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# 1856 in science
The year 1856 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
## Archaeology
- First remains of Neanderthal Man found in the Neandertal Valley of Germany.[1]
## Astronomy
- N. R. Pogson proposes that the ratio used in Hipparchus' stellar apparent magnitude system should be adopted as a standard.
- NGC 6539 is discovered by Theodor Brorsen.
## Biology
- Paul Du Chaillu becomes the first European to observe gorillas in the wild.[2]
- Gregor Mendel starts his research on genetics.
- Lev Tsenkovsky introduces the concept that the lower algae and other infusoria are unicellular organisms.[3]
## Chemistry
- March – William Perkin first discovers an aniline dye, mauveine.[4]
- Alexander Parkes patents the first thermoplastic, Parkesine.[5]
- Louis Pasteur crystallizes galactose.[6]
- Charles-Adolphe Wurtz discovers the glycols.
## Exploration
- May 20 – Dr David Livingstone arrives at Quelimane on the Indian Ocean having completed a 2-year transcontinental journey across Africa from Luanda.[7]
- Thomas Montgomerie of the Great Trigonometric Survey of India makes the first survey of the Karakoram Range, from Mount Haramukh, 210 km (130 miles) to the south, and designates the two most prominent peaks as K1 and K2.[8]
## Mathematics
- Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton invents the icosian game, which involves finding the Hamiltonian path on a dodecahedron.
## Meteorology
- August 23 – Eunice Newton Foote's paper on "Circumstances affecting the heat of the sun's rays" read at the American Association for the Advancement of Science presents the causes of the greenhouse effect.
- October 4 – American meteorologist William Ferrel demonstrates the tendency of rising and rotating warm air to pull in air from more southerly, warmer regions and transport it poleward.[9]
## Paleontology
- American paleontologist Joseph Leidy describes the new tyrannosaurid dinosaur genus and species Deinodon horridus.[10]
## Physics
- Henry Darcy formulates Darcy's law on fluid flow.[11]
## Technology
- September 22 – British metallurgist Robert Mushet patents improvements to the Bessemer process for the production of steel.[12]
- English agricultural engineer John Fowler first demonstrates his steam-driven agricultural ploughing system.[13]
- English engineer John Ramsbottom invents a tamper-proof spring safety valve for steam locomotives.[14]
- French chemist Alphonse Louis Poitevin invents the collotype photographic process.
- Tinsmith Ralph Collier of Baltimore, Maryland, patents the first egg beater with rotating parts.[15]
- James Harrison produces the world's first practical ice making machine and refrigerator using the principle of vapour compression in Geelong, Australia.[16]
- Moravian Leopold Breit introduces Streichmelodion.
- Sarrusophone patented.
- Approximate date – Bandoneon invented.
## Awards
- Copley Medal: Henri Milne-Edwards[17]
- Wollaston Medal for Geology: William Edmond Logan
## Births
- February 15 – Emil Kraepelin (died 1926), German psychiatrist.
- March 9 – Edward Goodrich Acheson (died 1931), American industrial chemist.
- May 6
- Sigmund Freud (died 1939), Austrian psychoanalyst.
- Robert Peary (died 1920), American polar explorer.
- May 19 – Nadezhda Ziber-Shumova (died 1916), Russian biochemist.
- July 10 – Nikola Tesla (died 1943), Serb inventor.
- August 27 – Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen (died 1921), Danish ornithologist.
- August 30 – Charles Alfred Ballance (died 1936), English surgeon.
- September 14 – Sergei Winogradsky (died 1953), Russian microbiologist.
- December 18 – J. J. Thomson (died 1940), English physicist and Nobel laureate in physics.
## Deaths
- February 24 (February 12 Old Style) – Nikolai Lobachevsky (born 1792), Russian mathematician and geometer.
- February 25 – George Don (born 1797), Scottish botanist.
- July 9 – Amedeo Avogadro (born 1776), Italian chemist.
- August 24 – William Buckland (born 1784), English geologist and paleontologist.
- September 1 – William Yarrell (born 1784), English zoologist and bookseller.
- November 20 – Farkas Bolyai (born 1775), Hungarian mathematician.
- November 21 – James Meadows Rendel (born 1799), English civil engineer.
- December 23/24 – Hugh Miller (born 1802), Scottish geologist (suicide).
- date unknown – Enriqueta Favez (born 1791), Swiss physician and surgeon.
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1856|science}}
{{Science year nav|1856}}
The year '''1856 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below.
==Archaeology==
* First remains of [[Neanderthal]] Man found in the [[Neandertal]] Valley of [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Feldhofer |url=https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/feldhofer |website=The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program |accessdate=21 July 2020 |language=en |date=30 January 2010}}</ref>
==Astronomy==
* [[N. R. Pogson]] proposes that the ratio used in [[Hipparchus]]' stellar [[apparent magnitude]] system should be adopted as a standard.
* [[NGC 6539]] is discovered by [[Theodor Brorsen]].
==Biology==
* [[Paul Du Chaillu]] becomes the first European to observe [[gorilla]]s in the wild.<ref>''Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa, with Accounts of the Manners and Customs of the People, and of the Chace of the Gorilla, Crocodile, and other Animals'' (1861).</ref>
* [[Gregor Mendel]] starts his research on [[genetics]].
* [[Lev Tsenkovsky]] introduces the concept that the lower [[algae]] and other [[infusoria]] are [[unicellular organism]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Alexander|last=Petrunkevitch|title=Russia's Contribution to Science|journal=Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences|volume=23|year=1920|page=233}}</ref>
==Chemistry==
* March – [[William Henry Perkin|William Perkin]] first discovers an [[aniline]] [[dye]], [[mauveine]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Garfield|first=Simon|authorlink=Simon Garfield|title=Mauve: How One Man Invented a Colour that Changed the World|location=London|publisher=Faber|isbn=0-571-20197-0|year=2000}}</ref>
* [[Alexander Parkes]] [[patent]]s the first [[thermoplastic]], [[Parkesine]].<ref>{{cite book|last=UK Patent office|title=Patents for inventions|year=1857|publisher=UK Patent office|pages=255|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0nCoU-2tAx8C&pg=PA255}}</ref>
* [[Louis Pasteur]] crystallizes [[galactose]].<ref>Pasteur (1856). [https://archive.org/stream/ComptesRendusAcademieDesSciences0042/ComptesRendusAcadmieDesSciences-Tome042-Janvier-juin1856#page/n350/mode/1up "Note sur le sucre de lait"] (Note on milk sugar), ''[[Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences]]'', '''42''':347-351.</ref>
* [[Charles-Adolphe Wurtz]] discovers the [[glycol]]s.
==Exploration==
* May 20 – Dr [[David Livingstone]] arrives at [[Quelimane]] on the [[Indian Ocean]] having completed a 2-year transcontinental journey across [[Africa]] from [[Luanda]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Central Africa, explored|url=http://unimaps.com/cafrica-explored/print.html|work=Unimaps.com|year=2005|accessdate=2011-08-26}}</ref>
* [[Thomas George Montgomerie|Thomas Montgomerie]] of the [[Great Trigonometric Survey]] of [[India]] makes the first survey of the [[Karakoram Range]], from [[Mount Haramukh]], {{convert|130|mi|km|disp=flip|abbr=in}} to the south, and designates the two most prominent peaks as [[Masherbrum|K1]] and [[K2]].<ref>{{cite book|title=K2: the Story of the Savage Mountain|last=Curran|first=Jim|year=1995|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton|location=London|isbn=978-0-340-66007-2|page=25}}</ref>
==Mathematics==
* Irish mathematician [[William Rowan Hamilton]] invents the [[icosian game]], which involves finding the [[Hamiltonian path]] on a [[dodecahedron]].
==Meteorology==
* August 23 – [[Eunice Newton Foote]]'s paper on "Circumstances affecting the heat of the sun's rays" read at the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] presents the causes of the [[greenhouse effect]].
* October 4 – American meteorologist [[William Ferrel]] demonstrates the tendency of rising and rotating warm air to pull in air from more southerly, warmer regions and transport it poleward.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ferrel|first=W.|title=An essay on the winds and the currents of the Oceans|journal=Nashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery|year=1856|volume=11|pages=287–301|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/An_essay_on_the_winds_and_the_currents_of_the_ocean}}</ref>
==Paleontology==
* American paleontologist [[Joseph Leidy]] describes the new [[Tyrannosauridae|tyrannosaurid]] [[dinosaur]] genus and species ''[[Deinodon]] horridus''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Holtz|first=Thomas R.|authorlink=Thomas R. Holtz, Jr.|year=2004|chapter=Tyrannosauroidea|editor= Weishampel, David B.|editor2=Dodson, Peter|editor3=Osmólska, Halszka|title=The Dinosauria|edition=2nd|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|page=114|isbn=0-520-24209-2}}</ref>
==Physics==
* [[Henry Darcy]] formulates [[Darcy's law]] on fluid flow.<ref>{{cite book|first=H.|last=Darcy|title=Les Fontaines Publiques de la Ville de Dijon|publisher=Dalmont|location=Paris|year=1856}}</ref>
==Technology==
* September 22 – British metallurgist [[Robert Forester Mushet|Robert Mushet]] [[patent]]s improvements to the [[Bessemer process]] for the production of [[steel]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Stephen|last=van Dulken|title=Inventing the 19th Century: the great age of Victorian inventions|location=London|publisher=[[British Library]]|year=2001|isbn=0-7123-0881-4|page=30}}</ref>
* English agricultural engineer [[John Fowler (agricultural engineer)|John Fowler]] first demonstrates his steam-driven agricultural [[plough]]ing system.<ref>{{cite book|first=Harold|last=Bonnett|title=Saga of the Steam Plough|location=Newton Abbot|publisher=David & Charles|year=1972|isbn=0715357425}}</ref>
* English engineer [[John Ramsbottom (engineer)|John Ramsbottom]] invents a tamper-proof spring [[safety valve]] for [[steam locomotive]]s.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|year=1908|title=Safety Valve, Ramsbottom Valves|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0cwAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA15|encyclopedia=Henley's Encyclopedia of Practical Engineering|publisher=The N. W. Henley Publishing Co|location=New York|accessdate=2009-06-13}}</ref>
* French chemist [[Alphonse Louis Poitevin]] invents the [[collotype]] photographic process.
* [[Tinsmith]] Ralph Collier of [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], patents the first egg beater with rotating parts.<ref>{{US patent|16267}}.</ref>
* [[James Harrison (engineer)|James Harrison]] produces the world's first practical ice making machine and refrigerator using the principle of vapour compression in Geelong, Australia.<ref>{{cite web|title=An Act to render valid a Patent heretofore granted to James Harrison for Manufacturing Ice|publisher=Flinders University|location=Adelaide|url=https://dspace.flinders.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2328/2352/1/PAct21862.pdf}}</ref>
* Moravian Leopold Breit introduces [[Streichmelodion]].
* [[Sarrusophone]] patented.
* Approximate date – [[Bandoneon]] invented.
==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: [[Henri Milne-Edwards]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=23 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Wollaston Medal]] for Geology: [[William Edmond Logan]]
==Births==
* February 15 – [[Emil Kraepelin]] (died [[1926 in science|1926]]), [[Germans|German]] [[psychiatrist]].
* March 9 – [[Edward Goodrich Acheson]] (died [[1931 in science|1931]]), [[Americans|American]] industrial chemist.
* May 6
** [[Sigmund Freud]] (died [[1939 in science|1939]]), [[Austrians|Austrian]] [[psychoanalyst]].
** [[Robert Peary]] (died [[1920 in science|1920]]), American [[Geographical pole|polar]] [[List of explorers|explorer]].
* May 19 – [[Nadezhda Ziber-Shumova]] (died [[1916 in science|1916]]), [[Russians|Russian]] [[biochemist]].
* July 10 – [[Nikola Tesla]] (died [[1943 in science|1943]]), [[Serbs|Serb]] [[inventor]].
* August 27 – [[Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen]] (died [[1921 in science|1921]]), [[Danes|Danish]] [[ornithologist]].
* August 30 – [[Charles Alfred Ballance]] (died [[1936 in science|1936]]), [[English people|English]] [[surgeon]].
* September 14 – [[Sergei Winogradsky]] (died [[1953 in science|1953]]), Russian [[microbiologist]].
* December 18 – [[J. J. Thomson]] (died [[1940 in science|1940]]), English physicist and Nobel laureate in physics.
==Deaths==
* February 24 (February 12 [[Old Style]]) – [[Nikolai Lobachevsky]] (born [[1792 in science|1792]]), [[Russia]]n [[mathematician]] and [[geometer]].
* February 25 – [[George Don]] (born [[1797 in science|1797]]), [[Scottish people|Scottish]] [[botanist]].
* July 9 – [[Amedeo Avogadro]] (born [[1776 in science|1776]]), [[Italian people|Italian]] [[chemist]].
* August 24 – [[William Buckland]] (born [[1784 in science|1784]]), [[English people|English]] [[geologist]] and [[paleontologist]].
* September 1 – [[William Yarrell]] (born 1784), English [[zoologist]] and bookseller.
* November 20 – [[Farkas Bolyai]] (born [[1775 in science|1775]]), [[Hungarians|Hungarian]] mathematician.
* November 21 – [[James Meadows Rendel (engineer)|James Meadows Rendel]] (born [[1799 in science|1799]]), English [[civil engineer]].
* December 23/24 – [[Hugh Miller]] (born [[1802 in science|1802]]), Scottish geologist (suicide).
* ''date unknown'' – [[Enriqueta Favez]] (born [[1791 in science|1791]]), Swiss physician and surgeon.
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1856 in science| ]]
[[Category:19th century in science]]
[[Category:1850s in science]]
| 1,255,833,204 |
[]
| false |
# 1801 in Australia
The following lists events that happened during 1801 in Australia.
## Incumbents
- Monarch - George III
### Governors
Governors of the Australian colonies:
- Governor of New South Wales – Captain Philip King[1]
## Events
- 14 September – John Macarthur takes part in a duel with his commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel William Paterson. Paterson is severely wounded in the shoulder, and Macarthur is arrested the next day. Governor King offers to release him on Norfolk Island but Macarthur refuses and is sent to England to be court martialed.[2][3]
- The schooner Cumberland (28 tons) is launched in Sydney.[4] The vessel was purchased by the government and became the first armed vessel belonging to the colony.
## Exploration and settlement
- January – Brig Harbinger, under John Black, is the second vessel to sail through Bass Strait en route to Port Jackson.[5][6]
- 27 May – The French cartographic expedition of Nicolas Baudin sights Cape Hamelin.[7]
- 6 December – Matthew Flinders reaches Cape Leeuwin on HMS Investigator and proceeds to make a survey along the southern coast of the Australian mainland.[8]
## Births
- 21 January – John Batman, founder of Victoria (died 1839)[9]
## Deaths
- 8 June – Thomas Vasse, French sailor[10]
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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use Australian English|date=January 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Year in Australia|1801}}
The following lists events that happened during '''1801 in Australia'''.
==Incumbents==
*Monarch - [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]]
===Governors===
[[Governors of the Australian states|Governors of the Australian colonies]]:
*[[Governor of New South Wales]] – [[Philip Gidley King|Captain Philip King]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shaw|first1=A. G. L.|title=King, Philip Dickley (1758–1808)|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/king-philip-gidley-2309|website=Australian Dictionary of Biography|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref>
==Events==
* 14 September – [[John Macarthur (wool pioneer)|John Macarthur]] takes part in a [[duel]] with his commanding officer, [[William Paterson (explorer)|Lieutenant Colonel William Paterson]]. Paterson is severely wounded in the shoulder, and Macarthur is arrested the next day. [[Philip Gidley King|Governor King]] offers to release him on [[Norfolk Island]] but Macarthur refuses and is sent to England to be [[court martial|court martia]]led.<ref>{{cite web|title=14 Sep 1801 - John Macarthur arrested after a duel|url=https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/magazine/onthisday/14-september-1801|website=www.records.nsw.gov.au|access-date=5 April 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lachlan and Elizabeth Macquarie Archive: Biographical Register|url=https://www.mq.edu.au/macquarie-archive/lema/biographies/bioregister/p.html|website=www.mq.edu.au|access-date=5 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>
* The schooner ''[[HMS Cumberland (1803)|Cumberland]]'' (28 tons) is launched in Sydney.<ref>John Ross (general editor) (1993) ''Chronicle of Australia'', Melbourne, Chronicle Australia, p.115. {{ISBN|1-872031-83-8}}</ref> The vessel was purchased by the [[Colony of New South Wales|government]] and became the first armed vessel [[List of colonial vessels of New South Wales|belonging to the colony]].
==Exploration and settlement==
* January – Brig ''[[Norfolk (1801 brig)|Harbinger]]'', under [[John Black (privateer)|John Black]], is the second vessel to sail through [[Bass Strait]] en route to [[Port Jackson]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The National Archives|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C11736736|website=discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Flinders|first1=Matthew|title=A Voyage to Terra Australis: Undertaken for the Purpose of Completing the Discovery of that Vast Country, and Prosecuted in the Years 1801, 1802, and 1803|date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781108018180|page=205|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbEKOOiocmEC&pg=PA205|language=en}}</ref>
* 27 May – The French cartographic expedition of [[Nicolas Baudin]] sights [[Cape Hamelin]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Design|first1=UBC Web|title=Baudin Expedition|url=http://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/landscape/exploration/display/60052-baudin-expedition|website=monumentaustralia.org.au|access-date=5 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>
* 6 December – [[Matthew Flinders]] reaches [[Cape Leeuwin]] on {{HMS|Investigator|1798|6}} and proceeds to make a survey along the southern coast of the Australian mainland.<ref>{{cite web|title=Matthew Flinders (1774-1814)|url=http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/encounter/flinders/bio.htm|website=www.slsa.sa.gov.au|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref>
<!--
==Science and technology==
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==Arts and literature==
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==Sport==
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==Births==
* 21 January – [[John Batman]], founder of Victoria (died [[1839 in Australia|1839]])<ref>{{cite web|last1=Brown|first1=P. L.|title=Batman, John (1801–1839)|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/batman-john-1752|website=Australian Dictionary of Biography|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref>
==Deaths==
* 8 June – [[Thomas Vasse]], French sailor<ref>{{cite web|title=Library POWAnet Pages|url=http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/intranet/libpages.nsf/589198976847966848256e5a0008666d/e45c6aabc7bc94cf48256ed9002e2289?OpenDocument|website=www.parliament.wa.gov.au|access-date=5 April 2018|archive-date=5 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405154736/http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/intranet/libpages.nsf/589198976847966848256e5a0008666d/e45c6aabc7bc94cf48256ed9002e2289?OpenDocument|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Years in Australia}}
{{Oceania topic|1801 in|countries_only=yes}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1801 in Australia}}
[[Category:1801 in Australia| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in Australia]]
| 1,226,400,618 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1800 - 1799 - 1798": "1801 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Australia \u00b7 \u2192 - 1802 - 1803 - 1804", "Decades": "1780s 1790s 1800s 1810s 1820s", "See also": "Other events of 1801 Timeline of Australian history"}}]
| false |
# 1895 WAFA season
The 1895 WAFA season was the 11th season of senior Australian rules football in Perth, Western Australia. Fremantle won their eighth premiership and forth consecutive premiership of five. The Imperials Football Club were admitted into the league this season, having previously competed in the West Australian Junior Football Association.
## Ladder
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | D | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | ------------- | --- | -- | -- | - | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Fremantle (P) | 17 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 130 | 50 | +80 | 29 |
| 2 | Rovers | 16 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 77 | 52 | +25 | 23 |
| 3 | Imperials | 18 | 5 | 13 | 0 | 59 | 97 | −38 | 10 |
| 4 | West Perth | 15 | 2 | 13 | 0 | 36 | 103 | −67 | 4 |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895_WAFA_season
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox Australian rules football season
| competition = wafa
| year = 1895
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| teams =
| premiers = {{WAFL|Frm}}
| count = 8
| minor premiers =
| mpcount =
| matches =
| attendance =
| highattend =
| top goal scorer =
| sandover medal =
| prevseason = [[1894 WAFA season|1894]]
| nextseason = [[1896 WAFA season|1896]]
}}
The '''1895 WAFA season''' was the 11th season of senior [[Australian rules football]] in [[Perth]], Western Australia. {{WAFL|Frm}} won their eighth premiership and forth consecutive premiership of five.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gauci |first1=Ric |title=1895 Season |url=https://waflfootyfacts.net/season/games/results.php?Season=1895 |website=WAFL FootyFacts}}</ref> The [[Imperials Football Club]] were admitted into the league this season, having previously competed in the West Australian Junior Football Association.<ref>"[http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3035773 JUNIOR FIXTURES.]" – ''[[The West Australian]]''. Published 19 May 1892. Retrieved from [http://trove.nla.gov.au Trove], 9 December 2011.</ref>
==Ladder==
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|title=1895 ladder
|section=Ladder
|loss_before_draw=true|for_against_style=goals|use_goal_difference=y
|winpoints=2|drawpoints=1<!--CAN CHANGE VALUE OF WINS AND DRAWS FOR DIFFERENT LEAGUES:-->
|team1=Frm|name_Frm={{WAFL|Frm}}|win_Frm=14|loss_Frm=2|draw_Frm=1|pf_Frm=130|pa_Frm=50|status_Frm=P
|team2=Rov|name_Rov={{WAFL|Rov}}|win_Rov=11|loss_Rov=4|draw_Rov=1|pf_Rov=77|pa_Rov=52|
|team3=Imp|name_Imp={{WAFL|Imp}}|win_Imp=5|loss_Imp=13|draw_Imp=0|pf_Imp=59|pa_Imp=97|
|team4=WP|name_WP={{WAFL|WP}}|win_WP=2|loss_WP=13|draw_WP=0|pf_WP=36|pa_WP=103
|status_text_P=Premiers
|col_Q=#CCFFCC|text_Q=
|result1=Q
<!--CLASSIFICATION RULES-->
|class_rules = 1) points; 2) percentage; 3) number of points for.
|update=complete
|source=[http://waflfootyfacts.net/season/games/results.php?Season=1895#Ladder WAFL Footy Facts]
}}<!-- Note: Columns titled points for/against contains values of goals for/against. -->
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{WAFL seasons}}
[[Category:West Australian Football League seasons]]
[[Category:1895 in Australian rules football|WAFL]]
{{AFL-competition-stub}}
| 1,251,611,817 |
[{"title": "1895 WAFA season", "data": {"Premiers": "Fremantle \u00b7 8th premiership"}}]
| false |
# 120mm M2 raiado
The 120mm M2 Rifled Heavy Mortar (Portuguese: Morteiro Pesado 120mm M2 raiado) is a Brazilian 120 mm mortar designed to have great firepower, mobility, and flexibility. The RT-M2 is designed by the War Arsenal of Rio de Janeiro for the Brazilian Army artillery. The RT-M2 can be transported by ground or air, and can also be air dropped, and offers a 360° range without the necessity of re-positioning the base. The RT-M2 can use any 120 mm ammunition built to international standards.
## Characteristics
- Official name: Mrt P 120 M2 R (120 M2 heavy mortar)
- Manufacturer: AGRJ - War Arsenal of Rio de Janeiro - Arsenal D. John VI
- Caliber: 120 mm[2]
- Length: 3.060 m[3]
- Total Weight: 717 kg
- Range: 6,5 km standard projectile or 13 km additional propulsion
- Rate of fire: 18 rounds / min
- Use: Command or Automatic
Ammunition:
- Conventional: High explosive
- Signaling
- Exercise
- Illuminative
- Smoke
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/120mm_M2_raiado
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en
|
Q4548117
| 38,879 |
{{refimprove|date=October 2009}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name = 120mm M2 raiado
| image = Morteiro_02.JPG
| image_size = 300
| alt =
| caption =
| type = Heavy Mortar
| origin = [[Brazil]]
<!-- Type selection -->
| is_ranged = yes
| is_bladed =
| is_explosive = yes
| is_artillery = yes
| is_vehicle =
| is_missile =
| is_UK =
<!-- Service history -->
| service =
| used_by = [[Brazilian Army]]
| wars =
<!-- Production history -->
| designer = War Arsenal of [[Rio de Janeiro]]
| design_date =
| manufacturer = AGRJ - War Arsenal of Rio de Janeiro - Arsenal D. John VI
| unit_cost =
| production_date =
| number =
| variants =
<!-- General specifications -->
| spec_label =
| mass = {{cvt|717|kg|lb}}
| length = {{cvt|3.060|m|ft}}
| part_length =
| width =
| height =
| diameter =
| crew =
| passengers =
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
| cartridge = [[high explosive|HE]]
| cartridge_weight =
| caliber = {{convert|120|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| barrels =
| action =
| rate = 18 rounds/min
| velocity =
| range = {{cvt|6.5|km|m}} standard or {{cvt|13|km|m}} with additional propulsion
| max_range =
| feed =
| sights =
<!-- Artillery specifications -->
| breech =
| recoil =
| carriage =
| elevation =
| traverse = 360°
<!-- Explosive specifications -->
| filling =
| filling_weight =
| detonation =
| yield =
<!-- For all -->
| ref =
}}
The '''120mm M2 Rifled''' '''Heavy Mortar''' ({{langx|pt|Morteiro Pesado 120mm M2 raiado}}) is a Brazilian 120 mm mortar designed to have great firepower, mobility, and flexibility. The RT-M2 is designed by the War Arsenal of [[Rio de Janeiro]] for the [[Brazilian Army]] [[artillery]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.exercito.gov.br/01inst/armtmuni/morteiro.htm |title=.: Exército Brasileiro - Braço Forte, Mão Amiga |access-date=2009-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417071842/http://www.exercito.gov.br/01inst/armtmuni/morteiro.htm |archive-date=2010-04-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The RT-M2 can be transported by ground or air, and can also be air dropped, and offers a 360° range without the necessity of re-positioning the base. The RT-M2 can use any 120 mm ammunition built to international standards.
==Characteristics==
*Official name: Mrt P 120 M2 R (120 M2 heavy mortar)
*Manufacturer: AGRJ - War Arsenal of Rio de Janeiro - Arsenal D. John VI
*[[Caliber]]: 120 mm<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dct.eb.mil.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=57 |title=Morteiro Pesado Antecarga 120mm |access-date=2009-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416193344/http://www.dct.eb.mil.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=57 |archive-date=2009-04-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Length]]: 3.060 m<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ctex.eb.br/mrt_120_proj.htm |title=MORTEIRO PESADO 120 mm M2 RAIADO |access-date=2009-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131014818/http://www.ctex.eb.br/mrt_120_proj.htm |archive-date=2010-01-31 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Total Weight: 717 kg
*[[Range of a projectile|Range]]: 6,5 km standard projectile or 13 km additional propulsion
*[[Rate of fire]]: 18 rounds / min
*Use: Command or Automatic
Ammunition:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defesanet.com.br/laad07/3_eb_morteiros.htm|title=DefesaNet Estratégia e Defesa do Brasil e do Mundo|access-date=2009-10-20|archive-date=2022-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921213440/https://www.defesanet.com.br/laad07/3_eb_morteiros.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Conventional: [[High explosive]]
*Signaling
*Exercise
*Illuminative
*Smoke
==References==
<references/>
{{DEFAULTSORT:120mm M2 Raiado}}
[[Category:Artillery of Brazil]]
[[Category:120 mm mortars]]
{{artillery-stub}}
{{Brazil-mil-stub}}
| 1,254,821,860 |
[{"title": "120mm M2 raiado", "data": {"Type": "Heavy Mortar", "Place of origin": "Brazil"}}, {"title": "Service history", "data": {"Used by": "Brazilian Army"}}, {"title": "Production history", "data": {"Designer": "War Arsenal of Rio de Janeiro", "Manufacturer": "AGRJ - War Arsenal of Rio de Janeiro - Arsenal D. John VI"}}, {"title": "Specifications", "data": {"Mass": "717 kg (1,581 lb)", "Length": "3.060 m (10.04 ft)", "Shell": "HE", "Caliber": "120 mm (4.7 in)", "Traverse": "360\u00b0", "Rate of fire": "18 rounds/min", "Effective firing range": "6.5 km (6,500 m) standard or 13 km (13,000 m) with additional propulsion"}}]
| false |
# 1380s BC
The 1380s BC refers to the period between 1389 BC and 1380 BC, the 1380s was the second decade of the 14th century BC.
## Events and Trends
- Decline of the Minoan Culture in Crete.
- Pharaoh Amenhotep III of Egypt marries Tiye, his Chief Queen.[1]
- Amenhotep III attempts to connect the Nile and the Red Sea with a canal, this however would not be done successfully until almost 1000 years later with the opening of the Canal of the Pharaohs.[2]
## Significant people
- Amenhotep III - Pharaoh of Egypt.[3]
|
enwiki/32717990
|
enwiki
| 32,717,990 |
1380s BC
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1380s_BC
|
2023-03-08T19:20:52Z
|
en
|
Q1778625
| 28,134 |
{{Short description|Decade}}
{{Decadebox BC|138}}
The '''1380s BC''' refers to the period between ''1389 BC'' and ''1380 BC'', the 1380s was the second decade of the [[14th century BC]].
==Events and Trends==
{{dynamic list}}
* Decline of the [[Minoan Culture]] in Crete.
* Pharaoh [[Amenhotep III]] of Egypt marries [[Tiye]], his Chief Queen.<ref name=Tiy>{{Cite web |url=http://lavender.fortunecity.com/stroheim/323/amen3.html |title=Amenhotep III, the Great Hor |access-date=2018-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928151127/http://lavender.fortunecity.com/stroheim/323/amen3.html |archive-date=2011-09-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Amenhotep III attempts to connect the [[Nile]] and the [[Red Sea]] with a canal, this however would not be done successfully until almost [[millennium|1000 years]] later with the opening of the [[Canal of the Pharaohs]].<ref name=Canal>http://en.quhist.com/the-canal-of-the-pharaohs-second-longest-tunnel-roman-empire/{{Dead link|date=December 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
==Significant people==
* [[Amenhotep III]] - Pharaoh of Egypt.<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC - History - Amenhotep III |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/amenhotep_iii.shtml |website=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:14th century BC| ]]
| 1,143,600,409 |
[]
| false |
# 1868 New Jersey gubernatorial election
The 1868 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1868. Democratic nominee Theodore Fitz Randolph defeated Republican nominee John Insley Blair with 51.42% of the vote.
## General election
### Candidates
- Theodore Fitz Randolph, former State Senator for Hudson County (Democratic)
- John Insley Blair, multimillionaire railroad magnate (Republican)
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| ----------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------- | ------ | ---- |
| | Democratic | Theodore Fitz Randolph | 83,955 | 51.42% | 2.49 |
| | Republican | John Insley Blair | 79,333 | 48.58% | 2.49 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 163,288 | | |
| | Democratic gain from Republican | Democratic gain from Republican | Swing | | |
|
enwiki/49430478
|
enwiki
| 49,430,478 |
1868 New Jersey gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_New_Jersey_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-23T05:23:26Z
|
en
|
Q24456677
| 196,790 |
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1868 New Jersey gubernatorial election
| country = New Jersey
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1865 New Jersey gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1865
| next_election = 1871 New Jersey gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1871
| election_date = November 3, 1868
| image1 = File:Theodore Fitz Randolph (cropped).jpg
| nominee1 = '''[[Theodore Fitz Randolph]]'''
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''83,955'''
| percentage1 = '''51.42%'''
| image2 = File:John I. Blair (cropped).jpg
| nominee2 = [[John Insley Blair]]
| party2 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 79,333
| percentage2 = 48.58%
| image_size = x175px
| map_image = 1868 New Jersey gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 280px
| map_caption = County results <br/>'''Randolph''': {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674DE|60–70%}}<br/>'''Blair''': {{legend0|#e27f7f|50-60%}} {{legend0|#d75d5d|60–70%}}
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Marcus Lawrence Ward]]
| before_party = Republican Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Theodore Fitz Randolph]]
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsNJ}}
The '''1868 New Jersey gubernatorial election''' was held on November 3, 1868. [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee [[Theodore Fitz Randolph]] defeated [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee [[John Insley Blair]] with 51.42% of the vote.
==General election==
===Candidates===
*[[Theodore Fitz Randolph]], former State Senator for Hudson County (Democratic)
*[[John Insley Blair]], multimillionaire railroad magnate (Republican)
===Results===
{{Election box begin | title=New Jersey gubernatorial election, 1868<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CZECwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1715 |title=Guide to U.S. Elections |date= 24 December 2015|isbn=9781483380353 |access-date=2016-01-25|last1=Kalb |first1=Deborah |publisher=CQ Press }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Theodore Fitz Randolph]]
| votes = 83,955
| percentage = 51.42%
| change = {{increase}} 2.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=[[John Insley Blair]]|votes=79,333|percentage=48.58%|change={{decrease}} 2.49}}
{{Election box total||votes=163,288|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Democratic Party (United States)
| loser = Republican Party (United States)
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reconstruction Era}}
[[Category:New Jersey gubernatorial elections|1868]]
[[Category:1868 United States gubernatorial elections|New Jersey]]
[[Category:1868 New Jersey elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:November 1868]]
| 1,271,248,891 |
[{"title": "1868 New Jersey gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1865": "November 3, 1868 \u00b7 1871 \u2192", "Nominee": "Theodore Fitz Randolph \u00b7 John Insley Blair", "Party": "Democratic \u00b7 Republican", "Popular vote": "83,955 \u00b7 79,333", "Percentage": "51.42% \u00b7 48.58%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Marcus Lawrence Ward \u00b7 Republican": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Theodore Fitz Randolph \u00b7 Democratic"}}]
| false |
# 1873 in Sweden
Events from the year 1873 in Sweden
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Oscar II
## Events
- - Foundation of the first women's rights organisation in Sweden, the Married Woman's Property Rights Association.[1]
- 5 May - The Scandinavian Monetary Union is founded.
- - Swedish krona becomes the currency.
## Births
- 10 April – Ingeborg Rönnblad, actress (died 1915)
- 3 June – Anna Lisa Andersson, reporter (died 1958)
- 13 June – Karin Swanström, actress, producer and director (died 1942)
- 15 September – Ellen Hagen, suffragette, women's rights activist and politician (died 1967)
## Deaths
- 4 March - Prince August, Duke of Dalarna, royalty (born 1831)
- 27 March – Fanny Westerdahl, stage actress (died 1873)
- 31 March - Maria Magdalena Mathsdotter, Sami (died 1835)
- 20 May – Fredrica Ehrenborg, writer (born 1794)
- – Ulrika von Strussenfelt, writer (born 1801)
|
enwiki/46949547
|
enwiki
| 46,949,547 |
1873 in Sweden
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1873_in_Sweden
|
2025-03-09T07:06:31Z
|
en
|
Q20311461
| 81,929 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year in region
| year = 1873
| region = Sweden
| error = '''Template:Year in Sweden''':
| image = Swedish civil ensign (1844–1905).svg
| image_size = 90px
| see_also =
* [[1873|Other events of 1873]]
* [[Timeline of Swedish history]]
}}
[[File:Oscar II of Sweden & Sofia of Sweden coronation 1873.jpg|thumb|Oscar II & Sofia's coronation, 1873]]
Events from the year '''1873 in [[Sweden]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Swedish monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Oscar II of Sweden|Oscar II]]
==Events==
{{Expand section|date=June 2015}}
* - Foundation of the first women's rights organisation in Sweden, the [[Married Woman's Property Rights Association]].<ref>"Kvinnofrågan" i Sveriges land och folk i Projekt Runeberg</ref>
* 5 May - The [[Scandinavian Monetary Union]] is founded.
* - [[Swedish krona]] becomes the currency.
==Births==
* 10 April – [[Ingeborg Rönnblad]], actress (died [[1915 in Sweden|1915]])
* 3 June – [[Anna Lisa Andersson]], reporter (died [[1958 in Sweden|1958]])
* 13 June – [[Karin Swanström]], actress, producer and director (died [[1942 in Sweden|1942]])
* 15 September – [[Ellen Hagen]], suffragette, women's rights activist and politician (died [[1967 in Sweden|1967]])
==Deaths==
* 4 March - [[Prince August, Duke of Dalarna]], royalty (born [[1831 in Sweden|1831]])
* 27 March – [[Fanny Westerdahl]], stage actress (died 1873)
* 31 March - [[Maria Magdalena Mathsdotter]], Sami (died [[1835 in Sweden|1835]])
* 20 May – [[Fredrica Ehrenborg]], writer (born [[1794 in Sweden|1794]])
* – [[Ulrika von Strussenfelt]], writer (born [[1801 in Sweden|1801]])
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Year in Europe|1873}}
{{Years in Sweden}}
[[Category:1873 in Sweden| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in Sweden]]
[[Category:1873 by country|Sweden]]
{{Sweden-year-stub}}
| 1,279,558,704 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1872 - 1871 - 1870": "1873 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Sweden \u00b7 \u2192 - 1874 - 1875 - 1876", "Decades": "1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s", "See also": "Other events of 1873 Timeline of Swedish history"}}]
| false |
# 1410 in France
Events from the year 1410 in France
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Charles VI[1]
## Events
- Unknown – Construction is completed on the Château-Gaillard in Vannes
## Deaths
- 10 August – Louis II, Duke of Bourbon (born 1337)
|
enwiki/58110593
|
enwiki
| 58,110,593 |
1410 in France
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1410_in_France
|
2024-09-12T07:37:43Z
|
en
|
Q56292253
| 142,366 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in France header}}
{{One source|date=May 2022}}
Events from the year '''1410 in [[France]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of French monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Charles VI of France|Charles VI]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Emmerson |first1=Richard K. |title=Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia |date=18 October 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-77519-2 |page=128 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BhyOAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128 |language=en}}</ref>
==Events==
* Unknown – Construction is completed on the [[Château-Gaillard (Vannes)|Château-Gaillard]] in [[Vannes]]
==Births==
{{empty section|date=September 2021}}
==Deaths==
* 10 August – [[Louis II, Duke of Bourbon]] (born 1337)
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{France year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1410}}
[[Category:1410s in France]]
| 1,245,310,015 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1409 - 1408 - 1407 - 1406 - 1405": "1410 \u00b7 in \u00b7 France \u00b7 \u2192 - 1411 - 1412 - 1413 - 1414 - 1415", "Decades": "1390s 1400s 1410s 1420s 1430s", "See also": "Other events of 1410 \u00b7 History of France \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false |
# 1800 United States elections
Elections were held for the 7th United States Congress, in 1800 and 1801. The election took place during the First Party System, and is generally considered the first realigning election in American history. It was the first peaceful transfer of power between parties in American history. The Democratic-Republican Party won control of the presidency and both houses of Congress for the first time. Conversely, the Federalist Party would never again control the presidency or either house of Congress. Ohio was admitted as a state during the 7th Congress.
In the presidential election, Democratic-Republican Vice President Thomas Jefferson became the first Democratic-Republican President, narrowly defeating incumbent Federalist President John Adams. Jefferson again won the South and Adams again won New England, but Jefferson won by adding New York and Maryland. Jefferson tied his own running mate, former Senator Aaron Burr of New York, in electoral votes, necessitating a contingent election in the House that Jefferson won. Burr, as the runner-up, was elected vice president. The contingent election led to the passage of the Twelfth Amendment, which altered the electoral college so that electors in all future elections cast an electoral vote for president and a separate electoral vote for vice president.
In the House, Democratic-Republicans won major gains, taking control of the chamber. In the Senate, Democratic-Republicans picked up several seats, taking control of the chamber for the first time in the party's history. This marked the first of three times in American history where one party flipped both chambers of Congress and the presidency in a single election, along with 1840 and 1952.
|
enwiki/43179693
|
enwiki
| 43,179,693 |
1800 United States elections
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800_United_States_elections
|
2025-02-09T17:22:49Z
|
en
|
Q18395014
| 94,055 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox United States elections
| year = 1800
| type = ''Presidential election year''
| election_day =
| incumbent_president = [[John Adams]] (<span style="color:#800000">Federalist</span>)
| next_congress = [[7th United States Congress|7th]]
| president_control = <span style="color:#006400">Democratic-Republican gain</span>
| president_candidate1 = [[Thomas Jefferson]] (DR)
| electoral_vote1 = '''73'''<ref>Because Jefferson tied his own running mate, [[Aaron Burr]], in the electoral vote, the House of Representatives held a contingent election to determine the president. Jefferson defeated Burr in that contingent election.</ref>
| president_candidate2 = [[John Adams]] (F)
| electoral_vote2 = '''65'''
| president_map = [[File:ElectoralCollege1800.svg|350px]]
| president_map_caption = 1800 presidential election results. <span style="color:green;">Green</span> denotes states won by Jefferson, <span style="color:#EA9978;">burnt orange</span> denotes states won by Adams. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.
| senate_control = <span style="color:#006400">Democratic-Republican gain</span>
| senate_seats_contested = 10 of 32 seats<ref>Not counting special elections.</ref>
| senate_net_change = Democratic-Republican +3<ref name="nospecial">Congressional seat gain figures only reflect the results of the regularly-scheduled elections, and do not take special elections into account.</ref>
| house_control = <span style="color:#006400">Democratic-Republican gain</span>
| house_seats_contested = All 106 voting members
| house_net_change = Democratic-Republican +22<ref name="nospecial"/>
}}
[[Elections in the United States|Elections]] were held for the [[7th United States Congress]], in 1800 and 1801. The election took place during the [[First Party System]], and is generally considered the first [[realigning election]] in American history.<ref name=Reichley>{{cite book|last1=Reichley|first1=A. James|title=The Life of the Parties|date=2000|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|pages=8–12|edition=Paperback}}</ref> It was the first [[peaceful transition of power|peaceful transfer of power]] between parties in American history.<ref name=historychannel>{{cite web|title=Presidential elections|url=http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/presidential-elections|website=History.com|publisher=History Channel|access-date=September 3, 2015|archive-date=June 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614071704/https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/presidential-elections|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Democratic-Republican Party]] won control of the presidency and both houses of Congress for the first time. Conversely, the [[Federalist Party]] would never again control the presidency or either house of Congress. [[Ohio]] was admitted as a state during the 7th Congress.
In the presidential election, [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] Vice President [[Thomas Jefferson]] became the first [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] President, narrowly defeating incumbent Federalist President [[John Adams]].<ref name="APP">{{cite web |title=1800 Presidential Election |url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showelection.php?year=1800 |url-status=dead |access-date=June 25, 2014 |website=The American Presidency Project |archive-date=July 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717133135/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showelection.php?year=1800 }}</ref> Jefferson again won the [[Southern United States|South]] and Adams again won [[New England]], but Jefferson won by adding [[New York (state)|New York]] and [[Maryland]]. Jefferson tied his own running mate, former Senator [[Aaron Burr]] of [[New York (state)|New York]], in [[Electoral College (United States)|electoral votes]], necessitating a [[1800 United States presidential election#1801 contingent election|contingent election]] in the House that Jefferson won. Burr, as the runner-up, was elected vice president. The [[contingent election]] led to the passage of the [[Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twelfth Amendment]], which altered the [[United States electoral college|electoral college]] so that electors in all future elections cast an electoral vote for president and a separate electoral vote for vice president.
In the [[United States House of Representatives|House]], Democratic-Republicans won major gains, taking control of the chamber.<ref name="House Party Divisions">{{cite web|title=Party Divisions of the House of Representatives|url=http://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/|publisher=United States House of Representatives|access-date=June 25, 2014|archive-date=June 25, 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140625235351/http://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[United States Senate|Senate]], Democratic-Republicans picked up several seats, taking control of the chamber for the first time in the party's history.<ref name=SenatePartyDivision>{{cite web|title=Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present|url=https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm|publisher=United States Senate|access-date=June 25, 2014|archive-date=July 18, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718045714/https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> This marked the first of three times in American history where one party flipped both chambers of Congress and the presidency in a single election, along with 1840 and 1952.
==See also==
*[[1800 United States presidential election]]
*[[1800–01 United States House of Representatives elections]]
*[[1800–01 United States Senate elections]]
{{clear}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{1800 United States elections}}
{{United States elections}}
[[Category:1800 elections in the United States| ]]
[[Category:General elections in the United States|1800]]
{{US-election-stub}}
| 1,274,859,724 |
[{"title": "1800 United States elections", "data": {"Incumbent president": "John Adams (Federalist)", "Next Congress": "7th"}}, {"title": "Presidential election", "data": {"Partisan control": "Democratic-Republican gain", "Presidential election": ["Electoral vote", "1800 presidential election results. Green denotes states won by Jefferson, burnt orange denotes states won by Adams. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state."], "Thomas Jefferson (DR)": "73", "John Adams (F)": "65"}}, {"title": "Senate elections", "data": {"Overall control": "Democratic-Republican gain", "Seats contested": "10 of 32 seats", "Net seat change": "Democratic-Republican +3"}}, {"title": "House elections", "data": {"Overall control": "Democratic-Republican gain", "Seats contested": "All 106 voting members", "Net seat change": "Democratic-Republican +22"}}]
| false |
# 1420s
The 1420s decade ran from January 1, 1420, to December 31, 1429.
## Events
### 1420
#### January–March
- January 25 – The civil war in Switzerland, which had pitted the cantons of Lucerne, Uri and Unterwalden, supporting rebels in Valais against the Baron of Valais and against the Canton of Bern, is ended by the signing of a treaty at the neutral town of Zug, after mediation by Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy.[1]
- February 8 – Admiral Pietro Loredan of the Republic of Venice is assigned to carry out the conquest of Dalmatia (now part of Croatia) across the Adriatic Sea.[2]
- February 14 – William Taylor is acquitted of charges of heresy in a trial before the Archbishop of Canterbury, Henry Chichele. Taylor will later be convicted and burned at the stake for heresy in 1423.[3]
- March 1 – Pope Martin V issues the papal bull Omnium plasmatoris domini, calling upon Roman Catholics to unite in a crusade against what he considers heretic Christian sects, including the adherents of John Wycliffe (Lollards) and the followers of Jan Hus (Hussites).[4][5]
- March 15 – Sigismund, the Holy Roman Emperor, orders the execution of the Hussite Jan Krása, who had led an uprising against the Empire at Wroclaw.
- March 17 – Ferdinand de Palacios, an envoy of the Pope, publishes the papal bull at Wroclaw, calling for a crusade against the Hussites
- March 25 – Hussite Wars After their offer of a surrender is refused, the outnumbered Hussites of Bohemia, led by Jan Zizka, defeat the invading Holy Roman Imperial forces at the Battle of Sudoměř fought near what is now Čejetice in the Czech Republic.[6]Frederick II
- March 26 – Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg leads a decisive defeat of the Pomeranian Alliance in the battle of Angermünde.[7]
#### April–June
- April 22 – A dispute between the County of Nassau-Siegen and the Electorate of Trier over who shall be made count of Isenburg-Limburg is settled after negotiations.
- April 30 – Great Frisian War: In a war that began 70 years earlier in 1350 The Skieringers, led by Sikke Sjaarda, capture the city of Bolsward (now part of Friesland in the Netherlands) from the wealthier Fetkeapers. The allies of the Fetkeapers, led by Focko Ukena, then react and make a counterattack on May 12 at Palesloot near Hindeloopen.
- May 12 – The Venetian Navy and Army, led by Admiral Loredan, begin their assault on the territory of Dalamatia in order to control the Adriatic. By October, the area is under Venetian control.[2]
- May 21 – Treaty of Troyes: With the Burgundian faction dominant in France, King Charles VI of France acknowledges Henry V of England as his heir, and as virtual ruler of most of France.[8]
- May 23 – Albert V, Duke of Austria, issues the Vienna Gesera, a campaign of expulsion or extermination of the 1,500 Jewish residents of Vienna. Those who are not imprisoned are executed 10 months later, and similar persecutions are carried out in other cities in Austria.[9]
- May 25 – Henry the Navigator is appointed Grand Master of the Military Order of Christ.
- June 2 – Catherine of Valois marries King Henry V of England.[10]
- June 7 – Troops of the Republic of Venice capture Udine after a long siege, ending the independence of the Patriarchal State of Friuli, run by the Patriarch of Aquileia.
- June 12 – The Hussites of Jan Zizka defeat the combined forces of the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Germany, the Duchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary at the Battle of Vítkov Hill.
#### July–September
- July 14 – The Hussites defeat and the Holy Roman Imperial forces begin a month-long fight in the Battle of Vítkov Hill.
- August 7 – Construction of the dome of Florence Cathedral is started, after Filippo Brunelleschi wins the commission for his "double shell" design.
- August 31 – A 9.4 MS-strong earthquake shakes Chile's Atacama Region, causing tsunamis in Chile, as well as Hawaii and Japan.[11][12]
- September 3 – Murdoch Stewart becomes the new Duke of Albany and Regent of Scotland for King James I, upon the death of his father Robert Stewart. During his time governing Scotland, Murdoch makes no effort to secure King James's release until forced to do so by political pressure.[13]
- September 15 – In a crusade against the Hussites, Holy Roman Imperial forces begin the siege of Vyšehrad
- September 24 – The Ottoman Army defeats a rebellion, led by Miklós Csáki, Voivode of Transylvania (now Romania). Two days later, the Ottoman troops loot and burn the city of Orăștie and take thousands of Transylvanian civilians as slaves.
#### October–December
- October 21 – King Henry V summons the English Parliament, directing its members to assemble at Westminster on December 2.
- October 22 – Ghiyāth al-dīn Naqqāsh, an envoy of the embassy sent by the Timurid ruler of Persia, Mirza Shahrukh (r. 1404–1447), to the Ming Dynasty of China during the reign of the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424), records his sight and travel over a large floating pontoon bridge at Lanzhou (constructed earlier in 1372) as he crosses the Yellow River on this day. He writes that it was: "...composed of twenty three boats, of great excellence and strength attached together by a long chain of iron as thick as a man's thigh, and this was moored on each side to an iron post as thick as a man's waist extending a distance of ten cubits on the land and planted firmly in the ground, the boats being fastened to this chain by means of big hooks. There were placed big wooden planks over the boats so firmly and evenly that all the animals were made to pass over it without difficulty."
- October 28 – Beijing is officially designated the capital of Ming Dynasty China, during the same year that the Forbidden City, the seat of government, is completed.
- November 1 – Hussite Wars – Battle of Vyšehrad: Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, fails and is ejected from Bohemia.
- December 2 – The 9th Parliament of King Henry V of England is opened at Westminster, and selects Roger Hunt as Speaker of the House of Commons.
#### Date unknown
- Henry V of England commences construction of the ship Grace Dieu.
- Tang Saier starts a rebellion against the emperor of China, and takes two cities with her rebel army, before she is defeated.[14]
- Construction begins on the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, China, while the palace complex of the Forbidden City is completed. In this year the Yongle Emperor confers the title "Beijing" ("Northern Capital") for the Ming Dynasty's new capital city, replacing Nanjing.
- Radu II Praznaglava, supported by the Ottomans, and Dan II, with Hungarian help, start a seven-years-long struggle for the throne of Wallachia, after Mihail I is killed in a battle. The throne of Wallachia will switch from one to another about four times until 1427, when Radu II dies.
- Alexandru cel Bun defends Moldavia against the first incursion by the Ottomans, at Cetatea Albă.
### 1421
#### January–March
- January 13 – Al-Muzaffar Ahmad becomes the Mamluk sultan of Egypt and Syria upon the death of his father, Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh[15]
- January 19 – The coronation of John VIII Palaiologos as the Emperor of Byzantium, the "Eastern Roman Empire", takes place in Constantinople.[16][17]
- February 2 – China's Yongle Emperor, third emperor of the Ming dynasty, shifts the Ming capital from Nanjing to Beijing.
- February 23 – The coronation of Catherine of Valois as Queen consort of England takes place at Westminster Abbey.[18]
- March 3 – Zheng He receives an imperial order from the Yongle Emperor to begin the Ming treasure voyages, carrying imperial letters, silk products and other gifts to various rulers of countries around the Indian Ocean.[19]
- March 12 – In his campaign to rid Germany of Jewish people, Albert V, Duke of Austria issues a death sentence against wealthy Jews who had been imprisoned as part of his order of May 23, 1420. On March 12, the burning at the stake of 120 women and 92 women is carried out south of the city walls of Vienna.[20][21]
- March 17 – 12 Rabi al-Awwal 824 AH: Ibrahim ibn Hasan ibn Ajlan and his brother Barakat ibn Hasan are confirmed by the Mamluk Egyptian Sultan Al-Muzaffar Ahmad as co-Emirs of Mecca.[22]
- March 21 – Battle of Baugé: A small French force, led by Gilbert Motier de La Fayette, surprises and defeats a smaller English force under Thomas, Duke of Clarence, a brother of King Henry V of England, in Normandy. Thomas, heir to the throne and Crown Prince as is killed in the attack, along with about 1,000 other of men.[23]
#### April–June
- April 8 – Maredudd ab Owain Glyndŵr, son of the Welsh rebel Owain Glyndŵr, accepts a pardon from, and swears loyalty to England's King Henry V, formally bringing an end to the Glyndŵr rebellion.[24]
- April 12 – Hedwig Jagiellon, the 13-year-old daughter of and heiress presumptive to Wladyslaw II, King of Poland, is betrothed in a marriage contract to Prince Frederick, the 7-year-old son of Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg as part of an alliance between Poland and Brandenburg during the Brandenburg–Pomeranian conflict. The marriage is scheduled to take place after November 19, 1427, when Prince Frederick is to be 14 years old, at which time he will live in Poland and become eligible to serve with Hedwig as ruler of Poland and Lithuania. The marriage will never take place, and the contract is annulled in 1424 when a male heir to the Polish throne, Wladyslaw, is born.[25]
- April 24 – The Sedlec Abbey, a monastery for the Cistercians order in Bohemia, is looted and burned by Hussites led by Jan Žižka, and several of the monks inside are killed.[26]
- May 26 – Mehmed I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded by his son, Murad II.
- June 10 – One year after returning home for his marriage to Catherine of Valois, and in the English defeat in the Battle of Baugé, King Henry V of England sails back to France with new troops to continue fighting in the Hundred Years War.
- June 25 – Prince Charles of Valois, the oldest son of King Charles VI and former Dauphin before being disinehrited by his father, captures the English fortress at Gallardon and has the entire garrison executed for treason, and then retakes Chartres.[27]
#### July–September
- July 2 – At Erciş in what is now Turkey, Iskandar ibn Yusuf is crowned as the Sultan of Qara Qoyunlu, a kingdom encompassing what are now eastern Turkey, northwestern Iran and northern Iraq, northern Armenia and all of Azerbaijan.[28]
- July 15 – A ceasefire is declared in the Great Frisian War as the representatives warring parties agree to a treaty at the city of Greetsiel in what is now the German region of Ostfriesland. A boundary is set at the Lauwers River in the Netherlands with the territory to the west (Friesland) going to the Frisian rebel group, the Skieringers. The lands to the east Groningen go the Fetkeapers.[29]
- August 5 – At the Battle of Brüx, Hussite troops led by Jan Želivský, are defeated by the German Saxon baron Frederick of Meissen at what is now the city of Most in what is now the Czech Republic.[30]
- August 29 – Sayf al-Din Tatar, becomes the new Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria after leading a coup d'etat overthrowing and imprisoning his brother, Al-Muzaffar Ahmad. [15]
- September 12– In what is now South Korea, Taejong of Goryeo, King of Joseon from 1400 to 1418, then King Emeritus since 1418, is crowned as the first Grand King Emeritus of Joseon.[31]
- September 28– A treaty is signed at Vienna between Sigismund, King of Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia and Germany and Albert V, Duke of Austria for Sigismund's daughter Elizabeth of Luxembourg, to marry Albert (on April 19, 1422) and confirming Elizabeth's rights as heiress presumptive to the thrones of Hungary and Bohemia.[32]
#### October–December
- October 20–King Henry V summons the English Parliament for the last time in his life, directing the members to assemble at Westminster on December 1.
- November 17–19 – St. Elizabeth's flood: The coastal area near Dordrecht in the Netherlands is flooded, due to the extremely high tide of the North Sea; 72 villages are drowned, killing about 10,000 people, and the course of the Meuse is changed.
- November 30 – Al-Nasir al-Din Muhammad beomes the fourth Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria in less than a year when his father Sayf al-Din Tatar, dies after only three months on the throne.[15]
- December 1 – The 11th and last Parliament of King Henry V assembles at Westminster and elects Richard Baynard as Speaker of the House of Commons.
- December 21 – Hussite Wars: At the Battle of Kutná Hora, the Bohemian Hussites led by Jan Zizka, and using the best weapons available, force the exit of the crusaders of the Holy Roman Empire. Among the new wespons developed by Zizka's officers are the "war wagon", a vehicle with reinforced sides and small openings from which guns can be fired.[33]
- December 26 – In India, Ahmad Shah I, the Sultan of Gujarat and his troops, camped at Sarangpur, resist a surprise counter-attack by the army of the Malwa Sultanate, led by the Sultan Hoshang Shah.[34]
#### Date unknown
- John III of Dampierre, Marquis of Namur, sells his estates to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.
- The first patent is issued by the Republic of Florence.[35]
- Portuguese sailors sent by Henry the Navigator cross Cape Non, going as far as Cape Bojador.
- Traditional date – Larabanga Mosque is founded, in modern-day northern Ghana.
### 1422
#### January–March
- January 10 – Hussite Wars – Battle of Německý Brod: The Hussites defeat an army of Royalist Crusaders.[36]
- January 15 – Charlotte of Bourbon, Queen of Cyprus, consort and wife of King Janus since 1411, dies after contracting pneumonic plague as an epidemic spreads across the island kingdom.[37]
- January 18 – Friso-Hollandic Wars: The Hollandic fortress of Lemmer is captured by the Frisian Skieringer rebels. Lemmer's commander, Floris of Alkemade, is taken prisoner and executed.[38] The result prompts both sides to enter into a settlement.
- February 1– The Peace of Groningen is signed in the Dutch city of the same name with 94 chieftains of rebels and Allies agreeing to preserve the Frisian right to self-government as well as barring foreign lords from Frisian land and bringing and end to the Great Frisian War after nine years.[38]
- March 9– In Prague, the Hussite priest Jan Želivský is arrested when he appears at the city hall. Already known for overseeing the killing of Catholic civilians and the pillaging of Catholic towns outside of Prague, is blamed for the Czech Bohemian loss at the August 5 Battle of Brüx. He is sentenced to death and beheaded on the same day.[39]
- March 11– On Okinawa Island, now part of Japan, King Shō Hashi of Chūzan begins a war against the two other kingdoms on the island, Hokuzan and Nanzan and begins the unification of Okinawa.[40]
- March 21– Hundred Years' War – The Siege of Meaux ends in France after more than five months as the starving citizens of the walled city of Meaux open the city gates and surrender to the English forces led by King Henry V. The city had been under siege since October 6. The city's defending troops flee across a bridge to their last line of defense ,the fortress known as Le Marché.[41]
#### April–June
- April 1– Al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Dīn Barsbāy leads a coup d'etat against the Egyptian Sultan Al-Nasir al-Din Muhammad and begins a 16-year reign as the new Sultan.[42]
- May 10– The last French defenders of the siege of Meaux surrender their fortress at Le Marche when the starving members of the garrison threaten to rebel.[41]
- June 10–September – The Ottoman sultan Murad II besieges Constantinople; the siege is broken off as a result of the rebellion of Küçük Mustafa.[43]
#### July–September
- July 11 – In Italy, a group of about 100 Romani people, described as "Gypsies" arrive in Bologna with a stated intention of traveling to Rome to meet the Pope. Their leader, calling himself "Duke Andrea", shows to local officials a decree allegedly signed by the King of Hungary that is said to grant them the right to commit robberies "without penalty or penance" wherever they travel, as a reward for 4,000 gypsies being re-baptized into the Christian faith.[44][45]
- August 22 – Use of the Spanish era dating system (which begins counting from 38 BC rather than from 1 AD, and thus refers to the year 1422 as "1460") ends as the Kingdom of Portugal, last on the Iberian peninsula to continue the style of dating, goes to Anno Domini dates.[46]
- September 1 – Henry VI becomes King of England, at the age of nine months, upon the death of his father, King Henry V.[47]
- September 27 – The Teutonic Knights sign the Treaty of Melno with the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after the brief Gollub War.[48] The Prussian–Lithuanian border established by the treaty remains unchanged, until World War I.[49]
- September 29 – The Duke of Bedford Regent for King Henry VI of England, summons the members of Parliament to assemble at Westminster on November 9.
#### October–December
- October 21 – King Charles VI of France passes away at the age of 53 after years of mental illness, and rival groups fight over who his successor will be. In Paris, Henry VI of England, the 10-month old son of the late French regent, England's King Henry V, and grandson of King Charles VI, is proclaimed King Henri II of France. In Bourges, the Dauphin Charles, eldest son of King Charles VI, is proclaimed as King Charles VII.[50]
- November 7 – After being returned to England from France, and then being taken on a two-day journey from Southwark to Temple Bar and thence to London, the body of the late King Henry V is buried at Westminster Abbey.[51]
- November 9 – At the opening of the English Parliament, the House of Commons elects Roger Flower as its speaker.
- December 9 – The Regency Council of the infant King Henry VI of England assembles for the first time with 18 nobles, led by John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, the uncle of the King and the brother of the late King Henry V. Because the Duke of Bedford serves primarily in France to command English forces there in the ongoing war, another uncle, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, leads the regency most of the time during the King's minority.[52]
- December 18 –
- King Charles VII of France marries Marie of Anjou in a ceremony at Bourges.[53]
- As the English Parliament closes, the regents for King Henry VI give royal assent to new legislation that has been passed during the 39-day session, including the Irishmen Act setting requirements for "What sort of Irishmen only may come to dwell in England"; the Purveyance Act 1422 ("All the statutes of purveyors shall be proclaimed in every county four times in the year") relating to the royal household's purchase of provisions at a regulated price and the requistioning of horses and vehicles for royal use; and for "A certain allowance made to those which were retained to serve King Henry V. in his wars")
#### Undated
- Ottoman forces overrun the last domains of Constantine II of Bulgaria, who dies in exile at the Serbian court, ending the Bulgarian Empire.[54]
- On the Italian Peninsula, Venice has a population of 84,000, of which 200 men rule the city, while Florence has a population of 40,000, of which 600 men rule the city.
### 1423
#### January–March
- January 6 – The Electorate of Saxony merges with the Margravate of Meissen and the Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg.
- February 11 – Hundred Years War: The island of Tombelaine, off of the coast of France, is taken by English forces in order to be used as a base to attack Mont Saint-Michel.
- March 7 – After failing to defeat Hushang Shah in a siege of Salangpur, the Gujarat Sultan Ahmad Shah I is attacked by Hushang's army while on his way back to Ahmedabad. He wins the battle and resumes his trip home.[55]
#### April–June
- April 13 – Hundred Years' War:.The Treaty of Amiens is signed as a mutual defense treaty between the Duchy of Burgundy, the Duchy of Brittany and the Kingdom of England.[56]
- April 15 – Francesco Foscari is elected the new Doge of the Republic of Venice after the death of Tommaso Mocenigo. He will serve as the Venetian Republic's executive for 34 years before being forced to abdicate a few days before his death in 1457.[57]
- April 27 – Hussite Wars – Battle of Hořice: The Taborites decisively beat the Utraquists.[58]
- April 28 – Ashikaga Yoshimochi abdicates as shogun of Japan and is succeeded by his son, Ashikaga Yoshikazu.[59]
- May 18 – The Treaty of Melno signed on September 27 to end the Gollub War between the State of the Teutonic Order (on the Baltic Sea, with a capital at Marienburg) and the alliance of Poland and Lithuania, is ratified by all three parties.[60]
- May 22 – Byzantine–Ottoman Wars: After a two-day battle, Turakhan Beg, Ottoman governor of Thessaly, breaks through the Hexamilion wall, and ravages the Peloponnese Peninsula in Greece.[61]
- May 23 – The Sultan of Gujarat, Ahmad Shah I is finally able to return home to reassume the throne.[55]
- June 10 – Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón, a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop, is elected by bishops in Avignon as the third "antipope", succeeding the late Antipope Benedict XIII. , who had died on May 23 after a reign of more than 20 years. Sánchez Muñoz takes the name of Antipope Clement VIII[62] as the Avignon clergy disagree with Pope Martin V of Rome.
#### July–September
- July 10 – Pope Martin V gives his approval of the Treaty of Melno.[60]
- July 31 – Hundred Years' War – Battle of Cravant: The French army is defeated at Cravant, on the banks of the River Yonne near Auxerre, by the English and their Burgundian allies.
- August 2 – Ataullah Muhammad Shah I begins a 50-year reign as the Sultan of Kedah in what is now Malaysia, following the death of his father, Sulaiman Shah I, who had reigned for 50 years after becoming Sultan in 1373.
- August 12 – The Treaty of Sveti Srdj ends the Second Scutari War, waged between the Serbian Despotate and the Venetian Republic,[63] over Scutari, and other former possessions of Zeta, captured by the Venetians.[64]
- August – China's Yongle Emperor launches his fourth campaign against the Northern Yuan.[65]
- September 14 – The first occupation force from the Republic of Venice arrives at the Greek city of Thessalonia, recently purchaed from the Ottoman Empire with six galleys entering the harbor.[66]
- September 26 – Hundred Years' War: The Battle of La Brossinière is fought in France near Bourgon in what is now the Mayenne département. The English force of 2,800 men, under the command of Sir John De la Pole, is crushed by the armies of France, Anjou and Maine, and the English suffer more than 1,400 deaths.[67]
- September 28 – The English nobility swear their loyalty to King Henry VI.[68]
#### October–December
- October 20 – The Second Parliament of King Henry VI of England assembles after having been summoned on September 1. The House of Commons, led by John Russell, will consider laws until its adjournment on February 28.
- November 16 – On behalf of the infant King Henry VI of England, Duke of Bedford, Regent for France, confirms the 1315 Norman Charter.[69]
- November 17 – Three weeks before his second birthday, King Henry VI of England is brought before the assembled members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons for the first time.[70]
- December 15 – After a two-year expedition to Byzantium, Giovanni Aurispa arrives in Venice with largest and finest collection of Greek language texts up to that time, including 238 ancient manuscripts.[71]
- December 24 – Hussite Wars: In what is now the Czech Republic, General Sigismund Korybut, commander of the Hussite Army, withdraws his troops from Prague on the orders of Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania and Władysław II Jagiełło, King of Poland.[72]
#### Date unknown
- The three independent boroughs of Pamplona are united into a single town by royal decree, after centuries of feuds.
- Dan II of Wallachia, with Hungarian help, wins two battles against the Ottomans.
### 1424
#### January–March
- January 23 – William Cheyne becomes the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, replacing the late William Hankford.[73]
- February 1 – While negotiating his release from captivity, King James of Scotland is allowed to be married to Joan Beaufort in London, with a ceremony taking place at Southwark Cathedral.[74]
- February 12 – The coronation of Sophia of Halshany, wife of Władysław II Jagiełło, as Queen consort of Poland takes place at the Kraków Cathedral.[75]
- February 14 – Wars in Lombardy: The Army of the Florentine Republic, led by Captain Pandolfo III Malatesta, storms the city of Romagna.
- March 28 – King James I of Scotland is released after having been held captive in England for 18 years. James is freed after putting his royal seal on a ransom treaty of £40,000, secured by Scottish hostages taking his place, as agreed at Durham in England.[76]
#### April–June
- April 5 – King James returns to Scotland for the first time since 1406, after being escorted to the border along with his wife Joan Beaufort, Queen consort, by English and Scottish nobles.[76]
- May 21 – The coronation of James I as King of Scotland takes place at Scone Abbey in the Scottish town of Scone. After the ceremony King James performs his first knighthood ceremony, honoring 18 prominent nobles.
- June 2 – Battle of L'Aquila: Jacopo Caldora and Micheletto Attendolo, for the Kingdom of Naples, defeat Braccio da Montone, for Alfonso V of Aragon.
#### July–September
- July 28 – The Army of the Duchy of Milan, led by the Duke Filippo Maria Visconti, defeats the Republic of Florence Army, led by Carlo I Malatesta, in the Battle of Zagonara.[77]
- August 17 – Battle of Verneuil: An English force under John, Duke of Bedford defeats a larger French army under the Duke of Alençon, John Stewart, and Earl Archibald of Douglas. Alençon is captured and Douglas killed.[78]
- September 7 – Prince Zhu Gaochi of China becomes the Emperor Renzong of the Ming dynasty, beginning the Hongxi era, after the August 12 death of his father, the Yongle Emperor.[79]
- September 13 – After the signing of a treaty between the different factions in the Hussite Wars, the Bohemian campaign is completed in what is now the Czech Republic.
- September 23 – The Hussites, led by Jan Žižka, begin marching towards North Moravia to suppress the ongoing rebellion there.
#### October–December
- October 11 – Prokop the Great takes command of the Hussites after the death of Jan Žižka from the plague.[80]
- November 1 – Zhu Zhanji is designated as the Crown Prince of Ming dynasty China by his father, the Emperor Renzong. The Emperor dies eight months later and Zhu Zhanji becomes the Emperor Xuanzong on June 27, 1425.[81]
- November – The Bourges astronomical clock, designed by Jean Fusoris, is installed in the Bourges Cathedral as a gift to the town from King Charles VII.[82]
- December 10 – Radu II Chelul becomes the Prince of Wallachia (now in Romania) for the third time, taking over from Dan II after an Ottoman invasion.
#### Date unknown
- Dalmatia: Aliota Capenna, lord of Lesina (nowadays Hvar), offers his realm to the Republic of Venice (also said to have occurred in 1409 and 1421).[83]
### 1426
#### January–March
- January 7 – King Henry VI summons the Parliament of England, directing its members to meet at Leicester on February 18.
- January 13 – Hook and Cod wars: The Battle of Brouwershaven is fought in the Netherlands between the Burgundian State, led by Duke Philip the Good, and the troops led by Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut, with the Burugundians winning.[84]
- January 15 – England, led by King Henry VI, declares war against the Duchy of Brittany and the Kingdom of France after Jean le Sage, Duke of Brittany allies with France's King Charles VI.[85]
- February 8 – The Xuande Era begins in Ming dynasty China as the first Lunar New Year of the reign of the Emperor Xuanzong.
- February 18 – The English Parliament, nicknamed the Parliament of Bats because the members are not allowed to carry swords and arm themselves with clubs to defend themselves, is opened by King Henry VI at Leicester. The House of Commons elects Richard Vernon as its speaker.
- February 27 – Hundred Years' War: The Siege of St. James begins in Normandy in France as Sir Thomas Rempston of England leads 600 knights against a force of 16,000 French and Brittanian troops following the choice of the Duke of Brittany to ally with the Kingdom of France.[86]
- March 6 – Battle of St. James (near Avranches): An English army under John, Duke of Bedford, defeats the French under Arthur de Richemont, forcing the Duke of Brittany to recognize English suzerainty.[87]
#### April–June
- April 22 – The Second Scutari War between the Republic of Venice and the Serbian Despotate is formally ended by the signing of a treaty at the Serbian city of Vushtrri in what is now Albania.
- April 25 – (17 Jumada al-Thani 829 AH) Hasan ibn Ajlan, who has been allowed to leave Cairo after being appointed by the Egyptian Mamluk Sultan as the Emir of Mecca and paying the first installment of a fee of 30,000 dinars, dies on the way back to Mecca. The Sultan, Al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Dīn Barsbāy, summons Hasan's sons Barakat ibn Hasan and Ibrahim ibn Hasan to Cairo to complete payment of the remaining 25,000 dinars owed.[88]
- May 16 – In Burma, Kale Kye-Taung Nyo, ruler of the Kingdom of Ava, flees his capital. He is succeeded by Mohnyin Thado, who receives Thinkhaya III of Toungoo.
- June 1 – The Parliament of Bats closes in England. Among the laws given royal assent by King Henry VI are a provision that writs and lawsuits against people who were later given knighthood "shall not abate for that cause," and another giving "licence to all the King's subjects to transport corn.[89]
- June 16 – Hussite Wars – Battle of Aussig: The Hussites decisively beat the crusading armies of Germany in the Fourth Anti-Hussite Crusade and then annihilate the town of Aussig (now Ústí nad Labem) the next day.[90]
#### July–September
- July 7 – Battle of Khirokitia: King Janus of Cyprus is defeated and captured by the Mamluks and brought to Egypt, where he is ransomed after ten months.
- August 16 – (11 Shawwal 829 AH) Barakat ibn Hasan, son of the late Hasan ibn Ajlan, is confirmed by the Egyptian Sultan Barsbay as the new Emir of Mecca, conditioned on paying the remaining 25,000 dinars owed by Hasan.[91]
- September 17 – (15 Dhu al-Qidah 829 AH) Barakat ibn Hasan arrives in Mecca to officially assume the powers of the Emir of Mecca, after taking back over from his brother Abu al-Qasim.[91]
#### October–December
- October 12 – Uckermark War (1425–1427): Representing Brandenburg, the Elector Friedrich and his son Johann "the alchemist" sign a treaty with William of Werle, ruler of one of the opposing states of Mecklenburg.[92] Friedrich and Johann had recaptured the town of Prenzlau on August 23.
- November 7 – In Vietnam's Lam Sơn uprising against Chinese rule, Vietnamese rebels led by General Nguyễn Xí defeat a much larger force of the army of Ming dynasty China at the Battle of Tot Dong and Chuc Dong near what is now Hanoi, with at least 20,000 of the 54,000 Chinese troops killed.[93]
- December 30 – A peace treaty is signed in Venice between the Republic of Venice (led by the Doge Francesco Foscari) and the Duchy of Milan (ruled by the Duke Filippo Maria Visconti), through the mediation the papal envoy, Cardinal Niccolò Albergati. Milan is required to relinquish control of Brescia and Vercelli to Venice, but regains control of its former lands in Liguria.[94]
### 1427
#### January–June
- January 16 – The papacy of Pope Gabriel V of Alexandria, leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church in Egypt, ends after a reign of more than 17 years.
- January – Radu II of Wallachia resumes the throne of Wallachia for the fourth time, but a seven-year struggle for it ends in March when he is defeated in battle, and probably killed, by Dan II, who resumes the throne for a fifth term.
- February 23 – In Spain, the first tremors are felt in the Principality of Catalonia of what will become a devastating 6.7 magnitude earthquake that will happen less than a year later, on February 2, 1428.[95]
- March 29 – In Vietnam, the Ming dynasty China army invades a second time, bringing 120,000 reinforcement troops led by General Mu Sheng to crush the Lam Sơn uprising.[96]
#### April–June
- April 22 – In France, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, is granted the control of the county of Mortain in Normandy by the Duke of Bedford, Regent for King Henry VI in France, as a reward for his military service during the war against the French.[97]
- May 11 – (16 Pashons, 1143 AM) At Alexandria, Farag El-Maksi is elected as the new Patriarch of the Coptic Orthodox Christians and takes the regnal name of Pope John XI.[98]
- June 7 – Pope Martin V orders the Roman Catholic bishops of Portro and Alba to work on driving the Fraticelli faction of the Franciscan Order from Italy.[99]
- June 16 – John the Alchemist, the Hohenzollern family Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, signs a peace agreement with the dukes of the various Pomeranian duchies at the Brandenburg city of Templin, ending latest Pomeranian-Brandenburg conflict.
- June 27 – John III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard, is released from imprisonment after swearing an oath of allegiance to John the Alchemist, Margrave of Brandenburg.
#### July–September
- July 15 – The Siege of Montargis is started in France by 1,000 Englishmen led by the Earl of Warwick and lasts for seven weeks.[100]
- July 19 – Stefan Lazarević, ruler of the Serbian Despotate, dies at Belgrade and is succeeded by his nephew, Durad Branković.[101]
- August 4 – Hussite Wars – Battle of Tachov: The Hussites decisively beat the crusader armies, ending the Fourth Anti-Hussite Crusade.
- August 17 – The first band of Gypsies visits Paris, according to an account of the citizens of Paris.
#### October–December
- September 5 – A French Army relief force of 1,600 soldiers, led by Jean de Dunois, ends the siege of Montargis by luring the English Army into a trap. The Montargis defenders open the city gates and the English are attacked from two sides, losing more than 1,000 men and all of their artillery.[100]
- September 29 – Lam Sơn uprising: China's General Liu Sheng arrives at China's border with Vietnam where a meeting is held with rebel leader Lê Lợi, who proposes settling the war by recognizing Tran Cao's rule as King of Dai Viet. The proposal is a pretext to Liu Sheng's army being lured into an ambush that soon follows, with 70,000 Chinese troops killed.[102]
- October 13 –
- Lincoln College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England, is founded by the Bishop of Lincoln.
- The English Parliament assembles at Westminster after being summoned on July 15 by England's Regency Council.John Tyrrell is elected as Speaker of the House of Commons.
- November 12 – To avoid further destruction of the Chinese army, General Wang Tong begins withdrawing troops from northern Vietnam's Giao Chi region, having accepted a proposal by Vietnam without the approval of China's Emperor Xuanzong. The Emperor is informed of the proposal and agrees on November 20 to accept terms of peace.Chan (1988), p. 290
- December 29 – Victorious in the Lam Sơn uprising, Vietnam (Dai Viet) succeeds in forcing the withdrawal of Chinese troops from its territory as China's General Wang Tong and Vietnam's General Nguyen Trai agree to terms of disarmament and repatriation of 86,640 Ming Chinese prisoners in return for Chinese withdrawal.[103]
#### Date unknown
- Minrekyansa becomes King of Ava (ancient Burma).
- The Conflict of Druimnacour occurs in Sutherland, Scotland.[104]
- The first witch hunts begin, in Switzerland.
- The Celestine Order is established in France.
- The Celebration of Sant Jordi (Saint George) begins in Catalonia (he will later become its patron saint).
- Bremen is expelled from the Hanseatic League.
- Diogo de Silves, Portuguese navigator, discovers seven islands of the Azores archipelago.
- Battle of the Echinades: A Byzantine fleet defeats the fleet of Carlo I Tocco.
- Itzcoatl becomes the 4th Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan, after his nephew Chimalpopoca is killed by the Maxtla, at Azcapotzalco.
- Bhaktapur Royal Palace (in Nepal) is built by King Yaksa Malla.
### 1428
#### January–March
- January 4 – Friedrich II of the House of Wettin, nicknamed "Friedrich, der Sanftmütige" ("Frederick the Gentle") becomes the new Elector of Saxony at the age of 15, upon the death of his father "Frederick the Warlike".[105]
- February 2 – The Catalonia earthquake takes place in the Catalonian region of Spain during Candlemas, estimated later at 6.5 magnitude, with extreme damage to the city of Roussillon and to the village of Queralbs.[106] The quake collapses a church in Puigcerdà, killing more than 100 people, and 1,000 overall.[107]
- February 20 – Zhu Qizhen, son of China's Emperor Xuanzong of Ming, is named as the Crown Prince of Ming dynasty China by his father.[108] He will become the Emperor Yingzong of Ming in 1435.
- March 25 –
- China's Emperor Xuanzong of Ming directs Admiral Zheng He to oversee the rebuilding of the Porcelain Tower of Nanjing.[109] The construction of the temple was completed in 1431.[110]
- The Fifth Parliament of King Henry VI of England closes its session, as the King grants royal assent to the Commissioners of Sewers Act 1427, the Wages of Artificers Act granting the justices of peace power to "assign the wages of artificers and workmen by proclamation", and the Assizes Act and the Exigent on Indictment Act which both set statutes of limitation on certain proceedings.
- March 27 – Casimir V, Duke of Pomerania becomes the sole ruler of Pomerania-Stettin in Germany upon the death of his brother, Otto II, after the two had ruled jointly since 1513.[111]
#### April–June
- April 6 – Dano-Hanseatic War (1426–1435): The bombardment of Copenhagen, capital of Denmark, by ships of the Northern German Hanseatic League takes place and is repelled by the Danish Navy.
- April 19 – A truce is reached to halt the Wars in Lombardy six months after the Venetian Army destroyed the Milanese town of Maclodio on October 11. The Duchy of Milan cedes the city of Bergamo to the Republic of Venice and the war halts for two years.[112]
- April 22 – After an attack by the Ottoman Empire on Venetian outposts on the Greek island of Euboea, the Republic of Venice, presided over by the Doge Francesco Foscari, authorizes Admiral Andrea Mocenigo to organize 15 warships to hunt and destroy the Ottoman raiders.[113]
- April 29 – The coronation of the Vietnamese rebel leader Le Loi as the King of Dai Viet takes place in Hanoi (at the time referred to as Thang Long). King Le Loi renames the Viet capital as "Dong Kinh".[114]
- May 13 – Joan of Arc makes her first attempt to reach the Armagnac court at Chinon, arriving at Vaucouleurs speaking to Robert de Baudricourt, captain of the royal garrison, and tells him that God told her in a vision that she had a mission to help restore the Dauphin Charles to the throne. Baudricourt initially declines her request to be given an escort to visit Charles in person.[115][116]
- June 3 – Dan II leads an army against the Ottomans at Golubac Fortress, obtaining a treaty that will allow him a semi-peaceful rule in Wallachia, until 1432.
- June 15 – In second bombardment of Copenhagen by the Hanseatic League, all but three of the Danish Navy's ships are destroyed by the Hanseatic cannons, capable of shooting aartillery at greater distances than Denmark is technologically capable of achieving.
#### July–September
- July 3 – The Treaty of Delft is signed by the Countess Jacqueline of Holland as a surrender to Philip, Duke of Burgundy to end the siege of Gouda by the Cod Forces against Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut during the Hook and Cod Wars. Under the pact, Jacqueline retains her title and nominal powers, but Philip administers the government and the right to inherit control.[117]
- July 12 – King James I of Scotland gives royal assent to the Oath by Queen Act 1428 (De juramento prestando Domine Regine) passed by the Parliament of Scotland at Perth.[118]
- August 7 – The Valais witch trials begin in Swiss Savoy.[119]
- August 30 – (20th day of the 7th month of Shōchō 1) Japan's Emperor Shōkō dies at the age of 27.
- September 7 – (29th day of the 7th month of Shōchō 1) Emperor Go-Hanazono, the 10-year old third cousin of the late Emperor Shoko accedes to the throne of Japan.[120]
#### October–December
- October 12 – English forces under Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury, besiege Orléans. Jean de Dunois, the Bastard of Orléans, commands the defenders. Bombardment starts on October 17 and troops attempt an assault on [121]
- October 21 – Siege of Orléans: After four days of bombardment, English troops attempt an assault on the boulevart of the city walls but the French defenders hold the attackers back with missile fire, rope nets, scalding oil, hot coals and quicklime.[122] p.383 [121]
- October 24 – Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury, is mortally wounded in an unsuccessful assault on Orléans. He is succeeded in command by William de la Pole, 4th Earl of Suffolk.
- November 11 – The Battle of Kratzau takes place in Bohemia in what is now the city of Chrastava in the Czech Republic, as the Silesian troops of the Bohemian Crown Lands under of the Holy Roman Empire (Upper Lusatia, the duchies of Jawor and Wroclaw, Polenz, Lower Lusatia and the Duchy of Żagań, led by Hans von Polenz, repel an attack by the Sirotci Hussites led by Jan Královec.[123]
- December 2 – The Appenzell Wars come to an end in Switzerland as Frederick VII, Count of Toggenburg and knights of the Order of St. George's Shield defeat the rebel army of the Canton of Appenzell in a battle on the field between Gossau and Herisau.[124]. In a truce the next year, Appenzell is forced to repay the back taxes owed to the owed the Abbey of St. Gallbut is relieved from future obligations.
- December 27 – In the Battle of Stary Wielisław (now in Poland), the Hussites are defeated in an attack by the Bohemian forces led by the Silesian Duke John I of Münsterberg (who is killed in the fighting) and Půta III of Častolovice, Governor of Klodzko Land.[125]
#### Date unknown
- The Aztec Empire is formed by the triple alliance of the Aztec city-states Tenochtitlán, Texcoco and Tlacopán and defeats Azcapotzalco to win control of the Valley of Mexico. Itzcóatl becomes 1st emperor.
- A serious fire occurs at Baynard's Castle in the City of London, England.[126]
- Lam Sơn uprising: Lê Lợi, founder of the Lê dynasty in Vietnam, liberates Annam (the territory occupied by Ming dynasty China in 1407) and restores the kingdom as Đại Việt.
### 1429
#### January–March
- January 6 – The Congress of Lutsk opened in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the castle of Liubartas in Lutsk. In addition to the Lithuanian nobles gathered there with the Supreme Duke of Lithuania Władysław II Jagiełło and the Grand Duke Vytautas, the Congress was attended by Sigismund, King of Germany, Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia; Erik VII, King of Denmark; a Komtur of the Teutonic Knights; Vasily II, Grand Prince of Moscow; Boris, Duke of Tver; Ivan III, Duke of Ryazan; the Voivode Dan II of Wallachia; and representatives of the Pope, the Byzantine Empire and Moldavia.[127] , to discuss the coronation of Vytautas as the King of Lithuania, as well as the siege of Moldavia, entering a against the Ottoman Empire, the ongoing war between Denmark and the Hanseatic League, religious unions and divisions, and assorted economic, trade, and tax-related issues.
- February 12 – Battle of Rouvray (or "of the Herrings"): English forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy, which is carrying rations (food) to the army of William de la Pole, 4th Earl of Suffolk at Orléans, from attack by the Comte de Clermont and John Stewart.[128]
- March 8 – After hearing that Joan of Arc says that voices from heaven have told her that she will lead a royalist army to relive the siege of Orleans and help him secure the French throne, the Dauphin Charles of France meets with her at the Château de Chinon and is persuaded that he should provide her supplies and troops.[129]
- March 20 – Constantine XI Palaiologos, Emperor of Byzantium, begins the siege of the Greek port of Patras, which is controlled by the Venetian Republic. The city surrenders to the Byzantines on June 1.[130]
#### April–June
- April 18 – (1st waning of Kason 791 ME) In what is now Myanmar, Min Saw Mun is restored as King of Arakan at the capital, Launggyet, with the help of troops from the Bengal Sultanate and from Afghan mercenaries. He then moves the capital to the city of Mrauk U.[131]
- April 29 – Siege of Orléans: Joan of Arc enters Orléans with a relief expedition.[132]
- May 7 – The Tourelles, the last English siege fortification at Orléans, falls. Joan of Arc becomes the hero of the battle by returning, wounded, to lead the final charge.
- May 8 – The English, weakened by disease and lack of supplies, depart Orléans.
- June 18 – Battle of Patay: French forces under Joan of Arc smash the English forces under Lord Talbot and Sir John Fastolf, forcing the withdrawal of the English from the Loire Valley.
#### July–September
- July 17 – The Dauphin is crowned as King Charles VII of France is crowned in Rheims.[133]
- August 28 – Mehmed Nizamüddin is appointed the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire by the Sultan Murad II.[134]
- September 8 – Joan of Arc leads an unsuccessful attack on Paris, and is wounded.
- September 18 – 18 (Dhu al-Hijjah 832 AH) The Hafsid Sultanate Saracens, ruled by the Hafsid Caliph Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz II and commanded by Kaid Ridavan, depart from Tunis with 70 ships and 18,000 troops in an attempt to capture Malta, but are repelled by its defenders.[135]
- September 22 – The English Parliament assembles at Westminster after being summoned by King Henry VI, and the House of Commons elects William Alington as Speaker of the House.
#### October–December
- October 12 – The Kamenz massacre of 1,200 Catholics by the Protestant Hussites takes place in the village of Kamenz in the Electorate of Saxony.[136]
- October 19 – Princess Isabella of Portugal, daughter of King João I, departs her homeland, accompanied by a flotilla of 20 ships and 2,000 Portuguese troops and royal officials, to make the voyage to the Duchy of Burgundy, where she is to formally marry Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.[137] Because of storms, the voyage takes more than two months.
- November 4 – Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: Joan of Arc liberates Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier.
- November 6 – The formal coronation of the 6-year-old Henry VI as King of England takes place at Westminster Abbey.[138]
- November 24 – Joan of Arc besieges La Charité.
- December 25 – Princess Isabella arrives at Sluys in Burgundy after storms have sunk many of the 20 ships that had been in her convoy that had left on October 19 from Portugal. She disembarks the next day to meet Philip.[137]
#### Date unknown
- Fire destroys Turku.
- A series of seven customs offices and barriers are installed along the Grand Canal of China, during the reign of the Ming Dynasty's Yongle Emperor.
- Andreyas Succeeds Yeshaq I as Emperor of Ethiopia
## Births
1420
- February 9 – Dorothea of Brandenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg (d. 1491)
- April 23 – George of Poděbrady, King of Bohemia (d. 1471)[139]
- June 5 – Anna of Saxony, Landgravine of Hesse, German royalty (d. 1462)[140]
- July 19 – William VIII, Marquess of Montferrat (d. 1483)
- October 1 – Elisabeth of Cleves, Countess of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg, German noble (d. 1488)
- date unknown
- Jean Fouquet, French painter (d. 1481)
- Nicolas Jenson, French engraver (d. 1480)
- Antoinette de Maignelais, mistress of Charles VII of France (d. 1474)
- Tomás de Torquemada, first grand inquisitor of Spain (d. 1490)[141]
1421
- March 9 – Francesco Sassetti, Italian banker (d. 1490)
- May 29 – Charles, Prince of Viana (d. 1461)
- June 3 – Giovanni di Cosimo de' Medici, Italian noble (d. 1463)
- July 25 – Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland, English politician (d. 1461)
- August 1 – Thomas Dutton, English knight (d. 1459)
- October 10 – John Paston, English politician (d. 1466)
- December 6 – King Henry VI of England (d. 1471)[142]
- date unknown – Sōgi, Japanese poet and Buddhist priest (d. 1502)
1422
- March 8 – Jacopo Piccolomini-Ammannati, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1479)
- June 7 – Federico da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino (d. 1482)
- October 5 – Catherine, Princess of Asturias, Spanish royal (d. 1424)
- November 27 – Gaston IV, Count of Foix, French nobleman from Bearn (d. 1472)
- November 29 – Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont, English baron (d. 1460)
- date unknown – Abul-Qasim Babur Mirza, Timurid ruler in Khurasan (d. 1457)
- probable – William Caxton, English printer (d. c. 1491)
- approximate – Agnès Sorel, French courtier, mistress of Charles VII of France (d. 1450)
1423
- April 4 – Johann II of Nassau-Saarbrücken, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (1429–1472) (d. 1472)
- May 18 – Lady Katherine Percy, English nobility (d. 1475)
- May 30 – Georg von Peuerbach, Austrian astronomer (d. 1461)
- June 2 – Ferdinand I of Naples (d. 1494)
- June 15 – Gabriele Sforza, Archbishop of Milan (d. 1457)
- July 3 – Louis XI of France, monarch of the House of Valois, King of France from 1461 to 1483 (d. 1483)[143]
- July 6 – Antonio Manetti, Italian mathematician and architect (d. 1497)
- August 24 – Thomas Rotherham, English cleric (d. 1500)
- September 10 – Eleanor, Princess of Asturias (d. 1425)
- August – Demetrios Chalkokondyles, Greek scholar (d. 1511)
1424
- January 1 – Louis IV, Elector Palatine (1436–1449) (d. 1449)
- June 9 – Blanche II of Navarre (d. 1464)
- August – Demetrios Chalkokondyles, Greek scholar (d. 1511)
- October 31 – King Władysław III of Poland (d. 1444)
- December 8 – Anselm Adornes, Merchant, politician and diplomat (d. 1483)
- December 25 – Margaret Stewart, Dauphine of France (d. 1445)
- August 10 or 1426 – Boniface III, Marquess of Montferrat (d. 1494)
- date unknown – Abu Sa'id Mirza, ruler of Persia and Afghanistan (d. 1469)
- date unknown – Mary of Looz-Heinsberg, Dutch noble woman (d. 1502)[144][145][146][147]
1425
- January 5 – Henry IV of Castile (d. 1474)
- March 21 – Henry Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick, English nobleman (d. 1446)
- March 31 – Bianca Maria Visconti, Duchess of Milan (d. 1468)
- April 30 – William III, Landgrave of Thuringia (1445–1482) and Duke of Luxembourg (1457–1482) (d. 1482)
- October 14 – Alesso Baldovinetti, Italian painter (d. 1499)
- November 18 – Kunigunde of Sternberg, first spouse of King George of Podebrady (d. 1449)
- date unknown
- Edmund Sutton, English nobleman (d. 1483)
- Krokodeilos Kladas, Greek military leader (d. 1490)
- Xicotencatl I, ruler of Tizatlan (in modern-day Mexico) (d. 1522)
1426
- February 2 – Eleanor of Navarre, queen regnant of Navarre (d. 1479)
- February – Christian of Oldenburg, King of Denmark 1448–1481, of Norway 1450–1481 and of Sweden 1457–1464 (d. 1481)[148]
- July 13 – Anne Neville, Countess of Warwick (d. 1492)
- September 19 – Maria of Cleves, French noble (d. 1487)
- November 30 – Johann IV Roth, Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1506)
- date unknown – John II, Duke of Bourbon (d. 1488)
1427
- February 27 – Ruprecht, Archbishop of Cologne (d. 1480)
- May 8 – John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester, Lord High Treasurer (d. 1470)
- May 29 – Françoise d'Amboise, duchess consort of Brittany, co-founder of the first monastery of the Carmelites in France (d. 1485)
- June 22 – Lucrezia Tornabuoni, Italian writer, adviser and spouse of Piero di Cosimo de' Medici (d. 1482)
- September 9 – Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros, English politician (d. 1464)
- October 26 – Archduke Sigismund of Austria (d. 1496)
- November 24 – John Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (d. 1473)
- November 29 – Zhengtong Emperor of China (d. 1464)
- November 30 – Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland (d. 1492)
- date unknown – Shen Zhou, Chinese painter (d. 1509)
1428
- February 3 – Helena Palaiologina, Queen of Cyprus (d. 1458)
- April 7 – William Percy, late medieval Bishop of Carlisle (d. 1462)
- May 3 – Pedro González de Mendoza, Spanish cardinal and statesman (d. 1495)
- July 4 – Filippo Strozzi the Elder, Italian banker (d. 1491)
- September 21 – Jingtai Emperor of China (d. 1457)
- November 2 – Yolande, Duchess of Lorraine (d. 1483)
- November 22 – Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, English nobleman, known as "the Kingmaker" (d. 1471)[149]
- December 4 – Bernard VII, Lord of Lippe (1429–1511) (d. 1511)
- date unknown – Donato Acciaioli, Italian scholar (d. 1478)
- Maria Ormani, Italian artist, scribe and illuminator
- probable – Didrik Pining, German explorer (approximate date)
1429
- January 17 – Antonio del Pollaiuolo, Italian artist (d.c. 1498)
- date unknown – Peter, Constable of Portugal (d. 1466)
- probable – Mino da Fiesole, Florentine sculptor (d. 1484)
## Deaths
1420
- June 11 – John III, Burgrave of Nuremberg (b. c. 1369)
- June 12 – Adolf I, Count of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1362)[150]
- August – Mihail I, ruler of Wallachia (killed in battle)
- August 9 – Pierre d'Ailly, French theologian and cardinal (b. 1351)
- September 3 – Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, regent of Scotland
- date unknown
- Andrew of Wyntoun, Scottish chronicler (b. 1350)[151]
- Marina Galina, Dogaressa of Venice
- Epiphanius the Wise, Russian saint[152]
- King Lukeni lua Nimi of the Kingdom of Kongo (b. 1380)
1421
- January 10 – Niccolò I Trinci, lord of Foligno (assassinated)
- January 15 – Helvis of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, queen consort of Armenia and Cyprus (born 1353)
- March 22 – Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV of England (killed in battle) (born 1388)
- April 21 – John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel (born 1385)
- May – Balša III, ruler of Zeta
- May 26 – Mehmed I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1389)
- June 21 – Jean Le Maingre, marshal of France (b. 1366)
1422
- March 9 – Jan Želivský, Hussite priest (executed) (b. 1380)
- July 8 – Michelle of Valois, French princess and duchess consort of Burgundy (b. 1395)
- August 31 – King Henry V of England (b. 1386)
- September 17 – Emperor Constantine II of Bulgaria (b. after 1370)
- October 21 – King Charles VI of France (b. 1368)[153]
- probable – Thomas Walsingham, English chronicler
1423
- January 23 – Margaret of Bavaria, Burgundian regent (b. 1363)
- March – Richard Whittington, Lord Mayor of London (b. 1358)
- May 23 – Antipope Benedict XIII (b. 1328)[154]
- October 20 – Henry Bowet, Archbishop of York
- November 1 – Nicholas Eudaimonoioannes, Byzantine diplomat
- December 15 – Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
1424
- January 4 – Muzio Sforza, Italian condottiero
- January 8 – Stephen Zaccaria, Latin Archbishop of Patras
- April 14 – Lucia Visconti, English countess (b. 1372)[155]
- May 10 – Emperor Go-Kameyama of Japan[156]
- June 5 – Braccio da Montone, Italian condottiero
- June 10 – Duke Ernest of Austria (b. 1377)
- June 16 – Johannes Ambundii, Archbishop of Riga
- August 12 – Yongle Emperor of China (b. 1360)
- August 17 – John Stewart, Earl of Buchan (b. c. 1381)
- September 17 – Catherine, Princess of Asturias, Castilian royal (b. 1422)
- October 11 – Jan Žižka, Czech general and Hussite leader
- date unknown – Joan II, Countess of Auvergne (b. 1378)
- probable – Johannes Abezier, provost and bishop of the Teutonic Knights (b. 1380)
1425
- January 18 – Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, English politician (b. 1391)
- February 27 – Prince Vasily I of Moscow (b. 1371)
- March 17 – Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Japanese shōgun (b. 1407)
- May 24 – Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany, Scottish politician (b. 1362)
- May 29 – Hongxi Emperor of China (b. 1378)
- July 8 – Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan, English noble (b. 1366)
- July 21 – Manuel II Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1350)
- August 22 – Eleanor, Princess of Asturias (b. 1423)
- September 8 – King Charles III of Navarre (b. 1361)
- date unknown
- Madhava of Sangamagrama, Indian mathematician (b. 1350)
- Margareta, Swedish Sami missionary (b. 1369)
- Yi Jong Mu, Korean general (b. 1360)
- Parameshvara, Indian mathematician (b. 1360)
1426
- March / May – Thomas Hoccleve, English poet (b. c. 1368)
- c. late May – Kale Kye-Taung Nyo, deposed King of Ava (b. c. 1385)
- September 18 – Hubert van Eyck, painter[157]
- November 24 – Elizabeth of Lancaster, Duchess of Exeter, English Plantagent noblewoman, daughter of John of Gaunt (b. c. 1363)
- December – Pippo Spano, Hungarian military leader (b. 1369)
- December 31 – Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, English nobleman and military leader (b. c. 1377)
- date unknown – Tezozomoc, Tepanec ruler of Azcapotzalco and military leader
1427
- April 17 – John IV, Duke of Brabant (b. 1403)[158]
- May 7 – Thomas la Warr, 5th Baron De La Warr, English churchman
- May 28 – Henry IV, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (b. 1397)
- July 19 – Stefan Lazarević, Despot of Serbia (b. 1377)[159]
- date unknown
- Chimalpopoca, Aztec Tlatoani (ruler) of Tenochtitlán (b. 1397)[160]
- Qu You, Chinese novelist (b. 1341)
- probable
- Jehuda Cresques, Catalan cartographer (b. 1350)
- Gentile da Fabriano, Italian painter
- Radu II Prasnaglava, ruler of Wallachia, probably killed in or after a lost battle
1428
- January 4 – Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (b. 1370)
- February 3 – Ashikaga Yoshimochi, Japanese shōgun (b. 1386)
- June 12 – Zawisza Czarny, Polish knight and diplomat
- August 27 – John I of Münsterberg, Duke of Ziebice (b. 1370)
- August 30 – Emperor Shōkō, emperor of Japan (b. 1401)
- Autumn – Masaccio, Italian painter (b. 1401)
- November 3 – Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury, English military leader (mortally wounded in battle) (b. 1388)[161]
- November 4 – Sophia of Bavaria, Queen regent of Bohemia (b. 1376)
- date unknown
- Maxtla, Tepanec ruler of Azcapotzalco
- Paul of Venice, Catholic theologian
- Isabella, Countess of Foix, French sovereign (b. 1361)
- probable – John Purvey, English theologian (b. 1353)
1429
- February – Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, founder of the Medici dynasty of Florence (b. c. 1360)
- June 22 – Ghiyath al-Kashi, Persian mathematician and astronomer (b. 1380)
- July 4 – Carlo I Tocco, ruler of Epirus (b. 1372)
- July 12 – Jean Gerson, chancellor of the University of Paris (b. 1363)
- September 28 – Cymburgis of Masovia, Duchess of Austria by marriage to Duke Ernest the Iron of Inner Austria (b. 1394)
- October – Alexios IV Megas Komnenos, Empire of Trebizond (b. 1382)
- date unknown – Emperor Yeshaq I of Ethiopia (b. 1414)
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en
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Q81774
| 540,646 |
{{short description|Decade}}
{{Decadebox|142}}
The '''1420s''' decade ran from January 1, 1420, to December 31, 1429.
{{Events by year for decade|142}}
==Significant people==
{{empty section|date=March 2016}}
{{Births and deaths by year for decade|142}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1420s}}
[[Category:1420s| ]]
| 1,185,455,373 |
[]
| false |
# 14th Bangladesh National Film Awards
The 14th Bangladesh National Film Awards were presented by the Ministry of Information, Bangladesh to felicitate the best of Bangladeshi cinema released in the year 1989. The ceremony took place in Dhaka and awards were given by then president of Bangladesh. The National Film Awards are the only film awards given by the government itself. Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in Dhaka. 1989 was the 14th National Film Awards.
## List of winners
This year awards were given in 16 categories. Awards for Best Film was not given in 1989.
