. 1632)
- date unknown
- Maria Clara Eimmart, German astronomer, engraver and designer (b. 1676)
- Julie d'Aubigny, French swordswoman, opera singer (b. 1670)
- Umze Peljor, Bhutanese head of government and monk
1708
- January 31 – Friedrich Seyler, Swiss theologian (b. 1642)
- March 5 – William Beveridge, English Bishop of St. Asaph (b. 1637)
- March 15 – William Walsh, English/British politician (b. 1662)
- March 19 – Samuel Rodigast, German poet, hymnwriter (b. 1649)
- April 5 – Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach, German prince (b. 1661)
- April 17 – Jacques Gravier, French Jesuit missionary in the New World (b. 1651)
- April 20 – Damaris Cudworth Masham, English philosopher (b. 1659)
- April 23 – Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1632–1708) (b. 1622)
- May 6 – François de Laval, first bishop of New France (b. 1623)
- May 11 – Jules Hardouin-Mansart, French Baroque architect (b. 1646)
- May 12 – Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1658)
- June 5 – Ignatius George II, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch (b. 1648)[94]
- June 21 – John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Belhaven and Stenton, Scottish politician (b. 1656)
- June 28 – Melchor Liñán y Cisneros, Spanish Catholic archbishop (b. 1629)
- June 30 – Emperor Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (stabbed to death) (b. 1706)
- July 5 – Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, only child of Duke Charles II (b. 1652)
- July 10 – James Kendall, English soldier, politician (b. 1647)
- July 21 – Conrad von Reventlow, Danish statesman and the first Grand Chancellor of Denmark (b. 1644)
- August 1 – Edward Tyson, British scientist (b. 1651)
- September 6 – Sir John Morden, 1st Baronet, English merchant and philanthropist (b. 1623)
- September 19 – Francis Newport, 1st Earl of Bradford, English politician (b. 1620)
- September 29 – Sir James Oxenden, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1641)
- October 1 – John Blow, British composer (b. 1649)
- October 2 – Anne Jules de Noailles, French general (b. 1650)
- October 7 – Guru Gobind Singh, 10th Guru Sahib of Sikhism, social reformist, poet and revolutionary (b. 1666)
- October 9 – Olympia Mancini, French courtier (b. 1638)
- October 10 – David Gregory, Scottish astronomer (b. 1659)
- October 11 – Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician (b. 1651)[95]
- October 21 – Christian Weise, German writer, dramatist, poet, pedagogue and librarian (b. 1642)
- October 22
- Cesare Pronti, Italian painter (b. 1626)
- Hermann Witsius, Dutch theologian (b. 1636)[96]
- October 24 – Seki Kōwa, Japanese mathematician (b. c. 1640)
- October 28 – Prince George of Denmark, consort of Anne, Queen of Great Britain (b. 1653)
- October 31 – Nathaniel Higginson, English politician (b. 1652)
- November 3 – Countess Henriette Catherine of Nassau, daughter of Frederick Henry (b. 1637)
- November 10 – David Makeléer, Swedish politician (b. 1646)
- November 13 – Charles, Count of Marsan, French noble (b. 1648)
- November 16 – Alexander Edward, Scottish landscape architect (b. 1651)
- November 17 – Ludolf Bakhuizen, Dutch painter (b. 1631)
- December 16
- Juan Ortega y Montañés, Spanish Catholic bishop, colonial administrator in Guatemala and New Spain (b. 1627)
- Nicolas Pasquin, early pioneer in New France (now Quebec) (b. 1648)
- December 22 – Hedvig Sophia of Sweden, Swedish princess (b. 1681)
- December 28 – Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, French botanist (b. 1656)
- Date unknown – Anna Maria Clodt, Swedish courtier (b. ?)
- Date unknown – Joaquim Juncosa, Carthusian monk and Baroque painter (b. 1631)[97]
1709
- January 20 – François de la Chaise, French confessor of Louis XIV of France (b. 1624)
- January 22 – Henry Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Chirbury, English politician (b. 1654)
- January 24 – George Rooke, English admiral (b. 1650)
- January 26 – Eleonore Charlotte of Saxe-Lauenburg-Franzhagen, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen (b. 1646)
- February 8 – Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (b. 1658)
- February 9 – François Louis, Prince of Conti, French general (b. 1664)
- February 11 – Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate, German artist (b. 1622)
- February 17 – Erik Benzelius the Elder, Swedish theologian (b. 1632)
- February 19 – Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shōgun (b. 1646)
- March 9 – Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, English diplomat (b. 1638)
- March 21 – Burchard de Volder, Dutch mathematician (b. 1643)
- April 1 – Henri Jules, Prince of Condé (b. 1643)
- April 2 – Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Italian artist working in the High Baroque and early Rococo periods (b. 1639)
- April 5 – Roger de Piles, French painter (b. 1635)
- April 8 – Wolfgang Dietrich of Castell-Remlingen, German nobleman (b. 1641)
- April 20 – Johann Ernst von Thun, Tyrolean Catholic bishop (b. 1643)
- April 21
- Gurgin Khan (George XI of Kartli), Persian Governor of Kandahar (b. 1651)
- Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano, Prince of Savoy (b. 1628)
- June 25 – Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1677 until his death (b. 1647)
- June 29 – Antoine Thomas, Belgian Jesuit astronomer in China (b. 1644)
- June 30 – Edward Lhuyd, Welsh scientist (b. 1660)
- July 17 – Robert Bolling, English settler in Virginia (b. 1646)
- August 24 – Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German princess (b. 1640)
- August 31 – Andrea Pozzo, Jesuit Brother, architect and painter (b. 1642)
- September 4 – Jean-François Regnard, French comic poet (b. 1655)
- September 7 – Gunno Dahlstierna, Swedish poet (b. 1661)
- September 14 – Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero, Spanish cardinal and archbishop of Toledo (b. 1635)
- October 2 – Ivan Mazepa, Hetman of Ukraine (b. 1639)
- October 5 – Daniel Speer, German Baroque composer and writer (b. 1636)
- October 9 – Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1640)
- October 31 – Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, English nobleman (b. 1638)
- November 4 – Barend Graat, Dutch painter (b. 1628)
- November 23 – William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (b. 1649)
- November 29 – Charles Dormer, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon, English noble (b. 1632)
- December 1 – Abraham a Sancta Clara, Austrian preacher (b. 1644)
- December 7 – Meindert Hobbema, Dutch painter (b. 1638)
- December 8 – Thomas Corneille, French dramatist (b. 1625)[98]
- December 15 – Sir Stephen Lennard, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1637)
- December 31
- Pierre Cally, French philosopher and theologian (b. 1630)
- Sir Thomas Littleton, 3rd Baronet, English statesman (b. 1647)
- date unknown – John Coode, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. c. 1648)
- probable date – Eleanor Glanville, English entomologist (b. 1654)
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{{short description|Decade of the Gregorian Calendar (1700–1709)}}
The '''1700s''' decade ran from January 1, 1700, to December 31, 1709.
The decade is marked by a shift in the political structure of the [[Indian subcontinent]], and the decline of the [[Mughal Empire]].
{{Decadebox|170}}
{{Events by year for decade|170}}
{{Births and deaths by year for decade|170}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1700s}}
[[Category:1700s| ]]
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# 1780s in archaeology
The decade of the 1780s in archaeology involved some significant events.
## Explorations
- 1786: Antonio Bernasconi and Colonel Antonio del Rio examine the ruins of Palenque, making the first map of the site and some crude excavations.
## Excavations
- 1786: Excavation of a Roman villa near Warminster in England by antiquarian Catherine Downes.[1]
- 1788: Excavations of Roman city of Viroconium Cornoviorum (Wroxeter) in England by civil engineer Thomas Telford.
- Formal excavations continue at Pompeii.
## Finds
- 1780
- Tomb of the Scipios rediscovered in Rome.[2]
- Discobolus Palombara discovered in Rome.
- 1781: Roman coin hoards found in England near Eye, Suffolk (approximate date) and Stanmore, near London.
- 1782: Tomb of Katherine Parr (d. 1548) rediscovered in Sudeley Castle, England.[3]
- 1786: Gold thumb ring of Senicianus discovered near Calleva Atrebatum (Silchester) in England.
- 1789: The Stony Stratford Hoard uncovered in England.
- Xagħra Stone Circle first discovered in Malta.
## Publications
- 1785: Engineer Diego Ruiz visits and publishes the first account of El Tajín.
- 1789: Saggio di lingua Etrusca by Luigi Lanzi.
## Other events
- 1780: December 18 – The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland is formed.
- 1783: The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland is incorporated.
## Births
- 1784: July 25 – Richard William Howard Vyse, English soldier, anthropologist and Egyptologist (d. 1853).
- 1785: November 24 – Philipp August Böckh, German classical scholar and antiquarian (d. 1867).
- 1786: December 11 – William John Bankes, English Member of Parliament, explorer and Egyptologist (d. 1855).[4]
- 1787: March 28 – Claudius James Rich, English traveller and scholar (d. 1820).
- 1788: September 10 – Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes, French archaeologist (d. 1868)
- 1788: December 29 – Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, Danish archaeologist (d. 1865).
## Deaths
- 1780: March 14 – Roque Joaquín de Alcubierre, Spanish-born military engineer and pioneer Classical archaeologist (b. 1702)
- 1788: February 2 – James "Athenian" Stuart, Scottish architect and archaeologist (b. 1713)[5]
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year topic navigation|1780|archaeology|science}}
The decade of the '''1780s in archaeology''' involved some significant events.
==Explorations==
[[File:PalenqueAc.jpg|thumb|Detail of a [[relief]] from a Mayan ruin at [[Palenque]] drawn by [[Ricardo Almendáriz]] at the time of its original excavation in 1787]]
* 1786: Antonio Bernasconi and Colonel Antonio del Rio examine the ruins of [[Palenque]], making the first map of the site and some crude excavations.
==Excavations==
* 1786: Excavation of a Roman villa near [[Warminster]] in England by antiquarian [[Catherine Downes]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hingley|first=Richard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36gSDAAAQBAJ&q=The+Recovery+of+Roman+Britain+1586-1906|title=The Recovery of Roman Britain 1586–1906: A Colony So Fertile|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-923702-9|page=15}}</ref>
* 1788: Excavations of Roman city of [[Viroconium Cornoviorum]] ([[Wroxeter]]) in England by civil engineer [[Thomas Telford]].
* Formal excavations continue at [[Pompeii]].
==Finds==
* 1780
** [[Tomb of the Scipios]] rediscovered in [[Rome]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Ruins and Excavations of Ancient Rome: a Companion Book for Students and Travelers|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924028273997|first=Rodolfo Amedeo|last=Lanciani|authorlink=Rodolfo Lanciani|location=Boston|publisher=Houghton, Mifflin|year=1897|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924028273997/page/n366 321]–7}}</ref>
** ''[[Discobolus#Discobolus Palombara or Lancellotti|Discobolus Palombara]]'' discovered in Rome.
* 1781: Roman coin hoards found in England near [[Eye, Suffolk]] (approximate date) and [[Stanmore]], near London.
* 1782: Tomb of [[Katherine Parr]] (d. 1548) rediscovered in [[Sudeley Castle]], [[England]].<ref>Dent, Emma (1877). ''Annals of Winchcombe and Sudeley''. London: J. Murray, [https://archive.org/details/annalswinchcomb00dentgoog/page/n484/mode/2up?view=theater p. 315.]</ref>
* 1786: Gold thumb ring of Senicianus discovered near [[Calleva Atrebatum]] ([[Silchester]]) in England.
* 1789: [[Milton Keynes Hoard#Other hoards from Milton Keynes and surrounding area|The Stony Stratford Hoard]] uncovered in England.
* [[Xagħra Stone Circle]] first discovered in [[Malta]].
==Publications==
* 1785: Engineer Diego Ruiz visits and publishes the first account of [[El Tajín]].
* 1789: ''Saggio di lingua Etrusca'' by [[Luigi Lanzi]].
==Other events==
* 1780: December 18 – The [[Society of Antiquaries of Scotland]] is formed.
* 1783: The [[Society of Antiquaries of Scotland]] is [[incorporation (business)|incorporated]].
==Births==
* 1784: July 25 – [[Richard William Howard Vyse]], English soldier, [[anthropologist]] and Egyptologist (d. [[1853 in archaeology|1853]]).
* 1785: November 24 – [[Philipp August Böckh]], [[Germans|German]] [[classical scholar]] and [[antiquarian]] (d. [[1867 in archaeology|1867]]).
* 1786: December 11 – [[William John Bankes]], English Member of Parliament, explorer and Egyptologist (d. [[1855 in archaeology|1855]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=Bankes, William John (1786-1855), of Kingston Hall, Dorset|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/bankes-william-john-1786-1855|website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org|accessdate=18 May 2017}}</ref>
* 1787: March 28 – [[Claudius James Rich]], English traveller and scholar (d. [[1820 in archaeology|1820]]).
* 1788: September 10 – [[Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes]], [[French people|French]] [[archaeologist]] (d. [[1868 in archaeology|1868]])
* 1788: December 29 – [[Christian Jürgensen Thomsen]], [[Danes|Danish]] archaeologist (d. [[1865 in archaeology|1865]]).
==Deaths==
* 1780: March 14 – [[Roque Joaquín de Alcubierre]], Spanish-born military engineer and pioneer Classical archaeologist (b. [[1702 in archaeology|1702]])
* 1788: February 2 – [[James "Athenian" Stuart]], Scottish architect and archaeologist (b. [[1713 in archaeology|1713]])<ref>{{cite web|title=James 'Athenian' Stuart, 1713-1788|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/3675384/James-Athenian-Stuart-1713-1788.html|website=Telegraph.co.uk|accessdate=8 June 2017|language=en}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Archaeology timeline]]
| years = 1780s
| before = [[1770s in archaeology]]
| after = [[1790s in archaeology]]
}}
{{s-end}}
[[Category:Archaeology by decade]]
[[Category:18th century in archaeology]]
[[Category:1780s in science|Archaeology]]
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# 1932–33 Primera Fuerza season
The 1932–33 season was the 11th edition of the amateur league called Liga Mayor. It had 10 participating clubs and were divided into two groups, the best four teams of 1931-32 season were seeded in the group A and the last four teams in the group B. RC España joined the group A, while Club México joined group B.
## Standings
### Group A
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | ------------ | --- | - | - | - | -- | -- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Club Necaxa | 8 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 30 | 18 | +12 | 11 |
| 2 | Atlante FC | 8 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 9 |
| 3 | Club América | 8 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 8 |
| 4 | RC España | 8 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 27 | −7 | 7 |
| 5 | Asturias FC | 8 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 13 | 18 | −5 | 5 |
### Group B
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | ----------- | --- | - | - | - | -- | -- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Club Leonés | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 22 | 14 | +8 | 12 |
| 2 | Germania FV | 8 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 24 | 19 | +5 | 10 |
| 3 | CD Marte | 8 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 19 | 14 | +5 | 9 |
| 4 | Club México | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 22 | 27 | −5 | 6 |
| 5 | Veracruz SC | 8 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 14 | 27 | −13 | 3 |
The promotion-relegation playoff was played between the last team of group A and the first place of group B. The first leg was held at Parque Necaxa on August 6, 1933 and the second leg was held at Campo Asturias on August 13, 1933.
- First leg: Club Leonés 2-6 Asturias FC
- Second leg: AsturiasFC 9-3 Club Leonés
### Top goalscorers
| Player | Club | Goals |
| ----------- | ----------- | ----- |
| Julio Lores | Club Necaxa | 8 |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932%E2%80%9333_Primera_Fuerza_season
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Q4563151
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{{Infobox football league season
|image=
|competition= [[Primera Fuerza|Liga Mayor]]
|season= 1932–33
|winners= [[Club Necaxa]]
<br>(1st title)
|matches=42
|total goals=227
|league topscorer= [[Julio Lores]] (8 goals)
|prevseason= [[1931–32 Primera Fuerza season|1931–32]]
|nextseason= [[1933–34 Primera Fuerza season|1933–34]]
}}
The '''1932–33 season''' was the 11th edition of the amateur league called '''Liga Mayor'''. It had 10 participating clubs and were divided into two groups, the best four teams of 1931-32 season were seeded in the group A and the last four teams in the group B. RC España joined the group A, while Club México joined group B.
==Standings==
===Group A===
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Q
|sortable_table=y
|winpoints=2
|team1=NEC|name_NEC=[[Club Necaxa]]
|team2=ATL|name_ATL=[[Atlante F.C.|Atlante FC]]
|team3=AMÉ|name_AMÉ=[[Club América]]
|team4=ESP|name_ESP=[[Real Club España|RC España]]
|team5=AST|name_AST=[[Asturias F.C.|Asturias FC]]
|win_NEC=5|draw_NEC=1|loss_NEC=2|gf_NEC=30|ga_NEC=18
|win_ATL=4|draw_ATL=1|loss_ATL=3|gf_ATL=22|ga_ATL=22
|win_AMÉ=3|draw_AMÉ=2|loss_AMÉ=3|gf_AMÉ=21|ga_AMÉ=21
|win_ESP=2|draw_ESP=3|loss_ESP=3|gf_ESP=20|ga_ESP=27
|win_AST=1|draw_AST=3|loss_AST=4|gf_AST=13|ga_AST=18
|col_C=gold|text_C=
|result1=C
|col_RP=#FFCCCC|text_RP=
|result5=RP
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/mex33.html]
}}
===Group B===
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Q
|sortable_table=y
|winpoints=2
|team1=LEO|name_LEO=[[Club Leonés]]
|team2=GER|name_GER=[[Germania FV]]
|team3=MAR|name_MAR=[[C.D. Marte|CD Marte]]
|team4=MÉX|name_MÉX=[[México F.C.|Club México]]
|team5=VER|name_VER=[[Veracruz Sporting Club|Veracruz SC]]
|win_LEO=4|draw_LEO=4|loss_LEO=0|gf_LEO=22|ga_LEO=14
|win_GER=3|draw_GER=4|loss_GER=1|gf_GER=24|ga_GER=19
|win_MAR=3|draw_MAR=3|loss_MAR=2|gf_MAR=19|ga_MAR=14
|win_MÉX=2|draw_MÉX=2|loss_MÉX=4|gf_MÉX=22|ga_MÉX=27
|win_VER=1|draw_VER=1|loss_VER=6|gf_VER=14|ga_VER=27
|col_RP=#FFCCCC|text_RP=
|result1=RP
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/mex33.html RSSSF]
}}
The promotion-relegation playoff was played between the last team of group A and the first place of group B. The first leg was held at Parque Necaxa on August 6, 1933 and the second leg was held at Campo Asturias on August 13, 1933.
* '''First leg:''' [[Club Leonés]] 2-6 [[Asturias F.C.|Asturias FC]]
* '''Second leg:''' [[Asturias F.C.|AsturiasFC]] 9-3 [[Club Leonés]]
===Top goalscorers===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Player
!Club
!Goals
|-
|{{flagicon|PER}} [[Julio Lores]]||[[Club Necaxa]]||8
|}
==References==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150402011950/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesm/mexhist.html Mexico - List of final tables (RSSSF)]
*[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/mex33.html Mexico 1932/33]
{{Futbol Mexicano}}
{{List of Primera Fuerza Championships}}
{{Primera División de México seasons}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1932-33 Mexican Primera Division season}}
[[Category:Primera Fuerza seasons]]
[[Category:1932–33 domestic association football leagues|Mex]]
[[Category:1932–33 in Mexican football]]
| 1,265,273,196
|
[{"title": "Liga Mayor", "data": {"Season": "1932\u201333", "Champions": "Club Necaxa \u00b7 (1st title)", "Matches played": "42", "Goals scored": "227 (5.4 per match)", "Top goalscorer": "Julio Lores (8 goals)"}}]
| false
|
# $50SAT
$50SAT (also known as Eagle-2, OSCAR 76, Morehead-OSCAR 76 and MO-76) is an American amateur radio communications satellite. It was launched on November 21, 2013, with a Dnepr launch vehicle from the Dombarovsky Air Base, in Orenburg, Russia. It was part of the UNISAT-5 satellite program by GAUSS (Group of Astrodynamics for the Use of Space Systems).
$50SAT was developed by Bob Twiggs at Morehead State University (MSU) along with three other radio amateurs and was used to train students. The satellite transmits telemetry data in various operating modes in the 70 cm (28 in) band. It is based on the PocketQube design for very small and inexpensive satellites and measures 5 × 5 × 7.5 cm (2.0 × 2.0 × 3.0 in) (1.5 CubeSat). After several months of problems due to low battery voltage, $50SAT finally dropped below the 3.3 volts required for data transmission on July 19, 2015, and thus ceased operation.
## Objective
The objective of $50SAT was to see if a viable satellite could be built to the PocketQube standard.
|
enwiki/63087910
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enwiki
| 63,087,910
|
$50SAT
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$50SAT
|
2024-04-23T15:22:59Z
|
en
|
Q17122033
| 96,299
|
{{Short description|Amateur radio satellite launched in 2013}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = $50SAT
| names_list = Eagle-2<br/>OSCAR 76<br/>Morehead-OSCAR 76<br/>MO-76
| image = Eagle2 large.jpg
| image_caption = $50SAT satellite
| image_size = 300px
| mission_type = [[Amateur radio]] [[communications satellite]]
| operator = [[Morehead State University]] (MSU)
| COSPAR_ID = 2013-066W
| SATCAT = 39436
| website = {{URL|http://www.50dollarsat.info/}}
| mission_duration = 1 year and 8 months
| spacecraft_type = [[CubeSat]]
| spacecraft_bus = PocketQube
| manufacturer = [[Morehead State University]] (MSU)
| launch_mass = {{cvt|21|kg}}
| dimensions = {{cvt|5|xx|5|xx|7.5|cm}}
| power =
| launch_date = 21 November 2013, 07:10 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
| launch_rocket = [[Dnepr rocket|Dnepr]]
| launch_site = [[Dombarovsky Air Base|Dombarovsky]]m Site 370/13 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/11/russian-dnepr-record-breaking-32-satellite-haul/|title=Russian Dnepr conducts record breaking 32 satellite haul|first=William|last=Graham|work=NASASpaceFlight.com|date=21 November 2013|access-date=11 February 2020}}</ref>
| launch_contractor = [[Yuzhmash]]
| entered_service =
| last_contact = 19 July 2015
| decay_date = 19 May 2018
| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]
| orbit_regime = [[Low Earth orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis = {{cvt|376|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{cvt|382|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 97.70°
| orbit_period = 92.00 minutes
| apsis = gee
| trans_frequency = '''Downlink''': 437.505 [[Hertz|MHz]]
| trans_bandwidth =
| trans_capacity =
| trans_coverage =
| programme = '''[[OSCAR]]'''
| previous_mission = [[OSCAR 75]]
| next_mission = [[OSCAR 77]]
}}
'''$50SAT''' (also known as '''Eagle-2''', '''OSCAR 76''', '''Morehead-OSCAR 76''' and '''MO-76''')<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proesch |first=Roland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rEOXDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Eagle-2%22+and+satellite&pg=PA412 |title=Technical Handbook for Satellite Monitoring: Edition 2019 |date=2019-05-10 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-3-7448-3682-1 |pages=412 |language=en}}</ref> is an American [[amateur radio]] [[communications satellite]]. It was launched on November 21, 2013, with a [[Dnepr (rocket)|Dnepr]] [[launch vehicle]] from the [[Dombarovsky Air Base]], in [[Orenburg]], [[Russia]]. It was part of the UNISAT-5 satellite program by GAUSS (Group of Astrodynamics for the Use of Space Systems).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=50Sat Official Website |url=http://www.50dollarsat.info/ |access-date=2020-02-12 |archive-date=2015-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008062811/http://www.50dollarsat.info/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
$50SAT was developed by [[Bob Twiggs]] at [[Morehead State University]] (MSU) along with three other radio amateurs and was used to train students.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Cappelletti |first1=Chantal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RTbDDwAAQBAJ&dq=$50SAT&pg=PA179 |title=CubeSat Handbook: From Mission Design to Operations |last2=Battistini |first2=Simone |last3=Malphrus |first3=Benjamin |date=2020-09-25 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-817885-0 |pages=179 |language=en}}</ref> The satellite transmits [[telemetry]] data in various operating modes in the {{cvt|70|cm}} band. It is based on the [[PocketQube]] design for very small and inexpensive satellites and measures {{cvt|5|xx|5|xx|7.5|cm}} (1.5 [[CubeSat]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Palkovitz |first=Neta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kGfIDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Eagle-2%22+and+satellite&pg=PT133 |title=Regulating a Revolution: Small Satellites and the Law of Outer Space |date=2019-11-22 |publisher=Kluwer Law International B.V. |isbn=978-94-035-1814-5 |language=en}}</ref> After several months of problems due to low battery voltage, $50SAT finally dropped below the 3.3 [[volt]]s required for data transmission on July 19, 2015, and thus ceased operation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.50dollarsat.info/|title=Mission - $50SAT|access-date=December 10, 2022|archive-date=October 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008062811/http://www.50dollarsat.info/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Objective ==
The objective of $50SAT was to see if a viable satellite could be built to the [[PocketQube]] standard.
== See also ==
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
* [[OSCAR]]
== Notes ==
The sequence of $50SAT transmissions repeats approximately every 75 seconds. An [[FM broadcasting|FM]] slow [[Morse code|Morse]] [[call sign]] [[beacon]], data as fast FM Morse, FSK RTTY data and digital data telemetry.
The slow Morse call sign beacon can be picked up on a hand held UHF receiver when the distance to $50SAT is approximately 800 km or less. The received signal can be improved significantly by using a simple gain antenna such as a BiQuad, Moxon or small Yagi.
The FSK RTTY data has been decoded at up to approximately 2400 km using an omni directional antenna and low noise amplifier.
'''Digital data telemetry packets (1 kbit/s) from $50SAT can be received with a ground based RFM22B receiver at approximately 750 km using a low noise amplifier and omni directional antenna, with a considerable improvement in reception range when a small yagi is used. The T-LogoQube team have reported that their high gain yagi tracking antenna allowed them to send and receive data telemetry packets at up to 2700 km.'''
Together with T-LogoQube (Eagle1), QubeScout-S1 and WREN, $50SAT was the first of the new PocketQube standard satellites to be launched.
The primary purpose of $50SAT was to evaluate if PocketQubes would be a cost effective means for engineering and science students to use for developing real world skills.
'''$50SAT has demonstrated that very low cost satellites are viable in low Earth orbit. The low build cost of $50SAT (less than $250 in parts) means that Engineering models are readily affordable by schools and colleges.''' The PocketQube chassis has no precision mechanical parts and can be built from locally obtained sheet metal.
The electronics consist of two 40mm square circuit boards. The first is the processor/radio board with the PICAXE 40X2 processor, the Hope RFM22B transceiver module, a temperature sensor, latchup and watchdog protection devices. The second board is the solar power control and monitor board. This board contains the maximum power point controllers as well as current monitors for the battery and summed solar power. The battery is a common 3.7V lithium ion camera battery.
$50SAT was a collaborative education project between Professor Bob Twiggs, Morehead State University and 3 radio amateurs, Howie DeFelice, AB2S, Michael Kirkhart, KD8QBA, and Stuart Robinson, GW7HPW.<ref name=":0" />
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{OSCAR satellites}}
{{Orbital launches in 2013}}
{{Morehead State University}}
[[Category:Amateur radio satellites]]
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2013]]
[[Category:Spacecraft which reentered in 2018]]
[[Category:Morehead State University]]
[[Category:CubeSats]]
| 1,220,400,322
|
[{"title": "$50SAT", "data": {"Names": "Eagle-2 \u00b7 OSCAR 76 \u00b7 Morehead-OSCAR 76 \u00b7 MO-76", "Mission type": "Amateur radio communications satellite", "Operator": "Morehead State University (MSU)", "COSPAR ID": "2013-066W", "SATCAT no.": "39436", "Website": "www.50dollarsat.info", "Mission duration": "1 year and 8 months"}}, {"title": "Spacecraft properties", "data": {"Spacecraft type": "CubeSat", "Bus": "PocketQube", "Manufacturer": "Morehead State University (MSU)", "Launch mass": "21 kg (46 lb)", "Dimensions": "5 \u00d7 5 \u00d7 7.5 cm (2.0 \u00d7 2.0 \u00d7 3.0 in)"}}, {"title": "Start of mission", "data": {"Launch date": "21 November 2013, 07:10 UTC", "Rocket": "Dnepr", "Launch site": "Dombarovskym Site 370/13", "Contractor": "Yuzhmash"}}, {"title": "End of mission", "data": {"Last contact": "19 July 2015", "Decay date": "19 May 2018"}}, {"title": "Orbital parameters", "data": {"Reference system": "Geocentric orbit", "Regime": "Low Earth orbit", "Perigee altitude": "376 km (234 mi)", "Apogee altitude": "382 km (237 mi)", "Inclination": "97.70\u00b0", "Period": "92.00 minutes"}}, {"title": "Transponders", "data": {"Frequency": "Downlink: 437.505 MHz"}}]
| false
|
# 1842 South Carolina gubernatorial election
The 1842 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on 8 December 1842 in order to elect the Governor of South Carolina. Democratic candidate and former member of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina's 4th district James H. Hammond was elected by the South Carolina General Assembly against fellow Democratic candidate and incumbent member of the South Carolina Senate Robert Francis Withers Allston.
## General election
On election day, 8 December 1842, Democratic candidate James H. Hammond was elected by the South Carolina General Assembly by a margin of 7 votes against his opponent fellow Democratic candidate Robert Francis Withers Allston, thereby retaining Democratic control over the office of Governor. Hammond was sworn in as the 60th Governor of South Carolina on 3 January 1843.
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | --------------- | ------------------------------ | ----- | ------- |
| | Democratic | James H. Hammond | 83 | 51.55% |
| | Democratic | Robert Francis Withers Allston | 76 | 47.21% |
| | | Scattering | 2 | 1.24% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 161 | 100.00% |
| | Democratic hold | | | |
|
enwiki/76987457
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enwiki
| 76,987,457
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1842 South Carolina gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1842_South_Carolina_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-24T21:38:41Z
|
en
|
Q126367314
| 118,261
|
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1842 South Carolina gubernatorial election
| country = South Carolina
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1840 South Carolina gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1840
| next_election = 1844 South Carolina gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1844
| election_date = 8 December 1842
| image1 = [[File:J.H. Hammond, Senator from South Carolina, LCCN2010649189 (cropped).jpg|125px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[James H. Hammond]]'''
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''83'''
| percentage1 = '''51.55%'''
| image2 = [[File:Allston portrait by Flagg small.jpg|125px]]
| nominee2 = [[Robert Francis Withers Allston]]
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 76
| percentage2 = 47.21%
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[John Peter Richardson II]]
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = [[James H. Hammond]]
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsSC}}
The '''1842 South Carolina gubernatorial election''' was held on 8 December 1842 in order to elect the [[List of governors of South Carolina|Governor of South Carolina]]. [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] candidate and former member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] from [[South Carolina's 4th congressional district|South Carolina's 4th district]] [[James H. Hammond]] was elected by the [[South Carolina General Assembly]] against fellow [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] candidate and [[incumbent]] member of the [[South Carolina Senate]] [[Robert Francis Withers Allston]].<ref name="nga">{{Cite web |title=James Henry Hammond |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/james-henry-hammond/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |publisher=[[National Governors Association]]}}</ref>
==General election==
On election day, 8 December 1842, [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] candidate [[James H. Hammond]] was elected by the [[South Carolina General Assembly]] by a margin of 7 votes against his opponent fellow [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] candidate [[Robert Francis Withers Allston]], thereby retaining Democratic control over the office of Governor. Hammond was sworn in as the 60th [[Governor of South Carolina]] on 3 January 1843.<ref name=GBN>{{cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=40535 |title=SC Governor |publisher=ourcampaigns.com |date=2 January 2024 |access-date=22 May 2024}}</ref>
===Results===
{{Election box begin no change | title=South Carolina gubernatorial election, 1842|
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[James H. Hammond]]
|votes = 83
|percentage = 51.55%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Robert Francis Withers Allston]]
|votes = 76
|percentage = 47.21%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party =
|candidate = Scattering
|votes = 2
|percentage = 1.24%
}}
{{Election box total no change|
|votes = 161
|percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|
|winner= Democratic Party (United States)
|loser =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:1842 South Carolina elections]]
[[Category:South Carolina gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:December 1842]]
[[Category:1842 United States gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:Indirect elections]]
{{SouthCarolina-election-stub}}
| 1,271,611,435
|
[{"title": "1842 South Carolina gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1840": "8 December 1842 \u00b7 1844 \u2192", "Nominee": "James H. Hammond \u00b7 Robert Francis Withers Allston", "Party": "Democratic \u00b7 Democratic", "Popular vote": "83 \u00b7 76", "Percentage": "51.55% \u00b7 47.21%", "Governor before election \u00b7 John Peter Richardson II \u00b7 Democratic": "Elected Governor \u00b7 James H. Hammond \u00b7 Democratic"}}]
| false
|
# 135th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The 135th Division (第135師団, Dai-hyakusanjūgo Shidan) was an infantry division of the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Cordiality Division (真心兵団, Shinshin Heidan). It was formed 10 July 1945 in Mishan as a triangular division. It was a part of the 8 simultaneously created divisions batch comprising 134th, 135th, 136th, 137th, 138th, 139th, 148th and 149th divisions. The nucleus for the formation were the 2nd (Suifenhe) (or 3rd), 4th (Hulin) border guards groups, 46th transport guards group and 77th Independent Mixed Brigade.
## Action
The 135th division took the defensive sector previously occupied by the 11th division and later by 77th Independent Mixed Brigade.
With the start of the Soviet invasion of Manchuria 9 August 1945, the Red Army immediately pierced in the sector of 135th division, manned by 15th border guards group at Hutou.45°58′44″N 133°39′40″E / 45.979°N 133.661°E The 15th border guards group was assigned to 135th division at the beginning of the battle. Nonetheless, because of the more threatening Soviet breakthrough at Suifenhe, two infantry battalions were detached from the 135th division 9 August 1945 and were reassigned to the 124th division. The 135th division, catch off-guard, with majority of officers attending a war game at Yangming District was ordered to withdraw to Yangming District in the evening 10 August 1945. 15 August 1945 it was ordered to retreat further to Mudanjiang, and finally order to surrender was received 17 August 1945 as the part of the surrender of Japan.
The lack of equipment was severe. Some of the required bayonets and swords of the division were forged locally from the available material like the steel salvaged from automotive suspensions. The artillery of the 135th division was the worst among 5th army, with only about two-thirds complement represented by Type 41 75 mm Cavalry Guns, trench mortars and other miscellaneous weapons. Before the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, the Kwantung Army command has estimated the 135th division being at 15% of the nominal combat strength. The 135th division has suffered 1631 men killed during the short campaign.
The majority of the troops of the 135th division were taken prisoner by Red Army and sent to the Siberian labour camps.
|
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enwiki
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135th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/135th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)
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2021-12-31T20:52:01Z
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en
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Q11600173
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{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 135th Division
|native_name=第135師団
|image=
|caption=
|dates= 1945–1945
|country= {{flagicon|Empire of Japan}} [[Empire of Japan]]
|allegiance=[[Fifth Army (Japan)|5th army]]
|branch=[[Imperial Japanese Army]]
|type=[[Infantry]]
|role=
|size=14288<ref>[http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/Japan/Monos/pdfs/JM-155/JM-155.pdf Record of Operations Against Soviet Russia Northern and Western Fronts (August-September 1945), p. 266]</ref>
|command_structure=
|garrison=[[Mishan]]
<!-- Commanders -->
|current_commander=
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|notable_commanders=
|identification_symbol=
|identification_symbol_2=
<!-- Culture and history -->
|nickname=Cordiality division
|patron=
|motto=
|colors=
|colors_label=
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=[[Soviet invasion of Manchuria]]
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
}}
{{Infobox command structure
| name = 135th Division
| date = 9 August 1945
| parent = [[Fifth Army (Japan)|5th army]]
| subordinate =*368. Infantry regiment ([[Manchuria]])
*369. Infantry regiment ([[Manchuria]])
*370. Infantry regiment ([[Manchuria]])
*135. Field artillery regiment
*135. Engineer regiment
*135. Transport regiment
*135. [[Airborne forces|Airborne]] (assault) battalion
*135. Signals company
*135. Ordnance company
*135. Veterinary department
*15. Border guards group
**Infantry battalion
**Heavy artillery company (including 1 41-cm howitzer)
**Heavy artillery company
}}
The {{nihongo|'''135th Division'''|第135師団|Dai-hyakusanjūgo Shidan}} was an [[infantry]] [[Division (military unit)|division]] of the [[Imperial Japanese Army]]. Its [[call sign]] was the {{nihongo|'''Cordiality Division'''|真心兵団|Shinshin Heidan}}. It was formed 10 July 1945 in [[Mishan]] as a [[triangular division]]. It was a part of the 8 simultaneously created divisions batch comprising [[134th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|134th]], '''135th''', [[136th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|136th]], [[137th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|137th]], [[138th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|138th]], [[139th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|139th]], [[148th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|148th]] and [[149th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|149th]] divisions. The nucleus for the formation were the 2nd ([[Suifenhe]]) (or 3rd), 4th ([[Hulin]]) border guards groups, 46th transport guards group and [[77th Independent Mixed Brigade (Imperial Japanese Army)|77th Independent Mixed Brigade]].
==Action==
The ''135th division'' took the defensive sector previously occupied by the [[11th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|11th division]] and later by [[77th Independent Mixed Brigade (Imperial Japanese Army)|77th Independent Mixed Brigade]].<ref>[http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/Japan/Monos/pdfs/JM-154/JM-154.pdf Record of Operations against Soviet Russia, Eastern Front (August 1945), p. 45]</ref>
With the start of the [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria]] 9 August 1945, the [[Red Army]] immediately pierced in the sector of ''135th division'', manned by 15th border guards group at Hutou.{{coord|45.979|133.661|}} The 15th border guards group was assigned to ''135th division'' at the beginning of the battle. Nonetheless, because of the more threatening Soviet breakthrough at [[Suifenhe]], two infantry battalions were detached from the ''135th division'' 9 August 1945 and were reassigned to the [[124th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)|124th division]]. The ''135th division'', catch off-guard, with majority of officers attending a war game at [[Yangming District]]<ref>[http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/Japan/Monos/pdfs/JM-154/JM-154.pdf Record of Operations against Soviet Russia, Eastern Front (August 1945), p. 180]</ref> was ordered to withdraw to [[Yangming District]] in the evening 10 August 1945. 15 August 1945 it was ordered to retreat further to [[Mudanjiang]], and finally order to surrender was received 17 August 1945 as the part of the [[surrender of Japan]].
The lack of equipment was severe. Some of the required bayonets and swords of the division were forged locally from the available material like the steel salvaged from automotive suspensions. The artillery of the ''135th division'' was the worst among [[Fifth Army (Japan)|5th army]], with only about two-thirds complement represented by [[Type 41 75 mm Cavalry Gun]]s, trench mortars and other miscellaneous weapons. Before the [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria]], the [[Kwantung Army]] command has estimated the ''135th division'' being at 15% of the nominal combat strength. The ''135th division'' has suffered 1631 men killed during the short campaign.
The majority of the troops of the ''135th division'' were taken prisoner by [[Red Army]] and sent to the Siberian [[labour camp]]s.<ref>[http://www.jacar.go.jp/english/glossary_en/term/0100-0040-0070-0010-0010-0010-0050-0030.html 135th Division (Shinshin)]</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of Japanese Infantry Divisions]]
* [[Independent Mixed Brigades (Imperial Japanese Army)]]
==Notes and references==
*This article incorporates material from Japanese Wikipedia page [[:ja:第135師団 (日本軍)|第135師団 (日本軍)]], accessed 8 July 2016
* Madej, W. Victor, ''Japanese Armed Forces Order of Battle'', 1937–1945 [2 vols], Allentown, PA: 1981.
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:135th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)}}
[[Category:Japanese World War II divisions]]
[[Category:Infantry divisions of Japan]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1945]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1945]]
[[Category:1945 establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:1945 disestablishments in Japan]]
| 1,063,028,919
|
[{"title": "135th Division", "data": {"Active": "1945\u20131945", "Country": "Empire of Japan", "Allegiance": "5th army", "Branch": "Imperial Japanese Army", "Type": "Infantry", "Size": "14288", "Garrison/HQ": "Mishan", "Nickname(s)": "Cordiality division", "Engagements": "Soviet invasion of Manchuria"}}]
| false
|
# 1926 Detroit Stars season
The 1926 Detroit Stars baseball team competed in the Negro National League (NNL) during the 1926 baseball season. The team compiled a 52–47–1 record (.525) and finished fourth in the NNL. The Stars played their home games at Mack Park located on the east side of Detroit, about four miles from downtown, at the southeast corner of Fairview Ave. and Mack Ave. The team was owned by John A. Roesink and managed by Bill Riggins and Candy Jim Taylor.
## Batting
Center fielder Turkey Stearnes was the team's batting star. He ranked among the NNL leaders with 33 doubles (first), .383 batting average (second), .716 slugging percentage (second), .458 on-base percentage (third), 103 RBIs (third), 131 hits (third), 21 home runs (third), 94 runs scored (third), 21 stolen bases (fourth), and 41 walks (fifth). He was also outstanding defensively, leading all NNL outfielders with 18 assists and seven double plays and ranking second to Cool Papa Bell with 195 putouts. Stearnes died in 1979 and was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2000.
Other key position players for the 1919 Stars included:
- Shortstop Bill Riggins appeared in 91 games and compiled a .300 batting average, .376 on-base percentage, and .455 slugging percentage. He led the team with 25 stolen bases.[5] Defensively, he tallied 300 assists and 178 putouts.[6]
- First baseman Edgar Wesley appeared in 85 games with a .310 batting average, .395 on-base percentage, and .513 slugging percentage. He finished second on the team with 16 home runs and 64 RBIs.[5]
- Right fielder Charlie Blackwell appeared in 85 games and compiled a .202 batting average and .414 on-base percentage. He led the team with 47 walks.[5]
- Third baseman Harry Jeffries appeared in 84 games and compiled a .291 batting average and a .373 on-base percentage. He ranked third on the team with 61 runs scored.[5]
- Utility player Harry Kenyon appeared in 55 games, including 14 at first base, 14 as a pitcher, 11 at second base, eight in left field, four in right field, five as a pinch hitter, two as a pinch runner, and one in center field.[6] He compiled a .308 batting average with nine doubles, four triples, and six stolen bases.[5]
- Left fielder Johnny Jones appeared in only 22 games but had the team's second highest batting average (.333) and on-base percentage (.429).[5] He also had five assists and two double plays in only 20 games in left field.[6]
## Pitching
Andy Cooper appeared in 37 games, 23 as a starter, and compiled a 13-9 win–loss record with a 3.91 earned run average (ERA) and 70 strikeouts. He ranked among the NNL leaders with 182 inning pitched (second) and 13 wins (tied for third). Cooper died in 1941 and was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.
Other pitchers included Lewis Hampton (11-11, 4.67 ERA, 53 strikeouts), Yellowhorse Morris (8-7, 5.55 ERA, 63 strikeouts), and Fred Bell (7-4, 3.12 ERA, 52 strikeouts).
|
enwiki/69701490
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enwiki
| 69,701,490
|
1926 Detroit Stars season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926_Detroit_Stars_season
|
2025-01-10T02:33:00Z
|
en
|
Q110516985
| 56,968
|
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox baseball team season
| name = Detroit Stars
| season = 1926
| image =
| caption =
| record = 52–47–1 ({{Winning percentage|52|47|1}})
| league = Negro National League (1920–1931){{!}}Negro National League
| ballpark = [[Mack Park]]
| city = [[Detroit]]
| league_place =
| managers= [[Bill Riggins]], [[Candy Jim Taylor]]
| owners = John A. Roesink
}}
The '''1926 Detroit Stars baseball team''' competed in the [[Negro National League (1920–1931)|Negro National League]] (NNL) during the [[1926 in baseball|1926 baseball season]]. The team compiled a 52–47–1 record ({{Winning percentage|52|47|1}}) and finished fourth in the NNL. The Stars played their home games at [[Mack Park]] located on the east side of Detroit, about four miles from downtown, at the southeast corner of Fairview Ave. and Mack Ave. The team was owned by John A. Roesink and managed by [[Bill Riggins]] and [[Candy Jim Taylor]].<ref name=Seam>{{cite web|title=1926 Detroit Stars Roster|publisher=Seamheads.com|access-date=January 7, 2022|url=https://www.seamheads.com/NegroLgs/team.php?yearID=1926&teamID=DS&tab=roster}}</ref>
==Batting==
Center fielder [[Turkey Stearnes]] was the team's batting star. He ranked among the NNL leaders with 33 doubles (first), .383 batting average (second), .716 slugging percentage (second), .458 on-base percentage (third), 103 RBIs (third), 131 hits (third), 21 home runs (third), 94 runs scored (third), 21 stolen bases (fourth), and 41 walks (fifth).<ref name=Leaders>{{cite web|title=1926 Negro National League I Batting Leaders|publisher=Seamheads.com|access-date=January 7, 2022|url=https://www.seamheads.com/NegroLgs/year.php?yearID=1926&tab=bat_basic&lgID=NNL&bats=All&pos=All&qual=Y&sort=BB_a}}</ref> He was also outstanding defensively, leading all NNL outfielders with 18 assists and seven double plays and ranking second to [[Cool Papa Bell]] with 195 putouts.<ref>{{cite web|title=1926 Negro National League I Fielding Leaders|publisher=Seamheads.com|access-date=January 7, 2022|url=https://www.seamheads.com/NegroLgs/year.php?yearID=1926&tab=fld&lgID=NNL&pos=All&sort=A_a}}</ref> Stearnes died in 1979 and was posthumously inducted into the [[Baseball Hall of Fame]] in 2000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Turkey Stearnes|publisher=National Baseball Hall of Fame|access-date=January 7, 2022|url=https://baseballhall.org/hall-of-famers/stearnes-turkey}}</ref>
Other key position players for the 1919 Stars included:
* Shortstop [[Bill Riggins]] appeared in 91 games and compiled a .300 batting average, .376 on-base percentage, and .455 slugging percentage. He led the team with 25 stolen bases.<ref name=Batting>{{cite web|title=1926 Detroit Stars Batting|publisher=Seamheads|accessdate=January 8, 2022|url=https://www.seamheads.com/NegroLgs/team.php?yearID=1926&teamID=DS&tab=bat}}</ref> Defensively, he tallied 300 assists and 178 putouts.<ref name=Fielding>{{cite web|title=1926 Detroit Stars Fielding|publisher=Seamheads|accessdate=January 8, 2022|url=https://www.seamheads.com/NegroLgs/team.php?yearID=1926&teamID=DS&tab=fld}}</ref>
* First baseman [[Edgar Wesley]] appeared in 85 games with a .310 batting average, .395 on-base percentage, and .513 slugging percentage. He finished second on the team with 16 home runs and 64 RBIs.<ref name=Batting/>
* Right fielder [[Charlie Blackwell]] appeared in 85 games and compiled a .202 batting average and .414 on-base percentage. He led the team with 47 walks.<ref name=Batting/>
* Third baseman [[Harry Jeffries]] appeared in 84 games and compiled a .291 batting average and a .373 on-base percentage. He ranked third on the team with 61 runs scored.<ref name=Batting/>
* Utility player [[Harry Kenyon]] appeared in 55 games, including 14 at first base, 14 as a pitcher, 11 at second base, eight in left field, four in right field, five as a pinch hitter, two as a pinch runner, and one in center field.<ref name=Fielding/> He compiled a .308 batting average with nine doubles, four triples, and six stolen bases.<ref name=Batting/>
* Left fielder [[Johnny Jones (outfielder)|Johnny Jones]] appeared in only 22 games but had the team's second highest batting average (.333) and on-base percentage (.429).<ref name=Batting/> He also had five assists and two double plays in only 20 games in left field.<ref name=Fielding/>
==Pitching==
[[Andy Cooper]] appeared in 37 games, 23 as a starter, and compiled a 13-9 [[Win–loss record (pitching)|win–loss record]] with a 3.91 [[earned run average]] (ERA) and 70 strikeouts.<ref name=Pitching>{{cite web|title=1926 Detroit Stars Pitching|publisher=Seamheads|accessdate=January 8, 2022|url=https://www.seamheads.com/NegroLgs/team.php?yearID=1926&teamID=DS&tab=pit}}</ref> He ranked among the NNL leaders with 182 inning pitched (second) and 13 wins (tied for third).<ref name=Pitch>{{cite web|title=1926 Negro National League Pitching Leaders|publisher=Seamheads.com|access-date=January 7, 2022|url=https://www.seamheads.com/NegroLgs/year.php?yearID=1926&tab=pit_basic&lgID=NNL&qual=Y&role=All&sort=ERA_a}}</ref> Cooper died in 1941 and was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|title=Andy Cooper|publisher=National Baseball Hall of Fame|access-date=September 12, 2020|url=https://baseballhall.org/hall-of-famers/cooper-andy}}</ref>
Other pitchers included [[Lewis Hampton]] (11-11, 4.67 ERA, 53 strikeouts), [[Yellowhorse Morris]] (8-7, 5.55 ERA, 63 strikeouts), and [[Fred Bell (baseball)|Fred Bell]] (7-4, 3.12 ERA, 52 strikeouts).<ref name=Pitching/>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Detroit Negro league baseball}}
[[Category:1926 in sports in Michigan]]
[[Category:Negro league baseball seasons]]
[[Category:African-American history in Detroit]]
| 1,268,498,885
|
[{"title": "1926 Detroit Stars", "data": {"League": "Negro National League", "Ballpark": "Mack Park", "City": "Detroit", "Record": "52\u201347\u20131 (.525)", "Owners": "John A. Roesink", "Managers": "Bill Riggins, Candy Jim Taylor"}}]
| false
|
# 1886 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles
Claude Farrer and Arthur Stanley defeated Patrick Bowes-Lyon and Herbert Wilberforce 7–5, 6–3, 6–1 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champions Ernest Renshaw and William Renshaw defeated Farrer and Stanley 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5 in the challenge round to win the gentlemen's doubles tennis title at the 1886 Wimbledon Championships.
