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# 108 Regiment Royal Armoured Corps
108 Regiment Royal Armoured Corps (The Lancashire Fusiliers) (108 RAC) was an armoured regiment of the British Army's Royal Armoured Corps during World War II.
## Origin and traditions
108 Regiment RAC was formed at Barnard Castle on 1 November 1941 by the conversion to the armoured role of 1/5th (Bury) Battalion of the Lancashire Fusiliers, a 1st Line Territorial Army infantry battalion. 1/5th Battalion had been serving in 125th Infantry Brigade of 42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division, which were redesignated 10th Armoured Brigade and 42nd Armoured Division respectively. All three regiments in the brigade were drawn from the Lancashire Fusiliers and underwent simultaneous conversion (the other two became 109 RAC and 143 RAC).
The regiment was intensely proud of its Lancashire Fusiliers heritage, and always included the name in its RAC designation. Soon after its conversion, the 108th's officers were ordered to wear the black beret of the RAC with their battledress uniform; but in common with other infantry units transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps, personnel would have continued to wear their Lancashire Fusiliers cap badge on the beret. 108 RAC also continued the Lancashire Fusiliers' commemoration of Gallipoli Day (25 April) and Minden Day (1 August). Minden Day was celebrated by Trooping the Colour, a drum-head service, and regimental sports, followed by the officers visiting the men at dinner.
## Training
In January and February 1942 the regiment began to receive its first Covenanter tanks, some "in extremely poor condition". In May 1942, 10th Armoured Brigade was converted into 10th Tank Brigade. This meant that its role was changed from Cruiser to Infantry tanks, and 108 RAC began to receive Valentines and Churchills in place of Covenanters, which were passed on to the newly formed 1st Polish Armoured Division. The brigade also moved to the 'Dukeries' area of Nottinghamshire where RAC infantry tank training was carried out: 108 RAC moved to Rufford Abbey in June 1942.
In October 1942, 10th Tank Brigade was attached to 48th (South Midland) Division, a Reserve infantry division tasked with holding and training reinforcements. In December the Brigade and its regiments were given the role of producing drafts for RAC units serving overseas. Consequently, in January 1943 108 RAC reorganised into three training wings:
- Wireless
- Gunnery
- Driving and Maintenance
The regiment now held a very mixed collection of tanks, including Cruiser Mk I, Cruiser Mk II, Cruiser Mk IIa, Cruiser Mk III, Cruiser Mk IV, and Covenanters, Valentine and Churchill infantry tanks, and later some Sherman Vs. Throughout 1943, men were posted into the regiment from RAC training regiments, and posted out to drafts for overseas service.
## Disbandment
In August 1943, rumours began to circulate that 10th Tank Brigade was scheduled for disbandment. Members of Parliament for the Lancashire towns complained about the possible loss of their TA battalions, and a recruiting team arrived to persuaded men to volunteer for the Parachute Regiment if the brigade disbanded. Although 10th Tank Brigade moved to Wensleydale in September, with 108 RAC at Wensley village, the impending disbandment was confirmed shortly afterwards.
On 22 November the final announcement was received that 108 RAC would be disbanded by the end of the year, and 1/5th Lancashire Fusiliers would go into a state of suspended animation. Some officers were sent for retraining as infantry officers, but most of the officers and other ranks were posted to other RAC units or training regiments, with a few wireless operators transferring to the Royal Corps of Signals and gunners to the Royal Artillery.
Postwar, 5th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers was reconstituted in the Territorial Army 1947.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/108_Regiment_Royal_Armoured_Corps
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{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=108th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps (Lancashire Fusiliers)
|image=
|caption=
|dates=1941–1943
|country={{flag|United Kingdom}}
|allegiance=
|branch=[[Image:Flag of the British Army.svg|23px]] [[British Army]]
|type=Armoured Regiment
|role=Cruiser tank<br />Infantry Support<br />Training
|size=
|command_structure=[[Royal Armoured Corps]]
|garrison=
|garrison_label=
|nickname=
|patron=
|motto=
|colors=
|colors_label=
|march=
|mascot=
|equipment= [[Cruiser Mk I]]<br />[[Cruiser Mk II]]<br />[[Cruiser Mk II]]a<br />[[Covenanter tank|Covenanter]]<br />[[Crusader tank|Crusader]]<br />[[Valentine tank|Valentine]]<br />[[Churchill tank|Churchill]]<br />[[Lend-Lease Sherman tanks|Sherman V]]
|equipment_label=
|battles=
|anniversaries=[[Gallipoli Campaign|Gallipoli Day]] (25 April)<br />[[Minden Day]] (1 August)
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
|battle_honours_label=
|disbanded=1943
|notable_commanders=
}}
'''108 Regiment Royal Armoured Corps (The Lancashire Fusiliers)''' (108 RAC) was an [[Armoured warfare|armoured]] [[regiment]] of the [[British Army]]'s [[Royal Armoured Corps]] during [[World War II]].
==Origin and traditions==
108 Regiment RAC was formed at [[Barnard Castle]] on 1 November 1941 by the conversion to the armoured role of 1/5th (Bury) Battalion of the [[Lancashire Fusiliers]], a 1st Line [[Army Reserve (United Kingdom)|Territorial Army]] infantry battalion.<ref name = Forty>Forty pp. 50–1.</ref><ref>108th Regiment RAC War Diary, November 1941, [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives, Kew]] (TNA) file WO 166/1425.</ref> 1/5th Battalion had been serving in [[125th (Lancashire Fusiliers) Brigade|125th Infantry Brigade]] of [[42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division]], which were redesignated [[10th Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom)|10th Armoured Brigade]] and [[42nd Armoured Division (United Kingdom)|42nd Armoured Division]] respectively. All three regiments in the brigade were drawn from the Lancashire Fusiliers and underwent simultaneous conversion (the other two became [[109th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps|109 RAC]] and [[143rd Regiment Royal Armoured Corps|143 RAC]]).<ref>Joslen, pp. 29, 68, 164, 310.</ref>
The regiment was intensely proud of its Lancashire Fusiliers heritage, and always included the name in its RAC designation.<ref>108th Regiment RAC War Diaries 1941–43, TNA files WO 166/1425, 166/6928, WO166/11101.</ref> Soon after its conversion, the 108th's officers were ordered to wear the black beret of the RAC with their battledress uniform;<ref>108th Regiment RAC War Diary, 26 November 1941, TNA file WO 166/1425.</ref> but in common with other infantry units transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps, personnel would have continued to wear their Lancashire Fusiliers cap badge on the beret.<ref name = Forty/> 108 RAC also continued the Lancashire Fusiliers' commemoration of [[Gallipoli Campaign|Gallipoli Day]] (25 April) and [[Minden Day]] (1 August). Minden Day was celebrated by [[Trooping the Colour]], a drum-head service, and regimental sports, followed by the officers visiting the men at dinner.<ref>108th Regiment RAC War Diaries, April & August 1942, TNA file WO 166/6928; August 1943, file WO 166.11101.</ref>
==Training==
In January and February 1942 the regiment began to receive its first [[Covenanter tank|Covenanter]] tanks, some "in extremely poor condition".<ref>108th Regiment RAC War Diaries, January & February 1942, TNA file WO 166/6928.</ref> In May 1942, 10th Armoured Brigade was converted into [[10th Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom)|10th Tank Brigade]]. This meant that its role was changed from [[Cruiser tank|Cruiser]] to [[Infantry tank]]s, and 108 RAC began to receive [[Valentine tank|Valentines]] and [[Churchill tank|Churchills]] in place of Covenanters, which were passed on to the newly formed [[1st Armoured Division (Poland)|1st Polish Armoured Division]].<ref>Joslen, pp. 164, 198.</ref><ref>108th Regiment RAC War Diary, May 1942, TNA file WO 166/6928.</ref> The brigade also moved to the '[[Dukeries]]' area of Nottinghamshire where RAC infantry tank training was carried out: 108 RAC moved to [[Rufford Abbey]] in June 1942.
In October 1942, 10th Tank Brigade was attached to [[48th (South Midland) Division]], a Reserve infantry division tasked with holding and training reinforcements.<ref>Joslen, p. 198.</ref> In December the Brigade and its regiments were given the role of producing drafts for RAC units serving overseas.<ref>108th Regiment RAC War Diary, 22 December 1942, TNA file WO 166/6928.</ref> Consequently, in January 1943 108 RAC reorganised into three training wings:
* Wireless
* Gunnery
* Driving and Maintenance
The regiment now held a very mixed collection of tanks, including [[Cruiser Mk I]], [[Cruiser Mk II]], [[Cruiser Mk II]]a, [[Cruiser Mk III]], [[Cruiser Mk IV]], and Covenanters, Valentine and Churchill infantry tanks, and later some [[Lend-Lease Sherman tanks|Sherman V]]s. Throughout 1943, men were posted into the regiment from RAC training regiments, and posted out to drafts for overseas service.<ref>108th Regiment RAC War Diaries, 1943, TNA file WO 166/11101.</ref>
==Disbandment==
In August 1943, rumours began to circulate that 10th Tank Brigade was scheduled for disbandment. [[Member of Parliament|Members of Parliament]] for the Lancashire towns complained about the possible loss of their TA battalions, and a recruiting team arrived to persuaded men to volunteer for the [[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]] if the brigade disbanded. Although 10th Tank Brigade moved to [[Wensleydale]] in September, with 108 RAC at [[Wensley, North Yorkshire|Wensley village]], the impending disbandment was confirmed shortly afterwards.<ref>10th Armoured Brigade War Diaries August & September 1943, TNA file WO 166/10742.</ref><ref>108th Regiment RAC War Diaries, August & September 1943, TNA file WO 166/11101.</ref>
On 22 November the final announcement was received that 108 RAC would be disbanded by the end of the year, and 1/5th Lancashire Fusiliers would go into a state of suspended animation. Some officers were sent for retraining as infantry officers, but most of the officers and other ranks were posted to other RAC units or training regiments, with a few wireless operators transferring to the [[Royal Corps of Signals]] and gunners to the [[Royal Artillery]].<ref>108th Regiment RAC War Diaries, November & December 1943, TNA file WO 166/11101.</ref>
Postwar, 5th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers was reconstituted in the Territorial Army 1947.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://regiments.org/regiments/uk/volmil-england/vinf-no/la-f5.htm |title=5th Battalion, the Lancashire Fusiliers [UK] |website=regiments.org |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051227043136/http://regiments.org/regiments/uk/volmil-england/vinf-no/la-f5.htm |archive-date=27 December 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
* George Forty,''British Army Handbook 1939-194'', Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1998, {{ISBN|0-7509-1403-3}}.
* {{Joslen-OOB}}
==External sources==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051228103659/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/index.htm Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth]
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{RAC armoured regiments of the Second World War}}
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1941]]
[[Category:Regiments of the Royal Armoured Corps]]
[[Category:Regiments of the British Army in World War II|Royal Armoured Corps 108]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1943]]
| 1,165,444,997 |
[{"title": "108th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps (Lancashire Fusiliers)", "data": {"Active": "1941\u20131943", "Disbanded": "1943", "Country": "United Kingdom", "Branch": "British Army", "Type": "Armoured Regiment", "Role": "Cruiser tank \u00b7 Infantry Support \u00b7 Training", "Part of": "Royal Armoured Corps", "Anniversaries": "Gallipoli Day (25 April) \u00b7 Minden Day (1 August)", "Equipment": "Cruiser Mk I \u00b7 Cruiser Mk II \u00b7 Cruiser Mk IIa \u00b7 Covenanter \u00b7 Crusader \u00b7 Valentine \u00b7 Churchill \u00b7 Sherman V"}}]
| false |
# 1924–25 Army Cadets men's ice hockey season
The 1924–25 Army Cadets men's ice hockey season was the 22nd season of play for the program. The team was coached by Ray Marchand in his 2nd season.
## Season
For Marchand's second season behind the bench, he would have to rebuild a team that lost all three starting forwards and its goaltender. Two reserves from last season (Heidner and Maude) were joined by new entry Thiebaud for the new offensive line while last year's reserve netminder, Lewis, was promoted to the starting role. Unfortunately, Army was again hampered by a lack of ice due to warm weather and had few opportunities to practice throughout the season. Despite the lack of familiarity between the forwards, Army got off to a good start, scoring 10 goals in its first three games. The match against MIT was affected by soft ice that bogged down players on both sides.
When Army met Boston University for the first time, both sides spent the first period feeling one another out. BU dominated the second period, scoring 4 times and making it seem like the game would be a rout. Army recovered in the final frame, however, and fired a barrage of shots at the opposing goaltender. Three managed to find the back of the next but the Cadets were prevented from tying the game by a stellar netminding performance. After a further win over Amherst, virtually all of the Stuart Rink ice melted and the team was unable to practice for two weeks. Things got so bad that Army was forced to play its first ever intercollegiate road game in mid-February, travelling south to take on Princeton.
With the ice missing, all signs were pointing to the rivalry game with the Royal Military College being cancelled. However, just prior to the match a cold wind blew in and Stuart Rink became usable once more. Just as they had over the previous two years, the Paladins proved superior and defeated the Cadets.
## Roster
| No. | Nat. | Player | Class | Pos | Height | Weight | DoB | Hometown | Previous team |
| --- | ------------- | -------------------------- | --------- | ---- | ------ | ------ | ---------- | -------------------------------- | ------------- |
| | United States | Willet J. Baird | Senior | D | | | 1902-01-13 | Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York | |
| | United States | Edmund K. Daley | Freshman | RW/D | | | 1907-07-28 | West Point, New York | |
| | United States | Alvin A. Heidner | Junior | C | | | 1904-10-14 | North Dakota | |
| | United States | Mark K. Lewis Jr. | Sophomore | G | | | 1902-10-29 | Maple Shade, New Jersey | |
| | United States | Joseph Lovejoy Jr. | Freshman | D | | | | Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts | |
| | United States | Raymond C. Maude | Junior | LW | | | 1902-07-01 | Framingham, Massachusetts | |
| | United States | Tito C. Moscatelli | Freshman | RW | | | 1904-09-04 | Cagli, Italy | |
| | United States | Frederick F. Scheiffler | Junior | LW | | | 1904-04-15 | Alpena, Michigan | |
| | United States | Kenneth E. Thiebaud | Sophomore | RW | | | 1904-05-08 | Saint Paul, Minnesota | |
| | United States | Henry R. Westphalinger (C) | Senior | D | | | 1903-03-28 | Saint Paul, Minnesota | |
| | United States | Robert M. Wohlforth | Sophomore | RW | | | 1904-02-25 | Spring Lake, New Jersey | |
## Standings
| 1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings |
| | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall |
| GP | W | L | T | Pct. | GF | GA | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | | |
| ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Amherst | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | .400 | 11 | 24 | | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 24 |
| Army | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | .583 | 16 | 12 | | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 16 | 17 |
| Bates | 7 | 1 | 6 | 0 | .143 | 12 | 27 | | 8 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 13 | 33 |
| Boston College | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | .500 | 3 | 1 | | 16 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 40 | 27 |
| Boston University | 11 | 6 | 4 | 1 | .591 | 30 | 24 | | 12 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 34 | 25 |
| Bowdoin | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | .667 | 10 | 7 | | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 13 |
| Clarkson | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | .000 | 2 | 31 | | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 9 | 46 |
| Colby | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 16 | | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 20 |
| Cornell | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | .200 | 7 | 23 | | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 23 |
| Dartmouth | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 28 | 12 |
| Hamilton | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | | 13 | 8 | 3 | 2 | – | – |
| Harvard | 10 | 8 | 2 | 0 | .800 | 38 | 20 | | 12 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 44 | 34 |
| Massachusetts Agricultural | 7 | 2 | 5 | 0 | .286 | 13 | 38 | | 7 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 13 | 38 |
| Middlebury | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | .500 | 1 | 8 | | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 |
| MIT | 8 | 2 | 4 | 2 | .375 | 15 | 28 | | 9 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 17 | 32 |
| New Hampshire | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | .667 | 8 | 6 | | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 11 |
| Princeton | 9 | 3 | 6 | 0 | .333 | 27 | 24 | | 17 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 59 | 54 |
| Rensselaer | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | .500 | 19 | 7 | | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 19 | 7 |
| Syracuse | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | 3 | 1 | | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 13 |
| Union | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | .250 | 8 | 22 | | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 22 |
| Williams | 7 | 3 | 4 | 0 | .429 | 26 | 17 | | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 33 | 19 |
| Yale | 13 | 11 | 1 | 1 | .885 | 46 | 12 | | 16 | 14 | 1 | 1 | 57 | 16 |
## Schedule and results
| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Record | | | | | | | |
| Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season |
| --------------------- | ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- |
| January 14 | Union* | Stuart Rink • West Point, New York | W 4–1 | 1–0–0 | | | | | | | |
| January 17 | MIT* | Stuart Rink • West Point, New York | T 1–1 | 1–0–1 | | | | | | | |
| January 24 | Bates* | Stuart Rink • West Point, New York | W 5–1 | 2–0–1 | | | | | | | |
| January 28 | Boston University* | Stuart Rink • West Point, New York | L 3–4 | 2–1–1 | | | | | | | |
| January | Amherst* | Stuart Rink • West Point, New York | W 2–0 | 3–1–1 | | | | | | | |
| February 14 | at Princeton* | Hobey Baker Memorial Rink • Princeton, New Jersey | L 1–5 | 3–2–1 | | | | | | | |
| February 28 | Royal Military College* | Stuart Rink • West Point, New York | L 0–5 | 3–3–1 | | | | | | | |
| *Non-conference game. | | | | | | | | | | | |
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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{NCAAIceHockeyTeamSeason
|color = color:white; background:#2C2A29; {{box-shadow border|a|#D3BC8D|2px}}
|color text = white
|Teamlink = [[Army Black Knights men's ice hockey|{{color|white|Army Cadets }}]]
|Season = [[1924–25 United States collegiate men's ice hockey season|{{color|white|1924–25}}]]
|Image = Army West Point logo.svg
|ImageSize = 200
|Team = Army Cadets
|Sex = men
|Conference = NCAA Division I independent schools (ice hockey)
|ShortConference = Independent
|ConferenceRank =
|Poll#1 =
|Poll#1Rank =
|Poll#2 =
|Poll#2Rank =
|Record = 3–3–1
|ConfRecord =
|HomeRecord = 3–2–1
|RoadRecord = 0–1–0
|NeutralRecord =
|HeadCoach = [[Ray Marchand]]
|AsstCoach1 =
|AsstCoach2 =
|Captain = Henry Westphalinger
|AltCaptain =
|Arena = [[Stuart Rink]]
|Champion =
|NCAATourney =
|NCAATourneyResult =
|prevseason = [[1923–24 Army Cadets men's ice hockey season|1923–24]]
|nextseason = [[1925–26 Army Cadets men's ice hockey season|1925–26]]
|headerstyle = {{CollegePrimaryStyle|Army Cadets |color=#FFFFFF}}
|labelstyle = background:#eeeeee;
}}
The '''1924–25 Army Cadets men's ice hockey season''' was the 22nd season of play for the program. The team was coached by [[Ray Marchand]] in his 2nd season.
==Season==
For Marchand's second season behind the bench, he would have to rebuild a team that lost all three starting forwards and its goaltender. Two reserves from last season (Heidner and Maude) were joined by new entry Thiebaud for the new offensive line while last year's reserve netminder, Lewis, was promoted to the starting role. Unfortunately, Army was again hampered by a lack of ice due to warm weather and had few opportunities to practice throughout the season.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://digital-library.usma.edu/digital/collection/howitzers/id/20840/rec/24 |title=1925 Howitzer |work=U.S. Military Academy |accessdate=January 2, 2022}}</ref> Despite the lack of familiarity between the forwards, Army got off to a good start, scoring 10 goals in its first three games. The match against [[MIT Engineers|MIT]] was affected by soft ice that bogged down players on both sides.
When Army met [[Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey|Boston University]] for the first time, both sides spent the first period feeling one another out. BU dominated the second period, scoring 4 times and making it seem like the game would be a rout. Army recovered in the final frame, however, and fired a barrage of shots at the opposing goaltender. Three managed to find the back of the next but the Cadets were prevented from tying the game by a stellar netminding performance. After a further win over [[Amherst Mammoths|Amherst]], virtually all of the Stuart Rink ice melted and the team was unable to practice for two weeks. Things got so bad that Army was forced to play its first ever intercollegiate road game in mid-February, travelling south to take on [[Princeton Tigers men's ice hockey|Princeton]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://theprince.princeton.edu/princetonperiodicals/?a=d&d=Princetonian19250216-01.2.2&e=------190-en-20--21-byDA-txt-txIN-hockey----1903-- |title=Roughness Abounds as Stickmen Defeat Army |work=The Daily Princetonian |date=February 16, 1925 |accessdate=January 4, 2022}}</ref>
With the ice missing, all signs were pointing to the rivalry game with the [[Royal Military College Paladins|Royal Military College]] being cancelled. However, just prior to the match a cold wind blew in and Stuart Rink became usable once more. Just as they had over the previous two years, the Paladins proved superior and defeated the Cadets.
==Roster==
{{College ice hockey team roster | noNHL =yes }}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Willet J. |last=Baird |link= |class=sr |rs= |pos=D |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear=1902 |birthmonth=1 |birthday=13 |country=USA |hometown=[[Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York]] |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Edmund K. |last=Daley |link= |class=fr |rs= |pos=RW/D |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear=1907 |birthmonth=7 |birthday=28 |country=USA |hometown=[[West Point, New York]] |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Alvin A. |last=Heidner |link= |class=jr |rs= |pos=C |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear=1904 |birthmonth=10 |birthday=14 |country=USA |hometown=[[North Dakota]] |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Mark K. |last=Lewis Jr. |link= |class=so |rs= |pos=G |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear=1902 |birthmonth=10 |birthday=29 |country=USA |hometown=[[Maple Shade, New Jersey]] |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Joseph |last=Lovejoy Jr. |link= |class=fr |rs= |pos=D |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear= |birthmonth= |birthday= |country=USA |hometown=[[Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts]] |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Raymond C. |last=Maude |link= |class=jr |rs= |pos=LW |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear=1902 |birthmonth=7 |birthday=1 |country=USA |hometown=[[Framingham, Massachusetts]] |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Tito C. |last=Moscatelli |link= |class=fr |rs= |pos=RW |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear=1904 |birthmonth=9 |birthday=4 |country=USA |hometown=[[Cagli]], [[Italy]] |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Frederick F. |last=Scheiffler |link= |class=jr |rs= |pos=LW |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear=1904 |birthmonth=4 |birthday=15 |country=USA |hometown=[[Alpena, Michigan]] |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Kenneth E. |last=Thiebaud |link= |class=so |rs= |pos=RW |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear=1904 |birthmonth=5 |birthday=8 |country=USA |hometown=[[Saint Paul, Minnesota]] |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Henry R. |last=Westphalinger |link= |class=sr |rs= |pos=D |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear=1903 |birthmonth=3 |birthday=28 |country=USA |hometown=[[Saint Paul, Minnesota]] |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=C}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Robert M. |last=Wohlforth |link= |class=so |rs= |pos=RW |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear=1904 |birthmonth=2 |birthday=25 |country=USA |hometown=[[Spring Lake, New Jersey]] |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{end}}
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SSHcAAAAMAAJ&q=crawford&pg=PA1639 |title=Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U.S. Military Academy |work=U.S. Military Academy |accessdate=August 22, 2020 |last1=Cullum |first1=George Washington |date=1920 }}</ref>
==Standings==
{{1924–25 Eastern Collegiate ice hockey standings (men)|team=ARMY}}
==Schedule and results==
{{CIH schedule start|time= |attend= |rank=no |tv= |decision= }}
|-
!colspan=12 style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Army Cadets |color=#FFFFFF}};" | '''Regular Season'''
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = January 14
| time =
| w/l = w
| nonconf = yes
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Union Dutchmen ice hockey|Union]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Stuart Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[West Point, New York]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 4–1
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 1–0–0
| conference =
}}
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = January 17
| time =
| w/l = t
| nonconf = yes
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[MIT Engineers men's ice hockey|MIT]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Stuart Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[West Point, New York]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 1–1
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 1–0–1
| conference =
}}
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = January 24
| time =
| w/l = w
| nonconf = yes
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Bates Bobcats men's ice hockey|Bates]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Stuart Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[West Point, New York]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 5–1
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 2–0–1
| conference =
}}
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = January 28
| time =
| w/l = l
| nonconf = yes
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Boston University Terriers men's ice hockey|Boston University]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Stuart Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[West Point, New York]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 3–4
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 2–1–1
| conference =
}}
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = January
| time =
| w/l = w
| nonconf = yes
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Amherst Mammoths men's ice hockey|Amherst]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Stuart Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[West Point, New York]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 2–0
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 3–1–1
| conference =
}}
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = February 14
| time =
| w/l = l
| nonconf = yes
| away = yes
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Princeton Tigers men's ice hockey|Princeton]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Hobey Baker Memorial Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[Princeton, New Jersey]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 1–5
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 3–2–1
| conference =
}}
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = February 28
| time =
| w/l = l
| nonconf = yes
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[RMC Paladins men's ice hockey|Royal Military College]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Stuart Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[West Point, New York]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 0–5
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 3–3–1
| conference =
}}
{{CIH schedule end|time=no|rank=no}}
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/sidearm.sites/goarmywestpoint.com/documents/2017/10/4/2017_18_Army_Hockey_Record_Book_Final_c.pdf |title=Army West Point Hockey 2017-18 Record book |work=Army Black Knights |accessdate=January 20, 2020}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|50em}}
{{Army Black Knights men's ice hockey navbox}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1924-25 Army Cadets men's ice hockey season}}
[[Category:Army Black Knights men's ice hockey seasons]]
[[Category:1924–25 in United States collegiate ice hockey by team|Army]]
[[Category:1924 in sports in New York (state)|Army]]
[[Category:1925 in sports in New York (state)|Army]]
| 1,276,430,496 |
[{"title": "1924\u201325 Army Cadets \u00b7 men's ice hockey season", "data": {"Conference": "Independent", "Home ice": "Stuart Rink"}}, {"title": "Record", "data": {"Overall": "3\u20133\u20131", "Home": "3\u20132\u20131", "Road": "0\u20131\u20130"}}, {"title": "Coaches and captains", "data": {"Head coach": "Ray Marchand", "Captain(s)": "Henry Westphalinger"}}]
| false |
# 1892–93 British Home Championship
The 1892–93 British Home Championship was an international football tournament between the British Home Nations. The competition was won and dominated by England, who beat all three rival teams and scored 17 goals in just three matches. Fred Spiksley claimed four and Walter Gilliat scored a hat-trick in the competition's opening game. Scotland came second with victories over Ireland and Wales, who finished third and fourth respectively.
England began as the strongest team, scoring twelve goals in the first two games against the Irish and the Welsh with only one in reply. Scotland too began well, winning their match against Wales in Wales by 8–0 before netting another six in a rout of Ireland at home. In the final games, England and Scotland played a match in London which England easily won 5–2 to whitewash their opponents and take the trophy. In a consolation game in Belfast, Ireland beat Wales 4–3 to finish third.
The official attendance for the England v. Scotland match was 16,000; the crowd was so large that it was forced to stand in front of the journalists who were therefore prevented from seeing all of the action. Consequently, there is some dispute over the goal-scorers: although it is not credited in any of the official references, it is now generally accepted that Spiksley scored a hat-trick.
## Table
| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| ----------- | --- | - | - | - | -- | -- | --- | --- |
| England (C) | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 3 | +14 | 6 |
| Scotland | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 6 | +10 | 4 |
| Ireland | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 15 | −9 | 2 |
| Wales | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 18 | −15 | 0 |
## Results
| England | 6–1 | Ireland |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------ | --- | ----------- |
| Gilliat 8', 18', 30' · Smith 43' · Winckworth 60' · Sandilands 75' | | Gaffikin 9' |
| England | 6–0 | Wales |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------- | --- | ----- |
| Spiksley 25', 43', 88' · Bassett 47' · Goodall 49' · Reynolds 75' | | |
| Wales | 0–8 | Scotland |
| ----- | --- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| | | Madden 4', 20', 47', 89' · Barker 25', 30', 40' · Lambie 65' |
| Scotland | 6–1 | Ireland |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --- | ------------ |
| Sellar 10', 27' · Torrans 20' (o.g.) · McMahon 28' · Kelly 60' · Hamilton 70' | | Gaffikin 44' |
| England | 5–2 | Scotland |
| ---------------------------------------------------- | --- | ------------------------ |
| Gosling 15' · Cotterill 65' · Spiksley 78', 80', 84' | | Waddell 30' · Sellar 55' |
| Ireland | 4–3 | Wales |
| ------------------------------- | --- | ----------------------- |
| Peden 5', 50', 58' · Wilton 82' | | Owen 34', 80' · Owen 8' |
## Winning squad
- England
| Name | Apps/Goals by opponent | Apps/Goals by opponent | Apps/Goals by opponent | Total | Total |
| Name | WAL | IRE | SCO | Apps | Goals |
| ------------------ | ---------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------- | ----- | ----- |
| Fred Spiksley | 1/3 | | 1/3 | 2 | 6 |
| George Cotterill | | 1 | 1/1 | 2 | 1 |
| Billy Bassett | 1/1 | | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Jack Reynolds | 1/1 | | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| A.H. Harrison | | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Bob Holmes | 1 | | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Walter Gilliat | | 1/3 | | 1 | 3 |
| Rupert Sandilands | | 1/1 | | 1 | 1 |
| Gilbert Smith | | 1/1 | | 1 | 1 |
| William Winckworth | | 1/1 | | 1 | 1 |
| Cunliffe Gosling | | | 1/1 | 1 | 1 |
| John Goodall | 1/1 | | | 1 | 1 |
| Edgar Chadwick | | | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Leslie Gay | | | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Johnny Holt | | | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| George Kinsey | | | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Chris Charsley | | 1 | | 1 | 0 |
| Norman Cooper | | 1 | | 1 | 0 |
| Frederick Pelly | | 1 | | 1 | 0 |
| Albert Smith | | 1 | | 1 | 0 |
| Robert Topham | | 1 | | 1 | 0 |
| Tommy Clare | 1 | | | 1 | 0 |
| Charlie Perry | 1 | | | 1 | 0 |
| J.W. Sutcliffe | 1 | | | 1 | 0 |
| Jimmy Turner | 1 | | | 1 | 0 |
| Jimmy Whitehead | 1 | | | 1 | 0 |
| Joseph Schofield | 1 | | | 1 | 0 |
## Bibliography
- Oliver, Guy (1992). The Guinness Record of World Soccer. Guinness. ISBN 0-85112-954-4.
|
enwiki/12749870
|
enwiki
| 12,749,870 |
1892–93 British Home Championship
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892%E2%80%9393_British_Home_Championship
|
2024-12-26T05:50:18Z
|
en
|
Q29836
| 127,879 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox international football competition
|tourney_name=1892–93 British Home Championship
|image =
|size =
|caption =
|country =England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales
|dates =25 February – 8 April 1893
|num_teams =4
|champion =ENG
|count =6
|second =SCO
|attendance =
|matches =6
|goals =42
|top_scorer ={{fbicon|ENG}} [[Fred Spiksley]] {{nowrap|(6 goals)}}
|prevseason =[[1891–92 British Home Championship|1891–92]]
|nextseason =[[1893–94 British Home Championship|1893–94]]
}}
The '''1892–93 [[British Home Championship]]''' was an international [[Association football|football]] tournament between the British [[Home Nations]]. The competition was won and dominated by [[England national football team|England]], who beat all three rival teams and scored 17 goals in just three matches. [[Fred Spiksley]] claimed four and [[Walter Gilliat]] scored a [[Hat-trick#Association football|hat-trick]] in the competition's opening game. [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]] came second with victories over [[Ireland national football team (1882–1950)|Ireland]] and [[Wales national football team|Wales]], who finished third and fourth respectively.
England began as the strongest team, scoring twelve goals in the first two games against the Irish and the Welsh with only one in reply. Scotland too began well, winning their match against Wales in Wales by 8–0 before netting another six in a rout of Ireland at home. In the final games, England and Scotland played a match in [[London]] which England easily won 5–2 to whitewash their opponents and take the trophy. In a consolation game in [[Belfast]], Ireland beat Wales 4–3 to finish third.
The official attendance for the England v. Scotland match was 16,000; the crowd was so large that it was forced to stand in front of the journalists who were therefore prevented from seeing all of the action. Consequently, there is some dispute over the goal-scorers: although it is not credited in any of the official references, it is now generally accepted that Spiksley scored a hat-trick.<ref>{{cite web |title=England players: Fred Spiksley |url=http://www.englandfootballonline.com/TeamPlyrsBios/PlayersS/BioSpiksleyF.html |website=englandfootballonline |access-date=12 July 2018 |date=20 March 2017}}</ref>
==Table==
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|show_positions=n
|winpoints=2
|team1=ENG|name_ENG={{fb|ENG}}
|team2=SCO|name_SCO={{fb|SCO}}
|team3=IRE|name_IRE={{fb|IRE}}
|team4=WAL|name_WAL={{fb|WAL|1807}}
|win_ENG=3|draw_ENG=0|loss_ENG=0|gf_ENG=17|ga_ENG=3|status_ENG=C
|win_SCO=2|draw_SCO=0|loss_SCO=1|gf_SCO=16|ga_SCO=6
|win_IRE=1|draw_IRE=0|loss_IRE=2|gf_IRE=6|ga_IRE=15
|win_WAL=0|draw_WAL=0|loss_WAL=3|gf_WAL=3|ga_WAL=18
|col_C=#ccffcc|text_C=
|result1=C
|update=complete|source=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bhc1884-99.html |title=British Home Championship 1884–1899 |publisher=The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |first1=Macario |last1=Reyes |first2=Neil |last2=Morrison |date=1 October 1999 |accessdate=17 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.scotlandfootballstats.co.uk/competitions/british-championships/1893 | title = British Championships 1893 | website = Scotland Football Stats | access-date = 6 October 2022 }}</ref>
|class_rules = 1) points. The points system worked as follows: 2 points for a win and 1 point for a draw.
}}</onlyinclude>
==Results==
{{football box
| date = 25 February 1893
| team1 = {{fb-rt|ENG}}
| score = 6–1
| team2 = {{fb|IRE}}
| goals1 = [[Walter Gilliat|Gilliat]] {{goal|8||18||30}}<br />[[Gilbert Oswald Smith|Smith]] {{goal|43}}<br />[[William Winckworth|Winckworth]] {{goal|60}}<br />[[Rupert Sandilands|Sandilands]] {{goal|75}}
| goals2 = [[George Gaffikin|Gaffikin]] {{goal|9}}
| report = [http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1872-00/1892-93/M0047Ire1893.html]
| stadium = [[Wellington Road (Perry Barr)|Wellington Road]], [[Birmingham]]
| attendance = 10,000
| referee = Thomas R. Park (Scotland)
}}
----
{{football box
| date = 13 March 1893
| team1 = {{fb-rt|ENG}}
| score = 6–0
| team2 = {{fb|WAL|1807}}
| goals1 = [[Fred Spiksley|Spiksley]] {{goal|25||43||88}}<br />[[Billy Bassett|Bassett]] {{goal|47}}<br />[[John Goodall|Goodall]] {{goal|49}}<br />[[Jack Reynolds (footballer, born 1869)|Reynolds]] {{goal|75}}
| goals2 =
| report = [http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1872-00/1892-93/M0048Wal1893.html]
| stadium = [[Victoria Ground]], [[Stoke-on-Trent|Stoke]]
| attendance = 10,000
| referee = John Campbell (Scotland)
}}
----
{{football box
| date = 18 March 1893
| team1 = {{fb-rt|WAL|1807}}
| score = 0–8
| team2 = {{fb|SCO}}
| goals1 =
| goals2 =[[Jake Madden|Madden]] {{goal|4||20||47||89}} <br />[[John Barker (Scottish footballer)|Barker]] {{goal|25||30||40}}<br />[[William Lambie (footballer)|Lambie]] {{goal|65}}
| report = [http://www.londonhearts.com/scores/images/1893/1893031801.htm]
| stadium = [[Racecourse Ground]], [[Wrexham]]
| attendance = 4,500
| referee = William H. Stacey ([[The Football Association|England]])
}}
----
{{football box
| date = 25 March 1893
| team1 = {{fb-rt|SCO}}
| score = 6–1
| team2 = {{fb|IRE}}
| goals1 = [[William Sellar|Sellar]] {{goal|10||27}}<br />[[Sam Torrans|Torrans]] {{goal|20|o.g.}}<br />[[Sandy McMahon|McMahon]] {{goal|28}}<br />[[James Kelly (footballer, born 1865)|Kelly]] {{goal|60}}<br />[[James Hamilton (Scottish footballer)|Hamilton]] {{goal|70}}
| goals2 = [[George Gaffikin|Gaffikin]] {{goal|44}}
| report = [http://www.londonhearts.com/scores/images/1893/1893032501.htm]
| stadium = [[Celtic Park]], [[Glasgow]]
| attendance = 12,000
| referee = John Taylor ([[Football Association of Wales|Wales]])
}}
----
{{football box
| date = 1 April 1893
| team1 = {{fb-rt|ENG}}
| score = 5–2
| team2 = {{fb|SCO}}
| goals1 = [[Robert Gosling|Gosling]] {{goal|15}}<br />[[George Cotterill (footballer)|Cotterill]] {{goal|65}}<br />[[Fred Spiksley|Spiksley]] {{goal|78||80||84}}
| goals2 = [[Tom Waddell (footballer)|Waddell]] {{goal|30}} <br />[[William Sellar|Sellar]] {{goal|55}}
| report = [http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1872-00/1892-93/M0048Wal1893.html] [http://www.londonhearts.com/scores/images/1893/1893040101.htm]
| stadium = [[Athletic Ground, Richmond]]
| attendance = 16,000
| referee = [[Charles Clegg (footballer)|John Charles Clegg]] ([[The Football Association|England]])
}}
----
{{football box
| date = 8 April 1893
| team1 = {{fb-rt|IRE}}
| score = 4–3
| team2 = {{fb|WAL|1807}}
| goals1 = [[Jack Peden|Peden]] {{goal|5||50||58}}<br />[[James Wilton|Wilton]] {{goal|82}}
| goals2 = [[George Owen (footballer)|Owen]] {{goal|34||80|}} <br />[[William Owen (footballer born 1862)|Owen]] {{goal|8|}}
| stadium = [[Solitude (football ground)|Solitude]], [[Belfast]]
| attendance = 3,000
| referee = John Campbell (Scotland)
}}
==Winning squad==
*'''{{fb|ENG}}'''
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan=2|Name
! colspan=3|Apps/Goals by opponent
! colspan=2|Total
|-
! {{fbicon|WAL|1807}}<br>[[Wales national football team|WAL]]<ref>[http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1872-00/1892-93/M0048Wal1893.html Monday, 13 March 1893 {{!}} England 6 Wales 0], England Football Online</ref>
! {{fbicon|IRE}}<br>[[Ireland national football team (1882—1950)|IRE]]<ref>[http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1872-00/1892-93/M0047Ire1893.html Saturday, 25 February 1893 {{!}} England 6 Ireland 1], England Football Online</ref>
! {{fbicon|SCO}}<br>[[Scotland national football team|SCO]]<ref>[http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1872-00/1892-93/M0049Sco1893.html Easter Saturday, 1 April 1893 {{!}} England 5 Scotland 2], England Football Online</ref>
! Apps
! Goals
|-
|align=left|[[Fred Spiksley]]
|1/3
|
|1/3
|2
|6
|-
|align=left|[[George Cotterill (footballer)|George Cotterill]]
|
|1
|1/1
|2
|1
|-
|align=left|[[Billy Bassett]]
|1/1
|
|1
|2
|1
|-
|align=left|[[Jack Reynolds (footballer, born 1869)|Jack Reynolds]]
|1/1
|
|1
|2
|1
|-
|align=left|[[Alban Harrison|A.H. Harrison]]
|
|1
|1
|2
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Bob Holmes (footballer)|Bob Holmes]]
|1
|
|1
|2
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Walter Gilliat]]
|
|1/3
|
|1
|3
|-
|align=left|[[Rupert Sandilands]]
|
|1/1
|
|1
|1
|-
|align=left|[[Gilbert Smith]]
|
|1/1
|
|1
|1
|-
|align=left|[[William Winckworth]]
|
|1/1
|
|1
|1
|-
|align=left|[[Cunliffe Gosling]]
|
|
|1/1
|1
|1
|-
|align=left|[[John Goodall]]
|1/1
|
|
|1
|1
|-
|align=left|[[Edgar Chadwick]]
|
|
|1
|1
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Leslie Gay]]
|
|
|1
|1
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Johnny Holt]]
|
|
|1
|1
|0
|-
|align=left|[[George Kinsey]]
|
|
|1
|1
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Chris Charsley]]
|
|1
|
|1
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Norman Cooper (sportsman)|Norman Cooper]]
|
|1
|
|1
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Frederick Pelly]]
|
|1
|
|1
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Albert Smith (footballer, born 1869)|Albert Smith]]
|
|1
|
|1
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Robert Topham (footballer)|Robert Topham]]
|
|1
|
|1
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Tommy Clare]]
|1
|
|
|1
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Charlie Perry (footballer, born 1866)|Charlie Perry]]
|1
|
|
|1
|0
|-
|align=left|[[John Willie Sutcliffe|J.W. Sutcliffe]]
|1
|
|
|1
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Jimmy Turner (English footballer)|Jimmy Turner]]
|1
|
|
|1
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Jimmy Whitehead]]
|1
|
|
|1
|0
|-
|align=left|[[Joseph Schofield]]
|1
|
|
|1
|0
|-
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
*{{cite book | first= Guy |last =Oliver| title=The Guinness Record of World Soccer | year=1992 | publisher=Guinness| isbn = 0-85112-954-4 }}
{{British Home Championship}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1892-93 British Home Championship}}
[[Category:1892–93 in European football|British]]
[[Category:1892–93 in Irish association football|Brit]]
[[Category:1892–93 in Welsh football|Home]]
[[Category:1893 in British sport|Home]]
[[Category:British Home Championships]]
[[Category:1892–93 in English football|Brit]]
[[Category:1892–93 in Scottish football|Brit]]
| 1,265,293,684 |
[{"title": "1892\u201393 British Home Championship", "data": {"Host country": "England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales", "Dates": "25 February \u2013 8 April 1893", "Teams": "4"}}, {"title": "Final positions", "data": {"Champions": "England (6th title)", "Runners-up": "Scotland"}}, {"title": "Tournament statistics", "data": {"Matches played": "6", "Goals scored": "42 (7 per match)", "Top scorer(s)": "Fred Spiksley (6 goals)"}}]
| false |
# 1940 Niagara Purple Eagles football team
The 1940 Niagara Purple Eagles football team was an American football team that represented Niagara University in the Western New York Little Three Conference (Little Three) during the 1940 college football season. Niagara compiled a 6–1–1 record (2–0 in the Little Three), won the Little Three championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 102 to 31. Joe Bach was the head coach for the fourth year.
Niagara was ranked at No. 155 (out of 697 college football teams) in the final rankings under the Litkenhous Difference by Score system for 1940.
## Schedule
| September 22 | La Salle* | Niagara Falls, NY | W 21–6 | | [ 3 ] |
| September 29 | at Saint Vincent* | Bearcat Stadium Latrobe, PA | L 0–6 | 6,500 | [ 4 ] |
| October 6 | Canisius | Niagara Falls, NY | W 26–7 | | [ 5 ] |
| October 13 | Providence* | Niagara Falls, NY | W 14–0 | | [ 6 ] |
| October 20 | vs. St. Bonaventure | Buffalo, NY | W 20–0 | | [ 7 ] |
| November 2 | at Detroit Tech* | Robinson Field Detroit, MI | W 7–6 | | [ 8 ] |
| November 9 | Waynesburg* | Niagara Falls, NY | W 14–6 | | [ 9 ] |
| November 17 | Scranton* | Niagara Falls, NY | T 0–0 | | [ 10 ] |
| *Non-conference game | | | | | |
|
enwiki/64418844
|
enwiki
| 64,418,844 |
1940 Niagara Purple Eagles football team
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Niagara_Purple_Eagles_football_team
|
2024-11-26T17:21:58Z
|
en
|
Q97190125
| 81,504 |
{{short description|American college football season}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox college sports team season
| sport = football
| year = 1940
| team = Niagara Purple Eagles
| image =
| image_size =
| conference = Western New York Little Three Conference
| short_conf = Little Three
| record = 6–1–1
| conf_record = 2–0
| head_coach = [[Joe Bach]]
| hc_year = 4th
| captain =
| stadium =
| champion = Little Three champion
}}
The '''1940 Niagara Purple Eagles football team''' was an [[American football]] team that represented [[Niagara University]] in the [[Western New York Little Three Conference]] (Little Three) during the [[1940 college football season]]. Niagara compiled a 6–1–1 record (2–0 in the Little Three), won the Little Three championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 102 to 31.<ref>{{cite web|title=1940 - Niagara (NY)|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse|access-date=June 29, 2020|url=http://www.cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/incomplete_data/game_by_game_discontinued.php?teamid=2253&year=1940|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911070804/http://www.cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/incomplete_data/game_by_game_discontinued.php?teamid=2253&year=1940|archive-date=2015-09-11}}</ref> [[Joe Bach]] was the head coach for the fourth year.
Niagara was ranked at No. 155 (out of 697 college football teams) in the final rankings under the [[Litkenhous Ratings|Litkenhous Difference by Score]] system for 1940.<ref>{{cite news|title=Final 1940 Litkenhous Ratings|newspaper=The Boston Globe|author=Dr. E. E. Litkenhous|date=December 19, 1940|page=22|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123126338/final-1940-litkenhous-ratings/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
==Schedule==
{{CFB schedule
| attend = y
| source = y
|September 22||[[1940 La Salle Explorers football team|La Salle]]<ncg>||[[Niagara Falls, New York|Niagara Falls, NY]]|W 21-6||<ref>{{cite news|title=Niagara Air Attack Downs La Salle by 21-6|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=September 23, 1940|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/54424982/niagara-air-attack-downs-la-salle/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|September 29|at|{{cfb link|year=1940|team=Saint Vincent Bearcats|title=Saint Vincent}}<ncg>|Bearcat Stadium|[[Latrobe, Pennsylvania|Latrobe, PA]]|L 0-6|6,500|<ref>{{cite news|title=Pass Wins Close Game For Bearcats Over Niagara University, 6-0|newspaper=Latrobe Bulletin|date=September 30, 1940|page=9|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/54424774/pass-wins-close-game-for-bearcats-over/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|October 6||{{cfb link|year=1940|team=Canisius Golden Griffins|title=Canisius}}||Niagara Falls, NY|W 26-7||<ref>{{cite news|title=Eagles Rout Canisius by 26-7 Margin|newspaper=Rochester Democrat and Chronicle|date=October 7, 1940|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/54424389/eagles-rout-canisius-by-26-7-margin/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|October 13||[[1940 Providence Friars football team|Providence]]<ncg>||Niagara Falls, NY|W 14-0||<ref>{{cite news|title=DeSantis Leads Niagara to Win Over Providence| newspaper=Rochester Democrat and Chronicle |date=October 14, 1940 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/54424195/desantis-leads-niagara-to-win-over/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|October 20|vs|{{cfb link|year=1940|team=St. Bonaventure Bonnies|title=St. Bonaventure}}||[[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo, NY]]|W 20-0||<ref>{{cite news|title=Niagara Wins 'Little 3' Title|newspaper=Rochester Democrat and Chronicle|date=October 21, 1940|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/54423989/niagara-wins-little-3-title/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|November 2|at|{{cfb link|year=1940|team=Detroit Tech Dynamics|title=Detroit Tech}}<ncg>|Robinson Field|[[Detroit|Detroit, MI]]|W 7-6||<ref>{{cite news|title=Niagara Edges Out Dynamics: Detroit Tech Bows, 7 to 6|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|date=November 3, 1940|page=Sports 4|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/54422607/niagara-edges-out-dynamics-detroit/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|November 9||{{cfb link|year=1940|team=Waynesburg Yellow Jackets|title=Waynesburg}}<ncg>||Niagara Falls, NY|W 14-6||<ref>{{cite news|title=DeSantis Paces Niagara Eleven To 14-6 Victory|newspaper=Rochester Democrat and Chronicle|date=November 10, 1940|page=3B|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/54423604/desantis-paces-niagara-eleven-to-14-6/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
|November 17||{{cfb link|year=1940|team=Scranton Royals|title=Scranton}}<ncg>||Niagara Falls, NY|T 0-0||<ref>{{cite news|title=Niagara, Scranton In 0-0 Tie|newspaper=Olean times Herald|date=November 18, 1940|page=14|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/54423791/niagara-scranton-in-0-0-tie/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Niagara Purple Eagles football navbox}}
[[Category:1940 college football season|Niagara]]
[[Category:Niagara Purple Eagles football seasons]]
[[Category:1940 in sports in New York (state)|Niagara Purple Eagles football]]
| 1,259,711,342 |
[{"title": "Little Three champion", "data": {"Conference": "Western New York Little Three Conference", "Record": "6\u20131\u20131 (2\u20130 Little Three)", "Head coach": "- Joe Bach (4th season)"}}]
| false |
# 1918 East Cavan by-election
The 1918 East Cavan by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of East Cavan on 20 June 1918. The election was caused by the death of the sitting member, Samuel Young of the Irish Parliamentary Party.
## Background
It had been clear for a long time that a by-election was likely, for Young was 96 years old and had been in poor health; Sinn Féin's preparations had begun as long as a year in advance. Within days of his death, the party's founder and former leader Arthur Griffith was nominated as its candidate.
The political climate was tense. Having won four by-elections in 1917 - in North Roscommon, South Longford, East Clare and Kilkenny City - Sinn Féin had appeared to be winning a majority of support of the nationalist population. However, since the beginning of the year the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) had won three seats - South Armagh, Waterford City and East Tyrone - in by-elections. With the Irish Convention – boycotted by Sinn Féin – about to present its report on proposals for implementing self-government for Ireland, there was a possibility that Sinn Féin support might be receding.
At this point the British government made what is now generally regarded as a catastrophic misjudgement. With losses mounting on the Western Front, Prime Minister David Lloyd George decided to tie proposals for self-government to the extension of conscription to Ireland. The backlash among the Nationalist population was strong. On the day of Young's death, an Anti-Conscription Committee was formed in Dublin, which included Griffith and John Dillon, newly elected leader of the IPP. The next day Sinn Féin took the seat of Tullamore in an uncontested by-election, the IPP candidate having withdrawn in the interest of national unity. On 23 April, a one-day general strike brought the country to a halt.
## The campaign
Dillon now called for Griffith to stand aside in favour of a neutral candidate, Mayor of Dublin Laurence O'Neill, and described his refusal to do so as 'wanton provocation'. Griffith, unpopular with the IPP because of his many years of criticisms of what he saw as their excessive moderation, was attacked in the pages of the Freeman's Journal, which supported the Party. "No other choice could have been calculated to add bitterness to the contest", Dillon later commented. Catholic Church leaders supported Dillon's proposal, but without success. J. F. O'Hanlon, a member of Cavan Urban District Council, was nominated as candidate of the IPP.
Griffith began the campaign energetically, visiting the constituency five times in just over three weeks. The situation took a new turn on 17 May, when the Viceroy, Lord French, ordered the arrest of a number of Sinn Féin leaders, including Griffiths, citing an alleged 'German Plot'. This brought about a wave of sympathy from the public, and it was now Dillon's turn to face demands for his candidate to withdraw. He refused, saying it "would be taken as a sign of weakness of the Irish Parliamentary Party were they to withdraw their candidate". Griffith won the support of others including the Irish Parliamentary Party's MPs for North Meath, Patrick White and Cork City, William O'Brien.
The campaign also focused on economic issues, with the IPP supporters arguing that they had achieved increases in the price of flour, and Sinn Féin claiming responsibility for a rise in old age pensions. At one meeting, there were reports of mud and eggs being thrown at speakers supporting O'Hanlon.
Griffith's fellow vice-president in Sinn Féin, Fr. Michael O'Flanagan, defying his Bishop's censure, came to Cavan and gave a speech at Ballyjamesduff on Sunday 26 May. This oration became known as 'Father O'Flanagan's Suppressed Speech' and was quickly proscribed by the censor. Sinn Féin printed and published the speech.
Reports shortly before the voting suggested it would be close-run: "Both sides express confidence in the result", The Times reported, "but it is generally admitted that the Nationalist candidate has improved his chances very considerably in the past fortnight".
## The result
When the votes were counted, Griffith was elected with 3,785 votes as against 2,581 for O'Hanlon. In keeping with his party's abstentionist policy, Griffith refused to take his seat at Westminster. He was re-elected for the seat in the general election of 1918. It seems clear that the threat of conscription (which was never, in fact, imposed) was a major factor in Sinn Féin's victory, along with the 'German Plot' arrests. Without them, Dillon argued, his party would have won a decisive majority. Michael Laffan writes that the victory "enabled Sinn Féin to regain its momentum of 1917 and to recover from its setbacks in the three recent campaigns".
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | ----- | ---- | --- |
| | Sinn Féin | Arthur Griffith | 3,795 | 59.5 | New |
| | Irish Parliamentary | J. F. O'Hanlon | 2,581 | 40.5 | N/A |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 1,214 | 19.0 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 6,376 | 72.3 | N/A |
| | Sinn Féin gain from Irish Parliamentary | Sinn Féin gain from Irish Parliamentary | Swing | N/A | |
|
enwiki/37677428
|
enwiki
| 37,677,428 |
1918 East Cavan by-election
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918_East_Cavan_by-election
|
2025-02-18T22:29:05Z
|
en
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Q16834250
| 90,097 |
{{Short description|Parliamentary by-election for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of East Cavan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use Hiberno-English|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1918 East Cavan by-election
| type = parliamentary
| country = United Kingdom
| seats_for_election = Constituency of [[East Cavan (UK Parliament constituency)|East Cavan]]
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = December 1910 United Kingdom general election
| previous_year = Dec. 1910
| next_election = 1918 United Kingdom general election
| next_year = Dec. 1918
| election_date = 20 June 1918
| map_image =
| map_caption = .
| candidate1 = '''[[Arthur Griffith]]'''
| image1 = [[File:Arthur Griffith (cropped).jpg|x160px]]
| party1 = Sinn Féin
| popular_vote1 = '''3,785'''
| percentage1 = '''59.5%'''
| candidate2 = J. F. O'Hanlon
| image2 = <div style="width:120px;"><span style="line-height:160px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Irish Parliamentary Party}}; font-size:35px;"> '''IPP'''</span></div>
| party2 = Irish Parliamentary Party
| popular_vote2 = 2,581
| percentage2 = 40.5%
| title = MP
| posttitle = Subsequent MP
| before_election = [[Samuel Young (Irish politician)|Samuel Young]]
| before_party = Irish Parliamentary Party
| after_election = [[Arthur Griffith]]
| after_party = Sinn Féin
| turnout = 72.3%
}}The '''1918 East Cavan by-election''' was a parliamentary [[by-election]] held for the United Kingdom House of Commons [[United Kingdom constituencies|constituency]] of [[East Cavan (UK Parliament constituency)|East Cavan]] on 20 June 1918. The election was caused by the death of the sitting member, [[Samuel Young (Irish politician)|Samuel Young]] of the [[Irish Parliamentary Party]].<ref name="Laffan">Michael Laffan, ''The Resurrection of Ireland'', (Cambridge University Press, 1999) page 147-9.</ref>
==Background==
It had been clear for a long time that a by-election was likely, for Young was 96 years old and had been in poor health; [[Sinn Féin]]'s preparations had begun as long as a year in advance. Within days of his death, the party's founder and former leader [[Arthur Griffith]] was nominated as its candidate.<ref name="Laffan" />
The political climate was tense. Having won four by-elections in 1917 - in [[1917 North Roscommon by-election|North Roscommon]], [[1917 South Longford by-election|South Longford]], [[1917 East Clare by-election|East Clare]] and [[1917 Kilkenny City by-election|Kilkenny City]] - Sinn Féin had appeared to be winning a majority of support of the nationalist population. However, since the beginning of the year the [[Irish Parliamentary Party]] (IPP) had won three seats - [[1918 South Armagh by-election|South Armagh]], [[1918 Waterford City by-election|Waterford City]] and [[1918 East Tyrone by-election|East Tyrone]] - in by-elections. With the [[Irish Convention]] – boycotted by Sinn Féin – about to present its report on proposals for implementing self-government for Ireland, there was a possibility that Sinn Féin support might be receding.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}
At this point the British government made what is now generally regarded as a catastrophic misjudgement.<ref>Diarmaid Ferriter, ''The Transformation of Ireland 1900-2000'' (Profile Books, 2004), pages 181-183.</ref> With losses mounting on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]], Prime Minister [[David Lloyd George]] decided to tie proposals for self-government to the [[Conscription Crisis of 1918|extension of conscription to Ireland]]. The backlash among the Nationalist population was strong. On the day of Young's death, an Anti-Conscription Committee was formed in Dublin, which included Griffith and [[John Dillon]], newly elected leader of the IPP. The next day Sinn Féin took the seat of Tullamore in [[1918 Tullamore by-election|an uncontested by-election]], the IPP candidate having withdrawn in the interest of national unity. On 23 April, a one-day general strike brought the country to a halt.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}
==The campaign==
[[File:Political cartoon from the East Cavan by-election, 1918.jpg|thumbnail|right|A political cartoon showing Arthur Griffith (left) and John Dillon (right)]]
Dillon now called for Griffith to stand aside in favour of a neutral candidate, Mayor of Dublin [[Laurence O'Neill]], and described his refusal to do so as 'wanton provocation'. Griffith, unpopular with the IPP because of his many years of criticisms of what he saw as their excessive moderation, was attacked in the pages of the ''[[Freeman's Journal]]'', which supported the Party. "No other choice could have been calculated to add bitterness to the contest", Dillon later commented. Catholic Church leaders supported Dillon's proposal, but without success.<ref name="Laffan" /> J. F. O'Hanlon, a member of Cavan Urban District Council, was nominated as candidate of the IPP.<ref>''[[The Times]]'', 27 April 1918.</ref>
Griffith began the campaign energetically, visiting the constituency five times in just over three weeks. The situation took a new turn on 17 May, when the Viceroy, [[Lord French]], ordered the arrest of a number of Sinn Féin leaders, including Griffiths, citing an alleged '[[German Plot (Ireland)|German Plot]]'. This brought about a wave of sympathy from the public, and it was now Dillon's turn to face demands for his candidate to withdraw. He refused, saying it "would be taken as a sign of weakness of the Irish Parliamentary Party were they to withdraw their candidate".<ref>''The Times'', 27 May 1918.</ref> Griffith won the support of others including the Irish Parliamentary Party's MPs for North Meath, [[Patrick White (politician)|Patrick White]]<ref>''The Times'', 11 June 1918</ref> and Cork City, [[William O'Brien]].<ref>Joseph O'Brien, ''William O'Brien and the Course of Irish Politics: 1881 - 1918'' (Joseph Valentine O'Brien, 1976), page 234.</ref>
The campaign also focused on economic issues, with the IPP supporters arguing that they had achieved increases in the price of flour, and Sinn Féin claiming responsibility for a rise in old age pensions.<ref name=Laffan/> At one meeting, there were reports of mud and eggs being thrown at speakers supporting O'Hanlon.<ref>''The Times'', 17 May 1918.</ref>
Griffith's fellow vice-president in Sinn Féin, Fr. [[Michael O'Flanagan]], defying his Bishop's censure, came to Cavan and gave a speech at [[Ballyjamesduff]] on Sunday 26 May. This oration became known as 'Father O'Flanagan's Suppressed Speech' and was quickly proscribed by the censor. Sinn Féin printed and published the speech.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://carrowkeel.com/frof/1918speech.html |title=Father O'Flanagan's Suppressed Speech, May 1918 |last=O'Flanagan |first=Michael |website=From Cliffoney to Crosna |access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref>
Reports shortly before the voting suggested it would be close-run: "Both sides express confidence in the result", ''[[The Times]]'' reported, "but it is generally admitted that the Nationalist candidate has improved his chances very considerably in the past fortnight".<ref>''The Times'', 19 June 1918</ref>
==The result==
When the votes were counted, Griffith was elected with 3,785 votes as against 2,581 for O'Hanlon. In keeping with his party's [[Abstentionism|abstentionist]] policy, Griffith refused to take his seat at [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|Westminster]]. He was re-elected for the seat in the [[1918 United Kingdom general election in Ireland|general election of 1918]].<ref name=Laffan/> It seems clear that the threat of conscription (which was never, in fact, imposed) was a major factor in Sinn Féin's victory, along with the 'German Plot' arrests. Without them, Dillon argued, his party would have won a decisive majority.<ref name=Laffan/> Michael Laffan writes that the victory "enabled Sinn Féin to regain its momentum of 1917 and to recover from its setbacks in the three recent campaigns".<ref name=Laffan/>
{{Election box begin|title=By-election 1918: East Cavan}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |
|party = Sinn Féin
|candidate = [[Arthur Griffith]]
|votes = 3,795
|percentage = 59.5
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link |
|party = Irish Parliamentary Party
|candidate = J. F. O'Hanlon
|votes = 2,581
|percentage = 40.5
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 1,214
|percentage = 19.0
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 6,376
|percentage = 72.3
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Sinn Féin
|loser = Irish Parliamentary Party
|swing = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{By-elections to the 30th UK Parliament}}
[[Category:1918 elections in the United Kingdom|East Cavan by-election]]
[[Category:By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in County Cavan constituencies]]
[[Category:1918 elections in Ireland|East Cavan by-election]]
[[Category:June 1918 in the United Kingdom|East Cavan by-election]]
| 1,276,448,568 |
[{"title": "1918 East Cavan by-election", "data": {"\u2190 Dec. 1910": "20 June 1918 \u00b7 Dec. 1918 \u2192"}}, {"title": "Constituency of East Cavan", "data": {"Turnout": "72.3%", "Candidate": "Arthur Griffith \u00b7 J. F. O'Hanlon", "Party": "Sinn F\u00e9in \u00b7 Irish Parliamentary", "Popular vote": "3,785 \u00b7 2,581", "Percentage": "59.5% \u00b7 40.5%", "MP before election \u00b7 Samuel Young \u00b7 Irish Parliamentary": "Subsequent MP \u00b7 Arthur Griffith \u00b7 Sinn F\u00e9in"}}]
| false |
# 112 (number)
112 (one hundred [and] twelve) is the natural number following 111 and preceding 113.
## Mathematics
112 is an abundant number, a heptagonal number, and a Harshad number.
112 is the number of connected graphs on 6 unlabeled nodes.
If an equilateral triangle has sides of length 112, then it contains an interior point at integer distances 57, 65, and 73 from its vertices. This is the smallest possible side length of an equilateral triangle that contains a point at integer distances from the vertices.
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enwiki
| 407,373 |
112 (number)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/112_(number)
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2025-02-23T00:51:54Z
|
en
|
Q716846
| 149,595 |
{{distinguish|112 (emergency telephone number)}}
{{Infobox number
| number = 112
| divisor = 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 16, 28, 56, 112
}}
'''112''' ('''one hundred [and] twelve''') is the [[natural number]] following [[111 (number)|111]] and preceding [[113 (number)|113]].
==Mathematics==
112 is an [[abundant number]], a [[heptagonal number]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oeis.org/A000566|title=Sloane's A000566 : Heptagonal numbers|website=The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences|publisher=OEIS Foundation|access-date=2016-05-26}}</ref> and a [[Harshad number]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oeis.org/A005349|title=Sloane's A005349 : Niven (or Harshad) numbers|website=The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences|publisher=OEIS Foundation|access-date=2016-05-26}}</ref>
112 is the number of [[connected graph]]s on 6 unlabeled nodes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oeis.org/A001349|title=Sloane's A001349 : Number of connected graphs with n nodes|website=The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences|publisher=OEIS Foundation|access-date=2021-12-19}}</ref>
If an [[equilateral triangle]] has sides of length 112, then it contains an interior point at integer distances 57, 65, and 73 from its vertices. This is the smallest possible side length of an equilateral triangle that contains a point at integer distances from the vertices.<ref>Wells, D. ''[[The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers]]'' London: Penguin Group. (1987), page 119</ref>
==See also==
* [[112 (disambiguation)]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Integers|1}}
[[Category:Integers]]
{{Num-stub}}
| 1,277,158,103 |
[{"title": "| \u2190 111 | 112 | 113 \u2192 |", "data": {"\u2190 111": "112 \u00b7 113 \u2192", "Cardinal": "one hundred twelve", "Ordinal": "112th \u00b7 (one hundred twelfth)", "Factorization": "24 \u00d7 7", "Divisors": "1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 16, 28, 56, 112", "Greek numeral": "\u03a1\u0399\u0392\u00b4", "Roman numeral": "CXII, cxii", "Binary": "11100002", "Ternary": "110113", "Senary": "3046", "Octal": "1608", "Duodecimal": "9412", "Hexadecimal": "7016"}}]
| false |
# 1924–25 Serie A (ice hockey) season
The 1924–25 Serie A season was the first season of the Serie A, the top level of ice hockey in Italy. Two teams participated in the league, and Hockey Club Milano won the championship by defeating GSD Cortina in the final.
## Final
- Hockey Club Milano - GSD Cortina 9:0
(Goals: Decio Trovati 3, Guido Botturi 3, Luigi Redaelli 2, Miletto Sancassani)
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enwiki
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1924–25 Serie A (ice hockey) season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924%E2%80%9325_Serie_A_(ice_hockey)_season
|
2024-07-05T14:54:15Z
|
en
|
Q1753561
| 25,480 |
{{short description|Italian professional ice hockey season}}
The '''1924–25 Serie A season''' was the first season of the [[Serie A (ice hockey)|Serie A]], the top level of ice hockey in [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]. Two teams participated in the league, and Hockey Club Milano won the championship by defeating GSD Cortina in the final.
==Final==
* '''[[Hockey Club Milano]]''' - [[SG Cortina|GSD Cortina]] 9:0 <br /> <small>(Goals: Decio Trovati 3, Guido Botturi 3, Luigi Redaelli 2, Miletto Sancassani)</small>
==External links==
* [http://www.hockeytime.net/storia/anni-20/ Season] on hockeytime.net
{{Serie A (ice hockey) seasons}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1924-25 Serie A (ice hockey) season}}
[[Category:1924–25 in Italian ice hockey]]
[[Category:Serie A (ice hockey) seasons]]
[[Category:1924–25 in European ice hockey leagues|Italy]]
| 1,232,775,526 |
[]
| false |
# 1893–94 Netherlands Football League Championship
The Netherlands Football League Championship 1893–1894 was contested by six teams from the cities Amsterdam, The Hague, Haarlem, Rotterdam and Wageningen. The teams participated in the competition that would later be called Eerste Klasse West. But since the western football district of the Netherlands was the only one to have a competition at the time, it could be regarded as a national championship. This was also the reason that Go Ahead Wageningen participated, as they would later play in the eastern division. RAP Amsterdam won the championship.
## New entrants
- Go Ahead Wageningen
- Sparta Rotterdam
## League standings
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | ------------------- | --- | - | - | - | -- | -- | --- | --- | ----------------------------- |
| 1 | RAP | 10 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 27 | 8 | +19 | 16 | |
| 2 | Koninklijke HFC | 10 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 31 | 13 | +18 | 14 | |
| 3 | HVV Den Haag | 10 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 13 | |
| 4 | Sparta Rotterdam | 10 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 14 | 24 | −10 | 9 | |
| 5 | Go Ahead Wageningen | 10 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 16 | 22 | −6 | 6 | |
| 6 | Victoria Rotterdam | 10 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 30 | −21 | 2 | Not participating next season |
|
enwiki/28699125
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enwiki
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1893–94 Netherlands Football League Championship
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893%E2%80%9394_Netherlands_Football_League_Championship
|
2025-01-04T14:40:24Z
|
en
|
Q3194147
| 56,476 |
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = [[Eredivisie|Netherl. Football Championship]]
| season = 1893–94
| winners = [[RAP (football club)|RAP]] (2nd title)
| prevseason = [[1892–93 Netherlands Football League Championship|1892–93]]
| nextseason = [[1894–95 Netherlands Football League Championship|1894–95]]
}}
The '''[[Eredivisie|Netherlands Football League Championship]] 1893–1894''' was contested by six teams from the cities [[Amsterdam]], [[The Hague]], [[Haarlem]], [[Rotterdam]] and [[Wageningen]]. The teams participated in the competition that would later be called ''Eerste Klasse West''. But since the western football district of the Netherlands was the only one to have a competition at the time, it could be regarded as a national championship. This was also the reason that [[GVC (football club)|Go Ahead Wageningen]] participated, as they would later play in the eastern division. [[RAP Amsterdam]] won the championship.
==New entrants==
* [[GVC (football club)|Go Ahead Wageningen]]
* [[Sparta Rotterdam]]
==League standings==
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Q
|winpoints=2
|sortable_table=y
|team1=RAP|name_RAP=[[RAP (football club)|RAP]]
|team2=KON|name_KON=[[Koninklijke HFC]]
|team3=DHG|name_DHG=[[HVV Den Haag]]
|team4=SPA|name_SPA=[[Sparta Rotterdam]]
|team5=GVC|name_GVC=[[GVC (football club)|Go Ahead Wageningen]]
|team6=VIC|name_VIC=[[HV Victoria|Victoria Rotterdam]]
|win_RAP=8|draw_RAP=0|loss_RAP=2|gf_RAP=27|ga_RAP=8
|win_KON=7|draw_KON=0|loss_KON=3|gf_KON=31|ga_KON=13
|win_DHG=6|draw_DHG=1|loss_DHG=3|gf_DHG=20|ga_DHG=20
|win_SPA=4|draw_SPA=1|loss_SPA=5|gf_SPA=14|ga_SPA=24
|win_GVC=3|draw_GVC=0|loss_GVC=7|gf_GVC=16|ga_GVC=22
|win_VIC=1|draw_VIC=0|loss_VIC=9|gf_VIC=9|ga_VIC=30
|col_NP=|text_NP=Not participating next season
|result6=NP
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nedamahist.html rsssf.com]
}}
==References==
*[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nedamahistwest.html RSSSF Eerste Klasse West]
*[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nedamahist.html RSSSF Netherlands Football League Championships 1898-1954]
{{Eredivisie seasons}}
{{1893–94 in European football (UEFA)}}
{{Portal bar|Association football|Netherlands}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1893-94 Netherlands Football League Championship}}
[[Category:Netherlands Football League Championship seasons]]
[[Category:1893–94 in Dutch football leagues|League Championship]]
[[Category:1893–94 in European association football leagues|Netherlands]]
{{Netherlands-footy-competition-stub}}
| 1,267,306,089 |
[{"title": "Netherl. Football Championship", "data": {"Season": "1893\u201394", "Champions": "RAP (2nd title)"}}]
| false |
# 1153 Wallenbergia
1153 Wallenbergia, provisional designation 1924 SL, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 5 September 1924, by Soviet astronomer Sergey Belyavsky at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after German mathematician Georg Wallenberg.
## Orbit and classification
Wallenbergia is a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 3 months (1,189 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.16 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.
The body's observation arc begins with its identification as 1930 HH at Johannesburg Observatory in April 1930, almost six years after its official discovery observation at Simeiz.
## Physical characteristics
Wallenbergia has been characterized as a stony S-type asteroid by PanSTARRS photometric survey.
### Rotation period
In September 1989, the first rotational lightcurve of Wallenbergia was obtained from photometric observations by Polish astronomer Wiesław Z. Wiśniewski at University of Arizona. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 4.096 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.33 magnitude (U=3). Observations in the R-band at the Palomar Transient Factory in 2014, gave a period of 4.116 and 4.12 hours with an amplitude of 0.25 and 0.23 magnitude, respectively (U=2/2).
### Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Wallenbergia measures 8.02 and 8.037 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.37 and 0.433, respectively.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – taken from 8 Flora, the parent body of the Flora family – and derives a diameter of 9.36 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.31.
## Naming
This minor planet was named after German mathematician Georg Wallenberg (1864–1924). The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 107).
|
enwiki/13779652
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enwiki
| 13,779,652 |
1153 Wallenbergia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1153_Wallenbergia
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2023-12-25T15:30:10Z
|
en
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Q136548
| 119,601 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1153 Wallenbergia
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| discoverer = [[Sergey Belyavsky|S. Belyavskyj]]
| discovery_site = [[Simeiz Observatory|Simeiz Obs.]]
| discovered = 5 September 1924
| mpc_name = (1153) Wallenbergia
| alt_names = 1924 SL{{·}}1930 HH
| pronounced =
| named_after = Georg Wallenberg<ref name="springer" />{{efn|name=DoMPN-middle-name}}<br />{{small|(German mathematician)}}
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|inner]])}}{{·}}[[Flora family|Flora]]<ref name="lcdb" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 87.02 yr (31,784 days)
| aphelion = 2.5489 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 1.8428 AU
| semimajor = 2.1958 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1608
| period = 3.25 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,189 days)
| mean_anomaly = 237.52[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.3029|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 3.3345°
| asc_node = 280.54°
| arg_peri = 28.766°
| dimensions = {{val|8.02|1.81}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|8.037|0.357}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />9.36 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| rotation = {{val|4.096|0.002}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="Wisniewski-1997" /><br />{{val|4.116|0.0055}} h<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><br />{{val|4.12|0.070}} h<ref name="Chang-2015" />
| albedo = 0.24 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.37|0.14}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.433|0.091}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]]<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Veres-2015" />
| abs_magnitude = {{val|11.985|0.002}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />{{·}}12.00<ref name="Masiero-2012" />{{·}}{{val|12.040|0.100}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Chang-2015" />{{·}}12.1<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}12.28<ref name="Nugent-2016" />{{·}}{{val|12.31|0.08}}<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Wisniewski-1997" /><ref name="Pravec-2012b" />{{·}}{{val|12.49|0.22}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />
}}
'''1153 Wallenbergia''', provisional designation {{mp|1924 SL}}, is a stony Florian [[asteroid]] from the inner regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 5 September 1924, by Soviet astronomer [[Sergey Belyavsky]] at the [[Simeiz Observatory]] on the Crimean peninsula.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named after German mathematician [[Georg Wallenberg]].<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Wallenbergia'' is a member of the [[Flora family]] ({{small|[[FIN tbl#402|402]]}}), a giant [[asteroid family]] and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt.<ref name="lcdb" /> It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.5 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 3 months (1,189 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.16 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 3[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />
The body's [[observation arc]] begins with its identification as {{mp|1930 HH}} at [[Johannesburg Observatory]] in April 1930, almost six years after its official discovery observation at Simeiz.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
''Wallenbergia'' has been characterized as a stony [[S-type asteroid]] by [[PanSTARRS]] photometric survey.<ref name="Veres-2015" />
=== Rotation period ===
In September 1989, the first rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Wallenbergia'' was obtained from photometric observations by Polish astronomer [[Wiesław Z. Wiśniewski]] at [[University of Arizona]]. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined [[rotation period]] of 4.096 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.33 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3]]}}).<ref name="Wisniewski-1997" /> Observations in the R-band at the [[Palomar Transient Factory]] in 2014, gave a period of 4.116 and 4.12 hours with an amplitude of 0.25 and 0.23 magnitude, respectively ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2/2]]}}).<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><ref name="Chang-2015" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the survey carried out by the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Wallenbergia'' measures 8.02 and 8.037 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.37 and 0.433, respectively.<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes an albedo of 0.24 – taken from [[8 Flora]], the parent body of the Flora family – and derives a diameter of 9.36 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 12.31.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This [[minor planet]] was named after German mathematician Georg Wallenberg (1864–1924). The official naming citation was mentioned in ''[[The Names of the Minor Planets]]'' by [[Paul Herget]] in 1955 ({{small|[[Herget's discovery circumstances|H 107]]}}).<ref name="springer" />{{efn|name=DoMPN-middle-name}}
== Notes ==
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=DoMPN-middle-name|1=Wallenberg's middle name is likely "Jakob", not "James" as given in the ''Dictionary of Minor Planet Names''}}
}} <!-- end of notelist -->
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2017-05-06 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1153 Wallenbergia (1924 SL)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001153
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1153) Wallenbergia
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|page = 97
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1154 |chapter = (1153) Wallenbergia }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 1153 Wallenbergia (1924 SL)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1153
|accessdate = 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (1153) Wallenbergia
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1153%7CWallenbergia
|accessdate = 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent
|first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera
|date = November 2012
|title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
|volume = 759
|issue = 1
|page = 5
|bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M
|doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8
|arxiv = 1209.5794
|s2cid = 46350317 |access-date= 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer
|first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri
|first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright
|date = September 2016
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 152
|issue = 3
|page = 12
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N
|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63
|arxiv = 1606.08923
|doi-access = free }}</ref>
<ref name="Wisniewski-1997">{{Cite journal
|first1 = W. Z. |last1 = Wisniewski
|first2 = T. M. |last2 = Michalowski
|first3 = A. W. |last3 = Harris
|first4 = R. S. |last4 = McMillan
|date = March 1995
|title = Photoelectric Observations of 125 Asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1995LPI....26.1511W
|journal = Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
|volume = 26
|pages = 1511
|bibcode = 1995LPI....26.1511W
|access-date= 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Chang-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Chan-Kao |last1 = Chang
|first2 = Wing-Huen |last2 = Ip |author2-link = Ip Wing-huen
|first3 = Hsing-Wen |last3 = Lin
|first4 = Yu-Chi |last4 = Cheng
|first5 = Chow-Choong |last5 = Ngeow
|first6 = Ting-Chang |last6 = Yang
|first7 = Adam |last7 = Waszczak
|first8 = Shrinivas R. |last8 = Kulkarni
|first9 = David |last9 = Levitan
|first10 = Branimir |last10 = Sesar
|first11 = Russ |last11 = Laher
|first12 = Jason |last12 = Surace
|first13 = Thomas. A. |last13 = Prince
|date = August 2015
|title = Asteroid Spin-rate Study Using the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJS..219...27C
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
|volume = 219
|issue = 2
|page = 19
|bibcode = 2015ApJS..219...27C
|doi = 10.1088/0067-0049/219/2/27
|arxiv = 1506.08493
|s2cid = 17093124 |access-date= 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak
|first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang
|first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek
|first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher
|first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci
|first6 = David |last6 = Levitan
|first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace
|first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng
|first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip
|first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita
|first11 = George |last11 = Helou
|first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince
|first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni
|date = September 2015
|title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 150
|issue = 3
|page = 35
|bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W
|doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75
|arxiv = 1504.04041
|s2cid = 8342929 |access-date= 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Pravec-2012b">{{Cite journal
|first1 = Petr |last1 = Pravec
|first2 = Alan W. |last2 = Harris
|first3 = Peter |last3 = Kusnirák
|first4 = Adrián |last4 = Galád
|first5 = Kamil |last5 = Hornoch
|date = September 2012
|title = Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012Icar..221..365P
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 221
|issue = 1
|pages = 365–387
|bibcode = 2012Icar..221..365P
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026
|access-date= 8 September 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 – Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|s2cid = 53493339 |access-date= 8 September 2017}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* [https://archive.org/details/theoriederlinea00guldgoog Theorie der linearen Differenzengleichungen], by Georg Wallenberg, Alf Guldberg
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|1153}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1152 Pawona |number=1153 |1154 Astronomia}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wallenbergia}}
[[Category:Flora asteroids|001153]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Sergei Belyavsky]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1924|19240905]]
| 1,191,754,349 |
[{"title": "1153 Wallenbergia", "data": {"Discovered by": "S. Belyavskyj", "Discovery site": "Simeiz Obs.", "Discovery date": "5 September 1924"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"MPC designation": "(1153) Wallenbergia", "Named after": "Georg Wallenberg \u00b7 (German mathematician)", "Alternative designations": "1924 SL \u00b7 1930 HH", "Minor planet category": "main-belt \u00b7 (inner) \u00b7 Flora"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Orbital characteristics": ["Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)", "Uncertainty parameter 0"], "Observation arc": "87.02 yr (31,784 days)", "Aphelion": "2.5489 AU", "Perihelion": "1.8428 AU", "Semi-major axis": "2.1958 AU", "Eccentricity": "0.1608", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "3.25 yr (1,189 days)", "Mean anomaly": "237.52\u00b0", "Mean motion": "0\u00b0 18m 10.44s / day", "Inclination": "3.3345\u00b0", "Longitude of ascending node": "280.54\u00b0", "Argument of perihelion": "28.766\u00b0"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Dimensions": "8.02\u00b11.81 km \u00b7 8.037\u00b10.357 km \u00b7 9.36 km (derived)", "Synodic rotation period": "4.096\u00b10.002 h \u00b7 4.116\u00b10.0055 h \u00b7 4.12\u00b10.070 h", "Geometric albedo": "0.24 (assumed) \u00b7 0.37\u00b10.14 \u00b7 0.433\u00b10.091", "Spectral type": "S", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "11.985\u00b10.002 (R) \u00b7 12.00 \u00b7 12.040\u00b10.100 (R) \u00b7 12.1 \u00b7 12.28 \u00b7 12.31\u00b10.08 \u00b7 12.49\u00b10.22"}}]
| false |
# 1942 Swiss referendums
Two referendums were held in Switzerland during 1942. The first was held on 25 January on a popular initiative that would provide for the direct election of the Federal Council, as well as increasing the number of members. It was rejected by voters. The second was held on 3 May on a popular initiative "for the reorganisation of the National Council", and was also rejected.
## Background
The referendums were both popular initiatives, which required a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half.
## Results
### January referendum
| Choice | Popular vote | Popular vote | Cantons | Cantons | Cantons |
| Choice | Votes | % | Full | Half | Total |
| ------------------------- | ------------ | ------------ | ------- | ------- | ------- |
| For | 251,605 | 32.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Against | 524,127 | 67.6 | 19 | 6 | 22 |
| Blank votes | 13,381 | – | – | – | – |
| Invalid votes | 3,311 | – | – | – | – |
| Total | 792,424 | 100 | 19 | 6 | 22 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,278,688 | 62.0 | – | – | – |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | | | | | |
### May referendum
| Choice | Popular vote | Popular vote | Cantons | Cantons | Cantons |
| Choice | Votes | % | Full | Half | Total |
| ------------------------- | ------------ | ------------ | ------- | ------- | ------- |
| For | 219,629 | 34.9 | 0 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Against | 408,821 | 65.1 | 19 | 5 | 21.5 |
| Blank votes | 30,543 | – | – | – | – |
| Invalid votes | 1,825 | – | – | – | – |
| Total | 660,818 | 100 | 19 | 6 | 22 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,283,487 | 51.5 | – | – | – |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | | | | | |
|
enwiki/36791158
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1942 Swiss referendums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_Swiss_referendums
|
2025-02-02T04:08:46Z
|
en
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Q7658891
| 99,152 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Politics of Switzerland}}
Two referendums were held in [[Switzerland]] during 1942.<ref name=NS>[[Dieter Nohlen|Nohlen, D]] & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1912 {{ISBN|9783832956097}}</ref> The first was held on 25 January on a [[Federal popular initiative|popular initiative]] that would provide for the direct election of the [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]], as well as increasing the number of members.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Votation populaire du 25.01.1942|url = https://www.admin.ch/ch/f//pore/va/19420125/index.html|website = www.admin.ch|access-date = 2015-10-17|archive-date = 2015-04-05|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150405041418/http://www.admin.ch/ch/f//pore/va/19420125/index.html|url-status = dead}}</ref> It was rejected by voters.<ref name=NS/> The second was held on 3 May on a popular initiative "for the reorganisation of the National Council", and was also rejected.<ref name=NS/>
==Background==
The referendums were both popular initiatives,<ref name=NS/> which required a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons.<ref name=N2>Nohlen & Stöver, p1891</ref> The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton.<ref name=N2/> Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half.<ref name=N2/>
==Results==
===January referendum===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!rowspan=2|Choice
!colspan=2|Popular vote
!colspan=3|Cantons
|-
!Votes
!%
!Full
!Half
!Total
|-
|align=left|For||251,605||32.4||0||0||0
|-
|align=left|Against||524,127||67.6||19||6||22
|-
|align=left|Blank votes||13,381||–||–||–||–
|-
|align=left|Invalid votes||3,311||–||–||–||–
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''||'''792,424'''||'''100'''||'''19'''||'''6'''||'''22'''
|-
|align=left|Registered voters/turnout||1,278,688||62.0||–||–||–
|-
|align=left colspan=6|Source: Nohlen & Stöver
|}
===May referendum===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!rowspan=2|Choice
!colspan=2|Popular vote
!colspan=3|Cantons
|-
!Votes
!%
!Full
!Half
!Total
|-
|align=left|For||219,629||34.9||0||1||0.5
|-
|align=left|Against||408,821||65.1||19||5||21.5
|-
|align=left|Blank votes||30,543||–||–||–||–
|-
|align=left|Invalid votes||1,825||–||–||–||–
|-
|align=left|'''Total'''||'''660,818'''||'''100'''||'''19'''||'''6'''||'''22'''
|-
|align=left|Registered voters/turnout||1,283,487||51.5||–||–||–
|-
|align=left colspan=6|Source: Nohlen & Stöver
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Swiss elections}}
{{Portal bar|Politics|Switzerland}}
[[Category:1942 referendums|Swiss ]]
[[Category:1942 in Switzerland|Referendums]]
[[Category:January 1942 in Europe|Swiss referendums]]
[[Category:May 1942 in Europe|Swiss referendums]]
[[Category:Referendums in Switzerland]]
| 1,273,407,127 |
[]
| false |
# 1923 Mitcham by-election
The 1923 Mitcham by-election was held on 3 March 1923. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, Thomas Worsfold. It was won by the Labour candidate James Chuter Ede.
## Result
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| ------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------ | ---- | ----- |
| | Labour | James Chuter Ede | 8,029 | 38.0 | New |
| | Unionist | Arthur Griffith-Boscawen | 7,196 | 34.1 | −30.9 |
| | Liberal | Ernest Brown | 3,214 | 15.2 | −19.8 |
| | Independent | J. T. Catterall | 2,684 | 12.7 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 833 | 3.9 | N/A |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 21,123 | 66.2 | +13.5 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 31,927 | | |
| | Labour gain from Unionist | Labour gain from Unionist | Swing | N/A | |
|
enwiki/41032351
|
enwiki
| 41,032,351 |
1923 Mitcham by-election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923_Mitcham_by-election
|
2024-12-17T20:58:46Z
|
en
|
Q16917890
| 49,253 |
{{Short description|UK Parliamentary by-election}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox election
|election_name=1923 Mitcham by-election
|type=presidential
|country=United Kingdom
|previous_election=Mitcham (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1920s
|previous_year=1922
|next_election=Mitcham (UK Parliament constituency)#Elections in the 1920s
|next_year=1923
|election_date=3 March 1923
|candidate1=[[James Chuter Ede|Chuter Ede]]
|image1=[[File:James_Chuter_Ede.jpg|65px]]
|party1=Labour Party (UK)
|popular_vote1=8,029
|percentage1=38.0
|candidate2=[[Arthur Griffith-Boscawen|Boscawen]]
|image2=[[File:Arthur_Griffith-Boscawen_crop.jpg|65px]]
|party2=Unionist Party (UK)
|popular_vote2=7,196
|percentage2=34.1
|candidate3=[[Ernest Brown (British politician)|Brown]]
|image3=[[File:Ernest_Brown.jpg|65px]]
|party3=Liberal Party (UK)
|popular_vote3=3,214
|percentage3=15.2
|map_image=
|map_size=250px
|title=[[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MP]]
|posttitle=Subsequent MP
|before_election=[[Thomas Worsfold|Worsfold]]
|before_party=Unionist Party (UK)
|after_election=[[Richard Meller|Meller]]
|after_party=Unionist Party (UK)
}}
The '''1923 [[Mitcham (UK Parliament constituency)|Mitcham]] by-election''' was held on 3 March 1923. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, [[Thomas Worsfold]]. It was won by the Labour candidate [[James Chuter Ede]].<ref>{{Rayment-hc|date=May 2021}}</ref>
==Result==
{{Election box begin |
|title=By-election 1923: Mitcham<ref name="craig1918">{{cite book|editor1-last=Craig|editor1-first=F.W.S.|title=British parliamentary election results 1918-1949|url=https://archive.org/details/britishparliamen0000crai|url-access=registration|date=1969|publisher=Political Reference Publications|location=Glasgow|isbn=0-900178-01-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/britishparliamen0000crai/page/478 478]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = [[James Chuter Ede]]
|votes = 8,029
|percentage = 38.0
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Unionist Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Arthur Griffith-Boscawen]]
|votes = 7,196
|percentage = 34.1
|change = −30.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Ernest Brown (British politician)|Ernest Brown]]
|votes = 3,214
|percentage = 15.2
|change = −19.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = J. T. Catterall
|votes = 2,684
|percentage = 12.7
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 833
|percentage = 3.9
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 21,123
|percentage = 66.2
|change = +13.5
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 31,927
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Labour Party (UK)
|loser = Unionist Party (UK)
|swing = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{By-elections to the 32nd UK Parliament}}
[[Category:1923 elections in the United Kingdom|Mitcham by-election]]
[[Category:1923 in England|Mitcham by-election]]
[[Category:By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Surrey constituencies|Mitcham,1923]]
[[Category:By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in London constituencies|Mitcham,1923]]
[[Category:Elections in the London Borough of Merton|Mitcham,1923]]
[[Category:20th century in Surrey]]
{{London-UK-Parl-by-election-stub}}
| 1,263,640,568 |
[{"title": "1923 Mitcham by-election", "data": {"\u2190 1922": "3 March 1923 \u00b7 1923 \u2192", "Candidate": "Chuter Ede \u00b7 Boscawen \u00b7 Brown", "Party": "Labour \u00b7 Unionist \u00b7 Liberal", "Popular vote": "8,029 \u00b7 7,196 \u00b7 3,214", "Percentage": "38.0 \u00b7 34.1 \u00b7 15.2", "MP before election \u00b7 Worsfold \u00b7 Unionist": "Subsequent MP \u00b7 Meller \u00b7 Unionist"}}]
| false |
# 1894 Kansas gubernatorial election
The 1894 Kansas gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1894. Republican nominee Edmund Needham Morrill defeated People's Party incumbent Lorenzo D. Lewelling with 49.53% of the vote.
## General election
### Candidates
Major party candidates
- Edmund Needham Morrill, Republican
- David Overmyer, Democratic
Other candidates
- Lorenzo D. Lewelling, People's
- I.O. Pickering, Prohibition
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | ----------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------- | ------ | -- |
| | Republican | Edmund Needham Morrill | 148,700 | 49.53% | |
| | Populist | Lorenzo D. Lewelling (incumbent) | 118,329 | 39.41% | |
| | Democratic | David Overmyer | 27,709 | 9.23% | |
| | Prohibition | I.O. Pickering | 5,496 | 1.83% | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 30,371 | | |
| Turnout | | | | | |
| | Republican gain from Populist | Republican gain from Populist | Swing | | |
|
enwiki/64453198
|
enwiki
| 64,453,198 |
1894 Kansas gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1894_Kansas_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-23T10:06:07Z
|
en
|
Q97181389
| 138,188 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1894 Kansas gubernatorial election
| country = Kansas
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1892 Kansas gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1892
| next_election = 1896 Kansas gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1896
| election_date = November 6, 1894
| image1 = File:ENMorrill (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 150x150px
| nominee1 = '''[[Edmund Needham Morrill]]'''
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''148,700'''
| percentage1 = '''49.53%'''
| image2 = File:LDLewelling (cropped).jpg
| nominee2 = [[Lorenzo D. Lewelling]]
| party2 = People's Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 118,329
| percentage2 = 39.41%
| image3 = File:3x4.svg
| nominee3 = David Overmyer
| party3 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote3 = 27,709
| percentage3 = 9.23%
| map_image = 1894 Kansas gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 270px
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Morrill:''' {{legend0|#ffb2b2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend0|#d75d5d|60–70%}} <br/>'''Lewelling:''' {{legend0|#AFE9AF|40–50%}} {{legend0|#73D873|50–60%}}<br/>'''Overmyer:''' {{legend0|#A5B0FF|40–50%}}
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Lorenzo D. Lewelling]]
| before_party = People's Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Edmund Needham Morrill]]
| after_party = Republican Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsKS}}
The '''1894 Kansas gubernatorial election''' was held on November 6, 1894. [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee [[Edmund Needham Morrill]] defeated [[People's Party (United States)|People's Party]] incumbent [[Lorenzo D. Lewelling]] with 49.53% of the vote.
==General election==
===Candidates===
'''Major party candidates'''
*Edmund Needham Morrill, Republican
*David Overmyer, Democratic
'''Other candidates'''
*Lorenzo D. Lewelling, People's
*I.O. Pickering, Prohibition
===Results===
{{Election box begin | title=1894 Kansas gubernatorial election<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nqAaAQAAMAAJ |title=Guide to U.S. elections - CQ Press, Congressional Quarterly, inc |year=2005 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=9781568029818 |access-date=2020-07-02}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Edmund Needham Morrill]]
| votes = 148,700
| percentage = 49.53%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = People's Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Lorenzo D. Lewelling]] (incumbent)
| votes = 118,329
| percentage = 39.41%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = David Overmyer
| votes = 27,709
| percentage = 9.23%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = I.O. Pickering
| votes = 5,496
| percentage = 1.83%
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 30,371
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes =
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Republican Party (United States)
| loser = People's Party (United States)
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{1894 United States elections}}
[[Category:Kansas gubernatorial elections|1894]]
[[Category:1894 United States gubernatorial elections|Kansas]]
[[Category:1894 Kansas elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:November 1894]]
| 1,271,284,850 |
[{"title": "1894 Kansas gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1892": "November 6, 1894 \u00b7 1896 \u2192", "Nominee": "Edmund Needham Morrill \u00b7 Lorenzo D. Lewelling \u00b7 David Overmyer", "Party": "Republican \u00b7 Populist \u00b7 Democratic", "Popular vote": "148,700 \u00b7 118,329 \u00b7 27,709", "Percentage": "49.53% \u00b7 39.41% \u00b7 9.23%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Lorenzo D. Lewelling \u00b7 Populist": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Edmund Needham Morrill \u00b7 Republican"}}]
| false |
# 1942 Wisconsin Badgers football team
| No. 1 Ohio State $ | 5 | – | 1 | – | 0 | | | 9 | – | 1 | – | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| No. 3 Wisconsin | 4 | – | 1 | – | 0 | | | 8 | – | 1 | – | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| No. 9 Michigan | 3 | – | 2 | – | 0 | | | 7 | – | 3 | – | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Illinois | 3 | – | 2 | – | 0 | | | 6 | – | 4 | – | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Iowa | 3 | – | 3 | – | 0 | | | 6 | – | 4 | – | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| No. 19 Minnesota | 3 | – | 3 | – | 0 | | | 5 | – | 4 | – | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Indiana | 2 | – | 2 | – | 0 | | | 7 | – | 3 | – | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Purdue | 1 | – | 4 | – | 0 | | | 1 | – | 8 | – | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Northwestern | 0 | – | 6 | – | 0 | | | 1 | – | 9 | – | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| - $ – Conference champion Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The 1942 Wisconsin Badgers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Wisconsin in the 1942 Big Ten Conference football season. The team compiled an 8–1–1 record (4–1 against conference opponents), finished in second place in the Big Ten Conference, led the conference in scoring defense (6.8 points allowed per game), and was ranked No. 3 in the final AP Poll. Harry Stuhldreher was in his seventh year as Wisconsin's head coach.
The Helms Athletic Foundation selected Wisconsin as the 1942 national champion at the end of the season, giving the program its only national championship. Ohio State, a team that Wisconsin defeated, was selected as national champion in the AP Poll.
The team played its home games at Camp Randall Stadium. During the 1942 season, the average attendance at home games was 29,026.
## Schedule
| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------- | ----- | -------------------------------------------- | ------- | ---------- | ------ |
| September 19 | Camp Grant* | | Camp Randall Stadium Madison, WI | W 7–0 | | [ 10 ] |
| September 26 | Notre Dame* | | Camp Randall Stadium Madison, WI | T 7–7 | 23,243 | |
| October 3 | Marquette* | | Camp Randall Stadium Madison, WI | W 35–7 | 35,000 | [ 11 ] |
| October 10 | Missouri* | | Camp Randall Stadium Madison, WI | W 17–9 | | |
| October 17 | at Great Lakes Navy* | No. 7 | Soldier Field Chicago, IL | W 13–7 | 30,000 | [ 12 ] |
| October 24 | at Purdue | No. 7 | Ross–Ade Stadium West Lafayette, IN | W 13–0 | 20,000 | |
| October 31 | No. 1 Ohio State | No. 6 | Camp Randall Stadium Madison, WI | W 17–7 | 45,000 | |
| November 7 | at Iowa | No. 2 | Iowa Stadium Iowa City, IA ( rivalry ) | L 0–6 | | |
| November 14 | at Northwestern | No. 7 | Dyche Stadium Evanston, IL | W 20–19 | | |
| November 21 | No. 10 Minnesota | No. 7 | Camp Randall Stadium Madison, WI ( rivalry ) | W 20–6 | 46,000 | |
| *Non-conference game Homecoming Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game | | | | | | |
## Rankings
| | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week | Week |
| Poll | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | Final |
| ---- | ---- | ----- | ----- | --------- | ---- | ---- | ----- | ----- |
| AP | 7 | 7 (2) | 6 (1) | 2 (20.33) | 7 | 7 | 4 (2) | 3 (4) |
## Awards and honors
End Dave Schreiner received the Chicago Tribune Silver Football as the Big Ten's most valuable player. Schreiner was also selected as a unanimous first-team player on the 1942 College Football All-America Team. Schreiner and tackle Bob Baumann joined the United States Marine Corps and were killed in action during the Battle of Okinawa in June 1945.
Journalist and author Terry Frei, the son of Wisconsin guard and decorated P-38 pilot Jerry Frei, wrote a critically acclaimed 2007 book, Third Down and a War to Go, about the '42 Badgers and the team's virtually universal heroism in World War II in both theaters.
In addition to Schreiner, other Wisconsin players receiving All-America or All-Big Ten honors in 1942 were:
- Fullback Pat Harder was selected as a first-team All-American by the All-America Board and the Walter Camp Football Foundation.[16] Harder was also selected by the Associated Press (AP) and United Press (UP) as a first-team player on the 1942 All-Big Ten Conference football team.[17][18]
- Center Fred Negus was selected by the AP and UP as a first-team All-Big Ten player.[17][18]
- Halfback Elroy "Crazylegs" Hirsch was selected by the AP as a first-team All-Big Ten player.[17]
- Tackle Paul Hirsbrunner was selected by the UP as a second-team All-Big Ten player.[18]
Three players from the 1942 Wisconsin team have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame: Dave Schreiner in 1955; Elroy Hirsch in 1974; and Pat Harder in 1993.
Dave Schreiner received the team's most valuable player award. Schreiner and Mark Hoskins were the team captains.
|
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enwiki
| 32,578,108 |
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_Wisconsin_Badgers_football_team
|
2025-03-10T05:06:26Z
|
en
|
Q4565120
| 127,396 |
{{short description|American college football season}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox college sports team season
| year = 1942
| team = Wisconsin Badgers
| sport = football
| image =
| image_size =
| conference = [[Big Ten Conference]]
| short_conf = Big Ten
| APRank = 3
| record = 8–1–1
| conf_record = 4–1
| head_coach = [[Harry Stuhldreher]]
| hc_year = 7th
| mvp = [[Dave Schreiner]]
| captain = Dave Schreiner
| captain2 = Mark Hoskins
| stadium = [[Camp Randall Stadium]]
| champion = National champion ([[Helms Athletic Foundation|HAF]])
}}
{{1942 Big Ten Conference football standings}}
The '''1942 Wisconsin Badgers football team''' was an [[American football]] team that represented the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison|University of Wisconsin]] in the [[1942 Big Ten Conference football season]]. The team compiled an 8–1–1 record (4–1 against conference opponents), finished in second place in the [[Big Ten Conference]], led the conference in scoring defense (6.8 points allowed per game),<ref>{{cite web|title=1942 Big Ten Conference Year Summary|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|work=SR/College Football|access-date=January 5, 2017|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/conferences/western/1942.html}}</ref> and was ranked No. 3 in the final [[AP Poll]]. [[Harry Stuhldreher]] was in his seventh year as Wisconsin's head coach.<ref name=SR>{{cite news|title=1942 Wisconsin Badgers Schedule and Results|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|work=SR/College Football|date=March 13, 2017|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/wisconsin/1942-schedule.html}}</ref><ref name=FB>{{cite web|title=Wisconsin Football 2016 Fact Book|publisher=University of Wisconsin|year=2016|pages=212, 219|url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/big10/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2016-17/misc_non_event/wisconsin-media-guide.pdf|access-date=2017-03-14|archive-date=2016-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230230850/http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/big10/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2016-17/misc_non_event/wisconsin-media-guide.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The [[Helms Athletic Foundation]] selected Wisconsin as the 1942 national champion at the end of the season, giving the program its only national championship.<ref name="Helms1942">{{cite news |date=January 11, 1943 |title=Badgers Rated Nation's No. 1 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113302523/badgers-rated-nations-no-1-1942-helms/ |work=Wisconsin State Journal |publication-place=Madison, Wisconsin |access-date=November 18, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{citation | last = Jenkins| first = Dan | title = This Year The Fight Will Be in the Open | journal = Sports Illustrated | date = September 11, 1967 | page=33 | volume = 27 | issue = 11 | publisher = Time Inc. | location=Chicago, IL | url=https://www.si.com/vault/1967/09/11/614180/this-year-the-fight-will-be-in-the-open | access-date=March 16, 2016|quote=In 1948, the Helms Athletic Foundation decided to name a national champion … and name past champions. The director of Helms since its beginning, Bill Schroeder, did the work, and he now heads the committee that selects No. 1 after the bowl games. 'A committee of one – me,' he says.}}</ref> Ohio State, a team that Wisconsin defeated, was selected as national champion in the AP Poll.<ref>{{cite web|title=1942 College Football National Championship|publisher=TipTop25.com|access-date=March 13, 2017|url=http://www.tiptop25.com/champ1942.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=We are — or were — the champions?|newspaper=Wisconsin State Journal|author=Andy Baggott|date=January 8, 2013|url=http://host.madison.com/sports/columnists/andy_baggot/andy-baggot-we-are-or-were-the-champions/article_df558302-592b-11e2-b8d8-0019bb2963f4.html}}</ref><ref>2016 Fact Book, p. 328.</ref>
The team played its home games at [[Camp Randall Stadium]]. During the 1942 season, the average attendance at home games was 29,026.<ref>2016 Fact Book, p. 258.</ref>
==Schedule==
{{CFB schedule
| rankyear = 1942
| poll = AP
| timezone = Central
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = September 19
| time =
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = [[1942 Camp Grant Warriors football team|Camp Grant]]
| site_stadium = [[Camp Randall Stadium]]
| site_cityst = [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison, WI]]
| score = 7–0
| source = <ref>{{cite news|title=Wisconsin Beats Camp Grant, 7-0|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|author=Wilfrid Smith|date=September 20, 1942|pages=2-1, 2-6|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17949196/wisconsin_beats_camp_grant_70/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = September 26
| time =
| w/l = t
| nonconf = y
| opponent = [[1942 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team|Notre Dame]]
| site_stadium = Camp Randall Stadium
| site_cityst = Madison, WI
| score = 7–7
| attend = 23,243
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 3
| time =
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = [[1942 Marquette Hilltoppers football team|Marquette]]
| site_stadium = Camp Randall Stadium
| site_cityst = Madison, WI
| score = 35–7
| attend = 35,000
| source = <ref>{{cite news|title=Wisconsin Romps Over Marquette, 35-7|newspaper=The Wisconsin State Journal|author=Willard R. Smith|date=October 4, 1942|page=27|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/121645344/wisconsin-romps-over-marquette-35-7/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 10
| time =
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = [[1942 Missouri Tigers football team|Missouri]]
| site_stadium = Camp Randall Stadium
| site_cityst = Madison, WI
| score = 17–9
| attend =
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 17
| time =
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| away = y
| rank = 7
| opponent = [[1942 Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets football team|Great Lakes Navy]]
| site_stadium = [[Soldier Field]]
| site_cityst = [[Chicago|Chicago, IL]]
| score = 13–7
| attend = 30,000
| source = <ref>{{cite news|title=Badger Rally Wins, 13-7, Over Great Lakes|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|author=Irving Vaughan|date=October 18, 1942|pages=2-1, 2-8|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17887416/badger_rally_wins_137_over_great/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 24
| time =
| w/l = w
| away = y
| rank = 7
| opponent = [[1942 Purdue Boilermakers football team|Purdue]]
| site_stadium = [[Ross–Ade Stadium]]
| site_cityst = [[West Lafayette, Indiana|West Lafayette, IN]]
| score = 13–0
| attend = 20,000
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 31
| time =
| w/l = w
| homecoming = y
| rank = 6
| opponent = [[1942 Ohio State Buckeyes football team|Ohio State]]
| opprank = 1
| site_stadium = Camp Randall Stadium
| site_cityst = Madison, WI
| score = 17–7
| attend = 45,000
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 7
| time =
| w/l = l
| away = y
| rank = 2
| opponent = [[1942 Iowa Hawkeyes football team|Iowa]]
| site_stadium = [[Kinnick Stadium|Iowa Stadium]]
| site_cityst = [[Iowa City, Iowa|Iowa City, IA]]
| gamename = [[Iowa–Wisconsin football rivalry|rivalry]]
| score = 0–6
| attend =
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 14
| time =
| w/l = w
| away = y
| rank = 7
| opponent = [[1942 Northwestern Wildcats football team|Northwestern]]
| site_stadium = [[Ryan Field (stadium)|Dyche Stadium]]
| site_cityst = [[Evanston, Illinois|Evanston, IL]]
| score = 20–19
| attend =
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 21
| time =
| w/l = w
| rank = 7
| opponent = [[1942 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team|Minnesota]]
| opprank = 10
| site_stadium = Camp Randall Stadium
| site_cityst = Madison, WI
| gamename = [[Minnesota–Wisconsin football rivalry|rivalry]]
| score = 20–6
| attend = 46,000
}}
}}<ref name=SR/><ref name=FB/>
==Rankings==
{{see also|1942 college football rankings}}
{{Ranking movements
| poll1title = [[AP poll|AP]]
| poll1firstweek = 1
| poll1lastweek = 8
| poll1_1=7
| poll1_2=7 {{small|(2)}}
| poll1_3=6 {{small|(1)}}
| poll1_4=2 {{small|(20.33)}}
| poll1_5=7
| poll1_6=7
| poll1_7=4 {{small|(2)}}
| poll1_8=3 {{small|(4)}}
}}
==Awards and honors==
End [[Dave Schreiner]] received the [[Chicago Tribune Silver Football|''Chicago Tribune'' Silver Football]] as the Big Ten's most valuable player.<ref>{{cite news|title=Schreiner Named Most Valuable In Big Nine: Tribune Silver Football Won By Badger End|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=December 20, 1942|page=2-1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8210229/schreiner_named_most_valuable_in_big/}}</ref> Schreiner was also selected as a unanimous first-team player on the [[1942 College Football All-America Team]].<ref>{{cite web|title=2014 NCAA Football Records: Consensus All-America Selections|publisher=National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)|year=2014|access-date=August 16, 2014|page=6|url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/2014/Awards.pdf|archive-date=December 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222163944/http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/2014/Awards.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Schreiner and tackle Bob Baumann joined the [[United States Marine Corps]] and were killed in action during the [[Battle of Okinawa]] in June 1945.<ref>{{cite news|title=Schreiner of Badgers Dies on Okinawa|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=June 30, 1945|page=2-1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9539678/schreiner_of_badgers_dies_on_okinawa/}}</ref>
Journalist and author Terry Frei, the son of Wisconsin guard and decorated P-38 pilot Jerry Frei, wrote a critically acclaimed 2007 book, Third Down and a War to Go, about the '42 Badgers and the team's virtually universal heroism in World War II in both theaters.