### Merit awards
| Name of Awards | Winner(s) | Film |
| --------------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------- |
| Best Director | A. J. Mintu | Satya Mithya |
| Best Actor | Alamgir | Khotipuron |
| Best Actress | Shabana | Ranga Bhabi |
| Best Actor in a Supporting Role | Black Anwar | Byathar Daan |
| Best Actress in a Supporting Role | Khaleda Aktar Kolpona | The Master of Jinns |
| Best Child Artist | Master Johnson | Satya Mithya |
| Best Music Director | Ali Hossain | Byathar Daan |
| Best Lyrics | Moniruzzaman Monir | Chetona |
| Best Male Playback Singer | Andrew Kishore | Khotipuron |
| Best Female Playback Singer | Runa Laila | Accident |
### Technical awards
| Name of Awards | Winner(s) | Film |
| ------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| Best Art Director | Abdus Sabur | The Affliction of Estrangement |
| Best Screenplay | A. J. Mintu | Satya Mithya |
| Best Cinematography | Arun Roy | Bhaijan |
| Best Editing | Mujibur Rahman Dulu | Satya Mithya |
| Best Sound Editing | Mafizul Haque | Khotipuron |
| Best Dialogue | Chatku Ahmed | Satya Mithya |
|
enwiki/45346950
|
enwiki
| 45,346,950 |
14th Bangladesh National Film Awards
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Bangladesh_National_Film_Awards
|
2024-09-08T11:35:31Z
|
en
|
Q19894632
| 68,285 |
{{Short description|National Film Awards, Bangladesh}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 14
| award = Bangladesh National Film Awards| award_link = National Film Awards (Bangladesh)
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| awarded_for = Best of bangladeshi cinema in 1989
| award_org = [[President of Bangladesh]]
| presenting_org = [[Ministry of Information (Bangladesh)|Ministry of Information]]
| announced_date =
| presented_date = 1989
| site = [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
| host =
| website = {{URL|www.moi.gov.bd}}
| best_feature = Not Awarded
| best_non_feature =
| best_actor = [[Alamgir (actor)|Alamgir]]
| best_actor_film = ''[[Khotipuron]]''
| best_actress = [[Shabana (actress)|Shabana]]
| best_actress_film = ''[[Ranga Bhabi]]''
| most_wins = ''Satya Mithya'' (5)
| last = 13th
| next = 15th
}}
The '''14th Bangladesh National Film Awards''' were presented by the Ministry of Information, Bangladesh to felicitate the best of Bangladeshi cinema released in the year 1989. The ceremony took place in Dhaka and awards were given by then president of Bangladesh. The National Film Awards are the only film awards given by the government itself. Every year, a national panel appointed by the government selects the winning entry, and the award ceremony is held in [[Dhaka]]. 1989 was the 14th [[National Film Awards (Bangladesh)|National Film Awards]].<ref name=bdnews24>{{cite news|url=http://glitz.bdnews24.com/details.php?catry=2&showns=2012 |script-title=bn:চার দশকে আমাদের সেরা চলচ্চিত্রগুলো |work=bdnews24 |author=Rashed Shaon |language=bn |access-date=November 4, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228185658/http://glitz.bdnews24.com/details.php?catry=2&showns=2012 |archive-date=December 28, 2012 }}</ref>
==List of winners==
This year awards were given in 16 categories. Awards for Best Film was not given in 1989.
===Merit awards===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"|Name of Awards
! style="background:#EEDD82;"|Winner(s)
! style="background:#EEDD82;"|Film
|-
|Best Director || [[A. J. Mintu]] || ''[[Satya Mithya]]''<ref name=ajmintusatyamithya>{{cite news|url=http://mediakhabor.com/?p=14097|script-title=bn:স্মৃতির পটে একজন এ জে মিন্টুর ‘’সত্য মিথ্যা’|trans-title=A J Mintu's 'Satya Mithya' in the corner of Memory|publisher=Media Khabor|location=Dhaka|language=bn|access-date=November 30, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160126014907/http://mediakhabor.com/?p=14097|archive-date=January 26, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|Best Actor || [[Alamgir (actor)|Alamgir]] ||''Khotipuron''
|-
|Best Actress || [[Shabana (actress)|Shabana]] || ''Ranga Bhabi''
|-
|Best Actor in a Supporting Role || [[Black Anwar]] ||''Byathar Daan''
|-
|Best Actress in a Supporting Role || [[Khaleda Aktar Kolpona]] ||''The Master of Jinns''
|-
|Best Child Artist || Master Johnson ||''[[Satya Mithya]]''
|-
|Best Music Director || [[Ali Hossain]] || ''Byathar Daan''
|-
|Best Lyrics|| [[Moniruzzaman Monir]] ||''Chetona''<ref name=sylhetexpress>{{cite news|url=http://www.sylhetexpress.com/news/details.php?id=6214|script-title=bn:পরিবারের সবাই চেয়েছিলেন ডাক্তার হবেন তিনি হলেন গীতিকার মনিরুজ্জামান মনির|author=Selim Aowal|newspaper=Sylhet Express|date=October 4, 2011|language=bn|access-date=October 31, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203061457/http://www.sylhetexpress.com/news/details.php?id=6214|archive-date=February 3, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|Best Male Playback Singer || [[Andrew Kishore]] ||''Khotipuron''
|-
|Best Female Playback Singer || [[Runa Laila]] ||''Accident''
|}
===Technical awards===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#EEDD82;"|Name of Awards
! style="background:#EEDD82;"|Winner(s)
! style="background:#EEDD82;"|Film
|-
|Best Art Director || Abdus Sabur ||''The Affliction of Estrangement''
|-
|Best Screenplay || [[A. J. Mintu]] ||''[[Satya Mithya]]''<ref name=ajmintusatyamithya/>
|-
|Best Cinematography || [[Arun Roy]] ||''Bhaijan''
|-
|Best Editing || [[Mujibur Rahman Dulu]] || ''[[Satya Mithya]]''
|-
|Best Sound Editing || Mafizul Haque || ''Khotipuron''
|-
|Best Dialogue || [[Chatku Ahmed]] ||''[[Satya Mithya]]''
|}
==See also==
*[[Bachsas Awards]]
*[[Meril Prothom Alo Awards]]
*[[Ifad Film Club Award]]
*[[Babisas Award]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Bangladesh National Film Awards}}
{{National Cinema Awards}}
[[Category:National Film Awards (Bangladesh) ceremonies]]
[[Category:1989 film awards]]
[[Category:1989 awards in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:1989 in Dhaka]]
| 1,244,659,321 |
[{"title": "14th Bangladesh National Film Awards", "data": {"Awarded for": "Best of bangladeshi cinema in 1989", "Awarded by": "President of Bangladesh", "Presented by": "Ministry of Information", "Presented on": "1989", "Site": "Dhaka, Bangladesh", "Official website": "www.moi.gov.bd"}}, {"title": "Highlights", "data": {"Best Feature Film": "Not Awarded", "Best Actor": "Alamgir \u00b7 Khotipuron", "Best Actress": "Shabana \u00b7 Ranga Bhabi", "Most awards": "Satya Mithya (5)"}}]
| false |
# 1877 Huntingdonshire by-election
The 1877 Huntingdonshire by-election was fought on 29 June 1877. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Henry Carstairs Pelly. It was won by the Conservative candidate Viscount Mandeville.
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| ------------------- | ------------------- | --------------------------- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| | Conservative | George Montagu | 1,468 | 51.0 | −21.4 |
| | Liberal | Henry Wentworth-FitzWilliam | 1,410 | 49.0 | +21.4 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 58 | 2.0 | −4.7 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 2,878 | 76.8 | 0.0 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 3,748 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | -21.4 | |
|
enwiki/41233327
|
enwiki
| 41,233,327 |
1877 Huntingdonshire by-election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1877_Huntingdonshire_by-election
|
2024-12-16T04:39:01Z
|
en
|
Q16845732
| 59,450 |
{{Short description|UK Parliamentary by-election}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2019}}
The '''1877 [[Huntingdonshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Huntingdonshire]] by-election''' was fought on 29 June 1877. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] MP, [[Henry Carstairs Pelly]]. It was won by the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] candidate [[Viscount Mandeville]].<ref>{{Rayment-hc|date=May 2021}}</ref>
{{Election box begin |
|title=1877 Huntingdonshire by-election (1 seat)
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[George Montagu, 8th Duke of Manchester|George Montagu]]
|votes = 1,468
|percentage = 51.0
|change = -21.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Henry Wentworth-FitzWilliam]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Huntingdonshire|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000421/18770616/105/0006|access-date=1 January 2018|work=Cambridge Chronicle and Journal|date=16 June 1877|page=6|via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|votes = 1,410
|percentage = 49.0
|change = +21.4
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 58
|percentage = 2.0
|change = -4.7
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 2,878
|percentage = 76.8
|change = 0.0
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 3,748
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = -21.4
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{By-elections to the 21st UK Parliament}}
[[Category:1877 in England]]
[[Category:1877 elections in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Politics of Huntingdonshire]]
[[Category:By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Cambridgeshire constituencies]]
[[Category:19th century in Huntingdonshire]]
{{England-UK-Parl-by-election-stub}}
| 1,263,351,942 |
[]
| false |
# 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in Pennsylvania on October 14, 1800, for the 7th Congress.
## Background
Thirteen Representatives (8 Democratic-Republicans and 7 Federalists) had been elected in the previous election
## Congressional districts
Pennsylvania was divided into 12 districts, one of which (the 4th) was a plural district, with 2 Representatives. This was the last election which used these districts.
- The 1st district consisted of the City of Philadelphia
- The 2nd district consisted of Philadelphia County
- The 3rd district consisted of Chester and Delaware Counties
- The 4th district (2 seats) consisted of Montgomery, Bucks and Northampton Counties
- The 5th district consisted of Berks and Luzerne County
- The 6th district consisted of Northumberland and Dauphin Counties
- The 7th district consisted of Lancaster County
- The 8th district consisted of York County
- The 9th district consisted of Mifflin and Cumberland County
- The 10th district consisted of Bedford, Huntingdon and Franklin Counties
- The 11th district consisted of Westmoreland and Fayette Counties
- The 12th district consisted of Allegheny and Washington Counties
The counties that made up the 5th district did not border each other. That district was therefore made up of two separate pieces rather than being a single contiguous entity
Note: Many of these counties covered much larger areas than they do today, having since been divided into smaller counties
## Election results
Nine incumbents (8 Democratic-Republicans and 1 Federalist) ran for re-election, all of whom won re-election. The incumbents Robert Waln (F) of the 1st district, Richard Thomas (F) of the 3rd district, John W. Kittera (F) of the 7th district and Thomas Hartley (F) of the 8th district did not run for re-election. Ten Democratic-Republicans and three Federalists were elected, a net gain of 2 seats for the Democratic-Republicans.
| District | Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | Federalist | Federalist | Federalist |
| ----------- | --------------------- | --------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------- | ---------- | ---------- |
| 1st | William Jones | 1,698 | 50.2% | Francis Gurney | 1,684 | 48.8% |
| 2nd | Michael Leib (I) | 2,744 | 77.8% | John Lardner | 783 | 22.2% |
| 3rd | Joseph Shallcroft | 2,389 | 46.7% | Joseph Hemphill | 2,732 | 53.3% |
| 4th 2 seats | Peter Muhlenberg (I) | 6,683 | 34.4% | Cadwallader C. Evans | 3,028 | 15.6% |
| 4th 2 seats | Robert Brown (I) | 6,681 | 34.4% | John Arndt | 3,010 | 15.5% |
| 5th | Joseph Hiester (I) | 3,018 | 83.2% | Roswell Wells | 611 | 16.8% |
| 6th | John A. Hanna (I) | 4,295 | 74.6% | Samuel Maclay | 1,460 | 25.4% |
| 7th | John Whitehill | 1,927 | 45.9% | Thomas Boude | 2,274 | 54.1% |
| 8th | John Stewart | 2,263 | 54.8% | John Eddie | 1,866 | 45.2% |
| 9th | Andrew Gregg (I) | 2,383 | 72.6% | David Mitchell | 901 | 27.4% |
| 10th | David Bard | 967 | 46.4% | Henry Woods (I) | 1,118 | 53.6% |
| 11th | John Smilie (I) | 2,182 | 100% | | | |
| 12th | Albert Gallatin (I) | 4,270 | 72.9% | Presley Neville | 1,590 | 27.1% |
## Special elections
There were three special elections following the October elections, one of which was for the outgoing Congress.
In the 4th district, Peter Muhlenberg (DR) was elected to the Senate on November 27, 1800, while in the 12th district, Albert Gallatin (DR) was appointed Secretary of the Treasury in May, 1801. Neither served in the 7th Congress, and special elections were held in both districts on October 13, 1801
| District | Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | Democratic-Republican | Federalist Party | Federalist Party | Federalist Party |
| -------- | --------------------- | --------------------- | --------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- | ---------------- |
| 4th | Isaac Van Horne | 4,687 | 100% | | | |
| 12th | William Hoge | 4,687 | 82.6% | Alexander Fowler | 836 | 14.7% |
| 12th | Isaac Weaver | 154 | 2.7% | | | |
|
enwiki/33014242
|
enwiki
| 33,014,242 |
1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Pennsylvania
|
2025-01-22T21:22:25Z
|
en
|
Q7890542
| 245,347 |
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, 1800
| country = Pennsylvania
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, 1798
| previous_year = 1798
| election_date = October 14, 1800
| next_election = United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, 1802
| next_year = 1802
| seats_for_election = All 13 Pennsylvania seats to the [[United States House of Representatives]]
| party1 = Democratic-Republican
| last_election1 = 8
| seats1 = 10
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 2
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| swing1 =
| map_image =
| map_size = 250px
| map_caption = '''District Results (Philadelphia County inset):'''
{{legend|#005500|Democratic-Republican hold}}
{{legend|#008000|Democratic-Republican gain}}
{{legend|#9d3e18|Federalist hold}}
{{legend|#e16d3e|Federalist gain}}
| party2 = Federalist Party (United States)
| last_election2 = 5
| seats2 = 3
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 2
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| swing2 =
}}
{{ElectionsPA}}
[[Election]]s to the [[United States House of Representatives]] were held in [[Pennsylvania]] on October 14, 1800, for the [[7th United States Congress|7th Congress]].
==Background==
Thirteen Representatives (8 [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republicans]] and 7 [[Federalist Party|Federalists]]) had been elected in [[United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, 1798|the previous election]]
==Congressional districts==
Pennsylvania was divided into 12 districts, one of which (the {{ushr|PA|4|4th}}) was a [[plural district]], with 2 Representatives. This was the last election which used these districts.
*The {{ushr|PA|1|1st district}} consisted of the City of [[Philadelphia]]
*The {{ushr|PA|2|2nd district}} consisted of [[Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia County]]
*The {{ushr|PA|3|3rd district}} consisted of [[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester]] and [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware Counties]]
*The {{ushr|PA|4|4th district}} (2 seats) consisted of [[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania|Montgomery]], [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Bucks]] and [[Northampton County, Pennsylvania|Northampton Counties]]
*The {{ushr|PA|5|5th district}} consisted of [[Berks County, Pennsylvania|Berks]] and [[Luzerne County, Pennsylvania|Luzerne County]]
*The {{ushr|PA|6|6th district}} consisted of [[Northumberland County, Pennsylvania|Northumberland]] and [[Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Dauphin Counties]]
*The {{ushr|PA|7|7th district}} consisted of [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]]
*The {{ushr|PA|8|8th district}} consisted of [[York County, Pennsylvania|York County]]
*The {{ushr|PA|9|9th district}} consisted of [[Mifflin County, Pennsylvania|Mifflin]] and [[Cumberland County, Pennsylvania|Cumberland County]]
*The {{ushr|PA|10|10th district}} consisted of [[Bedford County, Pennsylvania|Bedford]], [[Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania|Huntingdon]] and [[Franklin County, Pennsylvania|Franklin Counties]]
*The {{ushr|PA|11|11th district}} consisted of [[Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania|Westmoreland]] and [[Fayette County, Pennsylvania|Fayette Counties]]
*The {{ushr|PA|12|12th district}} consisted of [[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Allegheny]] and [[Washington County, Pennsylvania|Washington Counties]]
The counties that made up the 5th district did not border each other. That district was therefore made up of two separate pieces rather than being a single contiguous entity
Note: Many of these counties covered much larger areas than they do today, having since been divided into smaller counties
==Election results==
Nine incumbents (8 Democratic-Republicans and 1 Federalist) ran for re-election, all of whom won re-election. The incumbents [[Robert Waln]] (F) of the {{ushr|PA|1|1st district}}, [[Richard Thomas (Pennsylvania politician)|Richard Thomas]] (F) of the {{ushr|PA|3|3rd district}}, [[John W. Kittera]] (F) of the {{ushr|PA|7|7th district}} and [[Thomas Hartley]] (F) of the {{ushr|PA|8|8th district}} did not run for re-election. Ten Democratic-Republicans and three Federalists were elected, a net gain of 2 seats for the Democratic-Republicans.
{| class=wikitable
|+'''1800 United States House election results'''
|-
! District
! {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} colspan="3" | [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]]
! {{Party shading/Federalist}} colspan="3" | [[Federalist Party|Federalist]]
|-
| {{ushr|PA|1|1st}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''[[William Jones (statesman)|William Jones]]'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''1,698'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''50.2%'''
| Francis Gurney
| 1,684
| 48.8%
|-
| {{ushr|PA|2|2nd}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''[[Michael Leib]] (I)'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''2,744'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''77.8%'''
| John Lardner
| 783
| 22.2%
|-
| {{ushr|PA|3|3rd}}
| Joseph Shallcroft
| 2,389
| 46.7%
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''[[Joseph Hemphill]]'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''2,732'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''53.3%'''
|-
| rowspan=2 | {{ushr|PA|4|4th}}<br><small>2 seats</small>
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''[[Peter Muhlenberg]] (I)'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''6,683'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''34.4%'''
| Cadwallader C. Evans
| 3,028
| 15.6%
|-
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''[[Robert Brown (Pennsylvania)|Robert Brown]] (I)'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''6,681'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''34.4%'''
| John Arndt
| 3,010
| 15.5%
|-
| {{ushr|PA|5|5th}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''[[Joseph Hiester]] (I)'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''3,018'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''83.2%'''
| Roswell Wells
| 611
| 16.8%
|-
| {{ushr|PA|6|6th}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''[[John A. Hanna]] (I)'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''4,295'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''74.6%'''
| [[Samuel Maclay]]
| 1,460
| 25.4%
|-
| {{ushr|PA|7|7th}}
| [[John Whitehill (representative)|John Whitehill]]
| 1,927
| 45.9%
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''[[Thomas Boude]]'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''2,274'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''54.1%'''
|-
| {{ushr|PA|8|8th}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''[[John Stewart (Pennsylvania politician)|John Stewart]]<ref>Also won special election to 6th Congress</ref>'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''2,263'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''54.8%'''
| John Eddie
| 1,866
| 45.2%
|-
| {{ushr|PA|9|9th}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''[[Andrew Gregg]] (I)'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''2,383'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''72.6%'''
| David Mitchell
| 901
| 27.4%
|-
| {{ushr|PA|10|10th}}
| [[David Bard]]
| 967
| 46.4%
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''[[Henry Woods (Pennsylvania politician)|Henry Woods]] (I)'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''1,118'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''53.6%'''
|-
| {{ushr|PA|11|11th}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''[[John Smilie]] (I)'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''2,182'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''100%'''
| colspan=3 |
|-
| {{ushr|PA|12|12th}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''[[Albert Gallatin]] (I)'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''4,270'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''72.9%'''
| [[Presley Neville]]
| 1,590
| 27.1%
|}
== Special elections ==
There were three special elections following the October elections, [[United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, 1798#Special election|one of which]] was for the [[6th United States Congress|outgoing Congress]].
In the {{ushr|PA|4|4th district}}, [[Peter Muhlenberg]] (DR) was elected to the [[United States Senate|Senate]] on November 27, 1800, while in the {{ushr|PA|12|12th district}}, [[Albert Gallatin]] (DR) was appointed [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary of the Treasury]] in May, 1801. Neither served in the 7th Congress, and special elections were held in both districts on October 13, 1801
{| class=wikitable
|+'''1801 Special election results'''
|-
! District
! {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} colspan="3" | [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]]
! {{Party shading/Federalist}} colspan="3" | [[Federalist Party]]
|-
| {{ushr|PA|4|4th}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''[[Isaac Van Horne]]'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''4,687'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''100%'''
| colspan=3 |
|-
| rowspan=2 | {{ushr|PA|12|12th}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''[[William Hoge (Pennsylvania politician)|William Hoge]]'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''4,687'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''82.6%'''
| Alexander Fowler
| 836
| 14.7%
|-
| Isaac Weaver
| 154
| 2.7%
| colspan=3 |
|}
== References ==
*Electoral data are from [http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/rep/Congress%201800.pdf the Wilkes University Election Statistics Project]
<references/>
{{1800 United States elections}}
[[Category:United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania|1800]]
[[Category:1800 United States House of Representatives elections|Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:1800 Pennsylvania elections|United States House of Representatives]]
[[Category:October 1800|United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania]]
| 1,271,165,979 |
[{"title": "United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania, 1800", "data": {"\u2190 1798": "October 14, 1800 \u00b7 1802 \u2192"}}, {"title": "All 13 Pennsylvania seats to the United States House of Representatives", "data": {"Party": "Democratic-Republican \u00b7 Federalist", "Last election": "8 \u00b7 5", "Seats won": "10 \u00b7 3", "Seat change": "2 \u00b7 2"}}]
| false |
# 14th Battalion (Australia)
The 14th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. Originally raised in 1914 as part of the Australian Imperial Force for service in World War I, the battalion served at Gallipoli initially before being sent to France where it served in the trenches along the Western Front until the end of the war, when it was disbanded. It was raised again in 1921 as a part-time unit of the Citizen Forces based in Victoria. Later, during World War II the battalion was called up for defensive duties to guard against possible Japanese invasion, but in late 1942 it was merged with the 32nd Battalion to become the 14th/32nd Battalion.
## History
### World War I
The 14th Battalion was first raised in Melbourne in September 1914 as part of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF), which was an all volunteer force raised for overseas service during World War I. Forming part of the 4th Brigade which was commanded by Colonel John Monash, the battalion was assigned to the New Zealand and Australian Division. After undertaking initial training at Broadmeadows, the battalion embarked for Egypt in December 1914, arriving there the following month.
In Egypt further training was undertaken and then on 25 April 1915 the battalion took part in the landing and subsequent campaign at Gallipoli, where Albert Jacka, then a lance-corporal, earned the Victoria Cross for bravery during a Turkish counterattack in May. For the next two months they undertook defensive operations as the beachhead was established before being committed to the August Offensive during which they were involved in attacks upon Hill 971 and Hill 60. The offensive failed to achieve the breakout that was designed and a period of stalemate followed before the decision was made to evacuate the peninsula in December 1915.
Following this, the battalion was transferred back to Egypt where the AIF underwent a period of reorganisation as decisions were made about their future employment. As a part of this process, the decision was made to raise a number of new units by splitting the previously existing battalions and using their experienced personnel to form new battalions with refresh recruits from Australia. During this time, the 14th Battalion provided a cadre of experienced officers and non-commissioned officers to the newly formed 46th Battalion. It was also reassigned to the newly raised 4th Division.
In mid-1916 the decision was made to transfer elements of the AIF to Europe to take part in the fighting in the trenches along the Western Front. Following their arrival in France in July, the 14th Battalion's first major engagement came in August 1916 when they were committed to the fighting around at Pozières. Over the course of next two and a half years, it was involved in a number of other battles. During April 1917, it took part in the fighting around Bullecourt. In early 1918, they undertook a defensive role, helping to turn back the German spring offensive before taking part in the Allied Hundred Days Offensive, which was launched around Amiens on 8 August 1918. At Amiens, the battalion advanced in the centre of the brigade along the Hamel–Cerisy road amid a blanket of fog, and seized the village of Morcourt in the second phase of the attack along the Australian front. Following the initial attack, the battalion continued further operations as part of the Allied advance. Its final engagement came in late September and early the following month, the units of the Australian Corps were withdrawn from the line and were subsequently in the rear when the Armistice occurred on 11 November 1918.
Following the Armistice in November 1918, the battalion began to return to Australia for demobilisation. Total casualties suffered by the battalion during the war included 915 killed and 2,229 wounded. Members of the battalion received the following decorations: one Victoria Cross, one Companion of the Order of the Bath, six Distinguished Service Orders, two Officers of the Orders of the British Empire, 25 Distinguished Conduct Medals, 35 Military Crosses, 143 Military Medals, one British Empire Medal, seven Meritorious Service Medals, 47 Mentions in Despatches, and seven foreign awards. The battalion received a total of 22 battle honours for its actions during the war.
The regimental colour of the 14th Battalion 1st AIF was laid up in St Kilda Town Hall in August 1930. It was presented by Albert Jacka, who served as mayor of the city until he died in office in January 1932.
### Inter-war years
In 1921, as part of a re-organisation of Australia's military forces, the battalion was raised again as part of the Citizen Forces (which was later known as the Militia). Based in the southeast Melbourne area in Victoria and drawing its manpower from three previously existing Citizen Forces units—the 2nd and 5th Battalions of the 14th Infantry Regiment, and 29th (Port Phillip) Light Horse—to the preserve the honours and traditions of the AIF unit, the newly raised battalion adopted its unit colour patch and took custody of the battle honours that they had received during World War I. It also inherited the theatre honour "South Africa 1899–1902", through its predecessor units.
Upon formation, the 14th Battalion was once again placed under the command of the 4th Brigade, however, under the new structure, it was assigned at divisional level to the 3rd Division, which was part of the 3rd Military District (Victoria). Initially, the battalion was brought up to its authorised strength of around 1,000 personnel through the compulsory training scheme; however, in an effort to realise a peace dividend, in 1922 the Army's budget was reduced by 50 per cent and the scope of the training scheme reduced following the resolution of the Washington Naval Treaty. As a result of this, the battalion's authorised strength was reduced to just 409 men of all ranks and training and recruitment efforts were reduced.
In 1927, the territorial designations were introduced into the Citizen Forces and as a result the 14th Battalion adopted the title of the "Prahran Regiment" to reflect its affiliation with the Prahran region. It also adopted the motto "Stand Fast" at this time. The manpower issue became more critical in 1930, as a result of the combined effects of the suspension of the compulsory training scheme and the economic hardships the Great Depression. As the number of recruits available fell even further, the decision was made to amalgamate a number of infantry battalions. Although the 14th Battalion was not affected at this time, nevertheless for most of the 1930s it struggled to maintain its numbers and training opportunities were limited.
### World War II
Upon the outbreak of World War II, the Australian government once again decided to form an all-volunteer force, known as the Second Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF), for overseas service because the legislative provisions of the Defence Act (1903) prohibited sending the Militia to fight outside of Australian territory. The role of the Militia at this time was to provide a core of experienced men upon which the 2nd AIF could be raised, as well as providing a structure upon which further mobilisation could be based. In January 1940, the compulsory training scheme was re-established, and Militia units were progressively called up to undertake periods of continuous service throughout 1940 and 1941 to improve the nation's level of military preparedness.
In late 1941, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and invasion of Malaya, the battalion was called up for full-time war service. Initially, they were used to build and man defences at various locations around Victoria, however, later they were transferred to Western Australia where they became part of the 6th Brigade. By mid-1942, however, due to manpower shortages that occurred in the Australian economy as a result of over mobilisation of its military forces, the Australian government decided to disband a number of Militia units to release their personnel back into the civilian workforce. As a result, in September 1942, while at Geraldton, the 14th Battalion was merged with the 32nd Battalion, to become the 14th/32nd Battalion.
## Battle honours
For its service during World War I, the 14th Battalion received the following battle and theatre honours:
- Boer War: South Africa 1899–1902 (inherited);
- World War I: Somme 1916–1918, Pozières, Bullecourt, Messines 1917, Ypres 1917, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Passchendaele, Arras 1918, Hamel, Amiens, Albert 1918, Hindenburg Line, Epehy, France and Flanders 1916–18, ANZAC, Landing at ANZAC, Defence at ANZAC, Suvla, Sari–Bair, Gallipoli 1915, Egypt 1915–16.[3]
## Commanding officers
- Lieutenant Colonel Richard Edmont Courtney;
- Lieutenant Colonel Charles Moreland Montague Dare;
- Lieutenant Colonel Walter John Smith;
- Lieutenant Colonel Henry Arnold Crowther;
- Lieutenant Colonel William Llewellyn Arrell.[3]
## Alliances
- United Kingdom – The West Yorkshire Regiment.[11]
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{{Other uses|2/14th Battalion (Australia)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use Australian English|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=14th Battalion
|image=A03803 14th Battalion AIF Gallipoli.jpg
|image_size = 300
|caption=14th Battalion soldiers occupy dug outs at Gallipoli
|dates=1914–1919<br/>1921–1942
|country={{flag|Australia|23px}}
|allegiance=
|branch=[[Australian Army]]
|type=[[Infantry]]
|role=
|size=~900–1,000 men{{#tag:ref|During World War I, the authorised establishment of an Australian infantry battalion was 1,023 men. By the start of World War II, the normal size of an Australian infantry battalion was 910 men all ranks.{{sfn|Kuring|2004|pp=47 & 176}}{{sfn|Palazzo|2004|p=94}}|group=Note}}
|command_structure=[[4th Brigade (Australia)|4th Brigade]], [[New Zealand and Australian Division]], <br>4th Brigade, [[4th Division (Australia)|4th Division]]<br>4th Brigade, [[3rd Division (Australia)|3rd Division]]
|garrison=
|garrison_label=
|nickname=Prahran Regiment<br>Jacka's Mob
|patron=
|motto=
|colors=Yellow over blue
|colors_label=Colours
|march=
|mascot=
|equipment=
|equipment_label=
|battles=World War I
*[[Gallipoli campaign]]
*[[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]
World War II
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
|battle_honours_label=
|disbanded=
|flying_hours=
|website=
<!-- Commanders -->
|commander1=
|commander1_label=
|commander2=
|commander2_label=
|commander3=
|commander3_label=
|commander4=
|commander4_label=
|notable_commanders=
<!-- Insignia -->
|identification_symbol=[[File:14th Battalion AIF Unit Colour Patch.PNG|70px]]
|identification_symbol_label=[[Unit colour patch]]
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_3=
|identification_symbol_4=
|identification_symbol_2_label=
|identification_symbol_3_label=
|identification_symbol_4_label=
}}
The '''14th Battalion''' was an [[infantry]] [[battalion]] of the [[Australian Army]]. Originally raised in 1914 as part of the [[First Australian Imperial Force|Australian Imperial Force]] for service in World War I, the battalion served at [[Gallipoli campaign|Gallipoli]] initially before being sent to France where it served in the trenches along the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] until the end of the war, when it was disbanded. It was raised again in 1921 as a part-time unit of the [[Australian Army Reserve|Citizen Forces]] based in [[Victoria, Australia|Victoria]]. Later, during World War II the battalion was called up for defensive duties to guard against possible Japanese invasion, but in late 1942 it was merged with the [[32nd Battalion (Australia)|32nd Battalion]] to become the [[14th/32nd Battalion (Australia)|14th/32nd Battalion]].
{{TOC limit|2}}
==History==
===World War I===
The 14th Battalion was first raised in [[Melbourne, Victoria|Melbourne]] in September 1914 as part of the [[First Australian Imperial Force|Australian Imperial Force]] (AIF), which was an all volunteer force raised for overseas service during World War I. Forming part of the [[4th Brigade (Australia)|4th Brigade]] which was commanded by Colonel [[John Monash]], the battalion was assigned to the [[New Zealand and Australian Division]].<ref name=AWM>{{cite web|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_11201.asp |title=14th Battalion |work=First World War, 1914–1918 units |publisher=Australian War Memorial |access-date=7 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420105648/http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_11201.asp |archive-date=20 April 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> After undertaking initial training at [[Broadmeadows, Victoria|Broadmeadows]], the battalion embarked for [[Egypt]] in December 1914, arriving there the following month.<ref name=AWM/>
In Egypt further training was undertaken and then on 25 April 1915 the battalion took part in the landing and subsequent campaign at [[Gallipoli campaign|Gallipoli]], where [[Albert Jacka]], then a lance-corporal, earned the [[Victoria Cross]] for bravery during a Turkish counterattack in May.<ref name=AWM/> For the next two months they undertook defensive operations as the beachhead was established before being committed to the [[Battle of Sari Bair|August Offensive]] during which they were involved in attacks upon Hill 971 and [[Battle of Hill 60 (Gallipoli)|Hill 60]]. The offensive failed to achieve the breakout that was designed and a period of stalemate followed before the decision was made to evacuate the peninsula in December 1915.<ref name=AWM/>
Following this, the battalion was transferred back to Egypt where the AIF underwent a period of reorganisation as decisions were made about their future employment. As a part of this process, the decision was made to raise a number of new units by splitting the previously existing battalions and using their experienced personnel to form new battalions with refresh recruits from Australia.{{sfn|Grey|2008|pp=99–100}} During this time, the 14th Battalion provided a [[en cadre|cadre]] of experienced officers and non-commissioned officers to the newly formed [[46th Battalion (Australia)|46th Battalion]].{{sfn|Bean|1941|p=42}} It was also reassigned to the newly raised [[4th Division (Australia)|4th Division]].<ref name=AWM/>{{sfn|Grey|2008|p=100}}
In mid-1916 the decision was made to transfer elements of the AIF to Europe to take part in the fighting in the trenches along the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]].{{sfn|Grey|2008|p=100}} Following their arrival in France in July, the 14th Battalion's first major engagement came in August 1916 when they were committed to the fighting around at [[Battle of Pozières|Pozières]]. Over the course of next two and a half years, it was involved in a number of other battles. During April 1917, it took part in the fighting around [[Battle of Arras (1917)|Bullecourt]]. In early 1918, they undertook a defensive role, helping to turn back the [[German spring offensive]] before taking part in the Allied [[Hundred Days Offensive]], which was launched around [[Battle of Amiens (1918)|Amiens]] on 8 August 1918.<ref name=AWM/> At Amiens, the battalion advanced in the centre of the brigade along the Hamel–Cerisy road amid a blanket of fog, and seized the village of Morcourt in the second phase of the attack along the Australian front.{{sfn|Bean|1942|pp=562–563}} Following the initial attack, the battalion continued further operations as part of the Allied advance. Its final engagement came in late September and early the following month, the units of the [[Australian Corps]] were withdrawn from the line and were subsequently in the rear when the [[Armistice]] occurred on 11 November 1918.<ref name=AWM/>
[[File:Albert Jacka portrait A02868.jpg|thumb|Albert Jacka, who received the 14th Battalion's only Victoria Cross during World War I.]]
Following the [[Armistice]] in November 1918, the battalion began to return to Australia for [[demobilisation]]. Total casualties suffered by the battalion during the war included 915 killed and 2,229 wounded. Members of the battalion received the following decorations: one Victoria Cross, one [[Order of the Bath|Companion of the Order of the Bath]], six [[Distinguished Service Order]]s, two [[Order of the British Empire|Officers of the Orders of the British Empire]], 25 [[Distinguished Conduct Medal]]s, 35 [[Military Cross]]es, 143 [[Military Medal]]s, one [[British Empire Medal]], seven [[Meritorious Service Medal (United Kingdom)|Meritorious Service Medals]], 47 [[Mentioned in Despatches|Mentions in Despatches]], and seven foreign awards.<ref name=AWM/> The battalion received a total of 22 [[battle honour]]s for its actions during the war.{{sfn|Festberg|1972|p=75}}
The regimental colour of the 14th Battalion 1st AIF was laid up in St Kilda Town Hall in August 1930. It was presented by Albert Jacka, who served as mayor of the city until he died in office in January 1932.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gallipolilegend.com/stkilda.html |title=Return of the Gallipoli Legend: Jacka VC |author= Lawriwsky, Michael |access-date=11 January 2018}}</ref>
===Inter-war years===
In 1921, as part of a re-organisation of Australia's military forces, the battalion was raised again as part of the [[Australian Army Reserve|Citizen Forces]] (which was later known as the Militia).<ref name=AWM2>{{cite web|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_11307.asp|title=14th/32nd Battalion |work=Second World War, 1939–1945 units|publisher=Australian War Memorial|access-date=7 March 2009}}</ref> Based in the southeast Melbourne area in Victoria and drawing its manpower from three previously existing Citizen Forces units—the 2nd and 5th Battalions of the 14th Infantry Regiment, and 29th (Port Phillip) Light Horse{{sfn|Festberg|1972|p=75}}<ref name=regts>{{cite web |url=http://regiments.org/regiments/australia/volmil/vic-inf/14prahra.htm |title=14th Battalion (The Prahran Regiment) |work=Land Forces of Britain, The Empire and Commonwealth |publisher=Regiments.org |access-date=23 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051227053303/http://regiments.org/regiments/australia/volmil/vic-inf/14prahra.htm |archive-date=27 December 2005 |url-status=dead }}</ref>—to the preserve the honours and traditions of the AIF unit, the newly raised battalion adopted its [[unit colour patch]] and took custody of the battle honours that they had received during World War I.{{sfn|Johnston|2007|p=5}} It also inherited the theatre honour "South Africa 1899–1902", through its predecessor units.{{sfn|Festberg|1972|p=75}}
Upon formation, the 14th Battalion was once again placed under the command of the 4th Brigade, however, under the new structure, it was assigned at divisional level to the [[3rd Division (Australia)|3rd Division]], which was part of the 3rd Military District (Victoria).<ref name=AWM2/> Initially, the battalion was brought up to its authorised strength of around 1,000 personnel through the [[Conscription in Australia|compulsory training scheme]];{{sfn|Palazzo|2002|p=64}} however, in an effort to realise a [[peace dividend]], in 1922 the Army's budget was reduced by 50 per cent and the scope of the training scheme reduced following the resolution of the [[Washington Naval Treaty]]. As a result of this, the battalion's authorised strength was reduced to just 409 men of all ranks and training and recruitment efforts were reduced.{{sfn|Palazzo|2002|pp= 65–67}}
In 1927, the territorial designations were introduced into the Citizen Forces and as a result the 14th Battalion adopted the title of the "Prahran Regiment" to reflect its affiliation with the [[Prahran, Victoria|Prahran region]].<ref name=regts/>{{sfn|Johnston|2007|pp=5–6}} It also adopted the motto "Stand Fast" at this time.{{sfn|Festberg|1972|p=75}} The manpower issue became more critical in 1930, as a result of the combined effects of the suspension of the [[Conscription in Australia|compulsory training scheme]] and the economic hardships the [[Great Depression]]. As the number of recruits available fell even further, the decision was made to amalgamate a number of infantry battalions.{{sfn|Keogh|1965|p= 44}} Although the 14th Battalion was not affected at this time, nevertheless for most of the 1930s it struggled to maintain its numbers and training opportunities were limited.{{sfn|Palazzo|2002|p=69}}
===World War II===
Upon the outbreak of World War II, the Australian government once again decided to form an all-volunteer force, known as the [[Second Australian Imperial Force]] (2nd AIF), for overseas service because the legislative provisions of the ''Defence Act (1903)'' prohibited sending the Militia to fight outside of Australian territory.{{#tag:ref|This stipulation also applied to the 2,800 strong Permanent Military Force. Nevertheless, as the war progressed, 32 Militia battalions were employed on active service during the war, all but three of which were granted AIF status. Essentially this meant that as more than 65 per cent of their wartime establishment had volunteered for service overseas, the battalion could be sent anywhere, including outside of Australian territory.{{sfn|Johnston|2007|p=5}}|group=Note}} The role of the Militia at this time was to provide a core of experienced men upon which the 2nd AIF could be raised, as well as providing a structure upon which further mobilisation could be based. In January 1940, the compulsory training scheme was re-established, and Militia units were progressively called up to undertake periods of continuous service throughout 1940 and 1941 to improve the nation's level of military preparedness.{{sfn|Johnston|2007|pp=5–6}}{{sfn|Grey|2008|p=146}}
In late 1941, after the Japanese [[attack on Pearl Harbor]] and invasion of [[Malayan campaign|Malaya]], the battalion was called up for full-time war service. Initially, they were used to build and man defences at various locations around Victoria, however, later they were transferred to [[Western Australia]] where they became part of the [[6th Brigade (Australia)|6th Brigade]].<ref name=AWM2/> By mid-1942, however, due to manpower shortages that occurred in the Australian economy as a result of over [[Military history of Australia during World War II|mobilisation of its military forces]], the Australian government decided to disband a number of Militia units to release their personnel back into the civilian workforce.{{sfn|Grey|2008|p=184}} As a result, in September 1942, while at [[Geraldton, Western Australia|Geraldton]], the 14th Battalion was merged with the [[32nd Battalion (Australia)|32nd Battalion]], to become the [[14th/32nd Battalion (Australia)|14th/32nd Battalion]].<ref name=AWM2/>{{sfn|Johnston|2007|p=8}}
==Battle honours==
For its service during World War I, the 14th Battalion received the following battle and theatre honours:{{sfn|Festberg|1972|p=75}}
*'''Boer War''': South Africa 1899–1902 (inherited);
*'''World War I''': Somme 1916–1918, Pozières, Bullecourt, Messines 1917, Ypres 1917, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Passchendaele, Arras 1918, Hamel, Amiens, Albert 1918, Hindenburg Line, Epehy, France and Flanders 1916–18, ANZAC, Landing at ANZAC, Defence at ANZAC, Suvla, Sari–Bair, Gallipoli 1915, Egypt 1915–16.<ref name=AWM/>
==Commanding officers==
* Lieutenant Colonel Richard Edmont Courtney;
* Lieutenant Colonel Charles Moreland Montague Dare;
* Lieutenant Colonel Walter John Smith;
* Lieutenant Colonel Henry Arnold Crowther;
* Lieutenant Colonel William Llewellyn Arrell.<ref name=AWM/>
==Alliances==
*{{flagu|United Kingdom}} – [[The West Yorkshire Regiment]].<ref name=regts/>
==Notes==
;Footnotes
{{reflist|group=Note}}
;Citations
{{Reflist|2}}
==References==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bean|first=Charles|author-link=Charles Bean|title=The Australian Imperial Force in France, 1916|series=Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918|volume= III|edition=12th|year=1941|publisher=Australian War Memorial|location=Canberra, Australian Capital Territory|url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1069752/|oclc=220623454}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bean|first=Charles|title=The Australian Imperial Force in France During the Allied Offensive, 1918|series=Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918|volume= VI|edition=11th|year=1942|publisher=Australian War Memorial|location=Canberra, Australian Capital Territory|url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1069923/|oclc=220900387}}
* {{cite book|last=Festberg |first=Alfred |title=The Lineage of the Australian Army |year=1972 |publisher=Allara Publishing |location= Melbourne, Victoria |isbn= 978-0-85887-024-6 }}
*{{cite book | last=Grey | first=Jeffrey |author-link=Jeffrey Grey | year=2008 | title=A Military History of Australia | edition=3rd | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=Melbourne, Victoria | isbn=978-0-521-69791-0 }}
*{{cite book|last=Johnston|first=Mark|author-link=Mark Johnston (historian)|title=The Australian Army in World War II|year=2007|series=Elite # 153|publisher=Osprey Publishing|location=Oxford|isbn=978-1-84603-123-6 }}
*{{Cite book|last=Keogh|first=Eustace|author-link = Eustace Graham Keogh|title=South West Pacific 1941–45|year=1965|publisher=Grayflower Publications|location=Melbourne, Victoria|oclc=7185705 }}
*{{Cite book|last=Kuring|first=Ian|title=Redcoats to Cams: A History of Australian Infantry 1788–2001|year=2004|publisher=Australian Military History Publications|location=Loftus, New South Wales|isbn=1-876439-99-8 }}
*{{Cite book| last = Palazzo| first = Albert| year = 2002| title = Defenders of Australia: The 3rd Australian Division 1916–1991| publisher = Australian Military Historical Publications| location = Loftus, New South Wales| isbn = 1-876439-03-3 }}
* {{cite book |last=Palazzo |first=Albert |chapter=Organising for Jungle Warfare |title=The Foundations of Victory: The Pacific War 1943–1944 |year=2004 |editor=Dennis, Peter |editor2=Grey, Jeffrey |publisher=Army History Unit |location=Canberra, Australian Capital Territory |url=https://www.army.gov.au/sites/g/files/net1846/f/2003-the_pacific_war_1943-1944_part_1_0.pdf |isbn=978-0-646-43590-9 |pages=86–102 |access-date=26 July 2017 |archive-date=14 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414083928/https://www.army.gov.au/sites/g/files/net1846/f/2003-the_pacific_war_1943-1944_part_1_0.pdf |url-status=dead }}
{{Refend}}
==Further reading==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last= Wanliss|first=Newton|title=The History of the Fourteenth Battalion, AIF: Being the Story of Vicissitudes of an Australian Unit during the Great War|year=1929|location=Melbourne|publisher=The Arrow Printery|oclc=37093659}}
{{Refend}}
{{Infantry formations of the First Australian Imperial Force |state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Australian World War I battalions|14]]
[[Category:Australian World War II battalions|14]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1914]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1919]]
[[Category:1914 establishments in Australia]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1921]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1942]]
| 1,056,795,642 |
[{"title": "14th Battalion", "data": {"Active": "1914\u20131919 \u00b7 1921\u20131942", "Country": "Australia", "Branch": "Australian Army", "Type": "Infantry", "Size": "~900\u20131,000 men", "Part of": "4th Brigade, New Zealand and Australian Division, \u00b7 4th Brigade, 4th Division \u00b7 4th Brigade, 3rd Division", "Nickname(s)": "Prahran Regiment \u00b7 Jacka's Mob", "Colours": "Yellow over blue", "Engagements": "World War I - Gallipoli campaign - Western Front World War II"}}]
| false |
# 187th New York Infantry Regiment
The 187th New York Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
## Service
The 187th New York Infantry was organized beginning September 1, 1864 at Buffalo, New York and mustered in October 8–13, 1864 for one-year service under the command of Colonel William F. Berens. Only nine companies were filled and served under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Myers.
The regiment was attached to 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps, Army of the Potomac, to July 1865.
The 187th New York Infantry mustered out of service July 1, 1865.
## Detailed service
Left New York for Petersburg, Va., October 1, 1864. Siege of Petersburg, Va., October 20, 1864 to April 2, 1865. Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, October 27–28, 1864. Warren's Raid on Weldon Railroad December 7–12. Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, February 5–6, 1865. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9. Lewis Farm, near Gravelly Run, March 29. Junction of Quaker and Boydton Roads March 29. White Oak Road March 31. Five Forks April 1. Fall of Petersburg April 2. Pursuit of Lee April 3–9. Appomattox Court House April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army. March to Washington, D.C., May 1–12. Grand Review of the Armies May 23. Duty at Washington, D.C., until July.
## Casualties
The regiment lost a total of 47 men during service; 15 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 32 enlisted men died of disease.
## Commanders
- Colonel William F. Berens
- Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Myers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/187th_New_York_Infantry_Regiment
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en
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Q27628535
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{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 187th New York Infantry Regiment
|image=
|dates= September 1, 1864 - July 1, 1865
|country= [[United States]]
|allegiance= [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
|branch= [[Infantry]]
|equipment=
<!-- Culture and history -->
|battles= [[Siege of Petersburg]]<br/>[[Battle of Boydton Plank Road]]<br/>[[Battle of Hatcher's Run]]<br/>[[Appomattox Campaign]]<br/>[[Battle of Lewis's Farm]]<br/>[[Battle of White Oak Road]]<br/>[[Battle of Five Forks]]<br/>[[Third Battle of Petersburg]]<br/>[[Battle of Appomattox Court House]]
}}{{Military unit sidebar
| title=New York U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865
| previous=[[186th New York Infantry Regiment]]
| next=[[188th New York Infantry Regiment]]
}}
The '''187th New York Infantry Regiment''' was an [[infantry]] [[regiment]] in the [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War]].
==Service==
The 187th New York Infantry was organized beginning September 1, 1864 at [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[New York (state)|New York]] and mustered in October 8–13, 1864 for one-year service under the command of [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] William F. Berens. Only nine companies were filled and served under the command of [[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|Lieutenant Colonel]] Daniel Myers.
The regiment was attached to 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, [[V Corps (Union Army)|V Corps]], [[Army of the Potomac]], to July 1865.
The 187th New York Infantry mustered out of service July 1, 1865.
==Detailed service==
Left New York for Petersburg, Va., October 1, 1864. Siege of Petersburg, Va., October 20, 1864 to April 2, 1865. Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, October 27–28, 1864. Warren's Raid on Weldon Railroad December 7–12. Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, February 5–6, 1865. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9. Lewis Farm, near Gravelly Run, March 29. Junction of Quaker and Boydton Roads March 29. White Oak Road March 31. Five Forks April 1. Fall of Petersburg April 2. Pursuit of Lee April 3–9. Appomattox Court House April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army. March to Washington, D.C., May 1–12. [[Grand Review of the Armies]] May 23. Duty at Washington, D.C., until July.
==Casualties==
The regiment lost a total of 47 men during service; 15 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded, 32 enlisted men died of disease.
==Commanders==
* Colonel William F. Berens
* Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Myers
==See also==
{{Portal|American Civil War|New York (state)}}
* [[List of New York Civil War regiments]]
* [[New York in the Civil War]]
==References==
* Dyer, Frederick H. ''A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion'' (Des Moines, IA: Dyer Pub. Co.), 1908.
* ''Fifty Years After: A Chronicle of the Fiftieth Anniversary Reunion of the 187th Regiment New York Volunteers'' (Buffalo, NY: s.n.), 1914.
;Attribution
* {{CWR}}
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1864]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1865]]
[[Category:Units and formations of the Union army from New York (state)|Infantry 187]]
| 1,272,103,527 |
[{"title": "187th New York Infantry Regiment", "data": {"Active": "September 1, 1864 - July 1, 1865", "Country": "United States", "Allegiance": "Union", "Branch": "Infantry", "Engagements": "Siege of Petersburg \u00b7 Battle of Boydton Plank Road \u00b7 Battle of Hatcher's Run \u00b7 Appomattox Campaign \u00b7 Battle of Lewis's Farm \u00b7 Battle of White Oak Road \u00b7 Battle of Five Forks \u00b7 Third Battle of Petersburg \u00b7 Battle of Appomattox Court House"}}, {"title": "", "data": {"Previous": "Next", "186th New York Infantry Regiment": "188th New York Infantry Regiment"}}]
| false |
# 1831 New Jersey gubernatorial election
The 1831 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on 28 October 1831 in order to elect the governor of New Jersey. Incumbent Democratic governor Peter Dumont Vroom was re-elected by the New Jersey General Assembly as he ran unopposed.
## General election
On election day, 28 October 1831, incumbent Democratic governor Peter Dumont Vroom was re-elected by the New Jersey General Assembly as he ran unopposed, thereby retaining Democratic control over the office of governor. Vroom was sworn in for his third term that same day.
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | --------------- | ------------------------------ | ----- | ------- |
| | Democratic | Peter Dumont Vroom (incumbent) | 56 | 100.00% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 56 | 100.00% |
| | Democratic hold | | | |
|
enwiki/77931714
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enwiki
| 77,931,714 |
1831 New Jersey gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_New_Jersey_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-24T21:36:33Z
|
en
|
Q130442119
| 111,336 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1831 New Jersey gubernatorial election
| country = New Jersey
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1830 New Jersey gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1830
| next_election = 1832 New Jersey gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1832
| election_date = 28 October 1831
| image1 = [[File:PeterDumontVroom.jpg|125px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[Peter Dumont Vroom]]'''
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''56'''
| percentage1 = '''100.00%'''
| image2 =
| nominee2 =
| party2 =
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Peter Dumont Vroom]]
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Peter Dumont Vroom]]
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsNJ}}
The '''1831 New Jersey gubernatorial election''' was held on 28 October 1831 in order to elect the [[List of governors of New Jersey|governor of New Jersey]]. [[Incumbent]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] governor [[Peter Dumont Vroom]] was re-elected by the [[New Jersey General Assembly]] as he ran unopposed.<ref name="nga">{{Cite web |title=Peter Dumont Vroom |date=19 January 2010 |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/peter-dumont-vroom/ |access-date=22 September 2024 |publisher=[[National Governors Association]]}}</ref>
==General election==
On election day, 28 October 1831, incumbent [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] governor [[Peter Dumont Vroom]] was re-elected by the [[New Jersey General Assembly]] as he ran unopposed, thereby retaining Democratic control over the office of governor. Vroom was sworn in for his third term that same day.<ref name=GBN>{{cite web |url=https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/voorheis-vyzral.html#R9M0JG97W |title=Voorheis to Vyzral |publisher=politicalgraveyard.com |date=8 March 2023 |access-date=22 September 2024}}</ref>
===Results===
{{Election box begin no change | title=New Jersey gubernatorial election, 1831|
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Peter Dumont Vroom]] (incumbent)
|votes = 56
|percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box total no change|
|votes = 56
|percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|
|winner= Democratic Party (United States)
|loser =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:1831 in New Jersey]]
[[Category:New Jersey gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:October 1831]]
[[Category:1831 United States gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:Single-candidate elections]]
[[Category:Indirect elections]]
| 1,271,611,060 |
[{"title": "1831 New Jersey gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1830": "28 October 1831 \u00b7 1832 \u2192", "Nominee": "Peter Dumont Vroom", "Party": "Democratic", "Popular vote": "56", "Percentage": "100.00%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Peter Dumont Vroom \u00b7 Democratic": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Peter Dumont Vroom \u00b7 Democratic"}}]
| false |
# 1904 Nebraska gubernatorial election
The 1904 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1904. Incumbent Republican Governor John H. Mickey won re-election to a second term, defeating Democratic and Populist fusion nominee George W. Berge with 49.67% of the vote.
## General election
### Candidates
Major party candidates
- George W. Berge, Populist,[1][2] Democratic fusion candidate,[3][4] attorney, Fusion candidate for Nebraska's 1st congressional district in 1900
- John H. Mickey, Republican, incumbent Governor
Other candidates
- Rev. Clarence F. Swander, Prohibition[5]
- Benjamin H. Vail, Socialist
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| -------- | --------------- | -------------------------- | ------- | ------ |
| | Republican | John H. Mickey (incumbent) | 111,711 | 49.67% |
| | Populist | George W. Berge | 102,568 | 45.61% |
| | Prohibition | Clarence F. Swander | 5,488 | 2.44% |
| | Socialist | Benjamin H. Vail | 5,122 | 2.28% |
| | Scattering | | 6 | 0.00% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 9,143 | 4.06% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 224,895 | |
| | Republican hold | | | |
|
enwiki/68835186
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enwiki
| 68,835,186 |
1904 Nebraska gubernatorial election
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_Nebraska_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-31T02:48:09Z
|
en
|
Q108882749
| 173,009 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1904 Nebraska gubernatorial election
| country = Nebraska
| flag_year =
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1902 Nebraska gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1902
| next_election = 1906 Nebraska gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1906
| election_date = November 8, 1904
| image1 = [[File:John H. Mickey2.jpg|x150px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[John H. Mickey]]'''
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''111,711'''
| percentage1 = '''49.67%'''
| image2 = [[File:George W Berge Nebraska.jpg|x150px]]
| nominee2 = George W. Berge
| party2 = People's Party (United States)
| alliance2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 102,568
| percentage2 = 45.61%
| map_image = 1904 Nebraska gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 300px
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Mickey:'''
{{legend0|#FFB2B2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend0|#d75d5d|60–70%}} {{legend0|#d72f30|70–80%}}<br/>'''Berge:''' {{legend0|#A5B0FF|40–50%}} {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674DE|60–70%}}<br/>'''Tie:''' {{legend0|#D2B1D9|40–50%}}
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[John H. Mickey]]
| before_party = Republican Party (United States)
| after_election = [[John H. Mickey]]
| after_party = Republican Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsNE}}
The '''1904 Nebraska gubernatorial election''' was held on November 8, 1904. Incumbent [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Governor of Nebraska|Governor]] [[John H. Mickey]] won re-election to a second term, defeating [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] and [[People's Party (United States)|Populist]] [[Electoral fusion|fusion]] nominee George W. Berge with 49.67% of the vote.
==General election==
===Candidates===
'''Major party candidates'''
*George W. Berge, Populist,<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=August 21, 1904 |title=People and Things of Public Interest |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn99021999/1904-08-21/ed-1/seq-38/ |work=Omaha daily bee |location=Omaha, Neb. |page=16 |access-date=28 September 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=August 25, 1904 |title=Hon. George W. Berge |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88086144/1904-08-25/ed-1/seq-1/ |work=The independent |location=Lincoln, Neb. |page=1 |access-date=28 September 2021 }}</ref> Democratic fusion candidate,<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=August 11, 1904 |title=Fuse only on state ticket |url=https://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn83025138/1904-08-11/ed-1/seq-2/ |work=Morning Oregonian |location=Portland, Or. |page=2 |access-date=28 September 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=14 April 1905 |title=Populist Tibbles gives up the fight |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SFC19050414.2.126&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1 |work=San Francisco Call |location=San Francisco |page=11 |access-date=28 September 2021 }}</ref> attorney, Fusion candidate for [[Nebraska's 1st congressional district]] in [[1900 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska|1900]]
*[[John H. Mickey]], Republican, incumbent [[Governor of Nebraska|Governor]]
'''Other candidates'''
*Rev. Clarence F. Swander, Prohibition<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=September 27, 1904 |title=News of Nebraska |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn99021999/1904-09-27/ed-1/seq-3/ |work=Omaha daily bee |location=Omaha, Neb. |page=3 |access-date=28 September 2021 }}</ref>
*Benjamin H. Vail, Socialist
===Results===
{{Election box begin no change| title=1904 Nebraska gubernatorial election<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=265717 |title=NE Governor, 1904 |publisher=Our Campaigns |access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Gubernatorial Elections, 1787-1997 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Congressional Quarterly Inc. |date=1998 |page=64 |isbn=1-56802-396-0 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dubin |first=Michael J. |date=2010 |title=United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYJAIOabIPgC&pg=PA10 |page=27 |location=Jefferson, NC |publisher=McFarland & Co. |isbn=978-0-7864-4722-0 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Glashan |first=Roy R. |title=American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978 |publisher=Meckler Books |location=Westport, CT |year=1979 |pages=186–187 |isbn=0-930466-17-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Kallenbach |editor1-first=Joseph E. |editor2-last=Kallenbach |editor2-first=Jessamine S. |date=1977 |title=American State Governors, 1776-1976 |volume=I |page=360 |location=Dobbs Ferry, N.Y. |publisher=Oceana Publications, Inc. |isbn=0-379-00665-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Sheldon |editor-first=Addison E. |date=December 1918 |title=The Nebraska Blue Book and Historical Register 1918 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015073364112 |publisher=Nebraska Legislative Reference Bureau |location=Lincoln, Nebraska |pages=475–476 }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = [[John H. Mickey]] (incumbent)
|votes = 111,711
|percentage = 49.67%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = People's Party (United States)
|candidate = George W. Berge
|votes = 102,568
|percentage = 45.61%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Prohibition Party
|candidate = Clarence F. Swander
|votes = 5,488
|percentage = 2.44%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Socialist Party of America
|candidate = Benjamin H. Vail
|votes = 5,122
|percentage = 2.28%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate no change|
|party = Scattering
|candidate =
|votes = 6
|percentage = 0.00%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority no change|
| votes = 9,143
| percentage = 4.06%
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout no change|
| votes = 224,895
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|
| winner = Republican Party (United States)
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==See also==
* [[1904 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{1904 United States elections}}
[[Category:Nebraska gubernatorial elections|1904]]
[[Category:1904 United States gubernatorial elections|Nebraska]]
[[Category:1904 Nebraska elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:November 1904 in the United States]]
| 1,272,971,846 |
[{"title": "1904 Nebraska gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1902": "November 8, 1904 \u00b7 1906 \u2192", "Nominee": "John H. Mickey \u00b7 George W. Berge", "Party": "Republican \u00b7 Populist", "Alliance": "Democratic", "Popular vote": "111,711 \u00b7 102,568", "Percentage": "49.67% \u00b7 45.61%", "Governor before election \u00b7 John H. Mickey \u00b7 Republican": "Elected Governor \u00b7 John H. Mickey \u00b7 Republican"}}]
| false |
# 149th New York Infantry Regiment
The 149th New York Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
## Service
The 149th New York Infantry was organized at Syracuse, N.Y., and mustered in September 18, 1862.
## Campaigns
The regiment, under the command of Henry A. Barnum, left Syracuse on September 23, 1862, and within a short time joined General McClellan's army. It was assigned to the Third Brigade, Geary's Division, Twelfth Corps, in which command it fought at Chancellorsville, losing there 15 killed, 68 wounded, and 103 captured or missing.
At Gettysburg the regiment participated in the famous defense of Culp's Hill, made by Greene's Brigade, in which the One Hundred and Forty-ninth, fighting behind breastworks, lost 6 killed, 46 wounded, and 3 missing, but inflicted many times that loss on its assailants.
With the Twelfth Corps, it was transferred to the Army of the Cumberland, and the Onondaga boys fought as bravely in Tennessee as in Virginia or at Gettysburg. At Lookout Mountain, Tenn., they captured five flags while fighting under Hooker in that memorable affair, their casualties amounting to 10 killed and 64 wounded.
Before starting on the Atlanta campaign the Twelfth Corps was designated the Twentieth, its command being given to General Hooker. The regiment started on that campaign with 380 fighting men, of whom 136 were killed or wounded before reaching Atlanta. Lieutenant-Colonel Charles B. Randall, a gallant and skilful officer, was killed at Peach Tree Creek, in which action the regiment sustained its heaviest loss while on that campaign, its casualties there aggregating 17 killed, 25 wounded, and 10 missing.
The regiment after marching with Sherman to the Sea was actively engaged in the Siege of Savannah, and then marched through the Carolinas on the final campaign which ended in the surrender of Johnston.
The regiment mustered out on June 12, 1865, after participating in the Grand Review of the Armies.
## Legacy
6 Medals of Honor were awarded to members of the 149th, including one to Colonel Barnum.
## Total strength and casualties
The regiment lost 4 officers and 129 enlisted men killed in action or mortally wounded and 78 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 211 fatalities. 18.3% of the men who served in the regiment would die during its time of service.
## Commanders
- Colonel Henry A. Barnum
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149th New York Infantry Regiment
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/149th_New_York_Infantry_Regiment
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2025-01-27T04:37:19Z
|
en
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Q4549913
| 20,418 |
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 149th New York Infantry Regiment
|image=Flag_of_New_York_(1778-1901).svg
|image_size=250px
| dates = September 18, 1862, to June 12, 1865
| country = [[United States]]
| allegiance = [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
| branch = [[Infantry]]
| size = 1,155
| equipment = <!-- Culture and history -->
| battles = [[Battle of Chancellorsville]], [[Battle of Gettysburg]], [[third Battle of Chattanooga|Battle of the Lookout Mountain]], [[Battle of Atlanta]]
}}{{Military unit sidebar
| title=New York U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865
| previous=[[148th New York Infantry Regiment]]
| next=[[150th New York Infantry Regiment]]
}}
The '''149th New York Infantry Regiment''' was an [[infantry]] [[regiment]] that served in the [[Union Army]] during the [[American Civil War]].
==Service==
The '''149th New York Infantry''' was organized at [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse, N.Y.]], and mustered in September 18, 1862.
==Campaigns==
The regiment, under the command of [[Henry Alanson Barnum|Henry A. Barnum]], left Syracuse on September 23, 1862, and within a short time joined General McClellan's army. It was assigned to the Third Brigade, Geary's Division, Twelfth Corps, in which command it fought at [[Battle of Chancellorsville|Chancellorsville]], losing there 15 killed, 68 wounded, and 103 captured or missing.
[[Image:149th NYSV Monument.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Gettysburg Monument]]At [[Battle of Gettysburg|Gettysburg]] the regiment participated in the famous defense of [[Culp's Hill]], made by Greene's Brigade, in which the One Hundred and Forty-ninth, fighting behind breastworks, lost 6 killed, 46 wounded, and 3 missing, but inflicted many times that loss on its assailants.
With the Twelfth Corps, it was transferred to the [[Army of the Cumberland]], and the Onondaga boys fought as bravely in Tennessee as in Virginia or at Gettysburg. At [[battle of Lookout Mountain|Lookout Mountain]], Tenn., they captured five flags while fighting under Hooker in that memorable affair, their casualties amounting to 10 killed and 64 wounded.
Before starting on the Atlanta campaign the Twelfth Corps was designated the Twentieth, its command being given to General Hooker. The regiment started on that campaign with 380 fighting men, of whom 136 were killed or wounded before reaching Atlanta. Lieutenant-Colonel Charles B. Randall, a gallant and skilful officer, was killed at [[Battle of Peachtree Creek|Peach Tree Creek]], in which action the regiment sustained its heaviest loss while on that campaign, its casualties there aggregating 17 killed, 25 wounded, and 10 missing.
The regiment after marching with [[William T. Sherman|Sherman]] [[Sherman's March to the Sea|to the Sea]] was actively engaged in the Siege of [[Savannah, GA|Savannah]], and then marched through the [[Carolinas Campaign|Carolinas]] on the final campaign which ended in the surrender of [[Joseph E. Johnston|Johnston]].
The regiment mustered out on June 12, 1865, after participating in the [[Grand Review of the Armies]].
==Legacy==
6 [[Medal of Honor|Medals of Honor]] were awarded to members of the 149th, including one to Colonel Barnum.
==Total strength and casualties==
The regiment lost 4 officers and 129 enlisted men killed in action or mortally wounded and 78 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 211 fatalities.<ref>http://www.civilwararchive.com/Unreghst/unnyinf5.htm The Civil War Archive website after Dyer, Frederick Henry. '''A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion'''. 3 vols. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1959.</ref> 18.3% of the men who served in the regiment would die during its time of service.
==Commanders==
*[[Colonel]] [[Henry Alanson Barnum|Henry A. Barnum]]
==See also==
*[[List of New York Civil War regiments]]
==Notes==
<references/>
==References==
*[http://www.civilwararchive.com/unionny.htm The Civil War Archive]
==External links==
*[http://www.dmna.state.ny.us/historic/reghist/civil/infantry/149thInf/149thInfMain.htm New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center - Civil War - 149th Infantry Regiment] History, photographs, table of battles and casualties, and historical sketch for the 149th New York Infantry Regiment.
[[Category:Units and formations of the Union army from New York (state)|Infantry 149]]
[[Category:1862 establishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1862]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1865]]
| 1,272,102,487 |
[{"title": "149th New York Infantry Regiment", "data": {"Active": "September 18, 1862, to June 12, 1865", "Country": "United States", "Allegiance": "Union", "Branch": "Infantry", "Size": "1,155", "Engagements": "Battle of Chancellorsville, Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of the Lookout Mountain, Battle of Atlanta"}}, {"title": "", "data": {"Previous": "Next", "148th New York Infantry Regiment": "150th New York Infantry Regiment"}}]
| false |
# 14871 Pyramus
14871 Pyramus, provisional designation 1990 TH7, is a dark Zhongguo asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers (6 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 13 October 1990 by German astronomers Lutz Schmadel and Freimut Börngen at the Karl Schwarzschild Observatory in Tautenburg, Germany. The asteroid was named for Pyramus from classical mythology.
## Orbit and classification
Pyramus is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It is a member of the small group of Zhongguo asteroids, located in the 2 : 1 mean motion resonance with the giant planet Jupiter. Contrary to the nearby unstable Griqua group, the orbits of the Zhongguos are stable over half a billion years.
It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.6–4.0 AU once every 6.00 years (2,192 days; semi-major axis of 3.3 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.22 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic. The first precovery was taken at Palomar Observatory in 1954, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 36 years prior to its discovery.
## Physical characteristics
### Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Pyramus measures 9.2 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.069. This is in line with a generic absolute magnitude-to-diameter conversion that gives a diameter of 4 to 9 kilometers for an albedo between 0.05 and 0.25.
### Lightcurves
As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve has been obtained of Pyramus. The asteroid's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.
## Naming
This minor planet was named from Greco-Roman mythology after Pyramus, the lover of Thisbe (see minor planet 88 Thisbe) from which the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet ultimately originated. As narrated in Ovid's Metamorphoses, the two ill-fated lovers committed suicide as their parents were against their marriage. The asteroid's name was proposed by Austrian amateur astronomer Herbert Raab. The citation mentions that the "two lovers are now finally united forever in the asteroid belt". The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 January 2003 (M.P.C. 47301).
|
enwiki/16477295
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enwiki
| 16,477,295 |
14871 Pyramus
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14871_Pyramus
|
2024-07-17T13:52:21Z
|
en
|
Q2622195
| 93,010 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 14871 Pyramus
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" />
| discovered = 13 October 1990
| discoverer = [[Lutz Schmadel|L. D. Schmadel]]<br />[[Freimut Börngen|F. Börngen]]
| discovery_site = [[Karl Schwarzschild Observatory|Karl Schwarzschild Obs.]]
| mpc_name = (14871) Pyramus
| alt_names = {{mp|1990 TH|7}}{{·}}{{mp|1972 TJ|3}}<br />{{mp|1978 TW|4}}
| named_after = [[Pyramus]]<ref name="springer" /><br />{{small|([[Classical mythology]])}}
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]<ref name="MPC-object" />{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|outer]])}}<ref name="jpldata" /><br />{{nowrap|[[Background asteroid|background]]<ref name="AstDys-object" />{{·}}[[Zhongguo asteroid|Zhongguo]]<ref name="Roig-2002" />}}
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 23 March 2018 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458200.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 62.73 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (22,913 d)
| aphelion = 4.0337 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 2.5706 AU
| semimajor = 3.3021 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2215
| period = 6.00 yr (2,192 d)
| mean_anomaly = 266.76[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1643|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 0.9882°
| asc_node = 5.9989°
| arg_peri = 314.20°
| mean_diameter = {{val|9}} km {{small|(estimated at [[astronomical albedo|0.06]])}}<ref name="h" /><br />{{val|9.180|0.302}}<ref name="Masiero-2011" />
| rotation =
| albedo = {{val|0.069|0.020}}<ref name="Masiero-2011" />
| spectral_type =
| abs_magnitude = 13.9<ref name="jpldata" />
}}
'''14871 Pyramus''', provisional designation {{mp|1990 TH|7}}, is a dark Zhongguo [[asteroid]] from the outermost region of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately {{convert|9|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=1|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 13 October 1990 by German astronomers [[Lutz Schmadel]] and [[Freimut Börngen]] at the [[Karl Schwarzschild Observatory]] in Tautenburg, Germany.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named for [[Pyramus]] from classical mythology.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Pyramus'' is a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid from the main belt's [[Background asteroid|background population]]. It is a member of the small group of [[Zhongguo asteroid]]s, located in the 2 : 1 [[orbital resonance|mean motion resonance]] with the giant planet [[Jupiter]]. Contrary to the nearby unstable [[Griqua group]], the orbits of the Zhongguos are stable over half a billion years.<ref name="AstDys-object" /><ref name="Roig-2002" /><ref name="Roig-2002-erratum" />
It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|outer]] main-belt at a distance of 2.6–4.0 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 6.00 years (2,192 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 3.3 AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.22 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 1[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The first [[precovery]] was taken at [[Palomar Observatory]] in 1954, extending the asteroid's [[observation arc]] by 36 years prior to its discovery.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Physical characteristics ==
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the survey carried out by NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] with its subsequent [[NEOWISE]] mission, ''Pyramus'' measures 9.2 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.069.<ref name="Masiero-2011" /> This is in line with a generic [[absolute magnitude]]-to-diameter conversion that gives a diameter of 4 to 9 kilometers for an albedo between 0.05 and 0.25.<ref name="h" />
=== Lightcurves ===
As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve has been obtained of ''Pyramus''. The asteroid's [[rotation period]], [[Poles of astronomical bodies|pole]] and shape remain unknown.<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This [[minor planet]] was named from [[Greco-Roman mythology]] after [[Pyramus]], the lover of Thisbe ''(see minor planet [[88 Thisbe]])'' from which the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet ultimately originated. As narrated in Ovid's ''Metamorphoses'', the two ill-fated lovers committed suicide as their parents were against their marriage. The asteroid's name was proposed by Austrian amateur astronomer [[Herbert Raab]]. The citation mentions that the "two lovers are now finally united forever in the asteroid belt".<ref name="springer" /> The approved naming citation was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 6 January 2003 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 47301}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2017-03-27 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 14871 Pyramus (1990 TH7)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2014871
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date = 26 June 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (14871) Pyramus, Addendum to Fifth Edition: 2003–2005
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|pages = 88–89
|date = 2006
|isbn = 978-3-540-34360-8
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-34361-5_897 |chapter = (14871) Pyramus [3.29, 0.23, 1.0] }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 14871 Pyramus (1990 TH7)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=14871
|access-date = 6 April 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|access-date = 20 May 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid 14871 Pyramus – Proper Elements
|publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site
|url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=14871
|access-date= 29 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Roig-2002">{{cite journal
|first1 = F. |last1 = Roig
|first2 = D. |last2 = Nesvorný
|first3 = S. |last3 = Ferraz-Mello
|date = September 2002
|title = Asteroids in the 2 : 1 resonance with Jupiter: dynamics and size distribution [ Erratum: 2002MNRAS.336.1391R ]
|journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
|volume = 335
|issue = 2
|pages = 417–431
|bibcode = 2002MNRAS.335..417R
|doi = 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05635.x
|doi-access = free
}}</ref>
<ref name="Roig-2002-erratum">{{cite journal
|first1 = F. |last1 = Roig
|first2 = D. |last2 = Nesvorný
|first3 = S. |last3 = Ferraz-Mello
|date = November 2002
|title = Erratum: Asteroids in the 2 : 1 resonance with Jupiter: dynamics and size distribution
|journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
|volume = 336
|issue = 4
|pages = 1391–1392
|bibcode = 2002MNRAS.336.1391R
|doi = 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.06105.x
|doi-access= free
}}</ref>
<ref name="h">{{cite web
|title = Absolute Magnitude (H)
|publisher = NASA/JPL
|url = http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/h.html
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010302182040/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/h.html
|archive-date = 2 March 2001
|access-date= 6 April 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey
|first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt
|first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan
|first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr
|first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie
|first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen
|first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker
|first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright
|first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun
|first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury
|first16 = T. IV |last16 = Gautier
|first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion
|first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins
|date = November 2011
|title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 20
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68
|arxiv = 1109.4096
|access-date= 3 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (14871) Pyramus
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=14871%7CPyramus
|access-date = 26 June 2017}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* [https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.0&n=14871 (14871) Pyramus at AstDyS], University of Pisa
* [http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?db_key=AST&bibcode=2002MNRAS.336.1391R&letter=.&classic=YES&defaultprint=YES&whole_paper=YES&page=1391&epage=1391&send=Send+PDF&filetype=.pdf Erratum: Asteroids in the 2 : 1 resonance with Jupiter: dynamics and size distribution]
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs010001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (10001)-(15000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|14871}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |(14870) 1990 SM14 |number=14871 |14872 Hoher List}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pyramus}}
[[Category:Zhongguo asteroids|014871]]
[[Category:Background asteroids|014871]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Lutz D. Schmadel]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Freimut Börngen]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1990|19901013]]
[[Category:Pyramus and Thisbe]]
| 1,235,057,770 |
[{"title": "14871 Pyramus", "data": {"Discovered by": "L. D. Schmadel \u00b7 F. B\u00f6rngen", "Discovery site": "Karl Schwarzschild Obs.", "Discovery date": "13 October 1990"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"MPC designation": "(14871) Pyramus", "Named after": "Pyramus \u00b7 (Classical mythology)", "Alternative designations": "1990 TH7 \u00b7 1972 TJ3 \u00b7 1978 TW4", "Minor planet category": "main-belt \u00b7 (outer) \u00b7 background \u00b7 Zhongguo"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Orbital characteristics": ["Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)", "Uncertainty parameter 0"], "Observation arc": "62.73 yr (22,913 d)", "Aphelion": "4.0337 AU", "Perihelion": "2.5706 AU", "Semi-major axis": "3.3021 AU", "Eccentricity": "0.2215", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "6.00 yr (2,192 d)", "Mean anomaly": "266.76\u00b0", "Mean motion": "0\u00b0 9m 51.48s / day", "Inclination": "0.9882\u00b0", "Longitude of ascending node": "5.9989\u00b0", "Argument of perihelion": "314.20\u00b0"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Mean diameter": "9 km (estimated at 0.06) \u00b7 9.180\u00b10.302", "Geometric albedo": "0.069\u00b10.020", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "13.9"}}]
| false |
# 1878 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
The 1878 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was held on April 3, 1878. Incumbent Republican Charles C. Van Zandt defeated Democratic nominee Isaac Lawrence with 58.12% of the vote.
## General election
### Candidates
Major party candidates
- Charles C. Van Zandt, Republican
- Isaac Lawrence, Democratic
Other candidates
- William Foster Jr., Greenback
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------- | -------------------------------- | ------ | ------ | -- |
| | Republican | Charles C. Van Zandt (incumbent) | 11,454 | 58.12% | |
| | Democratic | Isaac Lawrence | 7,639 | 38.76% | |
| | Greenback | William Foster Jr. | 590 | 2.99% | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 3,815 | | |
| Turnout | | | | | |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Swing | | |
|
enwiki/65761382
|
enwiki
| 65,761,382 |
1878 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_Rhode_Island_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-23T05:40:11Z
|
en
|
Q104868262
| 130,150 |
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1878 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
| country = Rhode Island
| flag_year = 1877
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1877 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1877
| next_election = 1879 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1879
| election_date = April 3, 1878
| image1 = [[File:CharlesVanZandt.jpg|x150px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[Charles C. Van Zandt]]'''
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''11,454'''
| percentage1 = '''58.12%'''
| image2 = [[File:No image.svg|x120px]]
| nominee2 = Isaac Lawrence
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 7,639
| percentage2 = 38.76%
| map_image = 1878 Rhode Island gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 225px
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Zandt''': {{legend0|#E27F7F|50–60%}} {{legend0|#D75D5D|60–70%}}
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Charles C. Van Zandt]]
| before_party = Republican Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Charles C. Van Zandt]]
| after_party = Republican Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsRI}}
The '''1878 Rhode Island gubernatorial election''' was held on April 3, 1878. Incumbent [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Charles C. Van Zandt]] defeated [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee Isaac Lawrence with 58.12% of the vote.
==General election==
===Candidates===
'''Major party candidates'''
*Charles C. Van Zandt, Republican
*Isaac Lawrence, Democratic
'''Other candidates'''
*William Foster Jr., Greenback
===Results===
{{Election box begin | title=1878 Rhode Island gubernatorial election<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKERAQAAMAAJ |title=Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. elections |isbn=9780871879967 |access-date=November 2, 2020|last=Moore |first=John Leo |year=1994 |publisher=CQ Press }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Charles C. Van Zandt]] (incumbent)
| votes = 11,454
| percentage = 58.12%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Isaac Lawrence
| votes = 7,639
| percentage = 38.76%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Greenback Party
| candidate = William Foster Jr.
| votes = 590
| percentage = 2.99%
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 3,815
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes =
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Republican Party (United States)
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Rhode Island gubernatorial elections|1878]]
[[Category:1878 United States gubernatorial elections|Rhode Island]]
[[Category:1878 Rhode Island elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:April 1878]]
| 1,271,252,002 |
[{"title": "1878 Rhode Island gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1877": "April 3, 1878 \u00b7 1879 \u2192", "Nominee": "Charles C. Van Zandt \u00b7 Isaac Lawrence", "Party": "Republican \u00b7 Democratic", "Popular vote": "11,454 \u00b7 7,639", "Percentage": "58.12% \u00b7 38.76%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Charles C. Van Zandt \u00b7 Republican": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Charles C. Van Zandt \u00b7 Republican"}}]
| false |
# 1831 Massachusetts legislature
The 52nd Massachusetts General Court, consisting of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives, met in 1831 during the governorship of Levi Lincoln Jr. Leverett Saltonstall served as president of the Senate and William B. Calhoun served as speaker of the House.
Notable legislation included "a law to transfer state elections to the fall so as to coincide with national elections."
## Senators
- Samuel C. Allen[1]
- John Bailey
- George Blake
- Ebenezer Bradbury
- Nathan Brooks
- Russell Brown
- Nathan C. Brownell
- Rufus Bullock
- Barker Burnell
- Chauncey Clarke
- Robert Cross
- Joseph Cummings
- Wilbur Curtis
- Ebenezer Daggett
- John Doane
- James Draper
- John Endicott
- Alexander H. Everett
- Otis Everett
- Enos Foote
- Samuel French
- William S. Hastings
- Elihu Hoyt
- William Johnson Jr.
- John W. Lincoln
- Solomon Lincoln Jr.
- James C. Merrill
- Stephen C. Phillips
- Benjamin T. Pickman
- Daniel Richardson
- Leverett Saltonstall
- Asahel Stearns
- William Thorndike
- Charles Train
- Samuel A. Turner
- Christopher Webb
- Charles Wells
- David Wilder
- Francis Winship
- John Wyles
|
enwiki/64358014
|
enwiki
| 64,358,014 |
1831 Massachusetts legislature
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1831_Massachusetts_legislature
|
2025-02-18T08:02:51Z
|
en
|
Q97355652
| 149,450 |
{{short description|American state legislature}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox legislative term
| name = 52nd<br>Massachusetts General Court
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| body = [[Massachusetts General Court|General Court]]
| meeting_place =
| election =
| government =
| opposition =
| term_start = {{Start date|1831|05}}
| term_end = {{End date|1832|01}}<ref name=Register />
| before = [[51st Massachusetts General Court (1830-1831)|51st]]
| after = [[53rd Massachusetts General Court (1832)|53rd]]
| website =
| chamber1 = [[Massachusetts Senate|Senate]]
| chamber1_image =
| chamber1_image_size =
| chamber1_alt =
| membership1 = 40 <ref name=CompSenate>{{citation |title= Composition of the Massachusetts State Senate |publisher=Mass.gov |archive-date= June 6, 2020 |work=Resources on Massachusetts Political Figures in the State Library |url= https://www.mass.gov/service-details/resources-on-massachusetts-political-figures-in-the-state-library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606063917/https://www.mass.gov/doc/composition-of-the-massachusetts-state-senate-0/download }}</ref>
| control1 =
| chamber1_leader1_type = [[President of the Massachusetts Senate|President]]
| chamber1_leader1 = [[Leverett Saltonstall I|Leverett Saltonstall]]
| chamber1_leader2_type =
| chamber1_leader2 =
| chamber1_leader3_type =
| chamber1_leader3 =
| chamber1_leader4_type =
| chamber1_leader4 =
| chamber2 = [[Massachusetts House of Representatives|House]]
| chamber2_image =
| chamber2_image_size =
| chamber2_alt =
| membership2 =
| control2 =
| chamber2_leader1_type = [[List of Speakers of the Massachusetts House of Representatives|Speaker]]
| chamber2_leader1 = [[William B. Calhoun]]
| chamber2_leader2_type =
| chamber2_leader2 =
| chamber2_leader3_type =
| chamber2_leader3 =
| chamber2_leader4_type =
| chamber2_leader4 =
| session1_start = {{Start date|1831|05|25}}
| session1_end = {{End date|1831|06|23}} <ref>{{citation |title=1843 Senate Bill 0062. Statement of the Duration of Each Session of the Legislature Since May, 1823 |hdl= 2452/739202 |publisher=Commonwealth of Massachusetts |year=1843 }}</ref>
}}
{{multiple image
| align = right
| total_width = 308
| image1 = Leverett Saltonstall 1783-1845 - Chester Harding.jpg
| alt1 = Leverett Saltonstall I
| caption1 = Leverett Saltonstall I, Senate president.
| image2 = William Barron Calhoun.png
| alt2 = William B. Calhoun
| caption2 = William Calhoun, House speaker.
| footer = Leaders of the Massachusetts General Court, 1831.
}}
The '''52nd Massachusetts General Court''', consisting of the [[Massachusetts Senate]] and the [[Massachusetts House of Representatives]], met in 1831 during the [[Governor of Massachusetts|governorship]] of [[Levi Lincoln Jr.]] [[Leverett Saltonstall I|Leverett Saltonstall]] served as [[President of the Massachusetts Senate|president]] of the Senate and [[William B. Calhoun]] served as [[List of Speakers of the Massachusetts House of Representatives|speaker]] of the House.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url= https://archive.org/details/manualforuseofge00mass2/page/340/mode/2up |year= 2009 |location=Boston |publisher=Commonwealth of Massachusetts |title= Manual for the Use of the General Court |chapter=Organization of the Legislature Since 1780 |page=340+ }}</ref>
Notable legislation included "a law to transfer [[List of elections in Massachusetts|state elections]] to the [[Autumn|fall]] so as to coincide with [[Election Day (United States)|national elections]]."<ref name=Darling1925>{{cite book|author=Arthur Darling |title=Political Changes in Massachusetts, 1824–1848|url=https://archive.org/details/politicalchanges00darl|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1925|location=New Haven, Connecticut|oclc=1593840}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=1831 Chap. 0066. An Act In Addition To ' An Act For Regulating Elections.' |hdl=2452/111822 |work=Massachusetts Acts and Resolves |quote=June 23, 1831}}</ref>
==Senators==
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|style=width: 600px;|
* [[Samuel C. Allen]]<ref name=Register>{{cite book |chapter= Civil Government of Massachusetts |chapter-url= https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.hx6bqj?urlappend=%3Bseq=242 |title= Massachusetts Register and United States Calendar for 1832 | hdl=2027/hvd.hx6bqj?urlappend=%3Bseq=242 |via=[[HathiTrust]] |quote= Commencing May, 1831, and ending January, 1832 }}</ref>
* John Bailey
* George Blake
* [[Ebenezer Bradbury]]
* Nathan Brooks
* Russell Brown
* Nathan C. Brownell
* Rufus Bullock
* [[Barker Burnell]]
* Chauncey Clarke
* Robert Cross
* Joseph Cummings
* Wilbur Curtis
* Ebenezer Daggett
* John Doane
* James Draper
* John Endicott
* [[Alexander H. Everett]]
* Otis Everett
* Enos Foote
* Samuel French
* [[William S. Hastings]]
* Elihu Hoyt
* William Johnson Jr.
* John W. Lincoln
* Solomon Lincoln Jr.
* James C. Merrill
* [[Stephen C. Phillips]]
* [[Benjamin T. Pickman]]
* Daniel Richardson
* [[Leverett Saltonstall I|Leverett Saltonstall]]
* [[Asahel Stearns]]
* [[William Thorndike]]
* Charles Train
* Samuel A. Turner
* Christopher Webb
* Charles Wells
* David Wilder
* Francis Winship
* John Wyles
}}
==Representatives==
{{expand section|date=June 2020}}
==See also==
* [[22nd United States Congress]]
* [[List of Massachusetts General Courts]]
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
* {{citation |hdl=2452/785539|title= Bills (Legislative Documents) and Journals: 1831 |author= Massachusetts General Court }}
* {{citation |hdl = 2452/103876 |title = Massachusetts Acts and Resolves: 1831 }}
{{MA General Courts}}
{{MassGenCourtDistricts}}
{{Massachusetts government}}
[[Category:Political history of Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Massachusetts legislative sessions]]
[[Category:1831 U.S. legislative sessions|massachusetts]]
[[Category:1831 in Massachusetts]]
{{Massachusetts-gov-stub}}
| 1,276,340,315 |
[{"title": "52nd \u00b7 Massachusetts General Court", "data": {"\u2190": "51st \u00b7 53rd \u00b7 \u2192"}}, {"title": "Overview", "data": {"Legislative body": "General Court", "Term": "May 1831 \u2013 January 1832"}}, {"title": "Senate", "data": {"Members": "40", "President": "Leverett Saltonstall"}}, {"title": "House", "data": {"Speaker": "William B. Calhoun"}}, {"title": "Sessions", "data": {"1st": "May 25, 1831 \u2013 June 23, 1831"}}]
| false |
# 15th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
The 15th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion (15th AAA Bn) was an antiaircraft unit in the United States Marine Corps that served during World War II. The battalion was originally formed in 1942 as the 1st Airdrome Battalion. Its original mission was to provide air defense for advanced naval bases. During the war the battalion took part in combat operations in the Marshall. The battalion was one of the first defense battalions to be decommissioned on November 25, 1944.
## History
### Organization
1st Airdrome Battalion Table of Organization:
- Headquarters and Service Battery
- Light tank platoon
- 90mm Gun Group
- 3 x 90mm Gun batteries
- Searchlight Batteries
- 2 x batteries each w/ six lights
- Special Weapons Group
- 40mm Battery (w/ 12 guns)
- 2 x machine gun platoons
- 12 x .50cal water-cooled antiaircraft guns
- 12 x .30cal water-cooled antiaircraft guns
The 1st Airdrome Battalion was commissioned on October 1, 1942 at Marine Corps Air Station New River, North Carolina. It was one of two airdrome battalions formed by the Marine Corps specifically to defend airfields in the China Burma India Theater. Those airfields were overrun by the Japanese before the battalions deployed so the Marine Corps quickly changed their tasking to missions in the Pacific Theater. The battalion arrived at Pearl Harbor on September 18, 1943 and based out of Camp Catlin and Camp Beaumont near Nānākuli. From October 1943 through January 1944 the battalion trained on Oahu. During this period the battalion was re-designated as the 15th Defense Battalion on October 10, 1943 {Auth Letter from Commanding General MarFor, Serial No. 43108, dated 20Oct43} No other Marine Corps unit has carried the battalion's lineage and honors since it was decommissioned.
### Roi-Namur
On January 15, 1944 the battalion began loading LSTs-476, 477, and 479. It was assigned as part of the Northern Landing Force for the upcoming attack on Kwajalein Atoll and departed on January 22. The 15th came ashore on Roi-Namur on February 2, 1944. The battalions antiaircraft assets were in place prior to the island being secured. Many of the units guns were emplaced in craters leftover from the American shelling and bombing of the airfield. Marines from the 15th Defense Battalion and the Seacoast Artillery Group also formed an ad hoc "Burial Unit" in order to bury the scores of enemy dead on the small island. As the garrison force for Roi-Namur, the battalions motor transport assets were critical to clean up efforts and new construction projects. The battalion's antiaircraft guns went into action against the first Japanese air raid against Roi-Namur on February 12, 1944. Through the creative use of window, which fooled the 15th's radars, Japanese seaplanes from Ponape got through unscathed and bombed the island setting off one of the ammo dumps in the process. It turned out to be the most destructive Japanese air raid against the United States since the attacks on Pearl Harbor. 26 Marines were killed, 130 wounded and 80% of the islands supplies and 20% of the construction equipment were destroyed. During the seizure of Roi-Namur the 15th Defense Battalion had five Marines killed in action and forty wounded in action.
### Return to Hawaii and decommissioning
On April 19, 1944 the battalion was re-designated as the 15th Antiaircraft Battalion. Just under a month later, on May 7, their designator was changed for the final time to the 15th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion. On October 18 the 52nd Defense Battalion arrived at Roi-Namur to replace the 15th. The relief in place was complete by October 22. The battalion loaded onto the USS Winged Arrow (AP-170) and departed Roi-namur bound for Hawaii. It arrived in Hawaii on November 8, 1944. The 15th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion was decommissioned just over two weeks later on November 25, 1944.
## Unit awards
A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. The 15th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion has been presented with the following awards:
| Streamer | Award | Year(s) | Additional Info |
| -------- | --------------------------------- | --------- | --------------- |
| | Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Streamer | 1944 | Kwajalein |
| | World War II Victory Streamer | 1941–1945 | Pacific War |
|
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Q96359662
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{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 15th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion
|image=
|caption=
|dates=
*1 Oct 1942{{sfn|Rottman|2002|pp=216}} – 25 Nov 1944{{sfn |Rottman|2002|pp=217}}
|country={{flag|United States of America}}
|allegiance=
|branch={{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps.svg}} [[United States Marine Corps]]
|type= Air Defense/Coastal Defense
|role=
|size= ~1100 men
|command_structure=
|current_commander=N/A
|ceremonial_chief=
|colonel_of_the_regiment=
|nickname= First:Fifteenh {{sfn|Melson|1996|pp=32}}
|patron=
|motto=
|colors=
|march=
|mascot=
|battles= '''[[World War II]]'''
*[[Battle of Kwajalein|Battle of Roi-Namur]]
|notable_commanders= [[Francis B. Loomis Jr.]]
|anniversaries=
}}
The '''15th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion''' (15th AAA Bn) was an [[Anti-aircraft warfare|antiaircraft]] unit in the [[United States Marine Corps]] that served during [[World War II]]. The battalion was originally formed in 1942 as the '''1st Airdrome Battalion'''. Its original mission was to provide air defense for advanced naval bases. During the war the battalion took part in combat operations in the [[Marshall Islands|Marshall]]. The battalion was one of the first defense battalions to be decommissioned on November 25, 1944.
==History==
===Organization===
{{Quote box
|align=right
|salign=right
|width=30%
|quote='''<u>1st Airdrome Battalion Table of Organization:</u>'''{{sfn|Rottman|2002|pp=215}}
*'''Headquarters and Service Battery'''
**[[M3 Stuart|Light tank]] platoon
*'''90mm Gun Group'''
**3 x [[90 mm gun M1/M2/M3|90mm Gun]] batteries
*'''[[Searchlight]] Batteries'''
**2 x batteries each w/ six lights
*'''Special Weapons Group'''
**[[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|40mm Battery]] (w/ 12 guns)
**2 x machine gun platoons
***12 x [[.50 BMG|.50cal water-cooled antiaircraft guns]]
***12 x [[M1919 Browning machine gun|.30cal water-cooled antiaircraft guns]]}}
[[File:LST-476 and LST-479 land vehicles and supplies at Roi Island, circa in early February 1944 (80-G-54417).jpg|300px|thumb|right|LSTs 476 & 479 unloading 15th Defense Battalion equipment on [[Roi-Namur]] in February 1944.]]
The 1st Airdrome Battalion was commissioned on October 1, 1942 at [[Marine Corps Air Station New River]], [[North Carolina]]. It was one of two airdrome battalions formed by the Marine Corps specifically to defend airfields in the [[China Burma India Theater]]. Those airfields were overrun by the Japanese before the battalions deployed so the Marine Corps quickly changed their tasking to missions in the [[Asiatic-Pacific Theater|Pacific Theater]].{{sfn|Rottman|2002|pp=215}} The battalion arrived at [[Pearl Harbor]] on September 18, 1943 and based out of [[Camp Catlin]] and [[Camp Beaumont]] near [[Nānākuli, Hawaii|Nānākuli]]. From October 1943 through January 1944 the battalion trained on [[Oahu]]. During this period the battalion was re-designated as the '''15th Defense Battalion''' on October 10, 1943 {Auth Letter from Commanding General MarFor, Serial No. 43108, dated 20Oct43} No other Marine Corps unit has carried the battalion's lineage and honors since it was decommissioned.
===Roi-Namur===
On January 15, 1944 the battalion began loading [[USS LST-476|LSTs-476]], [[USS LST-477|477]], and [[USS LST-479|479]]. It was assigned as part of the Northern Landing Force for the upcoming attack on [[Kwajalein Atoll]] and departed on January 22.{{sfn|Heinl|Crown|1954|pp=19-20}} The 15th came ashore on [[Roi-Namur]] on February 2, 1944. The battalions antiaircraft assets were in place prior to the island being secured.{{sfn|Heinl|Crown|1954|pp=109}} Many of the units guns were emplaced in craters leftover from the American shelling and bombing of the airfield.{{sfn|Melson|1996|pp=21}} Marines from the 15th Defense Battalion and the Seacoast Artillery Group also formed an ad hoc "Burial Unit" in order to bury the scores of enemy dead on the small island.{{sfn|Heinl|Crown|1954|pp=108}} As the garrison force for Roi-Namur, the battalions motor transport assets were critical to clean up efforts and new construction projects.{{sfn|Heinl|Crown|1954|pp=109}}{{sfn|Rottman|2004|pp=67}} The battalion's antiaircraft guns went into action against the first Japanese air raid against Roi-Namur on February 12, 1944. Through the creative use of [[Chaff (countermeasure)|window]], which fooled the 15th's radars, Japanese seaplanes from [[Pohnpei|Ponape]] got through unscathed and bombed the island setting off one of the ammo dumps in the process.{{sfn|Heinl|Crown|1954|pp=109}} It turned out to be the most destructive Japanese air raid against the United States since the [[attacks on Pearl Harbor]]. 26 Marines were killed, 130 wounded and 80% of the islands supplies and 20% of the construction equipment were destroyed.{{sfn|Sherrod|1952|pp=231}} During the seizure of Roi-Namur the 15th Defense Battalion had five Marines [[killed in action]] and forty [[wounded in action]].{{sfn|Heinl|Crown|1954|pp=170}}
===Return to Hawaii and decommissioning===
On April 19, 1944 the battalion was re-designated as the '''15th Antiaircraft Battalion'''. Just under a month later, on May 7, their designator was changed for the final time to the '''15th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion'''.{{sfn|Rottman|2002|pp=217}}{{sfn|Melson|1996|pp=32}} On October 18 the [[52nd Defense Battalion]] arrived at Roi-Namur to replace the 15th.{{sfn|Nalty|1995|pp=18}} The relief in place was complete by October 22. The battalion loaded onto the [[USS Winged Arrow (AP-170)]] and departed Roi-namur bound for Hawaii. It arrived in Hawaii on November 8, 1944. The 15th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion was decommissioned just over two weeks later on November 25, 1944.
== Unit awards ==
A unit citation or commendation is an award bestowed upon an organization for the action cited. Members of the unit who participated in said actions are allowed to wear on their uniforms the awarded unit citation. The 15th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion has been presented with the following awards:{{sfn|Updegraph|1972|pp=98}}
{|class=wikitable
! Streamer
! Award
! Year(s)
! Additional Info
|-
||[[File:Streamer APC.PNG|200px]]
||[[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal|Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Streamer]]
||1944
||[[Battle of Kwajalein|Kwajalein]]
|-
||[[File:Streamer WWII V.PNG|200px]]
||[[World War II Victory Medal (United States)|World War II Victory Streamer]]
||1941–1945
||[[Pacific War]]
|}
==See also==
*[[Marine Defense Battalions]]
*[[List of United States Marine Corps aviation support units]]
==References==
'''Citations'''
{{Reflist}}
'''Bibliography'''
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book
|title=U.S. Marine Corps World War II Order of Battle: Ground and Air Units in the Pacific War, 1939–1945
|last=Rottman
|first=Gordon L.
|year=2002
|publisher=Greenwood Press
|isbn=0-313-31906-5}}
*{{cite book
|title=US Marine Corps Pacific Theater of Operations 1943-44
|last=Rottman
|first=Gordon L.
|year=2004
|publisher=Osprey Press
|isbn=1-84176-651-8}}
*{{cite book |last=Sherrod |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Sherrod |date=1952 |title= History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II|url= |location= Washington, D.C.|publisher=Combat Forces Press |page= |isbn=0-89201-048-7}}
'''Web'''
*{{cite book |last1=Heinl |first1=Robert D. |last2=Crown |first2=John A. |author-link= |date=1954 |title=The Marshalls: Increasing the Tempo |url= https://www.usmcu.edu/Portals/218/TheMarshallsIncreasingTheTempo.pdf|location=Washington D.C. |publisher=United States Marine Corps Historical Branch |page= |isbn=}}
*{{cite book
| last = Melson
| first = Charles D.
| title = Condition Red: Marine Defense Battalions in World War II
| series = Marines in World War II Commemorative Series
| publisher = Marine Corps Historical Center
| location = Washington, D.C.
| year = 1996
| url = https://www.marines.mil/Portals/1/Publications/Condition%20Red%20Marine%20Defense%20Battalions%20in%20World%20War%20II%20%20PCN%2019000313300_2.pdf
| oclc = 34920984
| lccn = 96174419
| accessdate = 2020-05-25
}} Part 2
*{{cite book
| last = Nalty
| first = Bernard C.
| title = The Right to Fight: African American Marines in World War II
| series =
| publisher = Marine Corps Historical Center
| location = Washington, D.C.
| year = 1995
| url = https://www.marines.mil/Portals/1/Publications/The%20Right%20to%20Fight%20African-American%20Marines%20in%20World%20War%20II%20PCN%2019000313200_1.pdf
| oclc =
| lccn =
| accessdate = 2020-05-31
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Updegraph
| first = George
| title = Special Marine Corps Units of World War II
| series =
| publisher = Marine Corps Historical Center
| location = Washington, D.C.
| year = 1972
| url = https://www.marines.mil/Portals/1/Publications/Special%20Marine%20Corps%20Units%20of%20World%20War%20II%20%20PCN%2019000413200.pdf
| oclc =
| lccn =
| accessdate = 2020-05-25
}}
{{Refend}}
{{US Marine Corps navbox}}
[[Category:Artillery battalions of the U.S. Marine Corps in World War II|AAA15]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1942]]
[[Category:Inactive units of the United States Marine Corps|AAA]]
[[Category:Air defense units and formations of the United States Marine Corps|15]]
| 1,216,397,009 |
[{"title": "15th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion", "data": {"Active": "- 1 Oct 1942 \u2013 25 Nov 1944", "Country": "United States of America", "Branch": "United States Marine Corps", "Type": "Air Defense/Coastal Defense", "Size": "~1100 men", "Nickname(s)": "First:Fifteenh", "Engagements": "World War II - Battle of Roi-Namur"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Current \u00b7 commander": "N/A", "Notable \u00b7 commanders": "Francis B. Loomis Jr."}}]
| false |
# 1526 in India
Events from the year 1526 in India.
## Incumbents
- Mughal emperor: Babur
## Events
- 21 April – The First Battle of Panipat is fought. Babur becomes Mughal emperor, invades northern India and captures Delhi, beginning the Mughal Empire, which lasts until 1757.[1]
- Date unknown – The Siege of Sambhal occurs.
- Date unclear – The Siege of Calicut.[2]
- Henrique de Meneses ends his governance of Portuguese India
- Lopo Vaz de Sampaio begins his governance of Portuguese India (which ends in 1529)
- Bahadur Shah of Gujarat first reign as sultan of Gujarat Sultanate begins (ends 1535)[3]
## Deaths
- 21 April – Ibrahim Lodi, sultan of Delhi (birth date unknown)
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1526_in_India
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2024-05-15T09:31:35Z
|
en
|
Q4550292
| 119,209 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{year in India|1526}}
Events from the year '''1526 in India'''.
==Incumbents==
*[[Mughal emperor]]: [[Babur]]
==Events==
* 21 April – The [[First Battle of Panipat]] is fought. [[Babur]] becomes Mughal emperor, invades northern India and captures [[Delhi]], beginning the [[Mughal Empire]], which lasts until [[1757]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Battle of Panipat (1526) {{!}} Panipat, Haryana {{!}} India |url=https://panipat.gov.in/first-battle/ |access-date=2023-01-29 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Date unknown – The [[Siege of Sambhal]] occurs.