## Draw
### Key
- Q = Qualifier
- WC = Wild card
- LL = Lucky loser
- Alt = Alternate
- SE = Special exempt
- PR = Protected ranking
- ITF = ITF entry
- JE = Junior exempt
- w/o = Walkover
- r = Retired
- d = Defaulted
- SR = Special ranking
### Challenge round
| | Challenge Round | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Claude Farrer Arthur Stanley | Claude Farrer Arthur Stanley | 3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | | |
| | Claude Farrer Arthur Stanley | Claude Farrer Arthur Stanley | 3 | 3 | 6 | 5 | | |
| | Ernest Renshaw William Renshaw | Ernest Renshaw William Renshaw | 6 | 6 | 4 | 7 | | |
### All comers' finals
| | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | | | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | | | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | Final | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Claude Farrer Arthur Stanley | Claude Farrer Arthur Stanley | 6 | 6 | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | A Dunn C Liddel | A Dunn C Liddel | 1 | 3 | 5 | | | | | Claude Farrer Arthur Stanley | Claude Farrer Arthur Stanley | 6 | 6 | 10 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Herbert Chipp Ernest Meers | Herbert Chipp Ernest Meers | | | | | | | | Herbert Chipp Ernest Meers | Herbert Chipp Ernest Meers | 4 | 1 | 8 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | CJ Cramer-Roberts HC Crawford | CJ Cramer-Roberts HC Crawford | w/o | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Claude Farrer Arthur Stanley | Claude Farrer Arthur Stanley | 7 | 6 | 6 | | | |
| | Patrick Bowes-Lyon Herbert Wilberforce | Patrick Bowes-Lyon Herbert Wilberforce | 5 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 6 | | | | | Patrick Bowes-Lyon Herbert Wilberforce | Patrick Bowes-Lyon Herbert Wilberforce | 5 | 3 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | MG MacNamara William Taylor | MG MacNamara William Taylor | 7 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 0 | | | Patrick Bowes-Lyon Herbert Wilberforce | Patrick Bowes-Lyon Herbert Wilberforce | 7 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Wilfred Milne Charles Ross | Wilfred Milne Charles Ross | 9 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 4 | | | | | | | | | | |
|
enwiki/54388701
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enwiki
| 54,388,701
|
1886 Wimbledon Championships – Men's doubles
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1886_Wimbledon_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_doubles
|
2022-12-20T15:33:53Z
|
en
|
Q1797148
| 156,997
|
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox tennis tournament event|1886|Wimbledon Championships|s
| champ = {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ernest Renshaw]] <br /> {{flagicon|GBR}} [[William Renshaw]]
| runner = {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Claude Farrer]] <br /> {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arthur J. Stanley|Arthur Stanley]]
| score = 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5
| draw = 7
| seeds = –
| type =
}}
{{Main|1886 Wimbledon Championships}}
[[Claude Farrer]] and [[Arthur J. Stanley|Arthur Stanley]] defeated [[Patrick Bowes-Lyon]] and [[Herbert Wilberforce]] 7–5, 6–3, 6–1 in the All Comers' Final, but the reigning champions [[Ernest Renshaw]] and [[William Renshaw]] defeated Farrer and Stanley 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5 in the challenge round to win the gentlemen's doubles tennis title at the 1886 Wimbledon Championships.<ref name="Tingay">100 Years of Wimbledon by Lance Tingay, Guinness Superlatives Ltd. 1977</ref><ref name="Barrett">{{cite book|last=Barrett|first=John|title=Wimbledon: The Official History|date=2014|publisher=Vision Sports Publishing|isbn=9-781909-534230|edition=4th}}</ref>
==Draw==
{{Draw key}}
===Challenge round===
{{2TeamBracket|sets=5
| RD1=Challenge Round
| seeds =
| team-width=175
| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Claude Farrer]]<br />{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arthur J. Stanley|Arthur Stanley]]
| RD1-score1-1=3
| RD1-score1-2=3
| RD1-score1-3='''6'''
| RD1-score1-4=5
| RD1-score1-5=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Ernest Renshaw]]'''<br />{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[William Renshaw]]'''
| RD1-score2-1='''6'''
| RD1-score2-2='''6'''
| RD1-score2-3=4
| RD1-score2-4='''7'''
| RD1-score2-5=
}}
===All comers' finals===
{{8TeamBracket-Compact-Byes
| sets=5
| RD1=Quarterfinals
| RD2=Semifinals
| RD3=Final
| team-width=175
| seeds=
| RD1-seed1=
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Claude Farrer]]'''<br />{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Arthur J. Stanley|Arthur Stanley]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''6'''
| RD1-score1-2='''6'''
| RD1-score1-3='''7'''
| RD1-score1-4=
| RD1-score1-5=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|GBR}} A Dunn<br />{{flagicon|GBR}} C Liddel
| RD1-score2-1=1
| RD1-score2-2=3
| RD1-score2-3=5
| RD1-score2-4=
| RD1-score2-5=
| RD1-seed3=
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Herbert Chipp]]'''<br />{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Ernest George Meers|Ernest Meers]]'''
| RD1-score3-1=
| RD1-score3-2=
| RD1-score3-3=
| RD1-score3-4=
| RD1-score3-5=
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|GBR}} CJ Cramer-Roberts<br />{{flagicon|GBR}} HC Crawford
| RD1-score4-1=<small>w/o</small>
| RD1-score4-2=
| RD1-score4-3=
| RD1-score4-4=
| RD1-score4-5=
| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Patrick Bowes-Lyon]]'''<br />{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Herbert Wilberforce]]'''
| RD1-score5-1=5
| RD1-score5-2='''6'''
| RD1-score5-3='''6'''
| RD1-score5-4=3
| RD1-score5-5='''6'''
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|GBR}} MG MacNamara<br />{{flagicon|GBR}} William Taylor
| RD1-score6-1='''7'''
| RD1-score6-2=2
| RD1-score6-3=1
| RD1-score6-4='''6'''
| RD1-score6-5=0
| RD2-seed1=
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Claude Farrer]]'''<br />{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Arthur J. Stanley|Arthur Stanley]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''6'''
| RD2-score1-2='''6'''
| RD2-score1-3='''10'''
| RD2-score1-4=
| RD2-score1-5=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Herbert Chipp]]<br />{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ernest George Meers|Ernest Meers]]
| RD2-score2-1=4
| RD2-score2-2=1
| RD2-score2-3=8
| RD2-score2-4=
| RD2-score2-5=
| RD2-seed3=
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Patrick Bowes-Lyon]]'''<br />{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Herbert Wilberforce]]'''
| RD2-score3-1=7
| RD2-score3-2=4
| RD2-score3-3='''8'''
| RD2-score3-4='''6'''
| RD2-score3-5='''6'''
| RD2-seed4=
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|GBR}} Wilfred Milne<br />{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Charles Ross (English cricketer)|Charles Ross]]
| RD2-score4-1='''9'''
| RD2-score4-2='''6'''
| RD2-score4-3=6
| RD2-score4-4=1
| RD2-score4-5=4
| RD3-seed1=
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Claude Farrer]]'''<br />{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Arthur J. Stanley|Arthur Stanley]]'''
| RD3-score1-1='''7'''
| RD3-score1-2='''6'''
| RD3-score1-3='''6'''
| RD3-score1-4=
| RD3-score1-5=
| RD3-seed2=
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Patrick Bowes-Lyon]]<br />{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Herbert Wilberforce]]
| RD3-score2-1=5
| RD3-score2-2=3
| RD3-score2-3=1
| RD3-score2-4=
| RD3-score2-5=
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*{{Wimbledondraws|1886|MD}}
{{Wimbledon men's doubles drawsheets}}
{{Wimbledon men's doubles champions}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1886 Wimbledon Championships - Gentlemen's Doubles}}
[[Category:1886 Wimbledon Championships|Gentlemen's Doubles]]
[[Category:Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's doubles]]
| 1,128,519,826
|
[{"title": "Men's doubles", "data": {"Champions": "Ernest Renshaw \u00b7 William Renshaw", "Runners-up": "Claude Farrer \u00b7 Arthur Stanley", "Score": "6\u20133, 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 7\u20135", "Draw": "7", "Seeds": "\u2013"}}, {"title": "Singles", "data": {"Singles": "men \u00b7 women", "Doubles": "men \u00b7 women"}}]
| false
|
# 1890 in Norway
Events in the year 1890 in Norway.
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Oscar II.[1]
- Prime Minister –
## Arts and literature
- Sult, novel by Knut Hamsun is published.
## Births
### January to June
- 10 January – Kirsten Utheim Toverud, pediatrician (died 1949).[2]
- 16 January – Henry Reinholt, footballer (died 1980).[3]
- 23 January – Leon Aurdal, painter (died 1949).[4]
- 13 February – Georg Tysland, engineer and metallurgist[5]
- 18 March – Gunnar Andersen, international soccer player and ski jumper (died 1968)
- 4 April – Per Kvist, writer, actor (died 1947).[6]
- 26 April – Arne Gjedrem, politician (died 1978)
- 26 April – Thoralf Klouman, satirical illustrator and actor (died 1940).[7]
- 11 May – Helge Løvland, decathlete and Olympic gold medallist (died 1984)
- 14 May – Olaf Johannessen, rifle shooter (died 1977)
- 14 May – Harald Houge Torp, politician (died 1972)
- 7 June – Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen, aviation pioneer, polar explorer and businessman (died 1965)
### July to September
- 10 July – Marie Ingeborg Skau, politician (died 1966)
- 25 July – Torleiv Corneliussen, sailor and Olympic gold medallist (died 1975)
- 31 July – Håkon Tønsager, rower (died 1975)
- 19 August – Konrad Knudsen, painter, journalist and politician (died 1959)
- 29 August – Peder Furubotn, cabinetmaker and politician (died 1975).[8]
- 3 September – Per Fokstad, teacher, politician and intellectual (died 1973)
- 17 September – Sverre Grøner, gymnast and Olympic silver medallist (died 1972)
### October to December
- 1 October – Halfdan Haneborg Hansen, military officer, Milorg pioneer and businessman (died 1974).[9]
- 23 October – Anders Johanneson Bøyum, politician (died 1962)
- 26 October – John Aae, politician (died 1968)
- 23 November – Frithjof Olstad, rower and Olympic bronze medallist (died 1956)
- 14 December – Sigurd Hoel, author and publishing consultant (died 1960)
### Full date unknown
- Harald Langhelle, newspaper editor and politician (died 1942)
- Ragnar Skancke, politician and Minister (died 1948)
- Bjørn Talén, opera singer (died 1945)
## Deaths
### Full date unknown
- Ole Andreas Bachke, politician and Minister (born 1830)
- Paul Peter Vilhelm Breder, politician (born 1816)
- Svend Adolph Solberg, politician (born 1831)
- Jacob Tostrup, goldsmith and jeweller (born 1806)
- Clara Ursin, actress and singer (born 1828)
|
enwiki/21989663
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enwiki
| 21,989,663
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1890 in Norway
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890_in_Norway
|
2025-01-27T06:49:13Z
|
en
|
Q4556481
| 78,263
|
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates | date=November 2023}}
{{Year in Norway|1890}}
Events in the year '''1890 in [[Norway]]'''.
==Incumbents==
*Monarch – [[Oscar II]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Oscar 2. |first1=Terje |last1=Bratberg |first2=Magnus A. |last2=Mardal |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |editor-last=Bolstad | editor-first=Erik |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |location=Oslo |url=https://snl.no/Oscar_2. |language=no |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref>
*Prime Minister –
==Events==
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}
==Arts and literature==
[[File:Hunger first edition.jpg|thumb |right |100 px |''[[Hunger (Hamsun novel)|Sult]]'', by [[Knut Hamsun]].]]
*''[[Hunger (Hamsun novel)|Sult]]'', novel by [[Knut Hamsun]] is published.
==Births==
===January to June===
*10 January – [[Kirsten Utheim Toverud]], pediatrician (died [[1949 in Norway|1949]]).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Kirsten Utheim Toverud |encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]] |first1=Agnes H |last1=Frølich |authorlink= |editor-last=Helle | editor-first=Knut | editor-link=Knut Helle |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=https://nbl.snl.no/Kirsten_Utheim_Toverud | language=Norwegian |accessdate=2 September 2020 }}</ref>
*16 January – [[Henry Reinholt]], footballer (died [[1980 in Norway|1980]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/26846 |website=olympedia.org |title=Henry Reinholt |accessdate=18 November 2020}}</ref>
*23 January – [[Leon Aurdal]], painter (died [[1949 in Norway|1949]]).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Leon Aurdal |encyclopedia=Norsk kunstnerleksikon|first=Oscar |last=Thue |authorlink= |editor= |publisher= |location= |url=https://nkl.snl.no/Leon_Aurdal |language=Norwegian |accessdate=2 July 2016}}</ref>
*13 February – [[Georg Tysland]], engineer and metallurgist<ref>{{cite web|url= https://snl.no/Georg_Tysland|title = Georg Tysland |publisher = Store norske leksikon |accessdate= December 15, 2016
}}</ref>
*18 March – [[Gunnar Andersen]], international soccer player and ski jumper (died [[1968 in Norway|1968]])
* 4 April – [[Per Kvist]], writer, actor (died [[1947 in Norway|1947]]).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Per Kvist |first= |last= |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |editor-last=Bolstad | editor-first=Erik |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |location=Oslo |url=https://snl.no/Per_Kvist |language=no |access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref>
*26 April – [[Arne Gjedrem]], politician (died [[1978 in Norway|1978]])
*26 April – [[Thoralf Klouman]], satirical illustrator and actor (died [[1940 in Norway|1940]]).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Thoralf Klouman |first= |last= |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |editor-last=Bolstad | editor-first=Erik |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |location=Oslo |url=https://snl.no/Thoralf_Klouman |language=no |access-date=16 January 2025}}</ref>
*11 May – [[Helge Løvland]], decathlete and Olympic gold medallist (died [[1984 in Norway|1984]])
*14 May – [[Olaf Johannessen (sport shooter)|Olaf Johannessen]], rifle shooter (died [[1977 in Norway|1977]])
*14 May – [[Harald Houge Torp]], politician (died [[1972 in Norway|1972]])
*7 June – [[Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen]], aviation pioneer, polar explorer and businessman (died [[1965 in Norway|1965]])
===July to September===
*10 July – [[Marie Ingeborg Skau]], politician (died [[1966 in Norway|1966]])
*25 July – [[Torleiv Corneliussen]], sailor and Olympic gold medallist (died [[1975 in Norway|1975]])
*31 July – [[Håkon Tønsager]], rower (died [[1975 in Norway|1975]])
*19 August – [[Konrad Knudsen]], painter, journalist and politician (died [[1959 in Norway|1959]])
*29 August – [[Peder Furubotn]], cabinetmaker and politician (died [[1975 in Norway|1975]]).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Peder Furubotn |first=Knut Are |last=Tvedt |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |editor-last=Bolstad | editor-first=Erik |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |location=Oslo |url=https://snl.no/Peder_Furubotn |language=no |access-date=4 February 2023}}</ref>
*3 September – [[Per Fokstad]], teacher, politician and intellectual (died [[1973 in Norway|1973]])
*17 September – [[Sverre Grøner]], gymnast and Olympic silver medallist (died [[1972 in Norway|1972]])
===October to December===
*1 October – [[Halfdan Haneborg Hansen]], military officer, [[Milorg]] pioneer and businessman (died [[1974 in Norway|1974]]).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|year=1973|title=Haneborg Hansen, Halfdan Olaf|encyclopedia=[[Hvem er hvem?]]|editor=Steenstrup, Bjørn|publisher=Aschehoug|location=Oslo |url=https://runeberg.org/hvemerhvem/1973/0208.html |page=208|language=Norwegian|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref>
*23 October – [[Anders Johanneson Bøyum]], politician (died [[1962 in Norway|1962]])
*26 October – [[John Aae]], politician (died [[1968 in Norway|1968]])
*23 November – [[Frithjof Olstad]], rower and Olympic bronze medallist (died [[1956 in Norway|1956]])
*14 December – [[Sigurd Hoel]], author and publishing consultant (died [[1960 in Norway|1960]])
===Full date unknown===
*[[Harald Langhelle]], newspaper editor and politician (died [[1942 in Norway|1942]])
*[[Ragnar Skancke]], politician and Minister (died [[1948 in Norway|1948]])
*[[Bjørn Talén]], opera singer (died [[1945 in Norway|1945]])
==Deaths==
===Full date unknown===
*[[Ole Andreas Bachke]], politician and Minister (born [[1830 in Norway|1830]])
*[[Paul Peter Vilhelm Breder]], politician (born [[1816 in Norway|1816]])
*[[Svend Adolph Solberg]], politician (born [[1831 in Norway|1831]])
*[[Jacob Tostrup]], goldsmith and jeweller (born [[1806 in Norway|1806]])
* [[Clara Ursin]], actress and singer (born [[1828 in Denmark|1828]])
==See also==
{{Portal bar|Norway|History|Lists}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Years in Norway during the union with Sweden nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1890}}
[[Category:1890 in Norway| ]]
| 1,272,121,092
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1889 - 1888 - 1887": "1890 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Norway \u00b7 \u2192 - 1891 - 1892 - 1893", "Centuries": "17th 18th 19th 20th 21st", "Decades": "1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s", "See also": "1890 in Sweden \u00b7 List of years in Norway"}}]
| false
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# 1700 in piracy
See also 1699 in piracy, 1701 in piracy, and Timeline of piracy.
## Events
### Africa
- July 18 - In the Cape Verde islands, Emanuel Wynn's pirate ship engages and escapes HMS Poole under Capt. John Cranby; this is the first recorded piratical use of the skull and crossbones flag.[citation needed]
### Indian Ocean
- Undated - John Bowen's pirates cruise off Malabar and capture several ships including an East Indiaman. William Beavis in the East Indiaman Albemarle repulses a subsequent attack by Bowen's men. Bowen's ship, the Speaker, is wrecked later in the year.[1]
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1700 in piracy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1700_in_piracy
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2024-11-09T08:30:00Z
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en
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Q4552302
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{{short description|none}}
''See also'' [[1699 in piracy]], [[1701 in piracy]], and [[Timeline of piracy]].
==Events==
===Africa===
*July 18 - In the [[Cape Verde]] islands, [[Emanuel Wynn]]'s pirate ship engages and escapes ''HMS Poole'' under Capt. John Cranby; this is the first recorded piratical use of the [[Jolly Roger|skull and crossbones]] flag.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}
===Indian Ocean===
* Undated - [[John Bowen (pirate)|John Bowen]]'s pirates cruise off [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]] and capture several ships including an [[East Indiaman]]. [[William Beavis]] in the East Indiaman ''Albemarle'' repulses a subsequent attack by Bowen's men. Bowen's ship, the ''Speaker'', is wrecked later in the year.<ref name="johnson 1724">{{cite book |author1=Captain Charles Johnson |author1-link=Captain Charles Johnson |title=A General History of the Pyrates |date=14 May 1724 |publisher=[[Charles Rivington]]; J. Lacy, and J. Stone |location=[[Kingdom of Great Britain]] |pages=45-56 |volume=2 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/vol1_20200912/vol2/page/n45/mode/2up?view=theater |title-link=A General History of the Pyrates |chapter=Of Captain John Bowen}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1700|Piracy]]
[[Category:Piracy by year]]
[[Category:1700 in military history]]
| 1,256,311,414
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[]
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# 1779 English cricket season
The 1779 English cricket season was the eighth in which matches have been awarded retrospective first-class cricket status. The scorecards of five first-class matches have survived.
## Matches
Five first-class match scorecards survive from 1779, four of them matches between England sides and Hampshire XIs.
- 14–15 June – Hampshire XI v England – Itchin Stoke Down[3]
- 23–26 June – England v Hampshire XI – Sevenoaks Vine[4]
- 9–11 August – Surrey XI v Kent XI – Laleham Burway[5]
- 23 August – Hampshire XI v England – Broadhalfpenny Down[6]
- 13–16 September – England v Hampshire XI – Moulsey Hurst[7]
Five other matches are known to have been played during the season, including a match between Kent and Surrey at Bourne Paddock in July which was badly affected by rain. Others include early references to cricket in both Berkshire and Oxfordshire.
## First-class debutants
- Berwick (Surrey and Hampshire)
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1779 English cricket season
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{{short description|none}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| previous_year = 1778
| previous_tournament = 1778 English cricket season
| next_year = 1780
| next_tournament = 1780 English cricket season
}}
The '''1779 English cricket season''' was the eighth in which matches have been awarded retrospective [[first-class cricket]] status. The scorecards of five first-class matches have survived.
==Matches==
Five first-class match scorecards survive from 1779, four of them matches between England sides and Hampshire XIs.<ref name=ACS>[[Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians]] (ACS) (1981) ''A Guide to Important Cricket Matches Played in the British Isles 1709 – 1863''. Nottingham: ACS.</ref><ref name=ci>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/series/535151.html Results], English Domestic Season 1779, CricInfo. Retrieved 2019-03-02.</ref>
*14–15 June – [[Hampshire county cricket teams|Hampshire XI]] v England – [[Itchin Stoke Down]]<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17872/game/535166/hampshire-xii-vs-england-england-domestic-season-1779 Hampshire XI v England], scorecard, [[CricInfo]]. Retrieved 2019-03-02.</ref>
*23–26 June – England v Hampshire XI – [[Sevenoaks Vine]]<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17872/game/535162/england-vs-hampshire-xii-england-domestic-season-1779 England v Hampshire XI], scorecard, [[CricInfo]]. Retrieved 2019-03-02.</ref>
*9–11 August – [[Surrey county cricket teams|Surrey XI]] v [[Kent county cricket teams|Kent XI]] – [[Laleham Burway]]<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17872/game/535164/surrey-xi-vs-kent-xi-england-domestic-season-1779 Surrey XI v Kent XI], scorecard, [[CricInfo]]. Retrieved 2019-03-02.</ref>
*23 August – Hampshire XI v England – [[Broadhalfpenny Down]]<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17872/game/535161/hampshire-xii-vs-england-england-domestic-season-1779 Hampshire XI v England], scorecard, [[CricInfo]]. Retrieved 2019-03-02.</ref>
*13–16 September – England v Hampshire XI – [[Moulsey Hurst]]<ref>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/17872/game/535168/england-vs-hampshire-xii-england-domestic-season-1779 England v Hampshire XI], scorecard, [[CricInfo]]. Retrieved 2019-03-02.</ref>
Five other matches are known to have been played during the season, including a match between Kent and Surrey at [[Bourne Paddock]] in July which was badly affected by rain.<ref>{{cite book |last=Buckley |first=G. B. |author-link=G. B. Buckley |title=Fresh Light on 18th Century Cricket |year=1935 |publisher=Cotterell }}</ref> Others include early references to cricket in both [[Berkshire]] and [[Oxfordshire]].<ref name=ca>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/5/Other_matches_in_England_1779.html Other matches in England 1779], CricketArchive. Retrieved 2019-02-10.</ref>
==First-class debutants==
* [[Berwick (cricketer)|Berwick]] (Surrey and Hampshire)
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Altham |first=H. S. |author-link=Harry Altham |title=A History of Cricket, Volume 1 (to 1914) |year=1962 |publisher=George Allen & Unwin }}
* {{cite book |last=Birley |first=Derek |author-link=Derek Birley |title=A Social History of English Cricket |year=1999 |publisher=Aurum }}
* {{cite book |last=Bowen |first=Rowland |author-link=Rowland Bowen |title=Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development |year=1970 |publisher=Eyre & Spottiswoode }}
* {{cite book |last=Major |first=John |author-link=John Major |title=More Than A Game |year=2007 |publisher=HarperCollins }}
* {{cite book |last=Underdown |first=David |author-link=David Underdown |title=Start of Play |year=2000 |publisher=Allen Lane }}
{{English cricket seasons}}
[[Category:1779 in English cricket]]
[[Category:English cricket seasons in the 18th century]]
| 1,223,852,033
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[]
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# 1932–33 Northern Rugby Football League season
The 1932–33 Northern Rugby Football League season was the 38th season of rugby league football. Salford won their second Rugby Football League Championship when they beat Swinton 15-5 in the play-off final. They had also finished the regular season as league leaders. The Challenge Cup winners were Huddersfield who beat Warrington 21-17 in the final. Salford won the Lancashire League, and Castleford won the Yorkshire League. Warrington beat St.Helens 10–9 to win the Lancashire Cup, and Leeds beat Wakefield Trinity 8–0 to win the Yorkshire Cup. This season, Widnes' Jimmy Hoey became rugby league's first player to play and score in every one of his club's matches in an entire season.
## Championship
| | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | Pts |
| -- | -------------------- | --- | -- | - | -- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Salford | 38 | 31 | 2 | 5 | 751 | 165 | 64 |
| 2 | Swinton | 38 | 26 | 2 | 10 | 412 | 247 | 54 |
| 3 | York | 38 | 24 | 4 | 10 | 571 | 273 | 52 |
| 4 | Wigan | 38 | 25 | 2 | 11 | 717 | 411 | 52 |
| 5 | Warrington | 38 | 26 | 0 | 12 | 625 | 426 | 52 |
| 6 | Barrow | 38 | 24 | 2 | 12 | 508 | 332 | 50 |
| 7 | Hunslet | 38 | 23 | 0 | 15 | 529 | 365 | 46 |
| 8 | Castleford | 38 | 21 | 4 | 13 | 403 | 326 | 46 |
| 9 | Huddersfield | 38 | 21 | 0 | 17 | 504 | 333 | 42 |
| 10 | Leeds | 38 | 20 | 2 | 16 | 544 | 423 | 42 |
| 11 | St. Helens | 38 | 20 | 2 | 16 | 554 | 494 | 42 |
| 12 | Widnes | 38 | 19 | 2 | 17 | 446 | 406 | 40 |
| 13 | Broughton Rangers | 38 | 18 | 4 | 16 | 289 | 322 | 40 |
| 14 | Oldham | 38 | 19 | 1 | 18 | 438 | 464 | 39 |
| 15 | Rochdale Hornets | 38 | 19 | 1 | 18 | 497 | 533 | 39 |
| 16 | St Helens Recs | 38 | 16 | 4 | 18 | 419 | 416 | 36 |
| 17 | Keighley | 38 | 16 | 3 | 19 | 418 | 428 | 35 |
| 18 | Hull | 38 | 16 | 2 | 20 | 467 | 460 | 34 |
| 19 | Wakefield Trinity | 38 | 15 | 4 | 19 | 370 | 483 | 34 |
| 20 | Halifax | 38 | 16 | 1 | 21 | 434 | 392 | 33 |
| 21 | Hull Kingston Rovers | 38 | 15 | 0 | 23 | 383 | 490 | 30 |
| 22 | Bradford Northern | 38 | 14 | 2 | 22 | 377 | 587 | 30 |
| 23 | Leigh | 38 | 15 | 0 | 23 | 364 | 610 | 30 |
| 24 | Dewsbury | 38 | 14 | 0 | 24 | 361 | 503 | 28 |
| 25 | Batley | 38 | 12 | 1 | 25 | 293 | 450 | 25 |
| 26 | Featherstone Rovers | 38 | 8 | 2 | 28 | 302 | 594 | 18 |
| 27 | Wigan Highfield | 38 | 8 | 2 | 28 | 240 | 734 | 18 |
| 28 | Bramley | 38 | 6 | 1 | 31 | 219 | 768 | 13 |
### Play-off
| | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | | | Championship final | Championship final | Championship final | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | 1 | Salford | 14 | | | | | | |
| | 1 | Salford | 14 | | | | | | |
| | 4 | Wigan | 2 | | | | | | |
| | 4 | Wigan | 2 | | Salford | Salford | 15 | | |
| | | | | | Salford | Salford | 15 | | |
| | | | Swinton | Swinton | 5 | | | | |
| | 2 | Swinton | Swinton | Swinton | 5 | 11 | | | |
| | 2 | Swinton | | | | | | | |
| | 3 | York | 4 | | | | | | |
## Challenge Cup
Huddersfield beat Warrington 21-17 in the final at Wembley before a crowd of 41,784. This was Huddersfield’s fourth Cup Final win in as many Cup Final appearances, and they became the first team to win the trophy more than three times. This was also the fifth Cup Final defeat for Warrington.
## Sources
- 1932-33 Rugby Football League season at wigan.rlfans.com
- The Challenge Cup at The Rugby Football League website
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1932–33 Northern Rugby Football League season
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932%E2%80%9333_Northern_Rugby_Football_League_season
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2023-07-27T22:05:16Z
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{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox rugby football league season
| title = 1932–33 Northern Rugby Football League season
| league = [[Rugby Football League Championship|Championship]]
| logo =
| pixels =
| caption =
| duration = 38 Rounds
| no_of_teams = 28
| attendance =
| TV =
| season =
| season_champs = {{leagueicon|salford city|16}} [[Salford Red Devils|Salford]] (2nd title)
| season_champ_name = [[Rugby Football League Championship|Champions]]
| league_leaders = {{leagueicon|salford city|16}} [[Salford Red Devils|Salford]]
| league_leaders_name = League Leaders
| second_place ={{leagueicon|swinton|16}} [[Swinton Lions|Swinton]]
| premiership_win =
| premiership_win_name=
| MVP =
| MVP_link =
| top_scorer = {{flagicon|WAL}} [[Jim Sullivan (Welsh rugby league)|Jim Sullivan]] ({{leagueicon|wigan|16}} [[Wigan Warriors|Wigan]]) (307)
| top_scorer_link =
| top try scorer = {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Eric Harris (rugby league)|Eric Harris]] ({{leagueicon|leeds|16}} [[Leeds Rhinos|Leeds]]) (57)
| top try scorer_link =
| membership_type =
| join =
| join_method =
| leave =
| leave_reason =
| promote =
| promoted_from =
| relegate =
| relegate_to =
| licence_period =
| awarded =
| removed =
| season2 =
| season_champs2 =
| season_champ_name2 =
| league_leaders2 =
| league_leaders_name2=
| second_place2 =
| MVP2 =
| MVP_link2 =
| top_scorer2 =
| top_scorer_link2 =
| top try scorer2 =
| top try scorer_link2=
| promote2 =
| promoted_from2 =
| relegate2 =
| relegate_to2 =
| season3 = <!-- N/A -->
| season_champs3 = <!-- N/A -->
| season_champ_name3 = <!-- N/A -->
| league_leaders3 =
| league_leaders_name3=
| second_place3 =
| MVP3 =
| MVP_link3 =
| top_scorer3 =
| top_scorer_link3 =
| top try scorer3 =
| top try scorer_link3=
| membership_type3 =
| join3 =
| join_method3 =
| leave3 =
| leave_reason3 =
| prevseason_link = 1931–32 Northern Rugby Football League season
| prevseason_year = 1931–32
| nextseason_link = 1933–34 Northern Rugby Football League season
| nextseason_year = 1933–34
}}
The '''1932–33 Northern Rugby Football League season''' was the 38th season of [[Rugby league|rugby league football]]. [[Salford Red Devils|Salford]] won their second [[Rugby Football League Championship]] when they beat [[Swinton Lions|Swinton]] 15-5 in the play-off final. They had also finished the regular season as league leaders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wigan.rlfans.com/fusion_pages/index.php?page_id=352 |title=1932-33 Season summary |access-date=2009-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826220459/http://wigan.rlfans.com/fusion_pages/index.php?page_id=352 |archive-date=2009-08-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Challenge Cup]] winners were [[Huddersfield Giants|Huddersfield]] who beat [[Warrington Wolves|Warrington]] 21-17 in the final. [[Salford Red Devils|Salford]] won the [[Rugby league county leagues|Lancashire League]], and [[Castleford Tigers|Castleford]] won the [[Rugby league county leagues|Yorkshire League]]. [[Warrington Wolves|Warrington]] beat [[St Helens R.F.C.|St.Helens]] 10–9 to win the [[RFL Lancashire Cup|Lancashire Cup]], and [[Leeds Rhinos|Leeds]] beat [[Wakefield Trinity]] 8–0 to win the [[RFL Yorkshire Cup|Yorkshire Cup]]. This season, [[Widnes Vikings|Widnes]]' [[Jimmy Hoey]] became rugby league's first player to play and score in every one of his club's matches in an entire season.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jimmy Hoey|url=http://www.rugby.widnes.tv/halloffame.php?id=5|work=Hall of Fame|publisher=rugby.widnes.tv|access-date=21 January 2014}}</ref>
==Championship==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=20 abbr="Position" |
!width=175 |Team
!width=20 abbr="Played" |Pld
!width=20 abbr="Won" |W
!width=20 abbr="Drawn" |D
!width=20 abbr="Lost" |L
!width=20 abbr="Points for" |PF
!width=20 abbr="Points against" |PA
!width=20 abbr="Points" |Pts
|-
|- align=center style="background:#FFD700;"
|1||'''[[Salford Red Devils|Salford]]'''||38||31||2||5||751||165||64
|- align=center style="background:"
|2||[[Swinton Lions|Swinton]]||38||26||2||10||412||247||54
|- align=center style="background:"
|3||[[York F.C.|York]]||38||24||4||10||571||273||52
|- align=center style="background:"
|4||[[Wigan Warriors|Wigan]]||38||25||2||11||717||411||52
|- align=center style="background:"
|5||[[Warrington Wolves|Warrington]]||38||26||0||12||625||426||52
|- align=center style="background:"
|6||[[Barrow Raiders|Barrow]]||38||24||2||12||508||332||50
|- align=center style="background:"
|7||[[Hunslet F.C. (1883)|Hunslet]]||38||23||0||15||529||365||46
|- align=center style="background:"
|8||[[Castleford Tigers|Castleford]]||38||21||4||13||403||326||46
|- align=center style="background:"
|9||[[Huddersfield Giants|Huddersfield]]||38||21||0||17||504||333||42
|- align=center style="background:"
|10||[[Leeds Rhinos|Leeds]]||38||20||2||16||544||423||42
|- align=center style="background:"
|11||[[St Helens R.F.C.|St. Helens]]||38||20||2||16||554||494||42
|- align=center style="background:"
|12||[[Widnes Vikings|Widnes]]||38||19||2||17||446||406||40
|- align=center style="background:"
|13||[[Broughton Rangers]]||38||18||4||16||289||322||40
|- align=center style="background:"
|14||[[Oldham R.L.F.C.|Oldham]]||38||19||1||18||438||464||39
|- align=center style="background:"
|15||[[Rochdale Hornets]]||38||19||1||18||497||533||39
|- align=center style="background:"
|16||[[St Helens Recs]]||38||16||4||18||419||416||36
|- align=center style="background:"
|17||[[Keighley Cougars|Keighley]]||38||16||3||19||418||428||35
|- align=center style="background:"
|18||[[Hull F.C.|Hull]]||38||16||2||20||467||460||34
|- align=center style="background:"
|19||[[Wakefield Trinity]]||38||15||4||19||370||483||34
|- align=center style="background:"
|20||[[Halifax R.L.F.C.|Halifax]]||38||16||1||21||434||392||33
|- align=center style="background:"
|21||[[Hull Kingston Rovers]]||38||15||0||23||383||490||30
|- align=center style="background:"
|22||[[Bradford Bulls|Bradford Northern]]||38||14||2||22||377||587||30
|- align=center style="background:"
|23||[[Leigh Centurions|Leigh]]||38||15||0||23||364||610||30
|- align=center style="background:"
|24||[[Dewsbury Rams|Dewsbury]]||38||14||0||24||361||503||28
|- align=center style="background:"
|25||[[Batley Bulldogs|Batley]]||38||12||1||25||293||450||25
|- align=center style="background:"
|26||[[Featherstone Rovers]]||38||8||2||28||302||594||18
|- align=center style="background:"
|27||[[Liverpool Stanley|Wigan Highfield]]||38||8||2||28||240||734||18
|- align=center style="background:"
|28||[[Bramley RLFC|Bramley]]||38||6||1||31||219||768||13
|-
|}
===Play-off===
{{4TeamBracket
| RD1=Semi-finals
| RD2=Championship final
| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1=Salford
| RD1-score1=14
| RD1-seed2=4
| RD1-team2=Wigan
| RD1-score2=2
| RD1-seed3=2
| RD1-team3=Swinton
| RD1-score3=11
| RD1-seed4=3
| RD1-team4=York
| RD1-score4=4
| RD2-team1=Salford
| RD2-score1=15
| RD2-team2=Swinton
| RD2-score2=5
}}
==Challenge Cup==
{{main|1932–33 Challenge Cup}}
Huddersfield beat Warrington 21-17 in the final at Wembley before a crowd of 41,784. This was Huddersfield’s fourth Cup Final win in as many Cup Final appearances, and they became the first team to win the trophy more than three times. This was also the fifth Cup Final defeat for Warrington.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.therfl.co.uk/challengecup/page.php?areaid=65 |title=RFL Challenge Cup Roll of Honour |access-date=2009-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403144113/http://www.therfl.co.uk/challengecup/page.php?areaid=65 |archive-date=2009-04-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Sources==
*[http://wigan.rlfans.com/fusion_pages/index.php?page_id=351 1932-33 Rugby Football League season at wigan.rlfans.com]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090403144113/http://www.therfl.co.uk/challengecup/page.php?areaid=65 The Challenge Cup at The Rugby Football League website]
{{Rugby Football League seasons}}
{{Salford Red Devils}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rugby Football League season, 1932-33}}
[[Category:Northern Rugby Football League seasons]]
[[Category:1932 in English rugby league|Northern Rugby Football League season]]
[[Category:1933 in English rugby league|Northern Rugby Football League season]]
| 1,167,461,048
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[{"title": "1932\u201333 Northern Rugby Football League season", "data": {"League": "Championship", "Duration": "38 Rounds", "Teams": "28", "Champions": "Salford (2nd title)", "League Leaders": "Salford", "Runners-up": "Swinton", "Top point-scorer(s)": "Jim Sullivan ( Wigan) (307)", "Top try-scorer(s)": "Eric Harris ( Leeds) (57)"}}]
| false
|
# $50,000 Reward
$50,000 Reward is a 1924 American silent Western film directed by Clifford S. Elfelt and starring Ken Maynard, Esther Ralston and Bert Lindley.
## Plot
The film is about Tex Sherwood, a man who has just acquired a piece of land. There is a plot twist when he finds out that this land is soon to be irrigated by a dam. Asa Holman, the banker, knows that the ownership of property deed must be registered the next day, but does not let Tex know. Instead, he offers a $50,000 reward for his capture.
The film is set in western Montana in the 1920s during a time when men rode horses as a means of transport. The film begins with a screen that says, "In Montana, things often happen with a surprising suddenness." This is followed by a black screen with the words, "Help!" appearing multiple times. What appears to be a brawl including guns is unfolding across the street where a business owner notices and calls for help. Then, we see a black screen that says, "Get him boys, don't let him get away." Then there is some more brawling, followed by a black screen that says, "I've got what you're after, try and get it." Some more brawling, followed by a screen that says, "50,000 reward to the man who gets him." The men start running after Tex Sherwood as it appears, and he runs away on his horse. The group of men all hop on their horses and follow Ken until they see he has gone up a hill with his horse and the rest of them can not seem to get up there. A black screen then appears and it says, "Tex Sherwood cowpuncher from the Rio Grande, the cause of all the excitement, who has come to Montana to transact some business of a personal nature," Then, we see a black screen that says, "Buck Scofield, the leader of a lawless outfit," and "Tarzan, Tex Sherwood's pal, by himself." Here, we can tell that Tarzan is Ted Sherwood's horse. Then we see Ted and a black screen that says, "We fooled 'em boy, didn't we?" Tarzan nods, and Sherwood rides him down onto the other side of the hill.
The scenes change, and we are now in an office. A black screen says, "Asa Holman, president of the bank, and a big man in local affairs." We see this character who appears to be Asa Holman speaking and a black screen that says, "Tex Sherwood is in town with the papers. I've offered Buck and his gang $50,000 reward to get those documents." We then see a man reply, he is Eli Higgins, Holman's lawyer. Holman and Higgins exchange back and forth. Holman looks concerned, saying "I have millions at stake. If he records those papers, I am ruined."
At this point in the film, we find out why it is that Holman is so concerned. We find out that Holman is a sponsor for a large reclamation project, part of which is a million dollar dam nearing completion in the mountains.
All of this takes place during the first 5 minutes of the film and sets the course for the plot to unfold. On the one hand, we have Ted Sherwood, which has just received a piece of land. And on the other hand, we have Asa Holman, the president of the bank, who has a conflict of interest in Sherwood's acquirement. For this reason, Holman has placed a bounty on Sherwood and has a group of men trying to capture Sherwood and bring him to Holman.
## Cast
- Ken Maynard as Tex Sherwood
- Esther Ralston as Carolyn Jordan
- Bert Lindley as Anthony Jordan
- Edward Peil Sr. as Buck Scofield
- Lillian Leighton as Mrs. Miller
- Charles Newton as Pa Miller
- Frank Whitson as Asa Holman
- William F. Moran as Eli Higgins
- Augusta Ain as Freckles
- Ananias Berry as Snowball
- Olive Trevor as Follies Girl
- Fern Lorraine as Follies Girl
- Katherine DeForrest as Follies Girl
- Edythe Flynn as Follies Girl
- Grace Fay as Follies Girl
- Nancy Zann as Follies Girl
## Production
It is a black and white silent film, and one of the directors (Clifford S. Elfelt) longest running time film.
This film was one of the first features for Ken Maynard, the main actor who plays Ted Sherwood, who quickly became a hugely popular star of early westerns. Esther Ralston, a beautiful and popular actress of silent films, appears as Maynard's leading lady.
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$50,000 Reward
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$50,000_Reward
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2024-06-30T03:50:19Z
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en
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Q63924545
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{{short description|1924 film}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Third-party|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = $50,000 Reward
| image = File:$50,000 Reward.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Clifford S. Elfelt]]
| producer = W. J. Charles Davis<br />Clifford S. Elfelt
| writer = [[Frank Howard Clark]]
| starring = [[Ken Maynard]]<br />[[Esther Ralston]]<br />Bert Lindley
| cinematography = [[Bert Longenecker]]
| studio = Clifford S. Elfelt Productions
| distributor = Davis Distributing Division
| released = {{Film date|1924|12}}
| runtime = 55 minutes
| country = United States
| language = [[Silent film|Silent]]<br />English intertitles
}}
'''''$50,000 Reward''''' is a 1924 American [[silent film|silent]] [[Western (genre)|Western]] film directed by [[Clifford S. Elfelt]] and starring [[Ken Maynard]], [[Esther Ralston]] and Bert Lindley.<ref name="AFI">{{cite book |date=1997 |editor-last=Munden |editor-first=Kenneth W. |title=The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |orig-date=1971 |page=236 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rlLbRAPOgP0C |isbn=0-520-20969-9 }}</ref>
== Plot ==
The film is about Tex Sherwood, a man who has just acquired a piece of land. There is a plot twist when he finds out that this land is soon to be irrigated by a dam. Asa Holman, the banker, knows that the ownership of property deed must be registered the next day, but does not let Tex know. Instead, he offers a $50,000 reward for his capture.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=$50,000 Reward |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0014639/ |access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref>
The film is set in western Montana in the 1920s during a time when men rode horses as a means of transport. The film begins with a screen that says, "In Montana, things often happen with a surprising suddenness." This is followed by a black screen with the words, "Help!" appearing multiple times. What appears to be a brawl including guns is unfolding across the street where a business owner notices and calls for help. Then, we see a black screen that says, "Get him boys, don't let him get away." Then there is some more brawling, followed by a black screen that says, "I've got what you're after, try and get it." Some more brawling, followed by a screen that says, "50,000 reward to the man who gets him." The men start running after Tex Sherwood as it appears, and he runs away on his horse. The group of men all hop on their horses and follow Ken until they see he has gone up a hill with his horse and the rest of them can not seem to get up there. A black screen then appears and it says, "Tex Sherwood cowpuncher from the Rio Grande, the cause of all the excitement, who has come to Montana to transact some business of a personal nature," Then, we see a black screen that says, "Buck Scofield, the leader of a lawless outfit," and "Tarzan, Tex Sherwood's pal, by himself." Here, we can tell that Tarzan is Ted Sherwood's horse. Then we see Ted and a black screen that says, "We fooled 'em boy, didn't we?" Tarzan nods, and Sherwood rides him down onto the other side of the hill.
The scenes change, and we are now in an office. A black screen says, "Asa Holman, president of the bank, and a big man in local affairs." We see this character who appears to be Asa Holman speaking and a black screen that says, "Tex Sherwood is in town with the papers. I've offered Buck and his gang $50,000 reward to get those documents." We then see a man reply, he is Eli Higgins, Holman's lawyer. Holman and Higgins exchange back and forth. Holman looks concerned, saying "I have millions at stake. If he records those papers, I am ruined."<ref name=":1">{{Citation |last=Video Archive |title=$50,000 Reward (1924) |date=January 31, 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FR1iuzisuM |access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref>
At this point in the film, we find out why it is that Holman is so concerned. We find out that Holman is a sponsor for a large reclamation project, part of which is a million dollar dam nearing completion in the mountains.