In addition to Schreiner, other Wisconsin players receiving All-America or All-Big Ten honors in 1942 were:
* Fullback [[Pat Harder]] was selected as a first-team All-American by the All-America Board and the [[Walter Camp Football Foundation]].<ref name=ESPN>{{cite book|title=ESPN College Football Encyclopedia|page=1187|publisher=ESPN Books|year=2005|isbn=1401337031}}</ref> Harder was also selected by the [[Associated Press]] (AP) and [[United Press]] (UP) as a first-team player on the [[1942 All-Big Ten Conference football team]].<ref name=BAP>{{cite news|title=Four Badgers Placed On All Big Ten Grid Team|newspaper=The Milwaukee Sentinel (AP story)|date=November 29, 1942|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1368&dat=19421128&id=dk5QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FQ0EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6363,4680737}}</ref><ref name=BUP>{{cite news|title=Wisconsin End Top Gridder On All Big Ten Eleven|author=Tommy Devine|newspaper=Reading Eagle (UP story)|date=December 1, 1942|page=15|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19421201&id=Zr8hAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7JwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2875,540714}}</ref>
* Center [[Fred Negus]] was selected by the AP and UP as a first-team All-Big Ten player.<ref name=BAP/><ref name=BUP/>
* Halfback [[Elroy "Crazylegs" Hirsch]] was selected by the AP as a first-team All-Big Ten player.<ref name=BAP/>
* Tackle Paul Hirsbrunner was selected by the UP as a second-team All-Big Ten player.<ref name=BUP/>
Three players from the 1942 Wisconsin team have been inducted into the [[College Football Hall of Fame]]: Dave Schreiner in 1955;<ref>{{cite web|title=Dave Schreiner|publisher=National Football Foundation|access-date=March 13, 2017|url={{College Football HoF/url|id=1711}}}}</ref> Elroy Hirsch in 1974;<ref>{{cite web|title=Elroy "Crazy Legs" Hirsch|publisher=National Football Foundation|access-date=March 13, 2017|url={{College Football HoF/url|id=1712}}}}</ref> and Pat Harder in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pat Harder|publisher=National Football Foundation|access-date=March 13, 2017|url={{College Football HoF/url|id=1710}}}}</ref>
Dave Schreiner received the team's most valuable player award.<ref>2016 Fact Book, p. 181.</ref> Schreiner and Mark Hoskins were the team [[Captain (American football)|captains]].<ref>2016 Fact Book, p. 185.</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Wisconsin Badgers football navbox}}
[[Category:1942 Big Ten Conference football season|Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Wisconsin Badgers football seasons]]
[[Category:1942 in sports in Wisconsin|Wisconsin Badgers football]]
| 1,279,724,083 |
[{"title": "National champion (HAF)", "data": {"Conference": "Big Ten Conference"}}, {"title": "Ranking", "data": {"AP": "No. 3", "Record": "8\u20131\u20131 (4\u20131 Big Ten)", "Head coach": "- Harry Stuhldreher (7th season)", "MVP": "Dave Schreiner", "Captains": "- Dave Schreiner - Mark Hoskins", "Home stadium": "Camp Randall Stadium"}}]
| false |
# 1923 Mississippi gubernatorial election
The 1923 Mississippi gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1923, in order to elect the Governor of Mississippi. Incumbent Democrat Lee M. Russell was term-limited, and could not run for reelection to a second term. As was common at the time, the Democratic candidate ran unopposed in the general election so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered tantamount to election.
This gubernatorial election was the first in Mississippi that allowed women the right to vote.
## Democratic primary
### Candidates
- Percy Bell
- Theodore Bilbo, former Governor of Mississippi (1916–20)
- Martin S. Conner, State Representative from Covington County
- Lester C. Franklin, President of the Mississippi Yazoo Delta Levee Board and former State Senator from Clarksdale
- Henry L. Whitfield, president of the Mississippi State College for Women and former Mississippi Superintendent of Education
### Results
No candidate received a majority in the Democratic primary, which featured 5 contenders, so a runoff was held between the top two candidates.
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ----------- | ------------------ | ------- | ------ |
| | Democratic | Henry L. Whitfield | 85,328 | 33.58 |
| | Democratic | Theodore G. Bilbo | 65,105 | 25.62 |
| | Democratic | Martin S. Conner | 48,739 | 19.18 |
| | Democratic | Lester C. Franklin | 37,245 | 14.66 |
| | Democratic | Percy Bell | 17,724 | 6.97 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 254,141 | 100.00 |
### Runoff
The runoff election was won by former Superintendent of Education Henry L. Whitfield, who defeated former Governor Theodore G. Bilbo.
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ----------- | ------------------ | ------- | ------ |
| | Democratic | Henry L. Whitfield | 134,715 | 53.28 |
| | Democratic | Theodore G. Bilbo | 118,143 | 46.72 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 252,858 | 100.00 |
## General election
In the general election, Whitfield ran unopposed.
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | --------------- | ------------------ | ------ | ------ |
| | Democratic | Henry L. Whitfield | 29,138 | 100.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 29,138 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic hold | | | |
|
enwiki/52523584
|
enwiki
| 52,523,584 |
1923 Mississippi gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923_Mississippi_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-31T03:09:55Z
|
en
|
Q28221453
| 150,249 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1923 Mississippi Democratic gubernatorial primary runoff
| type = presidential
| country = Mississippi
| flag_image = Flag of Mississippi (1894-1996).svg
| previous_election = 1919 Mississippi gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1919
| next_election = 1927 Mississippi gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1927
| ongoing = no
| election_date = November 6, 1923
| registered =
| turnout =
<!-- person 1 -->
| image1 =Henry L. Whitfield, 1900.jpg
| nominee1 = '''[[Henry L. Whitfield]]'''
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''134,715'''
| percentage1 = '''53.28%'''
| image2 = Theodore Bilbo (cropped).jpg
| nominee2 = [[Theodore G. Bilbo]]
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 118,143
| percentage2 = 46.72%
<!-- map -->
| map_image = 1923 Mississippi gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 150px
| map_alt =
| map =
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Whitfield:''' {{legend0|#8ca9e1|50-60%}} {{legend0|#668cd7|60-70%}} {{legend0|#4271cd|70-80%}} {{legend0|#3258a1|80-90%}}<br/>'''Bilbo:''' {{legend0|#c0a32f|50-60%}} {{legend0|#a88600|60-70%}} {{legend0|#907300|70-80%}}
<!-- bottom -->
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Lee M. Russell]]
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Henry L. Whitfield]]
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsMS}}
The '''1923 Mississippi gubernatorial election''' took place on November 6, 1923, in order to elect the [[Governor of Mississippi]]. Incumbent Democrat [[Lee M. Russell]] was term-limited, and could not run for reelection to a second term. As was common at the time, the Democratic candidate ran unopposed in the general election so therefore the Democratic primary was the real contest, and winning the primary was considered [[tantamount to election]].
This gubernatorial election was the first in Mississippi that [[Women's suffrage in the United States|allowed women the right to vote]].
==Democratic primary==
=== Candidates ===
* Percy Bell
* [[Theodore G. Bilbo|Theodore Bilbo]], former Governor of Mississippi (1916–20)
* [[Martin Sennet Conner|Martin S. Conner]], State Representative from [[Covington County, Mississippi|Covington County]]
* [[Lester C. Franklin]], President of the Mississippi Yazoo Delta Levee Board and former State Senator from [[Clarksdale, Mississippi|Clarksdale]]
* [[Henry L. Whitfield]], president of the Mississippi State College for Women and former Mississippi Superintendent of Education
===Results===
No candidate received a majority in the Democratic primary, which featured 5 contenders, so a runoff was held between the top two candidates.{{Election box begin no change | title=Mississippi Democratic gubernatorial primary, 1923<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=377222|title=MS Governor D Primary 1923|publisher=Our Campaigns|access-date=December 8, 2016}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Henry L. Whitfield]]
|votes = 85,328
|percentage = 33.58
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Theodore G. Bilbo]]
|votes = 65,105
|percentage = 25.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Martin Sennet Conner|Martin S. Conner]]
|votes = 48,739
|percentage = 19.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Lester C. Franklin]]
|votes = 37,245
|percentage = 14.66
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = Percy Bell
|votes = 17,724
|percentage = 6.97
}}
{{Election box total no change|
|votes = 254,141
|percentage = 100.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}
===Runoff===
The runoff election was won by former Superintendent of Education [[Henry L. Whitfield]], who defeated former Governor [[Theodore G. Bilbo]].{{Election box begin no change | title=Mississippi Democratic gubernatorial primary runoff, 1923<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=377220|title=MS Governor D Primary Runoff 1923|publisher=Our Campaigns|access-date=December 8, 2016}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Henry L. Whitfield]]
|votes = 134,715
|percentage = 53.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Theodore G. Bilbo]]
|votes = 118,143
|percentage = 46.72
}}
{{Election box total no change|
|votes = 252,858
|percentage = 100.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==General election==
In the general election, Whitfield ran unopposed.
===Results===
{{Election box begin no change | title=Mississippi gubernatorial election, 1923<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=263364|title=MS Governor 1923|publisher=Our Campaigns|access-date=December 8, 2016}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Henry L. Whitfield]]
|votes = 29,138
|percentage = 100.00
}}
{{Election box total no change|
|votes = 29,138
|percentage = 100.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|
|winner = Democratic Party (United States)
|loser =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}{{1923 United States elections|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Mississippi gubernatorial elections|1923]]
[[Category:1923 Mississippi elections|gubernatorial]]
[[Category:1923 United States gubernatorial elections|Mississippi]]
[[Category:November 1923 in the United States]]
{{Mississippi-election-stub}}
| 1,272,974,880 |
[{"title": "1923 Mississippi Democratic gubernatorial primary runoff", "data": {"\u2190 1919": "November 6, 1923 \u00b7 1927 \u2192", "Nominee": "Henry L. Whitfield \u00b7 Theodore G. Bilbo", "Party": "Democratic \u00b7 Democratic", "Popular vote": "134,715 \u00b7 118,143", "Percentage": "53.28% \u00b7 46.72%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Lee M. Russell \u00b7 Democratic": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Henry L. Whitfield \u00b7 Democratic"}}]
| false |
# 1210s in Scotland
Events from the 1210s in the Kingdom of Scotland.
## Monarchs
- William I, 1165–1214[1]
- Alexander II, 1214–1249[2]
## Events
- 4 December 1214 – King William I dies in Stirling and is succeeded by his son, King Alexander II.[1]
- 6 December 1214 – Alexander II is crowned at Scone.[2]
- 1217 – Culross Abbey is established by Maol Choluim I, Earl of Fife in Culross.
## Births
Full date unknown
- c. 1210 – Gilbert, Earl of Orkney (died c. 1256)
- c. 1210 – Dervorguilla of Galloway (died 1290)
- c. 1210 – William de Moravia, 1st Earl of Sutherland (died 1248)
- 1211 – Henry, Earl of Atholl
- c. 1213 – Patrick III, Earl of Dunbar (died 1289)
- 1214 – Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland (died c. 1282)
- c. 1215 – John Comyn I of Badenoch (died c. 1274)
- c. 1215 – Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale (died 1295)
## Deaths
- 16 July 1212 – William de Brus, 3rd Lord of Annandale
- 4 December 1214 – King William I (born c. 1142)[1]
- 17 June 1219 – David, Earl of Huntingdon (born 1152)
Full date unknown
- c. 1211 – Gofraid mac Domnaill
- c. 1217 – Ailín II, Earl of Lennox
- c. 1219 – Hugh de Moravia
|
enwiki/72587474
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enwiki
| 72,587,474 |
1210s in Scotland
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1210s_in_Scotland
|
2025-02-15T10:36:36Z
|
en
|
Q116169584
| 197,627 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{refimprove|date=December 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2022}}
Events from the '''1210s in the [[Kingdom of Scotland]]'''.
== Monarchs ==
* [[William the Lion|William I]], 1165–1214<ref name=Peberdy>{{cite book |last1=Peberdy |first1=Robert |last2=Waller |first2=Philip |title=A Dictionary of British and Irish History |date=23 November 2020 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-631-20155-7 |page=673 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rKwEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA673 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Alexander II of Scotland|Alexander II]], 1214–1249<ref name=Venning>{{cite book |last1=Venning |first1=Timothy |title=The Kings & Queens of Scotland |date=15 August 2013 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4456-1324-6 |page=XXIV |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vhaoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR24 |language=en}}</ref>
== Events ==
* 4 December 1214 – [[William the Lion|King William I]] dies in Stirling and is succeeded by his son, [[Alexander II of Scotland|King Alexander II]].<ref name=Peberdy />
* 6 December 1214 – [[Alexander II of Scotland|Alexander II]] is crowned at [[Scone, Scotland|Scone]].<ref name=Venning />
* 1217 – [[Culross Abbey]] is established by [[Maol Choluim I, Earl of Fife]] in [[Culross]].
== Births ==
'''Full date unknown'''
* c. 1210 – [[Gilbert, Earl of Orkney]] (died c. [[1250s in Scotland|1256]])
* c. 1210 – [[Dervorguilla of Galloway]] (died [[1290s in Scotland|1290]])
* c. 1210 – [[William de Moravia, 1st Earl of Sutherland]] (died [[1240s in Scotland|1248]])
* 1211 – [[Henry, Earl of Atholl]]
* c. 1213 – [[Patrick III, Earl of Dunbar]] (died [[1280s in Scotland|1289]])
* 1214 – [[Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland]] (died c. [[1280s in Scotland|1282]])
* c. 1215 – [[John Comyn I of Badenoch]] (died c. [[1270s in Scotland|1274]])
* c. 1215 – [[Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale]] (died [[1290s in Scotland|1295]])
== Deaths ==
* 16 July 1212 – [[William de Brus, 3rd Lord of Annandale]]
* 4 December 1214 – King [[William the Lion|William I]] (born c. [[12th century in Scotland|1142]])<ref name=Peberdy />
* 17 June 1219 – [[David, Earl of Huntingdon]] (born [[12th century in Scotland|1152]])
'''Full date unknown'''
* c. 1211 – [[Gofraid mac Domnaill]]
* c. 1217 – [[Ailín II, Earl of Lennox]]
* c. 1219 – [[Hugh de Moravia]]
== See also ==
* [[List of years in Scotland]]
* [[Timeline of Scottish history]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Years in Scotland|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:13th century in Scotland|1210s]]
| 1,275,839,203 |
[]
| false |
# 1897–98 Scottish Football League
Statistics of the Scottish Football League in season 1897–98.
## Overview
Celtic are champions of the Scottish Division One.
Kilmarnock won the Scottish Division Two but were not promoted.
## Scottish League Division One
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | ------------------- | --- | -- | - | -- | -- | -- | --- | --- | --------------------------- |
| 1 | Celtic (C) | 18 | 15 | 3 | 0 | 56 | 13 | +43 | 33 | Champions |
| 2 | Rangers | 18 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 71 | 15 | +56 | 29 | |
| 3 | Hibernian | 18 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 47 | 29 | +18 | 22 | |
| 4 | Heart of Midlothian | 18 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 54 | 33 | +21 | 20 | |
| 5 | St Mirren | 18 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 30 | 36 | −6 | 18 | |
| 5 | Third Lanark | 18 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 37 | 38 | −1 | 18 | |
| 7 | Dundee | 18 | 5 | 3 | 10 | 29 | 36 | −7 | 13 | |
| 8 | Partick Thistle | 18 | 6 | 1 | 11 | 34 | 64 | −30 | 13 | |
| 9 | St Bernard's | 18 | 4 | 1 | 13 | 35 | 67 | −32 | 9 | |
| 10 | Clyde | 18 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 21 | 83 | −62 | 5 | |
1. 1 2 Dundee and Partick Thistle finished level on points but Dundee won a play-off match to determine ranking positions.[1]
## Scottish League Division Two
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --------------------- | --- | -- | - | -- | -- | -- | --- | --- | --------------------------- |
| 1 | Kilmarnock (C) | 18 | 14 | 1 | 3 | 64 | 29 | +35 | 29 | |
| 2 | Port Glasgow Athletic | 18 | 12 | 1 | 5 | 66 | 36 | +30 | 25 | |
| 3 | Morton | 18 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 47 | 38 | +9 | 22 | |
| 4 | Leith Athletic | 18 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 40 | 39 | +1 | 20 | |
| 5 | Abercorn | 18 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 33 | 41 | −8 | 16 | |
| 5 | Ayr | 18 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 36 | 43 | −7 | 16 | |
| 5 | Linthouse | 18 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 38 | 39 | −1 | 16 | |
| 8 | Airdrieonians | 18 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 45 | 56 | −11 | 14 | |
| 9 | Hamilton Academical | 14 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 26 | 32 | −6 | 12 | |
| 10 | Motherwell | 18 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 31 | 56 | −25 | 10 | |
| - | Renton (R) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 19 | −17 | 0 | Resigned |
1. ↑ Hamilton Academical took Renton's place in the league and fulfilled the club's remaining fixtures.
2. ↑ Renton resigned after playing four games.
|
enwiki/17730035
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enwiki
| 17,730,035 |
1897–98 Scottish Football League
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897%E2%80%9398_Scottish_Football_League
|
2024-05-19T16:52:44Z
|
en
|
Q1532967
| 85,984 |
{{short description|Scottish football season}}
{{Refimprove|date=April 2011}}
Statistics of the [[Scottish Football League]] in season 1897–98.
==Overview==
[[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] are champions of the [[Scottish Football League First Division|Scottish Division One]].
[[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]] won the [[Scottish Football League Second Division|Scottish Division Two]] but were not promoted.
==Scottish League Division One==
{{main|1897–98 Scottish Division One}}
{{:1897–98 Scottish Division One}}
==Scottish League Division Two==
{{main|1897–98 Scottish Division Two}}
{{:1897–98 Scottish Division Two}}
==See also==
*[[1897–98 in Scottish football]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Scottish Football League Seasons}}
{{Portal bar|Association football|Scotland}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Scottish Football League 1897-98}}
[[Category:Scottish Football League seasons|1897-98]]
[[Category:1897–88 Scottish Football League| ]]
| 1,224,651,009 |
[]
| false |
# 1942 Wisła Kraków season
The 1942 Wisła Kraków season was the 21st season of Polish football club Wisła Kraków.
Only two matches were played due to World War II.
## Friendlies
| 14 June 1942 | Wisła Kraków | 2–0 | Garbarnia Kraków | Kraków, Poland |
| | Gracz · Woźniak | Report | | Stadium: Boisko w Bronowicach Małych Attendance: 1,500 |
| 21 June 1942 | Wisła Kraków | 5–5 | Bloki Kraków | Kraków, Poland |
| | | Report | | Stadium: Boisko w Bronowicach Małych |
|
enwiki/53611047
|
enwiki
| 53,611,047 |
1942 Wisła Kraków season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_Wis%C5%82a_Krak%C3%B3w_season
|
2023-02-13T23:02:12Z
|
en
|
Q30632686
| 59,475 |
{{more footnotes|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Wisła Kraków]]
| season = 1942
| manager =
| chairman = [[Tadeusz Orzelski]]
| league =
| league result =
| cup1 =
| cup1 result =
| cup2 =
| cup2 result =
| cup3 =
| cup3 result =
| cup4 =
| cup4 result =
| league topscorer =
| season topscorer =
| prevseason = [[1941 Wisła Kraków season|1941]]
| nextseason = [[1943 Wisła Kraków season|1943]]
}}
The '''1942 Wisła Kraków season''' was the 21st season of Polish football club [[Wisła Kraków]].
Only two matches were played due to [[World War II]].
==Friendlies==
{{football box collapsible
|date = 14 June 1942
|time =
|team1 = Wisła Kraków {{flagicon|POL}}
|score = 2–0
|team2 = {{flagicon|POL}} [[Garbarnia Kraków]]
|report = [http://historiawisly.pl/wiki/index.php?title=1942.06.14_Garbarnia_Krak%C3%B3w_-_Wis%C5%82a_Krak%C3%B3w_0:2 Report]
|goals1 = [[Mieczysław Gracz|Gracz]] {{goal}}<br>[[Artur Woźniak|Woźniak]] {{goal}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = Boisko w Bronowicach Małych
|location = [[Kraków]], [[Poland]]
|attendance = 1,500
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 21 June 1942
|time =
|team1 = Wisła Kraków {{flagicon|POL}}
|score = 5–5
|team2 = {{flagicon|POL}} Bloki Kraków
|report = [http://historiawisly.pl/wiki/index.php?title=1942.06.21_Wis%C5%82a_Krak%C3%B3w_-_Bloki_5:5 Report]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = Boisko w Bronowicach Małych
|location = [[Kraków]], [[Poland]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
==External links==
*[http://historiawisly.pl/wiki/index.php?title=Sezon_1942_%28pi%C5%82ka_no%C5%BCna%29 1942 Wisła Kraków season at historiawisly.pl]
{{Wisła Kraków seasons}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1942 Wisla Krakow season}}
[[Category:Wisła Kraków seasons]]
[[Category:Association football clubs 1942 season]]
[[Category:1942 in Polish football|Wisla]]
{{Poland-season-footyclub-stub}}
| 1,139,206,627 |
[{"title": "Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w", "data": {"Chairman": "Tadeusz Orzelski"}}]
| false |
# 121 George Street, The Rocks
121 George Street, The Rocks is a heritage-listed retail building and former terrace house and shops located at 121 George Street, in the inner city Sydney suburb of The Rocks in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was built during 1880 for Thomas Playfair. It is also known as Baker's Oven – Shop and residence. The property is owned by Property NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002.
## History
The first major building constructed on the western side of George Street was the hospital by July 1788. Located on the block currently bounded by Globe, George and Argyle Streets, which includes the study site, the hospital was seen as being "well clear of town" at the time. A temporary prefabricated hospital was added in 1790 with the arrival of the Second Fleet. The hospital was upgraded to include three wings by 1802. The yard and gardens at the north of the hospital covered the study site.
### Development by William Davis and family
The removal of the hospital building from its George Street location opened this land up for development. The site of No. 123-125 George Street was claimed by William Davis, who had arrived in the colony in February 1800 as an Irish exile. Davis was a blacksmith by trade and had been charged with supplying weapons (pikes) to the Irish uprising in 1798. Arriving in Sydney, he was assigned to work in the lumber yard after having received 200 lashes for his suspected involvement in a planned convict escape.
By 1809, Davis had left the lumber yard moving first to Parramatta, then returning to Sydney to live at Church Hill. Davis and his wife, Catherine, prospered in the new colony. By 1816, when the hospital closed, Davis was a successful publican and landholder, having a house at Church Hill and two properties in Parramatta. When the former hospital site became available in 1816, Davis acquired some of the land. This included the former northern wing of the hospital, which Davis converted into four separate houses. These dwellings stood on the site, adjacent to No. 121 George Street until the construction of the Police Station in the early 1880s. With four houses on his land, Davis was not compelled to develop his entire holding at once. A map from 1822 suggests that a quarry may have operated on part of the site. While Davis continued possession of the site, it was not until 1834 that his claim to the land was made official via a grant of 12 perches, made on 29 October by Governor Richard Bourke. Davis died in 1834.
The grandson of his brother John, John Davis, was appointed co-executor of Davis' estate with Father John McEncroe, the Catholic Priest at Church Hill, and John Dalley, who owned the property next to Davis' George Street tavern. John Davis took possession of the George Street property and built a house to the rear of it.
The George Street frontage remained clear during the ownership of both Davis and Henry Byrnes, who purchased the property around 1877. Byrnes was a waterman in Sydney, operating small boats to service the ships and ferry passengers and cargo between the ships and shore. In the tradition of the previous owners, Byrnes leased the property to be used by traders and store holders. In 1870, W. Hooper, a greengrocer, occupied No. 123 and T. Barry, bootmaker, occupied No. 125. The shops continued as a greengrocer, (J. Paddon) and a bootmaker (J. McAuley) until September 1881, when they and the rear buildings were pulled down.
### Redevelopment by Thomas Playfair
Thomas Playfair had arrived in Sydney in 1859 as a sailor in the British Navy aboard the MHS Pelorus. He settled in Sydney after his discharge and went into a partnership with a local wholesale butcher, William Bailey. By 1862, Playfair was operating his own butchery in Lower George Street, providing meat to the ships that were moored in Sydney Cove. In this capacity, he quickly prospered in a lucrative market. In 1875, having lived in The Rocks for over ten years, Playfair was elected to the Sydney City Council as the member for the Gipps Ward, which he represented until a few months before his death in 1893. He served as Mayor of the city in 1885, and in 1889 he was elected to the Legislative Council as the Member for West Sydney, serving until 1891. As a successful merchant, Playfair began to expand his interests in property around The Rocks area, buying land and property.
In 1880, with the George Street frontage of No. 121 undeveloped, Henry Byrnes sold the land to Thomas Playfair. Playfair, who had also purchased the two blocks to the south, proceeded to develop the site. He erected a two-storey shop and dwelling fronting George Street with a single storey extension and outbuilding to the rear. In 1882, he built two other shops on the blocks of 123 and 125. The façade of these shops, executed in Victorian Free Classical Style was extended to include the front of No. 121 to create the shop front as it exists today. Paddon continued as a fruiterer in the new shop at No. 123, and C. W. Danielson, bookmaker in the other. Shop No. 125 became an outfitter and importer outlet in 1885. Playfair continued as landlord until the NSW Government resumed the property in 1900.
### Acquisition by the NSW Government
In 1900, Sydney was subjected to a panic attack that accompanied the diagnosis of the bubonic plague in the city. One of the first cases was found to be in The Rocks, and public attention was focused on the area. The government response to the situation was to resume the entire Rocks and Darling Harbour area, an estimated 900 properties, including houses, shops, hotels, warehouses and wharves and including No. 121 George Street. To administer this area, the Government formed the Sydney Harbour Trust in 1902.
While this constituted a substantial change for the owners of the stores, many of the occupants stayed on after the changeover. From 1936, the premises were administered by the Maritime Services Board. In 1970 the Sydney Cove Redevelopment Authority was established to administer and redevelop The Rocks. Nos. 121-125 George Street were to be demolished but after community protest and Green Bans placed on the area many historic buildings were saved. In 1985 the Sydney Cove Authority was formed, and then in 1999 the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority was created to administer and protect the area, signalling a new appreciation of heritage in the area.
## Description
No. 121 George Street is a two-storey commercial property that appears as part of a row of three shops with the same facade design. In fact, No. 121 was built before Nos. 123-125, however the front facade was modified when its neighbours were built so that the property appeared as one. The street facade is designed in the Victorian Free Classical style that was typically used for commercial properties and whenever a veneer of respectability was sought. The classically inspired stucco detailing was applied to the rendered masonry wall allowing for the flexibility of decorative motifs without slowing the construction of the building.
Style: Victorian Free Classical Style; Storeys: 2; Roof Cladding: Corrugated iron; Floor Frame: Timber/vinyl and carpet finish; Ceilings: Plasterboard/lined with timber boards.
### Condition
The exterior and interior of the building are in good condition. There is a continuing need for effective roof level maintenance to ensure the building is kept weather tight.
Archaeology Assessment Condition: Partly disturbed. Assessment Basis: Floors level with George Street, terraced up to former level of Nurses Walk. Recent building techniques (Bakehouse Place).
### Modifications and dates
- 1882 – Facade modified to match those of 123 & 125, built in 1882.
- 1922 – An additional rear single-storey hipped rood structure was constructed as bakery incorporating a bakers oven and baking room.
- c. 1977 – The building was extensively renovated. The bakery addition was modified to accommodate a living room and bathroom for residential use. Further modifications have since been made to accommodate use of the building as a cafe and sandwich bar.
- 1982 – The street awning was reconstructed and the parapet reinstated.
- 1980s – The front façade was restored.[1]
### Further information
Nos. 121–125 George Street are included as a single listing on the (now defunct) Register of the National Estate and the non-statutory National Trust of Australia register.
## Heritage listing
As at 28 January 2009, No. 121 George Street is a representative example of a commercial building in the Victorian Free Classical style. It was built in 1880 by Thomas Playfair, as one of his investments in The Rocks area and has had a continual commercial use since it was built. The surviving fabric has the ability to yield information on early building techniques as well as the way of life for the inhabitants. The bakery is a rare surviving example of such a facility constructed in 1922, and is a fine example of the tools used for the application of a traditional skill. Although now partly removed, some of the peel brick oven survives including the iron doors, front wall to the oven and the associated tools allowing for interpretation as a traditional oven and bakery. The building is an integral part of the fabric of The Rocks showing the growth of the area and in particular the importance of the harbourside to the commercial precinct of The Rocks
Shop and Residence - Bakers Oven was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
No. 121 George Street was built in 1880 as a commercial premise as part of the business precinct lining the harbour-side of The Rocks and is associated with the evolving pattern of urban fabric of the area. - The building is associated with Thomas Playfair, Mayor of Sydney in 1885. The building has had a continuous commercial use since it was built in 1880. The site retains elements of a combined shop/residence, once common throughout both the Rocks area and Sydney.
The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
No. 121 George Street is associated with Thomas Playfair, Mayor of Sydney in 1885. Playfair was a butcher and invested in property in the local area, of which 121 George Street is one such property. The property is also associated with William Davis, an Irish convict who was instrumental in helping the Catholic Church establish itself in Sydney.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
The building's facade is a fine example of the Victorian Free Classical style, executed to give a sense of decorum to an otherwise simple commercial and residential structure. The building has streetscape value as one building in a group of three that were designed to appear as one property. The building's scale and alignment to the street are typical of that found along the business precinct of George Street in The Rocks area. The street façade has remained relatively intact since it was constructed in 1882.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
The building has had a continuous commercial use since it was built in 1880. It has been used as a hairdresser's, a tobacconist, a bakery and a small shop. Since 1977 it has been a sandwich shop known as The Baker's Oven. The site retains elements of a combined shop/residence, once common throughout both The Rocks and Sydney in general.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
The fabric, although modified has the ability to yield information on the configuration of late Victorian commercial/residential buildings and aspects of the way of life of the people who inhabited them. Remnants of the baker's oven survive as an example of a peel brick oven including the associated baker's tool of timber peels and iron fire strokes. The site has the potential to contain subsurface archaeological deposits associated with the European occupation of the area.
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
The site has the potential to contain subsurface archaeological deposits associated with the early European occupation of the site and the surrounding area. Remnants of the baker's oven survive as an example of a peel brick oven including the associated baker's tool of timber peels and iron fire stokes.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
No. 121 George Street is representative of the nineteenth-century urban fabric that is found at The Rocks. It is a representative of a Victorian commercial property built in the Free Classical Style, and has been continuously occupied for commercial and retail purposes since construction in 1880. The building's scale and alignment to the street is typical of that found along the west side of George street and lining the harbourside as part of the business precinct of The Rocks. The building is part of the rich fabric of The Rocks which is highly regarded by residents, Sydney people and visitors and acknowledged by the Australian Heritage Commission and the National Trust as part of The Rocks Urban Conservation Area. The building at 121 George street is expressive of the close weaving of the social fabric of The Rocks area in the nineteenth century, by demonstrating the close links between the residential and commercial activities of the community.
### Bibliography
- Attraction Homepage (2007). "Bakers Oven". Archived from the original on 22 April 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
- Godden Mackay Heritage Consultants (1998). Conservation Plan, 121 George Street, The Rocks.
- Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd. (2006). 121 George Street, The Rocks, Conservation Management Plan.
- Maitland, Neil Colin (1983). George Street, The Rocks: A Streetscape Conservation Study.
- Sydney Cove Redevelopment Authority (SCRA) (1978). Building Data Sheet, HP/08.
- Sydney Cove Authority (SCA) (1998). SCA Register 1979-1998.
### Attribution
This Wikipedia article was originally based on Shop and Residence - Bakers Oven, entry number 1588 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 14 October 2018.
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121 George Street, The Rocks
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/121_George_Street,_The_Rocks
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2024-12-09T22:36:32Z
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{{Short description|Heritage-listed building in Sydney, Australia}}
<!-- Article title: Shop and Residence - Bakers Oven SHRNo:1588 DatabaseNo:5053204 -->
{{Use Australian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name = 121 George Street, The Rocks
| image = 121-125 George Street, The Rocks June 2021.jpg
| caption = 121 George Street, The Rocks is right hand building of the three [[terrace house]]s rendered in light green
| locmapin = Australia Sydney central#Australia
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|-33.8600|151.2084|region:AU-NSW_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| map_relief = yes
| location = 121 George Street, [[The Rocks, New South Wales|The Rocks]], [[City of Sydney]], [[New South Wales]], Australia
| area =
| elevation =
| height =
| beginning_label = Design period
| beginning_date =
| formed =
| founded =
| built = 1880
| built_for = [[Thomas Playfair]]
| demolished =
| architect =
| architecture = [[Australian residential architectural styles#Victorian Free Classical|Victorian Free Classical]]
| owner = [[Property NSW]]
| designation1 = New South Wales State Heritage Register
| designation1_offname = Shop and Residence – Bakers Oven; Baker's Oven – Shop and residence
| designation1_type = State heritage (built)
| designation1_date = 10 May 2002
| delisted1_date =
| designation1_partof =
| designation1_number = 1588
| designation1_free1name = Type
| designation1_free1value = Shop
| designation1_free2name = Category
| designation1_free2value = Retail and Wholesale
| designation1_free3name = Builders
| designation1_free3value =
}}
'''121 George Street, The Rocks''' is a heritage-listed retail building and former [[terrace house]] and shops located at 121 [[George Street, Sydney|George Street]], in the inner city [[Sydney]] suburb of [[The Rocks, New South Wales|The Rocks]] in the [[City of Sydney]] local government area of [[New South Wales]], Australia. It was built during 1880 for [[Thomas Playfair]]. It is also known as '''Baker's Oven – Shop and residence'''. The property is owned by [[Property NSW]], an [[government agency|agency]] of the [[Government of New South Wales]]. It was added to the [[New South Wales State Heritage Register]] on 10 May 2002.<ref name=nswshr-1588>{{cite NSW SHR|5053204|Shop and Residence - Bakers Oven|hr=01588|accessdate=14 October 2018}}</ref>
== History ==
The first major building constructed on the western side of George Street was the hospital by July 1788. Located on the block currently bounded by Globe, George and Argyle Streets, which includes the study site, the hospital was seen as being "well clear of town" at the time. A temporary prefabricated hospital was added in 1790 with the arrival of the [[Second Fleet (Australia)|Second Fleet]]. The hospital was upgraded to include three wings by 1802. The yard and gardens at the north of the hospital covered the study site.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
===Development by William Davis and family===
The removal of the hospital building from its George Street location opened this land up for development. The site of No. 123-125 George Street was claimed by William Davis, who had arrived in the colony in February 1800 as an Irish exile. Davis was a blacksmith by trade and had been charged with supplying weapons (pikes) to the Irish uprising in 1798. Arriving in Sydney, he was assigned to work in the lumber yard after having received 200 lashes for his suspected involvement in a planned convict escape.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
By 1809, Davis had left the lumber yard moving first to [[Parramatta]], then returning to Sydney to live at Church Hill. Davis and his wife, Catherine, prospered in the new colony. By 1816, when the hospital closed, Davis was a successful publican and landholder, having a house at [[Sydney central business district#Church Hill|Church Hill]] and two properties in Parramatta. When the former hospital site became available in 1816, Davis acquired some of the land. This included the former northern wing of the hospital, which Davis converted into four separate houses. These dwellings stood on the site, adjacent to No. 121 George Street until the construction of the [[Old Police Station, The Rocks|Police Station]] in the early 1880s. With four houses on his land, Davis was not compelled to develop his entire holding at once. A map from 1822 suggests that a quarry may have operated on part of the site. While Davis continued possession of the site, it was not until 1834 that his claim to the land was made official via a [[land grant|grant]] of 12 perches, made on 29 October by [[Richard Bourke|Governor Richard Bourke]]. Davis died in 1834.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
The grandson of his brother John, John Davis, was appointed co-executor of Davis' estate with Father John McEncroe, the Catholic Priest at Church Hill, and John Dalley, who owned the property next to Davis' George Street tavern. John Davis took possession of the George Street property and built a house to the rear of it.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
The George Street frontage remained clear during the ownership of both Davis and Henry Byrnes, who purchased the property around 1877. Byrnes was a waterman in Sydney, operating small boats to service the ships and ferry passengers and cargo between the ships and shore. In the tradition of the previous owners, Byrnes leased the property to be used by traders and store holders. In 1870, W. Hooper, a greengrocer, occupied No. 123 and T. Barry, bootmaker, occupied No. 125. The shops continued as a greengrocer, (J. Paddon) and a bootmaker (J. McAuley) until September 1881, when they and the rear buildings were pulled down.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
===Redevelopment by Thomas Playfair===
[[Thomas Playfair]] had arrived in Sydney in 1859 as a sailor in the British Navy aboard the MHS ''Pelorus''. He settled in Sydney after his discharge and went into a partnership with a local wholesale butcher, William Bailey. By 1862, Playfair was operating his own butchery in Lower George Street, providing meat to the ships that were moored in [[Sydney Cove]]. In this capacity, he quickly prospered in a lucrative market. In 1875, having lived in The Rocks for over ten years, Playfair was elected to the Sydney City Council as the member for the Gipps Ward, which he represented until a few months before his death in 1893. He served as Mayor of the city in 1885, and in 1889 he was elected to the [[New South Wales Legislative Council|Legislative Council]] as the Member for West Sydney, serving until 1891. As a successful merchant, Playfair began to expand his interests in property around The Rocks area, buying land and property.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
In 1880, with the George Street frontage of No. 121 undeveloped, Henry Byrnes sold the land to Thomas Playfair. Playfair, who had also purchased the two blocks to the south, proceeded to develop the site. He erected a two-storey shop and dwelling fronting George Street with a single storey extension and outbuilding to the rear. In 1882, he built two other shops on the blocks of 123 and 125. The [[façade]] of these shops, executed in Victorian Free Classical Style was extended to include the front of No. 121 to create the shop front as it exists today. Paddon continued as a fruiterer in the new shop at No. 123, and C. W. Danielson, bookmaker in the other. Shop No. 125 became an outfitter and importer outlet in 1885. Playfair continued as landlord until the [[Government of New South Wales|NSW Government]] resumed the property in 1900.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
===Acquisition by the NSW Government===
In 1900, Sydney was subjected to a panic attack that accompanied the diagnosis of the [[bubonic plague]] in the city. One of the first cases was found to be in The Rocks, and public attention was focused on the area. The government response to the situation was to resume the entire Rocks and [[Darling Harbour]] area, an estimated 900 properties, including houses, shops, hotels, warehouses and wharves and including No. 121 George Street. To administer this area, the Government formed the [[Sydney Harbour Trust]] in 1902.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
While this constituted a substantial change for the owners of the stores, many of the occupants stayed on after the changeover. From 1936, the premises were administered by the Maritime Services Board. In 1970 the [[Sydney Cove Redevelopment Authority]] was established to administer and redevelop The Rocks. Nos. 121-125 George Street were to be demolished but after community protest and Green Bans placed on the area many historic buildings were saved. In 1985 the [[Sydney Cove Authority]] was formed, and then in 1999 the [[Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority]] was created to administer and protect the area, signalling a new appreciation of heritage in the area.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
== Description ==
No. 121 George Street is a two-storey commercial property that appears as part of a row of three shops with the same facade design. In fact, No. 121 was built before Nos. 123-125, however the front facade was modified when its neighbours were built so that the property appeared as one. The street facade is designed in the [[Australian residential architectural styles#Victorian Free Classical|Victorian Free Classical]] style that was typically used for commercial properties and whenever a veneer of respectability was sought. The classically inspired stucco detailing was applied to the rendered masonry wall allowing for the flexibility of decorative motifs without slowing the construction of the building.<ref name=nswshr-1588-1588-1>Godden Mackay, 1998: 22</ref>
Style: Victorian Free Classical Style; Storeys: 2; Roof Cladding: Corrugated iron; Floor Frame: Timber/vinyl and carpet finish; Ceilings: Plasterboard/lined with timber boards.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
=== Condition ===
The exterior and interior of the building are in good condition. There is a continuing need for effective roof level maintenance to ensure the building is kept weather tight.<ref name=nswshr-1588-1588-2>Godden Mackay, 1998: 32-33</ref><ref name=nswshr-1588/>
Archaeology Assessment Condition: Partly disturbed. Assessment Basis: Floors level with George Street, terraced up to former level of Nurses Walk. Recent building techniques (Bakehouse Place).<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
=== Modifications and dates ===
*1882{{spaced endash}}Facade modified to match those of 123 & 125, built in 1882.
*1922{{spaced endash}}An additional rear single-storey [[Hipped roof|hipped]] rood structure was constructed as bakery incorporating a bakers oven and baking room.
*{{circa|1977}}{{spaced endash}}The building was extensively renovated. The bakery addition was modified to accommodate a living room and bathroom for residential use. Further modifications have since been made to accommodate use of the building as a cafe and sandwich bar.
*1982{{spaced endash}}The street [[awning]] was reconstructed and the [[parapet]] reinstated.
*1980s{{spaced endash}}The front façade was restored.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
=== Further information ===
Nos. 121–125 George Street are included as a single listing on the (now defunct) [[Register of the National Estate]]<ref>{{cite AHD|2186|Terrace of Three Shops, 121-125 George St, The Rocks, NSW, Australia|date=21 October 1980|accessdate=22 November 2018}}</ref> and the non-statutory [[National Trust of Australia]]{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} register.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
== Heritage listing ==
As at 28 January 2009, No. 121 George Street is a representative example of a commercial building in the Victorian Free Classical style. It was built in 1880 by Thomas Playfair, as one of his investments in The Rocks area and has had a continual commercial use since it was built. The surviving fabric has the ability to yield information on early building techniques as well as the way of life for the inhabitants. The bakery is a rare surviving example of such a facility constructed in 1922, and is a fine example of the tools used for the application of a traditional skill. Although now partly removed, some of the peel brick oven survives including the iron doors, front wall to the oven and the associated tools allowing for interpretation as a traditional oven and bakery. The building is an integral part of the fabric of The Rocks showing the growth of the area and in particular the importance of the harbourside to the commercial precinct of The Rocks<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
Shop and Residence - Bakers Oven was listed on the [[New South Wales State Heritage Register]] on 10 May 2002 having satisfied the following criteria.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
'''The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.'''
No. 121 George Street was built in 1880 as a commercial premise as part of the business precinct lining the harbour-side of The Rocks and is associated with the evolving pattern of urban fabric of the area. - The building is associated with Thomas Playfair, Mayor of Sydney in 1885. The building has had a continuous commercial use since it was built in 1880. The site retains elements of a combined shop/residence, once common throughout both the Rocks area and Sydney.<ref name=nswshr-1588-1588-3>Godden Mackay, 1998: 50</ref><ref name=nswshr-1588/>
'''The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.'''
No. 121 George Street is associated with Thomas Playfair, Mayor of Sydney in 1885. Playfair was a butcher and invested in property in the local area, of which 121 George Street is one such property. The property is also associated with William Davis, an Irish convict who was instrumental in helping the Catholic Church establish itself in Sydney.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
'''The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.'''
The building's facade is a fine example of the Victorian Free Classical style, executed to give a sense of decorum to an otherwise simple commercial and residential structure. The building has streetscape value as one building in a group of three that were designed to appear as one property. The building's scale and alignment to the street are typical of that found along the business precinct of George Street in The Rocks area. The street façade has remained relatively intact since it was constructed in 1882.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
'''The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.'''
The building has had a continuous commercial use since it was built in 1880. It has been used as a hairdresser's, a tobacconist, a bakery and a small shop. Since 1977 it has been a sandwich shop known as The Baker's Oven. The site retains elements of a combined shop/residence, once common throughout both The Rocks and Sydney in general.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
'''The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.'''
The fabric, although modified has the ability to yield information on the configuration of late Victorian commercial/residential buildings and aspects of the way of life of the people who inhabited them. Remnants of the baker's oven survive as an example of a peel brick oven including the associated baker's tool of timber peels and iron fire strokes. The site has the potential to contain subsurface archaeological deposits associated with the European occupation of the area.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
'''The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.'''
The site has the potential to contain subsurface archaeological deposits associated with the early European occupation of the site and the surrounding area. Remnants of the baker's oven survive as an example of a peel brick oven including the associated baker's tool of timber peels and iron fire stokes.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
'''The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.'''
No. 121 George Street is representative of the nineteenth-century urban fabric that is found at The Rocks. It is a representative of a Victorian commercial property built in the Free Classical Style, and has been continuously occupied for commercial and retail purposes since construction in 1880. The building's scale and alignment to the street is typical of that found along the west side of George street and lining the harbourside as part of the business precinct of The Rocks. The building is part of the rich fabric of The Rocks which is highly regarded by residents, Sydney people and visitors and acknowledged by the [[Australian Heritage Commission]] and the National Trust as part of The Rocks Urban Conservation Area. The building at 121 George street is expressive of the close weaving of the social fabric of The Rocks area in the nineteenth century, by demonstrating the close links between the residential and commercial activities of the community.<ref name=nswshr-1588/>
== See also ==
*[[Australian residential architectural styles]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite web|author=Attraction Homepage|date=2007|title=Bakers Oven|url=http://www.therocks.com/sydney-At_a_Glance-A_Z_Business_Listing-Baker_s_Oven_Cafe.htm|access-date=24 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110422112305/http://www.therocks.com/sydney-At_a_Glance-A_Z_Business_Listing-Baker_s_Oven_Cafe.htm|archive-date=22 April 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}
* {{cite book|author=Godden Mackay Heritage Consultants|date=1998|title=Conservation Plan, 121 George Street, The Rocks}}
* {{cite book|author=Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd.|date=2006|title=121 George Street, The Rocks, Conservation Management Plan}}
* {{cite book|author=Maitland, Neil Colin|date=1983|title=George Street, The Rocks: A Streetscape Conservation Study}}
* {{cite book|author=Sydney Cove Redevelopment Authority (SCRA)|author-link=Sydney Cove Redevelopment Authority|date=1978|title=Building Data Sheet, HP/08}}
* {{cite book|author=Sydney Cove Authority (SCA)|author-link=Sydney Cove Authority|date=1998|title=SCA Register 1979-1998|number=B055, AR068}}
=== Attribution ===
{{NSW-SHR-CC|name=Shop and Residence - Bakers Oven|dno=5053204|id=1588|year=2018|accessdate=14 October 2018}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{cite AHD|2186|Terrace of Three Shops, 121-125 George St, The Rocks, NSW, Australia|date=21 October 1980}}
*{{Cite AHD|2182|George Street Business Precinct, George St, The Rocks, NSW, Australia|date=21 October 1980}}
{{The Rocks historical attractions|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:New South Wales State Heritage Register sites located in The Rocks]]
[[Category:Houses in The Rocks, New South Wales]]
[[Category:Terraced houses in Sydney]]
[[Category:Retail buildings in New South Wales]]
[[Category:Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register]]
[[Category:Houses completed in 1880]]
[[Category:1880 establishments in Australia]]
[[Category:New South Wales places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate]]
[[Category:George Street, Sydney]]
[[Category:Victorian architecture in Sydney]]
| 1,262,157,426 |
[{"title": "121 George Street, The Rocks", "data": {"Location": "121 George Street, The Rocks, City of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia", "Coordinates": "33\u00b051\u203236\u2033S 151\u00b012\u203230\u2033E\ufeff / \ufeff33.8600\u00b0S 151.2084\u00b0E", "Built": "1880", "Built for": "Thomas Playfair", "Architectural style(s)": "Victorian Free Classical", "Owner": "Property NSW"}}, {"title": "New South Wales Heritage Register", "data": {"Official name": "Shop and Residence \u2013 Bakers Oven; Baker's Oven \u2013 Shop and residence", "Type": ["State heritage (built)", "Shop"], "Designated": "10 May 2002", "Reference no.": "1588", "Category": "Retail and Wholesale"}}]
| false |
# 1926 Mecklenburg-Schwerin state election
The 1926 Mecklenburg-Schwerin state election was held on 6 June 1926 to elect the 50 members of the Landtag of the Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
## Results
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| -------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ------- | ------ | ----- | --- |
| | Social Democratic Party of Germany | 111,404 | 39.90 | 20 | +5 |
| | German National People's Party | 63,237 | 22.65 | 12 | –7 |
| | German Völkisch Freedom Party | 26,160 | 9.37 | 5 | –8 |
| | German People's Party | 23,430 | 8.39 | 4 | –1 |
| | Communist Party of Germany | 18,463 | 6.61 | 3 | –6 |
| | Reich Party of the German Middle Class | 16,146 | 5.78 | 3 | +2 |
| | German Democratic Party | 8,475 | 3.04 | 2 | 0 |
| | Group for People's Welfare | 7,287 | 2.61 | 1 | New |
| | Nazi Party | 4,607 | 1.65 | 0 | New |
| Total | Total | 279,209 | 100.00 | 50 | –14 |
| | | | | | |
| Valid votes | Valid votes | 279,209 | 99.08 | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | Invalid/blank votes | 2,586 | 0.92 | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 281,795 | 100.00 | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 404,817 | 69.61 | | |
| Source: Elections in the Weimar Republic, Elections in Germany | | | | | |
|
enwiki/67706860
|
enwiki
| 67,706,860 |
1926 Mecklenburg-Schwerin state election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926_Mecklenburg-Schwerin_state_election
|
2022-02-13T18:53:17Z
|
en
|
Q107086951
| 40,525 |
{{Short description|German state election}}
The '''1926 Mecklenburg-Schwerin state election''' was held on 6 June 1926 to elect the 50 members of the Landtag of the [[Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Gonschior|first=Andreas|title=Der Freistaat Mecklenburg-Schwerin Landtagswahl 1926|url=http://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Me-Schwerin/LT5.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 May 2021|website=Wahlen in der Weimarer Republik|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010515091622/http://www.gonschior.de:80/weimar/Me-Schwerin/LT5.html |archive-date=2001-05-15 }}</ref>
== Results ==
{{Election results
|party1=[[Social Democratic Party of Germany]]|votes1=111404|seats1=20|sc1=+5
|party2=[[German National People's Party]]|votes2=63237|seats2=12|sc2=–7
|party3=[[German Völkisch Freedom Party]]|votes3=26160|seats3=5|sc3=–8
|party4=[[German People's Party]]|votes4=23430|seats4=4|sc4=–1
|party5=[[Communist Party of Germany]]|votes5=18463|seats5=3|sc5=–6
|party6=[[Reich Party of the German Middle Class]]|votes6=16146|seats6=3|sc6=+2
|party7=[[German Democratic Party]]|votes7=8475|seats7=2|sc7=0
|party8=Group for People's Welfare|votes8=7287|seats8=1|sc8=New
|party9=[[Nazi Party]]|votes9=4607|seats9=0|sc9=New
|invalid=2586
|total_sc=–14
|electorate=404817
|source=Elections in the Weimar Republic,<ref name=":0" /> Elections in Germany<ref>{{Cite web|last=Schröder|first=Valentin|title=Landtagswahlen Mecklenburg-Schwerin|url=https://www.wahlen-in-deutschland.de/wlMeckSchwerin.htm|url-status=live|access-date=19 May 2021|website=Wahlen in der Deutschland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324060648/http://www.wahlen-in-deutschland.de/wlMeckSchwerin.htm |archive-date=2016-03-24 }}</ref>
}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election}}
[[Category:1926 elections in Germany|Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]
[[Category:Elections in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania]]
{{Germany-election-stub}}
| 1,071,665,020 |
[]
| false |
# 18th Army Corps (Russian Empire)
The 18th Army Corps was an Army corps in the Imperial Russian Army. Its headquarters were located at Saint Petersburg.
## Composition
- 23rd Infantry Division
- 37th Infantry Division
- 50th Infantry Division
## Part of
- 9th Army: 1914–1915
- 11th Army: 1915–1916
- 7th Army: 1916
- 8th Army: 1916–1917
- 9th Army: 1917
## Commanders
- Ivan Makarovich Orbeliani: 1905-1906
- Platon Lechitsky: 1908-1910
- Andrei Zayonchkovski: 1916–1917
- Ivan Erdieli: 1917
|
enwiki/53619555
|
enwiki
| 53,619,555 |
18th Army Corps (Russian Empire)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_Army_Corps_(Russian_Empire)
|
2025-01-23T22:35:12Z
|
en
|
Q4029259
| 48,175 |
{{Unreferenced|date=June 2019|bot=noref (GreenC bot)}}
{{infobox military unit
|unit_name = 18th Army Corps
|country={{flag|Russian Empire|1918}}
|allegiance=[[Imperial Russian Army]]
|battles =
*[[World War I]]
**[[Battle of the Vistula River]]
}}
The '''18th Army Corps''' was an Army corps in the [[Imperial Russian Army]]. Its headquarters were located at [[Saint Petersburg]].
==Composition==
*[[23rd Infantry Division (Russian Empire)|23rd Infantry Division]]
*[[37th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)|37th Infantry Division]]
*[[50th Infantry Division (Russian Empire)|50th Infantry Division]]
==Part of==
*[[9th Army (Russian Empire)|9th Army]]: 1914–1915
*[[11th Army (Russian Empire)|11th Army]]: 1915–1916
*[[7th Army (Russian Empire)|7th Army]]: 1916
*[[8th Army (Russian Empire)|8th Army]]: 1916–1917
*9th Army: 1917
==Commanders==
*[[Ivan Makarovich Orbeliani]]: 1905-1906
*[[Platon Lechitsky]]: 1908-1910
*[[Andrei Zayonchkovski]]: 1916–1917
*Ivan Erdieli: 1917
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Russian Empire Ground Forces}}
[[Category:Corps of the Russian Empire]]
| 1,271,404,757 |
[{"title": "18th Army Corps", "data": {"Country": "Russian Empire", "Allegiance": "Imperial Russian Army", "Engagements": "- World War I - Battle of the Vistula River"}}]
| false |
# 1944 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
The 1944 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship was the high point of the 1944 season in Camogie. The championship was won by Dublin, who defeated Antrim by a 17-point margin in the final. Gate receipts were £211.
## Structure
The altercation with Dublin over the ban on hockey players re-emerged in 1943 and was compounded by another with Cork over male officials and they withdrew from the Camogie Association. In the absence of Cork, Clare defeated Waterford 3–1 to 3–0 in the Munster final to win their first Munster championship. They failed to score against Dublin in the semi-final while a late goal from Bridie O'Neill gave Antrim a semi-final victory over Galway.
## Final
The weekend before the final Dublin travelled to Cork, who had not participated in the championship, and were defeated 3–0 to 1–3. This raised questions about the validity of the championship, as well as Dublin's legality for having played an unaffiliated team. Bishop of Down and Connor, Daniel Mageean threw in the ball between Dublin and Antrim in final.
### Final stages
| Dublin | 8–7 – 0–0 | Clare |
| ------ | --------- | ----- |
| | | |
| Antrim | 3–2 – 2–2 | Galway |
| ------ | --------- | ------ |
| | | |
| Dublin | 5–4 –0–0 | Antrim |
| ------ | -------- | ------ |
| | | |
| Dublin | Antrim |
| Dublin: | | |
| | | |
| GK | 1 | Bríd Kenny (Col San Dominic) |
| FB | 2 | Rose Martin (Austin Stacks) |
| RWB | 3 | Patty Kenny (Col San Dominic) |
| CB | 4 | Rose Fletcher (Scoil Bríghde) |
| LWB | 5 | Sheila McMahon (Austin Stacks) |
| MF | 6 | Carmel Keogh (GSR) |
| MF | 7 | Kathleen Cody (GSR) (2–2) |
| MF | 8 | Kathleen Mills (GSR) |
| RWF | 9 | Īde O'Kiely (UCD) (1–0) |
| CF | 10 | Elizabeth Mulcahy (UCD) (0–2) |
| LWF | 11 | Doreen Rogers (Austin Stacks) (2–0) |
| FF | 12 | Maura Moore (Optimists) |
| Antrim: | | |
| | | |
| GK | 1 | Patsy Smith |
| FB | 2 | Marcella Quinn |
| RWB | 3 | Betty Stafford |
| CB | 4 | Moya Branigan |
| LWB | 5 | Bridie Murray |
| MF | 6 | Marie O'Gorman |
| MF | 7 | Claire McDermott |
| MF | 8 | Winnie Storey |
| RWF | 9 | Bridie O'Neill |
| CF | 10 | Mavis Madden |
| LWF | 11 | Claire Marshall |
| FF | 12 | Sue McKeown |
Match Rules
- 50 minutes
- Replay if scores level
- Maximum of 3 substitutions
|
enwiki/34696000
|
enwiki
| 34,696,000 |
1944 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_All-Ireland_Senior_Camogie_Championship
|
2024-11-23T22:36:07Z
|
en
|
Q4727990
| 87,031 |
{{Short description|Camogie championship}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox GAA championship
|name = All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship 1944
|date =
|num_teams =
|sponsor =
|winners = [[Dublin GAA#Camogie|Dublin]] (7th title)
|captain = [[Doreen Rogers]]
|manager =
|runnersup = [[Antrim GAA#Camogie|Antrim]]
|runnerupcaptain = [[Marcella Quinn]]
|runnerupmanager =
|matches = 2
}}
The 1944 [[All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship]] was the high point of the 1944 season in [[Camogie]]. The championship was won by [[Dublin GAA#Camogie|Dublin]], who defeated [[Antrim GAA#Camogie|Antrim]] by a 17-point margin in the final.<ref>{{cite book | last = Moran | first = Mary | authorlink = Mary Moran (camogie) | title = A Game of Our Own: The History of Camogie | publisher = Cumann Camógaíochta | year = 2011 | location = Dublin, Ireland | pages = 460}} 978-1-908591-00-5</ref><ref>Report of final in ''Irish Press'', 6 November 1944</ref><ref>Report of final in ''Irish Independent'', 6 November 1944</ref><ref>Report of final in ''Irish Times'', 6 November 1944</ref><ref>Report of final in ''Irish Examiner'', 6 November 1944</ref><ref>Report of final in ''Irish News'', 6 November 1944</ref> Gate receipts were £211.
==Structure==
The altercation with Dublin over the ban on hockey players re-emerged in 1943 and was compounded by another with Cork over male officials and they withdrew from the [[Camogie Association]]. In the absence of Cork, Clare defeated Waterford 3–1 to 3–0 in the Munster final to win their first Munster championship. They failed to score against Dublin in the semi-final while a late goal from Bridie O'Neill gave Antrim a semi-final victory over Galway.{{fact|date=November 2024}}
==Final==
The weekend before the final Dublin travelled to Cork, who had not participated in the championship, and were defeated 3–0 to 1–3. This raised questions about the validity of the championship, as well as Dublin's legality for having played an unaffiliated team. Bishop of Down and Connor, [[Daniel Mageean]] threw in the ball between Dublin and Antrim in final.{{fact|date=November 2024}}
===Final stages===
{{footballbox |
date = <br />Semi-Final |
team1 = [[Dublin GAA#Camogie|Dublin]]|
score = 8–7 – 0–0 |
team2 = [[Clare GAA#Camogie|Clare]]|
stadium = [[Inchicore]]}}
----
{{footballbox |
date = <br />Semi-Final |
team1 = [[Antrim GAA#Camogie|Antrim]]|
score = 3–2 – 2–2 |
team2 = [[Galway GAA#Camogie|Galway]]|
stadium =[[Galway Sportsgrounds]] }}
----
{{footballbox |
date = 17 December<br />Final |
team1 = [[Dublin GAA#Camogie|Dublin]]|
score = 5–4 –0–0 |
team2 = [[Antrim GAA#Camogie|Antrim]]|
stadium = [[Corrigan Park]] }}
{| width=92% |
|{{Football kit
|leftarm =FFFFFF
|body = 87CEEB
|rightarm =FFFFFF
|shorts = 87CEEB
| socks = 000000
| title = Dublin
}}
|{{Football kit
|leftarm =FFFFFF
|body = FFD700
|rightarm =FFFFFF
|shorts = FFD700
| socks = 000000
| title = Antrim
}}
|}
{| width="100%"
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align=center
|colspan="4"|'''Dublin:'''
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' || [[Bríd Kenny]] ([[Coláiste San Dominic Camogie Club|Col San Dominic]])
|-
|FB ||'''2''' || [[Rose Martin]] ([[Austin Stacks Camogie Club|Austin Stacks]])
|-
|RWB ||'''3''' || [[Patricia Kenny|Patty Kenny]] ([[Coláiste San Dominic Camogie Club|Col San Dominic]])
|-
|CB ||'''4''' || [[Rose Fletcher]] ([[Scoil Bríde Camogie Club|Scoil Bríghde]])
|-
|LWB ||'''5''' || [[Sheila McMahon]] ([[Austin Stacks Camogie Club|Austin Stacks]])
|-
|MF ||'''6''' || [[Carmel Keogh]] ([[CIE Camogie Club|GSR]])
|-
|MF ||'''7''' || [[Kathleen Cody (camogie)|Kathleen Cody]] ([[CIE Camogie Club|GSR]]) (2–2)
|-
|MF ||'''8''' || [[Kathleen Mills]] ([[CIE Camogie Club|GSR]])
|-
|RWF ||'''9'''|| [[Īde O'Kiely]] ([[UCD GAA#Camogie|UCD]]) (1–0)
|-
|CF ||'''10'''|| [[Elizabeth Mulcahy]] ([[UCD GAA#Camogie|UCD]]) (0–2)
|-
|LWF ||'''11'''|| [[Doreen Rogers]] ([[Austin Stacks Camogie Club|Austin Stacks]]) (2–0)
|-
|FF ||'''12'''|| [[Maura Moore]] ([[Optimists Camogie Club|Optimists]])
|-
|}
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align=center
|colspan="4"|'''Antrim:'''
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
|GK ||'''1''' || Patsy Smith
|-
|FB ||'''2''' || Marcella Quinn
|-
|RWB ||'''3''' || Betty Stafford
|-
|CB ||'''4''' || Moya Branigan
|-
|LWB ||'''5''' || Bridie Murray
|-
|MF ||'''6''' || Marie O'Gorman
|-
|MF ||'''7''' || Claire McDermott
|-
|MF ||'''8''' || Winnie Storey
|-
|RWF ||'''9'''|| Bridie O'Neill
|-
|CF ||'''10'''|| Mavis Madden
|-
|LWF ||'''11'''|| Claire Marshall
|-
|FF ||'''12'''|| Sue McKeown
|-
|}
|}
<div style="font-size: 90%">
; Match Rules
*50 minutes
*Replay if scores level
*Maximum of 3 substitutions
</div>
==See also==
* [[All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship]]
* [[:Category:Camogie players|Wikipedia List of Camogie players]]
* [[National Camogie League]]
* [[Camogie All Stars Awards]]
* [[Ashbourne Cup]]
==References==
{{Clear}}
{{Reflist }}
==External links==
* [http://www.camogie.ie Camogie Association]
* [http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.289122196491.143043.217157391491&type=3 Historical reports of All Ireland finals]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090618114951/http://www.rte.ie/sport/gaa/championship/camogieroh.html All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship: Roll of Honour]
* [http://www.facebook.com/pages/Camogie/217157391491 Camogie on facebook]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719143322/http://www.bc.edu/centers/irish/gaahistory/theme-women.html Camogie on GAA Oral History Project]
{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship]]|before=[[1943 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship]] |after=[[1945 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship]] |years=1932–present}}
{{s-end}}
{{All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship}}
[[Category:1944 in camogie]]
[[Category:All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship seasons|1944]]
| 1,259,200,862 |
[{"title": "All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship 1944", "data": {"Champions": "Dublin (7th title)", "Captain": "Doreen Rogers"}}, {"title": "Runners-up", "data": {"Runners-up": "Antrim", "Captain": "Marcella Quinn"}}, {"title": "Other", "data": {"Matches played": "2"}}]
| false |
# 1022 Olympiada
1022 Olympiada, provisional designation 1924 RT, is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 30 kilometers (19 miles) in diameter. It was discovered at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula on 23 June 1924, by Soviet astronomer Vladimir Albitsky, who named it after his mother, Olimpiada Albitskaya. The X-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 3.83 hours.
## Orbit and classification
Olympiada is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.3–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 8 months (1,716 days; semi-major axis of 2.81 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 21° with respect to the ecliptic.
The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as A910 NA at Heidelberg Observatory in July 1910, or nearly 14 years prior to its official discovery observation at Simeiz.
## Naming
This minor planet was named after Olimpiada Albitskaya, mother of the discoverer Vladimir Albitsky (1891–1952). No accurate naming citation was given for this asteroid in The Names of the Minor Planets. The author of the Dictionary of Minor Planets, Lutz Schmadel, learned about the naming circumstances from Nikolai Chernykh (1931–2004), a prolific long-time astronomer at Nauchnij, Crimea.
## Physical characteristics
In the SMASS classification, Olympiada is an X-type asteroid.
### Rotation period
Several rotational lightcurves of Olympiada have been obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado. Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve from April 2008 gave a rotation period of 3.833 hours with a consolidated brightness variation between 0.27 and 0.66 magnitude (U=3), while the period of his first 1999-observation was later revised from 4.589 to 3.822 hours. For an asteroid of its size, it has a rather fast spin-rate.
This period is also in good agreement with other observations obtained by astronomers at the Belgrade Astronomical Observatory (3.8331 h; Δ0.35 mag) in March 2008, by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory (3.835 h; Δ0.46 mag) in January 2012, and by a group of Italian astronomers (3.834 h; Δ0.66 mag) in March 2017 (U=3/2/3).
### Poles
In 2011, a modeled lightcurve using data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue and other sources gave a concurring sidereal period 3.83359 hours, as well as two poles at (46.0°, 10.0°) and (242.0°, 52.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β) (Q=2+). Brian Warner also determined two spin axes at (40.0°, 18.0°) and (250.0°, 71.0°) using his data set from 2008 (Q=2).
### Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Olympiada measures between 26.39 and 34.30 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.105 and 0.1600.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an untypically high albedo of 0.2069 and a diameter of 26.65 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.2.
|
enwiki/7015485
|
enwiki
| 7,015,485 |
1022 Olympiada
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1022_Olympiada
|
2024-01-14T21:29:01Z
|
en
|
Q11565
| 147,823 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1022 Olympiada
| background = #D6D6D6
| image = 001022-asteroid shape model (1022) Olympiada.png
| image_scale =
| caption = Shape model of ''Olympiada'' from its [[lightcurve]]
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" />
| discoverer = [[Vladimir Albitsky|V. Albitzkij]]
| discovery_site = [[Simeiz Observatory|Simeiz Obs.]]
| discovered = 23 June 1924
| mpc_name = (1022) Olympiada
| alt_names = 1924 RT{{·}}1928 FQ<br />1948 QO{{·}}1957 OC<br />1961 JF{{·}}1962 QK<br />A910 NA
| pronounced =
| named_after = Olimpiada Albitskaya<ref name="springer" /><br />{{small|(discoverer's mother)}}
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|outer]])}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />[[Background asteroid|background]]<ref name="Ferret" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 23 March 2018 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458200.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 106.79 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (39,006 d)
| aphelion = 3.2959 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 2.3144 AU
| semimajor = 2.8051 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1749
| period = 4.70 yr (1,716 d)
| mean_anomaly = 10.487[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2098|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 21.054°
| asc_node = 111.97°
| arg_peri = 124.74°
| mean_diameter = {{val|26.39|2.2|ul=km}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|26.65|u=km}} {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|32.88|0.76|u=km}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|34.30|0.99|u=km}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
| rotation = {{val|3.822|0.006|ul=h}}<ref name="Warner-2008j" /><br />{{val|3.833|0.005|u=h}}<ref name="Warner-2005c" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Warner}}<br />{{val|3.8331|0.0006|u=h}}<ref name="Benishek-2009a" /><br />{{val|3.83359|0.00005|u=h}}<ref name="Hanus-2011" /><br />{{val|3.834|0.001|u=h}}<ref name="Franco-2017d" /><br />{{val|3.835|0.0016|u=h}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><br />{{nowrap|{{val|4.589|0.002|u=h}} {{small|(retracted)}}<ref name="Warner-1999" />}}
| albedo = {{val|0.105|0.005}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.125|0.017}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|0.1600|0.030}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />0.2069 {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| spectral_type = [[SMASS classification|SMASS]] {{=}} [[X-type asteroid|X]]<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />
| abs_magnitude = {{val|10.053|0.001}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><br />10.20<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|10.46|0.26}}<ref name="Veres-2015" /><br />10.50<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" />
}}
'''1022 Olympiada''', provisional designation {{mp|1924 RT}}, is a background [[asteroid]] from the central regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered at the [[Simeiz Observatory]] on the Crimean peninsula on 23 June 1924, by Soviet astronomer [[Vladimir Albitsky]],<ref name="MPC-object" /> who named it after his mother, Olimpiada Albitskaya.<ref name="springer" /> The [[X-type asteroid]] has a short rotation period of 3.83 hours.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Olympiada'' is a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid from the main belt's [[Background asteroid|background population]].<ref name="Ferret" /> It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|central]] asteroid belt at a distance of 2.3–3.3 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 8 months (1,716 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 2.81 AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.17 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 21[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />
The body's [[observation arc]] begins with its first observation as {{mp|A910 NA}} at [[Heidelberg Observatory]] in July 1910, or nearly 14 years prior to its official discovery observation at Simeiz.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Naming ==
This [[minor planet]] was named after Olimpiada Albitskaya, mother of the discoverer [[Vladimir Albitsky]] (1891–1952).<ref name="springer" /> No accurate naming citation was given for this asteroid in ''[[The Names of the Minor Planets]]''. The author of the ''Dictionary of Minor Planets'', [[Lutz Schmadel]], learned about the naming circumstances from [[Nikolai Chernykh]] (1931–2004), a prolific long-time astronomer at Nauchnij, Crimea.<ref name="springer" />
== Physical characteristics ==
In the [[SMASS classification]], ''Olympiada'' is an [[X-type asteroid]].<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />
=== Rotation period ===
Several rotational [[lightcurve]]s of ''Olympiada'' have been obtained from [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observations by American astronomer [[Brian D. Warner|Brian Warner]] at his [[Palmer Divide Observatory]] in Colorado. Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve from April 2008 gave a [[rotation period]] of 3.833 hours with a consolidated brightness variation between 0.27 and 0.66 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3]]}}),<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Warner-2005c" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Warner}} while the period of his first 1999-observation was later revised from 4.589 to 3.822 hours.<ref name="Warner-2008j" /><ref name="Warner-1999" /> For an asteroid of its size, it has a rather [[List of fast rotators (minor planets)|fast spin-rate]].
This period is also in good agreement with other observations obtained by astronomers at the [[Belgrade Astronomical Observatory]] (3.8331 h; Δ0.35 mag) in March 2008, by astronomers at the [[Palomar Transient Factory]] (3.835 h; Δ0.46 mag) in January 2012, and by a group of Italian astronomers (3.834 h; Δ0.66 mag) in March 2017 ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3/2/3]]}}).<ref name="Benishek-2009a" /><ref name="Franco-2017d" /><ref name="Waszczak-2015" />
=== Poles ===
In 2011, a modeled lightcurve using data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue and other sources gave a concurring sidereal period 3.83359 hours, as well as two [[Poles of astronomical bodies|poles]] at (46.0°, 10.0°) and (242.0°, 52.0°) in [[Ecliptic coordinate system|ecliptic coordinates]] (λ, β) ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|Q=2+]]}}).<ref name="Hanus-2011" /> Brian Warner also determined two spin axes at (40.0°, 18.0°) and (250.0°, 71.0°) using his data set from 2008 ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|Q=2]]}}).<ref name="Warner-2008j" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari satellite]] and the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Olympiada'' measures between 26.39 and 34.30 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.105 and 0.1600.<ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' derives an untypically high albedo of 0.2069 and a diameter of 26.65 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 10.2.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Notes ==
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Warner|1=[http://www.minorplanetobserver.com/pdolc/A1022_2008.HTM Lightcurve plot of (1022) Olympiada], Palmer Divide Observatory, ''[[Brian D. Warner|B. D. Warner]]'' (2008). Rotation period {{val|3.833|0.006}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val|0.34|0.02}} mag. Quality code of 3. Summary figures at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1022%7COlympiada LCDB]}}
}} <!-- end of notelist -->
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2017-04-30 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1022 Olympiada (1924 RT)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001022
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 15 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|chapter = (1022) Olympiada
|page = 88
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1023}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 1022 Olympiada (1924 RT)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1022
|accessdate = 15 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid 1022 Olympiada – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0
|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1022+Olympiada
|accessdate = 24 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (1022) Olympiada
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1022%7COlympiada
|accessdate = 15 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|doi-access=
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1022 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent
|first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera
|date = November 2012
|title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
|volume = 759
|issue = 1
|page = 5
|bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M
|doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8
|arxiv = 1209.5794
|access-date= 15 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal
|first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco
|first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah
|first3 = M. |last3 = Noah
|first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price
|date = October 2004
|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0
|url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System
|volume = 12
|pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0
|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T
|accessdate = 22 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak
|first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang
|first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek
|first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher
|first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci
|first6 = David |last6 = Levitan
|first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace
|first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng
|first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip
|first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita
|first11 = George |last11 = Helou
|first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince
|first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni
|date = September 2015
|title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 150
|issue = 3
|page = 35
|bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W
|doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75
|arxiv = 1504.04041
|access-date= 15 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Hanus-2011">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|author = Hanus, J.
|author2 = Durech, J.
|author3 = Broz, M.
|author4 = Warner, B. D.
|author5 = Pilcher, F.
|author6 = Stephens, R.
|author7 = Oey, J.
|author8 = Bernasconi, L.
|author9 = Casulli, S.
|author10 = Behrend, R.
|author11 = Polishook, D.
|author12 = Henych, T.
|author13 = Lehký, M.
|author14 = Yoshida, F.
|author15 = Ito, T.
|date = June 2011
|title = A study of asteroid pole-latitude distribution based on an extended set of shape models derived by the lightcurve inversion method
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011A&A...530A.134H
|journal = Astronomy & Astrophysics
|volume = 530
|page = 16
|bibcode = 2011A&A...530A.134H
|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201116738
|arxiv = 1104.4114
|access-date= 15 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Warner-1999">{{Cite journal
|author = Warner, B. D.
|date = December 1999
|title = Asteroid Photometry at the Palmer Divide Observatory
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1999MPBu...26...31W
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 26.
|page = 31
|bibcode = 1999MPBu...26...31W
|access-date= 15 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Warner-2005c">{{Cite journal
|author = Warner, Brian D.
|date = June 2005
|title = Revised lightcurve analysis for 1022 Olympiada and 3285 Ruth Wolfe
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2005MPBu...32...26W
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 32
|issue = 2
|page = 26
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2005MPBu...32...26W
|access-date= 15 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Warner-2008j">{{Cite journal
|first1 = Brian D. |last1 = Warner
|first2 = Josef |last2 = Durech
|first3 = Michael |last3 = Fauerbach
|first4 = Scott |last4 = Marks
|date = October 2008
|title = Shape and Spin Models for Four Asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2008MPBu...35..167W
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 35
|issue = 4
|pages = 167–171
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2008MPBu...35..167W
|access-date= 15 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Franco-2017d">{{Cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Lorenzo |last1 = Franco
|first2 = Giorgio |last2 = Baj
|first3 = Vito |last3 = Tinella
|first4 = Mauro |last4 = Bachini
|first5 = Giacomo |last5 = Succi
|first6 = Giovanni Battista |last6 = Casalnuovo
|first7 = Paolo |last7 = Bacci
|date = October 2017
|title = Rotation Periods for Three Main-belt Asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2017MPBu...44..311F
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 44
|issue = 4
|pages = 311–312
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2017MPBu...44..311F
|access-date= 15 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Benishek-2009a">{{Cite journal
|first1 = Vladimir |last1 = Benishek
|first2 = Vojislava |last2 = Protitch-Benishek
|date = April 2009
|title = CCD Photometry of Asteroids at the Belgrade Astronomical Observatory: 2008 January-September
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2009MPBu...36...35B
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 36
|issue = 2
|pages = 35–37
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2009MPBu...36...35B
|access-date= 15 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|access-date= 15 March 2018}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – ''Geneva Observatory'', [[Raoul Behrend]]
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|1022}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1021 Flammario |number=1022 |1023 Thomana}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Olympiada}}
[[Category:Background asteroids|001022]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Vladimir Albitsky]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:X-type asteroids (SMASS)|001022]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1924|19240623]]
| 1,195,679,841 |
[{"title": "Discovery", "data": {"Discovered by": "V. Albitzkij", "Discovery site": "Simeiz Obs.", "Discovery date": "23 June 1924"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"MPC designation": "(1022) Olympiada", "Named after": "Olimpiada Albitskaya \u00b7 (discoverer's mother)", "Alternative designations": "1924 RT \u00b7 1928 FQ \u00b7 1948 QO \u00b7 1957 OC \u00b7 1961 JF \u00b7 1962 QK \u00b7 A910 NA", "Minor planet category": "main-belt \u00b7 (outer) \u00b7 background"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Orbital characteristics": ["Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)", "Uncertainty parameter 0"], "Observation arc": "106.79 yr (39,006 d)", "Aphelion": "3.2959 AU", "Perihelion": "2.3144 AU", "Semi-major axis": "2.8051 AU", "Eccentricity": "0.1749", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "4.70 yr (1,716 d)", "Mean anomaly": "10.487\u00b0", "Mean motion": "0\u00b0 12m 35.28s / day", "Inclination": "21.054\u00b0", "Longitude of ascending node": "111.97\u00b0", "Argument of perihelion": "124.74\u00b0"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Mean diameter": "26.39\u00b12.2 km \u00b7 26.65 km (derived) \u00b7 32.88\u00b10.76 km \u00b7 34.30\u00b10.99 km", "Synodic rotation period": "3.822\u00b10.006 h \u00b7 3.833\u00b10.005 h \u00b7 3.8331\u00b10.0006 h \u00b7 3.83359\u00b10.00005 h \u00b7 3.834\u00b10.001 h \u00b7 3.835\u00b10.0016 h \u00b7 4.589\u00b10.002 h (retracted)", "Geometric albedo": "0.105\u00b10.005 \u00b7 0.125\u00b10.017 \u00b7 0.1600\u00b10.030 \u00b7 0.2069 (derived)", "Spectral type": "SMASS = X", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "10.053\u00b10.001 (R) \u00b7 10.20 \u00b7 10.46\u00b10.26 \u00b7 10.50"}}]
| false |
# 18th Army (Wehrmacht)
The 18th Army (German: 18. Armee) was a World War II field army in the German Wehrmacht.
Formed in November 1939 in Military Region (Wehrkreis) VI, the 18th Army was part of the offensive into the Netherlands (Battle of the Netherlands) and Belgium (Battle of Belgium) during Fall Gelb and later moved into France in 1940. The 18th Army was then moved East and participated in Operation Barbarossa in 1941.
The Army was a part of the Army Group North until early 1945, when it was subordinated to Army Group Kurland. In October 1944, the army was encircled by the Red Army offensives and spent the remainder of the war in the Courland Pocket.
## History
On 22 July 1940, the 18th Army consisted of XXVI Corps (161st and 271st Infantry Divisions), XXX Corps (76th and 258th Infantry Divisions), Higher Command XXXV (162nd and 292nd Infantry Divisions), III Corps (62nd and 75th Infantry Divisions), XVII Corps (297th and 298th Infantry Divisions) and Higher Command XXXIV (68th and 257th Infantry Divisions), as well as XXXXIV Corps and 291st Infantry Division as reserves and limited authority extended to Panzer Group Guderian with XXXX Corps and XVI Corps.: 208
## Commanders
| No. | Portrait | Commander | Took office | Left office | Time in office |
| --- | ---------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- |
| 1 | Georg von Küchler | Generalfeldmarschall Georg von Küchler (1881–1968) | 5 November 1939 | 16 January 1942 | 2 years, 72 days |
| 2 | Georg Lindemann | Generaloberst Georg Lindemann (1884–1963) | 16 January 1942 | 29 March 1944 | 2 years, 73 days |
| 3 | Herbert Loch | General der Artillerie Herbert Loch (1886–1976) | 29 March 1944 | 2 September 1944 | 157 days |
| 4 | Ehrenfried-Oskar Boege | General der Infanterie Ehrenfried-Oskar Boege (1889–1965) | 5 September 1944 | 8 May 1945 | 245 days |
Chiefs of the Generalstab
- 5 November 1939 – 10 December 1940 Generalmajor Erich Marcks
- 10 December 1940 – 19 January 1941 Generalmajor Wilhelm Hasse
- 19 January 1941 – 17 November 1942 Generalmajor Dr. Ing. h.c. Kurt Waeger
- 24 November 1942 – 1 December 1943 Generalmajor Hans Speth
- 1 December 1943 – 25 January 1945 Generalmajor Friedrich Foertsch
- 25 January 1945 – 5 March 1945 Oberst i.G. Wilhelm Hetzel
- 5 March 1945 – 10(!) May 1945 Generalmajor Ernst Merk
## Orders of Battle
### 10 May 1940
- XXVI Army Corps
- 256th Infantry Division
- 254th Infantry Division
- SS "Der Führer" Regiment
- X Army Corps
- SS "Adolf Hitler" Regiment
- 227th Infantry Division
- 207th Infantry Division
- 1st Cavalry Division
- Direct control of Army Headquarters
- SS "Verfügungstruppe" Division
- 9th Panzer Division
- 208th Infantry Division
- 225th Infantry Division
### 1 July 1941
- XXXVIII Army Corps
- 58th Infantry Division
- 291st Infantry Division
- XXVI Army Corps
- 1st Infantry Division
- 61st Infantry Division
- 217th Infantry Division
- I Army Corps
- 11th Infantry Division
- 21st Infantry Division
### September 1941
- L Army Corps
- LIV Army Corps
- XXVI Army Corps
- XXVIII Army Corps
- I Army Corps
### 15 July 1944
- XVIII Army Corps
- 12th Luftwaffe Division
- Kampfgruppe Hoefer
- 21st Infantry Division
- 30th Infantry Division
- XXXVIII Army Corps
- 121st Infantry Division
- 32nd Infantry Division
- 21st Luftwaffe Division
- 83rd Infantry Division
- L Army Corps
- 218th Infantry Division
- 19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Latvian)
- 126th Infantry Division
- 93rd Infantry Division
- 15th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian)
- Kampfgruppe Streckenbach
- Direct control of Army Headquarters
- Headquarters VI SS Corps
- 207th Security Division
- 300th Division zbV (Estonian border guard units)
### 12 April 1945
- L Army Corps
- 11th Infantry Division
- 290th Infantry Division
- II Army Corps
- 563rd Volksgrenadier Division
- 126th Infantry Division
- 263rd Infantry Division
- 87th Infantry Division
- I Army Corps
- 225th Infantry Division
- 132nd Infantry Division
- X Army Corps
- 30th Infantry Division
- 121st Infantry Division
- Kampfgruppe (Ernst) Gise
- Direct control of Army Headquarters
- 52nd Security Division
- 14th Panzer Division
## Literature
- Tessin, Georg (1970). "Die Landstreitkräfte 15—30". Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939—1945 (in German). Vol. 4. Frankfurt/Main: E.S. Mittler. pp. 80–85.
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enwiki
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18th Army (Wehrmacht)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_Army_(Wehrmacht)
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2024-10-24T04:43:14Z
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en
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Q200121
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{{Distinguish|18th Army (German Empire)}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 18th Army
| native_name = {{langx|de|18. Armee}}
| image = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B20689, vor Leningrad, General Lindemann in den vordersten Linien.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption = Georg Lindemann visiting the trenches at Leningrad
| dates = 4 November 1939 – 8 May 1945
| country = {{flag|Nazi Germany}}
| branch = [[File:Heer - decal for helmet 1942.svg|16px]] [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German army]] ([[File:Balkenkreuz.svg|16px]] [[Wehrmacht]])
| type = [[Field Army]]
| size = [[Field army]]
| battles = World War II
| notable_commanders =
}}
The '''18th Army''' (German: ''18. Armee'') was a [[World War II]] [[field army]] in the German ''Wehrmacht''.
Formed in November 1939 in Military Region (''Wehrkreis'') VI, the 18th Army was part of the offensive into the [[Netherlands]] ([[Battle of the Netherlands]]) and [[Belgium]] ([[Battle of Belgium]]) during [[Fall Gelb]] and later moved into [[France]] in 1940. The 18th Army was then moved East and participated in [[Operation Barbarossa]] in 1941.
The Army was a part of the [[Army Group North]] until early 1945, when it was subordinated to [[Army Group Kurland]]. In October 1944, the army was encircled by the [[Red Army]] offensives and spent the remainder of the war in the [[Courland Pocket]].
== History ==
On 22 July 1940, the 18th Army consisted of [[XXVI Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XXVI Corps]] ([[161st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|161st]] and [[271st Infantry Division|271st]] Infantry Divisions), [[XXX Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XXX Corps]] ([[76th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|76th]] and [[258th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|258th]] Infantry Divisions), [[XXXV Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|Higher Command XXXV]] ([[162nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|162nd]] and [[292nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|292nd]] Infantry Divisions), [[III Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|III Corps]] ([[62nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|62nd]] and [[75th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|75th]] Infantry Divisions), [[XVII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XVII Corps]] ([[297th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|297th]] and [[298th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|298th]] Infantry Divisions) and [[XXXIV Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|Higher Command XXXIV]] ([[68th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|68th]] and [[257th Infantry Division|257th]] Infantry Divisions), as well as [[XXXXIV Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XXXXIV Corps]] and [[291st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|291st Infantry Division]] as reserves and limited authority extended to [[Panzer Group Guderian]] with [[XXXX Army Corps (Germany)|XXXX Corps]] and [[XVI Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XVI Corps]].<ref name="Klink 1983 Landkriegführung">{{Cite book |last=Boog, Horst |title=Der Angriff auf die Sowjetunion |publisher=Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt |year=1983 |isbn=3421060983 |editor-last=Boog, Horst |series=Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg |volume=4 |location=Stuttgart |pages=190–277 |language=de |chapter=Die Landkriegführung |display-editors=et al.}}</ref>{{Rp|page=208}}
==Commanders==
{{Officeholder table start
| showorder = y
| showimage = y
| officeholder_title = Commander
| showtermlenght = y
| showparty = n
| showdefencebranch = n
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 1
| image = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R63872, Georg von Küchler.jpg
| military_rank = ''Generalfeldmarschall''
| officeholder = [[Georg von Küchler]]
| officeholder_sort = Küchler, Georg
| born_year = 1881
| died_year = 1968
| term_start = 5 November 1939
| term_end = 16 January 1942
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1939|11|05|1942|01|16}}
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 2
| image = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-L08017, Georg Lindemann.jpg
| military_rank = ''Generaloberst''
| officeholder = [[Georg Lindemann]]
| officeholder_sort = Lindemann, Georg
| born_year = 1884
| died_year = 1963
| term_start = 16 January 1942
| term_end = 29 March 1944
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1942|01|16|1944|03|29}}
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 3
| image = blank.png
| military_rank = ''General der Artillerie''
| officeholder = [[Herbert Loch]]
| officeholder_sort = Loch, Herbert
| born_year = 1886
| died_year = 1976
| term_start = 29 March 1944
| term_end = 2 September 1944
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1944|03|29|1944|09|02}}
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 4
| image = Ehrenfried Oskar Boege.jpg
| military_rank = ''General der Infanterie''
| officeholder = [[Ehrenfried-Oskar Boege]]
| officeholder_sort = Boege, Ehrenfried
| born_year = 1889
| died_year = 1965
| term_start = 5 September 1944
| term_end = 8 May 1945
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1944|09|05|1945|05|08}}
}}
{{Officeholder table end}}
'''Chiefs of the Generalstab'''
* 5 November 1939 – 10 December 1940 Generalmajor [[Erich Marcks]]
* 10 December 1940 – 19 January 1941 Generalmajor [[Wilhelm Hasse (general)|Wilhelm Hasse]]
* 19 January 1941 – 17 November 1942 Generalmajor Dr. Ing. h.c. Kurt Waeger
* 24 November 1942 – 1 December 1943 Generalmajor [[Hans Speth]]
* 1 December 1943 – 25 January 1945 Generalmajor [[Friedrich Foertsch]]
* 25 January 1945 – 5 March 1945 Oberst i.G. Wilhelm Hetzel
* 5 March 1945 – 10(!) May 1945 Generalmajor [[Ernst Merk]]
==Orders of Battle==
===10 May 1940===
* XXVI Army Corps
** [[256th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|256th Infantry Division]]
** [[254th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|254th Infantry Division]]
** [[2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich|SS "Der Führer" Regiment]]
* X Army Corps
** [[LSSAH|SS "Adolf Hitler" Regiment]]
** [[227th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|227th Infantry Division]]
** [[207th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|207th Infantry Division]]
** [[1st Cavalry Division (Wehrmacht)|1st Cavalry Division]]
* Direct control of Army Headquarters
** [[SS-VT|SS "Verfügungstruppe" Division]]
** [[9th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)|9th Panzer Division]]
** [[208th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|208th Infantry Division]]
** [[225th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|225th Infantry Division]]
===1 July 1941===
* XXXVIII Army Corps
** [[58th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|58th Infantry Division]]
** [[291st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|291st Infantry Division]]
* XXVI Army Corps
** [[1st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|1st Infantry Division]]
** [[61st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|61st Infantry Division]]
** 217th Infantry Division
* [[I Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|I Army Corps]]
** [[11th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|11th Infantry Division]]
** [[21st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|21st Infantry Division]]
===September 1941===
* L Army Corps
* LIV Army Corps
* XXVI Army Corps
* XXVIII Army Corps
* I Army Corps
===15 July 1944===
* [[XVIII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XVIII Army Corps]]
** [[12th Luftwaffe Field Division (Germany)|12th Luftwaffe Division]]
** Kampfgruppe Hoefer
** [[21st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|21st Infantry Division]]
** [[30th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|30th Infantry Division]]
* [[XXXVIII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XXXVIII Army Corps]]
** [[121st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|121st Infantry Division]]
** [[32nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|32nd Infantry Division]]
** [[21st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|21st Luftwaffe Division]]
** [[83rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|83rd Infantry Division]]
* [[L Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|L Army Corps]]
** [[218th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|218th Infantry Division]]
** [[19th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (2nd Latvian)]]
** [[126th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|126th Infantry Division]]
** [[93rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|93rd Infantry Division]]
** [[15th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Latvian)]]
** Kampfgruppe [[Bruno Streckenbach|Streckenbach]]
* Direct control of Army Headquarters
** Headquarters [[VI SS Corps]]
** [[207th Security Division (Wehrmacht)|207th Security Division]]
** 300th Division zbV (Estonian border guard units)
===12 April 1945===
* [[L Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|L Army Corps]]
** [[11th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|11th Infantry Division]]
** [[290th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|290th Infantry Division]]
* [[II Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|II Army Corps]]
** [[563rd Volksgrenadier Division (Wehrmacht)|563rd Volksgrenadier Division]]
** [[126th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|126th Infantry Division]]
** [[263rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|263rd Infantry Division]]
** [[87th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|87th Infantry Division]]
* [[I Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|I Army Corps]]
** [[225th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|225th Infantry Division]]
** [[132nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|132nd Infantry Division]]
* [[X Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|X Army Corps]]
** [[30th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|30th Infantry Division]]
** [[121st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|121st Infantry Division]]
** Kampfgruppe (Ernst) Gise
* Direct control of Army Headquarters
** [[52nd Security Division]]
** [[14th Panzer Division]]
== References ==
<references />
==Literature==
*{{cite book|last=Tessin|first=Georg|chapter=Die Landstreitkräfte 15—30|title=Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939—1945|volume=4|location=Frankfurt/Main|publisher=E.S. Mittler|year=1970|pages=80–85|lang=de}}
{{Armies of the German Army}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
[[Category:Field armies of Germany in World War II|18]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1939]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1945]]
[[Category:1939 establishments in Germany]]
| 1,253,060,048 |
[{"title": "18th Army", "data": {"Active": "4 November 1939 \u2013 8 May 1945", "Country": "Nazi Germany", "Branch": "German army ( Wehrmacht)", "Type": "Field Army", "Size": "Field army", "Engagements": "World War II"}}]
| false |
# 1945 Cleveland mayoral election
The Cleveland mayoral election of 1945 saw the election of Thomas A. Burke.
## General election
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ------- | ---------- | --------------- | ------- | ------ |
| | Democratic | Thomas A. Burke | 125,596 | 67.78% |
| | Republican | Ray C. Miller | 59,707 | 32.22% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 185,303 | |
|
enwiki/60782783
|
enwiki
| 60,782,783 |
1945 Cleveland mayoral election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945_Cleveland_mayoral_election
|
2025-01-31T03:39:55Z
|
en
|
Q65070783
| 145,813 |
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = Cleveland mayoral election, 1945
| country = Cleveland
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_year = [[1943 Cleveland mayoral election|1943]]
| next_year = [[1947 Cleveland mayoral election|1947]]
| election_date = November 6, 1945
| turnout =
| image1 = [[File:ThomasBurke (1).jpg|200x200px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[Thomas A. Burke]]'''
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''125,596'''
| percentage1 = '''67.78%'''
| image2 = [[File:3x4.svg|200x200px]]
| nominee2 = Ray C. Miller
| party2 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 59,707
| percentage2 = 32.22%
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = Mayor
| before_election =
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Thomas A. Burke]]
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsOH}}
The '''Cleveland mayoral election of 1945''' saw the election of [[Thomas A. Burke]].
==General election==
{{Election box begin no change| title= 1945 Cleveland mayoral election (general election)<ref name=gen>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=749226|title=RaceID=749226|publisher=Our Campaigns|access-date=May 16, 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Thomas A. Burke]]
|votes = 125,596
|percentage = 67.78%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = Ray C. Miller
|votes = 59,707
|percentage = 32.22%
}}
{{Election box turnout no change
|votes = 185,303
|percentage =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist|2}}{{1945 United States elections|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Mayoral elections in Cleveland]]
[[Category:1945 Ohio elections|Cleveland mayoral]]
[[Category:1945 United States mayoral elections|Cleveland]]
[[Category:November 1945 in the United States]]
[[Category:1940s in Cleveland]]
| 1,272,979,054 |
[{"title": "Cleveland mayoral election, 1945", "data": {"\u2190 1943": "November 6, 1945 \u00b7 1947 \u2192", "Nominee": "Thomas A. Burke \u00b7 Ray C. Miller", "Party": "Democratic \u00b7 Republican", "Popular vote": "125,596 \u00b7 59,707", "Percentage": "67.78% \u00b7 32.22%", "Mayor before election \u00b7 Democratic": "Elected mayor \u00b7 Thomas A. Burke \u00b7 Democratic"}}]
| false |
# 1924–25 Southern Branch Grizzlies men's basketball team
The 1924–25 Southern Branch Grizzlies men's basketball team represented the Southern Branch of the University of California during the 1924–25 NCAA men's basketball season and were members of the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. The Grizzlies were led by fourth year head coach Pierce "Caddy" Works and finished the regular season with a record of 11–6 and were champions of their conference with a record of 9–0.
## Previous season
The 1923–24 Southern Branch Grizzlies finished with a conference record of 8–2 and finished second in their conference under third year coach Caddy Works. To signify the growth of the university, the southern branch adopted the 'Grizzlies' mascot.
## Schedule
| December 20, 1924* | | La Verne | W 54–11 | 1–0 | Manual Arts High School Gym Los Angeles, CA |
| December 27, 1924* | | San Diego State | W 53–33 | 2–0 | Manual Arts High School Los Angeles, CA |
| December 30, 1924* | | Oregon Agricultural College | L 15–20 | 2–1 | Manual Arts High School Gym Los Angeles, CA |
| January 3, 1925 | | at Caltech | W 29–19 | 3–1 (1–0) | Pasadena, CA |
| January 10, 1925 | | Redlands | W 48–5 | 4–1 (2–0) | Manual Arts High School Gym Los Angeles, CA |
| January 17, 1925* | | Stanford | L 17–23 | 4–2 | Manual Arts High School Gym Los Angeles, CA |
| January 24, 1925 | | Whittier | W 32–11 | 5–2 (3–0) | Manual Arts High School Gym Los Angeles, CA |
| January 30, 1925 | | at Pomona | W 31–18 | 6–2 (4–0) | Claremont, CA |
| January 31, 1925 | | Pomona | W 29–14 | 7–2 (5–0) | Manual Arts High School Gym Los Angeles, CA |
| February 2, 1925* | | at Stanford | L 10–23 | 7–3 | Stanford, CA |
| February 4, 1925* | | at California | L 24–33 | 7–4 | Harmon Gym Berkeley, CA |
| February 6, 1925* | | vs. San Francisco Olympic Club | L 21–25 | 7–5 | Harmon Gym Berkeley, CA |
| February 7, 1925 | | Caltech | W 30–20 | 8–5 (6–0) | Manual Arts High School Los Angeles, CA |
| February 13, 1925 | | at Redlands | W 31–16 | 9–5 (7–0) | Redlands, CA |
| February 20, 1925 | | Occidental | W 36–20 | 10–5 (8–0) | Manual Arts High School Gym Los Angeles, CA |
| February 21, 1925 | | at Occidental | L 23–24 | 10–6 (8–1) | Franklin High School Los Angeles, CA |
| February 28, 1925 | | at Whittier | W 22–15 | 11–6 (9–1) | Whittier, CA |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. All times are in Pacific Time. | | | | | |
Source
|
enwiki/56563100
|
enwiki
| 56,563,100 |
1924–25 Southern Branch Grizzlies men's basketball team
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924%E2%80%9325_Southern_Branch_Grizzlies_men%27s_basketball_team
|
2023-08-16T05:38:13Z
|
en
|
Q48700180
| 103,012 |
{{short description|American college basketball season}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox NCAA team season
|mode=Basketball
|year=1924–25
|team=Southern Branch Grizzlies
|image =
|image_size =
|conference= Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
|conference_link =
|short_conf=SCIAC
|CoachRank=
|APRank=
|record=11–6
|conf_record=9–1
|head_coach=[[Caddy Works]]
|hc_year=4th
|asst_coach1=Silas Gibbs
|asst_coach2=
|asst_coach3=
|stadium=
|champion= SCIAC champion
|bowl=
|bowl_result=
}}
The '''1924–25 Southern Branch Grizzlies men's basketball team''' represented the [[University of California, Los Angeles|Southern Branch of the University of California]] during the [[1924–25 NCAA men's basketball season]] and were members of the [[Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference]]. The Grizzlies were led by fourth year head coach [[Caddy Works|Pierce "Caddy" Works]] and finished the regular season with a record of 11–6 and were champions of their conference with a record of 9–0.
==Previous season==
{{main|1923–24 Southern Branch Grizzlies men's basketball team}}
The 1923–24 Southern Branch Grizzlies finished with a conference record of 8–2 and finished second in their conference under third year coach [[Caddy Works]]. To signify the growth of the university, the southern branch adopted the 'Grizzlies' mascot.<ref>{{cite book|title=The California Grizzly|publisher=University of California, Southern Branch.|location=Los Angeles|page=72|edition=1924|url=https://archive.org/stream/southerncampus1924univ#page/70/mode/2up/search/cub}}</ref>
==Roster==
{{CBB roster/Header|year=1924|team=UCLA Bruins|sex=men's|teamcolors=y}}
{{CBB roster/Player|first=James|last=Armstrong|dab=|link=|num=|pos=G|ft=5|in=11|lbs=165|class=So|rs=|home=}}
{{CBB roster/Player|first=David|last=Brees|dab=|link=|num=|pos=F|ft=5|in=9|lbs=158|class=|rs=|home=}}
{{CBB roster/Player|first=Horace|last=Bresee|dab=|link=|num=|pos=G|ft=5|in=11|lbs=165|class=Jr|rs=|home=}}
{{CBB roster/Player|first=Ralph|last=Bunche|dab=|link=y|num=|pos=G|ft=5|in=9|lbs=153|class=So|rs=|home=}}
{{CBB roster/Player|first=Willard|last=Goertz|dab=|link=|num=|pos=C|ft=6|in=1|lbs=170|class=Jr|rs=|home=}}
{{CBB roster/Player|first=Wilbur|last=Johns|dab=|link=y|num=|pos=F|ft=5|in=8|lbs=130|class=|rs=|home=}}
{{CBB roster/Player|first=Franklyn|last=Pierce|dab=|link=|num=|pos=F|ft=5|in=11|lbs=158|class=Jr|rs=|home=}}
{{CBB roster/Player|first=Edward|last=Prigge|dab=|link=|num=|pos=C|ft=6|in=3|lbs=172|class=So|rs=|home=}}
{{CBB roster/Player|first=Norris|last=Woodward|dab=|link=|num=|pos=F|ft=5|in=10|lbs=132|class=|rs=|home=}}
{{CBB roster/Footer|roster_url=https://archive.org/stream/southerncampus1925univ#page/258/mode/2up|accessdate=30 January 2018|head_coach= [[Caddy Works]] |asst_coach=*Silas Gibbs ([[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]])}}
==Schedule==
{{CBB schedule start|time=|rank=yes|ranklink=[[1924–25 NCAA Division I men's basketball rankings]]|rankyear=1924|tv=|record=yes|attend=}}
|-
!colspan=9 style={{CollegePrimaryStyle|UCLA Bruins}}|<span style={{CollegePrimaryStyle|UCLA Bruins}}>Regular Season</span>
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = December 20, 1924
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|year=1924|sex=men|team=La Verne Leopards|title=La Verne}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Manual Arts High School|Manual Arts High School Gym]]
| site_cityst = [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, CA]]
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 54–11
| overtime =
| record = 1–0
| conference =
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = December 27, 1924
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|year=1924|sex=men|team=San Diego State Aztecs|title=San Diego State}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Manual Arts High School<ref>{{cite news |title=Branch Quintet to Play Teacher Five |work=Los Angeles Times |date=24 December 1924|id={{ProQuest|161605957}} }}</ref>
| site_cityst = Los Angeles, CA
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 53–33
| overtime =
| record = 2–0
| conference =
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = December 30, 1924
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|year=1924|sex=men|team=Oregon State Beavers|title=Oregon Agricultural College}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Manual Arts High School Gym
| site_cityst = Los Angeles, CA
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 15–20
| overtime =
| record = 2–1
| conference =
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = January 3, 1925
| time =
| nonconf =
| homecoming =
| away = yes
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|year=1924|sex=men|team=Caltech Beavers|title=Caltech}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena, CA]]
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 29–19
| overtime =
| record = 3–1
| conference = 1–0
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = January 10, 1925
| time =
| nonconf =
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|year=1924|sex=men|team=Redlands Bulldogs|title=Redlands}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Manual Arts High School Gym
| site_cityst = Los Angeles, CA
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 48–5
| overtime =
| record = 4–1
| conference = 2–0
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = January 17, 1925
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|year=1924|sex=men|team=Stanford Indians|title=Stanford}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Manual Arts High School Gym
| site_cityst = Los Angeles, CA
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 17–23
| overtime =
| record = 4–2
| conference =
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = January 24, 1925
| time =
| nonconf =
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|year=1924|sex=men|team=Whittier Poets|title=Whittier}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Manual Arts High School Gym
| site_cityst = Los Angeles, CA
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 32–11
| overtime =
| record = 5–2
| conference = 3–0
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = January 30, 1925
| time =
| nonconf =
| homecoming =
| away = yes
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|year=1924|sex=men|team=Pomona Sagehens|title=Pomona}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Claremont, California|Claremont, CA]]
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 31–18
| overtime =
| record = 6–2
| conference = 4–0
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = January 31, 1925
| time =
| nonconf =
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = Pomona
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Manual Arts High School Gym
| site_cityst = Los Angeles, CA
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 29–14
| overtime =
| record = 7–2
| conference = 5–0
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 2, 1925
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away = yes
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = Stanford
| opprank =
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Stanford, California|Stanford, CA]]
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 10–23
| overtime =
| record = 7–3
| conference =
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 4, 1925
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away = yes
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|year=1924|sex=men|team=California Golden Bears|title=California}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Harmon Gym (1879)|Harmon Gym]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Grizzlies and Bears to Tangle|work=Los Angeles Times|date=4 February 1925|id={{ProQuest|161765065}}}}</ref>
| site_cityst = [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley, CA]]
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 24–33
| overtime =
| record = 7–4
| conference =
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 6, 1925
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral = yes
| rank =
| opponent = [[Olympic Club|San Francisco Olympic Club]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Harmon Gym<ref>{{cite news|title=Grizzlies Trimmed by Olympic Club|work=Los Angeles Times|date=7 February 1925|id={{ProQuest|161827599}}}}</ref>
| site_cityst = Berkeley, CA
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 21–25
| overtime =
| record = 7–5
| conference =
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 7, 1925
| time =
| nonconf =
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = Caltech
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Manual Arts High School
| site_cityst = Los Angeles, CA
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 30–20
| overtime =
| record = 8–5
| conference = 6–0
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 13, 1925
| time =
| nonconf =
| homecoming =
| away = yes
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = Redlands
| opprank =
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Redlands, California|Redlands, CA]]
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 31–16
| overtime =
| record = 9–5
| conference = 7–0
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 20, 1925
| time =
| nonconf =
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|year=1924|sex=men|team=Occidental Tigers|title=Occidental}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Manual Arts High School Gym
| site_cityst = Los Angeles, CA
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 36–20
| overtime =
| record = 10–5
| conference = 8–0
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 21, 1925
| time =
| nonconf =
| homecoming =
| away = yes
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = Occidental
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Franklin High School
| site_cityst = Los Angeles, CA
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 23–24
| overtime =
| record = 10–6
| conference = 8–1
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 28, 1925
| time =
| nonconf =
| homecoming =
| away = yes
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = Whittier
| opprank =
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Whittier, California|Whittier, CA]]
| gamename =
| attend =
| tv =
| score = 22–15
| overtime =
| record = 11–6
| conference = 9–1
}}
{{CBB schedule end|rank=| poll=[[AP Poll]] |timezone=[[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific Time]]}}
Source<ref>{{cite news|title=LOCAL QUINTET HAS BUSY WEEK: Grizlies Tackle Sagehens Twice in Two Days Three Games Are Billed on Northern Invasion Cards, Bruins and Winged O Furnish Competition|work=Los Angeles Times|date=29 January 1925|id={{ProQuest|161726986}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Season by Season Records|url=http://sidearm.sites.s3.amazonaws.com/uclabruins.com/documents/2016/10/17/MBKB_17MG_148_164.pdf#page=3|publisher=UCLA Athletics}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Southern Campus |publisher=University of California, Los Angeles |pages=542–264 |edition=1925 |url=https://archive.org/stream/southerncampus1925univ#page/254/mode/2up}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{UCLA Bruins men's basketball navbox}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1924-25 Southern Branch Grizzlies men's basketball team}}
[[Category:UCLA Bruins men's basketball seasons]]
[[Category:1924 in sports in California|Southern Branch Grizzlies Basketball]]
[[Category:1925 in sports in California|Southern Branch Grizzlies Basketball]]
[[Category:1924–25 Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference men's basketball season|Southern Branch]]
| 1,170,625,293 |
[{"title": "SCIAC champion", "data": {"Conference": "Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference", "Record": "11\u20136 (9\u20131 SCIAC)", "Head coach": "- Caddy Works (4th season)", "Assistant coach": "Silas Gibbs"}}]
| false |
# 134th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery
134th Siege Battery was a heavy howitzer unit of Britain's Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) raised during World War I. It saw active service at Salonika and in Palestine.