* Date unclear – The [[Siege of Calicut (1526)|Siege of Calicut]].<ref name="Mathew">{{Cite book |last=Mathew |first=K. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kl3IR3RJTIEC&pg=PA165 |title=History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497-1600 |date=1988 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-046-8 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Henrique de Meneses]] ends his governance of [[Portuguese India]]
* [[Lopo Vaz de Sampaio]] begins his governance of [[Portuguese India]] (which ends in [[1529 in India|1529]])
* [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat]] first reign as sultan of [[Gujarat|Gujarat Sultanate]] begins (ends [[1535 in India|1535]])<ref name="ref85cahal">{{Citation |author=Farhat Hasan |title=State and locality in Mughal India: power relations in western India, c. 1572-1730Volume 61 of University of Cambridge oriental publications |date=2004-11-11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4TbxNT70UPEC |publisher=Cambridge University Press, 2004 |isbn=978-0-521-84119-1 |quote=''... Bahadur Shah was the son of Muzaffar Shah (1511-26), an important ruler of the Gujarat Sultanate ... In 1526, when Bahadur Shah formally ascended the throne of Gujarat ...''}}</ref>
==Births==
{{Empty section|date=May 2010}}
==Deaths==
* 21 April – [[Ibrahim Lodi]], [[Delhi Sultanate|sultan of Delhi]] (birth date unknown)
==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Timeline of Indian history]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{India year nav}}
{{Year in Asia|1526}}
[[Category:1526 in India| ]]
[[Category:16th century in India]]
[[Category:1526 in Asia]]
[[Category:1520s in India]]
[[Category:1526 by country]]
{{India-year-stub}}
| 1,223,946,018 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1525 - 1524 - 1523": "1526 \u00b7 in \u00b7 India \u00b7 \u2192 - 1527 - 1528 - 1529", "Centuries": "15th 16th 17th 18th", "Decades": "1500s 1510s 1520s 1530s 1540s", "See also": "List of years in India \u00b7 Timeline of Indian history"}}]
| false |
# 1878 Perthshire by-election
The 1878 Perthshire by-election was fought on 2 February 1878. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Sir William Stirling-Maxwell. It was won by the Conservative candidate Henry Home-Drummond-Moray.
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| ------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------------- | ----- | ---- | ---- |
| | Conservative | Henry Home-Drummond-Moray | 2,439 | 52.0 | −3.4 |
| | Liberal | Algernon Greville-Nugent | 2,255 | 48.0 | +3.4 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 184 | 4.0 | −6.8 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 4,694 | 83.6 | −0.2 |
| Registered electors | Registered electors | Registered electors | 5,613 | | |
| | Conservative hold | Conservative hold | Swing | -3.4 | |
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1878_Perthshire_by-election
|
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|
en
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Q16908925
| 98,982 |
{{Short description|UK Parliamentary by-election}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2019}}
The '''1878 [[Perthshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Perthshire]] by-election''' was fought on 2 February 1878. The by-election was fought due to the death of the incumbent [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] MP, [[Sir William Stirling-Maxwell]]. It was won by the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] candidate [[Henry Home-Drummond-Moray]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leighrayment.com/commons.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607022521/http://www.leighrayment.com/commons.htm|archive-date=7 June 2008|title=Leigh Rayment - Commons|url-status=dead|website=leighrayment.com}}</ref>
{{Election box begin| title=1878 Perthshire by-election<ref name="craig1832">F. W. S. Craig, ''British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885'' (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Henry Home-Drummond-Moray]]
|votes = 2,439
|percentage = 52.0
|change = -3.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = [[Algernon Greville, 2nd Baron Greville|Algernon Greville-Nugent]]<ref>{{cite news|title=The Perthshire Election|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000453/18780126/054/0004|access-date=15 January 2018|work=[[Evening Telegraph (Dundee)|Dundee Evening Telegraph]]|date=26 January 1878|page=4|via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
|votes = 2,255
|percentage = 48.0
|change = +3.4
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 184
|percentage = 4.0
|change = -6.8
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 4,694
|percentage = 83.6
|change = -0.2
}}
{{Election box registered electors|
|reg. electors = 5,613
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = -3.4
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{By-elections to the 21st UK Parliament}}
{{Westminster by-elections in Scotland 1868–1899}}
[[Category:1878 in Scotland|Perthshire by-election]]
[[Category:1870s elections in Scotland]]
[[Category:Politics of Perth and Kinross]]
[[Category:1878 elections in the United Kingdom|Perthshire by-election]]
[[Category:By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Scottish constituencies]]
{{Scotland-UK-Parl-by-election-stub}}
| 1,261,271,051 |
[]
| false |
# 1849 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
The 1849 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on March 13, 1849.
Incumbent Democratic Governor Jared W. Williams did not stand for re-election.
Democratic nominee Samuel Dinsmoor Jr. defeated Whig nominee Levi Chamberlain and Free Soil nominee Nathaniel S. Berry with 53.73% of the vote.
## General election
### Candidates
- Nathaniel S. Berry, Free Soil, judge of the Grafton County Court of Common Pleas, Free Soil nominee for Governor in 1846, 1847 and 1848
- Levi Chamberlain, Whig, lawyer, former State Senator[1]
- Samuel Dinsmoor Jr., Democratic, former clerk of the New Hampshire Senate, president of the Ashuelot Bank[2]
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------- | ------------------- | ------ | ------ | -- |
| | Democratic | Samuel Dinsmoor Jr. | 30,107 | 53.73% | |
| | Whig | Levi Chamberlain | 18,764 | 33.49% | |
| | Free Soil | Nathaniel S. Berry | 7,045 | 12.57% | |
| | Scattering | | 117 | 0.21% | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 11,343 | 20.24% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 56,033 | | |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Swing | | |
|
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enwiki
| 69,580,417 |
1849 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_New_Hampshire_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-23T04:09:55Z
|
en
|
Q110281242
| 218,329 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1849 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
| country = New Hampshire
| flag_year =
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1848 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1848
| next_election = 1850 New Hampshire gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1850
| election_date = March 13, 1849
| image1 = [[File:Samuel Dinsmoor, Jr..jpg|x150px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[Samuel Dinsmoor Jr.]]'''
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''30,107'''
| percentage1 = '''53.73%'''
| image2 = [[File:Chamberlain, Levi of Keene NH (2778772002).jpg|x150px]]
| nominee2 = Levi Chamberlain
| party2 = Whig Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 18,764
| percentage2 = 33.49%
| image3 =
{{CSS image crop
|Image = Nathaniel Springer Berry.jpg
|bSize = 100
|cWidth = 100
|cHeight = 150
|oTop = 0
|oLeft = 0
}}
| nominee3 = [[Nathaniel S. Berry]]
| party3 = Free Soil Party
| popular_vote3 = 7,045
| percentage3 = 12.57%
| map_image = 1849 New Hampshire gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 245px
| map_caption = County results <br>'''Dinsmoor:''' {{legend0|#A5B0FF|40–50%}} {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674de|60–70%}} {{legend0|#584CDE|70–80%}}<br/>
'''Chamberlain:''' {{legend0|#FEE391|40–50%}}
| title = [[Governor of New Hampshire|Governor]]
| before_election = [[Jared W. Williams]]
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Samuel Dinsmoor Jr.]]
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsNH}}
The '''1849 New Hampshire gubernatorial election''' was held on March 13, 1849.
Incumbent [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] [[Governor of New Hampshire|Governor]] [[Jared W. Williams]] did not stand for re-election.
[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee [[Samuel Dinsmoor Jr.]] defeated [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] nominee Levi Chamberlain and [[Free Soil Party|Free Soil]] nominee [[Nathaniel S. Berry]] with 53.73% of the vote.
==General election==
===Candidates===
*[[Nathaniel S. Berry]], Free Soil, judge of the [[Grafton County, New Hampshire|Grafton County]] Court of Common Pleas, Free Soil nominee for Governor in [[1846 New Hampshire gubernatorial election|1846]], [[1847 New Hampshire gubernatorial election|1847]] and [[1848 New Hampshire gubernatorial election|1848]]
*Levi Chamberlain, Whig, lawyer, former [[New Hampshire Senate|State Senator]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Griffin |first=Simon Goodell |date=1904 |title=A History of the Town of Keene, from 1732, When the Township Was Granted by Massachusetts, to 1874, When it Became a City |url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorytownkee01applgoog/page/572/mode/1up |location=Keene, N.H. |publisher=Sentinel Printing Company |page=572 }}</ref>
*[[Samuel Dinsmoor Jr.]], Democratic, former clerk of the [[New Hampshire Senate]], president of the Ashuelot Bank<ref>{{cite book |last=Rumrill |first=Alan |date=2009 |title=Monadnock Moments: Historic Tales from Southwest New Hampshire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P8N2CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT50 |location=Charleston, SC |publisher=The History Press |page=50 |isbn=978-1-59629-740-1 }}</ref>
===Results===
{{Election box begin | title=1849 New Hampshire gubernatorial election<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=235799 |title=NH Governor, 1849 |publisher=Our Campaigns |access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Glashan |first=Roy R. |title=American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978 |publisher=Meckler Books |location=Westport, CT |year=1979 |pages=202–203 |isbn=0-930466-17-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dubin |first=Michael J. |title=United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County |publisher=McFarland |year=2003 |page=156 |isbn=978-0-7864-1439-0 |location=Jefferson, North Carolina }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Journal of the Honorable Senate of the State of New Hampshire; June Session, 1849 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015065190582&view=1up&seq=16&skin=2021 |location=Concord |publisher=Butterfield and Hill |page=10 |date=1849 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Lyon |first=G. Parker |title=The New-Hampshire Annual Register, and United States Calendar, for the year 1860 |url=https://archive.org/details/newhampshireannu1860farm/page/44/mode/2up |location=Concord |publisher=G. Parker Lyon |page=44 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Carter |editor-first=Hosea B. |title=The New Hampshire Manual for the General Court 1680–1891 |date=1891 |publisher=Office of the Secretary of State |location=Concord |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101073361493&view=image&seq=167 |chapter=Gubernatorial Vote of New Hampshire – 1784 to 1890 |page=155}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Coolidge |first1=A. J. |last2=Mansfield |first2=J. B. |date=1860 |title=History and Description of New England. New Hampshire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HfOzuIgopTsC&pg=PA709 |location=Boston |publisher=Austin J. Coolidge |page=709 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Wadleigh |first=George |date=1913 |title=Notable Events in the History of Dover, New Hampshire: from the first settlement in 1623 to 1865 |url=https://archive.org/details/notableeventsinh00wadl/page/255/mode/1up |location=Dover, N.H. |publisher=The Tufts College Press |page=255 }}</ref>{{efn|Some sources give Berry's total as 7,162.<ref>{{cite book |title=Gubernatorial Elections, 1787-1997 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Congressional Quarterly Inc. |publication-date=1998 |page=66 |isbn=1-56802-396-0 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Kallenbach |editor1-first=Joseph E. |editor2-last=Kallenbach |editor2-first=Jessamine S. |date=1977 |title=American State Governors, 1776-1976 |volume=I |location=Dobbs Ferry, N.Y. |publisher=Oceana Publications, Inc. |page=384 |isbn=0-379-00665-0 }}</ref> The result given is taken from the New Hampshire Senate Journal. }}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Samuel Dinsmoor Jr.]]
| votes = 30,107
| percentage = 53.73%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Whig Party (United States)
| candidate = Levi Chamberlain
| votes = 18,764
| percentage = 33.49%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Free Soil Party
| candidate = [[Nathaniel S. Berry]]
| votes = 7,045
| percentage = 12.57%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Scattering
|candidate =
|votes = 117
|percentage = 0.21%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 11,343
| percentage = 20.24%
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 56,033
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link |
| winner = Democratic Party (United States)
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{New Hampshire elections}}
[[Category:New Hampshire gubernatorial elections|1849]]
[[Category:1849 United States gubernatorial elections|New Hampshire]]
[[Category:1849 New Hampshire elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:March 1849]]
{{NewHampshire-election-stub}}
| 1,271,238,459 |
[{"title": "1849 New Hampshire gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1848": "March 13, 1849 \u00b7 1850 \u2192", "Nominee": "Samuel Dinsmoor Jr. \u00b7 Levi Chamberlain \u00b7 Nathaniel S. Berry", "Party": "Democratic \u00b7 Whig \u00b7 Free Soil", "Popular vote": "30,107 \u00b7 18,764 \u00b7 7,045", "Percentage": "53.73% \u00b7 33.49% \u00b7 12.57%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Jared W. Williams \u00b7 Democratic": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Samuel Dinsmoor Jr. \u00b7 Democratic"}}]
| false |
# 15th Seiyu Awards
The 15th Seiyu Awards was held on March 6, 2021 at the JOQR Media Plus Hall in Minato, Tokyo. The winners of the Merit Awards, the Kei Tomiyama Award, the Kazue Takahashi Award, and the Synergy Award were announced on February 16, 2021. The rest of the winners were announced on the ceremony day.
| Winners | Agency | Highlight Works |
| ---------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Best Actor in a Leading Role | | |
| Kenjiro Tsuda | Amuleto | Akihito Narihisago (Id: Invaded) |
| Best Actress in a Leading Role | | |
| Yui Ishikawa | mitt management | Violet Evergarden (Violet Evergarden: The Movie) |
| Best Actors in Supporting Roles | | |
| Takehito Koyasu | T's Factory | Roswaal L. Mathers (Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World) |
| Nobunaga Shimazaki | Aoni Production | Yuki Sōma (Fruits Basket 2nd Season) |
| Best Actresses in Supporting Roles | | |
| Reina Ueda | 81 Produce | Shuka Karino (Darwin's Game) |
| Akari Kitō | Pro-Fit | Nene Yashiro (Toilet-Bound Hanako-kun) |
| Best New Actors | | |
| Masahiro Itō | Hibiki | Ren Nanahoshi (Argonavis from BanG Dream!) |
| Chiaki Kobayashi | Office Osawa | Makoto Edamura (Great Pretender) |
| Shimba Tsuchiya | Himawari Theatre Group | Sagami (My Teen Romantic Comedy SNAFU Climax) |
| Best New Actresses | | |
| Rin Aira | Horipro International | Wakaba Harukaze, Raki Kiseki (Aikatsu on Parade!) |
| Kana Ichinose | Sigma Seven e | Yuzuriha Ogawa (Dr. Stone) |
| Riho Sugiyama | Mausu Promotion | Minare Koda (Wave, Listen to Me!) |
| Natsumi Fujiwara | Arts Vision | Abigail Jones (Great Pretender) |
| Azumi Waki | Haikyō | Adele von Ascham/Mile (Didn't I Say to Make My Abilities Average in the Next Life?!) |
| Singing Award | | |
| Winner | Members | Agency |
| Walküre | JUNNA Kiyono Yasuno Nozomi Nishida Nao Tōyama Minori Suzuki | |
| Personality Award | | |
| Winner | Agency | Highlight Works |
| Hiroki Yasumoto | Sigma Seven | |
| Merit Award | | | |
| Winners | Winners | Agency | Agency |
| Eiko Masuyama | Eiko Masuyama | Aoni Production | Aoni Production |
| Masane Tsukayama | Masane Tsukayama | Seinenza Theater Company | Seinenza Theater Company |
| Kei Tomiyama Memorial Award | | | |
| Winner | Winner | Agency | Agency |
| Toshihiko Seki | Toshihiko Seki | 81 Produce | 81 Produce |
| Kazue Takahashi Memorial Award | | | |
| Winner | Winner | Agency | Agency |
| Yoshiko Sakakibara | Yoshiko Sakakibara | Freelance | Freelance |
| Synergy Award | | | |
| Winner | | | |
| Voicarion IX: Teikoku Koe Kabuki ~Nobunaga no Inu~ stage reading | | | |
| Special Honor Award | | | |
| Winner | | | |
| Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba | | | |
| Kids/Family Award | | | |
| Winner | Winner | Agency | Agency |
| Rie Nakagawa | Rie Nakagawa | Peerless Gerbera | Peerless Gerbera |
| Foreign Movie/Series Award | | | |
| Winner | Winner | Agency | Agency |
| Kazuhiro Yamaji | Kazuhiro Yamaji | Seinenza Theater Company | Seinenza Theater Company |
| Kazue Komiya | Kazue Komiya | Theater Echo | Theater Echo |
| Influencer Award | | | |
| Winner | Winner | Agency | Agency |
| Kotori Koiwai | Kotori Koiwai | Peerless Gerbera | Peerless Gerbera |
| Most Valuable Seiyū Award | | | |
| Winner | Winner | Agency | Agency |
| Hiro Shimono | Hiro Shimono | I'm Enterprise | I'm Enterprise |
|
enwiki/67024279
|
enwiki
| 67,024,279 |
15th Seiyu Awards
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_Seiyu_Awards
|
2025-01-28T03:58:34Z
|
en
|
Q105707497
| 41,357 |
{{Infobox award
| name =
| subheader = <!-- or | current_awards = -->
| image =
| image_size = <!-- or | image_upright = -->
| alt =
| caption =
| awarded_for = [[Voice acting in Japan]]
| sponsor =
| date = {{start date|2021|3|6}}
| location = [[Nippon Cultural Broadcasting|JOQR]] Media Plus Hall<br/>[[Minato, Tokyo]]
| country = [[Japan]]
| presenter =
| hosts =
| holder = <!-- or | winner = or | winners = -->
| award1_type = [[Seiyu Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role|Best Lead Actor]]
| award1_winner = [[Kenjiro Tsuda]]
| award2_type = Best Lead Actress
| award2_winner = [[Yui Ishikawa]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.seiyuawards.jp/}}
| network = <!-- or | network_list = -->
| runtime =
| producer =
| director =
| image2 =
| image2size = <!-- or | image_upright2 -->
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| previous = [[14th Seiyu Awards|14th]]
| main = [[Seiyu Awards]]
| next = [[16th Seiyu Awards|16th]]
}}
The '''15th [[Seiyu Awards]]''' was held on March 6, 2021 at the [[Nippon Cultural Broadcasting|JOQR]] Media Plus Hall in Minato, Tokyo. The winners of the Merit Awards, the [[Kei Tomiyama]] Award, the [[Kazue Takahashi]] Award, and the Synergy Award were announced on February 16, 2021.<ref name=awards1>{{cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-02-16/some-of-the-15th-annual-seiyu-awards-winners-announced/.169555|title=Some of the 15th Annual Seiyū Awards Winners Announced|date= February 16, 2021|accessdate= March 6, 2021|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> The rest of the winners were announced on the ceremony day.<ref name="awards2">{{cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-03-06/kenjiro-tsuda-yui-ishikawa-win-15th-annual-seiyu-awards/.170315|title=Kenjiro Tsuda, Yui Ishikawa Win 15th Annual Seiyū Awards|date= March 6, 2021|accessdate= March 6, 2021|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!style="background: #e0e0ff" |Winners
!style="background: #e0e0ff" |Agency
! style="background: #e0e0ff" |Highlight Works
|-
| colspan="3" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Best Actor in a Leading Role'''
|-
|'''[[Kenjiro Tsuda]]'''
|Amuleto
|Akihito Narihisago (''[[Id – Invaded|Id: Invaded]]'')
|-
| colspan="3" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Best Actress in a Leading Role'''
|-
|'''[[Yui Ishikawa]]'''
|mitt management
|Violet Evergarden (''[[Violet Evergarden: The Movie]]'')
|-
| colspan="3" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Best Actors in Supporting Roles'''
|-
|'''[[Takehito Koyasu]]'''
|T's Factory
|Roswaal L. Mathers (''[[Re:Zero − Starting Life in Another World]]'')
|-
|'''[[Nobunaga Shimazaki]]'''
|[[Aoni Production]]
|Yuki Sōma (''[[Fruits Basket|Fruits Basket 2nd Season]]'')
|-
| colspan="3" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Best Actresses in Supporting Roles'''
|-
|'''[[Reina Ueda]]'''
|[[81 Produce]]
|Shuka Karino (''[[Darwin's Game]]'')
|-
|'''[[Akari Kitō]]'''
|[[Pro-Fit]]
|Nene Yashiro (''[[Toilet-Bound Hanako-kun]]'')
|-
| colspan="3" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Best New Actors'''
|-
|'''[[Masahiro Itō]]'''
|Hibiki
|Ren Nanahoshi (''[[Argonavis from BanG Dream!]]'')
|-
|'''[[Chiaki Kobayashi]]'''
|Office Osawa
|Makoto Edamura (''[[Great Pretender (TV series)|Great Pretender]]'')
|-
|'''[[Shimba Tsuchiya]]'''
|[[Himawari Theatre Group]]
|Sagami (''[[My Teen Romantic Comedy SNAFU Climax]]'')
|-
| colspan="3" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Best New Actresses'''
|-
|'''[[Rin Aira]]'''
|[[Horipro|Horipro International]]
|Wakaba Harukaze, Raki Kiseki (''[[Aikatsu on Parade!]]'')
|-
|'''[[Kana Ichinose]]'''
|Sigma Seven e
|Yuzuriha Ogawa (''[[Dr. Stone]]'')
|-
|'''[[Riho Sugiyama]]'''
|[[Mausu Promotion]]
|Minare Koda (''[[Wave, Listen to Me!]]'')
|-
|'''[[Natsumi Fujiwara]]'''
|[[Arts Vision]]
|Abigail Jones (''Great Pretender'')
|-
|'''[[Azumi Waki]]'''
|[[Tokyo Actor's Consumer's Cooperative Society|Haikyō]]
|Adele von Ascham/Mile (''[[Didn't I Say to Make My Abilities Average in the Next Life?!]]'')
|-
| colspan="3" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Singing Award'''
|-
! style="background: #e0e0ff" |Winner
! style="background: #e0e0ff" |Members
! style="background: #e0e0ff" |Agency
|-
|'''[[Macross Delta|Walküre]]'''
|[[Junna (singer)|JUNNA]]<br>[[Kiyono Yasuno]]<br>[[Nozomi Nishida]]<br>[[Nao Tōyama]]<br>[[Minori Suzuki]]
|
|-
| colspan="3" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Personality Award'''
|-
! style="background: #e0e0ff" |Winner
! style="background: #e0e0ff" |Agency
! style="background: #e0e0ff" |Highlight Works
|-
| '''[[Hiroki Yasumoto]]'''
| [[Sigma Seven]]
|
|-
|}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
| colspan="4" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Merit Award'''
|-
!colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Winners
!colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Agency
|-
|colspan="2" |'''[[Eiko Masuyama]]'''||colspan="2"|Aoni Production
|-
|colspan="2" |'''[[Masane Tsukayama]]'''||colspan="2"|[[Seinenza Theater Company]]
|-
| colspan="4" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Kei Tomiyama Memorial Award'''
|-
!colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Winner
!colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Agency
|-
|colspan="2"|'''[[Toshihiko Seki]]'''||colspan="2" |81 Produce
|-
| colspan="4" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Kazue Takahashi Memorial Award'''
|-
!colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Winner
!colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Agency
|-
|colspan="2"|'''[[Yoshiko Sakakibara]]'''||colspan="2" |Freelance
|-
| colspan="4" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Synergy Award'''
|-
! colspan="4" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Winner
|-
|colspan="4" |''Voicarion IX: Teikoku Koe Kabuki ~Nobunaga no Inu~'' stage reading
|-
| colspan="4" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Special Honor Award'''
|-
! colspan="4" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Winner
|-
|colspan="4" |''[[Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba]]''
|-
| colspan="4" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Kids/Family Award'''
|-
!colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Winner
!colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Agency
|-
|colspan="2"|'''Rie Nakagawa'''||colspan="2" |Peerless Gerbera
|-
| colspan="4" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Foreign Movie/Series Award'''
|-
!colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Winner
!colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Agency
|-
|colspan="2"|'''[[Kazuhiro Yamaji]]'''||colspan="2" |Seinenza Theater Company
|-
|colspan="2"|'''[[Kazue Komiya]]'''||colspan="2" |Theater Echo
|-
| colspan="4" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Influencer Award'''
|-
!colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Winner
!colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Agency
|-
|colspan="2"|'''[[Kotori Koiwai]]'''||colspan="2" |Peerless Gerbera
|-
| colspan="4" style="background: #ccccff" |'''Most Valuable Seiyū Award'''
|-
!colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Winner
!colspan="2" style="background: #e0e0ff" |Agency
|-
|colspan="2"|'''[[Hiro Shimono]]'''||colspan="2" |[[I'm Enterprise]]
|-
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Seiyu Awards}}
[[Category:Seiyu Awards ceremonies]]
[[Category:2020 film awards|Seiyu]]
[[Category:2021 television awards|Seiyu]]
[[Category:March 2021 in Japan]]
[[Category:2021 in Japanese cinema]]
[[Category:2021 in Japanese television|Seiyu]]
[[Category:2021 in Tokyo]]
[[Category:Minato, Tokyo]]
| 1,272,338,609 |
[{"title": "15th Seiyu Awards", "data": {"Awarded for": "Voice acting in Japan", "Date": "March 6, 2021", "Location": "JOQR Media Plus Hall \u00b7 Minato, Tokyo", "Country": "Japan"}}, {"title": "Highlights", "data": {"Best Lead Actor": "Kenjiro Tsuda", "Best Lead Actress": "Yui Ishikawa", "Website": "www.seiyuawards.jp"}}]
| false |
# 1908 South Carolina gubernatorial election
The 1908 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1908, to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Governor Martin Frederick Ansel faced state senator Coleman Livingston Blease in the Democratic primary and emerged victorious to win a second two-year term as governor.
## Democratic primary
Coleman Livingston Blease entered the state Democratic primary for governor as the only opposition to incumbent Governor Martin Frederick Ansel. The voters saw no reason to not give Ansel another term for governor and Blease was defeated rather decisively on August 25.
| Democratic Primary | Democratic Primary | Democratic Primary |
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| ------------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ |
| Martin Frederick Ansel | 62,867 | 59.9 |
| Coleman Livingston Blease | 42,100 | 40.1 |
## General election
The general election was held on November 3, 1908, and Martin Frederick Ansel was reelected governor of South Carolina without opposition. Turnout increased over the previous gubernatorial election because there was also a presidential election on the ballot.
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------- | ---------------------------------- | ------ | ----- | --- |
| | Democratic | Martin Frederick Ansel (incumbent) | 61,060 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 61,060 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 61,060 | | |
| | Democratic hold | | | | |
|
enwiki/7371633
|
enwiki
| 7,371,633 |
1908 South Carolina gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_South_Carolina_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-31T02:52:54Z
|
en
|
Q7566681
| 247,442 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1908 South Carolina Democratic gubernatorial primary
| country = South Carolina
| flag_year = 1908
| flag_image =
| type = presidential
| party_colour =
| party_name = Democratic Party (United States)
| previous_election = 1906 South Carolina gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1906
| election_date = {{Start date|1908|08|25}}
| next_election = 1910 South Carolina gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1910
| registered =
| turnout =
| image_size = x150px
| image1 = File:Martin Frederick Ansel.jpg
| candidate1 = '''[[Martin Frederick Ansel]]'''
| party1 = Democratic Party (US)
| popular_vote1 = '''62,867'''
| percentage1 = '''59.9%'''
| image2 = File:Coleman L Blease (cropped).jpg
| candidate2 = [[Cole Blease]]
| party2 = Democratic Party (US)
| popular_vote2 = 42,100
| percentage2 = 40.1%
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map =
| map_caption =
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Martin Frederick Ansel]]
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Martin Frederick Ansel]]
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsSC}}
The '''1908 South Carolina gubernatorial election''' was held on November 3, 1908, to select the [[Governor of South Carolina|governor]] of the state of [[South Carolina]]. Governor [[Martin Frederick Ansel]] faced [[South Carolina Senate|state senator]] [[Coleman Livingston Blease]] in the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] primary and emerged victorious to win a second two-year term as governor.
==Democratic primary==
[[Coleman Livingston Blease]] entered the [[South Carolina Democratic Party|state Democratic]] [[Partisan primary|primary]] for governor as the only opposition to incumbent Governor [[Martin Frederick Ansel]]. The voters saw no reason to not give Ansel another term for governor and Blease was defeated rather decisively on August 25.
{| class="wikitable" style="background: #f9f9f9; font-size: 95%;"
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="3" | Democratic Primary
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="1" style="width: 170px"|Candidate
! style="width: 50px"|Votes
! style="width: 40px"|%
|-
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| '''[[Martin Frederick Ansel]]'''
| align="right" | '''62,867'''
| align="right" | '''59.9'''
|- {{Party shading/Democratic}}
| [[Coleman Livingston Blease]]
| align="right" | 42,100
| align="right" | 40.1
|-
|}
==General election==
The general election was held on November 3, 1908, and Martin Frederick Ansel was reelected [[governor of South Carolina]] without opposition. Turnout increased over the [[South Carolina gubernatorial election, 1906|previous gubernatorial election]] because there was also a [[United States presidential election|presidential election]] on the ballot.
{{Election box begin | title=South Carolina Gubernatorial Election, 1908}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Martin Frederick Ansel]] (incumbent)
|votes = 61,060
|percentage = 100.0
|change = 0.0
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 61,060
|percentage = 100.0
|change = 0.0
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 61,060
|percentage =
|change =
}}
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| colspan=5 |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] '''hold'''
|-
{{Election box end}}
{{legend|#00f|65+% won by Ansel}}
==See also==
*[[Governor of South Carolina]]
*[[List of governors of South Carolina]]
*[[South Carolina gubernatorial elections]]
==References==
*{{cite news |title= Primary Results Declared |work= The News and Courier |date= 30 August 1908 |page= 1}}
*{{cite book | last = Jordan | first = Frank E | title = The Primary State: A History of the Democratic Party in South Carolina, 1876-1962 | page = 26}}
*"Report of the Secretary of State to the General Assembly of South Carolina. Part II." ''Reports and Resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina''. Volume III. Columbia, SC: 1909, pp. 154–155.
==External links==
*[http://www.sciway.net/hist/governors/ansel.html SCIway Biography of Martin Frederick Ansel]
{{sequence|
prev=[[1906 South Carolina gubernatorial election|1906]]|
list=[[South Carolina gubernatorial elections]]|
next=[[1910 South Carolina gubernatorial election|1910]]
}}
{{SCGovElections}}
{{1908 United States elections}}
[[Category:1908 South Carolina elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:South Carolina gubernatorial elections|1908]]
[[Category:1908 United States gubernatorial elections|South Carolina]]
[[Category:November 1908 in the United States]]
| 1,272,972,498 |
[{"title": "1908 South Carolina Democratic gubernatorial primary", "data": {"\u2190 1906": "August 25, 1908 \u00b7 1910 \u2192", "Candidate": "Martin Frederick Ansel \u00b7 Cole Blease", "Party": "Democratic \u00b7 Democratic", "Popular vote": "62,867 \u00b7 42,100", "Percentage": "59.9% \u00b7 40.1%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Martin Frederick Ansel \u00b7 Democratic": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Martin Frederick Ansel \u00b7 Democratic"}}]
| false |
# 1526 in Sweden
Events from the year 1526 in Sweden
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Gustav I
## Events
- The New Testament and a psalm book is published in the Swedish language by Olaus Petri.
- Kungliga Hovkapellet
- The King demands confiscation of clerical property.
- The German Melchior Hoffman holds apocalyptic sermons in the German congregation in Stockholm.
- The King sends a monk from Vadstena Abbey to mission Christianity among the Sami.
|
enwiki/47335372
|
enwiki
| 47,335,372 |
1526 in Sweden
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1526_in_Sweden
|
2025-03-03T11:18:11Z
|
en
|
Q21187061
| 79,015 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{yearbox}}
Events from the year '''1526 in Sweden'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Swedish monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Gustav I of Sweden|Gustav I ]]
==Events==
{{Expand section|date=July 2015}}
* The [[New Testament]] and a psalm book is published in the Swedish language by [[Olaus Petri]].
* ''[[Kungliga Hovkapellet]]''
* The King demands confiscation of clerical property.
* The German [[Melchior Hoffman]] holds apocalyptic sermons in the German congregation in Stockholm.
* The King sends a monk from [[Vadstena Abbey]] to mission Christianity among the [[Sami people|Sami]].
==Births==
{{Expand section|date=July 2015}}
==Deaths==
{{Expand section|date=July 2015}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Year in Europe|1526}}
{{Years in Sweden}}
[[Category:1526 in Sweden| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 16th century in Sweden]]
[[Category:1526 by country|Sweden]]
{{Sweden-year-stub}}
| 1,278,593,945 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"Years in Sweden": "1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529", "Centuries": "15th century \u00b7 16th century \u00b7 17th century", "Decades": "1490s 1500s 1510s 1520s 1530s 1540s 1550s", "Years": "1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529"}}]
| false |
# 1640 in art
Events from the year 1640 in art.
## Events
- Nicolas Poussin completes the first series of Seven Sacraments.
- Abraham van Linge begins painting the windows for the chapel of University College, Oxford.
- Opening of the iconography studio at the Kremlin Armoury.
## Paintings
- Govert Flinck - A Young Archer (c.1639-40)
- Giovanna Garzoni - Still Life with Bowl of Citrons
- Jacob Jordaens (approximate dates)
- The King Drinks
- Prometheus Bound
- Rembrandt
- Harmen Doomer
- Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet
- Self-portrait
- Guido Reni - Saint Joseph and the Christ Child
- Diego Velázquez - Mars Resting (Prado Museum)
## Births
- June 21 - Abraham Mignon, Dutch flower painter born at Frankfurt (died 1679)
- August 2 - Gérard Audran, French engraver of the Audran family (died 1703)
- September 11 (or 1641) - Gerard de Lairesse, Dutch Golden Age painter and art theorist (died 1711)
- September 29 - Antoine Coysevox, French sculptor who emigrated from Spain (died 1720)
- date unknown
- Filippo Abbiati, Italian painter (died 1715)
- Jean François Baudesson, French painter of flowers and fruit (died 1713)
- Giovanni Lorenzo Bertolotti, Italian painter, active in Genoa (died 1721)
- Jacques d'Agar, French portrait painter (died 1716)
- Henry Gyles, English glass painter (died 1709)
- Buhurizade Mustafa Itri, Ottoman-Turkish musician, composer, calligrapher, singer and poet (died 1712)
- Isaac Paling, Dutch Golden Age painter (died 1728)
- Jose Risueño, Spanish painter who helped decorate the cupola of the church in the Carthusian monastery (died 1721)
- probable
- Giovanni Ventura Borghesi, Italian painter, active mainly in Rome (died 1708)
- Marco Liberi, Italian painter of mythologic and historic cabinet paintings (died 1687)
## Deaths
- January - Johann Wilhelm Baur, German engraver, etcher and miniature painter (born 1607)
- January 8 - Alfonso Rivarola, Italian painter, active mainly in his native Ferrara (born 1607)
- February 4 (bur.) - Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom, Dutch painter (born 1566), father of Cornelis Hendriksz Vroom
- May 30 - Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish painter (born 1577)
- June - Abraham van der Doort, Dutch-born artist and curator (born c. 1575/1580?) (suicide)
- July 3 - Giuseppe Cesari, Italian painter (born 1568)
- August 3 - Giovanni Antonio Lelli, Italian painter of the Baroque period (born 1591)
- September 30 - Jacopo da Empoli, Italian late-mannerist painter (born 1551)
- October 26 - Pietro Tacca, Italian sculptor and follower of Giambologna (born 1557)
- November 22 - Mario Minniti, Italian painter, who was also the model for Caravaggio's painting Boy with a Basket of Fruit (born 1577)
- November 25 - Pellegrino Piola, Italian painter (born 1617)
- December 22 - Jean de Beaugrand, French lineographer and mathematician (born 1584)
- date unknown
- Vicente Guirri, Spanish painter (date of birth unknown)
- Giovanni Battista Ruggieri, Italian painter (date of birth unknown)
- probable
- Antonia Bertucci-Pinelli, Italian woman painter (date of birth unknown)
- Ercole de Maria, Italian painter awarded knighthood by Urban VIII (b. unknown)
|
enwiki/2551557
|
enwiki
| 2,551,557 |
1640 in art
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1640_in_art
|
2024-11-05T23:25:16Z
|
en
|
Q4551433
| 27,495 |
{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1640|art}}
Events from the year '''1640 in art'''.
==Events==
* [[Nicolas Poussin]] completes the first series of ''[[Seven Sacraments (Poussin)|Seven Sacraments]]''.
* [[Abraham van Linge]] begins painting the windows for the chapel of [[University College, Oxford]].
* Opening of the iconography studio at the [[Kremlin Armoury]].
==Paintings==
[[File:Giovanna Garzoni (Italian) - Still Life with Bowl of Citrons - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Giovanna Garzoni|Garzoni]] – ''Still Life with Bowl of Citrons'']]
*[[Govert Flinck]] - ''[[A Young Archer]]'' (c.1639-40)
*[[Giovanna Garzoni]] - ''Still Life with Bowl of Citrons''
*[[Jacob Jordaens]] (approximate dates)
**''[[:File:Jakob Jordaens 001.jpg|The King Drinks]]''
**''[[:File:Koeln wrm 1044.jpg|Prometheus Bound]]''
*[[Rembrandt]]
**''[[:File:Rembrandt van Rijn Harmen Doomer circa 1640.jpg|Harmen Doomer]]''
**''[[Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet]]''
**''[[:File:Rembrandt1640.png|Self-portrait]]''
*[[Guido Reni]] - ''[[:File:Guido Reni - Saint Joseph and the Christ Child - Google Art Project.jpg|Saint Joseph and the Christ Child]]''
*[[Diego Velázquez]] - ''[[Mars Resting]]'' ([[Prado Museum]])
==Births==
*[[June 21]] - [[Abraham Mignon]], [[Netherlands|Dutch]] flower painter born at [[Frankfurt]] (died [[1679 in art|1679]])
*[[August 2]] - [[Gérard Audran]], [[France|French]] [[engraver]] of the Audran family (died [[1703 in art|1703]])
*[[September 11]] (or 1641) - [[Gerard de Lairesse]], [[Dutch Golden Age]] painter and art theorist (died [[1711 in art|1711]])
*[[September 29]] - [[Antoine Coysevox]], French [[sculpture|sculptor]] who emigrated from [[Spain]] (died [[1720 in art|1720]])
*''date unknown''
**[[Filippo Abbiati]], [[Italy|Italian]] painter (died [[1715 in art|1715]])
**[[Jean François Baudesson]], French painter of flowers and fruit (died [[1713 in art|1713]])
**[[Giovanni Lorenzo Bertolotti]], Italian painter, active in [[Genoa]] (died [[1721 in art|1721]])
**[[Jacques d'Agar]], French portrait painter (died [[1716 in art|1716]])
**[[Henry Gyles]], English glass painter (died [[1709 in art|1709]])
**[[Buhurizade Mustafa Itri]], [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-[[Turkish people|Turkish]] musician, composer, calligrapher, singer and poet (died [[1712 in art|1712]])
**[[Isaac Paling]], Dutch Golden Age painter (died [[1728 in art|1728]])
**[[Jose Risueño]], [[Spain|Spanish]] painter who helped decorate the cupola of the church in the [[Carthusian|Carthusian monastery]] (died [[1721 in art|1721]])
*''probable''
**[[Giovanni Ventura Borghesi]], Italian painter, active mainly in [[Rome]] (died [[1708 in art|1708]])
**[[Marco Liberi]], Italian painter of mythologic and historic [[cabinet painting]]s (died [[1687 in art|1687]])
==Deaths==
*[[January]] - [[Johann Wilhelm Baur]], German engraver, etcher and miniature painter (born [[1607 in art|1607]])
*[[January 8]] - [[Alfonso Rivarola]], Italian painter, active mainly in his native [[Ferrara]] (born [[1607 in art|1607]])
*[[February 4]] (bur.) - [[Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom]], Dutch painter (born [[1566 in art|1566]]), father of [[Cornelis Hendriksz Vroom]]
*[[May 30]] - [[Peter Paul Rubens]], Flemish painter (born [[1577 in art|1577]])
*June - [[Abraham van der Doort]], Dutch-born artist and curator (born c. 1575/1580?) (suicide)
*[[July 3]] - [[Giuseppe Cesari]], Italian painter (born [[1568 in art|1568]])
*[[August 3]] - [[Giovanni Antonio Lelli]], Italian painter of the [[Baroque]] period (born [[1591 in art|1591]])
*[[September 30]] - [[Jacopo da Empoli]], Italian late-[[Mannerism|mannerist]] painter (born [[1551 in art|1551]])
*[[October 26]] - [[Pietro Tacca]], Italian sculptor and follower of [[Giambologna]] (born [[1557 in art|1557]])
*[[November 22]] - [[Mario Minniti]], Italian painter, who was also the model for [[Caravaggio]]'s painting ''[[Boy with a Basket of Fruit]]'' (born [[1577 in art|1577]])
*[[November 25]] - [[Pellegrino Piola]], Italian painter (born [[1617 in art|1617]])
*[[December 22]] - [[Jean de Beaugrand]], [[France|French]] [[Lineography|lineographer]] and mathematician (born [[1584 in art|1584]])
*''date unknown''
**[[Vicente Guirri]], Spanish painter (date of birth unknown)
**[[Giovanni Battista Ruggieri]], Italian painter (date of birth unknown)
*''probable''
**[[Antonia Bertucci-Pinelli]], Italian woman painter (date of birth unknown)
**[[Ercole de Maria]], Italian painter awarded knighthood by [[Urban VIII]] (b. ''unknown'')
{{DEFAULTSORT:1640 In Art}}
[[Category:1640 in art| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 17th century in art]]
[[Category:1640s in art]]
| 1,255,642,464 |
[]
| false |
# 1849 Philadelphia mayoral election
The 1849 Philadelphia mayoral election saw the election of Joel Jones.
## Electoral system
Beginning in 1839, the city operated under a mixed electoral system. Citizens voted for mayor in a general election. If a candidate receive a majority of the vote, they would be elected mayor. However, if no candidate received a majority, the City Council would select a mayor from the top-two finishers.
## Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ----------- | -------------- | ------ | ------ |
| | Independent | Joel Jones | 6,429 | 50.19% |
| | Whig | Charles Gilpin | 6,364 | 49.68% |
| | Other | Other | 16 | 0.13% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 12,809 | |
|
enwiki/60647735
|
enwiki
| 60,647,735 |
1849 Philadelphia mayoral election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1849_Philadelphia_mayoral_election
|
2025-02-11T08:02:56Z
|
en
|
Q65066769
| 187,414 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1849 Philadelphia mayoral election
| country =
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_year = [[1848 Philadelphia mayoral election|1848]]
| next_year = [[1850 Philadelphia mayoral election|1850]]
| election_date =
| image1 = Joel Jones (1795–1860).png
| nominee1 = '''[[Joel Jones (mayor)|Joel Jones]]'''
| party1 = Independent politician
| popular_vote1 = '''6,429'''
| percentage1 = '''50.19%'''
| image2 = Charles Gilpin mayor (3x4a).webp
| nominee2 = [[Charles Gilpin (mayor)|Charles Gilpin]]
| party2 = Whig Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 6,364
| percentage2 = 49.68%
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = Mayor
| before_election = [[John Swift (politician)|John Swift]]
| before_party = Whig Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Joel Jones (mayor)|Joel Jones]]
| after_party = Independent politician
}}
{{ElectionsPA}}
The '''1849 Philadelphia mayoral election''' saw the election of Joel Jones.<ref name=city1/>
==Electoral system==
Beginning [[1839 Philadelphia mayoral election|in 1839]], the city operated under a mixed electoral system. Citizens voted for mayor in a general election. If a candidate receive a majority of the vote, they would be elected mayor. However, if no candidate received a majority, the [[Philadelphia City Council|City Council]] would select a mayor from the top-two finishers.<ref name=city1/>
==Results==
{{Election box begin no change|title=1849 Philadelphia mayoral election results<ref name=city1>{{cite web |title=Mayors of the City of Philadelphia 1691-2000 |url=https://www.phila.gov/PHILS/Mayorlst.htm |website=City of Philadelphia |access-date=28 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Independent politician|candidate=[[Joel Jones (mayor)|Joel Jones]] |votes= 6,429 |percentage=50.19%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Whig Party (United States) |candidate=[[Charles Gilpin (mayor)|Charles Gilpin]] |votes= 6,364 |percentage=49.68%}}
{{Election box candidate no change|party=Other|candidate=Other|votes= 16 |percentage=0.13%}}
{{Election box total no change|percentage=|votes= 12,809}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Mayoral elections in Philadelphia|1849]]
[[Category:1849 United States mayoral elections|Philadelphia]]
[[Category:1849 Pennsylvania elections|Philadelphia mayoral]]
[[Category:19th century in Philadelphia]]
| 1,275,137,870 |
[{"title": "1849 Philadelphia mayoral election", "data": {"Nominee": "Joel Jones \u00b7 Charles Gilpin", "Party": "Independent \u00b7 Whig", "Popular vote": "6,429 \u00b7 6,364", "Percentage": "50.19% \u00b7 49.68%", "Mayor before election \u00b7 John Swift \u00b7 Whig": "Elected mayor \u00b7 Joel Jones \u00b7 Independent"}}]
| false |
# 1908 South Sydney season
The 1908 South Sydney season was the first in the club's history. They competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League (NSWRFL) Premiership, finishing as the inaugural Australian rugby league premiers.
## Ladder
| | Team | Pld | W | D | L | B | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| - | --------------- | --- | - | - | - | - | --- | --- | ---- | --- |
| 1 | South Sydney | 9 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 194 | 53 | +141 | 18 |
| 2 | Eastern Suburbs | 9 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 183 | 90 | +93 | 18 |
| 3 | Glebe | 9 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 106 | 63 | +43 | 16 |
| 4 | North Sydney | 9 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 155 | 66 | +89 | 14 |
| 5 | Newcastle | 9 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 151 | 116 | +35 | 10 |
| 6 | Balmain | 9 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 86 | 113 | −27 | 9 |
| 7 | Newtown | 9 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 70 | 148 | −78 | 5 |
| 8 | Western Suburbs | 9 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 47 | 190 | −143 | 4 |
| 9 | Cumberland | 8 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 38 | 191 | −153 | 4* |
- Cumberland deducted 2 points due to late entry into the competition.
## Fixtures
### Regular season
| Round | Opponent | Result | Score | Date | Venue | Crowd | Ref |
| ----- | ------------------------ | ------ | ------- | ----------------- | ------------------------------------- | ------ | ------ |
| 1 | North Sydney | Win | 11 – 7 | Monday 20 April | Birchgrove | 3,000 | [ 2 ] |
| 2 | Western Suburbs | Win | 42 – 7 | Saturday 25 April | Royal Agricultural Society Showground | | [ 3 ] |
| 2 | Cumberland Fruit Pickers | Win | 23 – 2 | Saturday 9 May | Royal Agricultural Society Showground | 20,000 | [ 4 ] |
| 3 | Eastern Suburbs | Loss | 12 – 13 | Saturday 16 May | Royal Agricultural Society Showground | 3,000 | [ 5 ] |
| 4 | BYE | | | | | | |
| 5 | Newtown | Win | 31 – 3 | Friday 30 May | Royal Agricultural Society Showground | 800 | [ 6 ] |
| 6 | Glebe | Win | 21 – 5 | Saturday 20 June | Wentworth | 1,500 | [ 7 ] |
| 7 | Newcastle | Win | 30 – 11 | Saturday 27 June | Royal Agricultural Society Showground | 4,000 | [ 8 ] |
| 8 | BYE | | | | | | |
| 9 | Balmain | Win | 16 – 2 | Saturday 25 July | Birchgrove | 800 | [ 9 ] |
| 10 | Newcastle | Win | 8 – 3 | Sunday 8 August | Wentworth | 200 | [ 10 ] |
### Finals
| | Semi-finals | Semi-finals | | | Final | Final |
| | | | | | | |
| | 15 August 1908 – Agricultural | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | Eastern Suburbs | 23 | | | | |
| | Eastern Suburbs | 23 | 29 August 1908 – Agricultural | | | |
| | North Sydney | 10 | | | | |
| | North Sydney | 10 | South Sydney | 14 | | |
| | 15 August 1908 – Wentworth | | South Sydney | 14 | | |
| | | Eastern Suburbs | 12 | | | |
| | South Sydney | Eastern Suburbs | 12 | 16 | | |
| | South Sydney | | | 16 | | |
| | Glebe | 3 | | | | |
| | Glebe | 3 | | | | |
## Statistics
| Name | App | T | G | FG | Pts |
| -------------------- | --- | -- | -- | -- | --- |
| Tommy Anderson | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 20 |
| Arthur Butler | 9 | 8 | 11 | 0 | 46 |
| Harold Butler | 11 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 18 |
| William "Billy" Cann | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
| John Cochrane | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Arthur Conlin | 8 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 10 |
| Maxwell Coxon | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Walter Davis | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Bruce Douglas | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Edward "Ed" Fry | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Thomas Golden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Dick Green | 11 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 34 |
| William Harden | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Arthur Hennessy | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Fred Jarman | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| John Leveson | 11 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| Arthur McCallum | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| William Neill | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| John Rosewell | 8 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 9 |
| Leo Senior | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| Frank Storie | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
| George Wells | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Richard Wylie | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Totals | 143 | 56 | 20 | 0 | 224 |
|
enwiki/68813624
|
enwiki
| 68,813,624 |
1908 South Sydney season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_South_Sydney_season
|
2023-12-08T16:32:20Z
|
en
|
Q108857391
| 106,188 |
{{Short description|New South Wales Rugby Football League}}
{{Infobox rugby league team season|year=1908|coach2=[[Edward Fry]]|next_season=[[1909 South Sydney Rabbitohs season|1909]]|top_points=[[Arthur Butler (rugby league)|Arthur Butler]] (46)|top_goals=[[Arthur Butler (rugby league)|Arthur Butler]] (11)|top_tries=[[Arthur Butler (rugby league)|Arthur Butler]] (8)|avg_attendance=|stadium=[[Sydney Showground Stadium|Royal Agricultural Society Showground ]]|captain3=[[John Rosewell]]|captain2=[[Edward Fry]]|captain=[[Arthur Hennessy]]|assistant_coach=|coach=[[Arthur Hennessy]]|league=NSWRFL|points_against=53|points_for=194|league_losses=1|league_draws=0|league_wins=8|cup_result=|cup=|playoff_result=Premiers|league_rank=1st (out of 9)|league_champions=|list=}}
The '''1908 South Sydney season''' was the first in the club's history. They competed in the [[New South Wales Rugby League premiership|New South Wales Rugby Football League (NSWRFL) Premiership]], finishing as the inaugural [[Australian rugby league premiers]].
== Ladder ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! width="20" |
! width="175" |Team
! width="20" |Pld
! width="20" |W
! width="20" |D
! width="20" |L
! width="20" |B
! width="20" |PF
! width="20" |PA
! width="20" |PD
! width="20" |Pts
|- style="background: #ccffcc;"
|1
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:South_Sydney_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[South Sydney Rabbitohs|'''South Sydney''']]
|9
|8
|0
|1
|1
|194
|53
| +141
|'''18'''
|- style="background: #ccffcc;"
|2
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Eastern_Suburbs_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Sydney Roosters|Eastern Suburbs]]
|9
|8
|0
|1
|1
|183
|90
| +93
|'''18'''
|- style="background: #ccffcc;"
|3
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Glebe_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Glebe (rugby league team)|Glebe]]
|9
|7
|0
|2
|1
|106
|63
| +43
|'''16'''
|- style="background: #ccffcc;"
|4
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:North_Sydney_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[North Sydney Bears|North Sydney]]
|9
|6
|0
|3
|1
|155
|66
| +89
|'''14'''
|-
|5
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Newcastle_foundation_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Newcastle Rebels|Newcastle]]
|9
|4
|0
|5
|1
|151
|116
| +35
|'''10'''
|-
|6
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Balmain_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Balmain Tigers|Balmain]]
|9
|3
|1
|5
|1
|86
|113
|−27
|'''9'''
|-
|7
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Newtown_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Newtown Jets|Newtown]]
|9
|1
|1
|7
|1
|70
|148
|−78
|'''5'''
|-
|8
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Western_Suburbs_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Western Suburbs Magpies|Western Suburbs]]
|9
|1
|0
|8
|1
|47
|190
|−143
|'''4'''
|-
|9
| style="text-align:left;" |[[File:Cumberland_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Cumberland (rugby league team)|Cumberland]]<ref name="Collis p120">{{cite book|last1=Whiticker|first1=Alan|last2=Collis|first2=Ian|year=2006|title=The History of Rugby League Clubs|location=New Holland, Sydney|isbn=9781741104707|page=120}}</ref>
|8
|1
|0
|7
|2
|38
|191
|−153
|'''4*'''
|}
* Cumberland deducted 2 points due to late entry into the competition.
== Fixtures ==
=== Regular season ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
!Round
!Opponent
!Result
!Score
!Date
!Venue
!Crowd
!Ref
|-
|1
|[[File:North_Sydney_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[North Sydney Bears|North Sydney]]
|Win
|11 – 7
|Monday 20 April
|[[Birchgrove Park|Birchgrove]]
|3,000
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1908 - Round 1 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1908/round-1/north-sydney-vs-south-sydney/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-25|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2
|[[File:Western_Suburbs_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Western Suburbs Magpies|Western Suburbs]]
|Win
|42 – 7
|Saturday 25 April
|[[Sydney Showground (Moore Park)|Royal Agricultural Society Showground]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1908 - Round 2 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1908/round-2/south-sydney-vs-western-suburbs/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-25|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Cumberland_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Cumberland (rugby league team)|Cumberland Fruit Pickers]]
|Win
|23 – 2
|Saturday 9 May
|[[Sydney Showground (Moore Park)|Royal Agricultural Society Showground]]
|20,000
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1908 - Round 2 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1908/round-2/south-sydney-vs-cumberland--aus-/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-25|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|3
|{{leagueicon|Sydney|16}} [[Sydney Roosters|Eastern Suburbs]]
|Loss
|12 – 13
|Saturday 16 May
|[[Sydney Showground (Moore Park)|Royal Agricultural Society Showground]]
|3,000
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1908 - Round 3 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1908/round-3/south-sydney-vs-eastern-suburbs/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-25|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|4
|BYE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|5
|[[File:Newtown_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Newtown Jets|Newtown]]
|Win
|31 – 3
|Friday 30 May
|[[Sydney Showground (Moore Park)|Royal Agricultural Society Showground]]
|800
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1908 - Round 5 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1908/round-5/south-sydney-vs-newtown/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-25|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|6
|[[File:Glebe_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Glebe (rugby league team)|Glebe]]
|Win
|21 – 5
|Saturday 20 June
|[[Wentworth Park|Wentworth]]
|1,500
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1908 - Round 6 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1908/round-6/glebe-vs-south-sydney/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-25|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|7
|[[File:Newcastle_foundation_colours.svg|16x16px]][[Newcastle Rebels|Newcastle]]
|Win
|30 – 11
|Saturday 27 June
|[[Sydney Showground (Moore Park)|Royal Agricultural Society Showground]]
|4,000
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1908 - Round 7 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1908/round-7/south-sydney-vs-newcastle/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-25|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|8
|BYE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|9
|[[File:Balmain_colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Balmain Tigers|Balmain]]
|Win
|16 – 2
|Saturday 25 July
|[[Birchgrove Park|Birchgrove]]
|800
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1908 - Round 9 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1908/round-9/balmain-vs-south-sydney/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-25|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|-
|10
|[[File:Newcastle_foundation_colours.svg|16x16px]][[Newcastle Rebels|Newcastle]]
|Win
|8 – 3
|Sunday 8 August
|[[Wentworth Park|Wentworth]]
|200
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=NSWRFL 1908 - Round 10 - Rugby League Project|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/seasons/nswrfl-1908/round-10/newcastle-vs-south-sydney/summary.html|access-date=2021-09-25|website=www.rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
|}
=== Finals ===
{{Round4
<!--Date-Place|Team 1|Score 1|Team 2|Score 2 -->
<!--semi-finals -->|15 August 1908 – Agricultural|'''[[File:Eastern Suburbs colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Sydney Roosters|Eastern Suburbs]]'''|23|[[File:North Sydney colours.svg|16x16px]] [[North Sydney Bears|North Sydney]]|10|15 August 1908 – Wentworth|'''[[File:South Sydney colours.svg|16x16px]] [[South Sydney Rabbitohs|South Sydney]]'''|16|[[File:Glebe colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Glebe (rugby league team)|Glebe]]|3
<!--final -->|29 August 1908 – Agricultural|'''[[File:South Sydney colours.svg|16x16px]] [[South Sydney Rabbitohs|South Sydney]]'''|14|[[File:Eastern Suburbs colours.svg|16x16px]] [[Sydney Roosters|Eastern Suburbs]]|12}}
== Statistics ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"
! style="width:8em" |Name
! style="width:3em" |[[Cap (sport)|App]]
! style="width:3em" |[[Try (rugby)|T]]
! style="width:3em" |[[Goal (sport)#Rugby league and rugby union|G]]
! style="width:3em" |[[Drop goal|FG]]
! style="width:3em" |Pts
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Tommy Anderson (rugby league)|Tommy Anderson]]
|8
|6
|1
|0
|20
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Arthur Butler (rugby league)|Arthur Butler]]
|9
|8
|11
|0
|46
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Harold Butler (rugby league)|Harold Butler]]
|11
|4
|3
|0
|18
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[William Cann (rugby league)|William "Billy" Cann]]
|5
|6
|0
|0
|18
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[John Cochrane (rugby league)|John Cochrane]]
|9
|1
|0
|0
|3
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Arthur Conlin]]
|8
|2
|2
|0
|10
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Maxwell Coxon]]
|5
|1
|0
|0
|3
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Walter Davis (rugby league)|Walter Davis]]
|8
|2
|0
|0
|6
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Bruce Douglas (rugby league)|Bruce Douglas]]
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Ed Fry|Edward "Ed" Fry]]
|9
|2
|0
|0
|6
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Thomas Golden (rugby league)|Thomas Golden]]
|1
|1
|0
|0
|3
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |[[Dick Green (rugby league)|Dick Green]]
|11
|6
|8
|0
|34
|-
|[[William Harden (rugby league)|William Harden]]
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Arthur Hennessy]]
|5
|2
|0
|0
|6
|-
|[[Fred Jarman]]
|9
|2
|0
|0
|6
|-
|[[John Leveson (rugby league)|John Leveson]]
|11
|3
|0
|0
|9
|-
|[[Arthur McCallum]]
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[William Neill (rugby league)|William Neill]]
|7
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[John Rosewell]]
|8
|1
|3
|0
|9
|-
|[[Leo Senior]]
|4
|3
|0
|0
|9
|-
|[[Frank Storie]]
|8
|6
|0
|0
|18
|-
|[[George Wells (rugby league)|George Wells]]
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Richard Wylie (rugby league)|Richard Wylie]]
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
!Totals
!143
!56
!20
!0
!224
|}
== References ==
<references />
{{South Sydney Rabbitohs}}<!--
{{1908 in rugby league}}-->
[[Category:South Sydney Rabbitohs seasons]]
[[Category:1908 in Australian rugby league|South Sydney Rabbitohs season]]
| 1,188,933,622 |
[{"title": "1908 South Sydney season", "data": {"NSWRFL Rank": "1st (out of 9)", "Play-off result": "Premiers", "1908 record": "Wins: 8; draws: 0; losses: 1", "Points scored": "For: 194; against: 53"}}, {"title": "Team information", "data": {"Coach": "Arthur Hennessy", "Captains": "- Arthur Hennessy - Edward Fry - John Rosewell", "Stadium": "Royal Agricultural Society Showground"}}, {"title": "Top scorers", "data": {"Tries": "Arthur Butler (8)", "Goals": "Arthur Butler (11)", "Points": "Arthur Butler (46)"}}]
| false |
# 1526 in France
Events from the year 1526 in France
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Francis I[1]
## Events
- January 14 – Treaty of Madrid was signed by king Francis I stipulating the abandonment of Burgundy, and French claims in northern Italy and Artois . [2][3]
- February 6 – Suleiman the Magnificent, agrees to form a military alliance with France, after King Francis I sends a proposal by way of his envoy, Jean Frangipani.[4]
- March 6 – King Francis I of France is released from captivity in Spain after having signed the Treaty of Madrid.[5]
- March 17 – King Francis I crosses from the Bidasoa River from Spain into France, while at the same time, his sons the Dauphin Prince François and Prince Henri, cross into Spain to take his place as hostages to guarantee France's compliance with the Madrid Treaty.[6]
- May 22 - King Francis I creates the League of Cognac to unite France with Florence, Venice, Milan and the Papacy against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. [7]
## Births
- April 12 – Muretus, French humanist (d. 1585)[8]Marc Antoine Muret (Muretus) 1526–1585
### Date Unknown
- Adam de Craponne, French engineer (d.1576)
|
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enwiki
| 78,365,921 |
1526 in France
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1526_in_France
|
2025-02-02T13:37:38Z
|
en
|
Q131359929
| 165,144 |
{{short description|none}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in France header}}
Events from the year '''1526 in [[France]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of French monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Francis I of France|Francis I]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Francis I {{!}} king of France {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francis-I-king-of-France |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=1 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
==Events==
* [[January 14]] – [[Treaty of Madrid (1526)|Treaty of Madrid]] was signed by king Francis I stipulating the abandonment of [[Burgundy]], and French claims in [[northern Italy]] and [[Artois]] . <ref>{{cite book |author=R. J. Knecht |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvEBMIIcHQkC&pg=PA189 |title=Francis I |date=26 April 1984 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-27887-4 |pages=189}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Frieda |first=Leonie |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/on1030771970 |title=Francis I: the maker of modern France |date=2018 |publisher=Harper, an imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers |isbn=978-0-06-156309-6 |edition=1st |location=New York, NY |oclc=on1030771970}}</ref>
* [[February 6]] – [[Suleiman the Magnificent]], agrees to form a military alliance with [[Kingdom of France|France]], after King Francis I sends a proposal by way of his envoy, [[Jean Frangipani]].<ref>Roger B. Merriman, ''Suleiman the Magnificent, 1520–1566'' (Read Books, 2007) p.129 {{ISBN|1-4067-7272-0}}</ref>
* [[March 6]] – King Francis I of France is released from captivity in Spain after having signed the Treaty of Madrid.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1LCJDAAAQBAJ |title=The Spanish Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=2016 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-16106-9-422-3 |editor1-last=Tarver |editor1-first=H. Micheal |editor1-link=H. Micheal Tarver |edition= |series=Empires of the World |volume=1 |location=Santa Barbara, California; Denver, Colorado |page=106}}Tarver 2016, p. 106</ref>
* [[March 17]] – King Francis I crosses from the [[Bidasoa|Bidasoa River]] from Spain into France, while at the same time, his sons [[Francis III, Duke of Brittany|the Dauphin Prince François]] and [[Henry II of France|Prince Henri]], cross into Spain to take his place as hostages to guarantee France's compliance with the Madrid Treaty.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Knecht |first1=Robert J. |author1-link=Robert Knecht |url=https://archive.org/details/renaissancewarri00knec/page/n5/mode/2up |title=Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I |date=1994 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-57885-1 |location=Cambridge |page=248 |url-access=registration}}</ref>
* [[May 22]] - King Francis I creates the [[League of Cognac]] to unite France with [[Florence]], [[Venice]], [[Milan]] and the [[Papacy]] against the [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Holy Roman Emperor Charles V]]. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Frieda |first=Leonie |title=Catherine de Medici: Renaissance Queen of France |date=2006 |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |isbn=978-0-06-074493-9 |edition=1st |location=Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar}}</ref>
==Births==
*[[April 12]] – [[Muretus]], French humanist (d. [[1585]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=TRAWNITSCHEK |first1=Hubert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OYupZHf_1IUC&q=%20%2212%20april%201526%22 |title=Marcus Antonius Muretus: Das Bild eines wahren Christen. Pädagogische Studie |date=1875 |publisher=Pannonia |language=de |quote=Marcus Antonius Muretus was born on April 12, 1256, AD in Muret, a village near Limoges |access-date=3 August 2023}}</ref>[[File:Muretus - Imagines philologorum.jpg|thumb|178x178px|Marc Antoine Muret (Muretus) 1526–1585]]
=== Date Unknown ===
*[[Adam de Craponne]], French engineer (d.[[1576]])
== Deaths ==
*
==See also==
{{Portal bar|France|History|Lists}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{France year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1526}}
[[Category:1520s in France]]
{{France-hist-stub}}
| 1,273,476,292 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1525 - 1524 - 1523 - 1522 - 1521": "1526 \u00b7 in \u00b7 France \u00b7 \u2192 - 1527 - 1528 - 1529 - 1530 - 1531", "Decades": "1500s 1510s 1520s 1530s 1540s", "See also": "Other events of 1526 \u00b7 History of France \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false |
# 1640s BC
The 1640s BC was a decade lasting from January 1, 1649 BC to December 31, 1640 BC.
## Significant people
- Bazaya, King of Assyria, r. 1650–1622 BC
- Ammi-Ditana, King of Babylonia, r. 1684–1647 BC (Middle chronology)
- Ammi-Saduqa, King of Babylonia, r. 1647–1626 BC (Middle chronology)
- Tang, Shang dynasty king of China, r. 1675–1646 BC
- Tài Dīng, Shang dynasty king of China, r. 1646–1644 BC
- Bu Bing, Shang dynasty king of China, r. 1644–1612 BC
- Salitis, Fifteenth Dynasty pharaoh of Egypt, r. c. 1648–1628 BC
- Djehuti, Sixteenth Dynasty pharaoh of Egypt, r. c. 1650–1647 BC
- Sobekhotep VIII, Sixteenth Dynasty pharaoh of Egypt, r. c. 1647–1631 BC
- Kuk-Nashur II, King of Elam, r. c. 1650–1635 BC[1]
- Hattusili I, King of the Hittites, r. c. 1650–1620 BC (middle chronology)[2]
- Kashtiliash II, King of the Kassites, r. 1650–1640 BC
- Urzigurumash, King of the Kassites, r. 1640–1630 BC
- Ishkibal, King of the Sealand, r. 1657–1642 BC
- Shushshi, King of the Sealand, r. 1642–1618 BC
|
enwiki/42679
|
enwiki
| 42,679 |
1640s BC
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1640s_BC
|
2024-07-18T17:42:02Z
|
en
|
Q2851880
| 37,695 |
{{Short description|Decade}}
The '''1640s BC''' was a decade lasting from January 1, 1649 BC to December 31, 1640 BC.
{{Decadebox BC|164}}
==Events and trends==
{{Empty section|date=May 2015}}
==Significant people==
*[[Bazaya]], King of Assyria, {{Reign|1650|1622|era=BC}}
*[[Ammi-Ditana]], King of Babylonia, {{Reign|1684|1647|era=BC}} ([[Middle chronology]])
*[[Ammi-Saduqa]], King of Babylonia, {{Reign|1647|1626|era=BC}} ([[Middle chronology]])
*[[Tang of Shang|Tang]], [[Shang dynasty]] king of China, {{Reign|1675|1646|era=BC}}
*[[Da Ding of Shang|Tài Dīng]], [[Shang dynasty]] king of China, {{Reign|1646|1644|era=BC}}
*[[Bu Bing]], [[Shang dynasty]] king of China, {{Reign|1644|1612|era=BC}}
*[[Salitis]], [[Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Fifteenth Dynasty]] pharaoh of Egypt, {{Reign}} {{Circa}} 1648–1628 BC
*[[Djehuti]], [[Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Sixteenth Dynasty]] pharaoh of Egypt, {{Reign}} {{Circa}} 1650–1647 BC
*[[Sobekhotep VIII]], [[Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Sixteenth Dynasty]] pharaoh of Egypt, {{Reign}} {{Circa}} 1647–1631 BC
*Kuk-Nashur II, King of Elam, {{Reign}} {{Circa}} 1650–1635 BC<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shahmiri|first1=Cyrus|title=The Elamite Empire|url=http://www.allempires.com/article/index.php?q=The_Elamite_Empire|website=www.allempires.com|publisher=All Empires|access-date=11 January 2016|date=2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183906/http://www.allempires.com/article/index.php?q=The_Elamite_Empire|archive-date=27 September 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Hattusili I]], King of the [[Hittites]], {{Reign}} {{Circa}} 1650–1620 BC ([[middle chronology]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Information about the Hittites - Hittite King List |url=http://www.hittites.info/hittiteKingList.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718164637/http://www.hittites.info/hittiteKingList.aspx |archive-date=2011-07-18 |url-status=live |access-date=2009-07-17 }}</ref>
*Kashtiliash II, King of the [[Kassites]], {{Reign|1650|1640|era=BC}}
*Urzigurumash, King of the [[Kassites]], {{Reign|1640|1630|era=BC}}
*Ishkibal, [[List of Kings of Babylon#Sealand Dynasty .28Dynasty II of Babylon.29|King of the Sealand]], {{Reign|1657|1642|era=BC}}
*Shushshi, [[List of Kings of Babylon#Sealand Dynasty .28Dynasty II of Babylon.29|King of the Sealand]], {{Reign|1642|1618|era=BC}}
==References==
{{reflist}}<br />
[[Category:17th century BC| ]]
| 1,235,314,320 |
[]
| false |
# 187 Strassenbande
187 Strassenbande (German for "187 streetgang") is a German hip hop and urban music formation joining a great number of German rappers mostly based in Hamburg formed in 2006. It is made up of Gzuz, Bonez MC, Maxwell, LX and Sa4, taggers and graffiti artists Frost, Gel and Track and producer Jambeatz and Lukas H and 95a. Other members included AchtVier, Hasuna and Mosh36 who left for various reasons between 2013 and 2015. The formation is considered to be a part of the gangsta rap movement in Germany.
## Career
The group was established by Bonez MC and Frost releasing their rap work Deep Cover. Starting initially as a hip hop graffiti crew, it developed into a street band as a collaboration between many rappers mainly from Hamburg. After self-released independent releases, Bonez MC's album Krampfthaft Kriminell charted on the German albums chart in 2012. The same year the Berlin-based Mosh36 joined. Gzuz, a rapper in the band was jailed for three years and six months for predatory theft, prompting the band to organize the Free Gzuz Tour. In 2014, AchtVier left the band. The same year the album High & Hungrig by band members Gzuz and Bonez MC made it to the Top 10 of albums on the German chart. In 2015, Maxwell and LX released their joint Obststand.
Because of their popularity, band has accompanied the group Wu-Tang Clan in their German tour in 2015. The same year, Gzuz released his solo album Ebbe und Flut. In 2016, Bonez MC's album with rapper RAF Camora topped the German charts.
187 Strassenbande's 2017 release Sampler 4 has topped the German, Austrian and Swiss Albums Charts.
## Discography
### Samplers
| Year | Title | Chart | Chart | Chart |
| Year | Title | GER | AUT | SWI |
| ---- | ----------------- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| 2009 | 187 Strassenbande | — | — | — |
| 2011 | Der Sampler II | — | — | — |
| 2015 | Der Sampler III | 2 | 16 | 18 |
| 2017 | Sampler 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2021 | Sampler 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
### EPs
| Year | Title | Chart | Chart | Chart |
| Year | Title | GER | AUT | SWI |
| ---- | --------------- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| 2016 | 187 Allstars EP | 52 | 52 | 23 |
### Singles
| Year | Title | Chart | Chart | Chart | Album |
| Year | Title | GER | AUT | SWI | Album |
| ---- | ------------------------------------- | ----- | ----- | ----- | --------- |
| 2017 | "Mit den Jungz" (Gzuz, Bonez MC & LX) | 11 | 45 | 62 | Sampler 4 |
| 2017 | "Millionär" (Bonez MC, Gzuz) | 2 | 29 | 32 | Sampler 4 |
### Other charted songs
| Year | Title | Chart | Chart | Album |
| Year | Title | GER | AUT | Album |
| ---- | -------------------------------------------------- | ----- | ----- | --------- |
| 2017 | "High Life" (Bonez MC, RAF Camora, Gzuz & Maxwell) | 30 | 67 | Sampler 4 |
| 2017 | "Sitzheizung" (Gzuz & Bonez MC) | 35 | – | Sampler 4 |
| 2017 | "100er Batzen" (Sa4, Gzuz, Bonez MC & LX) | 45 | – | Sampler 4 |
| 2017 | "Lächeln" (Bonez MC) | 53 | – | Sampler 4 |
| 2017 | "30er Zone" (LX, Sa4 & Maxwell) | 59 | – | Sampler 4 |
| 2017 | "24/7" (LX) | 60 | – | Sampler 4 |
| 2017 | "Zeit ist Geld" (Sa4, Bonez MC & Gzuz) | 61 | – | Sampler 4 |
| 2017 | "Was ist passiert?!" (Bonez MC, LX & Gzuz) | 72 | – | Sampler 4 |
| 2017 | "Meine Message" (Maxwell) | 75 | – | Sampler 4 |
| 2017 | "Intro" (LX, Sa4 & Maxwell) | 77 | – | Sampler 4 |
| 2017 | "Ballermann" (LX, Gzuz & Bonez MC) | 81 | – | Sampler 4 |
| 2017 | "10 Dinger" (LX & Maxwell) | 84 | – | Sampler 4 |
| 2017 | "International" (Sa4) | 98 | – | Sampler 4 |
### Bonez MC
Bonez MC, real name John Lorenz Moser was born in Hamburg on 23 December 1985. In addition to membership in 187 Strassenbande, in 2012 he appeared on his own label Toprott Muzik with his solo album Krampfhaft kriminell followed in 2013 with the EP Kontra K. In 2014, he released his collaborative album with Gzuz titled High & hungrig. It rose to # 9 in the German charts and paved the way for commercial success and the follow-up High & hungrig 2 in 2016. It topped the German Albums Chart. His uncle plays guitar in the English band The Stranglers.
### Gzuz
Gzuz, real name Kristoffer Jonas Klauß also known as Gazo was born in Hamburg on 29 June 1988. His artistic name Gzuz comes from Ghetto-Zeug unzensiert. In October 2010, he was sentenced to three years and six months in prison for robbery theft. During his imprisonment, 187 Strassenbande completed a "Free Gzuz Tour" in 2012 and sold Gzuz merchandise, such as Free Gzuz T-shirts to support him financially while incarcerated. After his release in 2013 he took part in the tour and had big success in his collaboration with Bonez MC with the album High & hungrig in 2014 and High & hungrig 2 in 2016 with the latter topping the German Albums Chart. Between the two albums, on 9 October 2015 he released his solo album Ebbe & Flut with the album reaching number 2 in German Albums Chart.
Discography
| Year | Title | Chart | Chart | Chart |
| Year | Title | GER | AUT | SWI |
| ---- | -------------------------------- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| 2014 | High & hungrig (with Bonez MC) | 9 | 28 | 36 |
| 2015 | Ebbe & Flut (solo) | 1 | 8 | 7 |
| 2016 | High & hungrig 2 (with Bonez MC) | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| 2018 | Wolke 7 (solo) | 1 | 2 | 2 |
### Maxwell
Maxwell, real name Max Kwabena, was born in Hamburg on 23 March 1993 and grew up in Hamburg's Hohenfelde district. He spent a lot of time with Bonez MC and Gzuz initially but somehow relations cooled off. A few years later, he met Bonez MC again and was incorporated in 187 Strassenbande. He was included in two tracks in High & hungrig. Being close to LX, another member of 187 Strassenbande and in 2015 he released a collaborative album Obststand with LX making it to number 5 on the German Album Chart. Together with LX, he was nominated at the Echoverleihung awards in 2016 as "Best newcomer". On 24 March 2017 Maxwell released his debut album Kohldampf, a 3-CD album. It reached number 2 on the German Albums Chart.
Discography
| Year | Title | Chart | Chart | Chart |
| Year | Title | GER | AUT | SWI |
| ---- | ------------------- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| 2015 | Obststand (with LX) | 5 | 36 | 12 |
| 2017 | Kohldampf (solo) | 2 | 3 | 10 |
### LX
LX was born as Alexander Hutzler in Hamburg on 3 September 1986. He had a very difficult childhood growing up in Hamburger Plattenbauten. He started rapping in 2006 eventually joining 187 Strassenbande debuting with the third sampler of the group after being picked by Bonez MC. His pseudonym LX is a stylization of his real name Alex. He was close to Maxwell another member of 187 Strassenbande and in 2015 he released a collaborative album Obststand with Maxwell making it to number 5 on the German Album Chart. Less than a month after the release of the album, LX was arrested and charged with several violent crimes and sentenced to 22 months in prison, before being released after serving only a part of his jail sentence. Together with Maxwell, he was nominated at the Echoverleihung awards in 2016 as "Best newcomer". However he could not attend the celebrations because he did not get a clearance for the event.
Discography
| Year | Title | Chart | Chart | Chart |
| Year | Title | GER | AUT | SWI |
| ---- | ------------------------ | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| 2015 | Obststand (with Maxwell) | 5 | 36 | 12 |
### Sa4
Sa4 was born as Anton Kolja Pehrs in Hamburg. He met Bonez MC while on the label Jentown Crhyme. 187 Strassenbande was more like a graffiti crew at the time. In 2009 Sa4 released his mixtape Undercover. In 2016, he released the Nebensache EP, which was part of the box set of the album High & Hungrig 2 by Bonez MC and Gzuz. His EP was made available as a stand-alone EP in January 2017 for downloads. Sa4 was represented on all four samplers of the 187 Strassenbande with several contributions. On 10 November 2017, he released his debut solo album Neue Deutsche Quelle that made it to number 3 on the German Albums Chart. Like most member outputs of 187 Strassenbande, his style is gangsta rap and street rap talking about crime on Hamburg streets.
Discography
Albums
| Year | Title | Chart | Chart | Chart |
| Year | Title | GER | AUT | SWI |
| ---- | -------------------- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| 2017 | Neue deutsche Quelle | 3 | 2 | 23 |
EPs
| Year | Title | Chart | Chart | Chart |
| Year | Title | GER | AUT | SWI |
| ---- | ---------- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| 2009 | Undercover | – | – | – |
Singles
| Year | Title | Chart | Chart | Chart | Album |
| Year | Title | GER | AUT | SWI | Album |
| ---- | --------------------------------------------------- | ----- | ----- | ----- | -------------------- |
| 2017 | "Schnell machen" | 11 | 25 | 36 | Neue deutsche Quelle |
| 2017 | "Rush Hour" | 59 | – | – | Neue deutsche Quelle |
| 2017 | "Allstars" (Sa4 feat. Maxwell, Gzuz, LX & Bonez MC) | 15 | 40 | 61 | Neue deutsche Quelle |
Featured in
| Year | Title | Chart | Chart | Chart |
| Year | Title | GER | AUT | SWI |
| ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| 2019 | "HaifischNikez Allstars" (LX & Maxwell feat. Bonez MC, Gzuz & Sa4) | 3 | 5 | 9 |
## Former members
### AchtVier
AchtVier, real name Timo Molloisch, was born on 26 October 1984. He left the band in 2014. AchtVier was keen on following a solo career after his first solo album Aufstand in 2011. In 2013 he released his second album Wohlstand in 2013 making it to the Top 20 in the German Albums Chart. He announced his separation from the band on 14 June 2014. He has continued to release further solo album and in 2016 AchtVier founded his own record label Steuerfrei Money signing Hamburg rapper TaiMo.
| Year | Title | Chart | Chart | Chart |
| Year | Title | GER | AUT | SWI |
| ---- | ----------------- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| 2013 | Aufstand | 39 | – | – |
| 2014 | Wohlstand | 19 | 78 | – |
| 2015 | Molotov | 16 | 61 | 48 |
| 2016 | 50/50 (with Said) | 29 | – | – |
| 2017 | Mr. F | 21 | 63 | 84 |
### Hasuna
Hussain M. (Hasuna) was born in 1991 (or 1992) and comes from Lebanon. He entered 187 Strassenbande in 2010. A few months later, in 2011, he was imprisoned for about three years due to attack with a knife. He got kicked out of the gang in 2015 because of attempted murder against one of the gang members.
### Mosh36
Mosh 36, real name Shervin Rahmani, is a rapper with Iranian roots and was born in Berlin-Spandau on 25 December 1987 before moving to Hamburg in 2008. While in 187 Strassenbande, he pursued a solo career and in 2010 together with rapper Said, he had his first EP Jib followed two years later by the debut album Moshroom. In autumn of 2013, Mosh36 released his mixtape BZ (standing for Berlins Zukunft). He left the band in 2013. His third album Unikat and his first after leaving 187 Strassenbande released in 2015 reached number 7 on the German Albums Chart. On 15 December 2016, it was announced that Mosh36 had signed on PA Sports label Life is Pain and will release his music from there.
Discography
| Year | Title | Chart | Chart | Chart |
| Year | Title | GER | AUT | SWI |
| ---- | ------------------------ | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| 2010 | Jib Ihm (EP) (with Said) | – | – | – |
| 2013 | BZ (mixtape) | 38 | – | 95 |
| 2013 | Unikat | 7 | 32 | 22 |
| 2015 | Unikat | 7 | 32 | 22 |
| 2015 | Lucky No.7 (EP) | 28 | 72 | 41 |
| 2016 | Rapbeduine | 18 | 61 | 43 |
| 2017 | DZ | 25 | 73 | 65 |
|
enwiki/55308795
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| 55,308,795 |
187 Strassenbande
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/187_Strassenbande
|
2024-12-13T13:52:50Z
|
en
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Q19833921
| 109,656 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Short description|German hip hop group}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = 187 Strassenbande
| image = Gzuz und Bonez MC - Pusher Apparel.jpg
| caption = Gzuz (left) and Bonez MC, major members of 187 Strassenbande
| image_upright = 1.25
| alias =
| origin = [[Hamburg]], Germany
| genre = {{hlist|[[Gangsta rap]]|[[Trap music|trap]]}}
| years_active = 2006–present
| label =
| website = {{URL|187-strassenbande.de}}
| current_members = [[Bonez MC]] <small>(rapper)</small> <br />[[Gzuz]] <small>(rapper)</small> <br /> LX <small>(rapper)</small> <br /> Maxwell <small>(rapper)</small> <br /> Sa4 <small>(rapper)</small> <br /> Jambeatz <small>(producer)</small>
| past_members = AchtVier <small>(rapper, until 2013)</small> <br /> Mosh36 <small>(rapper, until 2013)</small> <br /> Hasuna <small>(rapper, until 2015)</small>
}}
'''187 Strassenbande''' (German for "187 streetgang") is a German hip hop and [[urban music]] formation joining a great number of German rappers mostly based in [[Hamburg]] formed in 2006. It is made up of [[Gzuz]], [[Bonez MC]], Maxwell, LX and Sa4, taggers and graffiti artists Frost, Gel and Track and producer Jambeatz and Lukas H and 95a. Other members included AchtVier, Hasuna and Mosh36 who left for various reasons between 2013 and 2015. The formation is considered to be a part of the [[gangsta rap]] movement in Germany.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}
== Career ==
The group was established by Bonez MC and Frost releasing their rap work Deep Cover. Starting initially as a hip hop graffiti crew, it developed into a street band as a collaboration between many rappers mainly from Hamburg. After self-released independent releases, Bonez MC's album ''Krampfthaft Kriminell'' charted on the German albums chart in 2012. The same year the Berlin-based Mosh36 joined. Gzuz, a rapper in the band was jailed for three years and six months for predatory theft, prompting the band to organize the Free Gzuz Tour. In 2014, AchtVier left the band. The same year the album ''High & Hungrig'' by band members Gzuz and Bonez MC made it to the Top 10 of albums on the German chart. In 2015, Maxwell and LX released their joint ''Obststand''.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}
Because of their popularity, band has accompanied the group [[Wu-Tang Clan]] in their German tour in 2015. The same year, Gzuz released his solo album ''Ebbe und Flut''. In 2016, Bonez MC's album with rapper [[RAF Camora]] topped the German charts.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}
187 Strassenbande's 2017 release ''Sampler 4'' has topped the German, Austrian and Swiss Albums Charts.
== Discography ==
=== Samplers ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="28" rowspan="2"| Year
! width="187" rowspan="2"| Title
! colspan="3"| Chart
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref name="aut">{{cite web | url=http://austriancharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=187+Strassenbande | title=187 Strassenbande discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=austriancharts.at |accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br /><ref name="swi">{{cite web | url=http://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=187+Strassenbande | title=187 Strassenbande discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=hitparade.ch |accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2009
| ''187 Strassenbande''
| align="center"| —
| align="center"| —
| align="center"| —
|-
| 2011
| ''Der Sampler II''
| align="center"| —
| align="center"| —
| align="center"| —
|-
| 2015
| ''Der Sampler III''
| align="center"| 2
| align="center"| 16
| align="center"| 18
|-
| 2017
| ''Sampler 4''
| align="center"| 1
| align="center"| 1
| align="center"| 1
|-
| 2021
| ''Sampler 5''
| align="center"| 1
| align="center"| 1
| align="center"| 1
|}
=== EPs ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="28" rowspan="2"| Year
! width="187" rowspan="2"| Title
! colspan="3"| Chart
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref name="aut" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br /><ref name="swi" />
|-
| 2016
| ''187 Allstars EP''
| align="center"| 52
| align="center"| 52
| align="center"| 23
|-
|}
=== Singles ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="28" rowspan="2"| Year
! width="240" rowspan="2"| Title
! colspan="3"| Chart
! width="100" rowspan="2"| Album
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref name="aut" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br /><ref name="swi" />
|-
| rowspan=2|2017
| "Mit den Jungz" <br /><small>([[Gzuz]], Bonez MC & LX)</small>
| align="center"| 11
| align="center"| 45
| align="center"| 62
| align="center" rowspan=2| ''Sampler 4''
|-
| "Millionär" <br /><small>(Bonez MC, Gzuz)</small>
| align="center"| 2
| align="center"| 29
| align="center"| 32
|-
|}
=== Other charted songs ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="28" rowspan="2"| Year
! width="240" rowspan="2"| Title
! colspan="2"| Chart
! width="100" rowspan="2"| Album
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref name="aut" />
|-
| rowspan=13|2017
| "High Life" <br /><small>(Bonez MC, [[RAF Camora]], [[Gzuz]] & Maxwell)</small>
| align="center"| 30
| align="center"| 67
| align="center" rowspan=13 |''Sampler 4''
|-
| "Sitzheizung" <br /><small>(Gzuz & Bonez MC)</small>
| align="center"| 35
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| "100er Batzen" <br /><small>(Sa4, Gzuz, Bonez MC & LX)</small>
| align="center"| 45
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| "Lächeln" <br /><small>(Bonez MC)</small>
| align="center"| 53
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| "30er Zone" <br /><small>(LX, Sa4 & Maxwell)</small>
| align="center"| 59
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| "24/7" <br /><small>(LX)</small>
| align="center"| 60
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| "Zeit ist Geld" <br /><small>(Sa4, Bonez MC & Gzuz)</small>
| align="center"| 61
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| "Was ist passiert?!" <br /><small>(Bonez MC, LX & Gzuz)</small>
| align="center"| 72
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| "Meine Message" <br /><small>(Maxwell)</small>
| align="center"| 75
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| "Intro" <br /><small>(LX, Sa4 & Maxwell)</small>
| align="center"| 77
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| "Ballermann" <br /><small>(LX, Gzuz & Bonez MC)</small>
| align="center"| 81
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| "10 Dinger" <br /><small>(LX & Maxwell)</small>
| align="center"| 84
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| "International" <br /><small>(Sa4)</small>
| align="center"| 98
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
|}
=== Bonez MC ===
{{Main|Bonez MC|Bonez MC discography}}
Bonez MC, real name John Lorenz Moser was born in Hamburg on 23 December 1985. In addition to membership in 187 Strassenbande, in 2012 he appeared on his own label Toprott Muzik with his solo album ''Krampfhaft kriminell'' followed in 2013 with the EP ''Kontra K''. In 2014, he released his collaborative album with Gzuz titled ''High & hungrig''. It rose to # 9 in the German charts and paved the way for commercial success and the follow-up ''High & hungrig 2'' in 2016. It topped the German Albums Chart. His uncle plays guitar in the English band The Stranglers.
=== Gzuz ===
{{Main|Gzuz}}
Gzuz, real name Kristoffer Jonas Klauß also known as Gazo was born in Hamburg on 29 June 1988. His artistic name Gzuz comes from '''''G'''hetto-'''Z'''eug '''u'''n'''z'''ensiert''. In October 2010, he was sentenced to three years and six months in prison for robbery theft. During his imprisonment, 187 Strassenbande completed a "Free Gzuz Tour" in 2012 and sold Gzuz merchandise, such as Free Gzuz T-shirts to support him financially while incarcerated. After his release in 2013 he took part in the tour and had big success in his collaboration with Bonez MC with the album ''High & hungrig'' in 2014 and ''High & hungrig 2'' in 2016 with the latter topping the German Albums Chart. Between the two albums, on 9 October 2015 he released his solo album ''Ebbe & Flut'' with the album reaching number 2 in German Albums Chart.
'''Discography'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="28" rowspan="2"| Year
! width="187" rowspan="2"| Title
! colspan="3"| Chart
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref name="aut-gzuz">{{cite web | url=http://austriancharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Gzuz | title=Gzuz discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=austriancharts.at |accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br /><ref name="swi-gzuz">{{cite web | url=http://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Gzuz | title=Gzuz discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=hitparade.ch |accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''High & hungrig''<br /><small>(with Bonez MC)</small>
| align="center"| 9
| align="center"| 28
| align="center"| 36
|-
| 2015
| ''Ebbe & Flut''<br /><small>(solo)</small>
| align="center"| 1
| align="center"| 8
| align="center"| 7
|-
| 2016
| ''High & hungrig 2''<br /><small>(with Bonez MC)</small>
| align="center"| 1
| align="center"| 2
| align="center"| 2
|-
| 2018
| ''Wolke 7''<br /><small>(solo)</small>
| align="center"| 1
| align="center"| 2
| align="center"| 2
|-
|}
=== Maxwell ===
Maxwell, real name Max Kwabena, was born in Hamburg on 23 March 1993 and grew up in Hamburg's Hohenfelde district. He spent a lot of time with Bonez MC and Gzuz initially but somehow relations cooled off. A few years later, he met Bonez MC again and was incorporated in 187 Strassenbande. He was included in two tracks in ''High & hungrig''. Being close to LX, another member of 187 Strassenbande and in 2015 he released a collaborative album ''Obststand'' with LX making it to number 5 on the German Album Chart. Together with LX, he was nominated at the Echoverleihung awards in 2016 as "Best newcomer". On 24 March 2017 Maxwell released his debut album ''Kohldampf'', a 3-CD album. It reached number 2 on the German Albums Chart.
'''Discography'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="28" rowspan="2"| Year
! width="187" rowspan="2"| Title
! colspan="3"| Chart
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref name="aut-maxwell">{{cite web | url=http://austriancharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Maxwell | title=Maxwell discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=austriancharts.at |accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br /><ref name="swi-maxwell">{{cite web | url=http://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Maxwell | title=Maxwell discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=hitparade.ch |accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| ''Obststand''<br /><small>(with LX)</small>
| align="center"| 5
| align="center"| 36
| align="center"| 12
|-
| 2017
| ''Kohldampf''<br /><small>(solo)</small>
| align="center"| 2
| align="center"| 3
| align="center"| 10
|-
|}
=== LX ===
LX was born as Alexander Hutzler in Hamburg on 3 September 1986. He had a very difficult childhood growing up in Hamburger Plattenbauten. He started rapping in 2006 eventually joining 187 Strassenbande debuting with the third sampler of the group after being picked by Bonez MC. His pseudonym LX is a stylization of his real name Alex. He was close to Maxwell another member of 187 Strassenbande and in 2015 he released a collaborative album ''Obststand'' with Maxwell making it to number 5 on the German Album Chart. Less than a month after the release of the album, LX was arrested and charged with several violent crimes and sentenced to 22 months in prison, before being released after serving only a part of his jail sentence. Together with Maxwell, he was nominated at the Echoverleihung awards in 2016 as "Best newcomer". However he could not attend the celebrations because he did not get a clearance for the event.
'''Discography'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="28" rowspan="2"| Year
! width="187" rowspan="2"| Title
! colspan="3"| Chart
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref name="aut-LX">{{cite web | url=http://austriancharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=LX | title=LX discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=austriancharts.at |accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br /><ref name="swi-LX">{{cite web | url=http://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=LX | title=LX discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=hitparade.ch |accessdate=20 September 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| ''Obststand''<br /><small>(with Maxwell)</small>
| align="center"| 5
| align="center"| 36
| align="center"| 12
|-
|}
=== Sa4 ===
Sa4 was born as Anton Kolja Pehrs in Hamburg. He met Bonez MC while on the label Jentown Crhyme. 187 Strassenbande was more like a graffiti crew at the time. In 2009 Sa4 released his mixtape ''Undercover''. In 2016, he released the Nebensache EP, which was part of the box set of the album ''High & Hungrig 2'' by Bonez MC and Gzuz. His EP was made available as a stand-alone EP in January 2017 for downloads. Sa4 was represented on all four samplers of the 187 Strassenbande with several contributions. On 10 November 2017, he released his debut solo album ''Neue Deutsche Quelle'' that made it to number 3 on the German Albums Chart. Like most member outputs of 187 Strassenbande, his style is gangsta rap and street rap talking about crime on Hamburg streets.
'''Discography'''
<br />
<small>'''Albums'''</small>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="28" rowspan="2"| Year
! width="187" rowspan="2"| Title
! colspan="3"| Chart
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref name="aut-sa4">{{cite web | url=http://austriancharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=sa4 | title=Sa4 discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=austriancharts.at |accessdate=3 December 2017}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br /><ref name="swi-sa4">{{cite web | url=http://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=sa4 | title=Sa4 discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=hitparade.ch |accessdate=3 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| ''Neue deutsche Quelle''
| align="center"| 3
| align="center"| 2
| align="center"| 23
|-
|}
<small>'''EPs'''</small>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="28" rowspan="2"| Year
! width="187" rowspan="2"| Title
! colspan="3"| Chart
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref name="aut-sa4" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br /><ref name="swi-sa4" />
|-
| 2009
| ''Undercover''
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
|}
<small>'''Singles'''</small>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="28" rowspan="2"| Year
! width="240" rowspan="2"| Title
! colspan="3"| Chart
! width="187" rowspan="2"| Album
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref name="aut-sa4" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br /><ref name="swi-sa4" />
|-
| rowspan=3|2017
| "Schnell machen"
| align="center"| 11
| align="center"| 25
| align="center"| 36
| align="center" rowspan=3| ''Neue deutsche Quelle''
|-
| "Rush Hour"
| align="center"| 59
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| "Allstars"<br /><small>(Sa4 feat. Maxwell, Gzuz, LX & Bonez MC)</small>
| align="center"| 15
| align="center"| 40
| align="center"| 61
|-
|}
<small>'''Featured in'''</small>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="28" rowspan="2"| Year
! width="187" rowspan="2"| Title
! colspan="3"| Chart
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref name="aut-sa4" />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br /><ref name="swi-sa4" />
|-
| 2019
| "HaifischNikez Allstars"<br /><small>(LX & Maxwell feat. Bonez MC, Gzuz & Sa4)</small>
| align="center"| 3
| align="center"| 5
| align="center"| 9
|-
|}
== Former members ==
=== AchtVier ===
AchtVier, real name Timo Molloisch, was born on 26 October 1984. He left the band in 2014. AchtVier was keen on following a solo career after his first solo album ''Aufstand'' in 2011.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} In 2013 he released his second album ''Wohlstand'' in 2013 making it to the Top 20 in the German Albums Chart. He announced his separation from the band on 14 June 2014. He has continued to release further solo album and in 2016 AchtVier founded his own record label Steuerfrei Money signing Hamburg rapper TaiMo.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="28" rowspan="2"| Year
! width="187" rowspan="2"| Title
! colspan="3"| Chart
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref name="aut-achtvier">{{cite web | url=http://austriancharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=AchtVier | title=Sa4 discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=austriancharts.at |accessdate=3 December 2017}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br /><ref name="swi-achtvier">{{cite web | url=http://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=AchtVier | title=AchtVier discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=hitparade.ch |accessdate=3 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
| ''Aufstand''
| align="center"| 39
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| 2014
| ''Wohlstand''
| align="center"| 19
| align="center"| 78
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| 2015
| ''Molotov''
| align="center"| 16
| align="center"| 61
| align="center"| 48
|-
| 2016
| ''50/50''<br /><small>(with Said)</small>
| align="center"| 29
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| 2017
| ''Mr. F''
| align="center"| 21
| align="center"| 63
| align="center"| 84
|-
|}
=== Hasuna ===
Hussain M. (Hasuna) was born in 1991 (or 1992) and comes from Lebanon. He entered 187 Strassenbande in 2010.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} A few months later, in 2011, he was imprisoned for about three years due to attack with a knife. He got kicked out of the gang in 2015 because of attempted murder against one of the gang members.
=== Mosh36 ===
Mosh 36, real name Shervin Rahmani, is a rapper with [[Iran]]ian roots and was born in [[Spandau|Berlin-Spandau]] on 25 December 1987 before moving to Hamburg in 2008. While in 187 Strassenbande, he pursued a solo career and in 2010 together with rapper Said, he had his first EP ''Jib'' followed two years later by the debut album ''Moshroom''. In autumn of 2013, Mosh36 released his mixtape ''BZ'' (standing for Berlins Zukunft). He left the band in 2013.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} His third album ''Unikat'' and his first after leaving 187 Strassenbande released in 2015 reached number 7 on the German Albums Chart. On 15 December 2016, it was announced that Mosh36 had signed on PA Sports label Life is Pain and will release his music from there.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}
'''Discography'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="28" rowspan="2"| Year
! width="187" rowspan="2"| Title
! colspan="3"| Chart
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[GfK Entertainment Charts|GER]]<br />
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Ö3 Austria Top 40|AUT]]<br /><ref name="aut-mosh36">{{cite web | url=http://austriancharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Mosh36 | title=Mosh36 discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=austriancharts.at |accessdate=3 December 2017}}</ref>
! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | [[Swiss Hitparade|SWI]]<br /><ref name="swi-mosh36">{{cite web | url=http://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Mosh36 | title=Mosh36 discography | publisher=Hung Medien | work=hitparade.ch |accessdate=3 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 2010
| ''Jib Ihm'' <small>(EP)</small><br /><small>(with Said)</small>
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
|-
| 2013
| ''BZ'' <small>(mixtape)</small>
| align="center"| 38
| align="center"| {{spaced ndash}}
| align="center"| 95
|-
| 2013
| ''Unikat''
| align="center"| 7
| align="center"| 32
| align="center"| 22
|-
| rowspan=2|2015
| ''Unikat''
| align="center"| 7
| align="center"| 32
| align="center"| 22
|-
| ''Lucky No.7'' <small>(EP)</small>
| align="center"| 28
| align="center"| 72
| align="center"| 41
|-
| 2016
| ''Rapbeduine''
| align="center"| 18
| align="center"| 61
| align="center"| 43
|-
| 2017
| ''DZ''
| align="center"| 25
| align="center"| 73
| align="center"| 65
|-
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
*{{cci}}
*{{Official website|http://187-strassenbande.de/}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:German hip-hop groups]]
[[Category:Gangsta rap groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 2006]]
| 1,262,866,040 |
[{"title": "Background information", "data": {"Origin": "Hamburg, Germany", "Genres": "Gangsta rap trap", "Years active": "2006\u2013present"}}, {"title": "187 Strassenbande", "data": {"Members": "Bonez MC (rapper) \u00b7 Gzuz (rapper) \u00b7 LX (rapper) \u00b7 Maxwell (rapper) \u00b7 Sa4 (rapper) \u00b7 Jambeatz (producer)"}}, {"title": "187 Strassenbande", "data": {"Past members": "AchtVier (rapper, until 2013) \u00b7 Mosh36 (rapper, until 2013) \u00b7 Hasuna (rapper, until 2015)"}}]
| false |
# 1910 Manitoba general election
The 1910 Manitoba general election was held on July 11, 1910 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada.
The result was a fourth consecutive majority government for the Conservative Party of Manitoba, led by premier Rodmond Roblin. Roblin's electoral machine won 28 seats, against 13 for the opposition Manitoba Liberal Party under new leader Tobias Norris.
The Manitoba Labour Party ran a single candidate: Fred Dixon, who was almost elected in Winnipeg Centre with unofficial support from the Liberal Party. Many believe that Dixon was defeated by the Socialist Party's decision to field a candidate against him. The Socialists ran two other candidates in Winnipeg, and both were defeated.
All the members were elected through First-past-the-post voting in single member districts. This was the last election to be conducted that way in Manitoba for 48 years. The next 11 elections involved the election of some MLAs in multi-member districts.
## Results
| Party | Party | Party Leader | # of candidates | Seats | Seats | Seats | Popular Vote | Popular Vote | Popular Vote |
| Party | Party | Party Leader | # of candidates | 1907 | Elected | % Change | # | % | % Change |
| ----- | ------------ | -------------- | --------------- | ----- | ------- | -------- | ------------ | ------------ | ------------ |
| | Conservative | Rodmond Roblin | | 28 | 28 | | 38046 | 50.7 | |
| | Liberal | Tobias Norris | | 13 | 13 | | 35353 | 47.1 | |
| | Labour | Labour | 1 | 0 | 0 | | 1939 | | |
| | Socialist | Socialist | | | 0 | | 1237 | 1.6 | |
| | Independent | Independent | | | 0 | | 287 | 0.4 | |
| Total | Total | Total | | 41 | 41 | | | 100 | |
| \| Popular vote \| Popular vote \| Popular vote \| Popular vote \| Popular vote \| \| ------------ \| ------------ \| ------------ \| ------------ \| ------------ \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Conservative \| Conservative \| \| 49.50% \| 49.50% \| \| Liberal \| Liberal \| \| 46.00% \| 46.00% \| \| Others \| Others \| \| 4.50% \| 4.50% \| | | | | |
| Popular vote | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Conservative | Conservative | | 49.50% | 49.50% |
| Liberal | Liberal | | 46.00% | 46.00% |
| Others | Others | | 4.50% | 4.50% |
| \| Seats summary \| Seats summary \| Seats summary \| Seats summary \| Seats summary \| \| ------------- \| ------------- \| ------------- \| ------------- \| ------------- \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Conservative \| Conservative \| \| 68.29% \| 68.29% \| \| Liberal \| Liberal \| \| 31.71% \| 31.71% \| | | | | |
| Seats summary | | | | |
| | | | | |
| Conservative | Conservative | | 68.29% | 68.29% |
| Liberal | Liberal | | 31.71% | 31.71% |
## Riding results
(incumbent) or boldface denotes incumbent.
Arthur:
- Amos Lyle (C) 777
- (incumbent)John Williams (L) 602
Assiniboia:
- (incumbent)Aime Benard (C) 924
- R.A. Bonnar (L[?]) 322
- John Colvin (Ind-L-Lab) 66
Avondale:
- (incumbent)James Argue (C) 708
- J. Madill (L) 626
Beautiful Plains:
- (incumbent)James H. Howden (C) accl.