All of this takes place during the first 5 minutes of the film and sets the course for the plot to unfold. On the one hand, we have Ted Sherwood, which has just received a piece of land. And on the other hand, we have Asa Holman, the president of the bank, who has a conflict of interest in Sherwood's acquirement. For this reason, Holman has placed a bounty on Sherwood and has a group of men trying to capture Sherwood and bring him to Holman.
==Cast==
* [[Ken Maynard]] as Tex Sherwood
* [[Esther Ralston]] as Carolyn Jordan
* Bert Lindley as Anthony Jordan
* [[Edward Peil Sr.]] as Buck Scofield
* [[Lillian Leighton]] as Mrs. Miller
* [[Charles Newton (actor)|Charles Newton]] as Pa Miller
* [[Frank Whitson]] as Asa Holman
* William F. Moran as Eli Higgins
* Augusta Ain as Freckles
* [[Berry Brothers|Ananias Berry]] as Snowball
* Olive Trevor as Follies Girl
* Fern Lorraine as Follies Girl
* Katherine DeForrest as Follies Girl
* Edythe Flynn as Follies Girl
* Grace Fay as Follies Girl
* Nancy Zann as Follies Girl
==Production==
It is a black and white silent film, and one of the directors (Clifford S. Elfelt) longest running time film.{{cn|date=June 2024}}
This film was one of the first features for Ken Maynard, the main actor who plays Ted Sherwood, who quickly became a hugely popular star of early westerns. Esther Ralston, a beautiful and popular actress of silent films, appears as Maynard's leading lady.<ref>{{Citation |title=50,000 Dollar Reward (1925) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/50000_dollar_reward_1925 |language=en |access-date=June 2, 2019}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0014639}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:50, 000 Reward}}
[[Category:1924 films]]
[[Category:1924 Western (genre) films]]
[[Category:1920s English-language films]]
[[Category:American black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Clifford S. Elfelt]]
[[Category:Silent American Western (genre) films]]
[[Category:1920s American films]]
[[Category:English-language Western (genre) films]]
| 1,231,762,467
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[{"title": "$50,000 Reward", "data": {"Directed by": "Clifford S. Elfelt", "Written by": "Frank Howard Clark", "Produced by": "W. J. Charles Davis \u00b7 Clifford S. Elfelt", "Starring": "Ken Maynard \u00b7 Esther Ralston \u00b7 Bert Lindley", "Cinematography": "Bert Longenecker", "Production \u00b7 company": "Clifford S. Elfelt Productions", "Distributed by": "Davis Distributing Division", "Release date": "- December 1924", "Running time": "55 minutes", "Country": "United States", "Languages": "Silent \u00b7 English intertitles"}}]
| false
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# 1847 in paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1847.
## Dinosaurs
### Newly named dinosaurs
| Name | Status | Authors | Authors | Notes |
| ---------------- | ------------------ | ----------------------- | ------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Macroscelosaurus | Misidentification. | Muenster vide von Meyer | | An unpublished name for a misidentified prolacertiform reptile that was probably the same as Tanystropheus. |
| Sphenosaurus | Misidentification. | von Meyer | | A misidentified procolophonid. |
| |
| |
## Pterosaurs
- von Meyer erected the genus Rhamphorhynchus.[4]
## Synapsids
### Non-mammalian
| Name | Status | Authors | Age | Location | Notes | Images |
| ---------- | ------ | ------- | --- | -------- | ----- | ------ |
| Dinosaurus | Valid | Fischer | | | | |
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1847|paleontology|science}}
{{Year in paleontology header|1847}}
==Dinosaurs==
===Newly named dinosaurs===
{| border="0" style="background:transparent;" style="width: 100%;
|-
!width="90%"|
!width="5%"|
!width="5%"|
|-
|style="border:0px" valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! Name
! Status
! colspan="2" | Authors
! Notes
|-
|
''[[Macroscelosaurus]]''<ref>Muenster vide Meyer, H. 1847. Die Saurier des
Muschelkalkes mit Rucksicht auf die Saurier aus
Buntem Sandstein und Keuper. In: Zur Fauna der
Vorwelt, zweite Abtheilung: viii + 167pages;</ref>
|
Misidentification.
|style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|
Muenster vide von Meyer
|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|
|
An [[Nomen nudum|unpublished]] name for a misidentified prolacertiform reptile that was probably the same as ''[[Tanystropheus]]''.
|-
|
''[[Sphenosaurus]]''<ref>Meyer, H. von. 1847. Brifel. Mittel: Neües
Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geologie u.
Palaontologie (1847): p. 181.</ref>
|
Misidentification.
| style="border-right:0px" valign="top"|
von Meyer
|style="border-left:0px" valign="top"|
|
A misidentified procolophonid.
|-
|}
|style="border:0px" valign="top"|
|style="border:0px" valign="top"|
{| border="0" style= height:"100%" align="right" style="background:transparent;"
|- style="height:1px"
| [[File:Tanystropheus BW.jpg|thumb|center|150px|''[[Macroscelosaurus]]'' is probably the same as ''[[Tanystropheus]]''.]]
|- style="height:30px"
|
|}
|-
|}
==Pterosaurs==
* von Meyer erected the genus ''[[Rhamphorhynchus]]''.<ref name="hanson">{{cite web| ref = hanson-2008| last = Hanson| first = Mike| title = The Pterosaur Species List| work = The Pterosauria| publisher = Archosauria.org| date = 12 November 2008| url = http://archosauria.org/pterosauria/taxonomy/species.pdf| access-date = 15 January 2009| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070729075625/http://archosauria.org/pterosauria/taxonomy/species.pdf| archive-date = 29 July 2007}}</ref>
==Synapsids==
===Non-mammalian===
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! Name
! Status
! Authors
! Age
! Location
! width="33%" class="unsortable" | Notes
! class="unsortable"| Images
|-
|
''[[Dinosaurus]]''
|
Valid
|
Fischer
<!-- [[19xx in paleontology|19xx]] -->
|
|
|
<!-- {{Flag|}} -->
| rowspan="99"|
<!-- [[File:Abydosaurus.jpg|thumb|150px|center|''[[Abydosaurus]]'']] -->
|-
|}
==See also==
{{Portal|Paleontology}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:1840s in paleontology]]
[[Category:1847 in science|Paleontology]]
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[]
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# 135th Headquarters Battalion (Ukraine)
135th Separate Headquarters Battalion is a battalion of the Ukrainian Air Assault Forces established in 2015 on the basis of the 3rd Separate Field Communication Nodes and is tasked with protection and guarding of the military installations of the Air Assault Forces. In addition to the Russo-Ukrainian war, the battalion has seen action in multiple peacekeeping operations.
## History
The battalion was officially established on March 29, 2015, by the reformation of the 3rd Separate Field Communication Nodes into the 135th Separate Command and Control Battalion of the Ukrainian Air Assault Forces. with its establishment process being completed on May 29, 2015. It was deployed in July 2015 to take part in the War in Donbass on the territory of ATO zone to protect and safeguard the headquarters of other units and military installations. Before the start of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, the battalion's strength was 94 servicemen deployed throughout the front, moreover nine personnel were deployed for peacekeeping operations in Kosovo, Sierra Leone, Iraq, and Liberia.
In 2019, the battalion was recognized as the best unit of the Ukrainian Air Assault Forces.
## Structure
- Automobile and Vehicle Company[6]
- Engineering Unit
- Sapper Platoon[7]
## Commanders
- Lieutenant Colonel Vadym Kinzerskyi
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enwiki/77905562
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enwiki
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135th Headquarters Battalion (Ukraine)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/135th_Headquarters_Battalion_(Ukraine)
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2025-02-23T04:22:49Z
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en
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Q130425911
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{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 135th Separate Headquarters Battalion
| image = 135th_Separate_Management_Battalion.png
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Battalion Insignia
| native_name = 135-й окремий батальйон управління
| nickname =
| dates = 2015-present
| garrison = [[Zhytomyr]]
| country = {{flag|Ukraine}}
| branch = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ukrainian Air Assault Forces.svg}} [[Ukrainian Air Assault Forces]]
| type = [[Battalion]]
| role = [[Garrison]] Protection
| size = ~100 personnel
| command_structure = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ukrainian Air Assault Forces.svg}} [[Ukrainian Air Assault Forces]]
| motto = ''"Mobility, protection, reliability"''
| colors =
| colors_label =
| battles = [[Russo-Ukrainian War]]
* [[War in Donbass]]
* [[Russian Invasion of Ukraine]]
[[List of wars involving Ukraine#Peacekeeping missions|Peacekeeping operations]]
*[[Kosovo Force]]
* [[United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone|UNSIM]]
* [[United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq|UNAMI]]
* [[United Nations Mission in Liberia|UNAMIL]]
| specialization =
| decorations =
| current_commander = Vadym Kinzerskyi
| identification_symbol = [[File:135 ОБУ ДШВ ЗСУ.png|200px]]
| identification_symbol_label = Former Insignia
}}
'''135th Separate Headquarters Battalion'''<ref name="ukrmilitary">{{cite web|url=https://www.ukrmilitary.com/p/ukrainian-airmobile-forces.html|website=ukrmilitary.com|title=Структура Десантно-штурмових військ ЗСУ|access-date=2024-09-18}}</ref> is a battalion of the [[Ukrainian Air Assault Forces]] established in 2015 on the basis of the 3rd Separate Field Communication Nodes and is tasked with protection and guarding of the military installations of the Air Assault Forces. In addition to the [[Russo-Ukrainian war]], the battalion has seen action in multiple peacekeeping operations.
==History==
The battalion was officially established on March 29, 2015, by the reformation of the 3rd Separate Field Communication Nodes into the 135th Separate Command and Control Battalion of the [[Ukrainian Air Assault Forces]].<ref name="khoda">{{cite web|url=https://khoda.gov.ua/ukraїncі-vіdznachajut-den-vdv-|website=khoda.gov.ua|title=Українці відзначають День ВДВ|access-date=2024-09-18}}</ref><ref name="довідка">{{cite web|url=https://dshv.mil.gov.ua/135-okremij-bataljon-upravlinnya/|title=135 окремий батальйон управління – Десантно-штурмові війська|website=dshv.mil.gov.ua|access-date=2024-09-18}}</ref> with its establishment process being completed on May 29, 2015.<ref name="довідка"/> It was deployed in July 2015 to take part in the [[War in Donbass]] on the territory of [[ATO zone]] to protect and safeguard the headquarters of other units and military installations.<ref name="довідка"/> Before the start of the full-scale [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the battalion's strength was 94 servicemen deployed throughout the front, moreover nine personnel were deployed for [[List of wars involving Ukraine#Peacekeeping missions|peacekeeping operations]] in [[Kosovo Force|Kosovo]], [[United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone]], [[United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq|Iraq]], and [[United Nations Mission in Liberia|Liberia]].<ref name="довідка"/>
In 2019, the battalion was recognized as the best unit of the [[Ukrainian Air Assault Forces]].<ref name="novynarnia">{{cite web|url=https://novynarnia.com/2019/12/17/u-desantno-shturmovih-viyskah-viznachili-naykrashhi-pidrozdili-2019-roku/|website=novynarnia.com|title=У Десантно-штурмових військах визначили найкращі підрозділи 2019 року|access-date=2024-09-18}}</ref><ref name="facebook">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/www.dshv.mil.gov.ua/posts/764308917384385/|website=facebook.com|title=Підведено підсумки діяльності Десантно-штурмових військ Збройних Сил України за 2019 рік|access-date=2024-09-18}}</ref>
==Structure==
* Automobile and Vehicle Company<ref name="zhitomir">{{cite web|url=https://www.zhitomir.info/news%20151395.html|website=zhitomir.info|title=У День захисника України в Житомирі військовослужбовцям вручили нагороди|access-date=2024-09-18}}</ref>
* Engineering Unit
* Sapper Platoon<ref name="polissya">{{cite web|url=https://polissya.today/article/viyskovoyu-sluzhboyu-za-kontraktom-cikavlyatsya-i-zhinky|title=Військовою службою за контрактом цікавляться і жінки {{pipe}} Житомирщина|website=polissya.today|access-date=2024-09-18}}</ref>
==Commanders==
* Lieutenant Colonel Vadym Kinzerskyi
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 2014]]
[[Category:Airborne units and formations of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Military units and formations of Ukraine in the war in Donbas]]
[[Category:Military units and formations of Ukraine in the Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
| 1,277,179,352
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[{"title": "135th Separate Headquarters Battalion", "data": {"Active": "2015-present", "Country": "Ukraine", "Branch": "Ukrainian Air Assault Forces", "Type": "Battalion", "Role": "Garrison Protection", "Size": "~100 personnel", "Part of": "Ukrainian Air Assault Forces", "Garrison/HQ": "Zhytomyr", "Motto(s)": "\"Mobility, protection, reliability\"", "Engagements": "Russo-Ukrainian War - War in Donbass - Russian Invasion of Ukraine Peacekeeping operations - Kosovo Force - UNSIM - UNAMI - UNAMIL"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Current \u00b7 commander": "Vadym Kinzerskyi"}}]
| false
|
# 1890 in Italy
Events from the year 1890 in Italy.
## Kingdom of Italy
- Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)
- Prime Minister – Francesco Crispi (1887–1891)
The total population of Italy in 1890 (within the current borders) was 31.611 million. Life expectancy in 1890 was 38.5 years.
## Events
The 1889 Italian Penal Code, commonly known as Zanardelli Code enters into force. It was named after Giuseppe Zanardelli, then Minister of Justice, who promoted the approval of the code. It unified penal legislation in Italy, abolished capital punishment and recognised the right to strike.
### January
- 1 January – The Kingdom of Italy establishes Italian Eritrea as its colony in the Horn of Africa.
### May
- 17 May – The opera Cavalleria Rusticana by Pietro Mascagni premiers at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome.
- 31 May – The Teatro Massimo Bellini opera house in Catania, Sicily, named after the local-born composer Vincenzo Bellini, is inaugurated with a performance of the composer's masterwork, Norma.
### June
- 27 June – In the First Battle of Agordat Italy defeats Mahdist Sudan.
### October
- October – Emperor Menelik II contests the Italian text of the 1889 Treaty of Wuchale, stating that it did not oblige Ethiopia to be an Italian protectorate. In 1893, Menelik would officially denounced the entire treaty. The attempt by the Italians to impose a protectorate over Ethiopia by force was finally confounded by their defeat at the Battle of Adwa in 1896, that ended the First Italo-Ethiopian War. An agreement after the battle cancelled the Wuchale Treaty and recognised Ethiopia's full sovereignty and independence, but the Italians were allowed to keep Italian Eritrea.
- 15 October – The Ab apostolici papal encyclical against Freemasonry in Italy is promulgated by Pope Leo XIII.
### November
- 15 November – The French, café-chantant inspired Salone Margherita is officially opened by the Marino brothers in Naples.[citation needed]
- 23 November – First round of the Italian general election.
- 30 November – Second round of the Italian general election. The "ministerial" left-wing bloc of the Historical Left led by Francesco Crispi emerged as the largest in Parliament, winning 401 of the 508 seats.
### December
- 9 December – The Finance Minister, Giovanni Giolitti, and the Minister of Public Works, Gaspare Finali, resign over a contrast on the Ministry of Public Works expenses.
## Births
- 10 January – Pina Menichelli, Italian silent film actress (d. 1984)
- 19 January – Ferruccio Parri, Italian partisan and Prime Minister (d. 1981)
- 11 February – Anton Giulio Bragaglia, pioneer in Futurist photography and Futurist cinema (d. 1960)
- 16 February – Francesco de Pinedo, Italian aviator (d. 1933)
- 20 March – Beniamino Gigli, Italian tenor (d. 1957)
- 11 April – Rachele Mussolini, Italian wife of Benito Mussolini (d. 1979)
- 23 June – Salvatore Papaccio, Italian tenor (d. 1977)
- 20 July – Giorgi Morandi, Italian modernist painter and printmaker (d.1964)
- 10 September – Elsa Schiaparelli, Italian fashion designer (d. 1973)
## Deaths
- 8 January – Giorgio Ronconi, operatic baritone (b. 1810)
- 10 April – Aurelio Saffi, politician, active during the period of Italian unification close to Giuseppe Mazzini (b. 1819)
- 17 August – Orazio Silvestri, geologist and volcanologist (b. 1835)
- 26 October – Carlo Collodi, Italian writer (The Adventures of Pinocchio) (b. 1826)
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in Italy|1890}}
Events from the year '''1890 in Italy'''.
==Kingdom of Italy==
*Monarch – [[Umberto I of Italy|Umberto I]] (1878–1900)
*[[Prime Minister of Italy|Prime Minister]] – [[Francesco Crispi]] (1887–1891)
The total population of Italy in 1890 (within the current borders) was 31.611 million.<ref>{{cite web |title=L'Italia in 150 anni. Sommario di statistiche storiche 1861–2010 |url=https://www.istat.it/it/files//2019/03/cap_2.pdf |publisher=[[Istat]] |access-date=17 May 2021}}</ref> [[Demographics_of_Italy#Life_expectancy|Life expectancy]] in 1890 was 38.5 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy?year=1810|title=Life expectancy|website=Our World in Data|access-date=28 August 2018}}</ref>
==Events==
[[File:Francisco Crispi - Diario Illustrado (8Nov1888).png|thumb|Prime minister Francesco Crispi]]
The 1889 Italian Penal Code, commonly known as [[Zanardelli Code]] enters into force. It was named after [[Giuseppe Zanardelli]], then [[Minister of Justice]], who promoted the approval of the code.<ref>Lacche, Luigi. "A Criminal Code for the Unification of Italy: the Zanardelli Code (1889) – The genesis, The debate, The legal project". ''Sequência''. 2014, n.68. pp. 37–57.</ref> It unified penal legislation in Italy, abolished capital punishment and recognised the right to strike.<ref>Seton-Watson, Christopher (1967). ''Italy from liberalism to fascism, 1870–1925''. Taylor & Francis., {{ISBN|0-416-18940-7}}.</ref>
=== January ===
* 1 January – The [[Kingdom of Italy]] establishes [[Italian Eritrea]] as its colony in the [[Horn of Africa]].
=== May ===
* 17 May – The opera [[Cavalleria rusticana|Cavalleria Rusticana]] by [[Pietro Mascagni]] premiers at the [[Teatro dell'Opera di Roma|Teatro Costanzi]] in [[Rome]].
* 31 May – The [[Teatro Massimo Bellini]] opera house in [[Catania]], [[Sicily]], named after the local-born composer [[Vincenzo Bellini]], is inaugurated with a performance of the composer's masterwork, ''[[Norma (opera)|Norma]]''.
=== June ===
* 27 June – In the [[First Battle of Agordat]] Italy defeats [[History of Mahdist Sudan|Mahdist Sudan]].
=== October ===
* October – Emperor [[Menelik II]] contests the Italian text of the 1889 [[Treaty of Wuchale]], stating that it did not oblige Ethiopia to be an Italian [[protectorate]]. In 1893, Menelik would officially denounced the entire treaty. The attempt by the Italians to impose a protectorate over Ethiopia by force was finally confounded by their defeat at the [[Battle of Adwa]] in 1896, that ended the [[First Italo-Ethiopian War]]. An agreement after the battle cancelled the Wuchale Treaty and recognised Ethiopia's full sovereignty and independence, but the Italians were allowed to keep [[Italian Eritrea]].
* 15 October – The [[Ab apostolici]] papal encyclical against [[Freemasonry]] in Italy is promulgated by [[Pope Leo XIII]].
=== November ===
* 15 November – The French, [[café-chantant]] inspired ''[[Salon Margherita|Salone Margherita]]'' is officially opened by the Marino brothers in Naples.{{cn|date=September 2021}}
* 23 November – First round of the [[Italian general election, 1890|Italian general election]].
* 30 November – Second round of the [[Italian general election, 1890|Italian general election]]. The "ministerial" left-wing bloc of the [[Historical Left]] led by [[Francesco Crispi]] emerged as the largest in Parliament, winning 401 of the 508 seats.
=== December ===
* 9 December – The Finance Minister, [[Giovanni Giolitti]], and the Minister of Public Works, [[Gaspare Finali]], resign over a contrast on the Ministry of Public Works expenses.
==Births==
* 10 January – [[Pina Menichelli]], Italian silent film actress (d. 1984)
* 19 January – [[Ferruccio Parri]], Italian partisan and Prime Minister (d. 1981)
* 11 February – [[Anton Giulio Bragaglia]], pioneer in [[Futurism|Futurist]] [[photography]] and [[Italian Futurism (cinema)|Futurist cinema]] (d. 1960)
* 16 February – [[Francesco de Pinedo]], Italian aviator (d. 1933)
* 20 March – [[Beniamino Gigli]], Italian tenor (d. 1957)
* 11 April – [[Rachele Mussolini]], Italian wife of [[Benito Mussolini]] (d. 1979)
* 23 June – [[Salvatore Papaccio]], Italian tenor (d. 1977)
* 20 July – [[Giorgio Morandi|Giorgi Morandi]], Italian modernist painter and printmaker (d.1964)
* 10 September – [[Elsa Schiaparelli]], Italian [[fashion designer]] (d. 1973)
==Deaths==
* 8 January – [[Giorgio Ronconi]], operatic baritone (b. 1810)
* 10 April – [[Aurelio Saffi]], politician, active during the period of [[Italian unification]] close to [[Giuseppe Mazzini]] (b. 1819)
* 17 August – [[Orazio Silvestri]], geologist and volcanologist (b. 1835)
* 26 October – [[Carlo Collodi]], Italian writer (''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio]]'') (b. 1826)
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Years in Italy}}
{{Year in Europe|1890}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1890 in Italy}}
[[Category:1890 in Italy| ]]
[[Category:1890 by country|Italy]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in Italy]]
| 1,249,908,189
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1889 - 1888 - 1887": "1890 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Italy \u00b7 \u2192 - 1891 - 1892 - 1893", "Decades": "1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s", "See also": "History of Italy Timeline of Italian history List of years in Italy"}}]
| false
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# 1709 in Canada
Events from the year 1709 in Canada.
## Incumbents
- French Monarch: Louis XIV[1]
- British and Irish Monarch: Anne[2]
### Governors
- Governor General of New France: Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil[3]
- Governor of Acadia: Daniel d'Auger de Subercase[4]
- Colonial Governor of Louisiana: Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville[5]
- Governor of Plaisance: Philippe Pastour de Costebelle
## Events
- In New France, slavery becomes legal.[6]
## Births
- September 7 (O.S. September 18 - Dr. Samuel Johnson born in Lichfield, Staffordshire. (died 1784)[7]
- September 26 - Jean-Louis Le Loutre, priest, Spiritan, and missionary (died 1772)
## Deaths
- August - Robert Giguère, pioneer in New France and founder of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré (born 1616)
- September 9 - Jean-Baptiste Legardeur de Repentigny (born 1632)
## Historical documents
Intendant's ordinance proclaims Panis and Blacks who have been purchased are property to be known as slaves (Note: "savages" used)
"Inhabitants remaining[...]are in a very bad condition" - Report to Queen Anne of aftermath of French attack on St. John's, Newfoundland
"Rotten and decay'd" - Indigenous spies sent by New York government report Canadian fortifications (except at Quebec City) are poor
"So great a plague to all Plantations in America" - New Englanders eager to attack Port Royal and its "nest of spoilers and robbers"
Inhabitants of Buoys Island (off Ferryland, Newfoundland) get evacuation offer but stay to meet possible third French attack
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{{Short description|none}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2021}}
{{Year in Canada|1709}}
{{History of Canada}}
Events from the year '''1709 in Canada'''.
==Incumbents==
*[[List of Canadian monarchs|French Monarch]]: [[Louis XIV]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715): An Overview {{!}} University of Kentucky College of Arts & Sciences |url=https://history.as.uky.edu/reign-louis-xiv-1643-1715-overview |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=history.as.uky.edu}}</ref>
*[[List of Canadian monarchs|British and Irish Monarch]]: [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Anne]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Emson |first=H. E. |date=1992 |title=For The Want Of An Heir: The Obstetrical History Of Queen Anne |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29715689 |journal=BMJ: British Medical Journal |volume=304 |issue=6838 |pages=1365–1366 |issn=0959-8138}}</ref>
===Governors===
*[[Governor General of the Province of Canada|Governor General of New France]]: [[Philippe de Rigaud Vaudreuil]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=BAnQ numérique |url=http://numerique.banq.qc.ca/ |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=numerique.banq.qc.ca |language=fr}}</ref>
*[[Governor of Acadia]]: [[Daniel d'Auger de Subercase]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography – PASTOUR DE COSTEBELLE, PHILIPPE – Volume II (1701-1740) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/pastour_de_costebelle_philippe_2E.html |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=www.biographi.ca}}</ref>
*[[List of colonial governors of Louisiana|Colonial Governor of Louisiana]]: [[Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville]]<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Government House Table of Contents |url=https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/politics/government-house-table-contents.php |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=www.heritage.nf.ca}}</ref>
*[[Colonial Governor of Newfoundland|Governor of Plaisance]]: [[Philippe Pastour de Costebelle]]
==Events==
* In [[New France]], [[slavery]] becomes legal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Torture and Truth: Angélique and the Burning of Montreal |url=https://www.canadianmysteries.ca/sites/angelique/archives/colonialcorrespondence/2295en.html |access-date=2023-02-08 |website=www.canadianmysteries.ca |language=en}}</ref>
==Births==
* September 7 <small>([[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]] September 18</small> - Dr. [[Samuel Johnson]] born in [[Lichfield]], [[Staffordshire]]. (died [[1784 in Canada|1784]])<ref>{{Cite book |last=Boswell |first=James |url=https://oxfordworldsclassics.com/display/10.1093/owc/9780199540211.001.0001/owc-9780199540211-chapter-1 |title=The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-195632-4 |language=en-US |doi=10.1093/owc/9780199540211.001.0001/owc-9780199540211-chapter-1;jsessionid=489f2be39b2acb7d68e87431087f312d}}</ref>
* September 26 - [[Jean-Louis Le Loutre]], priest, Spiritan, and missionary (died [[1772 in Canada|1772]])
==Deaths==
* August - [[Robert Giguère]], pioneer in New France and founder of [[Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, Quebec|Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré]] (born [[1616 in Quebec|1616]])
* September 9 - [[Jean-Baptiste Legardeur de Repentigny]] (born [[1632]])
==Historical documents==
[[Jacques Raudot|Intendant]]'s ordinance proclaims [[Panis (slaves of First Nation descent)|Panis]] and [[Slavery in New France#African slave trade in New France|Blacks]] who have been purchased are property to be known as slaves (Note: "savages" used)<ref>Jacques Raudot, [https://www.canadianmysteries.ca/sites/angelique/archives/colonialcorrespondence/2295en.html "Ordinance relative to slavery in Canada"] (translation; April 13, 1709), Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 19 July 2021</ref>
"Inhabitants remaining[...]are in a very bad condition" - Report to [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] of aftermath of [[Battle of St. John's|French attack on St. John's]], Newfoundland<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol25/pp34-54 "139 Council of Trade and Plantations to the Queen"] (February 23, 1710). Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 25, 1710-1711. Accessed 4 February 2021</ref>
"Rotten and decay'd" - Indigenous spies sent by New York government report Canadian [[fortifications]] (except at [[Ramparts of Quebec City|Quebec City]]) are poor<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol24/pp408-426 621iv a) and b); Reports of spies returned from Canada] (1709). Accessed 28 January 2021</ref>
"So great a plague to all Plantations in America" - New Englanders eager to attack [[Port-Royal (Acadia)|Port Royal]] and its "nest of spoilers and robbers"<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol24/pp482-503 794; Letter of Governor Dudley et al.] (Boston, October 24, 1709), Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 24, 1708-1709. Accessed 28 January 2021</ref>
Inhabitants of Buoys Island (off [[Ferryland]], Newfoundland) get evacuation offer but stay to meet possible third [[Avalon Peninsula Campaign|French attack]]<ref>Richard Amiss and 38 others, [https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/exploration/petition-richard-amiss-1709.php Petition to Governor Joseph Dudley of Massachusetts] (May 1709). Accessed 28 January 2021</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Canadian history}}
{{Canada early year nav}}
{{North America topic|1709 in}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1709 In Canada}}
[[Category:1700s in Canada]]
[[Category:1709 in New France]]
[[Category:1709 by country|Canada]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in Canada|09]]
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1708 - 1707 - 1706": "\u00b7 \u00b7 1709 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Canada \u00b7 \u2192 - 1710 - 1711 - 1712", "Decades": "1680s 1690s 1700s 1710s 1720s", "See also": "History of Canada Timeline of Canadian history List of years in Canada"}}]
| false
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# 1847 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1847.
## Events
### February events
- February 26 – The Somerville and Easton Railroad, a predecessor of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, is chartered.
### March events
- March 9 – The Richmond and Danville Railroad is chartered in Virginia.
- March 15 – The Amiens-Boulogne line in France opens between Abbeville and Étaples.
- March 16 – The Leeds and Bradford Extension Railway opens between Shipley and Keighley in West Yorkshire, England.[1]
- March – First ever 4-6-0 locomotive, the Chesapeake, completed by the Norris Locomotive Works for the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad.[2]
### April events
- April 19 – The Mohawk and Hudson Railroad, a predecessor of the New York Central Railroad, officially changes its name to Albany and Schenectady Railroad.
### May events
- May 24 – The Dee bridge disaster: a cast iron girder bridge across the river Dee at Chester, England, designed by Robert Stephenson for the Chester and Holyhead Railway, collapses under a Shrewsbury and Chester Railway train with five fatalities.[3]
- May 31 – The first railway connection between Rotterdam and The Hague opens in the Netherlands.[4]
### June events
- June – The first Bradshaws Continental Railway Guide timetable is published by George Bradshaw in England.
- June 26 – Opening of first railway wholly within modern-day Denmark, from Copenhagen to Roskilde.[5][page needed]
### July events
- July 9 – The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway is incorporated as an amalgamation of several important railway lines in Northern England.[6]
- July 28 – Bristol and Exeter Railway's Clevedon branch line opens.
### August events
- August 9 – Opening of first railway wholly within Switzerland, the Swiss Northern Railway from Zürich to Baden.[5][page needed]
### September events
- September 22 – The Railway Clearing House in Great Britain recommends that Greenwich Mean Time be adopted as the standard time for all railways in the United Kingdom.[7]
### October events
- October – Portland Company's locomotive erecting shops opened for business.[8]
### December events
- December 1
- The London and North Western Railway opens its Trent Valley Line to give a more direct route for the West Coast Main Line to North West England, bypassing Birmingham.[9]
- The first time zone in the world is established by British railways with GMT hand-carried on chronometers.
### Unknown date events
- John Urpeth Rastrick retires from Foster, Rastrick and Company, the English firm that built the first steam locomotives for the Delaware and Hudson Railroad.[10]
## Births
### October births
- October 6 – Webb C. Ball, watchmaker who introduced the first truly reliable and accurate timepieces on American railroads.
## Deaths
- November 16 – Thomas Kirtley, locomotive superintendent of North Midland Railway 1843–1844, and London, Brighton and South Coast Railway in 1847, dies (b. 1811).
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{{Short description|none}}
{{Year in rail transport|prev=1846|curr=1847|next=1848|decade=1840}}
==Events==
=== February events ===
* February 26 – The [[Somerville and Easton Railroad]], a predecessor of the [[Central Railroad of New Jersey]], is chartered.
===March events===
* March 9 – The [[Richmond and Danville Railroad]] is chartered in [[Virginia]].
* March 15 – The [[Amiens]]-[[Boulogne-sur-Mer|Boulogne]] line in [[France]] opens between [[Abbeville]] and [[Étaples]].
* March 16 – The [[Leeds and Bradford Extension Railway]] opens between [[Shipley railway station|Shipley]] and [[Keighley railway station|Keighley]] in [[West Yorkshire]], [[England]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Railways Through Airedale & Wharfedale|last=Bairstow|first=Martin|publisher=Martin Bairstow|location=Leeds|year=2004|isbn=978-1-871944-28-0}}</ref>
* March – First ever [[4-6-0]] locomotive, the ''Chesapeake'', completed by the [[Norris Locomotive Works]] for the [[Reading Railroad|Philadelphia and Reading Railroad]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Richard|last=Balkwill|author2=Marshall, John|author2-link=John Marshall (railway historian)|title=The Guinness Book of Railway Facts and Feats|edition=6th|location=Enfield|publisher=Guinness Publishing|year=1993|isbn=978-0-85112-707-1}}</ref>
=== April events ===
* April 19 – The [[Mohawk and Hudson Railroad]], a predecessor of the [[New York Central Railroad]], officially changes its name to [[Albany and Schenectady Railroad]].
=== May events ===
* May 24 – The [[Dee bridge disaster]]: a [[cast iron]] girder bridge across the [[River Dee, Wales|river Dee]] at [[Chester]], [[England]], designed by [[Robert Stephenson]] for the [[Chester and Holyhead Railway]], collapses under a [[Shrewsbury and Chester Railway]] train with five fatalities.<ref>{{cite book|author=Lewis, Peter R.|title=Disaster on the Dee: Robert Stephenson's Nemesis of 1847|publisher=Tempus Publishing|location=Stroud|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7524-4266-2}}</ref>
* May 31 – The first railway connection between [[Rotterdam]] and [[The Hague]] opens in the [[Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite web|author=BrainyMedia.com|year=2005|url=http://www.brainyhistory.com/events/1847/may_31_1847_52019.html|title=Rotterdam-Hague Railway opens|accessdate=2005-05-27}}</ref>
===June events===
* June – The first ''Bradshaws Continental Railway Guide'' [[Public transport timetable|timetable]] is published by [[George Bradshaw]] in [[England]].
* June 26 – Opening of first railway wholly within modern-day [[Denmark]], from [[Copenhagen]] to [[Roskilde]].<ref name="Marshall = Guinness">{{Marshall-GuinnessRail}}</ref>{{page needed|date=October 2016}}
===July events===
* July 9 – The [[Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway]] is incorporated as an amalgamation of several important railway lines in [[Northern England]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Marshall, John|title=The Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway, vol. 1|year=1969|publisher=David & Charles|location=Newton Abbot|isbn=978-0-7153-4352-4}}</ref>
* July 28 – [[Bristol and Exeter Railway]]'s [[Clevedon branch line]] opens.
===August events===
* August 9 – Opening of first railway wholly within [[Switzerland]], the [[Swiss Northern Railway]] from [[Zürich Hauptbahnhof|Zürich]] to [[Baden railway station|Baden]].<ref name="Marshall = Guinness"/>{{page needed|date=October 2016}}
===September events===
* September 22 – The [[Railway Clearing House]] in [[Great Britain]] recommends that [[Greenwich Mean Time]] be adopted as the standard time for all railways in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/d.html|title=Daylight Saving Time – Standard time began with the railroads|accessdate=2005-09-22| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20050915001624/http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/d.html| archivedate= 15 September 2005 | url-status= live}}</ref>
===October events===
* October – [[Portland Company]]'s locomotive erecting shops opened for business.<ref>{{cite book| title=The Grand Trunk in New England |author=Holt, Jeff |publisher=Railfare |year=1985 |isbn=0-919130-43-7 |page=124}}</ref>
===December events===
* December 1
** The [[London and North Western Railway]] opens its [[Trent Valley Line]] to give a more direct route for the [[West Coast Main Line]] to [[North West England]], bypassing [[Birmingham]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Clinker, C. R.|title=Railways of the West Midlands – a chronology, 1808–1954|publisher=Stephenson Locomotive Society|location=London}}</ref>
** The first [[time zone]] in the world is established by [[Great Britain|British]] railways with [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] hand-carried on [[Chronometer watch|chronometers]].
===Unknown date events===
* [[John Urpeth Rastrick]] retires from [[Foster, Rastrick and Company]], the [[England|English]] firm that built the first [[steam locomotive]]s for the [[Delaware and Hudson Railroad]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Bedwell, Carolyn|year=2002|url=http://www.kylenano.demon.co.uk/rastrick/jur-summary.htm|title=John Urpeth Rastrick|accessdate=2005-04-04 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050309145731/http://www.kylenano.demon.co.uk/rastrick/jur-summary.htm |archivedate = 2005-03-09}}</ref>
==Births==
===October births===
* October 6 – [[Webb C. Ball]], [[watchmaker]] who introduced the first truly reliable and accurate timepieces on [[United States|American]] railroads.
==Deaths==
* November 16 – [[Thomas Kirtley]], locomotive superintendent of [[North Midland Railway]] 1843–1844, and [[London, Brighton and South Coast Railway]] in 1847, dies (b. 1811).
==References==
{{Reflist}}
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[]
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# 1934 Dahomeyan Administrative Council election
Administrative Council elections were held in Dahomey in 1934.
## Electoral system
Three members of the Administrative Council were elected from single-member constituencies; Abomey, Ouidah and Porto-Novo. However, the franchise was extremely restricted.
## Campaign
The councillors supported by La Voix were challenged by an alliance of candidates created by Louis Hunkanrin after he returned from exile in Mauritania. The Hunkanrin group was supported by civil servants, farmers and workers, and allied itself with Augustin Nicoué, who had run against the La Voix group in the 1932 elections. During the campaign they accused the La Voix group of being capitalists and not socialists.
In the Abomey constituency incumbent councillor Augustinho Olympio opted to stand down rather than run for re-election.
## Results
The La Voix candidates were beaten in all three constituencies. Richard Johnson, who was elected in Abomey, was the brother of the defeated Pierre Johnson.
| Constituency | Elected candidate | Losing candidate(s) |
| ------------ | -------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Abomey | Richard Johnson | |
| Ouidah | Ambroise Dossou-Yovo | Pierre Johnson (La Voix) |
| Porto-Novo | Augustin Nicoué | Casimir d'Almeida (La Voix) |
## Aftermath
Following the elections, Casimir d'Almeida attempted to sue his opponents for defamation, but was not successful. However, the administration did successfully prosecute Pierre Johnson and Hunkanrin group associate Blaise Kuassi for the same offence, resulting in a prison sentence.
Soon after the elections Dosso-Yovo and Nicoué changed their stance to one supportive of the administration, with Richard Johnson the only councillor to remain critical of the establishment.
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Politics of Benin}}
Administrative Council elections were held in [[Benin|Dahomey]] in 1934.<ref name=PM>Patrick Manning (2004) ''Slavery, Colonialism and Economic Growth in Dahomey, 1640-1960'', [[Cambridge University Press]], p271</ref>
==Electoral system==
Three members of the Administrative Council were elected from single-member constituencies; [[Abomey]], [[Ouidah]] and [[Porto-Novo]]. However, the franchise was extremely restricted.
==Campaign==
The councillors supported by ''[[La Voix (Dahomey)|La Voix]]'' were challenged by an alliance of candidates created by [[Louis Hunkanrin]] after he returned from exile in [[Mauritania]]. The Hunkanrin group was supported by civil servants, farmers and workers, and allied itself with [[Augustin Nicoué]], who had run against the ''La Voix'' group in the [[1932 Dahomeyan Administrative Council election|1932 elections]]. During the campaign they accused the ''La Voix'' group of being capitalists and not socialists.<ref name=PM/>
In the Abomey constituency incumbent councillor [[Augustinho Olympio]] opted to stand down rather than run for re-election.<ref name=PM/>
==Results==
The ''La Voix'' candidates were beaten in all three constituencies. [[Richard Johnson (Dahomeyan politician)|Richard Johnson]], who was elected in Abomey, was the brother of the defeated [[Pierre Johnson]].<ref name=PM/>
{| class=wikitable
!Constituency
!Elected candidate
!Losing candidate(s)
|-
|Abomey||[[Richard Johnson (Dahomeyan politician)|Richard Johnson]]||
|-
|Ouidah||[[Ambroise Dossou-Yovo]]||[[Pierre Johnson]] (''La Voix'')
|-
|Porto-Novo||[[Augustin Nicoué]]||[[Casimir d'Almeida]] (''La Voix'')
|}
==Aftermath==
Following the elections, Casimir d'Almeida attempted to sue his opponents for defamation, but was not successful. However, the administration did successfully prosecute Pierre Johnson and Hunkanrin group associate Blaise Kuassi for the same offence, resulting in a prison sentence.<ref name=PM1>Manning, p272</ref>
Soon after the elections Dosso-Yovo and Nicoué changed their stance to one supportive of the administration,<ref name=PM/> with Richard Johnson the only councillor to remain critical of the establishment.<ref name=PM1/>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Beninese elections}}
[[Category:1934 elections in Africa|Dahomey]]
[[Category:Elections in Benin]]
[[Category:1934 in French Dahomey|Administrative]]
[[Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results]]
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# 1854 in architecture
The year 1854 in architecture involved some significant events and new buildings.
## Buildings and structures
### Buildings completed
- Pena National Palace in Sintra, Portugal, designed by Baron Wilhelm Ludwig von Eschwege.
- Church of St. Walburge, Preston, Lancashire, England, designed by Joseph Hansom (spire completed 1866).
- St George's Hall, Liverpool, England, completed by Charles Robert Cockerell to the design of Harvey Lonsdale Elmes.
- The Kościuszko Mound in Kraków, Poland, erected in commemoration of Tadeusz Kościuszko, a national hero in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and the United States.
- The Wellington Monument, overlooking Wellington, Somerset, England, erected to celebrate the Duke of Wellington's victory at the Battle of Waterloo, completed by Henry Goodridge to the design of Thomas Lee (1794–1834).
- The Semper Gallery in Dresden, Germany, designed by Gottfried Semper.
## Awards
- RIBA Royal Gold Medal – Philip Hardwick
- Grand Prix de Rome, architecture – Joseph Auguste Émile Vaudremer.
## Publications
- Eugène Viollet-le-Duc begins publication of Dictionnaire raisonné de l'architecture française du XIe au XVe siècle
## Births
- February 2 – Emily Elizabeth Holman, American architect (died 1925)
- April 18 – Ludwig Levy, German Jewish historicist architect (died 1907)
- July 31 – George Franklin Barber, American architect, best known for his residential designs sold by mail order[1] (died 1915)
- September 20 – Ruggero Berlam, Italian architect (died 1920)
- October 2 – Patrick Geddes, Scottish urban theorist (died 1932)
- November – Edward Hudson, English architectural publisher and patron (died 1936)
- November 22 – Frank Matcham, English theatre architect (died 1920)
## Deaths
- March 3 – James Blackburn, English-born civil engineer, surveyor and architect, best known for his work in Australia (born 1803; fatally injured in fall from horse)[2]
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1854|architecture}}
The year '''1854 in architecture''' involved some significant events and new buildings.
==Buildings and structures==
{{See also|Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1854}}
===Buildings completed===
[[File:St George's Hall, Liverpool (2007).jpg|thumb|[[St George's Hall, Liverpool]]]]
[[File:Krakow 2006 195.jpg| thumb |right|Kościuszko Mound]]
* [[Pena National Palace]] in [[Sintra]], Portugal, designed by Baron Wilhelm Ludwig von Eschwege.
* [[Church of St. Walburge, Preston]], Lancashire, England, designed by [[Joseph Hansom]] (spire completed 1866).
* [[St George's Hall, Liverpool]], England, completed by [[Charles Robert Cockerell]] to the design of [[Harvey Lonsdale Elmes]].
* The [[Kościuszko Mound]] in [[Kraków]], [[Poland]], erected in commemoration of [[Tadeusz Kościuszko]], a national hero in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and the United States.
* The [[Wellington Monument, Somerset|Wellington Monument]], overlooking [[Wellington, Somerset]], England, erected to celebrate the [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Duke of Wellington's]] victory at the [[Battle of Waterloo]], completed by [[Henry Goodridge]] to the design of [[Thomas Lee (1794–1834)]].
* The [[Semper Gallery]] in [[Dresden]], Germany, designed by [[Gottfried Semper]].
==Awards==
* [[Royal Institute of British Architects|RIBA]] [[Royal Gold Medal]] – [[Philip Hardwick]]
* [[Grand Prix de Rome]], architecture – [[Joseph Auguste Émile Vaudremer]].
==Publications==
* [[Eugène Viollet-le-Duc]] begins publication of ''[[:s:fr:Dictionnaire raisonné de l'architecture française du XIe au XVIe siècle|Dictionnaire raisonné de l'architecture française du XIe au XVe siècle]]''
==Births==
* [[February 2]] – [[Emily Elizabeth Holman]], [[Americans|American]] architect (died [[1925 in architecture|1925]])
* [[April 18]] – [[Ludwig Levy]], German Jewish historicist architect (died [[1907 in architecture|1907]])
* [[July 31]] – [[George Franklin Barber]], American architect, best known for his residential designs sold by mail order<ref>[http://cmdc.knoxlib.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/p15136coll3&CISOPTR=32&REC=9 Modern Artistic Cottages, or The Cottage Souvenir, Designed to Meet the Wants of Mechanics and Home Builders] (c. 1887–1888)</ref> (died [[1915 in architecture|1915]])
* [[September 20]] – [[Ruggero Berlam]], Italian architect (died [[1920 in architecture|1920]])
* [[October 2]] – [[Patrick Geddes]], Scottish urban theorist (died [[1932 in architecture|1932]])
* November – [[Edward Hudson (magazine owner)|Edward Hudson]], English architectural publisher and patron (died [[1936 in architecture|1936]])
* [[November 22]] – [[Frank Matcham]], English theatre architect (died [[1920 in architecture|1920]])
==Deaths==
* [[March 3]] – [[James Blackburn (architect)|James Blackburn]], English-born civil engineer, surveyor and architect, best known for his work in Australia (born [[1803 in architecture|1803]]; fatally injured in fall from horse)<ref>Harley Preston, 'Blackburn, James (1803–1854)', ''Australian Dictionary of Biography'', Volume 1, Melbourne University Press, 1966, pp 109-110. Hosted online at [http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A010103b.htm Blackburn, James (1803–1854)], by the ''Australian Dictionary of Biography Online''.</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1854 works|Architecture]]
[[Category:Years in architecture]]
[[Category:19th-century architecture]]
| 1,230,031,982
|
[]
| false
|
# 15th South Carolina Infantry Regiment
The 15th South Carolina Infantry was an infantry regiment that served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.
## History
### Initial battle
The 15th South Carolina's initial trial-by-fire occurred on Hilton Head Island during the Battle of Port Royal Sound on November 7, 1861.
### Transfer to Virginia
Following the Regiment's service on the coast of South Carolina, the unit was transferred to Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia (ANV) in July 1862. As part of Lee's Army, the 15th SC served in James Longstreet's corps in all of the ANV battles from Second Manassas onward, including Sharpsburg and South Mountain.
### Battles in Kershaw's brigade
In November 1862, the 15th South Carolina joined Brigadier General Joseph B. Kershaw’s famous South Carolina brigade where the regiment remained for the rest of the War. As part of Kershaw's brigade, the 15th SC fought in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. Following the battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, Kershaw's brigade were sent by General Lee, along with two divisions of Longstreet’s corps, to the Western Army where they fought in the battles of Chickamauga, Knoxville and Bean's Station.