## Mobilisation
On the outbreak of war in August 1914, units of the part-time Territorial Force (TF) were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service and the majority of the Kent and Sussex Royal Garrison Artillery did so. These 'defended ports units', which until 1910 had been a single unit, had mobilised as part of Nos 10 and 13 Coastal Fire Commands, responsible for the defence of South East England from the Medway to Newhaven. Although the TF defended ports units never served overseas, they were soon supplying trained gunners to RGA heavy and siege batteries serving in the field and providing cadres to form complete new units.
134th Siege Battery, RGA, was formed at Dover on 3 May 1916 with a nucleus of Territorials drawn from the Kent and Sussex RGA units. The battery was equipped with four modern 6-inch 26 cwt howitzers and was sent to the Macedonian front, arriving at Salonika on 20 August 1916.
## Macedonia
The British Salonika Army (BSF) had been sent to Macedonia in October 1915 but it was desperately short of heavy artillery, and 134th Siege Bty was one of five 6-inch howitzer batteries sent out as reinforcements in the summer of 1916, where they joined 37th Heavy Artillery Group (HAG), a headquarters transferred from the Western Front. Prior to the battery's arrival, 766 Company, Army Service Corps (ASC), had been formed at Salonika on 13 July 1916, as its Siege Park Motor Transport (MT).
When 134th Siege Bty reached the front on 4 September, 37th HAG was supporting XII Corps. The BSF had just redeployed and began a period of putting pressure on the enemy with raids and larger operations. From 6 September, XII Corps' artillery began a slow bombardment of the Macukovo Salient on the left bank of the River Vardar, rising to a systematic bombardment on 10 September. On 13 September the 6-inch howitzers fired all day, until 02.00 next morning; as soon as the artillery lifted off the objectives, the infantry of 65th Brigade stormed the positions known as the 'Piton des Mitrailleuses' and the 'Dorsale' north of Macukovo. However, having made a demonstration, these exposed positions were abandoned at dusk. Infantry casualties had been heavy in this Action at Macukovo, and sickness was rife, so for a long time to come XII Corps maintained the pressure with artillery bombardments and small raids.
37th HAG with 134th Siege Bty and two other 6-inch howitzer batteries was then switched to XVI Corps along the River Struma, which was ordered to attack to prevent Bulgarian troops being sent elsewhere. The howitzers were dug in on the lower slopes of the foothills west of Orlyak. 81st Brigade crossed the river during the foggy night of 29/30 September and the bombardment began at 05.45, with the heavies firing on enemy-held trenches, dugouts, and buildings. 81st Brigade seized Karajakoi Bala, but an attempt to push on to Karajakoi Zir was foiled by enfilade fire from a flanking trench. The infantry prepared to renew the attack next day while some of the 6-inch howitzers tried to hit the flanking trench. The second village was captured and the troops dug in to fend off counter-attacks. On 3 October the narrow salient that had been captured was widened by the seizure of Yenikoi. Armoured car and cavalry patrols pushed beyond the villages discovered that the Bulgarians had fallen back a long way.
After the Struma bridgehead had been consolidated, XII Corps failed in an attempt to move on and capture Bairakli Jum'a. 134th Siege Bty and another 6-inch howitzer battery allocated to 28th Division for a better-prepared attack on 31 October. Firing across the Struma, the howitzers were registered on their targets as soon the mist cleared at 07.00, and the bombardment began 15 minuted later. The attack was carried out with great speed, and overran the Bulgarians who were shaken by the bombardment. The whole front was shaken loose, and the Bulgarians were threatened by a general advance, but the onset of winter weather reduced the advance to a series of demonstrations.
In March 1917 the BSF began preparations for a spring offensive. 37th HAG was transferred back to XII Corps, 134th Siege Bty arriving on 6 March and coming directly under XII Corps Heavy Artillery until 37th HAG HQ arrived on15 March. The Second Battle of Doiran began with a night attack on 24/25 April after three days' bombardment. Ammunition was in short supply – only 150 rounds per 6-inch howitzer was available – and the Bulgarian positions were formidable. 26th Division's attack was a complete and costly failure, that of 22nd Division was more successful because the attacking infantry had deployed beyond the enemy's defensive barrage. A further attack was made at Doiran on 8 May, but despite bitter fighting around the Petite Couronne the attack was a failure. There followed a summer of stalemate on the Macedonian Front. 134th Siege Bty transferred to 75th HAG on 25 May, then to XII Corps Right Heavy Group on 3 July and rejoined 37th HAG on 31 July, but there were no major operations.
In July the War Office decided to move troops from the BSF to reinforce the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF), whose invasion of Palestine had stalled at Gaza. The BSF was ordered to send two 6-inch howitzer batteries, and 134th Siege Bty was one of those chosen. It was moved back to the base at Salonika on 15 August and embarked for Egypt on 29 August 1917. Left behind with the BSF, 766 Co ASC became a GHQ Troops Supply Company.
## Palestine
134th Siege Bty arrived in Egypt on 5 September 1917 and joined 100th HAG with the newly-formed XXI Corps at the end of the month. Prior to the battery's arrival, 988 Company, ASC, had been formed at Ismailia on 29 August 1917 as its Ammunition Column MT.
The EEF was preparing for a renewed attack (the Third Battle of Gaza), with XXI Corps on the left (coastal) flank facing Gaza itself. Its heavy guns were divided into a right and left counter-battery (CB) group and a bombardment group, with 134th Siege Bty loaned to 95th HAG under this organisation. As well as their primary roles, all three artillery groups were also available to concentrate CB fire on Turkish guns, with 300 rounds of 6-inch howitzer ammunition allocated to each located battery. The bombardment began on 27 October while operations were going on elsewhere, then the attack on Gaza began with a preliminary attack at 23.10 on 1 November after a 10-minute intense bombardment of 'Umbrella Hill'. The second phase began at 03.00 on 2 November and made good progress. At 08.57 the whole of the corps heavy artillery began a defensive barrage (pre-registered by means of aircraft observation) that scattered an attempted Turkish counter-attack. Although the Turkish artillery responded strongly, it was all withdrawn before the end of the day in response to British CB fire and the advancing infantry. By the end of the day the British troops had taken almost all their objectives and had succeeded in pinning the enemy troops and causing heavy casualties. The corps heavy artillery brought up another 1000 rounds per gun, but the Turks evacuated Gaza before the follow-up attack could be launched on 7 November as the rest of the EEF broke through further east.
The leading troops of XXI Corps then began advancing north of Gaza as the EEF moved on Jerusalem. The corps was hampered by shortage of transport, and artillery ammunition had to be brought up by ship and landed on the beach. Although some heavy artillery batteries were got up for the capture of Junction Station on 14 November, 134th Siege Bty was not among them. XII Corps began its advance into the Judean Hills on 19 November and took Nebi Samwil on 21 November, though even the light field gun batteries found movement almost impossible in the hills in winter weather. However, 100th HAG had caught up for the launch of the Battle of Jaffa on 11 December. The rest of the corps heavy artillery and a sound-ranging section arrived by 13 December and the whole supported the passage of the Nahr el 'Auja on the night of 20/21 December. The batteries were brought up into concealed positions and 100th HAG began CB fire on the morning of 20 December. The bold attack was a complete success.
Having captured Jerusalem, the EEF spent the winter defending it against Turkish counter-attacks. The campaign restarted in March 1918 with the Battle of Tell 'Asur. XXI Corps was in support, and had the advantage of good positions for its heavy artillery, which could support the advance with enfilade fire. One section of 134th Siege Bty was equipped with Holt caterpillar tractors and assigned to move up in direct support of 75th Division; the other section was in the Bombardment Group under 95th HAG. On 7 March 75th Division advanced its right flank to gain routes for the artillery and supplies, and the section of 134th Siege Bty moved up to Qibye behind it. During the attack on 12 March this section engaged strongpoints out of reach of the Bombardment Group. Well supported by the artillery, the infantry had a relatively easy task and their casualties were light. On 9–11 April a section of 134th Siege Bty supported 75th Division once more in a much tougher fight at Berukin against German troops.
After a pause during the summer, the EEF began a new offensive (the Battle of Megiddo) in September 1918. The first phase was an attack by XXI Corps with the bulk of the heavy artillery to break through the Turkish positions in the Plain of Sharon and swing eastwards, after which the Desert Mounted Corps (DMC) pass through to begin the exploitation. The relatively mobile 6-inch howitzers would be ready to move up in support after the breakthrough. The Battle of Sharon opened at 04.30 on 19 September with a 15-minute bombardment, the heaviest of the whole Palestine campaign, simultaneous with the infantry attack. The heavy artillery was mainly tasked with CB fire (directed by prior air reconnaissance, sound-ranging and patrolling) with a few individual guns and howitzers shelling Turkish headquarters and telephone exchanges out of range of the field guns. The heavies would then be available to fire on any strongpoints holding up the advance. The Turkish artillery replied promptly at Zero hour, but was soon suppressed by the intensity and accuracy of the CB fire. By the end of the day the whole Turkish defence system had been penetrated and the DMC began the pursuit.
XXI Corps was left behind during the pursuit. The infantry were employed in improving the roads. Eventually a road suitable for 60-pounder heavy guns was opened for XXI Corps to advance up the coast to Beirut, but the howitzers had to be left behind as the campaign reached its climax. 134th Siege Bty and 988 Co, ASC, transferred to 97th Bde, RGA, on 25 October 1918, then to Corps Troops, and finally to Line of Communication Troops as the HQs moved forwards. Hostilities in Palestine ended on 31 October with the Armistice of Mudros.
134th Siege Battery was disbanded at Ismailia on 30 June 1919.
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134th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery
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2023-11-30T14:12:52Z
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en
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Q107657863
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 134th Siege Battery, RGA
|image= Koning_Soldaat.,_item_60.jpg
|caption=Cap Badge of the Royal Regiment of Artillery
|dates= 3 May 1916–30 June 1919
|country={{flag|United Kingdom}}
|allegiance=
|branch=[[File:Flag of the British Army.svg|23px]] [[British Army]]
|type=
|role=Siege Artillery
|size=
|command_structure= [[Royal Garrison Artillery]]
|current_commander=
|garrison=[[Dover]]
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|nickname=
|patron=
|motto=
|colors=
|march=
|mascot=
|battles= [[Macedonian front|Salonika]]<br>[[Sinai and Palestine campaign|Palestine]]
|notable_commanders=
|anniversaries=
}}
'''134th Siege Battery''' was a heavy [[howitzer]] unit of Britain's [[Royal Garrison Artillery]] (RGA) raised during [[World War I]]. It saw active service at [[Macedonian front|Salonika]] and in [[Sinai and Palestine campaign|Palestine]].
==Mobilisation==
On the outbreak of war in August 1914, units of the part-time [[Territorial Force]] (TF) were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service<ref>Becke, Pt 2b, p. 6.</ref> and the majority of the [[Kent Royal Garrison Artillery|Kent]] and [[Sussex Royal Garrison Artillery]] did so. These 'defended ports units', which until 1910 had been a single unit, had mobilised as part of Nos 10 and 13 Coastal Fire Commands, responsible for the defence of South East England from the [[Medway]] to [[Newhaven, East Sussex|Newhaven]].<ref>Farndale, pp. 402, 409.</ref><ref>Frederick, pp. 697–8.</ref><ref>Maurice-Jones, p. 185.</ref> Although the TF defended ports units never served overseas, they were soon supplying trained gunners to RGA heavy and siege batteries serving in the field and providing [[Cadre (military)|cadres]] to form complete new units.<ref>Maurice-Jones, pp. 200–1.</ref>
'''134th Siege Battery, RGA''', was formed at [[Dover]] on 3 May 1916 with a nucleus of Territorials drawn from the Kent and Sussex RGA units.<ref name = Frederick703>Frederick, pp. 702–6.</ref><ref>Army Council Instruction No 996, 13 May 1916.</ref> The battery was equipped with four modern [[BL 6-inch 26 cwt howitzer|6-inch 26 cwt howitzers]] and was sent to the [[Macedonian front]], arriving at [[Salonika]] on 20 August 1916.<ref name = Siege>[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C4558646 'Allocation of Siege Batteries RGA'], [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives (TNA), Kew]], file WO 95/5494/4.</ref>
==Macedonia==
The [[British Salonika Army]] (BSF) had been sent to Macedonia in October 1915 but it was desperately short of heavy artillery, and 134th Siege Bty was one of five 6-inch howitzer batteries sent out as reinforcements in the summer of 1916, where they joined 37th Heavy Artillery Group (HAG), a headquarters transferred from the Western Front.<ref name = Siege/><ref name = BeckeBSF>Becke, Pt 4, pp. 55–62.</ref><ref>Falls, ''Macedonia'', Vol I, pp. 142, 162.</ref><ref>Frederick, p. 711.</ref><ref name = HAG>[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C4558646 'Headquarters Heavy Artillery Groups', TNA file WO 95/5494/1.]</ref> Prior to the battery's arrival, 766 Company, [[Royal Army Service Corps|Army Service Corps]] (ASC), had been formed at Salonika on 13 July 1916, as its Siege Park Motor Transport (MT).<ref name = YoungQ>Young, Appendix Q.</ref><ref name = MT>[http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C4558646 'Allocation of Mechanical Transport Companies ASC', TNA file WO 95/5494/G.]</ref>
When 134th Siege Bty reached the front on 4 September, 37th HAG was supporting [[XII Corps (United Kingdom)|XII Corps]]. The BSF had just redeployed and began a period of putting pressure on the enemy with raids and larger operations. From 6 September, XII Corps' artillery began a slow bombardment of the [[Macukovo]] Salient on the left bank of the [[Vardar|River Vardar]], rising to a systematic bombardment on 10 September. On 13 September the 6-inch howitzers fired all day, until 02.00 next morning; as soon as the artillery lifted off the objectives, the infantry of [[65th Brigade (United Kingdom)|65th Brigade]] stormed the positions known as the 'Piton des Mitrailleuses' and the 'Dorsale' north of Macukovo. However, having made a demonstration, these exposed positions were abandoned at dusk. Infantry casualties had been heavy in this Action at Macukovo, and sickness was rife, so for a long time to come XII Corps maintained the pressure with artillery bombardments and small raids.<ref name = Siege/><ref name = BeckeBSF/><ref>Falls, ''Macedonia'' Vol I, p. 162.</ref>
[[File:LAC_BL_6-inch_26_cwt_Howitzer.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Crew positioning a 6-inch 26 cwt howitzer.]]
37th HAG with 134th Siege Bty and two other 6-inch howitzer batteries was then switched to [[XVI Corps (United Kingdom)|XVI Corps]] along the [[Struma (river)|River Struma]], which was ordered to attack to prevent [[Bulgarian Land Forces|Bulgarian]] troops being sent elsewhere. The howitzers were dug in on the lower slopes of the foothills west of [[Orlyak]]. [[81st Brigade (United Kingdom)|81st Brigade]] crossed the river during the foggy night of 29/30 September and the bombardment began at 05.45, with the heavies firing on enemy-held trenches, [[Dugout (shelter)#World War I|dugouts]], and buildings. 81st Brigade seized Karajakoi Bala, but an attempt to push on to Karajakoi Zir was foiled by [[enfilade fire ]]from a flanking trench. The infantry prepared to renew the attack next day while some of the 6-inch howitzers tried to hit the flanking trench. The second village was captured and the troops dug in to fend off counter-attacks. On 3 October the narrow salient that had been captured was widened by the seizure of [[Yenikoi]]. Armoured car and cavalry patrols pushed beyond the villages discovered that the Bulgarians had fallen back a long way.<ref name = BeckeBSF/><ref>Falls, ''Macedonia'' Vol I, pp. 172–84.</ref>
After the Struma bridgehead had been consolidated, XII Corps failed in an attempt to move on and capture Bairakli Jum'a. 134th Siege Bty and another 6-inch howitzer battery allocated to [[28th Division (United Kingdom)|28th Division]] for a better-prepared attack on 31 October. Firing across the Struma, the howitzers were registered on their targets as soon the mist cleared at 07.00, and the bombardment began 15 minuted later. The attack was carried out with great speed, and overran the Bulgarians who were shaken by the bombardment. The whole front was shaken loose, and the Bulgarians were threatened by a general advance, but the onset of winter weather reduced the advance to a series of demonstrations.<ref>Falls, ''Macedonia'' Vol I, pp. 192–6, 241.</ref>
In March 1917 the BSF began preparations for a spring offensive. 37th HAG was transferred back to XII Corps, 134th Siege Bty arriving on 6 March and coming directly under XII Corps Heavy Artillery until 37th HAG HQ arrived on15 March.<ref name = Siege/><ref>Falls, ''Macedonia'' Vol I, p. 298.</ref> The [[Battle of Doiran (1917)|Second Battle of Doiran]] began with a night attack on 24/25 April after three days' bombardment. Ammunition was in short supply – only 150 rounds per 6-inch howitzer was available – and the Bulgarian positions were formidable. [[26th Division (United Kingdom)|26th Division]]'s attack was a complete and costly failure, that of [[22nd Division (United Kingdom)|22nd Division]] was more successful because the attacking infantry had deployed beyond the enemy's defensive barrage.<ref>Falls, ''Macedonia'' Vol I, pp. 302–16.</ref> A further attack was made at Doiran on 8 May, but despite bitter fighting around the Petite Couronne the attack was a failure.<ref>Falls, ''Macedonia'' Vol I, pp. 321–34.</ref> There followed a summer of stalemate on the Macedonian Front. 134th Siege Bty transferred to 75th HAG on 25 May, then to XII Corps Right Heavy Group on 3 July and rejoined 37th HAG on 31 July, but there were no major operations.<ref name = Siege/><ref name = BeckeBSF/>
In July the [[War Office]] decided to move troops from the BSF to reinforce the [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] (EEF), whose invasion of [[Ottoman Palestine|Palestine]] had stalled at [[Gaza City|Gaza]]. The BSF was ordered to send two 6-inch howitzer batteries, and 134th Siege Bty was one of those chosen. It was moved back to the base at Salonika on 15 August and embarked for Egypt on 29 August 1917.<ref name = Siege/><ref name = BeckeEEF>Becke, Pt 4, pp. 27–44.</ref><ref>Falls, ''Macedonia'' Vol II, pp. 12–3.</ref><ref>Farndale, p. 93.</ref> Left behind with the BSF, 766 Co ASC became a GHQ Troops Supply Company.<ref name = YoungQ/>
==Palestine==
134th Siege Bty arrived in Egypt on 5 September 1917 and joined 100th HAG with the newly-formed [[XXI Corps (United Kingdom)|XXI Corps]] at the end of the month.<ref name = Siege/><ref name = HAG/><ref name = BeckeXXI>Becke, Pt 4, pp. 251–5.</ref><ref>Falls, ''Egypt & Palestine'' Vol II, Pt I, p. 16.</ref> Prior to the battery's arrival, 988 Company, ASC, had been formed at [[Ismailia]] on 29 August 1917 as its Ammunition Column MT.<ref name = YoungQ/><ref name = MT/>
The EEF was preparing for a renewed attack (the [[Third Battle of Gaza]]), with XXI Corps on the left (coastal) flank facing Gaza itself. Its heavy guns were divided into a right and left [[Counter-battery fire|counter-battery]] (CB) group and a bombardment group, with 134th Siege Bty loaned to 95th HAG under this organisation. As well as their primary roles, all three artillery groups were also available to concentrate CB fire on [[Ottoman Army (1861-1922)|Turkish]] guns, with 300 rounds of 6-inch howitzer ammunition allocated to each located battery. The bombardment began on 27 October while operations were going on elsewhere, then the attack on Gaza began with a preliminary attack at 23.10 on 1 November after a 10-minute intense bombardment of 'Umbrella Hill'. The second phase began at 03.00 on 2 November and made good progress. At 08.57 the whole of the corps heavy artillery began a defensive barrage (pre-registered by means of aircraft observation) that scattered an attempted Turkish counter-attack. Although the Turkish artillery responded strongly, it was all withdrawn before the end of the day in response to British CB fire and the advancing infantry. By the end of the day the British troops had taken almost all their objectives and had succeeded in pinning the enemy troops and causing heavy casualties. The corps heavy artillery brought up another 1000 rounds per gun, but the Turks evacuated Gaza before the follow-up attack could be launched on 7 November as the rest of the EEF broke through further east.<ref name = BeckeEEF/><ref name = BeckeXXI/><ref>Bullock, pp. 76–9.</ref><ref>Falls, ''Egypt & Palestine'' Vol II, Pt I, pp. 64–76.</ref><ref>Farndale, pp. 95–102.</ref>
The leading troops of XXI Corps then began advancing north of Gaza as the EEF moved on [[Jerusalem]]. The corps was hampered by shortage of transport, and artillery ammunition had to be brought up by ship and landed on the beach. Although some heavy artillery batteries were got up for the capture of Junction Station on 14 November, 134th Siege Bty was not among them.<ref name = BeckeXXI/><ref>Falls, ''Egypt & Palestine'' Vol II, Pt I, pp. 129–38, 142–6, 157–8.</ref><ref>Farndale, pp. 107–9.</ref> XII Corps began its advance into the [[Judean Hills]] on 19 November and took [[Battle of Nebi Samwil|Nebi Samwil]] on 21 November, though even the light field gun batteries found movement almost impossible in the hills in winter weather. However, 100th HAG had caught up for the launch of the [[Battle of Jaffa (1917)|Battle of Jaffa]] on 11 December. The rest of the corps heavy artillery and a sound-ranging section arrived by 13 December and the whole supported the passage of the [[Yarkon River|Nahr el 'Auja]] on the night of 20/21 December. The batteries were brought up into concealed positions and 100th HAG began CB fire on the morning of 20 December. The bold attack was a complete success.<ref name = BeckeEEF/><ref name = BeckeXXI/><ref>Bullock, pp. 90–1.</ref><ref>Falls, ''Egypt & Palestine'' Vol II, Pt I, pp. 189–92, 197–8, 265–74.</ref><ref>Farndale, pp. 111–4.</ref>
[[File:HoltTractorTowing6inchHowitzerMesopotamia1918.jpeg|thumb|300px|left|Holt caterpillar tractor towing a 6-inch howitzer in the Middle East, 1918.]]
Having [[Battle of Jerusalem|captured Jerusalem]], the EEF spent the winter defending it against Turkish counter-attacks. The campaign restarted in March 1918 with the [[Battle of Tell 'Asur]]. XXI Corps was in support, and had the advantage of good positions for its heavy artillery, which could support the advance with enfilade fire. One section of 134th Siege Bty was equipped with [[Holt tractor|Holt caterpillar tractors]] and assigned to move up in direct support of [[75th Division (United Kingdom)|75th Division]]; the other section was in the Bombardment Group under 95th HAG. On 7 March 75th Division advanced its right flank to gain routes for the artillery and supplies, and the section of 134th Siege Bty moved up to Qibye behind it. During the attack on 12 March this section engaged strongpoints out of reach of the Bombardment Group. Well supported by the artillery, the infantry had a relatively easy task and their casualties were light. On 9–11 April a section of 134th Siege Bty supported 75th Division once more in a much tougher fight at [[Berukin]] against German troops.<ref name = BeckeEEF/><ref name = BeckeXXI/><ref>Bullock, pp. 105, 112.</ref><ref>Falls, ''Egypt & Palestine'' Vol II, Pt I, pp. 323–6, 350–7.</ref><ref>Farndale, pp. 118–9, 121.</ref>
After a pause during the summer, the EEF began a new offensive (the [[Battle of Megiddo (1918)|Battle of Megiddo]]) in September 1918. The first phase was an attack by XXI Corps with the bulk of the heavy artillery to break through the Turkish positions in the [[Plain of Sharon]] and swing eastwards, after which the [[Desert Mounted Corps]] (DMC) pass through to begin the exploitation. The relatively mobile 6-inch howitzers would be ready to move up in support after the breakthrough. The [[Battle of Sharon]] opened at 04.30 on 19 September with a 15-minute bombardment, the heaviest of the whole Palestine campaign, simultaneous with the infantry attack. The heavy artillery was mainly tasked with CB fire (directed by prior air reconnaissance, sound-ranging and patrolling) with a few individual guns and howitzers shelling Turkish headquarters and telephone exchanges out of range of the field guns. The heavies would then be available to fire on any strongpoints holding up the advance. The Turkish artillery replied promptly at Zero hour, but was soon suppressed by the intensity and accuracy of the CB fire. By the end of the day the whole Turkish defence system had been penetrated and the DMC began the pursuit.<ref name = BeckeXXI/><ref>Bullock, pp. 130–4.</ref><ref>Falls, ''Egypt & Palestine'' Vol II, Pt II, pp. 448–50, 455–6, 469–70, 472–88.</ref><ref>Farndale, pp, 126–32.</ref>
XXI Corps was left behind during the pursuit. The infantry were employed in improving the roads. Eventually a road suitable for 60-pounder heavy guns was opened for XXI Corps to advance up the coast to Beirut, but the howitzers had to be left behind as the campaign reached its climax.<ref name = BeckeXXI/><ref>Bullock, p. 142.</ref><ref>Falls, ''Egypt & Palestine'' Vol II, Pt II, pp. 560–3, 602–3.</ref> 134th Siege Bty and 988 Co, ASC, transferred to 97th Bde, RGA, on 25 October 1918, then to Corps Troops, and finally to Line of Communication Troops as the HQs moved forwards.<ref name = Siege/><ref name = YoungQ/> Hostilities in Palestine ended on 31 October with the [[Armistice of Mudros]].<ref>Bullock, p. 146.</ref><ref>Falls, ''Egypt & Palestine'' Vol II, Pt II, pp. 620–1, 625–7.</ref>
134th Siege Battery was disbanded at Ismailia on 30 June 1919.<ref name = Frederick703/>
==Notes==
{{reflist|3}}
==References==
{{refbegin|2}}
* Maj A.F. Becke,''History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 4: The Army Council, GHQs, Armies, and Corps 1914–1918'', London: HM Stationery Office, 1944/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-43-6.
* David L. Bullock, ''Allenby's War: The Palestine-Arabian Campaigns 1916–1918'', London: Blandford Press, 1988, ISBN 0-7137-1869-2.
* Capt [[Cyril Falls]], ''History of the Great War: Military Operations, Egypt and Palestine'', Vol II, ''From June 1917 to the End of the War'', Part I, London: HM Stationery Office, 1930/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84574-951-4.
* Capt Cyril Falls, ''History of the Great War: Military Operations, Egypt and Palestine'', Vol II, ''From June 1917 to the End of the War'', Part II, London: HM Stationery Office, 1930/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84574-950-7.
* Capt Cyril Falls, ''History of the Great War: Military Operations, Macedonia'', Vol I, ''From the Spring of 1917 to the End of the War'', London: Macmillan, 1933/London: Imperial War Museum & Battery Press.
* Capt Cyril Falls, ''History of the Great War: Military Operations, Macedonia'', Vol II, ''From the Outbreak of War until the Spring of 1917'', London: Macmillan, 1935/London: Imperial War Museum & Battery Press.
* Gen Sir [[Martin Farndale]], ''History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Forgotten Fronts and the Home Base 1914–18'', Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988, ISBN 1-870114-05-1.
* J.B.M. Frederick, ''Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978'', Vol II, Wakefield: Microform Academic, 1984, ISBN 1-85117-009-X.
* Col K. W. Maurice-Jones, ''The History of Coast Artillery in the British Army'', London: Royal Artillery Institution, 1959/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2005, ISBN 978-1-845740-31-3.
* War Office, ''Army Council Instructions Issued During May 1916'', London: HM Stationery Office.
* Lt-Col Michael Young, ''Army Service Corps 1902–1918'', Barnsley: Leo Cooper, 2000, ISBN 0-85052-730-9.
{{refend}}
[[Category:Siege batteries of the Royal Garrison Artillery]]
[[Category:Military units and formations in Kent]]
[[Category:Military units and formations in Dover]]
[[Category:Military units and formations in Sussex]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1916]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1919]]
| 1,187,637,970 |
[{"title": "134th Siege Battery, RGA", "data": {"Active": "3 May 1916\u201330 June 1919", "Country": "United Kingdom", "Branch": "British Army", "Role": "Siege Artillery", "Part of": "Royal Garrison Artillery", "Garrison/HQ": "Dover", "Engagements": "Salonika \u00b7 Palestine"}}]
| false |
# 18th Artillery Division (Wehrmacht)
The 18th Artillery Division (German: 18. Artillerie-Division) was a German artillery division formed during World War II in 1943. Being the first independent mobile artillery force it never raised to its planned strength. The division fought at the Eastern Front, suffered heavy losses and was disbanded in 1944.
## Operational history
The 18th Artillery Division was formed by combining the staff and some of the remaining corps troops from the 18th Panzer Division, being disbanded on October 1, with other stray units. This division was the first unit planned as an independent and mobile artillery force; and the planned strength for the division was never achieved.
According to General Erhard Raus's memoirs, in December 1943 near Kiev the division included nine artillery battalions and was equipped with sixty light and forty medium artillery pieces, as well as twenty-four assault guns. A special element of this division was that it had its own (heavy) infantry element, the Schützen-Abteilung 88 (tmot) (also known as Art.-Kampf-Btln. 88 and Art.-Alarm-Abteilung 18). Having the mission of defending the artillery in all dangerous situations this battalion, thoroughly trained in rear guard actions, saved the division from total destruction no less than three times.
The division was part of the XXXVIII Army Corps in the 1st Panzer Army. It was in action until late March 1944, when it was encircled in the Kamenets-Podolsky pocket. With the defeat of the Army Group North Ukraine in April 1944, the division’s combat path came to an end. Though it managed to break through it was depleted and lost all of its heavy equipment. It was listed as an integral unit for the last time in April 1944 as Kampfgruppe 18. Art.Div.; and was disbanded in practice in April 1944. Until November 4, 1944, it was engaged in mostly infantry battles; and due to heavy casualties the division nearly ceased to exist. It was formally disbanded on July 27, 1944. The remaining officers and men from staff and corps troops were used to form the Panzerkorps Großdeutschland and the artillery regiments were reformed into several independent artillery brigades.
## Commanders
- Generalmajor Karl Thoholte (October 20, 1943 - February 28, 1944)
- Generalmajor Gerhard Müller (February 28, 1944 - April 1944)
- Generalleutnant Karl Thoholte (April 1944 - July 1944)
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18th Artillery Division (Wehrmacht)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_Artillery_Division_(Wehrmacht)
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Q2810907
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{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 18th Artillery Division
| native_name = ''18. Artillerie-Division''
| image =
| caption =
| dates = October 1943 - July 1944
| country = {{Flag|Nazi Germany}}
| allegiance =
| branch = {{Army|Nazi Germany}}
| type = [[Artillery]]
| role = [[Fire support]]
| size = [[Division (military)|Division]]
| command_structure = [[XXXVIII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XXXVIII. Armeekorps]]
| equipment = <!-- Commanders -->
| notable_commanders = ''Generalleutnant'' Karl Thoholte
<!-- Insignia -->| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_2 = <!-- Culture and history -->
| nickname =
| patron =
| motto =
| colors =
| march =
| mascot =
| battles = [[World War II]]
*[[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]]
**[[Kamenets-Podolsky pocket]]
}}
{{command structure|name=Order of Battle, 18th Artillery Division <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de/Gliederungen/ArtDiv/18ArtDiv.htm|title = Lexikon der Wehrmacht - Artillerie-Divisionen}}</ref>|date=1943|parent=|subordinate=* 88th Artillery Regiment
* 288th Artillery Regiment
* 388th Artillery Regiment
* 741st Assault Artillery Battery
* 280th Flak Detachment
* 4th Artillery Observation Detachment
* 18th Artillery Support Battery
* 88th Infantry Support Detachment
* 88th Signals Detachment
* 88th Support Artillery Detachment
* 88th Supply Group
* 88th Administration Group
* 88th Sanitation Section}}[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-219-0596-25, Russland-Mitte-Süd, Panzerhaubitze "Hummel".jpg|thumb|280px|A battery of [[Hummel (vehicle)|''Hummel'']] 15 cm self-propelled howitzers of the Artillerie-Regiment 88 (mot) ready for firing in 1943]]
The '''18th Artillery Division''' ({{langx|de|18. Artillerie-Division}}) was a [[Nazi Germany|German]] artillery division formed during World War II in 1943. Being the first independent mobile artillery force it never raised to its planned strength. The division fought at the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]], suffered heavy losses and was disbanded in 1944.
==Operational history==
The 18th Artillery Division was formed by combining the staff and some of the remaining corps troops from the [[18th Panzer Division]], being disbanded on October 1, with other stray units. This division was the first unit planned as an independent and mobile artillery force; and the planned strength for the division was never achieved.{{cn|date=December 2024}}
According to General [[Erhard Raus]]'s memoirs, in December 1943 near Kiev the division included nine artillery battalions and was equipped with sixty light and forty medium artillery pieces, as well as twenty-four assault guns.<ref>{{cite book |last=Raus |first=Erhard |author-link=Erhard Raus |editor-last=Newton |editor-first=Steven H. |title=Panzer Operations: The Eastern Front Memoir of General Raus 1941–1945 |date=2005 |publisher=Da Capo Press |isbn=0-306-81409-9 |page=263}}</ref> A special element of this division was that it had its own (heavy) infantry element, the ''Schützen-Abteilung 88 (tmot)'' (also known as ''Art.-Kampf-Btln. 88'' and ''Art.-Alarm-Abteilung 18''). Having the mission of defending the artillery in all dangerous situations this battalion, thoroughly trained in rear guard actions, saved the division from total destruction no less than three times.
The division was part of the [[XXXVIII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XXXVIII Army Corps]] in the [[1st Panzer Army]]. It was in action until late March 1944, when it was encircled in the [[Kamenets-Podolsky pocket]]. With the defeat of the [[Army Group North Ukraine]] in April 1944, the division’s combat path came to an end.<ref>Б. Мюллер-Гиллебранд. Сухопутная Армия Германии. 1933—1945 гг. Издательство «Изографус» Москва, 2002, p. 688.</ref> Though it managed to break through it was depleted and lost all of its heavy equipment. It was listed as an integral unit for the last time in April 1944 as ''Kampfgruppe 18. Art.Div.''; and was disbanded in practice in April 1944.<ref>Б. Мюллер-Гиллебранд. Сухопутная Армия Германии. 1933—1945 гг. Издательство «Изографус» Москва, 2002, p. 794.</ref> Until November 4, 1944, it was engaged in mostly infantry battles; and due to heavy casualties the division nearly ceased to exist. It was formally disbanded on July 27, 1944. The remaining officers and men from staff and corps troops were used to form the [[Panzerkorps Großdeutschland]] and the artillery regiments were reformed into several independent artillery brigades.
==Commanders==
*''Generalmajor'' Karl Thoholte (October 20, 1943 - February 28, 1944)
*''Generalmajor'' Gerhard Müller (February 28, 1944 - April 1944)
*''Generalleutnant'' Karl Thoholte (April 1944 - July 1944)
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Paul, Wolfang ''Die Truppengeschichte der 18. Panzer-Division 1940-1943. (Mit 18. Art. Div. 1943-44 und HArtBrig 88 1944-45)''. Reutlingen. Preußischer Militärverlag. 1989. {{ISBN|2-9503-7950-8}}.
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Divisions of the German Army in World War II]]
[[Category:Artillery divisions]]
[[Category:Artillery units and formations of Germany]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1943]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1944]]
| 1,271,945,508 |
[{"title": "18th Artillery Division", "data": {"Active": "October 1943 - July 1944", "Country": "Nazi Germany", "Branch": "German Army", "Type": "Artillery", "Role": "Fire support", "Size": "Division", "Part of": "XXXVIII. Armeekorps", "Engagements": "World War II - Eastern Front - Kamenets-Podolsky pocket"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Notable \u00b7 commanders": "Generalleutnant Karl Thoholte"}}]
| false |
# 1925–26 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team
The 1925–26 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team represented the College of William & Mary in intercollegiate basketball during the 1925–26 season. Under the third year of head coach J. Wilder Tasker (who concurrently served as the head football and baseball coach), the team finished the season with a 9–8 record. This was the 21st season of the collegiate basketball program at William & Mary, whose nickname is now the Tribe.
William & Mary finished construction in 1925 on Blow Gymnasium, where the men's basketball team would play until the opening of William & Mary Hall in 1970.
## Schedule
| * | | Medical College of Virginia | W 36–21 | 1–0 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| * | | Fort Monroe | W 43–30 | 2–0 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| * | | Union Theological Institute | W 41–16 | 3–0 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| * | | Wake Forest | L 19–37 | 3–1 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| 1/15/1925* | | Richmond | L 19–30 | 3–2 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| * | | St. John's (MD) | W 29–18 | 4–2 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| * | | High Point College | L 24–25 | 4–3 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| * | | Stevens Tech | L 19–39 | 4–4 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| * | | Roanoke College | W 35–34 | 5–4 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| * | | St. John's (MD) | L 21–36 | 5–5 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| * | | Catholic University | L 8–57 | 5–6 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| * | | George Washington | L 31–39 | 5–7 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| * | | at Georgetown | W 26–25 | 6–7 | Ryan Gymnasium Washington, DC |
| * | | Guilford College | W 24–23 | 7–7 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| 3/2/1925* | | Richmond | L 23–30 | 7–8 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| * | | Randolph–Macon | W 23–17 | 8–8 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| * | | Randolph–Macon | W 29–17 | 9–8 | Blow Gymnasium Williamsburg, VA |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. | | | | | |
Source
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1925–26 William & Mary Indians men's basketball team
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925%E2%80%9326_William_%26_Mary_Indians_men%27s_basketball_team
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2023-08-16T22:08:01Z
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Q19866962
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{{short description|American college basketball season}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox NCAA team season
|mode=Basketball
|year=1925–26
|team=William & Mary Indians
|image=
|image_size=150
|conference=Independent
|division=
|short_conf=
|CoachRank=
|APRank=
|record= 9–8
|conf_record=
|head_coach= [[J. Wilder Tasker]]
|hc_year = 3rd
| mvp =
| captain =
|asst_coach1=
|asst_coach2=
|asst_coach3=
|stadium= [[Blow Gymnasium]]
|champion=
|bowl=
|bowl_result=
}}
The '''1925–26 [[William & Mary Indians men's basketball]] team''' represented the [[College of William & Mary]] in [[college basketball|intercollegiate]] [[basketball]] during the 1925–26 season. Under the third year of head coach [[J. Wilder Tasker]] (who concurrently served as the head [[1925 William & Mary Tribe football team|football]] and [[William & Mary Tribe baseball|baseball]] coach), the team finished the season with a 9–8 record.<ref name=SR>{{cite web| title =William & Mary season-by-season results| work =sports-reference.com| publisher =Sports Reference LLC| year=2014| url =https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/schools/william-mary/| accessdate =December 22, 2014}}</ref> This was the 21st season of the collegiate basketball program at William & Mary, whose nickname is now the '''Tribe'''.
William & Mary finished construction in 1925 on [[Blow Gymnasium]], where the men's basketball team would play until the opening of [[William & Mary Hall]] in 1970.
==Schedule==
{{CBB schedule start|gamehighs=no|attend=no|TV=no}}
|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#006400; color:#FFD700;"| Regular season
{{CBB schedule entry
| date =
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = [[Medical College of Virginia]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Blow Gymnasium]]
| site_cityst = [[Williamsburg, Virginia|Williamsburg, VA]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 36–21
| overtime =
| record = 1–0
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date =
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = [[Fort Monroe]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Blow Gymnasium
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 43–30
| overtime =
| record = 2–0
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date =
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = Union Theological Institute
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Blow Gymnasium
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 41–16
| overtime =
| record = 3–0
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date =
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|1925|sex=men|team=Wake Forest Demon Deacons|title=Wake Forest}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Blow Gymnasium
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 19–37
| overtime =
| record = 3–1
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = 1/15/1925
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|1925|sex=men|team=Richmond Spiders|title=Richmond}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Blow Gymnasium
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 19–30
| overtime =
| record = 3–2
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date =
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = [[St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe)|St. John's (MD)]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Blow Gymnasium
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 29–18
| overtime =
| record = 4–2
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date =
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|1925|sex=men|team=High Point Panthers|title=High Point College}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Blow Gymnasium
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 24–25
| overtime =
| record = 4–3
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date =
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = [[Stevens Tech Ducks|Stevens Tech]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Blow Gymnasium
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 19–39
| overtime =
| record = 4–4
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date =
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|1925|sex=men|team=Roanoke Maroons|title=Roanoke College}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Blow Gymnasium
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 35–34
| overtime =
| record = 5–4
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date =
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = St. John's (MD)
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Blow Gymnasium
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 21–36
| overtime =
| record = 5–5
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date =
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|1925|sex=men|team=Catholic University Cardinals|title=Catholic University}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Blow Gymnasium
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 8–57
| overtime =
| record = 5–6
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date =
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|1925|sex=men|team=George Washington Colonials|title=George Washington}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Blow Gymnasium
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 31–39
| overtime =
| record = 5–7
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date =
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away = yes
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = [[1925–26 Georgetown Hoyas men's basketball team|Georgetown]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Ryan Gymnasium
| site_cityst = [[Washington, DC]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 26–25
| overtime =
| record = 6–7
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date =
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|1925|sex=men|team=Guilford Quakers|title=Guilford College}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Blow Gymnasium
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 24–23
| overtime =
| record = 7–7
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = 3/2/1925
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = Richmond
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Blow Gymnasium
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 23–30
| overtime =
| record = 7–8
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date =
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = {{cbb link|1925|sex=men|team=Randolph-Macon Yellow Jackets|title=Randolph–Macon}}
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Blow Gymnasium
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 23–17
| overtime =
| record = 8–8
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date =
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank =
| opponent = Randolph–Macon
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Blow Gymnasium
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 29–17
| overtime =
| record = 9–8
}}
{{CBB schedule end}}
<small>''Source''</small><ref>{{cite web| title =2013–14 William & Mary Tribe Men's Basketball Media Guide| work =Year-by-year records| publisher =College of William & Mary| year=2013| url =http://www.tribeathletics.com/ViewArticle.dbml?&DB_OEM_ID=25100&ATCLID=209294887| accessdate =December 22, 2014}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{William & Mary Tribe men's basketball navbox}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1925-26 William and Mary Indians Men's Basketball Team}}
[[Category:William & Mary Tribe men's basketball seasons]]
[[Category:1925–26 NCAA men's basketball independents season|William And Mary Indians]]
[[Category:1925 in sports in Virginia|William and Mary Indians Men's Basketball Team]]
[[Category:1926 in sports in Virginia|William and Mary Indians Men's Basketball Team]]
| 1,170,735,556 |
[{"title": "1925\u201326 William & Mary Indians men's basketball", "data": {"Conference": "Independent", "Record": "9\u20138", "Head coach": "- J. Wilder Tasker (3rd season)", "Home arena": "Blow Gymnasium"}}]
| false |
# 1208 in Ireland
Events from the year 1208 in Ireland.
## Incumbent
- Lord: John
## Events
- The town and lands of Fethard, County Tipperary were lost to its founder, William de Braose, following a dispute he had with King John of England.
- Auliffe O'Rothlain, Chief of Calry of Coolcarney, was slain by O'Moran.[1]
|
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enwiki
| 15,337,390 |
1208 in Ireland
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1208_in_Ireland
|
2024-09-24T07:42:19Z
|
en
|
Q4548095
| 130,980 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{YearInIrelandNav | 1208 }}
Events from the year '''1208 in Ireland'''.
==Incumbent==
*[[Lordship of Ireland|Lord]]: [[John, King of England|John]]
==Events==
* The town and lands of [[Fethard, County Tipperary]] were lost to its founder, William de Braose, following a dispute he had with [[King John of England]].
* ''[[Ó Rothláin|Auliffe O'Rothlain]], Chief of Calry of Coolcarney, was slain by O'Moran.''<ref>[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005C/index.html ''Annals of the Four Masters''. M1208.10]</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Years in Ireland}}
{{Year in Europe|1208}}
[[Category:1200s in Ireland]]
[[Category:1208 by country|Ireland]]
[[Category:Years of the 13th century in Ireland]]
{{Ireland-year-stub}}
| 1,247,432,888 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1207 - 1206 - 1205 - 1204 - 1203": "1208 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Ireland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1209 - 1210 - 1211 - 1212 - 1213", "Centuries": "11th 12th 13th 14th 15th", "Decades": "1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s 1220s", "See also": "Other events of 1208 \u00b7 List of years in Ireland"}}]
| false |
# 1410 in Ireland
Events from the year 1410 in Ireland.
## Incumbent
- Lord: Henry IV
## Births
- William Welles: English-born statesman and judge in fifteenth-century Ireland
## Deaths
- Domnell mac Áedh Ó Flaithbheartaigh, leader of Iar Connacht and Chief of the Name[1]
|
enwiki/42619689
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enwiki
| 42,619,689 |
1410 in Ireland
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1410_in_Ireland
|
2024-12-22T18:55:29Z
|
en
|
Q16800845
| 140,577 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}{{Use Hiberno-English|date=December 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2024}}
{{YearInIrelandNav|1410}}
Events from the year '''1410 in Ireland'''.
==Incumbent==
*[[Lordship of Ireland|Lord]]: [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]]
==Births==
*[[William Welles]]: English-born statesman and judge in fifteenth-century [[Ireland]]
==Deaths==
* [[Domnell mac Áedh Ó Flaithbheartaigh]], leader of [[Iar Connacht]] and [[Chief of the Name]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annála Connacht |url=https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T100011/index.html |access-date=November 21, 2024 |publisher=CELT: The Corpus of Electronic Texts}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Years in Ireland}}
{{Year in Europe|1410}}
{{Ireland-year-stub}}
| 1,264,635,537 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1409 - 1408 - 1407 - 1406 - 1405": "1410 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Ireland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1411 - 1412 - 1413 - 1414 - 1415", "Centuries": "13th 14th 15th 16th 17th", "Decades": "1390s 1400s 1410s 1420s 1430s", "See also": "Other events of 1410 \u00b7 List of years in Ireland"}}]
| false |
# 1928 in Brazilian football
The following article presents a summary of the 1928 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 27th season of competitive football in the country.
## Campeonato Paulista
In 1928 there were two different editions of the Campeonato Paulista. One was organized by the Associação Paulista de Esportes Atléticos (APEA) while the other one was organized by the Liga de Amadores de Futebol (LAF).
### APEA's Campeonato Paulista
Final Standings
| Position | Team | Points | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | For | Against | Difference |
| -------- | ------------------ | ------ | ------ | --- | ----- | ---- | --- | ------- | ---------- |
| 1 | Corinthians | 21 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 41 | 12 | 29 |
| 2 | Santos | 19 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 42 | 12 | 30 |
| 3 | Palestra Itália-SP | 18 | 12 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 45 | 16 | 29 |
| 4 | Guarani | 11 | 12 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 28 | 24 | 4 |
| 5 | Portuguesa | 7 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 12 | 35 | -23 |
| 6 | Ypiranga-SP | 5 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 15 | 47 | -32 |
| 7 | Sírio | 3 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 7 | 44 | -37 |
| 8 | Comercial-RP | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Comercial-RP matches were canceled, as the club abandoned the competition.
Corinthians declared as the APEA's Campeonato Paulista champions.
### LAF's Campeonato Paulista
Final Standings
| Position | Team | Points | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | For | Against | Difference |
| -------- | ----------------------------- | ------ | ------ | --- | ----- | ---- | --- | ------- | ---------- |
| 1 | SC Internacional de São Paulo | 33 | 22 | 14 | 5 | 3 | 61 | 32 | 29 |
| 2 | Paulistano | 33 | 22 | 15 | 3 | 4 | 61 | 22 | 39 |
| 3 | Hespanha | 30 | 22 | 13 | 4 | 5 | 52 | 38 | 14 |
| 4 | Ponte Preta | 30 | 22 | 13 | 4 | 5 | 60 | 37 | 23 |
| 5 | Atlético Santista | 26 | 22 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 57 | 31 | 26 |
| 6 | AA São Bento | 23 | 22 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 41 | 40 | 1 |
| 7 | Independência | 18 | 22 | 8 | 2 | 12 | 50 | 58 | -8 |
| 8 | Antártica | 18 | 22 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 40 | 54 | -14 |
| 9 | Paulista | 17 | 22 | 7 | 3 | 12 | 29 | 43 | -14 |
| 10 | Germânia | 13 | 22 | 5 | 3 | 14 | 48 | 66 | -18 |
| 11 | União Lapa | 12 | 22 | 5 | 2 | 15 | 28 | 86 | -58 |
| 12 | AA Palmeiras | 11 | 22 | 4 | 3 | 15 | 35 | 55 | -20 |
SC Internacional de São Paulo declared as the LAF's Campeonato Paulista champions.
## State championship champions
| State | Champion | | State | Champion |
| -------------- | ------------------ | | ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Acre | - | | Paraíba | Palmeiras-PB |
| Alagoas | CSA | | Paraná | Britânia |
| Amapá | - | | Pernambuco | Sport Recife |
| Amazonas | Cruzeiro do Sul | | Piauí | - |
| Bahia | Ypiranga-BA | | Rio de Janeiro | Ypiranga |
| Ceará | Fortaleza | | Rio de Janeiro (DF) | America |
| Espírito Santo | América-ES | | Rio Grande do Norte | ABC |
| Goiás | - | | Rio Grande do Sul | Americano-RS |
| Maranhão | Vasco-MA | | Rondônia | - |
| Mato Grosso | - | | Santa Catarina | Avaí |
| Minas Gerais | Palestra Itália-MG | | São Paulo | Corinthians (by APEA) SC Internacional de São Paulo (by LAF) |
| Pará | Paysandu | | Sergipe | Sergipe |
## Other competition champions
| Competition | Champion |
| ------------------------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Campeonato Brasileiro de Seleções Estaduais | Rio de Janeiro (DF) |
## Brazil national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Brazil national football team in official competitions and friendly matches during 1928.
| Date | Opposition | Result | Score | Brazil scorers | Competition |
| ------------- | ---------- | ------ | ----- | --------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| June 24, 1928 | Motherwell | W | 5-0 | Feitiço (4), De Maria | International Friendly (unofficial match) |
|
enwiki/15384084
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enwiki
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1928 in Brazilian football
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_in_Brazilian_football
|
2024-03-17T13:11:39Z
|
en
|
Q4562313
| 51,657 |
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2012}}
{{Infobox football country season
| country = Brazil
| soccer = no
| season = 1928
| division1 =
| champions1 =
| division2 =
| champions2 =
| division3 =
| champions3 =
| division4 =
| champions4 =
| division5 =
| champions5 =
| domestic =
| dchampions =
| domestic2 =
| dchampions2 =
| leaguecup =
| lchampions =
| supercup =
| schampions =
| prevseason = 1927
| nextseason = 1929
| flagicon = yes
}}
The following article presents a summary of the '''1928 [[association football|football (soccer)]] season in [[Brazil]]''', which was the 27th season of competitive football in the country.
==Campeonato Paulista==
In 1928 there were two different editions of the [[Campeonato Paulista]]. One was organized by the Associação Paulista de Esportes Atléticos (APEA) while the other one was organized by the Liga de Amadores de Futebol (LAF).
===APEA's Campeonato Paulista===
'''Final Standings'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Position
!Team
!Points
!Played
!Won
!Drawn
!Lost
!For
!Against
!Difference
|- style="background: gold;"
!1
|[[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]]
|21
|12
|10
|1
|1
|41
|12
|29
|-
!2
|[[Santos Futebol Clube|Santos]]
|19
|12
|9
|1
|2
|42
|12
|30
|-
!3
|[[Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras|Palestra Itália-SP]]
|18
|12
|8
|2
|2
|45
|16
|29
|-
!4
|[[Guarani Futebol Clube|Guarani]]
|11
|12
|5
|1
|6
|28
|24
|4
|-
!5
|[[Associação Portuguesa de Desportos|Portuguesa]]
|7
|12
|3
|1
|8
|12
|35
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>23
|-
!6
|[[Clube Atlético Ypiranga|Ypiranga-SP]]
|5
|12
|2
|1
|9
|15
|47
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>32
|-
!7
|[[Esporte Clube Sírio|Sírio]]
|3
|12
|1
|1
|10
|7
|44
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>37
|-
!8
|[[Comercial Futebol Clube (Ribeirão Preto)|Comercial-RP]]
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|}
<small>[[Comercial Futebol Clube (Ribeirão Preto)|Comercial-RP]] matches were canceled, as the club abandoned the competition.</small>
[[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]] declared as the APEA's Campeonato Paulista champions.
===LAF's Campeonato Paulista===
'''Final Standings'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Position
!Team
!Points
!Played
!Won
!Drawn
!Lost
!For
!Against
!Difference
|- style="background: gold;"
!1
|[[Sport Club Internacional (SP)|SC Internacional de São Paulo]]
|33
|22
|14
|5
|3
|61
|32
|29
|-
!2
|[[Club Athletico Paulistano|Paulistano]]
|33
|22
|15
|3
|4
|61
|22
|39
|-
!3
|[[Jabaquara Atlético Clube|Hespanha]]
|30
|22
|13
|4
|5
|52
|38
|14
|-
!4
|[[Associação Atlética Ponte Preta|Ponte Preta]]
|30
|22
|13
|4
|5
|60
|37
|23
|-
!5
|[[Clube Atlético Santista|Atlético Santista]]
|26
|22
|10
|6
|6
|57
|31
|26
|-
!6
|[[Associação Atlética São Bento|AA São Bento]]
|23
|22
|9
|5
|8
|41
|40
|1
|-
!7
|[[Clube Atlético Independência|Independência]]
|18
|22
|8
|2
|12
|50
|58
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>8
|-
!8
|[[Antártica Futebol Clube|Antártica]]
|18
|22
|6
|6
|10
|40
|54
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>14
|-
!9
|[[Paulista Futebol Clube|Paulista]]
|17
|22
|7
|3
|12
|29
|43
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>14
|-
!10
|[[Esporte Clube Pinheiros|Germânia]]
|13
|22
|5
|3
|14
|48
|66
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>18
|-
!11
|[[União Lapa Futebol Clube|União Lapa]]
|12
|22
|5
|2
|15
|28
|86
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>58
|-
!12
|[[Associação Atlética das Palmeiras|AA Palmeiras]]
|11
|22
|4
|3
|15
|35
|55
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>20
|}
[[Sport Club Internacional (SP)|SC Internacional de São Paulo]] declared as the LAF's Campeonato Paulista champions.
==State championship champions==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!State
!Champion
!
!State
!Champion
|-
|[[Campeonato Acreano|Acre]]
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|
|[[Campeonato Paraibano|Paraíba]]
|[[Palmeiras Sport Club|Palmeiras-PB]]
|-
|[[Campeonato Alagoano|Alagoas]]
|[[Centro Sportivo Alagoano|CSA]]
|
|[[Campeonato Paranaense|Paraná]]
|[[Britânia Sport Club|Britânia]]
|-
|[[Campeonato Amapaense|Amapá]]
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|
|[[Campeonato Pernambucano|Pernambuco]]
|[[Sport Club do Recife|Sport Recife]]
|-
|[[Campeonato Amazonense|Amazonas]]
|[[Cruzeiro do Sul Foot-Ball Club|Cruzeiro do Sul]]
|
|[[Campeonato Piauiense|Piauí]]
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|-
|[[Campeonato Baiano|Bahia]]
|[[Esporte Clube Ypiranga|Ypiranga-BA]]
|
|[[Campeonato Fluminense|Rio de Janeiro]]
|Ypiranga
|-
|[[Campeonato Cearense|Ceará]]
|[[Fortaleza Esporte Clube|Fortaleza]]
|
|[[Campeonato Carioca|Rio de Janeiro (DF)]]
|[[America Football Club (RJ)|America]]
|-
|[[Campeonato Capixaba|Espírito Santo]]
|[[América Futebol Clube (Vitória)|América-ES]]
|
|[[Campeonato Potiguar|Rio Grande do Norte]]
|[[ABC Futebol Clube|ABC]]
|-
|[[Campeonato Goiano|Goiás]]
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|
|[[Campeonato Gaúcho|Rio Grande do Sul]]
|[[Sport Club Americano (RS)|Americano-RS]]
|-
|[[Campeonato Maranhense|Maranhão]]
|[[Vasco da Gama Futebol Clube (MA)|Vasco-MA]]
|
|[[Campeonato Rondoniense|Rondônia]]
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|-
|[[Campeonato Matogrossense|Mato Grosso]]
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|
|[[Campeonato Catarinense|Santa Catarina]]
|[[Avaí Futebol Clube|Avaí]]
|-
|[[Campeonato Mineiro|Minas Gerais]]
|[[Cruzeiro Esporte Clube|Palestra Itália-MG]]
|
|[[Campeonato Paulista|São Paulo]]
|[[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]] (by APEA)<br>[[Sport Club Internacional (SP)|SC Internacional de São Paulo]] (by LAF)
|-
|[[Campeonato Paraense|Pará]]
|[[Paysandu Sport Club|Paysandu]]
|
|[[Campeonato Sergipano|Sergipe]]
|[[Club Sportivo Sergipe|Sergipe]]
|}
==Other competition champions==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Competition
!Champion
|-
|[[Campeonato Brasileiro de Seleções Estaduais]]
|[[Federação de Futebol do Estado do Rio de Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro (DF)]]
|}
==Brazil national team==
The following table lists all the games played by the [[Brazil national football team]] in official competitions and friendly matches during 1928.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
|-
!width=12%|Date
!width=12%|Opposition
!width=1%|Result
!width=7%|Score
!width=26%|Brazil scorers
!width=18%|Competition
|-
|June 24, 1928||{{flagicon|Scotland}} [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]]||W||5-0||[[Feitiço (footballer)|Feitiço]] (4), [[Alexandre De Maria|De Maria]]||[[Exhibition game|International Friendly]] (unofficial match)
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}
* [http://www.rsssfbrasil.com/historical.htm Brazilian competitions at RSSSF]
* [http://www.rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil192332.htm 1928 Brazil national team matches at RSSSF]
{{Seasons in Brazilian football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1928 In Brazilian Football}}
[[Category:1928 in Brazilian football| ]]
[[Category:Seasons in Brazilian football]]
[[Category:1928 in South American football|Brazil]]
| 1,214,190,970 |
[{"title": "Football in Brazil", "data": {"Season": "1928"}}]
| false |
# 1925 Philadelphia Phillies season
The 1925 Philadelphia Phillies season was a season in Major League Baseball. The Phillies finished seventh in the National League with a record of 68 wins and 85 losses.
## Offseason
The Phillies trained in Bradenton, Florida in 1925. Shortly after beginning camp, catcher Butch Henline was named team captain.
## Regular season
### Season standings
| Team | W | L | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --------------------- | -- | -- | ---- | --- | ---- | ---- |
| Pittsburgh Pirates | 95 | 58 | .621 | — | 52–25 | 43–33 |
| New York Giants | 86 | 66 | .566 | 8½ | 47–29 | 39–37 |
| Cincinnati Reds | 80 | 73 | .523 | 15 | 44–32 | 36–41 |
| St. Louis Cardinals | 77 | 76 | .503 | 18 | 48–28 | 29–48 |
| Boston Braves | 70 | 83 | .458 | 25 | 37–39 | 33–44 |
| Brooklyn Robins | 68 | 85 | .444 | 27 | 38–39 | 30–46 |
| Philadelphia Phillies | 68 | 85 | .444 | 27 | 40–37 | 28–48 |
| Chicago Cubs | 68 | 86 | .442 | 27½ | 37–40 | 31–46 |
### Record vs. opponents
| Boston | — | 13–8 | 12–10 | 9–13 | 11–11 | 6–16 | 7–15 | 12–10 |
| Brooklyn | 8–13 | — | 11–11 | 12–10 | 10–12 | 11–11 | 5–17 | 11–11 |
| Chicago | 10–12 | 11–11 | — | 10–12 | 7–15 | 10–12 | 12–10 | 8–14 |
| Cincinnati | 13–9 | 10–12 | 12–10 | — | 9–13 | 16–6 | 8–13 | 12–10 |
| New York | 11–11 | 12–10 | 15–7 | 13–9 | — | 13–8 | 10–12 | 12–9 |
| Philadelphia | 16–6 | 11–11 | 12–10 | 6–16 | 8–13 | — | 8–14 | 7–15 |
| Pittsburgh | 15–7 | 17–5 | 10–12 | 13–8 | 12–10 | 14–8 | — | 14–8 |
| St. Louis | 10–12 | 11–11 | 14–8 | 10–12 | 9–12 | 15–7 | 8–14 | — |
## Player stats
### Batting
#### Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | -------------- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | -- | --- |
| C | Jimmie Wilson | 108 | 335 | 110 | .328 | 3 | 54 |
| 1B | Chicken Hawks | 105 | 320 | 103 | .322 | 5 | 45 |
| 2B | Bernie Friberg | 91 | 304 | 82 | .270 | 5 | 22 |
| SS | Heinie Sand | 148 | 496 | 138 | .278 | 3 | 55 |
| 3B | Clarence Huber | 124 | 436 | 124 | .284 | 5 | 54 |
| OF | Cy Williams | 107 | 314 | 104 | .331 | 13 | 60 |
| OF | George Burns | 88 | 349 | 102 | .292 | 1 | 22 |
| OF | George Harper | 132 | 495 | 173 | .349 | 18 | 97 |
#### Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| ---------------- | --- | --- | --- | ----- | -- | --- |
| Lew Fonseca | 126 | 467 | 149 | .319 | 7 | 60 |
| Freddy Leach | 65 | 292 | 91 | .312 | 5 | 28 |
| Russ Wrightstone | 92 | 286 | 99 | .346 | 14 | 61 |
| Butch Henline | 93 | 263 | 80 | .304 | 8 | 48 |
| Johnny Mokan | 75 | 209 | 69 | .330 | 6 | 42 |
| Wally Kimmick | 70 | 141 | 43 | .305 | 1 | 10 |
| Walter Holke | 39 | 86 | 21 | .244 | 1 | 17 |
| Joe Schultz | 24 | 64 | 22 | .344 | 0 | 8 |
| Lew Wendell | 18 | 26 | 2 | .077 | 0 | 3 |
| George Durning | 5 | 14 | 5 | .357 | 0 | 1 |
| Lenny Metz | 11 | 14 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |
| Benny Meyer | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.000 | 0 | 0 |
### Pitching
#### Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| ----------------- | -- | ----- | -- | -- | ---- | -- |
| Jimmy Ring | 38 | 270.0 | 14 | 16 | 4.37 | 93 |
| Hal Carlson | 35 | 234.0 | 13 | 14 | 4.23 | 80 |
| Clarence Mitchell | 32 | 199.1 | 10 | 17 | 5.28 | 46 |
| Claude Willoughby | 3 | 23.0 | 2 | 1 | 1.96 | 6 |
#### Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| -------------- | -- | ----- | - | -- | ----- | -- |
| Art Decatur | 25 | 128.0 | 4 | 13 | 5.27 | 31 |
| Jack Knight | 33 | 105.1 | 7 | 6 | 6.84 | 19 |
| Huck Betts | 35 | 97.1 | 4 | 5 | 4.55 | 28 |
| Johnny Couch | 34 | 94.1 | 5 | 6 | 5.44 | 11 |
| Ray Pierce | 23 | 90.0 | 5 | 4 | 5.50 | 18 |
| Dutch Ulrich | 21 | 65.0 | 3 | 3 | 3.05 | 29 |
| Dana Fillingim | 5 | 8.2 | 1 | 0 | 10.38 | 2 |
| Roy Crumpler | 3 | 4.2 | 0 | 0 | 7.71 | 1 |
#### Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| -------------- | -- | - | - | -- | ----- | -- |
| Skinny O'Neal | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.30 | 6 |
| Bob Vines | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11.25 | 0 |
| Bill Hubbell | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 |
| Bernie Friberg | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.50 | 1 |
|
enwiki/14090232
|
enwiki
| 14,090,232 |
1925 Philadelphia Phillies season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_Philadelphia_Phillies_season
|
2024-02-22T03:20:27Z
|
en
|
Q4561754
| 126,609 |
{{Short description|Major League Baseball season}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox baseball team season
| name = Philadelphia Phillies
| season = 1925
| misc =
| league = National League
| ballpark = [[Baker Bowl]]
| city = [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]
| owners = [[William Baker (baseball)|William F. Baker]]
| managers = [[Art Fletcher]]
|}}
The '''1925 [[Philadelphia Phillies]] season''' was a season in [[Major League Baseball]]. The Phillies finished seventh in the [[National League (baseball)|National League]] with a record of 68 wins and 85 losses.
== Offseason ==
The Phillies [[spring training|trained]] in [[McKechnie Field|Bradenton, Florida]] in 1925. Shortly after beginning camp, catcher [[Butch Henline]] was named team captain.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sports Briefs |newspaper=Reading Eagle|date=March 10, 1925|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LqohAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GJoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3342,2044633&dq=phillies&hl=en%201925|page=21}}</ref>
== Regular season ==
=== Season standings ===
{{1925 National League standings|highlight=Philadelphia Phillies}}
=== Record vs. opponents ===
{{1925 NL Record vs. opponents|team=PHI}}
=== Roster ===
{| class="toccolours" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color: #0f437c; color: white; text-align: center;" | 1925 Philadelphia Phillies
|-
| colspan="10" style="background-color: #af0039; color: white; text-align: center;" | '''Roster'''
|-
| valign="top" | '''Pitchers'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Huck Betts]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Hal Carlson]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Johnny Couch]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Roy Crumpler]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Art Decatur]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Dana Fillingim]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Bill Hubbell]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Jack Knight (baseball)|Jack Knight]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Clarence Mitchell (baseball)|Clarence Mitchell]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Skinny O'Neal]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Ray Pierce (baseball)|Ray Pierce]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Jimmy Ring]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Dutch Ulrich]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Bob Vines]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Claude Willoughby]]}}
| width="25px" |
| valign="top" | '''Catchers'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Butch Henline]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Lew Wendell]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Jimmie Wilson (baseball)|Jimmie Wilson]]}}
'''Infielders'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Lew Fonseca]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Bernie Friberg]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Chicken Hawks]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Walter Holke]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Clarence Huber]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Wally Kimmick]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Lenny Metz]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Benny Meyer]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Heinie Sand]]}}
| width="25px" |
| valign="top" |'''Outfielders'''
{{MLBplayer||[[George Burns (outfielder)|George Burns]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[George Durning]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[George Harper (outfielder)|George Harper]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Freddy Leach]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Johnny Mokan]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Joe Schultz (outfielder)|Joe Schultz]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Cy Williams]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Russ Wrightstone]]}}
| width="25px" |
| valign="top" | '''Manager'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Art Fletcher]]}}
'''Coaches'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Benny Meyer]]}}
|}
== Player stats ==
=== Batting ===
==== Starters by position ====
''Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%" | Pos
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="16%" | Player
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | G
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | AB
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | H
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | Avg.
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | HR
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | RBI
|- align="center"
| C || [[Jimmie Wilson (baseball)|Jimmie Wilson]] || 108 || 335 || 110 || .328 || 3 || 54
|- align=center
| 1B || [[Chicken Hawks]] || 105 || 320 || 103 || .322 || 5 || 45
|- align=center
| 2B || [[Bernie Friberg]] || 91 || 304 || 82 || .270 || 5 || 22
|- align=center
| SS || [[Heinie Sand]] || 148 || 496 || 138 || .278 || 3 || 55
|- align=center
| 3B || [[Clarence Huber]] || 124 || 436 || 124 || .284 || 5 || 54
|- align=center
| OF || [[Cy Williams]] || 107 || 314 || 104 || .331 || 13 || 60
|- align=center
| OF || [[George Burns (outfielder)|George Burns]] || 88 || 349 || 102 || .292 || 1 || 22
|- align=center
| OF || [[George Harper (outfielder)|George Harper]] || 132 || 495 || 173 || .349 || 18 || 97
|}
==== Other batters ====
''Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="16%" | Player
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | G
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | AB
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | H
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | Avg.
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | HR
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | RBI
|- align="center"
| [[Lew Fonseca]] || 126 || 467 || 149 || .319 || 7 || 60
|- align=center
| [[Freddy Leach]] || 65 || 292 || 91 || .312 || 5 || 28
|- align=center
| [[Russ Wrightstone]] || 92 || 286 || 99 || .346 || 14 || 61
|- align=center
| {{sortname|Butch|Henline}} || 93 || 263 || 80 || .304 || 8 || 48
|- align="center"
| [[Johnny Mokan]] || 75 || 209 || 69 || .330 || 6 || 42
|- align=center
| [[Wally Kimmick]] || 70 || 141 || 43 || .305 || 1 || 10
|- align=center
| [[Walter Holke]] || 39 || 86 || 21 || .244 || 1 || 17
|- align=center
| [[Joe Schultz (outfielder)|Joe Schultz]] || 24 || 64 || 22 || .344 || 0 || 8
|- align=center
| [[Lew Wendell]] || 18 || 26 || 2 || .077 || 0 || 3
|- align=center
| [[George Durning]] || 5 || 14 || 5 || .357 || 0 || 1
|- align=center
| [[Lenny Metz]] || 11 || 14 || 0 || .000 || 0 || 0
|- align=center
| {{sortname|Benny|Meyer}} || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1.000 || 0 || 0
|}
=== Pitching ===
==== Starting pitchers ====
''Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="16%" | Player
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | G
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | IP
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | W
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | L
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | ERA
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | SO
|- align="center"
| [[Jimmy Ring]] || 38 || 270.0 || 14 || 16 || 4.37 || 93
|- align=center
| [[Hal Carlson]] || 35 || 234.0 || 13 || 14 || 4.23 || 80
|- align=center
| [[Clarence Mitchell (baseball)|Clarence Mitchell]] || 32 || 199.1 || 10 || 17 || 5.28 || 46
|- align=center
| [[Claude Willoughby]] || 3 || 23.0 || 2 || 1 || 1.96 || 6
|}
==== Other pitchers ====
''Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="16%" | Player
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | G
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | IP
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | W
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | L
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | ERA
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | SO
|- align="center"
| [[Art Decatur]] || 25 || 128.0 || 4 || 13 || 5.27 || 31
|- align=center
| [[Jack Knight (baseball)|Jack Knight]] || 33 || 105.1 || 7 || 6 || 6.84 || 19
|- align=center
| {{sortname|Huck|Betts}} || 35 || 97.1 || 4 || 5 || 4.55 || 28
|- align="center"
| [[Johnny Couch]] || 34 || 94.1 || 5 || 6 || 5.44 || 11
|- align=center
| [[Ray Pierce (baseball)|Ray Pierce]] || 23 || 90.0 || 5 || 4 || 5.50 || 18
|- align=center
| [[Dutch Ulrich]] || 21 || 65.0 || 3 || 3 || 3.05 || 29
|- align=center
| [[Dana Fillingim]] || 5 || 8.2 || 1 || 0 || 10.38 || 2
|- align=center
| [[Roy Crumpler]] || 3 || 4.2 || 0 || 0 || 7.71 || 1
|}
==== Relief pitchers ====
''Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="16%" | Player
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | G
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | W
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | L
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | SV
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | ERA
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | SO
|- align="center"
| [[Skinny O'Neal]] || 11 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 9.30 || 6
|- align=center
| [[Bob Vines]] || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 11.25 || 0
|- align=center
| [[Bill Hubbell]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.00 || 0
|- align=center
| [[Bernie Friberg]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 4.50 || 1
|}
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1925.shtml 1925 Philadelphia Phillies season at Baseball Reference]
{{1925 MLB season by team}}
{{Philadelphia Phillies}}
[[Category:Philadelphia Phillies seasons]]
[[Category:1925 Major League Baseball season|Philadelphia Phillies season]]
[[Category:1925 in sports in Pennsylvania|Philly]]
[[Category:1925 in Philadelphia]]
{{PhiladelphiaPhillies-season-stub}}
| 1,209,481,205 |
[{"title": "1925 Philadelphia Phillies", "data": {"League": "National League", "Ballpark": "Baker Bowl", "City": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania", "Owners": "William F. Baker", "Managers": "Art Fletcher"}}]
| false |
# 1305 in Scotland
Events from the year 1305 in the Kingdom of Scotland.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: Vacant
## Events
- May – a parliament meets in Perth to elect the Scottish delegation to the Westminster parliament.
- 5 August – John de Menteith, a Scottish knight loyal to King Edward of England, captures William Wallace and turns him over to English soldiers at Robroyston.
- September – parliament meets and spends 20 days drafting an ordinance for Scottish administration.[1] John of Brittany is appointed to serve as Guardian, assisted by a council of 22 Scottish aristocrats.[2]
- Approximate date – Scottish physician Bernard Gordon writes his short treatise Lilium medicinae which will become the first known book by a Scot to be printed (c. 1480 in Paris).
## Deaths
- 23 August – William Wallace, landowner and leader of Scottish resistance. Executed in London.
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Scottish English|date=January 2016}}
{{Year in Scotland| 1305 }}
Events from the year '''1305 in the [[Kingdom of Scotland]]'''.
==Incumbent==
*[[Scottish monarch|Monarch]]: ''Vacant''
==Events==
* May – a parliament meets in [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] to elect the Scottish delegation to the [[Westminster]] parliament.
* 5 August – [[John de Menteith]], a Scottish knight loyal to [[Edward I of England|King Edward of England]], captures [[Sir William Wallace|William Wallace]] and turns him over to English soldiers at [[Robroyston]].
* September – parliament meets and spends 20 days drafting an ordinance for Scottish administration.<ref>{{cite book|first=Peter|last=Traquair|title=Freedom's Sword|url=https://archive.org/details/freedomssword00pete|url-access=registration}}</ref> [[John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond|John of Brittany]] is appointed to serve as Guardian, assisted by a council of 22 Scottish aristocrats.<ref>{{cite book|first=Colm|last=McNamee|title=Robert Bruce: Our Most Valiant Prince, King and Lord}}</ref>
* Approximate date – Scottish physician Bernard Gordon writes his short treatise ''Lilium medicinae'' which will become the first known book by a Scot to be printed (c. 1480 in Paris).
==Deaths==
* 23 August – William Wallace, landowner and leader of Scottish resistance. Executed in London.
==See also==
{{Portal|Scotland}}
* [[Timeline of Scottish history]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Years in Scotland |state=collapsed}}
{{Year in Europe|1305}}
[[Category:1305 in Scotland| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 14th century in Scotland]]
[[Category:Wars of Scottish Independence]]
{{Scotland-hist-stub}}
| 1,226,388,017 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1304 - 1303 - 1302 - 1301 - 1300": "1305 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Scotland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1306 - 1307 - 1308 - 1309 - 1310", "Centuries": "12th 13th 14th 15th 16th", "Decades": "1280s 1290s 1300s 1310s 1320s", "See also": "List of years in Scotland \u00b7 Timeline of Scottish history \u00b7 1305 in: England \u2022 Elsewhere"}}]
| false |
# 1437 in France
Events from the year 1437 in France
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Charles VII[1]
## Events
- 12 November - Charles VII and his son the future Louis XI enter Paris in triumph following its recapture from the English during the Hundred Years War
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en
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Q56292262
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in France header}}
{{One source|date=June 2022}}
Events from the year '''[[1437]] in [[France]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of French monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hourihane |first1=Colum |title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-539536-5 |page=225 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FtlMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA5-PA225 |access-date=31 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
==Events==
* 12 November - [[Charles VII of France|Charles VII]] and his son the future [[Louis XI of France|Louis XI]] enter Paris in triumph following its recapture from the English during the [[Hundred Years War]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{France year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1437}}
[[Category:1430s in France]]
{{Europe-year-stub}}
| 1,245,310,182 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1436 - 1435 - 1434 - 1433 - 1432": "1437 \u00b7 in \u00b7 France \u00b7 \u2192 - 1438 - 1439 - 1440 - 1441 - 1442", "Decades": "1410s 1420s 1430s 1440s 1450s", "See also": "Other events of 1437 \u00b7 History of France \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false |
# 1929 in jazz
This is a timeline documenting events of jazz in 1929.
Jazz musicians born that year included Chet Baker and Joe Pass.
## Standards
- In 1929 the standards "Ain't Misbehavin'", "Black and Blue" and "Honeysuckle Rose" were published.[1]
## Deaths
March
- 15 – Pinetop Smith, American pianist (born 1904).
June
- 2 – Don Murray, American clarinet and saxophone player (born 1904).
August
- 19 – Chris Kelly, American trumpeter (born 1890).
December
- 19 – Blind Lemon Jefferson, American singer, songwriter, and musician (born 1893).
## Births
January
- 1 – Arthur Prysock, American singer (died 1997).
- 4 – Al Dreares, American drummer (died 2011).
- 12 – Rich Matteson, American euphoniumist (died 1993).
- 13 – Joe Pass, American guitarist (died 1994).
- 16 – G. T. Hogan, American drummer (died 2004).
- 20 – Jimmy Cobb, American drummer (died 2020).
- 23 – Harold Ousley, American tenor saxophonist and flautist (died 2015).
- 25 – Benny Golson, American saxophonist (died 2024).
- 28 – Acker Bilk, English clarinettist and vocalist (died 2014).
- 29 – Ed Shaughnessy, American drummer (died 2013).
February
- 7 – Dave Shepherd, English clarinettist (died 2016).
- 13 – Frankie Sakai, Japanese comedian, actor, and musician (died 1996).
- 25
- Sandy Brown, Scottish clarinettist (died 1975).
- Tommy Newsom, American saxophonist (died 2007).
- 27 – Betty Loo Taylor, Hawaii-American pianist (died 2016).
March
- 1 – Eddie Jones, American upright bassist (died 1997).
- 3 – Dupree Bolton, American trumpeter (died 1993).
- 17 – Simon Flem Devold, Norwegian clarinetist and columnist (died 2015).[2]
- 19 – Gene Taylor, American dupright bassist (died 2001).
- 20 – Sonny Russo, American trombonist (died 2013).
- 22 – Fred Anderson, American tenor saxophonist (died 2010).[3]
- 25 – Cecil Taylor, American pianist and poet (died 2018).[4]
- 26 – Maurice Simon, American saxophonist (died 2019).
- 30 – Valdo Williams, Canadian pianist (died 2010).
April
- 4 –Buster Cooper, American trombonist (died 2016).
- 6
- Art Taylor, American drummer (died 1995).
- Edmund Percey, English architect and pianist (died 2014).
- Guylaine Guy, Canadian singer and painter (died 2024).
- 8 – Eiji Kitamura, Japanese clarinetist.
- 17 – James Last, German bassist, composer, and big band leader (died 2015).
- 18 – Walt Levinsky, American clarinetist (died 1999).
- 29 – Ray Barretto, American percussionist (died 2006).
May
- 10 – Mel Lewis, American drummer (died 1990).
- 16 – Betty Carter, American singer and bandleader (died 1998).
- 17 – Karl Drewo, Austrian saxophonist (died 1995).
- 21 – Larance Marable, American drummer (died 2012).
- 23 – Julian Euell, American bassist (died 2019).
- 29 – Sandy Mosse, American saxophonist (died 1983).
June
- 1 – Lennie Niehaus, American alto saxophonist, arranger, and composer (died 2020).
- 2 – Gildo Mahones, American pianist (died 2018).
- 8 – Kenny Clare, English drummer (died 1985).
- 14 – Cy Coleman, American composer and songwriter (died 2004).
July
- 9 – Alex Welsh, Scottish singer, cornetist, and trumpeter (died 1982).
- 13 – Pedro Iturralde, Spanish saxophonist, saxophone teacher and composer (died 2020).
- 14 – Alan Dawson, American drummer (died 1996).
- 17 – Joe Morello, American drummer (died 2011).
- 23 – Danny Barcelona, Filipino-American drummer (died 2007).
- 26 – Charlie Persip, American drummer (died 2020).
August
- 2 – Roy Crimmins, English trombonist and composer (died 2014).
- 5 – John Armatage, English drummer and arranger.
- 6 – Mike Elliott, Jamaican saxophonist.
- 14 – Lorez Alexandria, American singer (died 2001).
- 16 – Bill Evans, American pianist (died 1980).
- 23 – Pete King, British saxophonist (died 2009).
- 29 – Algia Mae Hinton, American guitarist and singer (died 2018).
September
- 6 – Charles Moffett, American drummer (died 1997).
- 7 – Harry South, English pianist, composer, and arranger (died 1990).
- 10 – Prince Lasha, American saxophonist, flautist, and clarinetist (died 2008).
- 17 – Sil Austin, American saxophonist (died 2001).
- 18 – Teddi King, American singer (died 1977).
- 19 – Mel Stewart, American saxophonist and actor (died 2002).
- 20 – Joe Temperley, Scottish saxophonist (died 2016).
- 24 – John Carter, American clarinetist and saxophonist (died 1991).
- 27 – Calvin Jones, American trombonist, bassist, and composer (died 2004).
- 29 – Rolf Kühn, German clarinetist and saxophonist (died 2022).
October
- 2 – Howard Roberts, American guitarist (died 1992).
- 10
- Ayten Alpman, Turkish singer (died 2012).
- Ed Blackwell, American drummer (died 1992).
- 11 - Ludek Hulan, Czech upright bassist (died 1979).
- 19 – Jack Noren, American drummer (died 1990).
- 22 – Giorgio Gaslini, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (died 2014).
- 24 – Dan Morgenstern, German-born American jazz historian (died 2024).
- 27 – Elmon Wright, American trumpeter (died 1984).
November
- 1 – Gabe Baltazar, Asian-American alto saxophonist and woodwind doubler (died 2022).
- 25 – Rusty Bryant, American saxophonist (died 1991).
- 29 – Francy Boland, Belgian composer and pianist (died 2005).
December
- 12 – Toshiko Akiyoshi, Japanese composer, bandleader, and pianist.
- 15 – Barry Harris, American pianist and bandleader (died 2021).
- 18 – Nick Stabulas, American drummer (died 1973).
- 19 – Bob Brookmeyer, American trombonist, pianist, arranger, and bandleader (died 2011).
- 22 – Red Balaban, American tubist and sousaphonist (died 2013).
- 23 – Chet Baker, American trumpeter and singer (died 1988).
- 24 – Noel DaCosta, Nigerian-Jamaican composer and violinist (died 2002).
- 29
- Matt Murphy, American guitarist, The Blues Brothers (died 2018).
- Susie Garrett, African-American singer and actress (died 2002).
Unknown date
- Jacques Denjean, French composer and arranger, Les Double Six (died 1995).
- Yusuf Salim, American pianist and composer (died 2008).
## Bibliography
- The New Real Book, Volume I. Sher Music. 1988. ISBN 0-9614701-4-3.
- The New Real Book, Volume II. Sher Music. 1991. ISBN 0-9614701-7-8.
- The New Real Book, Volume III. Sher Music. 1995. ISBN 1-883217-30-X.
- The Real Book, Volume I (6th ed.). Hal Leonard. 2004. ISBN 0-634-06038-4.
- The Real Book, Volume II (2nd ed.). Hal Leonard. 2007. ISBN 978-1-4234-2452-9.
- The Real Book, Volume III (2nd ed.). Hal Leonard. 2006. ISBN 0-634-06136-4.
- The Real Jazz Book. Warner Bros. ISBN 978-91-85041-36-7.
- The Real Vocal Book, Volume I. Hal Leonard. 2006. ISBN 0-634-06080-5.
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{{Year in music|1929}}
{{Year in jazz
|image = Red Nichols from sheet music.jpg
|caption = [[Red Nichols]] (1905–1965), American jazz cornetist. Sheet music cover for On The Alamo by Gus Kahn & Isham Jones
|decade = 1920s
|standards = 1920s
|prioryear = 1928
|afteryear = 1930
}}
{{Year nav topic5|1929|jazz}}
{{Dynamic list}}
This is a timeline documenting events of '''[[jazz]] in 1929'''.
Jazz musicians born that year included [[Chet Baker]] and [[Joe Pass]].
==Events==
==Standards==
{{see also|List of 1920s jazz standards}}
* In 1929 the standards "[[Ain't Misbehavin' (song)|Ain't Misbehavin']]", "[[Black and Blue (Fats Waller song)|Black and Blue]]" and "[[Honeysuckle Rose (song)|Honeysuckle Rose]]" were published.<ref name="AAJ">{{cite web|url=http://www.allaboutjazz.com/jazz1929.htm|title=History of Jazz Time Line: 1929|publisher=All About Jazz|accessdate=December 2, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415042201/http://www.allaboutjazz.com/jazz1929.htm|archive-date=2011-04-15|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Deaths==
; March
* '''15''' – [[Pinetop Smith]], American pianist (born [[1904 in jazz|1904]]).
; June
* '''2''' – [[Don Murray (clarinetist)|Don Murray]], American clarinet and saxophone player (born [[1904 in jazz|1904]]).
; August
* '''19''' – [[Chris Kelly (jazz)|Chris Kelly]], American trumpeter (born 1890).
; December
* '''19''' – [[Blind Lemon Jefferson]], American singer, songwriter, and musician (born 1893).
==Births==
[[File:Chet Baker (1929–1988).jpg|thumb|[[Chet Baker]], American jazz trumpeter, flugelhorn player and singer, in [[Belgium]] 1983]]
[[File:Joe Pass (jazz).jpg|thumb|[[Joe Pass]] in 1975]]
; January
* '''1''' – [[Arthur Prysock]], American singer (died [[1997 in jazz|1997]]).
* '''4''' – [[Al Dreares]], American drummer (died [[2011 in jazz|2011]]).
* '''12''' – [[Rich Matteson]], American euphoniumist (died [[1993 in jazz|1993]]).
* '''13''' – [[Joe Pass]], American guitarist (died [[1994 in jazz|1994]]).
* '''16''' – [[G. T. Hogan]], American drummer (died [[2004 in jazz|2004]]).
* '''20''' – [[Jimmy Cobb]], American drummer (died [[2020 in jazz|2020]]).
* '''23''' – [[Harold Ousley]], American tenor saxophonist and flautist (died [[2015 in jazz|2015]]).
* '''25''' – [[Benny Golson]], American saxophonist (died [[2024 in jazz|2024]]).
* '''28''' – [[Acker Bilk]], English clarinettist and vocalist (died [[2014 in jazz|2014]]).
* '''29''' – [[Ed Shaughnessy]], American drummer (died [[2013 in jazz|2013]]).
; February
* '''7''' – [[Dave Shepherd]], English clarinettist (died [[2016 in jazz|2016]]).
* '''13''' – [[Frankie Sakai]], Japanese comedian, actor, and musician (died [[1996 in jazz|1996]]).
* '''25'''
** [[Sandy Brown (musician)|Sandy Brown]], Scottish clarinettist (died [[1975 in jazz|1975]]).
** [[Tommy Newsom]], American saxophonist (died [[2007 in jazz|2007]]).
* '''27''' – [[Betty Loo Taylor]], Hawaii-American pianist (died [[2016 in jazz|2016]]).
; March
* '''1''' – [[Eddie Jones (jazz musician)|Eddie Jones]], American upright bassist (died [[1997 in jazz|1997]]).
* '''3''' – [[Dupree Bolton]], American trumpeter (died [[1993 in jazz|1993]]).
* '''17''' – [[Simon Flem Devold]], Norwegian clarinetist and columnist (died [[2015 in jazz|2015]]).<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.smp.no/kultur/article10985504.ece | title=Simon Flem Devold er død | first=Solfrid | last=Vartdal | newspaper=[[Sunnmørsposten]] | date=2015-05-21 | accessdate=2017-04-29}}</ref>
* '''19''' – [[Gene Taylor (bassist)|Gene Taylor]], American dupright bassist (died [[2001 in jazz|2001]]).
* '''20''' – [[Sonny Russo]], American trombonist (died [[2013 in jazz|2013]]).
* '''22''' – [[Fred Anderson (musician)|Fred Anderson]], American tenor saxophonist (died [[2010 in jazz|2010]]).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2010/06/24/tenor-saxophonist-fred-anderson-nurtured-generations-of-chicago-jazz/ | title=Tenor saxophonist Fred Anderson nurtured generations of Chicago jazz | first=Nate | last=Chinen | newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] | date=2010-06-24 | access-date=2016-11-06}}</ref>
* '''25''' – [[Cecil Taylor]], American pianist and poet (died [[2018 in jazz|2018]]).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/06/obituaries/cecil-taylor-dead.html | title=Cecil Taylor, Pianist Who Defied Jazz Orthodoxy, Is Dead at 89 | first=Ben | last=Ratliff | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=2018-04-06 | accessdate=2018-04-09}}</ref>
* '''26''' – [[Maurice James Simon|Maurice Simon]], American saxophonist (died [[2019 in jazz|2019]]).
* '''30''' – [[Valdo Williams]], Canadian pianist (died [[2010 in jazz|2010]]).
; April
* '''4''' –[[Buster Cooper]], American trombonist (died [[2016 in jazz|2016]]).
* '''6'''
** [[Art Taylor]], American drummer (died [[1995 in jazz|1995]]).
** [[Edmund Percey]], English architect and pianist (died [[2014 in jazz|2014]]).
** [[Guylaine Guy]], Canadian singer and painter (died [[2024 in jazz|2024]]).
* '''8''' – [[Eiji Kitamura]], Japanese clarinetist.
* '''17''' – [[James Last]], German bassist, composer, and big band leader (died [[2015 in jazz|2015]]).
* '''18''' – [[Walt Levinsky]], American clarinetist (died [[1999 in jazz|1999]]).
* '''29''' – [[Ray Barretto]], American percussionist (died [[2006 in jazz|2006]]).
; May
* '''10''' – [[Mel Lewis]], American drummer (died [[1990 in jazz|1990]]).
* '''16''' – [[Betty Carter]], American singer and bandleader (died [[1998 in jazz|1998]]).
* '''17''' – [[Karl Drewo]], Austrian saxophonist (died [[1995 in jazz|1995]]).
* '''21''' – [[Larance Marable]], American drummer (died [[2012 in jazz|2012]]).
* '''23''' – [[Julian Euell]], American bassist (died [[2019 in jazz|2019]]).
* '''29''' – [[Sandy Mosse]], American saxophonist (died [[1983 in jazz|1983]]).
; June
* '''1''' – [[Lennie Niehaus]], American alto saxophonist, arranger, and composer (died [[2020 in jazz|2020]]).
* '''2''' – [[Gildo Mahones]], American pianist (died [[2018 in jazz|2018]]).
* '''8''' – [[Kenny Clare]], English drummer (died [[1985 in jazz|1985]]).
* '''14''' – [[Cy Coleman]], American composer and songwriter (died [[2004 in jazz|2004]]).
; July
* '''9''' – [[Alex Welsh]], Scottish singer, cornetist, and trumpeter (died [[1982 in jazz|1982]]).
* '''13''' – [[Pedro Iturralde]], Spanish saxophonist, saxophone teacher and composer (died [[2020 in jazz|2020]]).
* '''14''' – [[Alan Dawson]], American drummer (died [[1996 in jazz|1996]]).
* '''17''' – [[Joe Morello]], American drummer (died [[2011 in jazz|2011]]).
* '''23''' – [[Danny Barcelona]], Filipino-American drummer (died [[2007 in jazz|2007]]).
* '''26''' – [[Charlie Persip]], American drummer (died [[2020 in jazz|2020]]).
; August
* '''2''' – [[Roy Crimmins]], English trombonist and composer (died [[2014 in jazz|2014]]).
* '''5''' – [[John Armatage]], English drummer and arranger.
* '''6''' – [[Mike Elliott (saxophonist)|Mike Elliott]], Jamaican saxophonist.
* '''14''' – [[Lorez Alexandria]], American singer (died [[2001 in jazz|2001]]).
* '''16''' – [[Bill Evans]], American pianist (died [[1980 in jazz|1980]]).
* '''23''' – [[Pete King (saxophonist)|Pete King]], British saxophonist (died [[2009 in jazz|2009]]).
* '''29''' – [[Algia Mae Hinton]], American guitarist and singer (died [[2018 in jazz|2018]]).
; September
* '''6''' – [[Charles Moffett]], American drummer (died [[1997 in jazz|1997]]).
* '''7''' – [[Harry South]], English pianist, composer, and arranger (died [[1990 in jazz|1990]]).
* '''10''' – [[Prince Lasha]], American saxophonist, flautist, and clarinetist (died [[2008 in jazz|2008]]).
* '''17''' – [[Sil Austin]], American saxophonist (died [[2001 in jazz|2001]]).
* '''18''' – [[Teddi King]], American singer (died [[1977 in jazz|1977]]).
* '''19''' – [[Mel Stewart]], American saxophonist and actor (died [[2002 in jazz|2002]]).
* '''20''' – [[Joe Temperley]], Scottish saxophonist (died [[2016 in jazz|2016]]).
* '''24''' – [[John Carter (jazz musician)|John Carter]], American clarinetist and saxophonist (died [[1991 in jazz|1991]]).
* '''27''' – [[Calvin Jones (musician)|Calvin Jones]], American trombonist, bassist, and composer (died [[2004 in jazz|2004]]).
* '''29''' – [[Rolf Kühn]], German clarinetist and saxophonist (died [[2022 in jazz|2022]]).
; October
* '''2''' – [[Howard Roberts]], American guitarist (died [[1992 in jazz|1992]]).
* '''10'''
** [[Ayten Alpman]], Turkish singer (died [[2012 in jazz|2012]]).
** [[Ed Blackwell]], American drummer (died [[1992 in jazz|1992]]).
* '''11''' - [[Ludek Hulan]], Czech upright bassist (died [[1979 in jazz|1979]]).
* '''19''' – [[Jack Noren]], American drummer (died [[1990 in jazz|1990]]).
* '''22''' – [[Giorgio Gaslini]], Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (died [[2014 in jazz|2014]]).
* '''24''' – [[Dan Morgenstern]], German-born American jazz historian (died [[2024 in jazz|2024]]).
* '''27''' – [[Elmon Wright]], American trumpeter (died [[1984 in jazz|1984]]).
; November
* '''1''' – [[Gabe Baltazar]], Asian-American alto saxophonist and woodwind doubler (died [[2022 in jazz|2022]]).
* '''25''' – [[Rusty Bryant]], American saxophonist (died [[1991 in jazz|1991]]).
* '''29''' – [[Francy Boland]], Belgian composer and pianist (died [[2005 in jazz|2005]]).
; December
* '''12''' – [[Toshiko Akiyoshi]], Japanese composer, bandleader, and pianist.
* '''15''' – [[Barry Harris]], American pianist and bandleader (died [[2021 in jazz|2021]]).
* '''18''' – [[Nick Stabulas]], American drummer (died [[1973 in jazz|1973]]).
* '''19''' – [[Bob Brookmeyer]], American trombonist, pianist, arranger, and bandleader (died [[2011 in jazz|2011]]).
* '''22''' – [[Red Balaban]], American tubist and sousaphonist (died [[2013 in jazz|2013]]).
* '''23''' – [[Chet Baker]], American trumpeter and singer (died [[1988 in jazz|1988]]).
* '''24''' – [[Noel DaCosta]], Nigerian-Jamaican composer and violinist (died [[2002 in jazz|2002]]).
* '''29'''
** [[Matt Murphy (blues guitarist)|Matt Murphy]], American guitarist, [[The Blues Brothers]] (died [[2018 in jazz|2018]]).
** [[Susie Garrett]], African-American singer and actress (died [[2002 in jazz|2002]]).
; Unknown date
* [[Jacques Denjean]], French composer and arranger, [[Les Double Six]] (died [[1995 in jazz|1995]]).
* [[Yusuf Salim]], American pianist and composer (died [[2008 in jazz|2008]]).
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|title=[[Real Book#Selected editions|The New Real Book]], Volume I|year=1988|publisher=Sher Music|isbn=0-9614701-4-3|ref=refTheNewRealBookVol1}}
*{{cite book | title=The New Real Book, Volume II | year=1991 | publisher=Sher Music | isbn=0-9614701-7-8|ref=refTheNewRealBookVol2}}
*{{cite book|title=The New Real Book, Volume III|year=1995|publisher=Sher Music|isbn=1-883217-30-X|ref=refTheNewRealBookVol3}}
*{{cite book | title=[[Real Book#History|The Real Book]], Volume I |edition=6th | year=2004 | publisher=Hal Leonard | isbn=0-634-06038-4|ref=refTheRealBookVol1}}
*{{cite book | title=The Real Book, Volume II |edition=2nd | year=2007 | publisher=Hal Leonard | isbn=978-1-4234-2452-9|ref=refTheRealBookVol2}}
*{{cite book | title=The Real Book, Volume III |edition=2nd | year=2006 | publisher=Hal Leonard | isbn=0-634-06136-4|ref=refTheRealBookVol3}}
*{{cite book | title=The Real Jazz Book | publisher=Warner Bros | isbn=978-91-85041-36-7|ref=refTheRealJazzBook}}
*{{cite book | title=[[Real Book#History|The Real Vocal Book]], Volume I | year=2006 | publisher=Hal Leonard | isbn=0-634-06080-5|ref=refTheRealVocalBookVol1}}
==External links==
* [https://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/timeline_year.php?pg=35 History Of Jazz Timeline: 1929] at [[All About Jazz]]
{{Jazz}}
[[Category:1929 in music|Jazz, 1929 In]]
[[Category:Jazz by year]]
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[{"title": "1929 in jazz", "data": {"Decade": "1920s in jazz", "Music": "1929 in music", "Standards": "List of 1920s jazz standards", "See also": "1928 in jazz \u2013 1930 in jazz"}}]
| false |
# 1526 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
## Works published
### Great Britain
- Geoffrey Chaucer, posthumously published:
- The Canterbury Tales, the Pynson edition (see Canturbyry Tales 1477)[1]
- The House of Fame, publication year uncertain, Pynson edition (see also The House of Fame 1483)[1]
- Troilus and Criseyde, publication year uncertain, published anonymously, Pynson edition (see also Troilus and Criseyde 1483)[1]
### Italy
- Giorgio Anselmo, six books of epigrams, octavo volumes, Parma; in Latin[2]
- Teofilo Folengo, writing under the pen name "Limerno Pitocco (Merlin the Beggar) da Mantova", Orlandino, a poem of eight cantos, written in rhymed octaves
- Jacopo Sannazaro:
- De Partu Virginis ("The Virgin's Childbirth"), epic, religious poem[3]
- Piscatoria ("Piscatorial Eclogues"), five books are extant and a fragmentary version of a sixth book[3]
### Other
- Shin Maha Rahtathara, Kogan Pyo, Burma[4]
## Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
- Mahmud Abdülbâkî (محمود عبد الباقى), known by his pen name "Bâḳî" (باقى), Ottoman Turk (died 1600)
- Tani Soyo 谷宗養 (died 1563), Japanese renga poet; a rival of Satomura Joha; son of Tani Sobuko
## Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
- Jean Marot died about this year (born c. 1450), French poet and father of poet Clément Marot
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1526|poetry|literature}}
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, [[Irish poetry|Irish]] or [[French poetry|France]]).
==Events==
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}
==Works published==
===[[English poetry|Great Britain]]===
* [[Geoffrey Chaucer]], posthumously published:
** ''[[The Canterbury Tales]]'', the Pynson edition (see ''Canturbyry Tales'' [[1477 in poetry|1477]])<ref name=cocel>Cox, Michael, editor, ''The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature'', Oxford University Press, 2004, {{ISBN|0-19-860634-6}}</ref>
** ''The House of Fame'', publication year uncertain, Pynson edition (see also ''The House of Fame'' [[1483 in poetry|1483]])<ref name=cocel/>
** ''[[Troilus and Criseyde]]'', publication year uncertain, published anonymously, Pynson edition (see also ''Troilus and Criseyde'' [[1483 in poetry|1483]])<ref name=cocel/>
===[[Italian poetry|Italy]]===
* [[Giorgio Anselmo]], six books of epigrams, octavo volumes, Parma; in [[Latin poetry|Latin]]<ref>Article, [https://books.google.com/books?id=d2EoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA865 "Anselmo, Giorgio"], pp 865–866, Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Great Britain), ''The biographical dictionary of the Society for the diffusion of useful knowledge'', Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1843, p 865 retrieved via Google Books May 23, 2009</ref>
* [[Teofilo Folengo]], writing under the [[pen name]] "Limerno Pitocco (Merlin the Beggar) da Mantova", ''Orlandino'', a poem of eight cantos, written in rhymed octaves
* [[Jacopo Sannazaro]]:
** ''De Partu Virginis'' ("The Virgin's Childbirth"), epic, religious poem<ref name=pbjdil>Bondanella, Peter, and Julia Conaway Bondanella, co-editors, ''Dictionary of Italian Literature'', Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1979</ref>
** ''Piscatoria'' ("Piscatorial Eclogues"), five books are extant and a fragmentary version of a sixth book<ref name=pbjdil/>
===Other===
* [[Shin Maha Rahtathara]], ''Kogan Pyo'', [[Burmese poetry|Burma]]<ref name=gtktwl>Kurian, George Thomas, ''Timetables of World Literature'', New York: Facts on File Inc., 2003, {{ISBN|0-8160-4197-0}}</ref>
==Births==
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* [[Bâkî|Mahmud Abdülbâkî]] (محمود عبد الباقى), known by his [[pen name]] "Bâḳî" (باقى), Ottoman [[Turkish poetry|Turk]] (died [[1600 in poetry|1600]])
* [[Tani Soyo]] 谷宗養 (died [[1563 in poetry|1563]]), [[Japanese poetry|Japanese]] [[renga]] poet; a rival of [[Satomura Joha]]; son of [[Tani Sobuko]]
==Deaths==
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* [[Jean Marot]] died about this year (born c. [[1450 in poetry|1450]]), [[French poetry|French]] poet and father of poet [[Clément Marot]]
==See also==
{{portal|Poetry}}
* [[Poetry]]
* [[16th century in poetry]]
* [[16th century in literature]]
* [[French Renaissance literature]]
* [[Renaissance literature]]
* [[Spanish Renaissance literature]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Poetry of different cultures and languages}}
{{Lists of poets}}
[[Category:16th-century poetry]]
[[Category:1526|Poetry]]
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# 1549 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1549.