Birtle:
- (incumbent)George Malcolm (L) 758
- E. Graham (C) 648
Brandon City:
- (incumbent)George Coldwell (C) 1402
- S.H. McKay (L) 1150
Carillon:
- (incumbent)Albert Prefontaine (C) 619
- Horace Chevrier (L) 544
Cypress:
- (incumbent)George Steel (C) 875
- F.H. Mitchell (L) 699
Dauphin:
- James G. Harvey (C) 1107
- (incumbent)John A. Campbell (L) 1054
Deloraine:
- John C.W. Reid (C) 743
- (incumbent)Robert S. Thornton (L) 737
Dufferin:
- (incumbent)Rodmond Roblin (C) 1267
- W.F. Osborne (L) 811
Emerson:
- David McFadden (C) 766
- (incumbent)George Walton (L) 757
Gilbert Plains:
- Sam Hughes (C) 970
- W. Shaw (L) 865
Gimli:
- Baldwin Baldwinson (C) 900
- Wilhelm Paulson (L) 450
- X.J. Solmundson (Ind) 287
Gladstone:
- (incumbent)James W. Armstrong (L) 957
- W. McKelvey (C) 777
Hamiota:
- (incumbent)William Ferguson (C) 848
- E. Henry (L) 751
Kildonan and St. Andrews:
- (incumbent)Orton Grain (C) 1131
- A.R. Bredin (L) 1043
Killarney:
- (incumbent)George Lawrence (C) 726
- G. Robinson (L) 519
Lakeside:
- Charles Duncan McPherson (L) 570
- (incumbent)Edwin D. Lynch (C) 502
Lansdowne:
- (incumbent)Tobias Norris (L) 1196
- W. Fenwick (C) 944
La Veredrye:
- William Molloy (L) 439
- (incumbent)Jean-Baptiste Lauzon (C) 430
Manitou:
- (incumbent)Robert Rogers (C) 1065
- J.E. Gayton (L) 610
Minnedosa:
- John Thompson (L) 971
- (incumbent)William B. Waddell (C) 937
Morden:
- (incumbent)Benjamin McConnell (L) 630
- J.A. Hobbs (C) 586
Morris:
- (incumbent)Colin Campbell (C) 746
- R.L. Ross (L) 573
Mountain:
- (incumbent)James Bryson Baird (L) 1086
- E.L. Taylor (C) 804
Norfolk:
- (incumbent)Robert Lyons (C) 822
- Frank Avery (L) 647
Portage la Prairie:
- (incumbent)Hugh Armstrong (C) 912
- Ewan McPherson (L) 711
Rhineland:
- (incumbent)Valentine Winkler (L) 520
- Hugh McGavin (C) 387
Rockwood:
- (incumbent)Isaac Riley (C) 792
- Ira Stratton (L) 738
Russell:
- (incumbent)Angus Bonnycastle (C) 900
- W.V. Valens (L) 892
South Brandon:
- (incumbent)Alfred Carroll (C) 535
- E.H. Dewart (L) 525
Springfield:
- (incumbent)Donald A. Ross (L) 807
- C.P. Fullerton (C) 661
Swan River:
- Daniel D. McDonald (L) 465
- (incumbent)James W. Robson (C) 436
St. Boniface:
- (incumbent)Joseph Bernier (C) 1022
- A. Dubuc (L) 760
Turtle Mountain:
- (incumbent)James Johnson (C) 742
- W. Hanley (L) 580
Virden:
- (incumbent)Harvey Simpson (C) 985
- D. McDonald (L) 800
Winnipeg Centre:
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| ----------------- | ----------------- | ------------------------ | ----- | ------- | -- |
| | Conservative | (incumbent)Thomas Taylor | 2,012 | 49.68% | |
| | Labour | Fred Dixon | 1,939 | 47.88% | |
| | Socialist | W.S. Cummings | 99 | 2.44% | |
| Total valid votes | Total valid votes | Total valid votes | 4,050 | 100.00% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | | 76.4% | |
Winnipeg North:
- Solomon Hart Green (L) 2175
- (incumbent)John F. Mitchell (C) 1555
- Ed. Fulcher (SPC) 892
Winnipeg South:
- Lendrum McMeans (C) 2545
- Edward Brown (L) 2496
Winnipeg West:
- (incumbent)Thomas Herman Johnson (L) 2578
- A.J. Andrews (C) 2538
- George Armstrong (SPC) 246
## Post-election changes
Russell (res. Angus Bonnycastle, 1911), February 4, 1911:
- Frederic Newton (C) 916
- William Valens (L) 651
Killarney (George Lawrence appointed to cabinet, October 11, 1911), October 23, 1911:
- George Lawrence (C) accl.
Manitou (res. Robert Rogers, October 10, 1911), October 31, 1911:
- James Morrow (C) accl.
The Pas (new constituency), October 12, 1912:
- Robert Orok (C) accl.
Gimli (res. Baldwin Baldwinson, 1913), May 12, 1913:
- Edmund Taylor (C) 1674
- A. Eggerston (L) 832
St. Boniface (Joseph Bernier appointed to cabinet, 1913), May 22, 1913:
- Joseph Bernier (C) accl.
Kildonan and St. Andrews (res. Orton Grain, 1913), November 29, 1913:
- Walter Humphries Montague (C) 1123
- A.N. Bredin (L) 753
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1910 Manitoba general election
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910_Manitoba_general_election
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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
The '''1910 Manitoba general election''' was held on July 11, 1910 to elect members of the [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba|Legislative Assembly]] of the Province of [[Manitoba]], Canada.
The result was a fourth consecutive majority government for the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba|Conservative Party of Manitoba]], led by [[Premier of Manitoba|premier]] [[Rodmond Roblin]]. Roblin's electoral machine won 28 seats, against 13 for the opposition [[Manitoba Liberal Party]] under new leader [[Tobias Norris]].
The [[Manitoba Labour Party]] ran a single candidate: [[Fred Dixon (politician)|Fred Dixon]], who was almost elected in [[Winnipeg Centre (Manitoba riding)|Winnipeg Centre]] with unofficial support from the Liberal Party. Many believe {{Who|date=February 2012}} that Dixon was defeated by the [[Socialist Party of Canada (in Manitoba)|Socialist Party]]'s decision to field a candidate against him. The Socialists ran two other candidates in Winnipeg, and both were defeated.
All the members were elected through [[First-past-the-post voting]] in single member districts. This was the last election to be conducted that way in Manitoba for 48 years. The next 11 elections involved the election of some MLAs in multi-member districts.<ref>Parliamentary Guides</ref>
==Results==
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan=2 colspan=2|Party
!rowspan=2|Party Leader
!rowspan=2|# of<br />candidates
!colspan=3|Seats
!colspan=3|Popular Vote
|-
![[1907 Manitoba general election|1907]]
!Elected
!% Change
!#
!%
!% Change
{{Canadian party colour|MB|Conservative (historical)|row}}
| [[Conservative Party of Manitoba|Conservative]]
|align="center"| [[Rodmond Roblin]]
|align="right"|
|align="right"| '''28'''
|align="right"| '''28'''
|align="right"|
|align="right"|'''38046'''
|align="right"|'''50.7'''
|align="right"|
{{Canadian party colour|MB|Liberal|row}}
| [[Manitoba Liberal Party|Liberal]]
|align="center"| [[Tobias Norris]]
|align="right"|
|align="right"| '''13'''
|align="right"| '''13'''
|align="right"|
|align="right"|'''35353'''
|align="right"|'''47.1'''
|align="right"|
{{Canadian party colour|MB|Labour|row}}
| colspan=2|[[Manitoba Labour Party|Labour]]
|align="right"| 1
|align="right"| '''0'''
|align="right"| '''0'''
|align="right"|
|align="right"|'''1939'''
|align="right"|
|align="right"|
|-
{{Canadian party colour|MB|Socialist|row}}
| colspan=2|[[Socialist Party of Canada (in Manitoba)|Socialist]]
|align="right"|
|align="right"|
|align="right"| '''0'''
|align="right"|
|align="right"|'''1237'''
|align="right"|'''1.6'''
|align="right"|
|-
{{Canadian party colour|MB|Independent|row}}
| colspan=2|Independent
|align="right"|
|align="right"|
|align="right"| '''0'''
|align="right"|
|align="right"|'''287'''
|align="right"|'''0.4'''
|align="right"|
|-
|colspan=3| '''Total'''
|align="right"|
|align="right"| '''41'''
|align="right"| '''41'''
|align="right"|
|align="right"|
|align="right"|'''100'''
|align="right"|
|}
{{Bar box|title=Popular vote|titlebar=#ddd|width=600px|barwidth=410px|bars={{Bar percent|Conservative|{{Canadian party colour|MB|PC}}|49.50}}
{{Bar percent|Liberal|{{Canadian party colour|MB|Liberal}}|46.00}}
{{Bar percent|Others|{{Canadian party colour|MB|Independent}}|4.50}}}}{{Bar box|title=Seats summary|titlebar=#ddd|width=600px|barwidth=410px|bars={{Bar percent|Conservative|{{Canadian party colour|MB|PC}}|68.29}}
{{Bar percent|Liberal|{{Canadian party colour|MB|Liberal}}|31.71}}}}
== Riding results ==
(incumbent) or boldface denotes incumbent.
[[Arthur (Manitoba riding)|Arthur]]:
*[[Amos Lyle]] (C) 777
*(incumbent)[[John Williams (Manitoba politician)|John Williams]] (L) 602
[[Assiniboia (provincial electoral district)|Assiniboia]]:
*(incumbent)[[Aime Benard]] (C) 924
*R.A. Bonnar (L[?]) 322
*John Colvin (Ind-L-Lab) 66
[[Avondale (Manitoba riding)|Avondale]]:
*(incumbent)[[James Argue]] (C) 708
*J. Madill (L) 626
[[Beautiful Plains (Manitoba riding)|Beautiful Plains]]:
*(incumbent)[[James H. Howden]] (C) accl.
[[Birtle (Manitoba riding)|Birtle]]:
*(incumbent)[[George Malcolm (politician)|George Malcolm]] (L) 758
*E. Graham (C) 648
[[Brandon City (Manitoba riding)|Brandon City]]:
*(incumbent)[[George Coldwell]] (C) 1402
*S.H. McKay (L) 1150
[[Carillon (Manitoba riding)|Carillon]]:
*(incumbent)[[Albert Prefontaine]] (C) 619
*[[Horace Chevrier]] (L) 544
[[Cypress (Manitoba riding)|Cypress]]:
*(incumbent)[[George Steel (Manitoba politician)|George Steel]] (C) 875
*F.H. Mitchell (L) 699
[[Dauphin (Manitoba riding)|Dauphin]]:
*[[James G. Harvey]] (C) 1107
*(incumbent)[[John A. Campbell (Manitoba politician)|John A. Campbell]] (L) 1054
[[Deloraine (Manitoba riding)|Deloraine]]:
*[[John C.W. Reid]] (C) 743
*(incumbent)[[Robert S. Thornton]] (L) 737
[[Dufferin (Manitoba riding)|Dufferin]]:
*(incumbent)[[Rodmond Roblin]] (C) 1267
*W.F. Osborne (L) 811
[[Emerson (Manitoba riding)|Emerson]]:
*[[David McFadden (Manitoba politician)|David McFadden]] (C) 766
*(incumbent)[[George Walton (Manitoba politician)|George Walton]] (L) 757
[[Gilbert Plains (Manitoba riding)|Gilbert Plains]]:
*[[Sam Hughes (Manitoba politician)|Sam Hughes]] (C) 970
*W. Shaw (L) 865
[[Gimli (Manitoba riding)|Gimli]]:
*[[Baldwin Baldwinson]] (C) 900
*[[Wilhelm Paulson]] (L) 450
*X.J. Solmundson (Ind) 287
[[Gladstone (Manitoba riding)|Gladstone]]:
*(incumbent)[[James W. Armstrong]] (L) 957
*W. McKelvey (C) 777
[[Hamiota (Manitoba riding)|Hamiota]]:
*(incumbent)[[William Ferguson (Manitoba politician)|William Ferguson]] (C) 848
*E. Henry (L) 751
[[Kildonan and St. Andrews]]:
*(incumbent)[[Orton Grain]] (C) 1131
*A.R. Bredin (L) 1043
[[Killarney (Manitoba riding)|Killarney]]:
*(incumbent)[[George Lawrence (politician)|George Lawrence]] (C) 726
*G. Robinson (L) 519
[[Lakeside (Manitoba riding)|Lakeside]]:
*[[Charles Duncan McPherson]] (L) 570
*(incumbent)[[Edwin D. Lynch]] (C) 502
[[Lansdowne (Manitoba riding)|Lansdowne]]:
*(incumbent)[[Tobias Norris]] (L) 1196
*W. Fenwick (C) 944
[[La Verendrye (electoral district)|La Veredrye]]:
*[[William Molloy (Manitoba politician)|William Molloy]] (L) 439
*(incumbent)[[Jean-Baptiste Lauzon]] (C) 430
[[Manitou (Manitoba riding)|Manitou]]:
*(incumbent)[[Robert Rogers (Manitoba)|Robert Rogers]] (C) 1065
*J.E. Gayton (L) 610
[[Minnedosa (Manitoba riding)|Minnedosa]]:
*[[John Thompson (Manitoba Liberal politician)|John Thompson]] (L) 971
*(incumbent)[[William B. Waddell (Manitoba politician)|William B. Waddell]] (C) 937
[[Morden (electoral district)|Morden]]:
*(incumbent)[[Benjamin McConnell]] (L) 630
*J.A. Hobbs (C) 586
[[Morris (Manitoba riding)|Morris]]:
*(incumbent)[[Colin Campbell (Manitoba politician)|Colin Campbell]] (C) 746
*R.L. Ross (L) 573
[[Mountain (Manitoba riding)|Mountain]]:
*(incumbent)[[James Bryson Baird]] (L) 1086
*E.L. Taylor (C) 804
[[Norfolk (Manitoba riding)|Norfolk]]:
*(incumbent)[[Robert Lyons (Manitoba politician)|Robert Lyons]] (C) 822
*Frank Avery (L) 647
[[Portage la Prairie (provincial electoral district)|Portage la Prairie]]:
*(incumbent)[[Hugh Armstrong (politician)|Hugh Armstrong]] (C) 912
*[[Ewan McPherson]] (L) 711
[[Rhineland (Manitoba riding)|Rhineland]]:
*(incumbent)[[Valentine Winkler]] (L) 520
*[[Hugh McGavin]] (C) 387
[[Rockwood (Manitoba riding)|Rockwood]]:
*(incumbent)[[Isaac Riley]] (C) 792
*Ira Stratton (L) 738
[[Russell (Manitoba riding)|Russell]]:
*(incumbent)[[Angus Bonnycastle]] (C) 900
*W.V. Valens (L) 892
[[South Brandon (Manitoba riding)|South Brandon]]:
*(incumbent)[[Alfred Carroll]] (C) 535
*E.H. Dewart (L) 525
[[Springfield (Manitoba riding)|Springfield]]:
*(incumbent)[[Donald A. Ross]] (L) 807
*C.P. Fullerton (C) 661
[[Swan River (electoral district)|Swan River]]:
*[[Daniel D. McDonald]] (L) 465
*(incumbent)[[James W. Robson]] (C) 436
[[St. Boniface (provincial electoral district)|St. Boniface]]:
*(incumbent)[[Joseph Bernier]] (C) 1022
*A. Dubuc (L) 760
[[Turtle Mountain (electoral district)|Turtle Mountain]]:
*(incumbent)[[James Johnson (Manitoba politician)|James Johnson]] (C) 742
*W. Hanley (L) 580
[[Virden (Manitoba riding)|Virden]]:
*(incumbent)[[Harvey Simpson]] (C) 985
*D. McDonald (L) 800
[[Winnipeg Centre (Manitoba riding)|Winnipeg Centre]]:
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2 style="width: 130px"|Party
! style="width: 130px"|Candidate
! style="width: 50px"|Votes
! style="width: 40px"|%
! style="width: 40px"|±%
{{Canadian party colour|MB|Conservative (historical)|row}}
|Conservative
|(incumbent)[[Thomas Taylor (Manitoba politician)|Thomas Taylor]]
|align="right"|2,012
|align="right"|49.68%
|align="right"|
{{Canadian party colour|MB|Labour|row}}
|Labour
|[[Fred Dixon (politician)|Fred Dixon]]
|align="right"|1,939
|align="right"|47.88%
|align="right"|
{{Canadian party colour|MB|Socialist|row}}
|Socialist
|W.S. Cummings
|align="right"|99
|align="right"|2.44%
|align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total valid votes
!align="right"|4,050
!align="right"|100.00%
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Turnout
!align="right"|
!align="right"|76.4%
!align="right"|
|}
[[Winnipeg North (Manitoba riding)|Winnipeg North]]:
*[[Solomon Hart Green]] (L) 2175
*(incumbent)[[John F. Mitchell]] (C) 1555
*Ed. Fulcher (SPC) 892
[[Winnipeg South (Manitoba riding)|Winnipeg South]]:
*[[Lendrum McMeans]] (C) 2545
*[[Edward Brown (Manitoba politician)|Edward Brown]] (L) 2496
[[Winnipeg West (Manitoba riding)|Winnipeg West]]:
*(incumbent)[[Thomas Herman Johnson]] (L) 2578
*[[A.J. Andrews]] (C) 2538
*[[George Armstrong (Manitoba politician)|George Armstrong]] (SPC) 246
==Post-election changes==
[[Russell (Manitoba riding)|Russell]] (res. [[Angus Bonnycastle]], 1911), February 4, 1911:
*[[Frederic Newton]] (C) 916
*William Valens (L) 651
[[Killarney (Manitoba riding)|Killarney]] (George Lawrence appointed to cabinet, October 11, 1911), October 23, 1911:
*[[George Lawrence (politician)|George Lawrence]] (C) accl.
[[Manitou (Manitoba riding)|Manitou]] (res. [[Robert Rogers (Canada)|Robert Rogers]], October 10, 1911), October 31, 1911:
*[[James Morrow (Manitoba politician)|James Morrow]] (C) accl.
[[The Pas (Manitoba riding)|The Pas]] (new constituency), October 12, 1912:
*[[Robert Orok]] (C) accl.
[[Gimli (Manitoba riding)|Gimli]] (res. [[Baldwin Baldwinson]], 1913), May 12, 1913:
*[[Edmund L. Taylor|Edmund Taylor]] (C) 1674
*A. Eggerston (L) 832
St. Boniface (Joseph Bernier appointed to cabinet, 1913), May 22, 1913:
*[[Joseph Bernier]] (C) accl.
[[Kildonan and St. Andrews]] (res. [[Orton Grain]], 1913), November 29, 1913:
*[[Walter Humphries Montague]] (C) 1123
*A.N. Bredin (L) 753
==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Hopkins |first=J. Castell |title=The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs, 1910 |date=1911 |publisher=The Annual Review Publishing Company |location=Toronto |url=https://archive.org/details/canadianannualre0000unse_z8c8}}
{{Manitoba elections}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Manitoba General Election, 1910}}
[[Category:1910 elections in Canada]]
[[Category:Elections in Manitoba|1910]]
[[Category:1910 in Manitoba]]
[[Category:July 1910 in Canada]]
| 1,273,230,089 |
[]
| false |
# 1610 in Quebec
Events from the year 1610 in Quebec.
## Events
- Samuel de Champlain commissions Étienne Brûlé to live for a year among the Wendat (called Hurons by the French colonists), France's First Nation allies in North America. The idea is for Brûlé to learn the language and culture of the Wendat to strengthen the alliance. In exchange, a Wendat named Savignon comes to live with the French in Quebec. Taking to the lifestyle of the Wendat, Brûlé becomes the first coureur des bois.
- de Champlain returns to Quebec after a visit to France during which he fails to renew the fur trade monopoly on furs from North America. He manages, however, to secure the support of merchants in Rouen for the colony of New France.
- The Battle of Sorel occurred on June 19, 1610, with Samuel de Champlain supported by the Kingdom of France and his allies, the Wyandot people, Algonquin people and Innu people against the Mohawk people in New France at present day Sorel-Tracy, Quebec. The forces of Champlain armed with the arquebus engaged and killed or captured nearly all of the Mohawks. The battle ended major hostilities with the Mohawks for twenty years.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1610_in_Quebec
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{{short description|none}}
{{Year box}}
Events from the year '''1610 in [[Quebec]]'''.
==Events==
*[[Samuel de Champlain]] commissions [[Étienne Brûlé]] to live for a year among the [[Wyandot people|Wendat]] (called [[Wyandot people|Hurons]] by the [[France|French]] [[colonists]]), [[France]]'s [[First Nations in Canada|First Nation]] allies in [[North America]]. The idea is for Brûlé to learn the language and culture of the Wendat to strengthen the alliance. In exchange, a Wendat named Savignon comes to live with the French in [[Quebec City|Quebec]]. Taking to the lifestyle of the Wendat, Brûlé becomes the first [[coureur des bois]].
*de Champlain returns to Quebec after a visit to France during which he fails to renew the [[fur trade]] monopoly on furs from [[North America]]. He manages, however, to secure the support of merchants in [[Rouen]] for the colony of [[New France]].
*The [[Battle of Sorel]] occurred on June 19, 1610, with [[Samuel de Champlain]] supported by the [[Kingdom of France]] and his allies, the [[Wyandot people]], [[Algonquin people]] and [[Innu people]] against the [[Mohawk people]] in [[New France]] at present day [[Sorel-Tracy]], [[Quebec]]. The forces of Champlain armed with the [[arquebus]] engaged and killed or captured nearly all of the Mohawks. The battle ended major hostilities with the Mohawks for twenty years.
== Births ==
{{Empty section|date=March 2013}}
== Deaths ==
{{Empty section|date=March 2013}}
{{Canada early year nav}}
[[Category:1610s in Canada]]
[[Category:1610 in New France]]
[[Category:Years in Quebec]]
{{Quebec-hist-stub}}
| 1,229,460,929 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"Years in Quebec": "1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613", "Centuries": "16th century \u00b7 17th century \u00b7 18th century", "Decades": "1580s 1590s 1600s 1610s 1620s 1630s 1640s", "Years": "1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613"}}]
| false |
# 1877 in Bolivia
Events from the year 1877 in Bolivia.
## Incumbents
- President: Hilarión Daza[1]
## Events
- May 9 - 1877 Iquique earthquake (magnitude 8.5)[2]
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year in Bolivia|1877}}
Events from the year '''1877 in Bolivia'''.
==Incumbents==
*President: [[Hilarión Daza]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=E. W. |first=Egan |title=Kings, Rulers, and Statesmen |last2=Leonard F |first2=Wise |publisher=[[Sterling Publishing]] |year=2005 |isbn=9781402725920 |editor-last=Mark Hillary |editor-first=Hansen |location=New York |page=42}}</ref>
==Events==
*May 9 - [[1877 Iquique earthquake]] (magnitude 8.5)<ref>{{in lang|es}} Servicio sismológico Universidad de Chile, [https://archive.today/20120629151808/http://ssn.dgf.uchile.cl/terremoto.html Sismos importantes o destructivos desde 1570].</ref>
==Births==
{{Empty section|date=October 2013}}
==Deaths==
{{Empty section|date=February 2024}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Years in Bolivia}}
{{South America topic|1877 in}}
[[Category:1877 in Bolivia| ]]
[[Category:1870s in Bolivia]]
{{Bolivia-hist-stub}}
{{Year-stub}}
| 1,246,396,252 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1876 - 1875 - 1874": "1877 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Bolivia \u00b7 \u2192 - 1878 - 1879 - 1880", "Decades": "1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s", "See also": "Other events of 1877 \u00b7 History of Bolivia \u2022 Years"}}]
| false |
# 1875–76 Scottish Cup
The 1875–76 Scottish Cup – officially the Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup – was the third edition of Scotland's most prestigious football knockout competition. The number of entrants nearly doubled from the previous season with 49 teams included in the first round draw. The competition began on 2 October 1875 and concluded with the final replay on 18 March 1876. This was the first season that teams would change ends only at half time, the tradition of changing ends after a goal had been scored came to an end.
The cup was won for the third time by Queen's Park who defeated fellow Glasgow club 3rd Lanark RV 2–0 in the replayed final.
## Format
As with the previous competitions, the third edition of the Scottish Cup took on the format of a traditional knockout tournament. For the earlier rounds, the names of competing teams were placed into lots according to their districts and drawn into pairs. The home team for each tie was determined by the toss of a coin unless it was mutually agreed or only one of the two clubs drawn against one another had a private ground. In the event of a draw, the team who lost the toss would have the choice of ground for the replay. A similar procedure was used for subsequent rounds however, any club which had received a bye in the previous round would first be drawn against one of the winners of the previous round. The names of winning teams were placed into one lot for later rounds. The choice of venue for the final matches was reserved to the Scottish Football Association.
### Calendar
| Round | First match date | Fixtures | Fixtures | Fixtures | Clubs |
| Round | First match date | Original | Byes | Replays | Clubs |
| -------------- | ---------------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | ------- |
| First round | 2 October 1875 | 24 | 1 | 7 | 49 → 28 |
| Second round | 30 October 1875 | 14 | 0 | 2 | 28 → 14 |
| Third round | 27 November 1875 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 14 → 7 |
| Quarter-finals | 18 December 1875 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 7 → 4 |
| Semi-finals | 9 January 1876 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 → 2 |
| Final | 11 March 1876 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 → 1 |
- Six teams qualified for the second round after drawing their first round replays[1]
## Teams
All 49 teams entered the competition in the first round.
| Ayrshire | Dunbartonshire | Edinburgh | Glasgow and Suburbs | Glasgow and Suburbs | Glasgow and Suburbs | Lanarkshire | Renfrewshire |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| - Ardrossan - Ayr Eglinton - Ayr Thistle - Kilbirnie - Kilmarnock - Mauchline | - Alclutha - Dumbarton - Helensburgh - Lennox - Renton - Star of Leven - Vale of Leven - Vale of Leven Rovers (Alexandria) | - Edinburgh Thistle - Heart of Midlothian - 3rd Edinburgh RV | - Alexandra Athletic - Caledonian - Clydesdale - Dumbreck - Eastern - Havelock - Lancelot - Northern | - Oxford - Partick - Queen's Park - Queen's Park Juniors - Ramblers - Renton Thistle - Rovers | - St Andrew's - Telegraphists - Towerhill - Vale of Leven Rovers (Glasgow) - West End - Western - 3rd Lanark RV | - Airdrie - Arthurlie - Barrhead - Drumpellier - Hamilton - Levern - Rangers - 1st Lanark RV | - Sandyford - 23rd Renfrew RV |
## First round
### Edinburgh district
Edinburgh Thistle received a bye to the second round.
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| --------------- | ------------------- | ----- | ---------------- | ---------------------- |
| 16 October 1875 | Heart of Midlothian | 0–0 | 3rd Edinburgh RV | The Meadows, Edinburgh |
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| --------------- | ---------------- | ----- | ------------------- | ---------------------- |
| 23 October 1875 | 3rd Edinburgh RV | 0–0 | Heart of Midlothian | The Meadows, Edinburgh |
### Dunbartonshire district
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| --------------- | --------------------------------- | ----- | ------------- | ----------------------------- |
| 9 October 1875 | Lennox | 2–2 | Dumbarton | Levengrove Park, Dumbarton |
| 16 October 1875 | Alclutha | 0–1 | Renton | Barloan Toll, Dumbarton |
| 16 October 1875 | Helensburgh | 1–0 | Star of Leven | Ardenconnel Park, Helensburgh |
| | Vale of Leven Rovers (Alexandria) | w/o | Vale of Leven | |
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| --------------- | --------- | ----- | --------- | ----------------------- |
| 16 October 1875 | Dumbarton | 1–0 | Lennox | Lowmans Road, Dumbarton |
### Glasgow and Suburbs
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| --------------- | -------------------- | ----- | ------------------------------ | -------------------------- |
| 2 October 1875 | Partick | 1–1 | West End | Inchview, Partick |
| 16 October 1875 | Clydesdale | 1–0 | Eastern | Kinning Park, Kinning Park |
| 16 October 1875 | 3rd Lanark RV | 2–0 | Havelock | Cathkin Park, Crosshill |
| 16 October 1875 | Towerhill | 2–0 | Lancelot | Mosefield Park, Glasgow |
| 16 October 1875 | Northern | 4–0 | Ramblers | Hyde Park, Glasgow |
| 16 October 1875 | Queen's Park | 3–0 | Alexandra Athletic | Hampden Park, Crosshill |
| 16 October 1875 | St Andrew's | 3–0 | Telegraphists | Glasgow Green, Glasgow |
| 23 October 1875 | Caledonian | 0–0 | Western | Burnbank Park, Glasgow |
| | Queen's Park Juniors | w/o | Renton Thistle | |
| | Dumbreck | w/o | Vale of Leven Rovers (Glasgow) | |
| | Rovers | w/o | Oxford | |
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| --------------- | --------- | ----- | ---------- | ---------------------- |
| 16 October 1875 | West End | 1–1 | Partick | Burnbank Park, Glasgow |
| 30 October 1875 | Western | 3–0 | Caledonian | Holyrood Park, Glasgow |
### Renfrewshire district
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| -------------- | ------------- | ----- | --------- | ---------------------- |
| 9 October 1875 | 23 Renfrew RV | 0–0 | Sandyford | Muirend Park, Cathcart |
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| --------------- | --------- | ----- | ------------- | ---------------------- |
| 16 October 1875 | Sandyford | 0–0 | 23 Renfrew RV | Kelvinbank Park, Govan |
### Lanarkshire district
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| --------------- | ----------- | ----- | ------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| 9 October 1875 | Arthurlie | 0–0 | Levern | Arthurlie Cross, Barrhead |
| 16 October 1875 | Rangers | 7–0 | 1st Lanark RV | Burnbank Park, Glasgow |
| 16 October 1875 | Hamilton | 0–0 | Airdrie | South Avenue, Hamilton |
| 16 October 1875 | Drumpellier | 0–0 | Barrhead | Drumpellier Cricket Ground, Coatbridge |
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| --------------- | --------- | ----- | ----------- | ------------------------ |
| 16 October 1875 | Levern | 4–0 | Arthurlie | Wellington Park, Hurlet |
| 23 October 1875 | Barrhead | 0–1 | Drumpellier | Beacon's Field, Barrhead |
| 23 October 1875 | Airdrie | 0–1 | Hamilton | Academy Park, Airdrie |
### Ayrshire district
Kilmarnock's 8–0 win over Ayr Eglinton set a new record for both the highest-scoring game and the biggest win in the competition.
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| --------------- | ---------- | ----- | ------------ | ------------------------- |
| 9 October 1875 | Kilmarnock | 8–0 | Ayr Eglinton | The Grange, Kilmarnock |
| 16 October 1875 | Kilbrinie | 1–0 | Ayr Thistle | Stonyholm Park, Kilbirnie |
| | Ardrossan | w/o | Mauchline | |
Sources:
## Second round
### Lanarkshire district
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| ---------------- | --------- | ----- | --------- | ----------------------- |
| 13 November 1875 | Levern | 3–0 | Hamilton | Wellington Park, Hurlet |
### Edinburgh district
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| --------------- | ----------------- | --------------- | ------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| 30 October 1875 | Drumpellier | 2–0 | Heart of Midlothian | Drumpellier Cricket Ground, Coatbridge |
| 6 November 1875 | Edinburgh Thistle | 0–0 (abandoned) | 3rd Edinburgh RV | East Meadows, Edinburgh |
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| ---------------- | ---------------- | ----- | ----------------- | ----------------------- |
| 13 November 1875 | 3rd Edinburgh RV | 1–0 | Edinburgh Thistle | East Meadows, Edinburgh |
### Ayrshire district
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| --------------- | --------- | ----- | --------- | ------------------------- |
| 6 November 1875 | Kilbirnie | 0–0 | Mauchline | Stonyholm Park, Kilbirnie |
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| ---- | --------- | ----- | --------- | ----- |
| | Mauchline | w/o | Kilbirnie | |
### Glasgow and Suburbs
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| --------------- | ------------- | ---------- | ----------- | -------------------------- |
| 30 October 1875 | 3rd Lanark RV | 0–1 (void) | Rangers | Cathkin Park, Crosshill |
| 6 November 1875 | Clydesdale | 6–0 | Kilmarnock | Kinning Park, Kinning Park |
| 6 November 1875 | Dumbreck | 2–0 | St Andrew's | Ibroxhill, Govan |
| 6 November 1875 | Partick | 2–0 | Towerhill | Inchview, Partick |
| 6 November 1875 | Queen's Park | 5–0 | Northern | Hampden Park, Crosshill |
| 6 November 1875 | West End | 0–6 | Rovers | Burnbank Park, Glasgow |
| 6 November 1875 | Western | 3–0 | Sandyford | Holyrood Park, Glasgow |
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| ---------------- | --------- | ----- | ------------- | ---------------------- |
| 13 November 1875 | Rangers | 1–2 | 3rd Lanark RV | Burnbank Park, Glasgow |
### Dunbartonshire district
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| ---------------- | ------------- | ----- | -------------- | ----------------------------- |
| 6 November 1875 | Dumbarton | 2–1 | Renton Thistle | Broomfauld Park, Dumbarton |
| 13 November 1875 | Vale of Leven | 3–0 | Renton | North Street Park, Alexandria |
### Renfrewshire district
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| ---------------- | ----------- | ----- | --------------- | ----------------------------- |
| 13 November 1875 | Helensburgh | 1–0 | 23rd Renfrew RV | Ardenconnel Park, Helensburgh |
Sources:
## Third round
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| ---------------- | ------------ | ----- | ---------------- | ----------------------- |
| 27 November 1875 | Dumbarton | 5–1 | Drumpellier | Lowmans Road, Dumbarton |
| 27 November 1875 | Levern | 0–3 | 3rd Lanark RV | Wellington Park, Hurlet |
| 27 November 1875 | Mauchline | 0–6 | Vale of Leven | Cathkin Park, Crosshill |
| 27 November 1875 | Partick | 0–5 | Dumbreck | Inchview, Partick |
| 27 November 1875 | Queen's Park | 2–0 | Clydesdale | Hampden Park, Crosshill |
| 27 November 1875 | Rovers | 4–0 | 3rd Edinburgh RV | Queen's Park, Glasgow |
| 27 November 1875 | Western | 2–0 | Helensburgh | Holyrood Park, Glasgow |
Sources:
## Quarter-finals
Dumbarton received a bye to the semi-finals.
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| ---------------- | ------------- | ----- | --------- | ----------------------------- |
| 18 December 1875 | Queen's Park | 2–0 | Dumbreck | Hampden Park, Crosshill |
| 18 December 1875 | Vale of Leven | 2–0 | Rovers | North Street Park, Alexandria |
| 18 December 1875 | 3rd Lanark RV | 5–0 | Western | Cathkin Park, Crosshill |
Sources:
## Semi-finals
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| -------------- | ------------- | ----- | ------------- | ----------------------- |
| 8 January 1876 | Queen's Park | 2–1 | Vale of Leven | Hampden Park, Crosshill |
| 8 January 1876 | 3rd Lanark RV | 1–1 | Dumbarton | Cathkin Park, Crosshill |
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| --------------- | --------- | ----- | ------------- | ----------------------- |
| 15 January 1876 | Dumbarton | 1–1 | 3rd Lanark RV | Lowmans Road, Dumbarton |
| Date | Home team | Score | Away team | Venue |
| --------------- | ------------- | ----- | --------- | ----------------------- |
| 22 January 1876 | 3rd Lanark RV | 3–0 | Dumbarton | Cathkin Park, Crosshill |
Sources:
## Final
| Queen's Park | 1–1 | 3rd Lanark RV |
| ------------ | ----------------- | ------------- |
| Highet 35' | [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] | Drinnan 2' |
### Replay
| Queen's Park | 2–0 | 3rd Lanark RV |
| --------------- | ------------------- | ------------- |
| Highet 15', 46' | [ 2 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] | |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2019}}
{{infobox football tournament season
|title =1875–76 Scottish Cup
|image =Scottish cup.jpg
|imagesize =
|caption =The Scottish Cup trophy
|country =Scotland
|num_teams =49
|defending_champions=[[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]]
|winners =Queen's Park<br /><small>(third title)</small>
|second =3rd Lanark RV
|matches =59
|goals =137
|scoring_leader =
|prev_season =[[1874–75 Scottish Cup|1874–75]]
|next_season =[[1876–77 Scottish Cup|1876–77]]
}}
The '''1875–76 Scottish Cup''' – officially the '''Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup''' – was the third edition of Scotland's most prestigious [[Association football|football]] knockout competition. The number of entrants nearly doubled from the previous season with 49 teams included in the first round draw. The competition began on 2 October 1875 and concluded with the final replay on 18 March 1876. This was the first season that teams would change ends only at half time, the tradition of changing ends after a goal had been scored came to an end.<ref name="Potter and Jones">{{cite book |last1=Potter |first1=David |author-link1=David W. Potter |last2=Jones |first2=Phil H. |date=2016 |title=The History of the Scottish Cup: The Story of Every Season 1873–2016 |location=Worthing |publisher=Pitch Publishing |pages=16–17 |isbn=978-1-78531-214-4}}</ref>
The cup was won for the third time by [[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]] who defeated fellow [[Glasgow]] club [[Third Lanark A.C.|3rd Lanark RV]] 2–0 in [[1876 Scottish Cup final|the replayed final]].<ref name="Final">{{cite web |url=https://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish-cup-matches/?mid=91345 |title=Scottish Cup Matches |publisher=Scottish Football Association |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
==Format==
{{see also|Scottish Cup format}}
As with the previous competitions, the third edition of the Scottish Cup took on the format of a traditional knockout tournament.<ref name="Potter and Jones"/> For the earlier rounds, the names of competing teams were placed into lots according to their districts and drawn into pairs. The home team for each tie was determined by the toss of a coin unless it was mutually agreed or only one of the two clubs drawn against one another had a private ground. In the event of a draw, the team who lost the toss would have the choice of ground for the replay. A similar procedure was used for subsequent rounds however, any club which had received a bye in the previous round would first be drawn against one of the winners of the previous round. The names of winning teams were placed into one lot for later rounds. The choice of venue for the final matches was reserved to the [[Scottish Football Association]].<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.scottishsporthistory.com/uploads/3/3/6/0/3360867/scottish_football_annual_1875.pdf |title=Rules of the Scottish Football Association |publisher=Scottish Football Association |date=14 October 1875 |access-date=9 October 2019}}</ref>
===Calendar===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
|+1875–76 Scottish Cup calendar
|-
!rowspan=2 scop="col"|Round
!rowspan=2 scop="col"|First match date
!colspan=3 scop="col"|Fixtures
!rowspan=2 width=100 scop="col"|Clubs
|-
!width=55|Original
!width=55|Byes
!width=55|Replays
|-
|align=left scop="row"|First round
|align=left|2 October 1875
|24
|1
|7
|49 → 28
|-
|align=left scop="row"|Second round
|align=left|30 October 1875
|14
|0
|2
|28 → 14
|-
|align=left scop="row"|Third round
|align=left|27 November 1875
|7
|0
|0
|14 → 7
|-
|align=left scop="row"|Quarter-finals
|align=left|18 December 1875
|3
|1
|0
|7 → 4
|-
|align=left scop="row"|Semi-finals
|align=left|9 January 1876
|2
|0
|2
|4 → 2
|-
|align=left scop="row"|Final
|align=left|11 March 1876
|1
|0
|1
|2 → 1
|}
*Six teams qualified for the second round after drawing their first round replays<ref name="Potter and Jones"/>
==Teams==
All 49 teams entered the competition in the first round.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|+Competing teams arranged by district
|-
!scope="col"|[[Ayrshire]]
!scope="col"|[[Dunbartonshire]]
!scope="col"|[[Edinburgh]]
!colspan=3 scope="col"|[[Glasgow]] and Suburbs
!scope="col"|[[Lanarkshire]]
!scope="col"|[[Renfrewshire (historic)|Renfrewshire]]
|-
|valign=top|
*[[Ardrossan F.C.|Ardrossan]]
*[[Ayr Eglinton F.C.|Ayr Eglinton]]
*[[Ayr Thistle F.C.|Ayr Thistle]]
*[[Kilbirnie F.C.|Kilbirnie]]
*[[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]]
*[[Mauchline F.C.|Mauchline]]
|valign=top|
*[[Alclutha F.C.|Alclutha]]
*[[Dumbarton F.C.|Dumbarton]]
*[[Helensburgh F.C. (1874)|Helensburgh]]
*[[Lennox F.C. (Scotland)|Lennox]]
*[[Renton F.C.|Renton]]
*[[Star of Leven F.C.|Star of Leven]]
*[[Vale of Leven F.C.|Vale of Leven]]
*[[Vale of Leven Rovers F.C. (Alexandria)|Vale of Leven Rovers (Alexandria)]]
|valign=top|
*[[Edinburgh Thistle F.C.|Edinburgh Thistle]]
*[[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Heart of Midlothian]]
*[[3rd Edinburgh Rifle Volunteers F.C.|3rd Edinburgh RV]]
|valign=top|
*[[Alexandra Athletic F.C.|Alexandra Athletic]]
*[[Caledonian F.C. (Glasgow)|Caledonian]]
*[[Clydesdale F.C.|Clydesdale]]
*[[Dumbreck F.C.|Dumbreck]]
*[[Eastern F.C.|Eastern]]
*[[Havelock F.C.|Havelock]]
*[[Lancelot F.C.|Lancelot]]
*[[Northern F.C.|Northern]]
|valign=top|
*[[Oxford F.C.|Oxford]]
*[[Partick F.C. (1875)|Partick]]
*[[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]]
*[[Queen's Park Juniors F.C.|Queen's Park Juniors]]
*[[Ramblers F.C. (Scotland)|Ramblers]]
*[[Renton Thistle F.C.|Renton Thistle]]
*[[Rovers F.C. (Glasgow)|Rovers]]
|valign=top|
*[[St Andrew's F.C. (Glasgow)|St Andrew's]]
*[[Telegraphists F.C.|Telegraphists]]
*[[Towerhill F.C.|Towerhill]]
*[[Vale of Leven Rovers F.C. (Glasgow)|Vale of Leven Rovers (Glasgow)]]
*[[West End F.C. (Glasgow)|West End]]
*[[Western F.C.|Western]]
*[[Third Lanark A.C.|3rd Lanark RV]]
|valign=top|
*[[Airdrie F.C.|Airdrie]]
*[[Arthurlie F.C.|Arthurlie]]
*[[Barrhead F.C.|Barrhead]]
*[[Drumpellier F.C.|Drumpellier]]
*[[Hamilton F.C. (1874–78)|Hamilton]]
*[[Levern F.C.|Levern]]
*[[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]
*[[1st Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers A.C.|1st Lanark RV]]
|valign=top|
*[[Sandyford F.C.|Sandyford]]
*[[23rd Renfrewshire Rifle Volunteers F.C.|23rd Renfrew RV]]
|}
==First round==
===Edinburgh district===
Edinburgh Thistle received a bye to the second round.
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Edinburgh district first round result
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|Heart of Midlothian
|0–0
|align=left|3rd Edinburgh RV
|align=left|[[The Meadows (park)|The Meadows]], [[Edinburgh]]
|}
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Edinburgh district first round replay
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|23 October 1875
|align=right|'''3rd Edinburgh RV'''
|0–0{{refn|group=note|name=draws|The six clubs involved in drawn replays advanced to the second round.}}
|align=left|'''Heart of Midlothian'''
|align=left|The Meadows, Edinburgh
|}
===Dunbartonshire district===
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Dunbartonshire district first round results
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|9 October 1875
|align=right|Lennox
|2–2
|align=left|Dumbarton
|align=left|Levengrove Park, [[Dumbarton]]
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|Alclutha
|0–1
|align=left|'''Renton'''
|align=left|Barloan Toll, Dumbarton
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|'''Helensburgh'''
|1–0
|align=left|Star of Leven
|align=left|Ardenconnel Park, [[Helensburgh]]
|-
!scope="row"|
|align=right|Vale of Leven Rovers (Alexandria)
|[[Walkover|w/o]]{{refn|group=note|Vale of Leven Rovers scratched and Vale of Leven advanced to the second round.}}
|align=left|'''Vale of Leven'''
|{{n/a|}}
|}
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Dunbartonshire district first round replay
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|'''Dumbarton'''
|1–0
|align=left|Lennox
|align=left|Lowmans Road, Dumbarton
|}
===Glasgow and Suburbs===
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Glasgow and Suburbs first round results
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|2 October 1875
|align=right|Partick
|1–1
|align=left|West End
|align=left|[[Inchview]], [[Partick]]
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|'''Clydesdale'''
|1–0
|align=left|Eastern
|align=left|[[Kinning Park (sports ground)|Kinning Park]], [[Kinning Park]]
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|'''3rd Lanark RV'''
|2–0
|align=left|Havelock
|align=left|[[Cathkin Park (1872–1903)|Cathkin Park]], [[Crosshill, Glasgow|Crosshill]]
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|'''Towerhill'''
|2–0
|align=left|Lancelot
|align=left|Mosefield Park, [[Glasgow]]
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|'''Northern'''
|4–0
|align=left|Ramblers
|align=left|[[Hyde Park, Glasgow|Hyde Park]], Glasgow
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|'''Queen's Park'''
|3–0
|align=left|Alexandra Athletic
|align=left|[[Hampden Park (1873–1883)|Hampden Park]], Crosshill
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|'''St Andrew's'''
|3–0
|align=left|Telegraphists
|align=left|[[Glasgow Green]], Glasgow
|-
!scope="row"|23 October 1875
|align=right|Caledonian
|0–0
|align=left|Western
|align=left|[[Burnbank Park]], Glasgow
|-
!scope="row"|
|align=right|Queen's Park Juniors
|w/o{{refn|group=note|Queen's Park Juniors scratched and Renton Thistle advanced to the second round.}}
|align=left|'''Renton Thistle'''
|{{n/a|}}
|-
!scope="row"|
|align=right|'''Dumbreck'''
|w/o{{refn|group=note|Vale of Leven Rovers scratched and Dumbreck advanced to the second round.}}
|align=left|Vale of Leven Rovers (Glasgow)
|{{n/a|}}
|-
!scope="row"|
|align=right|'''Rovers'''
|w/o{{refn|group=note|Oxford scratched and Rovers advanced to the second round.}}
|align=left|Oxford
|{{n/a|}}
|}
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Glasgow and Suburbs first round replays
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|'''West End'''
|1–1{{refn|group=note|name=draws}}
|align=left|'''Partick'''
|align=left|Burnbank Park, Glasgow
|-
!scope="row"|30 October 1875
|align=right|'''Western'''
|3–0
|align=left|Caledonian
|align=left|Holyrood Park, Glasgow
|}
===Renfrewshire district===
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Renfrewshire district first round result
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|9 October 1875
|align=right|23 Renfrew RV
|0–0
|align=left|Sandyford
|align=left|Muirend Park, [[Cathcart]]
|}
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Renfrewshire district first round replay
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|'''Sandyford'''
|0–0{{refn|group=note|name=draws}}
|align=left|'''23 Renfrew RV'''
|align=left|Kelvinbank Park, [[Govan]]
|}
===Lanarkshire district===
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Lanarkshire district first round results
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|9 October 1875
|align=right|Arthurlie
|0–0
|align=left|Levern
|align=left|Arthurlie Cross, [[Barrhead]]
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|'''Rangers'''
|7–0
|align=left|1st Lanark RV
|align=left|Burnbank Park, Glasgow
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|Hamilton
|0–0
|align=left|Airdrie
|align=left|South Avenue, [[Hamilton, South Lanarkshire|Hamilton]]
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|Drumpellier
|0–0
|align=left|Barrhead
|align=left|Drumpellier Cricket Ground, [[Coatbridge]]
|}
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Lanarkshire district first round replays
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|'''Levern'''
|4–0
|align=left|Arthurlie
|align=left|Wellington Park, [[Hurlet]]
|-
!scope="row"|23 October 1875
|align=right|Barrhead
|0–1
|align=left|'''Drumpellier'''
|align=left|Beacon's Field, Barrhead
|-
!scope="row"|23 October 1875
|align=right|Airdrie
|0–1
|align=left|'''Hamilton'''
|align=left|Academy Park, [[Airdrie, North Lanarkshire|Airdrie]]
|}
===Ayrshire district===
Kilmarnock's 8–0 win over Ayr Eglinton set a new record for both the highest-scoring game and the biggest win in the competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/kilmarnock/game.php?gameid=30930 |title=Kilmarnock 8 - 0 Ayr Eglinton, Scottish Cup (09/10/1875) |publisher=Fitbastats.com |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Ayrshire district first round results
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|9 October 1875
|align=right|'''Kilmarnock'''
|8–0
|align=left|Ayr Eglinton
|align=left|The Grange, [[Kilmarnock]]
|-
!scope="row"|16 October 1875
|align=right|'''Kilbrinie'''
|1–0
|align=left|Ayr Thistle
|align=left|Stonyholm Park, [[Kilbirnie]]
|-
!scope="row"|
|align=right|Ardrossan
|w/o{{refn|group=note|Ardrossan scratched and Mauchline advanced to the second round.}}
|align=left|'''Mauchline'''
|{{n/a|}}
|}
<small>Sources:<ref name="Mathers">{{cite book |last=Mathers |first=Stewart |date=2017 |title=The Beautiful Dribbling Game: The Scottish F.A. Challenge Cup in the 19th Century |location=Great Britain |publisher=Amazon |pages=18–22, 253–254 |isbn=978-0-9956998-0-9}}</ref></small>
==Second round==
===Lanarkshire district===
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Lanarkshire district second round result
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|13 November 1875
|align=right|'''Levern'''
|3–0
|align=left|Hamilton
|align=left|Wellington Park, Hurlet
|}
===Edinburgh district===
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Edinburgh district second round results
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|30 October 1875
|align=right|'''Drumpellier'''
|2–0
|align=left|Heart of Midlothian
|align=left|Drumpellier Cricket Ground, Coatbridge
|-
!scope="row"|6 November 1875
|align=right|Edinburgh Thistle
|0–0<br/>(abandoned){{refn|group=note|Edinburgh Thistle vs. 3rd Edinburgh RV was abandoned after 65 minutes due to rain. As no goals had been scored, a replay was ordered.}}
|align=left|3rd Edinburgh RV
|align=left|[[The Meadows, Edinburgh|East Meadows]], Edinburgh
|}
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Edinburgh district second round replay
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|13 November 1875
|align=right|'''3rd Edinburgh RV'''
|1–0
|align=left|Edinburgh Thistle
|align=left|East Meadows, Edinburgh
|}
===Ayrshire district===
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Ayrshire district second round result
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|6 November 1875
|align=right|Kilbirnie
|0–0
|align=left|Mauchline
|align=left|Stonyholm Park, Kilbirnie
|}
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Ayrshire district second round replay
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|
|align=right|'''Mauchline'''
|w/o{{refn|group=note|Kilbirnie scratched and Mauchline advanced to the third round.}}
|align=left|Kilbirnie
|{{n/a|}}
|}
===Glasgow and Suburbs===
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Glasgow and Suburbs second round results
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|30 October 1875
|align=right|3rd Lanark RV
|0–1<br/>(void){{refn|group=note|3rd Lanark RV protested the result after Rangers kicked-off in both halves. The match was declared void and replayed two weeks later.}}
|align=left|Rangers
|align=left|Cathkin Park, Crosshill
|-
!scope="row"|6 November 1875
|align=right|'''Clydesdale'''
|6–0
|align=left|Kilmarnock
|align=left|Kinning Park, Kinning Park
|-
!scope="row"|6 November 1875
|align=right|'''Dumbreck'''
|2–0
|align=left|St Andrew's
|align=left|Ibroxhill, [[Govan]]
|-
!scope="row"|6 November 1875
|align=right|'''Partick'''
|2–0
|align=left|Towerhill
|align=left|Inchview, Partick
|-
!scope="row"|6 November 1875
|align=right|'''Queen's Park'''
|5–0
|align=left|Northern
|align=left|Hampden Park, Crosshill
|-
!scope="row"|6 November 1875
|align=right|West End
|0–6
|align=left|'''Rovers'''
|align=left|[[Burnbank Park]], Glasgow
|-
!scope="row"|6 November 1875
|align=right|'''Western'''
|3–0
|align=left|Sandyford
|align=left|Holyrood Park, Glasgow
|}
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Glasgow and Suburbs second round replay
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|13 November 1875
|align=right|Rangers
|1–2{{refn|group=note|Rangers vs. 3rd Lanark RV was abandoned after 83 minutes due to darkness. The result was allowed to stand.}}
|align=left|'''3rd Lanark RV'''
|align=left|Burnbank Park, Glasgow
|}
===Dunbartonshire district===
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Dunbartonshire district second round results
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|6 November 1875
|align=right|'''Dumbarton'''
|2–1
|align=left|Renton Thistle
|align=left|Broomfauld Park, Dumbarton
|-
!scope="row"|13 November 1875
|align=right|'''Vale of Leven'''
|3–0
|align=left|Renton
|align=left|North Street Park, [[Alexandria, West Dunbartonshire|Alexandria]]
|}
===Renfrewshire district===
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Renfrewshire district second round result
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|13 November 1875
|align=right|'''Helensburgh'''
|1–0
|align=left|23rd Renfrew RV
|align=left|Ardenconnel Park, Helensburgh
|}
<small>Sources:<ref name="Mathers"/></small>
==Third round==
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Third round results
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|27 November 1875
|align=right|'''Dumbarton'''
|5–1
|align=left|Drumpellier
|align=left|Lowmans Road, Dumbarton
|-
!scope="row"|27 November 1875
|align=right|Levern
|0–3
|align=left|'''3rd Lanark RV'''
|align=left|Wellington Park, Hurlet
|-
!scope="row"|27 November 1875
|align=right|Mauchline
|0–6
|align=left|'''Vale of Leven'''
|align=left|Cathkin Park, Crosshill{{refn|group=note|Match played at a neutral venue.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Football–Vale of Leven v Mauchline |journal=Ayr Observer |date=30 November 1875 |page=2}}</ref>}}
|-
!scope="row"|27 November 1875
|align=right|Partick
|0–5
|align=left|'''Dumbreck'''
|align=left|Inchview, Partick
|-
!scope="row"|27 November 1875
|align=right|'''Queen's Park'''
|2–0
|align=left|Clydesdale
|align=left|Hampden Park, Crosshill
|-
!scope="row"|27 November 1875
|align=right|'''Rovers'''
|4–0
|align=left|3rd Edinburgh RV
|align=left|[[Queen's Park, Glasgow|Queen's Park]], Glasgow
|-
!scope="row"|27 November 1875
|align=right|'''Western'''
|2–0
|align=left|Helensburgh
|align=left|Holyrood Park, Glasgow
|}
<small>Sources:<ref name="Mathers"/></small>
==Quarter-finals==
Dumbarton received a bye to the semi-finals.
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Quarter-final results
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|18 December 1875
|align=right|'''Queen's Park'''
|2–0
|align=left|Dumbreck
|align=left|Hampden Park, Crosshill
|-
!scope="row"|18 December 1875
|align=right|'''Vale of Leven'''
|2–0
|align=left|Rovers
|align=left|North Street Park, Alexandria
|-
!scope="row"|18 December 1875
|align=right|'''3rd Lanark RV'''
|5–0
|align=left|Western
|align=left|Cathkin Park, Crosshill
|}
<small>Sources:<ref name="Mathers"/></small>
==Semi-finals==
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Semi-final results
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|8 January 1876
|align=right|'''Queen's Park'''
|2–1
|align=left|Vale of Leven
|align=left|Hampden Park, Crosshill
|-
!scope="row"|8 January 1876
|align=right|3rd Lanark RV
|1–1
|align=left|Dumbarton
|align=left|Cathkin Park, Crosshill
|}
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Semi-final replay
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|15 January 1876
|align=right|Dumbarton
|1–1
|align=left|3rd Lanark RV
|align=left|Lowmans Road, Dumbarton
|}
{| class="wikitable football-result-list" style="max-width: 80em; text-align: center"
|+Semi-final second replay
|-
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Home team
!scope="col"|Score
!scope="col"|Away team
!scope="col"|Venue
|-
!scope="row"|22 January 1876
|align=right|'''3rd Lanark RV'''
|3–0
|align=left|Dumbarton
|align=left|Cathkin Park, Crosshill
|}
<small>Sources:<ref name="Mathers"/></small>
==Final==
{{main|1876 Scottish Cup final}}
{{Football box
|date=11 March 1876
|time=15:00
|team1=Queen's Park
|score=1–1
|team2=3rd Lanark RV
|goals1=[[Thomas Highet|Highet]] {{goal|35}}
|goals2=[[W. Drinnan|Drinnan]] {{goal|2}}
|stadium=[[Hamilton Crescent]]
|location=[[Partick]]
|attendance=10,000
|referee=A.S. McBride ([[Vale of Leven]])
|report=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scottishfa.co.uk/scottish-cup-matches/?mid=91305 |title=Scottish Cup Matches |publisher=Scottish Football Association |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/queenspark/game.php?gameid=75017 |title=Queen's Park 1 - 1 Third Lanark, Scottish Cup (11/03/1876) |publisher=Fitbastats.com |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/thirdlanark/game.php?gameid=75017 |title=Third Lanark 1 - 1 Queen's Park, Scottish Cup (11/03/1876) |publisher=Fitbastats.com |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
}}
===Replay===
{{Football box
|date=18 March 1876
|time=15:00
|team1=Queen's Park
|score=2–0
|team2=3rd Lanark RV
|goals1=[[Thomas Highet|Highet]] {{goal|15||46}}
|goals2=
|stadium=[[Hampden Park (1873–1883)|Hampden Park]]
|location=[[Crosshill, Glasgow|Crosshill]]
|attendance=6,000
|referee=A.S. McBride (Vale of Leven)
|report=<ref name="Final"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/queenspark/game.php?gameid=75018 |title=Queen's Park 2 - 0 Third Lanark, Scottish Cup (18/03/1876) |publisher=Fitbastats.com |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fitbastats.com/thirdlanark/game.php?gameid=75018 |title=Queen's Park 2 - 0 Third Lanark, Scottish Cup (18/03/1876) |publisher=Fitbastats.com |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
}}
==See also==
*[[1875–76 in Scottish football]]
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://thebeautifuldribblinggame.com/season-1875-76/ Season 1875-76 Queen's Park] [results list], The Beautiful Dribbling Game
* [https://www.rsssf.org/tabless/scotcuphistfull.html#1876 Scottish Cup 1875/76], RSSSF
{{Scottish Cup seasons}}
{{1875–76 in Scottish football}}
{{1875–76 in European football}}
{{Portal bar|Association football|Scotland}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1875-76 Scottish Cup}}
[[Category:1875–76 Scottish Cup| ]]
[[Category:Scottish Cup seasons]]
[[Category:1875–76 in Scottish football cups|Cup]]
| 1,280,582,066 |
[{"title": "Tournament details", "data": {"Country": "Scotland", "Teams": "49", "Defending champions": "Queen's Park"}}, {"title": "Final positions", "data": {"Champions": "Queen's Park \u00b7 (third title)", "Runner-up": "3rd Lanark RV"}}, {"title": "Tournament statistics", "data": {"Matches played": "59", "Goals scored": "137 (2.32 per match)"}}]
| false |
# 1878 FA Cup final
The 1878 FA Cup final was an association football match between Wanderers F.C. and Royal Engineers A.F.C. on 23 March 1878 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the seventh final of the world's oldest football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (commonly known in the modern era as the FA Cup). Wanderers had won the Cup in the previous two seasons and on four previous occasions in total, including the first FA Cup final in 1872, in which they defeated the Engineers. The Engineers had also won the Cup, having defeated Old Etonians in the 1875 final.
The Wanderers, who were considered firm favourites to win the Cup for the third consecutive season, took the lead after only five minutes through Jarvis Kenrick, but the Engineers quickly equalised. The Cup-holders regained their lead before half-time and added a third goal after the half-time interval to secure a 3–1 victory. Under the original rules of the competition, the Cup was retired and presented to the club on a permanent basis to mark their third consecutive win, but the Wanderers returned it to the Football Association on the condition that it never again be won outright by any club.
## Background
The Football Association Challenge Cup (commonly known in the modern era as the FA Cup) was the first formal competition created for the sport of association football, which had first been codified in 1863. The creation of the tournament had been proposed in 1871 by Charles W. Alcock, the secretary of the Football Association (the FA), who wrote that "it is desirable that a Challenge Cup should be established in connection with the Association, for which all clubs belonging to the Association should be invited to compete". His inspiration had been a similar competition between houses during his time as a pupil at Harrow School. The first FA Cup competition took place during the 1871–72 season and 15 clubs entered. Wanderers won the final, defeating Royal Engineers, and Alcock himself was the winning captain.
In the 1877–78 season, the Wanderers were the reigning Cup-holders, having defeated Oxford University in the 1877 final. In addition to their victory in 1872, the team had also won the Cup in 1873 and 1876. No other club had yet won the competition more than once. The Engineers had won the Cup in 1875. The members of the Wanderers club were wealthy gentlemen who had attended some of the leading English public schools, including Harrow and Eton College; the Engineers team consisted of officers from the Corps of Royal Engineers, a division of the British Army. At the time, the sport was strictly amateur and was dominated by teams from the upper classes. It was not until 1882 that a working-class team reached the FA Cup final.
## Route to the final
The 1877–78 FA Cup was contested by 43 clubs, all of which entered the competition at the first round stage. The Wanderers were allocated a home match against Panthers in the first round and easily defeated their opponents 9–1, with Hubert Heron scoring four goals. In the second round they were paired with High Wycombe and again recorded a high-scoring victory, winning 9–0. The Wanderers were considered strong favourites to secure another victory when they faced Barnes in the third round, but the match ended in a 1–1 draw, necessitating a replay. Two weeks later, the Wanderers won the second match 4–1. In the quarter-finals the Wanderers defeated Sheffield 3–0 and then, with an uneven number of teams remaining in the competition, they received a bye into the final.
The Engineers' scheduled first round opponents were Union, but they withdrew from the competition, giving the Engineers a walkover victory. The "Sappers", as the Corps of Royal Engineers is traditionally nicknamed, went on to defeat Pilgrims 6–0 and Druids 8–0 in the second and third rounds respectively, with a hat-trick in both matches from Lieut. Robert Hedley. In the quarter-finals their opponents were the previous season's defeated finalists and the 1874 Cup-winners, Oxford University. The initial match finished in a 3–3 draw, and the replay also finished without a victor, ending 2–2. Finally, the Engineers emerged victorious in a second replay, winning 4–2. This set up a semi-final match against Old Harrovians, the team for former pupils of Harrow School. The match was played at Kennington Oval in south London and the Engineers reached the final by defeating the Harrovians 2–1.
## Match
### Summary
Like the semi-final, the final was played at Kennington Oval. The match drew a crowd estimated at 4,500 spectators, the highest yet recorded for an FA Cup final. The referee was Segar Bastard of the Upton Park club. The umpires were C. Warner of Upton Park and B. Jarrett of Old Harrovians. Hedley was the team captain for the Engineers and Hon. Arthur Kinnaird for the Wanderers. Both teams played with two full-backs, two half-backs and six forwards. In the previous year's final, Kinnaird had been the Wanderers' goalkeeper, but on this occasion he played as a half-back; at the time the position of goalkeeper was not regarded as a specialised one and players often alternated between goalkeeping and playing in an outfield position. James Kirkpatrick played in goal for the Wanderers; having turned 37 the previous day he was the oldest player to appear in a Cup final to date. The only other change in the team's line-up from the previous year's final saw John Wylie replace Francis Birley. The Engineers' team did not include any players from their Cup-winning team of four years earlier, but did include Lieut. Oliver Ruck, whose brother Richard had played in that victory. The Wanderers, who were considered the firm favourites by the book-makers, won the pre-match coin toss and chose to defend the Harleyford Road end of the ground in the first half.
The Cup-holders immediately dominated the game and Kinnaird quickly had a shot on goal which was kept out by Lieut. William Morris with his head. After only five minutes Henry Wace crossed the ball from a wide position and Jarvis Kenrick kicked the ball past the Engineers' goalkeeper Lieut. Lovick Friend to give the Wanderers the lead. Immediately after falling behind, according to a report published in the Sheffield and Rotherham Independent, the Engineers "charged desperately on the opening goal" and their opponents "had rather a rough time of it". Approximately ten minutes after the opening goal, Kirkpatrick suffered a broken arm during a tussle on the goal-line, but he managed to keep the ball out of the goal and went on to play the remainder of the match despite his injury. Had he left the game, his team would not have been able to replace him as the concept of substitutes did not yet exist. In the 20th minute of the game, the Engineers' pressure paid off as they scored an equalising goal. Some modern sources state that Morris scored the goal, but contemporary newspaper reports state that Morris took a throw-in which led to a "scrimmage" (a contemporary term for a group of players all struggling to gain possession of the ball, now usually referred to as a "goalmouth scramble") in front of the Wanderers' goal, out of which the ball was forced over the goal-line, making the actual scorer of the goal unclear.
Towards the end of the first half, the Wanderers were awarded a free kick after a handball offence by the Engineers. Kinnaird took the kick, which led to a second goal for the Cup-holders. Modern sources list Kinnaird as the goalscorer, but some contemporary reports suggest that, following his free kick, another goalmouth scramble ensued in front of the Engineers' goal before the ball was forced over the line, again making the actual scorer unclear. Shortly before half-time, Charles Wollaston took a shot for the Wanderers but it went wide of the goal; at the break his team held a 2–1 lead. Shortly after the half-time interval, Hedley appeared to have brought the scores level once again, but the goal was disallowed due to an infringement of the offside rule. After around twenty minutes of the second period, Heron of Wanderers made a run down the left side of the pitch and crossed the ball into the centre; Morris missed the ball and Heron regained control of it and passed it to Kenrick, who scored his second goal of the game, giving the Wanderers a 3–1 lead. The Sheffield and Rotherham Independent report praised Heron for his performance in the second half, stating that his dribbling was "excellent". During the remainder of the game, the Engineers again made a number of attacks on the Wanderers' goal but their opponents were able to deal with them. The Sheffield and Rotherham Independent report stated that during the latter stages of the game "the only chance seemed to be of the Wanderers increasing their lead". Despite this, no further goals were scored and the final result was a 3–1 victory for Wanderers.
### Details
| Wanderers | 3–1 | Royal Engineers |
| -------------------------------------------- | --- | ------------------------ |
| Kenrick 5', 65' · Kinnaird (unconfirmed) 35' | | Morris (unconfirmed) 20' |
| Wanderers | Royal Engineers |
| Wanderers: | | |
| | | |
| GK | | James Kirkpatrick |
| FB | | Alfred Stratford |
| FB | | William Lindsay |
| HB | | Hon. Arthur Kinnaird (Captain) |
| HB | | Frederick Green |
| FW | | Charles Wollaston |
| FW | | Hubert Heron |
| FW | | John Wylie |
| FW | | Henry Wace |
| FW | | Charles Denton |
| FW | | Jarvis Kenrick |
| Royal Engineers: | | |
| | | |
| GK | | Lieut. Lovick Friend |
| FB | | Lieut. James Cowan |
| FB | | Lieut. William Morris |
| HB | | Lieut. Charles Mayne |
| HB | | Lieut. Frederick Heath |
| FW | | Lieut. Charles Haynes |
| FW | | Lieut. Morgan Lindsay |
| FW | | Lieut. Robert Hedley (Captain) |
| FW | | Lieut. Francis Bond |
| FW | | Lieut. Horace Barnet |
| FW | | Lieut. Oliver Ruck |
## Post-match
As was the norm until 1882, the winning team were not presented with the trophy at the stadium on the day of the match, but later in the year at their annual club dinner. Under the original rules of the competition, if a team won the Cup three times in succession, it would be retired and become their "absolute property". The Wanderers' committee, however, returned the Cup to the FA on the condition that the rule be removed and no other team permitted to win the Cup outright. As of 2024, the only other team to win the Cup in three successive seasons is Blackburn Rovers, who won it in 1884, 1885, and 1886. On that occasion the club was presented with a commemorative shield. The trophy which the Wanderers won in 1878 continued to be used until 1895, when it was stolen and never recovered; a new trophy of identical design was made to replace it.
Three weeks after the Cup final, the Wanderers played the winners of the 1877–78 Scottish Cup, Vale of Leven, at Kennington Oval. The match between the winners of England and Scotland's national football competitions generated significant interest, but the size of the crowd was impacted by very bad weather. In a game played in very poor conditions, the Wanderers were defeated 3–1. Neither the Wanderers or the Royal Engineers would appear in the final of the FA Cup again after 1878. Wanderers' fortunes declined rapidly, partly because many of the team's leading players opted to play instead for the clubs set up specifically for the former pupils of individual schools. The team last took part in the FA Cup in the 1879–80 season, and by the mid-1880s the Wanderers club had ceased to play matches altogether. The officers of the Royal Engineers continued to enter the FA Cup until 1883, after which the focus was instead placed on teams open to all ranks representing individual battalions within the corps; these teams took part in the FA Amateur Cup and army-specific competitions.
### Works cited
- Barnes, Stuart, ed. (2009). Nationwide Football Annual 2009–2010. SportsBooks Limited. ISBN 978-1-89980-781-9.
- Collett, Mike (2003). The Complete Record of the FA Cup. SportsBooks Limited. ISBN 1-89980-719-5.
- Gibbons, Philip (2001). Association Football in Victorian England – A History of the Game from 1863 to 1900. Upfront Publishing. ISBN 1-84426-035-6.
- Soar, Phil; Tyler, Martin (1983). Encyclopedia of British Football. Willow Books. ISBN 0-002-18049-9.
- Warsop, Keith (2004). The Early FA Cup Finals and the Southern Amateurs. SoccerData. ISBN 1-89946-878-1.
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1878 FA Cup final
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{{Featured article}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox football match
| title = 1878 FA Cup final
| image = 1871 FA Cup.jpg
| image_size = 150
| alt = A trophy, silver in colour and topped by a figure of a footballer, on an ebony plinth
|caption=An illustration of the FA Cup trophy awarded in 1878
| event = [[1877–78 FA Cup]]
| team1 = [[Wanderers F.C.|Wanderers]]
| team1score = 3
| team2 = [[Royal Engineers A.F.C.|Royal Engineers]]
| team2score = 1
| details =
| date = 23 March 1878
| stadium = [[The Oval|Kennington Oval]]
| city = London
| man_of_the_match1a =
| referee = [[Segar Bastard]]
| attendance = 4,500
| weather =
| previous = [[1877 FA Cup final|1877]]
| next = [[1879 FA Cup final|1879]]
}}
The '''1878 FA Cup final''' was an [[association football]] match between [[Wanderers F.C.]] and [[Royal Engineers A.F.C.]] on 23 March 1878 at [[The Oval|Kennington Oval]] in London. It was the seventh final of the world's oldest football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (commonly known in the modern era as the [[FA Cup]]). Wanderers had won the Cup in the previous two seasons and on four previous occasions in total, including the [[1872 FA Cup final|first FA Cup final in 1872]], in which they defeated the Engineers. The Engineers had also won the Cup, having defeated [[Old Etonians F.C.|Old Etonians]] in the [[1875 FA Cup final|1875 final]].
The Wanderers, who were considered firm favourites to win the Cup for the third consecutive season, took the lead after only five minutes through [[Jarvis Kenrick]], but the Engineers quickly equalised. The Cup-holders regained their lead before half-time and added a third goal after the [[half-time]] interval to secure a 3–1 victory. Under the original rules of the competition, the Cup was retired and presented to the club on a permanent basis to mark their third consecutive win, but the Wanderers returned it to [[the Football Association]] on the condition that it never again be won outright by any club.
==Background==
The Football Association Challenge Cup (commonly known in the modern era as the [[FA Cup]]) was the first formal competition created for the sport of [[association football]], which had first been codified in 1863.{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=12}}{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=16}} The creation of the tournament had been proposed in 1871 by [[Charles W. Alcock]], the secretary of [[the Football Association]] (the FA), who wrote that "it is desirable that a Challenge Cup should be established in connection with the Association, for which all clubs belonging to the Association should be invited to compete".{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=19}} His inspiration had been a similar competition between [[house system|houses]] during his time as a pupil at [[Harrow School]].{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=19}}{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=17}} The [[1871-72 FA Cup|first FA Cup competition]] took place during the [[1871-72 in English football|1871–72 season]] and 15 clubs entered.{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=17}} [[Wanderers F.C.|Wanderers]] won the [[1872 FA Cup final|final]], defeating [[Royal Engineers A.F.C.|Royal Engineers]],{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=154}} and Alcock himself was the winning [[captain (association football)|captain]].{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=40}}
In the [[1877-78 in English football|1877–78 season]], the Wanderers were the reigning Cup-holders, having defeated [[Oxford University A.F.C.|Oxford University]] in the [[1877 FA Cup final|1877 final]].{{sfn|Barnes|2009|p=132}}{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=755}} In addition to their victory in 1872, the team had also won the Cup in [[1873 FA Cup final|1873]] and [[1876 FA Cup final|1876]].{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|pp=154–155}}{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=754}} No other club had yet won the competition more than once.{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=24}} The Engineers had won the Cup in [[1875 FA Cup final|1875]].{{sfn|Barnes|2009|p=132}} The members of the Wanderers club were wealthy gentlemen who had attended some of the leading [[Public school (United Kingdom) |English public schools]], including Harrow and [[Eton College]]; the Engineers team consisted of [[Officer (armed forces)|officers]] from the [[Corps of Royal Engineers]], a division of the [[British Army]].{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=20}} At the time, the sport was strictly [[amateur sports|amateur]] and was dominated by teams from the upper classes. It was not until [[1882 FA Cup final|1882]] that a working-class team reached the FA Cup final.{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=19}}
== Route to the final ==
[[File:Cricket,_WG_Grace,_1891-_Kennington_Oval.jpg|thumb|right|alt=View of the Kennington Oval sports ground|[[The Oval|Kennington Oval]] ''(pictured in 1891)'' was the venue for the semi-final and final matches.]]
The [[1877–78 FA Cup]] was contested by 43 clubs, all of which entered the competition at the first round stage.{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=156}} The Wanderers were allocated a home match against Panthers in the first round and easily defeated their opponents 9–1, with [[Hubert Heron]] scoring four goals.{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=630}}<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/142294001|page=4| work = Sheffield and Rotherham Independent | access-date = 28 February 2024| via = [[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=subscription | title = The London Association Football Cup: The first ties| date =12 November 1877}}</ref> In the second round they were paired with [[High Wycombe F.C.|High Wycombe]] and again recorded a high-scoring victory, winning 9–0.{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=156}}{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=630}} The Wanderers were considered strong favourites to secure another victory when they faced [[Barnes Football Club|Barnes]] in the third round,<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/142370983|page=4| work = Sheffield and Rotherham Independent | access-date = 29 February 2024| via = [[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=subscription | title = The London Association Football Cup: Wanderers (the holders) v Barnes| date =14 January 1878}}</ref> but the match ended in a 1–1 draw, necessitating a [[replay (sports)|replay]].{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=156}}<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/142313335|page=5| work = [[The Observer]] | access-date = 28 February 2024| via = [[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=subscription | title = Football – The Association Challenge Cup| date =13 January 1878}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/142313521|page=1| work = [[Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper]] | access-date = 28 February 2024| via = [[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=subscription | title = Football matches| date =13 January 1878}}</ref> Two weeks later, the Wanderers won the second match 4–1.{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=630}}<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/142390431|page=1| work = [[Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper]] | access-date = 29 February 2024| via = [[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=subscription | title = Football matches| date =27 January 1878}}</ref> In the quarter-finals the Wanderers defeated [[Sheffield F.C.|Sheffield]] 3–0 and then, with an uneven number of teams remaining in the competition, they received a [[Bye (sport)|bye]] into the final.{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=156}}<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/142390737|page=4| work = Sheffield and Rotherham Independent | access-date = 29 February 2024| via = [[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=subscription | title = Sheffield Club v Wanderers| date =18 February 1878}}</ref>
The Engineers' scheduled first round opponents were [[Highbury Union F.C.|Union]], but they withdrew from the competition, giving the Engineers a [[walkover]] victory.{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=156}}<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/142295084|page=6| work = [[Leeds Mercury]] | access-date = 28 February 2024| via = [[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=subscription | title =Football Association Challenge Cup| date =16 November 1877}}</ref> The "Sappers", as the Corps of Royal Engineers is traditionally nicknamed, went on to defeat [[Pilgrims F.C.|Pilgrims]] 6–0 and [[Druids F.C.|Druids]] 8–0 in the second and third rounds respectively,{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=156}} with a [[Hat-trick#Association football|hat-trick]] in both matches from Lieut. [[Robert Hedley]].{{sfn|Warsop|2004|pp=84–85}}{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=528}} In the quarter-finals their opponents were the previous season's defeated finalists and the 1874 Cup-winners, Oxford University.{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=528}} The initial match finished in a 3–3 draw, and the replay also finished without a victor, ending 2–2. Finally, the Engineers emerged victorious in a second replay, winning 4–2.{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=156}} This set up a semi-final match against [[Old Harrovians F.C.|Old Harrovians]], the team for former pupils of Harrow School.<ref name="1877-78review">{{cite web|date=5 April 1878|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WbkOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA11 |title=Football – Review of the football season of 1877–8|work=The Athletic World|page=11|accessdate=3 March 2024|via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> The match was played at [[The Oval|Kennington Oval]] in [[south London]] and the Engineers reached the final by defeating the Harrovians 2–1.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/142312763|page=5| work = [[The Observer]] | access-date = 28 February 2024| via = [[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=subscription | title = Football| date =17 March 1878}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/142312926|page=10| work = [[The Times]] | access-date = 28 February 2024| via = [[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=subscription | title = Football: Association Challenge Cup: Royal Engineers v Old Harrovians| date =18 March 1878}}</ref>
== Match ==
=== Summary ===
[[File:Arthur Fitzgerald Kinnaird.jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=Footballer Arthur Kinnaird|Hon. [[Arthur Kinnaird, 11th Lord Kinnaird |Arthur Kinnaird]] ''(illustration published in 1912)'' captained the Wanderers team.]]
Like the semi-final, the final was played at Kennington Oval. The match drew a crowd estimated at 4,500 spectators, the highest yet recorded for an FA Cup final.{{sfn|Warsop|2004|pp=40–48}} The [[referee (association football)|referee]] was [[Segar Bastard]] of the [[Upton Park F.C.|Upton Park]] club. The [[assistant referee (association football)|umpires]] were C. Warner of Upton Park and B. Jarrett of Old Harrovians.{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=48}} Hedley was the team captain for the Engineers and Hon. [[Arthur Kinnaird, 11th Lord Kinnaird|Arthur Kinnaird]] for the Wanderers.{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=755}} Both teams played with two [[Full-back (football)|full-backs]], two [[half back (association football)|half-backs]] and six [[Forward (association football)|forwards]].{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=48}} In the previous year's final, Kinnaird had been the Wanderers' [[goalkeeper (association football)|goalkeeper]], but on this occasion he played as a half-back; at the time the position of goalkeeper was not regarded as a specialised one and players often alternated between goalkeeping and playing in an outfield position.{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=10}} [[Sir James Kirkpatrick, 8th Baronet|James Kirkpatrick]] played in goal for the Wanderers; having turned 37 the previous day he was the oldest player to appear in a Cup final to date.{{sfn|Warsop|2004|pp=40–48}} The only other change in the team's line-up from the previous year's final saw [[John Wylie (footballer, born 1854)|John Wylie]] replace [[Francis Birley]].{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=755}} The Engineers' team did not include any players from their Cup-winning team of four years earlier,{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=754–755}} but did include Lieut. [[Oliver Ruck]], whose brother [[Richard Ruck|Richard]] had played in that victory.{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=754}}{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=122}} The Wanderers, who were considered the firm favourites by the book-makers,<ref name=SRI>{{Cite web | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/142429632|page=4| work = Sheffield and Rotherham Independent | access-date = 1 March 2024| via = [[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=subscription | title = The final tie between the Wanderers and the Royal Engineers| date =25 March 1878}}</ref> won the pre-match [[coin flipping|coin toss]] and chose to defend the Harleyford Road end of the ground in the first half.{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=48}}
The Cup-holders immediately dominated the game and Kinnaird quickly had a shot on goal which was kept out by Lieut. [[William George Morris|William Morris]] with his head.{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=35}}<ref name=tele>{{Cite web | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/142652869|page=3| work = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | access-date = 4 March 2024| via = [[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=subscription | title = Football: Wanderers v Royal Engineers| date =25 March 1878}}</ref> After only five minutes [[Henry Wace (footballer)|Henry Wace]] [[cross (association football)|cross]]ed the ball from a wide position and [[Jarvis Kenrick]] kicked the ball past the Engineers' goalkeeper Lieut. [[Lovick Friend]] to give the Wanderers the lead.<ref name=SRI />{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=35}} Immediately after falling behind, according to a report published in the ''Sheffield and Rotherham Independent'', the Engineers "charged desperately on the opening goal" and their opponents "had rather a rough time of it".<ref name=SRI /> Approximately ten minutes after the opening goal, Kirkpatrick suffered a broken arm during a tussle on the goal-line, but he managed to keep the ball out of the goal and went on to play the remainder of the match despite his injury.{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=48}} Had he left the game, his team would not have been able to replace him as the concept of [[substitute (association football)|substitute]]s did not yet exist.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/when-saturday-comes-blog/2015/sep/18/fifty-years-substitutions-football-sport|title=Fifty years of substitutions in football: from necessary novelties to tactical tools|work=[[The Guardian]]|first=Peter|last=Bateman|date=18 September 2015|accessdate=22 October 2023}}</ref> In the 20th minute of the game, the Engineers' pressure paid off as they scored an equalising goal.<ref name=SRI /> Some modern sources state that Morris scored the goal,{{sfn|Barnes|2009|p=132}}{{sfn|Gibbons|2001|p=51}} but contemporary newspaper reports state that Morris took a [[throw-in]] which led to a "scrimmage" (a contemporary term for a group of players all struggling to gain possession of the ball, now usually referred to as a "[[Glossary_of_association_football_terms#Goalmouth scramble|goalmouth scramble]]") in front of the Wanderers' goal, out of which the ball was forced over the goal-line, making the actual scorer of the goal unclear.<ref name=Field>{{Cite web | url = https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002446/18780323/211/0039|page=39| work = [[The Field (magazine)|The Field]] | access-date = 1 March 2024| via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription | title = The Association Challenge Cup| date =23 March 1878}}</ref><ref name=St>{{Cite web | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/142652657|page=3| work = [[Evening Standard|The Standard]]| access-date = 4 March 2024| via = [[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=subscription | title = Association Challenge Cup: Wanderers vs Royal Engineers| date =25 March 1878}}</ref>
Towards the end of the first half, the Wanderers were awarded a [[free kick (association football)|free kick]] after a [[Fouls_and_misconduct_(association_football)#Direct_free_kick_offences|handball]] offence by the Engineers. Kinnaird took the kick, which led to a second goal for the Cup-holders. Modern sources list Kinnaird as the goalscorer,{{sfn|Barnes|2009|p=132}} but some contemporary reports suggest that, following his free kick, another goalmouth scramble ensued in front of the Engineers' goal before the ball was forced over the line, again making the actual scorer unclear.<ref name=tele />{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=36}} Shortly before half-time, [[Charles Wollaston]] took a shot for the Wanderers but it went wide of the goal; at the break his team held a 2–1 lead.<ref name=tele /><ref name=times /> Shortly after the [[half-time]] interval, Hedley appeared to have brought the scores level once again, but the goal was disallowed due to an infringement of the [[Offside (association football)|offside]] rule.<ref name=times>{{Cite web | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/142429532|page=10| work = [[The Times]] | access-date = 1 March 2024| via = [[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=subscription | title = Association Challenge Cup: Wanderers v Royal Engineers| date =25 March 1878}}</ref> After around twenty minutes of the second period, Heron of Wanderers made a run down the left side of the pitch and crossed the ball into the centre; Morris missed the ball and Heron regained control of it and passed it to Kenrick, who scored his second goal of the game, giving the Wanderers a 3–1 lead.<ref name=tele /><ref name=SRI /> The ''Sheffield and Rotherham Independent'' report praised Heron for his performance in the second half, stating that his [[dribbling#Association football|dribbling]] was "excellent". During the remainder of the game, the Engineers again made a number of attacks on the Wanderers' goal but their opponents were able to deal with them. The ''Sheffield and Rotherham Independent'' report stated that during the latter stages of the game "the only chance seemed to be of the Wanderers increasing their lead".<ref name=SRI /> Despite this, no further goals were scored and the final result was a 3–1 victory for Wanderers.<ref name=tele />
=== Details ===
{{football box
|date =23 March 1878
|team1 =[[Wanderers F.C.|Wanderers]]
|score =3–1
|report=
|team2 =[[Royal Engineers A.F.C.|Royal Engineers]]
|goals1=[[Jarvis Kenrick|Kenrick]] {{goal|5||65}}<br />[[Arthur Kinnaird, 11th Lord Kinnaird|Kinnaird]] ''(unconfirmed)'' {{goal|35}}
|goals2=[[William George Morris|Morris]] ''(unconfirmed)'' {{goal|20}}
|stadium=[[The Oval|Kennington Oval]], London{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=48}}
|attendance=4,500{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=48}}
|referee=[[Segar Bastard]] ([[Upton Park F.C.|Upton Park]]){{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=48}}
}}
{| width=100%
|-
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la = _wanderers FC
| pattern_b =_wanderers FC
| pattern_ra = _wanderers FC
| leftarm =
| body =
| rightarm =
| shorts =
| socks = 000000
| title = Wanderers{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=20}}
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|{{Football kit
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{| width="100%"
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|colspan="4"|'''Wanderers:'''{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=48}}
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK || || [[James Kirkpatrick, 8th Baronet|James Kirkpatrick]]
|-
|FB || || [[Alfred Stratford]]
|-
|FB || || [[William Lindsay (English footballer)|William Lindsay]]
|-
|HB || || Hon. [[Arthur Kinnaird, 11th Lord Kinnaird|Arthur Kinnaird]] (Captain)
|-
|HB || || [[Frederick Green (footballer)|Frederick Green]]
|-
|FW || || [[Charles Wollaston]]
|-
|FW || || [[Hubert Heron]]
|-
|FW || || [[John Wylie (footballer, born 1854)|John Wylie]]
|-
|FW || || [[Henry Wace (footballer)|Henry Wace]]
|-
|FW || || [[Charles Ashpitel Denton|Charles Denton]]
|-
|FW || || [[Jarvis Kenrick]]
|-
|}
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"
|colspan="4"|'''Royal Engineers:'''{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=48}}
|-
!width=25| !!width=25|
|-
|GK || || Lieut. [[Lovick Friend]]
|-
|FB || || Lieut. [[James Cowan (sports shooter)|James Cowan]]
|-
|FB || || Lieut. [[William George Morris|William Morris]]
|-
|HB || || Lieut. [[Charles Mayne]]
|-
|HB || || Lieut. [[Frederick Heath-Caldwell|Frederick Heath]]
|-
|FW || || Lieut. [[Charles Haynes (footballer)|Charles Haynes]]
|-
|FW || || Lieut. [[Morgan Lindsay]]
|-
|FW || || Lieut. [[Robert Hedley]] (Captain)
|-
|FW || || Lieut. [[Francis George Bond|Francis Bond]]
|-
|FW || || Lieut. [[Horace Barnet]]
|-
|FW || || Lieut. [[Oliver Ruck]]
|-
|}
|}
== Post-match ==
As was the norm until 1882, the winning team were not presented with the trophy at the stadium on the day of the match, but later in the year at their annual club dinner.{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=53}} Under the original rules of the competition, if a team won the Cup three times in succession, it would be retired and become their "absolute property". The Wanderers' committee, however, returned the Cup to the FA on the condition that the rule be removed and no other team permitted to win the Cup outright.{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=20}} {{asof|2024}}, the only other team to win the Cup in three successive seasons is [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]], who won it in [[1884 FA Cup final|1884]], [[1885 FA Cup final|1885]], and [[1886 FA Cup final|1886]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/0/fa-cup-winners-list-full-record-finals-results-first-team-last/|title=FA Cup winners list: The results and teams from every final|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=15 May 2022|accessdate=1 March 2024|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65785637|title=Manchester City 2–1 Manchester United|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=3 June 2023|accessdate=19 April 2024}}</ref> On that occasion the club was presented with a commemorative shield.{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=160}} The trophy which the Wanderers won in 1878 continued to be used until 1895, when it was stolen and never recovered; a new trophy of identical design was made to replace it.{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=20}}
Three weeks after the Cup final, the Wanderers played the winners of the [[1877–78 Scottish Cup]], [[Vale of Leven F.C.|Vale of Leven]], at Kennington Oval. The match between the winners of England and Scotland's national football competitions generated significant interest, but the size of the crowd was impacted by very bad weather. In a game played in very poor conditions, the Wanderers were defeated 3–1.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/142441621|page=12| work = [[Nottinghamshire Guardian]] | access-date = 1 March 2024| via = [[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=subscription | title = Wanderers v Vale of Leven| date =19 April 1878}}</ref> Neither the Wanderers or the Royal Engineers would appear in the final of the FA Cup again after 1878.{{sfn|Soar|Tyler|1983|p=24}} Wanderers' fortunes declined rapidly, partly because many of the team's leading players opted to play instead for the clubs set up specifically for the former pupils of individual schools. The team last took part in the FA Cup in the [[1879–80 FA Cup|1879–80 season]],{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=19}} and by the mid-1880s the Wanderers club had ceased to play matches altogether.{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=20}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2009/oct/29/fa-cup-the-wanderers-unicef|title=The forgotten story of ... the first ever FA Cup winners|first=Will|last=Buckley|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=30 October 2009|accessdate=22 February 2024|archive-date=4 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404105225/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2009/oct/29/fa-cup-the-wanderers-unicef|url-status=live}}</ref> The officers of the Royal Engineers continued to enter the FA Cup until 1883, after which the focus was instead placed on teams open to all ranks representing individual battalions within the corps; these teams took part in the [[FA Amateur Cup]] and army-specific competitions.{{sfn|Warsop|2004|p=20}}{{sfn|Collett|2003|p=528}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
===Works cited===
*{{cite book|title=Nationwide Football Annual 2009–2010|editor-last=Barnes|editor-first=Stuart|year=2009|publisher=[[SportsBooks Limited]]|isbn=978-1-89980-781-9}}
* {{cite book | title= The Complete Record of the FA Cup|last= Collett|first= Mike |year= 2003|publisher= [[SportsBooks Limited]]|isbn=1-89980-719-5}}
*{{cite book |last= Gibbons|first= Philip|title= Association Football in Victorian England – A History of the Game from 1863 to 1900|year= 2001|publisher= Upfront Publishing|isbn= 1-84426-035-6}}
*{{cite book |last1= Soar|first1= Phil|last2=Tyler|first2=Martin |title= Encyclopedia of British Football|year= 1983|publisher= Willow Books |isbn= 0-002-18049-9|authorlink2=Martin Tyler }}
* {{cite book |last= Warsop|first= Keith|title= The Early FA Cup Finals and the Southern Amateurs|year= 2004|publisher= SoccerData|isbn= 1-89946-878-1 }}
{{FA Cup Finals}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fa Cup Final 1878}}
[[Category:FA Cup finals|1878]]
[[Category:1877–78 FA Cup|Final]]
[[Category:1878 in sport in London]]
[[Category:March 1878]]
[[Category:Football competitions in London]]
| 1,276,254,795 |
[{"title": "1878 FA Cup final", "data": {"Event": "1877\u201378 FA Cup", "Wanderers": "Royal Engineers", "3": "1", "Date": "23 March 1878", "Venue": "Kennington Oval, London", "Referee": "Segar Bastard", "Attendance": "4,500"}}]
| false |
# 1646 Rosseland
1646 Rosseland, provisional designation 1939 BG, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 19 January 1939, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. It was later named after Norwegian astrophysicist Svein Rosseland.
## Orbit and classification
The S-type asteroid orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,324 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic. Rosseland was first observed at Johannesburg Observatory as 1937 QH, extending the body's observation arc by 2 years prior to its official discovery observation in 1939.
## Physical characteristics
### Photometry
American astronomer Richard Binzel obtained the first rotational lightcurve of Rosseland in the early 1980s. It gave a rotation period of 69.2 hours with a brightness variation of 0.13 magnitude (U=2). During a survey of presumed slow rotators, photometric observations by Brazilian Cláudia Angeli and colleges gave a period of 69.2 hours and an amplitude of 0.45 magnitude (U=1).
### Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Rosseland measures between 11.48 and 13.49 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.18 and 0.2253. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 12.85 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.82.
## Naming
This minor planet was named in honor of renowned Norwegian astrophysicist Svein Rosseland (1894–1985), founder and first director of the Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics in Oslo. His work on the theory of stellar interiors included studies of stellar rotation and stability and the derivation of the Rosseland mean opacity. The lunar crater Rosseland is also named after him. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 (M.P.C. 3932).
|
enwiki/16477936
|
enwiki
| 16,477,936 |
1646 Rosseland
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1646_Rosseland
|
2024-08-17T14:28:23Z
|
en
|
Q141878
| 124,864 |
{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1646 Rosseland
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| discovered = 19 January 1939
| discoverer = [[Yrjö Väisälä|Y. Väisälä]]
| discovery_site = [[Turku Observatory|Turku Obs.]]
| mpc_name = (1646) Rosseland
| alt_names = 1939 BG{{·}}1937 QH<br />1948 QR{{·}}1955 NB<br />1977 FK{{·}}1980 ME
| named_after = [[Svein Rosseland]]<br />{{small|([[astrophysicist]])}}<ref name="springer" />
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|inner]])}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 79.69 yr (29,105 days)
| aphelion = 2.6435 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 2.0771 AU
| semimajor = 2.3603 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1200
| period = 3.63 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,324 days)
| mean_anomaly = 320.86[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2718|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 8.3787°
| asc_node = 119.98°
| arg_peri = 279.82°
| dimensions = {{val|11.48|3.28}} km<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|11.50|2.88}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|12.130|0.007}} km<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|12.801|0.231}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />12.85 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|13.49|0.27}} km<ref name="AKARI" />
| rotation = {{val|68.9}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="Angeli-1999" /><br />{{val|69.2}} h<ref name="Binzel-1983b" />
| albedo = {{val|0.18|0.10}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.186|0.008}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.19|0.07}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />0.20 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.202|0.030}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|0.2253|0.0341}}<ref name="WISE" />
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]]<ref name="lcdb" />
| abs_magnitude = 11.82<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="AKARI" />{{·}}{{val|11.97|0.11}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}12.06<ref name="Nugent-2016" />
}}
'''1646 Rosseland''', provisional designation {{mp|1939 BG}}, is a stony [[asteroid]] from the inner regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 19 January 1939, by Finnish astronomer [[Yrjö Väisälä]] at [[Turku Observatory]] in Southwest Finland.<ref name="MPC-Rosseland" /> It was later named after Norwegian astrophysicist [[Svein Rosseland]].<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
The [[S-type asteroid]] orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] main-belt at a distance of 2.1–2.6 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 8 months (1,324 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.12 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 8[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> ''Rosseland'' was first observed at [[Johannesburg Observatory]] as {{mp|1937 QH}}, extending the body's [[observation arc]] by 2 years prior to its official discovery observation in 1939.<ref name="MPC-Rosseland" />
== Physical characteristics ==
=== Photometry ===
American astronomer [[Richard P. Binzel|Richard Binzel]] obtained the first rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Rosseland'' in the early 1980s. It gave a [[rotation period]] of 69.2 hours with a brightness variation of 0.13 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2]]}}).<ref name="Binzel-1983b" /> During a survey of presumed [[List of slow rotators (minor planets)|slow rotators]], photometric observations by Brazilian Cláudia Angeli and colleges gave a period of 69.2 hours and an amplitude of 0.45 magnitude ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=1]]}}).<ref name="Angeli-1999" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari]] satellite and NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] with its subsequent [[NEOWISE]] mission, ''Rosseland'' measures between 11.48 and 13.49 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.18 and 0.2253.<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="AKARI" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 12.85 kilometers with an [[absolute magnitude]] of 11.82.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This [[minor planet]] was named in honor of renowned Norwegian astrophysicist [[Svein Rosseland]] (1894–1985), founder and first director of the ''Institute for Theoretical [[Astrophysics]]'' in Oslo. His work on the theory of stellar interiors included studies of stellar rotation and stability and the derivation of the ''Rosseland mean opacity''.<ref name="springer" /> The lunar crater ''[[Rosseland (crater)|Rosseland]]'' is also named after him. The official {{MoMP|1646|naming citation}} was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 20 February 1976 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 3932}}).<ref name="DoMP-Circular-dates" />
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2017-05-04 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1646 Rosseland (1939 BG)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001646
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 30 June 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1646) Rosseland
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|page = 131
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1647 |chapter = (1646) Rosseland }}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Rosseland">{{cite web
|title = 1646 Rosseland (1939 BG)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1646
|accessdate = 26 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="DoMP-Circular-dates">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008)
|chapter = Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs
|last = Schmadel |first=Lutz D.
|date = 2009
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|page = 221
|isbn = 978-3-642-01964-7
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4|bibcode = 2009dmpn.book.....S
}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (1646) Rosseland
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1646%7CRosseland
|accessdate = 26 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|doi-access= free
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1646 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407|s2cid = 35447010 }}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent
|first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera
|date = November 2012
|title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
|volume = 759
|issue = 1
|page = 5
|bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M
|doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8
|arxiv = 1209.5794
|s2cid = 46350317 |access-date= 26 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson
|first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright
|date = December 2015
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 814
|issue = 2
|page = 13
|bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117
|arxiv = 1509.02522
|s2cid = 9341381 |access-date= 26 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer
|first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri
|first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright
|date = September 2016
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 152
|issue = 3
|page = 12
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N
|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63
|arxiv = 1606.08923
|doi-access = free }}</ref>
<ref name="Binzel-1983b">{{Cite journal
|first1 = R. P. |last1 = Binzel
|first2 = J. D. |last2 = Mulholland
|date = December 1983
|title = A photoelectric lightcurve survey of small main belt asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1983Icar...56..519B
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 56
|issue = 3
|pages = 519–533
|issn = 0019-1035
|bibcode = 1983Icar...56..519B
|doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(83)90170-7
|access-date= 26 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Angeli-1999">{{Cite journal
|first1 = C. A. |last1 = Angeli
|first2 = D. |last2 = Lazzaro
|first3 = M. A. |last3 = Florczak
|first4 = A. S. |last4 = Betzler
|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Carvano
|date = May 1999
|title = A contribution to the study of asteroids with longrotational period
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1999P&SS...47..699A
|journal = Planetary and Space Science
|volume = 47
|issue = 5
|pages = 699–714
|bibcode = 1999P&SS...47..699A
|doi = 10.1016/S0032-0633(98)00122-6
|access-date= 26 December 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|s2cid = 53493339 |access-date= 26 December 2016}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|1646}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1645 Waterfield |number=1646 |1647 Menelaus}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rosseland}}
[[Category:Background asteroids|001646]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Yrjö Väisälä]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1939|19390119]]
| 1,240,801,872 |
[{"title": "1646 Rosseland", "data": {"Discovered by": "Y. V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4", "Discovery site": "Turku Obs.", "Discovery date": "19 January 1939"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"MPC designation": "(1646) Rosseland", "Named after": "Svein Rosseland \u00b7 (astrophysicist)", "Alternative designations": "1939 BG \u00b7 1937 QH \u00b7 1948 QR \u00b7 1955 NB \u00b7 1977 FK \u00b7 1980 ME", "Minor planet category": "main-belt \u00b7 (inner)"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Orbital characteristics": ["Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)", "Uncertainty parameter 0"], "Observation arc": "79.69 yr (29,105 days)", "Aphelion": "2.6435 AU", "Perihelion": "2.0771 AU", "Semi-major axis": "2.3603 AU", "Eccentricity": "0.1200", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "3.63 yr (1,324 days)", "Mean anomaly": "320.86\u00b0", "Mean motion": "0\u00b0 16m 18.48s / day", "Inclination": "8.3787\u00b0", "Longitude of ascending node": "119.98\u00b0", "Argument of perihelion": "279.82\u00b0"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Dimensions": "11.48\u00b13.28 km \u00b7 11.50\u00b12.88 km \u00b7 12.130\u00b10.007 km \u00b7 12.801\u00b10.231 km \u00b7 12.85 km (calculated) \u00b7 13.49\u00b10.27 km", "Synodic rotation period": "68.9 h \u00b7 69.2 h", "Geometric albedo": "0.18\u00b10.10 \u00b7 0.186\u00b10.008 \u00b7 0.19\u00b10.07 \u00b7 0.20 (assumed) \u00b7 0.202\u00b10.030 \u00b7 0.2253\u00b10.0341", "Spectral type": "S", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "11.82 \u00b7 11.97\u00b10.11 \u00b7 12.06"}}]
| false |
# 1610 in Norway
Events in the year 1610 in Norway.
## Incumbents
- Monarch: Christian IV[1]
## Events
- 17 June – Prince Christian was proclaimed as heir apparent to Christian IV of Norway, in Oslo.[2]
- 17 August – Christian IV of Denmark-Norway ordered the construction of Altenhus Fortress on the island of Aarøen near Alten in Finnmark county.[3]
- The town of Arendal is founded.
## Births
- 12 May - Arent Berntsen, topographical-statistical author, businessman, banker, estate owner and councillor (died 1680).[4]
### Around 1610
- Lisbet Nypan, alleged witch (d. 1670).[5]
- Hans Hansen Bergen, emigrant from Norway and early/pioneer settler in New Amsterdam (died 1654).[6]
## Deaths
- 5 February – Strange Jørgenssøn, bailiff and businessman (born 1539).[7]
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Use dmy dates |date=December 2023}}
{{Year in Norway|1610}}
Events in the year '''1610 in [[Norway]]'''.
==Incumbents==
*[[List of Norwegian monarchs|Monarch]]: [[Christian IV]]<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Christian 4. |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |location=Oslo |url=https://snl.no/Christian_4. |access-date=21 December 2023 |last=Rian |first=Øystein |editor-last=Bolstad |editor-first=Erik |language=no |last2=Mardal |first2=Magnus A. |last3=Weidling |first3=Tor Ragnar}}</ref>
==Events==
*17 June – Prince [[Christian, Prince-Elect of Denmark|Christian]] was proclaimed as [[heir apparent]] to Christian IV of Norway, in [[Oslo]].<ref name="dbl">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=1889 |title=Christian, udvalgt prins |encyclopedia=[[Dansk biografisk lexikon]] |publisher=Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag |location=Copenhagen |url=https://runeberg.org/dbl/3/0528.html |access-date=17 November 2009 |last=Fridericia |first=J. A. |editor-last=Bricka, Carl Frederik |editor-link=Carl Frederik Bricka |volume=3 |pages=526–529 |language=Danish}}</ref>
*17 August – [[Christian IV of Denmark|Christian IV of Denmark-Norway]] ordered the construction of [[Altenhus Fortress]] on the island of [[Årøya|Aarøen]] near [[Alta (town)|Alten]] in [[Finnmark]] county.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nielsen |first=Jens Petter |url=http://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/a658516724020bf728fce6247cca3b57?index=7 |title=Altas historie (De glemte århundrene 1520-1826) |publisher=Municipality of Alta |year=1990 |isbn=8299465206 |volume=1 |location=Alta |pages=97–98 |language=no}}</ref>
*The town of [[Arendal (town)|Arendal]] is founded.