### Return to the ANV
In April 1864, the 15th SC and the rest of Kershaw's brigade returned to Lee's Army of Northern Virginia command and fought in the battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbour and the siege of Petersburg. In August 1864, Lee ordered Kershaw's brigade to the Shenandoah Valley where the men fought in the battles at Charlestown, Strasburg's Hupp's Hill and Cedar Creek. In January 1865, General Lee ordered Kershaw's brigade to return to South Carolina to oppose Major General William Tecumseh Sherman’s army during his march through the Carolinas.
### Charleston and surrender
Following the evacuation of Charleston, where the 15th South Carolina was one of the last Confederate fighting units to leave the city, and the battles of Averasboro and Bentonville in North Carolina, the Regiment was surrendered, along with the remaining men of Kershaw's brigade, to General Sherman as part of General Joseph E. Johnston’s Army of Tennessee in Greensboro, North Carolina on April 26, 1865. Kershaw's brigade and the 15th South Carolina Infantry served as the last Confederate provost guard protecting food and ordnance stores in Greensboro before finally returning to their homes in South Carolina.
|
enwiki/12850296
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enwiki
| 12,850,296
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15th South Carolina Infantry Regiment
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_South_Carolina_Infantry_Regiment
|
2025-01-27T04:40:05Z
|
en
|
Q4551046
| 30,662
|
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 15th South Carolina Infantry Regiment
| image= Flag of South Carolina.svg
| image_size = 100
|caption= Flag of South Carolina
|dates= 1861 to April 26, 1865
|country= {{flag|Confederate States of America}}
|allegiance= {{flag|South Carolina}}
|branch= {{army|CSA}}
|type=[[Infantry]]
|equipment=
<!-- Culture and history -->
|battles=[[Battle of Port Royal|Port Royal]]<BR>[[Battle of Antietam|Sharpsburg]]<BR>[[Battle of South Mountain|South Mountain]]<BR>[[Battle of Fredericksburg|Fredericksburg]]<BR>[[Battle of Chancellorsville|Chancellorsville]]<BR>[[Battle of Gettysburg|Gettysburg]]<BR>[[Battle of Bean's Station|Bean's Station]]<BR>[[Battle of Chickamauga|Chickamauga]]<BR>[[Knoxville Campaign|Knoxville]]<BR>[[Battle of the Wilderness|The Wilderness]]<BR>[[Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse|Spotsylvania Courthouse]]<BR>[[Battle of North Anna|North Anna]]<BR>[[Battle of Cold Harbor|Cold Harbour]]<BR>[[Siege of Petersburg]]<BR>[[Battle of Hupp's Hill|Hupp's Hill]]<BR>[[Battle of Cedar Creek|Cedar Creek]]<BR>[[Battle of Averasborough|Averasboro]]<BR>[[Battle of Bentonville|Bentonville]]
}}
The '''15th South Carolina Infantry''' was an [[infantry]] [[regiment]] that served in the [[Confederate States Army]] during the [[American Civil War]].
==History==
===Initial battle===
The 15th South Carolina's initial trial-by-fire occurred on [[Hilton Head Island]] during the [[Battle of Port Royal|Battle of Port Royal Sound]] on November 7, 1861.
===Transfer to Virginia===
Following the Regiment's service on the coast of South Carolina, the unit was transferred to [[Robert E. Lee]]’s [[Army of Northern Virginia]] (ANV) in July 1862. As part of Lee's Army, the 15th SC served in James Longstreet's corps in all of the ANV battles from [[Second Battle of Bull Run|Second Manassas]] onward, including [[Battle of Antietam|Sharpsburg]] and [[Battle of South Mountain|South Mountain]].
===Battles in Kershaw's brigade===
In November 1862, the 15th South Carolina joined Brigadier General [[Joseph B. Kershaw]]’s famous South Carolina brigade where the regiment remained for the rest of the War. As part of Kershaw's brigade, the 15th SC fought in the battles of [[Battle of Fredericksburg|Fredericksburg]], [[Battle of Chancellorsville|Chancellorsville]] and [[Battle of Gettysburg|Gettysburg]]. Following the battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, Kershaw's brigade were sent by General Lee, along with two divisions of [[James Longstreet|Longstreet]]’s corps, to the Western Army where they fought in the battles of [[Battle of Chickamauga|Chickamauga]], [[Knoxville Campaign|Knoxville]] and [[Battle of Bean's Station|Bean's Station]].
===Return to the ANV===
In April 1864, the 15th SC and the rest of Kershaw's brigade returned to Lee's Army of Northern Virginia command and fought in the battles of the [[Battle of the Wilderness|Wilderness]], [[Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse|Spotsylvania]], [[Battle of North Anna|North Anna]], [[Battle of Cold Harbor|Cold Harbour]] and the [[siege of Petersburg]]. In August 1864, Lee ordered Kershaw's brigade to the [[Shenandoah Valley]] where the men fought in the battles at Charlestown, Strasburg's Hupp's Hill and [[Battle of Cedar Creek|Cedar Creek]]. In January 1865, General Lee ordered Kershaw's brigade to return to South Carolina to oppose Major General [[William Tecumseh Sherman]]’s army during his march through the Carolinas.
===Charleston and surrender===
Following the evacuation of Charleston, where the 15th South Carolina was one of the last Confederate fighting units to leave the city, and the battles of [[Battle of Averasborough|Averasboro]] and [[Battle of Bentonville|Bentonville]] in North Carolina, the Regiment was surrendered, along with the remaining men of Kershaw's brigade, to General Sherman as part of General [[Joseph E. Johnston]]’s [[Army of Tennessee]] in [[Greensboro, North Carolina]] on April 26, 1865. Kershaw's brigade and the 15th South Carolina Infantry served as the last Confederate provost guard protecting food and ordnance stores in Greensboro before finally returning to their homes in South Carolina.
==See also==
*[[List of South Carolina Confederate Civil War units]]
==References==
{{No footnotes|date=April 2009}}
* Dickert, D. Augustus. ''Kershaw's Brigade''. 1899, reprinted by Broadfoot Press, Wilmington, NC
* Clary, James B. ''A History of the 15th South Carolina Infantry: 1861-1865''. 2007, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, SC.
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Units and formations of the Confederate States Army from South Carolina]]
[[Category:1861 establishments in South Carolina]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1861]]
| 1,272,102,997
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[{"title": "15th South Carolina Infantry Regiment", "data": {"Active": "1861 to April 26, 1865", "Country": "Confederate States of America", "Allegiance": "South Carolina", "Branch": "Confederate States Army", "Type": "Infantry", "Engagements": "Port Royal \u00b7 Sharpsburg \u00b7 South Mountain \u00b7 Fredericksburg \u00b7 Chancellorsville \u00b7 Gettysburg \u00b7 Bean's Station \u00b7 Chickamauga \u00b7 Knoxville \u00b7 The Wilderness \u00b7 Spotsylvania Courthouse \u00b7 North Anna \u00b7 Cold Harbour \u00b7 Siege of Petersburg \u00b7 Hupp's Hill \u00b7 Cedar Creek \u00b7 Averasboro \u00b7 Bentonville"}}]
| false
|
# 1926 Saxony state election
The 1926 Saxony state election was held on 31 October 1926 to elect the 96 members of the Landtag of Saxony.
## Results
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| -------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | --------- | ------ | ----- | --- |
| | Social Democratic Party of Germany | 758,005 | 32.14 | 31 | –9 |
| | Communist Party of Germany | 342,382 | 14.52 | 14 | +4 |
| | German National People's Party | 341,153 | 14.47 | 14 | +1 |
| | German People's Party | 292,085 | 12.39 | 12 | –7 |
| | Reich Party of the German Middle Class | 237,626 | 10.08 | 10 | +10 |
| | German Democratic Party | 111,467 | 4.73 | 5 | –3 |
| | Reich Party for Civil Rights and Deflation | 98,479 | 4.18 | 4 | New |
| | Old Social Democratic Party of Germany | 97,885 | 4.15 | 4 | New |
| | National Socialist Freedom Movement | 37,725 | 1.60 | 2 | New |
| | Centre Party | 24,089 | 1.02 | 0 | 0 |
| | Völkisch Social Working Community | 10,356 | 0.44 | 0 | New |
| | Reich Association of House and Land Owner Societies | 7,011 | 0.30 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 2,358,263 | 100.00 | 96 | 0 |
| | | | | | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 2,358,263 | 98.98 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 24,191 | 1.02 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 2,382,454 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 3,353,079 | 71.05 | | |
| Source: Elections in the Weimar Republic, Elections in Germany | | | | | |
|
enwiki/67695631
|
enwiki
| 67,695,631
|
1926 Saxony state election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926_Saxony_state_election
|
2022-02-13T18:53:30Z
|
en
|
Q107070852
| 34,812
|
{{Short description|German state election}}
The '''1926 Saxony state election''' was held on 31 October 1926 to elect the 96 members of the [[Landtag of Saxony]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Gonschior|first=Andreas|title=Der Freistaat Sachsen Landtagswahl 1926|url=http://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Sachsen/LT3.html|url-status=live|access-date=18 May 2021|website=Wahlen in der Weimarer Republik|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010514151755/http://www.gonschior.de:80/weimar/Sachsen/LT3.html |archive-date=2001-05-14 }}</ref>
== Results ==
{{Election results
|party1=[[Social Democratic Party of Germany]]|votes1=758005|seats1=31|sc1=–9
|party2=[[Communist Party of Germany]]|votes2=342382|seats2=14|sc2=+4
|party3=[[German National People's Party]]|votes3=341153|seats3=14|sc3=+1
|party4=[[German People's Party]]|votes4=292085|seats4=12|sc4=–7
|party5=[[Reich Party of the German Middle Class]]|votes5=237626|seats5=10|sc5=+10
|party6=[[German Democratic Party]]|votes6=111467|seats6=5|sc6=–3
|party7=[[Reich Party for Civil Rights and Deflation]]|votes7=98479|seats7=4|sc7=New
|party9=[[Old Social Democratic Party of Germany]]|votes9=97885|seats9=4|sc9=New
|party10=[[National Socialist Freedom Movement]]|votes10=37725|seats10=2|sc10=New
|party11=[[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre Party]]|votes11=24089|seats11=0|sc11=0
|party12=Völkisch Social Working Community|votes12=10356|seats12=0|sc12=New
|party13=Reich Association of House and Land Owner Societies|votes13=7011|seats13=0|sc13=New
|invalid=24191
|total_sc=0
|electorate=3353079
|source=Elections in the Weimar Republic,<ref name=":0" /> Elections in Germany<ref>{{Cite web|last=Schröder|first=Valentin|title=Landtagswahlen Freistaat Sachsen|url=https://www.wahlen-in-deutschland.de/wlSachsen.htm|url-status=live|access-date=18 May 2021|website=Wahlen in Deutschland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050225071452/http://www.wahlen-in-deutschland.de:80/wlSachsen.htm |archive-date=2005-02-25 }}</ref>
}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Saxony state elections}}
[[Category:1926 elections in Germany|Saxony]]
[[Category:Elections in Saxony]]
| 1,071,665,060
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[]
| false
|
# 1896 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1896 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1896. Republican nominee Lorrin A. Cooke defeated Democratic nominee Joseph B. Sargent with 62.53% of the vote.
## General election
### Candidates
Major party candidates
- Lorrin A. Cooke, Republican
- Joseph B. Sargent, Democratic
Other candidates
- Lewis Sperry, National Democratic
- Edward Manchester, Prohibition
- John A. Norton, Socialist Labor
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | ------------------- | ----------------- | ------- | ------ | -- |
| | Republican | Lorrin A. Cooke | 108,807 | 62.53% | |
| | Democratic | Joseph B. Sargent | 56,524 | 32.48% | |
| | National Democratic | Lewis Sperry | 5,579 | 3.21% | |
| | Prohibition | Edward Manchester | 1,846 | 1.06% | |
| | Socialist Labor | John A. Norton | 1,254 | 0.72% | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 52,283 | | |
| Turnout | | | | | |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Swing | | |
|
enwiki/64432977
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enwiki
| 64,432,977
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1896 Connecticut gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-23T10:08:49Z
|
en
|
Q97185827
| 276,876
|
{{Short description|none}}
{{for|related races|1896 United States gubernatorial elections}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1896 Connecticut gubernatorial election
| country = Connecticut
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1894 Connecticut gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1894
| next_election = 1898 Connecticut gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1898
| election_date = November 3, 1896
| image1 = Lorrin A. Cooke (3x4a).jpg
| nominee1 = '''[[Lorrin A. Cooke]]'''
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''108,807'''
| percentage1 = '''62.53%'''
| image2 = 3x4.svg
| nominee2 = [[Joseph B. Sargent]]
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 56,524
| percentage2 = 32.48%
| map = {{switcher|[[file:1896 Connecticut gubernatorial election results map by county.svg|220px]]
|County results
|[[file:1896 Connecticut gubernatorial election results map by municipality.svg|220px]]
|Municipality results}}
| map_caption = '''Cooke''': {{legend0|#FFB2B2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#E27F7F|50–60%}} {{legend0|#D75D5D|60–70%}} {{legend0|#D72F30|70–80%}} {{legend0|#c21b18|80–90%}} <br/>'''Sargent''': {{legend0|#7996E2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674DE|60–70%}}
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Owen Vincent Coffin]]
| before_party = Republican Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Lorrin A. Cooke]]
| after_party = Republican Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsCT}}
The '''1896 Connecticut gubernatorial election''' was held on November 3, 1896. [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee [[Lorrin A. Cooke]] defeated [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee [[Joseph B. Sargent]] with 62.53% of the vote.
==General election==
===Candidates===
'''Major party candidates'''
*Lorrin A. Cooke, Republican
*Joseph B. Sargent, Democratic
'''Other candidates'''
*Lewis Sperry, National Democratic
*Edward Manchester, Prohibition
*John A. Norton, Socialist Labor
===Results===
{{Election box begin | title=1896 Connecticut gubernatorial election<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CZECwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1685 |title=Guide to U.S. Elections |date= 24 December 2015|isbn=9781483380353 |access-date=2020-06-29|last1=Kalb |first1=Deborah }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Lorrin A. Cooke]]
| votes = 108,807
| percentage = 62.53%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Joseph B. Sargent]]
| votes = 56,524
| percentage = 32.48%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = National Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Lewis Sperry]]
| votes = 5,579
| percentage = 3.21%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = Edward Manchester
| votes = 1,846
| percentage = 1.06%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Socialist Labor Party of America
| candidate = John A. Norton
| votes = 1,254
| percentage = 0.72%
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 52,283
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes =
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Republican Party (United States)
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{1896 United States elections}}
{{Connecticut elections}}
[[Category:Connecticut gubernatorial elections|1896]]
[[Category:1896 United States gubernatorial elections|Connecticut]]
[[Category:1896 Connecticut elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:November 1896]]
| 1,271,285,269
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[{"title": "1896 Connecticut gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1894": "November 3, 1896 \u00b7 1898 \u2192", "Nominee": "Lorrin A. Cooke \u00b7 Joseph B. Sargent", "Party": "Republican \u00b7 Democratic", "Popular vote": "108,807 \u00b7 56,524", "Percentage": "62.53% \u00b7 32.48%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Owen Vincent Coffin \u00b7 Republican": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Lorrin A. Cooke \u00b7 Republican"}}]
| false
|
# 1780 in Ireland
Events from the year 1780 in Ireland.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: George III
## Events
- August – passenger boat service begins on Grand Canal between Dublin and Sallins.[1]
- Sacramental Test abolished.[2]
- Henry Grattan demands parliamentary independence.[2]
- Lady Berry, sentenced to death for the murder of her son, is released when she agrees to become an executioner (retires 1810).
- The model cotton manufacturing town of Prosperous, County Kildare, developed by Robert Brooke (East India Company officer), begins to function.
- The whiskey company John Jameson is established.
## Births
- January – William Henry Fitton, geologist (died 1861).
- 12 March – David Barry, military surgeon and physiologist (died 1835).
- 20 March – Myles Byrne, a leader of the Irish Rebellion of 1798 and soldier in the service of France (died 1862).
- 13 April – Alexander Mitchell, engineer and inventor of the screw-pile lighthouse (died 1868).
- May – Amhlaoibh Ó Súilleabháin, author, teacher, draper and politician (died 1838).
- 17 August – George Croly, poet, novelist, historian and divine (died 1860).
- 1 December – Edward Bowen, lawyer and politician in Lower Canada (died 1866).
- 20 December – John Wilson Croker, statesman and author (died 1857).
- Full date unknown
- Michael John Brenan, priest and ecclesiastical historian (died 1847).
- Thady Connellan, schoolteacher and writer (died 1854).
- Anne Devlin, republican and housekeeper to Robert Emmet (died 1851).
## Deaths
- 2 February – Thomas Waite, civil servant (born 1718).
- 3 June – Henry Denny Denson, soldier and politician in Nova Scotia (born c.1715).
- 25 August – William Bowles, naturalist (born 1705).
- October (drowned at sea) – Robert Boyle-Walsingham, British Royal Navy officer and politician (born 1736).
- 19 November – Jocelyn Deane, politician (born 1749).
|
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1780 in Ireland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1780_in_Ireland
|
2024-09-24T02:10:50Z
|
en
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Q4553206
| 140,624
|
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{YearInIrelandNav | 1780 }}
Events from the year '''1780 in Ireland'''.
==Incumbent==
*[[Irish monarch|Monarch]]: [[George III]]
==Events==
*August – passenger boat service begins on [[Grand Canal (Ireland)|Grand Canal]] between [[Dublin]] and [[Sallins]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Ruth|last=Delany|title=A celebration of 250 years of Ireland's Inland Waterways|location=Belfast|publisher=Appletree Press|year=1988|isbn=0-86281-200-3|page=80}}</ref>
*Sacramental Test abolished.<ref name="TM">{{cite book|editor1=Moody, T. W. |editor2=Martin, F. X. |year=1967|title=The Course of Irish History|publisher=Mercier Press|location=Cork|page=373}}</ref>
*[[Henry Grattan]] demands parliamentary independence.<ref name="TM"/>
*Lady Berry, sentenced to death for the murder of her son, is released when she agrees to become an [[executioner]] (retires 1810).
*The model cotton manufacturing town of [[Prosperous, County Kildare]], developed by [[Robert Brooke (East India Company officer)]], begins to function.
*The whiskey company [[John Jameson (distiller)|John Jameson]] is established.
==Births==
*January – [[William Henry Fitton]], geologist (died [[1861 in Ireland|1861]]).
*12 March – [[David Barry (physician)|David Barry]], [[military surgeon]] and [[physiologist]] (died [[1835 in the United Kingdom|1835]]).
*20 March – [[Myles Byrne]], a leader of the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798]] and soldier in the service of France (died [[1862 in France|1862]]).
*13 April – [[Alexander Mitchell (engineer)|Alexander Mitchell]], engineer and [[inventor]] of the [[screw-pile lighthouse]] (died [[1868 in Ireland|1868]]).
*May – [[Amhlaoibh Ó Súilleabháin]], author, teacher, draper and politician (died [[1838 in Ireland|1838]]).
*17 August – [[George Croly]], poet, novelist, historian and divine (died [[1860 in Ireland|1860]]).
*1 December – [[Edward Bowen (politician)|Edward Bowen]], lawyer and politician in [[Lower Canada]] (died [[1866 in Canada|1866]]).
*20 December – [[John Wilson Croker]], statesman and author (died [[1857 in Ireland|1857]]).
*;Full date unknown<!--This is a description list; please see [[Help:List]] before changing-->
*:*[[Michael John Brenan]], priest and ecclesiastical historian (died [[1847 in Ireland|1847]]).
*:*[[Thady Connellan]], schoolteacher and writer (died [[1854 in Ireland|1854]]).
*:*[[Anne Devlin]], [[Irish republicanism|republican]] and housekeeper to [[Robert Emmet]] (died [[1851 in Ireland|1851]]).
==Deaths==
*2 February – [[Thomas Waite (civil servant)|Thomas Waite]], civil servant (born [[1718 in Ireland|1718]]).
*3 June – [[Henry Denny Denson]], soldier and politician in [[Nova Scotia]] (born c.1715).
*25 August – [[William Bowles (naturalist)|William Bowles]], [[naturalist]] (born [[1705 in Ireland|1705]]).
*October (drowned at sea) – [[Robert Boyle-Walsingham]], British [[Royal Navy]] officer and politician (born [[1736 in Ireland|1736]]).
*19 November – [[Jocelyn Deane]], politician (born [[1749 in Ireland|1749]]).
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Years in Ireland}}
{{Year in Europe|1780}}
[[Category:1780 in Ireland| ]]
[[Category:1780s in Ireland]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in Ireland]]
[[Category:1780 by country|Ireland]]
| 1,247,385,457
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1779 - 1778 - 1777 - 1776 - 1775": "1780 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Ireland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1781 - 1782 - 1783 - 1784 - 1785", "Centuries": "16th 17th 18th 19th 20th", "Decades": "1760s 1770s 1780s 1790s 1800s", "See also": "Other events of 1780 \u00b7 List of years in Ireland"}}]
| false
|
# (Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways
"(Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways" is a song recorded by British singer-songwriter Julia Fordham. Fordham was invited to record "Mysterious Ways" for the movie The Butcher's Wife, starring Demi Moore and Jeff Daniels, in late 1991. Fordham had then just released her third album Swept, at least in the UK and Japan, but the release of the album was quickly put on hold so that "Mysterious Ways" could be added to the track list. The rejigged album was released in the US in late October 1991, coinciding with the US release of the movie, and internationally. The album was also reissued in the UK, with "Mysterious Ways" - but not in Japan. There, "Mysterious Ways" was released as a 7-track EP. The EP includes the exclusive track "Melt", which Fordham had recorded for the Japanese movie The Flying Pennta in 1991.
The song became a popular pop-standard in the Philippines when it was reintroduced by Filipino singer Nina in 2005.
## Background
"(Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways" was first offered to Linda Ronstadt, but she turned down the song. It was then introduced to Fordham.
## Performances
In 2014, Fordham performed "(Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways" live in her two Valentine concerts entitled "Love Moves..." in the Philippines.
## Track listing
7" single
1. "(Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways"
2. "Happy Ever After"
CD single
1. "(Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways"
2. "Happy Ever After"
3. "Manhattan Skyline"
4. "One of the Boys"
Japan CD EP
1. "(Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways"
2. "The Naked Truth"
3. "Manhattan Skyline"
4. "Loving You"
5. "One of the Boys"
6. "Melt"
7. "Happy Ever After"
## Chart performance
| Chart (1992) | Peak position |
| ---------------- | ------------- |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 19 |
## Nina version
"Love Moves in Mysterious Ways" is the first single from Filipino singer Nina's third album Nina Live!. It was released in February 2005 by Warner Music, along with the live album. The song was part of the Nina Live! recording session on 30 January 2005 at the PHI Resto and Bar, Metrowalk in Pasig. The song is considered to be one of the main reasons why Nina Live! became a success, which was certified Diamond by the Philippine Association of the Record Industry.
Internationally, the song was released as a digital download through Rhino Records.
### Music video
The music video for "Love Moves in Mysterious Ways" was recorded during the Nina Live! recording sessions, which was directed by Marla Ancheta. No studio version was recorded for release. The video features Nina performing live with The Essence band. Fans and audience surround her, while she sings the song to them.
The video premiered on myx in February 2005.
### Release history
| Date released | Country | Format |
| ------------- | ----------- | ---------------- |
| February 2005 | Philippines | Radio airplay |
| 2005 | Worldwide | Digital download |
## Other versions
- The song was covered by Taiwanese singer Winnie Hsin as "叛逃的愛麗絲" (Pàntáo de àilì sī) on her Mandarin album 花時間 (Huā shíjiān) in 1992.
- The song was released by Michael English on his album Hope in 1993.
- The song was also covered by Filipino band MYMP for their 2005 album Versions.
- Christian Bautista also covered the song for Kris Aquino's album My Hearts Journey in 2011.
|
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enwiki
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(Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(Love_Moves_in)_Mysterious_Ways
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Q4544822
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{{Short description|1992 single by Julia Fordham}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox song
| name = (Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways
| cover = Julia Fordham - Love Moves in Mysterious Ways (Single cover).jpg
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[Julia Fordham]]
| album = [[Swept (album)|Swept]]
| B-side = {{unbulleted list|"[[Happy Ever After (Julia Fordham song)|Happy Ever After]]"|"Manhattan Skyline"|"One of the Boys"}}
| released = {{start date|1992|1|6|df=y}}<ref>{{cite magazine|title=New Releases: Singles|magazine=[[Music Week]]|page=5|date=4 January 1992}}</ref>
| recorded = 1991
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = [[Pop music|Pop]]
| length = 4:34
| label = [[Virgin Records|Virgin]]
| writer = {{hlist|[[Tom Snow (songwriter)|Tom Snow]]|[[Dean Pitchford]]}}
| producer = [[Peter Asher]]
| prev_title = I Thought It Was You
| prev_year = 1991
| next_title = Different Time Different Place
| next_year = 1994
}}
"'''(Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways'''" is a song recorded by British singer-songwriter [[Julia Fordham]]. Fordham was invited to record "Mysterious Ways" for the movie ''[[The Butcher's Wife]]'', starring [[Demi Moore]] and [[Jeff Daniels]],<ref>{{cite web|title=The Butcher's Wife (1991)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0101523/soundtrack|publisher=IMDb|accessdate=25 January 2018}}</ref> in late 1991. Fordham had then just released her third album ''[[Swept (album)|Swept]]'', at least in the UK and Japan, but the release of the album was quickly put on hold so that "Mysterious Ways" could be added to the track list. The rejigged album was released in the US in late October 1991, coinciding with the US release of the movie, and internationally. The album was also reissued in the UK, with "Mysterious Ways" - but not in Japan. There, "Mysterious Ways" was released as a 7-track EP. The EP includes the exclusive track "Melt", which Fordham had recorded for the Japanese movie ''The Flying Pennta'' in 1991.<ref>''Swept (Deluxe Edition)'' reissue. Liner notes. May 2013.</ref>
The song became a popular pop-standard in the [[Philippines]] when it was reintroduced by [[Filipino people|Filipino]] singer [[Nina Girado|Nina]] in 2005.<ref name="ph.celebrity.yahoo.com"/>
==Background==
"(Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways" was first offered to [[Linda Ronstadt]], but she turned down the song. It was then introduced to Fordham.<ref name="ph.celebrity.yahoo.com">{{cite web|url=http://ph.celebrity.yahoo.com/news/what-filipinos-should-know-about-julia-fordham-120328165.html|title=Celebrity – Yahoo Lifestyle Singapore|publisher=Yahoo!|accessdate=25 January 2018}}</ref>
==Performances==
In 2014, Fordham performed "(Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways" live in her two Valentine concerts entitled "Love Moves..." in the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/julia-fordham-in-two-valentine-concerts/|title=Julia Fordham in two Valentine concerts – mb.com.ph – Philippine News|accessdate=25 January 2018}}</ref>
==Track listing==
;7" single<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Julia Fordham – (Love Moves In) Mysterious Ways|url=https://www.discogs.com/master/200870|url-status=live|access-date=1 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109112459/http://www.discogs.com/master/200870 |archive-date=9 January 2016 }}</ref>
# "(Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways"
# "[[Happy Ever After (Julia Fordham song)|Happy Ever After]]"
;<br />CD single<ref>{{cite web|title=Love Moves in Mysterious Ways – Single|url=http://eil.com/shop/moreinfo.asp?catalogid=36352|accessdate=12 July 2014}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Julia Fordham – (Love Moves In) Mysterious Ways|url=https://www.discogs.com/master/200870|url-status=live|access-date=1 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109112459/http://www.discogs.com/master/200870 |archive-date=9 January 2016 }}</ref>
# "(Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways"
# "[[Happy Ever After (Julia Fordham song)|Happy Ever After]]"
# "Manhattan Skyline"
# "One of the Boys"
;<br />Japan CD EP<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Julia Fordham – (Love Moves In) Mysterious Ways|url=https://www.discogs.com/master/200870|url-status=live|access-date=1 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109112459/http://www.discogs.com/master/200870 |archive-date=9 January 2016 }}</ref>
# "(Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways"
#"The Naked Truth"
#"Manhattan Skyline"
#"Loving You"
#"One of the Boys"
#"Melt"
# "[[Happy Ever After (Julia Fordham song)|Happy Ever After]]"
==Chart performance==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Chart (1992)
! Peak<br />position
|-
{{singlechart|UK|19|date=19910118|artist=Julia Fordham|song=(Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways}}
|-
|}
==Nina version==
{{Infobox song
| name = Love Moves in Mysterious Ways
| cover = Nina - Love Moves.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Digital download cover
| type = single
| artist = [[Nina Girado|Nina]]
| album = [[Nina Live!]]
| released = February 2005
| recorded = 30 January 2005
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = Pop, [[Acoustic music|acoustic]]
| length = 4:27
| label = [[Rhino Entertainment|Rhino]], [[Warner Music Philippines|Warner]]
| writer = [[Tom Snow (songwriter)|Tom Snow]], [[Dean Pitchford]]
| producer = Neil Gregorio
| prev_title = [[The Christmas Song]]
| prev_year = 2004
| next_title = [[Through the Fire (Chaka Khan song)|Through the Fire]]
| next_year = 2005
| misc =
}}
"'''Love Moves in Mysterious Ways'''" is the first single from [[Filipino people|Filipino]] singer [[Nina Girado|Nina]]'s third album ''[[Nina Live!]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/live/211114771|title=Nina Live! on iTunes|publisher=[[iTunes Store]]}} Retrieved 27 October 2010</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001QBANUO|title=Nina Live! on Amazon.com MP3 Download}} Retrieved 27 October 2010</ref> It was released in February 2005 by [[Warner Music Philippines|Warner Music]], along with the live album. The song was part of the ''Nina Live!'' recording session on 30 January 2005 at the PHI Resto and Bar, [[Metrowalk]] in [[Pasig]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titikpilipino.com/news/?aid=463 |title=Nina: Live and Loud & Multi-Platinum Female Artist |publisher=Titik Pilipino |author=[[Warner Music Philippines|Warner Music]] |date=10 May 2005 |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131194356/http://www.titikpilipino.com/news/?aid=463 |archivedate=31 January 2010 |df= }} Retrieved 201-10-27</ref> The song is considered to be one of the main reasons why ''Nina Live!'' became a success, which was certified Diamond by the [[Philippine Association of the Record Industry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bworldonline.com/weekender/content.php?id=7246|title=Nina turns diamond|publisher=Business World Online|date=4 March 2010|access-date=27 October 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120728110408/http://www.bworldonline.com/weekender/content.php?id=7246|archive-date=28 July 2012|url-status=dead}} Retrieved 27 October 2010</ref>
Internationally, the song was released as a digital download through [[Rhino Entertainment|Rhino Records]].<ref name=lovemovesdownload>{{cite web|url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/nina/tracks/love-moves-in-mysterious-ways--22047933|title=Love Moves in Mysterious Ways by Nina|publisher=[[Yahoo! Music]]|author=[[Rhino Entertainment]]}} Retrieved 27 October 2010</ref>
===Music video===
<!-- Commented out: [[File:Nina - Love Moves MV.jpg|thumb|left|Nina performing the song live on the ''Nina Live!'' recording sessions.{{deletable file-caption|Saturday, 13 April 2024|PROD}}]] -->
The music video for "Love Moves in Mysterious Ways" was recorded during the ''Nina Live!'' recording sessions, which was directed by Marla Ancheta. No studio version was recorded for release. The video features Nina performing live with The Essence band. Fans and audience surround her, while she sings the song to them.
The video premiered on [[myx]] in February 2005.
===Release history===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Date released
! Country
! Format
|-
| February 2005
| Philippines
| Radio airplay
|-
| 2005
| Worldwide
| Digital download
|-
|}
==Other versions==
* The song was covered by Taiwanese singer [[Winnie Hsin]] as "叛逃的愛麗絲" (Pàntáo de àilì sī) on her Mandarin album ''花時間'' (Huā shíjiān) in 1992.
* The song was released by [[Michael English (American singer)|Michael English]] on his album ''Hope'' in 1993.
* The song was also covered by Filipino band [[MYMP]] for their 2005 album ''Versions''.
* [[Christian Bautista]] also covered the song for [[Kris Aquino]]'s album ''My Hearts Journey'' in 2011.
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Julia Fordham}}
{{Nina}}
{{Nina singles}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Love Moves In Mysterious Ways}}
[[Category:1991 songs]]
[[Category:1992 singles]]
[[Category:2005 singles]]
[[Category:Julia Fordham songs]]
[[Category:Nina Girado songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Tom Snow]]
[[Category:Songs written by Dean Pitchford]]
[[Category:Pop ballads]]
| 1,280,666,935
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[{"title": "from the album Swept", "data": {"B-side": "- \"Happy Ever After\" - \"Manhattan Skyline\" - \"One of the Boys\"", "Released": "6 January 1992", "Recorded": "1991", "Genre": "Pop", "Length": "4:34", "Label": "Virgin", "Songwriter(s)": "Tom Snow Dean Pitchford", "Producer(s)": "Peter Asher"}}, {"title": "Julia Fordham singles chronology", "data": {"\"I Thought It Was You\" \u00b7 (1991)": "\"(Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways\" \u00b7 (1992) \u00b7 \"Different Time Different Place\" \u00b7 (1994)"}}, {"title": "from the album Nina Live!", "data": {"Released": "February 2005", "Recorded": "30 January 2005", "Genre": "Pop, acoustic", "Length": "4:27", "Label": "Rhino, Warner", "Songwriter(s)": "Tom Snow, Dean Pitchford", "Producer(s)": "Neil Gregorio"}}, {"title": "Nina singles chronology", "data": {"\"The Christmas Song\" \u00b7 (2004)": "\"Love Moves in Mysterious Ways\" \u00b7 (2005) \u00b7 \"Through the Fire\" \u00b7 (2005)"}}, {"title": "Julia Fordham", "data": {"Studio albums": "Julia Fordham Porcelain Swept Falling Forward East West That's Life", "Collaboration albums": "Unusual Suspects (with Paul Reiser) Woman to Woman (with Beverley Craven and Judie Tzuke)", "Compilations": "The Julia Fordham Collection", "Singles": "\" Happy Ever After \" \" (Love Moves in) Mysterious Ways \" \" Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas \"", "Related articles": "Discography"}}, {"title": "Nina Girado", "data": {"Studio albums": "Heaven (2002) Smile (2003) Nina (2006) Nina Sings the Hits of Diane Warren (2008) Renditions of the Soul (2009) Stay Alive (2011) All Good (2013)", "Compilation Albums": "Nina in the Mix: The Dense Modesto Remixes (2007) Best of Nina (2009) Diamond: Greatest Hits 2002\u20132010 (2010)", "Live albums": "Nina Live! (2005)", "Re-releases": "Heaven (Special Edition) (2003) Nina Featuring the Hits of Barry Manilow (2007)", "Video compilations": "Nina Videoke (2005) Nina Live! (2005)", "Notable concerts": "Nina Live! (2005)", "Charities": "UNICEF Philippine Red Cross Gawad Kalinga ICanServe Foundation", "Related articles": "Warner Music Group Universal Records Viva Records ASAP Music Club Myx MYMP ABS-CBN DWAV"}}, {"title": "Nina Girado singles", "data": {"Heaven": "\" Heaven \" \" 2nd Floor \" \" Jealous \" \" Foolish Heart \" \" Loving You \"", "Smile": "\" Make You Mine \" \" A Girl Can Dream \" \" Sayang Naman \"", "Nina Live!": "\" I Don't Want to Be Your Friend \" \" Love Moves in Mysterious Ways \" \" Through the Fire \" \" I Love You Goodbye \" \" Burn \"", "Nina": "\" Araw Mo \" \" I Do \" \" Someday \" \" I Can't Make You Love Me \" \" Collide \" \" Somewhere Down the Road \" \" If I Should Love Again \"", "Nina Sings the Hits of Diane Warren": "\" I Don't Want to Miss a Thing \" \" There You'll Be \"", "Renditions of the Soul": "\" She's Out of My Life \" \" I'm Yours \"", "Diamond: Greatest Hits 2002-2010": "\" Love Will Lead You Back \"", "Stay Alive": "\" Dance \" \" However Much Love \" \" Believe in the Dream \"", "All Good": "\"Don't Say Goodbye\" \"Sa Isang Tingin\" \"When the Love Is Gone\"", "Other releases": "\" The Christmas Song \" \" I'll Always Love You \""}}]
| false
|
# 1645 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1645.
## Events
- December – William Cavendish, later Duke of Newcastle, marries Margaret Lucas, whom he has met while himself in exile in France.[1]
- unknown dates
- With the London theatres closed by the Puritan regime during the English Civil War, closet drama grows in prominence. Henry Burkhead's Cola's Fury, or Lirenda's Misery[2] is written in this genre and the sisters Jane Cavendish and Elizabeth Egerton probably complete their The Concealed Fansyes while besieged.
## New books
### Prose
- Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury
- De Causis Errorum (On the Causes of Errors)[3]
- De Religione Laici (On the Religion of the Laity)[3]
- John Milton
- Colasterion
- Tetrachordon
- Elizabeth Richardson, Baroness Cramond – A Lady's Legacy to her Daughters[4]
- Alexander Ross
- Medicus Medicatus
- The Philosophical Touchstone
- Francisco Manuel de Melo – Guerra de Cataluña
- Horacio Carochi – Arte de la lengua mexicana
- Daniello Bartoli – L'huomo di lettere
- Hermann Busenbaum – Medulla theologiae moralis
### Drama
- Luis Quiñones de Benavente – Jocoseria. Burlas veras, o reprensión moral y festiva de los desórdenes públicos
- Molière – Le Médecin volant
- Paul Scarron – Jodelet
### Poetry
- John Milton – Poems of Mr. John Milton, Both English and Latin, compos'd at several times (dated this year, published early 1646)
- Sheikh Muhammad – Yoga-samgrama
- Edmund Waller – Poems
## Births
- August 14 – Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, Mexican priest, poet, geographer, and historian (died 1700)
- August 16 or 17 – Jean de La Bruyère, French essayist (died 1696)[5]
- Unknown date – Edmund Bohun, English historian, publicist and political writer (died 1699)[6]
## Deaths
- April 17 – Daniel Featley, English Calvinist theologian (born 1582)
- August 28 – Hugo Grotius, Dutch polymath (born 1583)
- August 31 – Francesco Bracciolini, Italian poet (born 1566)
- September 8 – Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish nobleman, politician and poet (born 1580)
- Unknown dates
- Feng Menglong (馮夢龍), Chinese vernacular poet and author (born 1574)
- William Lithgow, Scottish travel writer (born 1582)
- John Paul Nazarius, Italian Dominican theologian (born 1556)
|
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Q2808595
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Refimprove|date=March 2019}}
{{Year nav topic5|1645|literature}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2020}}
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of '''1645'''.
==Events==
*December – [[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle|William Cavendish, later Duke of Newcastle]], marries [[Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne|Margaret Lucas]], whom he has met while himself in exile in France.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Brandie R. Siegfried|author2=Lisa T. Sarasohn|title=God and Nature in the Thought of Margaret Cavendish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8uoFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA211|date=22 April 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-12673-7|pages=211}}</ref>
*''unknown dates''
**With the London theatres closed by the [[Puritan]] regime during the [[English Civil War]], [[closet drama]] grows in prominence. Henry Burkhead's ''Cola's Fury, or Lirenda's Misery''<ref>{{cite book|author=Nicoll|title=History of English Drama, 1660-1900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0-Cu8u-8GpAC&pg=PA394|date=25 June 2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-10928-4|pages=394}}</ref> is written in this genre and the sisters [[Jane Cavendish]] and [[Elizabeth Egerton]] probably complete their ''The Concealed Fansyes'' while besieged.
==New books==
===Prose===
*[[Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury]]
**''De Causis Errorum'' (On the Causes of Errors)<ref name="Hutton2015">{{cite book|author=Sarah Hutton|title=British Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c_wJCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA234|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-958611-0|pages=234}}</ref>
**''De Religione Laici'' (On the Religion of the Laity)<ref name="Hutton2015"/>
*[[John Milton]]
**''[[Colasterion]]''
**''[[Tetrachordon]]''
*[[Elizabeth Richardson, Baroness Cramond]] – ''A Lady's Legacy to her Daughters''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Melissa |title=Reading Early Modern Women: An Anthology of Texts in Manuscript and Print, 1550-1700 |date=2004 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=9780415966467 |page=225 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BRZMdU4FnVYC&pg=PA225|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Alexander Ross (writer)|Alexander Ross]]
**''Medicus Medicatus''
**''The Philosophical Touchstone''
*[[Francisco Manuel de Melo]] – ''Guerra de Cataluña''
*[[Horacio Carochi]] – ''[[Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della|Arte de la lengua mexicana]]''
*[[Daniello Bartoli]] – ''[[L'huomo di lettere]]''
*[[Hermann Busenbaum]] – ''Medulla theologiae moralis''
===Drama===
*[[Luis Quiñones de Benavente]] – ''Jocoseria. Burlas veras, o reprensión moral y festiva de los desórdenes públicos''
*[[Molière]] – ''[[Le Médecin volant]]''
*[[Paul Scarron]] – ''Jodelet''
===Poetry===
*[[John Milton]] – ''[[Milton's 1645 Poems|Poems of Mr. John Milton, Both English and Latin, compos'd at several times]]'' (dated this year, published early 1646)
*[[Sheikh Muhammad]] – ''Yoga-samgrama''
*[[Edmund Waller]] – ''Poems''
==Births==
*[[August 14]] – [[Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora]], Mexican priest, poet, geographer, and historian (died [[1700 in literature|1700]])
*[[August 16|August 16 or 17]] – [[Jean de La Bruyère]], French essayist (died [[1696 in literature|1696]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=O. Classe|author2=[Anonymus AC02468681]|title=Encyclopedia of Literary Translation Into English: A-L|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=myLDA0_brhcC&pg=PA787|year=2000|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-884964-36-7|pages=787}}</ref>
*''Unknown date'' – [[Edmund Bohun]], English historian, publicist and political writer (died [[1699 in literature|1699]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hartman |first1=Jan |last2=Reinders |first2=Michel |title=Public Offices, Personal Demands: Capability in Governance in the Seventeenth-Century Dutch Republic |date=2009 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=9781443810968 |page=234 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2QZBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA234|language=en}}</ref>
==Deaths==
*[[April 17]] – [[Daniel Featley]], English Calvinist theologian (born [[1582 in literature|1582]])
*[[August 28]] – [[Hugo Grotius]], Dutch polymath (born [[1583 in literature|1583]])
*[[August 31]] – [[Francesco Bracciolini]], Italian poet (born [[1566 in literature|1566]])
*[[September 8]] – [[Francisco de Quevedo]], Spanish nobleman, politician and poet (born [[1580 in literature|1580]])
*''Unknown dates''
**[[Feng Menglong]] (馮夢龍), Chinese vernacular poet and author (born [[1574 in literature|1574]])
**[[William Lithgow (traveller and author)|William Lithgow]], Scottish travel writer (born [[1582 in literature|1582]])
**[[John Paul Nazarius]], Italian Dominican theologian (born [[1556 in literature|1556]])
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Year in literature article categories}}
| 1,272,629,869
|
[]
| false
|
# 1925 Western Australian prohibition referendum
A referendum was held on 4 April 1925 in the Australian state of Western Australia on the topic of prohibition.
## History
The Licensing Act Amendment Act 1922 (No.39 of 1922) was assented to by the Governor of Western Australia on 22 December 1922. Section 60 of the Act (which became Section 87(e) of the Licensing Act 1911) stipulated that "in 1925, and in every fifth year thereafter... there shall be taken a poll of the electors in every electoral district on the proposal that prohibition shall come into force in Western Australia". It also provided that if prohibition was passed, "the proposal shall be that licenses for the sale of intoxicating liquor shall be restored". The franchise was to be the same as that for the Western Australian Legislative Assembly, and a proposal could only be carried if 60% of all votes were in favour.
Prior to the enactment of this provision, two referendums, one in 1911 and another in 1921, had rejected prohibition.
## Referendum results
Question: Do you favour Prohibition coming into force in Western Australia?
| Valid votes | Informal votes | For | For | Against | Against |
| ----------- | -------------- | ------ | ------ | ------- | ------- |
| 119,079 | 795 | 41,254 | 34.88% | 77,030 | 65.12 |
The proposal was rejected.
## Aftermath
Despite the legislation calling for five-yearly referendums, only one more was held in 1950. Section 87 of the Licensing Act was repealed in 1959.
|
enwiki/24640221
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enwiki
| 24,640,221
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1925 Western Australian prohibition referendum
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Western_Australian_prohibition_referendum
|
2025-01-22T13:44:05Z
|
en
|
Q7987557
| 64,332
|
{{Short description|Referendum held in Western Australia in 1925}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Use Australian English|date=September 2014}}
{{infobox referendum
|date=4 April 1925
|country=Western Australia
|flag_year=1870
|title=
|yes=41,254
|no=77,030
|invalid=795
}}
A referendum was held on 4 April 1925 in the Australian state of [[Western Australia]] on the topic of [[prohibition]].
==History==
The Licensing Act Amendment Act 1922 (No.39 of 1922) was assented to by the [[Governor of Western Australia]] on 22 December 1922. Section 60 of the Act (which became Section 87(e) of the Licensing Act 1911) stipulated that "in 1925, and in every fifth year thereafter... there shall be taken a poll of the electors in every electoral district on the proposal that prohibition shall come into force in Western Australia". It also provided that if prohibition was passed, "the proposal shall be that licenses for the sale of intoxicating liquor shall be restored". The franchise was to be the same as that for the [[Western Australian Legislative Assembly]], and a proposal could only be carried if 60% of all votes were in favour.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slp.wa.gov.au/legislation/statutes.nsf/main_mrtitle_8913_homepage.html|title=Western Australian Legislation - Licensing Act Amendment Act 1959|author=State Law Publisher|date=3 February 1959|accessdate=10 October 2009}} The relevant section starts on page 27 of the PDF.</ref>
Prior to the enactment of this provision, two referendums, one in 1911 and another in 1921, had rejected prohibition.
==Referendum results==
'''Question:''' ''Do you favour Prohibition coming into force in Western Australia?''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Valid votes
! Informal votes
! align=center colspan="2" | For<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article259263741 |title=News Exchange. |newspaper=[[The Geraldton Express]] |location=[[Geraldton, Western Australia|Geraldton]] |date=8 May 1925 |accessdate=21 October 2021 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
! align=center colspan="2" | Against
|-
| 119,079
| 795
| 41,254
| 34.88%
| 77,030
| {{No|65.12}}
|}
The proposal was rejected.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.wa.gov.au/elections/state-referendums/past-referendums/1925-prohibition-referendum|title = 1925 Prohibition Referendum|publisher=Western Australian Electoral Commission|access-date=2021-10-19}}</ref>
== Aftermath ==
Despite the legislation calling for five-yearly referendums, only [[1950 Western Australian prohibition referendum|one more was held]] in 1950.<ref name=black>{{cite book |title = The house on the hill: A history of the Parliament of Western Australia 1832-1990 |last=Black |first=David | authorlink = David Black (historian) |editor = Black, David |year= 1991 |publisher= Parliament of Western Australia |location=[[West Perth, Western Australia|West Perth]] |isbn=0-7309-3983-9 |chapter = Factionalism and Stability, 1911-1947 |pages= 117}}</ref> Section 87 of the Licensing Act was repealed in 1959.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slp.wa.gov.au/legislation/statutes.nsf/main_mrtitle_6721_homepage.html|title=Western Australian Legislation - Licensing Act Amendment Act 1959|author=State Law Publisher|date=3 February 1959|accessdate=10 October 2009}} Section 21 repealed section 81-98 in the Licensing Act.</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Western Australian elections}}
[[Category:Referendums in Western Australia|1925]]
[[Category:1925 referendums]]
[[Category:Alcohol in Australia]]
[[Category:Prohibition referendums]]
[[Category:1920s in Western Australia]]
[[Category:April 1925]]
[[Category:1925 in Australia]]
| 1,271,072,240
|
[{"title": "Results", "data": {"Choice": "Votes \u00b7 %", "Yes": "41,254 \u00b7 34.88%", "No": "77,030 \u00b7 65.12%", "Valid votes": "118,284 \u00b7 99.33%", "Invalid or blank votes": "795 \u00b7 0.67%", "Total votes": "119,079 \u00b7 100.00%"}}]
| false
|
# 1900 County Championship
The 1900 County Championship was the 11th officially organised running of the County Championship, and ran from 7 May to 1 September 1900. Yorkshire County Cricket Club won their fourth championship title, remaining unbeaten throughout the season. Lancashire finished as runners-up, their best position since winning the Championship in 1897.