## Events
- June 9 – The Booke of the Common Prayer is introduced in churches in England as required by the Act of Uniformity of January 15.[1][2] It results in a Prayer Book Rebellion breaking out in the West Country.[3]
- Sir Donald Monro, Dean of the Isles, produces the original manuscript of the Description of the Western Isles of Scotland (not published until 1582).[4]
- unknown date – The content of the Guildhall Library in the City of London is acquired by Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector of England, for his personal use.[5]
## New books
### Prose
- Joachim du Bellay – La Deffense et illustration de la langue françoyse[6]
- Joannes Bunderius – Compendium concertationis hujus saeculi sapientium et theologorum
- Robert Wedderburn (probable) – The Complaynt of Scotland
### Drama
- Johannes Aal – Johannes der Täufer (John the Baptist)
- Lodovico Dolce
- Fabritia
- Giocasta (translation and adaptation of Euripides' The Phoenician Women)
### Poetry
- See 1549 in poetry
## Births
- March 11 – Hendrik Laurenszoon Spiegel, Dutch philosopher and grammarian (died 1612)
- December 24 – Kaspar Ulenberg, theologian and Bible translator (died 1617)[7]
- unknown dates
- Pietro Alagona, Italian theologian (died 1624)
- Nikola Vitov Gučetić, Croatian statesman, philosopher and science writer (died 1610)[8]
- Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas, Spanish historian (died 1626)[9]
- Thomas Stephens, Jesuit writer and linguist (died 1619)[10]
## Deaths
- January 23 – Johannes Honter, Romanian humanist theologian (born 1498)[11]
- January 28 – Elia Levita, Hebrew grammarian, scholar and poet (born 1469)
- March 25 – Veit Dietrich, German theologian (born 1506)[12]
- April – Andrew Boorde, traveller, physician and writer (born 1490)
- August – Jacob Ziegler, humanist and theologian (born c.1470)
- November 25 – Jean de Gagny, French theologian[13]
- December 21 – Marguerite de Navarre, French princess, poet, playwright and short story writer (born 1492)[14]
- unknown date – Daniel Bomberg, Flemish printer (born c.1483)[15]
- probable – Leonard Cox, humanist scholar and rhetorician (born c. 1495)[16]
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1549|literature}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2020}}
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of '''1549'''.
==Events==
*[[June 9]] – The [[Book of Common Prayer|Booke of the Common Prayer]] is introduced in churches in [[Kingdom of England|England]] as required by the [[Act of Uniformity 1549|Act of Uniformity]] of January 15.<ref name=POTD>{{Cite book |title=Penguin Pocket On This Day |publisher=Penguin Reference Library |isbn=0-14-102715-0 |year=2006}}</ref><ref name=CBH>{{Cite book |last1=Palmer |first1=Alan |last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica |year=1992 |title=The Chronology of British History |publisher=Century Ltd |location=London |pages=147–150 |isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> It results in a [[Prayer Book Rebellion]] breaking out in the [[West Country]].<ref name=CC>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Hywel |title=Cassell's Chronology of World History |url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/215 |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |year=2005 |isbn=0-304-35730-8 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/215 215–218]}}</ref>
*[[Donald Monro (priest)|Sir Donald Monro]], Dean of the Isles, produces the original manuscript of the ''[[Description of the Western Isles of Scotland]]'' (not published until 1582).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ross |first=Alexander |title=The Reverend Donald Munro, M.A., High Dean of the Isles |journal=The Celtic Magazine |volume=9 |year=1884 |pages=142–144}}</ref>
*''unknown date'' – The content of the [[Guildhall Library]] in the [[City of London]] is acquired by [[Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset]], [[Lord Protector]] of England, for his personal use.<ref>{{cite book|author=Emma Smith|title=The Elizabethan Top Ten: Defining Print Popularity in Early Modern England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=junOCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT109|date=23 March 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-03444-5|pages=109}}</ref>
==New books==
===Prose===
*[[Joachim du Bellay]] – ''La Deffense et illustration de la langue françoyse''<ref>{{cite book|author1=Denis Hollier|author2=R. Howard Bloch|title=A New History of French Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nGQOodBVG9YC&pg=PA194|year=1994|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-61566-3|pages=194}}</ref>
*[[Joannes Bunderius]] – ''Compendium concertationis hujus saeculi sapientium et theologorum''
*[[Robert Wedderburn (poet)|Robert Wedderburn]] (probable) – ''[[The Complaynt of Scotland]]''
===Drama===
*[[Johannes Aal]] – ''Johannes der Täufer'' (John the Baptist)
*[[Lodovico Dolce]]
**''Fabritia''
**''Giocasta'' (translation and adaptation of [[Euripides]]' ''[[The Phoenician Women]]'')
===Poetry===
*''See [[1549 in poetry]]''
==Births==
*[[March 11]] – [[Hendrik Laurenszoon Spiegel]], Dutch philosopher and grammarian (died [[1610 in literature|1612]])
*[[December 24]] – [[Kaspar Ulenberg]], theologian and Bible translator (died [[1617 in literature|1617]])<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Kaspar Ulenberg}}</ref>
*''unknown dates''
**[[Pietro Alagona]], Italian theologian (died [[1624 in literature|1624]])
**[[Nikola Vitov Gučetić]], Croatian statesman, philosopher and science writer (died [[1610 in literature|1610]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Brücke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UFrlAAAAMAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Društvo književnika Hrvatske|page=16}}</ref>
**[[Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas]], Spanish historian (died [[1626 in literature|1626]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Howard F. Cline|author2=John B. Glass|title=Handbook of Middle American Indians, Volume 13: Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, Part Two|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eQNlCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA240|date=1 January 1974|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-1-4773-0683-3|pages=240}}</ref>
**[[Thomas Stephens (Jesuit)|Thomas Stephens]], Jesuit writer and linguist (died [[1610 in literature|1619]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Manohararāya Saradesāya|title=A History of Konkani Literature: From 1500 to 1992|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1YILeUD_oZUC&pg=PA34|year=2000|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-664-7|pages=34}}</ref>
==Deaths==
*[[January 23]] – [[Johannes Honter]], Romanian humanist theologian (born [[1498 in literature|1498]])<ref>{{cite book|editor=Hans Joachim Hillerbrand|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1996|page=240}}</ref>
*[[January 28]] – [[Elia Levita]], Hebrew grammarian, scholar and poet (born [[1469 in literature|1469]])
*[[March 25]] – [[Veit Dietrich]], German theologian (born [[1506 in literature|1506]])<ref>{{NDB|3|699|699|Dietrich, Veit|Hans Reuther}}</ref>
*April – [[Andrew Boorde]], traveller, physician and writer (born [[1490 in literature|1490]])
*August – [[Jacob Ziegler]], humanist and theologian (born c.1470)
*[[November 25]] – [[Jean de Gagny]], French theologian<ref>{{cite book|title=Bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de Paris et de l'Ile-de-France|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B3eXKsjtz5IC|year=1888|publisher=Ecole nationale des Chartes|page=12}}</ref>
*[[December 21]] – [[Marguerite de Navarre]], French princess, poet, playwright and short story writer (born [[1492 in literature|1492]])<ref>{{cite book|title=A Companion to Marguerite de Navarre|publisher=Brill|year=2013|ISBN=9789004250505|page=16}}</ref>
*''unknown date'' – [[Daniel Bomberg]], Flemish printer (born c.1483)<ref>{{cite book|author=Israel Zinberg|title=A History of Jewish Literature: Italian Jewry in the Renaissance era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a31VbagQR70C&pg=PA53|year=1972|publisher=KTAV Publishing House, Inc.|isbn=978-0-87068-240-7|pages=53}}</ref>
*''probable'' – [[Leonard Cox]], humanist scholar and rhetorician (born c. 1495)<ref>{{cite book|author=Rob Williams|title=A biographical dictionary of eminent Welshmen., from the earliest times to the present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7NM5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA84|year=1852|publisher=W. Rees|pages=84}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Year in literature article categories}}
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# 1487 in Ireland
Events from the year 1487 in Ireland.
## Incumbent
- Lord: Henry VII
## Events
- May 24 – Lambert Simnel is crowned "King Edward VI" in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin.[1]
## Births
- Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare (d. 1534)
## Deaths
- Sigraid Ó Maolconaire, Irish Ruler.
- James FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Desmond, murdered.
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{YearInIrelandNav | 1487 }}
Events from the year '''1487 in Ireland'''.
==Incumbent==
*[[Lord of Ireland|Lord]]: [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]]
==Events==
*[[May 24]] – [[Lambert Simnel]] is crowned "King Edward VI" in [[Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin]].<ref>{{cite book | editor1=Moody, TW | editor2=Martin, FX | year=1967 |title=The Course of Irish History | publisher=The Mercier Press | location=Cork, Ireland | pages=370}}</ref>
==Births==
*[[Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare]] (d. [[1534 in Ireland|1534]])
==Deaths==
* [[Sigraid Ó Maolconaire]], [[Ollamh Síol Muireadaigh|Irish Ruler]].
* [[James FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Desmond]], murdered.
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Years in Ireland}}
{{Year in Europe|1487}}
[[Category:1480s in Ireland]]
[[Category:1487 by country|Ireland]]
[[Category:Years of the 15th century in Ireland]]
{{Ireland-year-stub}}
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[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1486 - 1485 - 1484 - 1483 - 1482": "1487 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Ireland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1488 - 1489 - 1490 - 1491 - 1492", "Centuries": "13th 14th 15th 16th 17th", "Decades": "1460s 1470s 1480s 1490s 1500s", "See also": "Other events of 1487 \u00b7 List of years in Ireland"}}]
| false |
# 1930 Campeonato Carioca
The 1930 Campeonato Carioca, the 25th edition of that championship, kicked off on April 6, 1930 and ended on December 28, 1930. It was organized by AMEA (Associação Metropolitana de Esportes Atléticos, or Metropolitan Athletic Sports Association). Eleven teams participated. Botafogo won the title for the 4th time. No teams were relegated.
## Participating teams
| Club | Home location | Previous season |
| --------------- | ----------------------------- | --------------- |
| América | Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro | 2nd |
| Andarahy | Andaraí, Rio de Janeiro | 8th |
| Bangu | Bangu, Rio de Janeiro | 5th |
| Bonsucesso | Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro | 7th |
| Botafogo | Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro | 6th |
| Brasil | Urca, Rio de Janeiro | 11th |
| Flamengo | Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro | 10th |
| Fluminense | Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro | 4th |
| São Cristóvão | São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro | 3rd |
| Syrio e Libanez | Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro | 9th |
| Vasco da Gama | São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro | 1st |
## System
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.
## Championship
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --------------- | --- | -- | - | -- | -- | -- | --- | --- | ------------------------------------------- |
| 1 | Botafogo | 20 | 15 | 2 | 3 | 60 | 30 | +30 | 32 | Champions |
| 2 | Vasco da Gama | 20 | 14 | 3 | 3 | 42 | 16 | +26 | 31 | |
| 3 | América | 20 | 11 | 5 | 4 | 47 | 33 | +14 | 27 | |
| 4 | Bangu | 20 | 12 | 2 | 6 | 55 | 33 | +22 | 26 | |
| 5 | São Cristóvão | 20 | 12 | 2 | 6 | 48 | 33 | +15 | 26 | |
| 6 | Fluminense | 20 | 10 | 3 | 7 | 39 | 36 | +3 | 23 | |
| 7 | Syrio e Libanez | 20 | 7 | 2 | 11 | 37 | 46 | −9 | 16 | Left the league after the end of the season |
| 8 | Flamengo | 20 | 6 | 0 | 14 | 37 | 41 | −4 | 12 | |
| 9 | Bonsucesso | 20 | 3 | 4 | 13 | 31 | 51 | −20 | 10 | |
| 10 | Andarahy | 20 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 27 | 53 | −26 | 9 | |
| 11 | Brasil | 20 | 3 | 2 | 15 | 25 | 78 | −53 | 8 | |
|
enwiki/61496956
|
enwiki
| 61,496,956 |
1930 Campeonato Carioca
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_Campeonato_Carioca
|
2024-01-08T06:58:37Z
|
en
|
Q16483007
| 62,359 |
{{Infobox football league season
|competition = [[Campeonato Carioca]]
|season = [[1930 in Brazilian football|1930]]
|winners = [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]]
|relegated =
|continentalcup1 =
|continentalcup1 qualifiers =
|continentalcup2 =
|continentalcup2 qualifiers =
|league topscorer = [[Ladislau da Guia]] ([[Bangu Atlético Clube|Bangu]]) [[Preguinho]] ([[Fluminense Football Club|Fluminense]]) – 20 goals
|biggest home win = [[Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]] 6-0 [[Fluminense Football Club|Fluminense]] (November 9, 1930)
|biggest away win = [[Sport Club Brasil|Brasil]] 1-11 [[Clube de Regatas do Flamengo|Flamengo]] (May 25, 1930)
|highest scoring = [[Sport Club Brasil|Brasil]] 1-11 [[Clube de Regatas do Flamengo|Flamengo]] (May 25, 1930)
|matches = 110
|total goals = 448
|longest wins =
|longest unbeaten =
|longest winless =
|longest losses =
|highest attendance =
|lowest attendance =
|prevseason = [[1929 Campeonato Carioca|1929]]
|nextseason = [[1931 Campeonato Carioca|1931]]
}}
The 1930 '''[[Campeonato Carioca]]''', the 25th edition of that championship, kicked off on April 6, 1930 and ended on December 28, 1930. It was organized by AMEA (''Associação Metropolitana de Esportes Atléticos'', or Metropolitan Athletic Sports Association). Eleven teams participated. [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]] won the title for the 4th time. No teams were relegated.<ref name="rsssfbrasil">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsssfbrasil.com/tablesr/rj1930.htm|title=RSSSF – Championship of Rio de Janeiro 1930|accessdate=August 12, 2019}}</ref><ref name="futebolnacional">{{cite web|url=https://futebolnacional.com.br/infobol/championship.jsp?code=47ADD315B614BE0907BEFB7D597F2E1A&lang=pt_br|title=Futebolnacional.com.br – Championship of Rio de Janeiro 1930|accessdate=August 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107024929/http://www.futebolnacional.com.br/infobol/championship.jsp?code=47ADD315B614BE0907BEFB7D597F2E1A&lang=pt_br|archive-date=November 7, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Participating teams ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Club !! Home location !! Previous season
|-
| [[America Football Club (Rio de Janeiro)|América]] || [[Tijuca]], Rio de Janeiro || {{center|2nd}}
|-
| [[Andarahy Athletico Club|Andarahy]] || [[Andaraí, Rio de Janeiro]] || {{center|8th}}
|-
| [[Bangu Atlético Clube|Bangu]] || [[Bangu, Rio de Janeiro]] || {{center|5th}}
|-
| [[Bonsucesso Futebol Clube|Bonsucesso]] || [[Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro]] || {{center|7th}}
|-
| [[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]] || [[Botafogo]], Rio de Janeiro || {{center|6th}}
|-
| [[Sport Club Brasil|Brasil]] || [[Urca]], Rio de Janeiro || {{center|11th}}
|-
| [[Clube de Regatas do Flamengo|Flamengo]] || [[Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro]] || {{center|10th}}
|-
| [[Fluminense Football Club|Fluminense]] || [[Laranjeiras]], Rio de Janeiro || {{center|4th}}
|-
| [[São Cristóvão de Futebol e Regatas|São Cristóvão]] || [[Imperial de São Cristóvão|São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro]] || {{center|3rd}}
|-
| [[Syrio e Libanez Athletico Club|Syrio e Libanez]] || [[Tijuca]], Rio de Janeiro || {{center|9th}}
|-
| [[Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]] || [[Imperial de São Cristóvão|São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro]] || {{center|1st}}
|-
|}
== System ==
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.<ref name="futebolnacional"/><ref name="rsssfbrasil"/>
== Championship ==
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|update=December 28, 1930
|res_col_header=QR
|team6=FLU|name_FLU=[[Fluminense Football Club|Fluminense]]
|team8=FLA|name_FLA=[[Clube de Regatas Flamengo|Flamengo]]
|team3=AME|name_AME=[[America Football Club (RJ)|América]]
|team4=BAN|name_BAN=[[Bangu Atlético Clube|Bangu]]
|team2=VAS|name_VAS=[[Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]]
|team5=SCR|name_SCR=[[São Cristóvão de Futebol e Regatas|São Cristóvão]]
|team1=BOT|name_BOT=[[Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas|Botafogo]]
|team10=AND|name_AND=[[Andarahy Athletico Club|Andarahy]]
|team9=BON|name_BON=[[Bonsucesso Futebol Clube|Bonsucesso]]
|team11=BRA|name_BRA=[[Sport Club Brasil|Brasil]]
|team7=SLI|name_SLI=[[Syrio e Libanez Athletico Club|Syrio e Libanez]]
|win_SLI=7 |draw_SLI=2 |loss_SLI=11|gf_SLI=37|ga_SLI=46
|win_BRA=3 |draw_BRA=2 |loss_BRA=15|gf_BRA=25|ga_BRA=78
|win_BON=3 |draw_BON=4 |loss_BON=13|gf_BON=31|ga_BON=51
|win_AND=3 |draw_AND=3 |loss_AND=14|gf_AND=27|ga_AND=53
|win_BOT=15|draw_BOT=2 |loss_BOT=3 |gf_BOT=60|ga_BOT=30
|win_SCR=12|draw_SCR=2 |loss_SCR=6 |gf_SCR=48|ga_SCR=33
|win_BAN=12|draw_BAN=2 |loss_BAN=6 |gf_BAN=55|ga_BAN=33
|win_FLA=6 |draw_FLA=0 |loss_FLA=14|gf_FLA=37|ga_FLA=41
|win_AME=11|draw_AME=5 |loss_AME=4 |gf_AME=47|ga_AME=33
|win_VAS=14|draw_VAS=3 |loss_VAS=3 |gf_VAS=42|ga_VAS=16
|win_FLU=10|draw_FLU=3 |loss_FLU=7 |gf_FLU=39|ga_FLU=36
|winpoints=2
|col_C=green1|text_C=Champions
|result1=C
|col_X=black1|text_X=Left the league after the end of the season
|result7=X
|class_rules=1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) wins; 4) number of goals scored.
|source=[http://www.rsssfbrasil.com/tablesr/rj1930.htm RSSSF.com]
}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Campeonato Carioca seasons}}
[[Category:Campeonato Carioca seasons]]
[[Category:1930 in Brazilian football leagues|Carioca]]
| 1,194,294,140 |
[{"title": "Campeonato Carioca", "data": {"Season": "1930", "Champions": "Botafogo", "Matches played": "110", "Goals scored": "448 (4.07 per match)", "Top goalscorer": "Ladislau da Guia (Bangu) Preguinho (Fluminense) \u2013 20 goals", "Biggest home win": "Vasco da Gama 6-0 Fluminense (November 9, 1930)", "Biggest away win": "Brasil 1-11 Flamengo (May 25, 1930)", "Highest scoring": "Brasil 1-11 Flamengo (May 25, 1930)"}}]
| false |
# 16-inch/45-caliber gun
The 16"/45 caliber gun (spoken "sixteen-inch-forty-five-caliber") was used for the main batteries of the last class of Standard-type battleships for the United States Navy, the Colorado-class. These guns promised twice the muzzle energy over the Mark 7 12-inch/50 caliber guns of the Wyoming-class battleship and a 50% increase over the 14-inch/45 caliber guns of the New York-class, Nevada-class, and Pennsylvania-class battleships.
## Design
The 16-inch gun was a built-up gun constructed in a length of 45 calibers. The Mark 1 had an A tube, jacket, liner, and seven hoops, four locking rings and a screw-box liner. When the gun was designed in August 1913 it was referred to as the "Type Gun (45 Cal.)" as an effort to conceal the gun's true size of 16 inches. Gun No. 1, the prototype, was proof fired in July 1914, less than a year after it was designed. After some minor changes the gun was re-proofed in May 1916 with production approved in January 1917, for Gun Nos. 2–41. Bethlehem Steel was given a contract for 20 guns and an additional 20 castings were ordered from Watervliet Arsenal for assembly at the US Naval Gun Factory at the Washington Navy Yard.
### Upgrade
The Mark 1 guns were upgraded to Marks 5 and 8 in the late 1930s. The Mark 5s have a larger chamber to permit larger charges and a new liner with a heavier taper carbon steel along with a liner locking ring and locking collar. The Mark 8, similar to the Mark 5, had a uniform rifling with a chromium plated bore for increased life.
## Naval service
| Ship | Gun Installed | Gun Mount |
| --------------------------------------- | -------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| USS Colorado (BB-45) | Guns: 16"/45 caliber | Turrets: 4 × Two-gun turrets |
| USS Maryland (BB-46) | Guns: 16"/45 caliber | Turrets: 4 × Two-gun turrets |
| USS Washington (BB-47) (cancelled 1922) | Guns: 16"/45 caliber | Turrets: 4 × Two-gun turrets |
| USS West Virginia (BB-48) | Guns: 16"/45 caliber | Turrets: 4 × Two-gun turrets |
### Weapons of comparable role, performance and era
- 16-inch/45-caliber Mark 6 gun : successor designed just before WWII
- BL 16 inch Mk I naval gun : British equivalent
- 41 cm/45 3rd Year Type naval gun : Japanese equivalent
|
enwiki/50763587
|
enwiki
| 50,763,587 |
16-inch/45-caliber gun
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16-inch/45-caliber_gun
|
2024-06-16T02:58:20Z
|
en
|
Q4029006
| 53,638 |
{{Infobox weapon
|name=16"/45 caliber Mark 1, 5, and 8
|image=USS Colorado (BB-45) overhead view 1932.jpg
|caption={{USS|Colorado|BB-45}}, steams through rough seas, circa 1932, with her 16"/45 caliber gun turrets aimed to starboard.
|origin= United States
|type=[[Naval gun]]
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_ranged=YES
|is_bladed=
|is_explosive=
|is_artillery=YES
|is_vehicle=
<!-- Service history -->
|service= 1921–1947
|used_by= [[United States Navy]]
|wars= [[World War II]]
<!-- Production history -->
|designer=[[Bureau of Ordnance]]
|design_date=*Mark 1: 1913
*Mark 5: 1935
|manufacturer=*[[Washington Navy Yard|U.S. Naval Gun Factory]]
*[[Bethlehem Steel]]
*[[Watervliet Arsenal]]
|unit_cost=
|production_date=1914–1920
|number=* Type Gun (45 cal): 1 (prototype)
* Mark 1: 40 (Gun Nos. 2–41)
|variants=Marks 1, 5, and 8
<!-- General specifications -->
|weight=*{{convert|230948|lb|kg|abbr=on}} (without breech)
*{{convert|235796|lb|kg|abbr=on}} (with breech)
|length= {{convert|61|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on}}
|part_length= {{convert|60|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}} bore (45 [[Caliber#Caliber as measurement of length|calibers]])
|width=
|height=
|crew=
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
|cartridge=*AP Mark 3: {{convert|2110|lb|kg|abbr=on}} [[Armour-piercing shell|armor-piercing (AP)]] (Mark 1 gun)
*AP Mark 5: {{convert|2240|lb|kg|abbr=on}} AP (Mark 5 and 8 guns)
*HC Marks 13 and 14: {{convert|1900|lb|kg|abbr=on}} [[Shell (projectile)#High-explosive shells|High explosive (HC)]] (Mark 5 and 8 guns)
|caliber={{convert|16|in|mm|sigfig=3}}
|action=
|rate= 1.5 round per minute
|velocity=*AP Mark 3: {{convert|2,600|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}
*AP Mark 5: {{convert|2520|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} Full Charge
*HC Marks 13 and 14: {{convert|2635|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} Full Charge
*AP Mark 5: {{convert|1935|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} Reduced Charge
*HC Marks 13 and 14: {{convert|2075|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} Reduced Charge
|range=*AP Mark 3: {{convert|22900|yd|m|0|adj=on}} at 15° elevation
*AP Mark 5: {{convert|23000|yd|m|0|adj=on}} at 15° elevation
|max_range=*AP Mark 3: {{convert|34300|yd|m|0|adj=on}} at 30° elevation
*AP Mark 5: {{convert|35000|yd|m|0|adj=on}} at 30° elevation
|feed=
|sights=
<!-- Artillery specifications -->
|breech=
|recoil=
|carriage=
|elevation=-4° to +30°
|traverse=300° max/280° min
}}
The '''16"/45 caliber gun''' (spoken "sixteen-inch-forty-five-caliber") was used for the main batteries of the last class of [[Standard-type battleship]]s for the [[United States Navy]], the {{sclass|Colorado|battleship|0}}. These guns promised twice the muzzle energy over the [[12"/50 caliber Mark 7 gun|Mark 7 12-inch/50 caliber guns]] of the {{sclass|Wyoming|battleship}} and a 50% increase over the [[14"/45 caliber gun|14-inch/45 caliber guns]] of the {{sclass|New York|battleship|0}}, {{sclass|Nevada|battleship|0}}, and {{sclass|Pennsylvania|battleship}}s.<ref name="navweaps">{{cite web |url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_16-45_mk1.php|title=United States of America 16"/45 (40.6 cm) Mark 1|publisher=Navweaps |date=22 April 2015 |accessdate=9 June 2016}}</ref>
==Design==
The 16-inch gun was a [[built-up gun]] constructed in a length of 45 [[Caliber (artillery)|caliber]]s. The Mark 1 had an A tube, jacket, liner, and seven [[Hoop gun|hoops]], four locking rings and a screw-box liner. When the gun was designed in August 1913 it was referred to as the "Type Gun (45 Cal.)" as an effort to conceal the gun's true size of 16 inches. Gun No. 1, the prototype, was proof fired in July 1914, less than a year after it was designed. After some minor changes the gun was re-proofed in May 1916 with production approved in January 1917, for Gun Nos. 2–41. [[Bethlehem Steel]] was given a contract for 20 guns and an additional 20 castings were ordered from [[Watervliet Arsenal]] for assembly at the [[Naval Gun Factory|US Naval Gun Factory]] at the Washington Navy Yard.<ref name="navweaps" /><ref name="friedman">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yh3OAwAAQBAJ | title=Naval Weapons of World War One | publisher=Seaforth Publishing | author=Friedman, Norman | year=2011 | pages=157–158 | isbn=978-1-84832-100-7}}</ref>
===Upgrade===
The Mark 1 guns were upgraded to Marks 5 and 8 in the late 1930s. The Mark 5s have a larger chamber to permit larger charges and a new liner with a heavier taper [[carbon steel]] along with a liner locking ring and locking collar. The Mark 8, similar to the Mark 5, had a uniform rifling with a [[chromium]] plated bore for increased life.<ref name="navweaps" /><ref name="navweaps2">{{cite web |url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_16-45_mk5.htm|title=United States of America 16"/45 (40.6 cm) Mark 5 and Mark 8 |publisher=Navweaps |date=4 May 2015 |accessdate=9 June 2016}}</ref>
==Naval service==
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ Ships with 16-inch/45-caliber gun installed
|-
! scope="col" | Ship
! scope="col" | Gun Installed
! scope="col" | Gun Mount
|-
! scope="row" | {{USS|Colorado|BB-45}}
|Guns: 16"/45 caliber
|Turrets: 4 × Two-gun turrets
|-
! scope="row" | {{USS|Maryland|BB-46}}
|Guns: 16"/45 caliber
|Turrets: 4 × Two-gun turrets
|-
! scope="row" | {{USS|Washington|BB-47}} (cancelled 1922)
|Guns: 16"/45 caliber
|Turrets: 4 × Two-gun turrets
|-
! scope="row" | {{USS|West Virginia|BB-48}}
|Guns: 16"/45 caliber
|Turrets: 4 × Two-gun turrets
|}
==See also==
* [[List of naval guns]]
===Weapons of comparable role, performance and era===
* [[16-inch/45-caliber Mark 6 gun]] : successor designed just before WWII
* [[BL 16 inch Mk I naval gun]] : British equivalent
* [[41 cm/45 3rd Year Type naval gun]] : Japanese equivalent
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.gwpda.org/naval/usn14gun.htm Bluejackets Manual, 1917, 4th revision: US Navy 14-inch Mark 1 gun]
{{WWIIUSNavalWeapons}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:16 45 Caliber Gun}}
[[Category:Naval guns of the United States]]
[[Category:400 mm artillery]]
[[Category: Military equipment introduced in the 1920s]]
| 1,229,309,375 |
[{"title": "16\"/45 caliber Mark 1, 5, and 8", "data": {"Type": "Naval gun", "Place of origin": "United States"}}, {"title": "Service history", "data": {"In service": "1921\u20131947", "Used by": "United States Navy", "Wars": "World War II"}}, {"title": "Production history", "data": {"Designer": "Bureau of Ordnance", "Designed": "- Mark 1: 1913 - Mark 5: 1935", "Manufacturer": "- U.S. Naval Gun Factory - Bethlehem Steel - Watervliet Arsenal", "Produced": "1914\u20131920", "No. built": "- Type Gun (45 cal): 1 (prototype) - Mark 1: 40 (Gun Nos. 2\u201341)", "Variants": "Marks 1, 5, and 8"}}, {"title": "Specifications", "data": {"Mass": "- 230,948 lb (104,756 kg) (without breech) - 235,796 lb (106,955 kg) (with breech)", "Length": "61 ft 4 in (18.69 m)", "Barrel length": "60 ft 0 in (18.29 m) bore (45 calibers)", "Shell": "- AP Mark 3: 2,110 lb (960 kg) armor-piercing (AP) (Mark 1 gun) - AP Mark 5: 2,240 lb (1,020 kg) AP (Mark 5 and 8 guns) - HC Marks 13 and 14: 1,900 lb (860 kg) High explosive (HC) (Mark 5 and 8 guns)", "Caliber": "16 inches (406 mm)", "Elevation": "-4\u00b0 to +30\u00b0", "Traverse": "300\u00b0 max/280\u00b0 min", "Rate of fire": "1.5 round per minute", "Muzzle velocity": "- AP Mark 3: 2,600 ft/s (790 m/s) - AP Mark 5: 2,520 ft/s (770 m/s) Full Charge - HC Marks 13 and 14: 2,635 ft/s (803 m/s) Full Charge - AP Mark 5: 1,935 ft/s (590 m/s) Reduced Charge - HC Marks 13 and 14: 2,075 ft/s (632 m/s) Reduced Charge", "Effective firing range": "- AP Mark 3: 22,900-yard (20,940 m) at 15\u00b0 elevation - AP Mark 5: 23,000-yard (21,031 m) at 15\u00b0 elevation", "Maximum firing range": "- AP Mark 3: 34,300-yard (31,364 m) at 30\u00b0 elevation - AP Mark 5: 35,000-yard (32,004 m) at 30\u00b0 elevation"}}]
| false |
# 1549 in art
Events from the year 1549 in art.
## Events
- Sculptor Hans Vischer, the last of the Vischer Family of Nuremberg, leaves the city.
## Works
- Bartolommeo Bandinelli - God the Father (statue), in the cloister of Santa Croce, Florence
- Bronzino – Portrait of Giovanni de' Medici
- Tintoretto – St. Roch in the Hospital
## Births
- July 5 - Francesco Maria del Monte, Italian Cardinal and arts patron (Caravaggio) (died 1627)
- September 1 - Cesare Aretusi, Italian painter (died 1612)
- date unknown - Giovanni Contarini, Venetian painter (died 1605)
- probable (born 1549/1551) - Giovanni Ambrogio Figino, Italian painter (died 1608)
## Deaths
- February 14 - Il Sodoma, Italian Mannerist painter (born 1477)
- March - Aelbrecht Bouts, Dutch painter
- date unknown - Jean Juste, Italian sculptor (born 1485)
|
enwiki/10708298
|
enwiki
| 10,708,298 |
1549 in art
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1549_in_art
|
2024-06-22T04:17:45Z
|
en
|
Q4550447
| 16,414 |
{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1549|art}}
Events from the year '''1549 in art'''.
==Events==
*Sculptor Hans Vischer, the last of the [[Vischer Family of Nuremberg]], leaves the city.
==Works==
[[File:San Rocco Venezia (Interno) - San Rocco risana gli appestati.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Tintoretto]] – ''[[Saint Roch|St. Roch]] in the Hospital'', [[San Rocco, Venice]]]]
*[[Bartolommeo Bandinelli]] - ''God the Father'' (statue), in the cloister of Santa Croce, Florence
*[[Bronzino]] – ''Portrait of Giovanni de' Medici''
*[[Tintoretto]] – ''[[Saint Roch|St. Roch]] in the Hospital''
==Births==
*[[July 5]] - [[Francesco Maria del Monte]], Italian [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]] and arts patron ([[Caravaggio]]) (died [[1627 in art|1627]])
*[[September 1]] - [[Cesare Aretusi]], [[Italians|Italian]] painter (died [[1612 in art|1612]])
*''date unknown'' - [[Giovanni Contarini]], Venetian painter (died [[1605 in art|1605]])
*''probable'' (born 1549/1551) - [[Giovanni Ambrogio Figino]], Italian painter (died [[1608 in art|1608]])
==Deaths==
*[[February 14]] - [[Il Sodoma]], Italian [[Mannerism|Mannerist]] painter (born [[1477 in art|1477]])
*March - [[Aelbrecht Bouts]], Dutch painter
*''date unknown'' - [[Juste family|Jean Juste]], Italian sculptor (born [[1485 in art|1485]])
[[Category:1549 in art| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 16th century in art]]
| 1,230,336,372 |
[]
| false |
# 1910 South African Senate election
The first election for the South African Senate took place as a result of the creation of the Union of South Africa through the South Africa Act 1909. The Act included special provisions for the selection of the first elected Senators. The Union Parliament was prohibited from changing the arrangements for the Senate during its first ten years.
The First Senate included eight Senators from each province. They were elected for a ten-year term by the members serving during the final session of the legislatures of each of the four colonies which joined the Union of South Africa. The election was by a form of the single transferable vote. The remaining eight seats were filled, by appointment (also for ten-year terms) by the Governor-General-in-Council (in effect by General Louis Botha's first Union government). Section 24 of the South Africa Act 1909 provided that, of the nominated Senators,
One-half of their number shall be selected on the ground mainly of their thorough acquaintance, by reason of their official experience or otherwise, with the reasonable wants and wishes of the coloured races in South Africa.
Casual vacancies in the representation of the provinces, in the First Senate only, were filled by an electoral college composed of the members of the relevant Provincial Council. New Senators, elected in this way, held the seat for the residue of the ten-year term. Nominated Senators, appointed to fill vacancies, received a ten-year term and did not have to vacate their seats at the end of the term for the provincial representatives.
The composition, by party, of the provincial representatives in the First Senate included 18 representatives of the three colonial governing parties (six each from the South African Party of the Cape, Orangia Unie of the Orange River Colony and Het Volk of the Transvaal, all of which merged to form the South African Party on November 21, 1910), eight Independent Senators from Natal (which did not have a party system before the Union), and six Senators from the opposition parties (two each from the Unionist Party of the Cape, the Constitutional Party of Orange River Colony and the Progressive Party of Transvaal, all of which merged to form the Unionist Party on May 31, 1910).
## Bibliography
1. ↑ "The Times, edition of 31 May 1910".
|
enwiki/61383026
|
enwiki
| 61,383,026 |
1910 South African Senate election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910_South_African_Senate_election
|
2023-09-02T17:46:52Z
|
en
|
Q85844955
| 31,907 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1910 South African Senate election
| country = South Africa
| flag_year = 1910
| type = senatorial
| ongoing = no
| previous_election =
| previous_year =
| next_election = 1920 South African Senate election
| next_year = 1920
| seats_for_election = 32 of 40 seats in the Senate
| election_date =
| party1 = South African Party
| party2 = Orangia Unie
| party3 = [[Het Volk (political party)|Het Volk]]
| title =
| before_election =
| before_party =
| after_election =
| after_party =
| map_image = [[File:South African Senate following the elections of 1910.svg|South African Senate following the elections of 1910|300px]]
| map_size = 300px
| map_caption = Composition of the Senate after the election
| party4 = Unionist Party (South Africa)
| party5 = [[Unionist Party (South Africa)|Constitutionalist]]
| party6 = [[Unionist Party (South Africa)|Progressive]]
| seats1 = 6
| seats2 = 6
| seats3 = 6
| seats4 = 2
| seats5 = 2
| seats6 = 2
| colour1 = 05A3FF
| colour2 = FF9900
| colour3 = 00B06A
| colour4 = B5FF54
| colour5 = FFDD00
| colour6 = 0C66CC
}}The first election for the [[Senate of South Africa|South African Senate]] took place as a result of the creation of the [[Union of South Africa]] through the [[South Africa Act 1909]]. The Act included special provisions for the selection of the first elected Senators. The [[Parliament of South Africa|Union Parliament]] was prohibited from changing the arrangements for the Senate during its first ten years.
The First Senate included eight Senators from each [[Provinces of South Africa|province]]. They were elected for a ten-year term by the members serving during the final session of the legislatures of each of the four colonies which joined the Union of South Africa. The election was by a form of the [[single transferable vote]]. The remaining eight seats were filled, by appointment (also for ten-year terms) by the [[Governor-General of South Africa|Governor-General]]-in-Council (in effect by General [[Louis Botha]]'s first Union government). Section 24 of the South Africa Act 1909 provided that, of the nominated Senators,
{{cquote|One-half of their number shall be selected on the ground mainly of their thorough acquaintance, by reason of their official experience or otherwise, with the reasonable wants and wishes of the coloured races in South Africa.
}}
Casual vacancies in the representation of the provinces, in the First Senate only, were filled by an electoral college composed of the members of the relevant [[Provincial council (South Africa)|Provincial Council]]. New Senators, elected in this way, held the seat for the residue of the ten-year term. Nominated Senators, appointed to fill vacancies, received a ten-year term and did not have to vacate their seats at the end of the term for the provincial representatives.
The composition, by party, of the provincial representatives in the First Senate included 18 representatives of the three colonial governing parties (six each from the South African Party of the Cape, Orangia Unie of the Orange River Colony and Het Volk of the Transvaal, all of which merged to form the [[South African Party]] on November 21, 1910), eight Independent Senators from Natal (which did not have a party system before the Union), and six Senators from the opposition parties (two each from the Unionist Party of the Cape, the Constitutional Party of Orange River Colony and the Progressive Party of Transvaal, all of which merged to form the [[Unionist Party (South Africa)|Unionist Party]] on May 31, 1910).<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=The Times, edition of 31 May 1910}}</ref>
== Bibliography ==
{{Reflist}}{{South African Senate elections}}
[[Category:Senate elections in South Africa]]
[[Category:1910 elections in South Africa|Senate]]
| 1,173,476,778 |
[{"title": "1910 South African Senate election", "data": {"Party": ["South African \u00b7 Orangia Unie \u00b7 Het Volk", "Unionist \u00b7 Constitutionalist \u00b7 Progressive"]}}]
| false |
# 1928 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1928 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the first staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship. The championship began on 20 May 1928 and ended on 27 October 1929.
Cork won the title following a 7-6 to 4-0 victory over Dublin in a second replay of the final.
## Teams
### Team summaries
| Leinster | Munster |
| -------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| - Dublin - Kilkenny - Laois - Louth - Meath - Offaly - Wexford | - Clare - Cork - Limerick - Tipperary - Waterford |
## Results
### Leinster Minor Hurling Championship
| 20 May 1928 Quarter-final | Meath | 5-2 - 1-2 | Louth | Páirc Tailteann |
| 3 June 1928 Quarter-final | Wexford | 0-3 - 7-3 | Kilkenny | New Ross Sportsground |
| 2 September 1928 Semi-final | Laois | 2-2 - 6-9 | Kilkenny | Moore Park |
| 9 September 1928 Semi-final | Dublin | 9-5 - 4-1 | Meath | Croke Park |
| Final | Dublin | w/o - scr. | Kilkenny | |
| 30 September 1928 Alternative final | Dublin | 6-6 - 3-2 | Offaly | |
### Munster Minor Hurling Championship
| 15 July 1928 Quarter-final | Waterford | 5-3 - 3-2 | Limerick | Thurles Sportsfield |
| 29 July 1928 Semi-final | Cork | 7-5 - 0-3 | Clare | Thurles Sportsfield |
| 19 May 1929 Semi-final | Tipperary | 4-2 - 8-2 | Waterford | Carrick-on-Suir Sportsfield |
| 2 June 1929 Final | Cork | 3-4 - 3-2 | Waterford | Mitchelstown Sportsfield |
### All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
| 1 September 1929 Final | Cork | 1-8 - 3-2 | Dublin | Croke Park |
| 27 October 1929 Final replay | Cork | 7-6 - 4-0 | Dublin | Cork Athletic Grounds |
|
enwiki/32179999
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enwiki
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1928 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_All-Ireland_Minor_Hurling_Championship
|
2022-08-19T12:56:08Z
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en
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Q4727863
| 62,155 |
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox All-Ireland Hurling
| type = Minor
| year = 1928
| image =
| dates = 20 May 1928 - 27 October 1929
| teams =
| connacht =
| munster = Cork
| leinster = Dublin
| ulster =
| matches =
| poty =
| team = Cork
| titles = 1st
| captain = Larry Horgan
| manager =
| team2 = Dublin
| captain2 =
| manager2 =
| totalgoals =
| totalpoints =
| topscorer =
| previous =
| next = [[1929 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship|1929]]
}}
The '''1928 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship''' was the first staging of the [[All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship]]. The championship began on 20 May 1928 and ended on 27 October 1929.
[[Cork GAA|Cork]] won the title following a 7-6 to 4-0 victory over [[Dublin GAA|Dublin]] in a second replay of the final.
==Teams==
===Team summaries===
{| class="wikitable" width=65%
|-
!Leinster
!Munster
|- valign=top
|
*[[Dublin GAA|Dublin]]
*[[Kilkenny GAA|Kilkenny]]
*[[Laois GAA|Laois]]
*[[Louth GAA|Louth]]
*[[Meath GAA|Meath]]
*[[Offaly GAA|Offaly]]
*[[Wexford GAA|Wexford]]
|
*[[Clare GAA|Clare]]
*[[Cork GAA|Cork]]
*[[Limerick GAA|Limerick]]
*[[Tipperary GAA|Tipperary]]
*[[Waterford GAA|Waterford]]
|}
==Results==
===[[Leinster Minor Hurling Championship]]===
{{football box collapsible
| date = 20 May 1928
| round = Quarter-final
| time =
| team1 = [[Meath GAA|Meath]]
| score = 5-2 - 1-2
| team2 = [[Louth GAA|Louth]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| referee =
| attendance =
| stadium = [[Páirc Tailteann]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
| date = 3 June 1928
| round = Quarter-final
| time =
| team1 = [[Wexford GAA|Wexford]]
| score = 0-3 - 7-3
| team2 = [[Kilkenny GAA|Kilkenny]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| referee =
| attendance =
| stadium = [[O'Kennedy Park|New Ross Sportsground]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
| date = 2 September 1928
| round = Semi-final
| time =
| team1 = [[Laois GAA|Laois]]
| score = 2-2 - 6-9
| team2 = [[Kilkenny GAA|Kilkenny]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| referee =
| attendance =
| stadium = [[O'Moore Park|Moore Park]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
| date = 9 September 1928
| round = Semi-final
| time =
| team1 = [[Dublin GAA|Dublin]]
| score = 9-5 - 4-1
| team2 = [[Meath GAA|Meath]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| referee =
| attendance =
| stadium = [[Croke Park]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
| date =
| round = Final
| time =
| team1 = [[Dublin GAA|Dublin]]
| score = w/o - scr.
| team2 = [[Kilkenny GAA|Kilkenny]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| referee =
| attendance =
| stadium =
}}
{{football box collapsible
| date = 30 September 1928
| round = Alternative final
| time =
| team1 = [[Dublin GAA|Dublin]]
| score = 6-6 - 3-2
| team2 = [[Offaly GAA|Offaly]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| referee =
| attendance =
| stadium =
}}
===[[Munster Minor Hurling Championship]]===
{{football box collapsible
| date = 15 July 1928
| round = Quarter-final
| time =
| team1 = [[Waterford GAA|Waterford]]
| score = 5-3 - 3-2
| team2 = [[Limerick GAA|Limerick]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| referee =
| attendance =
| stadium = [[Semple Stadium|Thurles Sportsfield]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
| date = 29 July 1928
| round = Semi-final
| time =
| team1 = [[Cork GAA|Cork]]
| score = 7-5 - 0-3
| team2 = [[Clare GAA|Clare]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| referee =
| attendance =
| stadium = [[Semple Stadium|Thurles Sportsfield]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
| date = 19 May 1929
| round = Semi-final
| time =
| team1 = [[Tipperary GAA|Tipperary]]
| score = 4-2 - 8-2
| team2 = [[Waterford GAA|Waterford]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| referee =
| attendance =
| stadium = [[Carrick-on-Suir|Carrick-on-Suir Sportsfield]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
| date = 2 June 1929
| round = Final
| time =
| team1 = [[Cork GAA|Cork]]
| score = 3-4 - 3-2
| team2 = [[Waterford GAA|Waterford]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| referee =
| attendance =
| stadium = [[Mitchelstown GAA|Mitchelstown Sportsfield]]
}}
===[[All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship]]===
{{football box collapsible
| date = 1 September 1929
| round = Final
| time =
| team1 = [[Cork GAA|Cork]]
| score = 1-8 - 3-2
| team2 = [[Dublin GAA|Dublin]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| referee =
| attendance =
| stadium = [[Croke Park]]
}}
{{football box collapsible
| date = 27 October 1929
| round = Final replay
| time =
| team1 = [[Cork GAA|Cork]]
| score = 7-6 - 4-0
| team2 = [[Dublin GAA|Dublin]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| referee =
| attendance =
| stadium = [[Cork Athletic Grounds]]
}}
==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110701003934/http://www.rte.ie/sport/gaa/championship/minor_hurl_roh.html All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship: Roll Of Honour]
{{All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship}}
[[Category:1928 in hurling|Minor]]
[[Category:All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship]]
{{Hurling-competition-stub}}
| 1,105,279,028 |
[{"title": "All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship 1928", "data": {"Dates": "20 May 1928 - 27 October 1929"}}, {"title": "All Ireland Champions", "data": {"Winners": "Cork (1st win)", "Captain": "Larry Horgan"}}, {"title": "All Ireland Runners-up", "data": {"Runners-up": "Dublin"}}, {"title": "Provincial Champions", "data": {"Munster": "Cork", "Leinster": "Dublin", "Ulster": "Not Played", "Connacht": "Not Played"}}]
| false |
# 1610
1610 (MDCX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1610th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 610th year of the 2nd millennium, the 10th year of the 17th century, and the 1st year of the 1610s decade. As of the start of 1610, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Some have suggested that 1610 may mark the beginning of the Anthropocene, or the 'Age of Man', marking a fundamental change in the relationship between humans and the Earth system, but earlier starting dates (ca. 1000 C.E.) have received broader consensus, based on high resolution pollution records that show the massive impact of human activity on the atmosphere.
## Events
### January–March
- January 6 – Nossa Senhora da Graça incident: A Portuguese carrack sinks near Nagasaki, after fighting Japanese samurai for four nights.
- January 7 – Galileo Galilei first observes the four Galilean moons of Jupiter: Ganymede, Callisto, Europa and Io, but is unable to distinguish the latter two until the following day.
- February 24 – English courtier Thomas Roe sets out on an expedition to The Guianas and Amazon River.
- March 13 – Galileo Galilei's treatise on astronomy, Sidereus Nuncius, the first printed scientific record of observations through a telescope, is first published. [4]
- March 22 (March 12 O.S.) – Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky, nephew of the Tsar Vasili, liberates Moscow from rebels. [5][6]
### April–June
- April 10 – The Treaty of Brussol is signed between Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, and a representative of King Henry IV of France, at a meeting at Bruzolo near Turin. The agreement for France and Savoy to remove Spanish occupiers from Italy, is never carried out because King Henry is assassinated one month later.
- April 20 – William Shakespeare's play, The Tragedie of Macbeth, is given its first performance, staged at the Globe Theatre in London. [7]
- May 13 – A formal coronation is held for Marie de' Medici, wife of King Henry IV, as Queen Consort of France. King Henry is preparing to depart to Germany to participate in the War of the Jülich Succession.
- May 14 – King Henry IV of France is assassinated in Paris by François Ravaillac, a French Catholic activist who resents the Protestant monarch's decision to launch a war against the Catholic Spanish Netherlands. Ravaillac rushes up to a horse-drawn carriage and stabs King Henry in the chest. Henry's 8-year-old son becomes King Louis XIII, with Henry's widow, Marie de' Medici, governing France as queen regent.
- May 23 – Jamestown, Virginia: Acting as temporary Governor, Thomas Gates, along with John Rolfe, Captain Ralph Hamor, Sir George Somers, and other survivors from the Sea Venture (wrecked at Bermuda) arrive at Jamestown; they find that 60 have survived the "starving time" (winter), the fort palisades and gates have been torn down, and empty houses have been used for firewood, in fear of attacks by natives outside the fort area.
- May 24 – Jamestown, Virginia: The temporary Governor, Thomas Gates, issues The Divine, Moral, and Martial Laws.
- May 27 – Regicide François Ravaillac is executed by being pulled apart by horses in the Place de Grève, Paris.
- June 5 – The masque Tethys' Festival is performed at Whitehall Palace to celebrate the investiture of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales.[8]
- June 7 – Jamestown: Temporary Governor Gates decides to abandon Jamestown.
- June 8 – Jamestown: Temporary Governor Gates' convoy meets the ships of Governor Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr (Delaware) at Mulberry Island.
- June 10 – Jamestown: The convoy of temporary Governor Gates, and the ships of Governor Lord De La Warr, land at Jamestown.
- June 24 – Henri Membertou, Grand Chief of Mi'kmaq nation, becomes the first North American aboriginal person to accept baptism into the Christian faith and signs the Concordat of 1610, an agreement with the Roman Catholic Church recognizing the Mi'kmaq as an independent nation.[9]
### July–September
- July 4 – (June 24 O.S.); Polish–Russian War – Battle of Klushino: The outnumbered forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth defeat the combined Russian and Swedish armies; Polish troops go on to occupy Moscow.[10]
- July 5 – John Guy sets sail from Bristol, with 39 other colonists, for Newfoundland.
- July 9 – Lady Arbella Stuart, a claimant to the throne of England, is imprisoned for clandestinely marrying William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset, another claimant, without royal permission on June 22.[11]
- July 27 (July 17 O.S.) – Vasili Ivanovich Shuisky, who proclaimed himself Tsar of Russia on May 19, 1606, is deposed as the Seven Boyars remove him from office to select a new ruler.
- July 28 – War of the Jülich Succession: The Siege of Jülich, a walled city within the Holy Roman Empire (now in Germany), is started by a combined force of troops from the Dutch Republic, the Kingdom of France and the Margraviate of Brandenburg.
- August 2 – Henry Hudson sails into what is now known as Hudson Bay, thinking he has made it through the Northwest Passage and reached the Pacific Ocean.
- August 9 – Anglo-Powhatan Wars: The English launch a major attack on the Paspahegh village, capturing and executing the native queen and her children, burning houses and chopping down the corn fields; the subsequent use of the term "Paspahegh" in documents refers to their former territory.
- September 1 – Claudio Monteverdi's musical work Vespro della Beata Vergine (Vespers for the Blessed Virgin) is first published, printed in Venice and dedicated to Pope Paul V.
- September 2 – The Siege of Jülich ends as the Holy Roman Imperial city surrenders to Maurice of Nassau, commander of the Dutch Republic troops.
- September 4 – The Kingdom of Toungoo (now Myanmar) is retaken by King Anaukpetlun of Burma, as rebel leader Natshinnaung surrenders the city of Taungoo.
- September 6 – (August 27 O.S.); The Seven Boyars, the group of seven Russian nobles seeking stability in the troubled nation, vote to have King Wladyslaw IV of Poland as Tsar Vladislav of Russia, and invite the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to take over the city.
- September 19 – Frederick V, age 14, becomes the new Prince-Elector of the Rhineland Palatinate, two days after the death of his father, Frederick IV.
- September 21 (September 11 O.S.) – Forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth capture Moscow and begin occupation of the Kremlin for the next two years.
### October–December
- October 9 – Poland, under the command of Hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski, takes control of the Kremlin during the Polish–Russian War.
- October 17 – The coronation of Louis XIII of France takes place.[12]
- October 24 – The War of the Jülich Succession ends as the Protestant Union (including Margraviate of Brandenburg Brandenburg and Electoral Palatinate) and the Catholic League (led by the Duchy of Bavaria) agree to withdraw their forces from Germany and to disband them by year's end.
- November 6 – After the Parliament of England gives King James only £ 100,000 of an agreed to £ 600,000 of debt relief promised in February under the Great Contract, the King demands the rest of the funds. Parliament is outraged and declares the Contract abandoned on November 9.
- November 8 – The Basque witch trials come to an end after almost two years. Out of about 7,000 persons accused of witchcraft, only six are condemned to be executed by the Spanish Inquisition as two men (Domingo de Subildegui and Petri de Joangorena) and four women (María de Echachute, Graciana Xarra, Maria Baztan de Borda, and Maria de Arburu) are burned at the stake at Logroño . [13]
- November 20 – The cession of Larache, a port in Morocco, takes place as Mohammed esh Sheikh el Mamun, Sultan of Morocco, transfers control of the city to Spain in return for. The Marquis de la Hinojosa accepts on behalf of King Felipe III of Spain in return for Spain's aid to the Sultan's fight against the Sultan's brother, Zidan Abu Maali. Larache remains under Spanish control for the next 79 years until another sultan retakes it.[14]
- November 26 – French astronomers Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc and Joseph Gaultier make the first detailed observations of the Orion Nebula.
- December 18 – (December 8 O.S.) English astronomer Thomas Harriot becomes the first person on Earth to observe sunspots through a telescope. [15]
- December 19 – Pieter Both becomes the first Governor-general of the Dutch East Indies (now the Republic of Indonesia), serving until 1614.
- December 20 – (December 10 O.S.), John Roberts, a Benedictine monk in Wales, is executed five days after being convicted of high treason for violating a law against Catholic ministry. He is hanged, drawn and quartered. Roberts will be canonized as a Roman Catholic saint almost 360 years later, on October 25, 1970.
- December 21 – (December 11 O.S.) The second False Dmitry is assassinated by a Kasim Tatar prince, Peter Urusov. After both Dmitry and Urosov have been drinking, Urusov shoots the Tsar Dmitry, then decapitates him. [16]
### Date unknown
- Dr. Bonham's Case, a landmark decision, is decided by Edward Coke, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas of England. Coke affirms the supremacy of the common law, which limits the power of Parliament as well as the king.[17]
- The Manchu tribal leader Nurhaci breaks his relations with the Ming dynasty of China, at this time under the aloof and growingly negligent Wanli Emperor; Nurhaci's line later becomes the emperors of the Qing dynasty, which overthrows the short-lived Shun dynasty in 1644, and the remnants of the Ming throne in 1662.
- Publication is completed of the Douay–Rheims Bible (The Holie Bible Faithfully Translated into English), a translation of the Bible from the Latin Vulgate into English made by members of the English College, Douai, in the service of the Catholic Church.[18]
- Jakob Böhme experiences another inner vision, in which he believes that he further understands the unity of the cosmos, and that he has received a special vocation from God.
- Work starts on the Wignacourt Aqueduct, in Malta.
- Santa Fe, New Mexico, capital of New Mexico, is founded as capital of Kingdom of Nuevo México.[19]
## Births
### January–March
- January 9 – George Wilde, Irish bishop (d. 1665)
- January 10 – Louis Maimbourg, French Jesuit historian (d. 1686)
- January 12 – Reinhold Curicke, jurist and historian from Danzig (d. 1667)
- January 13 – Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria, Electress of Bavaria (d. 1665)
- January 21 – Elizabeth Fones, American settler (d. 1673)
- January 26 – Henry Hildyard, English Member of Parliament (d. 1674)
- February 2
- Francisco Ignacio Alcina, Jesuit missionary and historian (d. 1674)
- Pierre Bourdelot, French physician (d. 1685)
- Edmund Weaver, English politician (d. 1672)
- February 11 – Salomon Idler, German inventor (d. 1669)
- February 13 – Jean de Labadie, French pietist (d. 1674)
- February 14 – Solomon Swale, English politician (d. 1678)
- March 3 – Pierre Dupuis, French painter (d. 1682)
- March 4 (bapt.) – William Dobson, English portraitist and painter (d. 1646)
- March 14
- Frederick Cornwallis, 1st Baron Cornwallis, English politician (d. 1662)
- Simon Louis, Count of Lippe-Detmolt (1627–1636) (d. 1636)
### April–June
- April 22 – Pope Alexander VIII (d. 1691)[20]
- May 12 – Arent Berntsen, Norwegian statistician (d. 1680)
- May 17 – Joseph Poncet, French missionary (d. 1675)
- May 18 – Stefano della Bella, Italian printmaker (d. 1664)
- June 1 – Hendrik Martenszoon Sorgh, Dutch painter (d. 1670)
- June 17 – Birgitte Thott, Danish scholar, writer and translator (b. 1662)
- June 24 – Thomas Hales, Connecticut settler (d. 1679)
### July–September
- July 2 – Francis Browne, 3rd Viscount Montagu in the Peerage of England (d. 1682)
- July 6 – Hugh Forth, English politician (d. 1676)
- July 8 (bapt.) – Richard Deane, English military commander and regicide (d. 1653)
- July 11 – William Widdrington, 1st Baron Widdrington, English landowner, politician (d. 1651)
- July 14 – Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1670)
- July 18 – Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra, Spanish dramatist and historian (d. 1686)
- July 28 (bapt.) – Henry Glapthorne, English dramatist (d. c.1643)
- July 30 – Lorens von der Linde, Swedish field marshal (d. 1670)
- August 2 – Edward Master, English politician (d. 1691)
- August 4 – Cornelis Evertsen the Elder, Dutch admiral (d. 1666)
- August 23 – Susanna Margarete of Anhalt-Dessau, Princess of Anhalt-Dessau (d. 1663)
- September 4 – Giovanni Andrea Sirani, Italian painter (d. 1670)
- September 6
- Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena, Italian noble (d. 1658)
- Luke Robinson, English politician (d. 1669)
- David Wemyss, 2nd Earl of Wemyss, Scottish earl (d. 1679)
- September 10 – Sir Edward Seymour, 3rd Baronet, Member of Parliament (d. 1688)
- September 24 – Huang Zongxi, Chinese political theorist, philosopher, naturalist, writer and soldier (d. 1695)
- September 28 – Henry Hastings, 1st Baron Loughborough, English Royalist army commander in the English Civil War (d. 1666)
- September 29 – Gabriel Druillettes, French missionary (d. 1681)
### October–December
- October 3 – Gabriel Lalemant, Jesuit missionary in New France, beginning in 1646 (d. 1649)
- October 6 – Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier, French soldier, the governor of the Louis (d. 1690)
- October 19 – James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, Anglo-Irish statesman and soldier (d. 1688)
- October 28 – Jacob Kettler, German noble (d. 1682)
- November 8 – Pietro Vidoni, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1681)
- November 20 – Henry Heyman, English politician (d. 1658)
- November 22 – Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony (d. 1684)
- November 28 – Augustine Warner, Virginia planter, politician (d. 1674)
- December 9 – Baldassare Ferri, Italian castrato singer (d. 1680)
- December 10 – Adriaen van Ostade, Dutch painter (d. 1685)
- December 15 – David Teniers the Younger, Flemish artist born in Antwerp (d. 1690)
- December 18 – Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, French philologist and historian (d. 1688)
- December 25
- David Christiani, German mathematician and philosopher (d. 1688)
- Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Nottingham, son of Charles Howard (d. 1681)
- December 28 – Basil of Ostrog, Serbian Orthodox bishop venerated as Saint Vasilije (d. 1671)
### Date unknown
- Dirck Rembrantsz van Nierop, Dutch astronomer and cartographer (d. 1682)
- Maria Cunitz, Silesian astronomer (d. 1664)
- Li Yu, Chinese writer (d. 1680)
- François Eudes de Mézeray, French historian (d. 1683)
- Karin Thomasdotter, Finnish official (d. 1697)
- Emmanuel Tzanes, Greek painter (d. 1690)
- Marie Meurdrac, French chemist and alchemist (d. 1680)
- Leonora Duarte, Flemish composer and musician (d. 1678)
### Probable
- George Carteret, Jersey-born English Royalist statesman (d. 1680)
- Jeremias de Dekker, Dutch poet (d. 1666)
- Abraham Duquesne, French naval officer (d. 1688)
- Jin Shengtan, Chinese editor (d. 1661)
## Deaths
### January–March
- January 1
- Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1551)
- François Feuardent, French theologian (b. 1539)
- January 9 – Herman van der Mast, Dutch Renaissance painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. c. 1550)
- January 10 – Mateo de Oviedo, Archbishop of Dublin (b. 1547)
- February 4 – Hannibal Vyvyan, English politician (b. 1545)
- February 5 – Strange Jørgenssøn, Norwegian businessman (b. 1539)
- February 22 – Polykarp Leyser the Elder, German theologian (b. 1552)
- February 27 – Philippe Canaye, French diplomat (b. 1551)
- March 6 – Benedict Pereira, Spanish theologian (b. 1535)
- March 7 – Maria, Abbess of Quedlinburg, German abbess (b. 1571)
- March 19
- Valeriano Muti, Italian Catholic prelate (year of birth unknown)
- Hasegawa Tōhaku, Japanese painter (b. 1539)
- March 20 – Princess Anna Maria of Sweden, Swedish royal (b. 1545)
- March 24 – Henry Cocke, English politician (b. 1538)
- March 28 – Wolfgang, Count of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim, German count (b. 1546)
- March 30 – Thomas Gorges, English knight (b. 1536)
### April–June
- April 7 – Hirata Masumune, Japanese samurai (b. 1566)
- April 15 – Robert Parsons, English Jesuit priest (b. 1546)
- April 24 – Anna of Holstein-Gottorp, German noblewoman (b. 1575)
- May 11
- Ikoma Kazumasa, Japanese samurai (b. 1555)
- Matteo Ricci, Italian Jesuit priest and servant of God (b. 1552)
- May 14 – King Henry IV of France, (assassinated) (b. 1553)[21]
- May 17 – Gervase Babington, English churchman (b. 1549)
- May 19 – Thomas Sanchez, Spanish theologian (b. 1550)
- May 27 – François Ravaillac, French assassin of Henry IV of France (executed) (b. 1578)
- June 4 – David Hilchen, Baltic German humanist and politician (b. 1561)
- June 13 – Thomas Tesdale, English maltster (b. 1547)
### July–September
- July – Richard Knolles, English historian (b. 1545)
- July 14 – Francis Solanus, Spanish friar and missionary in South America (b. 1549)
- July 17 – Amandus Polanus, German writer (b. 1561)
- July 18 – Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Italian painter active in Rome (b. 1571)
- July 22 – Charles I, Duke of Mecklenburg (b. 1540)
- July 27 – Jacob van Langren, Dutch cartographer and globe-maker (b. 1525)
- August 20 – Stanisław Stadnicki, Polish nobleman (b. 1551)
- August 25 – Mabel Browne, Countess of Kildare, Irish noble (b. 1536)
- September 13 – Tomás de Borja y Castro, Spanish Catholic archbishop (b. 1551)
- September 19 – Frederick IV, Elector Palatine (b. 1574)
- September 22 – Jan Moretus, Belgian printer (b. 1543)
### October–December
- October 14 – Amago Yoshihisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1540)
- November 2 – Richard Bancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1544)
- November 24 – Duchess Sophie of Prussia, duchess consort of Courland (1609–1610) (b. 1582)
- December 3 – Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese soldier (b. 1548)
- December 10 – John Roberts, Welsh Benedictine monk and priest (b. 1577)
- December 11
- Adam Elsheimer, German artist working in Rome who died at only thirty-two (b. 1578)
- False Dmitry II, pretender to the Russian throne
- December 21 – Catherine Vasa, Swedish princess (b. 1539)
- December 31 – Ludolph van Ceulen, German mathematician (b. 1540)
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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1610}}
{{Year nav|1610}}
[[File:Assassination of Henry IV (Henry IV, King of France; François Ravaillac) by Gaspar Bouttats.jpg|thumb|300px|[[May 14]]: [[Henry IV of France]] is assassinated by [[François Ravaillac]]. ]]
{{C17 year in topic}}
[[File:Jupiter and the Galilean Satellites.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[January 7]]: The four [[Galilean moons]] are first observed.]]
{{Year article header|1610}} Some have suggested that 1610 may mark the beginning of the [[Anthropocene]], or the 'Age of Man', marking a fundamental change in the relationship between humans and the Earth system, but earlier starting dates (ca. 1000 C.E.) have received broader consensus, based on high resolution pollution records that show the massive impact of human activity on the atmosphere.<ref>{{cite journal| author=Alexander More| title=Next generation ice core technology reveals true minimum natural levels of lead (Pb) in the atmosphere: insights from the Black Death|journal = Geohealth| volume=1| issue=4| pages=211–219|display-authors=et al| date=May 31, 2017| doi=10.1002/2017GH000064| pmid=32158988| pmc=7007106| doi-access=free| bibcode=2017GHeal...1..211M}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-31836233 |title=Anthropocene: New dates proposed for the 'Age of Man' |work=BBC |date=11 March 2015 |access-date=12 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Defining the Anthropocene |journal=Nature |date=11 March 2015 |doi = 10.1038/nature14258|last1=Lewis |first1=Simon L. |last2=Maslin |first2=Mark A. |volume=519 |issue=7542 |pages=171–180 |pmid=25762280 |bibcode=2015Natur.519..171L |s2cid=205242896 }}</ref>
== Events ==
[[File:Hudsonbay.png|thumb|right|[[August 2]]: [[Henry Hudson]] sails into [[Hudson Bay]].]]
=== January–March ===
* [[January 6]] – [[Nossa Senhora da Graça incident|''Nossa Senhora da Graça'' incident]]: A Portuguese [[carrack]] sinks near Nagasaki, after fighting Japanese samurai for four nights.
* [[January 7]] – [[Galileo Galilei]] first observes the four [[Galilean moons]] of [[Jupiter]]: [[Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]], [[Callisto (moon)|Callisto]], [[Europa (moon)|Europa]] and [[Io (moon)|Io]], but is unable to distinguish the latter two until the following day.
* [[February 24]] – English courtier [[Thomas Roe]] sets out on an expedition to [[The Guianas]] and [[Amazon River]].
* [[March 13]] – [[Galileo Galilei]]'s treatise on astronomy, ''[[Sidereus Nuncius]]'', the first printed scientific record of observations through a telescope, is first published. <ref>[https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/12/16/a-very-rare-book "A Very Rare Book"], by Nicholas Schmidle, ''The New Yorker'', December 8, 2013</ref>
* [[March 22]] (March 12 O.S.) – [[Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky]], nephew of the Tsar Vasili, liberates Moscow from rebels. <ref>N. G. Petrova, ''Skopin-Shuisky'' (Young Guard Press, 2010) (in Russian) p. 189</ref><ref>Chester Dunning, ''A Short History of Russia's First Civil War: The Time of Troubles and the Founding of the Romanov Dynasty'' (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004) pp. 272–273</ref>
=== April–June ===
* [[April 10]] – The [[Treaty of Brussol]] is signed between [[Charles Emmanuel I]], [[Duke of Savoy]], and a representative of [[Henry IV of France|King Henry IV of France]], at a meeting at [[Bruzolo]] near [[Turin]]. The agreement for France and Savoy to remove Spanish occupiers from Italy, is never carried out because King Henry is assassinated one month later.
* [[April 20]] – [[William Shakespeare]]'s play, ''[[Macbeth|The Tragedie of Macbeth]]'', is given its first performance, staged at the [[Globe Theatre]] in [[London]]. <ref>"The Tragedy of Macbeth", in ''The Oxford Shakespeare'', ed. by Nicholas Brooke (Oxford University Press, 2008) p. 234</ref>
* [[May 13]] – A formal coronation is held for [[Marie de' Medici]], wife of King Henry IV, as Queen Consort of France. King Henry is preparing to depart to Germany to participate in the [[War of the Jülich Succession]].
* [[May 14]] – [[Henry IV of France|King Henry IV]] of [[France]] is assassinated in [[Paris]] by [[François Ravaillac]], a French Catholic activist who resents the Protestant monarch's decision to launch a war against the Catholic Spanish Netherlands. Ravaillac rushes up to a horse-drawn carriage and stabs King Henry in the chest. Henry's 8-year-old son becomes King [[Louis XIII]], with Henry's widow, [[Marie de' Medici]], governing France as queen regent.
* [[May 23]] – [[Jamestown, Virginia]]: Acting as temporary Governor, [[Thomas Gates (governor)|Thomas Gates]], along with [[John Rolfe]], Captain [[Ralph Hamor]], Sir George Somers, and other survivors from the ''Sea Venture'' (wrecked at [[Bermuda]]) arrive at Jamestown; they find that 60 have survived the "starving time" (winter), the fort palisades and gates have been torn down, and empty houses have been used for firewood, in fear of attacks by natives outside the fort area.
* [[May 24]] – [[Jamestown, Virginia]]: The temporary Governor, [[Thomas Gates (governor)|Thomas Gates]], issues ''The Divine, Moral, and Martial Laws''.
* [[May 27]] – Regicide [[François Ravaillac]] is executed by being pulled apart by horses in the [[Place de Grève]], Paris.
* [[June 5]] – The masque [[Tethys' Festival]] is performed at [[Whitehall Palace]] to celebrate the investiture of [[Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales]].<ref>Leeds Barroll, ''Anna of Denmark, A Cultural Biography'' (Pennsylvania, 2001), pp. 122–6.</ref>
* [[June 7]] – [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]]: Temporary Governor [[Thomas Gates (governor)|Gates]] decides to abandon Jamestown.
* [[June 8]] – [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]]: Temporary Governor Gates' convoy meets the ships of Governor [[Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr]] (''[[Delaware]]'') at [[Mulberry Island]].
* [[June 10]] – [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]]: The convoy of temporary Governor Gates, and the ships of Governor Lord De La Warr, land at Jamestown.
* [[June 24]] – [[Henri Membertou]], Grand Chief of Mi'kmaq nation, becomes the first North American aboriginal person to accept baptism into the Christian faith and signs the Concordat of 1610, an agreement with the Roman Catholic Church recognizing the Mi'kmaq as an independent nation.<ref>Sam McKegney, ''Magic Weapons: Aboriginal Writers Remaking Community After Residential School'' (University of Manitoba Press, 2007) p.112</ref>
=== July–September ===
* [[July 4]] – (June 24 O.S.); [[Polish–Russian War (1609–1618)|Polish–Russian War]] – [[Battle of Klushino]]: The outnumbered forces of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] defeat the combined [[Tsardom of Russia|Russian]] and [[Sweden|Swedish]] armies; Polish troops go on to occupy [[Moscow]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Heinrich von Brandt|title=In the Legions of Napoleon: The Memoirs of a Polish Officer in Spain and Russia, 1808–1813|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wudnAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Greenhill Books|isbn=978-1-85367-380-1|page=216|language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 5]] – [[John Guy (governor)|John Guy]] sets sail from [[Bristol]], with 39 other colonists, for [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]].
* [[July 9]] – [[Lady Arbella Stuart]], a claimant to the throne of England, is imprisoned for clandestinely marrying [[William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset]], another claimant, without royal permission on [[June 22]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages= 170–172|isbn=978-0-7126-5616-0}}</ref>
* [[July 27]] (July 17 O.S.) – [[Vasili IV of Russia|Vasili Ivanovich Shuisky]], who proclaimed himself Tsar of Russia on May 19, 1606, is deposed as the [[Seven Boyars]] remove him from office to select a new ruler.
* [[July 28]] – [[War of the Jülich Succession]]: The [[Siege of Jülich (1610)|Siege of Jülich]], a walled city within the [[Holy Roman Empire]] (now in Germany), is started by a combined force of troops from the [[Dutch Republic]], the Kingdom of France and the [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]].
* [[August 2]] – [[Henry Hudson]] sails into what is now known as [[Hudson Bay]], thinking he has made it through the [[Northwest Passage]] and reached the Pacific Ocean.
* [[August 9]] – [[Anglo-Powhatan Wars]]: The English launch a major attack on the [[Paspahegh]] village, capturing and executing the native queen and her children, burning houses and chopping down the corn fields; the subsequent use of the term "Paspahegh" in documents refers to their former territory.
* [[September 1]] – [[Claudio Monteverdi]]'s musical work ''[[Vespro della Beata Vergine]]'' (''[[Vespers]] for [[Mary, mother of Jesus|the Blessed Virgin]]'') is first published, printed in Venice and dedicated to [[Pope Paul V]].
* [[September 2]] – The [[Siege of Jülich (1610)|Siege of Jülich]] ends as the Holy Roman Imperial city surrenders to [[Maurice of Nassau]], commander of the [[Dutch Republic]] troops.
* [[September 4]] – The [[Kingdom of Toungoo]] (now [[Myanmar]]) is retaken by [[Anaukpetlun|King Anaukpetlun of Burma]], as rebel leader [[Natshinnaung]] surrenders the city of [[Taungoo]].
* [[September 6]] – (August 27 O.S.); The [[Seven Boyars]], the group of seven Russian nobles seeking stability in the troubled nation, vote to have [[Władysław IV Vasa|King Wladyslaw IV of Poland]] as Tsar Vladislav of Russia, and invite the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to take over the city.
* [[September 19]] – [[Frederick V of the Palatinate|Frederick V]], age 14, becomes the new [[Prince-Elector]] of the [[Electoral Palatinate|Rhineland Palatinate]], two days after the death of his father, [[Frederick IV, Elector Palatine|Frederick IV]].
* [[September 21]] (September 11 O.S.) – Forces of the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] capture [[Moscow]] and begin occupation of the [[Kremlin]] for the next two years.
=== October–December ===
* [[October 9]] – [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Poland]], under the command of [[Hetman]] [[Stanisław Żółkiewski]], takes control of the [[Kremlin]] during the [[Polish–Russian War (1609–1618)|Polish–Russian War]].
* [[October 17]] – The coronation of [[Louis XIII of France]] takes place.<ref>{{cite book|author=Roland Mousnier|title=The Assassination of Henry IV: The Tyrannicide Problem and the Consolidation of the French Absolute Monarchy in the Early Seventeenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=slMmAQAAMAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Scribner|isbn=978-0-684-13357-7|page=12|language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 24]] – The [[War of the Jülich Succession]] ends as the [[Protestant Union]] (including [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]] Brandenburg and [[Electoral Palatinate]]) and the [[Catholic League (German)|Catholic League]] (led by the [[Duchy of Bavaria]]) agree to withdraw their forces from Germany and to disband them by year's end.
* [[November 6]] – After the [[Addled Parliament|Parliament of England]] gives King James only £ 100,000 of an agreed to £ 600,000 of debt relief promised in February under the [[Great Contract]], the King demands the rest of the funds. Parliament is outraged and declares the Contract abandoned on November 9.
* [[November 8]] – The [[Basque witch trials]] come to an end after almost two years. Out of about 7,000 persons accused of witchcraft, only six are condemned to be executed by the [[Spanish Inquisition]] as two men ([[Domingo de Subildegui]] and [[Petri de Joangorena]]) and four women ([[María de Echachute]], [[Graciana Xarra]], [[Maria Baztan de Borda]], and [[Maria de Arburu]]) are burned at the stake at [[Logroño ]]. <ref> Gustav Henningsen, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=rxNYEAAAQBAJ&dq=Graciana+Xarra&pg=PA138 The Salazar Documents]'' (Brill, 2004) p. 138</ref>
* [[November 20]] – The [[cession of Larache]], a port in [[Morocco]], takes place as [[Mohammed esh Sheikh el Mamun]], Sultan of Morocco, transfers control of the city to [[Spain]] in return for. The [[Juan de Mendoza, Marquis de la Hinojosa|Marquis de la Hinojosa]] accepts on behalf of [[Philip III of Spain|King Felipe III of Spain]] in return for Spain's aid to the Sultan's fight against the Sultan's brother, [[Zidan Abu Maali]]. [[Larache]] remains under Spanish control for the next 79 years until another sultan retakes it.<ref> Manuel Lomas Cortés, ''El proceso de expulsión de los moriscos de España (1609–1614)''("The process of expulsion of the Moors of Spain") (Universities of Valencia, Granada & Zaragoza, 2011) p. 238</ref>
* [[November 26]] – French astronomers [[Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc]] and [[Joseph Gaultier]] make the first detailed observations of the [[Orion Nebula]].
* [[December 18]] – (December 8 O.S.) English astronomer [[Thomas Harriot]] becomes the first person on Earth to observe [[sunspot]]s through a telescope. <ref>"Sunspot Positions and Areas from Observations by Thomas Harriot", by M. Vokhmyanin, et al., in ''Journal of Solar Physics'' (March 10, 2020)</ref>
* [[December 19]] – [[Pieter Both]] becomes the first [[Governor-general of the Dutch East Indies]] (now the [[Republic of Indonesia]]), serving until 1614.
* [[December 20]] – (December 10 O.S.), [[John Roberts (martyr)|John Roberts]], a Benedictine monk in [[Wales]], is executed five days after being convicted of [[high treason]] for violating a law against Catholic ministry. He is [[hanged, drawn and quartered]]. Roberts will be canonized as a Roman Catholic saint almost 360 years later, on October 25, 1970.
* [[December 21]] – (December 11 O.S.) The [[False Dmitry II|second False Dmitry]] is assassinated by a [[Qasim Khanate|Kasim]] [[Tatars|Tatar]] prince, [[Peter Arslanovich Urusov|Peter Urusov]]. After both Dmitry and Urosov have been drinking, Urusov shoots the Tsar Dmitry, then decapitates him. <ref> "Demetrius, Pseudo", Robert Nisbet Bain, in ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 11th edition (Cambridge University Press, 1911) p. 984</ref>
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Dr. Bonham's Case]], a landmark decision, is decided by [[Edward Coke]], [[Chief Justice of the Common Pleas]] of England. Coke affirms the supremacy of the [[common law]], which limits the power of [[Parliament of England|Parliament]] as well as the king.<ref>{{cite book|author=Bernard Schwartz|title=A Commentary on the Constitution of the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oO0mAQAAMAAJ|year=1963|publisher=Macmillan|page=309}}</ref>
* The [[Manchu people|Manchu]] tribal leader [[Nurhaci]] breaks his relations with the [[Ming dynasty]] of China, at this time under the aloof and growingly negligent [[Wanli Emperor]]; Nurhaci's line later becomes the emperors of the [[Qing dynasty]], which overthrows the short-lived [[Shun dynasty]] in [[1644]], and the remnants of the Ming throne in [[1662]].
* Publication is completed of the [[Douay–Rheims Bible]] (''The Holie Bible Faithfully Translated into English''), a translation of the [[Bible]] from the Latin [[Vulgate]] into English made by members of the [[English College, Douai]], in the service of the [[Catholic Church]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pope|first=Hugh|url=https://archive.org/stream/dublinreview147londuoft#page/96/mode/2up|title=The Origin of the Douay Bible|journal=[[Dublin Review (Catholic periodical)|The Dublin Review]]|volume=147|issue=294–295|date=July–October 1910}}</ref>
* [[Jakob Böhme]] experiences another inner vision, in which he believes that he further understands the unity of the cosmos, and that he has received a special vocation from God.
* Work starts on the [[Wignacourt Aqueduct]], in [[History of Malta under the Order of Saint John|Malta]].
* [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]], capital of [[New Mexico]], is founded as capital of Kingdom of [[Santa Fe de Nuevo México|Nuevo México]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Gaspar Pérez de Villagrá|author2=Villagra|title=Historia de la Nueva México, 1610 : a critical and annotated Spanish/English edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h1vPZP0YHFEC&pg=PR41|year=1992|publisher=UNM Press|isbn=978-0-8263-1392-8|pages=41}}</ref>
== Births ==
[[File:Alexander VIII 1.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Pope Alexander VIII]]]]
[[File:Portrait of Hendrick Martensz. Sorgh 001.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Hendrik Martenszoon Sorgh]]]]
[[File:SOJ Saint Gabriel-Lallemant.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Gabriel Lalemant]]]]
[[File:Jaqkob Kettler k.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Jacob Kettler]]]]
[[File:Frans Hals, Adriaen van Ostade, c. 1645 alt. 1648.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Adriaen van Ostade]]]]
===January–March===
* [[January 9]] – [[George Wilde (bishop)|George Wilde]], Irish bishop (d. [[1665]])
* [[January 10]] – [[Louis Maimbourg]], French Jesuit historian (d. [[1686]])
* [[January 12]] – [[Reinhold Curicke]], jurist and historian from [[Danzig]] (d. [[1667]])
* [[January 13]] – [[Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (1610–1665)|Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria]], Electress of Bavaria (d. [[1665]])
* [[January 21]] – [[Elizabeth Fones]], American settler (d. [[1673]])
* [[January 26]] – [[Henry Hildyard (MP)|Henry Hildyard]], English Member of Parliament (d. [[1674]])
* [[February 2]]
** [[Francisco Ignacio Alcina]], Jesuit missionary and historian (d. [[1674]])
** [[Pierre Bourdelot]], French physician (d. [[1685]])
** [[Edmund Weaver (MP)|Edmund Weaver]], English politician (d. [[1672]])
* [[February 11]] – [[Salomon Idler]], German inventor (d. [[1669]])
* [[February 13]] – [[Jean de Labadie]], French pietist (d. [[1674]])
* [[February 14]] – [[Solomon Swale]], English politician (d. [[1678]])
* [[March 3]] – [[Pierre Dupuis]], French painter (d. [[1682]])
* [[March 4]] (bapt.) – [[William Dobson]], English portraitist and painter (d. [[1646]])
* [[March 14]]
** [[Frederick Cornwallis, 1st Baron Cornwallis]], English politician (d. [[1662]])
** [[Simon Louis, Count of Lippe]]-Detmolt (1627–1636) (d. [[1636]])
===April–June===
* [[April 22]] – [[Pope Alexander VIII]] (d. [[1691]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Michael J. Walsh|title=Lives of the Popes: Illustrated Biographies of Every Pope from St. Peter to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GnwsAQAAMAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Salamander|isbn=978-0-86101-960-1|page=220}}</ref>
* [[May 12]] – [[Arent Berntsen]], Norwegian statistician (d. [[1680]])
* [[May 17]] – [[Joseph Poncet]], French missionary (d. [[1675]])
* [[May 18]] – [[Stefano della Bella]], Italian printmaker (d. [[1664]])
* [[June 1]] – [[Hendrik Martenszoon Sorgh]], Dutch painter (d. [[1670]])
* [[June 17]] – [[Birgitte Thott]], Danish scholar, writer and translator (b. [[1662]])
* [[June 24]] – [[Thomas Hales (settler)|Thomas Hales]], Connecticut settler (d. [[1679]])
===July–September===
* [[July 2]] – [[Francis Browne, 3rd Viscount Montagu]] in the Peerage of England (d. [[1682]])
* [[July 6]] – [[Hugh Forth]], English politician (d. [[1676]])
* [[July 8]] ''(bapt.)'' – [[Richard Deane (regicide)|Richard Deane]], English military commander and regicide (d. [[1653]])
* [[July 11]] – [[William Widdrington, 1st Baron Widdrington]], English landowner, politician (d. [[1651]])
* [[July 14]] – [[Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]] (d. [[1670]])
* [[July 18]] – [[Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra]], Spanish dramatist and historian (d. [[1686]])
* [[July 28]] ''(bapt.)'' – [[Henry Glapthorne]], English dramatist (d. c.[[1643]])
* [[July 30]] – [[Lorens von der Linde]], Swedish field marshal (d. [[1670]])
* [[August 2]] – [[Edward Master]], English politician (d. [[1691]])
* [[August 4]] – [[Cornelis Evertsen the Elder]], Dutch admiral (d. [[1666]])
* [[August 23]] – [[Susanna Margarete of Anhalt-Dessau]], Princess of Anhalt-Dessau (d. [[1663]])
* [[September 4]] – [[Giovanni Andrea Sirani]], Italian painter (d. [[1670]])
* [[September 6]]
** [[Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena]], Italian noble (d. [[1658]])
** [[Luke Robinson (died 1669)|Luke Robinson]], English politician (d. [[1669]])
** [[David Wemyss, 2nd Earl of Wemyss]], Scottish earl (d. [[1679]])
* [[September 10]] – [[Sir Edward Seymour, 3rd Baronet]], Member of Parliament (d. [[1688]])
* [[September 24]] – [[Huang Zongxi]], Chinese political theorist, philosopher, naturalist, writer and soldier (d. [[1695]])
* [[September 28]] – [[Henry Hastings, 1st Baron Loughborough]], English Royalist army commander in the English Civil War (d. [[1666]])
* [[September 29]] – [[Gabriel Druillettes]], French missionary (d. [[1681]])
===October–December===
* [[October 3]] – [[Gabriel Lalemant]], Jesuit missionary in New France, beginning in 1646 (d. [[1649]])
* [[October 6]] – [[Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier]], French soldier, the governor of the Louis (d. [[1690]])
* [[October 19]] – [[James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde]], Anglo-Irish statesman and soldier (d. [[1688]])
* [[October 28]] – [[Jacob Kettler]], German noble (d. [[1682]])
* [[November 8]] – [[Pietro Vidoni]], Italian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1681]])
* [[November 20]] – [[Henry Heyman]], English politician (d. [[1658]])
* [[November 22]] – [[Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony]] (d. [[1684]])
* [[November 28]] – [[Augustine Warner]], Virginia planter, politician (d. [[1674]])
* [[December 9]] – [[Baldassare Ferri]], Italian ''castrato'' singer (d. [[1680]])
* [[December 10]] – [[Adriaen van Ostade]], Dutch painter (d. [[1685]])
* [[December 15]] – [[David Teniers the Younger]], Flemish artist born in Antwerp (d. [[1690]])
* [[December 18]] – [[Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange]], French philologist and historian (d. [[1688]])
* [[December 25]]
** [[David Christiani]], German mathematician and philosopher (d. [[1688]])
** [[Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Nottingham]], son of Charles Howard (d. [[1681]])
* [[December 28]] – [[Basil of Ostrog]], Serbian Orthodox bishop venerated as Saint Vasilije (d. [[1671]])
===Date unknown===
* [[Dirck Rembrantsz van Nierop]], Dutch astronomer and cartographer (d. [[1682]])
* [[Maria Cunitz]], Silesian astronomer (d. [[1664]])
* [[Li Yu (author)|Li Yu]], Chinese writer (d. [[1680]])
* [[François Eudes de Mézeray]], French historian (d. [[1683]])
* [[Karin Thomasdotter]], Finnish official (d. [[1697]])
* [[Emmanuel Tzanes]], Greek painter (d. [[1690]])
* [[Marie Meurdrac]], French chemist and alchemist (d. [[1680]])
* [[Leonora Duarte]], Flemish composer and musician (d. [[1678]])
===Probable===
* [[George Carteret]], Jersey-born English Royalist statesman (d. [[1680]])
* [[Jeremias de Dekker]], Dutch poet (d. [[1666]])
* [[Abraham Duquesne]], French naval officer (d. [[1688]])
* [[Jin Shengtan]], Chinese editor (d. [[1661]])
== Deaths ==
[[File:Anna of the Veldenz Palatinate 1580 by unknown.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Princess Anna Maria of Sweden]]]]
[[File:Ricciportrait.jpg|thumb|110px|Servant of God [[Matteo Ricci]]]]
[[File:Musée national du Château de Pau - Portait d'Henri IV en Mars - Ambroise Dubois P 81 20 1.jpg|thumb|110px|King [[Henry IV of France]]]]
[[File:Glympton StMary ThomasTesdale alabaster.JPG|thumb|110px|[[Thomas Tesdale]]]]
[[File:Adam Elsheimer self portrait 01.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Adam Elsheimer]]]]
=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]]
** [[Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini]], Italian Catholic cardinal (b. [[1551]])
** [[François Feuardent]], French theologian (b. [[1539]])
* [[January 9]] – [[Herman van der Mast]], Dutch Renaissance painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. c. [[1550]])
* [[January 10]] – [[Mateo de Oviedo]], Archbishop of Dublin (b. [[1547]])
* [[February 4]] – [[Hannibal Vyvyan]], English politician (b. [[1545]])
* [[February 5]] – [[Strange Jørgenssøn]], Norwegian businessman (b. [[1539]])
* [[February 22]] – [[Polykarp Leyser the Elder]], German theologian (b. [[1552]])
* [[February 27]] – [[Philippe Canaye]], French diplomat (b. [[1551]])
* [[March 6]] – [[Benedict Pereira]], Spanish theologian (b. [[1535]])
* [[March 7]] – [[Maria, Abbess of Quedlinburg]], German abbess (b. [[1571]])
* [[March 19]]
** [[Valeriano Muti]], Italian Catholic prelate (year of birth unknown)
** [[Hasegawa Tōhaku]], Japanese painter (b. [[1539]])
* [[March 20]] – [[Anna of Sweden (1545–1610)|Princess Anna Maria of Sweden]], Swedish royal (b. [[1545]])
* [[March 24]] – [[Henry Cocke]], English politician (b. [[1538]])
* [[March 28]] – [[Wolfgang, Count of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim]], German count (b. [[1546]])
* [[March 30]] – [[Thomas Gorges]], English knight (b. [[1536]])
=== April–June ===
* [[April 7]] – [[Hirata Masumune]], Japanese samurai (b. [[1566]])
* [[April 15]] – [[Robert Persons|Robert Parsons]], English Jesuit priest (b. [[1546]])
* [[April 24]] – [[Anna of Holstein-Gottorp]], German noblewoman (b. [[1575]])
* [[May 11]]
** [[Ikoma Kazumasa]], Japanese samurai (b. [[1555]])
** [[Matteo Ricci]], Italian [[Jesuit]] priest and servant of God (b. [[1552]])
* [[May 14]] – King [[Henry IV of France]], (assassinated) (b. [[1553]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Henry IV {{!}} king of France {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-IV-king-of-France |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=12 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 17]] – [[Gervase Babington]], English churchman (b. [[1549]])
* [[May 19]] – [[Thomas Sanchez]], Spanish theologian (b. [[1550]])
* [[May 27]] – [[François Ravaillac]], French assassin of Henry IV of France (executed) (b. [[1578]])
* [[June 4]] – [[David Hilchen]], [[Baltic German]] humanist and politician (b. [[1561]])
* [[June 13]] – [[Thomas Tesdale]], English maltster (b. [[1547]])
=== July–September ===
[[File:Bild-Ottavio Leoni, Caravaggio.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Caravaggio]]]]
* July – [[Richard Knolles]], English historian (b. [[1545]])
* [[July 14]] – [[Francis Solanus]], Spanish friar and missionary in South America (b. [[1549]])
* [[July 17]] – [[Amandus Polanus]], German writer (b. [[1561]])
* [[July 18]] – [[Caravaggio|Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio]], Italian painter active in Rome (b. [[1571]])
* [[July 22]] – [[Charles I, Duke of Mecklenburg]] (b. [[1540]])
* [[July 27]] – [[Jacob van Langren]], Dutch cartographer and globe-maker (b. [[1525]])
* [[August 20]] – [[Stanisław Stadnicki]], Polish nobleman (b. [[1551]])
* [[August 25]] – [[Mabel Browne, Countess of Kildare]], Irish noble (b. [[1536]])
* [[September 13]] – [[Tomás de Borja y Castro]], Spanish Catholic archbishop (b. [[1551]])
* [[September 19]] – [[Frederick IV, Elector Palatine]] (b. [[1574]])
* [[September 22]] – [[Jan Moretus]], Belgian printer (b. [[1543]])
=== October–December ===
* [[October 14]] – [[Amago Yoshihisa]], Japanese samurai and warlord (b. [[1540]])
* [[November 2]] – [[Richard Bancroft]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (b. [[1544]])
* [[November 24]] – [[Duchess Sophie of Prussia]], duchess consort of Courland (1609–1610) (b. [[1582]])
* [[December 3]] – [[Honda Tadakatsu]], Japanese soldier (b. [[1548]])
* [[December 10]] – [[John Roberts (martyr)|John Roberts]], Welsh Benedictine monk and priest (b. [[1577]])
* [[December 11]]
** [[Adam Elsheimer]], German artist working in Rome who died at only thirty-two (b. [[1578]])
** [[False Dmitry II]], pretender to the Russian throne
* [[December 21]] – [[Catherine Vasa]], Swedish princess (b. [[1539]])
* [[December 31]] – [[Ludolph van Ceulen]], German mathematician (b. [[1540]])
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1610}}
[[Category:1610| ]]
| 1,279,563,637 |
[{"title": "1610 in various calendars", "data": {"Gregorian calendar": "1610 \u00b7 MDCX", "Ab urbe condita": "2363", "Armenian calendar": "1059 \u00b7 \u0539\u054e \u054c\u053e\u0539", "Assyrian calendar": "6360", "Balinese saka calendar": "1531\u20131532", "Bengali calendar": "1016\u20131017", "Berber calendar": "2560", "English Regnal year": "7 Ja. 1 \u2013 8 Ja. 1", "Buddhist calendar": "2154", "Burmese calendar": "972", "Byzantine calendar": "7118\u20137119", "Chinese calendar": "\u5df1\u9149\u5e74 (Earth Rooster) \u00b7 4307 or 4100 \u00b7 \u2014 to \u2014 \u00b7 \u5e9a\u620c\u5e74 (Metal Dog) \u00b7 4308 or 4101", "Coptic calendar": "1326\u20131327", "Discordian calendar": "2776", "Ethiopian calendar": "1602\u20131603", "Hebrew calendar": "5370\u20135371", "- Vikram Samvat": "1666\u20131667", "- Shaka Samvat": "1531\u20131532", "- Kali Yuga": "4710\u20134711", "Holocene calendar": "11610", "Igbo calendar": "610\u2013611", "Iranian calendar": "988\u2013989", "Islamic calendar": "1018\u20131019", "Japanese calendar": "Keich\u014d 15 \u00b7 (\u6176\u9577\uff11\uff15\u5e74)", "Javanese calendar": "1530\u20131531", "Julian calendar": "Gregorian minus 10 days", "Korean calendar": "3943", "Minguo calendar": "302 before ROC \u00b7 \u6c11\u524d302\u5e74", "Nanakshahi calendar": "142", "Thai solar calendar": "2152\u20132153", "Tibetan calendar": "\u9634\u571f\u9e21\u5e74 \u00b7 (female Earth-Rooster) \u00b7 1736 or 1355 or 583 \u00b7 \u2014 to \u2014 \u00b7 \u9633\u91d1\u72d7\u5e74 \u00b7 (male Iron-Dog) \u00b7 1737 or 1356 or 584"}}]
| false |
# 160th Signal Brigade (United States)
The 160th Signal Brigade is a communications formation of the United States Army, currently based at Camp Arifjan, Kuwait. It traces its history back to the end of the Second World War.
## Mission
The 160th Strategic Signal Brigade is formally tasked to 'provide the United States Army Central Command and Third United States Army with enterprise communications capabilities necessary to accomplish missions throughout the Southwest Asia and the United States Central Command area of responsibility.'
## Brigade history
The history of the Headquarters 160th Signal Brigade dates back to World War II. On 6 March 1945, the 3160th Signal Services Battalion was activated in France, under the 12th Army Group. The unit's mission was to provide radio and wire communications, and messenger service. For its participation in the Europe and Rhineland campaigns, the unit was awarded the Meritorious Unit Commendation with Battle Streamer. The 3160th Signal Services Battalion was deactivated in Germany on 20 June 1947.
On 3 December 1954, the 3160th Signal Services Battalion was re-designated as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 160th Signal Group. Allotted to the Regular Army, the unit was reactivated in Germany on 28 January 1955, with the mission of providing fixed station communications throughout Germany. It was subsequently deactivated on 1 October 1961.
On 25 March 1963, the 160th Signal Group was reactivated again and assigned to the 13th Support Brigade at Fort Hood, Texas. Destined for the Vietnam War, the 160th Signal Group arrived in Vietnam on 20 April 1967, and provided headquarters support in the Saigon and Long Binh area. The 160th Signal Group also provided cable construction, photographic, and communications security logistics support throughout the country. The unit received eight Battle Streamers for its participation in 14 campaigns including Counteroffensive, Phases II through VII, the Tet Counteroffensive, Consolidation and the Cease-fire. The 160th Signal Group returned to the United States, where it was deactivated on 3 June 1972 at Oakland, California.
The 160th Signal Group was reactivated for the third time on 1 July 1974, at Karlsruhe Germany and re-designated on 1 October 1979, as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 160th Signal Brigade, part of United States Army Europe. Its mission was to provide information mission area services, command, control and support of fixed station communications throughout Southern Germany and the United Kingdom. On 15 April 1991, the reorganization of the 5th Signal Command began with the brigade assuming the strategic communications mission for the entire theater. On 23 August 1991, the brigade was inactivated and its mission was assumed by the 302nd Signal Battalion.
The Headquarters 160th Signal Brigade was re-activated for the fourth time on 3 September 2003, at Camp Arifjan, Kuwait with two battalions: the 25th and 54th Signal Battalions. The Headquarters 160th Signal Brigade continues to provide the United States Army Central Command and Third United States Army with enterprise communications capabilities necessary to accomplish missions throughout Southwest Asia and the United States Central Command area of responsibility.
## Subordinate units
- Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC), 160th Signal Brigade
- S1 – Personnel
- S2 – Intelligence & Security
- S3 – Operations
- S4 – Logistics
- 25th Signal Battalion
- HHD 25th Signal Battalion
- US Army Network Enterprise Center – Qatar (formerly 580th Signal Company)
- 54th Strategic Signal Battalion
- HHD 54th Strategic Signal Battalion
- USASA Kuwait Defense Satellite Communication Systems (USASA-Kuwait DSCS, formerly 56th Signal Company)
- US Army Network Enterprise Center – Arifjan (USANEC-Arifjan, formerly 228th Signal Company)
- US Army Network Enterprise Center – Kuwait (USANEC-Kuwait, formerly 519th Signal Company)
- US Army Network Enterprise Center - Buerhing
- 51st Expeditionary Signal Battalion - Enhanced
## Former Commanders
- Colonel Thomas J. Paff, 2024-Present
- Colonel Michael J. Temko, 2022-2024
- Colonel Alton J. Johnson, 2020-2022
- Colonel Paul S. Sparks, 2018-2020
- Colonel Kevin L. Griggs, 2016–2018
- Colonel Duane K. Green, 2014–2016
- Colonel Linda C. Jantzen, 2012–2014
- Colonel Maria B. Barrett, 2010–2012
- Colonel Ronald R. Stimeare 2008-2010
- Colonel John M. Schleifer 2006-2008
- Colonel William J. Scott, 2005–2006
- Colonel John A. Wilcox, 2004-2005
- Colonel John M. Blaine III, 2003-2004
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/160th_Signal_Brigade_(United_States)
|
2024-11-19T15:59:27Z
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en
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Q4551167
| 18,655 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 160th Signal Brigade
| image= 160SignalBdeSSI.png
| image_size = 120
|caption= 160th Signal Brigade Insignia
|dates= 1945–1947 1955–1961 1963–1972 1974–1991 2003 – present
|country= United States
|allegiance=
|branch= [[United States Army]]
|type= [[Telecommunication|Communication]]s
|role=
|size=
|command_structure= [[1st Sustainment Command (Theater)]]
|garrison= Camp Arifjan, Kuwait
|nickname=
|patron=
|motto="Finest of the First"
|colors=Orange and white are the colors associated with the Signal Corps, and the color blue refers to the unit's capability to support the combat mission. The yellow flashes are an allusion to the basic mission of the organization and along with the globe, denoting the worldwide scope of the unit's mission and the US Army Communications Command.
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=[[World War II]], Vietnam, [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]
[[Operation Iraqi Freedom]]
|anniversaries=
|identification_symbol=[[File:160th Signal Brigade Distinctive Unit Insignia.svg|150px]]
|identification_symbol_label=Distinctive Unit Insignia
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2_label=
|current_commander= Colonel Thomas J. Paff
|current_csm= Command Sergeant Major Jimmyjoe B. Castro
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
}}
The '''160th Signal Brigade''' is a communications [[formation (military)|formation]] of the [[United States Army]], currently based at [[Camp Arifjan]], Kuwait. It traces its history back to the end of the [[Second World War]].
==Mission==
The 160th Strategic Signal Brigade is formally tasked to 'provide the United States Army Central Command and Third United States Army with enterprise communications capabilities necessary to accomplish missions throughout the Southwest Asia and the United States Central Command area of responsibility.'
==Brigade history==
The history of the Headquarters 160th Signal Brigade dates back to World War II. On 6 March 1945, the 3160th Signal Services Battalion was activated in France, under the 12th Army Group. The unit's mission was to provide radio and wire communications, and messenger service. For its participation in the Europe and Rhineland campaigns, the unit was awarded the Meritorious Unit Commendation with Battle Streamer. The 3160th Signal Services Battalion was deactivated in Germany on 20 June 1947.
On 3 December 1954, the 3160th Signal Services Battalion was re-designated as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 160th Signal Group. Allotted to the Regular Army, the unit was reactivated in Germany on 28 January 1955, with the mission of providing fixed station communications throughout Germany. It was subsequently deactivated on 1 October 1961.
On 25 March 1963, the 160th Signal Group was reactivated again and assigned to the 13th Support Brigade at Fort Hood, Texas. Destined for the [[Vietnam War]], the 160th Signal Group arrived in Vietnam on 20 April 1967, and provided headquarters support in the Saigon and Long Binh area. The 160th Signal Group also provided cable construction, photographic, and communications security logistics support throughout the country. The unit received eight Battle Streamers for its participation in 14 campaigns including Counteroffensive, Phases II through VII, the Tet Counteroffensive, Consolidation and the Cease-fire. The 160th Signal Group returned to the United States, where it was deactivated on 3 June 1972 at Oakland, California.
The 160th Signal Group was reactivated for the third time on 1 July 1974, at Karlsruhe Germany and re-designated on 1 October 1979, as Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 160th Signal Brigade, part of [[United States Army Europe]]. Its mission was to provide information mission area services, command, control and support of fixed station communications throughout Southern Germany and the United Kingdom. On 15 April 1991, the reorganization of the 5th Signal Command began with the brigade assuming the strategic communications mission for the entire theater. On 23 August 1991, the brigade was inactivated and its mission was assumed by the 302nd Signal Battalion.
The Headquarters 160th Signal Brigade was re-activated for the fourth time on 3 September 2003, at [[Camp Arifjan]], Kuwait with two battalions: the 25th and 54th Signal Battalions. The Headquarters 160th Signal Brigade continues to provide the United States Army Central Command and Third United States Army with enterprise communications capabilities necessary to accomplish missions throughout Southwest Asia and the United States Central Command area of responsibility.
==Subordinate units==
*Headquarters and Headquarters Company (HHC), 160th Signal Brigade
**S1 – Personnel
**S2 – Intelligence & Security
**S3 – Operations
**S4 – Logistics
*[[File:25 Sig Bn DUI.jpg|25px]] [[25th Signal Battalion (United States)|25th Signal Battalion]]
**HHD 25th Signal Battalion
**US Army Network Enterprise Center – Qatar (formerly 580th Signal Company)
*[[File:54_Sig_Bn_DUI.png|25px]] [[54th Strategic Signal Battalion]]
**HHD 54th Strategic Signal Battalion
**USASA Kuwait Defense Satellite Communication Systems (USASA-Kuwait DSCS, formerly 56th Signal Company)
**US Army Network Enterprise Center – Arifjan (USANEC-Arifjan, formerly 228th Signal Company)
**US Army Network Enterprise Center – Kuwait (USANEC-Kuwait, formerly 519th Signal Company)
**US Army Network Enterprise Center - Buerhing
**51st Expeditionary Signal Battalion - Enhanced
==Former Commanders==
*Colonel Thomas J. Paff, 2024-Present
*Colonel Michael J. Temko, 2022-2024
*Colonel Alton J. Johnson, 2020-2022
*Colonel Paul S. Sparks, 2018-2020
*Colonel Kevin L. Griggs, 2016–2018
*Colonel Duane K. Green, 2014–2016
*Colonel Linda C. Jantzen, 2012–2014
*Colonel Maria B. Barrett, 2010–2012
*Colonel Ronald R. Stimeare 2008-2010
*Colonel John M. Schleifer 2006-2008
*Colonel William J. Scott, 2005–2006
*Colonel John A. Wilcox, 2004-2005
*Colonel John M. Blaine III, 2003-2004
==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090114170939/http://www.160thsignalbrigade.swa.army.mil/ Official DOD website for 160th Signal Brigade]
[[Category:Signal brigades of the United States Army]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1945]]
| 1,258,412,811 |
[{"title": "160th Signal Brigade", "data": {"Active": "1945\u20131947 1955\u20131961 1963\u20131972 1974\u20131991 2003 \u2013 present", "Country": "United States", "Branch": "United States Army", "Type": "Communications", "Part of": "1st Sustainment Command (Theater)", "Garrison/HQ": "Camp Arifjan, Kuwait", "Motto(s)": "\"Finest of the First\"", "Colors": "Orange and white are the colors associated with the Signal Corps, and the color blue refers to the unit's capability to support the combat mission. The yellow flashes are an allusion to the basic mission of the organization and along with the globe, denoting the worldwide scope of the unit's mission and the US Army Communications Command.", "Engagements": "World War II, Vietnam, Operation Enduring Freedom Operation Iraqi Freedom"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Current \u00b7 commander": "Colonel Thomas J. Paff"}}]
| false |
# 1932 Cuban parliamentary election
Mid-term parliamentary elections were held in Cuba on 1 November 1932 in order to fill half the seats in the House of Representatives. The Liberal Party was the biggest winner, taking 35 of the 69 seats.
## Results
| Party | Party | Seats |
| -------------- | --------------------------- | ----- |
| | Liberal Party of Cuba | 35 |
| | National Conservative Party | 25 |
| | Cuban Popular Party | 9 |
| Total | Total | 69 |
| | | |
| Source: Nohlen | | |
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1932 Cuban parliamentary election
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Cuban_parliamentary_election
|
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|
en
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Q5192106
| 62,388 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Politics of Cuba}}
Mid-term parliamentary elections were held in [[Cuba]] on 1 November 1932 in order to fill half the seats in the [[Congress of Cuba|House of Representatives]].<ref name=N1>[[Dieter Nohlen]] (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p203 {{ISBN|978-0-19-928357-6}}</ref> The [[Liberal Party of Cuba|Liberal Party]] was the biggest winner, taking 35 of the 69 seats.
==Results==
{{Election results
|party1=[[Liberal Party of Cuba]]|votes1=|seats1=35
|party2=[[National Conservative Party (Cuba)|National Conservative Party]]|votes2=|seats2=25
|party3=[[Cuban Popular Party]]|votes3=|seats3=9
|source=Nohlen
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Cuban elections}}
[[Category:1932 elections in the Caribbean|Cuba]]
[[Category:Parliamentary elections in Cuba]]
[[Category:1932 in Cuba]]
[[Category:November 1932 in North America]]
[[Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results]]
| 1,274,660,262 |
[]
| false |
# 1928 in Canadian football
## Canadian Football News in 1928
The Tri-City Rugby Football League was formed on August 25 and consisted of Moose Jaw, Regina and two teams from Winnipeg. The league played an unbalanced schedule. Provincial champions for the MRFU and SRFU were determined by head-to-head games of provincial rivals in the Tri-City League. The Union disbanded the following year because of travel expenses. Saskatchewan and Manitoba reverted to playing games within their respective provinces.