==Births==
[[File:Arent Berntsen.jpeg |thumb |right |100 px | [[Arent Berntsen]] ]]
*12 May - [[Arent Berntsen]], topographical-statistical author, businessman, banker, estate owner and councillor (died [[1680 in Denmark|1680]]).<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Arent Berntsen |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |location=Oslo |url=https://snl.no/Arent_Berntsen |access-date=26 August 2022 |editor-last=Bolstad |editor-first=Erik |language=no}}</ref>
===Around 1610===
*[[Lisbet Nypan]], alleged witch (d. [[1670 in Norway|1670]]).<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Lisbet Nypan |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=Norsk nettleksikon |location=Oslo |url=https://snl.no/Lisbet_Nypan |access-date=4 September 2020 |editor-last=Bolstad |editor-first=Erik |language=no}}</ref>
*[[Hans Hansen Bergen]], emigrant from Norway and early/pioneer settler in [[New Amsterdam]] (died 1654).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bergen |first=Teunis G. |url=https://archive.org/details/bergenfamilyord01berggoog/page/n11/mode/2up |title=The Bergen Family; Or: The Descendants of Hans Hansen Bergen, One of the Early Settlers of New York and Brooklyn, L. I. |publisher=J. Munsell |year=1876 |access-date=4 March 2021 |authorlink=Teunis G. Bergen}}</ref>
==Deaths==
*5 February – [[Strange Jørgenssøn]], bailiff and businessman (born [[1539]]).<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Strange Jørgenssøn |encyclopedia=[[Norsk biografisk leksikon]] |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Strange_Jørgenssøn/utdypning |access-date=29 October 2012 |last=Fossen |first=Anders Bjarne |editor-last=Helle, Knut |editor-link=Knut Helle |language=no}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal bar|Norway|History|Lists}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Years in Norway during the union with Denmark nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1610}}
[[Category:1610 in Norway| ]]
| 1,276,017,957 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1609 - 1608 - 1607": "1610 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Norway \u00b7 \u2192 - 1611 - 1612 - 1613", "Centuries": "15th 16th 17th 18th 19th", "Decades": "1590s 1600s 1610s 1620s 1630s", "See also": "1610 in Denmark \u00b7 List of years in Norway"}}]
| false |
# 1878 Franklin by-election
The 1874 Franklin by-election was a by-election held on 20 May 1878 in the Franklin electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament.
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Hugh Lusk on 16 April 1878.
At the nomination meeting, Richard Hobbs of Pokeno was put forward. As there were no other nominations, he was declared duly elected.
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Q60776565
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{{short description|New Zealand by-election}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
The '''1874 Franklin by-election''' was a [[List of New Zealand by-elections|by-election]] held on 20 May 1878 in the {{NZ electorate link|Franklin}} electorate during the [[6th New Zealand Parliament]].
The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP [[Hugh Lusk]] on 16 April 1878.<ref name="Wilson">{{cite book |last= Wilson |first= James Oakley |title= New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 |edition= 4th |orig-year= First ed. published 1913 |year= 1985 |publisher= V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer |location= Wellington |oclc=154283103 |page=213}}</ref>
At the nomination meeting, [[Richard Hobbs (politician)|Richard Hobbs]] of Pokeno was put forward. As there were no other nominations, he was declared duly elected.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH18780521.2.23 |title= Franklin Election |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=21 May 1878 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS18780520.2.20 |title= Telegraphic |work= [[Auckland Star]] |date=20 May 1878 }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{1853–1890 New Zealand by-elections}}
[[Category:By-elections in New Zealand|Franklin 1878]]
[[Category:1878 elections in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Politics of the Auckland Region]]
[[Category:May 1878]]
{{NewZealand-election-stub}}
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[]
| false |
# 1910–11 Blackpool F.C. season
The 1910–11 season was Blackpool F.C.'s 14th season (11th consecutive) in the Football League. They competed in the twenty-team Division Two, then the second tier of English football, finishing seventh.
Joe Clennell was the club's top scorer, with nineteen goals (eighteen in the league and one in the FA Cup). It was his only season with Blackpool.
## Season synopsis
Aside from Clennell's goals haul, a strong start to the campaign (only one defeat in their first nine games, including four wins in their first six) plus a four-game win streak between 12 November and 10 December assisted in Blackpool's top-ten finish. As in the previous season, they beat and drew their two matches against the eventual champions (in this case, West Bromwich Albion).
For the second consecutive season, their FA Cup run ended at the first hurdle after losing to Manchester United. After initially being drawn at home to the Red Devils, Blackpool sold the ground rights to United, hence the tie was played at Old Trafford.
## Table
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts |
| --- | ----------------------- | --- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | ----- | --- |
| 5 | Hull City | 38 | 14 | 16 | 8 | 55 | 39 | 1.410 | 44 |
| 6 | Derby County | 38 | 17 | 8 | 13 | 73 | 52 | 1.404 | 42 |
| 7 | Blackpool | 38 | 16 | 10 | 12 | 49 | 38 | 1.289 | 42 |
| 8 | Burnley | 38 | 13 | 15 | 10 | 45 | 45 | 1.000 | 41 |
| 9 | Wolverhampton Wanderers | 38 | 15 | 8 | 15 | 51 | 52 | 0.981 | 38 |
## Player statistics
### Appearances
#### League
- Fiske 33
- Gladwin 35
- Goulding 2
- Threlfall 18
- Connor 31
- Clarke 29
- Beare 9
- Wolstenholme 36
- Miller 6
- Clennell 32
- Cox 28
- Dale 9
- Dawson 4
- Crewdson 30
- Morley 27
- Bradshaw 8
- Hoad 24
- Walters 6
- Quinn 11
- Burt 1
- Evans 17
- Bainbridge 6
- Shaw 4
- Thorpe 7
- Kidd 5
Players used: 23
#### FA Cup
- Fiske 1
- Gladwin 1
- Connor 1
- Clarke 1
- Wolstenholme 1
- Clennell 1
- Cox 1
- Crewdson 1
- Morley 1
- Bradshaw 1
- Hoad 1
Players used: 11
### Goals
#### League
- Clennell 18
- Morley 11
- Connor 6
- Wolstenholme 4
- Cox 3
- Hoad 3
- Bainbridge 1
- Beare 1
- Miller 11
League goals scored: 48 (plus one own-goal)
#### FA Cup
- Clennell 1
FA Cup goals scored: 1
## Transfers
### In
| Date | Player | From | Fee |
| ---- | ------ | ---- | --- |
| | | | |
### Out
| Date | Player | From | Fee |
| ---- | ------ | ---- | --- |
| | | | |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox football club season
|club = Blackpool F.C.
|season = [[1910–11 in English football|1910–11]]
|league = [[Football League Second Division|Division Two]]
|manager = [[Jack Cox (footballer)|Jack Cox]] ([[player-manager]])
|league result = 7th
|league topscorer = [[Joe Clennell]] (18)
|season topscorer = [[Joe Clennell]] (19)
|cup1 = [[FA Cup]]
|cup1 result = First round
|highest attendance =
|lowest attendance =
|pattern_b1=_buttons
|leftarm1=ff0000
|body1=ff0000
|rightarm1=ff0000
|shorts1=ffffff
|socks1=ff0000
|prevseason = [[1909–10 Blackpool F.C. season|1909–10]]
|nextseason = [[1911–12 Blackpool F.C. season|1911–12]]
}}
The '''[[1910–11 in English football|1910–11]] season''' was '''[[Blackpool F.C.]]''''s 14th season (11th consecutive) in the [[The Football League|Football League]]. They competed in the twenty-team [[Football League Second Division|Division Two]], then the second tier of [[Football in England|English football]], finishing seventh.
[[Joe Clennell]] was the club's top scorer, with nineteen goals (eighteen in the league and one in the [[FA Cup]]). It was his only season with Blackpool.
==Season synopsis==
Aside from Clennell's goals haul, a strong start to the campaign (only one defeat in their first nine games, including four wins in their first six) plus a four-game win streak between 12 November and 10 December assisted in Blackpool's top-ten finish. As in the previous season, they beat and drew their two matches against the eventual champions (in this case, [[West Bromwich Albion F.C.|West Bromwich Albion]]).
For the second consecutive season, their [[FA Cup]] run ended at the first hurdle after losing to [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]. After initially being drawn at home to ''the Red Devils'', Blackpool sold the ground rights to United, hence the tie was played at [[Old Trafford]].
==Table==
{{:1910–11 Football League|transcludesection=Second Division|only_totals=y|showteam=BLP}}
==Player statistics==
===Appearances===
====League====
*Fiske 33
*Gladwin 35
*Goulding 2
*Threlfall 18
*Connor 31
*Clarke 29
*Beare 9
*Wolstenholme 36
*[[Walter Miller (footballer)|Miller]] 6
*Clennell 32
*Cox 28
*Dale 9
*Dawson 4
*Crewdson 30
*Morley 27
*Bradshaw 8
*[[Sid Hoad|Hoad]] 24
*Walters 6
*Quinn 11
*[[John Burt (footballer)|Burt]] 1
*Evans 17
*Bainbridge 6
*Shaw 4
*[[Levy Thorpe|Thorpe]] 7
*[[Jimmy Kidd|Kidd]] 5
''Players used: 23''
====FA Cup====
*Fiske 1
*Gladwin 1
*Connor 1
*Clarke 1
*Wolstenholme 1
*Clennell 1
*Cox 1
*Crewdson 1
*Morley 1
*Bradshaw 1
*[[Sid Hoad|Hoad]] 1
''Players used: 11''
===Goals===
====League====
*Clennell 18
*Morley 11
*Connor 6
*Wolstenholme 4
*Cox 3
*[[Sid Hoad|Hoad]] 3
*Bainbridge 1
*Beare 1
*[[Walter Miller (footballer)|Miller]] 1{{ref|1|1}}
''League goals scored: 48 (plus one [[own-goal]])''
====FA Cup====
*Clennell 1
''FA Cup goals scored: 1''
==Transfers==
===In===
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|- bgcolor=AAD0FF
!width=20% |Date
!width=25% |Player
!width=30% |From
!width=15% |Fee
|-
|
|
|
|}
===Out===
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
|- bgcolor=AAD0FF
!width=20% |Date
!width=25% |Player
!width=30% |From
!width=15% |Fee
|-
|
|
|
|}
==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}
*{{note|1|1}} Miller's goal is not listed in Calley's statistics tallies, only in the scorers for each game
==References==
*{{cite book | first=Roy | last=Calley| title=Blackpool: A Complete Record 1887-1992 | publisher=Breedon Books Sport | year=1992 | isbn=1-873626-07-X}}
{{Blackpool F.C. seasons}}
{{1910–11 in English football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1910-11 Blackpool F.C. season}}
[[Category:English football clubs 1910–11 season|Blackpool F.C.]]
[[Category:Blackpool F.C. seasons]]
| 994,325,481 |
[{"title": "Blackpool F.C.", "data": {"Manager": "Jack Cox (player-manager)", "Division Two": "7th", "FA Cup": "First round", "Top goalscorer": "League: Joe Clennell (18) \u00b7 All: Joe Clennell (19)"}}]
| false |
# 1636 in art
Events from the year 1636 in art.
## Events
- (unknown)
## Paintings
- Orazio Gentileschi - Allegory of Peace and the Arts (ceiling for The Queen's House, Greenwich; now at Marlborough House, London)
- Nicolas Poussin
- A Dance to the Music of Time (La Danse des Saisons; 1634-36)
- The Triumph of Pan and The Triumph of Bacchus (decoration of Cardinal Richelieu's château) (1635-36)
- Rembrandt
- Belshazzar's Feast (1635-36)
- The Blinding of Samson (using chiaroscuro)
- Susanna
- ‘’Danae’’
- Jusepe de Ribera
- Saint Sebastian
- Peter Paul Rubens
- [[An Autumn Landscape with a View of Het Steen in the Early Morning]]
- Hercules' Dog Discovers Purple Dye (sketch; approximate date)
- The Judgement of Paris (first version; approximate date)
- Anthony van Dyck - Charles I in Three Positions (1635-36)
## Births
- March - Lancelot Volders, Flemish portrait painter (died 1723)
- November - Adriaen van de Velde, Dutch animal and landscape painter (died 1672)
- date unknown
- Giovanni Battista Beinaschi, Italian painter and engraver active in the late-Renaissance period (died 1688)
- Giovanni Coli, Italian painter from Lucca (died 1691)
- Filippo Maria Galletti, Italian painter of religious works and a Theatine priest (died 1714)
- Philippe Lallemand, French portrait painter (died 1716)
- Agostino Lamma, Italian painter specializing in battle paintings (died 1700)
- Antoine Masson, French line engraver (died 1700)
- Tommaso Misciroli, Italian painter from Faenza (died 1699)
- Catharina Oostfries, Dutch glass painter (died 1709)
- Claudine Bouzonnet-Stella, French engraver (died 1697)
- Giovanni Maria Viani, Italian painter and etcher (died 1700)
- Zou Zhe, Chinese painter of the Qing Dynasty (died 1708)
- probable
- Gerrit Battem, Dutch landscape painter (died 1684)
- Étienne Baudet, French engraver (died 1711)
- Jacob Gillig, Dutch Golden Age painter of still lifes, usually of fish, as well as portraits (died 1701)
- Melchior d'Hondecoeter, Dutch painter of exotic birds in a park-like landscape (died 1695)
- Francesco Vaccaro, Italian painter of landscapes and engraver (died 1675)
- Antonio Verrio, Italian-born mural painter (died 1707)
## Deaths
- January 19 - Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger, Artist of the Tudor court, portraitist (born 1561/1562)
- January 22 - Gregorio Fernández, Spanish sculptor Castilian school of sculpture (born 1576)
- April 6 - Philipp Uffenbach, German painter and etcher (born 1566)
- June 27 - Lambert Jacobsz, Dutch painter (born 1598)
- October 10 – Pieter Brueghel the Younger, painter (born 1564)
- December 6 - Giovanni da San Giovanni, Italian painter (born 1592)
- date unknown
- Giovanni Battista Billoni, Italian painter born in Padua (born 1576)
- Pietro Paolo Bonzi, Italian painter, best known for his landscapes and still-lifes (born 1576)
- Dong Qichang, Chinese painter, scholar, calligrapher, and art theorist of the later period of the Ming Dynasty (born 1555)
- Giovanni Giacomo Pandolfi, Italian painter who worked in his native Pesaro (born 1567)
- Niccolò Roccatagliata, Italian sculptor (born 1593)
- Wen Zhenmeng, Chinese Ming Dynasty painter, calligrapher, scholar, author, and garden designer (born 1574)
- Filippo Zaniberti, Italian Mannerist painter (born 1585)
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1636|art}}
Events from the year '''1636 in art'''.
==Events==
* (unknown)
==Paintings==
[[File:Peter Paul Rubens - An Autumn Landscape with a View of Het Steen - WGA20404.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Peter Paul Rubens|Rubens]] – ''An Autumn Landscape with a View of [[Het Steen]] in the Early Morning'', [[National Gallery]]]]
* [[Orazio Gentileschi]] - ''Allegory of Peace and the Arts'' (ceiling for The [[Queen's House]], [[Greenwich]]; now at [[Marlborough House]], [[London]])
* [[Nicolas Poussin]]
**''[[A Dance to the Music of Time (painting)|A Dance to the Music of Time]]'' (''La Danse des Saisons''; [[1634 in art|1634]]-36)
**''The Triumph of Pan'' and ''The Triumph of Bacchus'' (decoration of [[Cardinal Richelieu]]'s château) ([[1635 in art|1635]]-36)
* [[Rembrandt]]
**''[[Belshazzar's Feast]]'' ([[1635 in art|1635]]-36)
**''[[The Blinding of Samson]]'' (using [[chiaroscuro]])
**''[[:File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 151.jpg|Susanna]]''
** ‘’[[Danae]]’’
* [[Jusepe de Ribera]]
** ''[[Saint Sebastian (Ribera, Madrid)|Saint Sebastian]]''
* [[Peter Paul Rubens]]
**''[[An Autumn Landscape with a View of [[Het Steen]] in the Early Morning]]''
**''[[Hercules' Dog Discovers Purple Dye]]'' (sketch; approximate date)
**''[[The Judgement of Paris (Rubens)|The Judgement of Paris]]'' (first version; approximate date)
* [[Anthony van Dyck]] - ''[[Charles I in Three Positions]]'' (1635-36)
==Births==
*March - [[Lancelot Volders]], Flemish portrait painter (died [[1723 in art|1723]])
*November - [[Adriaen van de Velde]], [[Netherlands|Dutch]] animal and landscape painter (died [[1672 in art|1672]])
*''date unknown''
**[[Giovanni Battista Beinaschi]], Italian painter and engraver active in the late-[[Renaissance]] period (died [[1688 in art|1688]])
**[[Giovanni Coli]], Italian painter from [[Lucca]] (died [[1691 in art|1691]])
**[[Filippo Maria Galletti]], Italian painter of religious works and a [[Theatine]] priest (died [[1714 in art|1714]])
**[[Philippe Lallemand]], French portrait painter (died [[1716 in art|1716]])
**[[Agostino Lamma]], Italian painter specializing in battle paintings (died [[1700 in art|1700]])
**[[Antoine Masson]], [[French people|French]] line [[Engraving|engraver]] (died [[1700 in art|1700]])
**[[Tommaso Misciroli]], Italian painter from [[Faenza]] (died [[1699 in art|1699]])
**[[Catharina Oostfries]], Dutch glass painter (died [[1709 in art|1709]])
**[[Claudine Bouzonnet-Stella]], French engraver (died [[1697 in art|1697]])
**[[Giovanni Maria Viani]], Italian painter and [[etcher]] (died [[1700 in art|1700]])
**[[Zou Zhe]], Chinese painter of the [[Qing Dynasty]] (died [[1708 in art|1708]])
*''probable''
**[[Gerrit Battem]], [[Netherlands|Dutch]] landscape painter (died [[1684 in art|1684]])
**[[Étienne Baudet]], French engraver (died [[1711 in art|1711]])
**[[Jacob Gillig]], [[Dutch Golden Age painting|Dutch Golden Age painter]] of still lifes, usually of fish, as well as portraits (died [[1701 in art|1701]])
**[[Melchior d'Hondecoeter]], Dutch painter of exotic birds in a park-like landscape (died [[1695 in art|1695]])
**[[Francesco Vaccaro (painter)|Francesco Vaccaro]], Italian painter of [[landscape art|landscape]]s and engraver (died [[1675 in art|1675]])
**[[Antonio Verrio]], Italian-born mural painter (died [[1707 in art|1707]])
==Deaths==
*[[January 19]] - [[Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger]], [[Artist of the Tudor court]], [[portraitist]] (born [[1561 in art|1561/1562]])
*[[January 22]] - [[Gregorio Fernández]], [[Spanish people|Spanish]] sculptor [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] school of sculpture (born [[1576 in art|1576]])
*[[April 6]] - [[Philipp Uffenbach]], German painter and etcher (born [[1566 in art|1566]])
*[[June 27]] - [[Lambert Jacobsz]], Dutch painter (born [[1598 in art|1598]])
*[[October 10]] – [[Pieter Brueghel the Younger]], painter (born [[1564 in art|1564]])
*[[December 6]] - [[Giovanni da San Giovanni]], Italian painter (born [[1592 in art|1592]])
*''date unknown''
**[[Giovanni Battista Billoni]], Italian painter born in [[Padua]] (born [[1576 in art|1576]])
**[[Pietro Paolo Bonzi]], Italian painter, best known for his [[landscapes]] and [[still-lifes]] (born [[1576 in art|1576]])
**[[Dong Qichang]], [[Chinese painter]], [[scholarly method|scholar]], [[calligrapher]], and art theorist of the later period of the [[Ming Dynasty]] (born [[1555 in art|1555]])
**[[Giovanni Giacomo Pandolfi]], Italian painter who worked in his native [[Pesaro]] (born [[1567 in art|1567]])
**[[Niccolò Roccatagliata]], Italian sculptor (born [[1593 in art|1593]])
**[[Wen Zhenmeng]], Chinese [[Ming Dynasty]] painter, calligrapher, scholar, author, and garden designer (born [[1574 in art|1574]])
**[[Filippo Zaniberti]], Italian Mannerist painter (born [[1585 in art|1585]])
[[Category:1636 in art| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 17th century in art]]
[[Category:1630s in art]]
| 1,255,642,276 |
[]
| false |
# 1635 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
## Events
- August 27 – Spanish playwright and poet Lope de Vega dies aged 72 of scarlet fever in Madrid. This year also his illegitimate son Lope Félix, another poet, is drowned in a shipwreck off the coast of Venezuela and his youngest daughter Antonia Clara is abducted.
- Ottoman Turkish poet Nef'i is garroted in the grounds of the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul for his satirical verses.
## Works published
### Great Britain
- Thomas Heywood:
- The Hierarchie of the Blessed Angells, has the much-quoted passage "Mellifluous Shakes-peare, whose inchanting Quill/Commanded Mirth or Passion" ...[1]
- Philocothonista; or, The Drunkard, Opened, Dissected, and Anatomized[1]
- Francis Quarles, Emblemes[1]
- Joseph Rutter, The Shepheard's Holy-Day: A pastorall tragi-comaedie[1]
- George Wither, A Collection of Emblemes, Ancient and Moderne, with emblems printed from engravings originally produced by Crispijn van de Passe the Elder for Gabriel Rollenhagen's Nucleus Emblematorum 1611–1613[1]
### Other
- Gabriel Bocángel, Lira de las muses ("The Muses' Lyre"), containing both ballads and sonnets; Spain[2]
- Jean Chapelain, De la poésie représentative, France
- Lope de Vega, Filis, eclogue, Spain
- Antoine Godeau, Discours sur la Poésie Chrétienne, France[3]
## Births
- February 21 – Thomas Flatman (died 1688), English poet and miniature painter
- June 3 – Philippe Quinault (died 1688), French dramatist, poet, and librettist
- September 20 (bapt.) – Thomas Sprat (died 1713), English bishop and poet
## Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
- March – Thomas Randolph (born 1605), English poet and dramatist
- April 7 – Leonard Digges (born 1588), English poet and translator
- April 25 – Alessandro Tassoni (born 1565), Italian
- July 28 – Richard Corbet (born 1582), English
- August 7 – Friedrich Spee (born 1591), German Jesuit and poet
- August 27 – Lope de Vega (born 1562), Spanish playwright and poet
- October 18 – Jean de Schelandre (born c. 1585), French
- Nef'i (born 1582?), Ottoman Turkish[4]
- Shen Yixiu (born 1590), Chinese poet and mother of female poets Ye Xiaoluan, Ye Wanwan and Ye Xiaowan[5]
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1635|poetry|literature}}
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, [[Irish poetry|Irish]] or [[French poetry|France]]).
==Events==
*[[August 27]] – [[Spanish poetry|Spanish]] playwright and poet [[Lope de Vega]] dies aged 72 of [[scarlet fever]] in [[Madrid]]. This year also his illegitimate son Lope Félix, another poet, is drowned in a shipwreck off the coast of [[Venezuela]] and his youngest daughter Antonia Clara is abducted.
* [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Turkish poetry|Turkish]] poet [[Nef'i]] is garroted in the grounds of the [[Topkapi Palace]] in [[Istanbul]] for his satirical verses.
==Works published==
===[[English poetry|Great Britain]]===
* [[Thomas Heywood]]:
** ''The Hierarchie of the Blessed Angells'', has the much-quoted passage "Mellifluous Shakes-peare, whose inchanting Quill/Commanded Mirth or Passion" ...<ref name=cocel>{{cite book|editor=Cox, Michael|title=The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-19-860634-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conciseoxfordchr00coxm}}</ref>
** ''Philocothonista; or, The Drunkard, Opened, Dissected, and Anatomized''<ref name=cocel/>
* [[Francis Quarles]], ''Emblemes''<ref name=cocel/>
* [[Joseph Rutter]], ''The Shepheard's Holy-Day: A pastorall tragi-comaedie''<ref name=cocel/>
* [[George Wither]], ''A Collection of Emblemes, Ancient and Moderne'', with emblems printed from engravings originally produced by [[Crispijn van de Passe|Crispijn van de Passe the Elder]] for [[Gabriel Rollenhagen]]'s ''Nucleus Emblematorum'' [[1611 in poetry|1611]]–[[1613 in poetry|1613]]<ref name=cocel/>
===Other===
* [[Gabriel Bocángel]], ''Lira de las muses'' ("The Muses' Lyre"), containing both ballads and sonnets; [[Spanish poetry|Spain]]<ref>Hamos, Andrea Warren, [https://books.google.com/books?id=bsvkun_p3SgC&dq=%22Gabriel+Boc%C3%A1ngel%22&pg=PA221 "Bocángel y Unzueta, Gabriel"] in
Bleiberg, Germán, ''Dictionary of the literature of the Iberian peninsula, Volume 1'' p. 221. Retrieved from Google Books 2011-09-05.</ref>
* [[Jean Chapelain]], ''De la poésie représentative'', [[French poetry|France]]
* [[Lope de Vega]], ''Filis'', [[eclogue]], [[Spanish poetry|Spain]]
* [[Antoine Godeau]], ''Discours sur la Poésie Chrétienne'', [[French poetry|France]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Clark|first=Alexander Frederick Bruce|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9385ZgRwSy4C&q=Beaumont+%22Concerning+the+True+Form+of+English%22&pg=PA408|title=Boileau and the French Classical Critics in England (1660-1830)|pages=308–309|publisher=Franklin, Burt|year=1971|isbn=978-0-8337-4046-5|accessdate=2010-02-11}}</ref>
==Births==
* February 21 – [[Thomas Flatman]] (died [[1688 in poetry|1688]]), [[English poetry|English]] poet and miniature painter
* June 3 – [[Philippe Quinault]] (died [[1688 in poetry|1688]]), [[French poetry|French]] [[dramatist]], poet, and [[librettist]]
* September 20 ''(bapt.)'' – [[Thomas Sprat]] (died [[1713 in poetry|1713]]), [[English poetry|English]] bishop and poet
==Deaths==
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* March – [[Thomas Randolph (poet)|Thomas Randolph]] (born [[1605 in poetry|1605]]), [[English poetry|English]] poet and dramatist
* April 7 – [[Leonard Digges (writer)|Leonard Digges]] (born [[1588 in poetry|1588]]), [[English poetry|English]] poet and translator
* April 25 – [[Alessandro Tassoni]] (born [[1565 in poetry|1565]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]]
* July 28 – [[Richard Corbet]] (born [[1582 in poetry|1582]]), [[English poetry|English]]
* August 7 – [[Friedrich Spee]] (born [[1591 in poetry|1591]]), [[German poetry|German]] Jesuit and poet
* August 27 – [[Lope de Vega]] (born [[1562 in poetry|1562]]), [[Spanish poetry|Spanish]] playwright and poet
* October 18 – [[Jean de Schelandre]] (born c. [[1585 in poetry|1585]]), [[French poetry|French]]
* [[Nef'i]] (born [[1582 in poetry|1582]]?), [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Turkish poetry|Turkish]]<ref name=npepap>{{cite book|author1=Preminger, Alex |author2=Brogan, T. V. F. |title=The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics|url=https://archive.org/details/newprincetonency00alex |url-access=registration |year=1993|location=New York: MJF Books/Fine Communications|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
* [[Shen Yixiu]] (born [[1590 in poetry|1590]]), [[Chinese poetry|Chinese]] poet and mother of female poets [[Ye Xiaoluan]], [[Ye Wanwan]] and [[Ye Xiaowan]]<ref name=kscwwtc>{{cite book|author1=Chang, Kang-i Sun|author-link=Kang-i Sun Chang|author2=Saussy, Haun|author2-link=Haun Saussy|author3=Kwong, Charles Yim-tze |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xRNnU-SpDyYC|title=Women writers of traditional China: an anthology of poetry and criticism|page=267|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-8047-3231-4}}</ref>
==See also==
{{portal|Poetry}}
* [[Poetry]]
* [[17th century in poetry]]
* [[17th century in literature]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
{{Poetry of different cultures and languages}}
{{Lists of poets}}
[[Category:17th-century poetry]]
[[Category:1635|Poetry]]
[[Category:1635 poems|*]]
| 1,231,333,154 |
[]
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# 1636 in Denmark
Events from the year 1636 in Denmark.
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Christian IV[1]
## Events
- 24 November – The first stones for the foundation are brought to the Rundetårn construction site on Købmagergade in Copenhagen, first from the city's ramparts and later from the area around Roskilde.[2]
### Undated
- The earliest documented Danish immigrants to the new world, Jan Jansen and his wife Engeltje, along with their children, arrive in the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam in 1636.[3]
- Ole Worm succeeds Jesper Rasmussen Brochmand as Rector of the University of Copenhagen.
## Births
### Full date missing
- Otto Grote zu Schauen, statesman (died 1693)
## Publications
- Ole Worm: Runir seu Danica literatura antiquissima ("Runes: the oldest Danish literature")
- Christen Sørensen Longomontanus: Disputatio de Matheseos Indole
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| 84,433 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in Denmark|1636}}
Events from the year '''1636 in [[Denmark]]'''.
== Incumbents ==
* Monarch – [[Christian IV of Denmark|Christian IV]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Christian IV: Scandinavian king|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christian-IV|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=19 November 2019|language=en}}</ref>
==Events==
* 24 November {{ndash}} The first stones for the foundation are brought to the [[Rundetårn]] construction site on [[Købmagergade]] in Copenhagen, first from the city's ramparts and later from the area around [[Roskilde]].<ref name="Trinitatis Kirke og Rundetaarn">{{cite web|url=http://www.kloakviden.dk/peter_privat/Historie/trinitatis_kirke_og_rundetaarn.htm|title=Trinitatis Kirke og Rundetaarn|publisher=kloakviden.dk|access-date=2009-12-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109034646/http://www.kloakviden.dk/peter_privat/Historie/trinitatis_kirke_og_rundetaarn.htm|archive-date=2011-01-09|language=da}}</ref>
===Undated===
* The earliest documented [[Danish Americans|Danish immigrants]] to the new world, Jan Jansen and his wife Engeltje, along with their children, arrive in the Dutch colony of [[New Amsterdam]] in 1636.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924028827009|title=Scandinavian Immigrants in New York, 1630-1674|first=John Oluf|last=Evjen|year=1916|location=Minneapolis|publisher=K. C. Holter|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
* [[Ole Worm]] succeeds [[Jesper Brochmand|Jesper Rasmussen Brochmand]] as [[List of rectors of the University of Copenhagen|Rector of the University of Copenhagen]].
== Births==
===Full date missing===
* [[Otto Grote zu Schauen]], statesman (died [[1693 in Denmark|1693]])
== Deaths ==
{{Empty section|date=February 2023}}
==Publications==
* [[Ole Worm]]: ''Runir seu Danica literatura antiquissima'' ("Runes: the oldest Danish literature")
*[[Christen Sørensen Longomontanus]]: ''Disputatio de Matheseos Indole''
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Denmark year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1636}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1636 Denmark}}
[[Category:1636 in Denmark| ]]
[[Category:1636 by country|Denmark]]
[[Category:Years of the 17th century in Denmark]]
| 1,244,605,544 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1635 - 1634 - 1633": "1636 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Denmark \u00b7 \u2192 - 1637 - 1638 - 1639", "Decades": "1610s 1620s 1630s 1640s 1650s", "See also": "Other events of 1636 \u00b7 List of years in Denmark"}}]
| false |
# 1910–11 Celtic F.C. season
The 1910–11 Scottish football season was Celtic's 23rd season of competitive football, in which they competed in the Scottish First Division. The Glasgow club had a disappointing League campaign as, after winning six championships in a row, they would only manage to end up 5th, 11 points behind champions Rangers.
Celtic did, however, win the Scottish Cup for the 7th time, their 17th major domestic trophy ever, as they defeated Hamilton Academical 2-0 in a replay on 15 April 1911, a week after the originally scheduled final had ended in a 0-0 draw.
## Results
### Scottish First Division
| 17 August 1910 First Division | Celtic | 3 - 0 | Airdrieonains | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 8,000 |
| 20 August 1910 First Division | Falkirk | 2 - 1 | Celtic | Falkirk |
| | | | | Stadium: Brockville Park Attendance: 12,000 |
| 27 August 1910 First Division | Celtic | 0 - 1 | Morton | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 5,000 |
| 3 September 1910 First Division | Kilmarnock | 1 - 0 | Celtic | Kilmarnock |
| | | | | Stadium: Rugby Park Attendance: 8,500 |
| 17 September 1910 First Division | Celtic | 2 – 1 | Dundee | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 25,000 |
| 19 September 1910 First Division | Hibernian | 0 – 4 | Celtic | Edinburgh |
| | | | | Stadium: Easter Road Attendance: 12,000 |
| 26 September 1910 First Division | Partick Thistle | 1 - 1 | Celtic | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Firhill Park Attendance: 18,000 |
| 1 October 1910 First Division | Queen's Park | 0 - 1 | Celtic | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Hampden Park Attendance: 12,000 |
| 3 October 1910 First Division | Raith Rovers | 2 – 1 | Celtic | Kirkcaldy |
| | | | | Stadium: Stark's Park Attendance: 7,000 |
| 15 October 1910 First Division | Celtic | 0 – 0 | Hearts | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 9,000 |
| 22 October 1910 First Division | Hamilton Academical | 0 – 1 | Celtic | Hamilton |
| | | | | Stadium: Douglas Park Attendance: 10,000 |
| 29 October 1910 First Division | Celtic | 0 - 1 | Rangers | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 32,000 |
| 5 November 1910 First Division | Celtic | 5 – 0 | St Mirren | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 7,000 |
| 12 November 1910 First Division | Airdrieonians | 0 - 0 | Celtic | Airdrie |
| | | | | Stadium: Broomfield Park Attendance: 8,000 |
| 19 November 1910 First Division | Celtic | 0 - 0 | Third Lanark | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 8,000 |
| 26 November 1910 First Division | Dundee | 1 - 0 | Celtic | Dundee |
| | | | | Stadium: Dens Park Attendance: 18,000 |
| 3 December 1910 First Division | Celtic | 3 - 0 | Motherwell | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 3,000 |
| 10 December 1910 First Division | Clyde | 0 - 2 | Celtic | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Shawfield Stadium Attendance: 15,000 |
| 17 December 1910 First Division | Celtic | 2 - 0 | Kilmarnock | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Hampden Park Attendance: 8,000 |
| 24 December 1910 First Division | Morton | 1 - 1 | Celtic | Greenock |
| | | | | Stadium: Cappielow Park Attendance: 7,000 |
| 31 December 1910 First Division | Celtic | 5 - 0 | Raith Rovers | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 8,000 |
| 2 January 1911 First Division | Rangers | 1 - 1 | Celtic | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Ibrox Park Attendance: 71,500 |
| 3 January 1911 First Division | Celtic | 2 - 0 | Clyde | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 15,000 |
| 7 January 1911 First Division | Celtic | 2 - 0 | Partick Thistle | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 12,000 |
| 14 January 1911 First Division | Aberdeen | 1 - 0 | Celtic | Aberdeen |
| | | | | Stadium: Pittodrie Park Attendance: 13,500 |
| 21 January 1911 First Division | Celtic | 0 - 0 | Falkirk | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 7,000 |
| 4 February 1911 First Division | Motherwell | 2 - 1 | Celtic | Motherwell |
| | | | | Stadium: Fir Park Attendance: 10,500 |
| 18 February 1911 First Division | Celtic | 2 - 0 | Queen's Park | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 2,500 |
| 18 March 1911 First Division | St Mirren | 1 - 1 | Celtic | Paisley |
| | | | | Stadium: St Mirren Park, Love Street Attendance: 8,000 |
| 25 March 1911 First Division | Celtic | 2 - 0 | Hibernian | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 4,000 |
| 1 April 1911 First Division | Hearts | 1 - 1 | Celtic | Edinburgh |
| | | | | Stadium: Tynecastle Park Attendance: 12,000 |
| 17 April 1911 First Division | Third Lanark | 1 - 1 | Celtic | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Cathkin Park Attendance: 8,000 |
| 26 April 1911 First Division | Celtic | 3 - 0 | Hamilton Academical | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 2,000 |
| 29 April 1911 First Division | Celtic | 0 - 0 | Aberdeen | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 3,000 |
### Scottish Cup
| 28 January 1911 First round | Celtic | 2 - 0 | St Mirren | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 15,000 |
| 11 February 1911 Second round | Celtic | 1 - 0 | Galston | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 5,000 |
| 25 February 1911 Third round | Celtic | 1 - 0 | Clyde | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 40,000 |
| 11 March 1911 Semi-final | Celtic | 1 - 0 | Aberdeen | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Celtic Park Attendance: 48,000 |
| 8 April 1911 Final | Celtic | 0 - 0 | Hamilton Academical | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Ibrox Park Attendance: 45,000 |
| 15 April 1911 Final Replay | Celtic | 2 - 0 | Hamilton Academical | Glasgow |
| | | | | Stadium: Ibrox Park Attendance: 25,000 |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox football club season
|club=[[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|season=1910–11
|manager= [[Willie Maley]]
|chairman=
|stadium=[[Celtic Park]]
|league=[[Scottish First Division]]
|league result=[[1910–11 Scottish Division One|5th]]
|cup1=[[Scottish Cup]]
|cup1 result=[[1910–11 Scottish Cup#Final|Winners]]
|league topscorer=
|season topscorer=
|highest attendance=
|lowest attendance=
|average attendance=
|prevseason=[[1909–10 Celtic F.C. season|1909–10]]
|nextseason=[[1911–12 Celtic F.C. season|1911–12]]
}}
The 1910–11 Scottish football season was [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]'s 23rd season of competitive football, in which they competed in the [[Scottish First Division]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.londonhearts.com/scores/a1910/celtic1911.htm|title=Results for Celtic for 1910-11|website=www.londonhearts.com}}</ref> The Glasgow club had a disappointing League campaign as, after winning six championships in a row, they would only manage to end up 5th, 11 points behind champions [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]].
Celtic did, however, win the [[Scottish Cup]] for the 7th time, their 17th major domestic trophy ever, as they defeated Hamilton Academical 2-0 in a replay on 15 April 1911, a week after the originally scheduled final had ended in a 0-0 draw.
==Results==
===Scottish First Division===
{{Main|1910–11 Scottish Division One}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 17 August 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 3 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Airdrieonians F.C. (1878)|Airdrieonains]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 8,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 20 August 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]]
|score = 2 - 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Brockville Park]]
|location = [[Falkirk]]
|attendance = 12,000
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 27 August 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 0 - 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Morton F.C.|Morton]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 5,000
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 3 September 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]]
|score = 1 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Rugby Park]]
|location = [[Kilmarnock]]
|attendance = 8,500
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 17 September 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 2 – 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 25,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 19 September 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]]
|score = 0 – 4
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Easter Road]]
|location = [[Edinburgh]]
|attendance = 12,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 26 September 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Partick Thistle F.C.|Partick Thistle]]
|score = 1 - 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Firhill Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 18,000
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 1 October 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]]
|score = 0 - 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Hampden Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 12,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 3 October 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]]
|score = 2 – 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Stark's Park]]
|location = [[Kirkcaldy]]
|attendance = 7,000
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 15 October 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 0 – 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Hearts]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 9,000
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 22 October 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Hamilton Academical F.C.|Hamilton Academical]]
|score = 0 – 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Douglas Park]]
|location = [[Hamilton, South Lanarkshire|Hamilton]]
|attendance = 10,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 29 October 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 0 - 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 32,000
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 5 November 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 5 – 0
|report =
|team2 = [[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 7,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 12 November 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Airdrieonians F.C. (1878)|Airdrieonians]]
|score = 0 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Broomfield Park]]
|location = [[Airdrie, North Lanarkshire|Airdrie]]
|attendance = 8,000
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 19 November 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 0 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Third Lanark A.C.|Third Lanark]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 8,000
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 26 November 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]]
|score = 1 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Dens Park]]
|location = [[Dundee]]
|attendance = 18,000
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 3 December 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 3 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 3,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 10 December 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Clyde F.C.|Clyde]]
|score = 0 - 2
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Shawfield Stadium]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 15,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 17 December 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 2 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Kilmarnock F.C.|Kilmarnock]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Hampden Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 8,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 24 December 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Morton F.C.|Morton]]
|score = 1 - 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Cappielow Park]]
|location = [[Greenock]]
|attendance = 7,000
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 31 December 1910
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 5 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 8,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 2 January 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]
|score = 1 - 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Ibrox Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 71,500
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 3 January 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 2 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Clyde F.C.|Clyde]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 15,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 7 January 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 2 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Partick Thistle F.C.|Partick Thistle]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 12,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 14 January 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]]
|score = 1 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Pittodrie Park]]
|location = [[Aberdeen]]
|attendance = 13,500
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 21 January 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 0 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Falkirk F.C.|Falkirk]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 7,000
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 4 February 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]]
|score = 2 - 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Fir Park]]
|location = [[Motherwell]]
|attendance = 10,500
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 18 February 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 2 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Queen's Park F.C.|Queen's Park]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 2,500
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 18 March 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]]
|score = 1 - 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Love Street (stadium)|St Mirren Park, Love Street]]
|location = [[Paisley, Renfrewshire|Paisley]]
|attendance = 8,000
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 25 March 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 2 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibernian]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 4,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 1 April 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Heart of Midlothian F.C.|Hearts]]
|score = 1 - 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Tynecastle Park]]
|location = [[Edinburgh]]
|attendance = 12,000
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 17 April 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Third Lanark A.C.|Third Lanark]]
|score = 1 - 1
|report =
|team2 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Cathkin Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 8,000
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 26 April 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 3 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Hamilton Academical F.C.|Hamilton Academical]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 2,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Division One|First Division]]
|date = 29 April 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 0 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 3,000
|referee =
|result = D
}}
===Scottish Cup===
{{Main|1910–11 Scottish Cup}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Cup#First round|First round]]
|date = 28 January 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 2 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 15,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Cup#Second round|Second round]]
|date = 11 February 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 1 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Galston F.C.|Galston]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 5,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1911–12 Scottish Cup#Third round|Third round]]
|date = 25 February 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 1 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Clyde F.C.|Clyde]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 40,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1910–11 Scottish Cup#Semi-final|Semi-final]]
|date = 11 March 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 1 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Celtic Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 48,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1911 Scottish Cup Final|Final]]
|date = 8 April 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 0 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Hamilton Academical F.C.|Hamilton Academical]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Ibrox Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 45,000
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[1911 Scottish Cup Final|Final Replay]]
|date = 15 April 1911
|time =
|team1 = [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]]
|score = 2 - 0
|report =
|team2 = [[Hamilton Academical F.C.|Hamilton Academical]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Ibrox Park]]
|location = [[Glasgow]]
|attendance = 25,000
|referee =
|result = W
}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Celtic F.C. seasons}}
{{1910–11 in Scottish football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1910-11 Celtic F.C. season}}
[[Category:Celtic F.C. seasons]]
[[Category:Scottish football clubs 1910–11 season|Celtic]]
| 1,274,358,393 |
[{"title": "Celtic", "data": {"Manager": "Willie Maley", "Stadium": "Celtic Park", "Scottish First Division": "5th", "Scottish Cup": "Winners"}}]
| false |
# (277475) 2005 WK4
(277475) 2005 WK4, provisional designation 2005 WK4, is a stony, sub-kilometer asteroid, classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group that passed Earth within 8.2 lunar distances on 8 August 2013. It was discovered on 27 November 2005, by astronomers of the Siding Spring Survey at Siding Spring Observatory, Australia.
## Description
In August 2013, 2005 WK4 was radar-imaged by the Deep Space Network dish at Goldstone Observatory, United States, and had been observed previously at Arecibo Observatory in July 2012 (this was not a close approach though).
### Physical characteristics
2005 WK4 measures approximately 250 meters in diameter, and has a rotation period of 2.595 hours. Its spectral type is that of an Sk-subtype, which transitions from the stony S-type to the uncommon K-type asteroids.
|
enwiki/40260660
|
enwiki
| 40,260,660 |
(277475) 2005 WK4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(277475)_2005_WK4
|
2024-06-18T01:15:30Z
|
en
|
Q14752023
| 111,378 |
{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|(277475) 2005 WK|4}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = {{mp|(277475) 2005 WK|4}}
| background = #FFC2E0
| image = Radar Goldstone (277475) 2005 WK4.jpg
| image_scale =
| caption = {{mp|2005 WK|4}} imaged 30 times by radar at [[Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex|Goldstone]] on 8 August 2013
| discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="MPC-object" />
| discoverer = [[Siding Spring Survey|Siding Spring Srvy.]]
| discovery_site = [[Siding Spring Observatory|Siding Spring Obs.]]
| discovered = 27 November 2005
| mpc_name = (277475) {{mp|2005 WK|4}}
| alt_names = {{mp|2005 WK|4}}
| pronounced =
| named_after = <!--[[xafter]]<br />{{small|()}}<ref name="MPC-object" />-->
| mp_category = {{nowrap|[[Apollo asteroid|Apollo]]{{·}}[[Near-Earth object|NEO]]{{·}}[[Potentially hazardous object|PHA]]<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="MPC-object" />}}
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 8.71 yr (3,180 days)
| aphelion = 1.2506 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 0.7707 AU
| semimajor = 1.0106 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2374
| period = 1.02 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (371 days)
| mean_anomaly = 81.040[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.9701|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 9.8433°
| asc_node = 138.14°
| arg_peri = 74.063°
| moid = 0.0037 AU{{·}}1.4 [[Lunar distance (astronomy)|LD]]
| dimensions = {{val|0.25|0.05}} km{{efn|name=lcdb-Benner-2013}}<br />0.284 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| rotation = {{val|2.595|0.002}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="Stephens-2014b" /><br />{{val|2.7|0.1}} h{{efn|name=lcdb-Benner-2013}}<br />{{val|2.73|0.05}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" />
| albedo = 0.20 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]][[K-type asteroid|k]]<ref name="Hicks-2013b" />{{·}}[[S-type asteroid|S]] {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} {{val|0.677|0.025}}<ref name="Hicks-2013b" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|V–R]] {{=}} {{val|0.446|0.019}}<ref name="Hicks-2013b" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|V–I]] {{=}} {{val|0.750|0.024}}<ref name="Hicks-2013b" />
| abs_magnitude = 20.1<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" />
}}
'''{{mp|(277475) 2005 WK|4}}''', provisional designation {{mp|2005 WK|4}}, is a stony, sub-kilometer [[asteroid]], classified as [[near-Earth object]] and [[potentially hazardous asteroid]] of the [[Apollo asteroid|Apollo group]] that passed Earth within 8.2 [[Lunar distance (astronomy)|lunar distances]] on 8 August 2013.<ref name=wk4 /> It was discovered on 27 November 2005, by astronomers of the [[Siding Spring Survey]] at [[Siding Spring Observatory]], Australia.<ref name="MPC-object" />
== Description ==
In August 2013, {{mp|2005 WK|4}} was radar-imaged by the Deep Space Network dish at [[Goldstone Observatory]], United States,<ref name=wk4/> and had been observed previously at [[Arecibo Observatory]] in July 2012 (this was not a close approach though).<ref>[http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2005WK4/2005WK4_planning.html#Background 2005WK4 - Background]</ref>
=== Physical characteristics ===
{{mp|2005 WK|4}} measures approximately 250 meters in diameter, and has a [[rotation period]] of 2.595 hours.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Stephens-2014b" />{{efn|name=lcdb-Benner-2013}} Its [[Asteroid spectral type|spectral type]] is that of an Sk-subtype, which transitions from the stony [[S-type asteroid|S-type]] to the uncommon [[K-type asteroid]]s.<ref name="Hicks-2013b" />
== See also ==
* [[List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2013]]
== Notes ==
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=lcdb-Benner-2013|1=Benner (2013): radiometric observations: [[mean diameter]] {{val|0.25|0.05}} km; rotation period {{val|2.7|0.1}} hours. Summary figures at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=277475%7C LCDB]; also see [https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/asteroids/news/asteroid20130815.html#.Ug6A8PJJqOJ NASA news report]}}
}} <!-- end of notelist -->
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2014-08-12 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 277475 (2005 WK4)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2277475
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 20 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 277475 (2005 WK4)
|work = [[Minor Planet Center]]
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=277475
|accessdate = 20 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web
|title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (277475)
|last = Behrend |first = Raoul
|publisher = Geneva Observatory
|url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page5cou.html#277475
|accessdate = 20 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (277475)
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=277475%7C
|accessdate = 20 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Stephens-2014b">{{Cite journal
|author = Stephens, Robert D.
|date = January 2014
|title = Asteroids Observed from CS3: 2013 July-September
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014MPBu...41...13S
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 41
|issue = 1
|pages = 13–15
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2014MPBu...41...13S
|access-date= 20 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Hicks-2013b">{{Cite journal
|first1 = M. |last1 = Hicks
|first2 = B. |last2 = Buratt
|first3 = A. |last3 = Carcione
|first4 = R. |last4 = Borlase
|date = August 2013
|title = Broadband Photometry Of The Potentially Asteroid 277475 (2005 WK4) and Corrected 52762 (1998 MT24) Colors.
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013ATel.5311....1H
|journal = The Astronomer's Telegram
|volume = 5311
|issue = 5311
|page = 1
|bibcode = 2013ATel.5311....1H
|access-date= 20 January 2018}}</ref>
<ref name=wk4>{{cite web |title=Radar Images of Asteroid 2005 WK4 |website=[[NASA]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924181901/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/asteroids/news/asteroid20130815.html |archive-date=24 September 2021 |url-status=live |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/asteroids/news/asteroid20130815.html#.Ug58vPJJqOI}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* [http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/2005WK4/2005WK4_planning.html Radar images]
* [https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-254 Radar Images of Asteroid 2005 WK4], NASA news, 15 August 2013
* [http://www.virtualtelescope.eu/tag/2005-wk4/ Optical image], virtualtelescope.eu
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* {{NeoDys|277475}}
* {{ESA-SSA|277475|2005WK4}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator | |number=277475 |PageName={{mp|(277475) 2005 WK|4}} | }}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{2013 in space}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:2005 WK4}}
[[Category:Apollo asteroids|277475]]
[[Category:Discoveries by SSS|277475]]
[[Category:Radar-imaged asteroids|277475]]
[[Category:Potentially hazardous asteroids|277475]]
[[Category:Near-Earth objects in 2013|20130808]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2005|20051127]]
| 1,229,660,203 |
[{"title": "Discovery", "data": {"Discovered by": "Siding Spring Srvy.", "Discovery site": "Siding Spring Obs.", "Discovery date": "27 November 2005"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"MPC designation": "(277475) 2005 WK4", "Alternative designations": "2005 WK4", "Minor planet category": "Apollo \u00b7 NEO \u00b7 PHA"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Orbital characteristics": ["Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)", "Uncertainty parameter 0"], "Observation arc": "8.71 yr (3,180 days)", "Aphelion": "1.2506 AU", "Perihelion": "0.7707 AU", "Semi-major axis": "1.0106 AU", "Eccentricity": "0.2374", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "1.02 yr (371 days)", "Mean anomaly": "81.040\u00b0", "Mean motion": "0\u00b0 58m 12.36s / day", "Inclination": "9.8433\u00b0", "Longitude of ascending node": "138.14\u00b0", "Argument of perihelion": "74.063\u00b0", "Earth MOID": "0.0037 AU \u00b7 1.4 LD"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Dimensions": "0.25\u00b10.05 km \u00b7 0.284 km (calculated)", "Synodic rotation period": "2.595\u00b10.002 h \u00b7 2.7\u00b10.1 h \u00b7 2.73\u00b10.05 h", "Geometric albedo": "0.20 (assumed)", "Spectral type": "Sk \u00b7 S (assumed) \u00b7 B\u2013V = 0.677\u00b10.025 \u00b7 V\u2013R = 0.446\u00b10.019 \u00b7 V\u2013I = 0.750\u00b10.024", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "20.1"}}]
| false |
# 1899–1900 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season
The 1899–1900 season was Tottenham's fourth season as a fully professional club and the 17th year in existence. After overcrowding at Northumberland Park, Tottenham moved into their new stadium of White Hart Lane. Their first record game at the ground was a friendly in which they hosted Notts County with 5,000 spectators in a 4–1 spectacle.
Tottenham had a successful campaign in the Southern League winning the competition. They also played in the Southern District Combination league were they came second.
## Squad
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| --- | ---- | ------ | -------------- |
| — | GK | ENG | George Clawley |
| — | GK | RSA | Wilf Waller |
| — | GK | SCO | David Haddow |
| — | DF | SCO | Harry Erentz |
| — | DF | ENG | Jimmy Melia |
| — | DF | SCO | Sandy Tait |
| — | MF | ENG | Tom Smith |
| — | MF | WAL | Jack Jones |
| — | MF | ENG | Len Hyde |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| --- | ---- | ------ | --------------- |
| — | MF | WAL | Ted Hughes |
| — | MF | ENG | Tom Morris |
| — | MF | NIR | Jack Kirwan |
| — | MF | SCO | Robert Stormont |
| — | MF | SCO | James McNaught |
| — | FW | ENG | Tom Pratt |
| — | FW | SCO | David Copeland |
| — | FW | SCO | John Cameron |
| — | FW | ENG | Arthur Rule |
## Transfers
### In
| Date from | Position | Nationality | Name | From | Fee | Ref. |
| ------------- | -------- | ---------------- | -------------- | ------------------- | ------- | ------ |
| 1899 | GK | England | George Clawley | Stoke | Unknown | [ 2 ] |
| 1899 | DF | England | Tom Morris | | Unknown | [ 3 ] |
| March 1899 | FW | England | Arthur Rule | Sheppey United | Unknown | [ 4 ] |
| May 1899 | FW | Scotland | David Copeland | Bedminster | Unknown | [ 5 ] |
| May 1899 | DF | Scotland | Sandy Tait | Preston North End | Unknown | [ 6 ] |
| May 1899 | MF | England | Len Hyde | Wellingborough Town | Unknown | [ 7 ] |
| April 1899 | FW | England | Tom Pratt | Preston North End | Unknown | [ 8 ] |
| July 1899 | DF | Wales | Ted Hughes | Everton | Unknown | [ 9 ] |
| July 1899 | MF | Northern Ireland | Jack Kirwan | Everton | Unknown | [ 10 ] |
| November 1899 | GK | Scotland | David Haddow | | Unknown | [ 11 ] |
## Competitions
### Southern League
#### Table
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | ----------------- | --- | -- | - | -- | -- | -- | ----- | --- | ---------------------------------- |
| 1 | Tottenham Hotspur | 28 | 20 | 4 | 4 | 67 | 26 | 2.577 | 44 | |
| 2 | Portsmouth | 28 | 20 | 1 | 7 | 59 | 29 | 2.034 | 41 | Directly elected into Division One |
| 3 | Southampton | 28 | 17 | 1 | 10 | 70 | 33 | 2.121 | 35 | |
| 4 | Reading | 28 | 15 | 2 | 11 | 41 | 28 | 1.464 | 32 | |
| 5 | Swindon Town | 28 | 15 | 2 | 11 | 50 | 42 | 1.190 | 32 | |
1. ↑ Portsmouth founded 5 April 1898, before Royal Artillery Portsmouth disbanded in 1899.
#### Results
| 2 September 1899 1 | Millwall | 1–3 | Tottenham Hotspur | Isle of Dogs, London |
| | | | | Stadium: The Athletic Grounds |
| 9 September 1899 2 | Tottenham Hotspur | 1–0 | Queens Park Rangers | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 16 September 1899 3 | Chatham | 2–3 | Tottenham Hotspur | Chatham, Kent |
| | | | | Stadium: Maidstone Road |
| 23 September 1899 4 | Tottenham Hotspur | 2–1 | Reading | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 2 October 1899 5 | Tottenham Hotspur | 4–0 | Gravesend United | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 7 October 1899 6 | Tottenham Hotspur | 6–1 | Brighton United | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 14 October 1899 7 | Bedminster | 2–1 | Tottenham Hotspur | Ashton Gate, Bristol |
| | | | | Stadium: Ashton Gate Stadium |
| 21 October 1899 8 | Tottenham Hotspur | 1–0 | Bristol Rovers | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 4 November 1899 9 | Tottenham Hotspur | 1–0 | Thames Ironworks | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 2 December 1899 10 | Swindon Town | 0–2 | Tottenham Hotspur | Swindon, Wiltshire |
| | | | | Stadium: County Ground |
| 9 December 1899 11 | Tottenham Hotspur | 2–2 | Bristol City | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 16 December 1899 12 | Cowes | 1–6 | Tottenham Hotspur | Isle of Wight |
| 25 December 1899 13 | Tottenham Hotspur | 3–0 | Portsmouth | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 26 December 1899 14 | Southampton | 3–1 | Tottenham Hotspur | Southampton, Hampshire |
| | | | | Stadium: The Dell |
| 30 December 1899 15 | Tottenham Hotspur | 2–1 | Millwall | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 6 January 1900 16 | Queens Park Rangers | 0–0 | Tottenham Hotspur | Kensal Green, London |
| | | | | Stadium: Kensal Rise Athletic Ground |
| 13 January 1900 17 | Tottenham Hotspur | 2–1 | Chatham | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 20 January 1900 18 | Reading | 0–1 | Tottenham Hotspur | Reading, Berkshire |
| | | | | Stadium: Elm Park |
| 3 February 1900 19 | Sheppey United | 1–4 | Tottenham Hotspur | Isle of Sheppey, Kent |
| | | | | Stadium: Botany Road |
| 10 February 1900 20 | Brighton United | 0–3 | Tottenham Hotspur | Brighton, Sussex |
| 17 February 1900 21 | Tottenham Hotspur | 5–2 | Bedminster | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 24 February 1900 23 | Bristol Rovers | 2–2 | Tottenham Hotspur | Bath, Somerset |
| | | | | Stadium: Twerton Park |
| 3 March 1900 24 | Portsmouth | 1–0 | Tottenham Hotspur | Portsmouth, Hampshire |
| | | | | Stadium: Fratton Park |
| 10 March 1900 25 | Thames Ironworks | 0–0 | Tottenham Hotspur | West Ham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: Memorial Grounds |
| 19 March 1900 26 | Tottenham Hotspur | 5–1 | Bristol Rovers | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 24 March 1900 27 | Tottenham Hotspur | 1–0 | New Brompton | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 31 March 1900 28 | Gravesend United | 2–6 | Tottenham Hotspur | Gravesend, Kent |
| | | | | Stadium: Overcliffe Ground |
| 7 April 1900 29 | Tottenham Hotspur | 3–0 | Swindon Town | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 13 April 1900 30 | Tottenham Hotspur | 2–0 | Southampton | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 14 April 1900 31 | Bristol City | 3–0 | Tottenham Hotspur | Bristol, Gloucestershire |
| | | | | Stadium: St John's Lane |
| 16 April 1900 32 | Tottenham Hotspur | 3–0 | Sheppey United | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
1. 1 2 Game void after Brighton United resigned from the Southern League on 10 March 1900.[13]
2. ↑ Tottenham against Bristol Rovers: Game was abandoned after 55 minutes.[13]
3. ↑ Cowes Football Club resigned from the Southern League on 18 December 1899 due to financial reasons.[13]
### Southern District Combination League
#### Table
| Pos | Club | P | W | D | L | F | A | Pts |
| --- | ------------------- | -- | -- | - | -- | -- | -- | --- |
| 1 | Millwall | 16 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 30 | 10 | 26 |
| 2 | Tottenham Hotspur | 15 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 40 | 16 | 23 |
| 3 | Portsmouth | 16 | 9 | 2 | 5 | 30 | 16 | 20 |
| 4 | Woolwich Arsenal | 15 | 7 | 1 | 7 | 25 | 21 | 15 |
| 5 | Bristol City | 16 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 25 | 32 | 13 |
| 6 | Southampton | 16 | 5 | 2 | 9 | 23 | 30 | 12 |
| 7 | Reading | 16 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 28 | 12 |
| 8 | Chatham | 16 | 5 | 2 | 9 | 12 | 35 | 12 |
| 9 | Queens Park Rangers | 16 | 4 | 1 | 11 | 19 | 28 | 9 |
Note: The match between Woolwich Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur played on 24 April 1900 was abandoned after 55 minutes due to crowd trouble. Arsenal were ahead 2–1.
#### Results
| 18 September 1899 1 | Tottenham Hotspur | 2–0 | Portsmouth | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 11 October 1899 2 | Reading | 2–1 | Tottenham Hotspur | Reading, Berkshire |
| | | | | Stadium: Elm Park |
| 16 October 1899 3 | Tottenham Hotspur | 1–2 | Millwall | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 23 October 1899 4 | Queens Park Rangers | 1–3 | Tottenham Hotspur | Kensal Green, London |
| | | | | Stadium: Kensal Rise Athletic Ground |
| 30 October 1899 5 | Tottenham Hotspur | 3–0 | Reading | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 6 November 1899 6 | Tottenham Hotspur | 8–0 | Chatham | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 15 November 1899 7 | Bristol City | 3–3 | Tottenham Hotspur | Bristol, Gloucestershire |
| | | | | Stadium: St John's Lane |
| 20 November 1899 8 | Tottenham Hotspur | 3–1 | Queens Park Rangers | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 4 December 1899 9 | Chatham | 0–1 | Tottenham Hotspur | Chatham, Kent |
| 8 January 1900 10 | Tottenham Hotspur | 3–2 | Southampton | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 17 January 1900 11 | Portsmouth | 2–2 | Tottenham Hotspur | Portsmouth, Hampshire |
| | | | | Stadium: Fratton Park |
| 12 March 1900 12 | Tottenham Hotspur | 2–0 | Bristol City | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 17 April 1900 13 | Tottenham Hotspur | 4–2 | Woolwich Arsenal | Tottenham, London |
| | | | | Stadium: White Hart Lane |
| 24 April 1900 14 | Woolwich Arsenal | 2–1 | Tottenham Hotspur | Plumstead, London |
| | | | | Stadium: Manor Ground |
| 26 April 1900 15 | Millwall | 0–0 | Tottenham Hotspur | Isle of Dogs, London |
| | | | | Stadium: The Athletic Grounds |
| 30 April 1900 16 | Southampton | 1–4 | Tottenham Hotspur | Southampton, Hampshire |
| | | | | Stadium: The Dell |
1. ↑ The Woolwich Arsenal game played on 24 April 1900 was abandoned after 55 minutes and never replayed.
### FA Cup
#### Results
| 27 January 1900 First round | Preston North End | 1–0 | Tottenham Hotspur | Preston, Lancashire |
| | | | | Stadium: Deepdale Attendance: 7,000 |
## Bibliography
- Soar, Phil (1995). Tottenham Hotspur The Official Illustrated History 1882–1995. Hamlyn. ISBN 0-600-58706-1.
- Goodwin, Bob (1992). The Spurs Alphabet. ACL & Polar Publishing (UK) Ltd. ISBN 0-9514862-8-4.
|
enwiki/74023450
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enwiki
| 74,023,450 |
1899–1900 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899%E2%80%931900_Tottenham_Hotspur_F.C._season
|
2023-12-29T10:27:02Z
|
en
|
Q120000045
| 259,938 |
{{Infobox football club season
|club = [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]
|season = [[1899–1900 in English football|1899–1900]]
|image =
|image_size =
|alt =
|caption =
|chairman =
|owner =
|mgrtitle =
|manager =
|stadium = [[White Hart Lane]]
|league = [[Southern Football League|Southern League]]
|league result = '''Champions'''
|league2 = Southern District Combination
|league2 result = 2nd
|cup1 = [[FA Cup]]
|cup1 result = ''[[1899–1900 FA Cup|First round]]''
|league topscorer = [[Tom Pratt (footballer, born 1873)|Tom Pratt]] (19)
|season topscorer =
|highest attendance =
|lowest attendance =
|average attendance =
|largest win =
|largest loss =
| prevseason = [[1898–99 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season|1898–99]]
| nextseason = [[1900–01 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season|1900–01]]
}}
The '''1899–1900 season''' was Tottenham's fourth season as a fully professional club and the 17th year in existence. After overcrowding at Northumberland Park, Tottenham moved into their new stadium of [[White Hart Lane]]. Their first record game at the ground was a friendly in which they hosted [[Notts County F.C.|Notts County]] with 5,000 spectators in a 4–1 spectacle.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/05/12/glory-nights-gazzas-gun-spurs-prepare-bid-fond-farewell-white/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/05/12/glory-nights-gazzas-gun-spurs-prepare-bid-fond-farewell-white/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Glory nights and Gazza's gun – Spurs prepare to bid a fond farewell to White Hart Lane |first=Jonathan |last=Liew |date=12 May 2017 |work=The Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}{{subscription}}</ref>
Tottenham had a successful campaign in the Southern League winning the competition. They also played in the Southern District Combination league were they came second.
==Squad==
{{fs start}}
{{fs player |pos=GK |nat=ENG |name=[[George Clawley]]}}
{{fs player |pos=GK |nat=SAF |name=[[Wilf Waller]]}}
{{fs player |pos=GK |nat=SCO |name=[[David Haddow]]}}
{{fs player |pos=DF |nat=SCO |name=[[Harry Erentz]]}}
{{fs player |pos=DF |nat=ENG |name=[[James Melia (footballer, born 1874)|Jimmy Melia]]}}
{{fs player |pos=DF |nat=SCO |name=[[Sandy Tait]]}}
{{fs player |pos=MF |nat=ENG |name=[[Tom Smith (footballer, born 1876)|Tom Smith]]}}
{{fs player |pos=MF |nat=WAL |name=[[Jack Jones (footballer, born 1869)|Jack Jones]]}}
{{fs player |pos=MF |nat=ENG |name=[[Len Hyde]]}}
{{fs mid}}
{{fs player |pos=MF |nat=WAL |name=[[Ted Hughes (footballer)|Ted Hughes]]}}
{{fs player |pos=MF |nat=ENG |name=[[Tom Morris (footballer, born 1875)|Tom Morris]]}}
{{fs player |pos=MF |nat=NIR |name=[[Jack Kirwan]]}}
{{fs player |pos=MF |nat=SCO |name=[[Robert Stormont]]}}
{{fs player |pos=MF |nat=SCO |name=[[James McNaught]]}}
{{fs player |pos=FW |nat=ENG |name=[[Tom Pratt (footballer, born 1873)|Tom Pratt]]}}
{{fs player |pos=FW |nat=SCO |name=[[David Copeland (footballer)|David Copeland]]}}
{{fs player |pos=FW |nat=SCO |name=[[John Cameron (footballer, born 1872)|John Cameron]]}}
{{fs player |pos=FW |nat=ENG |name=[[Arthur Rule]]}}
{{fs end}}
==Transfers==
===In ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#081159; width:120px;" | Date from
! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#081159; width:50px;" | Position
! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#081159; width:50px;" | Nationality
! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#081159; width:200px;" | Name
! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#081159; width:200px;" | From
! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#081159; width:110px;" | Fee
! style="background:#FFFFFF; color:#081159; width:30px;" | Ref.
|-
|1899
|GK
|{{flagicon|ENG}}
|[[George Clawley]]
|[[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke]]
| Unknown
|{{sfn|Goodwin|1992|p=79}}
|-
|1899
|DF
|{{flagicon|ENG}}
|[[Tom Morris (footballer, born 1875)|Tom Morris]]
|
| Unknown
|{{sfn|Goodwin|1992|p=269}}
|-
|March 1899
|FW
|{{flagicon|ENG}}
|[[Arthur Rule]]
|[[Sheppey United F.C.|Sheppey United]]
| Unknown
|{{sfn|Goodwin|1992|p=318}}
|-
|May 1899
|FW
|{{flagicon|SCO}}
|[[David Copeland (footballer)|David Copeland]]
|[[Bedminster F.C.|Bedminster]]
| Unknown
|{{sfn|Goodwin|1992|p=92}}
|-
|May 1899
|DF
|{{flagicon|SCO}}
|[[Sandy Tait]]
|[[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]]
| Unknown
|{{sfn|Goodwin|1992|p=351}}
|-
|May 1899
|MF
|{{flagicon|ENG}}
|[[Len Hyde]]
|[[Wellingborough Town F.C.|Wellingborough Town]]
| Unknown
|{{sfn|Goodwin|1992|p=200}}
|-
|April 1899
|FW
|{{flagicon|ENG}}
|[[Tom Pratt (footballer, born 1873)|Tom Pratt]]
|[[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]]
| Unknown
|{{sfn|Goodwin|1992|p=300}}
|-
|July 1899
|DF
|{{flagicon|WAL}}
|[[Ted Hughes]]
|[[Everton F.C.|Everton]]
| Unknown
|{{sfn|Goodwin|1992|p=194}}
|-
|July 1899
|MF
|{{flagicon|NIR}}
|[[Jack Kirwan]]
|[[Everton F.C.|Everton]]
| Unknown
|{{sfn|Goodwin|1992|p=220}}
|-
|November 1899
|GK
|{{flagicon|SCO}}
|[[David Haddow]]
|
| Unknown
|{{sfn|Goodwin|1992|p=164}}
|}
==Competitions==
===Southern League===
{{main|1899–1900 Southern Football League}}
====Table====
{{:1899–1900 Southern Football League|transcludesection=Division One|showteam=TOT}}
====Results====
{{football box collapsible
|date = 2 September 1899
|time =
|round = 1
|score = 1–3
|report =
|team1 = [[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[The Athletic Grounds (Isle of Dogs)|The Athletic Grounds]]
|location = [[Isle of Dogs]], London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 9 September 1899
|time =
|round = 2
|score = 1–0
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[White Hart Lane]]
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 16 September 1899
|time =
|round = 3
|score = 2–3
|report =
|team1 = [[Chatham F.C.|Chatham]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = Maidstone Road
|location = [[Chatham, Kent]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 23 September 1899
|time =
|round = 4
|score = 2–1
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 2 October 1899
|time =
|round = 5
|score = 4–0
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Gravesend United F.C.|Gravesend United]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 7 October 1899
|time =
|round = 6
|score = 6–1{{efn|group=SL|name=brighton|Game void after Brighton United resigned from the Southern League on 10 March 1900.{{sfn|Soar|1995|p=234}}}}
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Brighton United F.C.|Brighton United]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 14 October 1899
|time =
|round = 7
|score = 2–1
|report =
|team1 = [[Bedminster F.C.|Bedminster]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Ashton Gate Stadium]]
|location = [[Ashton Gate, Bristol]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 21 October 1899
|time =
|round = 8
|score = 1–0{{efn|group=SL|name=Rovers|Tottenham against Bristol Rovers: Game was abandoned after 55 minutes.{{sfn|Soar|1995|p=234}}}}
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Bristol Rovers F.C.|Bristol Rovers]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 4 November 1899
|time =
|round = 9
|score = 1–0
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Thames Ironworks F.C.|Thames Ironworks]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 2 December 1899
|time =
|round = 10
|score = 0–2
|report =
|team1 = [[Swindon Town F.C.|Swindon Town]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[County Ground (Swindon)|County Ground]]
|location = [[Swindon]], [[Wiltshire]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 9 December 1899
|time =
|round = 11
|score = 2–2
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Bristol City F.C.|Bristol City]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 16 December 1899
|time =
|round = 12
|score = 1–6{{efn|group=SL|name=Cowes|Cowes Football Club resigned from the Southern League on 18 December 1899 due to financial reasons.{{sfn|Soar|1995|p=234}}}}
|report =
|team1 = [[Cowes F.C.|Cowes]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|location = [[Isle of Wight]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 25 December 1899
|time =
|round = 13
|score = 3–0
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 26 December 1899
|time =
|round = 14
|score = 3–1
|report =
|team1 = [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[The Dell (Southampton)|The Dell]]
|location = [[Southampton]], [[Hampshire]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 30 December 1899
|time =
|round = 15
|score = 2–1
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 6 January 1900
|time =
|round = 16
|score = 0–0
|report =
|team1 = [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = Kensal Rise Athletic Ground
|location = [[Kensal Green]], London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 13 January 1900
|time =
|round = 17
|score = 2–1
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Chatham F.C.|Chatham]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 20 January 1900
|time =
|round = 18
|score = 0–1
|report =
|team1 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Elm Park (stadium)|Elm Park]]
|location = [[Reading, Berkshire]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 3 February 1900
|time =
|round = 19
|score = 1–4
|report =
|team1 = [[Sheppey United F.C.|Sheppey United]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = Botany Road
|location = [[Isle of Sheppey]], [[Kent]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 10 February 1900
|time =
|round = 20
|score = 0–3{{efn|group=SL|name=brighton}}
|report =
|team1 = [[Brighton United F.C.|Brighton United]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|location = [[Brighton]], [[Sussex]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 17 February 1900
|time =
|round = 21
|score = 5–2
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Bedminster F.C.|Bedminster]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 24 February 1900
|time =
|round = 23
|score = 2–2
|report =
|team1 = [[Bristol Rovers F.C.|Bristol Rovers]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Twerton Park]]
|location = [[Bath, Somerset]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 3 March 1900
|time =
|round = 24
|score = 1–0
|report =
|team1 = [[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Fratton Park]]
|location = [[Portsmouth]], [[Hampshire]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 10 March 1900
|time =
|round = 25
|score = 0–0
|report =
|team1 = [[Thames Ironworks F.C.|Thames Ironworks]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Memorial Grounds]]
|location = [[West Ham]], London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 19 March 1900
|time =
|round = 26
|score = 5–1
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Bristol Rovers F.C.|Bristol Rovers]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 24 March 1900
|time =
|round = 27
|score = 1–0
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[New Brompton F.C.|New Brompton]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 31 March 1900
|time =
|round = 28
|score = 2–6
|report =
|team1 = [[Gravesend United F.C.|Gravesend United]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = Overcliffe Ground
|location = [[Gravesend]], [[Kent]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 7 April 1900
|time =
|round = 29
|score = 3–0
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Swindon Town F.C.|Swindon Town]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 13 April 1900
|time =
|round = 30
|score = 2–0
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 14 April 1900
|time =
|round = 31
|score = 3–0
|report =
|team1 = [[Bristol City F.C.|Bristol City]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[St John's Lane]]
|location = [[Bristol]], [[Gloucestershire]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 16 April 1900
|time =
|round = 32
|score = 3–0
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Sheppey United F.C.|Sheppey United]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{notelist|group=SL}}
===Southern District Combination League===
====Table====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!width="25"|Pos!!width="200"|Club!!width="25"|P!!width="25"|W!!width="25"|D!!width="25"|L!!width="25"|F!!width="25"|A!!width="40"|Pts
|- style="background:#D0F0C0;"
|1||align="left"|[[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]]|| 16 || 12 || 2 || 2 || 30 || 10 || 26
|-
|2||align="left"|[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]]|| 15 || 10 || 3 || 2 || 40 || 16 || 23
|-
|3||align="left"|[[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]]|| 16 || 9 || 2 || 5 || 30 || 16 || 20
|-
|4||align="left"|[[Arsenal F.C.|Woolwich Arsenal]]|| 15 || 7 || 1 || 7 || 25 || 21 || 15
|-
|5||align="left"|[[Bristol City F.C.|Bristol City]]|| 16 || 5 || 3 || 8 || 25 || 32 || 13
|-
|6||align="left"|[[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]]|| 16 || 5 || 2 || 9 || 23 || 30 || 12
|-
|7||align="left"|[[Reading F.C.|Reading]]|| 16 || 4 || 4 || 8 || 16 || 28 || 12
|-
|8||align="left"|[[Chatham F.C.|Chatham]]|| 16 || 5 || 2 || 9 || 12 || 35 || 12
|-
|9||align="left"|[[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]]|| 16 || 4 || 1 || 11 || 19 || 28 || 9
|-
|}
Note: The match between Woolwich Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur played on 24 April 1900 was abandoned after 55 minutes due to crowd trouble. Arsenal were ahead 2–1.
====Results====
{{football box collapsible
|date = 18 September 1899
|time =
|round = 1
|score = 2–0
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 11 October 1899
|time =
|round = 2
|score = 2–1
|report =
|team1 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Elm Park (stadium)|Elm Park]]
|location = [[Reading, Berkshire]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 16 October 1899
|time =
|round = 3
|score = 1–2
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 23 October 1899
|time =
|round = 4
|score = 1–3
|report =
|team1 = [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = Kensal Rise Athletic Ground
|location = [[Kensal Green]], London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 30 October 1899
|time =
|round = 5
|score = 3–0
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Reading F.C.|Reading]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 6 November 1899
|time =
|round = 6
|score = 8–0
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Chatham F.C.|Chatham]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 15 November 1899
|time =
|round = 7
|score = 3–3
|report =
|team1 = [[Bristol City F.C.|Bristol City]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[St John's Lane]]
|location = [[Bristol]], [[Gloucestershire]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 20 November 1899
|time =
|round = 8
|score = 3–1
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 4 December 1899
|time =
|round = 9
|score = 0–1
|report =
|team1 = [[Chatham F.C.|Chatham]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|location = [[Chatham, Kent]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 8 January 1900
|time =
|round = 10
|score = 3–2
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 17 January 1900
|time =
|round = 11
|score = 2–2
|report =
|team1 = [[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Fratton Park]]
|location = [[Portsmouth]], [[Hampshire]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 12 March 1900
|time =
|round = 12
|score = 2–0
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Bristol City F.C.|Bristol City]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 17 April 1900
|time =
|round = 13
|score = 4–2
|report =
|team1 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals1 =
|team2 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Woolwich Arsenal]]
|goals2 =
|stadium = White Hart Lane
|location = Tottenham, London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 24 April 1900
|time =
|round = 14
|score = 2–1{{efn|group=SDC|The Woolwich Arsenal game played on 24 April 1900 was abandoned after 55 minutes and never replayed.}}
|report =
|team1 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Woolwich Arsenal]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Manor Ground (Plumstead)|Manor Ground]]
|location = [[Plumstead]], London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result =
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 26 April 1900
|time =
|round = 15
|score = 0–0
|report =
|team1 = [[Millwall F.C.|Millwall]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[The Athletic Grounds (Isle of Dogs)|The Athletic Grounds]]
|location = [[Isle of Dogs]], London
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 30 April 1900
|time =
|round = 16
|score = 1–4
|report =
|team1 = [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[The Dell (Southampton)|The Dell]]
|location = [[Southampton]], [[Hampshire]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{notelist|group=SDC}}
===FA Cup===
{{main|1899–1900 FA Cup}}
====Results====
{{football box collapsible
|date = 27 January 1900
|time =
|round = First round
|score = 1–0
|report =
|team1 = [[Preston North End F.C.|Preston North End]]
|goals1 =
|team2 = Tottenham Hotspur
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Deepdale]]
|location = [[Preston, Lancashire]]
|attendance = 7,000
|referee =
|result = L
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |first=Phil |last=Soar |title=Tottenham Hotspur The Official Illustrated History 1882–1995 |year=1995 |publisher=Hamlyn |isbn=0-600-58706-1 }}
* {{cite book |title=The Spurs Alphabet |first=Bob |last=Goodwin |isbn=0-9514862-8-4 |publisher=ACL & Polar Publishing (UK) Ltd |year=1992}}
{{Tottenham Hotspur F.C. seasons}}
{{1899–1900 in English football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1899-1900 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season}}
[[Category:Tottenham Hotspur F.C. seasons]]
[[Category:English football clubs 1899–1900 season]]
| 1,192,439,244 |
[{"title": "Tottenham Hotspur", "data": {"Stadium": "White Hart Lane", "Southern League": "Champions", "Southern District Combination": "2nd", "FA Cup": "First round", "Top goalscorer": "Tom Pratt (19)"}}]
| false |
# 1664 in art
Events from the year 1664 in art.
## Events
- Approximate date - Isaac Fuller executes ceiling paintings in chapel of All Souls College, Oxford, England.
## Paintings
- Frans Hals - Regents of the Old Men's Almshouse
- Claude Lorrain - Landscape with Psyche outside the Palace of Cupid (The Enchanted Castle)
- Daniel Schultz - Crimean Falconer of King John II Casimir with his Family
- Willem van de Velde the Younger - The Dutch Fleet in the Goeree Straits (Guinea)
- Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten - Trompe-l'œil Still Life
## Births
- May 20 - Andreas Schlüter, German baroque sculptor and architect in the Petrine Baroque style (died 1714)
- June 3 - Rachel Ruysch, Dutch artist who specialized in still-life paintings of flowers (died 1750)
- December 26 - Johann Melchior Dinglinger, one of Europe's greatest goldsmiths, German artist in a Mannerist tradition into the "Age of Rococo" (died 1731)
- date unknown
- Giuseppe Alberti, Italian painter (died 1716)
- Ferrante Amendola, Italian historical painter (died 1724)
- Juan Bautista Bayuco, Spanish religious-themed painter (died unknown)
- Giacomo Bolognini, Italian painter 1734)
- Philipp Ferdinand de Hamilton, painter from the Southern Netherlands active in Austria (died 1750)
- Guglielmo da Leoni, Italian painter and engraver (died 1740)
- Rolando Marchelli, Italian painter from Genoa (died unknown)
- Alessandro Marchesini, Italian painter of allegories with small figures (died 1738)
- Mehmet Emin Tokadi, Ottoman Sufi saint, writer, calligrapher, and scholar (died 1745)
- Pablo González Velázquez, Spanish Baroque painter (died 1727)
- probable - Torii Kiyonobu I, Japanese painter and printmaker in the ukiyo-e style, especially on Kabuki signboards (died 1729)
## Deaths
- February John Hoskins, English miniature painter (date of birth unknown)
- April 4 - Adam Willaerts, Dutch painter (born 1577)
- April 15 - Lorenzo Lippi, Italian painter and poet (born 1606)
- May 5 - Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione, Italian painter (born 1609)
- May 11 - Salomon de Bray (or Braij), Dutch painter (born 1597)
- July 12 - Stefano della Bella, Italian printmaker known for etchings of many subjects, including military ones (born 1610)
- August 3 - Jacopo Vignali, Florentine painter (born 1592)
- August 27
- Cornelis Pietersz Bega (the "Little Master"), Dutch painter, etcher and draughtsman (born 1631)
- Francisco de Zurbarán, Spanish painter (born 1598)
- date unknown
- Jan Pieter Brueghel, Flemish Baroque painter (born 1628)
- Michel Corneille the Elder, French painter, etcher, and engraver (born 1601)
- Jacob Heinrich Elbfas, Livonia-born portraitist (born 1600)
- probable
- Lan Ying, Chinese painter of landscapes, human figures, flowers and birds during the Ming Dynasty (born 1585)
- (died 1664/1673) Antonio Maria Vassallo, Italian painter of mythological scenes and still lifes (born 1620)
- Reinier Nooms, Dutch maritime painter and etcher (born c. 1623)
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1664|art}}
Events from the year '''1664 in art'''.
==Events==
* Approximate date - [[Isaac Fuller]] executes ceiling paintings in chapel of [[All Souls College, Oxford]], England.
==Paintings==
[[File:Willem van de Velde (II) - The Dutch Fleet in the Goeree Straits (Guinea) - WGA24528.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Willem van de Velde the Younger|van de Velde]] – ''The Dutch Fleet in the Goeree Straits (Guinea)'', [[Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum]]]]
* [[Frans Hals]] - ''[http://www.wga.hu/html_m/h/hals/frans/09-1666/85regen.html Regents of the Old Men's Almshouse]''
* [[Claude Lorrain]] - ''[http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/claude-the-enchanted-castle Landscape with Psyche outside the Palace of Cupid (The Enchanted Castle)]''
* [[Daniel Schultz]] - ''[[:File:Daniel Schultz d. J. 004.jpg|Crimean Falconer of King John II Casimir with his Family]]''
* [[Willem van de Velde the Younger]] - ''The Dutch Fleet in the Goeree Straits (Guinea)''
* [[Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten]] - [[:File:Tromp-l'oeil Still-Life 1664 Hoogstraeten.jpg|Trompe-l'œil Still Life]]
==Births==
*[[May 20]] - [[Andreas Schlüter]], [[Germans|German]] [[baroque]] [[sculptor]] and [[architect]] in the [[Petrine Baroque]] style (died [[1714 in art|1714]])
*[[June 3]] - [[Rachel Ruysch]], Dutch artist who specialized in still-life paintings of flowers (died [[1750 in art|1750]])
*[[December 26]] - [[Johann Melchior Dinglinger]], one of Europe's greatest [[goldsmith]]s, German artist in a [[Mannerism|Mannerist]] tradition into the "[[Rococo|Age of Rococo]]" (died [[1731 in art|1731]])
*''date unknown''
**[[Giuseppe Alberti]], Italian painter (died [[1716 in art|1716]])
**[[Ferrante Amendola]], Italian historical painter (died [[1724 in art|1724]])
**[[Juan Bautista Bayuco]], Spanish religious-themed painter (died ''unknown'')
**[[Giacomo Bolognini]], Italian painter [[1734 in art|1734]])
**[[Philipp Ferdinand de Hamilton]], painter from the Southern Netherlands active in Austria (died [[1750 in art|1750]])
**[[Guglielmo da Leoni]], Italian painter and engraver (died [[1740 in art|1740]])
**[[Rolando Marchelli]], Italian painter from [[Genoa]] (died ''unknown'')
**[[Alessandro Marchesini]], Italian painter of allegories with small figures (died [[1738 in art|1738]])
**[[Mehmet Emin Tokadi]], [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Sufism|Sufi saint]], writer, calligrapher, and scholar (died [[1745 in art|1745]])
**[[Pablo González Velázquez]], Spanish Baroque painter (died [[1727 in art|1727]])
*''probable'' - [[Torii Kiyonobu I]], Japanese painter and printmaker in the ''[[ukiyo-e]]'' style, especially on [[Kabuki]] signboards (died [[1729 in art|1729]])
==Deaths==
*February [[John Hoskins (painter)|John Hoskins]], [[England|English]] [[Portrait miniature|miniature]] [[Painting|painter]] (date of birth ''unknown'')
*[[April 4]] - [[Adam Willaerts]], [[Netherlands|Dutch]] painter (born [[1577 in art|1577]])
*[[April 15]] - [[Lorenzo Lippi]], Italian painter and [[poet]] (born [[1606 in art|1606]])
*[[May 5]] - [[Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione]], Italian painter (born [[1609 in art|1609]])
*[[May 11]] - [[Salomon de Bray]] (or Braij), Dutch painter (born [[1597 in art|1597]])
*[[July 12]] - [[Stefano della Bella]], Italian [[printmaker]] known for [[etching]]s of many subjects, including military ones (born [[1610 in art|1610]])
*[[August 3]] - [[Jacopo Vignali]], Florentine painter (born [[1592 in art|1592]])
*[[August 27]]
**[[Cornelis Pietersz Bega]] (the "Little Master"), Dutch painter, etcher and draughtsman (born [[1631 in art|1631]])
**[[Francisco de Zurbarán]], Spanish painter (born [[1598 in art|1598]])<!-- November 7, 1598-->
*''date unknown''
**[[Jan Pieter Brueghel]], Flemish Baroque painter (born [[1628 in art|1628]])
**[[Michel Corneille the Elder]], [[France|French]] painter, [[etching|etcher]], and [[engraving|engraver]] (born [[1601 in art|1601]])
**[[Jacob Heinrich Elbfas]], [[Livonia]]-born [[portraitist]] (born [[1600 in art|1600]])
*''probable''
**[[Lan Ying]], [[China|Chinese]] painter of [[Landscape painting|landscapes]], human figures, flowers and birds during the [[Ming Dynasty]] (born [[1585 in art|1585]])
**(died 1664/1673) [[Antonio Maria Vassallo]], Italian painter of mythological scenes and [[still-life|still lifes]] (born [[1620 in art|1620]])
**[[Reinier Nooms]], Dutch [[Marine art|maritime]] painter and etcher (born c. [[1623 in art|1623]])
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1664 in art| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 17th century in art]]
[[Category:1660s in art]]
| 1,230,307,531 |
[]
| false |
# 1656 in Sweden
Events from the year 1656 in Sweden
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Charles X Gustav
## Events
- January 17 – Treaty of Königsberg is signed, establishing an alliance between Charles X Gustav of Sweden and Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg.
- Battle of Radom (1656)
- Battle of Gołąb
- April 1 – Lwów Oath: John II Casimir Vasa, King of Poland, crowns the Black Madonna of Częstochowa as Queen and Protector of Poland in the cathedral of Lwów after the miraculous saving of the Jasna Góra Monastery during the Deluge, an event which changed the course of the Second Northern War.
- Battle of Warka
- Russo-Swedish War (1656–58)
- July 28–30 – Battle of Warsaw: Led by King Charles X Gustav of Sweden, the armies of the Swedish Empire and the Margraviate of Brandenburg defeat the forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth near Warsaw.
- Battle of Filipów
- December 20 – Treaty of Labiau is signed between Charles X Gustav of Sweden and Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg.
- Battle of Chojnice (1656)
- The Stockholms Banco, the first bank to issue banknotes, is founded.
- The case of Karin Svensdotter, who claimed to have sexual relations with a fairy.[1]
## Births
- May 26 - Märta Ljungberg, innkeeper and local profile (died 1741)
- date unknown - Gertrud Svensdotter, the first witness accuser in the Great Witch Hunt of 1668 (died 1675)
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{yearbox|
in?= in Sweden|
}}
[[File:Battle of Warka 1656.JPG|thumb|Battle of Warka 1656]]
[[File:Anonymous Triumph of Charles X Gustavus.jpg|thumb|Anonymous Triumph of Charles X Gustav]]
Events from the year '''1656 in [[Sweden]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Swedish monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden|Charles X Gustav]]
==Events==
*
*
*
*
* [[January 17]] – [[Treaty of Königsberg (1656)|Treaty of Königsberg]] is signed, establishing an alliance between [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden]] and [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg]].
* [[Battle of Radom (1656)]]
* [[Battle of Gołąb]]
* [[April 1]] – [[Lwów Oath]]: [[John II Casimir Vasa]], [[King of Poland]], crowns the [[Black Madonna of Częstochowa]] as Queen and Protector of Poland in the cathedral of [[Lwów]] after the miraculous saving of the [[Jasna Góra Monastery]] during the [[Deluge (history)|Deluge]], an event which changed the course of the [[Second Northern War]].
* [[Battle of Warka]]
* [[Russo-Swedish War (1656–58)]]
* [[July 28]]–[[July 30|30]] – [[Battle of Warsaw (1656)|Battle of Warsaw]]: Led by King [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden]], the armies of the [[Swedish Empire]] and the [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]] defeat the forces of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] near [[Warsaw]].
* [[Battle of Filipów]]
* [[December 20]] – [[Treaty of Labiau]] is signed between [[Charles X Gustav of Sweden]] and [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg]].
* [[Battle of Chojnice (1656)]]
* The [[Stockholms Banco]], the first bank to issue [[banknotes]], is founded.
* The case of [[Karin Svensdotter]], who claimed to have sexual relations with a fairy.<ref>Häll, Mikael: "Näckens dödliga dop: Manliga vattenväsen, död och förbjuden sexualitet i det tidigmoderna Sverige", i Historisk tidskrift 2011:3, Stockholm (2011), s. 609–610</ref>
==Births==
* May 26 - [[Märta Ljungberg]], innkeeper and local profile (died [[1741 in Sweden |1741]])
*
*
*
*
* date unknown - [[Gertrud Svensdotter]], the first witness accuser in the Great Witch Hunt of 1668 (died [[1675 in Sweden |1675]])
==Deaths==
*
*
*
*
*
*
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Year in Europe|1656}}
{{Years in Sweden}}
[[Category:1656 in Sweden| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 17th century in Sweden]]
[[Category:1656 by country|Sweden]]
{{Sweden-year-stub}}
| 1,279,555,783 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"Years in Sweden": "1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659", "Centuries": "16th century \u00b7 17th century \u00b7 18th century", "Decades": "1620s 1630s 1640s 1650s 1660s 1670s 1680s", "Years": "1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659"}}]
| false |
# 1899–1900 United States collegiate men's ice hockey season
The 1899–1900 United States collegiate men's ice hockey season was the 6th season of collegiate ice hockey.
Princeton University played several games during the season, however, Princeton's records for its ice hockey team begin with the 1900–01 season.
## Regular season
### Standings
| 1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings |
| | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall |
| GP | W | L | T | PCT. | GF | GA | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | | |
| ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| Brown | 7 | 1 | 5 | 1 | .214 | 17 | 39 | | 7 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 17 | 39 |
| Buffalo | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Columbia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Cornell | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | .000 | 1 | 10 | | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 |
| Harvard | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | .800 | 37 | 12 | | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 56 | 18 |
| MIT | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | .000 | 7 | 24 | | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 15 | 26 |
| Princeton | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | .125 | 6 | 26 | | 6 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 33 |
| Western University of Pennsylvania | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yale | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | 37 | 11 | | 14 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 49 | 38 |
| 1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings |
| | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall |
| GP | W | L | T | PTS | GF | GA | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | | |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ |
| Yale | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 30 | 7 | | 14 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 49 | 38 |
| Columbia | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 21 | 12 | | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Brown | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 22 | † | 7 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 17 | 39 |
| Princeton | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 26 | † | 6 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 33 |
| † The game between Brown and Princeton was cancelled because neither team could finish better than third place. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
enwiki/62743073
|
enwiki
| 62,743,073 |
1899–1900 United States collegiate men's ice hockey season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899%E2%80%931900_United_States_collegiate_men%27s_ice_hockey_season
|
2024-04-01T19:01:15Z
|
en
|
Q85720590
| 86,210 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox College ice hockey season
| gender = men
| year = 1899
| image =
| caption =
| duration = December 1899–<br>March 1900
| champ = [[Yale Bulldogs men's ice hockey|Yale]]
}}
The '''1899–1900 United States collegiate men's ice hockey season''' was the 6th season of collegiate ice hockey.
[[Princeton University]] played several games during the season, however, Princeton's records for its ice hockey team begin with the 1900–01 season.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://goprincetontigers.com/sports/2016/6/28/mens-hockey-all-time-results.aspx?id=1097 |title=Men's Hockey All-Time Results |work=Princeton Tigers |accessdate=January 4, 2020}}</ref>
==Regular season==
===Standings===
{{1899–1900 Collegiate ice hockey standings (men)}}
{{1899–1900 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings (men)}}
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
*[https://www.eliteprospects.com/league/ncaa/standings/1899-1900 1899–1900 NCAA Standings]
==External links==
*[http://www.augenblick.org/chha/ College Hockey Historical Archives]
{{NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Season}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1899-1900 United States collegiate men's ice hockey season}}
[[Category:1899–1900 United States collegiate men's ice hockey season| ]]
[[Category:1899–1900 in American ice hockey by league|College]]
| 1,216,745,716 |
[{"title": "1899\u201300 United States collegiate men's ice hockey season", "data": {"Duration": "December 1899\u2013 \u00b7 March 1900", "Collegiate champion": "Yale"}}, {"title": "United States collegiate men's ice hockey seasons", "data": {"\u2190 1898\u201399": "1900\u201301 \u2192"}}]
| false |
# .bzh
.bzh is an approved Internet generic top-level domain intended for Brittany and the Breton culture and languages. On 10 May 2013, ICANN approved the creation of this domain.
On 27 February 2014, ICANN signed a Registry Agreement with the applicant.
## History
The idea of applying for a .bzh top level domain was first mentioned in 2004 by Christian Ménard, member of the French Parliament. The introduction of the top level .cat domain in 2006 revived the idea. An online petition, initiated by Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez via the Geobreizh.com website, mobilized public opinion and encouraged local authorities to state public support for this project. The Conseil Général d'Ille et Vilaine (14 April 2006), the Conseil Régional de Bretagne (14 June 2006), the Conseil Général du Finistère (15 June 2006) unanimously supported the idea of creation of a .bzh.
In 2007, the Regional Council of Brittany initiated a feasibility study of the project. Under the direction of a steering committee involving various stakeholders, in 2008 this study resulted in the establishment of a formal structure to support the Breton application: www.bzh.
The www.bzh association was responsible for establishing the application, gathering the necessary funds to ensure its submission and its promotion within the Breton community. The association in December 2008 was granted financial support from the Conseil Régional de Bretagne. The online petition received more than 21,000 signatures.
In 2014, the top-level domain .bzh was approved and is now used by a variety of individuals, groups and businesses that are located in Brittany or have links to the region.
In 2023, the Breton internet extension .bzh had more than 12,000 registrations. Alongside the promotion of the .bzh internet extension, the www.bzh association promotes other services to develop Brittany's image on the web, including a campaign for a Breton flag emoji and an email service.
|
enwiki/8543565
|
enwiki
| 8,543,565 |
.bzh
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bzh
|
2025-03-12T18:33:12Z
|
en
|
Q933693
| 70,606 |
{{Short description|Internet top-level domain for Brittany, France}}
{{Infobox Top level domain
| name=.bzh
| image=pik BZH.svg
| caption=.bzh logo
| image_size=140px
| introduced=29 May 2014
| type=[[GeoTLD]]
| status=Delegated
| registry=Association www.bzh
| sponsor=Association www.bzh
| intendeduse=Entities associated with [[Brittany]] or the [[Breton people|Breton]] culture and languages
| actualuse=
| restrictions=Must be an individual or legal entity residing in Brittany (including [[Loire-Atlantique]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pik.bzh/aide-foire-aux-questions-faq/#7|title=Qui peut enregistrer un .bzh ?|work=pik.bzh|accessdate=23 May 2021}}</ref> or<br>
A website in Breton (even partially) published within 6 months or<br>
A website promoting Breton culture (even partially) published within 6 months or<br>
A registrant who is member of association www.bzh
| structure=Registrations would be taken directly at second level
| document=
| disputepolicy=[[UDRP]]
| website={{URL|https://www.pik.bzh/}}
||dnssec=Yes}}
'''.bzh''' is an approved [[Internet]] [[generic top-level domain]] intended for [[Brittany]] and the [[Breton people|Breton]] culture and languages.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.domainesinfo.fr/english/136/brittany-s-bzh-the-next-regional-domain.php |title=Extensions - .bzh : Brittany's .BZH: the next regional domain? - DomainesInfo |publisher=Domainesinfo.fr |date=2007-11-06 |accessdate=2013-10-24 |archive-date=2013-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207095106/http://www.domainesinfo.fr/english/136/brittany-s-bzh-the-next-regional-domain.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/delegated-strings|title=Delegated Strings|work=icann.org|accessdate=23 May 2015}}</ref> On 10 May 2013, [[ICANN]] approved the creation of this domain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newgtlds.icann.org/sites/default/files/ier/hu62oef5uc0u8riu78usp26r/ie-1-989-18963-en.pdf |title=ICANN Evaluation report|date=10 May 2013|accessdate=2013-10-24}}</ref>
On 27 February 2014, [[ICANN]] signed a Registry Agreement with the applicant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/gtldnotification/2014-February/000288.html |title=ICANN GTLD notification email|date=28 February 2014}}</ref>
==History==
The idea of applying for a .bzh top level domain was first mentioned in 2004 by [[Christian Ménard]], member of the French Parliament.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Esch|first1=Cécile|title=Interview : David Lesvenan, Président de l'association www.bzh|url=http://blog.1and1.fr/2015/01/08/interview-david-levesnan-president-de-lassociation-www-bzh/|website=1&1 Blog|accessdate=2 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915040254/http://blog.1and1.fr/2015/01/08/interview-david-levesnan-president-de-lassociation-www-bzh/|archivedate=15 September 2015|language=French|date=8 January 2015}}</ref> The introduction of the top level [[.cat]] domain in 2006 revived the idea.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Derriano|first1=Luc|title=La Bretagne prépare son extension à caractère générique en ".bzh"|url=http://www.caissedesdepotsdesterritoires.fr/cs/ContentServer?pagename=Localtis/artVeille/artVeille&cid=1214195620286|website=Caisse des Dépôts des territoires|accessdate=2 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502092844/http://www.caissedesdepotsdesterritoires.fr/cs/ContentServer?pagename=Localtis%2FartVeille%2FartVeille&cid=1214195620286|archivedate=2017-05-02|language=French|date=24 June 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> An [[online petition]], initiated by [[Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez]] via the Geobreizh.com website, mobilized public opinion and encouraged local authorities to state public support for this project. The Conseil Général d'Ille et Vilaine (14 April 2006), the Conseil Régional de Bretagne (14 June 2006), the Conseil Général du Finistère (15 June 2006) unanimously supported the idea of creation of a .bzh.
In 2007, the [[Regional Council of Brittany]] initiated a feasibility study of the project. Under the direction of a steering committee involving various stakeholders, in 2008 this study resulted in the establishment of a formal structure to support the Breton application: www.bzh.
The www.bzh association was responsible for establishing the application, gathering the necessary funds to ensure its submission and its promotion within the Breton community. The association in December 2008 was granted financial support from the Conseil Régional de Bretagne. The online petition received more than 21,000 signatures.
In 2014, the top-level domain .bzh was approved and is now used by a variety of individuals, groups and businesses that are located in Brittany or have links to the region.
In 2023, the Breton internet extension .bzh had more than 12,000 registrations. Alongside the promotion of the .bzh internet extension, the www.bzh association promotes other services to develop Brittany's image on the web, including a campaign for a Breton flag emoji<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2020/02/15/the-struggle-to-give-brittany-its-own-emoji|title=The struggle to give Brittany its own emoji|newspaper=The Economist|accessdate=6 February 2022}}</ref> and an email service.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/bretagne/postel-bzh-la-messagerie-creee-pour-les-bretons-c274fbe8-19fa-11ec-af4b-bea41043e391|title=Postel.bzh, la messagerie créée par des Bretons, pour les Bretons|work=Ouest-France|date=21 September 2021 |language=French|accessdate=6 February 2022}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of Internet top-level domains]]
* [[Top-level domain]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://www.pik.bzh/ The initiative for .BZH]
*[https://www.web.bzh/ The .BZH websites directory]
{{France top-level domains}}
{{GTLD|expanded=Proposed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bzh}}
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2014]]
[[Category:Mass media in Brittany]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Internet in France]]
[[Category:Generic top-level domains]]
{{Brittany-stub}}
{{compu-domain-stub}}
| 1,280,134,642 |
[{"title": ".bzh", "data": {"Introduced": "29 May 2014", "TLD type": "GeoTLD", "Status": "Delegated", "Registry": "Association www.bzh", "Sponsor": "Association www.bzh", "Intended use": "Entities associated with Brittany or the Breton culture and languages", "Registration restrictions": "Must be an individual or legal entity residing in Brittany (including Loire-Atlantique) or \u00b7 A website in Breton (even partially) published within 6 months or \u00b7 A website promoting Breton culture (even partially) published within 6 months or \u00b7 A registrant who is member of association www.bzh", "Structure": "Registrations would be taken directly at second level", "Dispute policies": "UDRP", "DNSSEC": "Yes", "Registry website": "www.pik.bzh"}}]
| false |
# 1900 Colorado gubernatorial election
The 1900 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1900. Democratic nominee James Bradley Orman defeated Republican nominee Frank C. Goudy with 53.78% of the vote.