## Table
- One point was awarded for a win, and one point was taken away for each loss. Final placings were decided by dividing the number of points earned by the number of completed matches (i.e. those that ended in a win or a loss), and multiplying by 100.
| Yorkshire | 28 | 16 | 0 | 12 | 16 | 16 | 100.00 |
| Lancashire | 28 | 15 | 2 | 11 | 13 | 17 | 76.47 |
| Kent | 22 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 4 | 12 | 33.33 |
| Sussex | 24 | 4 | 2 | 18 | 2 | 6 | 33.33 |
| Nottinghamshire | 18 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 11 | 27.27 |
| Warwickshire | 18 | 3 | 2 | 13 | 1 | 5 | 20.00 |
| Gloucestershire | 22 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 16 | 12.50 |
| Middlesex | 22 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 16 | 12.50 |
| Surrey | 28 | 9 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 16 | 12.50 |
| Essex | 22 | 4 | 6 | 12 | –2 | 10 | –20.00 |
| Somerset | 16 | 4 | 11 | 1 | –7 | 15 | –46.67 |
| Worcestershire | 22 | 3 | 10 | 9 | –7 | 13 | –53.85 |
| Derbyshire | 18 | 2 | 7 | 9 | –5 | 9 | –55.56 |
| Leicestershire | 22 | 3 | 11 | 8 | –8 | 14 | –57.14 |
| Hampshire | 22 | 0 | 16 | 6 | –16 | 16 | –100.00 |
| Source: CricketArchive | | | | | | | |
## Records
| Most runs | Most runs | Most runs | Most runs |
| Aggregate | Average | Player | County |
| --------- | --------- | ------------------ | --------------- |
| 2,563 | 85.43 | K. S. Ranjitsinhji | Sussex |
| 1,880 | 58.75 | Bobby Abel | Surrey |
| 1,850 | 50.00 | Tom Hayward | Surrey |
| 1,830 | 63.10 | C. B. Fry | Sussex |
| 1,733 | 44.43 | Gilbert Jessop | Gloucestershire |
| Source: | | | |
| Most wickets | Most wickets | Most wickets | Most wickets |
| Aggregate | Average | Player | County |
| ------------ | ------------ | --------------- | ------------ |
| 206 | 12.29 | Wilfred Rhodes | Yorkshire |
| 154 | 19.85 | Albert Trott | Middlesex |
| 145 | 14.16 | Schofield Haigh | Yorkshire |
| 122 | 15.45 | Walter Mead | Essex |
| 120 | 17.45 | Johnny Briggs | Lancashire |
| Source: | | | |
|
enwiki/31734888
|
enwiki
| 31,734,888
|
1900 County Championship
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_County_Championship
|
2024-05-30T13:49:13Z
|
en
|
Q4557724
| 88,462
|
{{Short description|English cricket tournament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| administrator =
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket]] (3 days)
| tournament format = [[Sports league|League system]]
| champions = [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]]
| count = 4
| participants = 15
| matches = 166
| most runs = [[K. S. Ranjitsinhji]] {{Clear}} (2,563 for [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]])
| most wickets = [[Wilfred Rhodes]] {{Clear}} (206 for [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]])
| previous_year = 1899
| previous_tournament = 1899 County Championship
| next_year = 1901
| next_tournament = 1901 County Championship
}}
The '''1900 County Championship''' was the 11th officially organised running of the [[County Championship]], and ran from 7 May to 1 September 1900. [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club]] won their fourth championship title, remaining unbeaten throughout the season. [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] finished as runners-up, their best position since winning the Championship in [[1897 County Championship|1897]].
==Table==
* One point was awarded for a win, and one point was taken away for each loss. Final placings were decided by dividing the number of points earned by the number of completed matches (i.e. those that ended in a win or a loss), and multiplying by 100.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!width=175 |Team
!width=20 abbr="Played" |Pld
!width=20 abbr="Won" |[[Result (cricket)#Win and loss|W]]
!width=20 abbr="Lost" |[[Result (cricket)#Win and loss|L]]
!width=20 abbr="Drawn" |[[Result (cricket)#Draw|D]]
!width=25 abbr="Points" |Pts
!width=20 abbr="Finished matches" |Fin
!width=50 abbr="Percentage of finished matches" |%Fin
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]]
|28||16||0||12||16||16||'''100.00'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]]
|28||15||2||11||13||17||'''76.47'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent]]
|22||8||4||10||4||12||'''33.33'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]]
|24||4||2||18||2||6||'''33.33'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|Nottinghamshire]]
|18||7||4||7||3||11||'''27.27'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Warwickshire County Cricket Club|Warwickshire]]
|18||3||2||13||1||5||'''20.00'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club|Gloucestershire]]
|22||9||7||6||2||16||'''12.50'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Middlesex County Cricket Club|Middlesex]]
|22||9||7||6||2||16||'''12.50'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]]
|28||9||7||12||2||16||'''12.50'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Essex County Cricket Club|Essex]]
|22||4||6||12||–2||10||'''–20.00'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]]
|16||4||11||1||–7||15||'''–46.67'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]]
|22||3||10||9||–7||13||'''–53.85'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Derbyshire County Cricket Club|Derbyshire]]
|18||2||7||9||–5||9||'''–55.56'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Leicestershire County Cricket Club|Leicestershire]]
|22||3||11||8||–8||14||'''–57.14'''
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Hampshire County Cricket Club|Hampshire]]
|22||0||16||6||–16||16||'''–100.00'''
|-
|colspan=10 align="left"|Source: CricketArchive<ref>{{cite web |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/Tables/County_Championship_1900.html |title=County Championship 1900 Points Table |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date=2011-05-10}}</ref>
|}
==Records==
{|
|- valign="top"
||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
!colspan=4| Most runs
|-
! Aggregate
! [[Batting average (cricket)|Average]]
! Player
! County
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 2,563 ||style="text-align:center;"| 85.43 || [[K. S. Ranjitsinhji]] || [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]]
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 1,880 ||style="text-align:center;"| 58.75 || [[Bobby Abel]] || [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]]
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 1,850 ||style="text-align:center;"| 50.00 || [[Tom Hayward]] || [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]]
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 1,830 ||style="text-align:center;"| 63.10 || [[C. B. Fry]] || [[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]]
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 1,733 ||style="text-align:center;"| 44.43 || [[Gilbert Jessop]] || [[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club|Gloucestershire]]
|-
|colspan=4 align="left"|Source:<ref>{{cite web |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/ENG/County_Championship_1900/Batting_by_Runs.html|title=Batting and Fielding in County Championship 1900 (Ordered by Runs)|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=2012-05-30}}</ref>
|}
||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
!colspan=4| Most wickets
|-
! Aggregate
! [[Bowling average|Average]]
! Player
! County
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 206 ||style="text-align:center;"| 12.29 || [[Wilfred Rhodes]] || [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]]
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 154 ||style="text-align:center;"| 19.85 || [[Albert Trott]] || [[Middlesex County Cricket Club|Middlesex]]
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 145 ||style="text-align:center;"| 14.16 || [[Schofield Haigh]] || [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]]
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 122 ||style="text-align:center;"| 15.45 || [[Walter Mead (cricketer)|Walter Mead]] || [[Essex County Cricket Club|Essex]]
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| 120 ||style="text-align:center;"| 17.45 || [[Johnny Briggs (cricketer)|Johnny Briggs]] || [[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]]
|-
|colspan=4 align="left"|Source:<ref>{{cite web |url-access=subscription |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Events/ENG/County_Championship_1900/Bowling_by_Wickets.html|title=Bowling in County Championship 1900 (Ordered by Wickets)|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=2012-05-30}}</ref>
|}
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
[http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Seasons/ENG/1900_ENG_County_Championship_1900.html Cricket Archive Fixtures] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20140715083304/http://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Seasons/ENG/1900_ENG_County_Championship_1900.html Archive])
{{County Championship seasons}}
{{English cricket seasons}}
[[Category:1900 in English cricket|County Championship]]
[[Category:County Championship seasons]]
[[Category:English cricket seasons in the 19th century|County]]
{{English-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}
| 1,226,413,189
|
[{"title": "1900 County Championship", "data": {"Cricket format": "First-class cricket (3 days)", "Tournament format(s)": "League system", "Champions": "Yorkshire (4th title)", "Participants": "15", "Matches": "166", "Most runs": "K. S. Ranjitsinhji (2,563 for Sussex)", "Most wickets": "Wilfred Rhodes (206 for Yorkshire)"}}]
| false
|
# 1778 in Russia
Events from the year 1778 in Russia.
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Catherine II
## Events
- Emigration of Christians from the Crimea in 1778
- Kherson
- Mariupol
|
enwiki/48220802
|
enwiki
| 48,220,802
|
1778 in Russia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1778_in_Russia
|
2024-12-30T09:22:57Z
|
en
|
Q21186848
| 79,976
|
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in Russia|1778}}
[[File:Stavrovskiy.jpg|thumb|Stavrovskiy]]
Events from the year '''1778 in [[Russia]]'''.
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Russian monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Catherine II of Russia|Catherine II ]]
==Events==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
*
*
*
*
*
*
* [[Emigration of Christians from the Crimea in 1778]]
* [[Kherson]]
* [[Mariupol]]
*
*
==Births==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
*
*
==Deaths==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
*
*
*
*
*
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commonscat-inline}}
{{Year in Asia|1778}}
{{Year in Europe|1778}}
{{Years in Russia}}
[[Category:1778 in the Russian Empire|1778 in Russia]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:1778 by country]]
{{Russia-hist-stub}}
| 1,266,153,502
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1777 - 1776 - 1775": "1778 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Russia \u00b7 \u2192 - 1779 - 1780 - 1781", "Decades": "1750s 1760s 1770s 1780s 1790s", "See also": "History of Russia Timeline of Russian history List of years in Russia"}}]
| false
|
# 1854 in Russia
Events from the year 1854 in Russia
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Nicholas I
## Events
- February 27 — Britain sends Russia an ultimatum to withdraw from the Romanian provinces Moldavia and Wallachia.
- March 27 — Crimean War: The United Kingdom declares war on Russia.
- March 28 — France declares war on Russia.
- June 21 — Battle of Bomarsund in Åland.
- August 16 — Battle of Bomarsund: Russian troops in the island of Bomarsund in Åland surrender to French–British troops.
- September 20 — Battle of the Alma: Menshikov's forces unsuccessfully defend a height above the Alma River from an allied infantry advance commanded by de Saint-Arnaud, Suleiman Pasha, and Lord Raglan.[1]
## Births
- July 7 – Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov, poet, scientist and revolutionary (d. 1946)
|
enwiki/48193667
|
enwiki
| 48,193,667
|
1854 in Russia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1854_in_Russia
|
2025-01-23T08:33:29Z
|
en
|
Q21187443
| 83,288
|
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in Russia|1854}}
[[File:Battle of Inkermann by David Rowlands.jpg|thumb|Battle of Inkermann by David Rowlands]]
Events from the year '''1854 in [[Russia]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Russian monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I ]]
== Events ==
{{expand section|date=October 2015}}
* [[February 27]] — Britain sends Russia an ultimatum to withdraw from the Romanian provinces [[Moldavia]] and [[Wallachia]].
* [[March 27]] — [[Crimean War]]: The United Kingdom declares war on Russia.
* [[March 28]] — France declares war on Russia.
* [[June 21]] — [[Battle of Bomarsund]] in [[Åland]].
* [[August 16]] — [[Battle of Bomarsund]]: Russian troops in the island of Bomarsund in [[Åland]] surrender to French–British troops.
* [[September 20]] — [[Battle of the Alma]]: [[Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov|Menshikov]]'s forces unsuccessfully defend a [[glossary of landforms|height]] above the [[Alma (Crimea)|Alma River]] from an allied infantry advance commanded by [[Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud|de Saint-Arnaud]], Suleiman Pasha, and [[FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan|Lord Raglan]].<ref>[https://newspapers.com/article/the-evansville-daily-journal-telegraphic/155577536 Telegraphic! - Newspapers.com]</ref>
==Births==
{{Expand section|date=November 2020}}
* [[July 7]] – [[Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov]], poet, scientist and revolutionary (d. [[1946]])
==Deaths==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
*
*
*
*
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commonscat-inline}}
{{Year in Asia|1854}}
{{Year in Europe|1854}}
{{Years in Russia}}
[[Category:1854 in the Russian Empire|1854 in Russia]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:1854 by country]]
{{Russia-hist-stub}}
| 1,271,272,897
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1853 - 1852 - 1851": "1854 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Russia \u00b7 \u2192 - 1855 - 1856 - 1857", "Decades": "1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s", "See also": "History of Russia Timeline of Russian history List of years in Russia"}}]
| false
|
# 1934 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
The 1934 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1934.
Democratic Mayor of Boston James Michael Curley was elected to his only term as Governor of Massachusetts.
## Democratic primary
### Governor
#### Candidates
- Charles H. Cole, former Adjutant General of Massachusetts and nominee for Governor in 1928
- James Michael Curley, Mayor of Boston and nominee for Governor in 1924
- Frank A. Goodwin, former Registrar of Motor Vehicles (also running as a Republican)
#### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ----------- | -------------------- | ------- | ------- |
| | Democratic | James Michael Curley | 280,405 | 64.13% |
| | Democratic | Charles H. Cole | 129,025 | 29.51% |
| | Democratic | Frank A. Goodwin | 27,820 | 6.36% |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 2 | 0.00% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 437,252 | 100.00% |
### Lt. Governor
#### Candidates
- Joseph L. Hurley, Mayor of Fall River
- Francis E. Kelly, member of the Boston City Council and candidate for Lt. Governor in 1932
#### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ----------- | ---------------- | ------- | ------- |
| | Democratic | Joseph L. Hurley | 234,357 | 59.51% |
| | Democratic | Francis E. Kelly | 159,478 | 40.49% |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 2 | 0.00% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 393,837 | 100.00% |
## Republican primary
### Governor
#### Candidates
- Gaspar G. Bacon, Lieutenant Governor
- Frank A. Goodwin, former Registrar of Motor Vehicles (also running as a Democrat)
#### Withdrew
- Alvan T. Fuller, former Governor of Massachusetts
#### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ----------- | ---------------- | ------- | ------- |
| | Republican | Gaspar G. Bacon | 229,544 | 63.26% |
| | Republican | Frank A. Goodwin | 133,260 | 36.73% |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 43 | 0.01% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 362,847 | 100.00% |
### Lt. Governor
#### Candidates
- John W. Haigis, former Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts
#### Results
Haigis was unopposed for the Republican nomination.
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ----------- | -------------- | ------- | ------- |
| | Republican | John W. Haigis | 316,304 | 100.00% |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 12 | 0.00% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 316,316 | 100.00% |
## General election
### Candidates
- John W. Aiken, nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1932 (Socialist Labor)
- Gaspar G. Bacon, Lieutenant Governor (Republican)
- James Michael Curley, Mayor of Boston (Democratic)
- Freeman W. Follett, resident of Haverhill (Prohibition)
- Frank A. Goodwin, former Registrar of Motor Vehicles (Equal Tax)
- Alfred Baker Lewis, attorney, civil rights activist, and perennial candidate (Socialist)
- Edward Rand Stevens, candidate for Lieutenant Governor in 1924 (Communist)
After losing both the Democratic and Republican primaries, Goodwin entered the general election as an independent on the "Equal Tax" platform.
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| ----- | --------------- | -------------------- | ------- | ------ | ---- |
| | Democratic | James Michael Curley | 825,479 | 49.65% | 3.11 |
| | Republican | Gaspar G. Bacon | 704,576 | 42.30% | 5.88 |
| | Equal Tax | Frank A. Goodwin | 94,141 | 6.35% | N/A |
| | Socialist | Alfred B. Lewis | 12,282 | 0.83% | 0.16 |
| | Socialist Labor | John W. Aiken | 5,803 | 0.39% | 0.15 |
| | Communist | Edward Rand Stevens | 4,137 | 0.28% | 0.11 |
| | Prohibition | Freeman W. Follett | 2,990 | 0.20% | 0.20 |
| | Write-in | Write-in | 36 | 0.00% | 0.01 |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Swing | | |
## Bibliography
Frederic W. Cook, Secretary of the Commonwealth (1934). Election Statistics, 1933–34. Boston, MA.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
|
enwiki/61914826
|
enwiki
| 61,914,826
|
1934 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Massachusetts_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-31T03:23:11Z
|
en
|
Q85722163
| 338,331
|
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1934 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
| country = Massachusetts
| flag_year = 1908
| type = presidential
| ongoing = No
| previous_election = 1932 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1932
| next_election = 1936 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1936
| election_date = {{Start date|1934|11|6}}
| image_size = x150px
| turnout = 34.90% <small>(total pop.){{decrease}}</small>
| image1 = James Michael Curley.jpg
| nominee1 = '''[[James Michael Curley]]'''
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''736,463'''
| percentage1 = '''49.65%'''
| image2 = Gaspar Griswold Bacon, Sr in his passport application.jpg
| nominee2 = [[Gaspar G. Bacon]]
| party2 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 627,413
| percentage2 = 42.30%
| image3 = 3x4.svg
| nominee3 = [[Frank A. Goodwin]]
| party3 = Independent (politician)
| popular_vote3 = 94,141
| percentage3 = 6.35%
| map_image = 1934 Massachusetts gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 300px
| map_caption = County results<br>'''Curley''': {{legend0|#a5b0ff|40–50%}} {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674de|60–70%}}<br>'''Bacon''': {{legend0|#ffb2b2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend0|#d75d5d|60–70%}}
| title = [[Governor of Massachusetts|Governor]]
| before_election = [[Joseph B. Ely]]
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = [[James Michael Curley]]
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsMA}}
The '''1934 Massachusetts gubernatorial election''' was held on November 6, 1934.
Democratic Mayor of Boston [[James Michael Curley]] was elected to his only term as Governor of Massachusetts.
==Democratic primary==
===Governor===
====Candidates====
* [[Charles H. Cole]], former [[Adjutant General of Massachusetts]] and nominee for Governor in 1928
* [[James Michael Curley]], [[Mayor of Boston]] and nominee for Governor in 1924
* [[Frank A. Goodwin]], former Registrar of Motor Vehicles (also running as a Republican)
====Results====
{{Election box begin no change
| title=1934 Democratic gubernatorial primary{{Sfn|Election Statistics|1934|p=86}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[James Michael Curley]]
|votes = 280,405
|percentage = 64.13%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Charles H. Cole]]
|votes = 129,025
|percentage = 29.51%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Frank A. Goodwin]]
|votes = 27,820
|percentage = 6.36%
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link no change
|votes = 2
|percentage = 0.00%
}}
{{Election box total no change
|votes = 437,252
|percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box end}}
===Lt. Governor===
====Candidates====
*[[Joseph L. Hurley]], [[List of mayors of Fall River, Massachusetts|Mayor of Fall River]]
*[[Francis E. Kelly]], member of the [[Boston City Council]] and candidate for Lt. Governor in 1932
====Results====
{{Election box begin no change
| title=1934 Democratic lieutenant gubernatorial primary{{Sfn|Election Statistics|1934|p=89}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Joseph L. Hurley]]
|votes = 234,357
|percentage = 59.51%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Francis E. Kelly]]
|votes = 159,478
|percentage = 40.49%
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link no change
|votes = 2
|percentage = 0.00%
}}
{{Election box total no change
|votes = 393,837
|percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box end}}
==Republican primary==
===Governor===
====Candidates====
*[[Gaspar G. Bacon]], Lieutenant Governor
*[[Frank A. Goodwin]], former Registrar of Motor Vehicles (also running as a Democrat)
====Withdrew====
*[[Alvan T. Fuller]], former Governor of Massachusetts
====Results====
{{Election box begin no change
| title=1934 Republican gubernatorial primary{{Sfn|Election Statistics|1934|p=168}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Gaspar G. Bacon]]
|votes = 229,544
|percentage = 63.26%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Frank A. Goodwin]]
|votes = 133,260
|percentage = 36.73%
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link no change
|votes = 43
|percentage = 0.01%
}}
{{Election box total no change
|votes = 362,847
|percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box end}}
===Lt. Governor===
====Candidates====
*[[John W. Haigis]], former [[Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts]]
====Results====
Haigis was unopposed for the Republican nomination.
{{Election box begin no change
| title=1934 Republican lieutenant gubernatorial primary{{Sfn|Election Statistics|1934|p=171}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = [[John W. Haigis]]
|votes = 316,304
|percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link no change
|votes = 12
|percentage = 0.00%
}}
{{Election box total no change
|votes = 316,316
|percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box end}}
==General election==
===Candidates===
*[[John W. Aiken]], nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1932 (Socialist Labor)
*[[Gaspar G. Bacon]], Lieutenant Governor (Republican)
*[[James Michael Curley]], [[Mayor of Boston]] (Democratic)
*Freeman W. Follett, resident of Haverhill (Prohibition)
*[[Frank A. Goodwin]], former Registrar of Motor Vehicles (Equal Tax)
*[[Alfred Baker Lewis]], attorney, civil rights activist, and perennial candidate (Socialist)
*Edward Rand Stevens, candidate for Lieutenant Governor in 1924 (Communist)
After losing both the Democratic and Republican primaries, Goodwin entered the general election as an independent on the "Equal Tax" platform.
===Results===
{{Election box begin
| title=1934 Massachusetts gubernatorial election<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=262980 |title=MA Governor, 1934 |publisher=Our Campaigns |access-date=29 September 2019}}</ref>{{Sfn|Election Statistics|1934|p=245}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[James Michael Curley]]
|votes = 825,479
|percentage = 49.65%
|change = {{decrease}}3.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Gaspar G. Bacon]]
|votes = 704,576
|percentage = 42.30%
|change = {{decrease}}5.88
}}
{{Election box candidate minor party
|party = Equal Tax
|candidate = [[Frank A. Goodwin]]
|votes = 94,141
|percentage = 6.35%
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Party of America
|candidate = [[Alfred B. Lewis]]
|votes = 12,282
|percentage = 0.83%
|change = {{increase}}0.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Labor Party of America
|candidate = [[John W. Aiken]]
|votes = 5,803
|percentage = 0.39%
|change = {{increase}}0.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party USA
|candidate = Edward Rand Stevens
|votes = 4,137
|percentage = 0.28%
|change = {{decrease}}0.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Prohibition Party (United States)
|candidate = Freeman W. Follett
|votes = 2,990
|percentage = 0.20%
|change = {{increase}}0.20
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link
|votes = 36
|percentage = 0.00%
|change = {{decrease}}0.01
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Democratic Party (United States)
|swing =
|loser = Republican Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
==See also==
* [[1933–1934 Massachusetts legislature]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
{{cite book |title= Election Statistics, 1933–34 |author=Frederic W. Cook, Secretary of the Commonwealth |year= 1934 |location=Boston, MA |url=http://www.archive.org/stream/electionstatisti19331934mass |ref={{SfnRef|Election Statistics|1934}}}}
{{Massachusetts elections}}
{{1934 United States elections}}
{{US Third Party Election}}
[[Category:1934 Massachusetts elections|Governor]]
[[Category:Massachusetts gubernatorial elections|1934]]
[[Category:1934 United States gubernatorial elections|Massachusetts]]
[[Category:November 1934 in the United States]]
| 1,272,976,844
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[{"title": "1934 Massachusetts gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1932": "November 6, 1934 \u00b7 1936 \u2192", "Turnout": "34.90% (total pop.)", "Nominee": "James Michael Curley \u00b7 Gaspar G. Bacon \u00b7 Frank A. Goodwin", "Party": "Democratic \u00b7 Republican \u00b7 Independent", "Popular vote": "736,463 \u00b7 627,413 \u00b7 94,141", "Percentage": "49.65% \u00b7 42.30% \u00b7 6.35%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Joseph B. Ely \u00b7 Democratic": "Elected Governor \u00b7 James Michael Curley \u00b7 Democratic"}}]
| false
|
# (a, b)-decomposition
In graph theory, the (a, b)-decomposition of an undirected graph is a partition of its edges into a + 1 sets, each one of them inducing a forest, except one which induces a graph with maximum degree b. If this graph is also a forest, then we call this a F(a, b)-decomposition.
A graph with arboricity a is (a, 0)-decomposable. Every (a, 0)-decomposition or (a, 1)-decomposition is a F(a, 0)-decomposition or a F(a, 1)-decomposition respectively.
## Graph classes
- Every planar graph is F(2, 4)-decomposable.[1]
- Every planar graph {\displaystyle G} with girth at least {\displaystyle g} is
- F(2, 0)-decomposable if {\displaystyle g\geq 4}.[2]
- (1, 4)-decomposable if {\displaystyle g\geq 5}.[3]
- F(1, 2)-decomposable if {\displaystyle g\geq 6}.[4]
- F(1, 1)-decomposable if {\displaystyle g\geq 8},[5] or if every cycle of {\displaystyle G} is either a triangle or a cycle with at least 8 edges not belonging to a triangle.[6]
- (1, 5)-decomposable if {\displaystyle G} has no 4-cycles.[7]
- Every outerplanar graph is F(2, 0)-decomposable[2] and (1, 3)-decomposable.[8]
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Q20087658
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:(''a'', ''b'')-decomposition}}
In [[graph theory]], the '''(''a'', ''b'')-decomposition''' of an undirected [[graph theory|graph]] is a partition of its edges into ''a'' + 1 sets, each one of them inducing a forest, except one which induces a graph with maximum degree ''b''. If this graph is also a forest, then we call this a ''' F(''a'', ''b'')-decomposition'''.
A graph with [[arboricity]] ''a'' is (''a'', 0)-decomposable. Every (''a'', ''0'')-decomposition or (''a'', ''1'')-decomposition is a F(''a'', ''0'')-decomposition or a F(''a'', ''1'')-decomposition respectively.
== Graph classes ==
* Every [[planar graph]] is F(2, 4)-decomposable.<ref>{{harvtxt|Gonçalves|2009}}, conjectured by {{harvtxt|Balogh et al.|2005}}. Improving results by {{harvtxt|Nash-Williams|1964}} then {{harvtxt|Balogh et al.|2005}}.</ref>
* Every [[planar graph]] <math>G</math> with [[girth (graph theory)|girth]] at least <math>g</math> is
** F(2, 0)-decomposable if <math>g \ge 4</math>.<ref name=NW>Implied by {{harvtxt|Nash-Williams|1964}}.</ref>
** (1, 4)-decomposable if <math>g \ge 5</math>.<ref>{{harvtxt|He et al.|2002}}</ref>
** F(1, 2)-decomposable if <math>g \ge 6</math>.<ref>Implied by {{harvtxt|Montassier et al.|2012}}, improving results by {{harvtxt|He et al.|2002}}, then {{harvtxt|Kleitman|2008}}.</ref>
** F(1, 1)-decomposable if <math>g \ge 8</math>,<ref>Independently proved by {{harvtxt|Wang|Zhang|2011}} and implied by {{harvtxt|Montassier et al.|2012}}, improving results by {{harvtxt|He et al.|2002}} for girth 11, then {{harvtxt|Bassa et al.|2010}} for girth 10 and {{harvtxt|Borodin et al.|2008a}} for girth 9.</ref> or if every cycle of <math>G</math> is either a triangle or a cycle with at least 8 edges not belonging to a triangle.<ref>{{harvtxt|Borodin et al.|2009b}}, even if not explicitly stated.</ref>
** (1, 5)-decomposable if <math>G</math> has no 4-cycles.<ref>{{harvtxt|Borodin et al.|2009a}}, improving results by {{harvtxt|He et al.|2002}}, then {{harvtxt|Borodin et al.|2008b}}.</ref>
* Every [[outerplanar graph]] is F(2, 0)-decomposable<ref name=NW /> and (1, 3)-decomposable.<ref>Proved without explicit reference by {{harvtxt|Guan|Zhu|1999}}.</ref>
== Notes ==
{{reflist|2}}
== References (chronological order) ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite journal|last=Nash-Williams|first=Crispin St. John Alvah|title=Decomposition of finite graphs into forests|journal=[[Journal of the London Mathematical Society]]|volume=39|issue=1|year=1964|pages=12|doi=10.1112/jlms/s1-39.1.12|mr=0161333}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Guan
| first1 = D. J.
| last2 = Zhu
| first2 = Xuding
| date = 1999
| title = Game chromatic number of outerplanar graphs
| journal = Journal of Graph Theory
| volume = 30
| issue = 1
| pages = 67–70
| doi=10.1002/(sici)1097-0118(199901)30:1<67::aid-jgt7>3.0.co;2-m
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = He
| first1 = Wenjie
| last2 = Hou
| first2 = Xiaoling
| last3 = Lih
| first3 = Ko-Wei
| last4 = Shao
| first4 = Jiating
| last5 = Wang
| first5 = Weifan
| last6 = Zhu
| first6 = Xuding
| date = 2002
| title = Edge-partitions of planar graphs and their game coloring numbers
| journal = Journal of Graph Theory
| volume = 41
| issue = 4
| pages = 307–311
| ref = {{harvid|He et al.|2002}}
| doi = 10.1002/jgt.10069
| s2cid = 20929383
| doi-access= free
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Balogh
| first1 = József
| last2 = Kochol
| first2 = Martin
| last3 = Pluhár
| first3 = András
| last4 = Yu
| first4 = Xingxing
| date = 2005
| title = Covering planar graphs with forests
| journal = Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B
| volume = 94
| issue = 1
| pages = 147–158
| ref = {{harvid|Balogh et al.|2005}}
| doi = 10.1016/j.ejc.2007.06.020
| doi-access= free
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Borodin
| first1 = Oleg V.
| last2 = Kostochka
| first2 = Alexandr V.
| last3 = Sheikh
| first3 = Naeem N.
| last4 = Yu
| first4 = Gexin
| date = 2008
| title = Decomposing a planar graph with girth 9 into a forest and a matching
| journal = European Journal of Combinatorics
| volume = 29
| issue = 5
| pages = 1235–1241
| ref = {{harvid|Borodin et al.|2008a}}
| doi = 10.1016/j.ejc.2007.06.020
| doi-access= free
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Borodin
| first1 = Oleg V.
| last2 = Kostochka
| first2 = Alexandr V.
| last3 = Sheikh
| first3 = Naeem N.
| last4 = Yu
| first4 = Gexin
| date = 2008
| title = ''M''-Degrees of Quadrangle-Free Planar Graphs
| url = http://www.math.uiuc.edu/~kostochk/docs/2012/jgt09bsy.pdf
| journal = Journal of Graph Theory
| volume = 60
| issue = 1
| pages = 80–85
| ref = {{harvid|Borodin et al.|2008b}}
| doi = 10.1002/jgt.20346
| citeseerx = 10.1.1.224.8397
| s2cid = 7486622
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Kleitman
| first = Daniel J.
| date = 2008
| title = Partitioning the Edges of a Girth 6 Planar Graph into those of a Forest and those of a Set of Disjoint Paths and Cycles
| journal = Manuscript
}}
* {{cite journal
| last = Gonçalves
| first = Daniel
| date = 2009
| title = Covering planar graphs with forests, one having bounded maximum degree
| journal = Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B
| volume = 99
| issue = 2
| pages = 314–322
| doi = 10.1016/j.jctb.2008.07.004
| doi-access= free
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Borodin
| first1 = Oleg V.
| last2 = Ivanova
| first2 = Anna O.
| last3 = Kostochka
| first3 = Alexandr V.
| last4 = Sheikh
| first4 = Naeem N.
| date = 2009
| title = Decompositions of Quadrangle-Free Planar Graphs
| url = http://www.math.uiuc.edu/~kostochk/docs/2012/dmgt09bis.pdf
| journal = Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory
| volume = 29
| pages = 87–99
| ref = {{harvid|Borodin et al.|2009a}}
| doi=10.7151/dmgt.1434
| citeseerx = 10.1.1.224.8787
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Borodin
| first1 = Oleg V.
| last2 = Ivanova
| first2 = Anna O.
| last3 = Kostochka
| first3 = Alexandr V.
| last4 = Sheikh
| first4 = Naeem N.
| date = 2009
| title = Planar graphs decomposable into a forest and a matching
| journal = Discrete Mathematics
| volume = 309
| issue = 1
| pages = 277–279
| ref = {{harvid|Borodin et al.|2009b}}
| doi=10.1016/j.disc.2007.12.104
| doi-access= free
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Bassa
| first1 = A.
| last2 = Burns
| first2 = J.
| last3 = Campbell
| first3 = J.
| last4 = Deshpande
| first4 = A.
| last5 = Farley
| first5 = J.
| last6 = Halsey
| first6 = L.
| last7 = Ho
| first7 = S.-Y.
| last8 = Kleitman
| first8 = D.
| last9 = Michalakis
| first9 = S.
| last10 = Persson
| first10 = P.-O.
| last11 = Pylyavskyy
| first11 = P.
| last12 = Rademacher
| first12 = L.
| last13 = Riehl
| first13 = A.
| last14 = Rios
| first14 = M.
| last15 = Samuel
| first15 = J.
| last16 = Tenner
| first16 = B.E. |author16-link=Bridget Tenner
| last17 = Vijayasarathy
| first17 = A.
| last18 = Zhao
| first18 = L.
| date = 2010
| title = Partitioning a Planar Graph of Girth 10 into a Forest and a Matching
| journal = European Journal of Combinatorics
| volume = 124
| issue = 3
| pages = 213–228
| ref = {{harvid|Bassa et al.|2010}}
| doi = 10.1111/j.1467-9590.2009.00468.x
| s2cid = 120663098
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Wang
| first1 = Yingqian
| last2 = Zhang
| first2 = Qijun
| date = 2011
| title = Decomposing a planar graph with girth at least 8 into a forest and a matching
| journal = Discrete Mathematics
| volume = 311
| issue = 10–11
| pages = 844–849
| doi = 10.1016/j.disc.2011.01.019
| doi-access= free
}}
* {{cite journal
| last1 = Montassier
| first1 = Mickaël
| last2 = Ossona de Mendez
| first2 = Patrice | author2-link = Patrice Ossona de Mendez
| last3 = André
| first3 = Raspaud
| last4 = Zhu
| first4 = Xuding
| date = 2012
| title = Decomposing a graph into forests
| journal = Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B
| volume = 102
| issue = 1
| pages = 38–52
| ref = {{harvid|Montassier et al.|2012}}
| doi = 10.1016/j.jctb.2011.04.001
| doi-access= free
}}
{{refend}}
[[Category:Graph invariants]]
[[Category:Graph theory objects]]
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[]
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# 1871 in Argentina
Events in the year 1871 in Argentina.
## Incumbents
- President: Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
- Vice President: Adolfo Alsina
### Governors
- Buenos Aires Province: Emilio de Castro y Rocha
- Cordoba: Félix de la Peña then Juan Antonio Álvarez
- Mendoza Province: Arístides Villanueva
- Santa Fe Province: Mariano Cabal then Simón de Iriondo
### Vice Governors
- Buenos Aires Province: vacant
## Events
- 1 January – The Civil Code of Argentina, written by Dalmacio Vélez Sársfield, comes into effect.
- 27 January – Yellow Fever in Buenos Aires: Three cases of yellow fever are diagnosed in the San Telmo neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, which is full of tenements. The City Commission declines to warn the population of the danger of an epidemic.
- 4 March – The Tribune newspaper reports that the streets of fever-infested Buenos Aires are so dark at night that "it truly appeared as if the terrible scourge had swept away all the residents".[1]
- 9–11 April – 500 deaths are registered daily in Buenos Aires as a result of the yellow fever epidemic.
- 7 May – Germany sends its first ambassador to Argentina.
- August – The East Argentine Railway company is founded by British investors.[2]
- 24 October – The Argentine National Observatory is founded by President Domingo F. Sarmiento and the North American astronomer Benjamin Apthorp Gould.[3]
## Deaths
- 20 February – Anthony Dominic Fahy, Irish Dominican Priest, missionary and head of Argentina's Irish community (born 1805)
- 14 March – Franklin Rawson, painter (born 1819; yellow fever)
- 24 March – José Roque Pérez, president of the People's Commission of Buenos Aires (yellow fever)
- 8 April – Francisco Javier Muñiz, soldier, naturalist, and medical doctor (born 1795; yellow fever)[4]
- April 10 – Lucio Norberto Mansilla, general and governor
- April 23 – Sinforoso Amoedo, medical doctor
- May 25 – Manuel Argerich, medical doctor
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year in Argentina|1871}}
Events in the year '''1871 in [[Argentina]]'''.
==Incumbents==
* [[President of Argentina|President]]: [[Domingo Faustino Sarmiento]]
* [[Vice President of Argentina|Vice President]]: [[Adolfo Alsina]]
===Governors===
* [[Governor of Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires Province]]: [[Emilio de Castro y Rocha]]
* [[Governor of Córdoba (Argentine province)|Cordoba]]: [[Félix de la Peña]] then [[Juan Antonio Álvarez (governor)|Juan Antonio Álvarez]]
* [[Governor of Mendoza Province|Mendoza Province]]: [[Arístides Villanueva]]
* [[Governor of Santa Fe Province|Santa Fe Province]]: [[Mariano Cabal]] then [[Simón de Iriondo]]
===Vice Governors===
* Buenos Aires Province: vacant
==Events==
* [[1 January]] – The [[Civil Code of Argentina]], written by [[Dalmacio Vélez Sársfield]], comes into effect.
* [[27 January]] – [[Yellow Fever in Buenos Aires]]: Three cases of yellow fever are diagnosed in the San Telmo neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, which is full of tenements. The City Commission declines to warn the population of the danger of an epidemic.
* [[4 March]] – The ''Tribune'' newspaper reports that the streets of fever-infested Buenos Aires are so dark at night that "it truly appeared as if the terrible scourge had swept away all the residents".<ref>Citado en ''Crónica Histórica Argentina'', Tomo IV, Ed. CODEX (ver detalle en bibliografía)</ref>
* [[9 April|9]]–[[11 April]] – 500 deaths are registered daily in Buenos Aires as a result of the yellow fever epidemic.
* [[7 May]] – Germany sends its first ambassador to Argentina.
* August – The [[East Argentine Railway]] company is founded by British investors.<ref>Colin M. Lewis, ''British Railways in Argentina 1857–1914: A Case Study of Foreign Investment'', Athlone Press (for the Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London), 1983</ref>
* [[24 October]] – The [[Argentine National Observatory]] is founded by President [[Domingo F. Sarmiento]] and the North American astronomer [[Benjamin Apthorp Gould]].<ref>*{{in lang|es}} [http://www.espacioprofundo.com.ar/verarticulo/Visita_a_la_Estacion_Astrofisica_de_Bosque_Alegre.html Visita a la Estación Astrofísica de Bosque Alegre] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203141613/https://www.espacioprofundo.com.ar/verarticulo/Visita_a_la_Estacion_Astrofisica_de_Bosque_Alegre.html |date=2014-02-03 }}</ref>
==Deaths==
* [[20 February]] – [[Anthony Dominic Fahy]], Irish Dominican Priest, missionary and head of Argentina's Irish community (born 1805)
* [[14 March]] – [[Franklin Rawson]], painter (born [[1819 in Argentina|1819]]; yellow fever)
* [[24 March]] – José Roque Pérez, president of the People's Commission of Buenos Aires (yellow fever)
* [[8 April]] – [[Francisco Javier Muñiz]], soldier, naturalist, and medical doctor (born [[1795 in Argentina|1795]]; yellow fever)<ref>Sir Norman Lockyer (1917). ''Nature''. Macmillan Journals Limited. p. 305.</ref>
* April 10 – [[Lucio Norberto Mansilla]], general and governor
* April 23 – [[Sinforoso Amoedo]], medical doctor
* May 25 – [[Manuel Argerich]], medical doctor
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{commons category}}
{{Years in Argentina}}
{{South America topic|1871 in}}
[[Category:1871 in Argentina| ]]
[[Category:1870s in Argentina]]
[[Category:History of Argentina (1852–1880)]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in Argentina]]
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1870 - 1869 - 1868": "1871 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Argentina \u00b7 \u2192 - 1872 - 1873 - 1874", "Decades": "1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s", "See also": "Other events of 1871 \u00b7 List of years in Argentina"}}]
| false
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# 1695 Essex Witch Trial
Ann Ball v. Ellinor Morris of King & Queen Co. (1695) was one of the few landmark sorcery cases in Essex County history that was likely inspired by the fears brought on by Salem witch trials in Massachusetts. The late 17th Century trial stemmed from two legal actions: the first being allegations of witchcraft made by Ann Ball against Ellinor Morris, and the second was a defamation lawsuit filed by the Morrises to restore Ellinor's reputation. However, unlike the Salem trials, the case was treated as a civil matter; perhaps due to the elevated social class Eillinor and William Morris enjoyed as a planter.
## Accusation of Witchcraft
The case began in April 1695 when Ann Ball accused Ellinor Morris of sorcery after Ann became sick with an unknown illness. On 10 June 1695 the trial commenced where Ann Ball in open-court accused Ellinor (Eleanor/Elinor) Morris, wife of William Morris (son of former House of Burgesses member George Morris) of witchcraft. Ann claimed that Ellinor had "bewitched her" and "ridden her several days and nights almost to death." These accusations were made publicly, and "declaring in a very loud voice that Eleanor had been and still was a witch' in New Kent County" in King & Queen County (formerly New Kent), where Ellinor had lived for approximately thirty years. On 11 June, the jury acquitted Ellinor and found Ball guilty of defamation.
## Defamation Suit: Morris v. Ball
Essex County, Virginia Court Records (formerly encompassing parts of King & Queen Co and New Kent) Order Book 1692-1695 recorded the action against Ann Ball and her husband William following the not-verdict of Ellinor Morris. The Morrises demanded 5,000 pounds of tobacco to be paid in damages. The jury ultimately found Ann Ball guilty of defamation and to paid a reduced charge of 500 pounds of tobacco.
"William Morris and Ellinor his wife complain against William Ball and Ann his wife for that, that is to say, the complainant Ellinor Morris hath for this thirty years or thereabout now past lived in New Kent County, now King and Queen County within this Colony of Virginia: and it is and hath been hitherto of good name, fame, credit and reputation and never was guilty of any conjuration, witchcraft, or enchantment, charm or sorcery or any other just act or acts whereby to hurt anybody in their lives, liberties, or estate but is and ever was free from all and every such like offenses and from any spot, blemish, or suspicion of them or any of them did always live and remain unspotted, which premises are very well known to these defendants.
William Ball and Ann his wife, yet she the said Ann Ball out of an evil intent and malicious design to deprive and destroy the good name, credit, and reputation of the complainants and to bring them into hatred and contempt did, to wit, on the 23rd day of April last or thereabouts and at divers times and places within this county in the presence and hearing of divers of their Majesties' liege people with a loud voice publicly and maliciously utter and declare these false, feigned, scandalous, and malicious words of the complainants (viz.) that the complainant Ellinor Morris was and is a witch and she had bewitched her, the defendant, and had ridden her several days and nights almost to death that of her life she did despair and said that she would prove it with many other false words and scandalous speeches against the complainants' good name, credit, and reputation to their damage of five thousand pounds of tobacco and cask for which they prayed judgment with costs.
To which the defendants, by Mr. Thomas Grigson and Mr. Robert Coleman their attorneys appeared and for plea say not guilty in manner and form; whereupon the matter for trial is referred to a jury who (viz.) Robert Halsey, Richard Covington, Thomas Cockin, James Hinds, Edward Rowsie, Samuel Griffing, Thomas Davis, William Jones, John Williams, Nicholas Copeland, Robert Pley and Samuel Thacker, being sworn for verdict.
We the jury find for the plaintiffs five hundred pounds of tobacco damage, which (upon the plaintiffs' motion by James Boughan their attorney) is recorded and judgment granted the defendants for the said five hundred pounds of tobacco damage to be paid with costs."
|
enwiki/78754201
|
enwiki
| 78,754,201
|
1695 Essex Witch Trial
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1695_Essex_Witch_Trial
|
2024-12-29T22:11:59Z
|
en
|
Q131747682
| 16,684
|
{{Short description|Trial in Virginia, US}}
'''''Ann Ball v. Ellinor Morris of King & Queen Co.''''' (1695) was one of the few landmark sorcery cases in Essex County history that was likely inspired by the fears brought on by [[Salem witch trials]] in [[Massachusetts Bay Colony|Massachusetts]]. The late 17th Century trial stemmed from two legal actions: the first being allegations of [[witchcraft]] made by Ann Ball against Ellinor Morris, and the second was a [[Defamation|defamation lawsuit]] filed by the Morrises to restore Ellinor's reputation. However, unlike the Salem trials, the case was treated as a civil matter; perhaps due to the elevated social class Eillinor and William Morris enjoyed as a [[Planter class|planter]].
== Accusation of Witchcraft ==
The case began in April 1695 when Ann Ball accused Ellinor Morris of sorcery after Ann became sick with an unknown illness. On 10 June 1695 the trial commenced where Ann Ball in open-court accused Ellinor (Eleanor/Elinor) Morris, wife of William Morris (son of former [[House of Burgesses]] member [[George Morris (burgess)|George Morris]]) of witchcraft. Ann claimed that Ellinor had "''bewitched her''" and "''ridden her several days and nights almost to death.''"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bruce |first=Philip Alexander |url=https://archive.org/details/institutionalhis01brucuoft |title=Institutional history of Virginia in the seventeenth century; an inquiry into the religious, moral, educational, legal, military, and political condition of the people based on original and contemporaneous records |date=1910 |publisher=New York Putnam |others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref> These accusations were made publicly, and ''"declaring in a very loud voice that Eleanor had been and still was a witch' in New Kent County"'' in King & Queen County (formerly New Kent), where Ellinor had lived for approximately thirty years.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1942 |title=Notes and Queries |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4245206?seq=7 |journal=The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=360–369 |issn=0042-6636}}</ref> On 11 June, the jury acquitted Ellinor and found Ball guilty of defamation.
== Defamation Suit: Morris v. Ball ==
[[Essex County, Virginia|Essex County]], Virginia Court Records (formerly encompassing parts of King & Queen Co and New Kent) Order Book 1692-1695 recorded the action against Ann Ball and her husband William following the not-verdict of Ellinor Morris. The Morrises demanded 5,000 pounds of tobacco to be paid in damages. The jury ultimately found Ann Ball guilty of defamation and to paid a reduced charge of 500 pounds of tobacco.