First radio play-by-play broadcast of a Grey Cup Game was on December 1.
Jack Hamilton served as president of the Western Interprovincial Football Union for the season.
## Regular season
### Final regular season standings
Note: GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| ----------------- | -- | - | - | - | -- | --- | --- |
| Hamilton Tigers | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 90 | 22 | 12 |
| Montreal AAA | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 62 | 34 | 6 |
| Toronto Argonauts | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 30 | 45 | 3 |
| Ottawa Senators | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 22 | 103 | 3 |
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| ---------------------------- | -- | - | - | - | --- | --- | --- |
| Group No. 1 | | | | | | | |
| Sarnia Imperials | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 35 | 28 | 4 |
| Toronto Varsity Orfuns | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 31 | 30 | 4 |
| Kitchener Panthers | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 20 | 28 | 4 |
| Group No. 2 | | | | | | | |
| Toronto Balmy Beach Beachers | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 103 | 6 | 8 |
| Camp Borden | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 52 | 46 | 4 |
| Hamilton Tiger Cubs | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 11 | 114 | 0 |
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| -------------------- | -- | - | - | - | -- | -- | --- |
| McGill Redmen | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 39 | 20 | 6 |
| Queen's Golden Gaels | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 29 | 24 | 4 |
| Varsity Blues | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 38 | 52 | 2 |
*Bold text means that they have clinched the playoffs
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| ----------------------- | -- | - | - | - | --- | --- | --- |
| Regina Roughriders | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 125 | 11 | 12 |
| Winnipeg St.John's | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 43 | 28 | 7 |
| Winnipeg Tammany Tigers | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 27 | 64 | 2 |
| Moose Jaw Maroons | 6 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 12 | 104 | 1 |
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| --------------------------------- | -- | - | - | - | -- | -- | --- |
| Edmonton Eskimos | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 31 | 26 | 6 |
| University of Alberta Polar Bears | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 44 | 36 | 4 |
| Calgary Tigers | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 32 | 45 | 2 |
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| -------------------------------------- | -- | - | - | - | --- | --- | --- |
| University of British Columbia Varsity | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 114 | 25 | 12 |
| Vancouver Meralomas | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 89 | 61 | 6 |
| Victoria Travellers Football Club | 6 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 59 | 66 | 4 |
| New Westminster Wildcats | 6 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 26 | 136 | 2 |
## League Champions
| Football Union | League Champion |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------ |
| IRFU | Hamilton Tigers |
| WCRFU | Regina Roughriders |
| CIRFU | McGill University |
| ORFU | University of Toronto Orfuns |
| Tri-City Rugby Football League | Regina Roughriders |
| MRFU | suspended play |
| SRFU | suspended play |
| ARFU | Edmonton Eskimos |
| BCRFU | University of British Columbia |
## Grey Cup playoffs
Note: All dates in 1928
### Western Inter-Collegiate Rugby Football Union - total points series
| Date | Away | Home |
| ----------- | ------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------- |
| October 27 | University of Manitoba 6 | University of Alberta Polar Bears 20 |
| November 21 | University of Alberta Polar Bears 20 | University of British Columbia Varsity 11 |
| November 24 | University of Alberta Polar Bears 13 | University of British Columbia Varsity 6 |
- University of Alberta Polar Bears win series.
### ORFU semifinals
| Date | Away | Home |
| ----------- | ------------------------------ | ------------------------ |
| November 12 | Toronto Balmy Beach Beachers 0 | Toronto Varsity Orfuns 1 |
- Varsity advances to the ORFU Final.
### ORFU tie-breaker
| Date | Away | Home |
| ----------- | ------------------- | -------------------- |
| November 14 | Sarnia Imperials 16 | Kitchener Panthers 6 |
- Sarnia advances to the ORFU Final.
### ORFU final
| Date | Away | Home |
| ----------- | ------------------ | ------------------------ |
| November 17 | Sarnia Imperials 0 | Toronto Varsity Orfuns 6 |
- Varsity advances to the East Final.
### East final
| Date | Away | Home |
| ----------- | ------------------------ | ------------------ |
| November 24 | Toronto Varsity Orfuns 5 | Hamilton Tigers 28 |
- Hamilton advanced to the East Final game due to McGill declining to participate.[4]
### Western final
| Date | Away | Home |
| ---------- | -------------------- | --------------------- |
| October 27 | Winnipeg St.John's 1 | Regina Roughriders 12 |
- Regina advances to the Grey Cup game due to the Alberta and BC champions declining to participate due to the length of their seasons.
## Playoff bracket
| | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | Quarterfinals | | | Semifinals | Semifinals | Semifinals | | | Grey Cup final | Grey Cup final | Grey Cup final | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | IRFU | Hamilton Tigers | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | IRFU | Hamilton Tigers | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | CIRFU | McGill University | Forfeit | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | CIRFU | McGill University | Forfeit | | IRFU | Hamilton Tigers | 28 | | | | | | | |
| | EAST | | | | IRFU | Hamilton Tigers | 28 | | | | | | | |
| | | | ORFU | Toronto Varsity Orfuns | 6 | | | | | | | | | |
| | ORFU | Toronto Varsity Orfuns | ORFU | Toronto Varsity Orfuns | 6 | 6 | | | | | | | | |
| | ORFU | Toronto Varsity Orfuns | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ORFU | Sarnia Imperials | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ORFU | Sarnia Imperials | 0 | | IRFU | Hamilton Tigers | 30 | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | SRFU | Regina Roughriders | 0 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | Regina Roughriders | 0 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | Tri City | Regina Roughriders | 12 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | WEST | Tri City | Regina Roughriders | 12 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Tri City | Winnipeg St.John's | 1 | | | | | | | | | |
| | ARFU | Edmonton Eskimos | Tri City | Winnipeg St.John's | 1 | no game | | | | | | | | |
| | ARFU | Edmonton Eskimos | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | BCRFU | UBC | no game | | | | | | | | | | | |
## Grey Cup Championship
| December 1 16th Annual Grey Cup Game: A.A.A. Grounds - Hamilton, Ontario | December 1 16th Annual Grey Cup Game: A.A.A. Grounds - Hamilton, Ontario | December 1 16th Annual Grey Cup Game: A.A.A. Grounds - Hamilton, Ontario | December 1 16th Annual Grey Cup Game: A.A.A. Grounds - Hamilton, Ontario |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Regina Roughriders 0 | Hamilton Tigers 30 | | |
| The Hamilton Tigers are the 1928 Grey Cup Champions | | | |
## 1928 Canadian Football Awards
- Jeff Russel Memorial Trophy (IRFU MVP) – Ernie Cox (C), Hamilton Tigers
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{{Year nav sports topic5|1928|Canadian football|sports}}
==Canadian Football News in 1928==
The Tri-City Rugby Football League was formed on August 25 and consisted of Moose Jaw, Regina and two teams from Winnipeg. The league played an unbalanced schedule. Provincial champions for the MRFU and SRFU were determined by head-to-head games of provincial rivals in the Tri-City League. The Union disbanded the following year because of travel expenses. Saskatchewan and Manitoba reverted to playing games within their respective provinces.
First radio play-by-play broadcast of a [[Grey Cup]] Game was on December 1.
[[Jack Hamilton (sports executive)|Jack Hamilton]] served as president of the Western Interprovincial Football Union for the season.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ferguson|first=Bob|author-link=Bob Ferguson (journalist)|title=Who's Who in Canadian Sport, Volume 4|publisher=Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd.|date=2005|location=Markham, Ontario|isbn=1-55041-855-6|page=184}}</ref>
==Regular season==
===Final regular season standings===
'''''Note:''' GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points''
{| cellspacing="10"
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''[[CFL East Division|Interprovincial Rugby Football Union]]'''
! Team !! GP !! W !! L !! T !! PF !! PA !! Pts
|- align="center"
| align="left" | '''[[Hamilton Tigers (football)|Hamilton Tigers]]''' || 6 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 90 || 22 || 12
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[Montreal AAA Winged Wheelers|Montreal AAA]] || 6 || 3 || 3 || 0 || 62 || 34 || 6
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[Toronto Argonauts]] || 6 || 1 || 4 || 1 || 30 || 45 || 3
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[Ottawa Rough Riders|Ottawa Senators]] || 6 || 1 || 4 || 1 || 22 || 103 || 3
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[Ontario Rugby Football Union]]<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0m8uAAAAIBAJ&sjid=p9kFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4933%2C2698104 Ottawa Citizen - November 13, 1928</ref>
! Team !! GP !! W !! L !! T !! PF !! PA !! Pts
|-
|align="center" colspan="8"|''Group No. 1''
|- align="center"
| align="left" | '''[[Sarnia Imperials]]''' || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 35 || 28 || 4
|- align="center"
| align="left" | '''Toronto Varsity Orfuns'''|| 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 31 || 30 || 4
|- align="center"
| align="left" | '''Kitchener Panthers'''|| 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 20 || 28 || 4
|-
|align="center" colspan="8"|''Group No. 2''
|- align="center"
| align="left" | '''[[Toronto Balmy Beach Beachers]]''' || 4 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 103 || 6 || 8
|- align="center"
| align="left" | Camp Borden || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 52 || 46 || 4
|- align="center"
| align="left" | Hamilton Tiger Cubs || 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 11 || 114 || 0
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''[[CIS football|Intercollegiate Rugby Football Union]]''' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=QBJtjoHflPwC&dat=19281113&printsec=frontpage|title=Ottawa Citizen - Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com|access-date=2017-03-06}}</ref>
! Team !! GP !! W !! L !! T !! PF !! PA !! Pts
|- align="center"
| align="left" | '''[[McGill Redmen]]''' || 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 39 || 20 || 6
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[Queen's Golden Gaels]] || 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 29 || 24 || 4
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[Toronto Varsity Blues|Varsity Blues]] || 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 38 || 52 || 2
|}
|}*Bold text means that they have clinched the playoffs
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Tri-City Rugby Football League
! Team !! GP !! W !! L !! T !! PF !! PA !! Pts
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[Regina Roughriders]] || 6 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 125 || 11 || 12
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[Winnipeg St.John's]] || 5 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 43 || 28 || 7
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[Winnipeg Tammany Tigers]] || 5 || 1 || 4 || 0 || 27 || 64 || 2
|- align="center"
| align="left" |Moose Jaw Maroons || 6 || 0 || 5 || 1 || 12 || 104 || 1
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[Alberta Rugby Football Union]]
! Team !! GP !! W !! L !! T !! PF !! PA !! Pts
|- align="center"
| align="left" | Edmonton Eskimos || 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 31 ||26 || 6
|- align="center"
| align="left" | University of Alberta Polar Bears|| 4 || 2 || 2 || 0 || 44 || 36 || 4
|- align="center"
| align="left" | Calgary Tigers|| 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 32 || 45 || 2
|- align="center"
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[British Columbia Rugby Football Union|BCRFU]] - BC Big Four
! Team !! GP !! W !! L !! T !! PF !! PA !! Pts
|- align="center"
| align="left" | University of British Columbia Varsity || 6 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 114 || 25 || 12
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[Vancouver Meralomas]] || 6 || 3 || 3 || 0 || 89 || 61 || 6
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[Victoria Travellers Football Club]] || 6 || 2 || 4 || 0 || 59 || 66 || 4
|- align="center"
| align="left" | New Westminster Wildcats || 6 || 1 || 5 || 0 || 26 || 136 || 2
|- align="center"
|}
==League Champions==
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
|-
! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" | Football Union
! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" | League Champion
|-
|[[Interprovincial Rugby Football Union|IRFU]]
|[[Hamilton Tigers (football)|Hamilton Tigers]]
|-
|[[Western Canada Rugby Football Union|WCRFU]]
|[[Saskatchewan Roughriders|Regina Roughriders]]
|-
|[[Canadian Interuniversity Sport|CIRFU]]
|[[McGill Redmen|McGill University]]
|-
|[[Ontario Rugby Football Union|ORFU]]
|University of Toronto Orfuns
|-
|Tri-City Rugby Football League
|[[Saskatchewan Roughriders|Regina Roughriders]]
|-
|[[Manitoba Rugby Football Union|MRFU]]
|suspended play
|-
|[[Saskatchewan Rugby Football Union|SRFU]]
|suspended play
|-
|[[Alberta Rugby Football Union|ARFU]]
|Edmonton Eskimos
|-
|[[British Columbia Rugby Football Union|BCRFU]]
|[[UBC Thunderbirds|University of British Columbia]]
|}
==Grey Cup playoffs==
''Note: All dates in 1928''
===Western Inter-Collegiate Rugby Football Union - total points series ===
{| cellspacing="10"
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
! Date !! Away !! Home
|-
|October 27 || University of Manitoba 6 || '''University of Alberta Polar Bears 20'''
|-
|November 21 || '''University of Alberta Polar Bears 20''' || University of British Columbia Varsity 11
|-
|November 24 || '''University of Alberta Polar Bears 13''' || University of British Columbia Varsity 6
|}
|}
*''University of Alberta Polar Bears win series.''
===ORFU semifinals===
{| cellspacing="10"
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
! Date !! Away !! Home
|-
|November 12||[[Toronto Balmy Beach Beachers]] 0 || '''Toronto Varsity Orfuns 1'''
|}
|}
*''Varsity advances to the ORFU Final.''
{{Clear}}
===ORFU tie-breaker===
{| cellspacing="10"
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
! Date !! Away !! Home
|-
|November 14|| '''[[Sarnia Imperials]] 16'''||''' Kitchener Panthers 6'''
|}
|}
*''Sarnia advances to the ORFU Final.''
{{Clear}}
===ORFU final===
{| cellspacing="10"
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
! Date !! Away !! Home
|-
|November 17 || [[Sarnia Imperials]] 0 || '''Toronto Varsity Orfuns 6'''
|}
|}
*''Varsity advances to the East Final.''
===East final===
{| cellspacing="10"
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
! Date !! Away !! Home
|-
|November 24 || Toronto Varsity Orfuns 5 || '''[[Hamilton Tigers (football)|Hamilton Tigers]]''' 28
|}
|}
*''Hamilton advanced to the East Final game due to McGill declining to participate.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0m8uAAAAIBAJ&sjid=p9kFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6985,2709098&dq=eastern+final&hl=en|title=Ottawa Citizen - Google News Archive Search|website=news.google.com|access-date=2017-03-06}}</ref> {{Clear}}
===Western final===
{| cellspacing="10"
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
! Date !! Away !! Home
|-
|October 27 || [[Winnipeg St.John's]] 1 || '''[[Regina Roughriders]]''' 12
|}
|}
*''Regina advances to the Grey Cup game due to the Alberta and BC champions declining to participate due to the length of their seasons.''
==Playoff bracket==
{{8TeamBracket | RD1='''Quarterfinals'''
| RD2='''Semifinals'''
| RD3='''Grey Cup final'''
| RD1-group1='''EAST'''
| RD1-group2='''WEST'''
| byes=1
| seed-width=
| score-width=
| team-width=
| RD1-seed1=IRFU
| RD1-team1=Hamilton Tigers
| RD1-score1=
| RD1-seed2=CIRFU
| RD1-team2=McGill University
| RD1-score2= Forfeit
| RD1-seed3=ORFU
| RD1-team3=Toronto Varsity Orfuns
| RD1-score3= 6
| RD1-seed4=ORFU
| RD1-team4=Sarnia Imperials
| RD1-score4= 0
| RD1-seed5=
| RD1-team5=
| RD1-score5=
| RD1-seed6=
| RD1-team6=
| RD1-score6=
| RD1-seed7=ARFU
| RD1-team7=Edmonton Eskimos
| RD1-score7= no game
| RD1-seed8=BCRFU
| RD1-team8=UBC
| RD1-score8= no game
| RD2-seed1=IRFU
| RD2-team1=Hamilton Tigers
| RD2-score1= 28
| RD2-seed2=ORFU
| RD2-team2=Toronto Varsity Orfuns
| RD2-score2= 6
| RD2-seed3=Tri City
| RD2-team3=Regina Roughriders
| RD2-score3=12
| RD2-seed4= Tri City
| RD2-team4=Winnipeg St.John's
| RD2-score4=1
| RD3-seed1=IRFU
| RD3-team1=Hamilton Tigers
| RD3-score1= 30
| RD3-seed2=SRFU
| RD3-team2=Regina Roughriders
| RD3-score2= 0
}}
==Grey Cup Championship==
{| cellspacing="10"
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
! bgcolor="#DDDDDD" colspan="4" |December 1
[[16th Grey Cup|''16th Annual Grey Cup Game'']]: [[A.A.A. Grounds]] - [[Hamilton, Ontario]]
|-
|| [[Regina Roughriders]] 0 || '''[[Hamilton Tigers (football)|Hamilton Tigers]] 30'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="4" | '''''The Hamilton Tigers are the 1928 Grey Cup Champions'''''
|-
|}
|}
{{Clear}}
==1928 Canadian Football Awards==
* [[Jeff Russel Memorial Trophy]] (IRFU MVP) – [[Ernie Cox]] (C), Hamilton Tigers
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{CFL seasons}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1928 In Canadian Football}}
[[Category:1928 in Canadian football| ]]
[[Category:Canadian Football League seasons]]
{{Canadianfootball-stub}}
| 1,159,414,061 |
[]
| false |
# 1610 in Sweden
Events from the year 1610 in Sweden
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Charles IX
## Events
- - Moscow is taken by Jakob De la Gardie during the De la Gardie Campaign.
- 4 July - Battle of Klushino with the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth army defeating Sweden and Russia [1]
- - Ingrian War
- -The Swedish campaign in Muscovy of 1609-1610
## Births
- 30 July - Lorens von der Linde, (died 1670)
- - Karin Thomasdotter, vogt (died 1697)
## Deaths
- - Catherine Vasa, princess (died 1539)
|
enwiki/47300808
|
enwiki
| 47,300,808 |
1610 in Sweden
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1610_in_Sweden
|
2025-03-04T09:56:47Z
|
en
|
Q21186979
| 86,167 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{yearbox|
in?= in Sweden|
}}
[[File:Battle of Klushino 1610.PNG|266px|thumb|right|[[Battle of Klushino (painting)|''Battle of Klushino'']] (1620), painting by {{ill|Szymon Boguszowicz|pl}}]]
Events from the year '''1610 in [[Sweden]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Swedish monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Charles IX of Sweden|Charles IX]]
==Events==
{{Expand section|date=July 2015}}
* - Moscow is taken by [[Jakob De la Gardie]] during the [[De la Gardie Campaign]].
* 4 July - [[Battle of Klushino]] with the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth army defeating Sweden and Russia <ref>{{Cite web |title=Swedish History Timeline - Important Dates & Events |url=https://www.onthisday.com/countries/sweden |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=On This Day |language=en}}</ref>
* - [[Ingrian War]]
* -The Swedish campaign in Muscovy of 1609-1610
*
*
*
==Births==
{{Expand section|date=July 2015}}
* 30 July - [[Lorens von der Linde]], (died [[1670 in Sweden|1670]])
* - [[Karin Thomasdotter]], vogt (died [[1697 in Sweden|1697]])
*
*
*
*
==Deaths==
{{Expand section|date=July 2015}}
* - [[Catherine Vasa]], princess (died [[1539 in Sweden|1539]])
*
*
*
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Year in Europe|1610}}
{{Years in Sweden}}
[[Category:1610 in Sweden| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 17th century in Sweden]]
[[Category:1610 by country|Sweden]]
{{Sweden-year-stub}}
| 1,278,747,016 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"Years in Sweden": "1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613", "Centuries": "16th century \u00b7 17th century \u00b7 18th century", "Decades": "1580s 1590s 1600s 1610s 1620s 1630s 1640s", "Years": "1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613"}}]
| false |
# 160th Virginia General Assembly
The 160th Virginia General Assembly, consisting of members who were elected in both the 2017 House election and 2015 Senate election, convened on January 9, 2018. Republicans held one-seat majorities in both chambers, losing 17 seats in the House.
## Membership
In the 2017 election, 25 women were elected to the House of Delegates, breaking the previous record of 19 that was set in 2013. On January 1, 2019, Eileen Filler-Corn became Leader of the House Democratic Caucus, succeeding David Toscano. She is the first woman to lead a caucus in the 400-year history of the Virginia House of Delegates.
In addition, in the 13th district, Democratic candidate Danica Roem became the first openly transgender candidate to be elected and serve in a state legislative body in the United States. In the 21st and 42nd districts, respectively, Democratic candidates Kelly Fowler and Kathy Tran became the first Asian American women elected to the House of Delegates. Democratic candidates Elizabeth Guzmán and Hala Ayala were elected to 31st and 51st districts, respectively, to also become the first two Hispanic women elected to the House of Delegates. In the 68th district, Democratic candidate Dawn M. Adams became the first openly lesbian candidate to be elected to the House of Delegates.
## Legislation
In the aftermath of the 2019 Virginia Beach shooting, Governor Ralph Northam called for a special session of the Virginia Legislature in order for it to consider different gun-control bills. The House of Delegates reconvened on July 9, 2019 only for it to adjourn again after 90 minutes of session. This decision was made on a party-line vote. Northam expressed his disappointment that no gun-control measures were considered. Speaker of the House of Kirk Cox called the special session "just an election year stunt". He criticized the Democrats' focus on gun-control bills without considering mental health and penalization of crimes.
|
enwiki/62296436
|
enwiki
| 62,296,436 |
160th Virginia General Assembly
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/160th_Virginia_General_Assembly
|
2025-02-18T07:58:34Z
|
en
|
Q85719768
| 104,577 |
{{Short description|2018–2019 meeting of Virginia legislature}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox legislative term
|name = 160th Virginia General Assembly
|image = File:Richmond_Virginia_Capitol.jpg
|imagename =
|imagedate =
|term_start = January 9, 2018
|term_end = July 9, 2019
|before = [[159th Virginia General Assembly|159th]]
|after = [[161st Virginia General Assembly|161st]]
| chamber1 = [[Senate of Virginia]]
| chamber1_image = File:Senate diagram 2014 State of Virginia.svg
| chamber1_image_size =
| chamber1_alt =
| membership1 = 40
| control1 = [[Republican Party of Virginia|Republican Party]] (21)
| chamber1_leader1_type = President of the Senate
| chamber1_leader1 = Lt. Gov. [[Justin Fairfax]] (D)
| chamber1_leader2_type = Senate Majority Leader
| chamber1_leader2 = [[Tommy Norment]] (R)
| chamber1_leader3_type = Senate Minority Leader
| chamber1_leader3 = [[Dick Saslaw]] (D)
| chamber2 = [[Virginia House of Delegates]]
| chamber2_image = File:Virginia House of Delegates (2018).svg
| chamber2_image_size =
| chamber2_alt =
| membership2 = 100
| control2 = [[Republican Party of Virginia|Republican Party]] (51)
| chamber2_leader1_type = Speaker of the House
| chamber2_leader1 = [[Kirk Cox]] (R)
| chamber2_leader2_type = House Majority Leader
| chamber2_leader2 = [[Todd Gilbert]] (R)
| chamber2_leader3_type = House Minority Leader
| chamber2_leader3 = {{Plainlist|
* [[David Toscano]] (D, 2018)
* [[Eileen Filler-Corn]] (D, 2019)}}
| session1_start = January 10, 2018
| session1_end = March 10, 2018
| session2_start = January 9, 2019
| session2_end = February 23, 2019
| session3_start = July 9, 2019
| session3_end = July 9, 2019 (special)
}}
The '''160th Virginia General Assembly''', consisting of members who were elected in both the [[2017 Virginia House of Delegates election|2017 House election]] and [[2015 Virginia Senate election|2015 Senate election]], convened on January 9, 2018. Republicans held one-seat majorities in both chambers, losing 17 seats in the House.
==Membership==
In the 2017 election, 25 women were elected to the House of Delegates, breaking the previous record of 19 that was set in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bryan|first1=Alix|title=The historic firsts that happened as Virginia 'turned blue'|url=http://wtvr.com/2017/11/08/the-historic-firsts-that-happened-as-virginia-turned-blue/|publisher=WTVR|access-date=December 19, 2017|location=Richmond|date=November 8, 2017}}</ref> On January 1, 2019, [[Eileen Filler-Corn]] became Leader of the House Democratic Caucus, succeeding [[David Toscano]]. She is the first woman to lead a caucus in the 400-year history of the [[Virginia House of Delegates]].<ref name="WP">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/a-400-year-first-filler-corn-breaks-many-barriers-as-new-democratic-leader-in-virginias-house/2018/12/27/b9322b14-0472-11e9-b5df-5d3874f1ac36_story.html |title=A 400-year first: Filler-Corn breaks many barriers as new Democratic leader in Virginia's House |last=Schneider |first=Gregory S. |date=December 27, 2018 |work=The Washington Post |access-date=October 31, 2019}}</ref>
In addition, in the [[Virginia's 13th House of Delegates district|13th district]], Democratic candidate [[Danica Roem]] became the first openly transgender candidate to be elected and serve in a state legislative body in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Park|first1=Madison|title=Election night brings historic wins for minority and LGBT candidates|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/11/08/us/election-firsts-lgbt-minorities/index.html|publisher=CNN|access-date=December 19, 2017|date=November 8, 2017}}</ref> In the [[Virginia's 21st House of Delegates district|21st]] and [[Virginia's 42nd House of Delegates district|42nd]] districts, respectively, Democratic candidates [[Kelly Fowler]] and [[Kathy Tran]] became the first Asian American women elected to the House of Delegates.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Moore|first1=Jack|title=Why women won big in Va. House of Delegates races|url=https://wtop.com/virginia/2017/11/women-won-big-va-house-delegate-races/|publisher=WTOP|access-date=December 19, 2017|location=Washington|date=November 8, 2017}}</ref> Democratic candidates [[Elizabeth Guzmán]] and [[Hala Ayala]] were elected to [[Virginia's 31st House of Delegates district|31st]] and [[Virginia's 51st House of Delegates district|51st]] districts, respectively, to also become the first two Hispanic women elected to the House of Delegates.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nuño|first1=Stephen A.|title=First Two Latinas Are Elected to Virginia House of Delegates, Making History|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/first-two-latinas-are-elected-virginia-house-delegates-making-history-n818911|work=NBC News|access-date=December 19, 2017|date=November 8, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Unofficial results: Guzman beats incumbent Scott Lingamfelter in 31st District|url=http://www.fauquier.com/news/politics/unofficial-results-guzman-beats-incumbent-scott-lingamfelter-in-st-district/article_750cd6f8-c424-11e7-a57f-f3801c1b12ec.html|publisher=Fauquier Times|access-date=December 19, 2017|date=November 7, 2017}}</ref> In the [[Virginia's 68th House of Delegates district|68th district]], Democratic candidate [[Dawn M. Adams]] became the first openly lesbian candidate to be elected to the House of Delegates.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dawn Adams is first open lesbian in Virginia House|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/dawn-adams-is-first-open-lesbian-in-virginia-house|website=PBS NewsHour|publisher=Associated Press|access-date=December 19, 2017|location=Richmond|date=November 9, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Democrat unseats Loupassi by 325 votes|url=http://www.nbc12.com/story/36806651/democrat-unseats-loupassi-by-325-votes|publisher=WWBT|access-date=December 19, 2017|location=Richmond|date=November 9, 2017}}</ref>
==Legislation==
In the aftermath of the [[2019 Virginia Beach shooting]], Governor [[Ralph Northam]] called for a special session of the Virginia Legislature in order for it to consider different gun-control bills. The House of Delegates reconvened on July 9, 2019 only for it to adjourn again after 90 minutes of session. This decision was made on a party-line vote. Northam expressed his disappointment that no gun-control measures were considered. Speaker of the House of [[Kirk Cox]] called the special session "just an election year stunt". He criticized the Democrats' focus on gun-control bills without considering mental health and penalization of crimes.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/09/us/gun-control-special-session-virginia.html|title=A Gun-Focused Special Session in Virginia Ends Abruptly|date=July 9, 2019|work=New York Times}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of Virginia state legislatures]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Virginia General Assemblies}}
[[Category:Virginia legislative sessions]]
[[Category:2018 in Virginia]]
[[Category:2018 U.S. legislative sessions|Virginia]]
[[Category:2019 in Virginia]]
[[Category:2019 U.S. legislative sessions|Virginia]]
| 1,276,339,917 |
[{"title": "160th Virginia General Assembly", "data": {"\u2190": "159th \u00b7 161st \u00b7 \u2192"}}, {"title": "Overview", "data": {"Term": "January 9, 2018 \u2013 July 9, 2019"}}, {"title": "Senate of Virginia", "data": {"Members": "40", "President of the Senate": "Lt. Gov. Justin Fairfax (D)", "Senate Majority Leader": "Tommy Norment (R)", "Senate Minority Leader": "Dick Saslaw (D)", "Party control": "Republican Party (21)"}}, {"title": "Virginia House of Delegates", "data": {"Members": "100", "Speaker of the House": "Kirk Cox (R)", "House Majority Leader": "Todd Gilbert (R)", "House Minority Leader": "- David Toscano (D, 2018) - Eileen Filler-Corn (D, 2019)", "Party control": "Republican Party (51)"}}, {"title": "Sessions", "data": {"1st": "January 10, 2018 \u2013 March 10, 2018", "2nd": "January 9, 2019 \u2013 February 23, 2019", "3rd": "July 9, 2019 \u2013 July 9, 2019 (special)"}}]
| false |
# 1933–34 Harty Cup
The 1933–34 Harty Cup was the 15th staging of the Harty Cup since the establishment of the hurling competition by the Munster Council of the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1918. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 9 February 1934. The competition contested from 28 February to 25 April 1934 at the Mitchelstown Athletic Grounds.
Thurles CBS unsuccessfully defended its title against Rockwell College in the first round.
North Monastery won the Harty Cup final replay on 25 April 1934, against Rockwell College, 7–01 to 3–03, in what was their first ever meeting in a final and North Monastery's third successive Harty Cup title after a hiatus following their win in 1929.
## Results
### First round
| 28 February 1934 First round | Thurles CBS | 4-02 - 8-02 | Rockwell College | Tipperary Sports Field |
| 1 March 1934 First round | Doon CBS | 2-05 - 3-01 | Mount Sion CBS | Clonmel GAA Ground |
| 14 March 1934 First round | Limerick CBS | 2-10 - 6-01 | North Monastery | Rath Luirc Grounds |
### Second round
| 17 March 1934 Second round | Rockwell College | 9-02 - 2-01 | Doon CBS | Mitchelstown Grounds |
- North Monastery received a bye in this round.
### Final
| 19 April 1934 Final | North Monastery | 4-02 - 4-02 | Rockwell College | Mitchelstown Grounds |
| 25 April 1934 Final replay | North Monastery | 7-01 - 3-03 | Rockwell College | Mitchelstown Grounds |
|
enwiki/76098716
|
enwiki
| 76,098,716 |
1933–34 Harty Cup
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933%E2%80%9334_Harty_Cup
|
2024-08-03T05:43:46Z
|
en
|
Q124624687
| 61,520 |
{{Short description|Hurling tournament}}
{{Infobox hurling championship
|name=1933–34 Dr Harty Cup
|image=
|imagesize=
|caption=
|dates= 28 February – 25 April 1934
|teams= 6
|sponsor=
|champions= [[File:Colours of Cavan.svg|20px|Border]] [[North Monastery]]
|count= 3
|champions captain= D. O'Riordan
|champions manager=
|runners-up= [[File:Colours of Cavan.svg|20px|Border]] [[Rockwell College]]
|runners-up captain=
|runners-up manager=
|promoted=
|relegated=
|matches= 6
|goals= 54
|points= 32
|top scorer=
|previous year=1932–33
|previous tournament=1932–33 Harty Cup
|next year=1934–35
|next tournament=1934–35 Harty Cup
}}
The '''1933–34 Harty Cup''' was the 15th staging of the [[Dr. Harty Cup|Harty Cup]] since the establishment of the hurling competition by the [[Munster GAA|Munster Council]] of the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] in 1918.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seamusjking.com/sjk-articles/2014/8/28/span-classposttitlerockwell-college-and-the-harty-cupspan-rockwell-college-annual-1988-pp-45-48|title=Rockwell College and the Harty Cup|publisher=Séamus J. King website|date=|access-date=27 July 2022|first=|last=}}</ref> The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 9 February 1934. The competition contested from 28 February to 25 April 1934 at the [[Mitchelstown GAA|Mitchelstown Athletic Grounds]].
[[Thurles CBS]] unsuccessfully defended its [[1932–33 Harty Cup|title]] against [[Rockwell College]] in the [[#First round|first round]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rebelog.ie/harty-cup-roll-of-honor/|title=Harty Cup roll of honour|publisher=Rebel Óg GAA website|date=|access-date=29 November 2023|first=|last=}}</ref>
North Monastery won the [[#Final|Harty Cup final replay]] on 25 April 1934, against Rockwell College, 7–01 to 3–03, in what was their first ever meeting in a final and North Monastery's third successive Harty Cup title after a hiatus following their win in [[1928–29 Harty Cup|1929]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://northmonastery.ie/1934-harty-cup-winners/|title=1934 Harty Cup Winners|publisher=North Monastery website|date=|access-date=14 February 2024|first=|last=}}</ref>
==Results==
===First round===
{{footballbox collapsible
| date = 28 February 1934
| round = First round
| team1 = [[Thurles CBS]]
| score = 4-02 - 8-02
| team2 = [[Rockwell College]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Arravale Rovers GAA|Tipperary Sports Field]]
| referee =
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| date = 1 March 1934
| round = First round
| team1 = Doon CBS
| score = 2-05 - 3-01
| team2 = Mount Sion CBS
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Clonmel GAA Ground]]
| referee =
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| date = 14 March 1934
| round = First round
| team1 = [[CBS Sexton Street|Limerick CBS]]
| score = 2-10 - 6-01
| team2 = [[North Monastery]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Charleville GAA|Rath Luirc Grounds]]
| referee =
}}
===Second round===
{{footballbox collapsible
| date = 17 March 1934
| round = Second round
| team1 = [[Rockwell College]]
| score = 9-02 - 2-01
| team2 = Doon CBS
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Mitchelstown GAA|Mitchelstown Grounds]]
| referee =
}}
* [[North Monastery]] received a bye in this round.
===Final===
{{footballbox collapsible
| date = 19 April 1934
| round = Final
| team1 = [[North Monastery]]
| score = 4-02 - 4-02
| team2 = [[Rockwell College]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Mitchelstown GAA|Mitchelstown Grounds]]
| referee =
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| date = 25 April 1934
| round = Final replay
| team1 = [[North Monastery]]
| score = 7-01 - 3-03
| team2 = [[Rockwell College]]
| report =
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Mitchelstown GAA|Mitchelstown Grounds]]
| referee =
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Dr Harty Cup}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1933-34 Harty Cup}}
[[Category:1934 in Irish sport]]
[[Category:1934 in hurling|Harty Cup]]
| 1,238,302,295 |
[{"title": "1933\u201334 Dr Harty Cup", "data": {"Dates": "28 February \u2013 25 April 1934", "Teams": "6", "Champions": "North Monastery (3rd title) \u00b7 D. O'Riordan (captain)", "Runners-up": "Rockwell College"}}, {"title": "Tournament statistics", "data": {"Matches played": "6", "Goals scored": "54 (9 per match)", "Points scored": "32 (5.33 per match)"}}, {"title": "Points scored", "data": {"\u2190 1932\u201333 (Previous)": "(Next) 1934\u201335 \u2192"}}]
| false |
# 1921 Queensland Rugby League season
The 1921 Queensland Rugby League premiership was the 13th season of the Queensland rugby league football competition. Six teams from across Brisbane competed for the premiership, which culminated in Carlton defeating Cooparoo 12-10 in the grand final
## Table
| | Team | Pld | W | D | L | B | Pts |
| - | ------------------- | --- | - | - | - | - | --- |
| 1 | Carlton | 10 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 15 |
| 2 | Western Suburbs | 10 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 14 |
| 3 | Fortitude Valley | 10 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 12 |
| 4 | Coorparoo | 10 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 9 |
| 5 | Christian Brothers | 10 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 7 |
| 6 | University Students | 10 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 3 |
## Finals
| Home | Score | Away | Match information | Match information | Match information | Match information | Match information |
| ----------------- | ----- | ---------------- | ----------------- | ----------------- | ----------------- | ----------------- | ----------------- |
| Home | Score | Away | Date and time | Venue | Referee | Ref | |
| Semifinals | | | | | | | |
| Carlton | 8-3 | Fortitude Valley | 10 September 1921 | Davies Park | Laurie Kearney | [ 2 ] | |
| Cooparoo | 22-3 | Western Suburbs | 10 September 1921 | Davies Park | | [ 3 ] | |
| Preliminary Final | | | | | | | |
| Cooparoo | 24-18 | Carlton | 24 September 1921 | Davies Park | Laurie Kearney | [ 4 ] | |
| Grand Final | | | | | | | |
| Carlton | 12-10 | Cooparoo | 1 October 1921 | Davies Park | Laurie Kearney | [ 5 ] | |
## Grand Final
Carlton 12 (Tries: H. Brown, Kelly. Goals: Kelly. Field Goals: Kelly, Stallard
Cooparoo 10 (Tries: Bess, Ehler. Goals: Thorogood
|
enwiki/69438634
|
enwiki
| 69,438,634 |
1921 Queensland Rugby League season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921_Queensland_Rugby_League_season
|
2023-02-24T07:15:20Z
|
en
|
Q109975547
| 96,236 |
{{Short description|Rugby League season}}
{{Infobox rugby league football competition|name=Brisbane Rugby League|country2=|prevseason=[[1980 Brisbane Rugby League season|1980]]|related_comps=|TV=|Top Pointscorer=|website=|count=|most_champs=|season=|champion={{leagueicon|Souths Magpies|16}} [[Souths Logan Magpies|Carlton]]|championtag=Premiers|country={{AUS}}|current_season=|teams=6|ceo=|ceotag=|replaced=|folded=|inaugural=|founded=|formerly=|alt=|pixels=|logo=|nextseason=[[1982 Brisbane Rugby League season|1982]]}}
The '''1921 [[Brisbane Rugby League premiership|Queensland Rugby League premiership]]''' was the 13th season of the Queensland [[rugby league]] football competition. Six teams from across Brisbane competed for the premiership, which culminated in [[Souths Logan Magpies|Carlton]] defeating [[Easts Tigers|Cooparoo]] 12-10 in the [[grand final]]
== Table ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! width="20" |
! width="175" |Team
! width="20" |Pld
! width="20" |W
! width="20" |D
! width="20" |L
! width="20" |B
! width="20" |Pts
|- style="background: #ccffcc;"
|1
| style="text-align:left;" |{{leagueicon|Souths Magpies|20}} [[Souths Logan Magpies|Carlton]]
|10
|7
|1
|2
|0
|'''15'''
|-
|2
| style="text-align:left;" |{{leagueicon|Wests Panthers|20}} [[Wests Panthers|Western Suburbs]]
|10
|6
|2
|2
|0
|'''14'''
|-
|3
| style="text-align:left;" |{{leagueicon|Fortitude Valley Diehards|20}} [[Fortitude Valley Diehards|Fortitude Valley]]
|10
|6
|0
|4
|0
|'''12'''
|- style="background: #ccffcc;"
|4
| style="text-align:left;" |{{leagueicon|Easts Tigers|20}} [[Brisbane Tigers|Coorparoo]]
|10
|4
|1
|5
|0
|'''9'''
|-
|5
| style="text-align:left;" |{{leagueicon|Past Brothers|20}} [[Brothers Old Boys|Christian Brothers]]
|10
|3
|1
|6
|0
|'''7'''
|-
|6
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Queensland_Uni_Colours.svg|20x20px]] [[University of Queensland Rugby Club|University Students]]
|10
|1
|1
|8
|0
|'''3'''
|}
<ref>{{Cite news|date=1921-09-07|title=Brisbane Matches.|work=Northern Herald|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article148039604|access-date=2021-12-05}}</ref>
== Finals ==
{| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" width="21%" |Home
! rowspan="2" width="6%" |Score
! rowspan="2" width="21%" |Away
! colspan="5" |Match information
|- bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
! width="17%" |Date and time
! width="17%" |Venue
! width="11%" |Referee
|Ref
|- bgcolor="#D0E7FF"
| colspan="6" |'''Semifinals'''
|
|- bgcolor="#F5FAFF"
| align="left" |{{leagueicon|Souths Magpies|16}} [[Souths Magpies|Carlton]]
|8-3
| align="left" |{{leagueicon|Valleys|16}} [[Fortitude Valley Diehards|Fortitude Valley]]
|10 September 1921
|[[Davies Park]]
|Laurie Kearney
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Queensland Rugby League 1921 – Semifinal - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/queensland-rugby-league-1921/semi-final/carlton-vs-fortitude-valley/summary.html|access-date=2021-12-05|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#F5FAFF"
| align="left" |{{leagueicon|Easts Tigers|16}} [[Brisbane Tigers|Cooparoo]]
|22-3
| align="left" |{{leagueicon|Wests Panthers|16}} [[Wests Panthers|Western Suburbs]]
|10 September 1921
|[[Davies Park]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Queensland Rugby League 1921 – Semifinal - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/queensland-rugby-league-1921/semi-final/coorparoo-vs-brisbane-wests/summary.html|access-date=2021-12-05|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#D0E7FF"
| colspan="6" |'''Preliminary Final'''
|- bgcolor="#F5FAFF"
| align="left" |{{leagueicon|Easts Tigers|16}} [[Brisbane Tigers|Cooparoo]]
|24-18
| align="left" |{{leagueicon|Souths Magpies|16}} [[Souths Magpies|Carlton]]
|24 September 1921
|[[Davies Park]]
|Laurie Kearney
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Queensland Rugby League 1921 - Final - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/queensland-rugby-league-1921/final/coorparoo-vs-carlton/summary.html|access-date=2021-12-05|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|- bgcolor="#D0E7FF"
| colspan="6" |'''Grand Final'''
|- bgcolor="#F5FAFF"
| align="left" |{{leagueicon|Souths Magpies|16}} [[Souths Magpies|Carlton]]
|12-10
| align="left" |{{leagueicon|Easts Tigers|16}} [[Brisbane Tigers|Cooparoo]]
|1 October 1921
|[[Davies Park]]
|Laurie Kearney
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Queensland Rugby League 1921 - Chall. Final - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/queensland-rugby-league-1921/challenge-final/carlton-vs-coorparoo/summary.html|access-date=2021-12-05|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|}
== Grand Final ==
'''Carlton''' 12 (Tries: H. Brown, Kelly. Goals: Kelly. Field Goals: Kelly, Stallard
'''Cooparoo''' 10 (Tries: Bess, Ehler. Goals: Thorogood<ref>{{Cite news|date=1921-10-03|title=FOOTBALL.|work=Brisbane Courier|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20514642|access-date=2021-12-05}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Brisbane Rugby League}}
{{Rugby League in Queensland}}
[[Category:Queensland Rugby League]]
[[Category:1921 in Australian rugby league|Queensland Rugby League season]]
| 1,141,279,011 |
[{"title": "Brisbane Rugby League", "data": {"Sport": "Rugby league", "Number of teams": "6", "Country": "Australia", "Premiers": "Carlton"}}]
| false |
# 1010 AM
The following radio stations broadcast on AM frequency 1010 kHz: 1010 AM is a Canadian clear-channel frequency. CFRB Toronto and CBR Calgary are both Class A, 50,000 watt stations.
## In Argentina
- LV16 Rio Cuarto in Rio Cuarto, Córdoba
- Onda Latina in Buenos Aires
## In Canada
Stations in bold are clear-channel stations.
| Call sign | City of license | Daytime power (kW) | Nighttime power (kW) | Transmitter coordinates |
| --------- | ---------------- | ------------------ | -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| CBR | Calgary, Alberta | 50 | 50 | 50°56′17″N 113°57′42″W / 50.938056°N 113.961667°W |
| CFRB | Toronto, Ontario | 50 | 50 | 43°30′20″N 79°37′51″W / 43.505611°N 79.630712°W |
## In Cuba
- Radio Mil Diez, defunct
## In Mexico
- XEHGO-AM in Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo
- XEHL-AM in San Juan de Ocotán, Jalisco
- XEPA-AM in Puebla, Puebla
- XEXN-AM in Ures, Sonora
## In the United States
| Call sign | City of license | Facility ID | Class | Daytime power (kW) | Nighttime power (kW) | Critical hours power | Transmitter coordinates |
| --------- | ------------------------------- | ----------- | ----- | ------------------ | -------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| KBBW | Waco, Texas | 1322 | B | 10 | 2.5 | | 31°34′06″N 97°00′01″W / 31.568333°N 97.000278°W (daytime) 31°30′07″N 96°57′54″W / 31.501944°N 96.965°W (nighttime) |
| KCHI | Chillicothe, Missouri | 63377 | D | 0.25 | 0.037 | | 39°45′51″N 93°33′21″W / 39.764167°N 93.555833°W |
| KCHJ | Delano, California | 35111 | B | 5 | 1 | | 35°48′40″N 119°19′18″W / 35.811111°N 119.321667°W |
| KDJW | Amarillo, Texas | 31462 | B | 5 | 0.5 | | 35°11′03″N 101°41′28″W / 35.184167°N 101.691111°W |
| KIHU | Tooele, Utah | 35687 | D | 50 | 0.194 | 42 | 40°43′15″N 112°02′29″W / 40.720833°N 112.041389°W |
| KIND | Independence, Kansas | 9799 | D | 0.25 | 0.032 | | 37°15′42″N 95°45′59″W / 37.261667°N 95.766389°W |
| KIQI | San Francisco, California | 50703 | B | 10 | 10 | | 37°49′34″N 122°18′37″W / 37.826111°N 122.310278°W |
| KLAT | Houston, Texas | 67063 | B | 5 | 3.6 | | 29°53′47″N 95°17′25″W / 29.896389°N 95.290278°W (daytime) 29°51′44″N 95°30′42″W / 29.862222°N 95.511667°W (nighttime) |
| KOOR | Milwaukie, Oregon | 68212 | D | 4.5 | | 1.1 | 45°29′03″N 122°24′40″W / 45.484167°N 122.411111°W |
| KRNI | Mason City, Iowa | 69035 | D | 0.76 | 0.016 | | 43°08′31″N 93°06′40″W / 43.141944°N 93.111111°W |
| KSIR | Brush, Colorado | 48396 | B | 25 | 0.28 | | 40°18′50″N 103°35′30″W / 40.313889°N 103.591667°W |
| KXEN | St. Louis, Missouri | 54739 | D | 0.16 | 0.014 | | 38°45′46″N 90°03′35″W / 38.762778°N 90.059722°W (daytime) 38°46′01″N 90°03′32″W / 38.766944°N 90.058889°W (nighttime) |
| KXPS | Thousand Palms, California | 22343 | B | 3.6 | 0.4 | | 33°50′35″N 116°25′39″W / 33.843056°N 116.4275°W |
| KXXT | Tolleson, Arizona | 54742 | B | 23 | 0.3 | 9.8 | 33°26′43″N 112°12′23″W / 33.445278°N 112.206389°W |
| WCKW | Garyville, Louisiana | 115 | D | 0.5 | 0.042 | | 30°04′35″N 90°37′17″W / 30.076389°N 90.621389°W |
| WCNL | Newport, New Hampshire | 35406 | D | 10 | 0.037 | | 43°21′52″N 72°10′47″W / 43.364444°N 72.179722°W |
| WCSI | Columbus, Indiana | 72261 | D | 0.33 | 0.018 | | 39°11′12″N 85°57′00″W / 39.186667°N 85.95°W |
| WCST | Berkeley Springs, West Virginia | 68205 | D | 0.27 | 0.017 | | 39°37′00″N 78°13′03″W / 39.616667°N 78.2175°W |
| WHIN | Gallatin, Tennessee | 72178 | D | 5 | 0.047 | | 36°26′00″N 86°28′00″W / 36.433333°N 86.466667°W |
| WINS | New York, New York | 25451 | B | 50 | 50 | | 40°48′14″N 74°06′24″W / 40.803889°N 74.106667°W |
| WIOI | New Boston, Ohio | 60035 | D | 1 | 0.022 | | 38°43′48″N 82°57′10″W / 38.73°N 82.952778°W |
| WJBR | Seffner, Florida | 28629 | B | 50 | 5 | | 27°59′25″N 82°15′06″W / 27.990278°N 82.251667°W |
| WJXL | Jacksonville Beach, Florida | 63600 | B | 50 | 30 | | 30°17′57″N 82°00′26″W / 30.299167°N 82.007222°W |
| WKJW | Black Mountain, North Carolina | 5972 | D | 47 | 0.09 | | 35°35′29″N 82°24′53″W / 35.591389°N 82.414722°W |
| WMIN | Sauk Rapids, Minnesota | 161428 | B | 2.5 | 0.23 | | 45°36′18″N 94°08′21″W / 45.605°N 94.139167°W |
| WMOX | Meridian, Mississippi | 7073 | B | 10 | 1 | | 32°23′42″N 88°39′28″W / 32.395°N 88.657778°W |
| WOLB | Baltimore, Maryland | 54711 | D | 0.25 | 0.03 | | 39°18′06″N 76°34′09″W / 39.301667°N 76.569167°W |
| WORM | Savannah, Tennessee | 24100 | D | 0.25 | 0.027 | | 35°14′24″N 88°14′29″W / 35.24°N 88.241389°W |
| WPCN | Stevens Point, Wisconsin | 2106 | D | 1 | 0.01 | | 44°32′17″N 89°35′43″W / 44.538056°N 89.595278°W |
| WSPC | Albemarle, North Carolina | 49041 | D | 1 | 0.064 | | 35°23′13″N 80°11′32″W / 35.386944°N 80.192222°W |
| WUKZ | Marion, Virginia | 63710 | D | 1 | | | 36°51′22″N 81°30′18″W / 36.856111°N 81.505°W |
| WWMC | Kinston, North Carolina | 20408 | D | 1 | 0.078 | | 35°17′03″N 77°39′53″W / 35.284167°N 77.664722°W |
| WXKG | Atlanta, Georgia | 72134 | D | 50 | 0.078 | 45 | 33°41′55″N 84°17′23″W / 33.698611°N 84.289722°W |
## In Uruguay
- CX 24 Nuevo Tiempo in Montevideo
|
enwiki/19353255
|
enwiki
| 19,353,255 |
1010 AM
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1010_AM
|
2024-09-02T03:37:45Z
|
en
|
Q4546267
| 205,857 |
{{short description|AM radio frequency}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2014}}
The following [[radio broadcasting|radio stations]] broadcast on [[AM broadcasting|AM]] frequency '''1010 kHz''':<ref>{{Cite web|title=AM Query Results|url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/amq?state=&call=&arn=&city=&freq=1010&fre2=1010&single=1&type=3&facid=&class=&list=1&dist=&dlat2=&mlat2=&slat2=&NS=N&dlon2=&mlon2=&slon2=&EW=W&size=9}}</ref> 1010 AM is a Canadian [[clear-channel]] frequency. [[CFRB]] [[Toronto]] and [[CBR (AM)|CBR]] [[Calgary, Alberta|Calgary]] are both [[list of broadcast station classes|Class A]], 50,000 [[watt]] stations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcc.gov/media/radio/am-clear-regional-local-channels|title=AM Station Classes, and Clear, Regional, and Local Channels|date=11 December 2015|website=fcc.gov|access-date=26 April 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120500/https://www.fcc.gov/media/radio/am-clear-regional-local-channels|archive-date=6 January 2018}}</ref>
== In Argentina ==
* [[LV16 Rio Cuarto]] in Rio Cuarto, Córdoba
* [[Onda Latina]] in Buenos Aires
== In Canada ==
Stations in '''bold''' are [[clear-channel station]]s.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! [[Call sign]] !! City of license !! Daytime power (kW) !! Nighttime power (kW) !! Transmitter coordinates
|-
| '''[[CBR (AM)|CBR]]''' || Calgary, Alberta || 50 || 50 || {{coord|50.938056|-113.961667|name=CBR - 50 kW daytime, 50 kW nighttime}}
|-
| '''[[CFRB]]''' || Toronto, Ontario || 50 || 50 || {{coord|43.505611|-79.630712|name=CFRB - 50 kW daytime, 50 kW nighttime}}
|}
== In Cuba ==
* [[Radio Mil Diez]], defunct
== In Mexico ==
* [[XEHGO-AM]] in [[Huejutla de Reyes]], [[Hidalgo (state)|Hidalgo]]
* [[XEHL-AM]] in [[San Juan de Ocotán]], [[Jalisco]]
* [[XEPA-AM]] in [[Puebla (city)|Puebla]], [[Puebla]]
* [[XEXN-AM]] in [[Ures]], [[Sonora]]
== In the United States ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! [[Call sign]] !! City of license !! Facility ID !! Class !! Daytime power (kW) !! Nighttime power (kW) !! Critical hours power !! Transmitter coordinates
|-
| [[KBBW]] || Waco, Texas || 1322 || B || 10 || 2.5 || || {{coord|31.568333|-97.000278|name=KBBW - 10 kW daytime}} (daytime)<br>{{coord|31.501944|-96.965|name=KBBW - 2.5 kW nighttime}} (nighttime)
|-
| [[KCHI (AM)|KCHI]] || Chillicothe, Missouri || 63377 || D || 0.25 || 0.037 || || {{coord|39.764167|-93.555833|name=KCHI - 0.25 kW daytime, 0.037 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[KCHJ (AM)|KCHJ]] || Delano, California || 35111 || B || 5 || 1 || || {{coord|35.811111|-119.321667|name=KCHJ - 5 kW daytime, 1 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[KDJW]] || Amarillo, Texas || 31462 || B || 5 || 0.5 || || {{coord|35.184167|-101.691111|name=KDJW - 5 kW daytime, 0.5 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[KIHU]] || Tooele, Utah || 35687 || D || 50 || 0.194 || 42 || {{coord|40.720833|-112.041389|name=KIHU - 50 kW daytime, 0.194 kW nighttime, 42 kW critical hours}}
|-
| [[KIND (AM)|KIND]] || Independence, Kansas || 9799 || D || 0.25 || 0.032 || || {{coord|37.261667|-95.766389|name=KIND - 0.25 kW daytime, 0.032 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[KIQI]] || San Francisco, California || 50703 || B || 10 || 10 || || {{coord|37.826111|-122.310278|name=KIQI - 10 kW daytime, 10 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[KLAT]] || Houston, Texas || 67063 || B || 5 || 3.6 || || {{coord|29.896389|-95.290278|name=KLAT - 5 kW daytime}} (daytime)<br>{{coord|29.862222|-95.511667|name=KLAT - 3.6 kW nighttime}} (nighttime)
|-
| [[KOOR]] || Milwaukie, Oregon || 68212 || D || 4.5 || || 1.1 || {{coord|45.484167|-122.411111|name=KOOR - 4.5 kW daytime, 1.1 critical hours}}
|-
| [[KRNI]] || Mason City, Iowa || 69035 || D || 0.76 || 0.016 || || {{coord|43.141944|-93.111111|name=KRNI - 0.76 kW daytime, 0.016 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[KSIR]] || Brush, Colorado || 48396 || B || 25 || 0.28 || || {{coord|40.313889|-103.591667|name=KSIR - 25 kW daytime, 0.28 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[KXEN (AM)|KXEN]] || St. Louis, Missouri || 54739 || D || 0.16 || 0.014 || || {{coord|38.762778|-90.059722|name=KXEN - 0.16 kW daytime}} (daytime)<br>{{coord|38.766944|-90.058889|name=KXEN - 0.014 kW nighttime}} (nighttime)
|-
| [[KXPS]] || Thousand Palms, California || 22343 || B || 3.6 || 0.4 || || {{coord|33.843056|-116.4275|name=KXPS - 3.6 kW daytime, 0.4 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[KXXT]] || Tolleson, Arizona || 54742 || B || 23 || 0.3 || 9.8 || {{coord|33.445278|-112.206389|name=KXXT - 23 kW daytime, 0.3 kW nighttime, 9.8 kW critical hours}}
|-
| [[WCKW]] || Garyville, Louisiana || 115 || D || 0.5 || 0.042 || || {{coord|30.076389|-90.621389|name=WCKW - 0.5 kW daytime, 0.042 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WCNL]] || Newport, New Hampshire || 35406 || D || 10 || 0.037 || || {{coord|43.364444|-72.179722|name=WCNL - 10 kW daytime, 0.037 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WCSI]] || Columbus, Indiana || 72261 || D || 0.33 || 0.018 || || {{coord|39.186667|-85.95|name=WCSI - 0.33 kW daytime, 0.018 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WCST (AM)|WCST]] || Berkeley Springs, West Virginia || 68205 || D || 0.27 || 0.017 || || {{coord|39.616667|-78.2175|name=WCST - 0.27 kW daytime, 0.017 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WHIN]] || Gallatin, Tennessee || 72178 || D || 5 || 0.047 || || {{coord|36.433333|-86.466667|name=WHIN - 5 kW daytime, 0.047 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WINS (AM)|WINS]] || New York, New York || 25451 || B || 50 || 50 || || {{coord|40.803889|-74.106667|name=WINS - 50 kW daytime, 50 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WIOI]] || New Boston, Ohio || 60035 || D || 1 || 0.022 || || {{coord|38.73|-82.952778|name=WIOI - 1 kW daytime, 0.022 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WJBR (AM)|WJBR]] || Seffner, Florida || 28629 || B || 50 || 5 || || {{coord|27.990278|-82.251667|name=WJBR - 50 kW daytime, 5 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WJXL (AM)|WJXL]] || Jacksonville Beach, Florida || 63600 || B || 50 || 30 || || {{coord|30.299167|-82.007222|name=WJXL - 50 kW daytime, 30 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WKJW]] || Black Mountain, North Carolina || 5972 || D || 47 || 0.09 || || {{coord|35.591389|-82.414722|name=WKJW - 47 kW daytime, 0.09 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WMIN]] || Sauk Rapids, Minnesota || 161428 || B || 2.5 || 0.23 || || {{coord|45.605|-94.139167|name=WMIN - 2.5 kW daytime, 0.23 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WMOX]] || Meridian, Mississippi || 7073 || B || 10 || 1 || || {{coord|32.395|-88.657778|name=WMOX - 10 kW daytime, 1 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WOLB]] || Baltimore, Maryland || 54711 || D || 0.25 || 0.03 || || {{coord|39.301667|-76.569167|name=WOLB - 0.25 kW daytime, 0.03 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WORM (AM)|WORM]] || Savannah, Tennessee || 24100 || D || 0.25 || 0.027 || || {{coord|35.24|-88.241389|name=WORM - 0.25 kW daytime, 0.027 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WPCN]] || Stevens Point, Wisconsin || 2106 || D || 1 || 0.01 || || {{coord|44.538056|-89.595278|name=WPCN - 1 kW daytime, 0.01 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WSPC]] || Albemarle, North Carolina || 49041 || D || 1 || 0.064 || || {{coord|35.386944|-80.192222|name=WSPC - 1 kW daytime, 0.064 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WUKZ]] || Marion, Virginia || 63710 || D || 1 || || || {{coord|36.856111|-81.505|name=WUKZ - 1 kW daytime}}
|-
| [[WWMC]] || Kinston, North Carolina || 20408 || D || 1 || 0.078 || || {{coord|35.284167|-77.664722|name=WWMC - 1 kW daytime, 0.078 kW nighttime}}
|-
| [[WXKG]] || Atlanta, Georgia || 72134 || D || 50 || 0.078 || 45 || {{coord|33.698611|-84.289722|name=WXKG - 50 kW daytime, 0.078 kW nighttime, 45 kW critical hours}}
|}
== In Uruguay ==
* [[CX 24 Nuevo Tiempo]] in Montevideo
==References==
{{GeoGroupTemplate}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Lists of radio stations by frequency}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1010 Am}}
[[Category:Lists of radio stations by frequency]]
| 1,243,558,407 |
[]
| false |
# 1929 County Championship
The 1929 County Championship was the 36th officially organised running of the County Championship. Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club won the championship title for the second time.
A new method of deciding the Championship was introduced where all counties played 28 matches with the team with the most points being declared winners instead of the previous system of calculating the percentage of points gained against possible points available.
## Table
- Eight points were awarded for a win
- Four points were awarded for a tie
- Five points for the side leading after the first innings of a drawn match
- Three points for the side losing after the first innings of a drawn match
- Four points for the sides if tied after the first innings of a drawn match
- Four points for a no result on first innings (after more than six hours playing time)
- If the weather reduces a match to less than six hours and there has not been a result on first innings then the match shall be void.
| Team | Pld | W | L | DWF | DLF | NR | Pts |
| ---------------- | --- | -- | -- | --- | --- | -- | --- |
| Nottinghamshire | 28 | 14 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 158 |
| Lancashire | 28 | 12 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 148 |
| Yorkshire | 28 | 10 | 2 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 148 |
| Gloucestershire | 28 | 15 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 145 |
| Sussex | 28 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 145 |
| Middlesex | 28 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 135 |
| Derbyshire | 28 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 133 |
| Kent | 28 | 12 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 132 |
| Leicestershire | 28 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 129 |
| Surrey | 28 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 115 |
| Hampshire | 28 | 8 | 10 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 96 |
| Essex | 28 | 6 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 1 | 94 |
| Northamptonshire | 28 | 7 | 13 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 84 |
| Warwickshire | 28 | 5 | 13 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 79 |
| Somerset | 28 | 3 | 17 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 58 |
| Worcestershire | 28 | 2 | 15 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 57 |
| Glamorgan | 28 | 3 | 19 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 48 |
|
enwiki/53096023
|
enwiki
| 53,096,023 |
1929 County Championship
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929_County_Championship
|
2024-01-27T22:49:48Z
|
en
|
Q30074656
| 79,923 |
{{short description|Cricket competition}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| administrator =
| cricket format = [[First-class cricket]]
| tournament format = [[Sports league|League system]]
| champions = [[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|Nottinghamshire]]
| count = 2
| participants =
| matches =
| most runs =
| most wickets =
| previous_year = 1928
| previous_tournament = 1928 County Championship
| next_year = 1930
| next_tournament = 1930 County Championship
}}
The '''1929 County Championship''' was the 36th officially organised running of the [[County Championship]]. [[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club]] won the championship title for the second time.<ref>{{cite book|last=Engel|first=Matthew|title=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 2004, pages 493-494|year=2004|publisher=John Wisden & Company Ltd|isbn=0-947766-83-9}}</ref>
A new method of deciding the Championship was introduced where all counties played 28 matches with the team with the most points being declared winners instead of the previous system of calculating the percentage of points gained against possible points available.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wynne-Thomas|first=Peter|title=The Hamlyn A-Z of Cricket Records|year=1983|publisher=Hamlyn Publishing Group|isbn=0-600-34667-6}}</ref>
==Table==
*Eight points were awarded for a win
*Four points were awarded for a tie
*Five points for the side leading after the first innings of a drawn match
*Three points for the side losing after the first innings of a drawn match
*Four points for the sides if tied after the first innings of a drawn match
*Four points for a no result on first innings (after more than six hours playing time)
*If the weather reduces a match to less than six hours and there has not been a result on first innings then the match shall be void.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ County Championship table
|-
!width=175 |Team
!width=20 abbr="Played" |Pld
!width=20 abbr="Won" |[[Result (cricket)#Win and loss|W]]
!width=20 abbr="Lost" |[[Result (cricket)#Win and loss|L]]
!width=20 abbr="Drawn" |[[Result (cricket)#Draw|DWF]]
!width=20 abbr="Drawn" |[[Result (cricket)#Draw|DLF]]
!width=20 abbr="No Result" |[[Result (cricket)#No result|NR]]
!width=20 abbr="Points" |Pts
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|Nottinghamshire]] ||28 ||14 ||2 ||4 ||6 ||2 || 158
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Lancashire County Cricket Club|Lancashire]] ||28 ||12 ||3 ||6 ||6 ||1|| 148
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] ||28 ||10 ||2 ||9 |||5 ||2 || 148
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Gloucestershire County Cricket Club|Gloucestershire]] ||28 ||15 ||6 ||1 ||4 || 2 || 145
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]] ||28 ||13 ||6 ||7 ||2|| 0 || 145
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Middlesex County Cricket Club|Middlesex]] ||28 ||12 ||7 ||6 ||3|| 0 || 135
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Derbyshire County Cricket Club in 1929|Derbyshire]] ||28 ||10 ||6 ||8 ||3|| 1 || 133
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Kent County Cricket Club|Kent]] ||28 ||12 ||8 ||6 ||2 || 0 || 132
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Leicestershire County Cricket Club|Leicestershire]] ||28 ||9 ||6 ||9 ||4 || 0 || 129
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]] ||28 ||8 ||7 ||5 ||6 || 2 ||115
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Hampshire County Cricket Club|Hampshire]] ||28 ||8 ||10 ||0 ||8 || 2 || 96
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Essex County Cricket Club|Essex]] ||28 ||6 ||9 ||3 ||9 || 1 || 94
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire]] ||28 ||7 ||13 ||2 ||6 || 0 || 84
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Warwickshire County Cricket Club|Warwickshire]] ||28 ||5 ||13 ||4 ||5 || 1 || 79
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Somerset County Cricket Club|Somerset]] ||28 ||3 ||17 ||5 ||3 || 0 || 58
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire]] ||28 ||2 ||15 ||3 ||6 || 2 || 57
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Glamorgan County Cricket Club|Glamorgan]] ||28 ||3 ||19 ||3 ||3 || 0 || 48
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{County Championship seasons}}
{{English cricket seasons}}
[[Category:1929 in English cricket]]
[[Category:County Championship seasons]]
{{English-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}
| 1,199,766,165 |
[{"title": "1929 County Championship", "data": {"Cricket format": "First-class cricket", "Tournament format(s)": "League system", "Champions": "Nottinghamshire (2nd title)"}}]
| false |
# 1708 Pólit
1708 Pólit, provisional designation 1929 XA, is a very dark asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 29 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 November 1929, by Spanish astronomer of Catalan origin Josep Comas i Solà at the Fabra Observatory in Barcelona, and was later named after Catalan astronomer Isidre Pòlit i Boixareu.
## Orbit and classification
Pólit orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.8 AU once every 4 years and 12 months (1,814 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.31 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic.
A first precovery was taken at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, extending the body's observation arc by 3 days prior to its official discovery observation.
## Physical characteristics
The asteroid has been characterized as a C-type asteroid.
### Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Pólit measures between 27.46 and 33.44 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low albedo between 0.035 and 0.042.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link agrees with the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0392 and a diameter of 29.30 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.8.
### Lightcurves
Between 2005 and 2014, a large number of rotational lightcurves of Pólit were obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Maurice Clark at the Preston Gott and McDonald Observatories. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 7.5080 to 7.5085 hours with a brightness variation between 0.40 and 0.50 magnitude (U=3/3-). Clark also derived a spin axis of (2.1°, 47.5°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β) (Q=2).
In addition, astronomer Raymond Poncy measured a period of 7.520 hours with an amplitude of 0.30 magnitude (U=3).
## Naming
This minor planet was named in memory of the Fabra Observatory's second director of the astronomical section, Isidre Pòlit i Boixareu (1880–1958), who was an assiduous observer of minor planets and comets. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1980 (M.P.C. 5357).
|
enwiki/17466013
|
enwiki
| 17,466,013 |
1708 Pólit
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1708_P%C3%B3lit
|
2024-07-07T13:24:52Z
|
en
|
Q142681
| 128,125 |
{{Short description|Very dark asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1708 Pólit
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| discovered = 30 November 1929
| discoverer = [[Josep Comas i Solà|J. Comas Solà]]
| discovery_site = [[Fabra Observatory|Fabra Obs.]]
| mpc_name = (1708) Pólit
| alt_names = 1929 XA{{·}}1934 XF<br />1939 YB
| named_after = [[Isidre Pòlit]]<br />{{small|(Catalan astronomer)}}<ref name="springer" />
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|outer]])}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 87.51 yr (31,964 days)
| aphelion = 3.8064 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 2.0159 AU
| semimajor = 2.9111 AU
| eccentricity = 0.3075
| period = 4.97 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,814 days)
| mean_anomaly = 213.43[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1984|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 6.0445°
| asc_node = 192.21°
| arg_peri = 248.96°
| dimensions = {{val|27.46|1.30}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|28.06|6.19}} km<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|28.706|0.057}} km<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|29.30|1.7}} km<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|30.282|0.071}} km<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|33.44|1.53}} km<ref name="AKARI" />
| rotation = {{val|7.5080|0.0002}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="Clark-2015b" /><ref name="Clark-2016b" /><br />{{val|7.5085|0.001}} h<ref name="Clark-2011a" /><br />{{val|7.520|0.002}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" />
| albedo = {{val|0.035|0.004}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.0350|0.0055}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|0.0392|0.005}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.04|0.01}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|0.042|0.008}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" />
| spectral_type = [[C-type asteroid|C]]<ref name="lcdb" />
| abs_magnitude = 11.70<ref name="Nugent-2015" />{{·}}11.8<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" />{{·}}11.86<ref name="Nugent-2016" />
}}
'''1708 Pólit''', provisional designation {{mp|1929 XA}}, is a very dark [[asteroid]] from the outer region of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 29 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 November 1929, by Spanish astronomer of Catalan origin [[Josep Comas i Solà]] at the [[Fabra Observatory]] in Barcelona, and was later named after Catalan astronomer [[Isidre Pòlit i Boixareu]].<ref name="MPC-Polit" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Pólit'' orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|outer]] main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.8 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 12 months (1,814 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.31 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 6[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />
A first [[precovery]] was taken at [[Lowell Observatory]] in Flagstaff, extending the body's [[observation arc]] by 3 days prior to its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-Polit" />
== Physical characteristics ==
The asteroid has been characterized as a [[C-type asteroid]].<ref name="lcdb" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari]] satellite, and NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] with its subsequent [[NEOWISE]] mission, ''Pólit'' measures between 27.46 and 33.44 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a low [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.035 and 0.042.<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" />
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' agrees with the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0392 and a diameter of 29.30 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 11.8.<ref name="lcdb" />
=== Lightcurves ===
Between 2005 and 2014, a large number of rotational [[lightcurve]]s of ''Pólit'' were obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Maurice Clark at the Preston Gott and McDonald Observatories. Lightcurve analysis gave a [[rotation period]] of 7.5080 to 7.5085 hours with a brightness variation between 0.40 and 0.50 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3/3-]]}}).<ref name="Clark-2015b" /><ref name="Clark-2016b" /><ref name="Clark-2011a" /> Clark also derived a spin axis of (2.1°, 47.5°) in [[Ecliptic coordinate system|ecliptic coordinates]] (λ, β) ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|Q=2]]}}).<ref name="Clark-2016b" />
In addition, astronomer Raymond Poncy measured a period of 7.520 hours with an amplitude of 0.30 magnitude ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3]]}}).<ref name="geneva-obs" />
== Naming ==
This [[minor planet]] was named in memory of the Fabra Observatory's second director of the astronomical section, [[Isidre Pòlit i Boixareu]] (1880–1958), who was an assiduous observer of minor planets and comets.<ref name="springer" /> The official naming citation was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 1 June 1980 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 5357}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2017-06-03 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1708 Polit (1929 XA)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001708
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200918071543/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001708
|url-status = dead
|archive-date = 18 September 2020
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 4 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1708) Pólit
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|page = 136
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1709 |chapter = (1708) Pólit }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Polit">{{cite web
|title = 1708 Polit (1929 XA)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1708
|accessdate = 4 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|accessdate = 4 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web
|title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1708) Pólit
|last = Behrend |first = Raoul
|publisher = [[Geneva Observatory]]
|url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#001708
|accessdate = 4 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
|first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent
|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson
|first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett
|date = August 2014
|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 791
|issue = 2
|page = 11
|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121
|arxiv = 1406.6645
|s2cid = 119293330 |access-date= 4 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (1708) Pólit
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1708%7CPólit
|accessdate = 4 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal
|first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco
|first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah
|first3 = M. |last3 = Noah
|first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price
|date = October 2004
|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0
|url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System
|volume = 12
|pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0
|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T
|accessdate = 22 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|doi-access=
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1708 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407|s2cid = 35447010 }}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson
|first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright
|date = December 2015
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 814
|issue = 2
|page = 13
|bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117
|arxiv = 1509.02522
|s2cid = 9341381 |access-date= 4 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer
|first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri
|first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright
|date = September 2016
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 152
|issue = 3
|page = 12
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N
|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63
|arxiv = 1606.08923
|doi-access = free }}</ref>
<ref name="Clark-2011a">{{Cite journal
|author = Clark, Maurice
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Lightcurves from the Preston Gott and McDonald Observatories
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011MPBu...38..187C
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 38
|issue = 4
|pages = 187–189
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2011MPBu...38..187C
|access-date= 4 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Clark-2015b">{{Cite journal
|author = Clark, Maurice
|date = July 2015
|title = Asteroid Photometry from the Preston Gott Observatory
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015MPBu...42..163C
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 42
|issue = 3
|pages = 163–166
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2015MPBu...42..163C
|access-date= 4 August 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Clark-2016b">{{Cite journal
|author = Clark, Maurice
|date = January 2016
|title = Shape Modelling of Asteriods [sic] 1708 Polit, 2036 Sheragul, and 3015 Candy
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016MPBu...43...80C
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 43
|issue = 1
|pages = 80–86
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2016MPBu...43...80C
|access-date= 4 August 2017}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Geneve, Raoul Behrend
* {{AstDys|1708}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1707 Chantal |number=1708 |1709 Ukraina}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Polit}}
[[Category:Background asteroids|001708]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Josep Comas Solà]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1929|19291201]]
| 1,233,138,120 |
[{"title": "1708 P\u00f3lit", "data": {"Discovered by": "J. Comas Sol\u00e0", "Discovery site": "Fabra Obs.", "Discovery date": "30 November 1929"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"MPC designation": "(1708) P\u00f3lit", "Named after": "Isidre P\u00f2lit \u00b7 (Catalan astronomer)", "Alternative designations": "1929 XA \u00b7 1934 XF \u00b7 1939 YB", "Minor planet category": "main-belt \u00b7 (outer)"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Orbital characteristics": ["Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)", "Uncertainty parameter 0"], "Observation arc": "87.51 yr (31,964 days)", "Aphelion": "3.8064 AU", "Perihelion": "2.0159 AU", "Semi-major axis": "2.9111 AU", "Eccentricity": "0.3075", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "4.97 yr (1,814 days)", "Mean anomaly": "213.43\u00b0", "Mean motion": "0\u00b0 11m 54.24s / day", "Inclination": "6.0445\u00b0", "Longitude of ascending node": "192.21\u00b0", "Argument of perihelion": "248.96\u00b0"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Dimensions": "27.46\u00b11.30 km \u00b7 28.06\u00b16.19 km \u00b7 28.706\u00b10.057 km \u00b7 29.30\u00b11.7 km \u00b7 30.282\u00b10.071 km \u00b7 33.44\u00b11.53 km", "Synodic rotation period": "7.5080\u00b10.0002 h \u00b7 7.5085\u00b10.001 h \u00b7 7.520\u00b10.002 h", "Geometric albedo": "0.035\u00b10.004 \u00b7 0.0350\u00b10.0055 \u00b7 0.0392\u00b10.005 \u00b7 0.04\u00b10.01 \u00b7 0.042\u00b10.008", "Spectral type": "C", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "11.70 \u00b7 11.8 \u00b7 11.86"}}]
| false |
# 1636
1636 (MDCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1636th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 636th year of the 2nd millennium, the 36th year of the 17th century, and the 7th year of the 1630s decade. As of the start of 1636, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
## Events
### January–March
- January 1 – Anthony van Diemen takes office as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), and will serve until his death in 1645.
- January 18 – The Duke's Mistress, the last play by James Shirley, is given its first performance.
- February 21 – Al Walid ben Zidan, Sultan of Morocco, is assassinated by French renegades.
- February 26 – Nimi a Lukeni a Nzenze a Ntumba is installed as King Alvaro VI of Kongo, in the area now occupied by the African nation of Angola, and rules until his death on February 22, 1641.
- March 5 (February 24 Old Style) – King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway gives an order, that all beggars that are able to work must be sent to Brinholmen, to build ships or to work as galley rowers.
- March 13 (March 3 Old Style) – A "great charter" to the University of Oxford establishes the Oxford University Press, as the second of the privileged presses in England.[1]
- March 26 – Utrecht University is founded in the Dutch Republic.
### April–June
- April 30 – Eighty Years' War: The nine-month Siege of Schenkenschans ends, when forces of the Dutch Republic recapture the strategically important fort from the Spanish.
- May 14 – William Pynchon and his men establish the settlement of Agawam Plantation (now Springfield, Massachusetts) in territory controlled by the Agawam people, a subset of the Algonquian peoples, and negotiate for its purchase for Britain's Connecticut Colony.[2] The Agawams deed the land to Connecticut on July 15, and the area is later deeded by Connecticut to the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
- June 20 – Roger Williams and other Puritan settlers become founders of the colony of Providence Plantations, which later joins neighbouring territory to become the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. The area today is the U.S. state of Rhode Island.
- June 22 – The Battle of Tornavento is fought in north-west Italy in the course of the Thirty Years' War, as France and Savoy respond to an attack by Spain. While the battle is a stalemate, the city of Castano Primo is heavily damaged.
### July–September
- July 10 – The Senate of the Venetian Republic votes, 82 to 4, in favor of renewing the charter of Jewish merchants to sell within the city, after a delay of almost six months.[3]
- July 20 – The Pequot War begins in New England when John Oldham and several of his crew are killed when his ship is attacked and robbed, apparently by allies of the Narragansett Indians at Block Island.[4]
- July 30 – In France, Cardinal Richelieu persuades King Louis XIII to issue an ordonnance excusing the French nobility from military service if they pay a tax which allows the hiring of paid cavalry.[5]
- August 15 – The Spanish besiege Corbie, France.
- August 25 (August 15 Old Style) – The covenant of the Town of Dedham, Massachusetts Bay Colony is first signed.
- September 18 (September 8 Old Style) – A vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony establishes New College (Harvard University), as the first college founded in the United States.[6]
### October–December
- October 4 (September 24 Old Style) – Thirty Years' War – Battle of Wittstock: A Swedish-allied army defeats a combined Imperial-Saxon army.
- November 5 – English theologian Henry Burton preaches two sermons on Guy Fawkes Day, heavily critical of the Anglican bishops, and is soon summoned before the Star Chamber.[7]
- December 23 (December 13 Old Style) – The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. This organization is recognized today as the founding of the United States National Guard.
### Date unknown
- Thirty Years' War: French intervention starts.[8]
- Manchus occupy the Liaoning region in north China, select Shenyang (Mukden) as their capital, and proclaim the new Qing dynasty (pure).
- Kohra (estate) is founded by Babu Himmat Sah.
- The shōgun forbids Japanese to travel abroad, and those abroad from returning home.
- Emperor Fasilides founds the city of Gondar, which becomes the capital of Ethiopia for the next two centuries.
- The first American ancestor of John Adams, Henry Adams, emigrates to Massachusetts.
- The first synagogue of the New World, Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue, is founded in Recife by the Dutch.
## Births
### January–March
- January 1 – Jacques Cassagne, French clergyman (d. 1679)
- January 8 – Fernando de Valenzuela, 1st Marquis of Villasierra, Spanish noble (d. 1692)
- January 12 – Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer, French painter (d. 1699)
- January 20 – Count Maximilian I, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (d. 1689)
- February 6 – Heiman Dullaart, Dutch painter (d. 1684)
- February 12 – Hermann Witsius, Dutch theologian (d. 1708)
- February 16 – Shubael Dummer, American Congregational church minister (d. 1692)
- March 1 – Giacinto Camillo Maradei, Italian Catholic prelate, Bishop of Policastro (d. 1705)
- March 8 – Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian (d. 1703)
- March 13 – Ulrik Huber, Dutch philosopher (d. 1694)
- March 25 – Henric Piccardt, Dutch lawyer (d. 1712)
### April–June
- April 6 – Noël Bouton de Chamilly, Marshal of France (d. 1715)
- April 10 – Balthasar Kindermann, German poet (d. 1706)
- April 13 – Hendrik van Rheede, Dutch botanist (d. 1691)
- April 29 – Esaias Reusner, German lutenist and composer (d. 1679)
- May 6 – Laura Mancini, French court beauty (d. 1657)
- May 17 – Edward Colman, English Catholic courtier under Charles II (d. 1678)
- May 22 – Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1687)
- May 27 – Thormodus Torfæus, Icelandic historian (d. 1719)
- June 3 – John Hale, Beverly minister (d. 1700)
- June 15
- Sir Thomas Slingsby, 2nd Baronet of England (d. 1688)
- Charles de La Fosse, French painter (d. 1716)
- June 21 – Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon, French noble (d. 1721)
- June 29 – Thomas Hyde, English orientalist (d. 1703)
### July–September
- July 2 – Daniel Speer, German Baroque composer and writer (d. 1709)
- July 12 – Count Ferdinand Edzard of East Frisia, German nobleman (d. 1668)
- July 31 – Josias II, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen, major general in Brunswick and co-ruler of Waldeck-Wildungen (d. 1669)
- August 25 – Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart, French military man, brother of Madame de Montespan (d. 1688)
- September 5 – Ignace-Gaston Pardies, French physicist (d. 1673)
- September 24 – Francesco Vaccaro, Italian painter (d. 1675)
- September 25 – Ferdinand Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein, German prince (d. 1698)
- September 28 – Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Prussian royal consort (d. 1689)
- September 29 – Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1715)
### October–December
- October 6 – George Frederick, Count of Erbach-Breuberg, Count of Erbach and Breuberg (1653) (d. 1653)
- October 15 – John Strangways, English politician (d. 1676)
- October 23 – Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, queen consort of King Charles X of Sweden (d. 1715)
- October 31 – Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria, Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector of the Holy Roman Empire (d. 1679)
- November 1 – Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (d. 1711)[9]
- November 2 – Edward Colston, Bristol-born English slave trader (d. 1721)
- November 6
- Princess Catherine Beatrice of Savoy, daughter of the Duke of Savoy (d. 1637)
- Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy, wife of Ferdinand Maria (d. 1676)
- November 11 – Yan Ruoqu, Chinese scholar (d. 1704)
- November 14 – Pierre du Cambout de Coislin, French prelate (d. 1706)
- November 30
- Johannes Fabritius, Dutch painter (d. 1693)
- Adriaen van de Velde, Dutch painter (d. 1672)[10]
- December 1 – Elizabeth Capell, Countess of Essex, British countess (d. 1718)
- December 23 – Gregório de Matos, Brazilian poet and lawyer (d. 1696)
- December 26 – Justine Siegemund, German writer (d. 1705)
- December 27 – William Whitelock, English gentleman, Member of Parliament (d. 1717)
### date unknown
- Mary Rowlandson, American author and captive during King Philip's War (d. 1711)
- George Etherege, English playwright (d. 1692)
## Deaths
- January 11 – Dodo Knyphausen, Swedish military leader (b. 1583)
- January 16 – Queen Inyeol, Korean royal consort (b. 1594)
- January 19 – Daniel Schwenter, German Orientalist (b. 1585)
- January 26 – Jean Hotman, Marquis de Villers-St-Paul, French diplomat (b. 1552)
- February 13 – Barbara Sophie of Brandenburg, duchess consort and later regent of Württemberg (b. 1584)
- February 16 – Tokuhime, Japanese noble (b. 1559)
- February 22 – Santorio Santorio, Italian physician (b. 1561)
- March 11 – Christoph Grienberger, Austrian astronomer (b. 1561)
- March 24 – Johanna Sibylla of Hanau-Lichtenberg, countess consort of Wied-Runkel and Isenburg (b. 1564)
- April 6 – Philipp Uffenbach, German artist (b. 1566)
- April 18 – Julius Caesar, English judge (b. c.1557)
- April 23 – John Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg (b. 1590)
- May 23 – Agatha Marie of Hanau, German noblewoman (b. 1599)
- June 7 – Frederik Coning, Dutch member of the Haarlem schutterij (b. 1594)
- June 9 – Antoine de Paule, French-born 56th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. c.1551)
- June 13 – George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly, Scottish politician (b. 1562)
- June 21 – Justus de Harduwijn, Dutch Catholic priest and poet (b. 1582)
- June 27 – Date Masamune, Japanese daimyō (b. 1567)
- July – Elijah Loans, rabbi and kabbalist (b. 1555)
- July 20 – Albrycht Władysław Radziwiłł, Polish prince (b. 1589)
- August 6 – Countess Katharina of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1568)
- August 8 – Simon Louis, Count of Lippe-Detmolt (1627–1636) (b. 1610)
- August 25 – Bhai Gurdas, Sikh religious figure (b. 1551)
- September 6 – Paul Stockmann, German hymnwriter (b. 1603)
- September 17 – Stefano Maderno, Italian sculptor (b. 1576)
- September 19 – Franz von Dietrichstein, German Catholic bishop (b. 1570)
- October 1 – Augustus the Elder, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Lutheran Bishop of Ratzeburg (b. 1568)
- October 11 – Johann Albrecht Adelgrief, German self-proclaimed prophet who was executed for witchcraft
- October 19
- Marcin Kazanowski, Polish military leader (b. c. 1564)
- Hugh Hamersley, Lord Mayor of London, England (1627–1628) (b. 1565)
- December 9
- Fabian Birkowski, Polish writer (b. 1566)
- Giovanni da San Giovanni, Italian painter (b. 1592)
- December 10 – Randal MacDonnell, 1st Earl of Antrim, Irish leader
- December 19 – William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton, British baron (b. 1591)
- December 22 – Johannes Saeckma, Dutch Golden Age magistrate (b. 1572)
- December 27 – Iskandar Muda, Sultan of Aceh (b. 1583)
- date unknown – Euphrosina Heldina von Dieffenau; German-Swedish courtier
- Louise Bourgeois Boursier, French Royal midwife (b. 1563)
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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1636}}
{{Year nav|1636}}
[[File:Gerrit van Santen - Het beleg van Schenckenschans door prins Frederik Hendrik, april 1636.jpg|300px|thumb|[[April 30]]: The [[Dutch Republic]] recaptures the fortress of Schenckenschans from the Spanish after a costly nine-month siege.]]
[[File:The Battle of Wittstock 1636.jpg|300px|thumb|[[October 4]]: Sweden defeats the Holy Roman Empire in the [[Battle of Wittstock]]]]
{{C17 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1636}}
== Events ==
<onlyinclude>
=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]] – [[Anthony van Diemen]] takes office as [[Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies]] (now Indonesia), and will serve until his death in 1645.
* [[January 18]] – ''[[The Duke's Mistress]]'', the last play by [[James Shirley]], is given its first performance.
* [[February 21]] – [[Al Walid ben Zidan]], [[List of rulers of Morocco|Sultan of Morocco]], is assassinated by French renegades.
* [[February 26]] – Nimi a Lukeni a Nzenze a Ntumba is installed as [[Álvaro VI of Kongo|King Alvaro VI]] of [[Kingdom of Kongo|Kongo]], in the area now occupied by the African nation of [[Angola]], and rules until his death on February 22, 1641.
* [[March 5]] (February 24 [[Old Style]]) – King [[Christian IV of Denmark and Norway]] gives an order, that all [[beggar]]s that are able to work must be sent to Brinholmen, to build ships or to work as [[galley]] rowers.
* [[March 13]] (March 3 [[Old Style]]) – A "great charter" to the [[University of Oxford]] establishes the [[Oxford University Press]], as the second of the [[privileged presses]] in England.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Short History of Oxford University Press|url=http://global.oup.com/about/oup_history/?AB=B&cc=gb|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2012|access-date=2013-07-30}}</ref>
* [[March 26]] – [[Utrecht University]] is founded in the [[Dutch Republic]].
=== April–June ===
* [[April 30]] – [[Eighty Years' War]]: The nine-month [[Siege of Schenkenschans]] ends, when forces of the Dutch Republic recapture the strategically important fort from the Spanish.
* [[May 14]] – [[William Pynchon]] and his men establish the settlement of Agawam Plantation (now [[Springfield, Massachusetts]]) in territory controlled by the [[Agawam people]], a subset of the [[Algonquian peoples]], and negotiate for its purchase for Britain's [[Connecticut Colony]].<ref>Esther M. Swift, ''West Springfield Massachusetts: A Town History'' (West Springfield Heritage Association, 1969)</ref> The Agawams deed the land to Connecticut on [[July 15]], and the area is later deeded by Connecticut to the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]].
* [[June 20]] – [[Roger Williams]] and other Puritan settlers become founders of the colony of [[Providence Plantations]], which later joins neighbouring territory to become the [[colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations]]. The area today is the U.S. state of [[Rhode Island]].
* [[June 22]] – The [[Battle of Tornavento]] is fought in north-west Italy in the course of the [[Thirty Years' War]], as France and Savoy respond to an attack by Spain. While the battle is a stalemate, the city of [[Castano Primo]] is heavily damaged.
=== July–September ===
* [[July 10]] – The Senate of the Venetian Republic votes, 82 to 4, in favor of renewing the charter of Jewish merchants to sell within the city, after a delay of almost six months.<ref>Simone Luzzatto, ''Discourse on the State of the Jews'' (De Gruyter, 2019) p. 257</ref>
* [[July 20]] – The Pequot War begins in New England when John Oldham and several of his crew are killed when his ship is attacked and robbed, apparently by allies of the Narragansett Indians at Block Island.<ref>Gabriele Esposito, ''Armies of Early Colonial North America, 1607–1713: History, Organization and Uniforms'' (Pen & Sword Books, 2018)</ref>
* [[July 30]] – In France, [[Cardinal Richelieu]] persuades King Louis XIII to issue an ''ordonnance'' excusing the French nobility from military service if they pay a tax which allows the hiring of paid cavalry.<ref>Stéphane Thion, ''French Armies of the Thirty Years' War'' (LRT Editions, 2013) p. 86</ref>
* [[August 15]] – The Spanish besiege [[Corbie]], [[Kingdom of France|France]].
* [[August 25]] (August 15 [[Old Style]]) – The covenant of the Town of [[Dedham, Massachusetts|Dedham]], [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] is first signed.
* [[September 18]] (September 8 [[Old Style]]) – A vote of the [[Great and General Court]] of the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] establishes [[Harvard University|New College]] ([[Harvard University]]), as the first college founded in the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Morison | first = Samuel | title = Three centuries of Harvard, 1636-1926 | publisher = Belknap Press of Harvard University Press | location = Cambridge, Mass | year = 1964 | isbn = 9780674888913 |page=5|language=en}}</ref>
=== October–December ===
* [[October 4]] (September 24 [[Old Style]]) – [[Thirty Years' War]] – [[Battle of Wittstock]]: A Swedish-allied army defeats a combined [[Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Emperor|Imperial]]-[[Saxony|Saxon]] army.
* [[November 5]] – English theologian [[Henry Burton (theologian)|Henry Burton]] preaches two sermons on Guy Fawkes Day, heavily critical of the Anglican bishops, and is soon summoned before the Star Chamber.<ref>"Popes and Guys and Anti-Catholicism", by Justin Champion, in ''Gunpowder Plots: A Celebration of 400 Years of Bonfire Night'', ed. by Antonia Fraser (Penguin, 2005)</ref>
* [[December 23]] (December 13 [[Old Style]]) – The [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] organizes three [[militia]] regiments to defend the colony against the [[Pequot]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Indians]]. This organization is recognized today as the founding of the [[United States National Guard]].
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Thirty Years' War]]: French intervention starts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1636 |title=Historical Events for Year 1636 | OnThisDay.com |website=Historyorb.com |access-date=2016-06-24}}</ref>
* [[Manchus]] occupy the [[Liaoning]] region in north [[China]], select [[Shenyang]] ([[Mukden]]) as their capital, and proclaim the new [[Qing dynasty]] (''pure'').
* [[Kohra (estate)]] is founded by [[Babu Himmat Sah]].
* The ''[[shōgun]]'' forbids Japanese to travel abroad, and those abroad from returning home.
* Emperor [[Fasilides]] founds the city of [[Gondar]], which becomes the capital of [[Ethiopia]] for the next two centuries.
* The first American ancestor of [[John Adams]], Henry Adams, emigrates to [[Massachusetts]].
* The first [[synagogue]] of the [[New World]], [[Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue]], is founded in [[Recife]] by the [[Dutch (ethnic group)|Dutch]].</onlyinclude>
== Births ==
[[File:Laura Mancini 01.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Laura Mancini]]]]
[[File:Gregório de Matos.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Gregório de Matos]]]]
[[File:Justina Siegmundin1.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Justine Siegemund]]]]
=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]] – [[Jacques Cassagne]], French clergyman (d. [[1679]])
* [[January 8]] – [[Fernando de Valenzuela, 1st Marquis of Villasierra]], Spanish noble (d. [[1692]])
* [[January 12]] – [[Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer]], French painter (d. [[1699]])
* [[January 20]] – Count [[Maximilian I, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen]] (d. [[1689]])
* [[February 6]] – [[Heiman Dullaart]], Dutch painter (d. [[1684]])
* [[February 12]] – [[Hermann Witsius]], Dutch theologian (d. [[1708]])
* [[February 16]] – [[Shubael Dummer]], American Congregational church minister (d. [[1692]])
* [[March 1]] – [[Giacinto Camillo Maradei]], Italian Catholic prelate, Bishop of Policastro (d. [[1705]])
* [[March 8]] – [[Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian]] (d. [[1703]])
* [[March 13]] – [[Ulrik Huber]], Dutch philosopher (d. [[1694]])
* [[March 25]] – [[Henric Piccardt]], Dutch lawyer (d. [[1712]])
=== April–June ===
* [[April 6]] – [[Noël Bouton de Chamilly]], Marshal of France (d. [[1715]])
* [[April 10]] – [[Balthasar Kindermann]], German poet (d. [[1706]])
* [[April 13]] – [[Hendrik van Rheede]], Dutch botanist (d. [[1691]])
* [[April 29]] – [[Esaias Reusner]], German lutenist and composer (d. [[1679]])
* [[May 6]] – [[Laura Mancini]], French court beauty (d. [[1657]])
* [[May 17]] – [[Edward Colman (martyr)|Edward Colman]], English Catholic courtier under Charles II (d. [[1678]])
* [[May 22]] – [[Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (d. [[1687]])
* [[May 27]] – [[Thormodus Torfæus]], Icelandic historian (d. [[1719]])
* [[June 3]] – [[John Hale (Beverly minister)|John Hale]], Beverly minister (d. [[1700]])
* [[June 15]]
** [[Sir Thomas Slingsby, 2nd Baronet]] of England (d. [[1688]])
** [[Charles de La Fosse]], French painter (d. [[1716]])
* [[June 21]] – [[Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon]], French noble (d. [[1721]])
* [[June 29]] – [[Thomas Hyde]], English orientalist (d. [[1703]])
=== July–September ===
* [[July 2]] – [[Daniel Speer]], German Baroque composer and writer (d. [[1709]])
* [[July 12]] – [[Count Ferdinand Edzard of East Frisia]], German nobleman (d. [[1668]])
* [[July 31]] – [[Josias II, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen]], major general in Brunswick and co-ruler of Waldeck-Wildungen (d. [[1669]])
* [[August 25]] – [[Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart]], French military man, brother of [[Madame de Montespan]] (d. [[1688]])
* [[September 5]] – [[Ignace-Gaston Pardies]], French physicist (d. [[1673]])
* [[September 24]] – [[Francesco Vaccaro (painter)|Francesco Vaccaro]], Italian painter (d. [[1675]])
* [[September 25]] – [[Ferdinand Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein]], German prince (d. [[1698]])
* [[September 28]] – [[Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]], Prussian royal consort (d. [[1689]])
* [[September 29]] – [[Thomas Tenison]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (d. [[1715]])
=== October–December ===
* [[October 6]] – [[George Frederick, Count of Erbach-Breuberg]], Count of Erbach and Breuberg (1653) (d. [[1653]])
* [[October 15]] – [[John Strangways (died 1676)|John Strangways]], English politician (d. [[1676]])
* [[October 23]] – [[Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp]], queen consort of King Charles X of Sweden (d. [[1715]])
* [[October 31]] – [[Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria]], Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector of the Holy Roman Empire (d. [[1679]])
* [[November 1]] – [[Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux]], French poet and critic (d. [[1711]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Rogal | first = Samuel | title = Calendar of literary facts : a daily and yearly guide to noteworthy events in world literature from 1450 to the present | publisher = Gale Research | location = Detroit | year = 1991 | isbn = 9780810329430 | page=26|language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 2]] – [[Edward Colston]], Bristol-born English slave trader (d. [[1721]])
* [[November 6]]
** [[Princess Catherine Beatrice of Savoy]], daughter of the Duke of Savoy (d. [[1637]])
** [[Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy]], wife of Ferdinand Maria (d. [[1676]])
* [[November 11]] – [[Yan Ruoqu]], Chinese scholar (d. [[1704]])
* [[November 14]] – [[Pierre du Cambout de Coislin]], French prelate (d. [[1706]])
* [[November 30]]
** [[Johannes Fabritius]], Dutch painter (d. [[1693]])
** [[Adriaen van de Velde]], Dutch painter (d. [[1672]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Sutton | first = Peter | title = The golden age of Dutch landscape painting | publisher = Fundación Colección Thyssen-Bornemisza | location = Madrid | year = 1994 | isbn = 9788488474162 |page=274}}</ref>
* [[December 1]] – [[Elizabeth Capell, Countess of Essex]], British countess (d. [[1718]])
* [[December 23]] – [[Gregório de Matos]], Brazilian poet and lawyer (d. [[1696]])
* [[December 26]] – [[Justine Siegemund]], German writer (d. [[1705]])
* [[December 27]] – [[William Whitelock]], English gentleman, Member of Parliament (d. [[1717]])
=== date unknown ===
* [[Mary Rowlandson]], American author and captive during King Philip's War (d. [[1711]])
* [[George Etherege]], English playwright (d. [[1692]])
== Deaths ==
[[File:Date Masamune02.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Date Masamune]]]]
[[File:Frans Hals (I) 122.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Johannes Saeckma]]]]
* [[January 11]] – [[Dodo zu Innhausen und Knyphausen|Dodo Knyphausen]], Swedish military leader (b. [[1583]])
* [[January 16]] – [[Queen Inyeol]], Korean royal consort (b. [[1594]])
* [[January 19]] – [[Daniel Schwenter]], German Orientalist (b. [[1585]])
* [[January 26]] – [[Jean Hotman, Marquis de Villers-St-Paul]], French diplomat (b. [[1552]])
* [[February 13]] – [[Barbara Sophie of Brandenburg]], duchess consort and later regent of Württemberg (b. [[1584]])
* [[February 16]] – [[Tokuhime (1559–1636)|Tokuhime]], Japanese noble (b. [[1559]])
* [[February 22]] – [[Santorio Santorio]], Italian physician (b. [[1561]])
* [[March 11]] – [[Christoph Grienberger]], Austrian astronomer (b. [[1561]])
* [[March 24]] – [[Johanna Sibylla of Hanau-Lichtenberg]], countess consort of Wied-Runkel and Isenburg (b. [[1564]])
* [[April 6]] – [[Philipp Uffenbach]], German artist (b. [[1566]])
* [[April 18]] – [[Julius Caesar (judge)|Julius Caesar]], English judge (b. c.[[1557]])
* [[April 23]] – [[John Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg]] (b. [[1590]])
* [[May 23]] – [[Agatha Marie of Hanau]], German noblewoman (b. [[1599]])
* [[June 7]] – [[Frederik Coning]], Dutch member of the Haarlem schutterij (b. [[1594]])
* [[June 9]] – [[Antoine de Paule]], French-born 56th Grandmaster of the [[Knights Hospitaller]] (b. c.[[1551]])
* [[June 13]] – [[George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly]], Scottish politician (b. [[1562]])
* [[June 21]] – [[Justus de Harduwijn]], Dutch Catholic priest and poet (b. [[1582]])
* [[June 27]] – [[Date Masamune]], Japanese daimyō (b. [[1567]])
* [[July]] – [[Elijah Loans]], rabbi and kabbalist (b. [[1555]])
* [[July 20]] – [[Albrycht Władysław Radziwiłł]], Polish prince (b. [[1589]])
* [[August 6]] – Countess [[Katharina of Hanau-Lichtenberg]] (b. [[1568]])
* [[August 8]] – [[Simon Louis, Count of Lippe]]-Detmolt (1627–1636) (b. [[1610]])
* [[August 25]] – [[Bhai Gurdas]], Sikh religious figure (b. [[1551]])
* [[September 6]] – [[Paul Stockmann]], German hymnwriter (b. [[1603]])
* [[September 17]] – [[Stefano Maderno]], Italian sculptor (b. [[1576]])
* [[September 19]] – [[Franz von Dietrichstein]], German Catholic bishop (b. [[1570]])
* [[October 1]] – [[Augustus the Elder, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], Lutheran Bishop of Ratzeburg (b. [[1568]])
* [[October 11]] – [[Johann Albrecht Adelgrief]], German self-proclaimed prophet who was executed for witchcraft
* [[October 19]]
** [[Marcin Kazanowski]], Polish military leader (b. c. [[1564]])
** [[Hugh Hamersley]], Lord Mayor of London, England (1627–1628) (b. [[1565]])
* [[December 9]]
** [[Fabian Birkowski]], Polish writer (b. [[1566]])
** [[Giovanni da San Giovanni]], Italian painter (b. [[1592]])
* [[December 10]] – [[Randal MacDonnell, 1st Earl of Antrim]], Irish leader
* [[December 19]] – [[William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton]], British baron (b. [[1591]])
* [[December 22]] – [[Johannes Saeckma]], Dutch Golden Age magistrate (b. [[1572]])
* [[December 27]] – [[Iskandar Muda]], Sultan of Aceh (b. [[1583]])
* ''date unknown'' – [[Euphrosina Heldina von Dieffenau]]; German-Swedish courtier
** [[Louise Bourgeois Boursier]], French Royal midwife (b. [[1563]])
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1636}}
[[Category:1636| ]]
[[Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar]]
| 1,262,133,814 |
[{"title": "1636 in various calendars", "data": {"Gregorian calendar": "1636 \u00b7 MDCXXXVI", "Ab urbe condita": "2389", "Armenian calendar": "1085 \u00b7 \u0539\u054e \u054c\u0541\u0535", "Assyrian calendar": "6386", "Balinese saka calendar": "1557\u20131558", "Bengali calendar": "1042\u20131043", "Berber calendar": "2586", "English Regnal year": "11 Cha. 1 \u2013 12 Cha. 1", "Buddhist calendar": "2180", "Burmese calendar": "998", "Byzantine calendar": "7144\u20137145", "Chinese calendar": "\u4e59\u4ea5\u5e74 (Wood Pig) \u00b7 4333 or 4126 \u00b7 \u2014 to \u2014 \u00b7 \u4e19\u5b50\u5e74 (Fire Rat) \u00b7 4334 or 4127", "Coptic calendar": "1352\u20131353", "Discordian calendar": "2802", "Ethiopian calendar": "1628\u20131629", "Hebrew calendar": "5396\u20135397", "- Vikram Samvat": "1692\u20131693", "- Shaka Samvat": "1557\u20131558", "- Kali Yuga": "4736\u20134737", "Holocene calendar": "11636", "Igbo calendar": "636\u2013637", "Iranian calendar": "1014\u20131015", "Islamic calendar": "1045\u20131046", "Japanese calendar": "Kan'ei 13 \u00b7 (\u5bdb\u6c38\uff11\uff13\u5e74)", "Javanese calendar": "1557\u20131558", "Julian calendar": "Gregorian minus 10 days", "Korean calendar": "3969", "Minguo calendar": "276 before ROC \u00b7 \u6c11\u524d276\u5e74", "Nanakshahi calendar": "168", "Thai solar calendar": "2178\u20132179", "Tibetan calendar": "\u9634\u6728\u732a\u5e74 \u00b7 (female Wood-Pig) \u00b7 1762 or 1381 or 609 \u00b7 \u2014 to \u2014 \u00b7 \u9633\u706b\u9f20\u5e74 \u00b7 (male Fire-Rat) \u00b7 1763 or 1382 or 610"}}]
| false |
# 1021 O Street
1021 O Street is a 10-story office building located in downtown Sacramento, two blocks south of the California State Capitol. Currently known as the Capitol Annex Swing Space, the building was built to house offices for the California State Legislature, the Governor of California, and other state officials during the replacement of the Capitol Annex, a 1952 office building attached to the east side of the Capitol.
## History
Prior to construction, the site was a parking lot. The Legislature authorized the project in 2018. Completion was in 2021, and offices were moved in December 2021 after the end of the 2021 legislative session, with the building opening to the public in January 2022. Compared to the old Annex, the Swing Space has larger offices, and is also more energy efficient, being designed to meet zero net carbon and zero net energy standards.
## Description
The building contains hearing rooms on the first two floors, offices for Assemblymembers and State Senators on floors 3–8, and offices of the Governor and other statewide executive elected officials on floors 9–10. The building is open to the public, however, only three of the elevators (which use destination dispatch are available for public use, with the other three reserved for elected officials.
## Gallery
- Destination dispatch panel for the 1021 O Street elevators
- View from corner of 10th and O Street
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1021_O_Street
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Q120703964
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{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}} {{Use American English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox building
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| former_names =
| alternate_names = Capitol Annex Swing Space
| etymology =
| status = Completed
| cancelled =
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| building_type = Office
| architectural_style = Modernism
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| address = 1021 O Street
| location_city = [[Sacramento, CA]]
| location_country = United States
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| current_tenants = [[California State Legislature]], [[Governor of California]]
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| cost = $430 million
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'''1021 O Street''' is a 10-story [[office building]] located in downtown [[Sacramento]], two blocks south of the [[California State Capitol]]. Currently known as the Capitol Annex Swing Space, the building was built to house offices for the [[California State Legislature]], the [[Governor of California]], and other state officials during the replacement of the Capitol Annex, a 1952 office building attached to the east side of the Capitol.