## General election
### Candidates
Major party candidates
- James Bradley Orman, Democratic
- Frank C. Goudy, Republican
Other candidates
- James R. Wylie, Prohibition
- DeWitt Copley, Socialist Labor
- S. B. Hutchinson, Independent
- James T. Pearson, People's
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------- | ------------------- | ------- | ------ | ------ |
| | Democratic | James Bradley Orman | 118,647 | 53.78% | −9.11% |
| | Republican | Frank C. Goudy | 96,027 | 43.53% | +9.36% |
| | Prohibition | James R. Wylie | 3,695 | 1.68% | −0.13% |
| | Socialist Labor | DeWitt Copley | 987 | 0.45% | −0.69% |
| | Independent | S. B. Hutchinson | 843 | 0.38% | |
| | Populist | James T. Pearson | 421 | 0.19% | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 22,620 | 10.25% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 220,620 | | |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Swing | | |
|
enwiki/64201302
|
enwiki
| 64,201,302 |
1900 Colorado gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_Colorado_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-23T10:14:53Z
|
en
|
Q96360050
| 180,527 |
{{Short description|none}}
{{for|related races|1900 United States gubernatorial elections}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1900 Colorado gubernatorial election
| country = Colorado
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1898 Colorado gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1898
| next_election = 1902 Colorado gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1902
| election_date = November 6, 1900
| image1 = File:James Orman.gif
| image_size = 150x150px
| nominee1 = '''[[James Bradley Orman]]'''
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''118,647'''
| percentage1 = '''53.78%'''
| image2 = File:Bench and bar of Colorado - FRANK C. GOUDY.png
| nominee2 = Frank C. Goudy
| party2 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 96,027
| percentage2 = 43.53%
| map_image = File:1900 Colorado gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 250px
| map_caption = County results <br/>'''Orman:''' {{legend0|#a5b0ff|40–50%}} {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674de|60–70%}} {{legend0|#584cde|70–80%}} {{legend0|#0600bc|80–90%}}<br/>'''Goudy:''' {{legend0|#ffb2b2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend0|#d75d5d|60–70%}}
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Charles S. Thomas]]
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = [[James Bradley Orman]]
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsCO}}
The '''1900 Colorado gubernatorial election''' was held on November 6, 1900. [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee [[James Bradley Orman]] defeated [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee Frank C. Goudy with 53.78% of the vote.
==General election==
===Candidates===
'''Major party candidates'''
*James Bradley Orman, Democratic
*Frank C. Goudy, Republican
'''Other candidates'''
*James R. Wylie, Prohibition
*DeWitt Copley, Socialist Labor
*S. B. Hutchinson, Independent
*James T. Pearson, People's
===Results===
{{Election box begin | title=1900 Colorado gubernatorial election<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nqAaAQAAMAAJ |title=Guide to U.S. elections |year=2005 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=9781568029818 |access-date=June 6, 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[James Bradley Orman]]
| votes = 118,647
| percentage = 53.78%
| change = -9.11%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Frank C. Goudy
| votes = 96,027
| percentage = 43.53%
| change = +9.36%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = James R. Wylie
| votes = 3,695
| percentage = 1.68%
| change = -0.13%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Socialist Labor Party of America
| candidate = DeWitt Copley
| votes = 987
| percentage = 0.45%
| change = -0.69%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = S. B. Hutchinson
| votes = 843
| percentage = 0.38%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = People's Party (United States)
| candidate = James T. Pearson
| votes = 421
| percentage = 0.19%
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 22,620
| percentage = 10.25%
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 220,620
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Democratic Party (United States)
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}{{Colorado elections}}{{1900 United States elections|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Colorado gubernatorial elections|1900]]
[[Category:1900 United States gubernatorial elections|Colorado]]
[[Category:1900 Colorado elections|Gubernatorial]]
| 1,271,285,929 |
[{"title": "1900 Colorado gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1898": "November 6, 1900 \u00b7 1902 \u2192", "Nominee": "James Bradley Orman \u00b7 Frank C. Goudy", "Party": "Democratic \u00b7 Republican", "Popular vote": "118,647 \u00b7 96,027", "Percentage": "53.78% \u00b7 43.53%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Charles S. Thomas \u00b7 Democratic": "Elected Governor \u00b7 James Bradley Orman \u00b7 Democratic"}}]
| false |
# 16 East Broad Street
16 East Broad Street is a building on Capitol Square in Downtown Columbus, Ohio. Completed in 1901, the building stands at a height of 168 feet (51 m), with 13 floors. It stood as the tallest building in the city until being surpassed by 8 East Broad Street in 1906.
From 1927 to 1939, the eleventh floor of the building served as the office for the National Football League. Joseph F. Carr, a Columbus native, was president of the NFL at the time.
|
enwiki/17623207
|
enwiki
| 17,623,207 |
16 East Broad Street
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_East_Broad_Street
|
2025-02-11T23:14:57Z
|
en
|
Q4552053
| 77,527 |
{{Short description|Building in Downtown Columbus, Ohio}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox building
| name = 16 East Broad Street
| alternate_names = New Hayden Building
| image = 16 East Broad Street.jpg
| image_size = 150px
| location = 16 East [[Broad Street (Columbus, Ohio)|Broad St.]],<br>[[Columbus, Ohio]]
| coordinates =
| mapframe = no
| status = Complete
| start_date =
| completion_date = 1901
| opening =
| building_type = [[High-rise building]]
| architectural_style = [[Chicago school (architecture)|Chicago school]]
| antenna_spire =
|roof = {{convert|168|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| top_floor =
| floor_count = 13
| elevator_count = 3
| cost =
| floor_area =
| architect = Nimmons & Fellows
| structural_engineer =
| main_contractor =
| developer =
| owner =
| management =
| references =
| embedded =
{{Infobox NRHP
| embed = yes
| name = New Hayden Building
| nrhp_type = nrhp
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| district_map = {{maplink|plain=yes|frame=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=260|type=point|zoom=14|marker=building|marker-color=#545454}}
| map_caption = Interactive map highlighting the building's location
| coordinates = {{coord|39.9625|-83.0002|region:US-OH_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| location =
| built =
| architect =
| architecture =
| added = June 11, 2009
| designated_nrhp_type =
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| refnum = 09000413
| website =
}}
}}
'''16 East Broad Street''' is a building on [[Capitol Square]] in [[Downtown Columbus, Ohio|Downtown]] [[Columbus, Ohio]]. Completed in 1901, the building stands at a height of {{convert|168|ft|m|0}}, with 13 floors.<ref>{{Cite web |title=16 East Broad Street |url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=16eastbroadstreet-columbus-oh-usa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070228131501/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=16eastbroadstreet-columbus-oh-usa |url-status=usurped |archive-date=February 28, 2007 |publisher=Emporis.com |accessdate=2008-07-27}}</ref> It stood as the tallest building in the city until being surpassed by [[8 East Broad Street]] in 1906.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?searchID=88224459&page=2|title=Columbus Skyscraper Diagram|website=SkyscraperPage.com|accessdate=February 24, 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224103022/http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?searchID=88224459&page=2|archive-date=February 24, 2020}}</ref>
From 1927 to 1939, the eleventh floor of the building served as the office for the [[National Football League]]. [[Joseph F. Carr]], a Columbus native, was president of the NFL at the time.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20080509070014/http://www.daytontriangles.com/nfloffice.htm Old Building was Home to NFL Office; Historical Value Cited as one Reason to save Broad-High Landmark]}}. Retrieved on July 26, 2008.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Willis|first1=Chris|title=The Columbus Panhandles: A Complete History of Pro Football's Toughest Team, 1900-1922|date=2007|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9781461706526|page=264|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldLYAQAAQBAJ&dq=%2216+East+Broad+Street%22+columbus+ohio&pg=PA264|chapter=The First NFL Office Building, 16 East Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio, 1921-1939}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Roots Of National Football League Found In Central Ohio|url=http://www.10tv.com/content/stories/2013/01/30/10tv-presents-roots-of-nfl.html|accessdate=13 July 2014|work=[[WBNS-TV|10TV.com]]|publisher=WBNS-TV, Inc|date=January 30, 2013|archive-date=27 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227043826/http://www.10tv.com/content/stories/2013/01/30/10tv-presents-roots-of-nfl.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Motz|first1=Doug|title=History Lesson: Professional Football in Columbus|url=http://www.columbusunderground.com/history-lesson-professional-football-in-columbus|accessdate=13 July 2014|work=ColumbusUnderground.com|date=October 7, 2011}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Columbus, Ohio]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{commons category-inline}}
{{Buildings in Columbus, Ohio timeline}}
{{NRHP in Ohio}}
[[Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Columbus, Ohio]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Downtown Columbus, Ohio]]
[[Category:Office buildings completed in 1900]]
[[Category:Chicago school architecture in Ohio]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Columbus, Ohio]]
[[Category:Broad Street (Columbus, Ohio)]]
{{ColumbusOH-struct-stub}}
| 1,275,253,719 |
[{"title": "16 East Broad Street", "data": {"Alternative names": "New Hayden Building"}}, {"title": "General information", "data": {"Status": "Completed", "Type": "High-rise building", "Architectural style": "Chicago school", "Location": "16 East Broad St., \u00b7 Columbus, Ohio", "Completed": "1901"}}, {"title": "Height", "data": {"Roof": "168 ft (51 m)"}}, {"title": "Technical details", "data": {"Floor count": "13", "Lifts/elevators": "3"}}, {"title": "Design and construction", "data": {"Architect(s)": "Nimmons & Fellows"}}, {"title": "16 East Broad Street", "data": {"Coordinates": "39\u00b057\u203245\u2033N 83\u00b000\u203201\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff39.9625\u00b0N 83.0002\u00b0W", "NRHP reference No.": "09000413", "Added to NRHP": "June 11, 2009"}}]
| false |
# 1910 Kansas State Aggies football team
The 1910 Kansas State Aggies football team represented Kansas State Agricultural College (now Kansas State University) in the 1910 college football season. In their sixth and final year under head coach Mike Ahearn, the Aggies compiled a 10–1 record, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 336 to 28.
This is the only football season between 1902 and present that Kansas State did not face the University of Kansas.
## Schedule
| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Source |
| ------------ | ---------------------- | ------------------------- | ------ | ------ |
| September 28 | William Jewell | Manhattan, KS | W 57–0 | |
| October 1 | Haskell | Manhattan, KS | W 39–0 | |
| October 8 | at Kansas State Normal | Emporia, KS | W 22–0 | |
| October 15 | at Arkansas | The Hill Fayetteville, AR | W 5–0 | [ 4 ] |
| October 17 | at Drury | Springfield, MO | W 75–5 | |
| October 22 | Missouri Mines | Manhattan, KS | W 23–0 | |
| October 29 | at Creighton | Omaha, NE | W 6–2 | |
| November 5 | at Colorado College | Colorado Springs, CO | L 8–15 | |
| November 12 | Fairmount | Manhattan, KS | W 33–6 | |
| November 18 | Baker | Manhattan, KS | W 35–0 | |
| November 24 | at Washburn | Manhattan, KS | W 33–0 | |
|
enwiki/47551222
|
enwiki
| 47,551,222 |
1910 Kansas State Aggies football team
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910_Kansas_State_Aggies_football_team
|
2024-08-14T00:47:24Z
|
en
|
Q21188278
| 69,978 |
{{short description|American college football season}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox college sports team season
| year = 1910
| team = Kansas State Aggies
| sport = football
| image =
| image_size =
| conference = [[Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference]]
| short_conf = KCAC
| record = 10–1
| conf_record =
| head_coach = [[Mike Ahearn]]
| hc_year = 6th
| captain =
| stadium =
| champion = KCAC champion
}}
The '''1910 Kansas State Aggies football team''' represented [[Kansas State Agricultural College]] (now Kansas State University) in the [[1910 college football season]]. In their sixth and final year under head coach [[Mike Ahearn]], the Aggies compiled a 10–1 record, and outscored their opponents by a combined total of 336 to 28.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kansas State Yearly Results (1910-1914)|publisher=David DeLassus|work=College Football Data Warehouse|access-date=August 6, 2015|url=http://www.cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/active/k/kansas_state/1910-1914_yearly_results.php|archive-date=September 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905163252/http://www.cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/active/k/kansas_state/1910-1914_yearly_results.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2010 Kansas State Wildcats football media guide|publisher=Kansas State Wildcats athletics|access-date=August 6, 2015|url=http://www.kstatesports.com/news/sports_m-footbl_archive_072710aac_html}}{{Dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
This is the only football season between 1902 and present that Kansas State did not face the University of Kansas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://themercury.com/articles/1910-the-lost-year-of-the-sunflower-showdown|title=TheMercury.com {{!}} 1910: The lost year of the Sunflower Showdown|date=2016-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220113849/http://themercury.com/articles/1910-the-lost-year-of-the-sunflower-showdown|archive-date=2016-12-20}}</ref>
==Schedule==
{{CFB schedule
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = September 28
| w/l = w
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1910|team=William Jewell Cardinals|title=William Jewell}}
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Manhattan, Kansas|Manhattan, KS]]
| score = 57–0
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 1
| w/l = w
| opponent = [[1910 Haskell Indians football team|Haskell]]
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = Manhattan, KS
| score = 39–0
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 8
| w/l = w
| away = y
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1910|team=Kansas State Normal Normals|title=Kansas State Normal}}
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Emporia, Kansas|Emporia, KS]]
| score = 22–0
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 15
| w/l = w
| away = y
| opponent = [[1910 Arkansas Razorbacks football team|Arkansas]]
| site_stadium = The Hill
| site_cityst = [[Fayetteville, Arkansas|Fayetteville, AR]]
| score = 5–0
| source = <ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Arkansas Beaten By Kansas Aggies |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-arkansas-gazette/140944712/ |newspaper=[[Arkansas Gazette]] |location=[[Little Rock, Arkansas]] |date=October 16, 1910 |page=1, sporting section |access-date=February 14, 2024 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 17
| w/l = w
| away = y
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1910|team=Drury Panthers|title=Drury}}
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Springfield, Missouri|Springfield, MO]]
| score = 75–5
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 22
| w/l = w
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1910|team=Missouri Mines Miners|title=Missouri Mines}}
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = Manhattan, KS
| score = 23–0
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 29
| w/l = w
| away = y
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1910|team=Creighton Blue and White|title=Creighton}}
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Omaha, Nebraska|Omaha, NE]]
| score = 6–2
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 5
| w/l = l
| away = y
| opponent = [[1910 Colorado College Tigers football team|Colorado College]]
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs, CO]]
| score = 8–15
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 12
| w/l = w
| opponent = [[1910 Fairmount Wheatshockers football team|Fairmount]]
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = Manhattan, KS
| score = 33–6
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 18
| w/l = w
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1910|team=Baker Wildcats|title=Baker}}
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = Manhattan, KS
| score = 35–0
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 24
| w/l = w
| away = y
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1910|team=Washburn Ichabods|title=Washburn}}
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = Manhattan, KS
| score = 33–0
}}
}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Kansas State Wildcats football navbox}}
[[Category:1910 Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference football season|Kansas State]]
[[Category:Kansas State Wildcats football seasons]]
[[Category:1910 in sports in Kansas|Kansas State Aggies football]]
{{collegefootball-1910-season-stub}}
{{Kansas-sport-team-stub}}
| 1,240,188,238 |
[{"title": "KCAC champion", "data": {"Conference": "Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference", "Record": "10\u20131 ( KCAC)", "Head coach": "- Mike Ahearn (6th season)"}}]
| false |
# 1900 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1900 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 1900. Republican nominee George P. McLean defeated Democratic nominee S. L. Bronson with 53.02% of the vote.
## General election
### Candidates
Major party candidates
- George P. McLean, Republican
- S. L. Bronson, Democratic
Other candidates
- Charles E. Steele, Prohibition
- George A. Sweetland, Social Democratic
- Adam Marx, Socialist Labor
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | ----------------- | ------------------- | ------ | ------ | -- |
| | Republican | George P. McLean | 95,822 | 53.02% | |
| | Democratic | S. L. Bronson | 81,421 | 45.05% | |
| | Prohibition | Charles E. Steele | 1,548 | 0.86% | |
| | Social Democratic | George A. Sweetland | 1,056 | 0.58% | |
| | Socialist Labor | Adam Marx | 876 | 0.49% | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 14,401 | | |
| Turnout | | | | | |
| | Republican hold | Republican hold | Swing | | |
|
enwiki/64402044
|
enwiki
| 64,402,044 |
1900 Connecticut gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-31T02:42:52Z
|
en
|
Q97353903
| 277,882 |
{{Short description|none}}
{{for|related races|1900 United States gubernatorial elections}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1900 Connecticut gubernatorial election
| country = Connecticut
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1898 Connecticut gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1898
| next_election = 1902 Connecticut gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1902
| election_date = November 6, 1900
| image1 = McLEAN, GEORGE P. HONORABLE LCCN2016857990 (3x4a).jpg
| nominee1 = '''[[George P. McLean]]'''
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''95,822'''
| percentage1 = '''53.02%'''
| image2 = 3x4.svg
| nominee2 = S. L. Bronson
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 81,421
| percentage2 = 45.05%
| map = {{switcher|[[file:1900 Connecticut gubernatorial election results map by county.svg|220px]]
|County results
|[[file:1900 Connecticut gubernatorial election results map by municipality.svg|220px]]
|Municipality results}}
| map_caption = '''McLean''': {{legend0|#FFB2B2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#E27F7F|50–60%}} {{legend0|#D75D5D|60–70%}} {{legend0|#D72F30|70–80%}} {{legend0|#c21b18|80–90%}}<br/>'''Bronson''': {{legend0|#A5B0FF|40–50%}} {{legend0|#7996E2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674DE|60–70%}}
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[George E. Lounsbury]]
| before_party = Republican Party (United States)
| after_election = [[George P. McLean]]
| after_party = Republican Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsCT}}
The '''1900 Connecticut gubernatorial election''' was held on November 6, 1900. [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee [[George P. McLean]] defeated [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee S. L. Bronson with 53.02% of the vote.
==General election==
===Candidates===
'''Major party candidates'''
*George P. McLean, Republican
*S. L. Bronson, Democratic
'''Other candidates'''
*Charles E. Steele, Prohibition
*George A. Sweetland, Social Democratic
*Adam Marx, Socialist Labor
===Results===
{{Election box begin | title=1900 Connecticut gubernatorial election<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9CZECwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1685 |title=Guide to U.S. Elections |date= 24 December 2015|isbn=9781483380353 |access-date=2020-06-27|last1=Kalb |first1=Deborah }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[George P. McLean]]
| votes = 95,822
| percentage = 53.02%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = S. L. Bronson
| votes = 81,421
| percentage = 45.05%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = Charles E. Steele
| votes = 1,548
| percentage = 0.86%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Social Democratic Party of America
| candidate = George A. Sweetland
| votes = 1,056
| percentage = 0.58%
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Socialist Labor Party of America
| candidate = Adam Marx
| votes = 876
| percentage = 0.49%
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 14,401
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes =
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Republican Party (United States)
| loser =
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}{{1900 United States elections|state=collapsed}}{{Connecticut elections}}
[[Category:Connecticut gubernatorial elections|1900]]
[[Category:1900 United States gubernatorial elections|Connecticut]]
[[Category:1900 Connecticut elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:November 1900 in the United States]]
| 1,272,971,180 |
[{"title": "1900 Connecticut gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1898": "November 6, 1900 \u00b7 1902 \u2192", "Nominee": "George P. McLean \u00b7 S. L. Bronson", "Party": "Republican \u00b7 Democratic", "Popular vote": "95,822 \u00b7 81,421", "Percentage": "53.02% \u00b7 45.05%", "Governor before election \u00b7 George E. Lounsbury \u00b7 Republican": "Elected Governor \u00b7 George P. McLean \u00b7 Republican"}}]
| false |
# 1904 Montana gubernatorial election
The 1904 Montana gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1904.
Incumbent Democratic Governor Joseph Toole was re-elected, defeating Republican nominee William Lindsay and Socialist nominee Malcolm G. O'Malley with 53.79% of the vote.
## General election
### Candidates
- Joseph Toole, Democratic, incumbent governor
- William Lindsay, Republican, former state legislator,[1] former chairman of the Republican state committee[2]
- Malcolm G. O'Malley, Socialist, solicitor, former state legislator[3]
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------- | ------------------- | ------ | ------ | -- |
| | Democratic | Joseph Toole | 35,377 | 53.79% | |
| | Republican | William Lindsay | 26,957 | 40.99% | |
| | Socialist | Malcolm G. O'Malley | 3,431 | 5.22% | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 8,420 | 12.80% | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 65,765 | | |
| | Democratic hold | Democratic hold | Swing | | |
## Bibliography
- Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 0-930466-17-9.
- Gubernatorial Elections, 1787-1997. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc. 1998. ISBN 1-56802-396-0.
- Dubin, Michael J. (2010). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. ISBN 978-0-7864-4722-0.
|
enwiki/68322592
|
enwiki
| 68,322,592 |
1904 Montana gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_Montana_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-31T02:48:07Z
|
en
|
Q108030581
| 161,405 |
{{short description|none}}
{{for|related races|1904 United States gubernatorial elections}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1904 Montana gubernatorial election
| country = Montana
| flag_year = 1896
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1900 Montana gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1900
| next_election = 1908 Montana gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1908
| election_date = November 8, 1904
| image1 = [[File:Joseph Kemp Toole.jpg|x150px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[Joseph Toole]]'''
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''35,377'''
| percentage1 = '''53.79%'''
| image2 = [[File:No image.svg|x100px]]
| nominee2 = William Lindsay
| party2 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 26,957
| percentage2 = 40.99%
| image3 = [[File:No image.svg|x100px]]
| nominee3 = Malcolm G. O'Malley
| party3 = Socialist Party of America
| popular_vote3 = 3,431
| percentage3 = 5.22%
| map_image = 1904 Montana gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 300px
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Toole:''' {{legend0|#A5B0FF|40–50%}} {{legend0|#7996E2|50–60%}} {{legend0|#6674DE|60–70%}}<br/>'''Lindsay:''' {{legend0|#FFB2B2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#E27F7F|50–60%}} {{legend0|#D75D5D|60–70%}}
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Joseph Toole]]
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Joseph Toole]]
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsMT}}
The '''1904 Montana gubernatorial election''' was held on November 8, 1904.
Incumbent [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] [[Governor of Montana|Governor]] [[Joseph Toole]] was re-elected, defeating [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee William Lindsay and [[Socialist Party of America|Socialist]] nominee Malcolm G. O'Malley with 53.79% of the vote.
==General election==
===Candidates===
*[[Joseph Toole]], Democratic, incumbent [[Governor of Montana|governor]]
*William Lindsay, Republican, former state legislator,<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title=Toole and Lindsay |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85053157/1904-10-05/ed-1/seq-4/ |work=The river press |location=Fort Benton, Mont. |date=October 5, 1904 |page=4 |access-date=25 July 2021 }}</ref> former chairman of the Republican state committee<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title=Lindsay for Governor |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84036008/1904-06-28/ed-1/seq-4/ |work=The Billings gazette |location=Billings, Mont. |date=June 28, 1904 |page=4 |access-date=25 July 2021 }}</ref>
*Malcolm G. O'Malley, Socialist, solicitor, former state legislator<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title=Biographies of Socialist Candidates on the State Ticket |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84024811/1904-11-02/ed-1/seq-1/ |work=Montana news |location=Lewistown, Mont. |date=November 2, 1904 |page=1 |access-date=25 July 2021 }}</ref>
===Results===
{{Election box begin | title=1904 Montana gubernatorial election{{sfn|Congressional Quarterly|1998|p=63}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=262075 |title=MT Governor, 1904 |publisher=Our Campaigns |access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref>{{sfn|Dubin|2010|p=27}}{{sfn|Glashan|1979|pp=180–181}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Joseph Toole]]
|votes = 35,377
|percentage = 53.79%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = William Lindsay
|votes = 26,957
|percentage = 40.99%
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Socialist Party of America
|candidate = Malcolm G. O'Malley
|votes = 3,431
|percentage = 5.22%
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 8,420
| percentage = 12.80%
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 65,765
| percentage =
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Democratic Party (United States)
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last = Glashan | first = Roy R. | title = American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978 | publisher = Meckler Books | year = 1979 | isbn = 0-930466-17-9 }}
* {{cite book |title=Gubernatorial Elections, 1787-1997 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Congressional Quarterly Inc. |date=1998 |isbn=1-56802-396-0 |ref={{SfnRef|Congressional Quarterly|1998}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Dubin |first=Michael J. |date=2010 |title=United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYJAIOabIPgC&pg=PA10 |location=Jefferson, NC |publisher=McFarland & Co. |isbn=978-0-7864-4722-0 }}
{{1904 United States elections}}
[[Category:Montana gubernatorial elections|1904]]
[[Category:1904 United States gubernatorial elections|Montana]]
[[Category:1904 Montana elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:November 1904 in the United States]]
{{Montana-election-stub}}
| 1,272,971,839 |
[{"title": "1904 Montana gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1900": "November 8, 1904 \u00b7 1908 \u2192", "Nominee": "Joseph Toole \u00b7 William Lindsay \u00b7 Malcolm G. O'Malley", "Party": "Democratic \u00b7 Republican \u00b7 Socialist", "Popular vote": "35,377 \u00b7 26,957 \u00b7 3,431", "Percentage": "53.79% \u00b7 40.99% \u00b7 5.22%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Joseph Toole \u00b7 Democratic": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Joseph Toole \u00b7 Democratic"}}]
| false |
# 1708 in France
Events from the year 1708 in France.
## Incumbents
- Monarch: Louis XIV[1]
## Events
- 23 March - James Stuart, the "Old Pretender", having sailed from Dunkirk with 5000 French troops, with the intention of invading Britain, attempts to land in the Firth of Forth; the attempt is thwarted by the Royal Navy, under Admiral Byng.[2]
## Births
- 10 January - Donat Nonnotte, painter (died 1785)[3]
- 26 March - Louis Guillouet, comte d'Orvilliers, admiral (died 1792)[4]
- 2 September - André le Breton, publisher (died 1779)
## Deaths
- 5 March - Charles Le Gobien, Jesuit writer (born 1653)[5]
- 23 April - Jacques Gravier, Jesuit missionary (born 1651)[6]
- 11 May - Jules Hardouin Mansart, architect (born 1646)[7]
- 28 December - Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, botanist (born 1656)[8]
|
enwiki/41082007
|
enwiki
| 41,082,007 |
1708 in France
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1708_in_France
|
2024-09-12T08:02:25Z
|
en
|
Q2808985
| 156,733 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in France header}}
Events from the year '''1708 in France'''.
==Incumbents==
*'''Monarch''': [[Louis XIV]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Who was Louis XIV of France? Everything you need to know about the 'Sun King' and the Palace of Versailles|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/tv/2016/06/01/who-was-louis-xiv-of-france-everything-you-need-to-know-about-th/|website=The Telegraph|access-date=17 April 2018|date=1 June 2016}}</ref>
==Events==
*[[23 March]] - [[James Francis Edward Stuart|James Stuart]], the "Old Pretender", having sailed from [[Dunkirk]] with 5000 French troops, with the intention of invading Britain, attempts to land in the [[Firth of Forth]]; the attempt is thwarted by the [[Royal Navy]], under [[George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington|Admiral Byng]].<ref>{{cite web|title=James Francis Edward Stuart: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland|url=https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/s/jamesfrancisedwardstuart.html|website=www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk|access-date=17 April 2018}}</ref>
==Births==
*[[10 January]] - [[Donat Nonnotte]], painter (died [[1785 in France|1785]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Donatien Nonnotte (1708-1785)|url=http://data.bnf.fr/14963582/donatien_nonnotte/|website=data.bnf.fr|access-date=17 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>
*[[26 March]] - [[Louis Guillouet, comte d'Orvilliers]], admiral (died [[1792 in France|1792]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Louis Guillouet|url=http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-nr93029286/|website=Worldcat|access-date=17 April 2018}}</ref>
*[[2 September]] - [[André le Breton]], publisher (died [[1779 in France|1779]])
==Deaths==
*[[5 March]] - [[Charles Le Gobien]], Jesuit writer (born [[1653 in France|1653]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Charles Le Gobien (1653-1708)|url=http://data.bnf.fr/13005860/charles_le_gobien/|website=data.bnf.fr|access-date=17 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>
*[[23 April]] - [[Jacques Gravier]], Jesuit missionary (born [[1651 in France|1651]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography – GRAVIER, JACQUES – Volume II (1701-1740)|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/gravier_jacques_2E.html|website=Dictionary of Canadian Biography|access-date=17 April 2018}}</ref>
*[[11 May]] - [[Jules Hardouin Mansart]], architect (born [[1646 in France|1646]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Jules Hardouin-Mansart - French architect|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jules-Hardouin-Mansart|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=17 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>
*[[28 December]] - [[Joseph Pitton de Tournefort]], botanist (born [[1656 in France|1656]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Joseph Pitton de Tournefort - French botanist and physician|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Pitton-de-Tournefort|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=17 April 2018|language=en}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal bar|France|History|Lists}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{France year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1708}}
[[Category:1700s in France]]
| 1,245,312,386 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1707 - 1706 - 1705 - 1704 - 1703": "1708 \u00b7 in \u00b7 France \u00b7 \u2192 - 1709 - 1710 - 1711 - 1712 - 1713", "Decades": "1680s 1690s 1700s 1710s 1720s", "See also": "Other events of 1708 \u00b7 History of France \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false |
# 1781 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 1781 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on 19 November 1781 in order to elect the Governor of Maryland. Incumbent Governor Thomas Sim Lee was easily re-elected by the Maryland General Assembly as he ran unopposed. The exact results of this election are unknown.
## General election
On election day, 19 November 1781, Thomas Sim Lee was re-elected by the Maryland General Assembly. Lee was sworn in for his third term on 20 November 1781.
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ---------------- | -------------------------- | ----- | ------ |
| | Nonpartisan | Thomas Sim Lee (incumbent) | 1 | 100.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 1 | 100.00 |
| | Nonpartisan hold | | | |
|
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enwiki
| 76,721,463 |
1781 Maryland gubernatorial election
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1781_Maryland_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-22T23:56:39Z
|
en
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Q125843816
| 229,365 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1781 Maryland gubernatorial election
| country = Maryland
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1780 Maryland gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1780
| next_election = 1782 Maryland gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1782
| election_date = 19 November 1781
| image1 = [[File:No image.svg|125px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[Thomas Sim Lee]]'''
| party1 = Nonpartisan politician
| popular_vote1 = '''1'''
| percentage1 = '''100.00%'''
| image2 =
| nominee2 =
| party2 =
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Thomas Sim Lee]]
| before_party = Nonpartisan politician
| after_election = [[Thomas Sim Lee]]
| after_party = Nonpartisan politician
}}
{{ElectionsMD}}
The '''1781 Maryland gubernatorial election''' was held on 19 November 1781 in order to elect the [[List of governors of Maryland|Governor of Maryland]]. [[Incumbent]] Governor [[Thomas Sim Lee]] was easily re-elected by the [[Maryland General Assembly]] as he ran unopposed. The exact results of this election are unknown.<ref name="nga">{{Cite web |title=Thomas Sim Lee |date=16 January 2019 |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/thomas-sim-lee/ |access-date=24 April 2024 |publisher=[[National Governors Association]]}}</ref>
== General election ==
On election day, 19 November 1781, [[Thomas Sim Lee]] was re-elected by the [[Maryland General Assembly]]. Lee was sworn in for his third term on 20 November 1781.<ref name=GBN>{{cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=130144 |title=MD Governor |publisher=ourcampaigns.com |date=29 September 2004 |access-date=24 April 2024}}</ref>
=== Results ===
{{Election box begin no change | title=Maryland gubernatorial election, 1781|
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Nonpartisan politician
|candidate = [[Thomas Sim Lee]] (incumbent)
|votes = 1
|percentage = 100.00
}}
{{Election box total no change|
|votes = 1
|percentage = 100.00
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|
|winner= Nonpartisan politician
|loser =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Maryland elections}}
[[Category:1781 in Maryland]]
[[Category:Maryland gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:1780s Maryland elections]]
[[Category:1781 elections in the United States]]
[[Category:Non-partisan elections]]
[[Category:Single-candidate elections]]
[[Category:United States gubernatorial elections in the 1780s]]
[[Category:Indirect elections]]
| 1,271,196,841 |
[{"title": "1781 Maryland gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1780": "19 November 1781 \u00b7 1782 \u2192", "Nominee": "Thomas Sim Lee", "Party": "Nonpartisan", "Popular vote": "1", "Percentage": "100.00%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Thomas Sim Lee \u00b7 Nonpartisan": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Thomas Sim Lee \u00b7 Nonpartisan"}}]
| false |
# 1914 in Spain
Events in the year 1914 in Spain.
## Incumbents
- Monarch: Alfonso XIII[1]
- President of the Government: Eduardo Dato[2]
## Births
- Narciso Perales (d. 1993)[3]
|
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| 44,977,882 |
1914 in Spain
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_in_Spain
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2025-02-03T21:17:34Z
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en
|
Q19568126
| 142,292 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in Spain|1914}}
Events in the year '''1914 in [[Years in Spain|Spain]]'''.
==Incumbents==
*Monarch: [[Alfonso XIII]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Alfonso XIII - king of Spain|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfonso-XIII|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=20 May 2018|language=en}}</ref>
*President of the Government: [[Eduardo Dato]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Eduardo Dato Iradier - premier of Spain|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eduardo-Dato-Iradier|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=20 May 2018|language=en}}</ref>
==Births==
*[[Narciso Perales]] (d. [[1993 in Spain|1993]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Perales, Narciso (1914-1993)|url=https://www.idref.fr/130004375|website=Idref|access-date=20 May 2018}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Spain year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1914}}
[[Category:1914 in Spain| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 20th century in Spain]]
[[Category:1910s in Spain]]
[[Category:1914 by country|Spain]]
[[Category:1914 in Europe|Spain]]
{{Spain-year-stub}}
| 1,273,751,658 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1913 - 1912 - 1911": "1914 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Spain \u00b7 \u2192 - 1915 - 1916 - 1917", "Decades": "1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s", "See also": "Other events of 1914 \u00b7 List of years in Spain"}}]
| false |
# 105th Rifle Division
The 105th Rifle Division (Russian: 105-я стрелковая дивизия) was an infantry division of the Red Army. Formed in the 1930s, the division spent World War II on the border in Primorye, seeing its only combat in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria. It was disbanded shortly after the war ended.
## History
The 105th Rifle Division was formed in May 1936 in Primorye. The elements of the division were previously assigned to the Poltavka Fortified Region. On 22 June 1941, the division was a separate unit of the 25th Army of the Far Eastern Front. The division included the following elements:
- 53rd Rifle Regiment
- 130th Rifle Regiment
- 267th Rifle Regiment
- 102nd (former 215th) Artillery Regiment
- 148th Howitzer Artillery Regiment (until January 1942)
- 17th Reconnaissance Company
- 57th Separate Anti-Tank Battalion
- 464th Separate Self-Propelled Artillery Battalion (from 1942)
- 88th Sapper Battalion
- 55th Separate Signals Battalion (former 55th Separate Signals Company)
- 498th Auto Transport Battalion (former 358th Auto Transport Company)
- 92nd Medical-Sanitary Battalion
- 100th Separate Chemical Defense Company
- 36th Field Bakery
The division spent most of World War II covering the border east of Vladivostok. Colonel Vsevolod Seber commanded the division from 9 July 1943 and was promoted to major general on 22 April 1945. The 105th did not see action until August 1945, when it fought in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria as part of the 25th Army.
With the army, the 105th became part of the 1st Far Eastern Front on 5 August and by 8 August concentrated in the area of Aleksey-Nikolskoye, Bogatyrka, and Ulitikha, with the task of covering the approaches to Voroshilov and securing the flank of the 25th Army. After the war began, the division was in the army reserve and from 14 to 18 August carried out a 140-kilometer march in difficult mountain and forest conditions to concentrate in the area of Sanchakou, Dulin, Laoheishan, and Shitoukhentsy. During the march the division was subjected to repeated attacks of Japanese sabotage groups, losing four killed and twelve wounded while being credited with killing 42 Japanese saboteurs. The division then conducted a 72 kilometer march to the area of Wangqing between 18 and 28 August. During the invasion, the division captured 4,925 Japanese soldiers and officers, 22 light and nine heavy machine guns, and 220 horses.
The division was ordered disbanded by the 10 September order forming the Primorsky Military District from the 1st Far Eastern Front. The disbandment of the division was carried out during July 1946.
## Commanders
The following officers commanded the division:
- Colonel Ivan Chistyakov (June 1938–July 1939)[5]
- Colonel Afanasy Kopychko (23 March 1941–7 August 1942)[6]
- Major General Yudel Leontyevich Gorodinsky (10–28 August 1942)[6]
- Colonel Vladimir Vasilievich Baranov (6 September 1942–2 March 1943)[6]
- Lieutenant Colonel Aleksandr Grigoryevich Smirnov (10 March–8 July 1943)[6]
- Colonel Vsevolod Ivanovich Seber (7 July 1943–March 1946, major general 22 April 1945)[6][2]
### Citations
1. 1 2 Lensky & Tsybin 2003, p. 171.
2. 1 2 Tsapayev & Goremykin 2014, pp. 339–340.
3. ↑ Feskov et al. 2013, p. 577.
4. ↑ "Исторический формуляр 53 сп 105 сд" [Historical Form, 53rd Rifle Regiment, 105th Rifle Division]. Pamyat Naroda (in Russian). p. 5.
5. ↑ Tsapayev & Goremykin 2014, pp. 947–949.
6. 1 2 3 4 5 Main Personnel Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union 1964, p. 150.
### Bibliography
- Feskov, V. I.; Golikov, V. I.; Kalashnikov, K. A.; Slugin, S. A. (2013). Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской [The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces] (in Russian). Tomsk: Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing. ISBN 9785895035306.
- Lensky, A. G.; Tsybin, M. M. (2003). Первая сотня. Стрелковые, горнострелковые, мотострелковые, моторизованные дивизии РККА группы номеров 1-100 (1920-е - 1945 гг). Справочник [The First Hundred: Rifle, Mountain Rifle, Motor Rifle, and Motorized Divisions of the Red Army numbered 1-100 (1920s–1945): Handbook] (in Russian). St. Petersburg: Kompleks. ISBN 5-98278-003-0.
- Main Personnel Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union (1964). Командование корпусного и дивизионного звена советских вооруженных сил периода Великой Отечественной войны 1941 – 1945 гг [Commanders of Corps and Divisions in the Great Patriotic War, 1941–1945] (in Russian). Moscow: Frunze Military Academy.
- Tsapayev, D.A.; et al. (2014). Великая Отечественная: Комдивы. Военный биографический словарь [The Great Patriotic War: Division Commanders. Military Biographical Dictionary] (in Russian). Vol. 5. Moscow: Kuchkovo Pole. ISBN 978-5-9950-0457-8.
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105th Rifle Division
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/105th_Rifle_Division
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2024-11-10T19:43:19Z
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Q120024774
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{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 105th Rifle Division
| dates = 1936–1946
| country = [[Soviet Union]]
| branch = [[Red Army]]
| type = Infantry
| role =
| command_structure =
| garrison =
| battles = [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria]]
| decorations =
}}
The '''105th Rifle Division''' ({{Langx|ru|105-я стрелковая дивизия}}) was an infantry division of the [[Red Army]]. Formed in the 1930s, the division spent [[World War II]] on the border in [[Primorye]], seeing its only combat in the [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria]]. It was disbanded shortly after the war ended.
== History ==
The 105th Rifle Division was formed in May 1936 in [[Primorye]]. The elements of the division were previously assigned to the [[Poltavka Fortified Region]]. On 22 June 1941, the division was a separate unit of the [[25th Army (Soviet Union)|25th Army]] of the [[Far Eastern Front]]. The division included the following elements:{{sfn|Lensky|Tsybin|2003|p=171}}
* 53rd Rifle Regiment
* 130th Rifle Regiment
* 267th Rifle Regiment
* 102nd (former 215th) Artillery Regiment
* 148th Howitzer Artillery Regiment (until January 1942)
* 17th Reconnaissance Company
* 57th Separate Anti-Tank Battalion
* 464th Separate Self-Propelled Artillery Battalion (from 1942)
* 88th Sapper Battalion
* 55th Separate Signals Battalion (former 55th Separate Signals Company)
* 498th Auto Transport Battalion (former 358th Auto Transport Company)
* 92nd Medical-Sanitary Battalion
* 100th Separate Chemical Defense Company
* 36th Field Bakery
The division spent most of [[World War II]] covering the border east of [[Vladivostok]]. Colonel Vsevolod Seber commanded the division from 9 July 1943 and was promoted to major general on 22 April 1945. The 105th did not see action until August 1945, when it fought in the [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria]] as part of the 25th Army.{{sfn|Lensky|Tsybin|2003|p=171}}
With the army, the 105th became part of the [[1st Far Eastern Front]] on 5 August and by 8 August concentrated in the area of Aleksey-Nikolskoye, Bogatyrka, and Ulitikha, with the task of covering the approaches to [[Ussuriysk|Voroshilov]] and securing the flank of the 25th Army. After the war began, the division was in the army reserve and from 14 to 18 August carried out a 140-kilometer march in difficult mountain and forest conditions to concentrate in the area of [[Sanchakou, Heilongjiang|Sanchakou]], [[Dongning, Heilongjiang|Dulin]], Laoheishan, and Shitoukhentsy. During the march the division was subjected to repeated attacks of Japanese sabotage groups, losing four killed and twelve wounded while being credited with killing 42 Japanese saboteurs. The division then conducted a 72 kilometer march to the area of [[Wangqing County|Wangqing]] between 18 and 28 August. During the invasion, the division captured 4,925 Japanese soldiers and officers, 22 light and nine heavy machine guns, and 220 horses.{{Sfn|Tsapayev|Goremykin|2014|pp=339–340|p=}}
The division was ordered disbanded by the 10 September order forming the [[Primorsky Military District]] from the 1st Far Eastern Front.{{Sfn|Feskov|Golikov|Kalashnikov|Slugin|2013|p=577}} The disbandment of the division was carried out during July 1946.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Исторический формуляр 53 сп 105 сд |trans-title=Historical Form, 53rd Rifle Regiment, 105th Rifle Division |url=https://pamyat-naroda.ru/documents/view/?id=451151034 |website=Pamyat Naroda |page=5 |language=ru}}</ref>
== Commanders ==
The following officers commanded the division:
* Colonel [[Ivan Chistyakov]] (June 1938–July 1939){{Sfn|Tsapayev|Goremykin|2014|pp=947–949|p=}}
* Colonel Afanasy Kopychko (23 March 1941–7 August 1942){{Sfn|Main Personnel Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union|1964|p=150}}
* Major General Yudel Leontyevich Gorodinsky (10–28 August 1942){{Sfn|Main Personnel Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union|1964|p=150}}
* Colonel Vladimir Vasilievich Baranov (6 September 1942–2 March 1943){{Sfn|Main Personnel Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union|1964|p=150}}
* Lieutenant Colonel Aleksandr Grigoryevich Smirnov (10 March–8 July 1943){{Sfn|Main Personnel Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union|1964|p=150}}
* Colonel Vsevolod Ivanovich Seber (7 July 1943–March 1946, major general 22 April 1945){{Sfn|Main Personnel Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union|1964|p=150}}{{Sfn|Tsapayev|Goremykin|2014|pp=339–340|p=}}
== References ==
=== Citations ===
<references />
=== Bibliography ===
* {{Cite book |last1=Feskov |first1=V. I. |url=http://vital.lib.tsu.ru/vital/access/manager/Repository/vtls:000479812?f0=sm_creator%3A%22%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%22 |title=Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской |last2=Golikov |first2=V. I. |last3=Kalashnikov |first3=K. A. |last4=Slugin |first4=S. A. |publisher=Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing |year=2013 |isbn=9785895035306 |location=Tomsk |pages= |language=Russian |trans-title=The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lensky |first=A. G. |title=Первая сотня. Стрелковые, горнострелковые, мотострелковые, моторизованные дивизии РККА группы номеров 1-100 (1920-е - 1945 гг). Справочник |last2=Tsybin |first2=M. M. |publisher=Kompleks |year=2003 |ISBN=5-98278-003-0 |location=St. Petersburg |language=ru |trans-title=The First Hundred: Rifle, Mountain Rifle, Motor Rifle, and Motorized Divisions of the Red Army numbered 1-100 (1920s–1945): Handbook}}
* {{Cite book |last=Main Personnel Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union |url=http://militera.lib.ru/h/sb_komandovanie-korpus-diviziya-vov/index.html |title=Командование корпусного и дивизионного звена советских вооруженных сил периода Великой Отечественной войны 1941 – 1945 гг. |publisher=Frunze Military Academy |year=1964 |location=Moscow |language=ru |trans-title=Commanders of Corps and Divisions in the Great Patriotic War, 1941{{endash}}1945}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Tsapayev |first1=D.A. |title=Великая Отечественная: Комдивы. Военный биографический словарь |last2=Goremykin |first2=Viktor |publisher=Kuchkovo Pole |year=2014 |isbn=978-5-9950-0457-8 |volume=5 |location=Moscow |language=ru |trans-title=The Great Patriotic War: Division Commanders. Military Biographical Dictionary |display-authors=1}}
{{Soviet Union divisions before 1945}}
[[Category:Infantry divisions of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1936]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1946]]
| 1,256,612,546 |
[{"title": "105th Rifle Division", "data": {"Active": "1936\u20131946", "Country": "Soviet Union", "Branch": "Red Army", "Type": "Infantry", "Engagements": "Soviet invasion of Manchuria"}}]
| false |
# 1904 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election
The 1904 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1904, and featured incumbent Nebraska Lieutenant Governor Edmund G. McGilton, a Republican, defeating Adelbert Townsend, the Populist and Democratic fusion nominee, as well as Prohibition nominee Isaiah Lightner and Socialist nominee Thomas Carroll.
## General election
### Candidates
- Thomas Carroll, Socialist candidate from Hastings, Nebraska[2]
- Isaiah Lightner, Prohibition candidate,[3] farmer from Monroe, Nebraska, president of the Monroe Telephone Company,[4] and Prohibition nominee for lieutenant governor in 1902[5]
- Edmund G. McGilton, Republican candidate, incumbent Nebraska Lieutenant Governor from Omaha, Nebraska[6]
- Dr. Adelbert Townsend, Populist/Democratic fusion candidate,[7] physician from Campbell, Nebraska[8][9][10]
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | --------------- | ------------------------------ | ------- | ------ |
| | Republican | Edmund G. McGilton (incumbent) | 120,514 | 53.95 |
| | Populist | Adelbert Townsend | 90,673 | 40.59 |
| | Prohibition | Isaiah Lightner | 6,159 | 2.76 |
| | Socialist | Thomas Carroll | 6,029 | 2.70 |
| | Scattering | | 2 | |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 223,377 | 100.00 |
| | Republican hold | | | |
|
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1904 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_Nebraska_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election
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en
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Q120290116
| 169,933 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1904 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election
| country = Nebraska
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1902 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1902
| next_election = 1906 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1906
| election_date = November 8, 1904
| image1 = [[File:Edmund McGilton Nebraska.jpg|x160px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[Edmund G. McGilton]]'''
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''120,514'''
| percentage1 = '''54.0%'''
| image2 = 3x4.svg
| nominee2 = Adelbert Townsend
| party2 = People's Party (United States)
| alliance2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 90,673
| percentage2 = 40.6%
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = Lieutenant Governor
| before_election = [[Edmund G. McGilton]]
| before_party = Republican Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Edmund G. McGilton]]
| after_party = Republican Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsNE}}
The '''1904 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election''' was held on November 8, 1904, and featured incumbent [[Nebraska Lieutenant Governor]] [[Edmund G. McGilton]], a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]], defeating Adelbert Townsend, the [[People's Party (United States)|Populist]] and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] fusion nominee, as well as [[Prohibition Party|Prohibition]] nominee Isaiah Lightner and [[Socialist Party of America|Socialist]] nominee Thomas Carroll.<ref name=results />
==General election==
===Candidates===
*Thomas Carroll, Socialist candidate from [[Hastings, Nebraska]]<ref>{{cite news|title=State Convention of Socialists Is Held|newspaper=Omaha World-Herald|date=July 5, 1904|page=2|access-date=June 19, 2023|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/860398263/}}</ref>
*Isaiah Lightner, Prohibition candidate,<ref>{{cite news|title=Official Canvass of the Vote of Douglas County|newspaper=Omaha World-Herald|date=November 19, 1904|page=7|access-date=June 19, 2023|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/860404748/}}</ref> farmer from [[Monroe, Nebraska]], president of the Monroe Telephone Company,<ref>{{cite news|title=The Monroe Telephone Company|newspaper=Newman Grove Reporter|date=June 30, 1904|page=8|access-date=June 19, 2023|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/725671899/}}</ref> and Prohibition nominee for [[1902 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election|lieutenant governor in 1902]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Prohibition County Convention|newspaper=Columbus Journal|date=August 3, 1904|page=8|access-date=June 19, 2023|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/46309061/}}</ref>
*[[Edmund G. McGilton]], Republican candidate, incumbent [[Nebraska Lieutenant Governor]] from [[Omaha, Nebraska]]<ref>{{cite news|title=John H. Mickey Heads Ticket|newspaper=Hartington Herald|date=June 27, 1902|page=2|access-date=June 19, 2023|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/699713876/}}</ref>
*Dr. Adelbert Townsend, Populist/Democratic fusion candidate,<ref>{{cite news|title=Republican Victory|newspaper=Wakefield Republican|date=November 11, 1904|page=1|access-date=June 19, 2023|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/764021102/}}</ref> physician from [[Campbell, Nebraska]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Democratic Ticket|newspaper=Fremont Tri-Weekly Herald|date=August 20, 1904|page=2|access-date=June 19, 2023|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/689995017/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=A Good Man|newspaper=Omaha World-Herald|date=September 10, 1904|page=4|access-date=June 19, 2023|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/859989300/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=City and County|newspaper=Cook Weekly Courier|date=August 12, 1904|page=5|access-date=June 19, 2023|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/753617851/}}</ref>
===Results===
{{Election box begin no change| title=Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election, 1904<ref name="results">{{cite book|title=House Journal of the Legislature of the State of Nebraska: Twenty-Ninth Regular Session|author1=John Wall|author2=C. H. Barnard|date=1905|publisher=York Times Print|pages=66–69|access-date=June 18, 2023|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015068135659&view=1up&seq=68}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Edmund G. McGilton]] (incumbent)
|votes = 120,514
|percentage = 53.95
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = People's Party (United States)
|candidate = Adelbert Townsend
|votes = 90,673
|percentage = 40.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Prohibition Party
|candidate = Isaiah Lightner
|votes = 6,159
|percentage = 2.76
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Socialist Party of America
|candidate = Thomas Carroll
|votes = 6,029
|percentage = 2.70
}}
{{Election box candidate no change|
|party = Scattering
|candidate =
|votes = 2
|percentage =
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 223,377
| percentage = 100.00
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|
| winner = Republican Party (United States)
| loser = People's Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
==See also==
* [[1904 Nebraska gubernatorial election]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{1904 United States elections}}
[[Category:1904 Nebraska elections|Lieutenant Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:1904 United States lieutenant gubernatorial elections|Nebraska]]
[[Category:November 1904 in the United States]]
[[Category:Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial elections]]
{{Nebraska-election-stub}}
| 1,272,971,851 |
[{"title": "1904 Nebraska lieutenant gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1902": "November 8, 1904 \u00b7 1906 \u2192", "Nominee": "Edmund G. McGilton \u00b7 Adelbert Townsend", "Party": "Republican \u00b7 Populist", "Alliance": "Democratic", "Popular vote": "120,514 \u00b7 90,673", "Percentage": "54.0% \u00b7 40.6%", "Lieutenant Governor before election \u00b7 Edmund G. McGilton \u00b7 Republican": "Elected Lieutenant Governor \u00b7 Edmund G. McGilton \u00b7 Republican"}}]
| false |
# 1780s in rail transport
This article lists events relating to rail transport that occurred during the 1780s.
## 1780
### Births
#### January births
- January 26 – John Urpeth Rastrick, English steam locomotive builder and partner in Foster, Rastrick and Company (died 1856).[1]
#### October births
- October 25 – Philip Hone, first president of Delaware and Hudson Railway 1825–1826 (died 1851).
## 1781
### Births
#### June births
- June 9 – George Stephenson, English steam locomotive builder.
## 1782
### Births
#### Unknown date births
- Joseph Treffry (born Joseph Austen), railway promoter in Cornwall, England (died 1850).[2]
## 1783
### Events
- Halbeath Railway opens from the colliery at Halbeath to the harbour at Inverkeithing, Scotland.[3]
## 1784
### Births
- December 30 – Stephen H. Long, American steam locomotive mechanical engineer who helped build the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (died 1864).[4]
## 1785
### Births
#### Unknown date births
- Sir William Cubitt, civil engineer on the South Eastern and Great Northern Railways of England (died 1861).[5][6]
## 1786
### Births
#### December births
- December 22 – Timothy Hackworth, English steam locomotive builder (died 1850).[7]
#### Unknown date births
- William T. James, American inventor of the link motion and spark arrester (died 1865).
## 1787
### Events
#### Unknown date events
- First production of all-iron edge rail (for underground colliery use), at Plymouth Ironworks, Merthyr Tydfil, South Wales.[8]
- First introduction of plateway (for underground use), at Sheffield Park Colliery, Yorkshire, England, by John Curr.[9]
### Births
#### October births
- October 18 – Robert Livingston Stevens, president of the Camden and Amboy Railroad, the first railroad built in New Jersey (died 1856).[10]
## 1788
### Events
#### Unknown date events
- First introduction of plateway for surface use, at Wingerworth Iron Foundry, Derbyshire, England, by Joseph Butler.[11]
## 1789
### Events
#### Unknown date events
- Oliver Evans is awarded a U.S. patent for his "steam carriage," a design that is believed by some historians to have influenced Richard Trevithick's work on early steam locomotives.
### Births
#### October births
- October 8 – John Ruggles, awarded U.S. patent 1 for improved driving wheels (died 1874).
#### Unknown date births
- Gridley Bryant, inventor of many basic railroad technologies including track and wheels (died 1867)
|
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{{short description|none}}
{| class="infobox"
|- style="background:#f3f3f3;"
| style="text-align:center;"| [[1770s in rail transport|1770s]] <sup>.</sup> '''1780s in rail transport''' <sup>.</sup> [[1790s in rail transport|1790s]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Other topics: [[1780s in archaeology|archaeology]]
|}
This article lists events relating to [[rail transport]] that occurred during the 1780s.
==1780==
===Births===
====January births====
* January 26 – [[John Urpeth Rastrick]], [[England|English]] [[steam locomotive]] builder and partner in [[Foster, Rastrick and Company]] (died 1856).<ref>{{cite web
|title=John Urpeth Rastrick
|work=steamindex.com
|url=https://steamindex.com/people/rastrick.htm
|accessdate=31 March 2024
|date=12 August 2012
}}
</ref>
====October births====
* October 25 – [[Philip Hone]], first president of [[Delaware and Hudson Railway]] 1825–1826 (died 1851).
==1781==
===Births===
====June births====
* June 9 – [[George Stephenson]], [[England|English]] [[steam locomotive]] builder.
==1782==
===Births===
====Unknown date births====
* [[Joseph Treffry]] (born Joseph Austen), railway promoter in [[Cornwall]], [[England]] (died 1850).<ref>{{cite ODNB|author =Simmons, Jack|chapter=Treffry, Joseph Thomas|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|year=2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/38076|chapter-url= http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/38076|accessdate=2010-01-12}}</ref>
==1783==
===Events===
* Halbeath Railway opens from the colliery at [[Halbeath]] to the harbour at [[Inverkeithing]], [[Scotland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.railbrit.co.uk/Halbeath_Railway/frame.htm|first=Mark|last=Poustie|title=Halbeath Railway|work=RailScot|accessdate=2009-12-16}}</ref>
==1784==
===Births===
*December 30 – [[Stephen H. Long]], [[United States|American]] [[steam locomotive]] mechanical engineer who helped build the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] (died 1864).<ref>{{White - History of the American locomotive}}</ref>
==1785==
===Births===
====Unknown date births====
* Sir [[William Cubitt]], [[civil engineering|civil engineer]] on the [[South Eastern Railway (UK)|South Eastern]] and [[Great Northern Railway (Great Britain)|Great Northern Railway]]s of [[England]] (died 1861).<ref>{{cite book|last=Marshall|first=John|title=A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers|location=Oxford|publisher=[[Railway and Canal Historical Society]]|year=2003|edition=2nd|isbn=0-901461-22-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Peter |last=Brown |title=Sir William Cubitt (1785-1861) |url=http://www.peter-quita.demon.co.uk/cubitt.htm |accessdate=2009-12-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224022458/http://www.peter-quita.demon.co.uk/cubitt.htm |archivedate=24 December 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==1786==
===Births===
====December births====
* December 22 – [[Timothy Hackworth]], [[England|English]] [[steam locomotive]] builder (died 1850).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://steamindex.com/people/hackwort.htm |title=Timothy Hackworth |website=steamindex.com |date=23 January 2013 |access-date=31 March 2024 }}</ref>
====Unknown date births====
* [[William T. James]], [[United States|American]] inventor of the [[link motion]] and [[spark arrester]] (died 1865).
==1787==
===Events===
====Unknown date events====
* First production of all-iron edge rail (for underground colliery use), at Plymouth Ironworks, [[Merthyr Tydfil]], [[South Wales]].<ref>{{cite book|last=van Laun|first=John|title=Early Limestone Railways|publisher=[[Newcomen Society]]|location=London|year=2001|isbn=0-904685-09-8|pages=203–4}}</ref>
* First introduction of [[plateway]] (for underground use), at [[Sheffield]] Park Colliery, [[Yorkshire]], [[England]], by [[John Curr]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=none|publisher=[[Railway and Canal Historical Society]], Early Railway Group|journal=Occasional Paper|volume=184,192}}</ref>
===Births===
====October births====
* October 18 – [[Robert Livingston Stevens]], president of the [[Camden and Amboy Railroad]], the first railroad built in [[New Jersey]] (died 1856).<ref>''[http://www.todayinsci.com/10/10_18.htm Today in Science History: October 18]''. Retrieved October 18, 2005.</ref>
==1788==
===Events===
====Unknown date events====
* First introduction of [[plateway]] for surface use, at [[Wingerworth]] Iron [[Foundry]], [[Derbyshire]], [[England]], by Joseph Butler.<ref>{{cite book|author =Farey, John|author-link =John Farey Sr. |title=General View of the Agriculture and Minerals of Derbyshire|volume=3|location=London|publisher=Board of Agriculture|year=1817}}</ref>
==1789==
===Events===
====Unknown date events====
* [[Oliver Evans]] is awarded a U.S. [[patent]] for his "steam carriage," a design that is believed by some historians to have influenced [[Richard Trevithick]]'s work on early [[steam locomotive]]s.
===Births===
====October births====
* October 8 – [[John Ruggles]], awarded {{US patent|1}} for improved [[driving wheel]]s (died 1874).
====Unknown date births====
* [[Gridley Bryant]], inventor of many basic [[railroad]] technologies including track and wheels (died 1867)
==See also==
*[[Years in rail transport]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Timeline of railway history|Rail transport timeline]]
| years = 1780s
| before = [[1770s in rail transport]]
| after = [[1790s in rail transport]]
}}
{{s-end}}
* {{White - History of the American locomotive}}
* {{White - America's most noteworthy railroaders}}
[[Category:1780s in rail transport| ]]
| 1,226,412,597 |
[]
| false |
# 1914–15 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team
The 1914–15 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team (variously "North Carolina", "Carolina" or "Tar Heels") was the fifth varsity college basketball team to represent the University of North Carolina.
## Roster and schedule
| Name | Position |
| --------------- | -------- |
| Ezra Andrews | G |
| Rusty Davis | G |
| William Fuller | |
| Clem Holding | C |
| Roy Homewood | G |
| John Johnson | F |
| Ed Keesler | F |
| Meb Long | F |
| George Loughran | |
| Raby Tennent | G |
| George Tandy | C |
| Reference: | |
| December 12, 1914* | Durham Y.M.C.A. | L 14–22 | 0–1 | Bynum Gymnasium Chapel Hill, North Carolina |
| December 16, 1914* | at Durham Y.M.C.A. | L 25–44 | 0–2 | Durham, North Carolina |
| December 19, 1914* | Durham Y.M.C.A. | W 25–24 | 1–2 | Bynum Gymnasium Chapel Hill, North Carolina |
| January 11, 1915* | Elon College | W 15–9 | 2–2 | Bynum Gymnasium Chapel Hill, North Carolina |
| January 16, 1915* | vs. Wake Forest | L 23–26 | 2–3 | Raleigh, North Carolina |
| February 2, 1915* | Wake Forest | W 32–20 | 3–3 | Bynum Gymnasium Chapel Hill, North Carolina |
| February 8, 1915* | vs. Virginia | L 29–30 OT | 3–4 | Raleigh, North Carolina |
| February 11, 1915* | at Wake Forest | L 25–30 | 3–5 | Wake Forest, North Carolina |
| February 13, 1915* | vs. Guilford College | W 45–27 | 4–5 | Raleigh, North Carolina |
| February 15, 1915* | at Roanoke College | W 18–17 | 5–5 | |
| February 16, 1915* | vs. Washington and Lee | L 22–29 | 5–6 | Raleigh, North Carolina |
| February 17, 1915* | Virginia Military Institute | L 24–28 | 5–7 | Bynum Gymnasium Chapel Hill, North Carolina |
| February 18, 1915* | vs. Virginia | L 26–43 | 5–8 | Fayerweather Gymnasium Charlottesville, Virginia |
| February 19, 1915* | at Staunton Military Academy | W 28–16 | 6–8 | Staunton, Virginia |
| February 20, 1915* | at Lynchburg Y.M.C.A. | L 20–63 | 6–9 | |
| February 27, 1915* | at Elon College | L 15–19 | 6–10 | |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. All times are in Eastern Time. | | | | |
### Footnotes
1. ↑ The school was known as the University of North Carolina until February 1963.[1]
### Citations
1. ↑ Vance Barron (February 6, 1963). "Pearsall Group Recommends 5-Part Plan For University". The Daily Tar Heel. p. 1. Retrieved October 27, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
2. 1 2 Mebane 1915, p. 218.
3. ↑ Kirschner 2018, p. 151.
4. ↑ Kirschner 2018, p. 219.
### Bibliography
- Kirschner, Steve, ed. (2018). Carolina Basketball 2018-19 Facts & Records Book (PDF). Chapel Hill, North Carolina: UNC Athletic Communications Office. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 27, 2019.
- Mebane, G. A. Jr., ed. (1915). Yackety Yack. Vol. XV. Raleigh, North Carolina: Edwards & Broughton Printing Company. pp. 215–9 – via North Carolina Digital Heritage Center.
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{{short description|American college basketball season}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox NCAA team season
|mode=Basketball
|year=1914–15
|team=North Carolina Tar Heels
|image=1914-15 Tar Heels Basketball Team Photo.png
|image_size=280px
|conference= Independent
|division=
|short_conf=
|CoachRank=
|APRank=
|record=6–10
|conf_record= 0–0
|head_coach= [[Charles Doak]]
|hc_year = 1st
| captain = Meb Long
| mvp =
|asst_coach1=
|asst_coach2=
|asst_coach3=
|stadium=[[Bynum Hall|Bynum Gymnasium]]
|champion=
|bowl=
|bowl_result=
}}
The '''1914–15 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball team''' (variously "North Carolina", "Carolina" or "Tar Heels") was the fifth varsity [[college basketball]] team to represent the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina]].{{refn|name=UNC|group=N|The school was known as the University of North Carolina until February 1963.<ref name="DTH Name change">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/37987195/the_daily_tar_heel/|work=The Daily Tar Heel|page=1|date=February 6, 1963|title=Pearsall Group Recommends 5-Part Plan For University|author=Vance Barron|accessdate=October 27, 2019|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref>}}
==Roster and schedule==
{{columns-start}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ 1914–15 North Carolina Tar Heels roster
|-
!Name
!Position
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Ezra Andrews
| style="text-align:center;"| G
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Rusty Davis
| style="text-align:center;"| G
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| William Fuller
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Clem Holding
| style="text-align:center;"| C
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Roy Homewood
| style="text-align:center;"| G
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| John Johnson
| style="text-align:center;"| F
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Ed Keesler
| style="text-align:center;"| F
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Meb Long
| style="text-align:center;"| F
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| George Loughran
| style="text-align:center;"|
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Raby Tennent
| style="text-align:center;"| G
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| George Tandy
| style="text-align:center;"| C
|-
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| Reference:{{sfn|Mebane|1915|p=218}}{{sfn|Kirschner|2018|p=151}}
|}
{{CBB schedule start|attend=no|rank=no|gamehighs=no}}
|+ Schedule{{sfn|Mebane|1915|p=218}}{{sfn|Kirschner|2018|p=219}}
|-
!colspan=6 style="background:#4B9CD3; color:#FFFFFF;"| Regular season
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = December 12, 1914
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = Durham Y.M.C.A.
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Bynum Hall|Bynum Gymnasium]]
| site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 14–22
| overtime =
| record = 0–1
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = December 16, 1914
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away = yes
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = Durham Y.M.C.A.
| opprank =
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Durham, North Carolina]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 25–44
| overtime =
| record = 0–2
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = December 19, 1914
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = Durham Y.M.C.A.
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Bynum Hall|Bynum Gymnasium]]
| site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 25–24
| overtime =
| record = 1–2
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = January 11, 1915
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Elon Phoenix men's basketball|Elon College]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Bynum Hall|Bynum Gymnasium]]
| site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 15–9
| overtime =
| record = 2–2
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = January 16, 1915
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral = yes
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's basketball|Wake Forest]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 23–26
| overtime =
| record = 2–3
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 2, 1915
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's basketball|Wake Forest]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Bynum Hall|Bynum Gymnasium]]
| site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 32–20
| overtime =
| record = 3–3
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 8, 1915
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral = yes
| rank = no
| opponent = [[1914–15 University of Virginia men's basketball team|Virginia]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 29–30
| overtime = OT
| record = 3–4
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 11, 1915
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away = yes
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's basketball|Wake Forest]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Wake Forest, North Carolina]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 25–30
| overtime =
| record = 3–5
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 13, 1915
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral = yes
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Guilford Quakers|Guilford College]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 45–27
| overtime =
| record = 4–5
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 15, 1915
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away = yes
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Roanoke College]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst =
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 18–17
| overtime =
| record = 5–5
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 16, 1915
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral = yes
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Washington and Lee University|Washington and Lee]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 22–29
| overtime =
| record = 5–6
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 17, 1915
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[VMI Keydets basketball|Virginia Military Institute]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Bynum Hall|Bynum Gymnasium]]
| site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 24–28
| overtime =
| record = 5–7
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 18, 1915
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away =
| neutral = yes
| rank = no
| opponent = [[1914–15 University of Virginia men's basketball team|Virginia]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = Fayerweather Gymnasium
| site_cityst = [[Charlottesville, Virginia]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 26–43
| overtime =
| record = 5–8
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 19, 1915
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away = yes
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Staunton Military Academy]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst = [[Staunton, Virginia]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 28–16
| overtime =
| record = 6–8
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 20, 1915
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away = yes
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = Lynchburg Y.M.C.A.
| opprank =
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst =
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 20–63
| overtime =
| record = 6–9
}}
{{CBB schedule entry
| date = February 27, 1915
| time =
| nonconf = yes
| homecoming =
| away = yes
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Elon Phoenix men's basketball|Elon College]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium =
| site_cityst =
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 15–19
| overtime =
| record = 6–10
}}
{{CBB schedule end
| timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone (Americas)|Eastern Time]]}}
{{columns-end}}
{{commons category}}
==References==
===Footnotes===
{{reflist|group=N}}
===Citations===
{{reflist|30em}}
===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/sidearm.sites/unc.sidearmsports.com/documents/2018/11/5/2018_19_UNC_M_BKB_Record_Book.pdf |title=Carolina Basketball 2018-19 Facts & Records Book |year=2018 |editor-last=Kirschner|editor-first=Steve|publisher= UNC Athletic Communications Office|location=Chapel Hill, North Carolina|format=PDF |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027235426/https://s3.amazonaws.com/sidearm.sites/unc.sidearmsports.com/documents/2018/11/5/2018_19_UNC_M_BKB_Record_Book.pdf |archivedate=October 27, 2019|url-status=live }}
*{{cite book|title=Yackety Yack|editor-last=Mebane|editor-first=G. A. Jr.|publisher=Edwards & Broughton Printing Company|location=Raleigh, North Carolina|year=1915|url=https://lib.digitalnc.org/record/27756?ln=en#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=222&r=0&xywh=-415%2C-1%2C4698%2C2855|pages=215–9|via=North Carolina Digital Heritage Center|volume=XV}}
{{Refend}}
{{North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball navbox}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1914-15 North Carolina Tar Heels Men's Basketball Team}}
[[Category:1914–15 NCAA men's basketball independents season|North Carolina]]
[[Category:North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball seasons]]
[[Category:1914 in sports in North Carolina|North Carolina Tar Heels Men's Basketball]]
[[Category:1915 in sports in North Carolina|North Carolina Tar Heels Men's Basketball]]
| 1,170,183,750 |
[{"title": "1914\u201315 North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball", "data": {"Conference": "Independent", "Record": "6\u201310", "Head coach": "- Charles Doak (1st season)", "Captain": "Meb Long", "Home arena": "Bynum Gymnasium"}}]
| false |
# 105th Squadron (JASDF)
The 105th Squadron (第105飛行隊 (dai-ichi-zero-go-hikoutai)) was a squadron of the 3rd Air Wing of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) based at Komaki Air Base in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It was equipped with North American F-86D Sabre aircraft.
## History
On March 15, 1962 the squadron was formed at Komaki Air Base. It followed the 103rd Squadron. There was no 104th squadron formed because the JASDF had already decided to introduce the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter as the next interceptor.
It was disbanded on December 1, 1967, on the same day as fellow Komaki unit 102nd Squadron.
## Aircraft operated
### Fighter aircraft
- North American F-86D Sabre（1962-1967）
|
enwiki/55414287
|
enwiki
| 55,414,287 |
105th Squadron (JASDF)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/105th_Squadron_(JASDF)
|
2019-02-04T18:04:25Z
|
en
|
Q41519554
| 14,252 |
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 102nd Squadron
| native_name = 第102飛行隊
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| dates = March 15, 1962
| country = [[Japan]]
| countries =
| allegiance =
| branch = [[Japan Air Self-Defense Force]]
| type =
| role =
| size =
| command_structure = [[Central Air Defense Force (Japan)|Central Air Defense Force]], 3rd Air Wing
| garrison = [[Nagoya Airfield|Komaki Air Base]]
| garrison_label =
| nickname =
| patron =
| motto =
| colors = <!-- or | colours = -->
| colors_label = <!-- or | colours_label = -->
| march =
| mascot =
| anniversaries =
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| battles =
| decorations =
| battle_honours =
| battle_honours_label =
| disbanded =December 1, 1967
| flying_hours =
| website =
<!-- Commanders -->
| current_commander =
| commander1 =
| commander1_label =
| commander2 =
| commander2_label =
| commander3 =
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| commander4_label =
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| commander5_label =
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| commander6_label =
| commander7 =
| commander7_label =
| commander8 =
| commander8_label =
| commander9 =
| commander9_label =
| notable_commanders =
<!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_label =
| identification_symbol_2 =
| identification_symbol_2_label =
| identification_symbol_3 =
| identification_symbol_3_label =
| identification_symbol_4 =
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| identification_symbol_5 =
| identification_symbol_5_label =
<!-- Aircraft -->
| aircraft_attack =
| aircraft_bomber =
| aircraft_electronic =
| aircraft_fighter =[[North American F-86D Sabre]]
| aircraft_helicopter =
| aircraft_helicopter_attack =
| aircraft_helicopter_cargo =
| aircraft_helicopter_multirole =
| aircraft_helicopter_observation =
| aircraft_helicopter_transport =
| aircraft_helicopter_trainer =
| aircraft_helicopter_utility =
| aircraft_interceptor =
| aircraft_patrol =
| aircraft_recon =
| aircraft_trainer =
| aircraft_transport =
| aircraft_tanker =
| aircraft_general =
}}
The '''105th Squadron''' ({{nihongo|第105飛行隊|dai-ichi-zero-go-hikoutai}}) was a squadron of the 3rd Air Wing of the [[Japan Air Self-Defense Force]] (JASDF) based at [[Nagoya Airfield|Komaki Air Base]] in [[Aichi Prefecture]], Japan. It was equipped with [[North American F-86D Sabre]] aircraft.<ref name="histories">Thompson, Paul [http://www.j-hangarspace.jp/jasdf-squadron-histories JASDF - Squadron Histories] ''J-HangarSpace'' Retrieved October 2, 2017</ref>
==History==
On March 15, 1962 the squadron was formed at Komaki Air Base. It followed the [[103rd Squadron (JASDF)|103rd Squadron]]. There was no 104th squadron formed because the JASDF had already decided to introduce the [[Lockheed F-104 Starfighter]] as the next interceptor.
It was disbanded on December 1, 1967, on the same day as fellow Komaki unit [[102nd Squadron (JASDF)|102nd Squadron]].<ref name="histories"/>
==Aircraft operated==
===Fighter aircraft===
* [[North American F-86D Sabre]]（1962-1967）
==See also==
* [[Fighter units of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Units of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force]]
| 881,767,857 |
[{"title": "102nd Squadron", "data": {"Active": "March 15, 1962", "Disbanded": "December 1, 1967", "Country": "Japan", "Branch": "Japan Air Self-Defense Force", "Part of": "Central Air Defense Force, 3rd Air Wing", "Garrison/HQ": "Komaki Air Base"}}, {"title": "Aircraft flown", "data": {"Fighter": "North American F-86D Sabre"}}]
| false |
# 1902–03 Columbia men's ice hockey season
The 1902–03 Columbia men's ice hockey season was the 7th season of play for the program.
## Season
The team did not have a head coach but Charles Dana served as team manager.
Note: Columbia University adopted the Lion as its mascot in 1910.
## Roster
| No. | Nat. | Player | Class | Pos | Height | Weight | DoB | Hometown | Previous team |
| --- | ------------- | ---------------------- | --------- | --- | ------ | ------ | ---------- | ------------------ | ------------- |
| | | Albert J. Akin | Junior | F | | | | | |
| | | Farrand Benedict | Junior | D | | | | | |
| | | William Bode | Sophomore | | | | | | |
| | | Walter Cook Jr. | Sophomore | F | | | | | |
| | | Harold Herman Duden | Graduate | | | | | | |
| | | William Duden (C) | Junior | D | | | | | |
| | | Douglas McKee | Junior | F | | | | | |
| | | John Hecker | | F | | | | | |
| | United States | Rudolph L. von Bernuth | Junior | G | | | 1883-12-18 | New York, New York | |
| | | Arthur Wolff | Senior | C | | | | | |
## Standings
| 1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings | 1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings |
| | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | Intercollegiate | | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall |
| GP | W | L | T | PCT. | GF | GA | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | | |
| --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| Brown | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | .000 | 2 | 20 | | 6 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 9 | 23 |
| Columbia | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | .300 | 15 | 17 | | 9 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 21 | 28 |
| Cornell | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | .500 | 4 | 2 | | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2 |
| Harvard | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | 33 | 8 | | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 51 | 14 |
| MIT | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | .000 | 3 | 4 | | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| Princeton | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | .500 | 14 | 12 | | 11 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 44 | 40 |
| Rensselaer | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | .000 | 1 | 2 | | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Williams | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | 2 | 1 | | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 11 |
| Yale | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | .500 | 17 | 24 | | 17 | 4 | 12 | 1 | 30 | 83 |
| 1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings | 1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings |
| | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | Conference | | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall |
| GP | W | L | T | PTS | GF | GA | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | | |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
| Harvard * | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 18 | 2 | | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 51 | 14 |
| Yale | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 11 | 8 | | 17 | 4 | 12 | 1 | 30 | 83 |
| Columbia | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 12 | 14 | † | 9 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 21 | 28 |
| Princeton | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 14 | 8 | † | 11 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 44 | 40 |
| Brown | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 20 | | 6 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 9 | 23 |
| * indicates conference champion † Princeton's team disbanded before a tie with Columbia could be settled and was forced to forfeit the game. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
## Schedule and results
| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Record | | | | | | | |
| Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season | Regular Season |
| --------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- | -------------- |
| January 10 | vs. St. Francis Xavier* | Clermont Avenue Skating Rink • Brooklyn, New York | W 2–0 | 1–0–0 | | | | | | | |
| January 14 | Yale | St. Nicholas Rink • New York, New York | L 4–6 | 1–1–0 (0–1–0) | | | | | | | |
| January 31 | Harvard | St. Nicholas Rink • New York, New York | L 1–5 | 1–2–0 (0–2–0) | | | | | | | |
| February 6 | Brooklyn Crescents* | St. Nicholas Rink • New York, New York | L 2–9 | 1–3–0 | | | | | | | |
| February 7 | Hackley School* | St. Nicholas Rink • New York, New York | W 2–0 | 2–3–0 | | | | | | | |
| February 11 | Princeton | St. Nicholas Rink • New York, New York | T 2–2 † | 2–3–1 (1–2–0) | | | | | | | |
| February 14 | Brown | St. Nicholas Rink • New York, New York | W 5–1 | 3–3–1 (2–2–0) | | | | | | | |
| February 18 | vs. New York Athletic Club* | St. Nicholas Rink • New York, New York | L 1–2 | 3–5–1 | | | | | | | |
| February 24 | Yale* | St. Nicholas Rink • New York, New York (IHA Tiebreaker) | L 2–3 | 3–6–1 | | | | | | | |
| *Non-conference game. | | | | | | | | | | | |
† Because Princeton's team was disbanded they were forced to forfeit the overtime session to be played after the 18th of February. As a result Columbia finished in a tie with Yale for 2nd place in the conference, necessitating the game on February 24.
|
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enwiki
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1902–03 Columbia men's ice hockey season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1902%E2%80%9303_Columbia_men%27s_ice_hockey_season
|
2025-02-17T19:13:19Z
|
en
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Q85720712
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{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{NCAAIceHockeyTeamSeason
|color = color:white; background:#99CAEA; {{box-shadow border|a|#183863|2px}}
|color text = black
|Teamlink = [[Columbia Lions men's ice hockey|{{color|black|Columbia}}]]
|Season = [[1902–03 United States collegiate men's ice hockey season|{{color|black|1902–03}}]]
|Image = Columbia Lions wordmark.png
|ImageSize = 250
|Team = Columbia
|Sex = men
|Conference = Intercollegiate Hockey Association
|ShortConference = IHA
|ConferenceRank = T–2nd
|Poll#1 =
|Poll#1Rank =
|Poll#2 =
|Poll#2Rank =
|Record = 3–5–1
|ConfRecord = 1–3–1
|HomeRecord = 2–3–1
|RoadRecord =
|NeutralRecord = 1–2–0
|HeadCoach =
|AsstCoach1 =
|AsstCoach2 =
|Captain = William Duden
|AltCaptain =
|Arena = [[St. Nicholas Rink]]
|Champion =
|NCAATourney =
|NCAATourneyResult =
|prevseason = [[1901–02 Columbia men's ice hockey season|1901–02]]
|nextseason = [[1903–04 Columbia men's ice hockey season|1903–04]]
|headerstyle = {{CollegePrimaryStyle|Columbia Lions |color=#000000}}
|labelstyle = background:#eeeeee;
}}
The '''1902–03 Columbia men's ice hockey season''' was the 7th season of play for the program.
==Season==
The team did not have a head coach but Charles Dana served as team manager.
Note: [[Columbia University]] adopted the Lion as its mascot in 1910.<ref name="AmCollege1910">{{cite book |title=The American College|url=https://archive.org/details/americancollege00usgoog|year=1910|publisher=Higher Education Association|page=[https://archive.org/details/americancollege00usgoog/page/n177 162]}}</ref>
==Roster==
{{College ice hockey team roster | noNHL =yes }}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Albert J. |last=Akin |link= |class=jr |rs= |pos=F |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear= |birthmonth= |birthday= |state= |hometown= |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Farrand |last=Benedict |link= |class=jr |rs= |pos=D |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear= |birthmonth= |birthday= |state= |hometown= |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=William |last=Bode |link= |class=so |rs= |pos= |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear= |birthmonth= |birthday= |state= |hometown= |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Walter |last=Cook Jr. |link= |class=so |rs= |pos=F |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear= |birthmonth= |birthday= |state= |hometown= |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Harold Herman |last=Duden |link= |class=graduate |rs= |pos= |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear= |birthmonth= |birthday= |state= |hometown= |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=William |last=Duden |link= |class=jr |rs= |pos=D |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear= |birthmonth= |birthday= |state= |hometown= |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=C}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Douglas |last=McKee |link= |class=jr |rs= |pos=f |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear= |birthmonth= |birthday= |state= |hometown= |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=John |last=Hecker |link= |class= |rs= |pos=F |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear= |birthmonth= |birthday= |state= |hometown= |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Rudolph L. |last=von Bernuth |link=Rudolph von Bernuth |class=jr |rs= |pos=G |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear=1883 |birthmonth=12 |birthday=18 |country=USA |hometown=[[New York City|New York, New York]] |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{CIHplayer |num= |first=Arthur |last=Wolff |link= |class=sr |rs= |pos=c |ft= |in= |wt= |birthyear= |birthmonth= |birthday= |state= |hometown= |prevteam= |prevleague= | noNHL =yes |inj= |cap=}}
{{end}}
<ref name = yearbook>{{cite web |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433075982763&view=1up&seq=286 |title=The Columbian 1905 |work=Columbia University |accessdate=January 19, 2020}}</ref>
==Standings==
{{1902–03 Collegiate ice hockey standings (men)|team=COL}}
{{1902–03 Intercollegiate Hockey Association standings (men)|team=COL}}
==Schedule and results==
{{CIH schedule start|time= |attend= |rank=no |tv= |decision= }}
|-
!colspan=12 style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Columbia Lions |color=#000000}};" | '''Regular Season'''
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = January 10
| time =
| w/l = w
| nonconf = yes
| away =
| neutral = yes
| rank = no
| opponent = [[St. Francis Xavier X-Men ice hockey|St. Francis Xavier]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[Clermont Avenue Skating Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 2–0
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 1–0–0
| conference =
}}
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = January 14
| time =
| w/l = l
| nonconf =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Yale Bulldogs men's ice hockey|Yale]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[St. Nicholas Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 4–6
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 1–1–0
| conference = 0–1–0
}}
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = January 31
| time =
| w/l = l
| nonconf =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey|Harvard]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[St. Nicholas Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 1–5
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 1–2–0
| conference = 0–2–0
}}
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = February 6
| time =
| w/l = l
| nonconf = yes
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Brooklyn Crescents]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[St. Nicholas Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 2–9
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 1–3–0
| conference =
}}
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = February 7
| time =
| w/l = w
| nonconf = yes
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Hackley School]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[St. Nicholas Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 2–0
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 2–3–0
| conference =
}}
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = February 11
| time =
| w/l = t
| nonconf =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Princeton Tigers men's ice hockey|Princeton]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[St. Nicholas Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 2–2 †
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 2–3–1
| conference = 1–2–0
}}
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = February 14
| time =
| w/l = w
| nonconf =
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Brown Bears men's ice hockey|Brown]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[St. Nicholas Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 5–1
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 3–3–1
| conference = 2–2–0
}}
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = February 18
| time =
| w/l = l
| nonconf = yes
| away =
| neutral = yes
| rank = no
| opponent = [[New York Athletic Club]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[St. Nicholas Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| gamename =
| tv =
| score = 1–2
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 3–5–1
| conference =
}}
{{CIH schedule entry
| date = February 24
| time =
| w/l = l
| nonconf = yes
| away =
| neutral =
| rank = no
| opponent = [[Yale Bulldogs men's ice hockey|Yale]]
| opprank =
| site_stadium = [[St. Nicholas Rink]]
| site_cityst = [[New York City|New York]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| gamename = IHA Tiebreaker
| tv =
| score = 2–3
| overtime =
| decision =
| attend =
| record = 3–6–1
| conference =
}}
{{CIH schedule end|time=no|rank=no}}
<small>† Because Princeton's team was disbanded they were forced to forfeit the overtime session to be played after the 18th of February. As a result Columbia finished in a tie with Yale for 2nd place in the conference, necessitating the game on February 24.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gHAwAAAAIAAJ&q=princeton+hockey+1903&pg=PA344 |title=Ice Hockey Season of 1903 |work=Tribune Almanac and Political Register |accessdate=January 26, 2020}}</ref></small>
<ref name = yearbook>{{cite web |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433075982763&view=1up&seq=286 |title=The Columbian 1905 |work=Columbia University |accessdate=January 19, 2020}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|50em}}
{{Columbia Lions men's ice hockey navbox}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1902-03 Columbia men's ice hockey season}}
[[Category:Columbia Lions men's ice hockey seasons]]
[[Category:1902–03 in United States collegiate ice hockey by team|Columbia]]
[[Category:1902 in sports in New York City|Columbia]]
[[Category:1903 in sports in New York City|Columbia]]
| 1,276,245,138 |
[{"title": "1902\u201303 Columbia \u00b7 men's ice hockey season", "data": {"Conference": "T\u20132nd IHA", "Home ice": "St. Nicholas Rink"}}, {"title": "Record", "data": {"Overall": "3\u20135\u20131", "Conference": "1\u20133\u20131", "Home": "2\u20133\u20131", "Neutral": "1\u20132\u20130"}}, {"title": "Coaches and captains", "data": {"Captain(s)": "William Duden"}}]
| false |
# 1704 in literature
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1704.
## Events
- July – The Storm: or, a collection of the most remarkable casualties and disasters which happen'd in the late dreadful tempest, both by sea and land, a documentary account by Daniel Defoe of the Great Storm of 1703 in England, is published anonymously in London by John Nutt.
- December – John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, arrives back in Britain after his victory at the Battle of Blenheim. The English architect and dramatist Sir John Vanbrugh is commissioned by Queen Anne to begin Blenheim Palace.[1]
- unknown dates
- A Tale of a Tub, the first major satire by Jonathan Swift (written 1694–1697), is published anonymously in London by John Nutt with The Battle of the Books as part of the prolegomena, running through three editions this year.
- Antoine Galland publishes the first volume of Les mille et une nuits, the first translation of One Thousand and One Nights into a European language.
## New books
### Prose
- Joseph Addison – The Campaign
- Mary Astell – A Fair Way with Dissenters and their Patrons (reply to Defoe)
- Willem Bosman – Nauwkeurige beschrijving van de Guinese Goud- Tand- en Slavekust (A new and accurate description of the coast of Guinea, divided into the Gold, the Slave, and the Ivory coasts)[2]
- William Chillingworth – The Works of William Chillingworth
- Mary Davys – The Amours of Alcyippus and Leucippe
- Daniel Defoe
- The Address
- The Dissenters Answer to the High-Church Challenge
- An Elegy on the Author of the True-Born English-man
- An Essay on the Regulation of the Press (attrib.)
- Giving Alms No Charity, and Employing the Poor a Grievance to the Nation
- A Hymn to Victory
- More Short-Ways with the Dissenters
- A Review of the Affairs of France
- The Storm
- John Dennis – The Person of Quality's Answer to Mr Collier's Letter
- "Dictionnaire de Trévoux" (Dictionnaire universel françois et latin)
- Andrew Fletcher – An Account of a Conversation Concerning a Right Regulation of Governments for the Good of Mankind
- Pierre Jurieu – Histoire critique des dogmes et des cultes
- White Kennett – The Christian Scholar (attrib.)
- Sarah Kemble Knight – The Journals of Madam Knight
- Charles Leslie – The Wolf Stript of his Shepherd's Clothing (against Defoe'sShortest Way)
- Paul Lucas – Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant
- Bernard de Mandeville – Typhon
- Isaac Newton – Opticks
- Mary Pix – Violenta
- George Psalmanazar – An Historical and Geographical Description of Formosa (hoax)
- Matthew Prior – A Letter to Monsieur Boileau Depreaux
- Jonathan Swift
- A Tale of a Tub
- The Battle of the Books
### Drama
- Thomas Baker – An Act at Oxford
- Colley Cibber – The Careless Husband
- William Congreve, John Vanbrugh, William Walsh – Squire Trelooby
- David Crauford – Love At First Sight
- John Dennis – Liberty Asserted
- George Farquhar – The Stage Coach
- Nicholas Rowe -The Biter
- Richard Steele – The Lying Lover
- William Taverner – The Faithful Bride of Granada
- Joseph Trapp – Abra-Mule
### Poetry
- William Wycherley – Miscellany Poems
- See also 1704 in poetry
## Births
- January 1 – Soame Jenyns, English poet and essayist (died 1787)
- February 12 – Charles Pinot Duclos, French writer (died 1772)[3]
- April – Thomas Osborne, English publisher and bookseller (died 1767)
- June 16 – Joseph Thurston, English poet (died 1732)[4]
- June 22 – John Taylor, English classicist (died 1766)
- August 11 – James Miller, English playwright, poet and satirist (died 1744)
- unknown dates
- John Adams, American poet (died 1740)[5]
- Yuan Mei (袁枚), Chinese poet, diarist and gastronome (died 1797)
## Deaths
- January 15 – Henry Herringman, English bookseller and publisher (born 1628)
- February 23 – Henry Noris, Italian church historian and theologian (born 1631)
- April 12 – Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, French writer (born 1627)
- June 18 – Tom Brown, English satirist (born 1662)
- July 9 – Yan Ruoqu (閻若璩), Chinese scholar and polymath (born 1636)
- July 24 – István Gyöngyösi, Hungarian poet (born 1620)
- August 19 – Jane Leade, English visionary and Christian mystic writer (born 1624)
- October 28
- John Locke, English philosopher (born 1632)[6]
- Goodwin Wharton, English autobiographer and politician (born 1653)
- December 11 – Roger L'Estrange, English Royalist pamphleteer (born 1616)
- unknown date – Barbara Blaugdone, English Quaker autobiographer (born c. 1609)
|
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| 225,836 |
1704 in literature
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1704_in_literature
|
2025-01-29T16:35:26Z
|
en
|
Q254144
| 53,495 |
{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{refimprove|date=July 2020}}
{{Year nav topic5|1704|literature|poetry}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2020}}
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of '''1704'''.
==Events==
*July – ''[[The Storm (Daniel Defoe)|The Storm: or, a collection of the most remarkable casualties and disasters which happen'd in the late dreadful tempest, both by sea and land]]'', a documentary account by [[Daniel Defoe]] of the [[Great Storm of 1703]] in England, is published anonymously in London by [[John Nutt (printer)|John Nutt]].
*December – [[John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough]], arrives back in Britain after his victory at the Battle of Blenheim. The English architect and dramatist Sir [[John Vanbrugh]] is commissioned by Queen Anne to begin [[Blenheim Palace]].<ref>{{cite book|author=John Henry Crockatt|title=John Churchill, First Duke of Marlborough|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z30DAAAAMAAJ|year=1970|publisher=Quentin Nelson|page=70}}</ref>
*''unknown dates''
**''[[A Tale of a Tub]]'', the first major [[satire]] by [[Jonathan Swift]] (written 1694–1697), is published anonymously in London by John Nutt with ''[[The Battle of the Books]]'' as part of the [[Prolegomenon|prolegomena]], running through three editions this year.
**[[Antoine Galland]] publishes the first volume of ''[[Les mille et une nuits]]'', the first translation of ''[[One Thousand and One Nights]]'' into a European language.
==New books==
===Prose===<!-- This section is linked from [[Daniel Defoe]] -->
*[[Joseph Addison]] – ''The Campaign''
*[[Mary Astell]] – ''A Fair Way with Dissenters and their Patrons'' (reply to [[1703 in literature|Defoe]])
*[[Willem Bosman]] – ''Nauwkeurige beschrijving van de Guinese Goud- Tand- en Slavekust (A new and accurate description of the coast of Guinea, divided into the Gold, the Slave, and the Ivory coasts)''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wilks |first1=Ivor |title=Bosman New and Costly |journal=The Journal of African History |date=1968 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=164–166 |issn=0021-8537|jstor=179928 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700008434 }}</ref>
*[[William Chillingworth]] – ''The Works of William Chillingworth''
*[[Mary Davys]] – ''The Amours of Alcyippus and Leucippe''
*[[Daniel Defoe]]
**''The Address''
**''The Dissenters Answer to the High-Church Challenge''
**''An Elegy on the Author of the True-Born English-man''
**''An Essay on the Regulation of the Press'' (attrib.)
**''Giving Alms No Charity, and Employing the Poor a Grievance to the Nation''
**''A Hymn to Victory''
**''More Short-Ways with the Dissenters''
**''A Review of the Affairs of France''
**''[[The Storm (Daniel Defoe)|The Storm]]''
*[[John Dennis (dramatist)|John Dennis]] – ''The Person of Quality's Answer to Mr Collier's Letter''
*"''[[Dictionnaire de Trévoux]]''" (''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin'')
*[[Andrew Fletcher (politician)|Andrew Fletcher]] – ''An Account of a Conversation Concerning a Right Regulation of Governments for the Good of Mankind''
*[[Pierre Jurieu]] – ''Histoire critique des dogmes et des cultes''
*[[White Kennett]] – ''The Christian Scholar'' (attrib.)
*[[Sarah Kemble Knight]] – ''The Journals of Madam Knight''
*[[Charles Leslie (nonjuror)|Charles Leslie]] – ''The Wolf Stript of his Shepherd's Clothing'' (against Defoe's''Shortest Way'')
*[[Paul Lucas (traveller)|Paul Lucas]] – ''Voyage du Sieur Paul Lucas au Levant''
*[[Bernard de Mandeville]] – ''Typhon''
*[[Isaac Newton]] – ''Opticks''
*[[Mary Pix]] – ''Violenta''
*[[George Psalmanazar]] – ''An Historical and Geographical Description of Formosa'' (hoax)
*[[Matthew Prior]] – ''A Letter to Monsieur Boileau Depreaux''
*[[Jonathan Swift]]
**''[[A Tale of a Tub]]''
**''[[The Battle of the Books]]''
===Drama===
*[[Thomas Baker (attorney)|Thomas Baker]] – ''[[An Act at Oxford]]''
*[[Colley Cibber]] – ''[[The Careless Husband]]''
* [[William Congreve]], [[John Vanbrugh]], [[William Walsh (poet)|William Walsh]] – ''[[Squire Trelooby]]''
* David Crauford – ''[[Love At First Sight (play)|Love At First Sight]]''
*[[John Dennis (dramatist)|John Dennis]] – ''Liberty Asserted''
*[[George Farquhar]] – ''[[The Stage Coach]]''
*[[Nicholas Rowe (dramatist)|Nicholas Rowe]] -''[[The Biter]]''
*[[Richard Steele]] – ''[[The Lying Lover]]''
*[[William Taverner (dramatist)|William Taverner]] – ''[[The Faithful Bride of Granada]]''
*[[Joseph Trapp]] – ''Abra-Mule''
===Poetry===
*[[William Wycherley]] – ''Miscellany Poems''
*''See also [[1704 in poetry]]''
==Births==
*[[January 1]] – [[Soame Jenyns]], English poet and essayist (died [[1787 in literature|1787]])
*[[February 12]] – [[Charles Pinot Duclos]], French writer (died [[1772 in literature|1772]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Duclos (1704-1772) |url=http://data.bnf.fr/11900913/charles_duclos/ |website=data.bnf.fr |accessdate=16 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
*April – [[Thomas Osborne (publisher)|Thomas Osborne]], English publisher and bookseller (died [[1767 in literature|1767]])
*[[June 16]] – [[Joseph Thurston (poet)|Joseph Thurston]], English poet (died [[1732 in literature|1732]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Biographical History of Gonville and Caius College 1349-1897|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNs8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA13|publisher=CUP Archive|pages=13}}</ref>
*[[June 22]] – [[John Taylor (classical scholar)|John Taylor]], English classicist (died [[1766 in literature|1766]])
*[[August 11]] – [[James Miller (playwright)|James Miller]], English playwright, poet and satirist (died [[1744 in literature|1744]])
*''unknown dates''
**[[John Adams (poet)|John Adams]], American poet (died [[1740 in literature|1740]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Joseph Thomas|title=Universal Pronouncing Dictionary of Biography and Mythology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j0k7AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA45|year=1870|publisher=J.B. Lippincott and Company|pages=45}}</ref>
**[[Yuan Mei]] (袁枚), Chinese poet, diarist and [[gastronome]] (died [[1797 in literature|1797]])
==Deaths==
*[[January 15]] – [[Henry Herringman]], English bookseller and publisher (born [[1628 in literature|1628]])
*[[February 23]] – [[Henry Noris]], Italian church historian and theologian (born [[1631 in literature|1631]])
*[[April 12]] – [[Jacques Bénigne Bossuet]], French writer (born [[1627 in literature|1627]])
*[[June 18]] – [[Tom Brown (satirist)|Tom Brown]], English satirist (born [[1662 in literature|1662]])
*[[July 9]] – [[Yan Ruoqu]] (閻若璩), Chinese scholar and polymath (born [[1636 in literature|1636]])
*[[July 24]] – [[István Gyöngyösi]], Hungarian poet (born [[1620 in literature|1620]])
*[[August 19]] – [[Jane Leade]], English visionary and Christian mystic writer (born [[1624 in literature|1624]])
*[[October 28]]
**[[John Locke]], English philosopher (born [[1632 in literature|1632]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John Locke|title=The Works of John Locke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jQwRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA297|year=1823|publisher=Thomas Tegg|pages=297}}</ref>
**[[Goodwin Wharton]], English autobiographer and politician (born [[1653 in literature|1653]])
*[[December 11]] – [[Roger L'Estrange]], English Royalist pamphleteer (born [[1616 in literature|1616]])
*''unknown date'' – [[Barbara Blaugdone]], English Quaker autobiographer (born c. 1609)
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{authoritycontrol}}
{{Year in literature article categories}}
| 1,272,631,884 |
[]
| false |
# 1779 Connecticut gubernatorial election
The 1779 Connecticut gubernatorial election was held on 8 April 1779 in order to elect the Governor of Connecticut. Incumbent Nonpartisan Governor Jonathan Trumbull won re-election as he ran unopposed.
## General election
On election day, 8 April 1779, incumbent Nonpartisan Governor Jonathan Trumbull easily won re-election as he ran unopposed. Trumbull was sworn in for his fourth term on 10 May 1779.
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------- | ----- | ------ |
| | Nonpartisan | Jonathan Trumbull (incumbent) | 2,108 | 100.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 2,108 | 100.00 |
| | Nonpartisan hold | | | |
|
enwiki/76692010
|
enwiki
| 76,692,010 |
1779 Connecticut gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1779_Connecticut_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-22T23:55:25Z
|
en
|
Q125784888
| 235,540 |
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1779 Connecticut gubernatorial election
| country = Connecticut
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1778 Connecticut gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1778
| next_election = 1780 Connecticut gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1780
| election_date = 8 April 1779
| image1 = [[File:JohnTrumbull.jpg|125px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[Jonathan Trumbull]]'''
| party1 = Nonpartisan politician
| popular_vote1 = '''2,108'''
| percentage1 = '''100.00%'''
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Jonathan Trumbull]]
| before_party = Nonpartisan politician
| after_election = [[Jonathan Trumbull]]
| after_party = Nonpartisan politician
}}
{{ElectionsCT}}
The '''1779 Connecticut gubernatorial election''' was held on 8 April 1779 in order to elect the [[List of governors of Connecticut|Governor of Connecticut]]. [[Incumbent]] [[Nonpartisanship|Nonpartisan]] Governor [[Jonathan Trumbull]] won re-election as he ran unopposed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://museumofcthistory.org/2015/08/jonathan-trumbull/ |title=Governor Jonathan Trumbull |publisher=Connecticut State Library |date=July 2002 |access-date=21 April 2024}}</ref>
== General election ==
On election day, 8 April 1779, incumbent [[Nonpartisanship|Nonpartisan]] Governor [[Jonathan Trumbull]] easily won re-election as he ran unopposed. Trumbull was sworn in for his fourth term on 10 May 1779.<ref name=GBN>{{cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=218634 |title=CT Governor |publisher=ourcampaigns.com |date=13 April 2005 |access-date=21 April 2024}}</ref>
=== Results ===
{{Election box begin no change | title=Connecticut gubernatorial election, 1779|
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Nonpartisan politician
|candidate = [[Jonathan Trumbull]] (incumbent)
|votes = 2,108
|percentage = 100.00
}}
{{Election box total no change|
|votes = 2,108
|percentage = 100.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|
|winner= Nonpartisan politician
|loser =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Connecticut elections}}
[[Category:Connecticut gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:1779 Connecticut elections|governor]]
[[Category:United States gubernatorial elections in the 1770s]]
[[Category:Non-partisan elections]]
[[Category:Single-candidate elections]]
{{Connecticut-election-stub}}
| 1,271,196,608 |
[{"title": "1779 Connecticut gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1778": "8 April 1779 \u00b7 1780 \u2192", "Nominee": "Jonathan Trumbull", "Party": "Nonpartisan", "Popular vote": "2,108", "Percentage": "100.00%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Jonathan Trumbull \u00b7 Nonpartisan": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Jonathan Trumbull \u00b7 Nonpartisan"}}]
| false |
# 1916 Michigan gubernatorial election
The 1916 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1916. Republican nominee Albert Sleeper defeated Democratic nominee Edwin F. Sweet with 55.83% of the vote.