''"William Morris and Ellinor his wife complain against William Ball and Ann his wife for that, that is to say, the complainant Ellinor Morris hath for this thirty years or thereabout now past lived in New Kent County, now King and Queen County within this Colony of Virginia: and it is and hath been hitherto of good name, fame, credit and reputation and never was guilty of any conjuration, witchcraft, or enchantment, charm or sorcery or any other just act or acts whereby to hurt anybody in their lives, liberties, or estate but is and ever was free from all and every such like offenses and from any spot, blemish, or suspicion of them or any of them did always live and remain unspotted, which premises are very well known to these defendants.''
''William Ball and Ann his wife, yet she the said Ann Ball out of an evil intent and malicious design to deprive and destroy the good name, credit, and reputation of the complainants and to bring them into hatred and contempt did, to wit, on the 23rd day of April last or thereabouts and at divers times and places within this county in the presence and hearing of divers of their Majesties' liege people with a loud voice publicly and maliciously utter and declare these false, feigned, scandalous, and malicious words of the complainants (viz.) that the complainant Ellinor Morris was and is a witch and she had bewitched her, the defendant, and had ridden her several days and nights almost to death that of her life she did despair and said that she would prove it with many other false words and scandalous speeches against the complainants' good name, credit, and reputation to their damage of five thousand pounds of tobacco and cask for which they prayed judgment with costs.''
''To which the defendants, by Mr. Thomas Grigson and Mr. Robert Coleman their attorneys appeared and for plea say not guilty in manner and form; whereupon the matter for trial is referred to a jury who (viz.) Robert Halsey, Richard Covington, Thomas Cockin, James Hinds, Edward Rowsie, Samuel Griffing, Thomas Davis, William Jones, John Williams, Nicholas Copeland, Robert Pley and Samuel Thacker, being sworn for verdict.''
''We the jury find for the plaintiffs five hundred pounds of tobacco damage, which (upon the plaintiffs' motion by James Boughan their attorney) is recorded and judgment granted the defendants for the said five hundred pounds of tobacco damage to be paid with costs."''
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Trials in Virginia]]
[[Category:Essex County, Virginia]]
[[Category:Witch trials in North America]]
| 1,266,057,266
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[]
| false
|
# 1902–03 East Stirlingshire F.C. season
The 1902–03 season was East Stirlingshire Football Club's third season in the Scottish Football League, being admitted to the Scottish Football League Second Division. The club also competed in the Scottish Cup and the minor Stirlingshire Cup.
## Fixtures and results
Win
Draw
Loss
Postponed
### Scottish Second Division
| 16 August 1902 Second Division | East Stirlingshire | 4 – 1 | Raith Rovers | Merchiston Park, Bainsford |
| | , | | | Attendance: 3,000 |
| 23 August 1902 Second Division | Leith Athletic | 1 – 4 | East Stirlingshire | Chancelot Park, Leith |
| | | | , | |
| 30 August 1902 Second Division | East Stirlingshire | 0 – 2 | Falkirk | Merchiston Park, Bainsford |
| | | | , | Attendance: 4,000 |
| 13 September 1902 Second Division | St Bernard's | 3 – 1 | East Stirlingshire | Royal Gymnasium Ground, Edinburgh |
| | , | | | Attendance: 150 |
| 27 September 1902 Second Division | East Stirlingshire | 1 – 2 | Arthurlie | Merchiston Park, Bainsford |
| | | | , | |
| 4 October 1902 Second Division | Clyde | 0 – 1 | East Stirlingshire | Shawfield, Rutherglen |
| | | | | |
| 11 October 1902 Second Division | East Stirlingshire | 2 – 1 | Motherwell | Merchiston Park, Bainsford |
| | , | | | Attendance: 2,000 |
| 18 October 1902 Second Division | Arthurlie | 2 – 1 | East Stirlingshire | Dunterlie Park, Glasgow |
| | , | | | |
| 25 October 1902 Second Division | East Stirlingshire | 5 – 2 | Ayr | Merchiston Park, Bainsford |
| | , | | , | Attendance: 1,500 |
| 1 November 1902 Second Division | Airdrieonians | 2 – 0 | East Stirlingshire | Broomfield Park, Airdrie, Lanarkshire |
| | , | | | |
| 8 November 1902 Second Division | East Stirlingshire | 2 – 5 | Hamilton Academical | Merchiston Park, Bainsford |
| | , | | , | Attendance: 1,200 |
| 15 November 1902 Second Division | Abercorn | 3 – 2 | East Stirlingshire | Old Ralston Park, Paisley |
| | , | | , | |
| 22 November 1902 Second Division | East Stirlingshire | 4 – 1 | St Bernard's | Merchiston Park, Bainsford |
| | , | | | |
| 29 November 1902 Second Division | Hamilton Academical | 3 – 1 | East Stirlingshire | Douglas Park, Hamilton |
| | , | | , | Attendance: 800 |
| 6 December 1902 Second Division | East Stirlingshire | 0 – 0 | Airdrieonians | Merchiston Park, Bainsford |
| | | | | Attendance: 3,000 |
| 13 December 1902 Second Division | Ayr | 1 – 0 | East Stirlingshire | Somerset Park, Ayr |
| | | | | Attendance: 1,000 |
| 20 December 1902 Second Division | East Stirlingshire | 6 – 4 | Abercorn | Merchiston Park, Bainsford |
| | , | | , | Attendance: 1,500 |
| 27 December 1902 Second Division | East Stirlingshire | 3 – 2 | Clyde | Merchiston Park, Bainsford |
| | , | | , | Attendance: 1,200 |
| 3 January 1903 Second Division | East Stirlingshire | 5 – 1 | Leith Athletic | Merchiston Park, Bainsford |
| | , | | | Attendance: 1,500 |
| 31 January 1903 Second Division | Raith Rovers | 1 – 0 | East Stirlingshire | Stark's Park, Kirkcaldy |
| | | | | Attendance: 1,500 |
| 28 February 1903 Second Division | Falkirk | 2 – 2 | East Stirlingshire | Brockville Park, Falkirk |
| | , | | , | Attendance: 1,000 |
| 18 April 1903 Second Division | Motherwell | 2 – 2 | East Stirlingshire | Fir Park, Motherwell |
| | , | | , | Attendance: 3,000 |
## Table
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | ------------------- | --- | -- | - | -- | -- | -- | --- | --- |
| 6 | Falkirk | 22 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 39 | 37 | +2 | 23 |
| 6 | Hamilton Academical | 22 | 11 | 1 | 10 | 45 | 35 | +10 | 23 |
| 8 | East Stirlingshire | 22 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 46 | 41 | +5 | 21 |
| 9 | Arthurlie | 22 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 34 | 46 | −12 | 20 |
| 10 | Abercorn | 22 | 5 | 2 | 15 | 35 | 58 | −23 | 12 |
### Results by round
| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| -------- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ground | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | H | A | A | A |
| Result | W | W | L | L | L | W | W | L | W | L | L | L | W | L | D | L | W | W | W | L | D | D |
| Position | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
### Other
#### Stirlingshire Cup
| 24 January 1903 Round 1 | East Stirlingshire | 9 - 0 | Camelon | Merchiston Park, Bainsford |
| | , | | | |
| 14 February 1903 Semi-final | Falkirk | 1 – 3 | East Stirlingshire | Brockville Park, Falkirk |
| | | | , | |
| 28 March 1903 Final | East Stirlingshire | 0 – 0 | Stenhousemuir | Brockville Park, Falkirk |
| 4 April 1903 Final replay | East Stirlingshire | 3 – 0 | Stenhousemuir | Merchiston Park, Bainsford |
| | , | | | Attendance: 4,000 |
|
enwiki/48757168
|
enwiki
| 48,757,168
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1902–03 East Stirlingshire F.C. season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1902%E2%80%9303_East_Stirlingshire_F.C._season
|
2025-02-13T17:31:44Z
|
en
|
Q22097655
| 232,903
|
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
| season = [[1902–03 in Scottish football|1902–03]]
| mgrtitle =
| manager =
| chairman =
| stadium = [[Merchiston Park]]
| league = [[Scottish Football League Second Division]]
| league result = [[1902–03 Scottish Second Division|8th]]
| cup1 = [[Stirlingshire Cup]]
| cup1 result = Winners<ref name="Stirlingshire_Cup">[http://scottish-football-historical-archive.com/stirlingcup.htm Stirlingshire Cup - Winners] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130171412/http://scottish-football-historical-archive.com/stirlingcup.htm |date=2013-01-30 }}, Scottish Football Historical Archive. Retrieved 7 December 2015.</ref>
| league topscorer =
| season topscorer =
| highest attendance = {{circa}} 4,000 v. [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]]<br /><small>(30 August 1902, Division Two)</small><ref name="History_1900-1940">{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20121231214847/http://www.eaststirlingshirefc.com/the-club/club-history/1900-1940/ Club History - 1900-1940]}}, [[East Stirlingshire F.C.]] Retrieved 7 December 2015.</ref><ref name="London_Hearts_1900">[http://www.londonhearts.com/scores/a1900/eaststirlingshire1901.htm Results for East Stirlingshire for 1902-03], ''londonhearts.com''. Retrieved 7 December 2015.</ref>
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[1901–02 East Stirlingshire F.C. season|1901–02]]
| nextseason = [[1903–04 East Stirlingshire F.C. season|1903–04]]
}}
The '''[[1902–03 in Scottish football|1902–03 season]]''' was '''[[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire Football Club]]'s''' [[List of East Stirlingshire F.C. seasons|third season]] in the [[Scottish Football League]], being admitted to the [[Scottish Football League Second Division]].<ref name="Historical Kits">[http://www.historicalkits.co.uk/Scottish_Football_League/East_Stirlingshire/East_Stirlingshire.htm East Stirlingshire], Historical Football Kits. Retrieved 7 December 2015.</ref> The club also competed in the [[Scottish Cup]] and the minor [[Stirlingshire Cup]].<ref name="Stirlingshire_Cup"/>
==Fixtures and results==
{{legend2|#ccffcc|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#ffffcc|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#ffcccc|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#cccccc|Postponed|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
===Scottish Second Division===
{{Main|1902–03 Scottish Second Division}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date = 16 August 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|score = 4 – 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Merchiston Park]], [[Bainsford]]
|attendance = 3,000
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date = 23 August 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[Leith Athletic F.C.|Leith Athletic]]
|score = 1 – 4
|report =
|team2 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Chancelot Park]], [[Leith]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date = 30 August 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|score = 0 – 2
|report =
|team2 = [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Merchiston Park]], [[Bainsford]]
|attendance = 4,000
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date = 13 September 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[St Bernard's F.C.|St Bernard's]]
|score = 3 – 1
|report =
|team2 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Royal Gymnasium Ground]], [[Edinburgh]]
|attendance = 150
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date = 27 September 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|score = 1 – 2
|report =
|team2 = [[Arthurlie F.C.|Arthurlie]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Merchiston Park]], [[Bainsford]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date = 4 October 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[Clyde F.C.|Clyde]]
|score = 0 – 1
|report =
|team2 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Shawfield Stadium|Shawfield]], [[Rutherglen]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date = 11 October 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|score = 2 – 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Merchiston Park]], [[Bainsford]]
|attendance = 2,000
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date = 18 October 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[Arthurlie F.C.|Arthurlie]]
|score = 2 – 1
|report =
|team2 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Dunterlie Park]], [[Barrhead|Glasgow]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date = 25 October 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|score = 5 – 2
|report =
|team2 = [[Ayr F.C.|Ayr]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Merchiston Park]], [[Bainsford]]
|attendance = 1,500
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date = 1 November 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[Airdrieonians F.C. (1878)|Airdrieonians]]
|score = 2 – 0
|report =
|team2 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Broomfield Park]], [[Airdrie, North Lanarkshire|Airdrie]], [[Lanarkshire]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date = 8 November 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|score = 2 – 5
|report =
|team2 = [[Hamilton Academical F.C.|Hamilton Academical]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Merchiston Park]], [[Bainsford]]
|attendance = 1,200
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date = 15 November 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[Abercorn F.C.|Abercorn]]
|score = 3 – 2
|report =
|team2 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Old Ralston Park]], [[Paisley, Renfrewshire|Paisley]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date = 22 November 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|score = 4 – 1
|report =
|team2 = [[St Bernard's F.C.|St Bernard's]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Merchiston Park]], [[Bainsford]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date = 29 November 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[Hamilton Academical F.C.|Hamilton Academical]]
|score = 3 – 1
|report =
|team2 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}},
|stadium = [[Douglas Park]], [[Hamilton, South Lanarkshire|Hamilton]]
|attendance = 800
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = D
|date = 6 December 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|score = 0 – 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Airdrieonians F.C. (1878)|Airdrieonians]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Merchiston Park]], [[Bainsford]]
|attendance = 3,000
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date = 13 December 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[Ayr F.C.|Ayr]]
|score = 1 – 0
|report =
|team2 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Somerset Park]], [[Ayr]]
|attendance = 1,000
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date = 20 December 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|score = 6 – 4
|report =
|team2 = [[Abercorn F.C.|Abercorn]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Merchiston Park]], [[Bainsford]]
|attendance = 1,500
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date = 27 December 1902
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|score = 3 – 2
|report =
|team2 = [[Clyde F.C.|Clyde]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Merchiston Park]], [[Bainsford]]
|attendance = 1,200
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date = 3 January 1903
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|score = 5 – 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Leith Athletic F.C.|Leith Athletic]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Merchiston Park]], [[Bainsford]]
|attendance = 1,500
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = L
|date = 31 January 1903
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]]
|score = 1 – 0
|report =
|team2 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Stark's Park]], [[Kirkcaldy]]
|attendance = 1,500
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = D
|date = 28 February 1903
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]]
|score = 2 – 2
|report =
|team2 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Brockville Park]], [[Falkirk]]
|attendance = 1,000
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = D
|date = 18 April 1903
|time =
|round = [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Second Division]]
|team1 = [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]]
|score = 2 – 2
|report =
|team2 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Fir Park]], [[Motherwell]]
|attendance = 3,000
|referee =
}}
==Table==
{{:1902–03 Scottish Division Two|showteam=EST}}
===Results by round===
{{#invoke:sports rbr table|table|legendpos=b
|header=Round
|label1= Ground
| res1=H /A /H /A /H /A /H /A /H /A /H /A /H /A /H /A /H /H /H /A /A /A
|label2= Result
| res2=W /W /L /L /L /W /W /L /W /L /L /L /W /L /D /L /W /W /W /L /D /D
|label3= Position
| res3=1 /1 /3 /6 /6 /6 /4 /5 /3 /4 /5 /7 /6 /7 /7 /7 /6 /6 /6 /6 /7 /8
<!-- -->
|text_H=Home|text_A=Away
|color_W=green2|text_W=Win
|color_D=yellow2|text_D=Draw
|color_L=red2|text_L=Loss
|color_1=1st|color_2=2nd|color_3=3rd|color_18-=red1
|source=[http://www.statto.com/football/teams/east-stirlingshire/1902-1903 statto.com]
|date=January 2013
}}
===Other===
====Stirlingshire Cup====
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date = 24 January 1903
|time =
|round = Round 1
|team1 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|score = 9 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Camelon F.C.|Camelon]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Merchiston Park]], [[Bainsford]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date = 14 February 1903
|time =
|round = Semi-final
|team1 = [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]]
|score = 1 – 3
|report =
|team2 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}
|goals2 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Brockville Park]], [[Falkirk]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = D
|date = 28 March 1903
|time =
|round = Final
|team1 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|score = 0 – 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Stenhousemuir F.C.|Stenhousemuir]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Brockville Park]], [[Falkirk]]
|attendance =
|referee =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|result = W
|date = 4 April 1903
|time =
|round = Final replay
|team1 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
|score = 3 – 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Stenhousemuir F.C.|Stenhousemuir]]
|goals1 = {{goal}}, {{goal}}, {{goal}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Merchiston Park]], [[Bainsford]]
|attendance = 4,000
|referee =
}}
==See also==
*[[List of East Stirlingshire F.C. seasons]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110810110359/http://www.eaststirlingshirefc.com/ East Stirlingshire FC official site]}}
{{East Stirlingshire F.C. seasons}}
{{1902–03 in Scottish football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1902-03 East Stirlingshire F.C. season}}
[[Category:East Stirlingshire F.C. seasons]]
[[Category:Scottish football clubs 1902–03 season|East Stirlingshire]]
| 1,275,543,767
|
[{"title": "East Stirlingshire", "data": {"Stadium": "Merchiston Park", "Scottish Football League Second Division": "8th", "Stirlingshire Cup": "Winners", "Highest home attendance": "c. 4,000 v. Falkirk \u00b7 (30 August 1902, Division Two)"}}]
| false
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# 1854 in Scotland
Events from the year 1854 in Scotland.
## Incumbents
### Law officers
- Lord Advocate – James Moncreiff
- Solicitor General for Scotland – James Craufurd
### Judiciary
- Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General – Lord Colonsay
- Lord Justice Clerk – Lord Glencorse
## Events
- 1 January – Victoria Bridge, Glasgow, opened over the River Clyde at Stockwell Street, replacing the Bishop's Bridge.[1]
- July – first voyage by a seagoing steamship fitted with a compound steam engine, the screw steamer Brandon, built on the River Clyde by John Elder.[2]
- 10 August – Merchant Shipping Act 1854 vests management of Scottish lighthouses in the Northern Lighthouse Board (among other provisions).
- 15 September – new North Ronaldsay lighthouse, designed by Alan Stevenson, first illuminated.
- 20 September – Aberdeen Kittybrewster railway station opened to serve the Great North of Scotland Railway main line to Keith.
- 11 October – temporary North Unst Lighthouse on Muckle Flugga (Shetland), designed by brothers Thomas and David Stevenson, first illuminated.
- 24 October – The Thin Red Line: a military action by the Sutherland Highlanders red-coated 93rd (Highland) Regiment at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War.[3] Pipe Major John MacLeod has during this campaign transcribed the tune "The Green Hills of Tyrol" for the bagpipes.[4]
- November – The Orcadian newspaper begins publication in Kirkwall.
- Brown and Polson's patent corn flour first produced, in Paisley.[5]
## Births
- 27 January – George Alexander Gibson, physician and geologist (died 1913)
- 16 February – Horatio Brown, Nice-born historian of Venice (died 1926 in Italy)
- 25 March – Alexander Reid, art dealer (died 1928)
- 31 March – Dugald Clerk, mechanical engineer, inventor of the two-stroke engine (died 1932 in England)
- 17 May – Donald MacAlister, physician and academic (died 1934 in England)
- 8 June – Eustace Balfour, architect (died 1911)
- 21 July – David Alan Stevenson, lighthouse designer (died 1938)
- 21 August – James Paterson, painter (died 1932)
- 17 September – David Dunbar Buick, automobile engineer (died 1929 in the United States)
- 2 October – Patrick Geddes, town planner (died 1932 in France)
- 22 October – Robert Urie, steam locomotive engineer (died 1937)
- 27 October – William Alexander Smith, businessman and founder of the Boys' Brigade (died 1914 in England)
- Cynicus (Martin Anderson), satirical cartoonist and postcard publisher (died 1932)
- William Lithgow, shipbuilder (died 1908)
- Neil Kennedy, Lord Kennedy, Chairman of the Scottish Land Court 1912-18 (died 1918)
## Deaths
- 17 February – William Mitchell, coalowner (born 1781)
- 3 April – John Wilson, writer (born 1785)
- 19 September – Peter Buchan, printer and collector of folk literature (born 1790)
- 6 October – Archibald Bell, lawyer and writer (born 1776)
- 25 November – John Gibson Lockhart, writer and editor (born 1794)
|
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|
enwiki
| 39,794,443
|
1854 in Scotland
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1854_in_Scotland
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2024-07-18T12:17:03Z
|
en
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Q16147096
| 214,375
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2016}}
{{Year in Scotland| 1854 }}
Events from the year '''1854 in [[Scotland]]'''.
== Incumbents ==
{{further|Politics of Scotland|Order of precedence in Scotland}}
=== Law officers ===
* [[Lord Advocate]] – [[James Moncreiff, 1st Baron Moncreiff|James Moncreiff]]
* [[Solicitor General for Scotland]] – [[James Craufurd, Lord Ardmillan|James Craufurd]]
=== Judiciary ===
* [[Lord President of the Court of Session]] and [[Lord Justice General]] – [[Duncan McNeill, 1st Baron Colonsay|Lord Colonsay]]
* [[Lord Justice Clerk]] – [[John Inglis, Lord Glencorse|Lord Glencorse]]
== Events ==
* [[1 January]] – [[Victoria Bridge, Glasgow]], opened over the [[River Clyde]] at Stockwell Street, replacing the Bishop's Bridge.<ref>{{cite web|title=Glasgow, Stockwell Street, Victoria Bridge|url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/44283/details/glasgow+stockwell+street+victoria+bridge/|work=Canmore|publisher=Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland|year=2007|access-date=2014-07-10}}</ref>
* July – first voyage by a seagoing [[steamship]] fitted with a [[compound steam engine]], the [[Propeller (marine)|screw]] steamer ''Brandon'', built on the [[River Clyde]] by [[John Elder (shipbuilder)|John Elder]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk/mlemen/mlemen031.htm|page=118|access-date=2011-06-16|title=Memoirs and portraits of one hundred Glasgow men|chapter=John Elder, 1824-1869|year=1886|location=Glasgow|publisher=James MacLehose & Sons}}</ref>
* [[10 August]] – [[Merchant Shipping Act 1854]] vests management of Scottish lighthouses in the [[Northern Lighthouse Board]] (among other provisions).
* [[15 September]] – new [[North Ronaldsay]] lighthouse, designed by [[Alan Stevenson]], first illuminated.
* [[20 September]] – [[Aberdeen Kittybrewster railway station]] opened to serve the [[Great North of Scotland Railway]] main line to [[Keith railway station|Keith]].
* [[11 October]] – temporary [[Muckle Flugga Lighthouse|North Unst Lighthouse]] on [[Muckle Flugga]] ([[Shetland]]), designed by brothers [[Thomas Stevenson|Thomas]] and [[David Stevenson (engineer)|David Stevenson]], first illuminated.
* [[24 October]] – [[The Thin Red Line (Battle of Balaclava)|The Thin Red Line]]: a military action by the [[Sutherland Highlanders]] red-coated [[93rd Regiment of Foot|93rd (Highland) Regiment]] at the [[Battle of Balaclava]] during the [[Crimean War]].<ref>[http://www.argylls.co.uk/history/the-93rd-sutherland-highlanders-1799-1881/thin-red-line-1854/236-qthe-thin-red-lineq-balaklava-1854 Overview, "The Thin Red Line" Balaklava, 1854] www.argylls.co.uk, accessed 29 June 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130602060111/http://www.argylls.co.uk/history/the-93rd-sutherland-highlanders-1799-1881/thin-red-line-1854/236-qthe-thin-red-lineq-balaklava-1854 Archived] 2013-07-02.</ref> Pipe Major John MacLeod has during this campaign transcribed the tune "[[A Scottish Soldier|The Green Hills of Tyrol]]" for the [[bagpipes]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Green Hills of Tyrol |work=Tunes of Glory |url=http://kilby.sac.on.ca/ActivitiesClubs/cadets/Piping/GreenHillsofTyrol.htm |access-date=2014-05-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231657/https://kilby.sac.on.ca/ActivitiesClubs/cadets/Piping/GreenHillsofTyrol.htm |archive-date=12 May 2014 }}</ref>
* November – ''[[The Orcadian]]'' newspaper begins publication in [[Kirkwall]].
* Brown and Polson's patent [[Cornstarch|corn flour]] first produced, in [[Paisley, Renfrewshire|Paisley]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Maurice|last=Baren|title=How Household Names Began|location=London|publisher=Michael O'Mara Books|year=1997|isbn=1-85479-257-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/howhouseholdname0000bare/page/26 26–8]|url=https://archive.org/details/howhouseholdname0000bare/page/26}}</ref>
== Births ==
* [[27 January]] – [[George Alexander Gibson]], physician and geologist (died [[1913 in Scotland|1913]])
* [[16 February]] – [[Horatio Brown]], Nice-born historian of Venice (died [[1926 in Italy]])
* [[25 March]] – [[Alexander Reid (art dealer)|Alexander Reid]], art dealer (died [[1928 in Scotland|1928]])
* [[31 March]] – [[Dugald Clerk]], mechanical engineer, inventor of the [[two-stroke engine]] (died 1932 in England)
* [[17 May]] – [[Donald MacAlister]], physician and academic (died 1934 in England)
* [[8 June]] – [[Eustace Balfour]], architect (died [[1911 in Scotland|1911]])
* [[21 July]] – [[David Alan Stevenson]], lighthouse designer (died [[1938 in Scotland|1938]])
* [[21 August]] – [[James Paterson (painter)|James Paterson]], painter (died [[1932 in Scotland|1932]])
* [[17 September]] – [[David Dunbar Buick]], automobile engineer (died [[1929 in the United States]])
* [[2 October]] – [[Patrick Geddes]], town planner (died [[1932 in France]])
* [[22 October]] – [[Robert Urie]], steam locomotive engineer (died [[1937 in Scotland|1937]])
* [[27 October]] – [[William Alexander Smith (Boys' Brigade)|William Alexander Smith]], businessman and founder of the [[Boys' Brigade]] (died 1914 in England)
* [[Cynicus]] (Martin Anderson), satirical cartoonist and postcard publisher (died [[1932 in Scotland|1932]])
* [[William Lithgow (shipbuilder)|William Lithgow]], shipbuilder (died [[1908 in Scotland|1908]])
* [[Neil Kennedy, Lord Kennedy]], Chairman of the Scottish Land Court 1912-18 (died [[1918 in Scotland|1918]])
== Deaths ==
* [[17 February]] – [[William Mitchell (Scottish entrepreneur)|William Mitchell]], coalowner (born [[1781 in Scotland|1781]])
* [[3 April]] – [[John Wilson (Scottish writer)|John Wilson]], writer (born [[1785 in Scotland|1785]])
* [[19 September]] – [[Peter Buchan]], printer and collector of folk literature (born [[1790 in Scotland|1790]])
* [[6 October]] – [[Archibald Bell (writer)|Archibald Bell]], lawyer and writer (born [[1776 in Scotland|1776]])
* [[25 November]] – [[John Gibson Lockhart]], writer and editor (born [[1794 in Scotland|1794]])
== See also ==
* [[Timeline of Scottish history]]
* [[1854 in Ireland]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Years in Scotland}}
[[Category:1854 in Scotland| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in Scotland]]
[[Category:1854 in the United Kingdom|Scotland]]
[[Category:1850s in Scotland]]
| 1,235,258,857
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1853 - 1852 - 1851 - 1850 - 1849": "1854 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Scotland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1855 - 1856 - 1857 - 1858 - 1859", "Centuries": "17th 18th 19th 20th 21st", "Decades": "1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s", "See also": "List of years in Scotland \u00b7 Timeline of Scottish history \u00b7 1854 in: The UK \u2022 Wales \u2022 Elsewhere"}}]
| false
|
# .32 NAA
The .32 NAA is a cartridge/firearm 'system' designed and developed by the partnership of North American Arms and Corbon Ammunition. The cartridge is a .380 ACP case necked-down to hold a .32 caliber bullet with the goal of improved ballistic performance over the .32 ACP.
## History and design
Bottleneck handgun cartridge designs experienced early success and have had continuing development since at least the 7.65×25mm Borchardt or earlier, which led to the development of the 7.63×25mm Mauser (also known as the .30 Mauser), followed by the 7.62×25mm Tokarev. The benefits of bottleneck designs include smooth feeding and chambering and simple, robust headspacing.
The .32 NAA uses the .312" diameter bullet of the .32 S&W, .32 S&W Long, .32 H&R Magnum, and .327 Federal Magnum, and .32 ACP.
The .32 NAA is one of the most recent of a line of commercial bottleneck handgun cartridges. Renewed western interest in bottleneck handgun cartridges began with the .357 SIG in 1994 (necking a .40 S&W case down to a .355 bullet); followed by the .400 Corbon in 1996 (necking a .45 ACP case down to hold a .40 cal. bullet); and then the .25 NAA in 1999 (necking a .32 ACP case down to hold a .25 caliber bullet). 2015 saw the introduction of the 7.5 FK bottleneck cartridge by the Czech company FK BRNO.
## Performance
The cartridge delivers in excess of 1,222 ft/s (372 m/s) velocity to a 60 grain (3.9 gram) proprietary bullet from Hornady. This generates 199 ft⋅lbf (270 J) of energy from the 2.5" Guardian barrel (1453 ft/s & 287 ft⋅lbf (389 J) from a 4" test barrel).
According to Phil W. Johnston, the 60 gr Corbon cartridge averaged 1204 fps, with an extreme spread of 69 fps and a standard deviation of 19 fps, for 193.09 ft-lbs of energy. When fired at ballistic gelatin, he obtained 6.25" of penetration, with expansion to 0.528" and 72% weight retention.
Extreme Shock Ammunition offers an "Enhanced Penetration Round" that sends a 60 gr. bullet at 1196 fps for 190 ft lbs of energy.
In fall 2012, Hornady released a .32 NAA Critical Defense load that propels a relatively heavy (thus higher sectional density), 80 grain JHP FTX bullet at 1,000 fps.
## Handguns
The North American Arms Guardian .32 NAA is designed around this cartridge.
Diamondback Firearms offers .32 NAA conversion barrels (2.8") for their DB380 pistols.
Makarov.com once stocked barrels of two different lengths for converting Makarov pistols to .32 NAA.
|
enwiki/6490456
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enwiki
| 6,490,456
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.32 NAA
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.32_NAA
|
2024-08-26T02:14:23Z
|
en
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Q4545265
| 41,771
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{{Short description|Cartridge/firearm system developed by North American Arms and Corbon Ammunition}}
{{Infobox Firearm Cartridge
|name= .32 NAA
|image= .32 NAA sketch.png
|caption= .32 NAA cartridge basic sketch.
|origin= United States
|type= Pistol
<!-- Service history -->
|service=
|used_by=
|wars=
<!-- Production history -->
|designer= North American Arms / Ed Sanow
|design_date=1996
|manufacturer=North American Arms
|production_date=2002–present
|number=
|variants=
<!-- Specifications -->
|is_SI_specs=
|parent=[[.380 ACP]]
|case_type=Rimless, bottlenecked
|bullet=.3129
|neck=.3365
|shoulder=.3729
|base=.3740
|rim_dia=.3740
|rim_thick=.045
|case_length=.680
|length=.984
|case_capacity=10.5
|rifling=1 in {{convert|16|in|mm|abbr=on}}
|primer=small pistol
|max_pressure=25700
|max_cup=
|filling=
|filling_weight=
|detonation=
|yield=
<!-- Ballistic performance -->
|is_SI_ballistics=
|bw1=60
|btype1=JHP
|vel1=1222
|en1=199
|bw2=71
|btype2=FMJ
|vel2=1000
|en2=158
|bw3=
|btype3=
|vel3=
|en3=
|bw4=
|btype4=
|vel4=
|en4=
|bw5=
|btype5=
|vel5=
|en5=
|test_barrel_length=2.5
|balsrc= Cartridges of the World <ref name="cotw">''Cartridges of the World 11th Edition'', Book by Frank C. Barnes, Edited by Stan Skinner, Gun Digest Books, 2006, {{ISBN|0-89689-297-2}} p.291</ref>
}}
The '''.32 NAA''' is a cartridge/firearm 'system' designed and developed by the partnership of [[North American Arms]] and [[Cor-Bon|Corbon]] Ammunition. The cartridge is a [[.380 ACP]] case necked-down to hold a .32 caliber bullet with the goal of improved ballistic performance over the [[.32 ACP]].
==History and design==
Bottleneck handgun cartridge designs experienced early success and have had continuing development since at least the [[7.65×25mm Borchardt]] or earlier, which led to the development of the [[7.63×25mm Mauser]] (also known as the .30 Mauser), followed by the [[7.62×25mm Tokarev]]. The benefits of bottleneck designs include smooth feeding and chambering and simple, robust headspacing.
The .32 NAA uses the .312" diameter bullet of the [[.32 S&W]], [[.32 S&W Long]], [[.32 H&R Magnum]], and [[.327 Federal Magnum]], and [[.32 ACP]].
The .32 NAA is one of the most recent of a line of commercial bottleneck handgun cartridges. Renewed western interest in bottleneck handgun cartridges began with the [[.357 SIG]] in 1994 (necking a [[.40 S&W]] case down to a .355 bullet); followed by the [[.400 Corbon]] in 1996 (necking a [[.45 ACP]] case down to hold a .40 cal. bullet); and then the [[.25 NAA]] in 1999 (necking a [[.32 ACP]] case down to hold a .25 caliber bullet). 2015 saw the introduction of the [[7.5 FK]] bottleneck cartridge by the Czech company [[FK BRNO]].
==Performance==
The cartridge delivers in excess of {{convert|1222|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} velocity to a 60 grain (3.9 gram) proprietary bullet from Hornady. This generates {{convert|199|ft.lbf|J|abbr=on}} of energy from the 2.5" Guardian barrel (1453 ft/s & {{convert|287|ft.lbf|J|abbr=on}} from a 4" test barrel).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://northamericanarms.com/firearms/380guard/naa-32naa.html |title=North American Arms, 32 NAA Guardian, retrieved 2012 May 12 |access-date=2012-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504232440/http://northamericanarms.com/firearms/380guard/naa-32naa.html |archive-date=2012-05-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
According to Phil W. Johnston, the 60 gr Corbon cartridge averaged 1204 fps, with an extreme spread of 69 fps and a standard deviation of 19 fps, for 193.09 ft-lbs of energy. When fired at ballistic gelatin, he obtained 6.25" of penetration, with expansion to 0.528" and 72% weight retention.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.handgunsmag.com/2010/09/24/ammunition_32_0924/ |title=''Handguns'', "The Mouse Gun That Roared," retrieved 2012 May 12 |access-date=2012-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524061125/http://www.handgunsmag.com/2010/09/24/ammunition_32_0924/ |archive-date=2012-05-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[Extreme Shock Ammunition]] offers an "Enhanced Penetration Round" that sends a 60 gr. bullet at 1196 fps for 190 ft lbs of energy.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.extremeshockusa.com/cgistore/store.cgi?page=%2Fnew%2Fcatalog.html&setup=1&ida=63&idp=0&his=0&cart_id=9470825.2700 |title=Extreme Shock Ammunition, Enhanced Penetration Rounds, retrieved 2012 May 12 |access-date=2018-08-24 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122161758/http://www.extremeshockusa.com/cgistore/store.cgi?page=/new/catalog.html&setup=1&ida=63&idp=0&his=0&cart_id=9470825.2700 |archive-date=2013-01-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In fall 2012, Hornady released a .32 NAA Critical Defense load that propels a relatively heavy (thus higher [[sectional density]]), 80 grain JHP FTX bullet at 1,000 fps.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hornady.com/store/32-NAA-80gr-FTX-Critical-Defense |title=Hornady Manufacturing, 32 NAA 80 gr FTX Critical Defense, retrieved 2012 Nov 23 |access-date=2012-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116042642/http://www.hornady.com/store/32-NAA-80gr-FTX-Critical-Defense/ |archive-date=2012-11-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Handguns==
The [[North American Arms]] Guardian .32 NAA is designed around this cartridge.
[[Diamondback Firearms]] offers .32 NAA conversion barrels (2.8") for their DB380 pistols.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130629002345/http://diamondbackfirearms.com/product?id=12 Diamondback Firearms, .32 NAA Conversion Barrel for DB380, retrieved 2012 May 12]</ref>
Makarov.com once stocked barrels of two different lengths for converting [[Makarov pistol]]s to .32 NAA.<ref>[http://www.makarov.com/32naa/index.html Makarov.com, ''The .32 NAA Conversion for the Makarov Pistol'', retrieved 2012 May 12]</ref>
==See also==
* [[.25 NAA]]
* [[7 mm caliber]]
* [[List of handgun cartridges]]
* [[Table of handgun and rifle cartridges]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.ammo-one.com/32NAA.html 32 NAA by North American Arms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003134420/http://www.ammo-one.com/32NAA.html |date=2020-10-03 }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:32 NAA}}
[[Category:Pistol and rifle cartridges]]
[[Category:Cor-Bon cartridges]]
| 1,242,298,903
|
[{"title": ".32 NAA", "data": {"Type": "Pistol", "Place of origin": "United States"}}, {"title": "Production history", "data": {"Designer": "North American Arms / Ed Sanow", "Designed": "1996", "Manufacturer": "North American Arms", "Produced": "2002\u2013present"}}, {"title": "Specifications", "data": {"Parent case": ".380 ACP", "Case type": "Rimless, bottlenecked", "Bullet diameter": ".3129 in (7.95 mm)", "Neck diameter": ".3365 in (8.55 mm)", "Shoulder diameter": ".3729 in (9.47 mm)", "Base diameter": ".3740 in (9.50 mm)", "Rim diameter": ".3740 in (9.50 mm)", "Rim thickness": ".045 in (1.1 mm)", "Case length": ".680 in (17.3 mm)", "Overall length": ".984 in (25.0 mm)", "Case capacity": "10.5 gr H2O (0.68 cm3)", "Rifling twist": "1 in 16 in (410 mm)", "Primer type": "small pistol", "Maximum pressure": "25,700 psi (177 MPa)"}}, {"title": "Ballistic performance", "data": {"Bullet mass/type": "Velocity \u00b7 Energy", "60 gr (4 g) JHP": "1,222 ft/s (372 m/s) \u00b7 199 ft\u22c5lbf (270 J)", "71 gr (5 g) FMJ": "1,000 ft/s (300 m/s) \u00b7 158 ft\u22c5lbf (214 J)"}}]
| false
|
# 1892 in Germany
Events in the year 1892 in Germany.
## Incumbents
### National level
- Kaiser – Wilhelm II
- Chancellor – Leo von Caprivi
### State level
#### Kingdoms
- King of Bavaria – Otto
- King of Prussia – Wilhelm II
- King of Saxony – Albert
- King of Württemberg – William II
#### Grand Duchies
- Grand Duke of Baden – Frederick I
- Grand Duke of Hesse – Louis IV to 13 March, then Ernest Louis
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Frederick Francis III
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Frederick William
- Grand Duke of Oldenburg – Peter II
- Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Charles Alexander
#### Principalities
- Schaumburg-Lippe – Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Karl Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Principality of Lippe – Woldemar, Prince of Lippe
- Reuss Elder Line – Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
- Reuss Younger Line – Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
- Waldeck and Pyrmont – George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
#### Duchies
- Duke of Anhalt – Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
- Duke of Brunswick – Prince Albert of Prussia (regent)
- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg – Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha – Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen – Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
#### Colonial Governors
- Cameroon (Kamerun) – Bruno von Schuckmann (acting governor) to 5 January, then Eugen von Zimmerer (3rd term)
- German East Africa (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – Julius Freiherr von Soden
- German New Guinea (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – Fritz Rose (commissioner) to 31 August, then Georg Schmiele (Landeshauptleute of the German New Guinea Company) from 1 September
- German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – Curt von François (commissioner)
- Togoland – vacant to 4 June, then Jesko von Puttkamer (acting commissioner) (2nd term)
## Events
- 25 July – German football club Hertha BSC is founded in Berlin.
### Undated
- German Open Tennis Championships is founded in Hamburg.
- Travemünde Week in Travemünde is started.
- Berlin Philharmonic is founded in Berlin.
## Births
- 4 January – Siegfried Lehman, German-Israeli educator (died 1958)
- 14 January – Martin Niemöller, German anti-Nazi theologian and Lutheran pastor (died 1984)
- 16 January – Wilhelm von Apell, German general (died 1969)
- 18 January – Paul Rostock, German surgeon (died 1956)
- 29 January – Ernst Lubitsch, German film director (died 1947)
- 2 February – Cuno Hoffmeister, German astronomer (died 1968)
- 2 March – Felix Bressart, German actor (died 1949)
- 10 March – Hans Steinhoff, German film director (died 1945)
- 22 March – Johannes Frießner, German general (died 1971)
- 30 March – Erhard Milch, German field marshal of Luftwaffe (died 1972)
- 1 April – Anton Storch, German politician (died 1975)
- 3 April – Hans Rademacher, German mathematician (died 1969)
- 7 April – Julius Hirsch, German footballer (died 1945)
- 16 April – Dora Richter, German transgender woman, first known person to undergo complete male-to-female gender-affirming surgery (died unknown)
- 23 April – Richard Huelsenbeck, German poet and writer (died 1974)
- 30 April – Gottlob Bauknecht, German businessman (died 1976)
- 2 May:
- Trude Hesterberg, German actress (died 1967)
- Manfred von Richthofen, German fighter pilot (died 1918)
- 14 May – Theodor Burchardi, German admiral (died 1983)
- 31 May – Gregor Strasser, German Nazi politician (died 1934)
- 12 June – Ferdinand Schörner, German field marshal (died 1973)
- 22 June – Robert Ritter von Greim, German field marshal (died 1945)
- 27 June – Erich Köhler, German politician (died 1958)
- 30 June – Oswald Pohl, German S.S. officer (died 1951)
- 12 July – Harry Piel, German actor and film director (died 1963)
- 15 July – Walter Benjamin, German philosopher and cultural critic (died 1940)
- 22 July – Arthur Seyss-Inquart, German politician (died 1946)
- 15 August – Walther Nehring, German general (died 1983)
- 13 September – Victoria Louise of Prussia, German noblewoman (died 1980)
- 23 September – Lorenz Jaeger, German cardinal of Roman Catholic Church (died 1975)
- 3 October – Bernhard Schweitzer, German archaeologist (died 1966)
- 9 November – Erich Auerbach, German philologist, scholar, and literature critic (died 1957)
- 24 November – Karl Steinhoff, German politician (died 1981)
- 1 December – Walter Bathe, German swimmer (died 1959)
- 7 December – Max Ehrlich, German actor, screenwriter and humour writer (died 1944 in Auschwitz concentration camp)
- 19 December – Max Seydewitz, German politician (died 1987)
## Deaths
- Undated – William Julius Mann, theologian (born 1819)
- 7 January – Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke, German physician and physiologist (born 1819)
- 16 January – Prince Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, German general and military writer (born 1827)
- 5 February – Theodor Marsson, German botanist (born 1816)
- 13 March – Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse (born 1837)
- 14 March – Carl Siegmund Franz Credé, German gynecologist and obstetrician (born 1819)
- 21 April – Princess Alexandrine of Prussia (born 1803)
- 5 May – August Wilhelm von Hofmann, German chemist (born 1818)
- 20 June – Albert Wolff, German sculptor (born 1814)
- 5 August – Henriette Feuerbach, German author (born 1812)
- 16 October – Georg Bleibtreu, German painter (born 1828)
- 28 October – Felix Otto Dessoff, German conductor (born 1835)
- 6 November – Wilhelm Maurenbrecher, German historian (born 1838)
- 6 December – Werner von Siemens, German inventor and industrialist (born 1816)
- 28 December – Vincent Stoltenberg Lerche, Norwegian painter (born 1837).[1]
## Literature
Frank Wedekind's magnum opus drama "Das Erwachen des Fruhlings" or "Spring Awakening" is set during this year with one of the play's protagonists Wendla Bergmann's death occurring on October 27.
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892_in_Germany
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2024-09-15T23:23:16Z
|
en
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Q4556653
| 89,685
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{pp-sock|small=yes}}
{{one source|date=September 2020}}
{{Year in Germany|1892}}
Events in the year '''1892 in [[Germany]]'''.
==Incumbents==
===National level===
* [[Kaiser]] – [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]]
* [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]] – [[Leo von Caprivi]]
===State level===
====Kingdoms====
* [[King of Bavaria]] – [[Otto, King of Bavaria|Otto]]
* [[List of rulers of Prussia|King of Prussia]] – Wilhelm II
* [[King of Saxony]] – [[Albert, King of Saxony|Albert]]
* [[King of Württemberg]] – [[William II of Württemberg|William II]]
====Grand Duchies====
* [[Grand Duke of Baden]] – [[Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden|Frederick I]]
* [[Grand Duke of Hesse]] – [[Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse|Louis IV]] to 13 March, then [[Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse|Ernest Louis]]
* [[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] – [[Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg|Frederick Francis III]]
* [[Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]] – [[Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg|Frederick William]]
* [[Grand Duke of Oldenburg]] – [[Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg|Peter II]]
* [[Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]] – [[Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach|Charles Alexander]]
====Principalities====
* [[Schaumburg-Lippe]] – [[Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe]]
* [[Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]] – [[Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg|Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]]
* [[Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]] – [[Karl Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]]
* [[Principality of Lippe]] – [[Woldemar, Prince of Lippe]]
* [[Reuss Elder Line]] – [[Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz]]
* [[Reuss Younger Line]] – [[Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line]]
* [[Waldeck (state)|Waldeck and Pyrmont]] – [[George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont]]
====Duchies====
* [[Duke of Anhalt]] – [[Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt]]
* [[Duke of Brunswick]] – [[Prince Albert of Prussia (1837–1906)|Prince Albert of Prussia]] (regent)
* [[Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]] – [[Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]]
* [[Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] – [[Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]
* [[Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]] – [[Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]]
====Colonial Governors====
* [[Kamerun|Cameroon]] (Kamerun) – [[Bruno von Schuckmann]] ''(acting governor)'' to 5 January, then [[Eugen von Zimmerer]] ''(3rd term)''
* [[German East Africa]] (Deutsch-Ostafrika) – [[Julius Freiherr von Soden]]
* [[German New Guinea]] (Deutsch-Neuguinea) – [[Fritz Rose]] ''(commissioner)'' to 31 August, then [[Georg Schmiele]] ''([[Landeshauptleute]] of the German New Guinea Company'') from 1 September
* [[German South-West Africa]] (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) – [[Curt von François]] ''(commissioner)''
* [[Togoland]] – vacant to 4 June, then [[Jesko von Puttkamer]] ''(acting commissioner)'' ''(2nd term)''
==Events==
* [[25 July]] – German football club [[Hertha BSC]] is founded in Berlin.
===Undated===
* [[German Open Tennis Championships]] is founded in [[Hamburg]].
* [[Travemünde Week]] in [[Travemünde]] is started.
* [[Berlin Philharmonic]] is founded in [[Berlin]].