== History ==
Prior to construction, the site was a parking lot. The Legislature authorized the project in 2018. Completion was in 2021, and offices were moved in December 2021 after the end of the 2021 legislative session, with the building opening to the public in January 2022. Compared to the old Annex, the Swing Space has larger offices, and is also more energy efficient, being designed to meet [[zero net carbon]] and [[zero net energy]] standards.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nixon |first1=Nicole |title=California lawmakers vacate the Capitol annex, but lawsuits leave its future uncertain |url=https://www.capradio.org/articles/2021/12/01/california-lawmakers-vacate-the-capitol-annex-but-lawsuits-leave-its-future-uncertain/ |access-date=2 July 2023 |publisher=CapRadio |date=Dec 1, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1021 O Street State Office Building Project |url=https://www.dgs.ca.gov/RESD/Projects/Page-Content/Projects-List-Folder/10th-and-O-Street-State-Office-Building-Project |website=Department of General Services |publisher=Real Estate Services Division |access-date=2 July 2023}}</ref>
== Description ==
The building contains hearing rooms on the first two floors, offices for Assemblymembers and State Senators on floors 3–8, and offices of the Governor and other statewide executive elected officials on floors 9–10. The building is open to the public, however, only three of the [[elevator]]s (which use [[destination dispatch]] are available for public use, with the other three reserved for elected officials.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joseph |first1=Brian |title=Everyone hates the Swing Space elevators, but are they really dangerous? |url=https://capitolweekly.net/everyone-hates-the-swing-space-elevators-but-are-they-really-dangerous/ |access-date=2 July 2023 |publisher=Capitol Weekly |date=13 June 2023}}</ref>
== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Image:1021 O Street, Sacramento Capitol Annex Swing Space elevator destination dispatch panel.jpg|Destination dispatch panel for the 1021 O Street elevators
Image:Capitol Annex Swing Space, 1021 O Street, Sacramento, California.jpg|View from corner of 10th and O Street</gallery>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Government buildings in California]]
[[Category:Office buildings in Sacramento, California]]
[[Category:Government buildings completed in 2021]]
[[Category:Government of California]]
| 1,241,762,325 |
[{"title": "1021 O Street", "data": {"Alternative names": "Capitol Annex Swing Space"}}, {"title": "General information", "data": {"Status": "Completed", "Type": "Office", "Architectural style": "Modernism", "Address": "1021 O Street", "Town or city": "Sacramento, CA", "Country": "United States", "Coordinates": "38\u00b034\u203230\u2033N 121\u00b029\u203242\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff38.575001\u00b0N 121.495082\u00b0W", "Current tenants": "California State Legislature, Governor of California", "Groundbreaking": "2019", "Completed": "2021", "Opened": "2022", "Cost": "$430 million"}}, {"title": "Technical details", "data": {"Floor count": "10", "Floor area": "478,000 square feet", "Lifts/elevators": "6"}}, {"title": "Design and construction", "data": {"Architecture firm": "HOK", "Developer": "State of California Department of General Services", "Main contractor": "Hensel Phelps Construction"}}, {"title": "Other information", "data": {"Public transit access": "Archives Plaza station"}}]
| false |
# 1930 in Northern Ireland
Events during the year 1930 in Northern Ireland.
## Incumbents
- Governor – The Duke of Abercorn
- Prime Minister – James Craig
## Events
- The Education (Northern Ireland) Act restores 50% government funding to Voluntary (chiefly Catholic) schools and allows religious instruction in controlled schools.[1]
## Sport
### Football
- International
1 February Northern Ireland 7 – 0 Wales (Joe Bambrick scored six of the goals)
22 February Scotland 3 – 1 Northern Ireland (in Glasgow)
20 October England 5 – 1 Northern Ireland (in Sheffield)
- Irish League
Winners: Linfield
- Irish Cup
Winners: Linfield 4 – 3 Ballymena United
## Births
- 8 March – Douglas Hurd, seventh Secretary of State for Northern Ireland.
- 8 May – Heather Harper, operatic soprano (died 2019).
- 9 July – Hugh Morrow, footballer and manager
- 23 September – Colin Blakely, actor (died 1987).
- Jim Anderson, loyalist paramilitary
- Tomás Ó Canainn, electrical engineer and traditional musician (died 2013).
## Deaths
- 1 October – James Whiteside McCay, Lieutenant General in the Australian Army, member of the Victorian and Australian Parliaments (born 1864).
- May Crommelin, novelist and travel writer (born 1849/1850).
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_in_Northern_Ireland
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Q4562725
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2012}}
{{YearInNorthernIrelandNav|1930}}
Events during the year '''1930 in [[Northern Ireland]]'''.
==Incumbents==
* [[Governor of Northern Ireland|Governor]] – [[James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn|The Duke of Abercorn]]
* [[Prime Minister of Northern Ireland|Prime Minister]] – [[James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon|James Craig]]
==Events==
*The Education (Northern Ireland) Act restores 50% government funding to Voluntary (chiefly [[Catholic]]) schools and allows religious instruction in controlled schools.<ref>{{cite web|title=1930|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/educ/ei1930.htm|work=History of Education|publisher=CAIN Web Service – Conflict and Politics in Northern Ireland ([[University of Ulster]])|accessdate=22 August 2012}}</ref>
==Sport==
===Football===
*'''International'''
::1 February Northern Ireland 7 – 0 Wales ([[Joe Bambrick]] scored six of the goals)<ref name="DH">{{cite book|last=Hayes|first=Dean|year=2006|title=Northern Ireland International Football Facts|publisher=Appletree Press|location=Belfast|pages=167–168|isbn=0-86281-874-5}}</ref>
::22 February Scotland 3 – 1 Northern Ireland (in [[Glasgow]])<ref name="DH"/>
::20 October England 5 – 1 Northern Ireland (in [[Sheffield]])<ref name="DH"/>
*'''[[Irish League representative team|Irish League]]'''
::'''Winners:''' [[Linfield F.C.|Linfield]]
*'''[[Irish Cup]]'''
::'''Winners:''' [[Linfield F.C.|Linfield]] 4 – 3 [[Ballymena United F.C.|Ballymena United]]
==Births==
*8 March – [[Douglas Hurd]], seventh [[Secretary of State for Northern Ireland]].
*8 May – [[Heather Harper]], [[opera]]tic [[soprano]] (died 2019).
*9 July – [[Hugh Morrow (footballer)|Hugh Morrow]], footballer and manager
*23 September – [[Colin Blakely]], actor (died 1987).
*[[Jim Anderson (loyalist)|Jim Anderson]], loyalist paramilitary
*[[Tomás Ó Canainn]], electrical engineer and traditional musician (died 2013).
==Deaths==
*1 October – [[James Whiteside McCay]], [[Lieutenant General]] in the [[Australian Army]], member of the [[Parliament of Victoria|Victorian]] and [[parliament of Australia|Australian Parliaments]] (born 1864).
*[[May Crommelin]], novelist and travel writer (born 1849/1850).
==See also==
*[[1930 in Scotland]]
*[[1930 in Wales]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Year in Europe|1930}}
[[Category:1930 in Northern Ireland| ]]
[[Category:1930 in Europe]]
[[Category:1930 by country]]
| 1,258,394,604 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1929 - 1928 - 1927": "1930 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Northern Ireland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1931 - 1932 - 1933", "Centuries": "20th 21st", "Decades": "1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s", "See also": "1930 in the United Kingdom 1930 in Ireland Other events of 1930 List of years in Northern Ireland"}}]
| false |
# 1665 celestial phenomenon over Stralsund
1665 celestial phenomenon over Stralsund refers to reports from Stralsund, Swedish Pomerania (now Germany) during 1665 of unusual flying ships allegedly seen over Stralsund, now sometimes considered UFOs in a modern context. These ships were described as being dark-grey or having a color being "that of the rising Moon" and sometimes said to be covered by a dome like that of a hat as well as being saucer-shaped like a plate, often said to be seen flying over St. Nicholas Church near the Baltic Sea, where they would hover until the evening.
Some reports describe ships of various sizes battling each other in the sky over the Baltic Sea, which was viewed as an omen from God.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1665_celestial_phenomenon_over_Stralsund
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{{Sources exist|date=November 2024}}
{{Short description|Aerial phenomenon reported in Stralsund, Germany}}
[[File:1665 stralsund celestial phenomena.jpg|thumb|300px|1665 engraving of the phenomenon.]]
'''1665 celestial phenomenon over Stralsund''' refers to reports from [[Stralsund]], [[Swedish Pomerania]] (now Germany) during 1665 of unusual flying ships allegedly seen over Stralsund, now sometimes considered [[UFO]]s in a modern context. These ships were described as being dark-grey or having a color being "that of the rising Moon" and sometimes said to be covered by a dome like that of a hat as well as being saucer-shaped like a plate, often said to be seen flying over [[St. Nicholas Church, Stralsund|St. Nicholas Church]] near the [[Baltic Sea]], where they would hover until the evening.
Some reports describe ships of various sizes battling each other in the sky over the Baltic Sea, which was viewed as an [[omen]] from [[God]].<ref>[[Jacques Vallée]], Chris Aubeck. [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Wonders_in_the_Sky/XINLC2ubHqwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=stralsund Wonders in the Sky: Unexplained Aerial Objects from Antiquity to Modern Times]. [[Penguin Publishing Group]]. 28 October 2010.</ref><ref>[https://www.smb.museum/en/exhibitions/detail/a-ufo-in-1665/ A UFO in 1665: The Air Battle of Stralsund]. [[Staatliche Museen zu Berlin]]. 5 May 2023 - 3 August 2023.</ref><ref>[https://primo.getty.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay/GETTY_ALMA21249128800001551/GRI Ufo 1665 : die Luftschlacht von Stralsund = the air battle of Stralsund / Moritz Wullen]. [[J. Paul Getty Trust]]. </ref><ref>[[Jason Colavito]]. [https://www.jasoncolavito.com/blog/did-ufos-buzz-straslund-on-april-8-1665 Did UFOs Buzz Stralsund on April 8, 1665?]. jasoncolavito.com. 29 June 2015.</ref>
==See also==
* [[1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg]]
* [[1566 celestial phenomenon over Basel]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{UFOs}}
[[Category:1665 in Europe]]
[[Category:Stralsund]]
[[Category:UFO sightings in Germany|Stralsund]]
| 1,256,375,609 |
[]
| false |
# 1935 Calgary Bronks season
The 1935 Calgary Bronks season was the first in franchise history where the team finished in first place in the Alberta Rugby Football Union with a 2–0 division record. The Bronks played in the Western Title game, but lost to the eventual Grey Cup champion, the Winnipegs.
## Exhibition games
| Date | Opponent | Results | Results | Venue | Attendance |
| Date | Opponent | Score | Record | Venue | Attendance |
| ------- | --------------------------- | ------- | ------- | ----- | ---------- |
| Sept 4 | vs. Sarnia Imperials (ORFU) | L 0–39 | 0–1 | | |
| Sept 11 | vs. Sarnia Imperials (ORFU) | L 2–17 | 0–2 | | |
| Sept 21 | vs. Regina Roughriders | L 1–7 | 0–3 | | |
| Oct 5 | at Regina Roughriders | L 0–23 | 0–4 | | |
| Oct 24 | vs. Edmonton Hi-Grads | W 31–3 | 1–4 | | |
## Regular season
### Standings
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| --------------------- | -- | - | - | - | -- | -- | --- |
| Calgary Bronks | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 66 | 10 | 4 |
| University of Alberta | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 66 | 0 |
### Schedule
| Date | Opponent | Results | Results | Venue | Attendance |
| Date | Opponent | Score | Record | Venue | Attendance |
| ------ | ------------------------- | ------- | ------- | ----- | ---------- |
| Oct 9 | vs. University of Alberta | W 26–0 | 1–0 | | |
| Oct 19 | at University of Alberta | W 40–10 | 2–0 | | |
## Playoffs
| Western Semi-Final | Nov 2 | vs. Vancouver Meralomas | W 14–0 | 1–0 |
| Western Title Game | Nov 9 | at Winnipeg Winnipegs | L 0–7 | 1–1 |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Calgary_Bronks_season
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{{Infobox NFL season
| logo =
| team = Calgary Bronks
| year = 1935
| record = '''2–0'''
| division_place = '''1st, [[Alberta Rugby Football Union|ARFU]]'''
| coach = [[Carl Cronin]]
| stadium = [[Mewata Stadium]]
| playoffs = '''Lost Western Title Game'''
| uniform =
| previous = ''none''
| no_prevseason = true
| shortnavlink = Bronks seasons
}}
The '''[[1935 in Canadian football|1935]] [[Calgary Bronks]] season''' was the first in franchise history where the team finished in first place in the [[Alberta Rugby Football Union]] with a 2–0 division record. The Bronks played in the Western Title game, but lost to the eventual [[Grey Cup]] champion, the [[Winnipeg Blue Bombers|Winnipegs]].
==Exhibition games==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" rowspan=2 | Date
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" rowspan=2 | Opponent
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" colspan=2 | Results
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" rowspan=2 | Venue
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" rowspan=2 | Attendance
|-
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" | Score
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" | Record
|-style="background:#ffbbbb"
| Sept 4
| vs. [[Sarnia Imperials]] (ORFU)
| L 0–39
| 0–1
|
|
|-style="background:#ffbbbb"
| Sept 11
| vs. Sarnia Imperials (ORFU)
| L 2–17
| 0–2
|
|
|-style="background:#ffbbbb"
| Sept 21
| vs. [[1935 Regina Roughriders season|Regina Roughriders]]
| L 1–7<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MPVlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=CokNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4968%2C2379535 The Vancouver Sun – Sep 23, 1935</ref>
| 0–3
|
|
|-style="background:#ffbbbb"
| Oct 5
| at Regina Roughriders
| L 0–23<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PPVlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=CokNAAAAIBAJ&pg=5182%2C4024180 The Vancouver Sun – Oct 7, 1935</ref>
| 0–4
|
|
|-style="background:#ddffdd"
| Oct 24
| vs. Edmonton Hi-Grads
| W 31–3
| 1–4
|
|
|}
==Regular season==
===Standings===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''[[Alberta Rugby Football Union]]'''
! Team !! GP !! W !! L !! T !! PF !! PA !! Pts
|- align="center"
| align="left" | '''[[Calgary Bronks]]''' || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 66 || 10 || 4
|- align="center"
| align="left" | [[Alberta Golden Bears|University of Alberta]] || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 10 || 66 || 0
|}
===Schedule===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" rowspan=2 | Date
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" rowspan=2 | Opponent
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" colspan=2 | Results
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" rowspan=2 | Venue
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" rowspan=2 | Attendance
|-
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" | Score
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" | Record
|-style="background:#ddffdd"
| Oct 9
| vs. [[Alberta Golden Bears football|University of Alberta]]
| W 26–0
| 1–0
|
|
|-style="background:#ddffdd"
| Oct 19
| at University of Alberta
| W 40–10<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kR1kAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NXsNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1663%2C5815029 The Calgary Daily Herald – Oct 21, 1935</ref>
| 2–0
|
|
|}
==Playoffs==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" rowspan=2 | Round
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" rowspan=2 | Date
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" rowspan=2 | Opponent
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" colspan=2 | Results
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" rowspan=2 | Venue
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" rowspan=2 | Attendance
|-
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" | Score
! style="{{Gridiron primary style|Calgary Bronks|border=2}};" | Record
|-style="background:#ddffdd"
! Western Semi-Final
| Nov 2
| vs. Vancouver Meralomas
| W 14–0<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=J4pTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RDgNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2502%2C417200 The Leader-Post – Nov 4, 1935</ref>
| 1–0
|-style="background:#ffbbbb"
! Western Title Game
| Nov 9
| at [[1935 Winnipeg Winnipegs season|Winnipeg Winnipegs]]
| L 0–7<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LYpTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RDgNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1322%2C1261575 The Leader-Post – Nov 12, 1935</ref>
| 1–1
|}
==See also==
[[List of Calgary Bronks (football) seasons]]
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Calgary Bronks seasons}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1935 Calgary Bronks Season}}
[[Category:1935 in Alberta]]
[[Category:1935 in Canadian sports]]
| 1,274,844,173 |
[{"title": "1935 Calgary Bronks season", "data": {"Head coach": "Carl Cronin", "Home stadium": "Mewata Stadium"}}, {"title": "Results", "data": {"Record": "2\u20130", "Division place": "1st, ARFU", "Playoffs": "Lost Western Title Game"}}]
| false |
# 1922 Romanian general election
General elections were held in Romania between 1 and 3 March 1922. In the first stage between 1 and 3 March, seats in the Senate were elected. In the second stage between 5 and 7 March the Chamber of Deputies was elected, and in the third and final stage from 9 to 11 March, additional Senate seats were elected. The result was a victory for the governing National Liberal Party, which won 222 of the 372 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 111 of the 148 seats in the Senate. Both houses were combined to form a Constitutional Assembly, which approved the 1923 constitution.
## Campaign
In 34 of the 121 constituencies in Transylvania, candidates ran unopposed and were proclaimed elected without an actual poll, mostly because the National Liberal government refused to register opposition candidates. Overall, the campaign was dominated by the government through what some opposition representative deemed "terror". The National Liberals freely used the administration and the Army in order to promote its candidates and intimidate the opposition, rejected the registration of many opposition candidates while pressuring others into withdrawing, destroyed opposition publications, forbade or brutally dissolved opposition rallies, arrested candidates and worked to split the vote among the competing opposition parties.
Government pressure continued during election day. According to Constantin Stere, army officers in Bessarabia campaigned for the government inside the polling stations and entered voting booths to ensure a vote for the government. According to Nicolae Iorga, government agents beat up opposition supporters in Fălticeni, Dorohoi and Odobești, prevented whole villages from voting in the Putna County, while in Argeș County the soldiers voted instead of the public. In several places across the country, opposition candidates were prevented from voting. Opposition leaders condemned the abuses of the government, with Romanian National Party leader Iuliu Maniu declaring the elections "a European scandal" and initially refusing to take part in the works of the newly elected Parliament.
## Results
### Chamber of Deputies
| Party | Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| ------------------------- | ------------------------------- | --------- | ----- | ----- | ---- |
| | National Liberal Party | | | 222 | +206 |
| | Peasants' Party | | | 40 | +15 |
| | Romanian National Party | | | 26 | –1 |
| | Bessarabian Peasants' Party | | | 22 | –1 |
| | Democratic Union Party | | | 15 | +14 |
| | People's Party | | | 13 | –193 |
| | Democratic Nationalist Party | | | 5 | – |
| | Hungarian Union | | | 3 | New |
| | Conservative-Democratic Party | | | 3 | –14 |
| | Federation of Socialist Parties | | | 1 | New |
| | Other parties | | | 22 | – |
| Total | Total | | | 372 | +6 |
| | | | | | |
| Total votes | Total votes | 2,210,370 | – | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | Registered voters/turnout | 2,908,015 | 76.01 | | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | | | | | |
### Senate
| Party | Party | Seats | +/– |
| ----------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----- | ---- |
| | National Liberal Party | 111 | +110 |
| | Bessarabian Peasants' Party | 13 | +7 |
| | Peasants' Party | 11 | +1 |
| | Romanian National Party | 9 | –5 |
| | People's Party | 2 | –122 |
| | Democratic Nationalist Party | 2 | – |
| Total | Total | 148 | –18 |
| | | | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | | | |
### Citations
1. ↑ Nohlen & Stöver (2010), p. 1591.
2. ↑ Nohlen & Stöver (2010), p. 1599.
3. ↑ Nohlen & Stöver (2010), p. 1592.
4. ↑ Radu, Sorin (2000). "Electoratul din Transilvania în primii ani după marea unire". Apulum (in Romanian). 37 (2): 229–245. ISSN 1013-428X.
5. 1 2 Stan, Constantin I. (1997). "Puterea și opoziția în alegerile parlamentare din martie 1922". Apulum (in Romanian). 34: 581–597. ISSN 1013-428X. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
### Bibliography
- Nohlen, Dieter; Stöver, Philip (2010). Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook. ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7.
|
enwiki/34740859
|
enwiki
| 34,740,859 |
1922 Romanian general election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1922_Romanian_general_election
|
2025-01-27T21:46:31Z
|
en
|
Q7362604
| 90,559 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
| country = Kingdom of Romania
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1920 Romanian general election
| previous_year = 1920
| previous_mps =
| next_election = 1926 Romanian general election
| next_year = 1926
| next_mps =
| seats_for_election = All 372 seats in the [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Chamber of Deputies]]<br />All 148 seats in the [[Senate of Romania|Senate]]
| election_date = 1–3 March 1922
| image1 = Ion I C Bratianu - Foto01.jpg
| leader1 = [[Ion I. C. Brătianu]]
| leaders_seat1 = [[Gorj County]]
| party1 = National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)
| seats1 = '''222 [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|C]] / 111 [[Senate of Romania|S]]'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 206 [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|C]] / {{increase}} 110 [[Senate of Romania|S]]
| image2 = CStere.jpeg
| leader2 = [[Constantin Stere]]
| leaders_seat2 = [[Soroca County (Romania)|Soroca County]]
| party2 = Peasants' Party (Romania)
| seats2 = 40 [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|C]] / 11 [[Senate of Romania|S]]
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 15 [[Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|C]] / {{increase}} 1 [[Senate of Romania|S]]
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = [[List of Prime Ministers of Romania|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Subsequent [[List of Prime Ministers of Romania|Prime Minister]]
| before_election = [[Ion I. C. Brătianu]]
| after_election = [[Ion I. C. Brătianu]]
| before_party = National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)
| after_party = National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)
}}
General elections were held in Romania between 1 and 3 March 1922. In the first stage between 1 and 3 March, seats in the Senate were elected. In the second stage between 5 and 7 March the Chamber of Deputies was elected, and in the third and final stage from 9 to 11 March, additional Senate seats were elected.{{Sfnp|Nohlen & Stöver|2010|p=1591}} The result was a victory for the governing [[National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)|National Liberal Party]], which won 222 of the 372 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 111 of the 148 seats in the Senate.{{Sfnp|Nohlen & Stöver|2010|p=1599}} Both houses were combined to form a Constitutional Assembly,{{Sfnp|Nohlen & Stöver|2010|p=1592}} which approved the [[1923 Constitution of Romania|1923 constitution]].
==Campaign==
In 34 of the 121 constituencies in [[Transylvania]], candidates ran unopposed and were proclaimed elected without an actual poll,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Radu |first1=Sorin |title=Electoratul din Transilvania în primii ani după marea unire |journal=Apulum |date=2000 |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=229–245 |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=255437 |language=Romanian |issn=1013-428X}}</ref> mostly because the [[National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)|National Liberal]] government refused to register opposition candidates. Overall, the campaign was dominated by the government through what some opposition representative deemed "terror". The National Liberals freely used the administration and the [[Romanian Armed Forces|Army]] in order to promote its candidates and intimidate the opposition, rejected the registration of many opposition candidates while pressuring others into withdrawing, destroyed opposition publications, forbade or brutally dissolved opposition rallies, arrested candidates and worked to split the vote among the competing opposition parties.<ref name="constantin">{{cite journal |last1=Stan |first1=Constantin I. |title=Puterea și opoziția în alegerile parlamentare din martie 1922 |journal=Apulum |date=1997 |volume=34 |issue= |pages=581–597 |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=254464 |access-date=20 January 2021 |language=ro |issn=1013-428X}}</ref>
Government pressure continued during election day. According to [[Constantin Stere]], army officers in [[Bessarabia]] campaigned for the government inside the polling stations and entered voting booths to ensure a vote for the government. According to [[Nicolae Iorga]], government agents beat up opposition supporters in [[Fălticeni]], [[Dorohoi]] and [[Odobești]], prevented whole villages from voting in the [[Putna County]], while in [[Argeș County#Historical county|Argeș County]] the soldiers voted instead of the public. In several places across the country, opposition candidates were prevented from voting. Opposition leaders condemned the abuses of the government, with [[Romanian National Party]] leader [[Iuliu Maniu]] declaring the elections "a European scandal" and initially refusing to take part in the works of the newly elected Parliament.<ref name="constantin"/>
==Results==
===Chamber of Deputies===
{{Election results
|party1=[[National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)|National Liberal Party]]|votes1=|seats1=222|sc1=+206
|party2=[[Peasants' Party (Romania)|Peasants' Party]]|votes2=|seats2=40|sc2=+15
|party3=[[Romanian National Party]]|votes3=|seats3=26|sc3=–1
|party4=[[Bessarabian Peasants' Party]]|votes4=|seats4=22|sc4=–1
|party5=[[Democratic Union Party (Romania)|Democratic Union Party]]|votes5=|seats5=15|sc5=+14
|party6=[[People's Party (interwar Romania)|People's Party]]|votes6=|seats6=13|sc6=–193
|party7=[[Democratic Nationalist Party (Romania)|Democratic Nationalist Party]]|votes7=|seats7=5|sc7=–
|party8=[[Hungarian Union (Romania)|Hungarian Union]]|votes8=|seats8=3|sc8=New|color8=#15803C
|party9=[[Conservative-Democratic Party]]|votes9=|seats9=3|sc9=–14
|party10=[[Federation of Socialist Parties from Romania|Federation of Socialist Parties]]|votes10=|seats10=1|sc10=New|color10=pink
|party11=Other parties|votes11=|seats11=22|sc11=–
|total_sc=+6
|totalvotes=2210370
|electorate=2908015
|source=Nohlen & Stöver
}}
===Senate===
{{Election results
|party1=[[National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)|National Liberal Party]]|votes1=|seats1=111|sc1=+110
|party2=[[Bessarabian Peasants' Party]]|votes2=|seats2=13|sc2=+7
|party3=[[Peasants' Party (Romania)|Peasants' Party]]|votes3=|seats3=11|sc3=+1
|party4=[[Romanian National Party]]|votes4=|seats4=9|sc4=–5
|party5=[[People's Party (interwar Romania)|People's Party]]|votes5=|seats5=2|sc5=–122
|party6=[[Democratic Nationalist Party (Romania)|Democratic Nationalist Party]]|votes6=|seats6=2|sc6=–
|total_sc=–18
|source=Nohlen & Stöver
}}
==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}
===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Nohlen |first1=Dieter |authorlink1=Dieter Nohlen |last2=Stöver |first2=Philip |title=Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook |ref={{harvid|Nohlen & Stöver|2010}} |year=2010 |ISBN=978-3-8329-5609-7}}
{{Refend}}
{{Romanian elections}}
[[Category:Parliamentary elections in Romania]]
[[Category:March 1922 in Europe|Romania]]
[[Category:Electoral fraud in Romania]]
[[Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results]]
[[Category:1922 elections in Romania]]
| 1,272,268,727 |
[{"title": "1922 Romanian general election", "data": {"\u2190 1920": "1\u20133 March 1922 \u00b7 1926 \u2192"}}, {"title": "All 372 seats in the Chamber of Deputies \u00b7 All 148 seats in the Senate", "data": {"Leader": "Ion I. C. Br\u0103tianu \u00b7 Constantin Stere", "Party": "PNL \u00b7 P\u021a", "Leader's seat": "Gorj County \u00b7 Soroca County", "Seats won": "222 C / 111 S \u00b7 40 C / 11 S", "Seat change": "206 C / 110 S \u00b7 15 C / 1 S", "Prime Minister before election \u00b7 Ion I. C. Br\u0103tianu \u00b7 PNL": "Subsequent Prime Minister \u00b7 Ion I. C. Br\u0103tianu \u00b7 PNL"}}]
| false |
# 1152 in Ireland
Events from the year 1152 in Ireland.
## Incumbents
- High King: Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair
## Events
- Synod of Kells-Mellifont results in a national church organisation with four metropolitans (archbishoprics) and 36 sees, under the primacy of Armagh.[1][2]
- The Archdiocese of Dublin, (Irish: Ard-Deoise Bhaile Átha Cliath), recognised as a metropolitan province in by the Synod of Kells.
- Diarmaid mac Murchadha elopes with Devorgill.[3]
- Cloyne was recognised as a diocese at the Synod of Kells
|
enwiki/10308615
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enwiki
| 10,308,615 |
1152 in Ireland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1152_in_Ireland
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2024-11-06T07:13:29Z
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en
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Q4547493
| 137,552 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Irish English|date=April 2013}}
{{YearInIrelandNav | 1152 }}
Events from the year '''1152 in Ireland'''.
==Incumbents==
*[[High King of Ireland|High King]]: [[Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair]]
==Events==
*[[Synod of Kells-Mellifont]] results in a national church organisation with four [[Metropolitan bishop|metropolitans]] (archbishoprics) and 36 sees, under the primacy of [[Armagh]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00work|url-access=registration|last=Foster|first=R. F.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-19-822970-4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1=Moody, T. W. |editor2=Martin, F. X. |year=1967|title=The Course of Irish History|publisher=Mercier Press|location=Cork|page=120}}</ref>
*The [[Archdiocese of Dublin]], ({{langx|ga|Ard-Deoise Bhaile Átha Cliath}}), recognised as a metropolitan province in by the [[Synod of Kells]].
*[[Diarmaid mac Murchadha]] elopes with [[Devorgill]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Illustrated Dictionary of Irish History|editor=Mac Annaidh, Séamas|publisher=Gill and Macmillan|location=Dublin|year=2001|isbn=0717135365}}</ref>
*[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Cloyne|Cloyne]] was recognised as a diocese at the [[Synod of Kells]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Years in Ireland}}
{{Year in Europe|1152}}
| 1,255,708,539 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1151 - 1150 - 1149 - 1148 - 1147": "1152 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Ireland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1153 - 1154 - 1155 - 1156 - 1157", "Centuries": "11th 12th 13th 14th", "Decades": "1130s 1140s 1150s 1160s 1170s", "See also": "Other events of 1152 \u00b7 List of years in Ireland"}}]
| false |
# 17-Mile Drive
17-Mile Drive is a scenic road through Pebble Beach and Pacific Grove on the Monterey Peninsula in California, much of which hugs the Pacific coastline and passes famous golf courses, mansions and scenic attractions, including the Lone Cypress, Bird Rock and the 5,300-acre (2,100 ha) Del Monte Forest of Monterey Cypress trees.
The drive serves as the main road through the gated community of Pebble Beach. Inside this community, nonresidents have to pay a toll to use the road. Like the community, the majority of 17-Mile Drive is owned and operated by the Pebble Beach Corporation. The 17-Mile Drive is a 17-mile (27 km)-long scenic loop having five primary entrances - the main highway entrance at California State Route 1, and entrances in Carmel and Pacific Grove.
## History
In 1602 the Monterey Peninsula was mapped by Spanish explorers. By 1840 the area now called Pebble Beach was a rancho left to widow Carmen Garcia Barreto Maderiaga Maria by her husband. She sold the 4,000-acre (1,600 ha) property for $500 in 1846. Ownership passed several times until 1862 when the property was purchased at auction for 12 cents for 1-acre (0.40 ha) by David Jacks. At the time, the area was called "Stillwater Cove". Jacks leased the land to the "China Man Hop Company", a small village with a population of about 30 Chinese fishermen living in shacks built upon the rocky shoreline.
In 1880, Jacks sold the land to the Pacific Improvement Company (PIC), a consortium of The Big Four railroad barons: Charles Crocker, Mark Hopkins, Collis Huntington and Leland Stanford. By 1892, the PIC laid out a scenic road that they called the 17-Mile Drive, meandering along the beaches and among the forested areas between Monterey and Carmel. Within short order, the area became a tourist destination with the building of the Hotel Del Monte.
The hotel was the starting and finishing point for 17-Mile Drive, (originally called the 18-mile Drive by hotel operators). The drive was offered as a pleasure excursion to hotel guests, and was intended to attract wealthy buyers of large and scenic residential plots on PIC land. Sightseers riding horses or carriages along the 17-Mile Drive sometimes stopped at Pebble Beach to pick up agate and other stones polished smooth by the waves, and they commented on a few unusual tree formations known as the Witch Tree and the Ostrich Tree—the latter formed by two trees leaning on each other. At that time, the Chinese fishing community continued in existence despite mounting anti-Chinese sentiment among Monterey residents of European heritage. At roadside stands, Chinese-American girls sold shells and polished pebbles to tourists. In the 1900s, the automobile began replacing horses on 17-Mile Drive, and by 1907 there were only automobiles. The drive featured region's historical sites, forests, and on to the coastal scenic attractions in the Hotel Del Monte Park Reservation, as it was known at the time.
Drawn by six bay horses, President Benjamin Harrison took the coach ride through the reservation in 1891. The coach was adorned with the national colors "and the harness on the horses was lined with bunting and roses as far as possible." In the newspaper The Monterey Cypress, President Harrison noted "This is a lovely spot. I only wish I could stay here a week."
In 1887, the hotel was destroyed by fire and replaced with a new structure. The Del Monte Golf Course was added in 1897 as part of the hotel and is today the oldest operating course west of the Mississippi. In 1919, the Los Angeles Times called the 17-Mile Drive one of the "great wonders of the world."
On February 27, 1919, Samuel Finley Brown Morse formed the Del Monte Properties Company, and acquired the extensive holdings of the Pacific Improvement Company, which included the Del Monte Forest and the Hotel Del Monte. Another fire destroyed that structure and was replaced by a third hotel. This new hotel was finished in 1926 and requisitioned by the United States government as a training facility in 1942. After World War II, the Hotel del Monte building and surrounding grounds were acquired by the United States Navy for its Naval Postgraduate School and the building was renamed Herrmann Hall. The Del Monte Forest, including the famed 17-Mile Drive, remained under the ownership of Del Monte Properties Company.
On March 30, 1977, the Del Monte Properties Company was reincorporated as the Pebble Beach Corporation. In May 1979, 20th Century Fox, later bought by Marvin Davis, purchased the Pebble Beach Corporation. When the film company was sold to Rupert Murdoch in 1985, Davis kept several company assets not directly related to the film and TV industry, including the Pebble Beach Company. In 1990 Davis sold the company to Japanese businessman Minoru Isutani, who made it a subsidiary of the Japanese resort company Taiheiyo Club Inc. under a holding company called the Lone Cypress Company. In 1999 the Pebble Beach Company was acquired from Cypress by an investor group led by Clint Eastwood, Arnold Palmer, and Peter Ueberroth.
## Route description
At the north end, a portion of the early route through Pacific Grove begins at the intersection of Del Monte Blvd and Esplanade Street. The famous portion of 17-Mile Drive then begins a few miles south of this point. The crossing of Highway 68 (Holman Highway/Sunset Drive) and 17-Mile Drive marks the entrance to Pebble Beach.
From the Sunset Drive/Pacific Grove gate, the drive runs inland past Spanish Bay, then adjacent to beaches and up into the coastal hills, providing scenic viewpoints. The route allows for self-directed travel and stopping, with frequent turnouts along the roadway in many locations along the route. Without stops, it takes a minimum of 20 minutes to reach Carmel. The numerous turnouts allow stopping to take pictures, or getting out to stroll along the ocean or among the trees. Visitors receive a map that points out some of the more scenic spots. In addition, a red-dashed line is marked in the center of the main road to guide visitors, and help prevent them from venturing into the adjacent neighborhood streets.
## Scenic attractions
Primary scenic attractions include Cypress Point, Bird Rock, Point Joe, Pescadero Point, Fanshell Beach & Seal Point. The famous "Witch Tree" landmark, often used as scenic background in movies and television, was formerly at Pescadero Point. The tree was blown down by a storm on January 14, 1964. Pescadero Point is also the site of the Ghost Tree, a landmark Monterey Cypress tree. The tree gives its name to a dangerous extreme surfing location known to have storm waves. Currently, the surf break of Ghost Tree is off limits to surfers and watercraft.
Chief among the scenic attractions is the Lone Cypress, a salt-pruned Monterey cypress (macrocarpa) tree which is the official symbol of Pebble Beach and a frequent fixture of television broadcasts from this area. In 1990 the Monterey Journal reported that Pebble Beach's lawyer, Kerry C. Smith, said "The image of the tree has been trademarked by us," and that it intended to control any display of the cypress for commercial purposes. The company had warned photographers that "they cannot even use existing pictures of the tree for commercial purposes".
- Beach near the Pacific Grove entrance of the 17 Mile Drive
- Beach access near golf links at Pebble Beach
- Bird Rock
- Seal seen along 17-mile drive
|
enwiki/487181
|
enwiki
| 487,181 |
17-Mile Drive
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17-Mile_Drive
|
2025-03-04T23:38:13Z
|
en
|
Q197257
| 132,714 |
{{Short description|Scenic road}}
{{Use American English|date=March 2025}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{COI|date=November 2023}}
{{Cleanup-PR|1=article|date=December 2023}}
}}
{{Infobox street
|image=17-mile drive 1.jpg
|caption= 17 Mile Drive near Spanish Bay Road
|name=17-Mile Drive
|type = [[Scenic route|Scenic]] [[toll road]]
|maint=[[Pebble Beach, California|Pebble Beach Company]]
|length = {{cvt|17|mi|km}}
|terminus_a=Del Monte Blvd in [[Pacific Grove, California|Pacific Grove]]
|junction={{jct|state=CA|SR|68|road|Sunset Dr}}<br>Carmel Way
|terminus_b={{jct|state=CA|SR|68|SR|1}}
|completion_date = 1880
|website = {{url|https://www.pebblebeach.com/17-mile-drive/|Scenic 17-Mile Drive}}
}}
'''17-Mile Drive''' is a scenic road through [[Pebble Beach, California|Pebble Beach]] and [[Pacific Grove, California|Pacific Grove]] on the [[Monterey Peninsula]] in [[California]], much of which hugs the Pacific coastline and passes famous [[golf course]]s, [[mansion]]s and scenic attractions, including the [[Lone Cypress]], Bird Rock and the {{convert|5300|acre|ha|adj=on}} Del Monte Forest of Monterey Cypress trees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gocalifornia.about.com/od/camontereycarmel/ss/17-mile-drive_10.htm|title=How to Make the Most Out of Carmel's 17-Mile Drive|publisher=|access-date=2013-07-16|archive-date=2013-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514202327/http://gocalifornia.about.com/od/camontereycarmel/ss/17-mile-drive_10.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The drive serves as the main road through the [[gated community]] of Pebble Beach. Inside this community, nonresidents have to pay a toll to use the road.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/tollpage/t1part4.cfm |title=Non-Interstate System Toll Roads in the United States |publisher=[[Federal Highway Administration]] |date=2009-01-01 |access-date=2011-04-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309013453/http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/tollpage/t1part4.htm |archive-date=March 9, 2011 }}</ref> Like the community, the majority of 17-Mile Drive is owned and operated by the Pebble Beach Corporation. The 17-Mile Drive is a {{convert|17|mi|km|adj=on}}-long scenic loop having five primary entrances - the main highway entrance at [[California State Route 1]], and entrances in [[Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|Carmel]] and [[Pacific Grove, California|Pacific Grove]].
==History==
[[File:Hotel Del Monte, Cal, by Watkins, Carleton E., 1829-1916.jpg|thumbnail|left|Original Hotel Del Monte, ca. 1885]]
In 1602 the Monterey Peninsula was mapped by Spanish explorers. By 1840 the area now called [[Pebble Beach]] was a rancho left to widow Carmen Garcia Barreto Maderiaga Maria by her husband. She sold the {{convert|4000|acre|ha|adj=on}} property for $500 in 1846. Ownership passed several times until 1862 when the property was purchased at auction for 12 cents for {{convert|1|acre|ha|adj=on}} by [[David Jacks (businessman)|David Jacks]]. At the time, the area was called "Stillwater Cove". Jacks leased the land to the "China Man Hop Company", a small village with a population of about 30 Chinese fishermen living in shacks built upon the rocky shoreline.<ref name="Insider's">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PETIxLAjsmIC&dq=history+of+Pebble+Beach&pg=PA33 | title=Insiders' Guide to the Monterey Peninsula | publisher=Insiders' Guide | edition=4th | author=Owens, Tom | author2=Bellon Chatfield, Melanie | year=2004 | pages=31| isbn=9780762729708 }}</ref>
In 1880, Jacks sold the land to the [[Pacific Improvement Company]] (PIC), a consortium of [[Big Four (Central Pacific Railroad)|The Big Four]] railroad barons: [[Charles Crocker]], [[Mark Hopkins Jr.|Mark Hopkins]], [[Collis Huntington]] and [[Leland Stanford]].<ref>Michael Norman, 2008, ''Haunted Homeland: A Definitive Collection of North American Ghost Stories'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=xWi5KAGHEc0C&pg=PA40 p. 40], Tor Books, {{ISBN|978-0-7653-2159-6}}</ref><ref name=Jack>{{cite web |url=http://www.mchsmuseum.com/jacks2.html |title=Land King: The Story of David Jack |last=Jack |first=Kenneth C. |year=2001 |publisher=Monterey County Historical Society |accessdate=July 10, 2011}}</ref> By 1892, the PIC laid out a scenic road that they called the 17-Mile Drive, meandering along the beaches and among the forested areas between Monterey and Carmel.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CztEAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA65 |page=65 |title=To San Francisco |journal=[[American Machinist]] |volume=15 |date=June 2, 1892 |accessdate=July 10, 2011}}</ref> Within short order, the area became a tourist destination with the building of the [[Hotel Del Monte]].
The hotel was the starting and finishing point for 17-Mile Drive, (originally called the 18-mile Drive by hotel operators). The drive was offered as a pleasure excursion to hotel guests, and was intended to attract wealthy buyers of large and scenic residential plots on PIC land. Sightseers riding horses or carriages along the 17-Mile Drive sometimes stopped at Pebble Beach to pick up agate and other stones polished smooth by the waves, and they commented on a few unusual tree formations known as the Witch Tree and the Ostrich Tree—the latter formed by two trees leaning on each other. At that time, the Chinese fishing community continued in existence despite mounting anti-Chinese sentiment among Monterey residents of European heritage.<ref name=Chinese>{{cite web |url=http://www.mchsmuseum.com/chinesefishing.html |title=Chinese Start Monterey Fishing Industry|last=Kemp |first=Jonathan |year=2010 |publisher=Monterey County Historical Society |accessdate=July 10, 2011}}</ref> At roadside stands, Chinese-American girls sold shells and polished pebbles to tourists. In the 1900s, the automobile began replacing horses on 17-Mile Drive, and by 1907 there were only automobiles.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHzsuDuVPZ4C&pg=PA87|title=Monterey's Hotel Del Monte |last=Cain |first=Julie |publisher=Arcadia |year=2005 |series=Images of America|isbn=0-7385-3032-8}}</ref> The drive featured region's historical sites, forests, and on to the coastal scenic attractions in the Hotel Del Monte Park Reservation, as it was known at the time.<ref>http://lgdata.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/docs/1314/611051/HDM_1889_Souvenir_Booklet.pdf Page 28</ref>
[[File:NPS herrmann hall lrg.jpg|thumb|150px|The Hotel Del Monte rebuilt in 1926, now Herrmann Hall]]
Drawn by six bay horses, President Benjamin Harrison took the coach ride through the reservation in 1891. The coach was adorned with the national colors "and the harness on the horses was lined with bunting and roses as far as possible." In the newspaper ''The Monterey Cypress'', President Harrison noted "This is a lovely spot. I only wish I could stay here a week."<ref name="libguides.nps.edu">{{Cite web |url=http://libguides.nps.edu/content.php?pid=359320&sid=2940630 |title=Del Monte's 17-Mile Drive - Historic Hotel del Monte - LibGuides Homepage at Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), Dudley Knox Library (DKL) |access-date=2013-07-16 |archive-date=2013-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917231107/http://libguides.nps.edu/content.php?pid=359320&sid=2940630 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In 1887, the hotel was destroyed by fire and replaced with a new structure. The Del Monte Golf Course was added in 1897 as part of the hotel and is today the oldest operating course west of the Mississippi.<ref name="Cain">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHzsuDuVPZ4C&q=17+Mile+Drive+history| title=Monterey's Hotel Del Monte | publisher=7 | author=Cain, Julie| year=2005 | isbn=9780738530321 }}</ref> In 1919, the [[Los Angeles Times]] called the 17-Mile Drive one of the "great wonders of the world."<ref name="libguides.nps.edu"/>
On February 27, 1919, [[Samuel Finley Brown Morse]] formed the Del Monte Properties Company, and acquired the extensive holdings of the Pacific Improvement Company, which included the [[Del Monte Forest]] and the Hotel Del Monte.<ref name=PBCHistory>[http://www.pebblebeach.com/page.asp?id=1378 ''Pebble Beach Company History''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723090003/http://www.pebblebeach.com/page.asp?id=1378 |date=July 23, 2010 }}</ref><ref name=NPS>{{cite web|title=History of NPS and the Infamous Hotel Del Monte|url=http://www.nps.edu/About/NPSHistory/History.html|publisher=Naval Postgraduate School|accessdate=22 June 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701053235/http://www.nps.edu/About/NPSHistory/History.html|archivedate=1 July 2013}}</ref> Another fire destroyed that structure and was replaced by a third hotel. This new hotel was finished in 1926 and requisitioned by the [[United States]] government as a training facility in 1942.<ref name="Cain" /> After World War II, the Hotel del Monte building and surrounding grounds were acquired by the [[United States Navy]] for its [[Naval Postgraduate School]] and the building was renamed Herrmann Hall. The Del Monte Forest, including the famed 17-Mile Drive, remained under the ownership of Del Monte Properties Company.
On March 30, 1977, the Del Monte Properties Company was reincorporated as the Pebble Beach Corporation.<ref name=PBCHistory/> In May 1979, [[20th Century Fox]], later bought by [[Marvin Davis]], purchased the Pebble Beach Corporation.<ref name=PBCHistory/> When the film company was sold to [[Rupert Murdoch]] in 1985, Davis kept several company assets not directly related to the film and TV industry, including the Pebble Beach Company. In 1990 Davis sold the company to Japanese businessman Minoru Isutani,<ref name=PBCHistory/> who made it a subsidiary of the Japanese resort company Taiheiyo Club Inc. under a [[holding company]] called the Lone Cypress Company. In 1999 the Pebble Beach Company was acquired from Cypress by an investor group led by [[Clint Eastwood]], [[Arnold Palmer]], and [[Peter Ueberroth]].
==Route description==
[[File:17 mile drive at Pacific Grove entrance.JPG|thumb|200px|left|Pacific Grove entrance]]
{{maplink|text=17-Mile Drive entrance gates|frame=yes|frame-width=400|frame-height=300|frame-coordinates={{Coord|36.58950|-121.93364}}|zoom=12
|type=point|marker=lift-gate|marker-color=F6A11E|coord={{Coord|36.61314|-121.93245}}|description=Pacific Grove Gate
|type2=point|marker2=lift-gate|marker-color2=F90DF9|coord2={{Coord|36.60685|-121.93085}}|description2=Country Club Gate
|type3=point|marker3=lift-gate|marker-color3=0064FF|coord3={{Coord|36.59819|-121.92614}}|description3=Samuel F.B. Morse Gate
|type4=point|marker4=lift-gate|marker-color4=FF0000|coord4={{Coord|36.57487|-121.91349}}|description4=Highway 1 Gate
|type5=point|marker5=lift-gate|marker-color5=000000|coord5={{Coord|36.55879|-121.92898}}|description5=Carmel Gate
}}
At the north end, a portion of the early route through Pacific Grove begins at the intersection of Del Monte Blvd and Esplanade Street. The famous portion of 17-Mile Drive then begins a few miles south of this point{{Where|date=January 2023}}. The crossing of [[California State Route 68|Highway 68 (Holman Highway/Sunset Drive)]] and 17-Mile Drive marks the entrance to Pebble Beach.
From the Sunset Drive/Pacific Grove gate, the drive runs inland past Spanish Bay, then adjacent to beaches and up into the coastal hills, providing scenic viewpoints. The route allows for self-directed travel and stopping, with frequent turnouts along the roadway in many locations along the route. Without stops, it takes a minimum of 20 minutes to reach [[Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|Carmel]]. The numerous turnouts allow stopping to take pictures, or getting out to stroll along the ocean or among the trees. Visitors receive a map that points out some of the more scenic spots. In addition, a red-dashed line is marked in the center of the main road to guide visitors, and help prevent them from venturing into the adjacent neighborhood streets.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pebblebeach.com/activities/explore-the-monterey-peninsula/17-mile-drive | title=17-Mile Drive at Pebble Beach | publisher=Pebble Beach Resorts | accessdate=2011-04-05}}</ref>
==Scenic attractions==
[[File:Lone Cypress.jpg|thumb|130px|left|The [[Lone Cypress]] ]]
Primary scenic attractions include [[Cypress Point]], Bird Rock, Point Joe, Pescadero Point, Fanshell Beach & Seal Point. The famous "Witch Tree" landmark, often used as scenic background in movies and television, was formerly at Pescadero Point. The tree was blown down by a storm on January 14, 1964. Pescadero Point is also the site of the [[Ghost Trees|Ghost Tree]], a landmark Monterey Cypress tree. The tree gives its name to a dangerous extreme surfing location known to have storm waves.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HwcUL8HXSMgC&pg=PT82|title=Extreme Waves |last=Smith |first=Craig B. |publisher=Dockside Consultants |year=2006 |edition=2nd}}</ref> Currently, the surf break of Ghost Tree is off limits to surfers and watercraft.<ref>{{cite news|last=Yount|first=Maggie|title=PWCs Officially Extinguished At Ghost|url=http://www.surfermag.com/features/pwcs_officially_extinguished_at_ghost_tree/|accessdate=September 16, 2012|newspaper=Surfer Magazine|date=July 22, 2010}}</ref>
Chief among the scenic attractions is the [[Lone Cypress]], a [[salt pruning|salt-pruned]] [[Cupressus macrocarpa|Monterey cypress]] (macrocarpa) tree which is the official symbol of Pebble Beach and a frequent fixture of television broadcasts from this area. In 1990 the ''Monterey Journal'' reported that Pebble Beach's lawyer, Kerry C. Smith, said "The image of the tree has been trademarked by us," and that it intended to control any display of the cypress for commercial purposes. The company had warned photographers that "they cannot even use existing pictures of the tree for commercial purposes".<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE4DC1031F931A3575BC0A966958260 Monterey Journal; Trees and Trademarks: The Disputes Run Deep] Katherine Bishop, Special To [[The New York Times]], August 2, 1990</ref>
<gallery mode="packed">
File:17 Mile Drive photo D Ramey Logan.jpg|Beach near the Pacific Grove entrance of the 17 Mile Drive
File:17 Mile Drive cropped.jpg|Beach access near golf links at [[Pebble Beach]]
File:17 Mile Drive Bird Rock.jpg|Bird Rock
File:Seal Curiosity.JPG|Seal seen along 17-mile drive
</gallery>
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.pebblebeach.com/17-mile-drive/ Pebble Beach Resorts: 17-Mile Drive]
* [http://www.lkjh.biz/bike/california/monterey/carmel/index.html Photographic] description of the whole of 17-Mile Drive.
{{Coord|36.584839|-121.9651|region:US-CA_type:landmark_source:GNS|display=title}}
{{Pebble Beach}}
{{Monterey County tourist attractions|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Roads in Monterey County, California]]
[[Category:Toll roads in California]]
[[Category:Non-freeway toll roads]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Monterey County, California]]
[[Category:Pacific Grove, California]]
[[Category:Pebble Beach, California]]
| 1,278,846,872 |
[{"title": "17-Mile Drive", "data": {"Type": "Scenic toll road", "Maintained by": "Pebble Beach Company", "Length": "17 mi (27 km)", "From": "Del Monte Blvd in Pacific Grove", "Major \u00b7 junctions": "SR 68 / Sunset Dr \u00b7 Carmel Way", "To": "SR 68 / SR 1"}}, {"title": "Construction", "data": {"Completion": "1880"}}, {"title": "Other", "data": {"Website": "Scenic 17-Mile Drive"}}]
| false |
# 1708 in Sweden
Events from the year 1708 in Sweden
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Charles XII
## Events
- 1 January - Sweden begins to invade Russia
- 4 July – Swedish victory over Russia at the Battle of Holowczyn.[1]
- The Uppsala University Hospital is founded.
## Births
- 29 August – Olof von Dalin, poet (died 1763)
- - Sven Rosén (Pietist), Radical-Pietistic writer and leader (died 1751)
## Deaths
- – Görwel Gyllenstierna, female duelist (born 1646)
- – Johanna Eleonora De la Gardie, poet (born 1661)
- – Maria Jonae Palmgren, scholar, one of the first female college students (born 1630)
- 11 November – Hedvig Sophia of Sweden, princess (born 1681)
- – Anna Maria Clodt, courtier
|
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| 47,009,637 |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1708_in_Sweden
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|
en
|
Q20311364
| 83,732 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{yearbox|
in?= in Sweden|
}}
[[File:Holowczynkrigsplan.jpeg|thumb|170px|Swedish plan on the battle]]
[[File:Academia Carolina Uppsala.jpg|thumb|275px|"Kgl. Academ[ien]s sjukhus", also known as the ''Nosocomium Academicum'' (in the Oxenstierna Palace), is seen to the right in this 1769 engraving by F. Akrelius. To the left the old chapter house, later used by the university and renamed ''Academia Carolina''.]]
Events from the year '''1708 in Sweden'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Swedish monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Charles XII of Sweden|Charles XII]]
==Events==
{{Expand section|date=June 2015}}
* 1 January - Sweden begins to [[Swedish invasion of Russia|invade Russia]]
* 4 July – Swedish victory over Russia at the [[Battle of Holowczyn]].<ref>Ericson, Lars (ed) (2003). Svenska slagfält (in Swedish). Wahlström & Widstrand. p. 286. {{ISBN|91-46-21087-3}}.</ref>
*
*
*
*
*
* The [[Uppsala University Hospital]] is founded.
*
==Births==
*
*
*
*
*
* 29 August – [[Olof von Dalin]], poet (died [[1763 in Sweden|1763]])
* - [[Sven Rosén (Pietist)]], Radical-Pietistic writer and leader (died [[1751 in Sweden|1751]])
*
==Deaths==
* – [[Görwel Gyllenstierna]], female duelist (born [[1646 in Sweden|1646]])
* – [[Johanna Eleonora De la Gardie]], poet (born [[1661 in Sweden|1661]])
* – [[Maria Jonae Palmgren]], scholar, one of the first female college students (born [[1630 in Sweden|1630]])
* 11 November – [[Hedvig Sophia of Sweden]], princess (born [[1681 in Sweden|1681]])
* – [[Anna Maria Clodt]], courtier
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Year in Europe|1708}}
{{Years in Sweden}}
[[Category:1708 in Sweden| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in Sweden]]
[[Category:1708 by country|Sweden]]
{{Sweden-year-stub}}
| 1,279,556,181 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"Years in Sweden": "1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711", "Centuries": "17th century \u00b7 18th century \u00b7 19th century", "Decades": "1670s 1680s 1690s 1700s 1710s 1720s 1730s", "Years": "1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711"}}]
| false |
# 1934 Perserikatan
The 1933 Perserikatan season was the fifth season of the Indonesian Perserikatan football competition since its establishment in 1930. V.I.J. (Voetbalbond Indonesia Jacatra) is the defending champions won his third league title.
It was contested by 4 teams and the first season competition was organised under the Persatuan Sepakbola Seluruh Indonesia (PSSI). V.I.J. won the championship.
## Qualifying Stage Oost-Java
### Results
| PSM Madioen | 6–1 | Djombang |
| ----------- | ------ | -------- |
| | Report | |
## Final tournament
### Results
| Persis Solo | 5–0 | PSM Madioen |
| ----------- | ------ | ----------- |
| | Report | |
| PSM Madioen | 1–4 | V.I.J. |
| ----------- | ------ | ------ |
| | Report | |
| V.I.J. | 2–2 | S.I.V.B. |
| ------ | ------ | -------- |
| | Report | |
| Persis Solo | 3–2 | S.I.V.B. |
| ----------- | ------ | -------- |
| | Report | |
### Final table
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | ----------- | --- | - | - | - | -- | -- | -- | --- |
| 1 | V.I.J. (C) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 3 | +3 | 3 |
| 2 | Persis Solo | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 | +6 | 4 |
| 3 | S.I.V.B. | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 5 | −1 | 1 |
| 4 | PSM Madioen | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 9 | −8 | 0 |
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{{One source|date=December 2024}}
{{Short description|Indonesian football league season}}
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = Perserikatan
| logo =
| pixels =
| season = 1934
| matches = 4
| total goals = 19
| dates = 22–25 June
| winners = [[Persija Jakarta|V.I.J.]]
| relegated =
| continentalcup1 = Runner-up
| continentalcup1 qualifiers = [[Persis Solo]]
| continentalcup2 = Third place
| continentalcup2 qualifiers = [[Persebaya Surabaya|S.I.V.B.]]
| league topscorer =
| biggest home win =
| biggest away win =
| highest scoring =
| longest wins =
| longest unbeaten =
| longest winless =
| longest losses =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[1933 Perserikatan|1933]]
| nextseason = [[1935 Perserikatan|1935]]
}}
The '''1933 Perserikatan season''' was the fifth season of the [[Indonesia]]n [[Perserikatan]] [[Association football|football]] competition since its establishment in 1930. [[Persija Jakarta|V.I.J. (Voetbalbond Indonesia Jacatra)]] is the defending champions won his third league title.
It was contested by 4 teams and the first season competition was organised under the [[Football Association of Indonesia|Persatuan Sepakbola Seluruh Indonesia]] (PSSI). [[Persija Jakarta|V.I.J.]] won the championship.<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiechamp.html 1934 Perserikatan Result]</ref>
==Qualifying Stage Oost-Java==
===Results===
{{footballbox
| date = 16 September 1933
| time =
| team1 = [[PSM Madiun|PSM Madioen]]
| score = 6–1
| report = [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiechamp.html Report]
| team2 = Djombang
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium =
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
==Final tournament==
===Results===
{{footballbox
| date = 22 June 1934
| time =
| team1 = [[Persis Solo]]
| score = 5–0
| report = [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiechamp.html Report]
| team2 = [[PSM Madiun|PSM Madioen]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Surakarta|Soerakarta]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
{{footballbox
| date = 23 June 1934
| time =
| team1 = [[PSM Madiun|PSM Madioen]]
| score = 1–4
| report = [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiechamp.html Report]
| team2 = [[Persija Jakarta|V.I.J.]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Surakarta|Soerakarta]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
{{footballbox
| date = 24 June 1934
| time =
| team1 = [[Persija Jakarta|V.I.J.]]
| score = 2–2
| report = [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiechamp.html Report]
| team2 = [[Persebaya Surabaya|S.I.V.B.]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Surakarta|Soerakarta]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
{{footballbox
| date = 25 June 1934
| time =
| team1 = [[Persis Solo]]
| score = 3–2
| report = [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiechamp.html Report]
| team2 = [[Persebaya Surabaya|S.I.V.B.]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Surakarta|Soerakarta]]
| attendance =
| referee =
}}
===Final table===
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=
|winpoints=2
|team1=VIJ|name_VIJ=[[Persija Jakarta|V.I.J.]]|status_VIJ=C
|team2=PSO|name_PSO=[[Persis Solo]]
|team3=SIVB|name_SIVB=[[Persebaya Surabaya|S.I.V.B.]]
|team4=PSM|name_PSM=[[PSM Madiun|PSM Madioen]]
|win_VIJ=1|draw_VIJ=1|loss_VIJ=0|gf_VIJ=6|ga_VIJ=3
|win_PSO=2|draw_PSO=0|loss_PSO=0|gf_PSO=8|ga_PSO=2
|win_SIVB=0|draw_SIVB=1|loss_SIVB=1|gf_SIVB=4|ga_SIVB=5
|win_PSM=0|draw_PSM=0|loss_PSM=2|gf_PSM=1|ga_PSM=9
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiechamp.html#p31 RSSSF]
}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesi/indiechamp.html P.S.S.I. (inlandsche) Stedenwedstrijden 1930-1950]
[[Category:1934 in Asian football]]
[[Category:1934 in the Dutch East Indies]]
[[Category:Seasons in Indonesian football competitions]]
[[Category:Sport in the Dutch East Indies]]
[[Category:1934 in Dutch sport]]
| 1,265,338,879 |
[{"title": "Perserikatan", "data": {"Season": "1934", "Dates": "22\u201325 June", "Champions": "V.I.J.", "Runner-up": "Persis Solo", "Third place": "S.I.V.B.", "Matches played": "4", "Goals scored": "19 (4.75 per match)"}}]
| false |
# 1923 Oamaru by-election
The Oamaru by-election of 1923 was a by-election during the 21st New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was called following the invalidation of the preceding 1922 general election result due to irregularities. It was held on 1 May 1923.
## Background
When the preliminary counts for the 1922 general election in the Oamaru electorate were announced, Ernest Lee was ahead of John Andrew MacPherson by just one vote. Once the absentee votes had been counted, it was announced that MacPherson was leading by five votes, but this was subsequently increased to 25 votes. A recount was ordered, during which some irregularities came to light, and Lee asked for a judicial review. The court case was heard at the Supreme Court in Wellington by Sir Robert Stout and Justice Alexander Samuel Adams, who declared the election void and ordered the parties to pay their own expenses.
## Candidates
Two candidates contested the seat. John Andrew MacPherson (Liberal Party), who had taken the seat off the incumbent Ernest Lee (Reform Party), again won the vote.
## Result
The following table gives the election results:
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| ------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------- | ----- | ----- | -- |
| | Liberal | John MacPherson | 4,492 | 52.00 | |
| | Reform | Ernest Lee | 4,147 | 48.00 | |
| Informal votes | Informal votes | Informal votes | 21 | 0.24 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 345 | 3.99 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 8,660 | 94.18 | |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 9,195 | | |
MacPherson won the by-election. At the subsequent general election in 1925, Lee in turn defeated MacPherson.
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1923 Oamaru by-election
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923_Oamaru_by-election
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2025-01-05T05:20:20Z
|
en
|
Q7074346
| 54,685 |
{{short description|New Zealand by-election}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1923 Oamaru by-election
| country = New Zealand
| flag_year = 1923
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1922 New Zealand general election
| previous_year = 1922 general
| next_election = 1925 New Zealand general election
| next_year = 1925 general
| seats_for_election = [[Oamaru (New Zealand electorate)|Oamaru]]
| election_date = {{Start date|1923|05|01|df=y}}
| turnout = 8,660 (94.18%)
| image1 = [[File:John Andrew MacPherson.jpg|100px]]
| candidate1 = [[John Andrew MacPherson|John MacPherson]]
| party1 = New Zealand Liberal Party
| popular_vote1 = '''4,492'''
| percentage1 = '''52.00'''
| swing1 =
| image2 = [[File:Ernest Lee.jpg|100px]]
| candidate2 = [[Ernest Lee]]
| party2 = Reform Party (New Zealand)
| popular_vote2 = 4,147
| percentage2 = 48.00
| swing2 =
| title = Member
| before_election = [[John Andrew MacPherson|John MacPherson]]
| after_election = [[John Andrew MacPherson|John MacPherson]]
| before_party = New Zealand Liberal Party
| after_party = New Zealand Liberal Party
| result = Liberal Party hold
}}
The '''Oamaru by-election of 1923''' was a [[by-election]] during the [[21st New Zealand Parliament]]. The by-election was called following the invalidation of the preceding [[1922 New Zealand general election|1922 general election]] result due to irregularities. It was held on 1 May 1923.{{sfn|Scholefield|1950|p=124}}
==Background==
When the preliminary counts for the [[1922 New Zealand general election|1922 general election]] in the {{NZ electorate link|Oamaru}} electorate were announced, [[Ernest Lee]] was ahead of [[John Andrew MacPherson]] by just one vote. Once the absentee votes had been counted, it was announced that MacPherson was leading by five votes, but this was subsequently increased to 25 votes. A recount was ordered, during which some irregularities came to light, and Lee asked for a judicial review. The court case was heard at the [[High Court of New Zealand|Supreme Court]] in [[Wellington]] by Sir [[Robert Stout]] and Justice Alexander Samuel Adams, who declared the election void and ordered the parties to pay their own expenses.<ref name="1943 writeup">{{cite news |title=Oamaru Contest |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19430928.2.10.3 |access-date=16 May 2017 |work=[[The Evening Post (New Zealand)|The Evening Post]] |volume=CXXXVI |issue=77 |date=28 September 1943 |page=3}}</ref>
==Candidates==
Two candidates contested the seat. [[John Andrew MacPherson]] ([[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal Party]]), who had taken the seat off the incumbent [[Ernest Lee]] ([[Reform Party (New Zealand)|Reform Party]]), again won the vote.{{sfn|Scholefield|1950|p=119}}
==Result==
The following table gives the election results:
{{1923 Oamaru by-election}}
MacPherson won the by-election. At the subsequent [[1925 New Zealand general election|general election in 1925]], Lee in turn defeated MacPherson.<ref name="1943 writeup" />
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
*{{cite book |first1=J. |last1=Hislop |title=The General Election, 1922 |year=1923 |publisher=Government Printer |url= https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1923-I-II.2.2.5.36 |access-date=25 December 2015}}
*{{Cite book |last= Scholefield |first= Guy |title= New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 |author-link=Guy Scholefield |edition=3rd |orig-year= First ed. published 1913 |year= 1950 |publisher=Govt. Printer |location= Wellington}}
{{1912–1938 New Zealand by-elections}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oamaru By-Election, 1923}}
[[Category:By-elections in New Zealand|Oamaru 1923]]
[[Category:1923 elections in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Politics of Otago]]
{{NewZealand-election-stub}}
| 1,267,458,170 |
[{"title": "1923 Oamaru by-election", "data": {"\u2190 1922 general": "1 May 1923 \u00b7 1925 general \u2192", "Turnout": "8,660 (94.18%)", "Candidate": "John MacPherson \u00b7 Ernest Lee", "Party": "Liberal \u00b7 Reform", "Popular vote": "4,492 \u00b7 4,147", "Percentage": "52.00 \u00b7 48.00", "Member before election \u00b7 John MacPherson \u00b7 Liberal": "Elected Member \u00b7 John MacPherson \u00b7 Liberal"}}]
| false |
# 114th Engineer Combat Battalion (United States)
The 114th Engineer Battalion was an engineer battalion of the United States Army. The battalion was activated on 4 April 1942, at Camp Edwards, Massachusetts, and was inactivated on 28 February 1946 in Japan.
During World War II, the battalion was attached to the 32nd Infantry Division to replace the 107th Engineer Combat Battalion, which was bound for Ireland.
They fought with the 32nd Infantry Division in Papua New Guinea, and in the Philippines.
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enwiki/31671996
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enwiki
| 31,671,996 |
114th Engineer Combat Battalion (United States)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/114th_Engineer_Combat_Battalion_(United_States)
|
2023-12-16T15:03:48Z
|
en
|
Q4547463
| 12,193 |
[[File:"WE CLEAR THE WAY - ENGINEERS", 1941 - 1945.jpg|thumb|300px|World War II recruiting poster for the [[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]]]]
{{Use American English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
The '''114th Engineer Battalion''' was an [[Engineer Combat Battalion|engineer battalion]] of the [[United States Army]]. The battalion was activated on 4 April 1942, at [[Camp Edwards, Massachusetts|Camp Edwards]], [[Massachusetts]], and was inactivated on 28 February 1946 in [[Japan]].
During [[World War II]], the battalion was attached to the [[32nd Infantry Division (United States)|32nd Infantry Division]] to replace the 107th Engineer Combat Battalion, which was bound for Ireland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.32nd-division.org/history/ww2/32ww2-1.html|title=The 32nd Infantry Division "The Red Arrow" in World War II| accessdate=4 May 2011}}</ref>
They fought with the 32nd Infantry Division in [[Papua New Guinea]],<ref>[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-Papua/USA-P-Papua-7.html Papua, New Guinea]</ref> and in the [[Philippines campaign (1944–1945)|Philippines]].
== References ==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://oralhistory.rutgers.edu/interviewees/857-catera-michael-a Rutgers Oral History interview with replacement soldier Michael A. Catera]
[[Category:Engineer battalions of the United States Army]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1943]]
| 1,190,203,878 |
[]
| false |
# 1933 German football championship
The 1933 German football championship, the 26th edition of the competition, ended with the first national title for Fortuna Düsseldorf. The title was won with a 3–0 win over Schalke 04. It was a replay of the Western German championship final, in which Schalke had defeated Fortuna 1–0 on 30 April 1933.
For both clubs it was their first appearance in the German final. While Fortuna only played one more after this, in 1936, for Schalke it was the first in its golden era, playing in every final until 1942, except the 1936 one. Fortuna became the first Champion from the industrial western part of Germany.
The 1933 final was played after the rise of the Nazis to power in Germany. After this season, the German league system was overhauled and instead of the regional championships as qualifying competitions, the 16 Gauligas were introduced.
To qualify for the national championship, a team needed to win or finish runners-up in one of the seven regional championships. On top of those 14 clubs, the two strongest regions, West and South were allowed to send a third team each. In the West, this was the local cup winner while in the South, the third placed team of the championship received this place.
## Qualified teams
The teams qualified through the regional football championships:
| Club | Qualified from |
| SV Prussia-Samland Königsberg | Baltic champions |
| SV Hindenburg Allenstein | Baltic runners-up |
| Beuthener SuSV | South Eastern German champions |
| Vorwärts RaSpo Gleiwitz | South Eastern German runners-up |
| Hertha BSC | Brandenburg champions |
| BFC Viktoria 89 | Brandenburg runners-up |
| Dresdner SC | Central German champions |
| PSV Chemnitz | Central German runners-up |
| Hamburger SV | Northern German champions |
| SV Arminia Hannover | Northern German runners-up |
| Schalke 04 | Western German champions |
| Fortuna Düsseldorf | Western German runners-up |
| VfL Benrath | Western German Cup winner |
| FSV Frankfurt | Southern German champions |
| TSV 1860 München | Southern German runners-up |
| SG Eintracht Frankfurt | Southern German 3rd placed team |
## Competition
### Round of 16
| Date | Match | Match | Match | Result | Stadium |
| 7 May 1933 | Hamburger SV | – | Eintracht Frankfurt | 1–4 (0–2) | Hamburg, Stadion Hoheluft |
| 7 May 1933 | VfL Benrath | – | TSV 1860 München | 0–2 (0–2) | Cologne, Müngersdorfer Stadion |
| 7 May 1933 | Fortuna Düsseldorf | – | Vorwärts RaSpo Gleiwitz | 9–0 (3–0) | Düsseldorf, Rheinstadion |
| 7 May 1933 | Dresdner SC | – | SV Arminia Hannover | 1–2 aet (0–1, 1–1) | Dresden, Stadion am Ostragehege |
| 7 May 1933 | Beuthener SuSV | – | SV Prussia-Samland Königsberg | 7–1 (3–1) | Beuthen, Hindenburg-Stadion |
| 7 May 1933 | FSV Frankfurt | – | PSV Chemnitz | 6–1 (1–1) | Frankfurt am Main, Riederwaldstadion |
| 7 May 1933 | Hindenburg Allenstein | – | Hertha BSC | 4–1 (2–0) | Allenstein, Waldstadion |
| 14 May 1933 | FC Schalke 04 | – | BFC Viktoria 1889 | 4–1 (1–0) | Dortmund, Kampfbahn Rothe Erde |
### Quarter-finals
| Date | Match | Match | Match | Result | Stadium |
| 21 May 1933 | SV Arminia Hannover | – | Fortuna Düsseldorf | 0–3 (0–2) | Hanover, Hindenburg-Kampfbahn |
| 21 May 1933 | Eintracht Frankfurt | – | Hindenburg Allenstein | 12–2 (7–0) | Frankfurt am Main, Waldstadion |
| 21 May 1933 | FC Schalke 04 | – | FSV Frankfurt | 1–0 (0–0) | Essen, Stadion Uhlenkrug |
| 21 May 1933 | TSV 1860 München | – | Beuthener SuSV | 3–0 (2–0) | Nuremberg, Städtisches Stadion |
### Semi-finals
| Date | Match | Match | Match | Result | Stadium |
| 28 May 1933 | Fortuna Düsseldorf | – | Eintracht Frankfurt | 4–0 (1–0) | Berlin, Platz des BFC Preussen |
| 28 May 1933 | FC Schalke 04 | – | TSV 1860 München | 4–0 (1–0) | Leipzig, Stadion Probstheida |
### Final
The 1933 final saw Schalke as the favorite for the title, having already beaten Fortuna in the Western German championship in late April. In front of 60,000, 20,000 of those Fortuna supporters, the club, who had not conceded a goal in the previous three rounds and scored 16, scored the first goal in the tenth minute. Schalke never got into their rhythm and when Fortuna scored the third goal five minutes from the end, the game was decided.
It was the third time that the final was held in Cologne, after 1912 and 1931 and had the second-best attendance until then, only surpassed by the 1923 final, held in Hamburg in front of 64,000.
| Date | Match | Match | Match | Result | Stadium | Attendance |
| 11 June 1933 | Fortuna Düsseldorf | – | FC Schalke 04 | 3-0 (1–0) | Cologne, Müngersdorfer Stadion | 60,000 |
| Fortuna Düsseldorf: | | |
| | | |
| | 1 | Willi Pesch |
| | 2 | Kurt Trautwein |
| | 3 | Paul Janes |
| | 4 | Paul Bornefeld |
| | 5 | Jakob Bender |
| | 6 | Paul Mehl 70' |
| | 7 | Georg Hochgesang 85' |
| | 8 | Theo Breuer |
| | 9 | Felix Zwolanowski 10' |
| | 10 | Willi Wigold |
| | 11 | Stanislaus Kobierski |
| Manager: | | |
| Heinz Körner | | |
| FC Schalke 04: | | |
| | | |
| | 1 | Hermann Mellage |
| | 2 | Ferdinand Zajons |
| | 3 | Fritz Wohlgemuth |
| | 4 | Ötte Tibulsky |
| | 5 | Hermann Nattkämper |
| | 6 | Hans Bornemann |
| | 7 | Valentin Przybylski |
| | 8 | Emil Rothardt |
| | 9 | Fritz Szepan |
| | 10 | Hans Rosen |
| | 11 | Ernst Kuzorra |
| Manager: | | |
| Kurt Otto | | |
| | |
## Top scorers
The top scorer of the competition:
| | Name | Club | Goals |
| --- | ----------------- | ------------------- | ----- |
| 1st | Karl Ehmer | Eintracht Frankfurt | 6 |
| 2nd | Georg Hochgesang | Fortuna Düsseldorf | 5 |
| 2nd | Paul Mehl | Fortuna Düsseldorf | 5 |
| 2nd | Felix Zwolanowski | Fortuna Düsseldorf | 5 |
| 5th | August Möbs | Eintracht Frankfurt | 4 |
### Sources
- Süddeutschlands Fussball in Tabellenform 1897–1988, by Ludolf Hyll, page 98 – German championship 1933
- kicker Allmanach 1990, by kicker, page 164 & 177 – German championship
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enwiki
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1933 German football championship
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933_German_football_championship
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2024-01-02T00:10:24Z
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en
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Q450046
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox football tournament season
| title = German championship
| year = 1933
| other_titles = Deutsche Fußballmeisterschaft
| image = Victoria Schalke-Museum.jpg
| image_size = 100px
| caption = Replica of the [[Viktoria (trophy)|''Viktoria'' trophy]]
| country = Germany
| dates = 7 May – 11 June
| num_teams = 16
| winners = [[Fortuna Düsseldorf]]<br>1st [[List of German football champions|German title]]
| second = [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]]
| matches = 15
| goals = 76
| attendance =
| scoring_leader = [[Karl Ehmer]] {{nowrap|(6 goals)}}
| prev_season = [[1932 German football championship|1932]]
| next_season = [[1934 German football championship|1934]]
}}
The '''1933 [[German football championship]]''', the 26th edition of the competition, ended with the first national title for [[Fortuna Düsseldorf]]. The title was won with a 3–0 win over [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]]. It was a replay of the Western German championship final, in which Schalke had defeated Fortuna 1–0 on 30 April 1933.<ref name="List" >{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesd/duitchamp.html |title=(West) Germany -List of champions |date= |website= Rsssf.com |publisher= |access-date= 5 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weltfussball.de/teams/fc-schalke-04/1/ |title= FC Schalke 04 » Steckbrief |date= |website= Weltfussball.de |publisher= |access-date= 5 January 2016|language=German|trans-title=FC Schalke 04 honours}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weltfussball.de/teams/fortuna-duesseldorf/1/ |title= Fortuna Düsseldorf » Steckbrief |date= |website= Weltfussball.de |publisher= |access-date= 5 January 2016|language=German|trans-title=Fortuna Düsseldorf honours}}</ref>
For both clubs it was their first appearance in the German final. While Fortuna only played one more after this, in 1936, for Schalke it was the first in its golden era, playing in every final until 1942, except the 1936 one.<ref>[http://www.schalke04.de/verein.html FC Schalke 04 website – History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718203129/http://www.schalke04.de/verein.html |date=18 July 2011 }} {{in lang|de}}, accessed: 21 April 2009</ref> Fortuna became the first Champion from the industrial western part of Germany.
The 1933 final was played after the rise of the [[Nazis]] to power in Germany. After this season, the German league system was overhauled and instead of the regional championships as qualifying competitions, the 16 [[Gauliga]]s were introduced.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesd/duithistpre45.html |title=German championship 1934 |date= |website= Rsssf.com |publisher= |access-date= 5 January 2016}}</ref>
To qualify for the national championship, a team needed to win or finish runners-up in one of the seven regional championships. On top of those 14 clubs, the two strongest regions, West and South were allowed to send a third team each. In the West, this was the local cup winner while in the South, the third placed team of the championship received this place.
==Qualified teams==
The teams qualified through the regional football championships:<ref name="Rsssf" >{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesd/duithistpre45.html |title=German championship 1933 |date= |website= Rsssf.com |publisher= |access-date= 5 January 2016}}</ref>
{|style="border:1px solid #bbb;background:#fff;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="2" width="75%"
|-style="background:#ccc;font-weight:bold"
|Club || Qualified from
|-
| [[SV Prussia-Samland Königsberg]] || [[Baltic football championship|Baltic champions]]
|-style="background:#ddd"
| [[SV Hindenburg Allenstein]] || Baltic runners-up
|-
| [[Beuthener SuSV]] || [[South Eastern German football championship|South Eastern German champions]]
|-style="background:#ddd"
| [[Vorwärts-Rasensport Gleiwitz|Vorwärts RaSpo Gleiwitz]] || South Eastern German runners-up
|-
| [[Hertha BSC]] || [[Brandenburg football championship|Brandenburg champions]]
|-style="background:#ddd"
| [[BFC Viktoria 89]] || Brandenburg runners-up
|-
| [[Dresdner SC]] || [[Central German football championship|Central German champions]]
|-style="background:#ddd"
| [[PSV Chemnitz]] || Central German runners-up
|-
| [[Hamburger SV]] || [[Northern German football championship|Northern German champions]]
|-style="background:#ddd"
| [[SV Arminia Hannover]] || Northern German runners-up
|-
| [[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]] || [[Western German football championship|Western German champions]]
|-style="background:#ddd"
| [[Fortuna Düsseldorf]] || Western German runners-up
|-
| [[VfL Benrath]] || Western German Cup winner
|-style="background:#ddd"
| [[FSV Frankfurt]] || [[Southern German championship|Southern German champions]]
|-
| [[TSV 1860 München]] || Southern German runners-up
|-style="background:#ddd"
| [[SG Eintracht Frankfurt]] || Southern German 3rd placed team
|}
==Competition==
===Round of 16===
{|style="border:1px solid #bbb;background:#fff;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="2" width="90%"
|-style="background:#ccc;font-weight:bold"
|Date ||colspan="3"|Match || Result || Stadium
|-
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 7 May 1933
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| Hamburger SV
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| –
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| '''Eintracht Frankfurt'''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 1–4 ''(0–2)''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| [[Hamburg]], [[Stadion Hoheluft]]
|-
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 7 May 1933
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| VfL Benrath
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| –
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| '''TSV 1860 München'''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 0–2 ''(0–2)''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| [[Cologne]], [[Müngersdorfer Stadion]]
|-
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 7 May 1933
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| '''Fortuna Düsseldorf'''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| –
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| Vorwärts RaSpo Gleiwitz
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 9–0 ''(3–0)''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| [[Düsseldorf]], [[Rheinstadion]]
|-
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 7 May 1933
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| Dresdner SC
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| –
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| '''SV Arminia Hannover'''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 1–2 [[Extra time|aet]] ''(0–1, 1–1)''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| [[Dresden]], [[Heinz-Steyer-Stadion|Stadion am Ostragehege]]
|-
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 7 May 1933
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| '''Beuthener SuSV'''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| –
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| SV Prussia-Samland Königsberg
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 7–1 ''(3–1)''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| [[Bytom|Beuthen]], [[Stadion Edwarda Szymkowiaka|Hindenburg-Stadion]]
|-
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 7 May 1933
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| '''FSV Frankfurt'''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| –
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| PSV Chemnitz
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 6–1 ''(1–1)''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| [[Frankfurt am Main]], [[Riederwaldstadion]]
|-
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 7 May 1933
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| '''Hindenburg Allenstein'''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| –
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| Hertha BSC
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 4–1 ''(2–0)''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| [[Olsztyn|Allenstein]], Waldstadion
|-
| 14 May 1933
| '''FC Schalke 04'''
| –
| BFC Viktoria 1889
| 4–1 ''(1–0)''
| [[Dortmund]], [[Stadion Rote Erde|Kampfbahn Rothe Erde]]
|}
===Quarter-finals===
{|style="border:1px solid #bbb;background:#fff;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="2" width="90%"
|-style="background:#ccc;font-weight:bold"
|Date ||colspan="3"|Match || Result || Stadium
|-
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 21 May 1933
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| SV Arminia Hannover
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| –
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| '''Fortuna Düsseldorf'''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 0–3 ''(0–2)''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| [[Hanover]], Hindenburg-Kampfbahn
|-
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 21 May 1933
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| '''Eintracht Frankfurt'''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| –
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| Hindenburg Allenstein
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 12–2 ''(7–0)''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| Frankfurt am Main, [[Commerzbank-Arena|Waldstadion]]
|-
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 21 May 1933
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| '''FC Schalke 04'''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| –
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| FSV Frankfurt
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 1–0 ''(0–0)''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| [[Essen]], [[Uhlenkrugstadion|Stadion Uhlenkrug]]
|-
| 21 May 1933
| '''TSV 1860 München'''
| –
| Beuthener SuSV
| 3–0 ''(2–0)''
| [[Nuremberg]], [[Stadion Nürnberg|Städtisches Stadion]]
|}
===Semi-finals===
{|style="border:1px solid #bbb;background:#fff;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="2" width="90%"
|-style="background:#ccc;font-weight:bold"
|Date ||colspan="3"|Match || Result || Stadium
|-
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 28 May 1933
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| '''Fortuna Düsseldorf'''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| –
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| Eintracht Frankfurt
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| 4–0 ''(1–0)''
|style="border-bottom:1px solid #ccc"| Berlin, Platz des BFC Preussen
|-
| 28 May 1933
| '''FC Schalke 04'''
| –
| TSV 1860 München
| 4–0 ''(1–0)''
| [[Leipzig]], [[Bruno-Plache-Stadion|Stadion Probstheida]]
|}
===Final===
The 1933 final saw Schalke as the favorite for the title, having already beaten Fortuna in the Western German championship in late April. In front of 60,000, 20,000 of those Fortuna supporters, the club, who had not conceded a goal in the previous three rounds and scored 16, scored the first goal in the tenth minute. Schalke never got into their rhythm and when Fortuna scored the third goal five minutes from the end, the game was decided.<ref>[http://www2.fortuna-duesseldorf.de/pages/historie/sternstunden/meisterschaft-1933/index.htm Die deutsche Meisterschaft 1933] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719021411/http://www2.fortuna-duesseldorf.de/pages/historie/sternstunden/meisterschaft-1933/index.htm |date=19 July 2011 }} {{in lang|de}} Fortuna Düsseldorf – 1933 final, accessed: 21 April 2009</ref>
It was the third time that the final was held in Cologne, after 1912 and 1931 and had the second-best attendance until then, only surpassed by the 1923 final, held in Hamburg in front of 64,000.
{|style="border:1px solid #bbb;background:#fff;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="2" width="90%"
|-style="background:#ccc;font-weight:bold"
|Date ||colspan="3"|Match || Result || Stadium || Attendance
|-
| 11 June 1933
| '''Fortuna Düsseldorf'''
| –
| FC Schalke 04
| 3-0 ''(1–0)''
| [[Cologne]], [[Müngersdorfer Stadion]]
| 60,000
|}
{| width="100%"
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|colspan="4"|'''Fortuna Düsseldorf:'''
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
| ||'''1''' || [[Willi Pesch]]
|-
| ||'''2''' || [[Kurt Trautwein]]
|-
| ||'''3''' || [[Paul Janes]]
|-
| ||'''4''' || [[Paul Bornefeld]]
|-
| ||'''5''' || [[Jakob Bender]]
|-
| ||'''6''' || [[Paul Mehl]] {{goal|70}}
|-
| ||'''7''' || [[Georg Hochgesang]] {{goal|85}}
|-
| ||'''8''' || [[Theo Breuer (footballer)|Theo Breuer]]
|-
| ||'''9''' || [[Felix Zwolanowski]] {{goal|10}}
|-
| ||'''10'''|| [[Willi Wigold]]
|-
| ||'''11'''|| [[Stanislaus Kobierski]]
|-
|colspan=4|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan="4"| [[Heinz Körner]]
|}
|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|colspan="4"|'''FC Schalke 04:'''
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
| ||'''1''' || [[Hermann Mellage]]
|-
| ||'''2''' || [[Ferdinand Zajons]]
|-
| ||'''3''' || [[Fritz Wohlgemuth]]
|-
| ||'''4''' || [[Ötte Tibulsky]]
|-
| ||'''5''' || [[Hermann Nattkämper]]
|-
| ||'''6''' || [[Hans Bornemann (footballer)|Hans Bornemann]]
|-
| ||'''7''' || [[Valentin Przybylski]]
|-
| ||'''8''' || [[Emil Rothardt]]
|-
| ||'''9''' || [[Fritz Szepan]]
|-
| ||'''10'''|| [[Hans Rosen]]
|-
| ||'''11'''|| [[Ernst Kuzorra]]
|-
|colspan=4|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan="4"| [[Kurt Otto]]
|}
|}
{| width=100% style="font-size: 90%"
| width=50% valign=top|
| width=50% valign=top|
|}
==Top scorers==
The top scorer of the competition:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weltfussball.de/torjaeger/deutsche-meisterschaft-1932-1933/ |title= Deutsche Meisterschaft 1932/1933 » Torschützenliste |date= |website= Weltfussball.de |publisher= |access-date= 5 January 2016|language=German|trans-title=German championship 1933: Top scorers}}</ref>
{| style="border: 1px solid #F0DC82; background-color: #F0DC82" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="500"
|-
!
! Name
! Club
! Goals
|-
! bgcolor="#ffffff" align="center" | 1st
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left" | [[Karl Ehmer]]
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left" | Eintracht Frankfurt
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="center" | 6
|-
! rowspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" align="center" | 2nd
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left" | [[Georg Hochgesang]]
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left" | Fortuna Düsseldorf
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="center" | 5
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left" | [[Paul Mehl]]
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left" | Fortuna Düsseldorf
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="center" | 5
|-
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left" | [[Felix Zwolanowski]]
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left" | Fortuna Düsseldorf
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="center" | 5
|-
! rowspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" align="center" | 5th
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left" | [[August Möbs]]
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left" | Eintracht Frankfurt
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="center" | 4
|-
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
===Sources===
* ''Süddeutschlands Fussball in Tabellenform 1897–1988'', by Ludolf Hyll, page 98 – German championship 1933
* ''kicker Allmanach 1990'', by [[kicker (sports magazine)|kicker]], page 164 & 177 – German championship
==External links==
* [http://www.weltfussball.de/spielplan/deutsche-meisterschaft-1932-1933/ German Championship 1932–33] at weltfussball.de {{in lang|de}}
* [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesd/duithistpre45.html German Championship 1933] at RSSSF
{{German football championship}}
{{1932–33 in European Football (UEFA)}}
[[Category:1932–33 in German football|1]]
[[Category:1932–33 in European association football leagues|German]]
[[Category:German football championship seasons]]
| 1,193,086,205 |
[{"title": "Tournament details", "data": {"Country": "Germany", "Dates": "7 May \u2013 11 June", "Teams": "16"}}, {"title": "Final positions", "data": {"Champions": "Fortuna D\u00fcsseldorf \u00b7 1st German title", "Runner-up": "Schalke 04"}}, {"title": "Tournament statistics", "data": {"Matches played": "15", "Goals scored": "76 (5.07 per match)", "Top goal scorer(s)": "Karl Ehmer (6 goals)"}}]
| false |
# 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone aldolase
In enzymology, a 17α-hydroxyprogesterone aldolase (EC 4.1.2.30) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
17α-hydroxyprogesterone {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } androst-4-en-3,17-dione + acetaldehyde
Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, and two products, androst-4-en-3,17-dione and acetaldehyde.
This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the aldehyde-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetaldehyde-lyase (4-androstene-3,17-dione-forming). Other names in common use include C-17/C-20-lyase, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetaldehyde-lyase. This enzyme participates in androgen and estrogen metabolism.
|
enwiki/14281313
|
enwiki
| 14,281,313 |
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone aldolase
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone_aldolase
|
2023-08-26T12:51:19Z
|
en
|
Q4552289
| 52,119 |
{{Short description|Class of enzymes}}
{{No footnotes|date=June 2022}}
{{infobox enzyme
| Name = 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone aldolase
| EC_number = 4.1.2.30
| CAS_number = 62213-24-5
| GO_code = 0047442
| image =
| width =
| caption =
}}
In [[enzymology]], a '''17α-hydroxyprogesterone aldolase''' ({{EC number|4.1.2.30}}) is an [[enzyme]] that [[catalysis|catalyzes]] the [[chemical reaction]]
:17α-hydroxyprogesterone <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> androst-4-en-3,17-dione + acetaldehyde
Hence, this enzyme has one [[substrate (biochemistry)|substrate]], [[17α-hydroxyprogesterone]], and two [[product (chemistry)|products]], [[androst-4-en-3,17-dione]] and [[acetaldehyde]].
This enzyme belongs to the family of [[lyase]]s, specifically the aldehyde-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The [[List of enzymes|systematic name]] of this enzyme class is '''17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetaldehyde-lyase (4-androstene-3,17-dione-forming)'''. Other names in common use include '''C-17/C-20-lyase''', and '''17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetaldehyde-lyase'''. This enzyme participates in [[androgen]] and [[estrogen]] [[metabolism]].
==References==
{{Reflist|1}}
* {{cite journal |vauthors=Nowotny E, Sananez RD, Nattero G, Yantorno C, Faillaci MG | date = 1974 | title = Bioconversion of steroids in vitro by testes from autoimmunized rabbits | journal = Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. | volume = 355 | pages = 716–20 | pmid = 4435747 | issue = 6 | doi = 10.1515/bchm2.1974.355.1.716 }}
{{Carbon-carbon lyases}}
{{Enzymes}}
{{Portal bar|Biology|border=no}}
[[Category:EC 4.1.2]]
[[Category:Enzymes of unknown structure]]
{{4.1-enzyme-stub}}
| 1,172,337,607 |
[{"title": "Identifiers", "data": {"EC no.": "4.1.2.30", "CAS no.": "62213-24-5"}}, {"title": "Databases", "data": {"IntEnz": "IntEnz view", "BRENDA": "BRENDA entry", "ExPASy": "NiceZyme view", "KEGG": "KEGG entry", "MetaCyc": "metabolic pathway", "PRIAM": "profile", "PDB structures": "RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum", "Gene Ontology": "AmiGO / QuickGO", "PMC": "articles", "PubMed": "articles", "NCBI": "proteins"}}]
| true |
# 17-Phenylandrostenol
17-Phenylandrostenol (17-PA), or (3α,5α)-17-phenylandrost-16-en-3-ol, is a steroid drug which binds to GABAA receptors. It acts as an antagonist against the sedative effects of neuroactive steroids, but has little effect when administered by itself, and does not block the effects of benzodiazepines or barbiturates.
|
enwiki/23441957
|
enwiki
| 23,441,957 |
17-Phenylandrostenol
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17-Phenylandrostenol
|
2023-09-25T20:34:48Z
|
en
|
Q3597689
| 92,443 |
{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
{{Drugbox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477209277
| IUPAC_name = (3''R'',5''S'',8''R'',9''S'',10''S'',13''S'',14''S'')-10,13-dimethyl-17-phenyl- 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15-dodecahydro-1''H''-cyclopenta[''a'']phenanthren-3-ol
| image = 17-Phenylandrostenol.svg
| width = 200
<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename =
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_category =
| legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled-->
| legal_CA = <!-- Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->
| legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C -->
| legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->
| legal_status =
| routes_of_administration =
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability =
| protein_bound =
| metabolism =
| elimination_half-life =
| excretion =
<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CAS_number = 694438-95-4
| ATC_prefix =
| ATC_suffix =
| ATC_supplemental =
| PubChem = 25068278
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank =
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 21475142
<!--Chemical data-->
| chemical_formula =
| C=25 | H=34 | O=1
| smiles = C[C@]12CC[C@H](C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC=C4C5=CC=CC=C5)C)O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C25H34O/c1-24-14-12-19(26)16-18(24)8-9-20-22-11-10-21(17-6-4-3-5-7-17)25(22,2)15-13-23(20)24/h3-7,10,18-20,22-23,26H,8-9,11-16H2,1-2H3/t18-,19+,20-,22-,23-,24-,25+/m0/s1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = SINAMTXBCYKFDL-WBJZGETLSA-N
| synonyms = (3α,5α)-17-Phenyl-androst-16-en-3-ol
}}
'''17-Phenylandrostenol''' ('''17-PA'''), or '''(3α,5α)-17-phenylandrost-16-en-3-ol''', is a [[steroid]] drug which binds to [[GABAA receptor|GABA<sub>A</sub>]] [[Receptor (biochemistry)|receptors]]. It acts as an [[Antagonist (pharmacology)|antagonist]] against the [[sedative]] effects of [[neuroactive steroid]]s, but has little effect when administered by itself, and does not block the effects of [[benzodiazepine]]s or [[barbiturate]]s.<ref name="pmid15102947">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mennerick S, He Y, Jiang X, Manion BD, Wang M, Shute A, Benz A, Evers AS, Covey DF, Zorumski CF |title=Selective antagonism of 5alpha-reduced neurosteroid effects at GABA(A) receptors |journal=Molecular Pharmacology |volume=65 |issue=5 |pages=1191–7 |date=May 2004 |pmid=15102947 |doi=10.1124/mol.65.5.1191 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17658511">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kelley SP, Alan JK, O'Buckley TK, Mennerick S, Krishnan K, Covey DF, Leslie Morrow A |title=Antagonism of neurosteroid modulation of native γ-aminobutyric acid receptors by (3α,5α)-17-phenylandrost-16-en-3-ol |journal=European Journal of Pharmacology |volume=572 |issue=2–3 |pages=94–101 |date=October 2007 |pmid=17658511 |pmc=2098702 |doi=10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.06.028 }}</ref>
==Chemistry==
{{See also|List of neurosteroids}}
==See also==
* [[Androstenol]]
==References==
<references/>
{{GABAergics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Phenylandrostenol, 17-}}
[[Category:Androstanes]]
[[Category:GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators]]
[[Category:Neurosteroids]]
{{steroid-stub}}
| 1,177,077,955 |
[{"title": "Clinical data", "data": {"Other names": "(3\u03b1,5\u03b1)-17-Phenyl-androst-16-en-3-ol"}}, {"title": "Identifiers", "data": {"Identifiers": "IUPAC name - (3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S)-10,13-dimethyl-17-phenyl- 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol", "CAS Number": "- 694438-95-4", "PubChem CID": "- 25068278", "ChemSpider": "- 21475142"}}, {"title": "Chemical and physical data", "data": {"Formula": "C25H34O", "Molar mass": "350.546 g\u00b7mol\u22121", "3D model (JSmol)": "- Interactive image", "Chemical and physical data": ["SMILES - C[C@]12CC[C@H](C[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@H]3CC=C4C5=CC=CC=C5)C)O", "InChI - InChI=1S/C25H34O/c1-24-14-12-19(26)16-18(24)8-9-20-22-11-10-21(17-6-4-3-5-7-17)25(22,2)15-13-23(20)24/h3-7,10,18-20,22-23,26H,8-9,11-16H2,1-2H3/t18-,19+,20-,22-,23-,24-,25+/m0/s1 - Key:SINAMTXBCYKFDL-WBJZGETLSA-N"]}}]
| false |
# 1936 in France
Events from the year 1936 in France.
## Incumbents
- President: Albert Lebrun
- President of the Council of Ministers:
- until 24 January: Pierre Laval
- 24 January-4 June: Albert Sarraut
- starting 4 June: Léon Blum
## Events
- 25 March – Second London Naval Treaty is signed by the governments of France, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America.
- 26 April – first round of Legislative Election held.
- 3 May – second round of Legislative Election held, resulting in the election of the Popular Front.
- 26 May – A general strike is initiated in Le Havre.
- 7 June – Matignon Agreements are signed between the Confédération générale de la production française (CGPF) employers association, the CGT trade union and the French state during a general strike initiated after the election of the Popular Front.
## Sport
- 7 July – Tour de France begins.
- 2 August – Tour de France ends, won by Sylvère Maes of Belgium.
## Births
- 15 February – Jean-Gabriel Albicocco, film director (died 2001)
- 23 February – Roger Rivière, cyclist (died 1976)
- 12 April – Jean-Claude Vrinat, restaurateur (died 2008)
- 1 March – Jean-Edern Hallier, author (died 1997)
- 7 March – Georges Perec, novelist, filmmaker and essayist (died 1982)
- 1 May – Danièle Huillet, filmmaker (died 2006)
- 20 June – Jean-Daniel Pollet, film director and screenwriter (died 2004)
- 1 August – Yves Saint Laurent, fashion designer (died 2008)
- 4 August – Claude Ballot-Léna, motor racing driver (died 1999)
- 12 October – Pascale Audret, actress (died 2000)
- 28 December – Jacques Mesrine, gangster (died 1979)
## Deaths
- 7 January – Guy d'Hardelot, composer, pianist and teacher (born 1858)
- 5 February – Charles le Bargy, actor and film director (born 1858)
- 28 February – Charles Nicolle, bacteriologist who won the 1928 Nobel Prize in Medicine (born 1866)
- 16 March – Marguerite Durand, actress, journalist and suffragette (born 1864)
- 23 May – Henri de Régnier, poet (born 1864)
- 13 June – Marie-Louise Bouglé, feminist, librarian, and archivist (born 1883)
- 15 July – Charles Binet, Archbishop of Besançon and cardinal (born 1869)
- 1 August – Louis Blériot, inventor, engineer and aviation pioneer (born 1872)
- 23 August – Juliette Adam, writer (born 1836)[1]
- 17 October – Suzanne Bianchetti, actress (born 1889)
### Full date unknown
- Georges Garnier, soccer player (born 1878)
|
enwiki/16523537
|
enwiki
| 16,523,537 |
1936 in France
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_in_France
|
2024-09-12T08:21:09Z
|
en
|
Q607067
| 147,132 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Year in France header}}
Events from the year '''[[1936]] in [[France]]'''.
==Incumbents==
*[[President of France|President]]: [[Albert Lebrun]]
*[[Prime Minister of France|President of the Council of Ministers]]:
** until 24 January: [[Pierre Laval]]
** 24 January-4 June: [[Albert Sarraut]]
** starting 4 June: [[Léon Blum]]
==Events==
*25 March – [[Second London Naval Treaty]] is signed by the governments of France, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America.
*26 April – first round of [[1936 French legislative election|Legislative Election]] held.
*3 May – second round of [[1936 French legislative election|Legislative Election]] held, resulting in the election of the [[Popular Front (France)|Popular Front]].
*26 May – A [[general strike]] is initiated in [[Le Havre]].
*7 June – [[Matignon Agreements (1936)|Matignon Agreements]] are signed between the [[Confédération générale de la production française]] (CGPF) employers association, the [[CGT (France)|CGT]] trade union and the French state during a [[general strike]] initiated after the election of the [[Popular Front (France)|Popular Front]].
==Sport==
*7 July – [[1936 Tour de France|Tour de France]] begins.
*2 August – Tour de France ends, won by [[Sylvère Maes]] of [[Belgium]].
==Births==
*15 February – [[Jean-Gabriel Albicocco]], [[film director]] (died [[2001 in France|2001]])
*23 February – [[Roger Rivière]], cyclist (died [[1976 in France|1976]])
*12 April – [[Jean-Claude Vrinat]], restaurateur (died [[2008 in France|2008]])
*1 March – [[Jean-Edern Hallier]], author (died [[1997 in France|1997]])
*7 March – [[Georges Perec]], [[novelist]], [[filmmaker]] and [[essayist]] (died [[1982 in France|1982]])
*1 May – [[Straub-Huillet|Danièle Huillet]], filmmaker (died [[2006 in France|2006]])
*20 June – [[Jean-Daniel Pollet]], film director and screenwriter (died [[2004 in France|2004]])
*1 August – [[Yves Saint Laurent (designer)|Yves Saint Laurent]], [[fashion design]]er (died [[2008 in France|2008]])
*4 August – [[Claude Ballot-Léna]], motor racing driver (died [[1999 in France|1999]])
*12 October – [[Pascale Audret]], actress (died [[2000 in France|2000]])
*28 December – [[Jacques Mesrine]], gangster (died [[1979 in France|1979]])
==Deaths==
*7 January – [[Guy d'Hardelot]], composer, [[piano|pianist]] and teacher (born [[1858 in France|1858]])
*5 February – [[Charles le Bargy]], actor and film director (born [[1858 in France|1858]])
*28 February – [[Charles Nicolle]], [[bacteriologist]] who won the 1928 [[Nobel Prize]] in [[Medicine]] (born [[1866 in France|1866]])
*16 March – [[Marguerite Durand]], actress, journalist and suffragette (born [[1864 in France|1864]])
*23 May – [[Henri de Régnier]], poet (born [[1864 in France|1864]])
*13 June – [[Marie-Louise Bouglé]], feminist, librarian, and archivist (born [[1883 in France|1883]])
*15 July – [[Charles Binet]], [[Archbishop of Besançon]] and [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]] (born [[1869 in France|1869]])
*1 August – [[Louis Blériot]], inventor, engineer and aviation pioneer (born [[1872 in France|1872]])
*23 August – [[Juliette Adam]], writer (born [[1836 in France|1836]])<ref>{{cite book|first1=Kathryn J.|last1=Crecelius|first2=Karen|last2=Offen|chapter=Juliette Adam|editor-first=Katharina M.|editor-last=Wilson|title=An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers Volume 1|location=New York|publisher=Garland|year=1991|page=3|isbn=978-0-82408-547-6}}</ref>
*17 October – [[Suzanne Bianchetti]], actress (born [[1889 in France|1889]])
===Full date unknown===
*[[Georges Garnier]], soccer player (born [[1878 in France|1878]])
==See also==
* [[List of French films of 1936]]
*[[Interwar France]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{France year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1936}}
[[Category:1930s in France]]
| 1,245,314,050 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1935 - 1934 - 1933 - 1932 - 1931": "1936 \u00b7 in \u00b7 France \u00b7 \u2192 - 1937 - 1938 - 1939 - 1940 - 1941", "Decades": "1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s", "See also": "Other events of 1936 \u00b7 History of France \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false |
# 1704 in piracy
See also 1703 in piracy, other events in 1704, 1705 in piracy, and Timeline of piracy.
## Events
### Europe
- April 11 – Thomas Green, captain of the Worcester, and two of his officers were hanged in Leith, Scotland, for the piratical seizure of the Speedy Return. The crime had actually been committed by John Bowen and his crew.[citation needed]
### North America
- June – Captain John Quelch is hanged for piracy in Boston, Massachusetts.[1]
|
enwiki/11223045
|
enwiki
| 11,223,045 |
1704 in piracy
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1704_in_piracy
|
2024-12-07T16:01:56Z
|
en
|
Q4552358
| 11,207 |
{{short description|none}}
''See also'' [[1703 in piracy]], [[1704|other events in 1704]], [[1705 in piracy]], and [[Timeline of piracy]].
==Events==
===Europe===
*April 11 – [[Thomas Green (captain)|Thomas Green]], captain of the ''Worcester'', and two of his officers were hanged in [[Leith]], [[Scotland]], for the piratical seizure of the ''Speedy Return''. The crime had actually been committed by [[John Bowen (pirate)|John Bowen]] and his crew.{{Cn|date=December 2024}}
===North America===
* June – Captain [[John Quelch (pirate)|John Quelch]] is hanged for piracy in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hearn|first1=Daniel Allen|title=Legal Executions in New England A Comprehensive Reference, 1623-1960|date=13 August 2015|publisher=McFarland Incorporated, Publishers|isbn=9781476608532|page=108 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Legal_Executions_in_New_England/qA1eCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1704|Piracy]]
[[Category:Piracy by year]]
[[Category:1704 in military history]]
| 1,261,714,564 |
[]
| false |
# 1704 in architecture
The year 1704 in architecture involved some significant events.
## Buildings and structures
### Buildings
- English architect and dramatist John Vanbrugh is commissioned to begin Blenheim Palace.[1]
- Schleissheim Palace near Munich in Bavaria, designed by Enrico Zuccalli, is completed.[2]
- Cound Hall, Shropshire, England, designed by John Prince or Price, is completed.[3]
- Burgh House, Hampstead, London is built.[4]
- Church of the Ascension, Hall Green, Birmingham, England, probably designed by Sir William Wilson, is consecrated.[5]
- Construction of Hirado Castle in Nagasaki (Japan) begins.[6]
- Construction on Ludwigsburg Palace begins.[7]
## Births
- March 6 (bapt.) – Isaac Ware, English architect (died 1766)[8]
- August 26 (bapt.) – John Wood, the Elder, English architect working in Bath (died 1754)[9]
## Deaths
- Paolo Falconieri, Florentine architect, painter and mathematician (born 1638)[10]
|
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1704 in architecture
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1704_in_architecture
|
2024-09-06T13:55:24Z
|
en
|
Q2744904
| 48,831 |
{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1704|architecture}}
The year '''1704 in architecture''' involved some significant events.