## General election
### Candidates
Major party candidates
- Albert Sleeper, Republican
- Edwin F. Sweet, Democratic
Other candidates
- Ernest J. Moore, Socialist
- E. W. Woodruff, Prohibition
- James R. Murray, Socialist Labor
- Henry R. Pattengill, Progressive
- Frank Durfee, Unaffiliated
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------- | ------- | ----- |
| | Republican | Albert Sleeper | 363,724 | 55.83 |
| | Democratic | Edwin F. Sweet | 264,440 | 40.59 |
| | Socialist | Ernest J. Moore | 15,040 | 2.31 |
| | Prohibition | E. W. Woodruff | 7,255 | 1.11 |
| | Socialist Labor | James R. Murray | 963 | 0.15 |
| | Progressive | Henry R. Pattengill | 95 | 0.02 |
| | Unaffiliated | Frank Durfee | 1 | 0.00 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 651,518 | 100 |
| | Republican gain from Democratic | | | |
|
enwiki/62479658
|
enwiki
| 62,479,658 |
1916 Michigan gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_Michigan_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-31T03:00:47Z
|
en
|
Q85721325
| 207,814 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1916 Michigan gubernatorial election
| country = Michigan
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1914 Michigan gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1914
| next_election = 1918 Michigan gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1918
| election_date = November 7, 1916
| image1 = File:Albert Sleeper.jpg
| image_size = 150x150px
| nominee1 = '''[[Albert Sleeper]]'''
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''363,724'''
| percentage1 = '''55.83%'''
| image2 = File:Edwin Forrest Sweet circa 1915.jpg
| nominee2 = [[Edwin F. Sweet]]
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 264,440
| percentage2 = 40.59%
| map_image = 1916 Michigan gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 300px
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Sleeper''': {{legend0|#ffb2b2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend0|#d75d5d|60–70%}} {{legend0|#d72f30|70–80%}} {{legend0|#c21b18|80–90%}}<br/>'''Sweet''': {{legend0|#a5b0ff|40–50%}} {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}}
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Woodbridge N. Ferris]]
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Albert Sleeper]]
| after_party = Republican Party (United States)
}}
{{Elections in Michigan sidebar}}
The '''1916 Michigan gubernatorial election''' was held on November 7, 1916. [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee [[Albert Sleeper]] defeated [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee [[Edwin F. Sweet]] with 55.83% of the vote.
==General election==
===Candidates===
'''Major party candidates'''
* [[Albert Sleeper]], Republican
* [[Edwin F. Sweet]], Democratic
'''Other candidates'''
* Ernest J. Moore, Socialist
* E. W. Woodruff, Prohibition
* James R. Murray, Socialist Labor
* [[Henry R. Pattengill]], Progressive
* Frank Durfee, Unaffiliated
===Results===
{{Election box begin no change | title=Michigan gubernatorial election, 1916<ref>{{cite web|title=Our Campaigns - MI Governor - Nov 07, 1916|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=117642|website=Our Campaigns|access-date=December 1, 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Republican Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Albert Sleeper]]
|votes = 363,724
|percentage = 55.83
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Democratic Party (United States)
|candidate = [[Edwin F. Sweet]]
|votes = 264,440
|percentage = 40.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Socialist Party of America
|candidate = Ernest J. Moore
|votes = 15,040
|percentage = 2.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Prohibition Party
|candidate = E. W. Woodruff
|votes = 7,255
|percentage = 1.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Socialist Labor Party of America
|candidate = James R. Murray
|votes = 963
|percentage = 0.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Bull Moose Party|Progressive
|candidate = [[Henry R. Pattengill]]
|votes = 95
|percentage = 0.02
}}
{{Election box candidate no change|
|party = Unaffiliated
|candidate = Frank Durfee
|votes = 1
|percentage = 0.00
}}
{{Election box total no change|
|votes = 651518
|percentage = 100
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no change|
|winner = Republican Party (United States)
|loser = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{1916 United States elections}}
{{Michigan Gubernatorial Elections}}
[[Category:Michigan gubernatorial elections|1916]]
[[Category:1916 United States gubernatorial elections|Michigan]]
[[Category:1916 Michigan elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:November 1916 in the United States]]
| 1,272,973,601 |
[{"title": "1916 Michigan gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1914": "November 7, 1916 \u00b7 1918 \u2192", "Nominee": "Albert Sleeper \u00b7 Edwin F. Sweet", "Party": "Republican \u00b7 Democratic", "Popular vote": "363,724 \u00b7 264,440", "Percentage": "55.83% \u00b7 40.59%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Woodbridge N. Ferris \u00b7 Democratic": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Albert Sleeper \u00b7 Republican"}}]
| false |
# 1905–06 FC Basel season
The FC Basel 1905–06 season was their thirteenth season since the club was formed. The club's chairman was Ernst-Alfred Thalmann, who was chairman for the third consecutive year, in his third presidential term. FC Basel played their home games in the Landhof in the district Basel-Wettstein in Kleinbasel, Basel.
## Overview
Daniel Hug was team captain and as captain he led the team trainings and was responsible for the line-ups. Basel played six pre-season friendlies, three at home in the Landhof and three away. Two of the teams that Basel hosted were from Germany Freiburger FC and 1. FC Pforzheim. During the winter break the team travelled to Germany to play an away game against Mannheimer FG 1896. They also travelled to Italy and played twice against Genoa CFC, winning 5–1 on New Years Eve and 5–4 on New Years day. After the league season the team again travelled to Italy and played twice against AC Milan, winning 5–2 on Easter Sunday and 5–1 on Easter Monday.
The Swiss Serie A season 1905–06 was divided into three regional areas, a west, a central and an eastern, where as the east was divided into two groups. Basel were allocated to the central group together with Young Boys, FC Bern and Old Boys Basel. The league was played one match in October, two in November and again one match in February and two in Match. This season was disappointing for the team, because it resulted in solely two victories from six matches. Both victories were against local rivals Old Boys. Basel ended the qualification to the finals in bottom position in the group table. In their six championship matches they scored 11 and conceded 17 goals. Young Boys Bern qualified for the finals, which were played in April and May. East group winners won both their final pairings and became Swiss champions for the first time in the club's history.
## Players
Definite squad members
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| --- | ---- | ------ | ---------------------- |
| — | GK | SUI | Pierre Chevalley |
| — | FW | SUI | Dr. Siegfried Pfeiffer |
| — | FW | SUI | Daniel Hug (Captain) |
| — | DF | SUI | Adolf Ramseyer |
| — | MF | GER | Josef Goldschmidt |
| — | FW | SUI | Emil Hasler |
| — | DF | SUI | Eugen Strauss |
| — | MF | | P. Vaney |
| — | MF | | Oskar Zwimpfer |
| No. | Pos. | Nation | Player |
| --- | ---- | ------ | --------------------- |
| — | FW | SUI | Karl Gossweiler |
| — | | | K. Heilig |
| — | FW | SUI | Ernst-Alfred Thalmann |
| — | | | Fritz Runkel |
| — | | | Gürtler |
| — | | | A. Guignard |
| — | | | Feissly |
| — | | | L. Fallet |
| — | | | Edmond Bédat |
## Results
Legend
Win
Draw
Loss
### Friendly matches
#### Pre-season
| 3 September 1905 Pre-season | St. Gallen | 2 – 0 | Basel | St. Gallen |
| | · | Summary | | |
| 10 September 1905 Pre-season | Basel | 3 – 3 | Freiburger FC | Landhof, Basel |
| | · | Summary | · | |
| 1 October 1905 Pre-season | Basel | 1 – 3 | 1. FC Pforzheim | Landhof, Basel |
| | | Summary | · | |
| 8 October 1905 Pre-season | Montriond Lausanne | 0 – 5 | Basel | Lausanne |
| | | Summary | · | |
| 15 October 1905 Pre-season | Basel | 1 – 3 | Grasshopper Club | Landhof, Basel |
| 15:00 | | Summary | · | |
| 23 October 1905 Pre-season | Young Boys | 2 – 5 | Basel | Spitalacker, Bern |
| 14:30 | · | Summary | · | |
#### Winter break to end of season
| 4 December 1905 Winter break | Basel | 3 – 2 | Young Boys | Landhof, Basel |
| 14:30 | · | Summary | · | |
| 17 December 1905 Winter break | Mannheimer FG 1896 | 0 – 4 | Basel | Mannheim |
| | | Summary | · | |
| 31 December 1905 Winter break | Genoa CFC | 1 – 5 | Basel | Genoa |
| | | Summary | · | |
| 1 January 1906 Winter break | Genoa CFC | 4 – 5 | Basel | Genoa |
| | · | Summary | · | |
| 7 January 1906 Winter break | Freiburger FC | 3 – 1 | Basel | Freiburg im Breisgau |
| | · | Summary | | |
| 8 April 1906 End of season | Young Fellows Zürich | 2 – 4 | Basel | Zürich |
| | · | Summary | · | |
| 15 April 1906 End of season | AC Milan | 2 – 5 | Basel | Milan |
| | (1:4) · (2:4) | Summary | (0:1) Pfeiffer · (0:2) · (0:3) · (0:4) · (2:5) | |
| 16 April 1906 End of season | AC Milan | 1 – 5 | Basel | Milan |
| | Widmer (1:4) | Summary | (0:1) · (0:2) · (0:3) · (0:4) · (1:5) | |
| 29 April 1906 End of season | Basel | 1 – 4 | Mannheimer FG 1896 | Landhof, Basel |
| 16:00 | | Summary | · | |
| 13 May 1906 End of season | Basel | 2 – 2 | Mulhouse | Landhof, Basel |
| 15:00 | Goldschmidt 18' (1:0) · Hasler 63' (2:1) | Summary | 43' (1:1) Helmboldt · | |
| 20 May 1906 End of season | Strassburger FV | 2 – 2 | Basel | Strasbourg |
| 15:30 | Badermann 13' (1:0) · Graeff 87' (2:2) | Summary | 33' (1:1) · 56' (1:2) | |
### Serie A
#### Central group results
| 29 October 1905 Round 1 | Basel | 2 – 1 | Old Boys | Landhof, Basel |
| | · | Summary | | |
| 5 November 1905 Round 2 | Basel | 2 – 3 | FC Bern | Landhof, Basel |
| | · | Summary | · | |
| 12 November 1905 Round 3 | Young Boys | 3 – 1 | Basel | Spitalacker, Bern |
| 15:00 | · | Summary | | |
| 18 February 1906 Round 4 | Basel | 4 – 7 | Young Boys | Landhof, Basel |
| | · | Summary | · | |
| 11 March 1906 Round 5 | FC Bern | 2 – 0 | Basel | Spitalacker, Bern |
| 15:00 | (1:0) (2:0) | Summary | | Referee: Bleuler, (Grasshopper Club) |
| 18 March 1906 Round 6 | Old Boys | 1 – 2 | Basel | Margarethenwiese, Basel |
| 15:00 | Wächter (1:0) | Summary | (1:1) Emil Hasler · (1:2) Karl Gossweiler | |
#### Central group league table
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | ---------- | --- | - | - | - | -- | -- | -- | --- | ----------------- |
| 1 | Young Boys | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 20 | 12 | +8 | 9 | Advance to finals |
| 2 | FC Bern | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 12 | +1 | 7 | |
| 3 | Old Boys | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 11 | −3 | 4 | |
| 4 | Basel | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 11 | 17 | −6 | 4 | |
|
enwiki/59410103
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enwiki
| 59,410,103 |
1905–06 FC Basel season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905%E2%80%9306_FC_Basel_season
|
2023-02-02T22:39:39Z
|
en
|
Q60525741
| 284,265 |
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[FC Basel]]
| logo =
| season = 1905–06
| mgrtitle = First team coach
| manager = [[Daniel Hug]]<br />(as team captain)
| chairman = {{Flagicon|SUI}} [[Ernst-Alfred Thalmann]]
| stdtitle = Ground
| stadium = [[Landhof]], [[Basel]]
| league = [[1905–06 Swiss Serie A|Serie A]]
| league result = Central group 4th
| league topscorer = n/a{{refn|group=note 05–06 |The player lines-ups and goal scorers for 4 of the 6 league games in the 1905–06 season are unknown or incomplete.}}
| season topscorer =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance = n/a
| prevseason = [[1904–05 FC Basel season|1904–05]]
| nextseason = [[1906–07 FC Basel season|1906–07 ]]
}}
The '''[[FC Basel]] 1905–06 season''' was their thirteenth season since the club was formed. The club's chairman was [[Ernst-Alfred Thalmann]], who was chairman for the third consecutive year, in his third presidential term. FC Basel played their home games in the [[Landhof]] in the district Basel-Wettstein in Kleinbasel, Basel.
== Overview ==
[[Daniel Hug]] was team captain and as captain he led the team trainings and was responsible for the line-ups. Basel played six pre-season friendlies, three at home in the [[Landhof]] and three away. Two of the teams that Basel hosted were from Germany [[Freiburger FC]] and [[1. FC Pforzheim]]. During the winter break the team travelled to Germany to play an away game against [[VfR Mannheim|Mannheimer FG 1896]]. They also travelled to Italy and played twice against [[Genoa C.F.C.|Genoa CFC]], winning 5–1 on New Years Eve and 5–4 on New Years day. After the league season the team again travelled to Italy and played twice against [[A.C. Milan|AC Milan]], winning 5–2 on Easter Sunday and 5–1 on Easter Monday.<ref name="Die ersten 125 Jahre - 1905">{{citation | first = Josef | last = Zindel | year = 2018 | title = Die ersten 125 Jahre | format = | work = Page 18, 1905 four times five goals | publisher = Friedrich Reinhardt Verlag, Basel }}</ref>
The [[1905–06 Swiss Serie A|Swiss Serie A season 1905–06]] was divided into three regional areas, a west, a central and an eastern, where as the east was divided into two groups. Basel were allocated to the central group together with [[BSC Young Boys|Young Boys]], [[FC Bern]] and [[BSC Old Boys Basel|Old Boys Basel]]. The league was played one match in October, two in November and again one match in February and two in Match. This season was disappointing for the team, because it resulted in solely two victories from six matches. Both victories were against local rivals Old Boys. Basel ended the qualification to the finals in bottom position in the group table. In their six championship matches they scored 11 and conceded 17 goals.<ref name="fcb-achiv-1905-06">{{cite web | last = Verein "Basler Fussballarchiv” | url = https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?saison=1905/06 | title = Spiele Saison 1905-06 | publisher = Verein "Basler Fussballarchiv” | access-date = 2018-11-16}}</ref> Young Boys Bern qualified for the finals, which were played in April and May. East group winners won both their final pairings and became Swiss champions for the first time in the club's history.<ref name="rsssf-Serie A 1905/06">{{cite web | first = Luc Nackaerts | last = Erik Garin | year = | url = https://www.rsssf.org/tablesz/zwithist-reg.html | title = Serie A 1905/06 | publisher = Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation | access-date = 2020-11-16}}</ref>
== Players ==
;Definite squad members
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no= |nat=SUI |pos=GK |name= [[Pierre Chevalley]] }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat=SUI |pos=FW |name= Dr. [[Siegfried Pfeiffer]] }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat=SUI |pos=FW |name= [[Daniel Hug]]|other= Captain }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat=SUI |pos=DF |name= [[Adolf Ramseyer]] }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat=GER |pos=MF |name= [[Josef Goldschmidt]] }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat=SUI |pos=FW |name= [[Emil Hasler (footballer)|Emil Hasler]] }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat=SUI |pos=DF |name= [[Eugen Strauss]] }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat= |pos=MF |name= P. Vaney }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat= |pos=MF |name= [[Oskar Zwimpfer]] }}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no= |nat=SUI |pos=FW |name= [[Karl Gossweiler]] }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat= |pos= |name= K. Heilig }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat=SUI |pos=FW |name= [[Ernst-Alfred Thalmann]] }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat= |pos= |name= [[Fritz Runkel]] }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat= |pos= |name= Gürtler }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat= |pos= |name= A. Guignard }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat= |pos= |name= Feissly }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat= |pos= |name= L. Fallet }}
{{Fs player|no= |nat= |pos= |name= [[Edmond Bédat]] }}
{{Fs end}}
== Results ==
;Legend
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
=== Friendly matches ===
==== Pre-season ====
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Pre-season
| date = 3 September 1905
| time =
| team1 = [[FC St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] {{flagicon|SUI}}
| score = 2 – 0
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28653 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| goals1 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| goals2 =
| stadium = [[St. Gallen]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = L
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Pre-season
| date = 10 September 1905
| time =
| team1 = [[FC Basel|Basel]] {{flagicon|SUI}}
| score = 3 – 3
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28654 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|GER}} [[Freiburger FC]]
| goals1 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| goals2 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| stadium = [[Landhof]], [[Basel]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = D
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Pre-season
| date = 1 October 1905
| time =
| team1 = [[FC Basel|Basel]] {{flagicon|SUI}}
| score = 1 – 3
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28655 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|GER}} [[1. FC Pforzheim]]
| goals1 = {{goal||}}
| goals2 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| stadium = [[Landhof]], [[Basel]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = L
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Pre-season
| date = 8 October 1905
| time =
| team1 = [[FC Lausanne-Sport|Montriond Lausanne]] {{flagicon|SUI}}
| score = 0 – 5
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28656 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| stadium = [[Lausanne]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Pre-season
| date = 15 October 1905
| time = 15:00
| team1 = [[FC Basel|Basel]] {{flagicon|SUI}}
| score = 1 – 3
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28657 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Grasshopper Club Zürich|Grasshopper Club]]
| goals1 = {{goal||}}
| goals2 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| stadium = [[Landhof]], [[Basel]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = L
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Pre-season
| date = 23 October 1905
| time = 14:30
| team1 = [[BSC Young Boys|Young Boys]] {{flagicon|SUI}}
| score = 2 – 5
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28658 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| goals1 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| goals2 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| stadium = Spitalacker, [[Bern]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
==== Winter break to end of season ====
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Winter break
| date = 4 December 1905
| time = 14:30
| team1 = [[FC Basel|Basel]] {{flagicon|SUI}}
| score = 3 – 2
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28659 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|SUI}} [[BSC Young Boys|Young Boys]]
| goals1 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| goals2 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| stadium = [[Landhof]], [[Basel]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Winter break
| date = 17 December 1905
| time =
| team1 = [[VfR Mannheim|Mannheimer FG 1896]] {{flagicon|GER}}
| score = 0 – 4
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28660 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| goals1 =
| goals2 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| stadium = [[Mannheim]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Winter break
| date = 31 December 1905
| time =
| team1 = [[Genoa C.F.C.|Genoa CFC]] {{flagicon|ITA}}
| score = 1 – 5
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28661 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| goals1 = {{goal||}}
| goals2 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| stadium = [[Genoa]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Winter break
| date = 1 January 1906
| time =
| team1 = [[Genoa C.F.C.|Genoa CFC]] {{flagicon|ITA}}
| score = 4 – 5
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28662 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| goals1 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| goals2 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| stadium = [[Genoa]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Winter break
| date = 7 January 1906
| time =
| team1 = [[Freiburger FC]] {{flagicon|GER}}
| score = 3 – 1
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28663 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| goals1 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| goals2 = {{goal||}}
| stadium = [[Freiburg im Breisgau]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = L
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = End of season
| date = 8 April 1906
| time =
| team1 = [[SC Young Fellows Juventus|Young Fellows Zürich]] {{flagicon|SUI}}
| score = 2 – 4
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28664 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| goals1 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| goals2 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| stadium = [[Zürich]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = End of season
| date = 15 April 1906
| time =
| team1 = [[A.C. Milan|AC Milan]] {{flagicon|ITA}}
| score = 2 – 5
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28665 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| goals1 = {{goal||1:4}}<br />{{goal||2:4}}
| goals2 = {{goal||0:1}} [[Siegfried Pfeiffer|Pfeiffer]]<br />{{goal||0:2}}<br />{{goal||0:3}}<br />{{goal||0:4}}<br />{{goal||2:5}}
| stadium = [[Milan]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = End of season
| date = 16 April 1906
| time =
| team1 = [[A.C. Milan|AC Milan]] {{flagicon|ITA}}
| score = 1 – 5
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28666 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| goals1 = Widmer {{goal||1:4}}
| goals2 = {{goal||0:1}}<br />{{goal||0:2}}<br />{{goal||0:3}}<br />{{goal||0:4}}<br />{{goal||1:5}}
| stadium = [[Milan]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = End of season
| date = 29 April 1906
| time = 16:00
| team1 = [[FC Basel|Basel]] {{flagicon|SUI}}
| score = 1 – 4
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28667 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|GER}} [[VfR Mannheim|Mannheimer FG 1896]]
| goals1 = {{goal||}}
| goals2 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| stadium = [[Landhof]], [[Basel]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = L
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = End of season
| date = 13 May 1906
| time = 15:00
| team1 = [[FC Basel|Basel]] {{flagicon|SUI}}
| score = 2 – 2
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28668 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|FRA}} [[FC Mulhouse|Mulhouse]]
| goals1 = [[Josef Goldschmidt|Goldschmidt]] {{goal|18|1:0}}<br />[[Emil Hasler (footballer)|Hasler]] {{goal|63|2:1}}
| goals2 = {{goal|43|1:1}} Helmboldt<br />{{goal||}}
| stadium = [[Landhof]], [[Basel]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = D
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = End of season
| date = 20 May 1906
| time = 15:30
| team1 = [[AS Strasbourg|Strassburger FV]] {{flagicon|FRA}}
| score = 2 – 2
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28669 Summary]
| team2 = {{flagicon|SUI}} [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| goals1 = Badermann {{goal|13|1:0}}<br />Graeff {{goal|87|2:2}}
| goals2 = {{goal|33|1:1}}<br />{{goal|56|1:2}}
| stadium = [[Strasbourg]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = D
}}
=== Serie A ===
{{main|1905–06 Swiss Serie A}}
==== Central group results ====
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Round 1
| date = 29 October 1905
| time =
| team1 = [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| score = 2 – 1
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28670 Summary]
| team2 = [[BSC Old Boys|Old Boys]]
| goals1 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| goals2 = {{goal||}}
| stadium = [[Landhof]], [[Basel]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Round 2
| date = 5 November 1905
| time =
| team1 = [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| score = 2 – 3
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28671 Summary]
| team2 = [[FC Bern]]
| goals1 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| goals2 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| stadium = [[Landhof]], [[Basel]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = L
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Round 3
| date = 12 November 1905
| time = 15:00
| team1 = [[BSC Young Boys|Young Boys]]
| score = 3 – 1
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28672 Summary]
| team2 = [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| goals1 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| goals2 = {{goal||}}
| stadium = Spitalacker, [[Bern]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = L
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Round 4
| date = 18 February 1906
| time =
| team1 = [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| score = 4 – 7
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28673 Summary]
| team2 = [[BSC Young Boys|Young Boys]]
| goals1 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| goals2 = {{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}<br />{{goal||}}
| stadium = [[Landhof]], [[Basel]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = L
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Round 5
| date = 11 March 1906
| time = 15:00
| team1 = [[FC Bern]]
| score = 2 – 0
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28674 Summary]
| team2 = [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| goals1 = {{goal||1:0}} {{goal||2:0}}
| goals2 =
| stadium = Spitalacker, [[Bern]]
| attendance =
| referee = {{flagicon|SUI}} Bleuler, ([[Grasshopper Club Zürich|Grasshopper Club]])
| result = L
}}
{{footballbox collapsible
| round = Round 6
| date = 18 March 1906
| time = 15:00
| team1 = [[BSC Old Boys|Old Boys]]
| score = 1 – 2
| report = [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28675 Summary]
| team2 = [[FC Basel|Basel]]
| goals1 = Wächter {{goal||1:0}}
| goals2 = {{goal||1:1}} Emil Hasler <br />{{goal||1:2}} Karl Gossweiler
| stadium = Margarethenwiese, [[Basel]]
| attendance =
| referee =
| result = W
| stack =
}}
==== Central group league table ====
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|section=Central
|res_col_header=Q
|winpoints=2
|team1=YB |name_YB =[[BSC Young Boys|Young Boys]]
|team2=BER|name_BER=[[FC Bern]]
|team3=OBB|name_OBB=[[BSC Old Boys|Old Boys]]
|team4=BAS|name_BAS=[[FC Basel|Basel]]
|win_YB =3|draw_YB =3|loss_YB =0|gf_YB =20|ga_YB =12
|win_BER=3|draw_BER=1|loss_BER=2|gf_BER=13|ga_BER=12
|win_OBB=1|draw_OBB=2|loss_OBB=3|gf_OBB=8|ga_OBB=11
|win_BAS=2|draw_BAS=0|loss_BAS=4|gf_BAS=11|ga_BAS=17
|col_A=green1|text_A=Advance to finals
|result1=A
|update=complete|source=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesz/zwithist-reg.html rsssf]
}}</onlyinclude>
== See also ==
* [[History of FC Basel]]
* [[List of FC Basel players]]
* [[List of FC Basel seasons]]
== Notes ==
=== Footnotes ===
{{reflist|group=note 05–06 }}
1905–1906 season matches: [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28670 FCB-OB], [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28671 FCB-Bern], [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28672 YB-FCB], [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/spiele?command=detail&id=28673 FCB-YB]
=== References ===
{{reflist}}
=== Sources ===
* Rotblau: Jahrbuch Saison 2014/2015. Publisher: FC Basel Marketing AG. {{ISBN|978-3-7245-2027-6}}
* [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesz/zwithist-reg.html Switzerland 1905-06 at RSSSF]
* [https://www.fcb-archiv.ch/saison/kader?saison=1905/06 FCB team 1905-06 at fcb-archiv.ch]
''(NB: Despite all efforts, the editors of these books and the authors in "Basler Fussballarchiv" have failed to be able to identify all the players, their date and place of birth or date and place of death, who played in the games during the early years of FC Basel. Most of the documentation is missing.)''
==External links==
* [http://www.fcb.ch FC Basel official site]
{{FC Basel seasons |state=expanded}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1905-06 FC Basel season}}
[[Category:FC Basel seasons]]
[[Category:Swiss football clubs 1905–06 season|Basel]]
| 1,137,120,956 |
[{"title": "FC Basel", "data": {"Chairman": "Ernst-Alfred Thalmann", "First team coach": "Daniel Hug \u00b7 (as team captain)", "Ground": "Landhof, Basel", "Serie A": "Central group 4th", "Top goalscorer": "n/a", "Average home league attendance": "n/a"}}]
| false |
# 1166 in Ireland
Events from the year 1166 in Ireland.
## Incumbents
- High King: Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn then Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair
## Events
- Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, High King of Ireland, arranges a truce with his neighbours, taking hostages from many families in Ulster, but, in violation of an oath for good behaviour, has Eochaid mac Con Ulad Mac Duinn Sléibe, King of Ulster, seized and blinded. In return, he is killed.[1] Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair takes the high-kingship.[2]
- Diarmait Mac Murchada, King of Leinster, is driven from his kingdom by Tigernán Ua Ruairc and Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair across the Irish Sea, seeks the help of Henry II of England and recruits Norman knights.[1]
## Deaths
- Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, High King of Ireland
|
enwiki/10309624
|
enwiki
| 10,309,624 |
1166 in Ireland
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1166_in_Ireland
|
2024-09-26T04:25:55Z
|
en
|
Q4547549
| 134,971 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{YearInIrelandNav | 1166 }}
Events from the year '''1166 in Ireland'''.
==Incumbents==
*[[High King of Ireland|High King]]: [[Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn]] then [[Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]]
==Events==
*[[Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn]], [[High King of Ireland]], arranges a truce with his neighbours, taking hostages from many families in [[Ulster]], but, in violation of an oath for good behaviour, has Eochaid mac Con Ulad Mac Duinn Sléibe, [[kings of Ulster|King of Ulster]], seized and blinded. In return, he is killed.<ref name="FO">{{cite book|title=The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland|last=Foster|first=R. F.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1989|isbn=0198229704|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordillustrate00work}}</ref> [[Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]] takes the high-kingship.<ref>{{cite book|editor1=Moody, T. W. |editor2=Martin, F. X. |year=1967|title=The Course of Irish History|publisher=Mercier Press|location=Cork|page=121}}</ref>
*[[Diarmait Mac Murchada]], [[Kings of Leinster|King of Leinster]], is driven from his kingdom by [[Tigernán Ua Ruairc]] and [[Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair]] across the [[Irish Sea]], seeks the help of [[Henry II of England]] and recruits [[Normans|Norman]] knights.<ref name="FO"/>
==Deaths==
*[[Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn]], [[High King of Ireland]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Years in Ireland}}
{{Year in Europe|1166}}
| 1,247,814,138 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1165 - 1164 - 1163 - 1162 - 1161": "1166 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Ireland \u00b7 \u2192 - 1167 - 1168 - 1169 - 1170 - 1171", "Centuries": "11th 12th 13th 14th", "Decades": "1140s 1150s 1160s 1170s 1180s", "See also": "Other events of 1166 \u00b7 List of years in Ireland"}}]
| false |
# 1750 in Canada
Events from the year 1750 in Canada.
## Incumbents
- French Monarch: Louis XV[1]
- British and Irish Monarch: George II[2]
### Governors
- Governor General of New France: Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière
- Colonial Governor of Louisiana: Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial
- Governor of Nova Scotia: Edward Cornwallis
- Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: Francis William Drake
## Events
- 1750s: Hudson's Bay Company Saskatchewan River region, reached by trade drummers sent out with goods to tempt the Indians to York.
- c. 1750: The Ojibwa begin to emerge as a distinct tribal amalgamation of smaller independent bands.
- German immigrants begin to arrive in numbers at Halifax.
- Hidatsa villages, site of ancient trading fair, now with both French and Hudson's Bay representatives present each summer.
## Births
- James Glenie, army officer, military engineer, businessman, office holder, and politician (d.1817)
- Simon McTavish, fur trader and dealer in furs, militia officer, office holder, landowner, seigneur, and businessman (d.1804)
## Deaths
- October 14: Richard Philipps, military officer, governor of Nova Scotia (b.1661)
## Historical documents
- British ambassador complains to French about forts built on Isthmus of Chignecto by de la Jonquière (hostilities ensue)[3]
- Map: Fort Beauséjour on Isthmus of Chignecto[4]
- Edward Cornwallis reports that French intend to secure Chignecto with fortification and oath of allegiance (Note: "savages" used)[5]
- Cornwallis reports that Canadians threaten Acadians "with a general massacre[...]if they remain in the province" (Note: "savages" used)[6]
- Cornwallis advises Minas Basin Acadians they are deceived by Canadians "to lead you to your ruin" (Note: "savages" used)[7]
- British captain reports on naval engagement with French ships carrying arms and provisions to Indigenous people along Bay of Fundy[8]
- British ambassador says French unjustifiably occupy land from Chignecto to Saint John River before bilateral commission settles boundary[9]
- Letter from Father Le Loutre about movement of families to western Acadia and impatient wait for boundary decision (Note: "savages" used)[10]
- French answer British allegations by saying they seek good relations but intend to defend their land against British aggression[11]
- Though at same latitude, Nova Scotia not "so agreeable" as southern France because of cold and fog, which forest-clearing would remedy[12]
- Many in Halifax died of cold in winter of 1750 for lack of houses, and snow lying about tents "was enough to move the Heart of Stone"[13]
- Pehr Kalm's visit to Niagara Falls facilitated by French at Fort Niagara after he shows with passports that he is not a British officer[14]
- Reports say Detroit has hundreds living on 30-40 farms "in a fine champaign country," and villages of Wendat, Potawatomi and Odawa[15]
- To find Northwest Passage, sail east from Asia to "where it is probable the Weather is milder, and the Seas clearer of Ice"[16]
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{{short description|This is a list of notable people and events in Canada during 1750}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{More citations needed|date=December 2021}}
{{Year in Canada|1750}}
{{History of Canada}}
Events from the year '''1750 in Canada'''.
==Incumbents==
*[[List of Canadian monarchs|French Monarch]]: [[Louis XV]]<ref>Guéganic (2008), p. 13.</ref>
*[[List of Canadian monarchs|British and Irish Monarch]]: [[George II of Great Britain|George II]]<ref>{{cite web |date=30 December 2015 |title=George I |url=https://www.royal.uk/george-i-r-1714-1727 |access-date=18 April 2016 |website=Official web site of the British monarchy}}</ref>
===Governors===
*[[Governor General of the Province of Canada|Governor General of New France]]: [[Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière]]
*[[List of colonial governors of Louisiana|Colonial Governor of Louisiana]]: [[Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial]]
*[[Governor of Nova Scotia]]: [[Edward Cornwallis]]
*[[Colonial Governor of Newfoundland|Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland]]: [[Francis William Drake]]
==Events==
* 1750s: [[Hudson's Bay Company]] [[Saskatchewan River]] region, reached by trade drummers sent out with goods to tempt the Indians to York.
* c. 1750: The [[Ojibwa]] begin to emerge as a distinct tribal amalgamation of smaller independent bands.
* German immigrants begin to arrive in numbers at [[Halifax (former city), Nova Scotia|Halifax]].
* Hidatsa villages, site of ancient trading fair, now with both French and Hudson's Bay representatives present each summer.
==Births==
* [[James Glenie]], army officer, military engineer, businessman, office holder, and politician (d.[[1817 in Canada|1817]])
* [[Simon McTavish (fur trader)|Simon McTavish]], fur trader and dealer in furs, militia officer, office holder, landowner, seigneur, and businessman (d.[[1804 in Canada|1804]])
==Deaths==
* October 14: [[Richard Philipps]], military officer, governor of Nova Scotia (b.[[1661]])
==Historical documents==
*British ambassador complains to French about forts built on [[Isthmus of Chignecto#History|Isthmus of Chignecto]] by [[Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonqui%C3%A8re, Marquis de la Jonqui%C3%A8re|de la Jonquière]] (hostilities ensue)<ref>[https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.56267/17?r=0&s=1 "It is proper to observe"] ''An Impartial History of the Late War; Second Edition'' (1763), pgs. 16-20. Accessed 1 December 2021</ref>
*Map: [[Fort Beauséjour]] on Isthmus of Chignecto<ref>[http://collections.musee-mccord.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/M1673.1 "Plan of the western part of the Chignecto Isthmus showing Beauséjour Fort and the surrounding area"] (ca. 1750), McCord Museum. (See also [http://collections.musee-mccord.qc.ca/en/collection/artifacts/M1673.2 "Plan of the Chignecto Isthmus showing Forts Beauséjour and Gaspareau"]) Accessed 6 December 2021</ref>
*[[Edward Cornwallis]] reports that French intend to secure Chignecto with fortification and oath of allegiance (Note: "savages" used)<ref>[https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=181 "Govr. Cornwallis to Duke of Bedford"] (excerpt; March 19, 1750), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 181-4. Accessed 6 December 2021</ref>
*Cornwallis reports that [[History of Quebec|Canadians]] threaten [[Acadians]] "with a general massacre[...]if they remain in the province" (Note: "savages" used)<ref>[https://archive.org/details/britishdiplomati49chan/page/9/mode/1up Note to Earl of Albemarle, British ambassador to France] (excerpt; June 4, 1750), ''British Diplomatic Instructions; 1689-1789; Volume VII, France, Part IV, 1745-1789'', pgs. 9-10. Accessed 30 November 2021 (See [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.20368/88?r=0&s=1 Cornwallis letter with account] of incidents including this threat)</ref>
*Cornwallis advises [[Minas Basin#History|Minas Basin]] Acadians they are deceived by Canadians "to lead you to your ruin" (Note: "savages" used)<ref>[https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=185 Letter of Edward Cornwallis] (translation; approved of by Council, April 19, 1750), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 185-7. (See [https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=189 Cornwallis letter] of reconciliation but firmness toward Acadians) Accessed 6 December 2021</ref>
*[[John Rous#Father Le Loutre's War|British captain]] reports on naval engagement with French ships carrying arms and provisions to Indigenous people along [[Bay of Fundy#Human geography and history|Bay of Fundy]]<ref>[https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.37136/62?r=0&s=3 "An Extract of a Letter from Capt. Rous"] (October 31, 1750), ''A Memorial Containg a summary View of Facts, with Their Authorities[...]; Translated from the French'' (1757), pgs. 45-7. Accessed 2 December 2021</ref>
*British ambassador says French unjustifiably occupy land from Chignecto to [[Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)#Human history|Saint John River]] before [[Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)#Terms|bilateral commission]] settles boundary<ref>[https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.34807/43?r=0&s=1 "Memorial concerning Nova Scotia"] (July 7, 1750), in John Entick et al., ''The General History of the Late War; Vol. I'' (1763), pgs. 30-3. (See pro-French author's [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.37136/65?r=0&s=3 critical comments] on ambassador's remarks; also see British boundary commissioners' [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.34807/62?r=0&s=1 opening memorial] (September 21, 1750)) Accessed 1 December 2021</ref>
*Letter from [[Jean-Louis Le Loutre|Father Le Loutre]] about movement of families to western Acadia and impatient wait for boundary decision (Note: "savages" used)<ref>[https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=193 "From M. Loutre to M. Bigot, Commissary of New France"] (translation; August 15, 1750), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 193-4. (See [https://archives.novascotia.ca/deportation/archives/?Number=ONEI&Page=195 "Extract from a Document"] attributed to French officer who accuses Le Loutre of murdering British officer) Accessed 7 December 2021</ref>
*French answer British allegations by saying they seek good relations but intend to defend their land against British aggression<ref>[https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.37136/70?r=0&s=3 "A Memorial in Answer to the Complaints made by England"] (September 15, 1750), ''A Memorial Containing a summary View of Facts, with Their Authorities''[...]; ''Translated from the French'' (1757), pgs. 53-6. Accessed 3 December 2021</ref>
*Though at [[45th parallel north|same latitude]], Nova Scotia not "so agreeable" as [[southern France]] because of [[Nova Scotia#Climate|cold and fog]], which [[Clearcutting#Effects on the environment|forest-clearing]] would remedy<ref>[https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.44277/9?r=0&s=1 "As to the Climate"] A Genuine Account of Nova Scotia (1750), pg. 4. Accessed 1 December 2021</ref>
*Many in Halifax died of cold in winter of 1750 for lack of houses, and snow lying about tents "was enough to move the [[wikt:heart of stone|Heart of Stone]]"<ref>John Wilson, [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.20153/15?r=0&s=1 "Many unfortunate People"] A Genuine Narrative of the Transactions in Nova Scotia, Since the Settlement, June 1749[....], pg. 10. Accessed 1 December 2021</ref>
*[[Pehr Kalm]]'s visit to [[Niagara Falls#History|Niagara Falls]] facilitated by French at [[Fort Niagara]] after he shows with passports that he is not a British officer<ref>[https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-04-02-0010 "To Benjamin Franklin from Peter Kalm, 2 September 1750"] U.S. National Archives. Accessed 8 December 2021</ref>
*Reports say [[History of Detroit#Early French settlement|Detroit]] has hundreds living on 30-40 farms "in a fine [[wikt:champaign#Noun|champaign]] country," and villages of [[Wyandot people|Wendat]], [[Potawatomi]] and [[Odawa]]<ref>[https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.37998/238?r=0&s=1 "But at le Detroit"] ''The Contest in America between Great Britain and France'' (1757), pgs. 175-6. Accessed 3 December 2021</ref>
*To find [[Northwest Passage#Northern Pacific|Northwest Passage]], sail east from Asia to "where it is probable the Weather is milder, and the Seas clearer of Ice"<ref>Henry Ellis, [https://digitalarchive.tpl.ca/objects/345193/considerations-on-the-great-advantages-which-would-arise-fro?ctx=33e6beadcab3e2ef6ec65d148abeda26af30b7e5&idx=2 Considerations on the Great Advantages which would arise from the Discovery of the North West Passage] (1750), pg. 5. Accessed 6 December 2021</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Canadian history}}
{{Canada early year nav}}
{{North America topic|1750 in}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1750 In Canada}}
[[Category:1750 in New France]]
[[Category:1750s in Canada]]
[[Category:1750 by country|Canada]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in Canada|50]]
| 1,271,748,280 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1749 - 1748 - 1747": "\u00b7 \u00b7 1750 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Canada \u00b7 \u2192 - 1751 - 1752 - 1753", "Decades": "1730s 1740s 1750s 1760s 1770s", "See also": "History of Canada Timeline of Canadian history List of years in Canada"}}]
| false |
# 1820 in sports
1820 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.
## Boxing
Events
- 1 February — Tom Cribb retains his English championship with a first-round knockout of Jack Carter in London.[1]
## Cricket
Events
- William Ward scores 278 for MCC v. Norfolk at Lord's, the first known double century and a new world record for the highest individual innings in all forms of cricket, beating James Aylward's score of 167 in 1777. However, the match is not universally recognised as first-class.
- The original Northamptonshire CCC was founded in 1820 but was subject to substantial reorganisation and reformation in 1878
- Earliest mention of wicketkeeping gloves
England
- Most runs[2] – William Ward 361 (HS 278)
- Most wickets[2] – George Coles 17 (BB 6–?)
## Horse racing
England
- 1,000 Guineas Stakes – Rowena
- 2,000 Guineas Stakes – Pindarrie
- The Derby – Sailor[3]
- The Oaks – Caroline
- St. Leger Stakes – St Patrick
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{{Short description|Sports-related events of 1820}}
{{Year nav sports topic5|1820|sports}}
'''1820 in sports''' describes the year's events in world sport.
==[[Boxing]]==
'''Events'''
* 1 February — [[Tom Cribb]] retains his English championship with a first-round knockout of Jack Carter in London.<ref>[http://www.cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/cribb.htm Cyber Boxing Zone – Tom Cribb] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508020919/http://www.cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/cribb.htm |date=2009-05-08 }}. Retrieved on 6 November 2009.</ref>
==[[Cricket]]==
'''Events'''
* [[William Ward (cricketer, born 1787)|William Ward]] scores 278 for MCC v. Norfolk at Lord's, the first known double century and a new world record for the highest individual innings in all forms of cricket, beating [[James Aylward (cricketer)|James Aylward]]'s score of 167 in 1777. However, the match is not universally recognised as [[first-class cricket|first-class]].
* The original [[Northamptonshire CCC]] was founded in 1820 but was subject to substantial reorganisation and reformation in 1878
* Earliest mention of [[wicketkeeping]] gloves
'''England'''
* Most runs<ref name="cards">Note that scorecards created in the first quarter of the 19th century are not necessarily accurate or complete; therefore any summary of runs, wickets or catches can only represent the '''known''' totals and the missing data prevents effective computation of averages</ref> – William Ward 361 (HS 278)
* Most wickets<ref name="cards"/> – [[George Coles (cricketer, born 1798)|George Coles]] 17 (BB 6–?)
==[[Horse racing]]==
'''England'''
* [[1,000 Guineas Stakes]] – [[Rowena (horse)|Rowena]]
* [[2,000 Guineas Stakes]] – [[Pindarrie]]
* [[Epsom Derby|The Derby]] – [[Sailor (horse)|Sailor]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Epsom Derby {{!}} History, Winners, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/Derby-horse-race |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=20 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Epsom Oaks|The Oaks]] – Caroline
* [[St. Leger Stakes]] – [[St Patrick (horse)|St Patrick]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Sports by year to 1850}}
[[Category:1820 in sports| ]]
[[Category:Sports by year|1820]]
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[]
| false |
# 1158 Luda
1158 Luda, provisional designation 1929 QF, is a stony asteroid from the middle regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 19 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 31 August 1929, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. It was named after Ludmilla Neujmin, the sister of the discoverer.
## Orbit and classification
Luda orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.3–2.9 AU once every 4 years and 1 month (1,499 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 15° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first used observation at Johannesburg Observatory, one month after its official discovery observation at Simeiz. Luda is a stony S-type asteroid.
Based on its orbital elements, Luda is a member of the Eunomia family, a large group of stony asteroids and the most prominent family in the intermediate main-belt, while Argentine astronomer Alvarez-Candal from the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba groups it into the smaller Maria family, which is named after 170 Maria (the same discrepancy exists for 9175 Graun and 2429 Schürer).: 389
## Physical characteristics
### Photometry
Several rotational lightcurves of Luda were obtained from photometric observations. Analysis of the best-rated lightcurves obtained by French amateur astronomer Laurent Bernasconi, American astronomer Brian Warner, and an international group led by Korean astronomers, gave a well-defined rotation period between 6.86 and 6.87 hours with a brightness variation between 0.13 and 0.22 magnitude (U=3/3-/3). Photometric observations also gave a period of 6.9 and 7.44 hours, but these were derived from a fragmentary and ambiguous light curve, respectively.(U=1/2).
### Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Luda measures between 18.63 and 20.59 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.20 and 0.25. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.232 and a diameter of 19.06 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 10.8.
## Naming
This minor planet was named for Ludmilla Neujmin, the sister of the discoverer. "Luda" is a diminutive of Ludmilla. Astronomer Lutz Schmadel, who compiled this naming citation, based it on a private communication with "N. S. Samojlova-Yakhontova", as neither the Minor Planet Circulars nor The Names of the Minor Planets give any information about this asteroid's name.
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1158 Luda
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| discovered = 31 August 1929
| discoverer = [[Grigory Neujmin|G. Neujmin]]
| discovery_site = [[Simeiz Observatory|Simeiz Obs.]]
| mpc_name = (1158) Luda
| alt_names = 1929 QF{{·}}{{mp|1954 UQ|1}}<br />{{mp|1958 TG|1}}{{·}}1972 GC
| pronounced =
| named_after = Ludmilla Neujmin<br />{{small|(discoverer's sister)}}<ref name="springer" />
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}[[Maria family|Maria]]<ref name="Alvarez-2004" />{{·}}[[Eunomia family|Eunomia]]<ref name="lcdb" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 16 February 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457800.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 87.27 yr (31,876 days)
| aphelion = 2.8532 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 2.2742 AU
| semimajor = 2.5637 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1129
| period = 4.11 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,499 days)
| mean_anomaly = 56.051[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2401|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 14.834°
| asc_node = 344.74°
| arg_peri = 56.226°
| dimensions = {{val|18.636|0.207}} km<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|18.70|0.48}} km<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|19.06|0.8}} km {{small|([[IRAS]]:8)}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|20.596|0.130}} km<ref name="WISE" />
| rotation = {{val|6.86|0.01}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="Kim-2014" /><br />{{val|6.863|0.005}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|6.870|0.005}} h<ref name="Warner-2011e" /><br />{{val|6.90|0.01}} h<ref name="Warner-2005f" /><br />{{val|7.44|}} h<ref name="Alvarez-2004" />
| albedo = {{val|0.2025|0.0548}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|0.221|0.034}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|0.2329|0.022}} {{small|(IRAS:8)}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.253|0.015}}<ref name="AKARI" />
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]]<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Veres-2015" />
| abs_magnitude = 10.8<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" />{{·}}{{val|10.95|0.33}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />
}}
'''1158 Luda''', provisional designation {{mp|1929 QF}}, is a stony [[asteroid]] from the middle regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 19 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 31 August 1929, by Soviet astronomer [[Grigory Neujmin]] at [[Simeiz Observatory]] on the Crimean peninsula.<ref name="MPC-Luda" /> It was named after Ludmilla Neujmin, the sister of the discoverer.<ref name="springer" />
== Orbit and classification ==
''Luda'' orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.3–2.9 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 1 month (1,499 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.11 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 15[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's [[observation arc]] begins with its first used observation at [[Johannesburg Observatory]], one month after its official discovery observation at Simeiz.<ref name="MPC-Luda" /> ''Luda'' is a stony [[S-type asteroid]].<ref name="Veres-2015" />
Based on its orbital elements, ''Luda'' is a member of the [[Eunomia family]], a large group of stony asteroids and the most prominent family in the intermediate main-belt, while Argentine astronomer Alvarez-Candal from the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba groups it into the smaller [[Maria family]], which is named after [[170 Maria]] (the same discrepancy exists for [[9175 Graun]] and [[2429 Schürer]]).<ref name="Alvarez-2004" />{{rp|389}}
== Physical characteristics ==
=== Photometry ===
Several rotational [[lightcurve]]s of ''Luda'' were obtained from photometric observations. Analysis of the best-rated lightcurves obtained by French amateur astronomer [[Laurent Bernasconi]], American astronomer [[Brian D. Warner|Brian Warner]], and an international group led by Korean astronomers, gave a well-defined [[rotation period]] between 6.86 and 6.87 hours with a brightness variation between 0.13 and 0.22 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3/3-/3]]}}).<ref name="Kim-2014" /><ref name="geneva-obs" /><ref name="Warner-2011e" /> Photometric observations also gave a period of 6.9 and 7.44 hours, but these were derived from a fragmentary and ambiguous light curve, respectively.({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=1/2]]}}).<ref name="Alvarez-2004" /><ref name="Warner-2005f" />
=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari]] satellite, and NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] with its subsequent [[NEOWISE]] mission, ''Luda'' measures between 18.63 and 20.59 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.20 and 0.25.<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.232 and a diameter of 19.06 kilometers with an [[absolute magnitude]] of 10.8.<ref name="lcdb" />
== Naming ==
This [[minor planet]] was named for Ludmilla Neujmin, the sister of the discoverer. "Luda" is a diminutive of Ludmilla.<ref name="springer" /> Astronomer [[Lutz D. Schmadel|Lutz Schmadel]], who compiled this naming citation, based it on a private communication with "N. S. Samojlova-Yakhontova", as neither the [[Minor Planet Circulars]] nor ''[[The Names of the Minor Planets]]'' give any information about this asteroid's name.<ref name="springer" /><ref name="DoMP" />
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2017-01-07 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1158 Luda (1929 QF)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001158
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date = 25 January 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1158) Luda
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|page = 98
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1159 |chapter = (1158) Luda }}</ref>
<ref name="DoMP">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Introduction, Source of Information
|last = Schmadel |first=Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|page = 16
|date = 1997
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=eHv1CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA16
|isbn = 978-3-662-06617-1}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Luda">{{cite web
|title = 1158 Luda (1929 QF)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1158
|access-date = 25 January 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web
|title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1158) Luda
|last = Behrend |first = Raoul
|publisher = [[Geneva Observatory]]
|url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001158
|access-date = 25 January 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
|first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent
|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson
|first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett
|date = August 2014
|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 791
|issue = 2
|page = 11
|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121
|arxiv = 1406.6645
|s2cid = 119293330 |access-date= 25 January 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (1158) Luda
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1158%7CLuda
|access-date = 25 January 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal
|first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco
|first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah
|first3 = M. |last3 = Noah
|first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price
|date = October 2004
|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0
|url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System
|volume = 12
|pages = IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0
|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T
|access-date = 22 October 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|doi-access=
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1158 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>
<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407|s2cid = 118700974 }}</ref>
<ref name="Warner-2005f">{{Cite journal
|author = Warner, Brian D.
|date = September 2005
|title = Asteroid lightcurve analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - winter 2004-2005
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2005MPBu...32...54W
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 32
|issue = 3
|pages = 54–58
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2005MPBu...32...54W
|access-date= 25 January 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Alvarez-2004">{{Cite journal
|first1 = Alvaro |last1 = Alvarez-Candal
|first2 = René |last2 = Duffard
|first3 = Cláudia A. |last3 = Angeli
|first4 = Daniela |last4 = Lazzaro
|first5 = Silvia |last5 = Fernández
|date = December 2004
|title = Rotational lightcurves of asteroids belonging to families
|url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221956231
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 172
|issue = 2
|pages = 388–401
|bibcode = 2004Icar..172..388A
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.008
|access-date= 25 January 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Warner-2011e">{{Cite journal
|author = Warner, Brian D.
|date = January 2011
|title = Upon Further Review: III. An Examination of Previous Lightcurve Analysis from the Palmer Divide Observatory
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011MPBu...38...21W
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 38
|issue = 1
|pages = 21–23
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2011MPBu...38...21W
|access-date= 25 January 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Kim-2014">{{Cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = M.-J. |last1 = Kim
|first2 = Y.-J. |last2 = Choi
|first3 = H.-K. |last3 = Moon
|first4 = Y.-I. |last4 = Byun
|first5 = N. |last5 = Brosch
|first6 = M. |last6 = Kaplan
|first7 = S. |last7 = Kaynar
|first8 = Ö |last8 = Uysal
|first9 = E. |last9 = Güzel
|first10 = R. |last10 = Behrend
|first11 = J.-N. |last11 = Yoon
|first12 = S. |last12 = Mottola
|first13 = S. |last13 = Hellmich
|first14 = T. C. |last14 = Hinse
|first15 = Z. |last15 = Eker
|first16 = J.-H. |last16 = Park
|date = March 2014
|title = Rotational Properties of the Maria Asteroid Family
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014AJ....147...56K
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 147
|issue = 3
|page = 15
|bibcode = 2014AJ....147...56K
|doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/147/3/56
|arxiv = 1311.5318
|s2cid = 119256964 |access-date= 25 January 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|s2cid = 53493339 |access-date= 25 January 2017}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanetobserver.com/pdolc/A1158_1999.HTM Lightcurve plot of 1158 Luda], Palmer Divide Observatory, ''[[Brian D. Warner|B. D. Warner]]'' (1999)
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|1158}}
* {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator|1157 Arabia|number=1158|1159 Granada}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Luda}}
[[Category:Maria asteroids|001158]]
[[Category:Eunomia asteroids|001158]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Grigory Neujmin]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:S-type asteroids|001158]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1929|19290831]]
| 1,190,958,208 |
[{"title": "1158 Luda", "data": {"Discovered by": "G. Neujmin", "Discovery site": "Simeiz Obs.", "Discovery date": "31 August 1929"}}, {"title": "Designations", "data": {"MPC designation": "(1158) Luda", "Named after": "Ludmilla Neujmin \u00b7 (discoverer's sister)", "Alternative designations": "1929 QF \u00b7 1954 UQ1 \u00b7 1958 TG1 \u00b7 1972 GC", "Minor planet category": "main-belt \u00b7 Maria \u00b7 Eunomia"}}, {"title": "Orbital characteristics", "data": {"Orbital characteristics": ["Epoch 16 February 2017 (JD 2457800.5)", "Uncertainty parameter 0"], "Observation arc": "87.27 yr (31,876 days)", "Aphelion": "2.8532 AU", "Perihelion": "2.2742 AU", "Semi-major axis": "2.5637 AU", "Eccentricity": "0.1129", "Orbital period (sidereal)": "4.11 yr (1,499 days)", "Mean anomaly": "56.051\u00b0", "Mean motion": "0\u00b0 14m 24.36s / day", "Inclination": "14.834\u00b0", "Longitude of ascending node": "344.74\u00b0", "Argument of perihelion": "56.226\u00b0"}}, {"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"Dimensions": "18.636\u00b10.207 km \u00b7 18.70\u00b10.48 km \u00b7 19.06\u00b10.8 km (IRAS:8) \u00b7 20.596\u00b10.130 km", "Synodic rotation period": "6.86\u00b10.01 h \u00b7 6.863\u00b10.005 h \u00b7 6.870\u00b10.005 h \u00b7 6.90\u00b10.01 h \u00b7 7.44 h", "Geometric albedo": "0.2025\u00b10.0548 \u00b7 0.221\u00b10.034 \u00b7 0.2329\u00b10.022 (IRAS:8) \u00b7 0.253\u00b10.015", "Spectral type": "S", "Absolute magnitude (H)": "10.8 \u00b7 10.95\u00b10.33"}}]
| false |
# 1905 Texas Longhorns baseball team
The 1905 Texas Longhorns baseball team represented the Texas Longhorns baseball team of the University of Texas in the 1905 college baseball season.
## Schedule and results
| Legend | Legend |
| ------ | ---------- |
| | Texas win |
| | Texas loss |
| | Tie |
|
enwiki/63053359
|
enwiki
| 63,053,359 |
1905 Texas Longhorns baseball team
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1905_Texas_Longhorns_baseball_team
|
2024-02-10T01:11:53Z
|
en
|
Q85720846
| 70,370 |
{{short description|American college baseball season}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox NCAA team season
|mode = baseball
|year = 1905
|team = Texas Longhorns
|image =
|image_size = 320px
|conference = Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association
|short_conf =SIAA
|CoachRank =
|APRank =
|record = 17–8
|conf_record =?
|head_coach = [[Ralph Hutchinson]]
|hit_coach =
|pitch_coach =
|stadium =[[Clark Field (1887)|Clark Field]]
|champion = SIAA champion
|captain =
|bowl =
|bowl_result =
}}
The '''1905 Texas Longhorns baseball team''' represented the [[Texas Longhorns baseball]] team of the [[University of Texas]] in the [[1905 college baseball season]].<ref name=results>{{cite book|url=https://texassports.com/documents/2018/4/23//Texas_Baseball_Year_by_Year_Results.pdf|title=Texas Baseball Year-by-Year Results|page=87|accessdate=February 9, 2020}}</ref>
==Schedule and results==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!colspan="2"|Legend
|-
|bgcolor="#DDFFDD"| ||Texas win
|-
|bgcolor="#FFDDDD"| ||Texas loss
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFE6"| ||Tie
|}
{| class="toccolours" width=95% style="clear:both; margin:1.5em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan=2 style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Texas Longhorns}}" | 1905 Texas Longhorns baseball game log<ref name=results />
|-
! colspan=2 style="{{CollegePrimaryStyle|Texas Longhorns}}" | Regular season
|- valign="top"
|
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="margin:auto; width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:95%"
! colspan=12 style="padding-left:4em;{{CollegeSecondaryStyle|Texas Longhorns}}" | March
|-
! Date
! Opponent
! Site/stadium
! Score
! Overall record
! SWIAA record
|-bgcolor=FFDDDD
| Mar 24 || {{CBSB link|year=1905|team=St. Edward's Hilltoppers|title=St. Edward's}} || [[Clark Field (1887)|Clark Field]] • [[Austin, Texas|Austin, TX]] || '''L''' 7–11 || 0–1 ||
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| Mar 28 || St. Edward's || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''W''' 11–2 || 1–1 ||
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| Mar 31 || [[Austin Senators]]* || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''W''' 4–1 || 2–1 ||
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="margin:auto; width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:95%"
! colspan=12 style="padding-left:4em;{{CollegeSecondaryStyle|Texas Longhorns}}" | April
|-
! Date
! Opponent
! Site/stadium
! Score
! Overall record
! SWIAA record
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| Apr 1 || Austin Senators* || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''W''' 2–1 || 3–1 ||
|-bgcolor=FFDDDD
| Apr 7 || Austin Senators* || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''L''' 1–2 || 3–2 ||
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| Apr 8 || Austin Senators* || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''W''' 5–3 || 4–2 ||
|-bgcolor=FFDDDD
| Apr 12 || St. Edward's || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''L''' 1–2 || 4–3 ||
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| Apr 14 || at {{CBSB link|year=1905|team=Texas A&M Aggies|title=Texas A&M}} || [[Kyle Baseball Field]] • [[College Station, Texas|College Station, TX]] || '''W''' 5–4 || 5–3 ||
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| Apr 15 || at Texas A&M || Kyle Baseball Field • College Station, TX || '''W''' 14–7 || 6–3 ||
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| Apr 17 || {{CBSB link|year=1905|team=Southwestern Pirates|title=Southwestern}} || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''W''' 10–1 || 7–3 ||
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| Apr 19 || [[Texas School for the Deaf]]* || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''W''' 2–0 || 8–3 ||
|-bgcolor=FFDDDD
| Apr 26 || [[Beaumont Millionaires]]* || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''L''' 0–2 || 8–4 ||
|-bgcolor=FFDDDD
| Apr 27 || Beaumont Millionaires* || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''L''' 0–1 || 8–5 ||
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| Apr 28 || {{CBSB link|year=1905|team=Baylor Bears|title=Baylor}} || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''W''' 5–1 || 9–5 ||
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="margin:auto; width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:95%"
! colspan=12 style="padding-left:4em;{{CollegeSecondaryStyle|Texas Longhorns}}" | May
|-
! Date
! Opponent
! Site/stadium
! Score
! Overall record
! SWIAA record
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| May 1 || at Southwestern || [[Georgetown, Texas|Georgetown, TX]] || '''W''' 4–0 || 10–5 ||
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| May 3 || {{CBSB link|year=1905|team=Missouri Tigers|title=Missouri}}* || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''W''' 6–0 || 11–5 ||
|-bgcolor=FFDDDD
| May 4 || Missouri* || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''L''' 2–7 || 11–6 ||
|-bgcolor=FFDDDD
| May 5 || Texas A&M || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''L''' 0–1 || 11–7 ||
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| May 8 || St. Edward's || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''W''' 1–0 || 12–7 ||
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| May 11 || St. Edward's || Clark Field • Austin, TX || '''W''' 2–0 || 13–7 ||
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| May 16 || at {{CBSB link|year=1905|team=Vanderbilt Commodores|title=Vanderbilt}}* || [[Old Dudley Field]] • [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]] || '''W''' 3–2 || 14–7 ||
|-bgcolor=FFDDDD
| May 17 || at Vanderbilt* || Old Dudley Field • Nashville, TN || '''L''' 2–6 || 14–8 ||
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| May 18 || at {{CBSB link|year=1905|team=Ole Miss Rebels|title=Ole Miss}}* || [[Oxford, Mississippi|Oxford, MS]] || '''W''' 3–2 || 15–8 ||
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| May 19 || at Ole Miss* || Oxford, MS || '''W''' 5–1 || 16–8 ||
|-bgcolor=DDFFDD
| May 20 || at Ole Miss* || Oxford, MS || '''W''' 5–0 || 17–8 ||
|}
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Texas Longhorns baseball navbox}}
[[Category:1905 college baseball season|Texas]]
[[Category:Texas Longhorns baseball seasons]]
[[Category:1905 in sports in Texas]]
| 1,205,595,534 |
[{"title": "SIAA champion", "data": {"Conference": "Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association", "Record": "17\u20138 (? SIAA)", "Head coach": "- Ralph Hutchinson", "Home stadium": "Clark Field"}}]
| false |
# 1782 New Jersey gubernatorial election
The 1782 New Jersey gubernatorial election was held on 30 October 1782 in order to elect the Governor of New Jersey. Incumbent Governor William Livingston was easily re-elected by the New Jersey General Assembly as he ran unopposed.
## General election
On election day, 30 October 1782, incumbent Governor William Livingston was re-elected by the New Jersey General Assembly as he ran unopposed. Livingston was sworn in for his seventh term that same day.
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------ | ----- | ------- |
| | Nonpartisan | William Livingston (incumbent) | 37 | 100.00% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 37 | 100.00% |
| | Nonpartisan hold | | | |
|
enwiki/77248594
|
enwiki
| 77,248,594 |
1782 New Jersey gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1782_New_Jersey_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-24T21:32:28Z
|
en
|
Q127417144
| 113,923 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1782 New Jersey gubernatorial election
| country = New Jersey
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1781 New Jersey gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1781
| next_election = 1783 New Jersey gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1783
| election_date = 30 October 1782
| image1 = [[File:William Livingston, by John Wollaston (1750).jpg|125px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[William Livingston]]'''
| party1 = Nonpartisan politician
| popular_vote1 = '''37'''
| percentage1 = '''100.00%'''
| image2 =
| nominee2 =
| party2 =
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[William Livingston]]
| before_party = Nonpartisan politician
| after_election = [[William Livingston]]
| after_party = Nonpartisan politician
}}
{{ElectionsNJ}}
The '''1782 New Jersey gubernatorial election''' was held on 30 October 1782 in order to elect the [[List of governors of New Jersey|Governor of New Jersey]]. [[Incumbent]] Governor [[William Livingston]] was easily re-elected by the [[New Jersey General Assembly]] as he ran unopposed.<ref name="nga">{{Cite web |title=William Livingston |date=19 January 2010 |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/william-livingston/ |access-date=29 June 2024 |publisher=[[National Governors Association]]}}</ref>
==General election==
On election day, 30 October 1782, incumbent Governor [[William Livingston]] was re-elected by the [[New Jersey General Assembly]] as he ran unopposed. Livingston was sworn in for his seventh term that same day.<ref name=WWZ>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/minutesproceedin00newj/page/4/mode/2up |title=Minutes and proceedings of the Council and General Assembly of the state of New-Jersey, in joint-meeting, from August 30, 1776 to October 29, 1799 |date=14 August 2009 |access-date=29 June 2024}}</ref><ref name=GBN>{{cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=1067171 |title=NJ Governor |publisher=ourcampaigns.com |date=30 April 2024 |access-date=29 June 2024}}</ref>
===Results===
{{Election box begin no change | title=New Jersey gubernatorial election, 1782|
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Nonpartisan politician
|candidate = [[William Livingston]] (incumbent)
|votes = 37
|percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box total no change|
|votes = 37
|percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|
|winner= Nonpartisan politician
|loser =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:1782 in New Jersey]]
[[Category:New Jersey gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:Indirect elections]]
[[Category:1780s New Jersey elections]]
[[Category:1782 elections in the United States]]
[[Category:Single-candidate elections]]
[[Category:Non-partisan elections]]
[[Category:United States gubernatorial elections in the 1780s]]
| 1,271,610,245 |
[{"title": "1782 New Jersey gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1781": "30 October 1782 \u00b7 1783 \u2192", "Nominee": "William Livingston", "Party": "Nonpartisan", "Popular vote": "37", "Percentage": "100.00%", "Governor before election \u00b7 William Livingston \u00b7 Nonpartisan": "Elected Governor \u00b7 William Livingston \u00b7 Nonpartisan"}}]
| false |
# 1837 Belgian general election
Partial general elections were held in Belgium on Tuesday 13 June 1837 in which 51 of the 102 seats in the Chamber of Representatives were elected. Voter turnout was 56.0%, although only 24,526 people were eligible to vote. Under the alternating system, Chamber elections were only held in five out of the nine provinces: Antwerp, Brabant, Luxembourg, Namur and West Flanders. The Senate was not up for election.
This was the last election in which Luxembourg Province included the area of the modern Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; in 1839, under the stipulations of the Treaty of London, a portion of the province's constituency of Diekirch, along with the full constituencies of Luxembourg (roughly equal to modern Luxembourg City) and Grevenmacher, became parts of the independent Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
|
enwiki/33903326
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enwiki
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1837 Belgian general election
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1837_Belgian_general_election
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2025-01-22T15:54:35Z
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Q4882513
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{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1837 Belgian general election
| country = Belgium
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1835 Belgian general election
| previous_year = 1835
| next_election = 1839 Belgian general election
| next_year = 1839
| seats_for_election = 51 of the 102 seats in the [[Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)|Chamber of Representatives]]
| majority_seats =
| election_date = {{Start date|1837|06|13|df=yes}}
| title = Government
| posttitle = Government after election
| before_election = [[Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt|de Theux de Meylandt I]]
| before_colour =
| after_election = [[Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt|de Theux de Meylandt I]]
| after_colour =
| before_party = Catholic-[[Liberal Party (Belgium)|Liberal]]
| after_party = Catholic-[[Liberal Party (Belgium)|Liberal]]
}}
Partial general elections were held in [[Belgium]] on Tuesday 13 June 1837 in which 51 of the 102 seats in the [[Belgian Chamber of Representatives|Chamber of Representatives]] were elected.<ref name=DS>Sternberger, D, Vogel, B & Nohlen, D (1969) ''Die Wahl der Parlamente: Band I: Europa - Erster Halbband'', p105</ref> Voter turnout was 56.0%, although only 24,526 people were eligible to vote.<ref name=DS/> Under the alternating system, Chamber elections were only held in five out of the nine provinces: [[Antwerp (province)|Antwerp]], [[Brabant (province)|Brabant]], [[Luxembourg (Belgium)|Luxembourg]], [[Namur (province)|Namur]] and [[West Flanders]]. The Senate was not up for election.
This was the last election in which Luxembourg Province included the area of the modern [[Grand Duchy of Luxembourg]]; in 1839, under the stipulations of the [[Treaty of London (1839)|Treaty of London]], a portion of the province's constituency of [[Diekirch (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|Diekirch]], along with the full constituencies of Luxembourg (roughly equal to modern [[Luxembourg City]]) and [[Grevenmacher (Chamber of Representatives constituency)|Grevenmacher]], became parts of the independent Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Xavier |last=Heuschling |title=Statistique de la population dans ses rapports avec la représentation narionale |journal=Revue de Belgique |volume=30 |year=1878 |page=428 |oclc=849233859}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Belgian elections}}
[[Category:1830s elections in Belgium]]
[[Category:1837 in Belgium|General]]
[[Category:1837 elections in Europe|Belgium]]
[[Category:June 1837|Belgium]]
| 1,271,096,960 |
[{"title": "1837 Belgian general election", "data": {"\u2190 1835": "13 June 1837 \u00b7 1839 \u2192"}}, {"title": "51 of the 102 seats in the Chamber of Representatives", "data": {"Government before election \u00b7 de Theux de Meylandt I \u00b7 Catholic-Liberal": "Government after election \u00b7 de Theux de Meylandt I \u00b7 Catholic-Liberal"}}]
| false |
# 119th Rifle Division
The 119th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Red Army, formed three times.
It was originally raised at Krasnoyarsk in 1939 as a motor rifle division until the following year when it was reorganized as a standard Red Army rifle division, and served for the duration of the Great Patriotic War in that role. It saw very limited service in the Winter War against Finland. Following the German invasion in 1941 the first two formations of the division distinguished themselves on the battlefield, and were raised to the status of Guards Rifle divisions: the 17th Guards following the Battle of Moscow; and the 54th Guards for its successes in Operation Uranus. The division was formed for a third time in early 1943 and served for the duration of the war in the north-central sectors of the front, taking part in the offensive that drove the Nazi forces out of the Baltic States and winning a decoration for the liberation of Riga. The division was moved to the Odessa Military District soon after the end of the war, and was disbanded in the next few months.
## 1st Formation
The division was organized at Krasnoyarsk in the Siberian Military District in 1939 as a motor rifle division, as part of the pre-war expansion of the Red Army. It was moved to the Finnish front from January to March 1940, but only its artillery took part in the fighting. After returning to the Siberian Military District it was reorganized as a regular rifle division in April. As of June 22, 1941, it comprised:
- 365th Rifle Regiment
- 421st Rifle Regiment
- 634th Rifle Regiment
- 349th Light Artillery Regiment
- 224th Sapper Battalion
- 143rd Reconnaissance Company[2]
Maj. Gen. Aleksandr Dmitrievich Berezin commanded the division through the existence of this formation. Following the onset of Barbarossa the division was rushed to the front, being assigned to 24th Army and then 31st Army in Reserve Front in August 1941. Unlike the newer divisions being formed at that time, the 119th had the pre-war organization and as of September 20 was actually over strength, with 1,142 officers, 14,804 NCOs and men, 13 tankettes, 4 armored cars, 166 heavy machine guns, 408 light machine guns, 54 45mm antitank guns, 85 artillery pieces, 109 mortars and 4 antiaircraft guns.
With the launch of the German Operation Typhoon, the division was involved in heavy fighting west of Rzhev in the first week of October. On October 6 the 365th Rifle Regiment was transferred to the 18th Rifle Division, which had escaped from encirclement with significant casualties. In exchange the 119th received the 920th Rifle Regiment from the 247th Rifle Division, a unit made up from a cadre of NKVD troops. At about this time the division was transferred to 29th Army, in Kalinin Front, and after the battle for Kalinin, back to 31st Army. By late November, even after this heavy fighting, the division still had a strength of 7,200 men, higher than average for Kalinin and Western Fronts at this time.
The men and women of the division fought well during the rest of the Battle of Moscow, and in the following counteroffensive. Beginning on January 8, 1942, 31st Army took part in the Sychevka-Vyasma Offensive Operation, which was planned "to encircle, and then capture or destroy the enemy's entire Mozhaisk - Gzhatsk - Vyasma grouping", that is, what later became known as the Rzhev salient. The 119th was one of the spearheads of this thrust behind the German lines, reaching the area near Bely by mid-January. The division was recognized for its achievements in this counteroffensive on March 17 when it became the 17th Guards Rifle Division.
## 2nd Formation
A new 119th Rifle Division was formed on April 21, 1942, in the Kalinin Oblast of the Moscow Military District, based on the 51st Rifle Brigade.
### 51st Rifle Brigade
This brigade began forming in October 1941, from military students and training units in the Volga Military District. It was moved west in December and was assigned to the reserves of Northwestern Front. It was then moved to the 4th Shock Army, and it was one of the second echelon units of that army when the Toropets-Kholm Offensive began on January 9, 1942. Through the rest of the winter the brigade fought in 4th Shock, deep in the Toropets salient behind the German-held Rzhev salient, until it was pulled out in April and sent back to Kalinin.
### 1942 Campaign
The new division's order of battle remained the same as that of the first formation, except the 349th was now a standard divisional artillery regiment. Col. Ivan Yakovlevich Kulagin was appointed to command on the day the division formed. The 51st Brigade was a well-experienced unit so the new division needed only about three months to form up and train. It remained in the Moscow defenses until July when it was moved south to join 3rd Tank Army in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command. On August 30, still in reserve, it was reassigned to 5th Tank Army, fighting in Bryansk Front during the autumn.
During October, the 5th Tank Army was moved to Southwestern Front, under the command of Lt. Gen. N. F. Vatutin. At this time the 119th was noted as having 50 percent Russian personnel, with the remaining half being primarily Ukrainian and Asian. On November 19, the opening day of Operation Uranus, the division was deep within the Red Army's Serafimovich bridgehead across the Don River, at the village of Kalmykovskii, facing the Romanian 14th Infantry Division. At 0730 hrs., 3,500 guns, mortars and rocket launchers opened an 80-minute preparation along the penetration sectors of Southwestern and Don Fronts. Before this was completed, forward elements of the 119th, supported by sappers, pushed to within 200 - 300 metres of the forward edge of the Romanian defenses. Before the artillery was finished, the infantry assault began.
#### Operation Uranus
Together the four rifle divisions in the bridgehead were backed by 138 tanks. On the 119th's left the 50th Guards and its supporting armor tore a gaping hole in the defenses on the left flank of Romanian 5th Infantry Division by 1100 hrs.; this leveraged the 119th's thrust due south, with all three rifle regiments in the first echelon, smashing the enemy's first defensive positions and approaching the village of Blinovskii by the same hour. This was an advance of 2-3km, less than anticipated in the offensive plan. By noon the division had helped to crack open the lines held by Romanian II Army Corps sufficiently to create an opening for the armor of 5th Tank to exploit. 1st Tank Corps deployed its three tank brigades in a line and at 1400 hrs. began advancing through the 119th and the adjacent 154th Rifle Division, (which was re-designated as the 47th Guards Rifle Division the next day.) in an attack that obliterated the remaining defenses of the Romanian 14th Infantry; the surviving Romanian troops caught "tank fright" and were routed. Later in the afternoon, the 634th Rifle Regiment cooperated with roughly 45 vehicles of 26th Tank Corps' 157th Tank Brigade to destroy the Romanian 14th's remaining strongpoint at Klinovoi, after which the armor continued to advance up to 22km against light resistance. The remainder of the division made slower progress.
On November 20, Colonel Kulagin left command of the division; he would take command of the 35th Guards Rifle Division a few weeks later. He was replaced the following day by Col. Mikhail Matveevich Danilov, who had been the commander of the 437th Rifle Regiment of 154th Rifle Division, and would hold command for the duration of this formation. During the day most of the 119th continued to support the 157th Tank Brigade to overcome or bypass Romanian strongpoints and other obstacles, with the goal of reaching the towns of Zhirkovskii and Perelazovskii deep in the enemy rear, while the 365th Rifle Regiment, along with the 50th Guards and supporting armor, fought to contain Romanian forces being encircled east of the Tsaritsa River. The 365th seized Hill 208.0, then pushed on eastward with the tanks to the west bank of the river by midday, beginning the process of encircling the 1st Romanian Armored Division and other Romanian forces to the east. The Romanian tanks attempted to break out southwest to link up with German XXXXVIII Panzer Corps, but were unsuccessful, and lost 25 vehicles in the process.
The following day, Colonel Danilov "castled" his regiments southwards along the Tsaritsa, then attacked eastwards against the remnants of the Romanian armor, advancing up to 5km. The goal was to link up with the 277th Rifle Division of 21st Army and complete the encirclement of the remaining eastern forces of Romanian Third Army, now known as Group Lascar. At 2000 hrs. the leading elements of the two rifle divisions joined hands west of Verkhne-Cherenskii, completing the first major encirclement of Axis forces in Operation Uranus. Early on November 22 the division joined with the 50th Guards, 216th Tank Brigade, and one regiment of the 346th Rifle Division to attack Group Lascar's defenses along and east of the Tsaritsa. The division attacked eastward and northeastward, captured Korotkovskii, and then got into a fight to capture Zhirkovskii against strong resistance. At this point the 1st Romanian Armored made an attempt to break out of the pocket, with roughly 20 R-2 tanks and 220 trucks and other vehicles. This force pushed through the 119th's defenses, after which it fought a running battle with Soviet cavalry and tanks to the rear. The division's forces ignored the breakout as best they could, before lunging with the 50th Guards east towards the town of Golovskii, 10km to the east, which was the headquarters of Group Lascar. While the Romanian group made plans to break out, in defiance of orders from the German high command, the two Soviet divisions engaged the Romanian 6th Infantry Division in a running fight that lasted from 1600 to 2100 hrs., while Group Lascar was also being severely pressed by 21st Army. Golovskii fell to 50th Guards at 2100 hrs., completely disrupting the Romanian command.
November 23 saw the rifle forces of 5th Tank Army attempting to destroy the encircled Romanian group. The 119th captured the Romanian strongpoint at Zhirkovskii early in the morning, then dispatched one of its rifle regiments southward to intercept a Romanian column from escaping, while the remaining regiments drove eastwards into the center of the shrinking pocket. These captured Verkhne-Cherenskii at 1400 hrs. and linked up with the 333rd Rifle Division of 21st Army. At the same time, the left-flank regiment joined hands with that Army's 96th and 63rd Rifle Divisions, further sub-dividing the pocket. Overnight many Romanians were taken prisoner, including General Lascar. It fell to Brig. Gen. Trajan Stanescu, Lascar's deputy, to seek a formal surrender of Third Army, which went into effect at 0230 hrs. on November 24. The remaining Romanians surrendered over the next 12 hours, a total of 27,000 officers and men, including 5,000 from the escaping column intercepted by the regiment of the 119th and other Soviet forces. Following this, the division got a brief rest while it prepared to exploit to the Oblivskaya area on the Chir River.
#### Battle for Surovikino
On November 25 the 119th was tasked with the liberation of Surovikino, relieving 1st Tank Corps, and then with a drive across the lower Chir. This town proved a tough nut to crack, and the German defenders were still holding out in the evening of November 27, when the division was joined by the 333rd Rifle. 24 hours later Surovikino continued to hold out. On the morning of the 30th the division penetrated into the town's northern outskirts, where it entered into street fighting with the defenders of composite Group Schmidt, while the 333rd carved out a bridgehead over the Chir to the east. The fighting for Surovikino continued through the first three days of December, while 5th Tank Army prepared for a new offensive towards Tormosin, based from the 333rd's bridgehead. The goal of the offensive was to disrupt any German offensive from the lower Chir to relieve their forces surrounded at Stalingrad; the 119th's goal was to complete the liberation of Surovikino and then to attack across the river with two regiments, along with two regiments of the 321st Rifle Division. When the offensive began on December 9, the advance battalions of the two divisions encountered intense small arms and artillery fire from a very mixed group of Axis forces that forced them to go to ground. The full offensive was then postponed to the next day.
The sporadic fighting for Surovikino continued over the next several days. Finally, owing to the expansion of Soviet bridgeheads over the Chir to the east and west, despite the efforts of 11th Panzer Division to throw them back, the German position in the town became untenable, and it was evacuated overnight on December 14–15, with the 119th taking possession. As a result of this success and those earlier in the campaign, the division was one of the first of the Stalingrad divisions raised to Guards status, becoming the 54th Guards Rifle Division on December 16.
## 3rd Formation
The final 119th Rifle Division began forming at Aleksin in the Moscow Military District, based on the 161st Rifle Brigade, in March 1943.
### 161st Rifle Brigade
This rifle brigade was formed in February - March 1942 in the Moscow Military District. It was immediately assigned to the Moscow Defence Zone. In April it was moved to the 11th Army in Northwestern Front, on the north flank of the Soviet forces besieging the Demyansk Pocket. It was moved to 34th Army during this battle, and was there when the German forces evacuated in February 1943. Following this, the brigade became part of the 12th Guards Rifle Corps in the 27th Army in the area of Staraya Russa. In April the brigade was moved back to the Moscow Military District for rebuilding.
### Into Belarus and the Baltic States
The division completed forming on April 19, when it was assigned to 3rd Reserve Army in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command. The order of battle remained the same as that of the second formation. It was under the command of Col. Ivan Dmitrievich Panov, but he was replaced on July 27 by Maj. Gen. Iosif Ivanovich Khorun. The division was assigned to 21st Army in Western Front before the Smolensk Offensive Operation in August, and two months later reassigned to 60th Rifle Corps in Kalinin Front reserves. Shortly thereafter this Front was renamed 1st Baltic, and the division and its corps became part of 4th Shock Army.
4th Shock began a new offensive on November 2 in the directions of Polotsk and Vitebsk. 60th Corps, supported by the 143rd Tank Brigade, struck the defenses of the 87th Infantry Division and the much-depleted 2nd Luftwaffe Field Division on a 10km-wide front centered 16km south of Nevel. By November 6 the Corps had penetrated the enemy defenses to a depth of about 10km, at which point the 2nd Guards Rifle Corps was committed into the sector from the second echelon, with the mission "to widen the mouth to the south and destroy the defending enemy". Once a breakthrough was achieved, 4th Shock regrouped its forces to exploit; the 119th and the 357th Rifle Divisions were sent southwestwards towards Polotsk. Third Panzer Army's IX Army Corps scrambled to assemble several small combat groups to block the advance in this direction. By November 20 the division was on both sides of the Nevel - Polotsk railway in the area near Dretun, just 26km short of its objective, brought to a halt by an unexpected thaw and the resistance of German Group von Gottberg and the 211th Infantry Division. Due to the extended front held by 4th Shock, 60th Corps held these general positions into the new year.
In February 1944, the 119th was moved to 83rd Rifle Corps, where it remained for the duration of the war. Apart from a short reassignment to 1st Shock Army in March, the division was in 4th Shock Army until January 1945. At the start of the Soviet summer offensive the division was facing the German Panther Line defenses on the Drissa River, north of Polotsk. On July 18, following the breakthrough of these defenses and the exploitation to the west, General Khorun handed command of the division to Col. Ivan Mikhailovich Toropchin. By the beginning of August 4 Shock had reached the eastern outskirts of Daugavpils in Latvia. The advance continued until by mid-September it had arrived in the area of Biržai in northern Lithuania. The 119th's final change of command took place on October 18, when Colonel Toropchin was replaced by Col. Mikhail Lavrentevich Dudarenko. On October 22, the division was awarded the Order of Suvorov, 2nd Class, for its services in the liberation of Riga. In the new year the division and its corps were shifted to 42nd Army in 2nd Baltic Front, then to 10th Guards Army on the coast of the Baltic in March, guarding the cut-off German forces in the Courland Pocket. In mid-April the 83rd Corps went into the Reserve of the Supreme High Command in the 22nd Army, ending the war out of the front lines.
It appears the entire 83rd Rifle Corps, including the 119th Rifle Division, was disbanded in the Odessa Military District in 1945-46.
### Citations
1. ↑ Charles C. Sharp, "Red Legions", Soviet Rifle Divisions Formed Before June 1941, Soviet Order of Battle World War II, Vol. VIII, Nafziger, 1996, p. 60
2. 1 2 3 Sharp, "Red Legions", p. 60
3. ↑ Jack Radey and Charles Sharp, The Defense of Moscow 1941 - The Northern Flank, Pen & Sword Books Ltd., Barnsley, UK, 2012, p. 17
4. ↑ Radey and Sharp, Defense of Moscow, p. 17
5. ↑ Svetlana Gerasimova, The Rzhev Slaughterhouse, ed. & trans. S. Britton, Helion & Co., Ltd., Solihull, UK, 2013, pp. 26-27
6. ↑ Sharp, "Red Swarm", Soviet Rifle Divisions Formed From 1942 to 1945, Soviet Order of Battle World War II, Vol. X, Nafziger, 1996, p. 44
7. ↑ Dunn, Jr., states it was in September; Walter S. Dunn, Jr., Stalin's Keys to Victory, Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA, 2006, p. 83
8. ↑ Sharp, "Red Volunteers", Soviet Militia Units, Rifle and Ski Brigades 1941 - 1945, Soviet Order of Battle World War II, Vol. XI, Nafziger, 1996, pp. 33-34
9. ↑ David M. Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2009, p. 456
10. ↑ Sharp, "Red Swarm", p. 44
11. ↑ Combat Composition of the Soviet Army, 1942, p. 214
12. ↑ Glantz, Colossus Reborn, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2005, p. 592
13. ↑ Glantz, Endgame at Stalingrad, Book One, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2014, pp. 186, 194-95, 198-99
14. ↑ Sharp, "Red Legions", p. 76
15. ↑ Glantz, Endgame, Book One, pp. 201-03, 208-15
16. ↑ "Biography of Major-General Ivan Iakovlevich Kulagin - (Иван Яковлевич Кулагин) (1901 – 1974), Soviet Union".
17. ↑ Glantz identifies Danilov as commander on November 21, but continues to refer to Kulagin as late as November 29. Endgame, Book One, pp. 277, 481
18. ↑ Glantz, Endgame, Book One, pp. 231-33, 235, 244
19. ↑ Glantz, Endgame, Book One, pp. 277-79, 306, 309-11
20. ↑ Glantz, Endgame, Book One, pp. 346-47, 393-94
21. ↑ Glantz, Endgame, Book One, pp. 426-47, 475, 478, 481
22. ↑ Glantz, Endgame at Stalingrad, Book Two, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2014, pp. 42, 46-47, 60-62
23. ↑ Glantz, Endgame, Book Two, pp. 68, 71, 83, 247
24. ↑ Sharp, "Red Swarm", pp. 44-45
25. ↑ Dunn, Jr., Stalin's Keys, p. 109
26. ↑ Sharp, "Red Volunteers", p. 69
27. ↑ Glantz, Battle for Belorussia, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2016, pp. 26, 37
28. 1 2 Sharp, "Red Swarm", p. 45
29. ↑ Glantz, Belorussia, pp. 130-33, 140, 217, 280
30. ↑ The Gamers, Baltic Gap, Multi-Man Publishing, Inc., Millersville, MD, 2009, pp. 9, 22, 29
31. ↑ Affairs Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union 1967, p. 517.
32. ↑ V.I. Feskov et al. 2013, 489.
### Bibliography
- Main Personnel Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union (1964). Командование корпусного и дивизионного звена советских вооруженных сил периода Великой Отечественной войны 1941 – 1945 гг [Commanders of Corps and Divisions in the Great Patriotic War, 1941–1945] (in Russian). Moscow: Frunze Military Academy. p. 157-58.
- Affairs Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union (1967). Сборник приказов РВСР, РВС СССР, НКО и Указов Президиума Верховного Совета СССР о награждении орденами СССР частей, соединениий и учреждений ВС СССР. Часть I. 1920 - 1944 гг [Collection of orders of the RVSR, RVS USSR and NKO on awarding orders to units, formations and establishments of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Part I. 1920–1944] (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2018.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
- Feskov, V.I.; Golikov, V.I.; Kalashnikov, K.A.; Slugin, S.A. (2013). Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской [The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces] (in Russian). Tomsk: Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing. ISBN 9785895035306.
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119th Rifle Division
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_Rifle_Division
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2024-10-03T15:49:07Z
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{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 119th Motor Rifle Division (August 19, 1939 – April 17, 1940)<br>119th Rifle Division (April 17, 1940 – March 17, 1942)<br>119th Rifle Division (April 21 – December 16, 1942)<br>119th Rifle Division (April 19, 1943 - 1946)
| caption = Maj. Gen. A. D. Berezin, ca. 1941
| dates = 1939–1946
| country = {{flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| allegiance =
| branch = [[Image:Red Army flag.svg|23px]] [[Red Army]]
| type = Infantry
| role =
| size = Division
| command_structure =
| current_commander =
| garrison =
| march =
| motto =
| mascot =
| battles = [[Winter War]]<br>[[Operation Barbarossa]]<br>[[Operation Typhoon]]<br>[[Battle of Moscow]]<br>[[Battles of Rzhev]]<br>[[Operation Blue]]<br>[[Battle of Stalingrad]]<br>[[Operation Uranus]]<br>[[Battle of Smolensk (1943)]]<br>[[Battle of Nevel (1943)]]<br>[[Polotsk–Vitebsk Offensive]]<br>[[Operation Bagration]]<br>[[Baltic Offensive]]<br>[[Riga Offensive (1944)]]<br>[[Courland Pocket]]
| decorations = {{OrderSuvorov2ndClass}} (3rd Formation)
| battle_honours =
| notable_commanders = Maj. Gen. Aleksandr Dmitrievich Berezin<br>Col. Ivan Yakovlevich Kulagin<br>Col. Ivan Dmitrievich Panov<br>Maj. Gen. Iosif Ivanovich Khorun<br>Col. Ivan Mikhailovich Toropchin<br>Col. Mikhail Lavrentevich Dudarenko
| anniversaries =
}}
The '''119th Rifle Division''' was an infantry division of the [[Red Army]], formed three times.
It was originally raised at [[Krasnoyarsk]] in 1939 as a motor rifle division until the following year when it was reorganized as a standard [[Red Army]] rifle division, and served for the duration of the Great Patriotic War in that role. It saw very limited service in the Winter War against Finland. Following the German invasion in 1941 the first two formations of the division distinguished themselves on the battlefield, and were raised to the status of Guards Rifle divisions: the [[17th Guards Rifle Division|17th Guards]] following the Battle of Moscow; and the [[54th Guards Rifle Division|54th Guards]] for its successes in Operation Uranus. The division was formed for a third time in early 1943 and served for the duration of the war in the north-central sectors of the front, taking part in the offensive that drove the Nazi forces out of the Baltic States and winning a decoration for the liberation of [[Riga]]. The division was moved to the [[Odessa Military District]] soon after the end of the war, and was disbanded in the next few months.
== 1st Formation ==
The division was organized at Krasnoyarsk in the [[Siberian Military District]] in 1939 as a motor rifle division, as part of the pre-war expansion of the Red Army.<ref>Charles C. Sharp, ''"Red Legions", Soviet Rifle Divisions Formed Before June 1941, Soviet Order of Battle World War II, Vol. VIII'', Nafziger, 1996, p. 60</ref> It was moved to the Finnish front from January to March 1940, but only its artillery took part in the fighting. After returning to the Siberian Military District it was reorganized as a regular rifle division in April. As of June 22, 1941, it comprised:
* 365th Rifle Regiment
* 421st Rifle Regiment
* 634th Rifle Regiment
* 349th Light Artillery Regiment
* 224th Sapper Battalion
* 143rd Reconnaissance Company<ref name="auto">Sharp, ''"Red Legions"'', p. 60</ref>
Maj. Gen. Aleksandr Dmitrievich Berezin commanded the division through the existence of this formation. Following the onset of Barbarossa the division was rushed to the front, being assigned to [[24th Army (Soviet Union)|24th Army]] and then [[31st Army (Soviet Union)|31st Army]] in [[Reserve Front]] in August 1941. Unlike the newer divisions being formed at that time, the 119th had the pre-war organization and as of September 20 was actually over strength, with 1,142 officers, 14,804 NCOs and men, 13 [[Tankette|tankettes]], 4 armored cars, 166 heavy machine guns, 408 light machine guns, 54 [[45 mm anti-tank gun M1937 (53-K)|45mm antitank guns]], 85 artillery pieces, 109 mortars and 4 antiaircraft guns.<ref>Jack Radey and Charles Sharp, ''The Defense of Moscow 1941 - The Northern Flank'', Pen & Sword Books Ltd., Barnsley, UK, 2012, p. 17</ref>
With the launch of the German [[Operation Typhoon]], the division was involved in heavy fighting west of [[Rzhev]] in the first week of October. On October 6 the 365th Rifle Regiment was transferred to the [[18th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|18th Rifle Division]], which had escaped from encirclement with significant casualties. In exchange the 119th received the 920th Rifle Regiment from the [[247th Rifle Division]], a unit made up from a cadre of [[NKVD]] troops. At about this time the division was transferred to [[29th Army (Soviet Union)|29th Army]], in [[Kalinin Front]], and after the battle for [[Tver|Kalinin]], back to 31st Army.<ref>Radey and Sharp, ''Defense of Moscow'', p. 17</ref> By late November, even after this heavy fighting, the division still had a strength of 7,200 men, higher than average for Kalinin and [[Western Front (Soviet Union)|Western Fronts]] at this time.<ref name="auto"/>
The men and women of the division fought well during the rest of the Battle of Moscow, and in the following counteroffensive. Beginning on January 8, 1942, 31st Army took part in the [[Sychevka]]-[[Vyasma]] Offensive Operation, which was planned "to encircle, and then capture or destroy the enemy's entire [[Mozhaisk]] - [[Gzhatsk]] - Vyasma grouping",<ref>Svetlana Gerasimova, ''The Rzhev Slaughterhouse'', ed. & trans. S. Britton, Helion & Co., Ltd., Solihull, UK, 2013, pp. 26-27</ref> that is, what later became known as the [[Rzhev]] salient. The 119th was one of the spearheads of this thrust behind the German lines, reaching the area near [[Bely, Tver Oblast|Bely]] by mid-January. The division was recognized for its achievements in this counteroffensive on March 17 when it became the [[17th Guards Rifle Division]].<ref name="auto"/>
== 2nd Formation ==
A new 119th Rifle Division was formed on April 21, 1942, in the [[Kalinin Oblast]] of the [[Moscow Military District]], based on the 51st Rifle Brigade.<ref>Sharp, ''"Red Swarm", Soviet Rifle Divisions Formed From 1942 to 1945, Soviet Order of Battle World War II, Vol. X'', Nafziger, 1996, p. 44</ref>
===51st Rifle Brigade===
This brigade began forming in October 1941,<ref>Dunn, Jr., states it was in September; Walter S. Dunn, Jr., ''Stalin's Keys to Victory'', Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA, 2006, p. 83</ref> from military students and training units in the [[Volga Military District]]. It was moved west in December and was assigned to the reserves of [[Northwestern Front]]. It was then moved to the [[4th Shock Army]], and it was one of the second echelon units of that army when the [[Toropets-Kholm Offensive]] began on January 9, 1942. Through the rest of the winter the brigade fought in 4th Shock, deep in the Toropets salient behind the German-held Rzhev salient, until it was pulled out in April and sent back to Kalinin.<ref>Sharp, ''"Red Volunteers", Soviet Militia Units, Rifle and Ski Brigades 1941 - 1945, Soviet Order of Battle World War II, Vol. XI'', Nafziger, 1996, pp. 33-34</ref>
===1942 Campaign===
The new division's order of battle remained the same as that of the first formation, except the 349th was now a standard divisional artillery regiment. Col. Ivan Yakovlevich Kulagin was appointed to command on the day the division formed. The 51st Brigade was a well-experienced unit so the new division needed only about three months to form up and train. It remained in the Moscow defenses until July when it was moved south to join [[3rd Guards Tank Army (Soviet Union)#First Formation|3rd Tank Army]] in the [[Reserve of the Supreme High Command]]. On August 30, still in reserve, it was reassigned to [[5th Guards Tank Army (Soviet Union)|5th Tank Army]],<ref>David M. Glantz, ''To the Gates of Stalingrad'', University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2009, p. 456</ref> fighting in [[Bryansk Front]] during the autumn.<ref>Sharp, ''"Red Swarm"'', p. 44</ref>
During October, the 5th Tank Army was moved to [[Southwestern Front (Soviet Union)|Southwestern Front]],<ref>[http://www.soldat.ru/files/f/boevojsostavsa1942.pdf Combat Composition of the Soviet Army, 1942], p. 214</ref> under the command of Lt. Gen. [[Nikolai Vatutin|N. F. Vatutin]]. At this time the 119th was noted as having 50 percent Russian personnel, with the remaining half being primarily Ukrainian and Asian.<ref>Glantz, ''Colossus Reborn'', University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2005, p. 592</ref> On November 19, the opening day of [[Operation Uranus]], the division was deep within the Red Army's [[Serafimovich (town)|Serafimovich]] bridgehead across the [[Don River (Russia)|Don River]], at the village of Kalmykovskii, facing the Romanian [[14th Infantry Division (Romania)|14th Infantry Division]]. At 0730 hrs., 3,500 guns, mortars and rocket launchers opened an 80-minute preparation along the penetration sectors of Southwestern and [[Don Front|Don Fronts]]. Before this was completed, forward elements of the 119th, supported by sappers, pushed to within 200 - 300 metres of the forward edge of the Romanian defenses. Before the artillery was finished, the infantry assault began.<ref>Glantz, ''Endgame at Stalingrad, Book One'', University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2014, pp. 186, 194-95, 198-99</ref>
====Operation Uranus====
Together the four rifle divisions in the bridgehead were backed by 138 tanks. On the 119th's left the [[50th Guards Rifle Division|50th Guards]] and its supporting armor tore a gaping hole in the defenses on the left flank of Romanian [[5th Infantry Division (Romania)|5th Infantry Division]] by 1100 hrs.; this leveraged the 119th's thrust due south, with all three rifle regiments in the first echelon, smashing the enemy's first defensive positions and approaching the village of Blinovskii by the same hour. This was an advance of 2-3km, less than anticipated in the offensive plan. By noon the division had helped to crack open the lines held by [[II Army Corps (Romania)|Romanian II Army Corps]] sufficiently to create an opening for the armor of 5th Tank to exploit. [[1st Tank Corps (Soviet Union)|1st Tank Corps]] deployed its three tank brigades in a line and at 1400 hrs. began advancing through the 119th and the adjacent [[154th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|154th Rifle Division]], (which was re-designated as the [[47th Guards Rifle Division]] the next day.<ref>Sharp, ''"Red Legions"'', p. 76</ref>) in an attack that obliterated the remaining defenses of the Romanian 14th Infantry; the surviving Romanian troops caught "tank fright" and were routed. Later in the afternoon, the 634th Rifle Regiment cooperated with roughly 45 vehicles of [[26th Tank Corps|26th Tank Corps']] 157th Tank Brigade to destroy the Romanian 14th's remaining strongpoint at Klinovoi, after which the armor continued to advance up to 22km against light resistance. The remainder of the division made slower progress.<ref>Glantz, ''Endgame, Book One'', pp. 201-03, 208-15</ref>
On November 20, Colonel Kulagin left command of the division; he would take command of the [[35th Guards Rifle Division]] a few weeks later.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.generals.dk/general/Kulagin/Ivan_Iakovlevich/Soviet_Union.html|title = Biography of Major-General Ivan Iakovlevich Kulagin - (Иван Яковлевич Кулагин) (1901 – 1974), Soviet Union}}</ref> He was replaced the following day by Col. Mikhail Matveevich Danilov, who had been the commander of the 437th Rifle Regiment of 154th Rifle Division, and would hold command for the duration of this formation.<ref>Glantz identifies Danilov as commander on November 21, but continues to refer to Kulagin as late as November 29. ''Endgame, Book One'', pp. 277, 481</ref> During the day most of the 119th continued to support the 157th Tank Brigade to overcome or bypass Romanian strongpoints and other obstacles, with the goal of reaching the towns of Zhirkovskii and Perelazovskii deep in the enemy rear, while the 365th Rifle Regiment, along with the 50th Guards and supporting armor, fought to contain Romanian forces being encircled east of the Tsaritsa River. The 365th seized Hill 208.0, then pushed on eastward with the tanks to the west bank of the river by midday, beginning the process of encircling the [[1st Armored Division (Romania)|1st Romanian Armored Division]] and other Romanian forces to the east. The Romanian tanks attempted to break out southwest to link up with German [[XXXXVIII Panzer Corps]], but were unsuccessful, and lost 25 vehicles in the process.<ref>Glantz, ''Endgame, Book One'', pp. 231-33, 235, 244</ref>
The following day, Colonel Danilov "[[Castling|castled]]" his regiments southwards along the Tsaritsa, then attacked eastwards against the remnants of the Romanian armor, advancing up to 5km. The goal was to link up with the [[277th Rifle Division]] of [[21st Army (Soviet Union)|21st Army]] and complete the encirclement of the remaining eastern forces of [[Third Army (Romania)|Romanian Third Army]], now known as Group Lascar. At 2000 hrs. the leading elements of the two rifle divisions joined hands west of Verkhne-Cherenskii, completing the first major encirclement of Axis forces in Operation Uranus. Early on November 22 the division joined with the 50th Guards, 216th Tank Brigade, and one regiment of the [[346th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|346th Rifle Division]] to attack Group Lascar's defenses along and east of the Tsaritsa. The division attacked eastward and northeastward, captured Korotkovskii, and then got into a fight to capture Zhirkovskii against strong resistance. At this point the 1st Romanian Armored made an attempt to break out of the pocket, with roughly 20 [[Panzer 35(t)|R-2 tanks]] and 220 trucks and other vehicles. This force pushed through the 119th's defenses, after which it fought a running battle with Soviet cavalry and tanks to the rear. The division's forces ignored the breakout as best they could, before lunging with the 50th Guards east towards the town of Golovskii, 10km to the east, which was the headquarters of Group Lascar. While the Romanian group made plans to break out, in defiance of orders from the German high command, the two Soviet divisions engaged the Romanian [[6th Infantry Division (Romania)|6th Infantry Division]] in a running fight that lasted from 1600 to 2100 hrs., while Group Lascar was also being severely pressed by 21st Army. Golovskii fell to 50th Guards at 2100 hrs., completely disrupting the Romanian command.<ref>Glantz, ''Endgame, Book One'', pp. 277-79, 306, 309-11</ref>
November 23 saw the rifle forces of 5th Tank Army attempting to destroy the encircled Romanian group. The 119th captured the Romanian strongpoint at Zhirkovskii early in the morning, then dispatched one of its rifle regiments southward to intercept a Romanian column from escaping, while the remaining regiments drove eastwards into the center of the shrinking pocket. These captured Verkhne-Cherenskii at 1400 hrs. and linked up with the [[333rd Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|333rd Rifle Division]] of 21st Army. At the same time, the left-flank regiment joined hands with that Army's [[96th Rifle Division|96th]] and [[63rd Rifle Division|63rd Rifle Divisions]], further sub-dividing the pocket. Overnight many Romanians were taken prisoner, including General Lascar. It fell to Brig. Gen. Trajan Stanescu, Lascar's deputy, to seek a formal surrender of Third Army, which went into effect at 0230 hrs. on November 24. The remaining Romanians surrendered over the next 12 hours, a total of 27,000 officers and men, including 5,000 from the escaping column intercepted by the regiment of the 119th and other Soviet forces. Following this, the division got a brief rest while it prepared to exploit to the [[Oblivskaya]] area on the [[Chir River]].<ref>Glantz, ''Endgame, Book One'', pp. 346-47, 393-94</ref>
====Battle for Surovikino====
On November 25 the 119th was tasked with the liberation of [[Surovikino]], relieving 1st Tank Corps, and then with a drive across the lower Chir. This town proved a tough nut to crack, and the German defenders were still holding out in the evening of November 27, when the division was joined by the 333rd Rifle. 24 hours later Surovikino continued to hold out. On the morning of the 30th the division penetrated into the town's northern outskirts, where it entered into street fighting with the defenders of composite Group Schmidt, while the 333rd carved out a bridgehead over the Chir to the east.<ref>Glantz, ''Endgame, Book One'', pp. 426-47, 475, 478, 481</ref> The fighting for Surovikino continued through the first three days of December, while 5th Tank Army prepared for a new offensive towards [[Tormosin]], based from the 333rd's bridgehead. The goal of the offensive was to disrupt any German offensive from the lower Chir to relieve their forces surrounded at Stalingrad; the 119th's goal was to complete the liberation of Surovikino and then to attack across the river with two regiments, along with two regiments of the [[321st Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|321st Rifle Division]]. When the offensive began on December 9, the advance battalions of the two divisions encountered intense small arms and artillery fire from a very mixed group of Axis forces that forced them to go to ground. The full offensive was then postponed to the next day.<ref>Glantz, ''Endgame at Stalingrad, Book Two'', University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2014, pp. 42, 46-47, 60-62</ref>
The sporadic fighting for Surovikino continued over the next several days. Finally, owing to the expansion of Soviet bridgeheads over the Chir to the east and west, despite the efforts of [[11th Panzer Division]] to throw them back, the German position in the town became untenable, and it was evacuated overnight on December 14–15, with the 119th taking possession. As a result of this success and those earlier in the campaign, the division was one of the first of the Stalingrad divisions raised to Guards status, becoming the [[54th Guards Rifle Division]] on December 16.<ref>Glantz, ''Endgame, Book Two'', pp. 68, 71, 83, 247</ref><ref>Sharp, ''"Red Swarm"'', pp. 44-45</ref>
== 3rd Formation ==
The final 119th Rifle Division began forming at [[Aleksin]] in the Moscow Military District, based on the 161st Rifle Brigade, in March 1943.