==Births==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[4 January]] – [[Siegfried Lehman]], German-[[Israel]]i educator (died [[1958 in Israel|1958]])
* [[14 January]] – [[Martin Niemöller]], German anti-Nazi theologian and Lutheran pastor (died [[1984 in Germany|1984]])
* [[16 January]] – [[Wilhelm von Apell]], German general (died [[1969 in Germany|1969]])
* [[18 January]] – [[Paul Rostock]], German surgeon (died [[1956 in Germany|1956]])
* [[29 January]] – [[Ernst Lubitsch]], German film director (died [[1947 in Germany|1947]])
* [[2 February]] – [[Cuno Hoffmeister]], German astronomer (died [[1968 in Germany|1968]])
* [[2 March]] – [[Felix Bressart]], German actor (died [[1949 in the United States|1949]])
* [[10 March]] – [[Hans Steinhoff]], German film director (died [[1945 in Germany|1945]])
* [[22 March]] – [[Johannes Frießner]], German general (died [[1971 in Germany|1971]])
* [[30 March]] – [[Erhard Milch]], German field marshal of Luftwaffe (died [[1972 in Germany|1972]])
* [[1 April]] – [[Anton Storch]], German politician (died [[1975 in Germany|1975]])
* [[3 April]] – [[Hans Rademacher]], German mathematician (died [[1969 in the United States|1969]])
* [[7 April]] – [[Julius Hirsch]], German footballer (died [[1945 in Poland|1945]])
* [[16 April]] – [[Dora Richter]], German transgender woman, first known person to undergo complete male-to-female [[gender-affirming surgery]] (died unknown)
* [[23 April]] – [[Richard Huelsenbeck]], German poet and writer (died [[1974 in Germany|1974]])
* [[30 April]] – [[Gottlob Bauknecht]], German businessman (died [[1976 in Germany|1976]])
* [[2 May]]:
** [[Trude Hesterberg]], German actress (died [[1967 in Germany|1967]])
** [[Manfred von Richthofen]], German fighter pilot (died [[1918 in Germany|1918]])
* [[14 May]] – [[Theodor Burchardi]], German admiral (died [[1983 in Germany|1983]])
* [[31 May]] – [[Gregor Strasser]], German Nazi politician (died [[1934 in Germany|1934]])
* [[12 June]] – [[Ferdinand Schörner]], German field marshal (died [[1973 in Germany|1973]])
* [[22 June]] – [[Robert Ritter von Greim]], German field marshal (died [[1945 in Austria|1945]])
* [[27 June]] – [[Erich Köhler]], German politician (died [[1958 in Germany|1958]])
* [[30 June]] – [[Oswald Pohl]], German S.S. officer (died [[1951 in Germany|1951]])
* [[12 July]] – [[Harry Piel]], German actor and film director (died [[1963 in Germany|1963]])
* [[15 July]] – [[Walter Benjamin]], German philosopher and cultural critic (died [[1940 in Spain|1940]])
* [[22 July]] – [[Arthur Seyss-Inquart]], German politician (died [[1946 in Germany|1946]])
* [[15 August]] – [[Walther Nehring]], German general (died [[1983 in Germany|1983]])
* [[13 September]] – [[Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia|Victoria Louise of Prussia]], German noblewoman (died [[1980 in Germany|1980]])
* [[23 September]] – [[Lorenz Jaeger]], German cardinal of Roman Catholic Church (died [[1975 in Germany|1975]])
* [[3 October]] – [[Bernhard Schweitzer]], German archaeologist (died [[1966 in Germany|1966]])
* [[9 November]] – [[Erich Auerbach]], German philologist, scholar, and literature critic (died [[1957 in the United States|1957]])
* [[24 November]] – [[Karl Steinhoff]], German politician (died [[1981 in Germany|1981]])
* [[1 December]] – [[Walter Bathe]], German swimmer (died [[1959 in Germany|1959]])
* [[7 December]] – [[Max Ehrlich]], German actor, screenwriter and humour writer (died [[1944]] in [[Auschwitz concentration camp]])
* [[19 December]] – [[Max Seydewitz]], German politician (died [[1987 in Germany|1987]])
{{div col end}}
==Deaths==
{{Expand section|date=July 2011}}
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* ''Undated'' – [[William Julius Mann]], theologian (born [[1819 in Germany|1819]])
* [[7 January]] – [[Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke]], German physician and physiologist (born [[1819 in Germany|1819]])
* [[16 January]] – [[Prince Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen]], German general and military writer (born [[1827 in Germany|1827]])
* [[5 February]] – [[Theodor Marsson]], German botanist (born [[1816 in Germany|1816]])
* [[13 March]] – [[Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse|Louis IV]], [[Grand Duke of Hesse|Grand Duke]] of [[Hesse]] (born [[1837 in Germany|1837]])
* [[14 March]] – [[Carl Siegmund Franz Credé]], German gynecologist and obstetrician (born [[1819 in Germany|1819]])
* [[21 April]] – [[Princess Alexandrine of Prussia (1803–1892)|Princess Alexandrine of Prussia]] (born [[1803 in Germany|1803]])
* [[5 May]] – [[August Wilhelm von Hofmann]], German chemist (born [[1818 in Germany|1818]])
* [[20 June]] – [[Albert Wolff (sculptor)|Albert Wolff]], German sculptor (born [[1814 in Germany|1814]])
* [[5 August]] – [[Henriette Feuerbach]], German author (born [[1812 in Germany|1812]])
* [[16 October]] – [[Georg Bleibtreu]], German painter (born [[1828 in Germany|1828]])
* [[28 October]] – [[Felix Otto Dessoff]], German conductor (born [[1835 in Germany|1835]])
* [[6 November]] – [[Wilhelm Maurenbrecher]], German historian (born [[1838 in Germany|1838]])
* [[6 December]] – [[Werner von Siemens]], German inventor and industrialist (born [[1816 in Germany|1816]])
* 28 December – [[Vincent Stoltenberg Lerche]], Norwegian painter (born [[1837 in Norway|1837]]).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Vincent Lerche |encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]]| first=Øyvind Storm |last=Bjerke |editor=[[Knut Helle|Helle, Knut]]|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=https://nbl.snl.no/Vincent_Lerche | language=no |access-date=6 November 2019 }}</ref>
{{div col end}}
==Literature==
Frank Wedekind's magnum opus drama "Das Erwachen des Fruhlings" or "Spring Awakening" is set during this year with one of the play's protagonists Wendla Bergmann's death occurring on October 27.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Germany year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1892}}
[[Category:1892 in Germany| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in Germany]]
[[Category:1892 by country|Germany]]
[[Category:1892 in Europe|Germany]]
| 1,245,933,055
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1891 - 1890 - 1889": "1892 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Germany \u00b7 \u2192 - 1893 - 1894 - 1895", "Decades": "1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s", "See also": "Other events of 1892 \u00b7 History of Germany \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false
|
# 1695 in China
Events from the year 1695 in China.
## Incumbents
- Kangxi Emperor (34rd year)
## Events
- A moonloft on the Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou was built
- 2nd Month: the reconstruction of the Hall of Supreme Harmony begins
- 5th Month: further tours are made in the outskirts of the capital. New dams and inlets at seaports are inspected. The Temple of the Sea God (Haishen miao) is constructed.
- 6th Month: Lady Si is named the consort of Heir Apparent Yunreng.
- 11th Month: the emperor conducts a grand military inspection at the South Gardens (Nan yuan). Orders are issued for codifying the use of horns and drums in military inspections.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1695_in_China
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2024-09-03T06:08:51Z
|
en
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Q85719781
| 85,158
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{more footnotes|date=October 2019}}
{{Year in China|1695}}
Events from the year '''1695 in [[China]]'''.
== Incumbents ==
* [[Kangxi Emperor]] (34rd year)
<!--
===Viceroys===
-->
== Events ==
* A moonloft on the [[Huaisheng Mosque]] in [[Guangzhou]] was built
* 2nd Month: the reconstruction of the [[Hall of Supreme Harmony]] begins
* 5th Month: further tours are made in the outskirts of the capital. New dams and inlets at seaports are inspected. The [[Temple of the Sea God]] (Haishen miao) is constructed.
* 6th Month: Lady Si is named the consort of Heir Apparent [[Yunreng]].
* 11th Month: the emperor conducts a grand military inspection at the [[South Gardens]] (Nan yuan). Orders are issued for codifying the use of horns and drums in military inspections.
==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book|title=[[Draft History of Qing]] (Qing Shi Gao)|last=Zhao|first=Erxun|author-link=Zhao Erxun|year=1928|language=zh}}
* {{citation|last=Spence|first=Jonathan D.|chapter=The K'ang-hsi Reign|editor-first=Willard J.|editor-last=Peterson|title=Cambridge History of China, Vol. 9, Part 1: The Ch'ing Dynasty to 1800|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|pages=120–182|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hi2THl2FUZ4C&pg=PA120|isbn=0521243343}}.
{{Years in the Qing dynasty}}
{{Year in Asia|1695}}
[[Category:1690s in China| ]]
[[Category:1695 by country|China]]
| 1,243,749,047
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1694 - 1693 - 1692 - 1691 - 1690": "1695 \u00b7 in \u00b7 China \u00b7 \u2192 - 1696 - 1697 - 1698 - 1699 - 1700", "Decades": "1670s 1680s 1690s 1700s 1710s", "See also": "Other events of 1695 \u00b7 History of China \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false
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# 1928 New Zealand rugby league season
The 1928 New Zealand rugby league season was the 21st season of rugby league that had been played in New Zealand.
## International competitions
New Zealand lost a series against Great Britain, 1–2. New Zealand were coached by Thomas McClymont and included; Craddock Dufty, Roy Hardgrave, Claude List, Len Scott, Maurice Wetherill (c), Stan Prentice, Frank Delgrosso, Lou Hutt, Wally Somers, Jim O'Brien, Tom Timms, Mick O'Brien, Vern Goodall, Hec Brisbane, Trevor Hall, Alf Townsend, Bert Eckhoff and Tim Peckham.
Auckland Province lost to Great Britain 14-9 after leading 9-8 while Auckland City lost 26–15. Auckland City included Craddock Dufty, Len Scott, Claude List, Roy Hardgrave, Maurice Wetherill, Stan Prentice, Frank Delgrosso, Jim O'Brien, Wally Somers, Lou Hutt, Trevor Hall, J Payne and Alan Clarke. Auckland Province included Joe Menzies from South Auckland as well as Dufty, Scott, List, Beattie, W Hanlon, Jim Amos, Bill Peckham, Neville St George, Dick Moisley, Hall, J Payne and R Jenkinson from Auckland City.
## National competitions
### Northern Union Cup
Auckland held the Northern Union Cup at the end of the season. Auckland won the trophy by defeating South Auckland 22–3 in June before defeating Canterbury 66–26 in Auckland to defend the trophy.
### Inter-district competition
Otago traveled to Auckland in September, being defeated 42–22 at Carlaw Park.
Jim Amos, Roy Hardgrave, Craddock Dufty, Allan Seagar, Hec Brisbane, Len Scott and Claude List represented Auckland while Canterbury included Ted Spillane. Otago included Bert Eckhoff.
## Club competitions
### Auckland
Devonport won the Auckland Rugby League's competition. Marist won the Roope Rooster, Stormont Shield and Labour Day Knockout Competitions. Grafton Athletic won the Norton Cup.
Jim Amos played for City.
Marist included Hec Brisbane, Jack Kirwan, Jim O'Brien, Gordon Campbell, captain Charles Gregory and Wilf Hassan.
### Wellington
Hutt won the Wellington Rugby League's Appleton Shield.
### Canterbury
Marist Old Boys won the Canterbury Rugby League's McKeon Cup.
Marist Old Boys defeated Greymouth Marist 22–13 to win the Thacker Shield.
### Other Competitions
The Hikurangi Rugby Club withdrew from the North Auckland rugby union competition in 1928, helping to establish rugby league in Northland. The Northland rugby league team first played in 1929.
Marist Old Boys defeated the Otago Rugby League's Christian Brothers 17–10 to win the Gore Cup.
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en
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Q4562266
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox sports season
|title = 1928 New Zealand rugby league season
| prevseason_year = [[1927 New Zealand rugby league season|1927]]
| nextseason_year = [[1929 New Zealand rugby league season|1929]]
}}
The '''1928 New Zealand rugby league season''' was the 21st season of [[rugby league]] that had been played in New Zealand.
==International competitions==
{{see also|1928 Great Britain Lions tour}}
[[New Zealand national rugby league team|New Zealand]] lost a series against [[Great Britain national rugby league team|Great Britain]], 1–2. New Zealand were coached by [[Thomas McClymont]] and included; [[Craddock Dufty]], [[Roy Hardgrave]], [[Claude List]], [[Len Scott]], [[Maurice Wetherill]] (c), [[Stan Prentice]], [[Frank Delgrosso]], [[Lou Hutt]], [[Wally Somers]], [[Andrew O'Brien (rugby)|Jim O'Brien]], [[Tom Timms]], [[Mick O'Brien (rugby league)|Mick O'Brien]], [[Vern Goodall]], [[Hec Brisbane]], [[Trevor Hall (rugby league)|Trevor Hall]], [[Alf Townsend]], [[Bert Eckhoff]] and [[Tim Peckham]].
Auckland Province lost to Great Britain 14-9 after leading 9-8 while [[Auckland rugby league team|Auckland City]] lost 26–15. Auckland City included [[Craddock Dufty]], [[Len Scott]], [[Claude List]], [[Roy Hardgrave]], [[Maurice Wetherill]], [[Stan Prentice]], [[Frank Delgrosso]], [[Andrew O'Brien (rugby)|Jim O'Brien]], [[Wally Somers]], [[Lou Hutt]], [[Trevor Hall (rugby league)|Trevor Hall]], J Payne and [[Alan Clarke (rugby league)|Alan Clarke]]. Auckland Province included [[Joe Menzies]] from [[Waikato rugby league team|South Auckland]] as well as Dufty, Scott, List, Beattie, W Hanlon, [[Jim Amos (rugby league)|Jim Amos]], Bill Peckham, [[Neville St George]], Dick Moisley, Hall, J Payne and R Jenkinson from Auckland City.<ref name=akl100/>
==National competitions==
===Northern Union Cup===
[[Auckland rugby league team|Auckland]] held the [[Northern Union Cup]] at the end of the season. Auckland won the trophy by defeating [[Waikato rugby league team|South Auckland]] 22–3 in June before defeating [[Canterbury rugby league team|Canterbury]] 66–26 in Auckland to defend the trophy.<ref name=akl100>Coffey, John and Bernie Wood ''Auckland, 100 years of rugby league, 1909–2009'', 2009. {{ISBN|978-1-86969-366-4}}.</ref>
===Inter-district competition===
[[Otago rugby league team|Otago]] traveled to Auckland in September, being defeated 42–22 at [[Carlaw Park]].
[[Jim Amos (rugby league)|Jim Amos]], [[Roy Hardgrave]], [[Craddock Dufty]], [[Allan Seagar]], [[Hec Brisbane]], [[Len Scott]] and [[Claude List]] represented Auckland while Canterbury included [[Ted Spillane]].<ref name=cxiii>Coffey, John. ''Canterbury XIII'', Christchurch, 1987.</ref> Otago included [[Bert Eckhoff]].
==Club competitions==
===Auckland===
{{see also|Auckland Rugby League club trophies}}
[[File:Marist1928.jpg|thumb|right|Marist in 1928]] [[File:Marist1928super.jpg|thumb|right]]
Devonport won the [[Auckland Rugby League]]'s competition.<ref name=ref>Lion Red Rugby League Annual 1990 ''New Zealand Rugby League'', 1990. p. 72</ref> [[Marist Saints|Marist]] won the Roope Rooster, Stormont Shield and Labour Day Knockout Competitions. Grafton Athletic won the Norton Cup.
[[Jim Amos (rugby league)|Jim Amos]] played for City.<ref name=cxiii/>
[[Marist Saints|Marist]] included [[Hec Brisbane]], [[Jack Kirwan (rugby league)|Jack Kirwan]], [[Andrew O'Brien (rugby)|Jim O'Brien]], [[Gordon Campbell (rugby league)|Gordon Campbell]], captain [[Charles Gregory (rugby league)|Charles Gregory]] and [[Wilf Hassan]].
===Wellington===
Hutt won the [[Wellington Rugby League]]'s Appleton Shield.<ref name=ref/>
===Canterbury===
Marist Old Boys won the [[Canterbury Rugby League]]'s McKeon Cup.<ref name="cxiii"/><ref name=ref/>
Marist Old Boys defeated Greymouth Marist 22–13 to win the [[Thacker Shield]].
===Other Competitions===
The Hikurangi Rugby Club withdrew from the North Auckland [[rugby union]] competition in 1928, helping to establish rugby league in Northland.<ref>[https://sites.google.com/site/hikurangirugbyclub/club-overview Our History] ''Hikurangi Rugby Club''</ref> The [[Northland rugby league team]] first played in 1929.
Marist Old Boys defeated the [[Otago Rugby League]]'s Christian Brothers 17–10 to win the Gore Cup.<ref name=cxiii/>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Rugby League in New Zealand}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1928 New Zealand Rugby League Season}}
[[Category:New Zealand rugby league seasons]]
[[Category:1928 in New Zealand sport|Rugby league season]]
[[Category:1928 in rugby league|New Zealand rugby league season]]
| 1,256,385,844
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[]
| false
|
# 1872 in Iceland
Events in the year 1872 in Iceland.
## Incumbents
- Monarch: Christian IX
- Council President of Denmark: Ludvig Holstein-Holsteinborg
- Governor of Iceland: Hilmar Finsen
## Events
- 20 November − Eymundsson, Iceland's oldest bookstore is established.[1]
## Births
- 3 March − Sveinn Thorvaldson, Icelandic-Canadian politician[2]
- 31 March − Helgi Pjeturss, geologist and philosopher[3]
|
enwiki/72374750
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| 72,374,750
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_in_Iceland
|
2025-01-04T09:29:44Z
|
en
|
Q115800813
| 61,147
|
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in region
|year=1872
|region=Iceland
|image= Flag of Denmark.svg
|image_size=90px
|see_also = [[1872|Other events in 1872]]{{middot}}[[Timeline of Icelandic history]]
}}
Events in the year '''1872 in [[Iceland]]'''.
== Incumbents ==
* Monarch: [[Christian IX of Denmark|Christian IX]]
* [[Prime Minister of Denmark|Council President of Denmark]]: [[Ludvig Holstein-Holsteinborg]]
* [[Governor of Iceland]]: [[Hilmar Finsen]]
== Events ==
* 20 November − [[Eymundsson]], Iceland's oldest bookstore is established.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forsíða {{!}} Penninn Eymundsson |url=https://www.penninn.is/ |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.penninn.is}}</ref>
== Births ==
* 3 March − [[Sveinn Thorvaldson]], Icelandic-Canadian politician<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-30 |title=MLA Biographies - Deceased |url=http://www.gov.mb.ca/hansard/members/mla_bio_deceased.html |access-date=2022-11-29 |archive-date=2014-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330155427/http://www.gov.mb.ca/hansard/members/mla_bio_deceased.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
* 31 March − [[Helgi Pjeturss]], geologist and philosopher<ref>Swatos, William H. and Loftur Reimar Gissurarson. 1997. ''Icelandic Spiritualism''. [[Transaction Publishers]]. {{ISBN|1-56000-273-5}}. Pages 211-214.</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Years in Iceland}}
{{Year in Europe|1872}}
[[Category:1872 in Denmark]]
[[Category:1870s in Iceland]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in Iceland]]
[[Category:1872 in Europe|Iceland]]
[[Category:1872 by country|Iceland]]
{{Year-stub}}
| 1,267,266,659
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1871 - 1870 - 1869": "1872 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Iceland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1873 - 1874 - 1875", "Decades": "1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s", "See also": "Other events in 1872 \u00b7 Timeline of Icelandic history"}}]
| false
|
# 1831 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 1831 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on 3 January 1831 in order to elect the governor of Maryland. Former National Republican governor Daniel Martin was elected by the Maryland General Assembly against incumbent Democratic governor Thomas King Carroll in a rematch of the previous election.
## General election
On election day, 3 January 1831, former National Republican governor Daniel Martin was elected by the Maryland General Assembly, thereby gaining National Republican control over the office of governor. Martin was sworn in for his second non-consecutive term on 13 January 1831.
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ---------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ----- | ------ |
| | National Republican | Daniel Martin | 52 | 61.90 |
| | | Did Not Vote | 32 | 38.10 |
| | Democratic | Thomas King Carroll (incumbent) | 0 | 0.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 84 | 100.00 |
| | National Republican gain from Democratic | | | |
|
enwiki/76749562
|
enwiki
| 76,749,562
|
1831 Maryland gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_Maryland_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-23T03:40:50Z
|
en
|
Q125895192
| 231,442
|
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1831 Maryland gubernatorial election
| country = Maryland
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1830 Maryland gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1830
| next_election = 1832 Maryland gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1832
| election_date = 3 January 1831
| image1 = [[File:No image.svg|125px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[Daniel Martin (politician)|Daniel Martin]]'''
| party1 = National Republican Party
| popular_vote1 = '''52'''
| percentage1 = '''61.90%'''
| image2 =
| nominee2 =
| party2 =
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Thomas King Carroll]]
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Daniel Martin (politician)|Daniel Martin]]
| after_party = National Republican Party
}}
{{ElectionsMD}}
The '''1831 Maryland gubernatorial election''' was held on 3 January 1831 in order to elect the [[List of governors of Maryland|governor of Maryland]]. Former [[National Republican Party|National Republican]] governor [[Daniel Martin (politician)|Daniel Martin]] was elected by the [[Maryland General Assembly]] against [[incumbent]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] governor [[Thomas King Carroll]] [[1830 Maryland gubernatorial election|in a rematch of the previous election]].<ref name="nga">{{Cite web |title=Daniel Martin |date=16 January 2019 |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/daniel-martin/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |publisher=[[National Governors Association]]}}</ref>
== General election ==
On election day, 3 January 1831, former [[National Republican Party|National Republican]] governor [[Daniel Martin (politician)|Daniel Martin]] was elected by the [[Maryland General Assembly]], thereby gaining National Republican control over the office of governor. Martin was sworn in for his second non-consecutive term on 13 January 1831.<ref name=GBN>{{cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=121986 |title=MD Governor |publisher=ourcampaigns.com |date=26 August 2004 |access-date=27 April 2024}}</ref>
=== Results ===
{{Election box begin no change | title=Maryland gubernatorial election, 1831|
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = National Republican Party
|candidate = [[Daniel Martin (politician)|Daniel Martin]]
|votes = 52
|percentage = 61.90
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party =
|candidate = Did Not Vote
|votes = 32
|percentage = 38.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Thomas King Carroll]] (incumbent)
|votes = 0
|percentage = 0.00
}}
{{Election box total no change|
|votes = 84
|percentage = 100.00
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no change|
|winner= National Republican Party
|loser = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Maryland elections}}
[[Category:1831 Maryland elections]]
[[Category:Maryland gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:1831 United States gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:January 1831]]
[[Category:Indirect elections]]
| 1,271,234,876
|
[{"title": "1831 Maryland gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1830": "3 January 1831 \u00b7 1832 \u2192", "Nominee": "Daniel Martin", "Party": "National Republican", "Popular vote": "52", "Percentage": "61.90%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Thomas King Carroll \u00b7 Democratic": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Daniel Martin \u00b7 National Republican"}}]
| false
|
# .32 Winchester Self-Loading
The .32 Winchester Self-Loading (.32SL / .32SLR / .32WSL) or 8.2x31mmSR is an American rifle cartridge.
## Description
Winchester introduced the .32SL and .35SL cartridges in the Winchester Model 1905 self-loading rifle, a centerfire version of the Winchester Model 1903. The .32SL never gained popularity as a hunting cartridge, although it may be suitable for the largest small game such as fox and coyote at ranges under 150 yards. Both the .32SL and .35SL were soon superseded by the introduction of the more powerful .351SL in the Winchester Model 1907.
When first introduced, however, the notable firearm expert Townsend Whelen noted the .32SL cartridge as displaying similar ballistics as the .32-40 Winchester black powder, low-pressure cartridge. He further suggests the best use of the .32 SL as being for rapid-fire target shooting for ranges up to 300 yards. Within such ranges, it is quite an accurate cartridge.
In October 1940, an Army Ordnance circular suggested development of a light rifle using a .30 caliber cartridge similar to the "Winchester Self-loading Cartridge, Caliber .32" to replace the pistol and submachine gun. This led to the production of the "Caliber .30 SL, M1" cartridge directly based on the .32 SL in February 1941 and, after a design competition, adoption of the Winchester-designed M1 carbine in October 1941.
|
enwiki/20930399
|
enwiki
| 20,930,399
|
.32 Winchester Self-Loading
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.32_Winchester_Self-Loading
|
2024-12-01T21:51:53Z
|
en
|
Q4545270
| 45,034
|
{{Short description|Rifle cartridge}}
{{distinguish|.32-20 Winchester|.32-40 Winchester|.32 Winchester Special}}
{{Infobox firearm cartridge
| name = .32 Winchester Self-Loading
| image = 32 Winchester Self-Loading.JPG | image_size = 300px
| caption =
| origin = United States
| type = [[Rifle]]
<!-- Service history -->
| service =
| used_by =
| wars =
<!-- Production history -->
| designer = [[Winchester Repeating Arms Company]]
| design_date =
| manufacturer =
| production_date =
| number =
| variants =
<!-- Specifications -->
| is_SI_specs =
| parent =
| case_type = Semi-rimmed, straight
| bullet = .321
| neck = .347
| shoulder =
| base = .349
| rim_dia = .390
| rim_thick = 0.05
| case_length = 1.24
| length = 1.88
| rifling =
| primer = Small rifle
| max_pressure = 28,000 to 30,000 PSI
<!-- Ballistic performance -->
| is_SI_ballistics =
| bw1 = 165
| btype1 =
| vel1 = 1392
| en1 = 710
| bw2 =
| btype2 =
| vel2 =
| en2 =
| bw3 =
| btype3 =
| vel3 =
| en3 =
| bw4 =
| btype4 =
| vel4 =
| en4 =
| bw5 =
| btype5 =
| vel5 =
| en5 =
| test_barrel_length = 22
| balsrc = Whelen, Townsend. ''The American Rifle.'' Century Co. 1918 p. 257
}}
The '''.32 Winchester Self-Loading (.32SL / .32SLR / .32WSL)''' or '''8.2x31mmSR''' is an American [[rifle]] [[Cartridge (firearms)|cartridge]].
==Description==
[[Winchester Repeating Arms Company|Winchester]] introduced the .32SL and [[.35 Winchester Self-Loading|.35SL]] cartridges in the [[Winchester Model 1905]] [[self-loading]] rifle, a [[centerfire]] version of the [[Winchester Model 1903]]. The .32SL never gained popularity as a [[hunting]] cartridge, although it may be suitable for the largest small game such as fox and coyote at ranges under 150 yards.<ref>Whelen, Townsend (1918) ''The American Rifle'' Century Co. p. 257.</ref> Both the .32SL and .35SL were soon superseded by the introduction of the more powerful [[.351 Winchester Self-Loading|.351SL]] in the [[Winchester Model 1907]].<ref>Stebbins, Henry (1958) ''Rifles: A Modern Encyclopedia'' Stackpole Books, p. 127</ref>
When first introduced, however, the notable firearm expert [[Townsend Whelen]] noted the .32SL cartridge as displaying similar [[ballistics]] as the [[.32-40 Winchester]] [[black powder]], low-pressure cartridge.<ref>Whelen, Townsend (1918) ''The American Rifle'' Century Co. p. 257</ref> He further suggests the best use of the .32 SL as being for rapid-fire [[target shooting]] for ranges up to 300 yards. Within such ranges, it is quite an accurate cartridge.
In October 1940, an Army Ordnance circular suggested development of a light rifle using a .30 caliber cartridge similar to the "Winchester Self-loading Cartridge, Caliber .32" to replace the pistol and submachine gun. This led to the production of the "[[.30 Carbine|Caliber .30 SL, M1]]" cartridge directly based on the .32 SL in February 1941 and, after a design competition, adoption of the Winchester-designed [[M1 carbine]] in October 1941.<ref>Larry Ruth, ''M1 Carbine: Design Development and Production'', The Gun Room Press, 1979.</ref>
==Dimensions==
[[File:32 Winchester Self-Loading dimensions in & mm.jpg|thumb|center|400px]]
==See also==
*[[8 mm caliber]]
*[[List of cartridges by caliber]]
*[[List of rifle cartridges]]
*[[Table of handgun and rifle cartridges]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.ammo-one.com/32WSLs.html .32 W.S.L.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218201744/http://www.ammo-one.com/32WSLs.html |date=2020-02-18 }}
* [http://www.cartridgecollector.net/32-winchester-self-loading .32 Winchester Self Loading]
* [http://ps-2.kev009.com/ohland/Cast_Bullet/Vault/Winchester_Self_Loading_Rifles.html Winchester Self-Loading Rifles]
* [https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30026820 7.65x33R: Kynoch; .32 Winchester Self-Loading]
{{Carbine cartridges}}
{{32WSLderivatives}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:32 Winchester Self-Loading}}
[[Category:Pistol and rifle cartridges]]
[[Category:Winchester Repeating Arms Company cartridges]]
| 1,260,643,634
|
[{"title": ".32 Winchester Self-Loading", "data": {"Type": "Rifle", "Place of origin": "United States"}}, {"title": "Production history", "data": {"Designer": "Winchester Repeating Arms Company"}}, {"title": "Specifications", "data": {"Case type": "Semi-rimmed, straight", "Bullet diameter": ".321 in (8.2 mm)", "Neck diameter": ".347 in (8.8 mm)", "Base diameter": ".349 in (8.9 mm)", "Rim diameter": ".390 in (9.9 mm)", "Rim thickness": "0.05 in (1.3 mm)", "Case length": "1.24 in (31 mm)", "Overall length": "1.88 in (48 mm)", "Primer type": "Small rifle", "Maximum pressure": "28,000 to 30,000 PSI"}}, {"title": "Ballistic performance", "data": {"Bullet mass/type": "Velocity \u00b7 Energy", "165 gr (11 g)": "1,392 ft/s (424 m/s) \u00b7 710 ft\u22c5lbf (960 J)"}}]
| false
|
# 1892 in Norwegian music
The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year 1892 in Norwegian music.
## Births
June
- 5 – Carsten Carlsen, pianist and composer (died 1961).[1]
|
enwiki/53895993
|
enwiki
| 53,895,993
|
1892 in Norwegian music
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892_in_Norwegian_music
|
2024-04-18T05:48:22Z
|
en
|
Q30681325
| 73,303
|
{{YYYY music|1892}}
{{Year nav topic5|1892|Norwegian music}}
The following is a list of notable events and releases of the year '''1892 in [[Music of Norway|Norwegian music]]'''.
==Events==
<!--ALL EVENTS MUST BE SOURCED. Album releases, band breakups do not go in this section-->
==Deaths==
{{Empty section|date=June 2020}}
==Births==
; June
* '''5''' – [[Carsten Carlsen]], pianist and composer (died [[1961 in Norwegian music|1961]]).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | url=https://nbl.snl.no/Lalla_Carlsen | title=Lalla Carlsen | encyclopedia=[[Norsk Biografisk Leksikon]] | first=Svend Erik Løken | last=Larsen | authorlink= | editor=[[Knut Helle|Helle, Knut]] | publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget | location=Oslo | language=no | date=2009-02-13 | accessdate=2017-04-27}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[1892 in Norway]]
* [[Music of Norway]]
{{portal|Norway|Music}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Norwegian folk music}}
{{Norway topics}}
{{Nordic music}}
{{Music of Europe}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1892 In Norwegian Music}}
[[Category:1892 in Norwegian music| ]]
[[Category:Music of Norway]]
[[Category:1892 in music|Norwegian]]
[[Category:1892 in Norway|Music]]
[[Category:1890s in Norwegian music]]
| 1,219,512,217
|
[]
| false
|
# 1636 in Spain
Events from the year 1636 in Spain
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Philip IV[1]
## Events
- August 15 - Spanish Siege of Corbie in France.
|
enwiki/48259641
|
enwiki
| 48,259,641
|
1636 in Spain
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1636_in_Spain
|
2025-01-19T22:51:25Z
|
en
|
Q21187026
| 150,247
|
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in Spain|1636}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2024}}
Events from the year '''1636 in [[Spain]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Spanish monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-IV-king-of-Spain-and-Portugal|title=Philip IV|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref>
==Events==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
* [[August 15]] - Spanish Siege of [[Corbie]] in [[France]].
==Births==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
*
*
*
*
==Deaths==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
*
*
*
*
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Year in Europe|1636}}
{{Years in Spain}}
[[Category:1636 in Spain| ]]
[[Category:1630s in Spain]]
[[Category:Years of the 17th century in Spain]]
{{Spain-hist-stub}}
| 1,270,519,060
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1635 - 1634 - 1633": "1636 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Spain \u00b7 \u2192 - 1637 - 1638 - 1639", "Decades": "1610s 1620s 1630s 1640s 1650s", "See also": "Other events of 1636 \u00b7 List of years in Spain"}}]
| false
|
# 1929 Campeonato Carioca
The 1929 Campeonato Carioca, the 24th edition of that championship, kicked off on April 7, 1929 and ended on November 24, 1929. It was organized by AMEA (Associação Metropolitana de Esportes Atléticos, or Metropolitan Athletic Sports Association). Eleven teams participated. Vasco da Gama won the title for the 3rd time. No teams were relegated.
## Participating teams
After Villa Isabel left the league, AMEA invited Bonsucesso, winner of the last three editions of the Second level to join the first level.
| Club | Home location | Previous season |
| --------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------ |
| América | Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro | 1st |
| Andarahy | Andaraí, Rio de Janeiro | 8th |
| Bangu | Bangu, Rio de Janeiro | 7th |
| Botafogo | Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro | 3rd |
| Bonsucesso | Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro | 1st (Second level) |
| Brasil | Urca, Rio de Janeiro | 10th |
| Flamengo | Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro | 4th |
| Fluminense | Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro | 5th |
| São Cristóvão | São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro | 6th |
| Syrio e Libanez | Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro | 9th |
| Vasco da Gama | São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro | 2nd |
## System
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.
## Championship
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --------------- | --- | -- | - | -- | -- | -- | --- | --- | --------------------------- |
| 1 | América | 20 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 66 | 21 | +45 | 33 | Playoffs |
| 2 | Vasco da Gama | 20 | 14 | 5 | 1 | 54 | 23 | +31 | 33 | Playoffs |
| 3 | São Cristóvão | 20 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 40 | 29 | +11 | 26 | |
| 4 | Fluminense | 20 | 11 | 3 | 6 | 35 | 23 | +12 | 25 | |
| 5 | Bangu | 20 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 45 | 34 | +11 | 25 | |
| 6 | Botafogo | 20 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 55 | 54 | +1 | 20 | |
| 7 | Bonsucesso | 20 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 34 | 55 | −21 | 15 | |
| 8 | Andarahy | 20 | 5 | 4 | 11 | 36 | 54 | −18 | 14 | |
| 9 | Syrio e Libanez | 20 | 5 | 3 | 12 | 40 | 50 | −10 | 13 | |
| 10 | Flamengo | 20 | 4 | 4 | 12 | 26 | 42 | −16 | 12 | |
| 11 | Brasil | 20 | 1 | 2 | 17 | 20 | 66 | −46 | 4 | |
### Playoffs
| 10 November 1929 Playoffs | Vasco da Gama | 0 – 0 | América | Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro |
| | | | | Referee: Jorge Marinho |
| 14 November 1929 Playoffs | Vasco da Gama | 1 – 1 | América | Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro |
| | Russinho | | Oswaldo | Referee: Jorge Marinho |
| 24 November 1929 Playoffs | Vasco da Gama | 5 – 0 | América | Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro |
| | Russinho · Mário Mattos · Sant'Anna | | | Referee: Laís |
|
enwiki/61484616
|
enwiki
| 61,484,616
|
1929 Campeonato Carioca
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929_Campeonato_Carioca
|
2022-03-17T17:49:00Z
|
en
|
Q16143707
| 86,663
|
{{Infobox football league season
|competition = [[Campeonato Carioca]]
|season = [[1929 in Brazilian football|1929]]
|winners = [[Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]]
|relegated =
|continentalcup1 =
|continentalcup1 qualifiers =
|continentalcup2 =
|continentalcup2 qualifiers =
|league topscorer = [[Russinho (footballer, born 1902)|Russinho]] ([[Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]])<br> Telê ([[America Football Club (Rio de Janeiro)|América]]) – 23 goals
|biggest home win = [[America Football Club (Rio de Janeiro)|América]] 11-2 [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]] (November 3, 1929)
|biggest away win = [[Bonsucesso Futebol Clube|Bonsucesso]] 0-7 [[America Football Club (Rio de Janeiro)|América]] (April 22, 1929)
|highest scoring = [[America Football Club (Rio de Janeiro)|América]] 11-2 [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]] (November 3, 1929)
|matches = 113
|total goals = 458
|longest wins =
|longest unbeaten =
|longest winless =
|longest losses =
|highest attendance =
|lowest attendance =
|prevseason = [[1928 Campeonato Carioca|1928]]
|nextseason = [[1930 Campeonato Carioca|1930]]
}}
The 1929 '''[[Campeonato Carioca]]''', the 24th edition of that championship, kicked off on April 7, 1929 and ended on November 24, 1929. It was organized by AMEA (''Associação Metropolitana de Esportes Atléticos'', or Metropolitan Athletic Sports Association). Eleven teams participated. [[Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]] won the title for the 3rd time. No teams were relegated.<ref name="rsssfbrasil">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssfbrasil.com/tablesr/rj1929.htm|title=RSSSF – Championship of Rio de Janeiro 1929|accessdate=August 10, 2019}}</ref><ref name="futebolnacional">{{cite web|url=https://futebolnacional.com.br/infobol/championship.jsp?code=0C0B11F973E8B19F2B35EBD5EA08D647&lang=pt_br|title=Futebolnacional.com.br – Championship of Rio de Janeiro 1929|accessdate=August 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108044827/http://www.futebolnacional.com.br/infobol/championship.jsp?code=0C0B11F973E8B19F2B35EBD5EA08D647|archive-date=November 8, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Participating teams ==
After Villa Isabel left the league, AMEA invited Bonsucesso, winner of the last three editions of the Second level to join the first level.<ref name="rsssfbrasil2">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssfbrasil.com/tablesr/rj1926l2.htm|title=RSSSF – Championship of Rio de Janeiro Second Level 1926|accessdate=August 10, 2019}}</ref><ref name="rsssfbrasil3">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssfbrasil.com/tablesr/rj1926l2.htm|title=RSSSF – Championship of Rio de Janeiro Second Level 1927|accessdate=August 10, 2019}}</ref><ref name="rsssfbrasil4">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssfbrasil.com/tablesr/rj1928l2.htm|title=RSSSF – Championship of Rio de Janeiro Second Level 1928|accessdate=August 10, 2019}}</ref><ref name="cacellain">{{cite web|url=http://cacellain.com.br/blog/?p=112438|title=Cacellain.com.br – Fotos Raras, e a História entre 1913 a 1930: Bonsucesso Futebol Clube – Rio de Janeiro (RJ)|accessdate=August 10, 2019}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Club !! Home location !! Previous season
|-
| [[America Football Club (Rio de Janeiro)|América]] || [[Tijuca]], Rio de Janeiro || {{center|1st}}
|-
| [[Andarahy Athletico Club|Andarahy]] || [[Andaraí, Rio de Janeiro]] || {{center|8th}}
|-
| [[Bangu Atlético Clube|Bangu]] || [[Bangu, Rio de Janeiro]] || {{center|7th}}
|-
| [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]] || [[Botafogo]], Rio de Janeiro || {{center|3rd}}
|-
| [[Bonsucesso Futebol Clube|Bonsucesso]] || [[Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro]] || {{center|1st (Second level)}}
|-
| [[Sport Club Brasil|Brasil]] || [[Urca]], Rio de Janeiro || {{center|10th}}
|-
| [[Clube de Regatas do Flamengo|Flamengo]] || [[Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro]] || {{center|4th}}
|-
| [[Fluminense Football Club|Fluminense]] || [[Laranjeiras]], Rio de Janeiro || {{center|5th}}
|-
| [[São Cristóvão de Futebol e Regatas|São Cristóvão]] || [[Imperial de São Cristóvão|São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro]] || {{center|6th}}
|-
| [[Syrio e Libanez Athletico Club|Syrio e Libanez]] || [[Tijuca]], Rio de Janeiro || {{center|9th}}
|-
| [[Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]] || [[Imperial de São Cristóvão|São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro]] || {{center|2nd}}
|-
|}
== System ==
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.<ref name="futebolnacional"/><ref name="rsssfbrasil"/>
== Championship ==
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|update=November 3, 1929
|res_col_header=QR
|team4=FLU|name_FLU=[[Fluminense Football Club|Fluminense]]
|team10=FLA|name_FLA=[[Clube de Regatas Flamengo|Flamengo]]
|team1=AME|name_AME=[[America Football Club (RJ)|América]]
|team5=BAN|name_BAN=[[Bangu Atlético Clube|Bangu]]
|team2=VAS|name_VAS=[[Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]]
|team3=SCR|name_SCR=[[São Cristóvão de Futebol e Regatas|São Cristóvão]]
|team6=BOT|name_BOT=[[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]]
|team8=AND|name_AND=[[Andarahy Athletico Club|Andarahy]]
|team7=BON|name_BON=[[Bonsucesso Futebol Clube|Bonsucesso]]
|team11=BRA|name_BRA=[[Sport Club Brasil|Brasil]]
|team9=SLI|name_SLI=[[Syrio e Libanez Athletico Club|Syrio e Libanez]]
|win_SLI=5 |draw_SLI=3 |loss_SLI=12|gf_SLI=40|ga_SLI=50
|win_BRA=1 |draw_BRA=2 |loss_BRA=17|gf_BRA=20|ga_BRA=66
|win_BON=5 |draw_BON=5 |loss_BON=10|gf_BON=34|ga_BON=55
|win_AND=5 |draw_AND=4 |loss_AND=11|gf_AND=36|ga_AND=54
|win_BOT=8 |draw_BOT=4 |loss_BOT=8 |gf_BOT=55|ga_BOT=54
|win_SCR=9 |draw_SCR=8 |loss_SCR=3 |gf_SCR=40|ga_SCR=29
|win_BAN=10|draw_BAN=5 |loss_BAN=5 |gf_BAN=45|ga_BAN=34
|win_FLA=4 |draw_FLA=4 |loss_FLA=12|gf_FLA=26|ga_FLA=42
|win_AME=15|draw_AME=3 |loss_AME=2 |gf_AME=66|ga_AME=21
|win_VAS=14|draw_VAS=5 |loss_VAS=1 |gf_VAS=54|ga_VAS=23
|win_FLU=11|draw_FLU=3 |loss_FLU=6 |gf_FLU=35|ga_FLU=23
|winpoints=2
|col_C=yellow1|text_C=Playoffs
|result1=C
|result2=C
|class_rules=1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) wins; 4) number of goals scored.
|source=[http://www.rsssfbrasil.com/tablesr/rj1929.htm RSSSF.com]
}}
=== Playoffs ===
{{football box collapsible
|date = 10 November 1929
|team1 = [[Clube de Regatas Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]]
|score = 0 – 0
|result =
|round = Playoffs
|team2 = [[America Football Club (RJ)|América]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Estádio das Laranjeiras|Laranjeiras]], [[Rio de Janeiro]]
|attendance =
|referee =Jorge Marinho
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 14 November 1929
|team1 = [[Clube de Regatas Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]]
|score = 1 – 1
|result =
|round = Playoffs
|team2 = [[America Football Club (RJ)|América]]
|goals1 = [[Russinho (footballer, born 1902)|Russinho]] {{goal}}
|goals2 = Oswaldo {{goal}}
|stadium = [[Estádio das Laranjeiras|Laranjeiras]], [[Rio de Janeiro]]
|attendance =
|referee =Jorge Marinho
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 24 November 1929
|team1 = [[Clube de Regatas Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]]
|score = 5 – 0
|result =
|round = Playoffs
|team2 = [[America Football Club (RJ)|América]]
|goals1 = [[Russinho (footballer, born 1902)|Russinho]] {{goal}} {{goal}} {{goal}}<br>Mário Mattos {{goal}}<br>Sant'Anna {{goal}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Estádio das Laranjeiras|Laranjeiras]], [[Rio de Janeiro]]
|attendance =
|referee =[[Arthur Antunes de Moraes e Castro|Laís]]
}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Campeonato Carioca seasons}}
[[Category:Campeonato Carioca seasons]]
[[Category:1929 in Brazilian football leagues|Carioca]]
| 1,077,689,947
|
[{"title": "Campeonato Carioca", "data": {"Season": "1929", "Champions": "Vasco da Gama", "Matches played": "113", "Goals scored": "458 (4.05 per match)", "Top goalscorer": "Russinho (Vasco da Gama) \u00b7 Tel\u00ea (Am\u00e9rica) \u2013 23 goals", "Biggest home win": "Am\u00e9rica 11-2 Botafogo (November 3, 1929)", "Biggest away win": "Bonsucesso 0-7 Am\u00e9rica (April 22, 1929)", "Highest scoring": "Am\u00e9rica 11-2 Botafogo (November 3, 1929)"}}]
| false
|
# 1905–06 French Rugby Union Championship
The 1905–06 French Rugby Union Championship was won by SBUC that beat Stade Français in the final.
It was the third final in three years for that team, and was the third victory of the Bordeaux club.
In the same year was created the second division championship.
## Final
| 8 April 1906 |
| SBUC | 9-0 (3-0) | Stade Français |
| Try: Mazières, Laffitte, Lacassagne | | |
| Parc des Princes (Paris) Attendance: 4,000 Referee: Allan Muhr |
SBUC: Léon Lannes, Carlos Deltour, Louis Soulé, Alphonse Massé, Jacques Duffourcq, Robert Blanchard, Marcel Laffitte, Louis Mulot, André Lacassagne, Mazières, Maurice Leuvielle, Maurice Bruneau, Pascal Laporte, Hélier Thil, Henri Martin
Stade Français: Georges Jérome, Marcel Communeau, Edouard Miranowicz, André Vergès, Albert Cuillé, Charles Beaurin, Pierre Rousseau, G. Poirier, Guy de Talancé, Henri Amand, Charles Vareilles, Paul Maclos, Émile Lesieur, Augustin Pujol, Julien Combe
|
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1905–06 French Rugby Union Championship
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905%E2%80%9306_French_Rugby_Union_Championship
|
2024-05-31T18:24:54Z
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Q2951312
| 50,273
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{{short description|none}}
{{Infobox rugby union season
| image =
| titre = Championnat de France de rugby 1905-1906
| size =
| nombre d'éditions = 15
| logo =
| countries = {{flag|France}}
| date =
| nations = {{France}}
| participants =
| matches =
| champions = [[Stade Bordelais|SBUC]]
| runnersup = [[Stade Français]]
| relegated =
| prevseason = [[1904–05 French Rugby Union Championship|1904–05]]
| nextseason =[[1906–07 French Rugby Union Championship|1906–07]]
}}
The '''1905–06 [[French Rugby Union Championship]]''' was won by '''[[Stade Bordelais|SBUC]]''' that beat [[Stade Français]] in the final.
It was the third final in three years for that team, and was the third victory of the Bordeaux club.
In the same year was created the second division championship.
== Final ==
{{rugbybox
|date = 8 April 1906
|home = '''[[Stade Bordelais|SBUC]] '''
|score = '''9-0''' <br/> (3-0)
|away = [[Stade Français]]
|homescore = '''Try:''' Mazières, Laffitte, Lacassagne
|awayscore =
|stadium = [[Parc des Princes]] ([[Paris]])
|attendance = {{formatnum:4000}}
|referee = [[Allan Muhr]]
}}
<small>'''[[Stade Bordelais|SBUC]]: ''' [[Léon Lannes]], [[Carlos Deltour]], [[Louis Soulé]], [[Alphonse Massé]], [[Jacques Duffourcq]], [[Robert Blanchard]], [[Marcel Laffitte]], [[Louis Mulot]], [[André Lacassagne]], Mazières, [[Maurice Leuvielle]], [[Maurice Bruneau (rugby union)|Maurice Bruneau]], [[Pascal Laporte]], [[Hélier Thil]], [[Henri Martin (rugby union)|Henri Martin]]</small>
<small>'''[[Stade Français]]:''' [[Georges Jérome]], [[Marcel Communeau]], [[Edouard Miranowicz]], [[André Vergès]], [[Albert Cuillé]], [[Charles Beaurin]], [[Pierre Rousseau (rugby union)|Pierre Rousseau]], G. Poirier, [[Guy de Talancé]], [[Henri Amand]], [[Charles Vareilles]], [[Paul Maclos]], [[Émile Lesieur]], [[Augustin Pujol]], [[Julien Combe]]
</small>
{{Clr}}
==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081206052946/http://www.lnr.fr/Menus.asp?CR=16358&CSR=16369&Cle=52346 ''Compte rendu de la finale de 1906''], sur lnr.fr
{{Top 14}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1905-06 French Rugby Union Championship}}
[[Category:French rugby union championship|1906]]
[[Category:1905–06 rugby union tournaments for clubs|France]]
[[Category:1905–06 in French rugby union|Championship]]
| 1,226,604,826
|
[{"title": "1905\u201306 French Rugby Union Championship", "data": {"Countries": "France", "Champions": "SBUC", "Runners-up": "Stade Fran\u00e7ais"}}]
| false
|
# .nfo
.nfo (also written .NFO or NFO, a contraction of "info", or "information") is a filename extension for text files that accompany warez scene releases of pirated software or media.