[[File:John Vanbrugh.jpg|thumb|upright|[[John Vanbrugh]]]]
[[File:Oberschleissheim - Westseite - Panorama.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Schleissheim Palace]]]]
==Buildings and structures==
===Buildings===
* [[England|English]] architect and dramatist [[John Vanbrugh]] is commissioned to begin [[Blenheim Palace]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/seaton-delaval-hall/features/sir-john-vanbrugh|title=Sir John Vanbrugh|website=National Trust|access-date=8 July 2017}}</ref>
* [[Schleissheim Palace]] near Munich in Bavaria, designed by [[Enrico Zuccalli]], is completed.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fulco|first1=Daniel|title=Exuberant Apotheoses: Italian Frescoes in the Holy Roman Empire: Visual Culture and Princely Power in the Age of Enlightenment|date=2016|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004308053|page=312|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=in0JDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA312|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Cound Hall]], Shropshire, England, designed by John Prince or Price, is completed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cound Hall|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1177385|website=historicengland.org.uk|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[Burgh House]], [[Hampstead]], London is built.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.burghhouse.org.uk/about|title=About Us|website=Burgh House|access-date=8 July 2017|archive-date=7 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207051204/http://www.burghhouse.org.uk/about/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Church of the Ascension, Hall Green]], [[Birmingham]], England, probably designed by [[William Wilson (architect)|Sir William Wilson]], is consecrated.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hickman|first=Douglas|title=Birmingham|year=1970|publisher=Studio Vista|location=London|page=13}}</ref>
* Construction of [[Hirado Castle]] in [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] ([[Japan]]) begins.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hirado Castle|url=https://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-city-guides/japanese-castles/hirado-castle|website=www.japanvisitor.com|access-date=2 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>
* Construction on [[Ludwigsburg Palace]] begins.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ludwigsburg - Germany|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ludwigsburg|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>
==Births==
* March 6 ''(bapt.)'' – [[Isaac Ware]], English architect (died [[1766 in architecture|1766]])<ref>{{cite ODNB|title=Ware, Isaac (bap. 1704, d. 1766), architect |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-28728|year=2004|access-date=2 April 2018|language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/28728}}</ref>
* August 26 ''(bapt.)'' – [[John Wood, the Elder]], English architect working in [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]] (died [[1754 in architecture|1754]])<ref>{{cite web|title=John Wood the Elder – English architect|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Wood-the-Elder|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>
==Deaths==
* [[Paolo Falconieri]], Florentine architect, painter and mathematician (born [[1638 in architecture|1638]])<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wallis|first1=John|last2=Beeley|first2=Philip|last3=Scriba|first3=Christoph J.|title=Correspondence of John Wallis (1616-1703): Volume III (October 1668-1671)|date=2012|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=9780198569473|page=404|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gwhlLwjdG8UC&pg=PA404|language=en}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1704 In Architecture}}
[[Category:1704 works|architecture]]
[[Category:Years in architecture]]
[[Category:1700s architecture]]
{{Architecture-hist-stub}}
| 1,244,338,593 |
[]
| false |
# 1936–37 Dundee United F.C. season
The 1936–37 season was the 29th year of football played by Dundee United and covers the period from 1 July 1936 to 30 June 1937.
## Match results
Dundee United played a total of 35 matches during the 1936–37 season.
### Legend
| Win |
| Draw |
| Loss |
All results are written with Dundee United's score first.
Own goals in italics
### Second Division
| Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| ----------------- | ------------------ | ----- | ------ | ---------- | ------- |
| 8 August 1936 | King's Park | A | 4–2 | 1,500 | |
| 15 August 1936 | Brechin City | H | 3–3 | 7,000 | |
| 22 August 1936 | Airdrieonians | A | 0–4 | 4,000 | |
| 29 August 1936 | Raith Rovers | H | 2–4 | 5,000 | |
| 5 September 1936 | Morton | A | 1–4 | 4,000 | |
| 12 September 1936 | Dumbarton | H | 1–1 | 1,500 | |
| 19 September 1936 | Ayr United | A | 1–4 | 6,000 | |
| 26 September 1936 | Alloa Athletic | H | 0–1 | 4,000 | |
| 3 October 1936 | St Bernard's | A | 0–3 | 2,500 | |
| 10 October 1936 | Airdrieonians | H | 2–1 | 2,000 | |
| 17 October 1936 | Cowdenbeath | A | 3–5 | 1,500 | |
| 24 October 1936 | Montrose | H | 5–1 | 1,500 | |
| 31 October 1936 | East Stirlingshire | H | 4–6 | 2,500 | |
| 7 November 1936 | Raith Rovers | A | 3–2 | 2,500 | |
| 14 November 1936 | Forfar Athletic | H | 5–0 | 2,500 | |
| 21 November 1936 | Edinburgh City | H | 2–2 | 2,000 | |
| 28 November 1936 | Dumbarton | A | 5–4 | 2,000 | |
| 5 December 1936 | Leith Athletic | A | 2–2 | 1,000 | |
| 12 December 1936 | East Fife | H | 0–0 | 4,000 | |
| 19 December 1936 | Ayr United | H | 1–2 | 3,000 | |
| 26 December 1936 | Alloa Athletic | A | 0–2 | 2,000 | |
| 1 January 1937 | Greenock Morton | H | 1–4 | 5,000 | |
| 2 January 1937 | Brechin City | A | 3–4 | 1,500 | |
| 9 January 1937 | King's Park | H | 3–3 | 2,000 | |
| 16 January 1937 | Forfar Athletic | A | 3–3 | 500 | |
| 23 January 1937 | Stenhousemuir | H | 3–2 | 3,500 | |
| 6 February 1937 | East Fife | A | 4–4 | 3,000 | |
| 20 February 1937 | Cowdenbeath | H | 1–1 | 2,500 | |
| 6 March 1937 | Montrose | A | 0–5 | 1,250 | |
| 20 March 1937 | Leith Athletic | H | 4–2 | 1,500 | |
| 27 March 1937 | Edinburgh City | A | 3–2 | 300 | |
| 3 April 1937 | East Stirlingshire | A | 1–2 | 200 | |
| 10 April 1937 | St Bernard's | H | 0–3 | 3,000 | |
| 16 April 1937 | Stenhousemuir | A | 2–9 | 300 | |
### Scottish Cup
| Date | Rd | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| --------------- | -- | ------------- | ----- | ------ | ---------- | ------- |
| 30 January 1937 | R1 | Airdrieonians | A | 1–3 | 3,000 | |
|
enwiki/54847671
|
enwiki
| 54,847,671 |
1936–37 Dundee United F.C. season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%E2%80%9337_Dundee_United_F.C._season
|
2023-08-06T05:57:09Z
|
en
|
Q39048522
| 82,703 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Football club season
| club = [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]]
| season = 1936–37
| manager = [[Jimmy Brownlie]] (to October) <br/> [[George Greig]] (from October)
| chairman =
| league = [[Scottish Football League Second Division]]
| league result = 14th <br />W9 D9 L16 F72 A97 P27
| cup1 = [[Scottish Cup]]| cup1 result = Round 1
| league topscorer =
| season topscorer =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| prevseason = [[1935–36 Dundee United F.C. season|1935–36]]
| nextseason = [[1937–38 Dundee United F.C. season|1937–38]]
}}
The '''1936–37 season''' was the 29th year of [[football (soccer)|football]] played by [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]] and covers the period from 1 July 1936 to 30 June 1937.
==Match results==
Dundee United played a total of 35 matches during the 1936–37 season.<ref name="results">{{cite web|url=http://www.arabarchive.co.uk/matches.php?|title=Match results 1936/1937|work=Arab Archive|accessdate=20 August 2013}}</ref>
===Legend===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|<small>Win</small>
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|<small>Draw</small>
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|<small>Loss</small>
|}
All results are written with Dundee United's score first.
Own goals in italics
===Second Division===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center"
|-
!Date!!Opponent!!Venue!!Result!!Attendance!!Scorers
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|8 August 1936||[[King's Park F.C.|King's Park]]||[[Forthbank Park|A]]||4–2||1,500||
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|15 August 1936||[[Brechin City F.C.|Brechin City]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||3–3||7,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|22 August 1936||[[Airdrieonians F.C. (1878)|Airdrieonians]]||[[Broomfield Park|A]]||0–4||4,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|29 August 1936||[[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||2–4||5,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|5 September 1936||[[Morton F.C.|Morton]]||[[Cappielow Park|A]]||1–4||4,000||
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|12 September 1936||[[Dumbarton F.C.|Dumbarton]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||1–1||1,500||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|19 September 1936||[[Ayr United F.C.|Ayr United]]||[[Somerset Park|A]]||1–4||6,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|26 September 1936||[[Alloa Athletic F.C.|Alloa Athletic]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||0–1||4,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|3 October 1936||[[St Bernard's F.C.|St Bernard's]]||[[Royal Gymnasium Ground|A]]||0–3||2,500||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|10 October 1936||[[Airdrieonians F.C. (1878)|Airdrieonians]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||2–1||2,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|17 October 1936||[[Cowdenbeath F.C.|Cowdenbeath]]||[[Central Park, Cowdenbeath|A]]||3–5||1,500||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|24 October 1936||[[Montrose F.C.|Montrose]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||5–1||1,500||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|31 October 1936||[[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||4–6||2,500||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|7 November 1936||[[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]]||[[Stark's Park|A]]||3–2||2,500||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|14 November 1936||[[Forfar Athletic F.C.|Forfar Athletic]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||5–0||2,500||
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|21 November 1936||[[Edinburgh City F.C. (1928)|Edinburgh City]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||2–2||2,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|28 November 1936||[[Dumbarton F.C.|Dumbarton]]||[[Boghead Park|A]]||5–4||2,000||
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|5 December 1936||[[Leith Athletic F.C.|Leith Athletic]]||[[Old Meadowbank|A]]||2–2||1,000||
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|12 December 1936||[[East Fife F.C.|East Fife]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||0–0||4,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|19 December 1936||[[Ayr United F.C.|Ayr United]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]|||1–2||3,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|26 December 1936||[[Alloa Athletic F.C.|Alloa Athletic]]||[[Recreation Park, Alloa|A]]||0–2||2,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|1 January 1937||[[Greenock Morton F.C.|Greenock Morton]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||1–4||5,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|2 January 1937||[[Brechin City F.C.|Brechin City]]||[[Glebe Park, Brechin|A]]||3–4||1,500||
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|9 January 1937||[[King's Park F.C.|King's Park]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||3–3||2,000||
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|16 January 1937||[[Forfar Athletic F.C.|Forfar Athletic]]||[[Station Park, Forfar|A]]||3–3||500||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|23 January 1937||[[Stenhousemuir F.C.|Stenhousemuir]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||3–2||3,500||
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|6 February 1937||[[East Fife F.C.|East Fife]]||[[Bayview Park, Methil|A]]||4–4||3,000||
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|20 February 1937||[[Cowdenbeath F.C.|Cowdenbeath]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||1–1||2,500||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|6 March 1937||[[Montrose F.C.|Montrose]]||[[Links Park|A]]||0–5||1,250||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|20 March 1937||[[Leith Athletic F.C.|Leith Athletic]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||4–2||1,500||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|27 March 1937||[[Edinburgh City F.C. (1928)|Edinburgh City]]||[[City Park, Edinburgh|A]]||3–2||300||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|3 April 1937||[[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]||[[Firs Park|A]]||1–2||200||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|10 April 1937||[[St Bernard's F.C.|St Bernard's]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||0–3||3,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|16 April 1937||[[Stenhousemuir F.C.|Stenhousemuir]]||[[Ochilview Park|A]]||2–9||300||
|}
===Scottish Cup===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center"
|-
!Date!!Rd!!Opponent!!Venue!!Result!!Attendance!!Scorers
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|30 January 1937||R1||[[Airdrieonians F.C. (1878)|Airdrieonians]]||[[Broomfield Park|A]]||1–3||3,000||
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Dundee United F.C.}}
{{Dundee United F.C. seasons}}
{{1936–37 in Scottish football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1936-37 Dundee United F.C. season}}
[[Category:Dundee United F.C. seasons]]
[[Category:Scottish football clubs 1936–37 season|Dundee United]]
{{Scotland-season-footyclub-stub}}
{{Dundee-stub}}
| 1,168,968,821 |
[{"title": "Dundee United", "data": {"Manager": "Jimmy Brownlie (to October) \u00b7 George Greig (from October)", "Scottish Football League Second Division": "14th \u00b7 W9 D9 L16 F72 A97 P27", "Scottish Cup": "Round 1"}}]
| false |
# 11th Hussar Regiment (Germany)
The 11th Hussar Regiment, initially called the 2nd Westphalian Regiment, was a notable cavalry unit of the Royal Prussian Army and the German Imperial Army.
It was established in Düsseldorf in December 1807 and originally bore the name of 2nd Royal Westphalian Hussar Regiment. It was a continuation of an earlier unit, the Chevau-légers Uhlan Regiment of the Duchy of Berg formed by Joachim Murat earlier during the Napoleonic Wars.
In 1906 the regiment gained the nickname of "Dancing Hussars of Krefeld" (German: Krefelder Tanzhusaren) after Emperor Wilhelm II personally ordered the regiment to relocate from Düsseldorf to Krebs following that city's aristocracy's complaints that there were not enough bachelors to dance at the balls. Thereupon the Emperor promised to send appropriate dancers. What was at first thought of as a joke, was later the same day confirmed by General Moritz von Bissing, the commanding officer of the 7th Army Corps.
The regiment took part in World War I as part of the 9th Cavalry Division. Initially at the Western Front, in late 1914 it was moved to the Eastern Front where it remained for the rest of the conflict (mostly in the region of Polesie). Dismounted in 1916, the regiment was disbanded along with the rest of the division in early March 1918.
|
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enwiki
| 41,000,157 |
11th Hussar Regiment (Germany)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_Hussar_Regiment_(Germany)
|
2024-10-23T10:28:08Z
|
en
|
Q210625
| 26,425 |
{{Short description|Military unit of the Prussian and German armies}}
{{Other uses|11th Hussar Regiment (disambiguation){{!}}11th Hussars (disambiguation)}}
[[File:269-Standarte-HR-11.jpg|thumb|right|The banner of the "Tanzhusaren", 1906]]
The '''11th Hussar Regiment''', initially called the '''2nd Westphalian Regiment''', was a notable cavalry unit of the [[Royal Prussian Army]] and the [[German Army (German Empire)|German Imperial Army]].
It was established in [[Düsseldorf]] in December 1807 and originally bore the name of 2nd Royal Westphalian Hussar Regiment. It was a continuation of an earlier unit, the [[Chevau-légers]] Uhlan Regiment of the [[Duchy of Berg]] formed by [[Joachim Murat]] earlier during the [[Napoleonic Wars]].
In 1906 the regiment gained the nickname of "Dancing Hussars of [[Krefeld]]" ({{langx|de|Krefelder Tanzhusaren}}) after [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Emperor Wilhelm II]] personally ordered the regiment to relocate from Düsseldorf to Krebs following that city's aristocracy's complaints that there were not enough bachelors to dance at the balls. Thereupon the Emperor promised to send appropriate dancers. What was at first thought of as a joke, was later the same day confirmed by General [[Moritz von Bissing]], the commanding officer of the '''7th Army Corps'''.
The regiment took part in [[World War I]] as part of the [[9th Cavalry Division (German Empire)|9th Cavalry Division]]. Initially at the Western Front, in late 1914 it was moved to the Eastern Front where it remained for the rest of the conflict (mostly in the region of [[Polesie]]). Dismounted in 1916, the regiment was disbanded along with the rest of the division in early March 1918.
==See also==
*[[List of Imperial German cavalry regiments]]
==References==
*{{cite book | last = Schulz | first = Hugo | title = Die preussischen Kavallerie-Regimenter 1913/1914 nach dem Gesetz vom 3. Juli 1913 | publisher = Weltbild | location = Augsburg | year = 1992 | isbn = 3893503439 |pages=114–115}}
{{commons category}}
{{coord|51.3481|N|6.5753|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}
[[Category:Hussar regiments of the Prussian Army]]
{{Germany-mil-unit-stub}}
| 1,252,884,839 |
[]
| false |
# 1750 in Russia
Events from the year 1750 in Russia
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Elizabeth
## Births
- January 16 – Ivan Trubetskoy, Russian field marshal (b. 1667)
## Deaths
- Vasily Tatishchev
|
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enwiki
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1750 in Russia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1750_in_Russia
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2024-12-30T09:19:37Z
|
en
|
Q21186765
| 76,787 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{yearbox|
in?= in Russia|
}}
Events from the year '''1750 in [[Russia]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Russian monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Elizabeth of Russia|Elizabeth]]
==Events==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
==Births==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
*
*
* [[January 16]] – [[Ivan Trubetskoy]], Russian field marshal (b. [[1667]])
*
==Deaths==
{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}
*
*
*
* [[Vasily Tatishchev]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commonscat-inline}}
{{Year in Asia|1750}}
{{Year in Europe|1750}}
{{Years in Russia}}
[[Category:1750 in the Russian Empire|1750 in Russia]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:1750 by country]]
{{Russia-hist-stub}}
| 1,266,153,174 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"Years in Russia": "1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753", "Centuries": "17th century \u00b7 18th century \u00b7 19th century", "Decades": "1720s 1730s 1740s 1750s 1760s 1770s 1780s", "Years": "1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753"}}]
| false |
# 1750 in Denmark
Events from the year 1750 in Denmark.
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Frederick V[1]
- Prime minister – Johan Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg
## Events
- 31 March – The County of Bregentved is established by Adam Gottlob Moltke from the manors of Bregentved, Turebyholm, Juellinge, Alslevgård, Tryggevælde and Sophiendal.
## Births
- 20 January – Princess Louise of Denmark (died 1831)
## Deaths
- 23 September – Johan Conrad Ernst, architect (born 1666)
- 16 October – Ernst Henrich Berling, printer and publisher, founder of Berlingske (born 1708)
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enwiki/32146696
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enwiki
| 32,146,696 |
1750 in Denmark
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1750_in_Denmark
|
2024-10-16T20:49:45Z
|
en
|
Q4552853
| 78,045 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in Denmark|1750}}
Events from the year '''1750 in [[Denmark]]'''.
==Incumbents==
* Monarch – [[Frederick V of Denmark|Frederick V]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Frederick V: king of Denmark and Norway|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-V-king-of-Denmark-and-Norway|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=18 November 2019|language=en}}</ref>
* Prime minister – [[Johan Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg]]
==Events==
* 31 March {{ndash}} The [[Bregentved|County of Bregentved]] is established by [[Adam Gottlob Moltke]] from the manors of Bregentved, [[Turebyholm]], [[Juellinge]], Alslevgård, Tryggevælde and Sophiendal.
==Births==
* 20 January – [[Princess Louise of Denmark (1750–1831)|Princess Louise of Denmark]] (died [[1831 in Denmark|1831]])
==Deaths==
* 23 September – [[Johan Conrad Ernst]], architect (born [[1666 in Denmark|1666]])
* 16 October – [[Ernst Henrich Berling]], printer and publisher, founder of [[Berlingske]] (born [[1708 in Denmark|1708]])
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Denmark year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1750}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1750 In Denmark}}
[[Category:1750 in Denmark| ]]
[[Category:1750s in Denmark]]
[[Category:1750 by country|Denmark]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in Denmark]]
| 1,251,568,209 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1749 - 1748 - 1747": "1750 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Denmark \u00b7 \u2192 - 1751 - 1752 - 1753", "Decades": "1730s 1740s 1750s 1760s 1770s", "See also": "Other events of 1750 \u00b7 List of years in Denmark"}}]
| false |
# 1928 New Zealand general election
The 1928 New Zealand general election was held on 13 and 14 November in the Māori and European electorates, respectively, to elect 80 MPs to the 23rd session of the New Zealand Parliament.
1928 was the year postal voting was introduced for certain specified groups (e.g. invalids) who could not get to a polling booth on election day.
## The election
The 1928 election was held on Tuesday, 13 November in the Māori electorates, and on Wednesday, 14 November in the general electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 23rd session of Parliament. A total of 844,633 electors were registered on the European roll, of which 743,691 (88.05%) turned out to vote. All 80 electorates were contested. 47 and 29 electorates were in the North Island and South Island, respectively, plus the 4 Māori electorates.
In 1927, a faction of the decaying Liberal Party formed a new organisation, which was eventually named the United Party. In 1928, to the considerable surprise of most observers and many members of the party itself, United won a considerable victory, taking Auckland East and Grey Lynn from Labour. The United Government came to power with Labour support. Labour, forming the official opposition since 1926, were thus replaced by Reform. Six Independents were elected (most with allegiances to the main parties. Four of these backed United, one supported Reform and one favoured neither.
The Bay of Islands electorate went to Harold Rushworth of the Country Party after a recount of the votes, but the election was declared void January 1929. Rushworth won the resulting by-election. This marked the Country Party's first entry into Parliament, where it would retain a presence until 1938.
## Result by party
The table below shows the result of the 1928 election.
| Election results | Election results | Election results | Election results | Election results | Election results | Election results |
| Party | Party | Candidates | Total votes | Percentage | Seats won | Change |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- |
| | Reform | 74 | 271,259 | 35.87 | 281 | -27 |
| | United | 60 | 228,438 | 30.20 | 272 | +16 |
| | Labour | 59 | 197,953 | 26.17 | 19 | +7 |
| | Country Party | 5 | 11,990 | 1.59 | 1 | +1 |
| | Ratana | 3 | 4,924 | 0.65 | 0 | ±0 |
| | Independent | 30 | 41,767 | 5.52 | 5 | +3 |
| Total | Total | 231 | 756,331 | | 80 | |
1 Includes two who won as Independent Reform
2 United previously contested as Liberal
### Votes summary
| \| Popular Vote \| Popular Vote \| Popular Vote \| Popular Vote \| Popular Vote \| \| ------------ \| ------------ \| ------------ \| ------------ \| ------------ \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Reform \| Reform \| \| 35.87% \| 35.87% \| \| United \| United \| \| 30.20% \| 30.20% \| \| Labour \| Labour \| \| 26.17% \| 26.17% \| \| Country \| Country \| \| 1.59% \| 1.59% \| \| Ratana \| Ratana \| \| 0.65% \| 0.65% \| \| Independent \| Independent \| \| 5.52% \| 5.52% \| | | | | |
| Popular Vote | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Reform | Reform | | 35.87% | 35.87% |
| United | United | | 30.20% | 30.20% |
| Labour | Labour | | 26.17% | 26.17% |
| Country | Country | | 1.59% | 1.59% |
| Ratana | Ratana | | 0.65% | 0.65% |
| Independent | Independent | | 5.52% | 5.52% |
| \| Parliament seats \| Parliament seats \| Parliament seats \| Parliament seats \| Parliament seats \| \| ---------------- \| ---------------- \| ---------------- \| ---------------- \| ---------------- \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Reform \| Reform \| \| 35.00% \| 35.00% \| \| United \| United \| \| 33.75% \| 33.75% \| \| Labour \| Labour \| \| 23.75% \| 23.75% \| \| Country \| Country \| \| 1.25% \| 1.25% \| \| Independent \| Independent \| \| 6.25% \| 6.25% \| | | | | |
| Parliament seats | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Reform | Reform | | 35.00% | 35.00% |
| United | United | | 33.75% | 33.75% |
| Labour | Labour | | 23.75% | 23.75% |
| Country | Country | | 1.25% | 1.25% |
| Independent | Independent | | 6.25% | 6.25% |
## Initial composition of the 23rd Parliament
The United Party was organised in the House of Representatives, prior to the dissolution of the 22nd Parliament.
The Auckland Star reported on 18 September 1928, that:
...the United Party were assembled yesterday in Wellington when Sir Joseph Ward accepted the leadership of the party. It had previously been decided, by unanimous resolution, that the party should go to the polls as "The United Party"...
The Evening Post newspaper reported on the same day that:
The Rt. Hon. Sir Joseph Ward took his seat as Leader of the United Party in the House of Representatives this afternoon, Mr G.W. Forbes, who has led the Nationalist Party up to the present, relinquishing his former place in favour of Sir Joseph. From now until the end of the session the Nationalist Party ceases to exist under that name.
Key
United
Reform
Labour
Country Party
Liberal–Labour
Ratana
Independent
| Electorate | Incumbent | Incumbent | Winner | Winner | Majority | Runner up | Runner up |
| ------------------- | -------------- | --------------------- | --------------------- | ---------------------- | -------- | --------- | --------------------------------- |
| General electorates | | | | | | | |
| Auckland Central | | Bill Parry | Bill Parry | Bill Parry | 3,024 | | William Hewitt |
| Auckland East | | John A. Lee | | James Donald | 37 | | John A. Lee |
| Auckland Suburbs | New electorate | New electorate | | Rex Mason | 1,098 | | Sir James Gunson |
| Auckland West | | Michael Joseph Savage | Michael Joseph Savage | Michael Joseph Savage | 1,341 | | Richard Speirs |
| Avon | | Dan Sullivan | Dan Sullivan | Dan Sullivan | 3,845 | | George Thomas Baker |
| Awarua | | John Hamilton | | Philip De La Perrelle | 1,005 | | John Hamilton |
| Bay of Islands | | Allen Bell | | Harold Rushworth | 2 | | Allen Bell |
| Bay of Plenty | | Kenneth Williams | Kenneth Williams | Kenneth Williams | 1,867 | | Alexander Moncur |
| Buller | | Harry Holland | Harry Holland | Harry Holland | 3,617 | | Dugald Macdonald Robertson |
| Central Otago | New electorate | New electorate | | William Bodkin | 653 | | James Ritchie |
| Chalmers | | James Dickson | | Alfred Ansell | 619 | | Norman Hartley Campbell |
| Christchurch East | | Tim Armstrong | Tim Armstrong | Tim Armstrong | 2,260 | | Denis Franklyn Dennehy |
| Christchurch North | | Henry Holland | Henry Holland | Henry Holland | 1,892 | | Ernest Andrews |
| Christchurch South | | Ted Howard | Ted Howard | Ted Howard | 433 | | Charlie McCully |
| Clutha | | Fred Waite | Fred Waite | Fred Waite | 523 | | Joseph Stephens |
| Dunedin Central | | Sir Charles Statham | Sir Charles Statham | Sir Charles Statham | 1,771 | | John Robinson |
| Dunedin North | | Harold Tapley | | Jim Munro | 1,231 | | Harold Tapley |
| Dunedin South | | Thomas Sidey | | William Taverner | 33 | | Robert William Hall |
| Dunedin West | | Downie Stewart | Downie Stewart | Downie Stewart | 1,277 | | Cornelius Machin Moss |
| Eden | | Rex Mason | | Arthur Stallworthy | 2,436 | | Vivian Potter |
| Egmont | | Oswald Hawken | | Charles Wilkinson | 1,286 | | Oswald Hawken |
| Franklin | | Ewen McLennan | | Jack Massey | 134 | | Harry Mellsop |
| Gisborne | | Douglas Lysnar | | Douglas Lysnar (Ind R) | 346 | | David Coleman |
| Grey Lynn | | Fred Bartram | | John Fletcher | 64 | | Fred Bartram |
| Hamilton | | Alexander Young | Alexander Young | Alexander Young | 1,073 | | Samuel Charles Gale Lye |
| Hauraki | New electorate | New electorate | | Arthur Hall | 891 | | Ebenezer Allan |
| Hawke's Bay | | Hugh Campbell | Hugh Campbell | Hugh Campbell | 690 | | Jack Lyon |
| Hurunui | | George Forbes | George Forbes | George Forbes | 1,839 | | Leslie Robert Cathcart Macfarlane |
| Hutt | | Thomas Wilford | Thomas Wilford | Thomas Wilford | 1,305 | | Walter Nash |
| Invercargill | | Sir Joseph Ward, Bt. | Sir Joseph Ward, Bt. | Sir Joseph Ward, Bt. | 3,178 | | Morell Macalister |
| Kaiapoi | | David Buddo | | Richard Hawke | 96 | | James Arthur Flesher |
| Kaipara | | Gordon Coates | Gordon Coates | Gordon Coates | 2,475 | | Jim Barclay |
| Lyttelton | | James McCombs | James McCombs | James McCombs | 1,867 | | John Beanland |
| Manawatu | | Joseph Linklater | Joseph Linklater | Joseph Linklater | 1,466 | | Patrick James Small |
| Manukau | | Bill Jordan | Bill Jordan | Bill Jordan | 3,659 | | Kells Mason |
| Marsden | | William Jones | | Alfred Murdoch | 450 | | William Jones |
| Masterton | | George Sykes | George Sykes | George Sykes | 1,238 | | William Thompson |
| Mataura | | George Anderson | | David McDougall | 62 | | George Anderson |
| Mid-Canterbury | New electorate | New electorate | | David Jones | 55 | | Jeremiah Connolly |
| Motueka | | Richard Hudson | | George Black | 613 | | Richard Hudson |
| Napier | | John Mason | | Bill Barnard | 418 | | John Mason |
| Nelson | | Harry Atmore | Harry Atmore | Harry Atmore | 2,309 | | Frederick William Oscar Smith |
| New Plymouth | New electorate | New electorate | | Sydney Smith | 1,467 | | Charles Bellringer |
| Oamaru | | Ernest Lee | | John Macpherson | 337 | | Ernest Lee |
| Oroua | | John Eliott | | John Cobbe | 732 | | John Eliott |
| Otaki | | William Field | William Field | William Field | 813 | | Archibald Burnett Sievwright |
| Pahiatua | | Alfred Ransom | Alfred Ransom | Alfred Ransom | 922 | | Harold Smith |
| Palmerston | | Jimmy Nash | Jimmy Nash | Jimmy Nash | 2,350 | | Walter Bromley |
| Parnell | | James S. Dickson | | Harry Jenkins | 849 | | James S. Dickson |
| Patea | | Harold Dickie | Harold Dickie | Harold Dickie | 182 | | James Douglas Hislop |
| Raglan | | Lee Martin | Lee Martin | Lee Martin | 1,041 | | Walter Seavill |
| Rangitikei | | Billy Glenn | | James Hogan | 1,234 | | Billy Glenn |
| Riccarton | | Bert Kyle | Bert Kyle | Bert Kyle | 45 | | Archibald Albany McLachlan |
| Roskill | | Vivian Potter | | George Munns | 2,344 | | Arthur Richards |
| Rotorua | | Frank Hockly | | Cecil Clinkard | 200 | | Frank Hockly |
| Stratford | | Edward Walter | | William Polson | 982 | | Edward Walter |
| Tauranga | | Charles Macmillan | Charles Macmillan | Charles Macmillan | 678 | | Douglas Charles Chalmers |
| Temuka | | Thomas Burnett | Thomas Burnett | Thomas Burnett | 86 | | Thomas Herbert Langford |
| Thames | | Thomas Rhodes | | Albert Samuel | 1,302 | | John Sommerville Montgomerie |
| Timaru | | Frank Rolleston | | Clyde Carr | 467 | | Frank Rolleston |
| Waikato | | Stewart Reid | | Frederick Lye | 86 | | Stewart Reid |
| Waimarino | | Robert Smith | | Frank Langstone | 985 | | Robert Smith |
| Waipawa | | Sir George Hunter | Sir George Hunter | Sir George Hunter | 1,860 | | Ernest Albert Goodger |
| Wairarapa | | Alex McLeod | | Thomas McDonald | 566 | | Alex McLeod |
| Wairau | | William Girling | | Edward Healy | 292 | | William Girling |
| Waitaki | | John Bitchener | John Bitchener | John Bitchener | 1,202 | | Frederick Cooke |
| Waitemata | | Alexander Harris | Alexander Harris | Alexander Harris | 315 | | Reginald Greville |
| Waitomo | | John Rolleston | | Walter Broadfoot | 532 | | John Rolleston |
| Wallace | | Adam Hamilton | Adam Hamilton | Adam Hamilton | 20 | | Walter Taylor |
| Wanganui | | Bill Veitch | Bill Veitch | Bill Veitch | 2,137 | | Bill Rogers |
| Wellington Central | | Peter Fraser | Peter Fraser | Peter Fraser | 3,458 | | Dunbar Sloane |
| Wellington East | | Thomas Forsyth | | Bob Semple | 966 | | Thomas Forsyth |
| Wellington North | | Sir John Luke | | Charles Chapman | 47 | | Sir John Luke |
| Wellington South | | Robert McKeen | Robert McKeen | Robert McKeen | 2,953 | | Martin Luckie |
| Wellington Suburbs | | Robert Wright | Robert Wright | Robert Wright | 1,985 | | Tom Brindle |
| Westland | | Tom Seddon | | James O'Brien | 185 | | Tom Seddon |
| Māori electorates | | | | | | | |
| Eastern Maori | | Sir Āpirana Ngata | Sir Āpirana Ngata | Sir Āpirana Ngata | 3,104 | | Pita Moko |
| Northern Maori | | Taurekareka Henare | Taurekareka Henare | Taurekareka Henare | 880 | | Paraire Karaka Paikea |
| Southern Maori | | Henare Uru | | Tuiti Makitanara | 1 | | Eruera Tirikatene |
| Western Maori | | Sir Māui Pōmare | Sir Māui Pōmare | Sir Māui Pōmare | 1,599 | | Toko Ratana |
|
enwiki/2507277
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enwiki
| 2,507,277 |
1928 New Zealand general election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_New_Zealand_general_election
|
2024-12-20T07:31:07Z
|
en
|
Q7016126
| 265,334 |
{{short description|Election of 1928}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1928 New Zealand general election
| country = New Zealand
| flag_year = 1928
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1925 New Zealand general election
| previous_year = 1925
| previous_members = 22nd New Zealand Parliament
| next_election = 1931 New Zealand general election
| next_year = 1931
| next_members = 24th New Zealand Parliament
| seats_for_election = All 80 seats in the [[New Zealand House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] <br /> 41 seats were needed for a majority
| election_date = 13 (Māori) & 14 November (general) 1928
| elected_mps = [[23rd New Zealand Parliament|elected members]]
| turnout = 88.01% {{decrease}}
| image1 = [[File:Joseph Ward c. 1906.jpg|200x200px]]
| leader1 = Sir [[Joseph Ward]]
| leader_since1 = [[1928 United Party (New Zealand) leadership election|17 September 1928]]
| party1 = United Party (New Zealand)
| leaders_seat1 = [[Invercargill (New Zealand electorate)|Invercargill]]
| last_election1 = 11 seats, 22.4%
| seats1 = '''27'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 16
| popular_vote1 = 225,042
| percentage1 = 29.75%
| swing1 = {{increase}} 7.26%
| image2 = [[File:Joseph Gordon Coates, 1931.jpg|200x200px]]
| leader2 = [[Gordon Coates]]
| leader_since2 = [[1925 Reform Party (New Zealand) leadership election|27 May 1925]]
| party2 = Reform Party (New Zealand)
| leaders_seat2 = [[Kaipara (New Zealand electorate)|Kaipara]]
| last_election2 = 55 seats, 47.7%
| seats2 = '''28'''
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 27
| popular_vote2 = '''263,382'''
| percentage2 = '''34.82%'''
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 9.97%
| image4 = [[File:Harry Holland (1925).jpg|200x200px]]
| leader4 = [[Harry Holland]]
| leader_since4 = [[1919 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election|27 August 1919]]
| party4 = New Zealand Labour Party
| leaders_seat4 = [[Buller (New Zealand electorate)|Buller]]
| last_election4 = 12 seats, 27.2%
| seats4 = 19
| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 7
| popular_vote4 = 198,092
| percentage4 = 26.19%
| swing4 = {{increase}} 3.50%
| image5 = [[File:Harold Montague Rushworth (1940).jpg|200x200px]]
| leader5 = [[Harold Rushworth]]
| leader_since5 = November 1928
| leaders_seat5 = [[Bay of Islands (New Zealand electorate)|Bay of Islands]]
| party5 = Country Party (New Zealand)
| last_election5 = 0 seats, 0.3%
| seats5 = 1
| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 1
| popular_vote5 = 11,990
| percentage5 = 1.59%
| swing5 = {{increase}} 1.24%
| map_image = 1928 New Zealand general election - Results.svg
| map_size = 400px
| map_caption = Results of the election.
| title = [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Subsequent Prime Minister
| before_election = [[Gordon Coates]]
| after_election = [[Joseph Ward]]
| before_party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
| after_party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
The '''1928 New Zealand general election''' was held on 13 and 14 November in the [[Māori electorates|Māori]] and European electorates, respectively, to elect 80 MPs to the [[23rd New Zealand Parliament|23rd session]] of the [[New Zealand Parliament]].
1928 was the year postal voting was introduced for certain specified groups (e.g. invalids) who could not get to a polling booth on election day.
==The election==
The 1928 election was held on Tuesday, 13 November in the Māori electorates, and on Wednesday, 14 November in the general electorates to elect a total of 80 MPs to the 23rd session of Parliament. A total of 844,633 electors were registered on the European roll, of which 743,691 (88.05%) turned out to vote.<ref name="General elections 1853-2005">{{cite web |title=General elections 1853-2005 - dates & turnout |url=http://www.elections.org.nz/events/past-events/general-elections-1853-2014-dates-and-turnout |publisher=Elections New Zealand |access-date=12 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114115332/http://www.elections.org.nz/events/past-events/general-elections-1853-2014-dates-and-turnout |archive-date=14 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> All 80 electorates were contested.<ref>{{cite news |title=General Election |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=AS19281027.2.146 |access-date=27 November 2012 |work=[[Auckland Star]] |date=27 October 1928 |volume=LIX |issue=255 |page=14}}</ref> 47 and 29 electorates were in the [[North Island]] and [[South Island]], respectively, plus the 4 Māori electorates.{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=173}}
In 1927, a faction of the decaying [[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal Party]] formed a new organisation, which was eventually named the [[United Party (New Zealand)|United Party]]. In 1928, to the considerable surprise of most observers and many members of the party itself, United won a considerable victory, taking [[Auckland East]] and [[Grey Lynn (New Zealand electorate)|Grey Lynn]] from [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour]]. The [[United Government of New Zealand|United Government]] came to power with Labour support. Labour, forming the official opposition since 1926, were thus replaced by Reform.{{sfn|Bassett|1982|p=46}} Six Independents were elected (most with allegiances to the main parties. Four of these backed United, one supported Reform and one favoured neither.{{sfn|Bassett|1982|p=67}}
The {{NZ electorate link|Bay of Islands}} electorate went to [[Harold Rushworth]] of the [[Country Party (New Zealand)|Country Party]] after a recount of the votes, but the election was declared void January 1929.<ref>{{cite news |title=State of Parties |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=AS19281126.2.120 |access-date=27 November 2012 |work=[[Auckland Star]] |volume=LIX |issue=280 |date=26 November 1928 |page=10}}</ref>{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=232}} Rushworth won the resulting [[1929 Bay of Islands by-election|by-election]].{{sfn|Wilson|1985|p=232}} This marked the Country Party's first entry into Parliament, where it would retain a presence until 1938.
==Result by party==
[[File:1928 New Zealand general election - Simple.svg|thumb|right|400px|Winning party by electorate.]]
The table below shows the result of the 1928 election.
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=7|[[File:1928 nz parliament.svg|center]]
|-
!colspan=7| Election results
|-
! colspan=2|Party
! Candidates
! Total votes
! Percentage
! Seats won
! Change
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Reform Party (New Zealand)}}
|align=center|74
|align=center|271,259
|align=center|35.87
|align=center|'''28'''<sup>1</sup>
|align=center| -27
|-
| {{Party name with colour|United Party (New Zealand)}}
|align=center|60
|align=center|228,438
|align=center|30.20
|align=center|'''27'''<sup>2</sup>
|align=center| +16
|-
| {{Party name with colour|New Zealand Labour Party}}
|align=center|59
|align=center|197,953
|align=center|26.17
|align=center|'''19'''
|align=center| +7
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Country Party (New Zealand)}}
|align=center|5
|align=center|11,990
|align=center|1.59
|align=center|'''1'''
|align=center| +1
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Ratana}}
|align=center|3
|align=center|4,924
|align=center|0.65
|align=center|'''0'''
|align=center| ±0
|-
| {{Party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|align=center|30
|align=center|41,767
|align=center|5.52
|align=center|'''5'''
|align=center| +3
|-
|colspan=2|Total
|align=center|231
|align=center|756,331
|align=center|
|align=center|'''80'''
|
|-
|}
<sup>1</sup> Includes two who won as '''Independent Reform'''
<sup>2</sup> {{Party index link|United Party (New Zealand)}} previously contested as {{Party index link|New Zealand Liberal Party}}
===Votes summary===
{{bar box
| title=Popular Vote
| titlebar=#ddd
| width=625px
| barwidth=410px
| bars=
{{bar percent|'''Reform'''|{{party color|Reform Party (New Zealand)}}|35.87}}
{{bar percent|United|{{party color|United Party (New Zealand)}}|30.20}}
{{bar percent|Labour|{{party color|New Zealand Labour Party}}|26.17}}
{{bar percent|Country|{{party color|Country Party (New Zealand)}}|1.59}}
{{bar percent|Ratana|{{party color|Ratana}}|0.65}}
{{bar percent|Independent|{{party color|Independent politician}}|5.52}}
}}
{{bar box
| title=Parliament seats
| titlebar=#ddd
| width=625px
| barwidth=410px
| bars=
{{bar percent|'''Reform'''|{{party color|Reform Party (New Zealand)}}|35.00}}
{{bar percent|United|{{party color|United Party (New Zealand)}}|33.75}}
{{bar percent|Labour|{{party color|New Zealand Labour Party}}|23.75}}
{{bar percent|Country|{{party color|Country Party (New Zealand)}}|1.25}}
{{bar percent|Independent|{{party color|Independent politician}}|6.25}}
}}
==Initial composition of the 23rd Parliament==
The United Party was organised in the House of Representatives, prior to the dissolution of the 22nd Parliament.
The ''[[Auckland Star]]'' reported on 18 September 1928, that:<ref>{{cite news |title=Leadership Settled |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=AS19280918.2.96 |access-date=12 December 2013 |work=[[Auckland Star]] |date=18 September 1928 |volume=LIX |issue=221 |page=9}}</ref>
<blockquote>...the United Party were assembled yesterday in Wellington when Sir Joseph Ward accepted the leadership of the party. It had previously been decided, by unanimous resolution, that the party should go to the polls as "The United Party"...</blockquote>
''[[The Evening Post (New Zealand)|The Evening Post]]'' newspaper reported on the same day that:<ref>{{cite news |title=New Leader Takes His Seat |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=EP19280918.2.110.2 |access-date=12 December 2013 |work=[[The Evening Post (New Zealand)|The Evening Post]] |date=18 September 1928 |volume=CVI |issue=58 |page=13}}</ref>
<blockquote>The Rt. Hon. Sir Joseph Ward took his seat as Leader of the United Party in the House of Representatives this afternoon, Mr G.W. Forbes, who has led the Nationalist Party up to the present, relinquishing his former place in favour of Sir Joseph. From now until the end of the session the Nationalist Party ceases to exist under that name.</blockquote>
<section begin="Electorate results" />'''Key'''
{{Party index link|United Party (New Zealand)}}
{{Party index link|Reform Party (New Zealand)}}
{{Party index link|New Zealand Labour Party}}
{{Party index link|Country Party (New Zealand)}}
{{Party index link|Liberal-Labour (New Zealand)}}
{{Party index link|Ratana}}
{{Party index link|Independent politician}}
{{NZ electorate result start|Electorate results for the 1928 New Zealand general election{{sfn|Skinner|1929|pp=1–7}}
}}
|-
|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | '''General electorates'''<!-- sort alphabetically by electorate -->
|-
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Auckland Central
|incumbent = [[Bill Parry (politician)|Bill Parry]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 3,024
|second = William Hewitt
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Auckland East
|incumbent = [[John A. Lee]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|winner = [[James Donald (politician)|James Donald]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 37
|second = [[John A. Lee]]
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result new
|electorate = Auckland Suburbs
|winner = [[Rex Mason]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 1,098
|second = [[James Gunson|Sir James Gunson]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Auckland West
|incumbent = [[Michael Joseph Savage]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 1,341
|second = Richard Speirs
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Avon
|incumbent = [[Dan Sullivan (New Zealand politician)|Dan Sullivan]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 3,845
|second = George Thomas Baker<ref name="Press 30 Oct">{{cite news |title=Electoral Notices |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=CHP19281030.2.143.6 |access-date=1 December 2014 |work=[[The Press]] |volume=LXIV |issue=19454 |date=30 October 1928 |page=15}}</ref>
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Awarua
|incumbent = [[John Ronald Hamilton|John Hamilton]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Philip De La Perrelle]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,005
|second = [[John Ronald Hamilton|John Hamilton]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Bay of Islands
|incumbent = [[Allen Bell]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Harold Rushworth]]
|winner-party = Country Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 2
|second = [[Allen Bell]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Bay of Plenty
|incumbent = [[Kenneth Williams (politician)|Kenneth Williams]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,867
|second = [[Alexander Moncur]]
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Buller
|incumbent = [[Harry Holland]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 3,617
|second = Dugald Macdonald Robertson<ref>{{cite web|title=Robertson, Dugald Macdonald, fl 1909-1971 : Papers<!-- Note that the heading is probably wrong, as Robertson died on 30 May 1944 --> | url=http://natlib.govt.nz/records/22745178|publisher=[[National Library of New Zealand]]|access-date=20 December 2014}}</ref>
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result new
|electorate = Central Otago
|winner = [[William Bodkin (New Zealand politician)|William Bodkin]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 653
|second = James Ritchie<ref>{{cite news |title=Notice of nominations received and polling places appointed |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/DUNST19281105.2.41.3 |access-date=17 February 2020 |work=Dunstan Times |issue=3395 |date=5 November 1928 |page=6}}</ref>
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Chalmers
|incumbent = [[James Dickson (New Zealand politician)|James Dickson]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Alfred Ansell]]
|winner-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 619
|second = Norman Hartley Campbell
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Christchurch East
|incumbent = [[Tim Armstrong (politician)|Tim Armstrong]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 2,260
|second = Denis Franklyn Dennehy<ref name="Christchurch Nominations">{{cite news | url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=CHP19281026.2.109 | title=Christchurch Nominations | work=[[The Press]] | date=26 October 1928 | access-date=20 December 2014 | volume=LXIV | issue=19451 | page=14}}</ref>
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Christchurch North
|incumbent = [[Henry Holland (mayor)|Henry Holland]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,892
|second = [[Ernest Andrews (politician)|Ernest Andrews]]
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Christchurch South
|incumbent = [[Ted Howard (politician)|Ted Howard]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 433
|second = Charlie McCully<ref>{{cite news |title=Straight Grained |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NZTR19281108.2.30 |access-date=2 November 2014 |work=[[New Zealand Truth]] |issue=1197 |date=8 November 1928 |page=6}}</ref>
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Clutha
|incumbent = [[Fred Waite (politician)|Fred Waite]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 523
|second = Joseph Stephens<ref>{{cite news |title=Labour's Candidates |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=MW19221122.2.11 |access-date=26 January 2014 |work=[[Maoriland Worker]] |date=22 November 1922 |volume=12 |issue=299 |page=12}}</ref>
|second-party = Liberal-Labour (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Dunedin Central
|incumbent = [[Charles Statham|Sir Charles Statham]]
|incumbent-party = Independent politician
|majority = 1,771
|second = John Robinson<ref>{{cite news |title=Nominations |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ODT19281027.2.36?end_date=19-12-1928&items_per_page=100&page=2&query=Robinson |access-date=17 February 2020 |work=[[Otago Daily Times]] |issue=20550 |date=27 October 1928 |page=9}}</ref>
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Dunedin North
|incumbent = [[Harold Tapley]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Jim Munro (politician)|Jim Munro]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 1,231
|second = [[Harold Tapley]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Dunedin South
|incumbent = [[Thomas Sidey]]
|incumbent-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[William Taverner (New Zealand politician)|William Taverner]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 33
|second = [[Robert William Hall]]<ref name="Dunedin electorates">{{cite news |title=The election : nomination day |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ESD19281029.2.55 |access-date=17 February 2020 |work=[[Evening Star (Dunedin)|Evening Star]] |issue=20009 |date=29 October 1928 |page=7}}</ref>
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Dunedin West
|incumbent = [[William Downie Stewart Jr|Downie Stewart]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,277
|second = Cornelius Machin Moss<ref name="Dunedin electorates" />
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Eden
|incumbent = [[Rex Mason]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|winner = [[Arthur Stallworthy]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 2,436
|second = [[Vivian Potter]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Egmont
|incumbent = [[Oswald Hawken]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Charles Wilkinson (New Zealand politician)|Charles Wilkinson]]
|winner-party = Independent politician
|majority = 1,286
|second = [[Oswald Hawken]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Franklin
|incumbent = [[Ewen McLennan]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Jack Massey (politician)|Jack Massey]]
|winner-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 134
|second = Harry Mellsop
|second-party = Country Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Gisborne
|incumbent = [[Douglas Lysnar]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Douglas Lysnar]] (Ind R)
|winner-party = Independent politician
|majority = 346
|second = [[David Coleman (New Zealand politician)|David Coleman]]
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Grey Lynn
|incumbent = [[Fred Bartram]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|winner = [[John Fletcher (New Zealand politician)|John Fletcher]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 64
|second = [[Fred Bartram]]
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Hamilton
|incumbent = [[Alexander Young (New Zealand politician)|Alexander Young]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,073
|second = Samuel Charles Gale Lye<ref>{{cite news |title=Election Candidates |url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NZH19280507.2.96 |access-date=20 December 2014 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |volume=LXV |issue=19939 |date=7 May 1928 |page=10}}</ref>
|second-party = Liberal-Labour (New Zealand)
}}
|-
| [[Hauraki (New Zealand general electorate)|Hauraki]]
| colspan=2 style="text-align:center; background-color:#ececec;" | New electorate
| style="background-color:{{party color|Reform Party (New Zealand)}};" |
| style="text-align:center;background-color:{{Reform Party (New Zealand)/meta/shading}};" | '''[[Arthur Hall (New Zealand politician)|Arthur Hall]]'''
| style="text-align:right;" | 891
| style="background-color:{{party color|United Party (New Zealand)}};" |
| style="text-align:center;" | Ebenezer Allan
|-
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Hawke's Bay
|incumbent = [[Hugh Campbell (New Zealand politician)|Hugh Campbell]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 690
|second = [[Jack Lyon]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Death in Action |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NZH19410606.2.111.2 |access-date=29 June 2014 |volume=LXXVIII |issue=23984 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=6 June 1941 |page=9}}</ref>
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Hurunui
|incumbent = [[George Forbes (New Zealand politician)|George Forbes]]
|incumbent-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,839
|second = Leslie Robert Cathcart Macfarlane<ref>{{cite news |title=Electoral notices |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19281030.2.143.5 |access-date=18 February 2020 |work=[[The Press]] |volume=LXIV |issue=19454 |date=30 October 1928 |page=15}}</ref>
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Hutt
|incumbent = [[Thomas Wilford]]
|incumbent-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,305
|second = [[Walter Nash]]
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Invercargill
|incumbent = [[Joseph Ward|Sir Joseph Ward, Bt.]]
|incumbent-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 3,178
|second = Morell Macalister<!-- Some sources list Macalister as an independent -->
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Kaiapoi
|incumbent = [[David Buddo]]
|incumbent-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Richard Hawke]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 96
|second = [[James Arthur Flesher]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Kaipara
|incumbent = [[Gordon Coates]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 2,475
|second = [[Jim Barclay (politician)|Jim Barclay]]
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Lyttelton
|incumbent = [[James McCombs]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 1,867
|second = [[John Beanland]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Manawatu
|incumbent = [[Joseph Linklater]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,466
|second = Patrick James Small<ref>{{cite news |title=General notices |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/MT19281030.2.111.6 |access-date=18 February 2020 |work=Manawatu Times |volume=LIII |issue=6748 |date=30 October 1928 |page=16}}</ref>
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Manukau
|incumbent = [[Bill Jordan (politician)|Bill Jordan]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 3,659
|second = <!-- Walter Thomas Foster -->Kells Mason<ref>{{cite news |title=Electoral |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19281029.2.23.4 |access-date=18 February 2020 |work=[[Auckland Star]] |volume=LIX |issue=256 |date=29 October 1928 |page=5}}</ref>
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Marsden
|incumbent = [[William Jones (New Zealand politician)|William Jones]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Alfred Murdoch]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 450
|second = [[William Jones (New Zealand politician)|William Jones]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Masterton
|incumbent = [[George Sykes (New Zealand politician)|George Sykes]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,238
|second = William Thompson<ref>{{cite news |title=Notice of nominations received and polling places appointed |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/WDT19281030.2.17.5 |access-date=18 February 2020 | page=4 |work=[[Wairarapa Daily Times]] |date=30 October 1928}}</ref>
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Mataura
|incumbent = [[George James Anderson|George Anderson]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[David McDougall]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 62
|second = [[George James Anderson|George Anderson]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result new
|electorate = Mid-Canterbury
|winner = [[David Jones (New Zealand politician)|David Jones]]
|winner-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 55
|second = [[Jeremiah Connolly]]
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Motueka
|incumbent = [[Richard Hudson (New Zealand politician)|Richard Hudson]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[George Black (New Zealand politician)|George Black]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 613
|second = [[Richard Hudson (New Zealand politician)|Richard Hudson]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Napier
|incumbent = [[John Mason (New Zealand politician)|John Mason]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Bill Barnard]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 418
|second = [[John Mason (New Zealand politician)|John Mason]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Nelson
|incumbent = [[Harry Atmore]]
|incumbent-party = Independent politician
|majority = 2,309
|second = Frederick William Oscar Smith
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result new
|electorate = New Plymouth
|winner = [[Sydney George Smith|Sydney Smith]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,467
|second = [[Charles Bellringer]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Oamaru
|incumbent = [[Ernest Lee]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[John Andrew MacPherson|John Macpherson]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 337
|second = [[Ernest Lee]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Oroua
|incumbent = [[John Gordon Eliott|John Eliott]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[John Cobbe]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 732
|second = [[John Gordon Eliott|John Eliott]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Otaki
|incumbent = [[William Hughes Field|William Field]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 813
|second = Archibald Burnett Sievwright
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Pahiatua
|incumbent = [[Alfred Ransom]]
|incumbent-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 922
|second = [[Harold Smith (New Zealand politician)|Harold Smith]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Palmerston
|incumbent = [[Jimmy Nash]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 2,350
|second = Walter Bromley
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Parnell
|incumbent = [[James Samuel Dickson|James S. Dickson]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Harry Reginald Jenkins|Harry Jenkins]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 849
|second = [[James Samuel Dickson|James S. Dickson]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Patea
|incumbent = [[Harold Dickie]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 182
|second = James Douglas Hislop<ref>{{cite news |title=Patea |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=EP19281019.2.112.16 |access-date=1 December 2014 |work=[[The Evening Post (New Zealand)|The Evening Post]] |volume=CVI |issue=85 |date=19 October 1928 |page=11}}</ref>
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Raglan
|incumbent = [[Lee Martin (politician)|Lee Martin]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 1,041
|second = Walter Seavill<ref>{{cite news |title=General election : date drawing nearer |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/FRTIM19281029.2.17 |access-date=19 February 2020 |work=Franklin Times |volume=XVIII |issue=124 |date=29 October 1928 |page=5}}</ref>
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Rangitikei
|incumbent = [[Billy Glenn]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[James Thomas Hogan|James Hogan]]
|winner-party = Independent politician
|majority = 1,234
|second = [[Billy Glenn]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Riccarton
|incumbent = [[Bert Kyle]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 45
|second = Archibald Albany McLachlan<ref name="Christchurch Nominations" />
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Roskill
|incumbent = [[Vivian Potter]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[George Munns]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 2,344
|second = [[Arthur Shapton Richards|Arthur Richards]]
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Rotorua
|incumbent = [[Frank Hockly]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Cecil Clinkard]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 200
|second = [[Frank Hockly]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Stratford
|incumbent = [[Edward Walter]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[William Polson]]
|winner-party = Independent politician
|majority = 982
|second = [[Edward Walter]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Tauranga
|incumbent = [[Charles Macmillan]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 678
|second = Douglas Charles Chalmers<ref>{{cite news |title=Declarations of result of poll for the electoral district of Tauranga |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/BOPT19281124.2.3.3 |access-date=26 February 2020 |work=[[Bay of Plenty Times]] |volume=LVII |issue=9936 |date=24 November 1928 |page=1}}</ref>
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Temuka
|incumbent = [[Thomas Burnett (New Zealand politician)|Thomas Burnett]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 86
|second = Thomas Herbert Langford<!-- also stood in Temuka in 1922, and in Riccarton in 1938 -->
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Thames
|incumbent = [[Thomas William Rhodes|Thomas Rhodes]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Albert Samuel]]
|winner-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,302
|second = John Sommerville Montgomerie<ref>{{cite news |title=Public notices |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/WHDT19281101.2.18.5 |access-date=26 February 2020 |work=[[Waihi Daily Telegraph]] |volume=XXV |issue=7769 |date=1 November 1928 |page=3}}</ref>
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Timaru
|incumbent = [[Frank Rolleston]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Clyde Carr]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 467
|second = [[Frank Rolleston]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Waikato
|incumbent = [[Stewart Reid]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Frederick Lye]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 86
|second = [[Stewart Reid]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Waimarino
|incumbent = [[Robert William Smith (politician)|Robert Smith]]
|incumbent-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Frank Langstone]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 985
|second = [[Robert William Smith (politician)|Robert Smith]]
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Waipawa
|incumbent = [[George Hunter (politician, born 1859)|Sir George Hunter]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,860
|second = Ernest Albert Goodger<ref>{{cite news | url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=EP19300326.2.151 | title=Personal Items | work=[[The Evening Post (New Zealand)|The Evening Post]] | date=26 March 1930 | access-date=20 December 2014 | volume=CIX | issue=72 | page=13}}</ref>
|second-party = Independent politician
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Wairarapa
|incumbent = [[Alex McLeod (politician)|Alex McLeod]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Thomas William McDonald|Thomas McDonald]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 566
|second = [[Alex McLeod (politician)|Alex McLeod]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Wairau
|incumbent = [[William Girling]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Edward Healy]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 292
|second = [[William Girling]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Waitaki
|incumbent = [[John Bitchener]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,202
|second = [[Frederick Cooke (socialist)|Frederick Cooke]]
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Waitemata
|incumbent = [[Alexander Harris (New Zealand politician)|Alexander Harris]]
|incumbent-party = Independent politician
|majority = 315
|second = Reginald Greville
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Waitomo
|incumbent = [[John Rolleston (New Zealand politician)|John Rolleston]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Walter Broadfoot]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 532
|second = [[John Rolleston (New Zealand politician)|John Rolleston]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Wallace
|incumbent = [[Adam Hamilton]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 20
|second = Walter Taylor
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Wanganui
|incumbent = [[Bill Veitch]]
|incumbent-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 2,137
|second = [[Bill Rogers (New Zealand politician)|Bill Rogers]]
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Wellington Central
|incumbent = [[Peter Fraser]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 3,458
|second = <!-- Andrew was his given name but I think his middle name is his common name; he founded the auction house of this name in 1919 --> Dunbar Sloane
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Wellington East
|incumbent = [[Thomas Forsyth (New Zealand politician)|Thomas Forsyth]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Bob Semple]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 966
|second = [[Thomas Forsyth (New Zealand politician)|Thomas Forsyth]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Wellington North
|incumbent = [[John Luke (New Zealand politician)|Sir John Luke]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Charles Chapman (New Zealand politician)|Charles Chapman]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 47
|second = [[John Luke (New Zealand politician)|Sir John Luke]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Wellington South
|incumbent = [[Robert McKeen]]
|incumbent-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 2,953
|second = [[Martin Luckie]]
|second-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Wellington Suburbs
|incumbent = [[Robert Wright (New Zealand politician)|Robert Wright]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,985
|second = [[Tom Brindle (politician)|Tom Brindle]]
|second-party = New Zealand Labour Party
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Westland
|incumbent = [[Tom Seddon]]
|incumbent-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[James O'Brien (New Zealand politician)|James O'Brien]]
|winner-party = New Zealand Labour Party
|majority = 185
|second = [[Tom Seddon]]
|second-party = United Party (New Zealand)
}}
|-
|colspan=8 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | '''[[Māori electorates]]'''<!-- sort alphabetically by electorate -->
|-
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Eastern Maori
|incumbent = [[Āpirana Ngata|Sir Āpirana Ngata]]
|incumbent-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 3,104
|second = [[Pita Moko]]
|second-party = Ratana
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Northern Maori
|incumbent = [[Taurekareka Henare]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 880
|second = [[Paraire Karaka Paikea]]
|second-party = Ratana
}}
{{NZ electorate result change
|electorate = Southern Maori
|incumbent = [[Henare Uru]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|winner = [[Tuiti Makitanara]]
|winner-party = United Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1
|second = [[Eruera Tirikatene]]
|second-party = Ratana
}}
{{NZ electorate result hold
|electorate = Western Maori
|incumbent = [[Māui Pōmare|Sir Māui Pōmare]]
|incumbent-party = Reform Party (New Zealand)
|majority = 1,599
|second = [[Toko Ratana]]
|second-party = Ratana
}}
|}<section end="Electorate results" />
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
*{{cite book |last= Bassett |first= Michael |title= Three Party Politics in New Zealand 1911–1931 |author-link=Michael Bassett |year= 1982 |publisher=Historical Publications |location= Auckland |isbn= 0-86870-006-1 }}
*{{cite book |last1=Mackie |first1=Thomas T. |last2=Rose |first2=Richard |title= The International Almanac of Electoral History, 3rd edition |publisher=Macmillan |year=1991}}
*{{cite book |last=Skinner | first=W. A. G. |title=The General Election, 1928 |year=1929 |publisher=Government Printer |url= https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1929-I.2.3.2.37 |access-date=4 December 2013}}
*{{cite book |last= Wilson |first= James Oakley |title= New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 |edition= 4th |orig-year= First ed. published 1913 |year= 1985 |publisher=V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer |location= Wellington |oclc=154283103}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=EP19281115.1.5 Photos of Members of Parliament] as elected in November 1928
{{New Zealand elections}}
[[Category:1928 New Zealand general election| ]]
| 1,264,071,016 |
[{"title": "1928 New Zealand general election", "data": {"\u2190 1925": "13 (M\u0101ori) & 14 November (general) 1928 \u00b7 1931 \u2192"}}, {"title": "All 80 seats in the House of Representatives \u00b7 41 seats were needed for a majority", "data": {"Turnout": "88.01%", "Leader": ["Sir Joseph Ward \u00b7 Gordon Coates", "Harry Holland \u00b7 Harold Rushworth"], "Party": ["United \u00b7 Reform", "Labour \u00b7 Country Party"], "Leader since": ["17 September 1928 \u00b7 27 May 1925", "27 August 1919 \u00b7 November 1928"], "Leader's seat": ["Invercargill \u00b7 Kaipara", "Buller \u00b7 Bay of Islands"], "Last election": ["11 seats, 22.4% \u00b7 55 seats, 47.7%", "12 seats, 27.2% \u00b7 0 seats, 0.3%"], "Seats won": ["27 \u00b7 28", "19 \u00b7 1"], "Seat change": ["16 \u00b7 27", "7 \u00b7 1"], "Popular vote": ["225,042 \u00b7 263,382", "198,092 \u00b7 11,990"], "Percentage": ["29.75% \u00b7 34.82%", "26.19% \u00b7 1.59%"], "Swing": ["7.26% \u00b7 9.97%", "3.50% \u00b7 1.24%"], "All 80 seats in the House of Representatives \u00b7 41 seats were needed for a majority": "Results of the election.", "Prime Minister before election \u00b7 Gordon Coates \u00b7 Reform": "Subsequent Prime Minister \u00b7 Joseph Ward \u00b7 United"}}]
| false |
# 1801 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1801.
## Events
- April 1 – A letter from "the author of Génie du christianisme" (François-René de Chateaubriand) is published in Le Publiciste, Chateaubriand having returned to France the previous year under an amnesty issued to émigrés.[1]
- April 2 – Battle of Copenhagen: In recognition of the English attack on Copenhagen, Adam Oehlenschläger produces his first dramatic sketch April the Second 1801.[2]
- April – John Borthwick Gilchrist is appointed a professor at Fort William College in Calcutta, India, where he establishes the Hindusthani Press.[3][4]
- May – Jane Austen moves with her family to Bath.[5]
- unknown dates
- The second edition of Specimens of the Early English Poets, edited by George Ellis and covering poems from the Old English through to the 17th century, is influential in acquainting the general reading public with Middle English poetry, going through a further 4 editions.[6]
- The first complete Bible translation into Scottish Gaelic, Am Bìoball Gàidhlig, is published.
## New books
### Fiction
- François-René de Chateaubriand – Atala
- Sophie Ristaud Cottin – Malvina
- Anne Seymour Damer – Belmour
- Maria Edgeworth – Belinda
- Elizabeth Helme – St. Margaret's Cave
- Rachel Hunter – Letitia
- Isabella Kelly – Ruthinglenne
- Sophia King – The Fatal Secret
- Mary Meeke – Which is the Man
- Amelia Opie – The Father and Daughter
- Eliza Parsons – The Peasant of Ardenne Forest[7]
### Children
- Christoph von Schmid – Biblische Geschichte für Kinder (Bible Stories for Children)[8]
- Priscilla Wakefield – The Juvenile Travellers: Containing the Remarks of a Family during a Tour through the Principal States and Kingdoms of Europe
### Drama
- Heinrich Joseph von Collin – Regulus[9]
- George Colman the Younger – The Poor Gentleman
- William Godwin – Abbas, King of Persia (written)
- Matthew Lewis
- Adelmorn, the Outlaw
- Alfonso, King of Castile
- Thomas Moore and Michael Kelly (tenor) – The Gypsy Prince
- Frederick Reynolds – Folly as it Flies
- Friedrich Schiller
- The Maid of Orleans (Die Jungfrau von Orleans)
- Maria Stuart
- William Sotheby – Julian and Agnes
### Poetry
- Henry James Pye – Alfred
- William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge – Lyrical Ballads (2nd edition, dated 1800)
### Non-fiction
- Francis Barrett – The Magus, or Celestial Intelligencer
- Elizabeth Hamilton – Letters on the Elementary Principles of Education
- Arthur Murphy – Life of David Garrick
- Jane West – Letters to a Young Man
## Births
- January 14 – Jane Welsh Carlyle, Scottish writer, wife of Thomas Carlyle (died 1866)[10]
- February 13 – János Kardos, Hungarian evangelical priest, teacher and writer (died 1875)
- February 16 – Frederic Madden, English palaeographer (died 1873)
- February 21 – Cardinal John Henry Newman, English theologian and autobiographer (died 1890)
- March 4 – Karl Rudolf Hagenbach, Swiss theologian and historian (died 1874)
- March 15 – George Perkins Marsh, American philologist (died 1882)
- May 9 – Ulrika von Strussenfelt, Swedish novelist (died 1873)
- May 31 – Johann Georg Baiter, Swiss philologist and textual critic (died 1877)[11]
- June 24 – Caroline Clive, English writer (died 1873)[12]
- August 10 – Christian Hermann Weisse, German Protestant religious philosopher (died 1866)
- September 4 – Alfred d'Orsay, French wit and dandy (died 1852)
- September 7 – Hortense Allart, Milanese-born French feminist novelist (died 1879)[13]
- November 3 – Karl Baedeker, German guidebook publisher (died 1859)[14]
- November 10 – Vladimir Dal, Russian lexicographer (died 1872)
- November 22 – Abraham Hayward, English man of letters (died 1884)
- November 24 – Ludwig Bechstein, German writer and collector of folk tales (died 1860)[15]
- December 4 – Karl Ludwig Michelet, German philosopher (died 1893)
- December 7 – Johann Nestroy, Austrian dramatist (died 1862)
- December 11 – Christian Dietrich Grabbe, German dramatist (died 1836)[16]
- December 12 – Edward Moxon, English poet and publisher (died 1858)
- unknown dates
- Franciszek Ksawery Godebski, Polish writer (died 1869)
- Cynthia Taggart, American poet (died 1849)[17]
## Deaths
- January 2 – Johann Kaspar Lavater, Swiss poet (born 1741)
- January 9 – Margaretta Faugères, American playwright, poet and political activist (born 1771)
- January 13 – Robert Orme, English historian of India (born 1728)
- March 14 – Ignacy Krasicki, Polish poet and prince-bishop (born 1735)
- March 21 – John Holt, English scholar (born 1743)
- March 25 – Novalis, German poet (born 1772)[18]
- April 11 – Antoine de Rivarol, French scholar and epigrammatist (born 1753)
- September 1 – Robert Bage, English novelist (born 1728)
- September 7 – Giovanni Andrea Lazzarini, Italian painter, poet and art historian (born 1710)
- September 23 – Thomas Nowell, Welsh-born controversialist and historian (born c. 1730)[19]
- November 5 – Motoori Norinaga, Japanese philologist and scholar (born 1730)[20]
- December 25 – Hester Chapone, English writer of conduct books (born 1727)[21]
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{More citations needed|date=July 2013}}
{{Year nav topic5|1801|literature|poetry}}
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1801.
==Events==
*[[April 1]] – A letter from "the author of ''Génie du christianisme''" ([[François-René de Chateaubriand]]) is published in ''Le Publiciste'', Chateaubriand having returned to France the previous year under an amnesty issued to ''[[émigré]]s''.<ref>{{cite book |author=François-René de Chateaubriand |title=Atala. René les Natchez |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5bdlSFoAxGgC&pg=PT498 |date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Le Livre de Poche |isbn=978-2-253-09467-8 |pages=498–}}</ref>
*[[April 2]] – [[Battle of Copenhagen (1801)|Battle of Copenhagen]]: In recognition of the English attack on Copenhagen, [[Adam Oehlenschläger]] produces his first dramatic sketch ''April the Second 1801''.<ref>{{cite book |author=Charles Knight |title=The English Cyclopædia: A New Dictionary of Universal Knowledge. Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RpplAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA627 |year=1857 |publisher=Bradbury & Evans |pages=2}}</ref>
*April – [[John Gilchrist (linguist)|John Borthwick Gilchrist]] is appointed a professor at [[Fort William College]] in [[Calcutta]], India, where he establishes the Hindusthani Press.<ref>{{cite book |last=Das |first=Sisir Kumar |chapter=A Chronology of Literary Events, 1800–1910 |title=A History of Indian Literature: Western Impact, Indian Response, 1800–1910 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas Roebuck|title=The Annals of the College of Fort William: From the Period of Its Foundation to the Present Time|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xrc7PHs3O2QC&pg=RA1-PA53|date=18 April 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-05604-5|pages=53}}</ref>
*May – [[Jane Austen]] moves with her family to [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]].<ref>{{citation |first=Gill |last=Ballinger |url=http://www.jasna.org/persuasions/on-line/vol34no1/ballinger.html |title=Austen's Bath and Bath's Jane |work=Persuasions On-line |publisher=Jane Austen Society of North America |volume=34 |issue=1 |date=Winter 2013 |accessdate=2014-06-05}}</ref>
*''unknown dates''
**The second edition of ''Specimens of the Early English Poets'', edited by [[George Ellis (poet)|George Ellis]] and covering poems from the [[Old English]] through to the 17th century, is influential in acquainting the general reading public with [[Middle English]] poetry, going through a further 4 editions.<ref>{{cite book |author=Jane Campbell |title=The Retrospective Review (1820-1828) and the Revival of Seventeenth Century Poetry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JF09DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 |date=1 January 2006 |publisher=Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press |isbn=978-0-88920-866-7 |pages=8–}}</ref>
**The first complete [[Bible translations into Scottish Gaelic|Bible translation into Scottish Gaelic]], ''Am Bìoball Gàidhlig'', is published.
==New books==
===Fiction===
*[[François-René de Chateaubriand]] – ''[[Atala (novella)|Atala]]''
*[[Sophie Ristaud Cottin]] – ''Malvina''
*[[Anne Seymour Damer]] – ''Belmour''
*[[Maria Edgeworth]] – ''[[Belinda (Edgeworth novel)|Belinda]]''
*[[Elizabeth Helme]] – ''St. Margaret's Cave''
*[[Rachel Hunter (author)|Rachel Hunter]] – ''Letitia''
*[[Isabella Kelly]] – ''Ruthinglenne''
*[[Sophia King (author)|Sophia King]] – ''The Fatal Secret''
*[[Mary Meeke]] – ''Which is the Man''
*[[Amelia Opie]] – ''The Father and Daughter''
*[[Eliza Parsons]] – ''The Peasant of Ardenne Forest''<ref>{{cite book |author=Kamilla Elliott |title=Portraiture and British Gothic Fiction: The Rise of Picture Identification, 1764–1835 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=loa61PdA7nYC&pg=PA200 |date=19 October 2012 |publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-1-4214-0717-3 |pages=200}}</ref>
===Children===
*[[Christoph von Schmid]] – ''Biblische Geschichte für Kinder'' (Bible Stories for Children)<ref>{{cite book |author1=Walther Killy |author-link=Walther Killy |author2=Rudolf Vierhaus |author2-link=Rudolf Vierhaus |title=Plett - Schmidseder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkoK_108xJkC&pg=PT769 |date=30 November 2011 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-096630-5 |pages=769}}</ref>
*[[Priscilla Wakefield]] – ''The Juvenile Travellers: Containing the Remarks of a Family during a Tour through the Principal States and Kingdoms of Europe''
===Drama===
*[[Heinrich Joseph von Collin]] – ''Regulus''<ref>{{cite book |title=A History of German Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=789HjQcBNDkC&pg=PA311 |publisher=Ardent Media |pages=311 |id=GGKEY:WDSFB5WXYFD}}</ref>
*[[George Colman the Younger]] – ''[[The Poor Gentleman]]''
*[[William Godwin]] – ''Abbas, King of Persia'' (written)
*[[Matthew Lewis (writer)|Matthew Lewis]]
** ''[[Adelmorn, the Outlaw]]''
** ''[[Alfonso, King of Castile]]''
*[[Thomas Moore]] and [[Michael Kelly (tenor)]] – ''[[The Gypsy Prince]]''
* [[Frederick Reynolds (writer)|Frederick Reynolds]] – ''[[Folly as it Flies]]''
*[[Friedrich Schiller]]
**''[[The Maid of Orleans (play)|The Maid of Orleans]] (Die Jungfrau von Orleans)''
**''[[Maria Stuart (play)|Maria Stuart]]''
* [[William Sotheby]] – ''[[Julian and Agnes]]''
===Poetry===
*[[Henry James Pye]] – ''Alfred''
*[[William Wordsworth]] and [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] – ''[[Lyrical Ballads]]'' (2nd edition, dated 1800)
===Non-fiction===
*[[Francis Barrett (occultist)|Francis Barrett]] – ''[[The Magus (handbook)|The Magus, or Celestial Intelligencer]]''
*[[Elizabeth Hamilton (writer)|Elizabeth Hamilton]] – ''Letters on the Elementary Principles of Education''
*[[Arthur Murphy (writer)|Arthur Murphy]] – ''Life of [[David Garrick]]''
*[[Jane West (novelist)|Jane West]] – ''Letters to a Young Man''
==Births==
*[[January 14]] – [[Jane Welsh Carlyle]], Scottish writer, wife of [[Thomas Carlyle]] (died [[1866 in literature|1866]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/1f4f4b32-0fea-3a1f-98d2-7b917a7ba7bb#|title=Correspondence of Jane Baillie Welsh Carlyle (1801-1866)|website=JISC Archives Hub|access-date=22 February 2024}}</ref>
*[[February 13]] – [[János Kardos]], [[Hungarian Slovenes|Hungarian]] evangelical priest, teacher and writer (died [[1875 in literature|1875]])
*[[February 16]] – [[Frederic Madden]], English palaeographer (died [[1873 in literature|1873]])
*[[February 21]] – Cardinal [[John Henry Newman]], English theologian and autobiographer (died [[1890 in literature|1890]])
*[[March 4]] – [[Karl Rudolf Hagenbach]], Swiss theologian and historian (died [[1874 in literature|1874]])
*[[March 15]] – [[George Perkins Marsh]], American philologist (died [[1882 in literature|1882]])
*[[May 9]] – [[Ulrika von Strussenfelt]], Swedish novelist (died [[1873 in literature|1873]])
*[[May 31]] – [[Johann Georg Baiter]], Swiss philologist and textual critic (died [[1877 in literature|1877]])<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Baiter, Johann Georg}}</ref>
*[[June 24]] – [[Caroline Clive]], English writer (died [[1873 in literature|1873]])<ref>P. D. Edwards, "Clive , Caroline (1801–1873)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5693, retrieved 20 Feb 2008]</ref>
*[[August 10]] – [[Christian Hermann Weisse]], German Protestant religious philosopher (died [[1866 in literature|1866]])
*[[September 4]] – [[Alfred d'Orsay]], French wit and dandy (died [[1852 in literature|1852]])
*[[September 7]] – [[Hortense Allart]], Milanese-born French feminist novelist (died [[1879 in literature|1879]])<ref>Helynne Hollstein Hansen, ''Hortense Allart : the woman and the novelist'', Lanham, Md. : University Press of America, 1998. Page xix</ref>
*[[November 3]] – [[Karl Baedeker]], German guidebook publisher (died [[1859 in literature|1859]])<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Baedeker, Karl}}</ref>
*[[November 10]] – [[Vladimir Dal]], Russian lexicographer (died [[1872 in literature|1872]])
*[[November 22]] – [[Abraham Hayward]], English man of letters (died [[1884 in literature|1884]])
*[[November 24]] – [[Ludwig Bechstein]], German writer and collector of folk tales (died [[1860 in literature|1860]])<ref>{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Bechstein, Ludwig|year=1905}}</ref>
*[[December 4]] – [[Karl Ludwig Michelet]], German philosopher (died [[1893 in literature|1893]])
*[[December 7]] – [[Johann Nestroy]], Austrian dramatist (died [[1862 in literature|1862]])
*[[December 11]] – [[Christian Dietrich Grabbe]], German dramatist (died [[1836 in literature|1836]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lob |first1=Ladislaus |editor1-last=Konzett |editor1-first=Matthias |title=Encyclopedia of German Literature. |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1135941222 |pages=362–3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5uE4CQAAQBAJ&q=%22a+drunken+Shakespeare%22+Grabbe |accessdate=12 November 2019}}</ref>
*[[December 12]] – [[Edward Moxon]], English poet and publisher (died [[1858 in literature|1858]])
*''unknown dates''
**[[Franciszek Ksawery Godebski]], Polish writer (died [[1869 in literature|1869]])
**[[Cynthia Taggart]], American poet (died [[1849 in literature|1849]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Duzee|first=Edward P. Van|title=Catalogue of Poetry in the English Language: In the Grosvenor Library, Buffalo, N.Y.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FwEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA112|edition=Public domain|year=1902|publisher=Grosvenor Library (London, England)}}</ref>
==Deaths==
*[[January 2]] – [[Johann Kaspar Lavater]], Swiss poet (born [[1741 in literature|1741]])
*[[January 9]] – [[Margaretta Faugères]], American playwright, poet and political activist (born [[1771 in literature|1771]])
*[[January 13]] – [[Robert Orme]], English historian of India (born [[1728 in literature|1728]])
*[[March 14]] – [[Ignacy Krasicki]], Polish poet and prince-bishop (born [[1735 in literature|1735]])
*[[March 21]] – [[John Holt (author)|John Holt]], English scholar (born [[1743 in literature|1743]])
*[[March 25]] – [[Novalis]], German poet (born [[1772 in literature|1772]])<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Donehower, Bruce|date=2007|orig-year=1815|author-last=Tieck, Ludwig|author-link=Ludwig Tieck|chapter=Ludwig Tieck "Biography of Novalis, 1815|chapter-url={{Google books|id=UYpkY-G1f84C|page=126|plainurl=yes}}|title=The Birth of Novalis: Friedrich Von Hardenberg's Journal of 1797, with Selected Letters and Documents|publisher=Albany, NY: State University of New York Press|pages=126–136|isbn=9780791480687}}</ref>
*[[April 11]] – [[Antoine de Rivarol]], French scholar and epigrammatist (born [[1753 in literature|1753]])
*[[September 1]] – [[Robert Bage (novelist)|Robert Bage]], English novelist (born [[1728 in literature|1728]])
*[[September 7]] – [[Giovanni Andrea Lazzarini]], Italian painter, poet and art historian (born [[1710 in literature|1710]])
*[[September 23]] – [[Thomas Nowell]], Welsh-born controversialist and historian (born c. 1730)<ref name="Hardy1854">{{cite book |author=Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy |title=Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae, Or, A Calendar of the Principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales, and of the Chief Officers in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge: From the Earliest Time to Year MDCCXV |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TP8UAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA585 |year=1854 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=585}}</ref>
*[[November 5]] – [[Motoori Norinaga]], Japanese philologist and scholar (born [[1730 in literature|1730]])<ref>{{cite web |url= https://bunka.nii.ac.jp/heritages/detail/210420|title=本居宣長墓(樹敬寺)附 本居春庭墓|language=Japanese |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |accessdate=August 20, 2020}}</ref>
*[[December 25]] – [[Hester Chapone]], English writer of conduct books (born [[1727 in literature|1727]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Fanny Burney|title=The Journals and Letters of Fanny Burney (Madame D'Arblay) Volume V: West Humble and Paris, 1801-1803: Letters 423-549|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GC9aAAAAMAAJ|year=1972|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn=978-0-19-812467-2|page=106}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Year in literature article categories}}
| 1,272,704,018 |
[]
| false |
# 1782 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1782 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on 11 April 1782 in order to elect the Governor of Connecticut. Incumbent Nonpartisan Governor Jonathan Trumbull won a majority of the vote in his re-election bid against other candidates.
## General election
On election day, 11 April 1782, incumbent Nonpartisan Governor Jonathan Trumbull won re-election against other candidates. Trumbull was sworn in for his seventh term on 10 May 1782.
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------- | ----- | ------ |
| | Nonpartisan | Jonathan Trumbull (incumbent) | 3,025 | 50.16 |
| | | Scattering | 3,006 | 49.48 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 6,031 | 100.00 |
| | Nonpartisan hold | | | |
|
enwiki/76692082
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1782_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election
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en
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Q125784940
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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1782 Connecticut gubernatorial election
| country = Connecticut
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1781 Connecticut gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1781
| next_election = 1783 Connecticut gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1783
| election_date = 11 April 1782
| image1 = [[File:JohnTrumbull.jpg|125px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[Jonathan Trumbull]]'''
| party1 = Nonpartisan politician
| popular_vote1 = '''3,025'''
| percentage1 = '''50.16%'''
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Jonathan Trumbull]]
| before_party = Nonpartisan politician
| after_election = [[Jonathan Trumbull]]
| after_party = Nonpartisan politician
}}
{{ElectionsCT}}
The '''1782 Connecticut gubernatorial election''' was held on 11 April 1782 in order to elect the [[List of governors of Connecticut|Governor of Connecticut]]. [[Incumbent]] [[Nonpartisanship|Nonpartisan]] Governor [[Jonathan Trumbull]] won a majority of the vote in his re-election bid against other candidates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://museumofcthistory.org/2015/08/jonathan-trumbull/ |title=Governor Jonathan Trumbull |publisher=Connecticut State Library |date=July 2002 |access-date=21 April 2024}}</ref>
== General election ==
On election day, 11 April 1782, incumbent [[Nonpartisanship|Nonpartisan]] Governor [[Jonathan Trumbull]] won re-election against other candidates. Trumbull was sworn in for his seventh term on 10 May 1782.<ref name=GBN>{{cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=218625 |title=CT Governor |publisher=ourcampaigns.com |date=13 April 2005 |access-date=21 April 2024}}</ref>
=== Results ===
{{Election box begin no change | title=Connecticut gubernatorial election, 1782|
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Nonpartisan politician
|candidate = [[Jonathan Trumbull]] (incumbent)
|votes = 3,025
|percentage = 50.16
}}
{{Election box candidate no change|
|party =
|candidate = Scattering
|votes = 3,006
|percentage = 49.48
}}
{{Election box total no change|
|votes = 6,031
|percentage = 100.00
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|
|winner= Nonpartisan politician
|loser =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Connecticut elections}}
[[Category:Connecticut gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:1782 Connecticut elections|gov]]
[[Category:United States gubernatorial elections in the 1780s]]
[[Category:Non-partisan elections]]
| 1,271,196,937 |
[{"title": "1782 Connecticut gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1781": "11 April 1782 \u00b7 1783 \u2192", "Nominee": "Jonathan Trumbull", "Party": "Nonpartisan", "Popular vote": "3,025", "Percentage": "50.16%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Jonathan Trumbull \u00b7 Nonpartisan": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Jonathan Trumbull \u00b7 Nonpartisan"}}]
| false |
# 1929 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
The 1929 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the second staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928.
Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Tipperary in the Munster semi-final.
On 16 February 1930, Waterford won the championship following a 5-00 to 1-01 defeat of Meath in the All-Ireland final. This was their first All-Ireland title.
## Results
### Leinster Minor Hurling Championship
Final
| 8 September 1929 Final | Meath | 10-01 - 6-01 | Kilkenny | Tullamore Sportsfield, Tullamore |
### Munster Minor Hurling Championship
Final
| 3 November 1929 Final | Waterford | 7-05 - 1-02 | Tipperary | Waterford Sportsfield, Waterford |
### All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship
Final
| 16 February 1930 Final | Waterford | 5-00 - 1-01 | Meath | Croke Park, Dublin |
| | | | | Referee: J Walsh (Dublin) |
## Championship statistics
### Miscellaneous
- The All-Ireland final between Meath and Waterford remains their only ever championship meeting.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929_All-Ireland_Minor_Hurling_Championship
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en
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Q4727864
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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox All-Ireland Hurling
| type = Minor
| year = 1929
| image =
| dates =
| teams =
| connacht =
| munster = Waterford
| leinster = Meath
| ulster =
| matches =
| poty =
| team = Waterford
| titles = 1st
| captain =
| manager =
| team2 = Meath
| captain2 =
| manager2 =
| totalgoals =
| totalpoints =
| topscorer =
| previous = [[1928 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship|1928]]
| next = [[1930 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship|1930]]
}}
The '''1929 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship''' was the second staging of the [[All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship]] since its establishment by the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] in 1928.
[[Cork GAA|Cork]] entered the championship as the [[1928 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship|defending champions]], however, they were beaten by [[Tipperary GAA|Tipperary]] in the Munster semi-final.
On 16 February 1930, [[Waterford GAA|Waterford]] won the championship following a 5-00 to 1-01 defeat of [[Meath GAA|Meath]] in the All-Ireland final.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.the42.ie/minor-hurling-preview-1068827-Sep2013/|title=10 things to know about Sunday's All-Ireland minor hurling final|publisher=The 42|accessdate=8 July 2017|date=6 September 2013|first=Michael|last=O'Neill}}</ref> This was their first All-Ireland title.
==Results==
===[[Leinster Minor Hurling Championship]]===
'''Final'''
{{footballbox collapsible
| date = 8 September 1929
| round = Final
| team1 = [[Meath GAA|Meath]]
| score = 10-01 - 6-01
| team2 = [[Kilkenny GAA|Kilkenny]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[O'Connor Park|Tullamore Sportsfield]], [[Tullamore]]
| referee =
}}
===[[Munster Minor Hurling Championship]]===
'''Final'''
{{footballbox collapsible
| date = 3 November 1929
| round = Final
| team1 = [[Waterford GAA|Waterford]]
| score = 7-05 - 1-02
| team2 = [[Tipperary GAA|Tipperary]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Walsh Park|Waterford Sportsfield]], [[Waterford]]
| referee =
}}
===[[All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship]]===
'''Final'''
{{footballbox collapsible
| date = 16 February 1930
| round = Final
| team1 = [[Waterford GAA|Waterford]]
| score = 5-00 - 1-01
| team2 = [[Meath GAA|Meath]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[Croke Park]], [[Dublin]]
| referee = J Walsh (Dublin)
}}
==Championship statistics==
===Miscellaneous===
* The All-Ireland final between [[Meath GAA|Meath]] and [[Waterford GAA|Waterford]] remains their only ever championship meeting.
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship}}
[[Category:1929 in hurling|Minor]]
[[Category:All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship]]
{{Hurling-competition-stub}}
| 1,168,573,720 |
[{"title": "All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship 1929", "data": {"Winners": "Waterford (1st win)"}}, {"title": "All Ireland Runners-up", "data": {"Runners-up": "Meath"}}, {"title": "Provincial Champions", "data": {"Munster": "Waterford", "Leinster": "Meath", "Ulster": "Not Played", "Connacht": "Not Played"}}]
| false |
# 1210s in England
Events from the 1210s in England.
## Incumbents
- Monarch – John (to 19 October 1216), then Henry III
## Events
- 1210
- 20 June – King John lands at Waterford. He later builds castles, including the first stone castle at Dublin, and appoints Justiciars over Ireland.[1]
- c. November – three "leopards" (probably lions) given to Henry III by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, become the first creatures in the menagerie at the Tower of London.[2]
- 1211
- June – King John campaigns against Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great.[3]
- English occupy Ceredigion and build Aberystwyth Castle.[1]
- King John sends a gift of herrings to nunneries in almost every shire despite his status as an excommunicant.[4]
- 1212
- June – Welsh rebels burn Aberystwyth Castle.[1]
- 10 July – the most severe of several early fires of London burns most of the city to the ground.
- November – John sends a peace mission to Pope Innocent III in a dispute over who would become the next Archbishop of Canterbury.
- First defended dockyard at Portsmouth built.
- 1213
- King John becomes the first English monarch recorded as giving gifts of Royal Maundy money to the poor, at Rochester, Kent.[5][6]
- 13 May – the interdict on England is lifted by the papal legate when King John accepts Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury.[3]
- 30 May – Battle of Damme: English fleet under William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury destroys a French fleet off the Flemish port of Damme.[1]
- 3 June – King John and Llywelyn the Great sign a truce.[3]
- 15 November – a council of knights is held in Oxford.[3]
- Beverley Minster's central tower collapses; rebuilding commences in 1214.
- 1214
- 15 February – John lands an invasion force at La Rochelle.[1]
- 13 April (approx.) – Simon of Apulia elected to the office of Bishop of Exeter, vacant since 1206 (consecrated 5 October).
- 20 June – papal ordinance defines the rights of the scholars at the University of Oxford.[1]
- 27 July – Battle of Bouvines: Philip II of France defeats an army of Imperial German, English and Flemish soldiers led by Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor, in the Kingdom of France, ending the Anglo-French War (1202–14); William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury is captured.[1]
- 18 September – Treaty of Chinon signed by John and Philip II of France recognising the Capetian gains from the Angevin Empire.[1]
- c. 13 October – John returns to England, landing at Dartmouth.[7]
- 4 November – John attends a chapter election at Bury St Edmunds Abbey in an attempt to resolve a dispute over the vacant abbacy there.[8]
- 20 November – meeting of barons at Bury St Edmunds Abbey resolves to compel the king to accept the Charter of Liberties of 1100[9] (There is doubt as to the existence, timing and nature of this meeting.)[10]
- 21 November – John issues a charter of liberties to the church guaranteeing freedom of canonical elections.[11]
- 4 December – Llywelyn the Great captures Shrewsbury without resistance.[1]
- 1215
- 3 May – barons led by Robert Fitzwalter renounce their allegiance to the King and attack Northampton.[1]
- 17 May – rebellious barons occupy London.[3]
- 15 June – barons force King John at Runnymede to put the Great Seal of the Realm on a set of articles confirming their rights and those of the towns and Church, and confirming the status of trial by jury,[3] which on 19 June is confirmed as Magna Carta.
- 24 August – Pope Innocent III declares Magna Carta invalid by papal bull triggering the First Barons' War.[3]
- September – First Barons' War: rebels capture Rochester.[1]
- 11 October–30 November – First Barons' War: King John besieges Rochester Castle and starves the rebels into surrender.
- December – First Barons' War: Alexander II of Scotland invades northern England.[1]
- 1216
- January – First Barons' War: English army sacks Berwick-on-Tweed and raids southern Scotland.[1]
- February – First Barons' War: rebellion in East Anglia quickly suppressed.[1]
- 21 May – First Barons' War: Louis, Count of Artois invades England in support of the barons, landing in Thanet. Entering London without opposition, he is proclaimed, but not crowned, King of England at Old St Paul's Cathedral.[1]
- 9 July – First Barons' War: Odiham Castle (completed 1214) surrenders to the French after a 2-week siege.
- 11 October – First Barons' War: retreating from the French invasion, King John loses the Crown Jewels in The Wash.[12]
- 18 October or 19 October – John dies at Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire; he is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry III of England, with William Marshal as regent.[3]
- 28 October – the nine-year-old Henry III is crowned at Gloucester;[3] he will reign until his death in 1272.
- 12 November – Marshal and the papal legate to England, Guala Bicchieri, issue a Charter of Liberties, based on Magna Carta, in the King's name from Bristol.[3][13]
- Roger of Wendover begins to cover contemporary events in his continuation of the chronicle Flores Historiarum.
- 1217
- 20 May – First Barons' War: The French are defeated at the Battle of Lincoln by forces led by Marshal.[1] Lincoln is pillaged and the French survivors forced to flee south.
- 21 August – First Barons' War: The French fleet is defeated at the Battle of Dover.
- 23 August – First Barons' War: The French fleet is destroyed at the Battle of Sandwich.[3]
- 12 September – Treaty of Kingston upon Thames ends the First Barons' War: French and Scots to leave England, amnesty granted to rebels.[1]
- 20 September – Treaty of Lambeth signed ratifying the Kingston treaty.
- 6 November – Charter of the Forest issued to supplement Magna Carta.[14]
- 1218
- March – Treaty of Worcester recognises Llywelyn the Great as regent of south Wales.[15]
- 1219
- Spring – In a gathering at his home in Caversham, the dying William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, places the regency of England in the hands of the Papal legate Pandulf Verraccio.[16]
- May – Llywelyn ravages Pembrokeshire after the death of Marshal.[1]
- Michaelmas – Statutes Fair in Burton upon Trent first held.[17]
- Henry III recognises de facto Papal abolition of trial by ordeal.[18]
## Births
- 1210
- 22 July – Joan of England, Queen Consort of Scotland, wife of Alexander II of Scotland (died 1238)
- 1214
- Isabella of England, daughter of John of England (died 1241)
- possible date – Roger Bacon, philosopher (died c.1292)
- 1218
- Sir Maurice de Berkeley, knight (died 1281)
## Deaths
- 1212
- 12 December – Geoffrey, Archbishop of York (born 1152)
- 1213
- Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex (born c. 1162)
- 1214
- 31 October – Leonora of England, queen of Alfonso VIII of Castile (born 1162)
- John de Gray, bishop of Norwich (year of birth unknown)
- 1215
- 3 February or 4 February – Eustace, Dean of Salisbury, Lord Chancellor (year of birth unknown)
- 1216
- 18 October or 19 October – John of England (born 1166)
- 1217
- 10 September – William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon, nobleman (year of birth unknown)
- 14 October – Isabel of Gloucester, wife of King John of England (born c. 1173)
- Alexander Neckam, scholar and teacher (born 1157)
- Approximate date – William of Wrotham, royal administrator (year of birth unknown)
- 1218
- 30 December – Richard de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, politician (born 1162)
- 1219
- 14 May – William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, soldier and statesman (born 1146 or 1147)
- 3 November – Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester, rebel baron (born 1155)
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Events from the '''1210s in [[England]]'''.
==Incumbents==
*[[English monarch|Monarch]] – [[John, King of England|John]] (to 19 October 1216), then [[Henry III of England|Henry III]]
==Events==
* '''1210'''
** 20 June – King John lands at [[Waterford]]. He later builds castles, including the first stone castle at [[Dublin]], and appoints [[Justiciar]]s over [[Ireland]].<ref name=CBH/>
** c. November – three "leopards" (probably lions) given to [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] by [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor]], become the first creatures in the menagerie at the [[Tower of London]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Experience the Tower of London|publisher=Historic Royal Palaces|location=Hampton Court|year=2007|isbn=978-1-873993-01-9|page=62}}</ref>
* '''1211'''
** June – King John campaigns against [[Wales|Welsh]] prince [[Llywelyn the Great]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/133|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/133 133–135]}}</ref>
** English occupy [[Ceredigion]] and build [[Aberystwyth Castle]].<ref name=CBH/>
** King John sends a gift of [[herring]]s to nunneries in almost every [[shire]] despite his status as an [[Excommunication|excommunicant]].<ref>{{cite book|title=King John|first=W. L.|last=Warren|location=Berkeley|publisher=University of California Press|year=1961|page=172}}</ref>
* '''1212'''
** June – Welsh rebels burn Aberystwyth Castle.<ref name=CBH/>
** 10 July – the most severe of several [[early fires of London]] burns most of the city to the ground.
** November – John sends a peace mission to [[Pope Innocent III]] in a dispute over who would become the next [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].
** First defended dockyard at [[Portsmouth]] built.
* '''1213'''
** King John becomes the first English monarch recorded as giving gifts of [[Royal Maundy]] money to the poor, at [[Rochester, Kent]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Lobel|first=Richard|year=1999|title=Coincraft's 2000 Standard Catalogue of English and UK Coins, 1066 to Date|publisher=Standard Catalogue Publishers Ltd|isbn=0-9526228-8-2|page=623}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Robinson|first=Brian|year=1977|title=The Royal Maundy|publisher=Kaye and Ward|isbn=0-7182-1151-0|page=25}}</ref>
** 13 May – the [[interdict]] on England is lifted by the [[papal legate]] when King John accepts [[Stephen Langton]] as Archbishop of Canterbury.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** 30 May – [[Battle of Damme]]: English fleet under [[William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury]] destroys a [[France|French]] fleet off the [[Flanders|Flemish]] port of [[Damme]].<ref name=CBH/>
** 3 June – King John and Llywelyn the Great sign a truce.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** 15 November – a council of knights is held in [[Oxford]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** [[Beverley Minster]]'s central tower collapses; rebuilding commences in 1214.
* '''1214'''
** 15 February – John lands an invasion force at [[La Rochelle]].<ref name=CBH/>
** 13 April ''(approx.)'' – [[Simon of Apulia]] elected to the office of [[Bishop of Exeter]], vacant since 1206 (consecrated 5 October).
** 20 June – papal ordinance defines the rights of the scholars at the [[University of Oxford]].<ref name=CBH/>
** 27 July – [[Battle of Bouvines]]: [[Philip II of France]] defeats an army of [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial German]], English and Flemish soldiers led by [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor]], in the [[Kingdom of France]], ending the [[Anglo-French War (1213–1214)|Anglo-French War (1202–14)]]; [[William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury]] is captured.<ref name=CBH/>
** 18 September – [[Treaty of Chinon]] signed by John and [[Philip II of France]] recognising the [[House of Capet|Capetian]] gains from the [[Angevin Empire]].<ref name=CBH/>
** c. 13 October – John returns to England, landing at [[Dartmouth, Devon|Dartmouth]].<ref>{{cite web|title=John’s sea journey and landing at Dartmouth|first=Nicholas|last=Vincent|url=http://www.magnacartaresearch.org/read/itinerary/Sunday_2_November_-_Saturday_8_November_#./John_s_sea_journey_and_landing_at_Dartmouth?&_suid=142053556028109299334004962054|publisher=The Magna Carta Project|access-date=2015-01-06}}</ref>
** 4 November – John attends a chapter election at [[Bury St Edmunds Abbey]] in an attempt to resolve a dispute over the vacant abbacy there.<ref>{{cite web|title=Drama and jokes at Bury St Edmunds|first=Nicholas|last=Vincent|url=http://www.magnacartaresearch.org/read/itinerary/Sunday_2_November_-_Saturday_8_November_#./Drama_and_jokes_at_Bury_St_Edmunds?&_suid=142053578032102346782096619915|publisher=The Magna Carta Project|access-date=2015-01-06}}</ref>
** 20 November – meeting of barons at [[Bury St Edmunds Abbey]] resolves to compel the king to accept the [[Charter of Liberties]] of 1100<ref>[[Roger of Wendover]]. ''[[Flores Historiarum]]''.</ref> (There is doubt as to the existence, timing and nature of this meeting.)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Meeting at Bury St Edmunds|date=November 2014|first=Nicholas|last=Vincent|url=http://magnacarta.cmp.uea.ac.uk/read/feature_of_the_month/Aug_2014#./Nov_2014?&_suid=142053547819806100788687136911|publisher=The Magna Carta Project|access-date=2015-01-06}}</ref>
** 21 November – John issues a charter of liberties to the church guaranteeing freedom of [[canonical election]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Freedom of Election Charter|date=August 2014|first=Katherine|last=Harvey|url=http://magnacarta.cmp.uea.ac.uk/read/feature_of_the_month/Aug_2014|publisher=The Magna Carta Project|access-date=2015-01-06}}</ref>
** 4 December – [[Llywelyn the Great]] captures [[Shrewsbury]] without resistance.<ref name=CBH/>
* '''1215'''
** 3 May – barons led by [[Robert Fitzwalter]] renounce their allegiance to the King and attack [[Northampton]].<ref name=CBH/>
** 17 May – rebellious barons occupy [[London]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** 15 June – barons force King John at [[Runnymede]] to put the [[Great Seal of the Realm]] on a set of articles confirming their rights and those of the towns and Church, and confirming the status of [[History of trial by jury in England|trial by jury]],<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> which on 19 June is confirmed as [[Magna Carta]].
** 24 August – [[Pope Innocent III]] declares Magna Carta invalid by [[papal bull]] triggering the [[First Barons' War]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** September – First Barons' War: rebels capture [[Rochester, Kent|Rochester]].<ref name=CBH/>
** 11 October–30 November – First Barons' War: King John besieges [[Rochester Castle#The siege of 1215|Rochester Castle]] and starves the rebels into surrender.
** December – First Barons' War: [[Alexander II of Scotland]] invades northern England.<ref name=CBH/>
* '''1216'''
** January – First Barons' War: English army sacks [[Berwick-upon-Tweed|Berwick-on-Tweed]] and raids southern [[Scotland]].<ref name=CBH/>
** February – First Barons' War: rebellion in [[East Anglia]] quickly suppressed.<ref name=CBH/>
** 21 May – First Barons' War: [[Louis VIII of France|Louis, Count of Artois]] invades England in support of the barons, landing in [[Isle of Thanet|Thanet]]. Entering London without opposition, he is proclaimed, but not crowned, King of England at [[Old St Paul's Cathedral]].<ref name=CBH/>
** 9 July – First Barons' War: [[Odiham Castle]] (completed 1214) surrenders to the French after a 2-week siege.
** 11 October – First Barons' War: retreating from the French invasion, King John loses the [[Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom|Crown Jewels]] in [[The Wash]].<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
** 18 October or 19 October – John dies at [[Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire]]; he is succeeded by his nine-year-old son [[Henry III of England]], with [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke|William Marshal]] as regent.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** 28 October – the nine-year-old Henry III is crowned at [[Gloucester]];<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> he will reign until his death in 1272.
** 12 November – Marshal and the [[papal legate]] to England, [[Guala Bicchieri]], issue a Charter of Liberties, based on Magna Carta, in the King's name from Bristol.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Powicke|first=Maurice|author-link=F. M. Powicke|title=The Thirteenth Century 1216–1307|series=[[Oxford History of England]], vol. 4|publisher=Oxford University Press|edition=2nd|year=1962|page=5}}</ref>
** [[Roger of Wendover]] begins to cover contemporary events in his continuation of the [[chronicle]] ''[[Flores Historiarum]]''.
* '''1217'''
** 20 May – First Barons' War: The French are defeated at the [[Battle of Lincoln (1217)|Battle of Lincoln]] by forces led by Marshal.<ref name=CBH/> Lincoln is pillaged and the French survivors forced to flee south.
** 21 August – First Barons' War: The French fleet is defeated at the [[Battle of Sandwich (1217)|Battle of Dover]].
** 23 August – First Barons' War: The French fleet is destroyed at the [[Battle of Sandwich (1217)|Battle of Sandwich]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
** 12 September – [[Treaty of Lambeth#Treaty of Kingston (1217)|Treaty of Kingston upon Thames]] ends the First Barons' War: French and Scots to leave England, amnesty granted to rebels.<ref name=CBH/>
** 20 September – [[Treaty of Lambeth]] signed ratifying the Kingston treaty.
** 6 November – [[Charter of the Forest]] issued to supplement Magna Carta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://info.sjc.ox.ac.uk/forests/Carta.htm|title=The Charter of the Forest of King Henry III|access-date=2007-12-17}}</ref>
* '''1218'''
** March – [[Llywelyn the Great|Treaty of Worcester]] recognises Llywelyn the Great as regent of south Wales.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/nation/pages/principality01.shtml |title=BBC Wales History |access-date=2007-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071125170839/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/nation/pages/principality01.shtml |archive-date=2007-11-25 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''1219'''
** Spring – In a gathering at his home in [[Caversham, Reading|Caversham]], the dying [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke]], places the regency of England in the hands of the Papal legate [[Pandulf Verraccio]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Asbridge|first=Thomas|author-link=Thomas Asbridge|year=2015|title=The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, Power Behind Five English Thrones|location=London|publisher=Simon & Schuster}}</ref>
** May – Llywelyn ravages [[Pembrokeshire]] after the death of Marshal.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=77–79|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
** Michaelmas – [[Statutes Fair]] in [[Burton upon Trent]] first held.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kreft|first=Helen|title=Just one ride at town's funfair to ensure royal charter continues|url=https://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/burton/just-one-ride-burton-statutes-4581018|access-date=2021-10-07|work=DerbyshireLive|date=2020-10-07|archive-date=2021-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007041344/https://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/burton/just-one-ride-burton-statutes-4581018|url-status=live}}</ref>
** Henry III recognises ''de facto'' Papal abolition of [[trial by ordeal]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bartlett|first=Robert|title=Trial by Fire and Water|date=1986|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=127–28}}</ref>
==Births==
* 1210
** 22 July – [[Joan of England, Queen of Scotland|Joan of England, Queen Consort of Scotland]], wife of [[Alexander II of Scotland]] (died [[1230s in England|1238]])
* 1214
**[[Isabella of England]], daughter of [[John, King of England|John of England]] (died [[1240s in England|1241]])
** ''possible date'' – [[Roger Bacon]], philosopher (died c.[[1290s in England|1292]])
* 1218
** Sir [[Maurice de Berkeley]], knight (died [[1280s in England|1281]])
==Deaths==
* 1212
** 12 December – [[Geoffrey (archbishop of York)|Geoffrey, Archbishop of York]] (born [[1150s in England|1152]])
* 1213
**[[Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex]] (born c. [[1160s in England|1162]])
* 1214
** 31 October – [[Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile|Leonora of England]], queen of [[Alfonso VIII of Castile]] (born [[1160s in England|1162]])
** [[John de Gray]], bishop of Norwich (year of birth unknown)
* 1215
** 3 February or 4 February – [[Eustace (bishop of Ely)|Eustace, Dean of Salisbury]], [[Lord Chancellor]] (year of birth unknown)
* 1216
** 18 October or 19 October – [[John, King of England|John of England]] (born [[1160s in England|1166]])
* 1217
** 10 September – [[William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon]], nobleman (year of birth unknown)
** 14 October – [[Isabella, Countess of Gloucester|Isabel of Gloucester]], wife of King [[John, King of England|John of England]] (born c. [[1170s in England|1173]])
** [[Alexander Neckam]], scholar and teacher (born [[1150s in England|1157]])
** Approximate date – [[William of Wrotham]], royal administrator (year of birth unknown)
* 1218
** 30 December – [[Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford|Richard de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford]], politician (born [[1160s in England|1162]])
* 1219
** 14 May – [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke]], soldier and statesman (born [[1140s in England|1146]] or [[1140s in England|1147]])
** 3 November – [[Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester]], rebel baron (born [[1150s in England|1155]])
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{England year nav}}
[[Category:1210s in England| ]]
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# 1817 Connecticut's at-large congressional district special election
A special election was held in Connecticut's at-large district in 1817 to fill two vacancies in the 15th Congress, both of which had occurred before the start of that Congress. The vacancies were left by the death of members-elect Sylvanus Backus (F) on February 15, 1817, and Charles Dennison (F) who declined the seat.
## Election results
As there were two vacancies in an at-large district, the top two candidates were elected to represent Connecticut.
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Percent |
| --------------------- | --------------------- | ----- | ------- |
| Ebenezer Huntington | Federalist | 5,449 | 29.2% |
| Nathaniel Terry | Federalist | 4,201 | 22.5% |
| Sylvester Gilbert | Democratic-Republican | 3,115 | 16.7% |
| Lyman Law | Federalist | 2,240 | 12.0% |
| Lewis B. Sturges | Federalist | 1,829 | 9.8% |
| Epaphroditus Champion | Federalist | 1,248 | 6.7% |
| Asa Bacon Jr. | Federalist | 593 | 3.2% |
Huntington and Terry took their seats with the rest of the 15th Congress.
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{{short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Elections in Connecticut}}
A special election was held in {{ushr|CT|AL|Connecticut's at-large district}} in 1817{{efn | The exact election date is unknown but must have been held between the death of Backus on February 15, 1817 and the May 12, 1817 publication of a news story on the election.}} to fill two vacancies in the [[15th United States Congress|15th Congress]], both of which had occurred before the start of that Congress. The vacancies were left by the death of members-elect Sylvanus Backus (F) on February 15, 1817, and Charles Dennison (F) who declined the seat.
==Election results==
As there were two vacancies in an at-large district, the top ''two'' candidates were elected to represent Connecticut.
{| class=wikitable
! Candidate
! Party
! Votes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/wd375x18w|title = A New Nation Votes}}</ref>
! Percent
|-
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''[[Ebenezer Huntington]]'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''Federalist'''
| '''5,449'''
| '''29.2%'''
|-
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''[[Nathaniel Terry]]'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''Federalist'''
| '''4,201'''
| '''22.5%'''
|-
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | [[Sylvester Gilbert]]<ref>Later elected in [[Connecticut's at-large congressional district special election, 1818|a second special election]]</ref>
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Democratic-Republican
| 3,115
| 16.7%
|-
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | [[Lyman Law]]
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist
| 2,240
| 12.0%
|-
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | [[Lewis B. Sturges]]
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist
| 1,829
| 9.8%
|-
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | [[Epaphroditus Champion]]
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist
| 1,248
| 6.7%
|-
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Asa Bacon Jr.
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist
| 593
| 3.2%
|}
Huntington and Terry took their seats with the rest of the 15th Congress.
==See also==
*[[List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives]]
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Special elections to the 15th United States Congress|Connecticut 1817 At-large]]
[[Category:United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut|1817 At-large]]
[[Category:United States House of Representatives special elections|Connecticut 1817 At-large]]
[[Category:1817 United States House of Representatives elections|Connecticut At-large]]
[[Category:1817 Connecticut elections|United States House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Connecticut special elections|United States House of Representatives 1817 At-large]]
| 1,262,382,165 |
[]
| false |
# 1782 English cricket season
The 1782 English cricket season was the 11th in which matches have been awarded retrospective first-class cricket status. The scorecards of four first-class matches have survived. The great fast bowler David Harris made his first-class debut and the Hambledon Club moved to Windmill Down as a new home venue.
## Matches
Four first-class match scorecards survive from 1782, three of them matches between Kent XIs and Hampshire XIs. The other match was between a Hampshire XI and an England side.
## Other events
The Hampshire Chronicle reported in June the first meeting on Windmill Down, referring to the ground as "a field called the New Broad Halfpenny adjoining to the Town of Hambledon".
## First mentions
- David Harris
- Joey Ring
|
enwiki/7826637
|
enwiki
| 7,826,637 |
1782 English cricket season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1782_English_cricket_season
|
2024-05-14T19:24:33Z
|
en
|
Q4553232
| 54,248 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| previous_year = 1781
| previous_tournament = 1781 English cricket season
| next_year = 1783
| next_tournament = 1783 English cricket season
}}
The '''1782 English cricket season''' was the 11th in which matches have been awarded retrospective [[first-class cricket]] status. The scorecards of four first-class matches have survived. The great fast bowler [[David Harris (English cricketer)|David Harris]] made his first-class debut and the [[Hambledon Club]] moved to [[Windmill Down]] as a new home venue.
== Matches ==
Four first-class match scorecards survive from 1782, three of them matches between [[Kent county cricket teams|Kent XIs]] and [[Hampshire county cricket teams|Hampshire XIs]]. The other match was between a Hampshire XI and an England side.<ref name=ACS>[[Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians]] (ACS) (1981) ''A Guide to Important Cricket Matches Played in the British Isles 1709 – 1863''. Nottingham: ACS.</ref><ref name=ci>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/england-domestic-season-1782-535307/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results Results], English Domestic Season 1782, CricInfo. Retrieved 2019-03-11.</ref>
==Other events==
The ''Hampshire Chronicle'' reported in June the first meeting on [[Windmill Down]], referring to the ground as "a field called the New Broad Halfpenny adjoining to the Town of Hambledon".<ref>Buckley GB (1935) ''Fresh Light on 18th Century Cricket'', p.94. Cotterell.</ref>
==First mentions==
* [[David Harris (Hambledon cricketer)|David Harris]]
* [[Joey Ring]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Altham |first=H. S. |author-link=Harry Altham |title=A History of Cricket, Volume 1 (to 1914) |year=1962 |publisher=George Allen & Unwin }}
* {{cite book |last=Birley |first=Derek |author-link=Derek Birley |title=A Social History of English Cricket |year=1999 |publisher=Aurum }}
* {{cite book |last=Bowen |first=Rowland |author-link=Rowland Bowen |title=Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development |year=1970 |publisher=Eyre & Spottiswoode }}
* {{cite book |last=Major |first=John |author-link=John Major |title=More Than A Game |year=2007 |publisher=HarperCollins }}
* {{cite book |last=Underdown |first=David |author-link=David Underdown |title=Start of Play |year=2000 |publisher=Allen Lane }}
{{English cricket seasons}}
[[Category:1782 in English cricket]]
[[Category:English cricket seasons in the 18th century]]
| 1,223,852,154 |
[]
| false |
# 1938–39 Maltese Premier League
The 1938–39 Maltese First Division was the 28th season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 4 teams, and Sliema Wanderers F.C. won the championship.
## League standings
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | ------------------------- | --- | - | - | - | -- | -- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Sliema Wanderers F.C. (C) | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 17 | 4 | +13 | 11 |
| 2 | Melita F.C. | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 12 | −3 | 5 |
| 3 | St. George's F.C. | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 10 | −5 | 4 |
| 4 | Valletta City | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 9 | −5 | 4 |
## Results
| Home \ Away | MLT | SLM | STG | VAL |
| ---------------- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Melita | — | 2–3 | 2–0 | 5–3 |
| Sliema Wanderers | 3–0 | — | 2–2 | 1–0 |
| St. George's | 3–0 | 0–5 | — | 0–1 |
| Valletta City | 0–0 | 0–3 | 0–0 | — |
|
enwiki/18138702
|
enwiki
| 18,138,702 |
1938–39 Maltese Premier League
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938%E2%80%9339_Maltese_Premier_League
|
2024-10-20T13:25:40Z
|
en
|
Q1419395
| 63,613 |
{{Infobox football league season
|season = 1938–39
|dates =
|competition = [[Maltese Premier League|Maltese First Division]]
|winners = [[Sliema Wanderers F.C.]]<br />(10th title)
|relegated =
|continentalcup1 =
|continentalcup1 qualifiers =
|continentalcup2 =
|continentalcup2 qualifiers =
|continentalcup3 =
|continentalcup3 qualifiers =
|league topscorer =
|biggest home win =
|biggest away win =
|highest scoring =
|matches = 12
|total goals = 35
|prevseason = [[1937–38 Maltese Premier League|1937–38]]
|nextseason = [[1939–40 Maltese Premier League|1939–40]]
|updated =
}}
The '''1938–39 [[Maltese Premier League|Maltese First Division]]''' was the 28th season of top-tier football in Malta. It was contested by 4 teams, and [[Sliema Wanderers F.C.]] won the championship.
== Teams ==
{{Location map+ |Malta |width=300|float=right |caption=Locations of the 1938–39 Maltese First Division teams |places=
{{Location map~ |Malta |lat=35.914 |long=14.4896 |label=[[Melita F.C.|Melita]]|label_size=80 |position=top}}
{{Location map~ |Malta |lat=35.881607 |long=14.521124 |label=[[St. George's F.C.|St. George's]]|label_size=80 |position=bottom}}
{{Location map~ |Malta |lat=35.912222 |long=14.504167 |label=[[Sliema Wanderers F.C.|Sliema W.]] |label_size=80 |position=right}}
{{location map~ |Malta |lat=35.898373 |long=14.512216 |label=[[Valletta F.C.|Valletta City]] |label_size=80 |position=left}}
}}
==League standings==
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Q
|sortable_table=y
|winpoints=2
|team1=SLI|name_SLI=[[Sliema Wanderers F.C.]]
|team2=MEL|name_MEL=[[Melita F.C.]]
|team3=STG|name_STG=[[St. George's F.C.]]
|team4=VAL|name_VAL=[[Valletta F.C.|Valletta City]]
|win_SLI=5|draw_SLI=1|loss_SLI=0|gf_SLI=17|ga_SLI=4
|win_MEL=2|draw_MEL=1|loss_MEL=3|gf_MEL=9|ga_MEL=12
|win_STG=1|draw_STG=2|loss_STG=3|gf_STG=5|ga_STG=10
|win_VAL=1|draw_VAL=2|loss_VAL=3|gf_VAL=4|ga_VAL=9
|status_SLI=C
|result1=C
|col_C=green1 |text_C=
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/malthist.html rsssf.com]
}}
==Results==
{{#invoke:sports results|main
|matches_style=FBR
|team1=MLT|team2=SLM|team3=STG|team4=VAL
|name_SLM=[[Sliema Wanderers F.C.|Sliema Wanderers]]
|match_SLM_MLT=3–0
|match_SLM_STG=2–2
|match_SLM_VAL=1–0
|name_MLT=[[Melita F.C.|Melita]]
|match_MLT_SLM=2–3
|match_MLT_STG=2–0
|match_MLT_VAL=5–3
|name_STG=[[St. George's F.C.|St. George's]]
|match_STG_SLM=0–5
|match_STG_MLT=3–0
|match_STG_VAL=0–1
|name_VAL=[[Valletta F.C.|Valletta City]]
|match_VAL_SLM=0–3
|match_VAL_MLT=0–0
|match_VAL_STG=0–0
|update=complete|source=
}}
==References==
*[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesm/malthist.html Malta - List of final tables (RSSSF)]
{{Maltese Premier League seasons}}
{{1938–39 in European football (UEFA)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1938-39 Maltese Premier League}}
[[Category:Maltese Premier League seasons]]
[[Category:1938–39 in European association football leagues|Malta]]
[[Category:1938 in Malta|Football]]
[[Category:1939 in Malta|Football]]
| 1,252,240,077 |
[{"title": "Maltese First Division", "data": {"Season": "1938\u201339", "Champions": "Sliema Wanderers F.C. \u00b7 (10th title)", "Matches played": "12", "Goals scored": "35 (2.92 per match)"}}]
| false |
# 1931 Isle of Man TT
The 1931 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy was again dominated by the battle between Rudge, Sunbeam and Norton motorcycles.
The 1931 Junior TT Race was run at a very fast pace by Jimmie Simpson riding for Norton who completed the first lap in 30 minutes and 49 seconds and was 6 seconds ahead of fellow Norton teammate Stanley Woods in 2nd place and 18 seconds ahead of Freddie Hicks in 3rd place riding an AJS motor-cycle. Although Jimmie Simpson was able to hold on to the lead for the next 5 laps, he was slowed by having to refuel every two laps because of carburetor problems. Fellow Norton teammate Tim Hunt recovered from a slow first lap with a loose plug-lead to set the fastest lap on lap 4 of 30 minutes and 5 seconds an average race speed of 75.27 mph (121.14 km/h) and steadily moved up the leaderboard. Further, carburetor problems caused Jimmie Simpson to drop off the leaderboard; he eventually finished in 8th place. This allowed the 1931 Junior TT Race to be won by Tim Hunt riding for Norton, in 3 hours 34 minutes and 21 seconds, at an average race speed of 73.94 mph (118.99 km/h), from Norton teammates Jimmie Guthrie and Ernie Nott riding a Rudge motor-cycle.
The 1931 Lightweight TT was dominated by the works Rudge motorcycles and the race was lap 1 by Ernie Nott by 45 seconds from Rudge teammates H. G. Tyrell Smith and Graham Walker in 3rd place. By lap 6, Ernie Nott had a lead of 4 minutes over the rest of the field, until on the last lap he slid off just below the Mountain Mile and finished in 4th place steadying a damaged push-rod with his hand. This provided a first and only TT Race win for Graham Walker riding a Rudge at an average race speed of 68.98 mph (111.01 km/h).
The highly anticipated 1931 Senior TT Race which was again set to be dominated by Rudge and Norton motorcycles. However, it proved to be dominated again by Norton and Jimmie Simpson and Jimmie Guthrie. This time Guthrie led on lap 1 by 1 second from Jimmie Simpson and Norton teammate Stanley Woods by 17 seconds in 3rd place. On lap 3, the 1931 Senior TT Race produced the first 80 mph (130 km/h) lap by Jimmie Simpson on a Norton motor-cycle in 28 minutes and 1 seconds an average speed of 80.82 mph (130.07 km/h). Despite taking over the lead from Guthrie, Jimmie Simpson crashed on lap 4 at Ballaugh Bridge and the bike, ending up in the river. Despite re-taking the lead, Jimmie Guthrie slipped off at the Governor's Bridge on lap 5, but continued to finish in 2nd place at an average speed of 77.34 mph (124.47 km/h). Fellow Norton teammate Stanley Woods finished in 3rd place with a glove in the petrol-tank filler. The fast-paced and incident-packed 1931 Senior TT Race provided Tim Hunt with a popular Junior/Senior double win in 3 hours, 23 minutes and 28 seconds for the 7 lap (264.11 mile) race at an average race speed of 77.90 mph (125.37 km/h). The winner of the 1929 Junior Race, Freddie Hicks, crashed on lap 5 at Union Mills and was killed.
## Senior TT (500cc)
| Rank | Rider | Team | Speed | Time |
| ---- | -------------- | ---------- | --------------------- | --------- |
| 1 | Tim Hunt | Norton | 77.9 mph (125.4 km/h) | 3.23.28.0 |
| 2 | Jimmie Guthrie | Norton | 77.34 | 3.24.57.0 |
| 3 | Stanley Woods | Norton | 76.35 | 3.27.36.0 |
| 4 | Ernie Nott | Rudge | 76.32 | 3.27.41.0 |
| 5 | Graham Walker | Rudge | 73.08 | 3.24.14.0 |
| 6 | Ted Mellors | NSU | 73.18 | 3.36.36.0 |
| 7 | Arthur Tyler | Raleigh | 72.61 | 3.38.18.0 |
| 8 | Arthur Simcock | OK-Supreme | 72.48 | 3.38.40.0 |
| 9 | Jimmy G Lind | Velocette | 71.64 | 3.41.14.0 |
| 10 | Sid Gleave | SGS | 71.16 | 3.42.45.0 |
## Junior TT (350cc)
| Rank | Rider | Team | Speed | Time |
| ---- | -------------- | ------------ | ----------------------- | --------- |
| 1 | Tim Hunt | Norton | 73.94 mph (118.99 km/h) | 3.34.21.0 |
| 2 | Jimmie Guthrie | Norton | 72.90 | 3:37.26.0 |
| 3 | Ernie Nott | Rudge | 72.37 | 3:39.01.0 |
| 4 | Stanley Woods | Norton | 71.39 | 3:42.01.0 |
| 5 | Graham Walker | Rudge | 70.98 | 3:43.19.0 |
| 6 | Charlie Dodson | Excelsior | 69.58 | 3:47.47.0 |
| 7 | Alec Mitchell | Velocette | 69.46 | 3:48.11.0 |
| 8 | Jimmie Simpson | Norton | 69.06 | 3:49.30.0 |
| 9 | George Rowley | AJS | 69.05 | 3:49.32.0 |
| 10 | Ted Mellors | New Imperial | 69.02 | 3:49.38.0 |
## Lightweight TT (250cc)
| Rank | Rider | Team | Speed | Time |
| ---- | ------------------ | ------------ | ----------------------- | --------- |
| 1 | Graham Walker | Rudge | 68.98 mph (111.01 km/h) | 3.49.47.0 |
| 2 | Henry Tyrell-Smith | Rudge | 68.26 | 3.52.13.0 |
| 3 | Ted Mellors | New Imperial | 66.84 | 3.57.08.0 |
| 4 | Ernie Nott | Rudge | 66.72 | 3.57.34.0 |
| 5 | Frank A Longman | OK-Supreme | 65.99 | 4.00.11.0 |
| 6 | Mario Ghersi | New Imperial | 65.62 | 4.01.33.0 |
| 7 | Stuart Williams | New Imperial | 65.49 | 4.02.01.0 |
| 8 | Paddy Johnston | Moto Guzzi | 64.6 | 4.05.24.0 |
| 9 | C. E. Needham | OK-Supreme | 63.32 | 4.10.19.0 |
| 10 | Colin Taylor | OK-Supreme | 63.27 | 4.10.39.0 |
|
enwiki/7983735
|
enwiki
| 7,983,735 |
1931 Isle of Man TT
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_Isle_of_Man_TT
|
2024-09-18T07:54:40Z
|
en
|
Q4562838
| 84,803 |
{{Short description|Annual motorcycle racing event}}
[[File:Tim Hunt 1931.jpg|thumb|Senior TT and Junior TT winner Tim Hunt (pictured on his Junior TT bike)]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2017}}
The '''1931 [[Isle of Man TT|Isle of Man Tourist Trophy]]''' was again dominated by the battle between [[Rudge-Whitworth|Rudge]], [[Sunbeam Cycles|Sunbeam]] and [[Norton (motorcycle)|Norton]] motorcycles.
The 1931 [[Junior TT]] Race was run at a very fast pace by [[Jimmie Simpson]] riding for Norton who completed the first lap in 30 minutes and 49 seconds and was 6 seconds ahead of fellow Norton teammate [[Stanley Woods]] in 2nd place and 18 seconds ahead of Freddie Hicks in 3rd place riding an [[AJS]] motor-cycle.<ref name="ReferenceA">''Isle of Man Examiner'' dated 19 June 1931</ref> Although Jimmie Simpson was able to hold on to the lead for the next 5 laps, he was slowed by having to refuel every two laps because of carburetor problems.<ref name="Island Racer 2006">''Island Racer'' 2006</ref> Fellow Norton teammate Tim Hunt recovered from a slow first lap with a loose plug-lead to set the fastest lap on lap 4 of 30 minutes and 5 seconds an average race speed of {{convert|75.27|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} and steadily moved up the leaderboard.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Further, carburetor problems caused Jimmie Simpson to drop off the leaderboard; he eventually finished in 8th place.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> This allowed the 1931 Junior TT Race to be won by Tim Hunt riding for Norton, in 3 hours 34 minutes and 21 seconds, at an average race speed of {{convert|73.94|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}, from Norton teammates Jimmie Guthrie and Ernie Nott riding a [[Rudge-Whitworth|Rudge]] motor-cycle.
The 1931 [[Lightweight TT]] was dominated by the works Rudge motorcycles and the race was lap 1 by Ernie Nott by 45 seconds from Rudge teammates [[H. G. Tyrell Smith]] and Graham Walker in 3rd place.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> By lap 6, Ernie Nott had a lead of 4 minutes over the rest of the field, until on the last lap he slid off just below the Mountain Mile and finished in 4th place steadying a damaged push-rod with his hand.<ref name="Island Racer 2006"/> This provided a first and only TT Race win for [[Graham Walker (motorcycle racer)|Graham Walker]] riding a Rudge at an average race speed of {{convert|68.98|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}.
The highly anticipated 1931 Senior TT Race which was again set to be dominated by Rudge and Norton motorcycles. However, it proved to be dominated again by Norton and Jimmie Simpson and Jimmie Guthrie. This time Guthrie led on lap 1 by 1 second from Jimmie Simpson and Norton teammate Stanley Woods by 17 seconds in 3rd place.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> On lap 3, the 1931 Senior TT Race produced the first {{convert|80|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} lap by Jimmie Simpson on a Norton motor-cycle in 28 minutes and 1 seconds an average speed of {{convert|80.82|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}. Despite taking over the lead from Guthrie, Jimmie Simpson crashed on lap 4 at Ballaugh Bridge and the bike, ending up in the river.<ref name="Island Racer 2006"/> Despite re-taking the lead, Jimmie Guthrie slipped off at the Governor's Bridge on lap 5, but continued to finish in 2nd place at an average speed of {{convert|77.34|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}. Fellow Norton teammate Stanley Woods finished in 3rd place with a glove in the petrol-tank filler.<ref name="Island Racer 2006"/> The fast-paced and incident-packed 1931 Senior TT Race provided Tim Hunt with a popular Junior/Senior double win in 3 hours, 23 minutes and 28 seconds for the 7 lap (264.11 mile) race at an average race speed of {{convert|77.90|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}. The winner of the 1929 Junior Race, Freddie Hicks, crashed on lap 5 at Union Mills and was killed.
==Senior TT (500cc)==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Rank !! Rider !! Team !! Speed !! Time
|-
| 1 || {{flagicon|UK}} Tim Hunt || [[Norton (motorcycle)|Norton]] || {{convert|77.9|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} || 3.23.28.0
|-
| 2 || {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Jimmie Guthrie]] || Norton || 77.34 || 3.24.57.0
|-
| 3 || {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Stanley Woods]] || Norton || 76.35 || 3.27.36.0
|-
| 4 || {{flagicon|UK}} Ernie Nott || [[Rudge-Whitworth|Rudge]] || 76.32 || 3.27.41.0
|-
| 5 || {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Walker (motorcycle racer)|Graham Walker]] || Rudge || 73.08 || 3.24.14.0
|-
| 6 || {{flagicon|UK}} [[Ted Mellors]] || [[NSU Motorenwerke AG|NSU]] || 73.18 || 3.36.36.0
|-
| 7 || {{flagicon|UK}} Arthur Tyler || [[Raleigh Bicycle Company|Raleigh]] || 72.61 || 3.38.18.0
|-
| 8 || {{flagicon|AUS}} Arthur Simcock || [[OK-Supreme]] || 72.48 || 3.38.40.0
|-
| 9 || {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Jimmy G Lind || [[Velocette]] || 71.64 || 3.41.14.0
|-
| 10 || {{flagicon|UK}} Sid Gleave || SGS || 71.16 || 3.42.45.0
|}
==Junior TT (350cc)==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Rank !! Rider !! Team !! Speed !! Time
|-
| 1 || {{flagicon|UK}} Tim Hunt || Norton || {{convert|73.94|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} || 3.34.21.0
|-
| 2 || {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Jimmie Guthrie]] || Norton || 72.90 || 3:37.26.0
|-
| 3 || {{flagicon|UK}} Ernie Nott || Rudge || 72.37 || 3:39.01.0
|-
| 4 || {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Stanley Woods]] || Norton || 71.39 || 3:42.01.0
|-
| 5 || {{flagicon|UK}} Graham Walker || Rudge || 70.98 || 3:43.19.0
|-
| 6 || {{flagicon|UK}} Charlie Dodson || [[Excelsior (Coventry)|Excelsior]] || 69.58 || 3:47.47.0
|-
| 7 || {{flagicon|UK}} Alec Mitchell || Velocette || 69.46 || 3:48.11.0
|-
| 8 || {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jimmie Simpson]] || Norton || 69.06 || 3:49.30.0
|-
| 9 || {{flagicon|UK}} George Rowley || [[AJS]] || 69.05 || 3:49.32.0
|-
| 10 || {{flagicon|UK}} [[Ted Mellors]] || [[New Imperial Motors Ltd|New Imperial]] || 69.02 || 3:49.38.0
|}
<ref>''The TT Special'' edited by G.S.Davison dated 10 June 1931</ref>
==Lightweight TT (250cc)==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Rank !! Rider !! Team !! Speed !! Time
|-
| 1 || {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Walker (motorcyclist)|Graham Walker]]|| Rudge || {{convert|68.98|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} || 3.49.47.0
|-
| 2 || {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Henry Tyrell-Smith]]|| Rudge || 68.26 || 3.52.13.0
|-
| 3 || {{flagicon|UK}} [[Ted Mellors]] || New Imperial || 66.84 || 3.57.08.0
|-
| 4 || {{flagicon|UK}} Ernie Nott || Rudge || 66.72 || 3.57.34.0
|-
| 5 || {{flagicon|UK}} Frank A Longman || [[OK-Supreme]] || 65.99 || 4.00.11.0
|-
| 6 || {{flagicon|ITA|1861}} Mario Ghersi || New Imperial || 65.62 || 4.01.33.0
|-
| 7 || {{flagicon|UK}} Stuart Williams || New Imperial || 65.49 || 4.02.01.0
|-
| 8 || {{flagicon|IRL}} Paddy Johnston || [[Moto Guzzi]] || 64.6 || 4.05.24.0
|-
| 9 || {{flagicon|UK}} C. E. Needham || OK-Supreme || 63.32 || 4.10.19.0
|-
| 10 || {{flagicon|UK}} Colin Taylor || OK-Supreme || 63.27 || 4.10.39.0
|}
==Notes==
* At Sulby during practice, Jack Williams riding a Raleigh motorcycle was timed at {{convert|100|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} and Percy Hunt riding for Norton was timed at {{convert|101|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="ReferenceB">''Isle of Man Eaxminer'' dated 12 June 1931</ref>
* During practice, Wal Handley slipped off his [[Fabrique Nationale de Herstal|F.N.]] motorcycle at the Gooseneck.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
* During the 1931 Junior TT Race, [[H. G. Tyrell Smith]] riding for Rudge retired on lap 3 running out of petrol. At Ballacraine, Otto Steinfeller retired with gearbox failure. On lap 5, Ted Mellors riding a New Imperial motorcycle and F.A. Renier both crashed at Glen Helen. Both continued; Ted Mellors finished in 10th place and Renier in 16th place.<ref>''Isle of Man Eaxminer'' dated 19 June 1931</ref>
* On the first lap of the 1931 Senior TT Race, [[Wal Handley]] riding for the Belgium motorcycle firm of [[Fabrique Nationale de Herstal|F.N.]] slipped off at the Quarterbride and retired. At Keppel Gate on lap 3 of the 1931 Senior TT Race, R.F. Parkinson riding a [[NSU Motorenwerke AG|NSU]] motorcycle hit a bank and three spectators were slightly injured.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
==Sources==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://www.iomttraces.com/racing/database/?year=1931&agent= IoM TT Races Database]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060622172641/http://www.iomtt.com/Home/TTDatabase/races.aspx?meet_code=TT31 Detailed race results]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060818204122/http://www.mcb.net/ttraces/tt/ttwin.html Isle of Man TT winners]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194627/http://www.iommgp.com/tour/map.shtml Mountain Course map]
{{Isle of Man TT}}
[[Category:1931 in British motorsport|Isle of Man TT]]
[[Category:Isle of Man TT|1931]]
[[Category:1931 in motorcycle sport|Isle]]
| 1,246,326,902 |
[]
| false |
# 121 Hermione
121 Hermione is a very large binary asteroid discovered in 1872. It orbits in the Cybele group in the far outer asteroid belt. As an asteroid of the dark C spectral type, it is probably composed of carbonaceous materials. In 2002, a small moon was found to be orbiting Hermione.
## Discovery
Hermione was discovered by J. C. Watson on 12 May 1872 from Ann Arbor, Michigan, in the United States, and named after Hermione, daughter of Menelaus and Helen in Greek mythology.
## Physical properties
The asteroid has a bi-lobed shape, as evidenced by adaptive optics images, the first of which were taken in December 2003 with the Keck telescope. Of several proposed shape models that agreed with the images, a "snowman"-like shape was found to best fit the observed precession rate of Hermione's satellite. In this "snowman" model, the asteroid's shape can be approximated by two partially overlapping spheres of radii 80 and 60 km, whose centers are separated by a distance of 115 km. A simple ellipsoid shape was ruled out.
Observation of the satellite's orbit has made possible an accurate determination of Hermione's mass. For the best-fit "snowman" model, the density is found to be 1.8 ± 0.2 g/cm3, giving a porosity on the order of 20%, and possibly indicating that the main components are fractured solid bodies, rather than the asteroid being a rubble pile.
Occultations by Hermione have been successfully observed three times so far, the last time in February 2004.
## Moon
A satellite of Hermione was discovered in 2002 with the Keck II telescope. It is about 8 miles (13 km) in diameter. The satellite is provisionally designated S/2002 (121) 1. It has not yet been officially named, but "LaFayette" has been proposed by a group of astronomers in reference to the frigate used in secret by the Marquis de Lafayette to reach America to help the insurgents.
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121 Hermione
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 121 Hermione
| background = #D6D6D6
| image = Hermione06 2.jpg
| image_scale =
| caption = 121 Hermione and its moon
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" />
| discoverer=[[James Craig Watson]]
| discovered=12 May 1872
| mpc_name = (121) Hermione
| alt_names = A872 JA; 1970 VE
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|h|ɜːr|ˈ|m|aɪ|.|ə|n|iː}}<ref>Noah Webster (1884) ''A Practical Dictionary of the English Language''</ref>
| adjective = Hermionean {{IPAc-en|h|ɜːr|m|aɪ|.|ə|ˈ|n|iː|ə|n}}
| named_after = [[Hermione (mythology)|Hermione]]<ref name="springer" /><br />{{small|(Greek mythology)}}
| mp_category=[[main-belt]]{{·}}[[Cybele asteroid|Cybele]]
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 23 March 2018 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458200.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 145.96 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (53,312 d)
| aphelion = 3.9067 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 2.9889 AU
| semimajor = 3.4478 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1331
| period = 6.40 yr (2,338 d)
| mean_anomaly = 157.08[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1540|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 7.5975°
| asc_node = 73.127°
| arg_peri = 298.18°
| satellites = S/2002 (121) 1
| dimensions = 268 × 186 × 183 km<ref name=Baer>{{cite web |date=2008 |title=Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations |publisher=Personal Website |author=Jim Baer |url=http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt |accessdate=2008-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702212735/http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt |archive-date=2 July 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />(254 ± 4) × (125 ± 9) km<ref name=MarKaaHom06>{{cite journal|author=F. Marchis|title=Shape, size and multiplicity of main-belt asteroids I. Keck Adaptive Optics survey|journal=Icarus|volume=185|pages=39–63|date=2006|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.001|pmid=19081813|issue=1|pmc=2600456|bibcode=2006Icar..185...39M|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
| mean_radius = 95 km<ref name=MarKaaHom06/>
| volume = {{val|3.0|0.4|e=6|u=km3}}<ref name=MarHesDes05/>
| mass = {{val|5.381|5|e=18|u=kg|errend=%}}<ref name=MarHesDes05>{{cite journal|author=F. Marchis|title=Mass and density of Asteroid 121 Hermione from an analysis of its companion orbit|journal=Icarus|volume=178|pages=450–464|date=2005|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2005.05.003|bibcode=2005Icar..178..450M|issue=2|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
| density = 1.8 ± 0.2 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name=MarHesDes05/>{{efn|name=snowman|Using the "snowman" shape model, which best matches the value of J2 implied from precession.}}
| surface_grav=0.022 m/s<sup>2</sup>{{efn|name=pointyend|On the extremities of the long axis.}}
| escape_velocity=0.075 km/s{{efn|name=pointyend}}
| sidereal_day =0.2313 d (5.551 h)<ref name=IAUC8264>''[http://cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/08200/08264.html#Item1 IAUC 8264] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709060512/http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iauc/08200/08264.html#Item1 |date=9 July 2008 }}''</ref>
| axial_tilt = 73°
| pole_ecliptic_lat = +10 ± 2°<ref name=MarHesDes05/>
| pole_ecliptic_lon = 1.5 ± 2°
| albedo = 0.0482 ± 0.002<ref name=IRAS>''[http://www.psi.edu/pds/resource/imps.html Supplemental IRAS minor planet survey] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817051318/http://www.psi.edu/pds/resource/imps.html |date=2009-08-17 }}''</ref>
| spectral_type = [[C-type asteroid|C]]<ref name=PDStax>''[http://www.psi.edu/pds/resource/taxonomy.html PDS node taxonomy database] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805185511/http://www.psi.edu/pds/resource/taxonomy.html |date=2009-08-05 }}''</ref>
| abs_magnitude = 7.31<ref name=IRAS/>
}}
'''121 Hermione''' is a very large binary [[asteroid]] discovered in 1872. It orbits in the [[Cybele asteroid|Cybele group]] in the far outer [[asteroid belt]].<ref name=tanton/> As an asteroid of the dark [[C-type asteroid|C spectral type]], it is probably composed of [[carbonate|carbonaceous]] materials. In 2002, a small [[asteroid moon|moon]] was found to be orbiting Hermione.<ref name=tanton>{{cite book|author=Linda T. Elkins-Tanton|title=Asteroids, Meteorites, and Comets|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-0xBsMsursC&pg=PA96|year=2010|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-3186-3|page=96}}</ref>
== Discovery ==
Hermione was discovered by [[James Craig Watson|J. C. Watson]] on 12 May 1872 from [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]], in the United States,<ref name=tanton/> and named after [[Hermione (mythology)|Hermione]], daughter of [[Menelaus]] and [[Helen of Troy|Helen]] in [[Greek mythology]].<ref name="springer" />
== Physical properties ==
[[file:121Hermione (Lightcurve Inversion).png|thumb|left|[[Lightcurve]]-based 3D-model of Hermione]]
The asteroid has a bi-lobed shape, as evidenced by [[adaptive optics]] images, the first of which were taken in December 2003 with the [[Keck telescope]].<ref name=MarKaaHom06/> Of several proposed shape models that agreed with the images, a "snowman"-like shape was found to best fit the observed [[precession]] rate of Hermione's satellite.<ref name=MarHesDes05/> In this "snowman" model, the asteroid's shape can be approximated by two partially overlapping spheres of radii 80 and 60 km, whose centers are separated by a distance of 115 km. A simple [[ellipsoid]] shape was ruled out.
Observation of the satellite's orbit has made possible an accurate determination of Hermione's mass.<ref name=MarHesDes05/> For the best-fit "snowman" model, the density is found to be 1.8 ± 0.2 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, giving a porosity on the order of 20%, and possibly indicating that the main components are fractured solid bodies, rather than the asteroid being a [[rubble pile]].
[[Occultation]]s by Hermione have been successfully observed three times so far, the last time in February 2004.
{{Infobox planet
| name=S/2002 (121) 1
| bgcolour=#A0FFA0
| minorplanet=yes
| discovery_ref = <ref name="iauc7980">[http://cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/07900/07980.html#Item2 IAUC 7980] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060501175811/http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iauc/07900/07980.html |date=2006-05-01 }}</ref>
| discoverer=[[W. J. Merline]],<br />[[P. M. Tamblyn]],<br />[[C. Dumas]],<br />[[L. M. Close]],<br />[[C. R. Chapman]],<br />[[F. Menard]],<br />[[W. M. Owen]],<br />and [[D. C. Slater]]
| discovered=2002-09-28
| alt_names =LaFayette
| mp_category=[[main-belt]]{{·}}[[Cybele asteroid|Cybele]]
| orbit_ref=<ref name=marchis>''[http://astron.berkeley.edu/~fmarchis/Science/Asteroids/Hermione.html 121 Hermione and S/2002 (121) 1]'', orbit data website maintained by F. Marchis.</ref>
| semimajor= 768 ± 11 km
| eccentricity= 0.001 ± 0.001
| period=2.582 ± 0.002 d
| satellite_of = 121 Hermione
| inclination = 3 ± 2°<br />{{small|(with respect to Hermione pole)}}
| dimensions= 12 ± 4 km<ref name=MarKaaHom06/>
| mass = ~1.6{{e|15}} kg{{efn|name="mass"|Assuming a similar density to the primary.}}
| abs_magnitude=13.0<ref name=MarKaaHom06/>
}}
== Moon ==
A [[asteroid moon|satellite]] of Hermione was discovered in 2002 with the [[Keck telescope|Keck II telescope]].<ref name=tanton/> It is about 8 miles (13 km) in diameter.<ref name=tanton/> The satellite is provisionally designated '''S/2002 (121) 1'''. It has not yet been officially named, but "LaFayette" has been proposed by a group of astronomers in reference to [[French frigate Hermione (1779)|the frigate]] used in secret by the [[Marquis de Lafayette]] to reach America to help the insurgents.<ref name="Johnston"/><ref name=MarKaaHom06/>
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2018-05-25 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 121 Hermione
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000121
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 14 September 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|page = 26
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_122 |chapter = (121) Hermione }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 121 Hermione
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=121
|accessdate = 14 September 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Johnston">{{cite web
|title = (121) Hermione and S/2002 (121) 1 ("LaFayette")
|url = http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-00121.html
|first = Wm. Robert |last = Johnston
|work = Asteroids with Satellites Database
|publisher = Johnston's Archive
|date = 21 September 2014
|accessdate = 7 November 2021}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* ''[http://astron.berkeley.edu/~fmarchis/Science/Asteroids/Hermione.html 121 Hermione and S/2002 (121) 1]'', orbit data website maintained by F. Marchis. Includes adaptive optics images, orbit diagrams, and shape models.
* [http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-00121.html (121) Hermione], datasheet, johnstonsarchive.net
* [http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/asteroidmoons.html Asteroids with Satellites], Robert Johnston, johnstonsarchive.net
*''[http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/asteroid_moons_021003.html Tally of Asteroids Harboring Moons Grows Beyond 30]'' (Space.com, 3 October 2002)
* {{AstDys|121}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |120 Lachesis |number=121 |122 Gerda}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hermione}}
[[Category:Cybele asteroids|000121]]
[[Category:Discoveries by James Craig Watson]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Binary asteroids|000121]]
[[Category:Objects observed by stellar occultation|000121]]
[[Category:C-type asteroids (Tholen)|000121]]
[[Category:Ch-type asteroids (SMASS)|000121]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1872|18720512]]
| 1,238,153,070 |
[{"title": "Discovery", "data": {"Discovered by": "James Craig Watson", "Discovery date": "12 May 1872"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"MPC designation": "(121) Hermione", "Pronunciation": "/h\u025c\u02d0r\u02c8ma\u026a.\u0259ni\u02d0", "Named after": "Hermione \u00b7 (Greek mythology)", "Alternative designations": "A872 JA; 1970 VE", "Minor planet category": "main-belt \u00b7 Cybele", "Adjectives": "Hermionean /h\u025c\u02d0rma\u026a.\u0259\u02c8ni\u02d0\u0259n"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Orbital characteristics": ["Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)", "Uncertainty parameter 0"], "Observation arc": "145.96 yr (53,312 d)", "Aphelion": "3.9067 AU", "Perihelion": "2.9889 AU", "Semi-major axis": "3.4478 AU", "Eccentricity": "0.1331", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "6.40 yr (2,338 d)", "Mean anomaly": "157.08\u00b0", "Mean motion": "0\u00b0 9m 14.4s / day", "Inclination": "7.5975\u00b0", "Longitude of ascending node": "73.127\u00b0", "Argument of perihelion": "298.18\u00b0", "Known satellites": "S/2002 (121) 1"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Dimensions": "268 \u00d7 186 \u00d7 183 km \u00b7 (254 \u00b1 4) \u00d7 (125 \u00b1 9) km", "Mean radius": "95 km", "Volume": "(3.0\u00b10.4)\u00d7106 km3", "Mass": "(5.381\u00b15%)\u00d71018 kg", "Mean density": "1.8 \u00b1 0.2 g/cm3", "Equatorial surface gravity": "0.022 m/s2", "Equatorial escape velocity": "0.075 km/s", "Sidereal rotation period": "0.2313 d (5.551 h)", "Axial tilt": "73\u00b0", "Pole ecliptic latitude": "+10 \u00b1 2\u00b0", "Pole ecliptic longitude": "1.5 \u00b1 2\u00b0", "Geometric albedo": "0.0482 \u00b1 0.002", "Spectral type": "C", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "7.31"}}, {"title": "S/2002 (121) 1", "data": {"Discovered by": "W. J. Merline, \u00b7 P. M. Tamblyn, \u00b7 C. Dumas, \u00b7 L. M. Close, \u00b7 C. R. Chapman, \u00b7 F. Menard, \u00b7 W. M. Owen, \u00b7 and D. C. Slater", "Discovery date": "2002-09-28"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"Alternative designations": "LaFayette", "Minor planet category": "main-belt \u00b7 Cybele"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Semi-major axis": "768 \u00b1 11 km", "Eccentricity": "0.001 \u00b1 0.001", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "2.582 \u00b1 0.002 d", "Inclination": "3 \u00b1 2\u00b0 \u00b7 (with respect to Hermione pole)", "Satellite of": "121 Hermione"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Dimensions": "12 \u00b1 4 km", "Mass": "~1.6\u00d71015 kg", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "13.0"}}]
| false |
# 1934 Palestine Cup
The 1934 Palestine Cup (Hebrew: הגביע הארץ-ישראלי, HaGavia HaEretz-Israeli) was the sixth season of Israeli Football Association's nationwide football cup competition. The defending holders were Maccabi Tel Aviv.
For the second year in a row, Maccabi Tel Aviv and Hapoel Tel Aviv met in the final. This time the winners were Hapoel Tel Aviv, winning their second final.
## Results
### Quarter-finals
| Home Team | Score | Away Team |
| ------------------- | ----- | --------------------------- |
| Hapoel Jerusalem | 0–4 | Maccabi Tel Aviv |
| Maccabi Petah Tikva | 0–7 | Hapoel Tel Aviv |
| Hapoel Haifa | 4–1 | Maccabi Hasmonean Jerusalem |
Bye: Maccabi Nes Tziona
### Semi-finals
| Home Team | Score | Away Team |
| ---------------- | ----- | ------------------ |
| Maccabi Tel Aviv | 3–1 | Hapoel Haifa |
| Hapoel Tel Aviv | 2–0 | Maccabi Nes Tziona |
### Final
| Hapoel Tel Aviv | 3–2 | Maccabi Tel Aviv |
| ---------------------------------- | --- | ------------------------ |
| Harlap 12' · Berger (pen.) · Zimon | | 2' Neufeld · Beit haLevi |
|
enwiki/41079692
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enwiki
| 41,079,692 |
1934 Palestine Cup
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Palestine_Cup
|
2025-01-22T13:03:44Z
|
en
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Q16201477
| 83,229 |
{{infobox football tournament season
| title = Palestine Cup
| year = 1934
| other_title =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| country = Mandatory Palestine
| num_teams = 7
| defending_champions = [[Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.|Maccabi Tel Aviv]]
| winners = [[Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.|Hapoel Tel Aviv]] <br /> (2nd title)
| second = [[Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.|Maccabi Tel Aviv]]
| matches = 6
| goals = 27
| scoring_leader =
| player =
| prev_season = [[1933 Palestine Cup|1933]]
| next_season = [[1935 Palestine Cup|1935]]
}}
The '''1934 [[Israel State Cup|Palestine Cup]]''' ({{langx|he|הגביע הארץ-ישראלי}}, ''HaGavia HaEretz-Israeli'') was the sixth season of [[Israeli Football Association]]'s nationwide football cup competition. The defending holders were [[Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.|Maccabi Tel Aviv]].
For the second year in a row, [[Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.|Maccabi Tel Aviv]] and [[Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.|Hapoel Tel Aviv]] met in the final. This time the winners were [[Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.|Hapoel Tel Aviv]], winning their second final.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=3 June 1934 |title=הגביע הא"י לכדורגל – ל"הפועל" |trans-title=The Palestine Football Cup – To Hapoel|url=http://jpress.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI_heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=DAV%2F1934%2F06%2F03&id=Ar00120&sk=80EF45F3 |language=Hebrew |work=Davar |location=Tel Aviv |access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref>
==Results==
===Quarter-finals===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!Home Team
!Score
!Away Team
|-
{{OneLegResult|[[Hapoel Jerusalem F.C.|Hapoel Jerusalem]]|| 0–4<ref name="yar185">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=18 May 1934 |title=אספורט |trans-title=Sport|url=http://jpress.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI_heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=YARDEN%2F1934%2F05%2F18&id=Ar00603&sk=839DF2C4 |language=Hebrew |work=HaYarden |location=Jerusalem |access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref> |'''[[Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.|Maccabi Tel Aviv]]'''}}
{{OneLegResult|[[Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C.|Maccabi Petah Tikva]]||0–7<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=14 May 1934 |title=Palestine Football Cup |url=http://jpress.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI_heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=PLS%2F1934%2F05%2F14&id=Ar01101&sk=0249FDF6 |work=The Palestine Post |location=Jerusalem |access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=14 May 1934 |title=נצחון חדש ל"הפועל" ת"א |trans-title=A New Win for Hapoel T.A.|url=http://jpress.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI_heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=DAV%2F1934%2F05%2F14&id=Ar01003&sk=A66FA50F |language=Hebrew |work=Davar |location=Tel Aviv |access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="yar185" />|'''[[Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.|Hapoel Tel Aviv]]'''}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Hapoel Haifa F.C.|Hapoel Haifa]]'''||4–1<ref name="pp215">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=21 May 1934 |title=Week-end Football Matches |url=http://jpress.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI_heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=PLS%2F1934%2F05%2F21&id=Ar00511&sk=9B02E38F |work=The Palestine Post |location=Jerusalem |access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref>|[[Maccabi Jerusalem F.C.|Maccabi Hasmonean Jerusalem]]}}
|}
'''Bye:''' [[Maccabi Nes Tziona F.C.|Maccabi Nes Tziona]]
===Semi-finals===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|-
!Home Team
!Score
!Away Team
|-
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.|Maccabi Tel Aviv]]'''||3–1<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=27 May 1934 |title=Palestine Football Championship |url=http://jpress.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI_heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=PLS%2F1934%2F05%2F27&id=Ar00506&sk=70E70263 |work=The Palestine Post |location=Jerusalem |access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref>|[[Hapoel Haifa F.C.|Hapoel Haifa]]}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.|Hapoel Tel Aviv]]'''||2–0<ref name="pp215"/>|[[Maccabi Nes Tziona F.C.|Maccabi Nes Tziona]]}}
|}
===Final===
{{football box
|date=2 June 1934
|time=
|team1=[[Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C.|Hapoel Tel Aviv]]
|score=3–2
|report=
|team2=[[Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.|Maccabi Tel Aviv]]
|goals1=[[Amnon Harlap|Harlap]] {{goal|12}}<br /> [[Willy Berger|Berger]] {{goal| |pen.}}<br /> [[Moshe Zimon|Zimon]] {{goal| }}
|goals2= {{goal|2}} [[Ferenc Neufeld|Neufeld]] <br /> {{goal| }} [[Jerry Beit haLevi|Beit haLevi]]
|stadium=Maccabi Avshalem Petah Tikva ground
|attendance=
|referee= Adler
}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131111140831/http://football.org.il/NationalCup/Pages/NationalCupPreimer.aspx?SEASON_ID=15 Israel Football Association website {{in lang|he}}]
{{Israel State Cup}}
{{1933–34 in Mandatory Palestine football}}
{{1933–34 in European football (UEFA)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1934 Israel State Cup}}
[[Category:1933–34 domestic association football cups|Israel State Cup]]
[[Category:1933–34 in Mandatory Palestine football|Cup]]
[[Category:Israel State Cup seasons]]
| 1,271,065,175 |
[{"title": "1934 Palestine Cup", "data": {"Country": "Mandatory Palestine", "Teams": "7", "Defending champions": "Maccabi Tel Aviv"}}, {"title": "Final positions", "data": {"Champions": "Hapoel Tel Aviv \u00b7 (2nd title)", "Runner-up": "Maccabi Tel Aviv"}}, {"title": "Tournament statistics", "data": {"Matches played": "6", "Goals scored": "27 (4.5 per match)"}}]
| false |
# 1817 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district special election
A special election was held August 26, 1817 in Massachusetts's 1st congressional district to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of Representative-elect James Lloyd (F) before the beginning of the 15th Congress.
Mason was seated December 2, 1816.
## Election results
| Candidate | Party | Votes | Percent |
| -------------- | ---------- | ----- | ------- |
| Jonathan Mason | Federalist | 1,746 | 55.6% |
| Andrew Ritchie | Federalist | 1,393 | 44.4% |
|
enwiki/38767813
|
enwiki
| 38,767,813 |
1817 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district special election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_Massachusetts%27s_1st_congressional_district_special_election
|
2024-08-21T07:54:59Z
|
en
|
Q6784138
| 257,599 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Elections in Massachusetts}}
A '''[[special election]]''' was held August 26, 1817 in '''{{ushr|MA|1}}''' to fill a vacancy left by the resignation of Representative-elect [[James Lloyd (Massachusetts)|James Lloyd]] (F) before the beginning of the 15th Congress.
Mason was seated December 2, 1816.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://historycms2.house.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=40204 | title=Fourteenth Congress March 4, 1815 to March 3, 1817 | access-date=January 11, 2019 | publisher=Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives | via=History.house.gov | archive-date=October 22, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022033542/https://historycms2.house.gov/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=40204 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Election results==
{| class=wikitable
! Candidate
! Party
! Votes<ref>[http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=729309 Election details from Ourcampaigns.com]</ref>
! Percent
|-
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | [[Jonathan Mason (politician)|Jonathan Mason]]
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | [[Federalist Party|Federalist]]
| 1,746
| 55.6%
|-
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Andrew Ritchie
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | [[Federalist Party|Federalist]]
| 1,393
| 44.4%
|}
==See also==
*[[List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Federal elections in Massachusetts footer}}
{{United States House of Representatives elections}}
[[Category:Special elections to the 15th United States Congress|Massachusetts 1817 01]]
[[Category:United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts|1817 01]]
[[Category:United States House of Representatives special elections|Massachusetts 1817 01]]
[[Category:1817 United States House of Representatives elections|Massachusetts 01]]
[[Category:1817 Massachusetts elections|United States House of Representatives 01]]
[[Category:Massachusetts special elections|United States House of Representatives 1817 01]]
| 1,241,455,051 |
[]
| false |
# 1759 Kienle
1759 Kienle, provisional designation 1942 RF, is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers (4.3 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 11 September 1942, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The S-type asteroid has a longer-than average rotation period of 29.3 hours. It was named for German astrophysicist Hans Kienle.
## Orbit and classification
Kienle is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–3.5 AU once every 4 years and 4 months (1,577 days; semi-major axis of 2.65 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.31 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at with its official discovery observation during the height of World War II in September 1942.
## Naming
This minor planet was named after German astrophysicist Hans Kienle (1895–1975), known for his work on spectrophotometry and director of several German observatories, including the discovering Heidelberg Observatory (1950–1962). Kienle was also president of IAU Commission 36 during the 1950s. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 18 April 1977 (M.P.C. 4155).
## Physical characteristics
In both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), Kienle is a stony S-type asteroid.
### Rotation period
During the early 1980s, a rotational lightcurve of Kienle was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel using the 0.91- and 2.1-meter telescopes at the University of Texas McDonald Observatory. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 29.25 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.30 magnitude (U=2).
### Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Kienle measures between 6.9 and 7.3 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.18 and 0.20. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.10 – a compromise figures between the stony inner- and carbonaceous outer-belt asteroids – and consequently calculates a larger diameter of 9.85 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.15.
|
enwiki/16453710
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enwiki
| 16,453,710 |
1759 Kienle
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1759_Kienle
|
2024-10-01T16:41:33Z
|
en
|
Q143310
| 109,834 |
{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1759 Kienle
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" />
| discoverer = [[Karl Reinmuth|K. Reinmuth]]
| discovery_site = [[Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory|Heidelberg Obs.]]
| discovered = 11 September 1942
| mpc_name = (1759) Kienle
| alt_names = 1942 RF{{·}}1951 YY
| pronounced =
| named_after = [[Hans Kienle]]<ref name="springer" /><br />{{small|(German astrophysicist)}}
| mp_category = {{nowrap|[[main-belt]]<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}({{small|[[Kirkwood gap|middle]]}})}}<br />[[Background asteroid|background]]<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="AstDys-object" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 27 April 2019 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458600.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 75.76 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (27,671 d)
| aphelion = 3.4829 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 1.8201 AU
| semimajor = 2.6515 AU
| eccentricity = 0.3136
| period = 4.32 yr (1,577 d)
| mean_anomaly = 268.08[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2283|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 4.5585°
| asc_node = 158.71°
| arg_peri = 206.14°
| mean_diameter = {{val|6.909|0.198|ul=km}}<ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><br />{{val|7.349|0.144|u=km}}<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="WISE" />
| rotation = {{val|29.25|ul=h}}<ref name="Binzel-1983b" />
| albedo = {{val|0.1797}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|0.203}}<ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" />
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]] {{small|([[Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey|S3OS2]])}}<ref name="Lazzaro-2004" />
| abs_magnitude = 13.15<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="lcdb" />
}}
'''1759 Kienle''', provisional designation {{mp|1942 RF}}, is a stony background [[asteroid]] from the central regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 11 September 1942, by astronomer [[Karl Reinmuth]] at the [[Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory]] in southwest Germany.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The [[S-type asteroid]] has a longer-than average [[rotation period]] of 29.3 hours.<ref name="lcdb" /> It was named for German astrophysicist [[Hans Kienle]].<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Kienle'' is a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid from the main belt's [[Background asteroid|background population]].<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="AstDys-object" /> It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|central]] asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–3.5 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 4 months (1,577 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 2.65 AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.31 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 5[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's [[observation arc]] begins at with its official discovery observation during the height of [[World War II]] in September 1942.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Naming ==
This [[minor planet]] was named after German astrophysicist [[Hans Kienle]] (1895–1975), known for his work on spectrophotometry and director of several German observatories, including the discovering [[Heidelberg Observatory]] (1950–1962). Kienle was also president of [[International Astronomical Union|IAU]] Commission 36 during the 1950s.<ref name="springer" /> The official {{MoMP|1759|naming citation}} was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 18 April 1977 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 4155}}).<ref name="DoMP-Circular-dates" />
== Physical characteristics ==
In both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the [[Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey]] (S3OS2), ''Kienle'' is a stony [[S-type asteroid]].<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="Lazzaro-2004" />
=== Rotation period ===
During the early 1980s, a rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Kienle'' was obtained from [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observations by American astronomer [[Richard Binzel]] using the 0.91- and 2.1-meter telescopes at the University of Texas [[McDonald Observatory]]. Lightcurve analysis gave a [[rotation period]] of 29.25 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.30 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2]]}}).<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Binzel-1983b" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the survey carried out by the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Kienle'' measures between 6.9 and 7.3 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.18 and 0.20.<ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="WISE" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes an albedo of 0.10 – a compromise figures between the stony inner- and carbonaceous outer-belt asteroids – and consequently calculates a larger diameter of 9.85 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 13.15.<ref name="lcdb" />
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2018-06-15 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1759 Kienle (1942 RF)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001759
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200918013926/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001759
|archive-date = 18 September 2020
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date = 10 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
|chapter = (1759) Kienle
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|page = 140
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1760}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 1759 Kienle (1942 RF)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1759
|access-date = 10 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="DoMP-Circular-dates">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008)
|chapter = Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs
|last = Schmadel |first=Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|page = 221
|isbn = 978-3-642-01964-7
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4|year = 2009
|chapter-url = https://cds.cern.ch/record/1339661
}}</ref>
<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid (1759) Kienle – Proper elements
|publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site
|url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?n=1759&pc=1.1.6
|access-date = 10 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid 1759 Kienle
|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1759+Kienle
|access-date = 10 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey
|first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt
|first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan
|first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr
|first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie
|first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen
|first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker
|first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright
|first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun
|first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury
|first16 = T. IV |last16 = Gautier
|first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion
|first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins
|date = November 2011
|title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 20
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68
|arxiv = 1109.4096|s2cid = 118745497 }}</ref>
<ref name="Lazzaro-2004">{{Cite journal
|first1 = D. |last1 = Lazzaro
|first2 = C. A. |last2 = Angeli
|first3 = J. M. |last3 = Carvano
|first4 = T. |last4 = Mothé-Diniz
|first5 = R. |last5 = Duffard
|first6 = M. |last6 = Florczak
|date = November 2004
|title = S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids
|url = http://sirrah.troja.mff.cuni.cz/yarko-site/tmp/eos/NEW/spectral_type_figure/s3os2.pdf
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 172
|issue = 1
|pages = 179–220
|bibcode = 2004Icar..172..179L
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006
|access-date = 10 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (1759) Kienle
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1759%7CKienle
|access-date = 10 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Mainzer-2016">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. K. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = J. M. |last2 = Bauer
|first3 = R. M. |last3 = Cutri
|first4 = T. |last4 = Grav
|first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
|first6 = J. R. |last6 = Masiero
|first7 = C. R. |last7 = Nugent
|first8 = S. M. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = R. A. |last9 = Stevenson
|first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright
|date = June 2016
|title = NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0
|url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_COMPIL_5_NEOWISEDIAM_V1_0/data/neowise_mainbelt.tab
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System
|pages = EAR–A–COMPIL–5–NEOWISEDIAM–V1.0 |bibcode = 2016PDSS..247.....M
|access-date= 10 December 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407
|s2cid = 35447010 }} ([http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/741/2/68/fulltext/apj398969t1_mrt.txt catalog])</ref>
<ref name="Binzel-1983b">{{Cite journal
|first1 = R. P. |last1 = Binzel
|first2 = J. D. |last2 = Mulholland
|date = December 1983
|title = A photoelectric lightcurve survey of small main belt asteroids
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 56
|issue = 3
|pages = 519–533
|issn = 0019-1035
|bibcode = 1983Icar...56..519B
|doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(83)90170-7}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|1759}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1758 Naantali |number=1759 |1760 Sandra}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kienle}}
[[Category:Background asteroids|001759]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1942|19420911]]
| 1,248,816,422 |
[{"title": "1759 Kienle", "data": {"Discovered by": "K. Reinmuth", "Discovery site": "Heidelberg Obs.", "Discovery date": "11 September 1942"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"MPC designation": "(1759) Kienle", "Named after": "Hans Kienle \u00b7 (German astrophysicist)", "Alternative designations": "1942 RF \u00b7 1951 YY", "Minor planet category": "main-belt \u00b7 (middle) \u00b7 background"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Orbital characteristics": ["Epoch 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)", "Uncertainty parameter 0"], "Observation arc": "75.76 yr (27,671 d)", "Aphelion": "3.4829 AU", "Perihelion": "1.8201 AU", "Semi-major axis": "2.6515 AU", "Eccentricity": "0.3136", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "4.32 yr (1,577 d)", "Mean anomaly": "268.08\u00b0", "Mean motion": "0\u00b0 13m 41.88s / day", "Inclination": "4.5585\u00b0", "Longitude of ascending node": "158.71\u00b0", "Argument of perihelion": "206.14\u00b0"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Mean diameter": "6.909\u00b10.198 km \u00b7 7.349\u00b10.144 km", "Synodic rotation period": "29.25 h", "Geometric albedo": "0.1797 \u00b7 0.203", "Spectral type": "S (S3OS2)", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "13.15"}}]
| false |
# 1936 in El Salvador
The following lists events that happened in 1936 in El Salvador.
## Incumbents
- President: Maximiliano Hernández Martínez
- Vice President: Vacant
## Events
### January
- January – The 1936 Salvadoran legislative election was held but no election results were posted.[1]
### May
- May 2 – El Diario de Hoy newspaper began publication.
|
enwiki/64648261
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enwiki
| 64,648,261 |
1936 in El Salvador
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_in_El_Salvador
|
2024-09-08T02:38:32Z
|
en
|
Q97738291
| 83,578 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in El Salvador|1936}}
The following lists events that happened in '''[[1936]] in [[El Salvador]]'''.
==Incumbents==
*[[President of El Salvador|President]]: [[Maximiliano Hernández Martínez]]
*[[Vice President of El Salvador|Vice President]]: Vacant
==Events==
===January===
* January – The [[1936 Salvadoran legislative election]] was held but no election results were posted.<ref>Williams, Philip J. and Knut Walter (1997) ''Militarization and demilitarization in El Salvador's transition to democracy'' Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, p27</ref>
===May===
* May 2 – ''[[El Diario de Hoy]]'' newspaper began publication.
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Years in El Salvador}}
{{Central America topic|1936 in}}
{{North America topic|1936 in}}
[[Category:1936 in El Salvador| ]]
[[Category:1936 in Central America|El Salvador]]
[[Category:1930s in El Salvador]]
[[Category:Years of the 20th century in El Salvador]]
[[Category:1936 by country|El Salvador]]
| 1,244,612,293 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1935 - 1934 - 1933": "1936 \u00b7 in \u00b7 El Salvador \u00b7 \u2192 - 1937 - 1938 - 1939", "Decades": "1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s", "See also": "Other events of 1936 Timeline of Salvadoran history"}}]
| false |
# 1817 French legislative election
Partial legislative elections were held in France on 20 September 1817, during the Second Restoration, to choose delegates to the Chamber of Deputies. It was the first of three elections (the others coming in 1818 and 1819) under a new law that called for legislative elections to be held annually in one-fifth of the nation's departments.
The election was a clear defeat for the Ultras, who lost all their seats. Until then confined to a few individuals, the liberals, led by the banker Jacques Laffitte, constituted a second opposition group at the left of the Government.
|
enwiki/42516364
|
enwiki
| 42,516,364 |
1817 French legislative election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1817_French_legislative_election
|
2025-01-22T20:02:10Z
|
en
|
Q16981460
| 114,688 |
{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
| country = Kingdom of France
| flag_image = Royal flag of France during the Bourbon Restoration.svg
| type = Parliamentary
| election_date = 20 September 1817
| previous_election = 1816 French legislative election
| previous_year = 1816
| next_election = 1818 French legislative election
| next_year = 1818
}}{{Politics of France}}
Partial legislative elections were held in France on 20 September 1817, during the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Second Restoration]], to choose delegates to the [[Chamber of Deputies (France)|Chamber of Deputies]]. It was the first of three elections (the others coming in 1818 and 1819) under a new law that called for legislative elections to be held annually in one-fifth of the nation's departments.<ref name=beck>Thomas D. Beck, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2scU3ubVF5wC&q=french+legislative+election+1817 French Legislators, 1800-1834: A Study in Quantitative History]'' (University of California Press, 1974), pp. 63-71.</ref>
The election was a clear defeat for the Ultras, who lost all their seats.<ref>''[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4221339/f1.image Journal des débats politiques et littéraires]'', 1 October 1817, p. 1. Accessed at the Gallica Digital Library, 17 April 2014. {{in lang|fr}}</ref> Until then confined to a few individuals, the liberals, led by the banker [[Jacques Laffitte]], constituted a second opposition group at the left of the Government.
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{French elections}}
[[Category:Legislative elections in France]]
[[Category:1817 in France|Legislative]]
[[Category:September 1817|France]]
| 1,271,150,118 |
[{"title": "1817 French legislative election", "data": {"\u2190 1816": "20 September 1817 \u00b7 1818 \u2192"}}]
| false |
# 1939 College Football All Polish-American Team
The 1939 College Football All Polish-American Team was the first all-star College Football Team of Polish-Americans. The team was selected by five American sport scribes from leading American newspapers. All members were of Polish descent.
## First team
| Name | Position | School |
| ----------------- | -------------- | ----------- |
| Walt Nowak | Left End | Villanova |
| Ted Konetsky | Left Tackle | Pittsburgh |
| Ed Molinski | Left Guard | Tennessee |
| Rudy Mucha | Center | Washington |
| Frank Bykowski | Right Guard | Purdue |
| Walt Walewski | Right Tackle | Holy Cross |
| Ed Rucinski | Right End | Indiana |
| Steve Sitko | Quarterback | Notre Dame |
| Bill Krywicki | Left Halfback | Fordham |
| Forest Evashevski | Right Halfback | Michigan |
| John Polanski | Full Back | Wake Forest |
|
enwiki/47698204
|
enwiki
| 47,698,204 |
1939 College Football All Polish-American Team
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939_College_Football_All_Polish-American_Team
|
2023-08-17T01:45:11Z
|
en
|
Q21028323
| 20,254 |
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
The '''1939 College Football All Polish-American Team''' was the first all-star [[College Football]] Team of [[Polish-Americans]]. The team was selected by five American sport scribes from leading American newspapers. All members were of Polish descent.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2293&dat=19391224&id=FNFeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=AQMGAAAAIBAJ&pg=1202,3199435&hl=pl | title=In The Polish Colony | work=The Sunday Morning Star | date=December 24, 1939 | accessdate=September 2, 2015 | author=Rosiak, A. J. | pages=14}}</ref>
==First team==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="30%" | Name
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="30%" | Position
! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="30%" | School
|-align="left"
| [[Walt Nowak]] ||Left End || [[Villanova Wildcats football|Villanova]]
|- align="left"
| [[Ted Konetsky]]||Left Tackle|| [[Pittsburgh Panthers football|Pittsburgh]]
|- align="left"
| [[Ed Molinski]]||Left Guard || [[Tennessee Volunteers football|Tennessee]]
|- align="left"
| [[Rudy Mucha]]||Center || [[Washington Huskies football|Washington]]
|- align="left"
| [[Frank Bykowski]]||Right Guard || [[Purdue Boilermakers football|Purdue]]
|- align="left"
| [[Walt Walewski]]||Right Tackle||[[Holy Cross Crusaders football|Holy Cross]]
|- align="left"
| [[Ed Rucinski]]||Right End||[[Indiana Hoosiers football|Indiana]]
|- align="left"
| [[Steve Sitko]]||Quarterback||[[Notre Dame Fighting Irish football|Notre Dame]]
|- align="left"
| [[Bill Krywicki]]||Left Halfback|| [[Tennessee Volunteers football|Fordham]]
|- align="left"
| [[Forest Evashevski]]||Right Halfback || [[Michigan Wolverines football|Michigan]]
|- align="left"
| [[John Polanski]]||Full Back || [[Wake Forest Demon Deacons football|Wake Forest]]
|- align="left"
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:1939 college football season|All-America Team]]
[[Category:College Football All-America Teams]]
[[Category:American people of Polish descent]]
{{collegefootball-stub}}
| 1,170,760,572 |
[]
| false |
# 1306 in Scotland
Events from the year 1306 in the Kingdom of Scotland.
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Robert I (from 25 March)
## Events
- 10 February – Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn before the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries.
- 25 March – Robert the Bruce crowned King of the Scots.
- 19 June – Battle of Methven: The forces of the Earl of Pembroke defeat Bruce's Scottish rebels.
- The killing of Comyn in the Greyfriars church in Dumfries, as imagined by Felix Philippoteaux, a 19th-century illustrator a highly inaccurate imagining as it shows them in kilts which were not worn by medieval Scots.
- Isabella MacDuff, Countess of Buchan, crowning Robert the Bruce at Scone in 1306; from a modern tableau at Edinburgh Castle
## Births
unknown date
- John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray (died 1346)
## Deaths
- 10 February – John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, nobleman and Guardian of Scotland
- 4 August - David de Inchmartin, executed by English by being hanged in Newcastle upon Tyne
- 4 August - Alexander Scrymgeour, Scottish standard bearer, executed by English by being hanged in Newcastle upon Tyne
- 4 August - John de Seton, executed by English by being hanged, drawn and quartered in Newcastle upon Tyne
- September – Nigel de Brus, younger brother of Robert the Bruce, executed by English by being hanged, drawn and quartered in Berwick-upon-Tweed
- 8 September – Simon Fraser, knight, executed by English by being hanged, drawn and quartered in London
- 7 November – John of Strathbogie, Earl of Atholl, captured after Battle of Methven, executed by hanging in London
- 9 November - Thomas de Brus, younger brother of Robert the Bruce, executed by English by being hanged, drawn and beheaded at Carlisle, Cumberland, England
- unknown – Alexander de Brus, younger brother of Robert the Bruce, executed by English by being hanged, drawn and beheaded at Carlisle, Cumberland, England
- unknown - Christopher Seton, executed by English by being hanged, drawn and quartered at Dumfries
|
enwiki/39298381
|
enwiki
| 39,298,381 |
1306 in Scotland
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1306_in_Scotland
|
2024-05-30T09:26:01Z
|
en
|
Q16149869
| 206,026 |
{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is already sufficiently detailed; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Scottish English|date=January 2016}}
{{Year in Scotland| 1306 }}
Events from the year '''1306 in the [[Kingdom of Scotland]]'''.
==Incumbents==
*[[Scottish monarch|Monarch]] – [[Robert the Bruce|Robert I]] (from 25 March)
==Events==
* 10 February – Robert the Bruce murders [[Red Comyn|John Comyn]] before the high altar of [[Greyfriars Church, Dumfries|Greyfriars Church]] in [[Dumfries]].
* 25 March – Robert the Bruce crowned [[King of the Scots]].
* 19 June – [[Battle of Methven]]: The forces of the [[Earl of Pembroke]] defeat [[Robert I of Scotland|Bruce]]'s Scottish rebels.
<gallery>
Death of Comyn.jpg|The killing of Comyn in the Greyfriars church in Dumfries, as imagined by [[Henri Félix Emmanuel Philippoteaux|Felix Philippoteaux]], a 19th-century illustrator a highly inaccurate imagining as it shows them in kilts which were not worn by medieval Scots.
Robert The Bruce Crowned King of Scots.jpg|[[Isabella MacDuff, Countess of Buchan]], crowning Robert the Bruce at Scone in 1306; from a modern tableau at Edinburgh Castle
</gallery>
==Births==
''unknown date''
* [[John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray]] (died [[1346 in Scotland|1346]])
==Deaths==
* 10 February – [[John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch]], nobleman and [[Guardian of Scotland]]
* 4 August - [[David de Inchmartin]], executed by English by being hanged in Newcastle upon Tyne
* 4 August - [[Alexander Scrymgeour (died 1306)|Alexander Scrymgeour]], Scottish standard bearer, executed by English by being hanged in Newcastle upon Tyne
* 4 August - [[John de Seton]], executed by English by being [[hanged, drawn and quartered]] in Newcastle upon Tyne
* September – [[Nigel de Brus]], younger brother of Robert the Bruce, executed by English by being hanged, drawn and quartered in Berwick-upon-Tweed
* 8 September – [[Simon Fraser (died 1306)|Simon Fraser]], knight, executed by English by being [[hanged, drawn and quartered]] in London
* 7 November – [[John of Strathbogie, Earl of Atholl]], captured after Battle of Methven, executed by hanging in London
* 9 November - [[Thomas de Brus]], younger brother of Robert the Bruce, executed by English by being hanged, drawn and beheaded at Carlisle, Cumberland, England
* unknown – [[Alexander de Brus]], younger brother of Robert the Bruce, executed by English by being hanged, drawn and beheaded at Carlisle, Cumberland, England
* unknown - [[Christopher Seton]], executed by English by being hanged, drawn and quartered at Dumfries
==See also==
{{Portal|Scotland}}
* [[Timeline of Scottish history]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Years in Scotland |state=collapsed}}
{{Year in Europe|1306}}
[[Category:1306 in Scotland| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 14th century in Scotland]]
[[Category:Wars of Scottish Independence]]
{{Scotland-hist-stub}}
| 1,226,388,026 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1305 - 1304 - 1303 - 1302 - 1301": "1306 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Scotland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1307 - 1308 - 1309 - 1310 - 1311", "Centuries": "12th 13th 14th 15th 16th", "Decades": "1280s 1290s 1300s 1310s 1320s", "See also": "List of years in Scotland \u00b7 Timeline of Scottish history \u00b7 1306 in: England \u2022 Elsewhere"}}]
| false |
# 1936–37 Egypt Cup
The 1936–37 Egypt Cup was the 16th edition of the Egypt Cup.
The final was held on 11 June 1937. The match was contested by Al Ahly and El Sekka El Hadid, with Al Ahly winning 3–2.
## Quarter-finals
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| ------------ | ----- | --------------------- |
| Zamalek | 1–1 | Al Ahly |
| Olympic Club | 1–2 | El Sekka El Hadid |
| Al Masry | 3–1 | Tersana |
| Teram | 0–1 | Al Ittihad Alexandria |
- Replays
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| ------- | ----- | ------- |
| Zamalek | 2–2 | Al Ahly |
| Zamalek | 0–5 | Al Ahly |
## Semi-finals
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| ----------------- | ----- | --------------------- |
| El Sekka El Hadid | 4–0 | Al Ittihad Alexandria |
| Al Ahly | 5–0 | Al Masry |
## Final
| Al Ahly | 3–2 | El Sekka El Hadid |
| -------------------------------------------------- | ------ | -------------------------- |
| - Hamdi 20' - El-Sawwaf 23' - Abdel-Karim Sakr 87' | Report | - Mourad 75' - Mansour 78' |
| Egypt Cup 1936-1937 Winners |
| --------------------------- |
| |
| Al Ahly 7th title |
|
enwiki/68221056
|
enwiki
| 68,221,056 |
1936–37 Egypt Cup
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%E2%80%9337_Egypt_Cup
|
2025-02-13T17:34:59Z
|
en
|
Q31076027
| 72,782 |
{{Self-published|date=July 2021}}
{{infobox football tournament season
| title = Egypt Cup
| year = 1936–37
| other_title =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| country = Egypt
| num_teams =
| defending_champions =
| winners = [[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]] (7th title)
| second = [[El Sekka El Hadid SC|El Sekka El Hadid]]
| matches =
| goals =
| scoring_leader =
| player =
| prev_season = [[1935–36 Egypt Cup|1935–36]]
| next_season = [[1937–38 Egypt Cup|1937–38]]
}}
The '''1936–37 Egypt Cup''' was the 16th edition of the [[Egypt Cup]].
The final was held on 11 June 1937. The match was contested by [[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]] and [[El Sekka El Hadid SC|El Sekka El Hadid]], with Al Ahly winning 3–2.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://drtareksaid.net/EgyptianCup193637.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712204844/http://drtareksaid.net/EgyptianCup193637.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=July 12, 2021|title=EgyptianCup1936/37}}</ref>
== Quarter-finals ==
{{OneLegStart}}
{{OneLegResult|[[Zamalek SC|Zamalek]]|| 1–1 |[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]||winner=}}
{{OneLegResult|[[Olympic Club (Egypt)|Olympic Club]]|| 1–2 |'''[[El Sekka El Hadid SC|El Sekka El Hadid]]'''||winner=2}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Al Masry SC|Al Masry]]'''|| 3–1 |[[Tersana SC|Tersana]]||winner=1}}
{{OneLegResult|Teram || 0–1 |'''[[Al Ittihad Alexandria Club|Al Ittihad Alexandria]]'''||winner=2}}
|}
*''Replays''
{{OneLegStart}}
{{OneLegResult|[[Zamalek SC|Zamalek]]|| 2–2 |[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]||winner=}}
{{OneLegResult|[[Zamalek SC|Zamalek]]|| 0–5 |'''[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]'''||winner=2}}
|}
== Semi-finals ==
{{OneLegStart}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[El Sekka El Hadid SC|El Sekka El Hadid]]'''|| 4–0 |[[Al Ittihad Alexandria Club|Al Ittihad Alexandria]]||winner=1}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]'''|| 5–0 |[[Al Masry SC|Al Masry]]||winner=1}}
|}
== Final ==
{{football box
|date=11 June 1937
|team1=[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]
|score=3–2
|aet =
|team2=[[El Sekka El Hadid SC|El Sekka El Hadid]]
|goals1=
*[[Hussein Hamdi (footballer)|Hamdi]] {{goal|20}}
*[[Saleh El-Sawwaf|El-Sawwaf]] {{goal|23}}
*[[Abdel-Karim Sakr]] {{goal|87}}
|goals2=
*[[Mahmoud Mourad|Mourad]] {{goal|75}}
*[[Ahmed Mansour (footballer)|Mansour]] {{goal|78}}
|stadium=
|referee=
|report=http://drtareksaid.net/EgyptianCup193637.html#Final
}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto;"
|-
![[Egypt Cup]] 1936-1937 Winners
|-
|[[File:Al Ahly Old Logo.jpg|60px]]
|-
| '''[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]'''<br />'''7th title'''
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://www.egyptianfootball.net/]
{{Egypt Cup}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1936-37 Egypt Cup}}
[[Category:Egypt Cup seasons|3]]
[[Category:1936–37 domestic association football cups|Egypt Cup]]
[[Category:1936–37 in Egyptian football]]
{{Africa-footy-competition-stub}}
| 1,275,544,252 |
[{"title": "1936\u201337 Egypt Cup", "data": {"Country": "Egypt"}}, {"title": "Final positions", "data": {"Champions": "Al Ahly (7th title)", "Runner-up": "El Sekka El Hadid"}}]
| false |
# 1820 Maine gubernatorial election
The 1820 Maine gubernatorial election took place on April 3, 1820. It was the first election for Governor of Maine, taking place after Maine separated from Massachusetts and was recognized as a state on March 15, 1820. Maine's separation from Massachusetts came as a result of The Missouri Compromise. This election saw the virtually unanimous election of William King, the man most chiefly responsible for the push for Maine statehood. He had no opponents.
## Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| ----------- | --------------------- | ------------ | ------ | ----- | -- |
| | Democratic-Republican | William King | 21,083 | 95.3% | |
| | | Others | 1,031 | 4.7% | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 22,114 | 100% | |
|
enwiki/52095602
|
enwiki
| 52,095,602 |
1820 Maine gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820_Maine_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-23T03:27:04Z
|
en
|
Q28221146
| 69,675 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1820 Maine gubernatorial election
| country = Maine
| type = gubernatorial
| ongoing = no
| previous_election =
| previous_year =
| next_election = 1821 Maine gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1821
| election_date = April 3, 1820
| image_size = 150px
| image1 = Governor William King in 1806.png
| candidate1 = [[William King (governor)|William King]]
| party1 = Democratic-Republican Party
| popular_vote1 = 21,083
| percentage1 = 95.3%
| map_image = 1820 Maine gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 200px
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''King:''' {{legend0|#217821|80–90%}} {{legend0|#165016|90–100%}}<br/>'''No Data/Vote:''' {{legend0|#808080}}
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[John Brooks (governor)|John Brooks (Massachusetts)]] <br><small>as Governor of Massachusetts</small>
| before_party = Federalist Party
| after_election = [[William King (governor)|William King]]
| after_party = Democratic-Republican Party
}}
The '''1820 Maine gubernatorial election''' took place on April 3, 1820. It was the first election for [[Governor of Maine]], taking place after Maine separated from [[Massachusetts]] and was recognized as a state on March 15, 1820. Maine's separation from Massachusetts came as a result of [[The Missouri Compromise]]. This election saw the virtually unanimous election of [[William King (governor)|William King]], the man most chiefly responsible for the push for Maine statehood. He had no opponents.
==Results==
{{Election box begin | title=1820 Gubernatorial Election, Maine<ref>United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860, Michael J. Dubin</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| |party = Democratic-Republican Party
|candidate = [[William King (governor)|William King]]
|votes = 21,083
|percentage = 95.3%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =
|candidate = Others
|votes = 1,031
|percentage = 4.7%
|change =
}}
{{Election box total|
|votes = 22,114
|percentage = 100%
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Maine gubernatorial elections}}
[[Category:1820 Maine elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:Maine gubernatorial elections|1820]]
[[Category:1820 United States gubernatorial elections|Maine]]
[[Category:April 1820]]
{{Maine-election-stub}}
| 1,271,232,933 |
[{"title": "1820 Maine gubernatorial election", "data": {"Candidate": "William King", "Party": "Democratic-Republican", "Popular vote": "21,083", "Percentage": "95.3%", "Governor before election \u00b7 John Brooks (Massachusetts) \u00b7 as Governor of Massachusetts \u00b7 Federalist": "Elected Governor \u00b7 William King \u00b7 Democratic-Republican"}}]
| false |
# 1801 in rail transport
This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1801.
## Events
### May
- May 21 – The Surrey Iron Railway in England is authorised by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the first railway company established by statute and independently of a canal company.[1]
### December
- December 24 – Richard Trevithick demonstrates the first full-sized road locomotive to the public, successfully carrying a number of men up Beacon Hill, Camborne in Cornwall.[2]
## Births
- September 8 – Byron Kilbourn, president of the Milwaukee and Mississippi Railroad 1849–1852 (d. 1870).
|
enwiki/1490043
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enwiki
| 1,490,043 |
1801 in rail transport
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1801_in_rail_transport
|
2022-06-19T16:32:33Z
|
en
|
Q2809702
| 17,273 |
{{Short description|none}}
{{Year in rail transport|prev=1800|curr=1801|next=1802|decade=1800}}
==Events==
===May===
*May 21 – The [[Surrey Iron Railway]] in England is authorised by the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]], the first railway company established by [[statute]] and independently of a canal company.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Dorian|last=Gerhold|title=The rise and fall of the Surrey Iron Railway, 1802–46|journal=Surrey Archaeological Collections|publisher=[[Surrey Archaeological Society]]|volume=95|year=2010|pages=193–210}}</ref>
===December===
*December 24 – [[Richard Trevithick]] demonstrates the first full-sized road locomotive to the public, successfully carrying a number of men up Beacon Hill, [[Camborne]] in [[Cornwall]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kipnotes.com/Railroads.htm|title=Railroads – Business History of Companies|work=KipNotes.com|accessdate=2008-07-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705140646/http://www.kipnotes.com/Railroads.htm|archivedate=5 July 2008 <!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref>
==Births==
* September 8 – [[Byron Kilbourn]], president of the [[Milwaukee and Mississippi Railroad]] 1849–1852 (d. 1870).
== References ==
{{reflist}}
| 1,093,913,491 |
[]
| false |
# 1939–40 Luxembourg National Division
The 1939–40 Luxembourg National Division was the 30th season of top level association football in Luxembourg.
## Overview
It was performed in 10 teams, and Stade Dudelange won the championship.
## League standings
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | ----------------------- | --- | -- | - | -- | -- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Stade Dudelange | 18 | 13 | 5 | 0 | 68 | 21 | +47 | 31 |
| 2 | US Dudelange | 18 | 11 | 2 | 5 | 79 | 34 | +45 | 24 |
| 3 | FC Progrès Niedercorn | 18 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 49 | 34 | +15 | 22 |
| 4 | National Schifflange | 18 | 8 | 3 | 7 | 41 | 45 | −4 | 19 |
| 5 | CA Spora Luxembourg | 18 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 36 | 37 | −1 | 18 |
| 6 | Union Luxembourg | 18 | 8 | 1 | 9 | 49 | 43 | +6 | 17 |
| 7 | FA Red Boys Differdange | 18 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 48 | 51 | −3 | 16 |
| 8 | Chiers Rodange | 18 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 36 | 54 | −18 | 14 |
| 9 | Jeunesse Esch | 18 | 6 | 0 | 12 | 30 | 51 | −21 | 12 |
| 10 | AS Differdange | 18 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 34 | 100 | −66 | 7 |
## Results
| Home \ Away | CHI | ASD | USD | JEU | NAT | PRO | RBD | SPO | STD | UNI |
| -------------------- | --- | ---- | ---- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chiers Rodange | | 7–2 | 2–10 | 2–4 | 2–2 | 0–3 | 2–1 | 1–2 | 4–4 | 3–1 |
| AS Differdange | 1–0 | | 3–9 | 0–3 | 2–7 | 4–9 | 3–4 | 3–0 | 1–8 | 0–7 |
| US Dudelange | 5–0 | 8–0 | | 2–0 | 1–2 | 4–0 | 8–1 | 6–0 | 3–3 | 4–2 |
| Jeunesse Esch | 2–4 | 2–5 | 1–5 | | 0–1 | 4–3 | 0–3 | 2–1 | 0–6 | 4–1 |
| National Schifflange | 1–2 | 4–3 | 5–2 | 4–2 | | 3–0 | 4–2 | 1–1 | 0–5 | 2–3 |
| Progrès Niederkorn | 2–1 | 4–2 | 3–3 | 3–0 | 5–0 | | 1–1 | 1–0 | 2–2 | 5–0 |
| Red Boys Differdange | 4–2 | 1–1 | 2–7 | 3–2 | 5–2 | 2–4 | | 6–1 | 2–3 | 7–1 |
| Spora Luxembourg | 3–1 | 6–1 | 4–1 | 2–3 | 0–0 | 5–2 | 3–2 | | 0–1 | 3–2 |
| Stade Dudelange | 6–1 | 11–1 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 6–2 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 3–2 | | 0–0 |
| Union Luxembourg | 1–2 | 10–2 | 4–1 | 5–1 | 4–1 | 2–1 | 4–1 | 1–3 | 1–3 | |
1. ↑ Match awarded.
|
enwiki/18054187
|
enwiki
| 18,054,187 |
1939–40 Luxembourg National Division
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939%E2%80%9340_Luxembourg_National_Division
|
2023-02-02T22:54:50Z
|
en
|
Q2953045
| 75,972 |
{{ infobox football league season
| image =
| caption =
| competition = [[Luxembourg National Division]]
| season = 1939–40
| winners = Stade Dudelange (2nd title)
| promoted =
| relegated =
| continentalcup1 =
| continentalcup1 qualifiers =
| continentalcup2 =
| continentalcup2 qualifiers =
| matches = 90
| total goals = 470
| league topscorer =
| biggest home win =
| biggest away win =
| highest scoring = AS Differdange 4–9 FC Progrès Niedercorn
| longest wins =
| longest unbeaten =
| longest winless =
| longest losses =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[1938–39 Luxembourg National Division|1938–39]]
| nextseason = [[1944–45 Luxembourg National Division|1944–45]]
}}
The '''1939–40 [[Luxembourg National Division]]''' was the 30th season of top level [[association football]] in [[Luxembourg]].
==Overview==
It was performed in 10 teams, and [[Stade Dudelange]] won the championship.
==League standings==
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=Q
|winpoints=2
|team1=STD|name_STD=[[Stade Dudelange]]
|team2=USD|name_USD=[[F91 Dudelange|US Dudelange]]
|team3=PRO|name_PRO=[[FC Progrès Niedercorn]]
|team4=NAT|name_NAT=[[FC Schifflange 95|National Schifflange]]
|team5=SPO|name_SPO=[[CA Spora Luxembourg]]
|team6=UNI|name_UNI=[[Union Luxembourg]]
|team7=RBD|name_RBD=[[FA Red Boys Differdange]]
|team8=CHI|name_CHI=[[FC Rodange 91|Chiers Rodange]]
|team9=JEU|name_JEU=[[Jeunesse Esch]]
|team10=DIF|name_DIF=[[FC Differdange 03|AS Differdange]]
|win_STD=13|draw_STD=5|loss_STD=0|gf_STD=68|ga_STD=21
|win_USD=11|draw_USD=2|loss_USD=5|gf_USD=79|ga_USD=34
|win_PRO=9|draw_PRO=4|loss_PRO=5|gf_PRO=49|ga_PRO=34
|win_NAT=8|draw_NAT=3|loss_NAT=7|gf_NAT=41|ga_NAT=45
|win_SPO=8|draw_SPO=2|loss_SPO=8|gf_SPO=36|ga_SPO=37
|win_UNI=8|draw_UNI=1|loss_UNI=9|gf_UNI=49|ga_UNI=43
|win_RBD=7|draw_RBD=2|loss_RBD=9|gf_RBD=48|ga_RBD=51
|win_CHI=6|draw_CHI=2|loss_CHI=10|gf_CHI=36|ga_CHI=54
|win_JEU=6|draw_JEU=0|loss_JEU=12|gf_JEU=30|ga_JEU=51
|win_DIF=3|draw_DIF=1|loss_DIF=14|gf_DIF=34|ga_DIF=100
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesl/luxhist.html rsssf.com]
}}
==Results==
{{#invoke:sports results|main
|matches_style=FBR|solid_cell=grey
|team1=CHI|team2=ASD|team3=USD|team4=JEU|team5=NAT
|team6=PRO|team7=RBD|team8=SPO|team9=STD|team10=UNI
|name_STD=[[Stade Dudelange]]
|match_STD_USD=2–0
|match_STD_PRO=1–1
|match_STD_NAT=6–2
|match_STD_SPO=3–2
|match_STD_UNI=0–0
|match_STD_RBD=3–1
|match_STD_CHI=6–1
|match_STD_JEU=1–0
|match_STD_ASD=11–1
|name_USD=[[F91 Dudelange|US Dudelange]]
|match_USD_STD=3–3
|match_USD_PRO=4–0
|match_USD_NAT=1–2
|match_USD_SPO=6–0
|match_USD_UNI=4–2
|match_USD_RBD=8–1
|match_USD_CHI=5–0
|match_USD_JEU=2–0
|match_USD_ASD=8–0
|name_PRO=[[FC Progrès Niederkorn|Progrès Niederkorn]]
|match_PRO_STD=2–2
|match_PRO_USD=3–3
|match_PRO_NAT=5–0
|match_PRO_SPO=1–0
|match_PRO_UNI=5–0
|match_PRO_RBD=1–1
|match_PRO_CHI=2–1
|match_PRO_JEU=3–0
|match_PRO_ASD=4–2
|name_NAT=[[FC Schifflange 95|National Schifflange]]
|match_NAT_STD=0–5
|match_NAT_USD=5–2
|match_NAT_PRO=3–0
|match_NAT_SPO=1–1
|match_NAT_UNI=2–3
|match_NAT_RBD=4–2
|match_NAT_CHI=1–2
|match_NAT_JEU=4–2
|match_NAT_ASD=4–3
|name_SPO=[[CA Spora Luxembourg|Spora Luxembourg]]
|match_SPO_STD=0–1
|match_SPO_USD=4–1
|match_SPO_PRO=5–2
|match_SPO_NAT=0–0
|match_SPO_UNI=3–2
|match_SPO_RBD=3–2
|match_SPO_CHI=3–1
|match_SPO_JEU=2–3
|match_SPO_ASD=6–1
|name_UNI=[[Union Luxembourg]]
|match_UNI_STD=1–3
|match_UNI_USD=4–1
|match_UNI_PRO=2–1
|match_UNI_NAT=4–1
|match_UNI_SPO=1–3
|match_UNI_RBD=4–1
|match_UNI_CHI=1–2
|match_UNI_JEU=5–1
|match_UNI_ASD=10–2
|name_RBD=[[FA Red Boys Differdange|Red Boys Differdange]]
|match_RBD_STD=2–3
|match_RBD_USD=2–7
|match_RBD_PRO=2–4
|match_RBD_NAT=5–2
|match_RBD_SPO=6–1
|match_RBD_UNI=7–1
|match_RBD_CHI=4–2
|match_RBD_JEU=3–2
|match_RBD_ASD=1–1
|name_CHI=[[FC Rodange 91|Chiers Rodange]]
|match_CHI_STD=4–4
|match_CHI_USD=2–10
|match_CHI_PRO=0–3
|match_CHI_NAT=2–2
|match_CHI_SPO=1–2
|match_CHI_UNI=3–1
|match_CHI_RBD=2–1
|match_CHI_JEU=2–4
|match_CHI_ASD=7–2
|name_JEU=[[Jeunesse Esch]]
|match_JEU_STD=0–6
|match_JEU_USD=1–5
|match_JEU_PRO=4–3
|match_JEU_NAT=0–1
|match_JEU_SPO=2–1
|match_JEU_UNI=4–1
|match_JEU_RBD=0–3
|match_JEU_CHI=2–4
|match_JEU_ASD=2–5
|name_ASD=[[FC Differdange 03|AS Differdange]]
|match_ASD_STD=1–8
|match_ASD_USD=3–9
|match_ASD_PRO=4–9
|match_ASD_NAT=2–7
|match_ASD_SPO=3–0
|match_ASD_UNI=0–7
|match_ASD_RBD=3–4
|match_ASD_CHI=1–0
|match_ASD_JEU=0–3
|match_ASD_JEU_note=Match awarded.
|update=complete|source=
}}
==References==
*[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesl/luxhist.html Luxembourg - List of final tables (RSSSF)]
{{Luxembourg National Division seasons}}
{{1939–40 in European football (UEFA)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1939-40 Luxembourg National Division}}
[[Category:Luxembourg National Division seasons]]
[[Category:1939–40 in European association football leagues|Lux]]
[[Category:1939–40 in Luxembourgian football]]
| 1,137,123,351 |
[{"title": "Luxembourg National Division", "data": {"Season": "1939\u201340", "Champions": "Stade Dudelange (2nd title)", "Matches played": "90", "Goals scored": "470 (5.22 per match)", "Highest scoring": "AS Differdange 4\u20139 FC Progr\u00e8s Niedercorn"}}]
| false |
# 1306 in Ireland
Events from the year 1306 in Ireland.
## Incumbent
- Lord: Edward I
## Events
- Thomas Cantock, Bishop of Emly[1] became Lord Chancellor of Ireland
|
enwiki/51669701
|
enwiki
| 51,669,701 |
1306 in Ireland
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1306_in_Ireland
|
2024-12-22T19:33:24Z
|
en
|
Q28224844
| 143,247 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Use Hiberno-English|date=December 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
{{YearInIrelandNav | 1306 }}
Events from the year '''1306 in Ireland'''.
==Incumbent==
*[[Lord of Ireland|Lord]]: [[Edward I of England|Edward I]]
==Events==
*[[Thomas Cantock]], [[Bishop of Emly]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Ball |first=Francis Elrington |author-link=F. Elrington Ball |date=2005 |title=The Judges in Ireland, 1221-1921 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rqeSXWqKAD8C&q=Thomas%20Cantock |location=United States |publisher=Lawbook Exchange |page=57 |isbn=9781014517296 |access-date=February 26, 2024}}</ref> became [[Lord Chancellor of Ireland]]
==Deaths==
{{Empty section|date=September 2016}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Years in Ireland}}
{{Year in Europe|1306}}
{{Ireland-year-stub}}
| 1,264,642,393 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1305 - 1304 - 1303 - 1302 - 1301": "1306 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Ireland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1307 - 1308 - 1309 - 1310 - 1311", "Centuries": "12th 13th 14th 15th 16th", "Decades": "1280s 1290s 1300s 1310s 1320s", "See also": "Other events of 1306 \u00b7 List of years in Ireland"}}]
| false |
# 1936–37 European Rugby League Championship
This was the third European Championship and was won for the second consecutive time by Wales.
## Results
| 7 November |
| Wales | 3 – 2 | England |
| | | |
| Taff Vale Park, Pontypridd Attendance: 12,000 |
| 6 December |
| France | 3 – 9 | Wales |
| | | |
| Stade Buffalo, Paris Attendance: 17,000 |
| 10 April |
| England | 23 – 9 | France |
| | | |
| Thrum Hall, Halifax Attendance: 7,024 |
### Final standings
| Team | Played | Won | Drew | Lost | For | Against | Diff | Points |
| ------- | ------ | --- | ---- | ---- | --- | ------- | ---- | ------ |
| Wales | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 5 | +7 | 4 |
| England | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 25 | 12 | +13 | 2 |
| France | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 32 | −20 | 0 |
|
enwiki/2932027
|
enwiki
| 2,932,027 |
1936–37 European Rugby League Championship
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936%E2%80%9337_European_Rugby_League_Championship
|
2017-06-08T15:06:56Z
|
en
|
Q3654031
| 56,199 |
{{One source|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox rugby league international tournament
| year = 1936–37
| title = European Championship
| image =
| imagesize = 250px
| finalists = 3
| winners = Wales
| count = 2
| matches = 3
| attendance =
| points =
| tries =
| topscorer-flag =
| topscorer = <!-- [[player]] (x) -->
| top try scorer-flag =
| top try scorer = <!-- [[player]] (x) -->
| tournaments = Rugby League European Cup
| last = [[1935–36 European Rugby League Championship|1935–36]]
| next = [[1938 European Rugby League Championship|1938]]
}}
This was the third European Championship and was won for the second consecutive time by Wales.<ref>{{cite book |title=Rothmans Rugby League Yearbook 1995-1996 |author1=Raymond Fletcher |author2=David Howes|year=1995|publisher=Headline Book Publishing |location=London |isbn=0-7472-7817-2|page=424}}</ref>
{{-}}
==Results==
{{Rugbybox |
date = 7 November |
home = {{Rl-rt|WAL}} |
score = 3 – 2 |
away = {{Rl|ENG}} |
stadium = [[Taff Vale Park]], [[Pontypridd]] |
attendance = 12,000 |
}}
----
{{Rugbybox |
date = 6 December |
home = {{Rl-rt|FRA}} |
score = 3 – 9 |
away = {{Rl|WAL}} |
stadium = [[Stade Buffalo]], [[Paris]] |
attendance = 17,000 |
}}
----
{{Rugbybox |
date = 10 April |
home = {{Rl-rt|ENG}} |
score = 23 – 9 |
away = {{Rl|FRA}} |
stadium = [[Thrum Hall]], [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]] |
attendance = 7,024 |
}}
===Final standings===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Team !! Played !! Won !! Drew !! Lost !! For !! Against !! Diff !! Points
|-
|align=left| {{Rl|Wales}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 12 || 5 || +7 || 4
|-
|align=left| {{Rl|England}} || 2 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 25 || 12 || +13 || 2
|-
|align=left| {{Rl|France}} || 2 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 12 || 32 || −20 || 0
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Enc}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1936-37 European Rugby League Championship}}
[[Category:European Nations Cup]]
[[Category:1936 in rugby league|European rugby league championship]]
[[Category:1937 in rugby league|European rugby league championship]]
[[Category:International rugby league competitions hosted by the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:International rugby league competitions hosted by France]]
{{Rugbyleague-competition-stub}}
| 784,478,139 |
[{"title": "1936\u201337 European Championship", "data": {"Number of teams": "3", "Winner": "Wales (2nd title)", "Matches played": "3"}}]
| false |
# 1824 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
South Carolina elected its members October 11–12, 1824.
| District | Incumbent | Incumbent | Incumbent | This race | This race |
| District | Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| ---------------- | ------------------ | ----------------------------- | -------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| South Carolina 1 | Joel R. Poinsett | Jackson Democratic-Republican | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian. | - Joel R. Poinsett (Jacksonian) 58.2% - Samuel Warren 41.8% |
| South Carolina 2 | James Hamilton Jr. | Jackson Democratic-Republican | 1822 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian. | - James Hamilton Jr. (Jacksonian) |
| South Carolina 3 | Robert B. Campbell | Jackson Democratic-Republican | 1823 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian gain. | - Thomas R. Mitchell (Jacksonian) 100% |
| South Carolina 4 | Andrew R. Govan | Jackson Democratic-Republican | 1822 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian. | - Andrew R. Govan (Jacksonian) |
| South Carolina 5 | George McDuffie | Jackson Democratic-Republican | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian. | - George McDuffie (Jacksonian) |
| South Carolina 6 | John Wilson | Jackson Democratic-Republican | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian. | - John Wilson (Jacksonian) 50.8% - Warren R. Davis (Jacksonian) 49.2% |
| South Carolina 7 | Joseph Gist | Jackson Democratic-Republican | 1820 | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian. | - Joseph Gist (Jacksonian) 56.9% - James McCreary (Anti-Jacksonian) 28.9% - Fracis W. Davie (Jacksonian) 14.4% |
| South Carolina 8 | John Carter | Jackson Democratic-Republican | 1822 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian. | - John Carter (Jacksonian) 46.2% - James G. Spann 27.9% - Chapman Levy 25.9% |
| South Carolina 9 | Starling Tucker | Jackson Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian. | - Starling Tucker (Jacksonian) |
|
enwiki/38325823
|
enwiki
| 38,325,823 |
1824 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1824_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_South_Carolina
|
2024-07-03T13:49:05Z
|
en
|
Q65089704
| 185,012 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Elections in South Carolina}}
South Carolina elected its members October 11–12, 1824.
{| class=wikitable
|-
! rowspan=2 | District{{efn | name="numbers" | District numbers vary between sources.}}
! colspan=3 | Incumbent
! colspan=2 | This race
|-
! Member
! Party
! First elected
! Results
! Candidates
|-
| {{ushr|SC|1|X}}
| [[Joel R. Poinsett]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Jackson Democratic-Republican
| [[1820 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina|1820]]
| {{Party shading/Jacksonian/Hold}} | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* '''{{aye}} [[Joel R. Poinsett]]''' (Jacksonian) 58.2%
* Samuel Warren 41.8%
}}
|-
| {{ushr|SC|2|X}}
| [[James Hamilton Jr.]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Jackson Democratic-Republican
| [[1822 South Carolina's 2nd congressional district special election|1822 (Special)]]
| {{Party shading/Jacksonian/Hold}} | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* '''{{aye}} [[James Hamilton Jr.]]'''{{efn | name="nr" | Source does not give numbers of votes or has incomplete data.}} (Jacksonian)
}}
|-
| {{ushr|SC|3|X}}
| [[Robert B. Campbell]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Jackson Democratic-Republican
| [[1823 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina|1823]]
| {{Party shading/Jacksonian}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New member elected.<br/>'''Jacksonian gain'''.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* '''{{aye}} [[Thomas R. Mitchell]]''' (Jacksonian) 100%
}}
|-
| {{ushr|SC|4|X}}
| [[Andrew R. Govan]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Jackson Democratic-Republican
| [[1822 South Carolina's 4th congressional district special election|1822 (Special)]]
| {{Party shading/Jacksonian/Hold}} | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* '''{{aye}} [[Andrew R. Govan]]''' (Jacksonian){{efn | name="nr2" | Source does not give complete data, but partial returns available in source suggest a very large margin.}}
}}
|-
| {{ushr|SC|5|X}}
| [[George McDuffie]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Jackson Democratic-Republican
| [[1820 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina|1820]]
| {{Party shading/Jacksonian/Hold}} | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* '''{{aye}} [[George McDuffie]]'''{{efn | name="nr"}} (Jacksonian)
}}
|-
| {{ushr|SC|6|X}}
| [[John Wilson (South Carolina)|John Wilson]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Jackson Democratic-Republican
| [[1820 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina|1820]]
| {{Party shading/Jacksonian/Hold}} | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* '''{{aye}} [[John Wilson (South Carolina)|John Wilson]]''' (Jacksonian) 50.8%
* [[Warren R. Davis]] (Jacksonian) 49.2%
}}
|-
| {{ushr|SC|7|X}}
| [[Joseph Gist]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Jackson Democratic-Republican
| [[1820 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina|1820]]
| {{Party shading/Jacksonian/Hold}} | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* '''{{aye}} [[Joseph Gist]]''' (Jacksonian) 56.9%
* James McCreary (Anti-Jacksonian) 28.9%
* Fracis W. Davie (Jacksonian) 14.4%
}}
|-
| {{ushr|SC|8|X}}
| [[John Carter (South Carolina)|John Carter]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Jackson Democratic-Republican
| [[1822 South Carolina's 9th congressional district special election|1822 (Special)]]
| {{Party shading/Jacksonian/Hold}} | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* '''{{aye}} [[John Carter (South Carolina)|John Carter]]''' (Jacksonian) 46.2%
* James G. Spann 27.9%
* Chapman Levy 25.9%
}}
|-
| {{ushr|SC|9|X}}
| [[Starling Tucker]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Jackson Democratic-Republican
| [[1816 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina|1816]]
| {{Party shading/Jacksonian/Hold}} | Incumbent re-elected as Jacksonian.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* '''{{aye}} [[Starling Tucker]]'''{{efn | name="nr"}} (Jacksonian)
}}
|}
== See also ==
* [[1825 South Carolina's 1st congressional district special election]]
* [[1824 and 1825 United States House of Representatives elections]]
* [[List of United States representatives from South Carolina]]
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
{{United States House of Representatives elections}}
[[Category:United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina|1824]]
[[Category:1824 United States House of Representatives elections|South Carolina]]
[[Category:1824 South Carolina elections|United States House of Representatives]]
{{SouthCarolina-election-stub}}
| 1,232,386,387 |
[]
| false |
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