NFO files contain information about the release, such as the digital media title, authorship, year, or license information. This information is delivered for publishing through digital media to make it searchable on the web as well as within local catalogues and libraries.
## Content
NFO files usually contain release information about the media. The information may include authorship and license information. If the NFO file is for software, product installation notes can also be found. NFO files are also often found in demoscene productions, where the respective groups include them for credits, contact details, and the software requirements.
Unlike README files, NFO files often contain elaborate ANSI art.
## History
NFO files were first introduced by "Fabulous Furlough" of the elite PC warez organization called The Humble Guys, or THG. The THG group would first upload their package to their world headquarters, "Candyland BBS" or later "The P.I.T.S. BBS", to establish distribution immediately. Such organizations are also known as warez groups or crack groups. The first use came in 1990 on the THG release of the PC game Knights of Legend. This file was used in lieu of the more common README.TXT or README.1ST file names. The perpetuation of this file extension legacy was carried on by warez groups which followed after THG and is still in use to this day. Hence its strong presence on Usenet newsgroups that carry binaries and on P2P file trading networks.
The Humble Guys later became a demogroup, thus bringing the .nfo file tradition into the demoscene. More than forty thousand demoscene productions have an NFO file next to the program file.
Before Windows 95 was introduced, NFO files also sometimes used ANSI-escape sequences to generate animated ASCII art (ANSI art). These animations, however, required ANSI.SYS to be loaded by the DOS shell. If the user's computer wasn't already configured to load the ANSI.SYS driver, viewing ANSI art required reconfiguring and rebooting. Because of this, ANSI art was much less common, and getting ANSI art to display correctly on a Windows 95 PC often proved more difficult, leading to a decline of such art in NFO files.
The ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) code page 437 character set was originally designed by IBM for the earliest DOS PCs so many years ago. Therefore, it was not destined to become standardized throughout the non-English world. Recently to aid internationalization, instead of using the old code page 437 extended ASCII characters, modern ASCII art uses the current de facto web standard ISO-8859-1/ISO-8859-15 or Unicode UTF-8 characters.
### Usage of NFO files in publishing of warez
The files have been explained as essentially being the press releases of the warez scene. They are commonly associated with warez groups who include them to declare credit of said release. NFO files were ubiquitous, and sometimes required, during the era of the BBS. The file was a stamp of authenticity, explicitly explaining what group released the software and described what modifications (or cracks) were applied if any. Once a software was "packaged" with an NFO and then released, it was then officially owned by that group and no other group could ethically re-release that particular package. A typical warez NFO file was elaborate and highly decorated, and usually included a large ASCII art logo along with software release and extended warez group information. The most important information is which group, which cracker and which member actually tested and packaged. The designers of these NFO files, who worked closely or within the warez groups, frequently incorporated extended ASCII characters from the character set code page 437 in the file.
As of 2019, NFO files can still be found in many ZIP archives. In modern-day warez NFO files, a large ASCII art logo is frequently shown at the top, followed by textual information below.
## Software
The home theater software Kodi uses NFO files for its library. Plex Media Server uses NFO files for match movie library. Filebot app fetch artwork and create NFO files for TV shows or movies. NFO files are also used by media managers ViMediaManager, tinyMediaManager, Ember Media Manager, CouchPotato - a usenet and torrents client, MediaElch, TV show organiser Media Companion, digital media library manager Media Center Master. An NFO plug-in is also available for Opus, an open access repositories software.
NFO files are plain text files. The simplest method to view is using a text editor and selecting a monospace font and set "US Latin" or "extended ASCII". On Windows 95 using Microsoft Notepad the Terminal font set to 11pt usually produced a good rendering of ascii art on common CRTs of the time and could be set as the default viewer NFO files. However, web browsers use an incompatible alternative encoding scheme resulting in incorrect rendering of NFO files. Also, many modern text editors often use proportional fonts whereas the ASCII art included in both old and new NFO files is heavily dependent on the file being viewed with a fixed-width font. For this reason dedicated NFO viewers are available which are text editors with appropriate fonts (such as Terminus) and encoding settings, automatic window size and clickable hyperlinks. Additionally, online NFO viewers are also available to browse public NFO databases.
## Microsoft Windows
On Microsoft Windows, the NFO filename extension is associated with a Microsoft software tool called System Information (msinfo32.exe). System Information provides a general overview of a computer's system specifications as well as detailed information on the system's hardware components and information about the Windows environment. NFO files that are meant for System Information contain all of the information that System Information displays saved in an XML format.
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.nfo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.nfo
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2024-10-25T18:32:19Z
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Q1258721
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{{Short description|File format}}
{{Infobox file format
| name =
| icon =
| iconcaption =
| icon_size =
| screenshot = Wikipedia-nfo.png
| screenshot_size = 200px
| caption = Screenshot of a sample .nfo file
|_noextcode =
| extension = .nfo
|_nomimecode = no
| mime = {{code|text/x-nfo}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/otsaloma/nfoview/blob/master/NEWS.md|title=NFO Viewer|work=NEWS file|date=2008-05-18|quote=Remove mimetype installation files and use the new 'text/x-nfo' mimetype added with [[freedesktop.org]]'s shared-mime-info 0.30}}</ref>
| type code =
| uniform_type =
| conforms_to =
| magic =
| developer =
| released = {{start date and age|1990|01|23}}<ref name="firstnfo">{{cite web|url=https://defacto2.net/f/ab3945|title=Knights Of Legend|author=The Humble Guys (THG)|date=1990-01-23|work=Defacto2|quote=The Humble Guys is born on the 22-Jan-1990, and this is most probably their first release. I believe the file KNIGHTS.NFO found within is the first time an NFO file extension has been in use to signify a file with information.}}</ref>
| latest_release_version =
| latest_release_date = <!-- {{start date and age|YYYY|mm|dd|df=yes/no}} -->
| genre = [[Plain text]]
| container_for =
| contained_by =
| extended_from =
| extended_to =
| standard = <!-- or: | standards = -->
| free =
| url = [https://web.archive.org/web/20060125011753/http://www.nforce.nl/ nforce.nl]
}}
'''.nfo''' (also written '''.NFO''' or '''NFO''', a [[abbreviation|contraction]] of "info", or "[[information]]") is a [[filename extension]] for text files that accompany [[warez scene]] releases of [[Copyright infringement|pirated]] software or media.
NFO files contain information about the release, such as the digital media title, authorship, year, or license information. This information is delivered for publishing through digital media to make it searchable on the web as well as within local catalogues and libraries.
== Content ==
NFO files usually contain release information about the media. The information may include authorship and license information. If the NFO file is for software, product installation notes can also be found.<ref name="Craig2005">{{Cite book | last1 = Craig | first1 = P. | last2 = Honick | first2 = R. | last3 = Burnett | first3 = M. | doi = 10.1016/B978-193226698-6/50038-6 | title = Software Piracy Exposed | chapter = Why Software Is Pirated | pages = [https://archive.org/details/softwarepiracyex0000crai/page/239 239] | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-1-93-226698-6 | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/softwarepiracyex0000crai/page/239 }} "NFOs are text files that contain descriptions about the media. If the NFO is for software, you will probably find product installation notes such as CDKEYS or serial numbers, in this text file."</ref> NFO files are also often found in [[demoscene]] productions, where the respective groups include them for credits, contact details, and the software requirements.<ref name="defacto" />
Unlike [[README]] files, NFO files often contain elaborate [[ANSI art]].<ref name="defacto">{{cite web|url=http://www.defacto2.net/documents.cfm|title=Defacto2 - Scene Documents, text and NFO files}}</ref>
== History ==
NFO files were first introduced by "Fabulous Furlough" of the elite [[IBM PC|PC]] warez organization called [[The Humble Guys]], or THG.<ref name=textfiles /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.textfiles.com/piracy/HUMBLE/|title=NFO files by THG}} Evidence of the very first NFO files by The Humble Guys.</ref> The THG group would first upload their package to their world headquarters, "Candyland BBS" or later "The P.I.T.S. BBS", to establish distribution immediately. Such organizations are also known as [[warez group]]s or [[software cracking|crack groups]]. The first use came in 1990 on the THG release of the PC game ''[[Knights of Legend]]''.<ref name="firstnfo" /> This file was used in lieu of the more common [[readme|README.TXT]] or README.1ST file names.<ref name="textfiles">{{cite web |url=http://www.defacto2.net/file/download/a53981 |title=Online Software Piracy of the Last Millennium |first=Ben |last=Garrett |date=2004-04-27 |publisher=defacto2.net |format=pdf}}<!-- http://www.defacto2.net/file/detail/a53981 --></ref> The perpetuation of this file extension legacy was carried on by warez groups which followed after THG and is still in use to this day. Hence its strong presence on [[Usenet]] newsgroups that carry binaries and on [[P2P file sharing|P2P file trading]] networks.
The Humble Guys later became a [[demogroup]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pouet.net/groups.php?which=1673|title=Demo's from The Humble Guys}}</ref> thus bringing the .nfo file tradition into the demoscene. More than forty thousand demoscene productions have an NFO file next to the program file.<ref>{{cite conference |url=http://www.cerc-conf.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/CERC-2013-proceedings.pdf |title=Preventing Digital Subcultures from becoming Victims of the Technological Change |last=Hastik |first=Canan |year=2013 |publisher=Collaborative European Research Conference 2012 |pages=167–176 |location=Cork |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213020608/http://cerc.cit.ie/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Proceedings.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-13 |url-status=dead |access-date=2013-12-13 }}</ref>
Before [[Windows 95]] was introduced, NFO files also sometimes used ANSI-escape sequences to generate animated ASCII art ([[ANSI art]]). These animations, however, required [[ANSI.SYS]] to be loaded by the [[COMMAND.COM|DOS shell]]. If the user's computer wasn't already configured to load the ANSI.SYS driver, viewing ANSI art required reconfiguring and rebooting. Because of this, ANSI art was much less common, and getting ANSI art to display correctly on a Windows 95 PC often proved more difficult, leading to a decline of such art in NFO files.
The ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) [[code page 437]] character set was originally designed by IBM for the earliest DOS PCs so many years ago. Therefore, it was not destined to become standardized throughout the non-English world. Recently to aid internationalization, instead of using the old code page 437 extended ASCII characters, modern ASCII art uses the current [[de facto]] web standard [[ISO-8859-1]]/[[ISO-8859-15]] or [[Unicode]] [[UTF-8]] characters.
=== Usage of NFO files in publishing of warez ===
The files have been explained as essentially being the [[press release]]s of the warez scene.<ref name="eweek">{{cite web |url=http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Security/Tracking-the-Crackers-A-Look-at-Software-Piracy/ |title=Tracking the Crackers—A Look at Software Piracy |work=[[eWeek]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122133911/http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Security/Tracking-the-Crackers-A-Look-at-Software-Piracy/ |archive-date=2013-01-22 |url-status=live |date=2008-11-14 |issn=1530-6283 |first=Brian |last=Prince }}</ref> They are commonly associated with [[warez groups]] who include them to declare credit of said release.<ref name="thenewyorker">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/04/27/the-man-who-broke-the-music-business |title=The Man Who Broke the Music Business - The dawn of online piracy |date=2015-04-27 |first=Stephen |last=Witt |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |quote=NFO files were a way for Scene crews to brag about their scores, shout out important associates, and advertise to potential recruits.}}</ref> NFO files were ubiquitous, and sometimes required, during the era of the [[Bulletin Board System|BBS]]. The file was a stamp of authenticity, explicitly explaining what group released the software and described what modifications (or cracks) were applied if any.<ref name="WarezWars">{{cite magazine |first=David |last=McCandless |title=Warez Wars |url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/5.04/ff_warez.html |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=April 1997|quote=NFO files do more than brag or supply installation instructions; they testify that the ware is a bona fide release, guaranteed to work. And this is more than just posturing; a group's reputation is paramount.}}</ref> Once a software was "packaged" with an NFO and then released, it was then officially owned by that group and no other group could ethically re-release that particular package{{jargon inline|date=October 2024}}. A typical warez NFO file was elaborate and highly decorated, and usually included a large [[ASCII art]] logo along with software release and extended warez group information. The most important information is which group, which cracker and which member actually tested and packaged. The designers of these NFO files, who worked closely or within the warez groups, frequently incorporated [[extended ASCII]] characters from the character set [[code page 437]] in the file.
As of 2019, NFO files can still be found in many [[ZIP file format|ZIP]] archives. In modern-day warez NFO files, a large ASCII art logo is frequently shown at the top, followed by textual information below.
== Software ==
The [[Home cinema|home theater]] software [[Kodi (software)|Kodi]] uses NFO files for its library.<ref>{{Cite web|title = NFO files - Kodi|url = http://kodi.wiki/view/NFO_files|website = kodi.wiki|access-date = 2016-01-12}}</ref> Plex Media Server uses NFO files for match movie library. Filebot app fetch artwork and create NFO files for TV shows or movies. NFO files are also used by media managers ViMediaManager, tinyMediaManager, Ember Media Manager, CouchPotato - a usenet and torrents client, MediaElch, TV show organiser Media Companion, digital media library manager Media Center Master. An NFO plug-in is also available for [[OPUS (software)|Opus]], an open access repositories software.<ref>{{Cite web|title = NFO Viewer Plugin for Directory Opus|url = http://www.pretentiousname.com/nfo/index.html|website = www.pretentiousname.com|access-date = 2016-01-12}}</ref>
NFO files are plain text files. The simplest method to view is using a [[text editor]] and selecting a [[monospace font]] and set "US Latin" or "extended ASCII". On [[Windows 95]] using [[Microsoft Notepad]] the [[Terminal (typeface)|Terminal]] font set to 11pt usually produced a good rendering of ascii art on common [[CRT monitor|CRTs]] of the time and could be set as the default viewer NFO files. However, web browsers use an incompatible alternative encoding scheme resulting in incorrect rendering of NFO files. Also, many modern text editors often use [[proportional font]]s whereas the ASCII art included in both old and new NFO files is heavily dependent on the file being viewed with a fixed-width font. For this reason dedicated NFO viewers are available which are text editors with appropriate fonts (such as Terminus{{jargon inline|date=October 2024}}<ref name="nfoview" />) and encoding settings, automatic window size and clickable hyperlinks.<ref name="nfoview">{{cite web|url=https://otsaloma.github.io/nfoview/|title=NFO Viewer|quote=NFO Viewer is a simple viewer for NFO files, which are "ASCII" art in the CP437 codepage.|access-date=2017-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326081407/http://otsaloma.github.io/nfoview/|archive-date=2017-03-26|url-status=dead}}</ref> Additionally, online NFO viewers are also available to browse public NFO databases.
== Microsoft Windows ==
On [[Microsoft Windows]], the NFO filename extension is associated with a Microsoft software tool called [[System Information (Windows)|''System Information'']] (msinfo32.exe).<ref>{{ cite web|url=http://www.fileinfo.com/extension/nfo|title=.NFO File Extension |quote=Windows may unsuccessfully attempt to use the Microsoft Help program in order to open the file; instead open the file directly with a text editor.}}</ref> System Information provides a general overview of a computer's system specifications as well as detailed information on the system's hardware components and information about the Windows environment. NFO files that are meant for System Information contain all of the information that System Information displays saved in an XML format.
== See also ==
* [[README]]
* [[FILE_ID.DIZ]]
* [[The iSONEWS]]
* [[.sfv]] - Simple file verification
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:nfo}}
[[Category:ASCII art]]
[[Category:Warez]]
[[Category:Filename extensions]]
[[Category:Text file formats]]
[[Category:Demoscene]]
[[Category:Hacker culture]]
| 1,253,387,405
|
[{"title": "", "data": {"Filename extension": ".nfo", "Internet media type": "text/x-nfo", "Initial release": "January 23, 1990", "Type of format": "Plain text", "Website": "nforce.nl"}}]
| false
|
# 1903 Tampa football team
The 1903 Tampa football team was an amateur American football team based in Tampa, Florida which competed during the 1903 college football season. The Tampa Football club should not be confused with the University of Tampa's football program, as the school was not established until 1933.
The Tampa team was active for several years in the early 1900s and competed against early college football squads along with amateur teams organized by military bases and other local clubs from around Florida. The club's founder and manager, local businessman J. L. Reed, was considered instrumental in bringing the game of football to Tampa.
The 1903 Tampa Football club team was coached by Bobby Lynch and posted a 3–2–1 record. The squad's colors were red and black.
The touchdown in the New Years Day game was scored by Bob Jaughin, future sheriff of Hillsborough County, Florida, during Prohibition.
## Schedule
| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| ----------------------------- | ---------- | ------------------------------ | --------------------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------- |
| October 31 | 2:30 p. m. | Stetson | | L 0–5 | | [ 5 ] [ 6 ] |
| November 3 | | at Jacksonville Light Infantry | Jacksonville, Florida | L 0–10 | | [ 7 ] [ 8 ] |
| November 26 | | at Fort Desoto | Desoto Park | W 19–0 | 200 | [ 9 ] |
| December 15 | | Fort Desoto | | W 15–0 | | [ 10 ] |
| December 25 | | East Florida Seminary | | T 0–0 | | [ 11 ] |
| January 1 | | East Florida Seminary | DeSoto Park | W 5–0 | | [ 12 ] |
| All times are in Eastern time | | | | | | |
|
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enwiki
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1903 Tampa football team
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_Tampa_football_team
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2023-08-12T05:49:10Z
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en
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Q113560665
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{{short description|American college football season}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox college sports team season
| year = 1903
| team = Tampa
| sport = football
| image =
| image_size =
| conference = Independent
| record = 3–2–1
| head_coach = Bobby Lynch
| hc_year =
| captain = Bert Steadman
| stadium =
}}
The '''1903 Tampa football team''' was an amateur [[American football]] team based in [[Tampa, Florida]] which competed during the [[1903 college football season]]. The Tampa Football club should not be confused with the [[Tampa Spartans football|University of Tampa's football program]], as the school was not established until 1933.
The Tampa team was active for several years in the early 1900s and competed against early [[college football]] squads along with amateur teams organized by military bases and other local clubs from around Florida. The club's founder and manager, local businessman J. L. Reed, was considered instrumental in bringing the game of football to Tampa.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107904947/the-tampa-tribune/ | title=Clipped from the Tampa Tribune | newspaper=The Tampa Tribune | date=9 October 1903 | page=2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/44050062/obituary-for-j-l-reed-aged-68/ | title=Obituary for J. L. REED (Aged 68) | newspaper=The Tampa Tribune | date=17 December 1938 | page=2 }}</ref>
The 1903 Tampa Football club team was coached by Bobby Lynch and posted a 3–2–1 record. The squad's colors were red and black.
The touchdown in the New Years Day game was scored by Bob Jaughin, future sheriff of Hillsborough County, Florida, during Prohibition.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/110521725/the-tampa-tribune/ | title=Clipped from the Tampa Tribune | newspaper=The Tampa Tribune | date=3 January 1904 | page=8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Philip |title=Descendants of Mark Joughin and Esther Quayle - Cronk Bane, Bride. |url=https://www.mannincloud.info/docs/Mark_Joughin_1746.pdf |date=2014}}</ref>
==Schedule==
{{CFB schedule
| timezone = Eastern
|
{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 31
| time = 2:30 p. m.
| w/l = l
| opponent = [[1903 Stetson Hatters football team|Stetson]]
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst =
| score = 0–5
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107755832/the-deland-news/|title=Stetson 5, Tampa 0|work=The DeLand News|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn95026697/1903-10-30/ed-1/seq-1/|title=The DeLand weekly news. [volume] (DeLand, Fla.) 1887-190?, October 30, 1903, Image 1|first=National Endowment for the|last=Humanities|date=October 30, 1903|via=chroniclingamerica.loc.gov}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 3
| w/l = l
| away = y
| opponent = Jacksonville Light Infantry
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Jacksonville, Florida]]
| score = 0–10
| source = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107756193/the-tampa-tribune/|title=Clipped From The Tampa Tribune|date=November 3, 1903|pages=1|via=newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107904302/the-tampa-tribune/ | title=Clipped from the Tampa Tribune | newspaper=The Tampa Tribune | date=4 November 1903 | page=1 }}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 26
| w/l = w
| away = y
| opponent = Fort Desoto
| site_stadium = Desoto Park
| site_cityst =
| score = 19–0
| attend = 200
| source = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107756134/the-tampa-tribune/|title=Clipped From The Tampa Tribune|date=December 16, 1903|pages=1|via=newspapers.com}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = December 15
| w/l = w
| opponent = Fort Desoto
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst =
| score = 15–0
| source = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107755867/the-tampa-tribune/|title=Red and Black Waved In Victory Yesterday|date=December 16, 1903|pages=1|via=newspapers.com}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = December 25
| w/l = t
| opponent = [[1903 East Florida Seminary football team|East Florida Seminary]]
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst =
| score = 0–0
| source=<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107756026/the-tampa-tribune/|title=The Football Game|date=December 27, 1903|page=1|work=The Tampa Tribune}} {{Open access}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = January 1
| w/l = w
| opponent = East Florida Seminary
| site_stadium = DeSoto Park
| site_cityst =
| score = 5–0
|source=<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107904509/the-tampa-tribune/ | title=Clipped from the Tampa Tribune | newspaper=The Tampa Tribune | date=2 January 1904 | page=1 }}</ref>
}}
}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:1903 college football season|Tampa]]
[[Category:1903 in sports in Florida|Tampa football]]
{{collegefootball-1903-season-stub}}
| 1,169,928,707
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[{"title": "1903 Tampa football", "data": {"Conference": "Independent", "Record": "3\u20132\u20131", "Head coach": "- Bobby Lynch", "Captain": "Bert Steadman"}}]
| false
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# 1871 in Chile
The following lists events that happened during 1871 in Chile.
## Incumbents
- President of Chile: José Joaquín Pérez (until September 18), Federico Errázuriz Zañartu
## Events
### June
- 15 June - Chilean presidential election, 1871
### October
- 6 October - Corpbanca begins business.
## Births
- 25 January - Juan Pablo Bennett (d. 1951)
- 4 August - Enrique Molina Garmendia (d. 1964)
## Deaths
- 29 August - Marcos Maturana (b. 1802)[1]
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1871 in Chile
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1871_in_Chile
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2024-09-02T23:53:10Z
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en
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Q19869791
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{refimprove|date=February 2024}}
{{Year in Chile|1871}}
The following lists events that happened during '''[[1871]] in [[Chile]]'''.
==Incumbents==
*[[President of Chile]]: [[José Joaquín Pérez]] (until September 18), [[Federico Errázuriz Zañartu]]
== Events ==
===June===
*15 June - [[Chilean presidential election, 1871]]
===October===
*6 October - [[Corpbanca]] begins business.
==Births==
*25 January - [[Juan Pablo Bennett]] (d. 1951)
*4 August - [[Enrique Molina Garmendia]] (d. 1964)
==Deaths==
*29 August - [[Marcos Maturana]] (b. 1802)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bcn.cl/historiapolitica/resenas_parlamentarias/wiki/Marcos_Maturana_del_Campo|title=Marcos Maturana del Campo|publisher=[[Library of the National Congress of Chile]]|access-date=8 February 2024|language=es}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Years in Chile}}
{{South America topic|1871 in}}
[[Category:1871 in Chile| ]]
[[Category:1870s in Chile]]
[[Category:1871 by country|Chile]]
[[Category:1871 in South America|Chile]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in Chile]]
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1870 - 1869 - 1868": "1871 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Chile \u00b7 \u2192 - 1872 - 1873 - 1874", "Decades": "1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s", "See also": "Other events of 1871 Timeline of Chilean history"}}]
| false
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# 1850 in architecture
The year 1850 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.
## Events
- November 1 – Foundation stone laid for church of All Saints, Margaret Street, London, designed by William Butterfield. supervised by Beresford Hope for the Cambridge Camden Society as a model of the High Victorian Gothic ecclesiological style.
## Buildings and structures
### Buildings completed
- Bratsberg Church, Trondheim, Norway.[1]
- Hillsgrove Covered Bridge, Pennsylvania, USA.[2]
- Britannia Bridge in North Wales, engineered by Robert Stephenson, is opened.
- Newcastle railway station in the north-east of England, designed by John Dobson, is opened.[3]
- Sainte-Geneviève Library in Paris, designed by Henri Labrouste, is completed, the first major public building with an exposed cast-iron frame.[4]
- Château de Boursault, France, designed by Jean-Jacques Arveuf-Fransquin.
- Peckforton Castle, England, designed by Anthony Salvin.
- Vĩnh Tràng Temple, Mỹ Tho, Vietnam.[5]
## Awards
- Grand Prix de Rome, architecture – Victor Louvet
- RIBA Royal Gold Medal – Charles Barry
## Births
- January 10 – John Wellborn Root, Chicago-based US architect (died 1891)
- February 17 – Frank Darling, Canadian architect associated with Toronto (died 1923)
- November 15 – Victor Laloux, French Beaux-Arts architect and teacher (died 1937)
- December 21 – Lluís Domènech i Montaner, Spanish-Catalan architect, a leader of Modernisme català, the Catalan Art Nouveau/Jugendstil movement (died 1927)
- Robert Worley, English architect (died 1930)
## Deaths
- February 19 – François Debret, French architect (born 1777)
- March 2 – Auguste-Henri-Victor Grandjean de Montigny, French architect influential in Brazil (born 1776)
- May 8 – Antonio Niccolini, Italian architect, scenic designer, and engraver (born 1772)[6]
- July 12 – Robert Stevenson, Scottish lighthouse engineer (born 1772)
- September 5 — John Holden Greene, American architect based in Providence, Rhode Island (born 1777)
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en
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1850|architecture}}
The year '''1850 in architecture''' involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.
==Events==
* [[November 1]] – Foundation stone laid for church of [[All Saints, Margaret Street]], London, designed by [[William Butterfield]]. supervised by Beresford Hope for the [[Cambridge Camden Society]] as a model of the [[High Victorian Gothic]] [[Ecclesiology|ecclesiological]] style.
==Buildings and structures==
{{See also|Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1850}}
===Buildings completed===
[[File:Salle de lecture Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve n03.jpg|thumb|[[Sainte-Geneviève Library]] reading room]]
* [[Bratsberg Church]], Trondheim, Norway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.strindahistorielag.no/wiki/index.php?title=Bratsberg_kirke|title=Bratsberg kirke|language=Norwegian|access-date=2011-04-15|publisher=Strinda historielag}}</ref>
* [[Hillsgrove Covered Bridge]], Pennsylvania, USA.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/ce/SelectWelcome.asp|title=Pennsylvania Cultural Resources Geographic Information System|publisher=[[Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission]]; [[Pennsylvania Department of Transportation]]|format=Searchable database|access-date=2011-01-12|archive-date=2007-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070721014609/https://www.dot7.state.pa.us/ce/SelectWelcome.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Britannia Bridge]] in North Wales, engineered by [[Robert Stephenson]], is opened.
* [[Newcastle railway station]] in the north-east of England, designed by [[John Dobson (architect)|John Dobson]], is opened.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Gordon|last1=Biddle|last2=Nock|first2=Oswald|authorlink2=Oswald Nock|title=The Railway Heritage of Britain|location=London|publisher=Michael Joseph|year=1983|isbn=0-7181-2355-7}}</ref>
* [[Sainte-Geneviève Library]] in [[Paris]], designed by [[Henri Labrouste]], is completed, the first major public building with an exposed [[Cast-iron architecture|cast-iron frame]].<ref>{{cite book|first1=Marvin|last1=Trachtenberg|first2=Isabelle|last2=Hyman|title=Architecture: from Prehistory to Post-Modernism – the Western tradition|location=London|publisher=Academy Editions|year=1986|isbn=0-85670-899-2|page=478}}</ref>
* [[Château de Boursault]], France, designed by [[Jean-Jacques Arveuf-Fransquin]].
* [[Peckforton Castle]], England, designed by [[Anthony Salvin]].
* [[Vĩnh Tràng Temple]], [[Mỹ Tho]], Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buddhismtoday.com/viet/pgvn/chua/002-danhlamnuocviet3.htm|language=Vietnamese|title=Các chùa Nam Bộ|author=Võ Văn Tường|publisher=[[Buddhism Today]]|access-date=2008-05-30}}</ref>
==Awards==
* [[Grand Prix de Rome]], architecture – Victor Louvet
* [[Royal Institute of British Architects|RIBA]] [[Royal Gold Medal]] – [[Charles Barry]]
==Births==
* January 10 – [[John Wellborn Root]], Chicago-based US architect (died [[1891 in architecture|1891]])
* February 17 – [[Frank Darling (architect)|Frank Darling]], Canadian architect associated with Toronto (died [[1923 in architecture|1923]])
* November 15 – [[Victor Laloux]], French Beaux-Arts architect and teacher (died [[1937 in architecture|1937]])
* December 21 – [[Lluís Domènech i Montaner]], Spanish-Catalan architect, a leader of [[Modernisme català]], the Catalan Art Nouveau/Jugendstil movement (died [[1927 in architecture|1927]])
* [[Robert Worley (architect)|Robert Worley]], English architect (died [[1930 in architecture|1930]])
[[File:Muller-grandjean-mnba.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Auguste-Henri-Victor Grandjean de Montigny]]]]
==Deaths==
* February 19 – [[François Debret]], French architect (born [[1777 in architecture|1777]])
* March 2 – [[Auguste-Henri-Victor Grandjean de Montigny]], French architect influential in Brazil (born [[1776 in architecture|1776]])
* May 8 – [[Antonio Niccolini (architect)|Antonio Niccolini]], Italian architect, scenic designer, and engraver (born [[1772 in architecture|1772]])<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K4FtBaaM0xMC|title=Houses and Monuments of Pompeii: The Work of Fausto and Felice Niccolini|author1=Cassanelli, Roberto |author2=Ciapparelli, Pier Luigi |author3=Colle, Enrico |author4=David, Massimiliano |year=2001|page=23|isbn=9780892366842}}</ref>
* July 12 – [[Robert Stevenson (civil engineer)|Robert Stevenson]], Scottish lighthouse engineer (born [[1772 in architecture|1772]])
* September 5 — [[John Holden Greene]], American architect based in [[Providence, Rhode Island]] (born [[1777 in architecture|1777]])
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1850 works|Architecture]]
[[Category:Years in architecture]]
[[Category:19th-century architecture]]
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[]
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# 1892 Recreo earthquake
The 1892 Recreo earthquake took place in the Catamarca Province of Argentina on 21 March at about 01:45 AM, with magnitude of 6.0 on the Richter scale. Its epicenter was located approximately at 29°30′S 65°0′W / 29.500°S 65.000°W, and at a depth of about 30 kilometres (19 mi).
The earthquake had a maximum felt intensity of VII on the Mercalli intensity scale. It caused some fatalities and serious structural damage in the town of Recreo.
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{{Infobox earthquake
|title= 1892 Recreo earthquake
|map2 = {{Location map | Argentina|relief=1
| label=
| lat=-29.5
| long=-65.0
| mark=Bullseye1.png
| marksize=40
| position=top
| width= 250
| float=right
| caption=
}}
|pre-1900 = yes
|local-date= {{Start-date|March 21, 1892}}
|magnitude = 6.0 (est.)
|intensity = {{MMI|VII}}
|depth=30
|location={{coord|-29.5|-65.0||display=inline,title}}
|countries affected = [[Argentina]], [[Catamarca Province]]
|tsunami =
|casualties = some
}}
The '''1892 Recreo earthquake''' took place in the [[Catamarca Province]] of [[Argentina]] on 21 March at about 01:45 AM, with magnitude of 6.0 on the [[Richter scale]]. Its [[epicenter]] was located approximately at {{coord|29|30|S|65|0|W|}}, and at a depth of about {{convert|30|km|mi|0}}.
The earthquake had a maximum felt intensity of VII on the [[Mercalli intensity scale]]. It caused some fatalities and serious structural damage in the town of [[Recreo]].
==See also==
* [[List of earthquakes in Argentina]]
* [[List of historical earthquakes]]
==References==
* {{in lang|es}} Instituto Nacional de Prevención Sísmica. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110929075554/http://www.inpres.gov.ar/seismology/seismology/historic/hist.panel.htm ''Listado de Terremotos Históricos''].
{{Earthquakes in the 1890s (decade)}}
[[Category:Earthquakes in Argentina|1892]]
[[Category:Geology of Catamarca Province]]
[[Category:1892 in Argentina|Recreo Earthquake, 1892]]
[[Category:1892 earthquakes]]
[[Category:March 1892]]
[[Category:1892 disasters in Argentina]]
{{SouthAm-earthquake-stub}}
{{Argentina-hist-stub}}
| 1,271,055,345
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[{"title": "1892 Recreo earthquake", "data": {"Local date": "March 21, 1892", "Magnitude": "6.0 (est.)", "Depth": "30", "Epicenter": "29\u00b030\u2032S 65\u00b000\u2032W\ufeff / \ufeff29.5\u00b0S 65.0\u00b0W", "Areas affected": "Argentina, Catamarca Province", "Max. intensity": "MMI VII (Very strong)", "Casualties": "some"}}]
| false
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# 1690s in architecture
## Buildings and structures
### Buildings
- 1690
- The Sindone Chapel in Turin, Piedmont, designed by Guarino Guarini is completed.
- The Barrage Vauban, designed by Vauban and built by Jacques Tarade in Strasbourg, France, is completed
- 1690–1700 – Two Baroque palaces in Vilnius, Sapieha Palace and Slushko Palace, designed by Pietro Perti, are erected.
- 1689–1691 – Swallowfield Park, near Reading, Berkshire, England, designed by William Talman, is built.
- 1691–1697 – Branicki Palace, Białystok, Poland, designed by Tylman van Gameren, is built.
- 1692
- St. Kazimierz Church, Warsaw, Poland, designed by Tylman van Gameren, is completed.
- Theatine Church, Munich, Bavaria, designed by Agostino Barelli in 1662, is substantially completed to the design of Enrico Zuccalli.
- 1694
- The Potala Palace in Lhasa is completed by construction of the Potrang Marpo ('Red Palace').
- The Radziejowski Palace in Nieborów, Poland, designed by Tylman van Gameren, is built.
- The Chapel of the Holy Shroud in Turin, begun by Amedeo di Castellamonte in 1668, is completed to the design of Guarino Guarini.
- 1695 – Wren Library, the library of Trinity College, Cambridge, England, designed by Christopher Wren, is completed.
- 1695–1699 – Craigiehall, near Edinburgh, Scotland, designed by Sir William Bruce.
- 1696
- Main façades of Chatsworth House completed to designs of William Talman in a pioneering English Baroque style.
- Library of The Queen's College, Oxford, designed locally, is completed.[1]
- Construction of Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna to the design of Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach begins.
- 1697 – Trinity Cathedral in Solikamsk, Russia (begun 1683), is completed.
- 1698 – Fortified town of Neuf-Brisach in Alsace, designed by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, is begun.
- 1699 – Castle Howard in Yorkshire, England (completed 1712), designed by Sir John Vanbrugh and Nicholas Hawksmoor, is begun.
## Events
- 1696 – Window tax is introduced in England.
- 1697: May 7 – The 13th century royal Tre Kronor ("Three Crowns") castle in Stockholm burns to the ground; the plan for the replacement Stockholm Palace by Nicodemus Tessin the Younger is presented a few weeks later.
## Births
- 1690 – Richard Cassels, German-born architect working in Ireland (died 1751)
- 1691
- June 17 – Giovanni Paolo Panini, Italian painter and architect (died 1765)
- September 1 – James Burrough, English academic, amateur architect and antiquary (died 1764)
- 1692 – Pietro Antonio Trezzini, Swiss architect working in Saint Petersburg (died after 1760)
- 1693
- January 29 – Henry, Lord Herbert, later Earl of Pembroke, English courtier and architect (died 1749)
- September 13 – Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach, Viennese architect (died 1742)
- 1694
- April 25 – Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, English aristocrat and architect (died 1753)
- September 26 – Martin Schmid, Swiss Jesuit missionary, musician and architect working in Bolivia (died 1772)
- 1695
- April 19 – Roger Morris, English architect (died 1749)
- October 23 – François de Cuvilliés, Walloon-born dwarf and architect working in Bavaria (died 1768)
- 1696: September 14 (bapt.) – Batty Langley, English garden architect (died 1751)
- 1698: October 23 – Ange-Jacques Gabriel, French architect (died 1782)
- 1699
- Edward Lovett Pearce, Irish architect (died 1733)
- (probable date) – Matthew Brettingham, English architect (died 1769)
## Deaths
- 1691: February 8 – Carlo Rainaldi, Roman architect (born 1611)
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{refimprove|date=February 2015}}
{{Year topic navigation|1690|architecture}}
==Buildings and structures==
{{See also|Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1690}}
===Buildings===
[[File:Lhasa Potala.jpg|thumb|[[Potala Palace]]]]
* 1690
** The [[Sindone Chapel]] in [[Turin]], Piedmont, designed by [[Guarino Guarini]] is completed.
** The [[Barrage Vauban]], designed by [[Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban|Vauban]] and built by [[Jacques Tarade]] in [[Strasbourg]], France, is completed
* 1690–1700 – Two Baroque palaces in [[Vilnius]], [[Sapieha Palace in Vilnius|Sapieha Palace]] and [[Slushko Palace]], designed by [[Pietro Perti]], are erected.
* 1689–1691 – [[Swallowfield Park]], near [[Reading, Berkshire]], England, designed by [[William Talman (architect)|William Talman]], is built.
* 1691–1697 – [[Branicki Palace, Białystok]], Poland, designed by [[Tylman van Gameren]], is built.
* 1692
** [[St. Kazimierz Church]], [[Warsaw]], Poland, designed by [[Tylman van Gameren]], is completed.
** [[Theatine Church, Munich]], Bavaria, designed by [[Agostino Barelli]] in 1662, is substantially completed to the design of [[Enrico Zuccalli]].
* 1694
** The [[Potala Palace]] in [[Lhasa]] is completed by construction of the Potrang Marpo ('Red Palace').
** The [[:File:Poland Nieborów Palace 007.jpg|Radziejowski Palace]] in [[Nieborów]], Poland, designed by [[Tylman van Gameren]], is built.
** The [[Chapel of the Holy Shroud]] in [[Turin]], begun by [[Amedeo di Castellamonte]] in 1668, is completed to the design of [[Guarino Guarini]].
* 1695 – [[Wren Library]], the library of [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], England, designed by [[Christopher Wren]], is completed.
[[File:Cmglee Cambridge Trinity College Neviles Court.jpg|thumb|[[Wren Library]]]]
* 1695–1699 – [[Craigiehall]], near Edinburgh, Scotland, designed by Sir [[William Bruce (architect)|William Bruce]].
* 1696
** Main façades of [[Chatsworth House#The 1st Duke's Chatsworth|Chatsworth House]] completed to designs of [[William Talman (architect)|William Talman]] in a pioneering [[English Baroque]] style.
** Library of [[The Queen's College, Oxford]], designed locally, is completed.<ref name=Tyack>{{cite book|title=Oxford: An Architectural Guide|last=Tyack|first=Geoffrey|year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-14-071045-0}}</ref>
** Construction of [[Schönbrunn Palace]] in Vienna to the design of [[Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach]] begins.
* 1697 – [[:File:Троицкий собор (Соликамск).jpg|Trinity Cathedral]] in [[Solikamsk]], Russia (begun [[1683 in architecture|1683]]), is completed.
* 1698 – Fortified town of [[Neuf-Brisach]] in [[Alsace]], designed by [[Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban]], is begun.
* 1699 – [[Castle Howard]] in Yorkshire, England (completed [[1712 in architecture|1712]]), designed by Sir [[John Vanbrugh]] and [[Nicholas Hawksmoor]], is begun.
==Events==
* 1696 – [[Window tax]] is introduced in [[England]].
* 1697: May 7 – The 13th century royal [[Tre Kronor (castle)|Tre Kronor]] ("Three Crowns") castle in [[Stockholm]] burns to the ground; the plan for the replacement [[Stockholm Palace]] by [[Nicodemus Tessin the Younger]] is presented a few weeks later.
==Births==
* 1690 – [[Richard Cassels]], German-born architect working in Ireland (died [[1751 in architecture|1751]])
* 1691
** June 17 – [[Giovanni Paolo Panini]], Italian painter and architect (died [[1765 in architecture|1765]])
** September 1 – [[James Burrough (architect)|James Burrough]], English academic, amateur architect and antiquary (died [[1764 in architecture|1764]])
* 1692 – [[Pietro Antonio Trezzini]], Swiss architect working in Saint Petersburg (died after 1760)
* 1693
** January 29 – [[Henry Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke|Henry, Lord Herbert]], later Earl of Pembroke, English courtier and architect (died [[1749 in architecture|1749]])
** September 13 – [[Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach]], Viennese architect (died [[1742 in architecture|1742]])
* 1694
** April 25 – [[Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington]], English aristocrat and architect (died [[1753 in architecture|1753]])
** September 26 – [[Martin Schmid]], Swiss Jesuit missionary, musician and architect working in Bolivia (died [[1772 in architecture|1772]])
* 1695
** April 19 – [[Roger Morris (1695–1749)|Roger Morris]], English architect (died [[1749 in architecture|1749]])
** October 23 – [[François de Cuvilliés]], Walloon-born dwarf and architect working in Bavaria (died [[1768 in architecture|1768]])
* 1696: September 14 ''(bapt.)'' – [[Batty Langley]], English garden architect (died 1751)
* 1698: October 23 – [[Ange-Jacques Gabriel]], French architect (died [[1782 in architecture|1782]])
* 1699
** [[Edward Lovett Pearce]], Irish architect (died [[1733 in architecture|1733]])
** ''(probable date)'' – [[Matthew Brettingham]], English architect (died [[1769 in architecture|1769]])
==Deaths==
* 1691: February 8 – [[Carlo Rainaldi]], Roman architect (born [[1611 in architecture|1611]])
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1690s architecture|*]]
[[Category:1690s works|Architecture]]
| 1,280,216,825
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[]
| false
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# 1929 All-Pacific Coast football team
The 1929 All-Pacific Coast football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the 1929 college football season. The organizations selecting teams in 1934 included the Associated Press (AP), the Newspaper Enterprise Association, and the United Press (UP).
## All-Pacific Coast selections
### Quarterback
- Marshall Duffield, USC (AP-1; UP-1)
- Russ Saunders, USC (NEA-1)
### Halfbacks
- Benny Lom, California (AP-1; NEA-1; UP-1)
- Merle Hufford, Washington (AP-1; NEA-1)
- Stud Stennett, St. Mary's (UP-1)
### Fullback
- Charles O. Smalling, Stanford (NEA-1; UP-1)
- Elmer Schwartz, Washington State (AP-1)
### Ends
- Francis Tappaan, USC (AP-1; NEA-1; UP-1)
- Donald "Mush" Muller, Stanford (AP-1; NEA-1)
- Norton (UP-1)
### Tackles
- Austin Colbert, Oregon (AP-1; NEA-1)
- George Ackerman, St. Mary's (AP-1; UP-1)
- M. Shields, Oregon (NEA-1 [guard]; UP-1)
- Paul Schwegler, Washington (NEA-1) (College Football Hall of Fame)
### Guards
- Bert Schwarz, California (AP-1; NEA-1; UP-1)
- Nate Barragar, USC (AP-1; UP-1)
### Centers
- Roy Riegels, California (AP-1; NEA-1; UP-1)
## Key
AP = Associated Press
NEA = Newspaper Enterprise Association, "compiled from selections by sports writers of NEA client newspapers"
UP = United Press
Bold = Consensus first-team selection by at least two of the AP, NEA and UP
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enwiki/47015961
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enwiki
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1929 All-Pacific Coast football team
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929_All-Pacific_Coast_football_team
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2024-12-30T15:14:15Z
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en
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Q20311851
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{{short description|American all-star college football team}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
The '''1929 All-Pacific Coast football team''' consists of [[American football]] players chosen by various organizations for All-Pacific Coast teams for the [[1929 college football season]]. The organizations selecting teams in 1934 included the [[Associated Press]] (AP),<ref name=AP/> the [[Newspaper Enterprise Association]],<ref name=NEA/> and the [[United Press]] (UP).<ref name=UP/>
==All-Pacific Coast selections==
===Quarterback===
* '''Marshall Duffield''', USC (AP-1; UP-1)
* [[Russ Saunders]], USC (NEA-1)
===Halfbacks===
* '''[[Benny Lom]]''', California (AP-1; NEA-1; UP-1)
* '''Merle Hufford''', Washington (AP-1; NEA-1)
* Stud Stennett, St. Mary's (UP-1)
===Fullback===
* '''Charles O. Smalling''', Stanford (NEA-1; UP-1)
* [[Elmer Schwartz]], Washington State (AP-1)
===Ends===
* '''Francis Tappaan''', USC (AP-1; NEA-1; UP-1)
* '''Donald "Mush" Muller''', Stanford (AP-1; NEA-1)
* Norton (UP-1)
===Tackles===
* '''Austin Colbert''', Oregon (AP-1; NEA-1)
* '''George Ackerman''', St. Mary's (AP-1; UP-1)
* '''M. Shields''', Oregon (NEA-1 [guard]; UP-1)
* [[Paul Schwegler]], Washington (NEA-1) (College Football Hall of Fame)
===Guards===
* '''Bert Schwarz''', California (AP-1; NEA-1; UP-1)
* '''[[Nate Barragar]]''', USC (AP-1; UP-1)
===Centers===
* '''[[Roy Riegels]]''', California (AP-1; NEA-1; UP-1)
==Key==
AP = [[Associated Press]]<ref name=AP>{{cite news|title=Bears and Trojans Given Three Places Each on all-Pacific Coast Team Named by Associated Press; Riegels Favored|newspaper=The Tribune-Republican, Greeley, Colorado|date=December 3, 1929|page=8|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/27258160/}}</ref>
NEA = [[Newspaper Enterprise Association]], "compiled from selections by sports writers of NEA client newspapers"<ref name=NEA>{{cite news|title=Many Stars on Coast Eleven|newspaper=The Ogden Standard-Examiner|date=December 8, 1929|page=15|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/27240602/}}</ref>
UP = [[United Press]]<ref name=UP>{{cite news|title=United Press Picks All-Coast Grid Team|author=Richard G. Baldwin|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|date=December 2, 1929|page=26|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/103603379/}}</ref>
'''Bold''' = Consensus first-team selection by at least two of the AP, NEA and UP
==See also==
*[[1929 College Football All-America Team]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{All-Pacific-12 football teams}}
[[Category:1929 Pacific Coast Conference football season|All-Pacific Coast Football Team]]
[[Category:All-Pacific Coast football teams]]
[[Category:All-Pac-12 Conference football teams]]
| 1,266,200,698
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[]
| false
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