===161st Rifle Brigade===
This rifle brigade was formed in February - March 1942 in the Moscow Military District.<ref>Dunn, Jr., ''Stalin's Keys'', p. 109</ref> It was immediately assigned to the [[Moscow Defence Zone]]. In April it was moved to the [[11th Army (Soviet Union)|11th Army]] in Northwestern Front, on the north flank of the Soviet forces besieging the [[Demyansk Pocket]]. It was moved to [[34th Army (Soviet Union)|34th Army]] during this battle, and was there when the German forces evacuated in February 1943. Following this, the brigade became part of the [[12th Guards Rifle Corps]] in the [[27th Army (Soviet Union)|27th Army]] in the area of [[Staraya Russa]]. In April the brigade was moved back to the Moscow Military District for rebuilding.<ref>Sharp, ''"Red Volunteers"'', p. 69</ref>
===Into Belarus and the Baltic States===
The division completed forming on April 19, when it was assigned to 3rd Reserve Army in the Reserve of the Supreme High Command. The order of battle remained the same as that of the second formation. It was under the command of Col. Ivan Dmitrievich Panov, but he was replaced on July 27 by Maj. Gen. Iosif Ivanovich Khorun. The division was assigned to [[21st Army (Soviet Union)|21st Army]] in Western Front before the [[Battle of Smolensk (1943)|Smolensk Offensive Operation]] in August, and two months later reassigned to [[60th Rifle Corps]] in Kalinin Front reserves.<ref>Glantz, ''Battle for Belorussia'', University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2016, pp. 26, 37</ref> Shortly thereafter this Front was renamed [[1st Baltic Front|1st Baltic]], and the division and its corps became part of [[4th Shock Army]].<ref name="auto1">Sharp, ''"Red Swarm"'', p. 45</ref>
4th Shock began a new offensive on November 2 in the directions of [[Polotsk]] and [[Vitebsk]]. 60th Corps, supported by the 143rd Tank Brigade, struck the defenses of the [[87th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|87th Infantry Division]] and the much-depleted [[2nd Luftwaffe Field Division]] on a 10km-wide front centered 16km south of [[Nevel (town)|Nevel]]. By November 6 the Corps had penetrated the enemy defenses to a depth of about 10km, at which point the [[2nd Guards Rifle Corps]] was committed into the sector from the second echelon, with the mission "to widen the mouth to the south and destroy the defending enemy". Once a breakthrough was achieved, 4th Shock regrouped its forces to exploit; the 119th and the [[357th Rifle Division|357th Rifle Divisions]] were sent southwestwards towards Polotsk. Third Panzer Army's IX Army Corps scrambled to assemble several small combat groups to block the advance in this direction. By November 20 the division was on both sides of the Nevel - Polotsk railway in the area near [[Dretun]], just 26km short of its objective, brought to a halt by an unexpected thaw and the resistance of German Group von Gottberg and the [[211th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|211th Infantry Division]]. Due to the extended front held by 4th Shock, 60th Corps held these general positions into the new year.<ref>Glantz, ''Belorussia'', pp. 130-33, 140, 217, 280</ref>
In February 1944, the 119th was moved to [[83rd Rifle Corps]], where it remained for the duration of the war. Apart from a short reassignment to [[1st Shock Army]] in March, the division was in 4th Shock Army until January 1945. At the start of the Soviet summer offensive the division was facing the German [[Panther–Wotan line|Panther Line]] defenses on the Drissa River, north of Polotsk. On July 18, following the breakthrough of these defenses and the exploitation to the west, General Khorun handed command of the division to Col. Ivan Mikhailovich Toropchin. By the beginning of August 4 Shock had reached the eastern outskirts of [[Daugavpils]] in Latvia. The advance continued until by mid-September it had arrived in the area of [[Biržai]] in northern Lithuania.<ref>The Gamers, ''Baltic Gap'', Multi-Man Publishing, Inc., Millersville, MD, 2009, pp. 9, 22, 29</ref> The 119th's final change of command took place on October 18, when Colonel Toropchin was replaced by Col. Mikhail Lavrentevich Dudarenko. On October 22, the division was awarded the [[Order of Suvorov]], 2nd Class, for its services in the liberation of [[Riga]].{{Sfn|Affairs Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union|1967|p=517}} In the new year the division and its corps were shifted to [[42nd Army (Soviet Union)|42nd Army]] in [[2nd Baltic Front]], then to [[10th Guards Army]] on the coast of the Baltic in March, guarding the cut-off German forces in the [[Courland Pocket]]. In mid-April the 83rd Corps went into the Reserve of the Supreme High Command in the [[22nd Army (Russia)|22nd Army]], ending the war out of the front lines.<ref name="auto1"/>
It appears the entire 83rd Rifle Corps, including the 119th Rifle Division, was disbanded in the Odessa Military District in 1945-46.<ref>V.I. Feskov et al. 2013, 489.</ref>
==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|2}}
===Bibliography===
*{{Cite book|title=Командование корпусного и дивизионного звена советских вооруженных сил периода Великой Отечественной войны 1941 – 1945 гг.|last=Main Personnel Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union|publisher=Frunze Military Academy|year=1964|location=Moscow|language=ru|trans-title=Commanders of Corps and Divisions in the Great Patriotic War, 1941{{endash}}1945|page=157-58|ref=none}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://cloud.mail.ru/public/1336025b4bbd/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%201%20(1920-1944).pdf|title=Сборник приказов РВСР, РВС СССР, НКО и Указов Президиума Верховного Совета СССР о награждении орденами СССР частей, соединениий и учреждений ВС СССР. Часть I. 1920 - 1944 гг.|last=Affairs Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Soviet Union|year=1967|location=Moscow|language=ru|trans-title=Collection of orders of the RVSR, RVS USSR and NKO on awarding orders to units, formations and establishments of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Part I. 1920–1944|access-date=November 20, 2018|archive-date=March 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327003401/https://cloud.mail.ru/public/1336025b4bbd/%25D0%25A7%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%258C%25201%2520(1920-1944).pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite book|title=Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской|last1=Feskov|first1=V.I.|last2=Golikov|first2=V.I.|last3=Kalashnikov|first3=K.A.|last4=Slugin|first4=S.A.|publisher=Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing|year=2013|isbn=9785895035306|location=Tomsk|language=ru|trans-title=The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces}}
==External links==
*[http://www.generals.dk/general/Berezin/Aleksandr_Dmitrievich/Soviet_Union.html Aleksandr Dmitrievich Berezin]
*[http://www.generals.dk/general/Kulagin/Ivan_Iakovlevich/Soviet_Union.html Ivan Yakovlevich Kulagin]
*[http://www.generals.dk/general/Danilov/Mikhail_Matveevich/Soviet_Union.html Mikhail Matveevich Danilov]
*[http://www.generals.dk/general/Khorun/Iosif_Ivanovich/Soviet_Union.html Iosif Ivanovich Khorun]
{{Soviet Union divisions before 1945}}
[[Category:Infantry divisions of the Soviet Union in World War II|119]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1939]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1946]]
| 1,249,169,007 |
[{"title": "119th Motor Rifle Division (August 19, 1939 \u2013 April 17, 1940) \u00b7 119th Rifle Division (April 17, 1940 \u2013 March 17, 1942) \u00b7 119th Rifle Division (April 21 \u2013 December 16, 1942) \u00b7 119th Rifle Division (April 19, 1943 - 1946)", "data": {"Active": "1939\u20131946", "Country": "Soviet Union", "Branch": "Red Army", "Type": "Infantry", "Size": "Division", "Engagements": "Winter War \u00b7 Operation Barbarossa \u00b7 Operation Typhoon \u00b7 Battle of Moscow \u00b7 Battles of Rzhev \u00b7 Operation Blue \u00b7 Battle of Stalingrad \u00b7 Operation Uranus \u00b7 Battle of Smolensk (1943) \u00b7 Battle of Nevel (1943) \u00b7 Polotsk\u2013Vitebsk Offensive \u00b7 Operation Bagration \u00b7 Baltic Offensive \u00b7 Riga Offensive (1944) \u00b7 Courland Pocket", "Decorations": "Order of Suvorov (3rd Formation)"}}, {"title": "Commanders", "data": {"Notable \u00b7 commanders": "Maj. Gen. Aleksandr Dmitrievich Berezin \u00b7 Col. Ivan Yakovlevich Kulagin \u00b7 Col. Ivan Dmitrievich Panov \u00b7 Maj. Gen. Iosif Ivanovich Khorun \u00b7 Col. Ivan Mikhailovich Toropchin \u00b7 Col. Mikhail Lavrentevich Dudarenko"}}]
| false |
# 1782 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
A gubernatorial election was held in Massachusetts on April 1, 1782. John Hancock, the incumbent governor, defeated Thomas Cushing, the incumbent lieutenant governor.
## Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| ----------- | ----------- | -------------- | ----- | ------- | ----- |
| | Nonpartisan | John Hancock | 5,855 | 83.83% | −9.31 |
| | Nonpartisan | Thomas Cushing | 1,129 | 16.17% | New |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 6,984 | 100.00% | |
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1782 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
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{{short description|none}}
{{one source|date=October 2023}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1782 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
| country = Massachusetts
| election_date = April 1, 1782
| type = presidential
| previous_year = 1781
| previous_election = 1781 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1783
| next_election = 1783 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
| ongoing = No
| image_size = 150x150px
| image1 = File:John Hancock 1770-crop.jpg
| nominee1 = '''[[John Hancock]]'''
| party1 = Nonpartisan politician
| popular_vote1 = '''5,855'''
| percentage1 = '''83.83%'''
| image2 = File:Thomas Cushing, Member of Continental Congress.jpg
| nominee2 = [[Thomas Cushing]]
| party2 = Nonpartisan politician
| popular_vote2 = 1,129
| percentage2 = 16.17%
| map_image = 1782 Massachusetts gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 250px
| map_caption = County results<br>'''Hancock''': {{legend0|#BF812D|60–70%}} {{legend0|#8C510A|70-80%}} {{legend0|#543005|80–90%}} {{legend0|#382005|90-100%}}<br>'''No Data/Vote''': {{legend0|#808080}}
| title = [[Governor of Massachusetts|Governor]]
| before_party = Nonpartisan politician
| before_election = [[John Hancock]]
| after_party = Nonpartisan politician
| after_election = [[John Hancock]]
}}
A [[Governor (United States)|gubernatorial election]] was held in [[Massachusetts]] on April 1, 1782. [[John Hancock]], the incumbent [[Governor of Massachusetts|governor]], defeated [[Thomas Cushing]], the incumbent [[Lieutenant governor of Massachusetts|lieutenant governor]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dubin |first1=Michael J. |title=United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County |date=2003 |publisher=McFarland |location=Jefferson, N.C. |isbn=0786414391 |page=99 |url=https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesgube0000dubi/page/98/mode/2up}}</ref>
==Results==
{{Election box begin
| title=1782 Massachusetts gubernatorial election<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dubin |first1=Michael J. |title=United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County |date=2003 |publisher=McFarland |location=Jefferson, N.C. |isbn=0786414391 |page=xix |url=https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesgube0000dubi/page/n22/mode/2up}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Nonpartisan politician
|candidate = [[John Hancock]]
|votes = 5,855
|percentage = 83.83%
|change = -9.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Nonpartisan politician
|candidate = [[Thomas Cushing]]
|votes = 1,129
|percentage = 16.17%
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box total
|votes = 6,984
|percentage = 100.00%
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Massachusetts elections}}
[[Category:Massachusetts gubernatorial elections]]
{{Massachusetts-election-stub}}
| 1,271,196,960 |
[{"title": "1782 Massachusetts gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1781": "April 1, 1782 \u00b7 1783 \u2192", "Nominee": "John Hancock \u00b7 Thomas Cushing", "Party": "Nonpartisan \u00b7 Nonpartisan", "Popular vote": "5,855 \u00b7 1,129", "Percentage": "83.83% \u00b7 16.17%", "Governor before election \u00b7 John Hancock \u00b7 Nonpartisan": "Elected Governor \u00b7 John Hancock \u00b7 Nonpartisan"}}]
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# 184 38th Street
184 38th Street, also known as McBride Log House, was a historic log house in the Lawrenceville neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Before its demolition, it was thought to be the oldest log house in any major American city to be used as a residence.
Dating to the 1820s, it was one of the original buildings in Lawrenceville. Several attempts were made by historical groups to restore the building, but such efforts were cost prohibitive. The building continued to be used as a residence until the early 21st century, when it was purchased by a real estate developer. In 2011, the building was demolished.
## Building history
The building was constructed in the 1820s by Henry McBride, who purchased the property directly from Lawrenceville founder William Foster for $250 in 1822. At that time, Lawrenceville consisted of little more than several buildings centered around the Allegheny Arsenal. On September 17, 1862, Catherine Burkhart, a 15-year-old girl who lived in the home with her mother, was killed in an explosion at the Allegheny Arsenal, where she worked assembling munitions for the Union Army.
In May 2007, the building was cited for rotting window frames, deteriorating exterior walls, and crumbling wood under the roof; by December 2007, the building had passed inspection. It was boarded up in 2008 to prevent vandalism and squatters. In April 2011, a real estate agent from the North Hills of Pittsburgh purchased the building for $43,000.
## Specifications
The two story, two family building contained 12 rooms and roughly 3,740 square feet (347 m2) of space. It was constructed using a framing technique. The logs were squared-off, rather than the stereotypical Lincoln Logs-style.
A fire in 2004 exposed the original logs; the extent of the historical significance of the building was not widely known until then. The asphalt siding was then removed from the outside of the building. As of 2011, the clapboards were peeling and showing the original logs underneath.
## Preservation efforts
After the 2004 fire, the Lawrenceville Historical Society began trying to find a way to preserve the building, but the society was unable to raise the necessary funds to purchase the building outright.
In late 2006, the Lawrenceville Historical Society commissioned a study that estimated that the cost to restore the house as a history museum would cost $250,000. Other studies have estimated the cost of restoration at greater than $200,000, not including the purchase price.
The building was placed on the market in November 2008 with an asking price of $79,900. At the time, the property owners, investors in a limited partnership, hoped to find "the right buyer who will treat it with the respect it deserves." In 2008, Lawrenceville United executive director Tony Ceoffe described the dilapidated structure as a "terrible eyesore" and went on to say that neighbors were claiming it attracted vagrants and drug users. The Log House Committee of the Lawrenceville Stakeholders, led by a local architect, made an unsuccessful attempt to purchase and restore the property.
In 2011, Arthur P. Ziegler, Jr., noted preservationist and president of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation, expressed hope that the house could be restored, but expressed doubts about the feasibility, due to the cost.
Following the purchase of the building in 2011, the Lawrenceville Stakeholders expressed fear that the new owner would demolish the building. When contacted by a reporter from the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, the owner indicated that there were no immediate plans for the property. Cochran expressed hope that the new owner would recognize the historic potential of the home and believed that a restored home of this age could be a "gold mine" as a single family residence in Lawrenceville, which was developing into a significant social center of Pittsburgh. Modifications made to the house since its construction, including 1830s cuts through the original logs to create windows, would have complicated any efforts to fully restore the building. Observers, including Carol Peterson, Pittsburgh's pre-eminent house historian, believed that the modifications had their own historical significance and should have been preserved in any restoration effort.
In July, the owner demolished the structure, while attempting to preserve the logs, in case the building could be re-assembled elsewhere.
## Gallery
- The front of 184 38th Street on May 21, 2011.
- A side view of 184 38th Street.
- A back view of the building.
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184 38th Street
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/184_38th_Street
|
2025-02-21T06:12:09Z
|
en
|
Q4554781
| 62,727 |
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox building
| name = 184 38th Street
| image = 184 38th Street Pittsburgh.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption =
| map_type = Pittsburgh#Pennsylvania#USA
| map_caption = Location in [[Pittsburgh]]##Location in [[Pennsylvania]]
| building_type = [[log cabin|log home]]
| architectural_style = [[Vernacular architecture]]
| cost = $43,000 (2011)
| owner =
| location = 38th and Charlotte Streets<br>[[Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)|Lawrenceville, Pittsburgh]]
| coordinates = {{coord|40|28|1.9|N|79|57|54.0|W|display=inline}}
| floor_count = 2
| floor_area = {{convert|3740|sqft|m2}}
| references =
}}
'''184 38th Street''', also known as '''McBride Log House,'''<ref>{{Cite web| title = McBride Log House Meeting| publisher = Lawrenceville Stakeholders| date = 2009-06-13| url = http://lawrencevillestakeholders.wordpress.com/2009/06/13/mcbride-log-house-meeting/| access-date = 2011-05-28}}</ref> was a historic [[log cabin|log house]] in the [[Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)|Lawrenceville]] [[List of Pittsburgh neighborhoods|neighborhood]] of [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]]. Before its demolition, it was thought to be the oldest log house in any major American city to be used as a residence.<ref name=oneill>{{Cite news|last = O'Neill| first = Brian| title = Passions stirred anew for an old log house| newspaper = [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]| date = May 15, 2011| url = http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/11135/1146386-155-0.stm| access-date = 2011-05-28}}</ref>
Dating to the 1820s, it was one of the original buildings in [[Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)|Lawrenceville]]. Several attempts were made by historical groups to restore the building, but such efforts were cost prohibitive. The building continued to be used as a residence until the early 21st century, when it was purchased by a real estate developer. In 2011, the building was demolished.
==Building history==
The building was constructed in the 1820s by Henry McBride, who purchased the property directly from Lawrenceville founder William Foster for $250 in 1822.<ref name=oneill /> At that time, Lawrenceville consisted of little more than several buildings centered around the [[Allegheny Arsenal]]. On September 17, 1862, Catherine Burkhart, a 15-year-old girl who lived in the home with her mother, was killed in an explosion at the Allegheny Arsenal, where she worked assembling munitions for the [[Union Army]].<ref name=oneill />{{#tag:ref|The explosion killed 70 munition workers at the Allegheny Arsenal, mostly young girls; it was the largest civilian death tally of the [[American Civil War]].<ref name=oneill /><ref>{{Cite news | last = Connors| first = Michael | title = The Next Page: The Allegheny Arsenal explosion -- Pittsburgh's Civil War carnage| newspaper = [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]| date = September 12, 2010 | url = http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/10255/1086577-109.stm| access-date = 2011-05-28}}</ref>|group="nb"}}
In May 2007, the building was cited for rotting window frames, deteriorating exterior walls, and crumbling wood under the roof; by December 2007, the building had passed inspection.<ref name=frontier /> It was boarded up in 2008 to prevent vandalism and [[Squatting|squatters]].<ref name=frontier /> In April 2011, a real estate agent from the [[North Hills (Pennsylvania)|North Hills]] of Pittsburgh purchased the building for $43,000.<ref name=oneill />{{#tag:ref|[[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Allegheny County]] [[Tax assessment|assesses]] the property at $13,300.<ref name=assessment />|group="nb"}}
==Specifications==
The two story, [[Duplex (building)|two family building]] contained 12 rooms and roughly {{convert|3740|sqft|m2}} of space.<ref name=assessment>{{Cite web| title = General Information | work =Assessment Property Search | publisher = [[Allegheny County, Pennsylvania|Allegheny County]] Office of Property Assessments| date = May 6, 2011| url = http://www2.county.allegheny.pa.us/RealEstate/GeneralInfo.aspx?ParcelID=0049J00075000000| format = Web Search| access-date = 2011-05-28}} Parcel ID: 0049-J-00075-0000-00</ref> It was constructed using a [[Framing (construction)|framing]] technique. The logs were squared-off, rather than the stereotypical [[Lincoln Logs]]-style.<ref name=oneill />
A fire in 2004 exposed the original logs; the extent of the historical significance of the building was not widely known until then.<ref name=frontier /> The [[siding (construction)#Imitation brick or stone - asphalt siding|asphalt siding]] was then removed from the outside of the building. As of 2011, the [[Clapboard (architecture)|clapboards]] were peeling and showing the original logs underneath.<ref name=oneill />
==Preservation efforts==
After the 2004 fire, the Lawrenceville Historical Society began trying to find a way to preserve the building, but the society was unable to raise the necessary funds to purchase the building outright.<ref name=frontier />
In late 2006, the Lawrenceville Historical Society commissioned a study that estimated that the cost to restore the house as a history museum would cost $250,000. Other studies have estimated the cost of restoration at greater than $200,000, not including the purchase price.<ref name=oneill />
The building was placed on the market in November 2008 with an asking price of $79,900. At the time, the property owners, investors in a [[limited partnership]], hoped to find "the right buyer who will treat it with the respect it deserves." In 2008, [[Lawrenceville United]] executive director Tony Ceoffe described the dilapidated structure as a "terrible eyesore" and went on to say that neighbors were claiming it attracted vagrants and drug users.<ref name=frontier>{{Cite web| last = Pfister| first = Bonnie| title = Lawrenceville log cabin at new frontier| work = [[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]| date = 2008-02-23| url = http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_553864.html| access-date = 2011-05-28| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120302014204/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_553864.html| archive-date = 2012-03-02| url-status = dead}}</ref> The Log House Committee of the Lawrenceville Stakeholders, led by a local architect, made an unsuccessful attempt to purchase and restore the property.<ref name=oneill />
In 2011, [[Arthur P. Ziegler, Jr.]], noted [[Historic preservation|preservation]]ist and president of [[Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation]], expressed hope that the house could be restored, but expressed doubts about the feasibility, due to the cost.<ref name=oneill />
Following the purchase of the building in 2011, the Lawrenceville Stakeholders expressed fear that the new owner would demolish the building. When contacted by a reporter from the ''[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]'', the owner indicated that there were no immediate plans for the property. Cochran expressed hope that the new owner would recognize the historic potential of the home and believed that a restored home of this age could be a "gold mine" as a single family residence in Lawrenceville, which was developing into a significant social center of [[Pittsburgh]]. Modifications made to the house since its construction, including 1830s cuts through the original logs to create windows, would have complicated any efforts to fully restore the building. Observers, including Carol Peterson, Pittsburgh's pre-eminent house historian, believed that the modifications had their own historical significance and should have been preserved in any restoration effort.<ref name=oneill />
In July, the owner demolished the structure, while attempting to preserve the logs, in case the building could be re-assembled elsewhere.<ref>{{Cite news| last = Pitz| first = Marylynne| title = 1822-vintage log house doomed?| newspaper = [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]| date = July 12, 2011| url = http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/11193/1159809-51-0.stm}}</ref>
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:184 38th Street Pittsburgh2.jpg|The front of 184 38th Street on May 21, 2011.
File:184 38th Street Pittsburgh4.jpg|A side view of 184 38th Street.
File:184 38th Street Pittsburgh5.jpg|A back view of the building.
</gallery>
==Notes==
{{Reflist|group="nb"}}
==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Log buildings and structures in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:1820s architecture in the United States]]
[[Category:Houses in Pittsburgh]]
[[Category:History of Pittsburgh]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures demolished in 2011]]
[[Category:Demolished buildings and structures in Pittsburgh]]
[[Category:2011 disestablishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:1820s establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh)]]
| 1,276,864,361 |
[{"title": "General information", "data": {"Type": "log home", "Architectural style": "Vernacular architecture", "Location": "38th and Charlotte Streets \u00b7 Lawrenceville, Pittsburgh", "Coordinates": "40\u00b028\u20321.9\u2033N 79\u00b057\u203254.0\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff40.467194\u00b0N 79.965000\u00b0W", "Cost": "$43,000 (2011)"}}, {"title": "Technical details", "data": {"Floor count": "2", "Floor area": "3,740 square feet (347 m2)"}}]
| false |
# 1928–29 Dundee United F.C. season
The 1928–29 Dundee United F.C. season was the 24th edition of Dundee United F.C. annual football play in Scottish Football League Second Division from 1 July 1928 to 30 June 1929.
## Match results
Dundee United played a total of 44 matches during the 1928–29 season, ranked 1st.
### Legend
| Win |
| Draw |
| Loss |
All results are written with Dundee United's score first.
Own goals in italics
### Second Division
| Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| ----------------- | -------------------- | ----- | ------ | ---------- | ------- |
| 11 August 1928 | Bathgate | A | 4–0 | | |
| 18 August 1928 | Bo'ness | H | 4–1 | 7,000 | |
| 25 August 1928 | Clydebank | A | 1–4 | 5,000 | |
| 1 September 1928 | Dunfermline Athletic | H | 1–0 | 7,000 | |
| 8 September 1928 | St Bernard's | A | 2–2 | 3,000 | |
| 15 September 1928 | East Fife | A | 5–4 | 3,000 | |
| 22 September 1928 | Queen of the South | H | 3–2 | 5,000 | |
| 29 September 1928 | Armadale | A | 2–0 | 1,000 | |
| 1 October 1928 | St Bernard's | H | 3–1 | 2,000 | |
| 6 October 1928 | Greenock Morton | H | 3–0 | 1,000 | |
| 13 October 1928 | Albion Rovers | A | 0–2 | 4,000 | |
| 20 October 1928 | Alloa Athletic | H | 5–0 | 3,000 | |
| 27 October 1928 | King's Park | A | 2–0 | 3,000 | |
| 3 November 1928 | Leith Athletic | H | 5–3 | 2,000 | |
| 10 November 1928 | Stenhousemuir | H | 8–0 | 6,000 | |
| 17 November 1928 | Arthurlie | A | 1–3 | 1,000 | |
| 24 November 1928 | Arbroath | H | 4–3 | 20,000 | |
| 1 December 1928 | Dumbarton | H | 3–1 | 3,000 | |
| 8 December 1928 | Forfar Athletic | A | 1–2 | 3,000 | |
| 15 December 1928 | East Stirlingshire | A | 3–2 | 3,000 | |
| 22 December 1928 | Bo'ness | A | 0–1 | 1,500 | |
| 29 December 1928 | Bathgate | H | 6–1 | 6,000 | |
| 2 January 1929 | King's Park | H | 4–0 | 6,000 | |
| 5 January 1929 | Clydebank | H | 2–1 | 5,000 | |
| 12 January 1929 | Dunfermline Athletic | A | 1–1 | 5,000 | |
| 9 February 1929 | Queen of the South | A | 3–2 | 3,000 | |
| 23 February 1929 | Greenock Morton | A | 0–2 | 10,000 | |
| 27 February 1929 | Armadale | H | 5–0 | 3,000 | |
| 6 March 1929 | Albion Rovers | H | 8–1 | 3,000 | |
| 9 March 1929 | Leith Athletic | A | 2–3 | 4,000 | |
| 16 March 1929 | Stenhousemuir | A | 4–1 | 2,000 | |
| 23 March 1929 | Arthurlie | H | 4–3 | 1,000 | |
| 30 March 1929 | Arbroath | A | 2–1 | 12,092 | |
| 6 April 1929 | Dumbarton | A | 1–1 | 1,000 | |
| 8 April 1929 | East Fife | H | 4–3 | 2,000 | |
| 13 April 1929 | Alloa Athletic | A | 0–3 | 2,000 | |
| 20 April 1929 | Forfar Athletic | H | 0–1 | 8,000 | |
| 27 April 1929 | East Stirlingshire | H | 3–1 | 5,000 | |
### Scottish Cup
| Date | Rd | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| ---------------- | ---- | --------------- | ----- | ------ | ---------- | ------- |
| 19 January 1929 | R1 | Greenock Morton | H | 3–1 | 15,000 | |
| 2 February 1929 | R2 | Stenhousemuir | A | 1–1 | 3,700 | |
| 6 February 1929 | R2 R | Stenhousemuir | H | 2–0 | 8,800 | |
| 16 February 1929 | R3 | Dundee | A | 1–1 | 24,000 | |
| 20 February 1929 | R3 R | Dundee | H | 1–0 | 14,000 | |
| 2 March 1929 | R4 | Rangers | A | 1–3 | 49,000 | |
|
enwiki/55327589
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enwiki
| 55,327,589 |
1928–29 Dundee United F.C. season
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928%E2%80%9329_Dundee_United_F.C._season
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2024-08-18T02:25:08Z
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en
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Q42887822
| 86,781 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Football club season
| club = [[Dundee United F.C.|Dundee United]]
| season = 1928–29
| manager = [[Jimmy Brownlie]]
| chairman =
| league = [[Scottish Football League Second Division]]
| league result = 1st <br />W24 D3 L9 F99 A55 P51
| cup1 = [[Scottish Cup]]| cup1 result = Round 4
| league topscorer =
| season topscorer =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| prevseason = [[1927–28 Dundee United F.C. season|1927–28]]
| nextseason = [[1929–30 Dundee United F.C. season|1929–30]]
}}
The '''1928–29 Dundee United F.C. season''' was the 24th edition of [[Dundee United F.C.]] annual [[football (soccer)|football]] play in [[Scottish Football League Second Division]] from 1 July 1928 to 30 June 1929.
==Match results==
Dundee United played a total of 44 matches during the 1928–29 season, ranked 1st.<ref name="results">{{cite web|url=http://www.arabarchive.co.uk/matches.php?|title=Match results 1928/1929|work=Arab Archive|accessdate=20 August 2013}}</ref>
===Legend===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|<small>Win</small>
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|<small>Draw</small>
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|<small>Loss</small>
|}
All results are written with Dundee United's score first.
Own goals in italics
===Second Division===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center"
|-
!Date!!Opponent!!Venue!!Result!!Attendance!!Scorers
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|11 August 1928||[[Bathgate F.C.|Bathgate]]||[[Mill Park, Bathgate|A]]||4–0||||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|18 August 1928||[[Bo'ness F.C.|Bo'ness]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||4–1||7,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|25 August 1928||[[Clydebank F.C. (1914)|Clydebank]]||[[Clydeholm Park|A]]||1–4||5,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|1 September 1928||[[Dunfermline Athletic F.C.|Dunfermline Athletic]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||1–0||7,000||
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|8 September 1928||[[St Bernard's F.C.|St Bernard's]]||[[Royal Gymnasium Ground|A]]||2–2||3,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|15 September 1928||[[East Fife F.C.|East Fife]]||[[Bayview Park, Methil|A]]||5–4||3,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|22 September 1928||[[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen of the South]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||3–2||5,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|29 September 1928||[[Armadale F.C.|Armadale]]||[[Volunteer Park, Armadale|A]]||2–0||1,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|1 October 1928||[[St Bernard's F.C.|St Bernard's]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||3–1||2,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|6 October 1928||[[Greenock Morton F.C.|Greenock Morton]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||3–0||1,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|13 October 1928||[[Albion Rovers F.C.|Albion Rovers]]||[[Cliftonhill|A]]||0–2||4,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|20 October 1928||[[Alloa Athletic F.C.|Alloa Athletic]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||5–0||3,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|27 October 1928||[[King's Park F.C.|King's Park]]||[[Forthbank Park|A]]||2–0||3,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|3 November 1928||[[Leith Athletic F.C.|Leith Athletic]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||5–3||2,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|10 November 1928||[[Stenhousemuir F.C.|Stenhousemuir]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||8–0||6,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|17 November 1928||[[Arthurlie F.C.|Arthurlie]]||[[Dunterlie Park|A]]||1–3||1,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|24 November 1928||[[Arbroath F.C.|Arbroath]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||4–3||20,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|1 December 1928||[[Dumbarton F.C.|Dumbarton]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||3–1||3,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|8 December 1928||[[Forfar Athletic F.C.|Forfar Athletic]]||[[Station Park, Forfar|A]]||1–2||3,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|15 December 1928||[[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]||[[Firs Park|A]]||3–2||3,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|22 December 1928||[[Bo'ness F.C.|Bo'ness]]||[[Newton Park|A]]||0–1||1,500||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|29 December 1928||[[Bathgate F.C.|Bathgate]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||6–1||6,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|2 January 1929||[[King's Park F.C.|King's Park]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||4–0||6,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|5 January 1929||[[Clydebank F.C. (1914)|Clydebank]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||2–1||5,000||
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|12 January 1929||[[Dunfermline Athletic F.C.|Dunfermline Athletic]]||[[East End Park|A]]||1–1||5,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|9 February 1929||[[Queen of the South F.C.|Queen of the South]]||[[Palmerston Park|A]]||3–2||3,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|23 February 1929||[[Greenock Morton F.C.|Greenock Morton]]||[[Cappielow Park|A]]||0–2||10,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|27 February 1929||[[Armadale F.C.|Armadale]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||5–0||3,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|6 March 1929||[[Albion Rovers F.C.|Albion Rovers]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||8–1||3,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|9 March 1929||[[Leith Athletic F.C.|Leith Athletic]]||[[Marine Gardens|A]]||2–3||4,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|16 March 1929||[[Stenhousemuir F.C.|Stenhousemuir]]||[[Ochilview Park|A]]||4–1||2,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|23 March 1929||[[Arthurlie F.C.|Arthurlie]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||4–3||1,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|30 March 1929||[[Arbroath F.C.|Arbroath]]||[[Gayfield Park|A]]||2–1||12,092||
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|6 April 1929||[[Dumbarton F.C.|Dumbarton]]||[[Boghead Park|A]]||1–1||1,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|8 April 1929||[[East Fife F.C.|East Fife]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]|||4–3||2,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|13 April 1929||[[Alloa Athletic F.C.|Alloa Athletic]]||[[Recreation Park, Alloa|A]]||0–3||2,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|20 April 1929||[[Forfar Athletic F.C.|Forfar Athletic]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||0–1||8,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|27 April 1929||[[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]|||3–1||5,000||
|}
===Scottish Cup===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center"
|-
!Date!!Rd!!Opponent!!Venue!!Result!!Attendance!!Scorers
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|19 January 1929||R1||[[Greenock Morton F.C.|Greenock Morton]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||3–1||15,000||
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|2 February 1929||R2||[[Stenhousemuir F.C.|Stenhousemuir]]||[[Ochilview Park|A]]||1–1||3,700||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|6 February 1929||R2 R||[[Stenhousemuir F.C.|Stenhousemuir]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||2–0||8,800||
|- bgcolor = "#f3f3f3"
|16 February 1929||R3||[[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]]||[[Dens Park|A]]||1–1||24,000||
|- bgcolor = "#d0ffe3"
|20 February 1929||R3 R||[[Dundee F.C.|Dundee]]||[[Tannadice Park|H]]||1–0||14,000||
|- bgcolor = "#ffd0e3"
|2 March 1929||R4||[[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]||[[Ibrox Park|A]]||1–3||49,000||
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Dundee United F.C.}}
{{Dundee United F.C. seasons}}
{{1928–29 in Scottish football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1928-29 Dundee United F.C. season}}
[[Category:Dundee United F.C. seasons]]
[[Category:Scottish football clubs 1928–29 season|Dundee United]]
{{Scotland-season-footyclub-stub}}
{{Dundee-stub}}
| 1,240,893,755 |
[{"title": "Dundee United", "data": {"Manager": "Jimmy Brownlie", "Scottish Football League Second Division": "1st \u00b7 W24 D3 L9 F99 A55 P51", "Scottish Cup": "Round 4"}}]
| false |
# 1909–10 Montreal Canadiens season
The 1909–10 Montreal Canadiens season was the team's inaugural season and also the first season of the National Hockey Association (NHA). The 1910 Montreal Canadiens operated as 'Les Canadiens' and were owned by Ambrose O'Brien of Renfrew, Ontario, as one of four franchises he owned in the NHA. After the season, the franchise was suspended and a NHA franchise was sold to George Kennedy. All of the players of 'Les Canadiens' went to Kennedy's organization.
## Founding
After the Canadian Hockey Association (CHA) turned down Ambrose O'Brien's Renfrew Creamery Kings application for membership on November 25, 1909, O'Brien, along with Jimmy Gardner of the (also rejected) Montreal Wanderers organized the new National Hockey Association. The Wanderers desired a competitor team based in Montreal and Gardner suggested a team of francophone players to O'Brien to play on the rivalry between francophones and anglophones in Montreal. Gardner suggested that it be named 'Les Canadiens.'
The new team was founded at the new NHA's meeting on December 4, 1909. O'Brien put up $5000 security for the new franchise on the "condition that it would be transferred to Montreal French sportsmen as soon as practicable." Jack Laviolette was hired to organize the new team, its official name Le Club de Hockey Le Canadien.
Laviolette was given free rein by the NHA owners to sign all francophone players. The others would not sign any until the Canadien team was set. His first signing was his old friend Didier "Cannonball" Pitre. Pitre was working in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, when he received a telegram from Laviolette outlining the team and to come to Montreal. At the train in North Bay, Ontario, Pitre was met by an official of the CHA's Montreal Le National, who signed him on the spot for $1100, however Pitre had thought he was signing a contract with Laviolette. When Pitre arrived in Ottawa, Laviolette was there to meet him. Laviolette explained that it was the other French-Canadian team that Laviolette was managing. Pitre signed with Laviolette for a guaranteed $1700. Before the first game, legal action was initiated by the Nationals and an injunction was only lifted on the day of the first Canadien game. Laviolette's other signings went much more easily. Newsy Lalonde signed on December 14 and he reported the next day to complete the roster.
When the CHA folded in January 1910, the franchise was offered by O'Brien to Le National but they declined to purchase the franchise. The Nationals turned down the offer, not willing to take on the contract to play in the Jubilee Rink, the cost of the player contracts of $6200 and debts of $1400. Le National, an established organization of some 14 years, instead folded their team.
## Regular season
The team had a record of 2–10–0 to finish last in the league. The team's first game was a win against Cobalt at home 7–6 in overtime, on January 5, 1910. The result was nullified when the NHA absorbed the CHA teams and created a new schedule. Cobalt later defeated Les Canadiens at Montreal 6–4. The team's first official win took place on February 7, 1910, against the Haileybury Hockey Club. The team did not win a game away from its home rink.
### Final standings
| | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA |
| ---------------------- | -- | -- | -- | - | -- | --- |
| Montreal Wanderers | 12 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 91 | 41 |
| Ottawa Hockey Club | 12 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 89 | 66 |
| Renfrew Creamery Kings | 12 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 96 | 54 |
| Cobalt Silver Kings | 12 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 79 | 104 |
| Haileybury Hockey Club | 12 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 77 | 83 |
| Montreal Shamrocks | 12 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 52 | 95 |
| Les Canadiens | 12 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 59 | 100 |
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against
## Schedule and results
| Month | Day | Visitor | Score | Home | Score |
| ----- | --- | ---------- | ----- | ---------- | ---------------- |
| Jan. | 5 | Cobalt | 6 | Canadiens | 7 (5'35" over.)† |
| Jan. | 19 | Canadiens | 4 | Renfrew | 9 |
| Jan. | 22 | Canadiens | 4 | Ottawa | 6 |
| Jan. | 26 | Ottawa | 8 | Canadiens | 4 |
| Feb. | 2 | Canadiens | 3 | Shamrocks | 8 |
| Feb. | 7 | Haileybury | 5 | Canadiens | 9 |
| Feb. | 12 | Wanderers | 9 | Canadiens | 4 |
| Feb. | 15 | Renfrew | 8 | Canadiens | 6 |
| Feb. | 24 | Canadiens | 7 | Cobalt | 11 |
| Feb. | 26 | Canadiens | 3 | Haileybury | 15 |
| Mar. | 5 | Cobalt | 6 | Canadiens | 4 |
| Mar. | 9 | Canadiens | 6 | Wanderers | 11 |
| Mar. | 11 | Shamrocks | 4 | Canadiens | 5 (12' over.) |
† Games played before January 15, which were played before the CHA teams joined
were not counted against the final standings.
## Playoffs
The team did not qualify for playoffs.
|
enwiki/16753885
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enwiki
| 16,753,885 |
1909–10 Montreal Canadiens season
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1909%E2%80%9310_Montreal_Canadiens_season
|
2024-10-11T15:24:41Z
|
en
|
Q3464776
| 83,772 |
{{Short description|NHA team season (inaugural season)}}
{{MontrealCanadiensSeason|
Season=1909–10|year=1909|
League=NHA|
LeagueRank=7th|
Record=2–10–0|
HomeRecord=2–4–0|
RoadRecord=0–6–0|
GeneralManager=[[Jack Laviolette]]|
Coach=[[Joseph Cattarinich]] and [[Jack Laviolette]]|
Captain=[[Newsy Lalonde]]|
Arena=[[Jubilee Rink]]|
GAALeader=[[Joseph Cattarinich]] (7.7)|
GoalsLeader=[[Newsy Lalonde]] (38)|
GoalsFor=59|
GoalsAgainst=100|
Team=Montreal Canadiens|}}
The '''1909–10 Montreal Canadiens season''' was the team's inaugural [[Season (sports)|season]] and also the first season of the [[National Hockey Association]] (NHA). The 1910 Montreal Canadiens operated as 'Les Canadiens' and were owned by Ambrose O'Brien of [[Renfrew, Ontario]], as one of four franchises he owned in the NHA. After the season, the franchise was suspended and a NHA franchise was sold to George Kennedy. All of the players of 'Les Canadiens' went to Kennedy's organization.
==Founding==
[[File:1909-10 Canadiens Team Picture.jpg|thumb|left|The first team picture]]
After the [[Canadian Hockey Association (1909–1910)|Canadian Hockey Association]] (CHA) turned down [[Ambrose O'Brien]]'s [[Renfrew Creamery Kings]] application for membership on November 25, 1909, O'Brien, along with [[Jimmy Gardner (ice hockey)|Jimmy Gardner]] of the (also rejected) [[Montreal Wanderers]] organized the new National Hockey Association. The Wanderers desired a competitor team based in Montreal and Gardner suggested a team of francophone players to O'Brien to play on the rivalry between francophones and anglophones in Montreal. Gardner suggested that it be named 'Les Canadiens.'<ref>Jenish, p. 10</ref>
The new team was founded at the new NHA's meeting on December 4, 1909. O'Brien put up $5000 security for the new franchise<ref name="jenish11">Jenish, p. 11</ref> on the "condition that it would be transferred to Montreal French sportsmen as soon as practicable."<ref>Coleman, p. 179</ref> [[Jack Laviolette]] was hired to organize the new team, its official name ''Le Club de Hockey Le Canadien''.<ref name="jenish11"/>
Laviolette was given free rein by the NHA owners to sign all francophone players. The others would not sign any until the Canadien team was set. His first signing was his old friend [[Didier Pitre|Didier "Cannonball" Pitre]]. Pitre was working in [[Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario]], when he received a telegram from Laviolette outlining the team and to come to Montreal. At the train in [[North Bay, Ontario]], Pitre was met by an official of the CHA's [[Montreal Le National]], who signed him on the spot for $1100, however Pitre had thought he was signing a contract with Laviolette. When Pitre arrived in Ottawa, Laviolette was there to meet him. Laviolette explained that it was the other French-Canadian team that Laviolette was managing. Pitre signed with Laviolette for a guaranteed $1700. Before the first game, legal action was initiated by the Nationals and an injunction was only lifted on the day of the first Canadien game.<ref>Jenish, pp. 15–16</ref> Laviolette's other signings went much more easily. [[Newsy Lalonde]] signed on December 14 and he reported the next day to complete the roster.
When the CHA folded in January 1910, the franchise was offered by O'Brien to Le National but they declined to purchase the franchise.<ref>McFarlane(1996), pg. 6</ref> The Nationals turned down the offer, not willing to take on the contract to play in the Jubilee Rink, the cost of the player contracts of $6200 and debts of $1400.<ref>Jenish, p. 19-20</ref> Le National, an established organization of some 14 years, instead folded their team.<ref>Coleman, p. 180</ref>
==Regular season==
The team had a record of 2–10–0 to finish last in the league. The team's first game was a win against Cobalt at home 7–6 in overtime, on January 5, 1910. The result was nullified when the NHA absorbed the CHA teams and created a new schedule. Cobalt later defeated Les Canadiens at Montreal 6–4. The team's first official win took place on February 7, 1910, against the [[Haileybury Hockey Club]]. The team did not win a game away from its home rink.
===Final standings===
{{1909–10 NHA standings|team=CAN}}
==Schedule and results==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Month
! Day
! Visitor
! Score
! Home
! Score
|-
|rowspan=4 valign=top| Jan.
|| 5 || Cobalt || 6 || Canadiens || 7 (5'35" over.)†
|-
| 19 || Canadiens || 4 || Renfrew || 9
|-
| 22 || Canadiens || 4 || Ottawa || 6
|-
| 26 || Ottawa || 8 || Canadiens || 4
|-
|rowspan=6 valign=top| Feb.
|| 2 || Canadiens || 3 || Shamrocks || 8
|-
| 7 || Haileybury || 5 || Canadiens || 9
|-
| 12 || Wanderers || 9 || Canadiens || 4
|-
| 15 || Renfrew || 8 || Canadiens || 6
|-
| 24 || Canadiens || 7 || Cobalt || 11
|-
| 26 || Canadiens || 3 || Haileybury || 15
|-
|rowspan=3 valign=top| Mar.
|| 5 || Cobalt || 6 || Canadiens || 4
|-
| 9 || Canadiens || 6 || Wanderers || 11
|-
| 11 || Shamrocks || 4 || Canadiens || 5 (12' over.)
|-
|}
† Games played before January 15, which were played before the CHA teams joined
were not counted against the final standings.
==Playoffs==
The team did not qualify for playoffs.
==See also==
* [[1910 NHA season]]
* [[History of the Montreal Canadiens]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
*{{cite book |title=The Trail of the Stanley Cup, vol.1 1893–1926 inc. |last=Coleman |first=Charles L. |year=1966}}
* {{cite book |title=The Montreal Canadiens: 100 Years of Glory |last=Jenish |first=D'Arcy |year=2008|publisher=Doubleday Canada |location=Toronto, Ontario |isbn=978-0-385-66324-3}}
*{{cite book |title=The Habs |last=McFarlane |first=Brian |year=1996 |publisher=Stoddart Publishing |location=Toronto |isbn=0-7737-2981-X}}
*{{cite book|title=Les Canadiens: the story of the Montreal Canadiens |last=O'Brien |first=Andy |year=1971 |publisher=McGraw Hill Ryerson |isbn=0-07-092950-5 |location=Toronto, New York}}
==External links==
* {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20130102122307/http://slam.canoe.ca/HockeyMontrealArchive/jan5_hab.html Slam report on first game]}}
{{Montreal Canadiens}}
{{Montreal Canadiens seasons}}
{{1910 NHA season by team}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1909-10 Montreal Canadiens season}}
[[Category:Montreal Canadiens seasons]]
[[Category:1909–10 in Canadian ice hockey by team|Montreal Canadiens]]
[[Category:1910 NHA season|Mon]]
[[Category:1909 in Quebec]]
[[Category:1910 in Quebec]]
[[Category:1910s in Montreal]]
| 1,250,631,278 |
[{"title": "1909\u201310 Montreal Canadiens", "data": {"League": "7th NHA", "1909\u201310 record": "2\u201310\u20130", "Home record": "2\u20134\u20130", "Road record": "0\u20136\u20130", "Goals for": "59", "Goals against": "100"}}, {"title": "Team information", "data": {"General manager": "Jack Laviolette", "Coach": "Joseph Cattarinich and Jack Laviolette", "Captain": "Newsy Lalonde", "Arena": "Jubilee Rink"}}, {"title": "Team leaders", "data": {"Goals": "Newsy Lalonde (38)", "Goals against average": "Joseph Cattarinich (7.7)"}}]
| false |
# 12th Tamil Nadu Assembly
Twelfth Assembly of Tamil Nadu was instituted after the victory of AIADMK and allies, in the 2001 state assembly election. O. Panneerselvam officially became the 13th and J. Jayalalithaa became the 14th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu due to the election. Even though Jayalalithaa was the Chief Minister between 14 May and 21 September 2001, the Supreme Court of India, declared that she did not legally hold the post, due to corruption charges from her previous Chief ministership.
## Overview
| Department | Minister |
| -------------------- | -------------- |
| Speaker | K. Kalimuthu |
| Deputy Speaker | A. Arunachalam |
| Leader of the House | C. Ponnaiyan |
| Leader of Opposition | K. Anbazhagan |
## Chief Ministers
| Chief Minister | | Took office | Left office | Term |
| ---------------- | | ----------------- | ----------------- | ---------- |
| J. Jayalalithaa | | 14 May 2001 | 21 September 2001 | 130 days |
| O. Panneerselvam | | 21 September 2001 | 2 March 2002 | 162 days |
| J. Jayalalithaa | | 2 March 2002 | 12 May 2006 | 1,532 days |
## Council of Ministers
| Department | Minister |
| --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Chief Minister | O. Panneerselvam (21 September 2001 – 2 March 2002) J. Jayalalithaa (14 May 2001 – 21 September 2001) (2 March 2002 – 12 May 2006) |
| Deputy Chief Minister | None |
| Finance and Law | C. Ponnaiyan |
| Public Accounts | S. R. Balasubramoniyan |
| Public Undertakings | R. Jeevanantham M. C. Sampath |
|
enwiki/24258958
|
enwiki
| 24,258,958 |
12th Tamil Nadu Assembly
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_Tamil_Nadu_Assembly
|
2025-01-01T06:16:24Z
|
en
|
Q7857548
| 24,324 |
{{Unreferenced|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox legislative term
| name = Twelfth Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu
| image = TamilNadu Logo.svg
| body = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| meeting_place = [[Fort St. George, India|Fort St. George]], [[Chennai]]
| election = [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]
| government = [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
| opposition = [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| term_start = {{Start date|2001|05|14|df=y}}
| term_end = {{End date|2006|05|12|df=y}}
| before = [[11th Tamil Nadu Assembly]]
| after = [[13th Tamil Nadu Assembly]]
| website = [http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/ Official website]
| chamber1 =
| chamber1_image =
| chamber1_image_size =
| chamber1_alt =
| membership1 = 235
| control1 = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| chamber1_leader1_type = [[List of speakers of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| chamber1_leader1 = [[K. Kalimuthu]]
| chamber1_leader2_type = Deputy Speaker
| chamber1_leader2 = [[A. Arunachalam]]
| chamber1_leader3_type = [[List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]]
| chamber1_leader3 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| chamber1_leader4_type =
| chamber1_leader4 =
| chamber1_leader5_type = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]]
| chamber1_leader5 = [[K. Anbazhagan]]
| session1_start =
| session1_end =
}}
'''Twelfth Assembly''' of [[Tamil Nadu]] was instituted after the victory of [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK and allies]], in the [[2001 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2001 state assembly election]]. [[O. Panneerselvam]] officially became the 13th and [[J. Jayalalithaa]] became the 14th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu due to the election. Even though Jayalalithaa was the Chief Minister between 14 May and 21 September 2001, the Supreme Court of India, declared that she did not legally hold the post, due to corruption charges from her previous Chief ministership.
== Overview ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Department
! Minister
|----
|Speaker
|[[K. Kalimuthu]]
|----
|Deputy Speaker
|[[A. Arunachalam]]
|----
|Leader of the House
|[[C. Ponnaiyan]]
|----
|Leader of Opposition
|[[K. Anbazhagan]]
|}
== Chief Ministers ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Chief Minister
!
!Took office
!Left office
!Term
|-
|[[J. Jayalalithaa]]
|[[File:J_Jayalalithaa.jpg|85px]]
|14 May 2001
|21 September 2001
|{{Age in days|14 May 2001|21 September 2001}} days
|-
|[[O. Panneerselvam]]
|[[File:O. Panneerselvam.jpg|85px]]
|21 September 2001
|2 March 2002
|{{age in days|21 September 2001|2 March 2002}} days
|-
|[[J. Jayalalithaa]]
|[[File:J_Jayalalithaa.jpg|85px]]
|2 March 2002
|12 May 2006
|{{Age in days|2 March 2002|12 May 2006}} days
|}
== Council of Ministers ==
{| width="65%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 2px #DEE8F1 solid; font-size: x-big; font-family: verdana"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Department
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white"|Minister
|----
|Chief Minister
|[[O. Panneerselvam]] (21 September 2001 – 2 March 2002) <br />[[J. Jayalalithaa]] (14 May 2001 – 21 September 2001)<br/>(2 March 2002 – 12 May 2006)
|----
|Deputy Chief Minister
|''None''
|----
|Finance and Law
|[[C. Ponnaiyan]]
|----
|Public Accounts
|S. R. Balasubramoniyan
|----
|Public Undertakings
|[[R. Jeevanantham]]<br />[[M. C. Sampath]]
|----
|}
== See also ==
*[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
*[[Legislature of Tamil Nadu]]
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2001–2006| ]]
[[Category:Terms of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| 1,266,564,863 |
[{"title": "Twelfth Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu", "data": {"\u2190": "11th Tamil Nadu Assembly \u00b7 13th Tamil Nadu Assembly \u00b7 \u2192"}}, {"title": "Overview", "data": {"Legislative body": "Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly", "Meeting place": "Fort St. George, Chennai", "Term": "14 May 2001 \u2013 12 May 2006", "Election": "2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election", "Government": "Government of Tamil Nadu", "Opposition": "Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam", "Website": "Official website", "Members": "235", "Speaker": "K. Kalimuthu", "Deputy Speaker": "A. Arunachalam", "Chief Minister": "J. Jayalalithaa", "Leader of the Opposition": "K. Anbazhagan", "Party control": "All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam"}}]
| false |
# 1759 in Denmark
Events from the year 1759 in Denmark.
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Frederick V[1]
- Prime minister – Johan Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg
## Events
Undated
- Construction of Christian's Church, Copenhagen is completed.
- The settlement of Aasiaat is founded as Egedesminde in Greenland.
- The village of Havredal is founded.
## Births
- 15 January – Jørgen Mandix, judge (died 1835)[2]
- 14 July – Frederik Gottschalk von Haxthausen, Danish military officer and Norway's first minister of finance (died 1825)
- 19 July – Christopher Friedenreich Hage, merchant (died 1849)
- 5 April – Erik Viborg, veterinarian and botanist (died 1822)
- 11 December – Johan David Vogel, businessman and brewer (died 1728)
## Deaths
- 4 April – Christoffer Foltmar, painter and organist (born 1718)
- 9 May – Johan Friederich Wewer, merchant (born 1699)
- 5 September – Lauritz de Thurah, architect (born 1706)
- 6 October – Johann Gottfried Burman Becker, pharmacist, writer and illustrator (died 1860)
- 29 October – Anne Dorthe Lund, actress (date of birth unknown)
|
enwiki/32146770
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enwiki
| 32,146,770 |
1759 in Denmark
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1759_in_Denmark
|
2024-09-08T01:55:49Z
|
en
|
Q4552955
| 83,829 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in Denmark|1759}}
Events from the year '''1759 in [[Denmark]]'''.
==Incumbents==
* Monarch – [[Frederick V of Denmark|Frederick V]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Frederick V: king of Denmark and Norway|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-V-king-of-Denmark-and-Norway|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=18 November 2019|language=en}}</ref>
* Prime minister – [[Johan Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg]]
==Events==
'''Undated'''
* Construction of [[Christian's Church, Copenhagen]] is completed.
* The settlement of [[Aasiaat]] is founded as [[Egedesminde]] in [[Greenland]].
* The village of [[Havredal]] is founded.
==Births==
* 15 January – [[Jørgen Mandix]], judge (died [[1835 in Norway|1835]])<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|year=1897|title=Mandix, Jørgen|first=Yngvar|last=Nielsen|author-link=Yngvar Nielsen|encyclopedia=[[Dansk biografisk Lexikon]]|volume=XI|editor1-link=Carl Frederik Bricka|editor-last=Bricka|editor-first=Carl Frederik|publisher=Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag|location=Copenhagen|url=https://runeberg.org/dbl/11/0091.html|page=89|language=da|access-date=25 October 2016}}</ref>
* 14 July {{ndash}} [[Frederik Gottschalk von Haxthausen]], Danish military officer and Norway's first minister of finance (died 1825)
* 19 July – [[Christopher Friedenreich Hage]], merchant (died [[1849 in Denmark|1849]])
* 5 April {{ndash}} [[Erik Viborg]], veterinarian and botanist (died [[1822 in Denmark|1822]])
* 11 December {{ndash}} [[Johan David Vogel]], businessman and brewer (died [[1829 in Denmark|1728]])
==Deaths==
* 4 April {{ndash}} [[Christoffer Foltmar]], painter and organist (born [[1718 in Denmark|1718]])
* 9 May – [[Johan Friederich Wewer]], merchant (born [[1699 in Denmark|1699]])
* 5 September – [[Lauritz de Thurah]], architect (born [[1706 in Denmark|1706]])
* 6 October {{ndash}} [[Johann Gottfried Burman Becker]], pharmacist, writer and illustrator (died 1860)
* 29 October – [[Anne Dorthe Lund]], actress (date of birth unknown)
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Denmark year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1759}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1759 In Denmark}}
[[Category:1759 in Denmark| ]]
[[Category:1750s in Denmark]]
[[Category:1759 by country|Denmark]]
[[Category:Years of the 18th century in Denmark]]
| 1,244,607,231 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1758 - 1757 - 1756": "1759 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Denmark \u00b7 \u2192 - 1760 - 1761 - 1762", "Decades": "1730s 1740s 1750s 1760s 1770s", "See also": "Other events of 1759 \u00b7 List of years in Denmark"}}]
| false |
# 1854 in Sweden
Events from the year 1854 in Sweden
## Incumbents
- Monarch – Oscar I
## Events
- The Telegraph connection is established between Stockholm and Gothenburg.
- The first Train station.
- The free church of Anna Johansdotter Norbäck is separated from the state church.
- Founding of the Fruntimmersällskapet för fångars förbättring.
- November - Muteupproret.[1]
## Births
- 12 January - Hugo Birger, painter (died 1887)
- 3 September – Anna Sandström, reform educator (died 1931)
- 8 November – Johannes Rydberg, physicist (died 1919)
- 14 November - Dina Edling, opera singer (died 1935)
- 27 November - Gerhard Louis De Geer, Prime Minister of Sweden from 1920 to 1921 (died 1935)
## Deaths
- 13 March - Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland, prince (born 1852)
- 20 March - Anna Leonore König, singer (born 1771)
- 27 May - Stor-Stina, Sami (born 1819)
- Lisa Erlandsdotter, artist (born 1774)
- Vilhelm Pettersson, ballet dancer (born 1814)
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1854_in_Sweden
|
2025-03-09T07:05:17Z
|
en
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Q20311343
| 78,483 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year in region
| year = 1854
| region = Sweden
| error = '''Template:Year in Sweden''':
| image = Swedish civil ensign (1844–1905).svg
| image_size = 90px
| see_also =
* [[1854|Other events of 1854]]
* [[Timeline of Swedish history]]
}}
[[File:Sjöberg Högbergsgatan 1850-tal vinter.jpg|300px|thumb|Sjöberg Högbergsgatan in winter 1850]]
Events from the year '''1854 in [[Sweden]]'''
==Incumbents==
* [[List of Swedish monarchs|Monarch]] – [[Oscar I of Sweden|Oscar I]]
==Events==
* The [[Telegraph]] connection is established between [[Stockholm]] and [[Gothenburg]].
* The first [[Train station]].
* The free church of [[Anna Johansdotter Norbäck]] is separated from the state church.
* Founding of the ''[[Fruntimmersällskapet för fångars förbättring]]''.
* November - ''[[Muteupproret]]''.<ref>Rosengren, Ingemar (1991). Muteupproret 1854. En berättelse om ett misslyckat polisingripande</ref>
==Births==
* 12 January - [[Hugo Birger]], painter (died [[1887 in Sweden|1887]])
* 3 September – [[Anna Sandström]], reform educator (died [[1931 in Sweden|1931]])
* 8 November – [[Johannes Rydberg]], physicist (died [[1919 in Sweden|1919]])
* 14 November - [[Dina Edling]], opera singer (died [[1935 in Sweden|1935]])
* 27 November - [[Gerhard Louis De Geer]], Prime Minister of Sweden from 1920 to 1921 (died [[1935 in Sweden|1935]])
==Deaths==
* 13 March - [[Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland]], prince (born [[1852 in Sweden|1852]])
* 20 March - [[Anna Leonore König]], singer (born [[1771 in Sweden|1771]])
* 27 May - [[Stor-Stina]], Sami (born [[1819 in Sweden|1819]])
* [[Lisa Erlandsdotter]], artist (born [[1774 in Sweden|1774]])
* [[Vilhelm Pettersson]], ballet dancer (born [[1814 in Sweden|1814]])
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Year in Europe|1854}}
{{Years in Sweden}}
[[Category:1854 in Sweden| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in Sweden]]
[[Category:1854 by country|Sweden]]
{{Sweden-year-stub}}
| 1,279,558,429 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1853 - 1852 - 1851": "1854 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Sweden \u00b7 \u2192 - 1855 - 1856 - 1857", "Decades": "1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s", "See also": "Other events of 1854 Timeline of Swedish history"}}]
| false |
# 1914–15 Newport County A.F.C. season
The 1914–15 season was Newport County's third consecutive season in the Southern League.
## Season review
### League
#### Results summary
Note: Two points for a win.
| Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Overall | Home | Home | Home | Home | Home | Home | Away | Away | Away | Away | Away | Away |
| Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | Ave | Pts | W | D | L | GF | GA | Ave | W | D | L | GF | GA | Ave |
| ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| 24 | 7 | 3 | 14 | 27 | 42 | 0.64 | 17 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 19 | 7 | 2.71 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 8 | 35 | 0.23 |
Last updated: 24 Apr 1915.
Source: []
## Fixtures and results
### Southern League Second Division
| Date | Opponents | Venue | Result | Scorers | Attendance |
| ----------- | ------------------ | ----- | ------ | --------------------------- | ---------- |
| 5 Sep 1914 | Stalybridge Celtic | H | 0–1 | | 2,000 |
| 19 Sep 1914 | Merthyr Town | H | 1–0 | Hammett | |
| 22 Sep 1914 | Ebbw Vale | A | 2–3 | Flanders 2 | |
| 3 Oct 1914 | Llanelly | H | 2–0 | Jarvis, Hammett | |
| 17 Oct 1914 | Mid Rhondda | A | 0–0 | | |
| 31 Oct 1914 | Pontypridd | A | 1–1 | Evans | |
| 14 Nov 1914 | Brentford | A | 0–1 | | 3,000 |
| 28 Nov 1914 | Coventry City | A | 1–10 | Evans | 4,000 |
| 5 Dec 1914 | Stoke | H | 0–1 | | |
| 19 Dec 1914 | Ton Pentre | H | 1–2 | Spittle | |
| 2 Jan 1915 | Stalybridge Celtic | A | 0–1 | | |
| 9 Jan 1915 | Stoke | H | 1–3 | Flanders | |
| 16 Jan 1915 | Swansea Town | H | 1–0 | Groves | |
| 23 Jan 1915 | Merthyr Town | A | 1–2 | Messer | |
| 30 Jan 1915 | Ebbw Vale | H | 3–0 | Hammett 2, Jarvis | |
| 6 Feb 1915 | Llanelly | A | 1–3 | Preece | |
| 13 Feb 1915 | Barry | A | 1–3 | Hammett | |
| 20 Feb 1915 | Mid Rhondda | H | 3–1 | Spittle 2, Hammett | |
| 6 Mar 1915 | Pontypridd | H | 1–1 | Hammett | |
| 13 Mar 1915 | Swansea Town | A | 0–2 | | 4,000 |
| 20 Mar 1915 | Brentford | H | 5–0 | Williams 3, Howells, Jarvis | |
| 3 Apr 1915 | Coventry City | H | 0–1 | | |
| 5 Apr 1915 | Barry | H | 2–0 | Groves, Williams | |
| 24 Apr 1915 | Ton Pentre | A | 0–6 | | |
### FA Cup
| Round | Date | Opponents | Venue | Result | Scorers | Attendance |
| ----- | ----------- | ------------ | ----- | ------ | --------------------------- | ---------- |
| P | 26 Sep 1914 | Rhiwderin | H | 8–0 | | |
| 1Q | 10 Oct 1914 | Milford | H | 6–0 | Hammett 3, Evans 2, Edwards | |
| 2Q | 24 Oct 1914 | Rhymney | H | 3–1 | Evans 2, Groves | |
| 3Q | 7 Nov 1914 | Barry | H | 4–2 | Hammett 2, Evans, Groves | |
| 4Q | 21 Nov 1914 | Swansea Town | A | 0–1 | | 5,000 |
### Welsh Cup
| Round | Date | Opponents | Venue | Result | Scorers | Attendance |
| ----- | ----------- | ----------- | ----- | ------ | ------------------------- | ---------- |
| 1 | 22 Oct 1914 | Abertillery | H | 3–0 | Groves, Williams, Johnson | 3,000 |
## League table
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | F | A | Pts |
| --- | ------------------ | --- | -- | - | -- | -- | -- | --- |
| 1 | Stoke | 24 | 17 | 4 | 3 | 62 | 15 | 38 |
| 2 | Stalybridge Celtic | 24 | 17 | 3 | 4 | 47 | 22 | 37 |
| 3 | Merthyr Town | 24 | 15 | 5 | 4 | 46 | 20 | 35 |
| 4 | Swansea Town | 24 | 16 | 1 | 7 | 48 | 21 | 33 |
| 5 | Coventry City | 24 | 13 | 2 | 9 | 56 | 33 | 28 |
| 6 | Ton Pentre | 24 | 11 | 6 | 7 | 42 | 43 | 28 |
| 7 | Brentford | 24 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 35 | 45 | 23 |
| 8 | Llanelly | 24 | 10 | 1 | 13 | 39 | 32 | 21 |
| 9 | Barry | 24 | 6 | 5 | 13 | 30 | 35 | 17 |
| 10 | Newport County | 24 | 7 | 3 | 14 | 27 | 42 | 17 |
| 11 | Pontypridd | 24 | 5 | 6 | 13 | 31 | 58 | 16 |
| 12 | Mid Rhondda | 24 | 3 | 6 | 15 | 17 | 49 | 12 |
| 13 | Ebbw Vale | 24 | 3 | 1 | 20 | 23 | 88 | 7 |
|
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enwiki
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1914–15 Newport County A.F.C. season
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914%E2%80%9315_Newport_County_A.F.C._season
|
2025-01-25T09:43:05Z
|
en
|
Q4559970
| 100,828 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Newport County A.F.C.|Newport County]]
| season = 1914–15
| manager = [[Sam Hollis]]
| stadium = [[Somerton Park]]
| chairman =
| league = [[1914–15 Southern Football League|Southern League Second Division]]
| league result = 10th
| cup1 = [[1914–15 FA Cup|FA Cup]]
| cup1 result = 4th qualifying round
| cup2 = [[Welsh Cup]]
| cup2 result = Scratched
| league topscorer = E.Hammett (7)
| season topscorer =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[1913–14 Newport County A.F.C. season|1913–14]]
| nextseason = [[1919–20 Newport County A.F.C. season|1919–20]]
| pattern_la1=_black_stripes|pattern_ra1=_black_stripes|pattern_b1=_blackstripes|pattern_so1=_2 gold stripes|leftarm1=FF8C0D|body1=FF8C0D|rightarm1=FF8C0D|shorts1=FFFFFF|socks1=000000
| pattern_la2=|pattern_ra2=|pattern_b2=|leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF
}}
The '''1914–15 season''' was '''Newport County's''' third consecutive season in the [[Southern Football League|Southern League]].
==Season review==
===League===
{{Expand section|date=June 2010}}
====Results summary====
Note: Two points for a win.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan=8 style="border-right:3px solid grey;"|Overall!!colspan=6 style="border-right:3px solid grey;"|Home!!colspan=6|Away
|-
!width=30|{{Tooltip|Pld|Played}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|W|Wins}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|D|Draws}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|L|Losses}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|Ave|Goal average}}!!width=30 style="border-right:3px solid grey;"|{{Tooltip|Pts|Points}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|W|Wins}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|D|Draws}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|L|Losses}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}!!width=30 style="border-right:3px solid grey;"|{{Tooltip|Ave|Goal average}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|W|Wins}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|D|Draws}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|L|Losses}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|GF|Goals for}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|GA|Goals against}}!!width=30|{{Tooltip|Ave|Goal average}}
|-
||24||7||3||14||27||42||0.64||17
|style="border-left:3px solid grey;"|7||1||4||19||7||2.71
|style="border-left:3px solid grey;"|0||2||10||8||35||0.23
|}
{{Fb rs footer|u=24 Apr 1915|s=[] |date=June 2010}}
==Fixtures and results==
===Southern League Second Division===
{{Main|1914–15 Southern Football League}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Date
!Opponents
!Venue
!Result
!Scorers
!Attendance
|- bgcolor="#ffdddd"
||5 Sep 1914||[[Stalybridge Celtic F.C.|Stalybridge Celtic]]||H||0–1||||align="right"|2,000
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd"
||19 Sep 1914||[[Merthyr Town F.C.|Merthyr Town]]||H||1–0||Hammett||
|- bgcolor="#ffdddd"
||22 Sep 1914||[[Ebbw Vale F.C.|Ebbw Vale]]||A||2–3||Flanders 2||
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd"
||3 Oct 1914||[[Llanelly F.C.|Llanelly]]||H||2–0||Jarvis, Hammett||
|- bgcolor="#ffffdd"
||17 Oct 1914||[[Mid Rhondda F.C.|Mid Rhondda]]||A||0–0||||
|- bgcolor="#ffffdd"
||31 Oct 1914||[[Pontypridd F.C.|Pontypridd]]||A||1–1||Evans||
|- bgcolor="#ffdddd"
||14 Nov 1914||[[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]]||A||0–1||||align="right"|3,000
|- bgcolor="#ffdddd"
||28 Nov 1914||[[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]]||A||1–10||Evans||align="right"|4,000
|- bgcolor="#ffdddd"
||5 Dec 1914||[[Stoke F.C.|Stoke]]||H||0–1||||
|- bgcolor="#ffdddd"
||19 Dec 1914||[[Ton Pentre F.C.|Ton Pentre]]||H||1–2||Spittle||
|- bgcolor="#ffdddd"
||2 Jan 1915||[[Stalybridge Celtic F.C.|Stalybridge Celtic]]||A||0–1||||
|- bgcolor="#ffdddd"
||9 Jan 1915||[[Stoke F.C.|Stoke]]||H||1–3||Flanders||
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd"
||16 Jan 1915||[[Swansea Town F.C.|Swansea Town]]||H||1–0||Groves||
|- bgcolor="#ffdddd"
||23 Jan 1915||[[Merthyr Town F.C.|Merthyr Town]]||A||1–2||Messer||
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd"
||30 Jan 1915||[[Ebbw Vale F.C.|Ebbw Vale]]||H||3–0||Hammett 2, Jarvis||
|- bgcolor="#ffdddd"
||6 Feb 1915||[[Llanelly F.C.|Llanelly]]||A||1–3||Preece||
|- bgcolor="#ffdddd"
||13 Feb 1915||[[Barry A.F.C.|Barry]]||A||1–3||Hammett||
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd"
||20 Feb 1915||[[Mid Rhondda F.C.|Mid Rhondda]]||H||3–1||Spittle 2, Hammett||
|- bgcolor="#ffffdd"
||6 Mar 1915||[[Pontypridd F.C.|Pontypridd]]||H||1–1||Hammett||
|- bgcolor="#ffdddd"
||13 Mar 1915||[[Swansea Town F.C.|Swansea Town]]||A||0–2||||align="right"|4,000
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd"
||20 Mar 1915||[[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]]||H||5–0||Williams 3, Howells, Jarvis||
|- bgcolor="#ffdddd"
||3 Apr 1915||[[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]]||H||0–1||||
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd"
||5 Apr 1915||[[Barry A.F.C.|Barry]]||H||2–0||Groves, Williams||
|- bgcolor="#ffdddd"
||24 Apr 1915||[[Ton Pentre F.C.|Ton Pentre]]||A||0–6||||
|}
===FA Cup===
{{Main|1914–15 FA Cup}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Round
!Date
!Opponents
!Venue
!Result
!Scorers
!Attendance
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd"
||P||26 Sep 1914||Rhiwderin||H||8–0||||
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd"
||1Q||10 Oct 1914||Milford||H||6–0||Hammett 3, Evans 2, Edwards||
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd"
||2Q||24 Oct 1914||Rhymney||H||3–1||Evans 2, Groves||
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd"
||3Q||7 Nov 1914||[[Barry A.F.C.|Barry]]||H||4–2||Hammett 2, Evans, Groves||
|- bgcolor="#ffdddd"
||4Q||21 Nov 1914||[[Swansea Town F.C.|Swansea Town]]||A||0–1||||align="right"|5,000
|}
===Welsh Cup===
{| class=wikitable
!Round
!Date
!Opponents
!Venue
!Result
!Scorers
!Attendance
|- bgcolor="#ddffdd"
||1||22 Oct 1914||Abertillery||H||3–0||Groves, Williams, Johnson||align="right"|3,000
|}
==League table==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!width=20|Pos
!width=220|Team
!width=20|Pld
!width=20|W
!width=20|D
!width=20|L
!width=20|F
!width=20|A
!width=30|Pts
|-
|1||align="left"|[[Stoke F.C.|Stoke]]||24||17||4||3||62||15||38
|-
|2||align="left"|[[Stalybridge Celtic F.C.|Stalybridge Celtic]]||24||17||3||4||47||22||37
|-
|3||align="left"|[[Merthyr Town F.C.|Merthyr Town]]||24||15||5||4||46||20||35
|-
|4||align="left"|[[Swansea Town F.C.|Swansea Town]]||24||16||1||7||48||21||33
|-
|5||align="left"|[[Coventry City F.C.|Coventry City]]||24||13||2||9||56||33||28
|-
|6||align="left"|[[Ton Pentre F.C.|Ton Pentre]]||24||11||6||7||42||43||28
|-
|7||align="left"|[[Brentford F.C.|Brentford]]||24||8||7||9||35||45||23
|-
|8||align="left"|[[Llanelly F.C.|Llanelly]]||24||10||1||13||39||32||21
|-
|9||align="left"|[[Barry A.F.C.|Barry]]||24||6||5||13||30||35||17
|-
|'''10'''||align="left"|'''[[Newport County A.F.C.|Newport County]]'''||'''24'''||'''7'''||'''3'''||'''14'''||'''27'''||'''42'''||'''17'''
|-
|11||align="left"|[[Pontypridd F.C.|Pontypridd]]||24||5||6||13||31||58||16
|-
|12||align="left"|[[Mid Rhondda F.C.|Mid Rhondda]]||24||3||6||15||17||49||12
|-
|13||align="left"|[[Ebbw Vale F.C.|Ebbw Vale]]||24||3||1||20||23||88||7
|}
==External links==
* [http://www.newport-county.co.uk/archives/archive_menu.htm Newport County Archives]{{Dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
==References==
<references/>
* Amber in the Blood: A History of Newport County. {{ISBN|978-1-874427-40-7}}
{{Newport County A.F.C. seasons}}
{{1914–15 in English football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Newport County A.F.C. Season 1914-15}}
[[Category:Newport County A.F.C. seasons|1914-15]]
[[Category:English football clubs 1914–15 season]]
[[Category:1914–15 in Welsh football]]
| 1,271,715,533 |
[{"title": "Newport County", "data": {"Manager": "Sam Hollis", "Stadium": "Somerton Park", "Southern League Second Division": "10th", "FA Cup": "4th qualifying round", "Welsh Cup": "Scratched", "Top goalscorer": "E.Hammett (7)", "Home colours": "Away colours"}}]
| false |
# 135th Delaware General Assembly
The 135th Delaware General Assembly was a meeting of the legislative branch of the states government, consisting of the Delaware Senate and the Delaware House of Representatives. Elections were held the first Tuesday after November 1 and terms began in Dover on the first Tuesday in January. This date was January 3, 1989, which was two weeks before the beginning of the fifth administrative year of Republican Governor Mike Castle from New Castle County and the first year for Republican Lieutenant Governor Dale E. Wolf, also from New Castle County.
Currently the distribution of seats for both houses was based on the interpretation of the federal 1980 census. It resulted in a large numbers of membership numbers in the New Castle County area and ruling that the election districts would abandonment of county lines for their boundaries, but would design whatever district boundaries that would accomplish such population equals.
In the 135th Delaware General Assembly session, the Senate had a Democratic majority and the House had a Republican majority.
## Leadership
Senate
- Richard S. Cordrey, Sussex County, Democratic
House of Representatives
- Terry R. Spence, New Castle County, Republican
## Members
### Senate
About half the state senators were elected every two years for a four-year term, except the decade district redesign year, when all served two years. They were designed for equal populations from all districts and its accomplishment occasionally included some territory from two counties.
| New Castle County - 1. Harris McDowell III - 2. Herman M. Holloway Sr. - 3. Robert I. Marshall - 4. Richard A. Hauge - 5. Myrna L. Bair - 6. Andrew G. Knox - 7. Robert T. Still | New Castle County - 8. Margo E. Bane - 9. Thomas B. Sharp - 10. James P. Neal - 11. Roger A. Martin - 12. Robert T. Connor - 13. David B. McBride - 14. James T. Vaughn | Kent County - 15. Nancy W. Cook - 16. William C. Torbert - 17. John C. Still III - 18. Ruth Ann Minner Sussex County - 19. Thurman G. Adams Jr. - 20.Richard S. Cordrey - 21. Robert L. Venables Sr. |
### House of Representatives
All the state representatives were elected every two years for a two-year term. They were designed for equal populations from all districts and its accomplishment occasionally included some territory from two counties.
| New Castle County - 1. Orlando J. George Jr. - 2. Al O. Plant Sr. - 3. James H. Sills Jr. - 4. Joseph G. DiPinto - 5. Casimir S. Jonkiert - 6. David H. Ennis - 7. Gwynne P. Smith - 8. David D. Brady - 9. Charles L. Hebner Sr. - 10. Jane P. Maroney - 11. Marybeth T. Boykin - 12. Philip J. Corrozi - 13. John F. Van Sant III - 14. John A. Campanelli | New Castle County - 15. Bruce C. Reynolds - 16. William I. Houghton - 17. Jeffrey G. Mack - 18. Terry R. Spence - 19. Robert F. Gilligan - 20. Roger P. Roy - 21. Steven C. Taylor - 22. Joseph R. Petrilli - 23. Ada Leigh Soles - 24. William A. Oberle Jr. - 25. Steven H. Amick - 26. Richard F. Davis - 27. Katherine M. Jester | Kent County - 28: Bruce C. Ennis - 29. Donald M. Clark - 30. C. Robert Quillen - 31. E. Stuart Outten Jr. - 32. Edward J. Bennett - 33. G. Wallace Caulk Jr. - 34. Gerald A. Buckworth Sussex County - 35. J. Benjamin Ewing - 36. V. George Carey - 37. John R. Schroeder - 38. George H. Bunting Jr. - 39. Evelyn K. Fallon - 40. Clifford F. Lee - 41. Charles P. West |
## Places with more information
- Delaware Historical Society; website; 505 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801; (302) 655-7161.
- University of Delaware; Library website; 181 South College Avenue, Newark, Delaware 19717; (302) 831-2965.
|
enwiki/24429105
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enwiki
| 24,429,105 |
135th Delaware General Assembly
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/135th_Delaware_General_Assembly
|
2025-02-18T07:54:46Z
|
en
|
Q4549179
| 55,835 |
{{Short description|American legislative session}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{infobox legislative term
|image = Seal of Delaware.svg
|body = [[Delaware General Assembly]]
|term_start = {{start date|1989|1|3}}
|term_end = {{end date|1991|1|8}}
|before = [[134th Delaware General Assembly|134th]]
|after = [[136th Delaware General Assembly|136th]]
}}
The '''135th Delaware General Assembly''' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the states government, consisting of the [[Delaware Senate]] and the [[Delaware House of Representatives]]. Elections were held the first Tuesday after November 1 and terms began in [[Dover, Delaware|Dover]] on the first Tuesday in January. This date was January 3, 1989, which was two weeks before the beginning of the fifth administrative year of Republican Governor [[Mike Castle]] from [[New Castle County, Delaware|New Castle County]] and the first year for Republican Lieutenant Governor [[Dale E. Wolf]], also from New Castle County.
{{confusing section|date=October 2024}}
Currently the distribution of seats for both houses was based on the interpretation of the federal [[1980 United States census|1980 census]]. It resulted in a large numbers of membership numbers in the New Castle County area and ruling that the election districts would abandonment of county lines for their boundaries, but would design whatever district boundaries that would accomplish such population equals.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}
In the 135th Delaware General Assembly session, the Senate had a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] majority and the House had a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] majority.
==Leadership==
:'''Senate'''
*[[Richard S. Cordrey]], Sussex County, [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
:'''House of Representatives'''
*[[Terry R. Spence]], New Castle County, [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
==Members==
===Senate===
About half the state senators were elected every two years for a four-year term, except the decade district redesign year, when all served two years. They were designed for equal populations from all districts and its accomplishment occasionally included some territory from two counties.
{|width=100%
|-valign=top
|
:'''New Castle County'''
*1. [[Harris McDowell III]]
*2. Herman M. Holloway Sr.
*3. Robert I. Marshall
*4. Richard A. Hauge
*5. Myrna L. Bair
*6. Andrew G. Knox
*7. Robert T. Still
|
:'''New Castle County'''
*8. Margo E. Bane
*9. Thomas B. Sharp
*10. James P. Neal
*11. Roger A. Martin
*12. Robert T. Connor
*13. David B. McBride
*14. James T. Vaughn
|
:'''Kent County'''
*15. Nancy W. Cook
*16. William C. Torbert
*17. John C. Still III
*18. [[Ruth Ann Minner]]
:'''Sussex County'''
*19. Thurman G. Adams Jr.
*20.[[Richard S. Cordrey]]
*21. Robert L. Venables Sr.
|}
===House of Representatives===
All the state representatives were elected every two years for a two-year term. They were designed for equal populations from all districts and its accomplishment occasionally included some territory from two counties.
{|width=100%
|-valign=top
|
:'''New Castle County'''
*1. Orlando J. George Jr.
*2. Al O. Plant Sr.
*3. James H. Sills Jr.
*4. Joseph G. DiPinto
*5. Casimir S. Jonkiert
*6. David H. Ennis
*7. Gwynne P. Smith
*8. David D. Brady
*9. Charles L. Hebner Sr.
*10. Jane P. Maroney
*11. Marybeth T. Boykin
*12. Philip J. Corrozi
*13. John F. Van Sant III
*14. John A. Campanelli
|
:'''New Castle County'''
*15. Bruce C. Reynolds
*16. William I. Houghton
*17. Jeffrey G. Mack
*18. [[Terry R. Spence]]
*19. Robert F. Gilligan
*20. Roger P. Roy
*21. Steven C. Taylor
*22. Joseph R. Petrilli
*23. Ada Leigh Soles
*24. William A. Oberle Jr.
*25. Steven H. Amick
*26. Richard F. Davis
*27. Katherine M. Jester
|
:'''Kent County'''
*28: Bruce C. Ennis
*29. Donald M. Clark
*30. C. Robert Quillen
*31. E. Stuart Outten Jr.
*32. Edward J. Bennett
*33. G. Wallace Caulk Jr.
*34. Gerald A. Buckworth
:'''Sussex County'''
*35. J. Benjamin Ewing
*36. V. George Carey
*37. John R. Schroeder
*38. George H. Bunting Jr.
*39. Evelyn K. Fallon
*40. Clifford F. Lee
*41. Charles P. West
|}
==References==
*{{cite book |title=Democracy in Delaware |last=Hoffecker |first=Carol E. |publisher=Cedar Tree Books |location=Wilmington, Delaware |year=2004 |isbn=1-892142-23-6}}
*{{cite book |title=Memoirs of the Senate |last=Martin |first=Roger A. |publisher=Roger A. Martin |location=Newark, Delaware |year=1995 }}
==Places with more information==
*[[Delaware Historical Society]]; [https://web.archive.org/web/19961231010053/http://hsd.org/ website]; 505 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801; (302) 655-7161.
*[[University of Delaware]]; [http://www.lib.udel.edu/ Library website]; 181 South College Avenue, Newark, Delaware 19717; (302) 831-2965.
{{Delaware General Assemblies}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Assembly, 135th Delaware General}}
[[Category:Delaware legislative sessions]]
[[Category:1989 in Delaware]]
[[Category:1990 in Delaware]]
[[Category:1989 U.S. legislative sessions|Delaware]]
[[Category:1990 U.S. legislative sessions|Delaware]]
| 1,276,339,497 |
[{"title": "135th Delaware General Assembly", "data": {"\u2190": "134th \u00b7 136th \u00b7 \u2192"}}, {"title": "Overview", "data": {"Legislative body": "Delaware General Assembly", "Term": "January 3, 1989 \u2013 January 8, 1991"}}]
| false |
# 1874 in Belgium
Events in the year 1874 in Belgium.
## Incumbents
Monarch: Leopold II
Head of government: Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (to 21 August); Jules Malou (from 21 August)
## Events
- 20 January – Royal decree providing for subsidies to the dramatic arts.
- 19 March – Extradition treaty with the United States of America.
- 25 May – Provincial elections
- 1 June – Service starts on Brussels–Charleroi railway line. Nivelles railway station inaugurated.
- 9 June – Partial legislative elections of 1874
- 21 August – Prime Minister Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt dies in office; succeeded by Jules Malou
- 2 September – Convention with The Netherlands for improvements to the Ghent–Terneuzen Canal signed in Brussels.[1]
- 10 September – Postal convention with Peru signed in Brussels.[2]
- 24 December – Extradition treaty with the German Empire, replacing earlier treaties with individual German states.[3]
## Publications
- Pasinomie: collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, arrêtés et règlements généraux qui peuvent être invoqués en Belgique. 1874. (Brussels).[4]
- Émile de Laveleye, De la Proprieté et de ses Formes Primitives[5]
- Eugène Van Bemmel, Patria Belgica: Encyclopédie nationale, vol. 2 (Brussels, Bruylant-Christophe & Cie., 1874)[6]
## Art and architecture
Paintings
- Jean-François Portaels, Juive de Tanger
## Births
- 13 January – Jozef-Ernest van Roey, archbishop (died 1961)
- 26 February – Gaston-Antoine Rasneur, bishop (died 1939)
- 19 April – Firmin Baes, painter (died 1943)
## Deaths
- 17 February – Adolphe Quetelet (born 1796), mathematician
- 23 May – Sylvain Van de Weyer (born 1802), politician
- 4 July – Hippolyte Boulenger (born 1837), painter
- 21 August – Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt (born 1794)
- 6 December – Gustaf Wappers (born 1803), painter
|
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|
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| 61,968,071 |
1874 in Belgium
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1874_in_Belgium
|
2024-08-22T11:01:34Z
|
en
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Q16009600
| 66,121 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year in Belgium|1874}}
Events in the year '''1874 in [[Belgium]]'''.
==Incumbents==
:[[Monarch]]: [[Leopold II of Belgium|Leopold II]]
:[[Prime Minister of Belgium|Head of government]]: [[Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt]] (to 21 August); [[Jules Malou]] (from 21 August)
==Events==
* 20 January – Royal decree providing for subsidies to the dramatic arts.
* 19 March – Extradition treaty with the [[United States of America]].
* 25 May – Provincial elections
* 1 June – Service starts on [[Belgian railway line 124|Brussels–Charleroi railway line]]. [[Nivelles railway station]] inaugurated.
* 9 June – [[Belgian general election, 1874|Partial legislative elections of 1874]]
* 21 August – Prime Minister [[Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt]] dies in office; succeeded by [[Jules Malou]]
* 2 September – Convention with [[The Netherlands]] for improvements to the [[Ghent–Terneuzen Canal]] signed in Brussels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://reflex.raadvst-consetat.be/reflex/index.reflex?page=traiverd&c=detail_get&d=detail&docid=7630|title=Convention entre la Belgique et les Pays-Bas pour l'amélioration du canal de Gand à Terneuzen, signée à Bruxelles le 2 septembre 1874|date=2 September 1874|website=refLex|publisher=[[Council of State (Belgium)]]}}</ref>
* 10 September – Postal convention with [[Peru]] signed in Brussels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://reflex.raadvst-consetat.be/reflex/index.reflex?page=traiverd&c=detail_get&d=detail&docid=7631|title=Convention postale entre la Belgique et le Perou, signée à Bruxelles le 10 septembre 1874|date=10 September 1874|website=refLex|publisher=[[Council of State (Belgium)]]}}</ref>
* 24 December – [[Extradition treaty]] with the [[German Empire]], replacing earlier treaties with individual German states.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://reflex.raadvst-consetat.be/reflex/index.reflex?page=traiverd&c=detail_get&d=detail&docid=6516|title=Convention d'extradition entre la Belgique et l'Allemagne, signée à Bruxelles le 24 décembre 1874|date=24 December 1874|website=refLex|publisher=[[Council of State (Belgium)]]}}</ref>
==Publications==
* ''Pasinomie: collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, arrêtés et règlements généraux qui peuvent être invoqués en Belgique. 1874.'' (Brussels).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzxGAQAAMAAJ|title = Pasinomie: Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, arrêtés et règlements généraux qui peuvent être invoqués en Belgique|author1 = Belgium|year = 1874}}</ref>
* [[Émile de Laveleye]], ''De la Proprieté et de ses Formes Primitives''<ref>English translation by G.R.L. Marriott, ''Primitive Property'' (London, 1878), [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924032613014#page/n5/mode/2up on Internet Archive]</ref>
* [[Eugène Van Bemmel]], ''Patria Belgica: Encyclopédie nationale'', vol. 2 (Brussels, Bruylant-Christophe & Cie., 1874)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_pBgAAAAcAAJ On Google Books]</ref>
==Art and architecture==
[[File:Jean-François Portaels - Juive de Tanger.jpg|thumb|[[Jean-François Portaels]], ''Juive de Tanger'' (1874)]]
;Paintings
* [[Jean-François Portaels]], ''Juive de Tanger''
==Births==
* 13 January – [[Jozef-Ernest van Roey]], archbishop (died 1961)
* 26 February – [[Gaston-Antoine Rasneur]], bishop (died 1939)
* 19 April – [[Firmin Baes]], painter (died 1943)
==Deaths==
* 17 February – [[Adolphe Quetelet]] (born 1796), mathematician
* 23 May – [[Sylvain Van de Weyer]] (born 1802), politician
* 4 July – [[Hippolyte Boulenger]] (born 1837), painter
* 21 August – [[Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt]] (born 1794)
* 6 December – [[Gustaf Wappers]] (born 1803), painter
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{commons category}}
{{Years in Belgium}}
{{Year in Europe|1874}}
[[Category:1874 in Belgium| ]]
[[Category:1874 in Europe|Belgium]]
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in Belgium]]
[[Category:1870s in Belgium]]
[[Category:1874 by country|Belgium]]
| 1,241,642,499 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1873 - 1872 - 1871": "1874 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Belgium \u00b7 \u2192 - 1875 - 1876 - 1877", "Decades": "1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s", "See also": "Other events of 1874 \u00b7 List of years in Belgium"}}]
| false |
# 1889 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season
The 1889 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season was the eighth season of the Pittsburgh Alleghenys franchise and their third in the National League. The Alleghenys finished fifth in the league standings with a record of 61–71.
## Regular season
### Season standings
| Team | W | L | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| ----------------------- | -- | -- | ---- | --- | ---- | ---- |
| New York Giants | 83 | 43 | .659 | — | 47–15 | 36–28 |
| Boston Beaneaters | 83 | 45 | .648 | 1 | 48–17 | 35–28 |
| Chicago White Stockings | 67 | 65 | .508 | 19 | 37–30 | 30–35 |
| Philadelphia Quakers | 63 | 64 | .496 | 20½ | 43–24 | 20–40 |
| Pittsburgh Alleghenys | 61 | 71 | .462 | 25 | 40–28 | 21–43 |
| Cleveland Spiders | 61 | 72 | .459 | 25½ | 33–35 | 28–37 |
| Indianapolis Hoosiers | 59 | 75 | .440 | 28 | 32–36 | 27–39 |
| Washington Nationals | 41 | 83 | .331 | 41 | 24–29 | 17–54 |
### Record vs. opponents
| Boston | — | 10–7–1 | 12–8–1 | 10–10 | 8–6–2 | 13–6 | 16–3 | 14–5–1 |
| Chicago | 7–10–1 | — | 11–9 | 13–7 | 5–13–1 | 9–10–1 | 10–9–1 | 12–7 |
| Cleveland | 8–12–1 | 9–11 | — | 9–10–1 | 4–14 | 10–9 | 7–13 | 14–3–1 |
| Indianapolis | 10–10 | 7–13 | 10–9–1 | — | 7–13 | 4–13 | 10–10 | 11–7 |
| New York | 6–8–2 | 13–5–1 | 14–4 | 13–7 | — | 12–7–1 | 12–7–1 | 13–5 |
| Philadelphia | 6–13 | 10–9–1 | 9–10 | 13–4 | 7–12–1 | — | 9–9 | 9–7–1 |
| Pittsburgh | 3–16 | 9–10–1 | 13–7 | 10–10 | 7–12–1 | 9–9 | — | 10–7 |
| Washington | 5–14–1 | 7–12 | 3–14–1 | 7–11 | 5–13 | 7–9–1 | 7–10 | — |
## Player stats
### Batting
#### Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | ------------- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | -- | --- |
| C | Doggie Miller | 104 | 422 | 113 | .268 | 6 | 56 |
| 1B | Jake Beckley | 123 | 522 | 157 | .301 | 9 | 97 |
| 2B | Fred Dunlap | 121 | 451 | 106 | .235 | 2 | 65 |
| SS | Jack Rowe | 75 | 317 | 82 | .259 | 2 | 32 |
| 3B | Bill Kuehne | 97 | 390 | 96 | .246 | 5 | 57 |
| OF | Al Maul | 68 | 257 | 71 | .276 | 4 | 44 |
| OF | Ned Hanlon | 116 | 461 | 110 | .239 | 2 | 37 |
| OF | Billy Sunday | 81 | 321 | 77 | .240 | 2 | 25 |
#### Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| ------------ | -- | --- | --- | ---- | -- | --- |
| Fred Carroll | 91 | 318 | 105 | .330 | 2 | 51 |
| Jocko Fields | 75 | 289 | 90 | .311 | 2 | 43 |
| Pop Smith | 72 | 258 | 54 | .209 | 5 | 27 |
| Deacon White | 55 | 225 | 57 | .253 | 0 | 26 |
| Chuck Lauer | 4 | 16 | 3 | .188 | 0 | 1 |
### Pitching
#### Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| ------------ | -- | ----- | -- | -- | ----- | --- |
| Harry Staley | 49 | 420.0 | 21 | 26 | 3.51 | 159 |
| Pud Galvin | 41 | 341.0 | 23 | 16 | 4.17 | 77 |
| Ed Morris | 21 | 170.0 | 6 | 13 | 4.13 | 40 |
| Pete Conway | 3 | 22.0 | 2 | 1 | 4.91 | 2 |
| Alex Beam | 2 | 18.0 | 1 | 1 | 6.50 | 1 |
| Andy Dunning | 2 | 18.0 | 0 | 2 | 7.00 | 4 |
| Alex Jones | 1 | 9.0 | 1 | 0 | 3.00 | 10 |
| Al Krumm | 1 | 9.0 | 0 | 1 | 10.00 | 4 |
#### Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| ------------- | -- | ---- | - | - | ---- | -- |
| Bill Sowders | 13 | 52.2 | 6 | 5 | 7.35 | 33 |
| Al Maul | 6 | 42.0 | 1 | 4 | 9.86 | 11 |
| Bill Garfield | 4 | 29.0 | 0 | 2 | 7.76 | 4 |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox baseball team season
| name = Pittsburgh Alleghenys
| season = 1889
| misc =
| league = National League
| ballpark = [[Recreation Park (Pittsburgh)|Recreation Park]]
| city = [[Allegheny, Pennsylvania]]
| owner = [[William A. Nimick]]
| managers = [[Horace B. Phillips]], [[Fred Dunlap]], [[Ned Hanlon (baseball)|Ned Hanlon]]
| television =
| radio =
|}}
The '''1889 Pittsburgh Alleghenys season''' was the eighth season of the [[Pittsburgh Pirates|Pittsburgh Alleghenys]] franchise and their third in the [[National League (baseball)|National League]]. The Alleghenys finished fifth in the league standings with a record of 61–71.
== Regular season ==
=== Season standings ===
{{1889 National League standings|highlight=Pittsburgh Alleghenys}}
=== Record vs. opponents ===
{{1889 NL Record vs. opponents|team=PIT}}
=== Opening Day lineup ===
=== Roster ===
{| class="toccolours" style="font-size: 95%;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color: #083c6b; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |
1889 Pittsburgh Alleghenys
|-
| colspan="10" style="background-color: #ba313c; color: white; text-align: center;" | '''Roster'''
|-
| valign="top" | '''Pitchers'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Alex Beam (baseball)|Alex Beam]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Pete Conway]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Andy Dunning]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Pud Galvin]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Bill Garfield]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Alex Jones (baseball)|Alex Jones]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Al Krumm]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Ed Morris (1880s pitcher)|Ed Morris]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Bill Sowders]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Harry Staley]]}}
| width="25px" |
| valign="top" | '''Catchers'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Fred Carroll]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Chuck Lauer]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Doggie Miller]]}}
'''Infielders'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Jake Beckley]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Fred Dunlap]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Bill Kuehne]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Pop Smith]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Deacon White]]}}
| width="25px" |
| valign="top" | '''Outfielders'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Jocko Fields]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Ned Hanlon (baseball)|Ned Hanlon]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Al Maul]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Jack Rowe]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Billy Sunday]]}}
| width="25px" |
| valign="top" | '''Manager'''
{{MLBplayer||[[Fred Dunlap]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Ned Hanlon (baseball)|Ned Hanlon]]}}
{{MLBplayer||[[Horace B. Phillips]]}}
|}
== Player stats ==
=== Batting ===
==== Starters by position ====
''Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="5%" | Pos
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="16%" | Player
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | G
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | AB
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | H
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | Avg.
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | HR
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | RBI
|- align="center"
| C || [[Doggie Miller]] || 104 || 422 || 113 || .268 || 6 || 56
|- align=center
| 1B || [[Jake Beckley]] || 123 || 522 || 157 || .301 || 9 || 97
|- align=center
| 2B || {{sortname|Fred|Dunlap}} || 121 || 451 || 106 || .235 || 2 || 65
|- align="center"
| SS || [[Jack Rowe]] || 75 || 317 || 82 || .259 || 2 || 32
|- align=center
| 3B || [[Bill Kuehne]] || 97 || 390 || 96 || .246 || 5 || 57
|- align=center
| OF || [[Al Maul]] || 68 || 257 || 71 || .276 || 4 || 44
|- align=center
| OF || {{sortname|Ned|Hanlon|Ned Hanlon (baseball)}} || 116 || 461 || 110 || .239 || 2 || 37
|- align="center"
| OF || [[Billy Sunday]] || 81 || 321 || 77 || .240 || 2 || 25
|}
==== Other batters ====
''Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="16%" | Player
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | G
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | AB
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | H
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | Avg.
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | HR
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | RBI
|- align="center"
| [[Fred Carroll]] || 91 || 318 || 105 || .330 || 2 || 51
|- align=center
| [[Jocko Fields]] || 75 || 289 || 90 || .311 || 2 || 43
|- align=center
| [[Pop Smith]] || 72 || 258 || 54 || .209 || 5 || 27
|- align=center
| [[Deacon White]] || 55 || 225 || 57 || .253 || 0 || 26
|- align=center
| [[Chuck Lauer]] || 4 || 16 || 3 || .188 || 0 || 1
|}
=== Pitching ===
==== Starting pitchers ====
''Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="16%" | Player
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | G
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | IP
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | W
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | L
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | ERA
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | SO
|- align="center"
| [[Harry Staley]] || 49 || 420.0 || 21 || 26 || 3.51 || 159
|- align=center
| [[Pud Galvin]] || 41 || 341.0 || 23 || 16 || 4.17 || 77
|- align=center
| {{sortname|Ed|Morris|Ed Morris (1880s pitcher)}} || 21 || 170.0 || 6 || 13 || 4.13 || 40
|- align="center"
| {{sortname|Pete|Conway}} || 3 || 22.0 || 2 || 1 || 4.91 || 2
|- align="center"
| {{sortname|Alex|Beam|Alex Beam (baseball)}} || 2 || 18.0 || 1 || 1 || 6.50 || 1
|- align="center"
| [[Andy Dunning]] || 2 || 18.0 || 0 || 2 || 7.00 || 4
|- align=center
| [[Alex Jones (baseball)|Alex Jones]] || 1 || 9.0 || 1 || 0 || 3.00 || 10
|- align=center
| [[Al Krumm]] || 1 || 9.0 || 0 || 1 || 10.00 || 4
|}
==== Other pitchers ====
''Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="16%" | Player
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | G
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | IP
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | W
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | L
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | ERA
! style="background:#FFFFFF; border-top:#023465 5px solid; border-bottom:#ba313c 5px solid;" width="9%" | SO
|- align="center"
| [[Bill Sowders]] || 13 || 52.2 || 6 || 5 || 7.35 || 33
|- align=center
| {{sortname|Al|Maul}} || 6 || 42.0 || 1 || 4 || 9.86 || 11
|- align="center"
| {{sortname|Bill|Garfield}} || 4 || 29.0 || 0 || 2 || 7.76 || 4
|}
== References ==
* [https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PIT/1889.shtml 1889 Pittsburgh Alleghenys team page at Baseball Reference]
* [http://www.baseball-almanac.com/teamstats/roster.php?y=1889&t=PT2 1889 Pittsburgh Alleghenys Page at Baseball Almanac]
{{1889 MLB season by team}}
{{Pittsburgh Pirates}}
[[Category:Pittsburgh Pirates seasons]]
[[Category:1889 Major League Baseball season|Pittsburgh Alleghenys season]]
[[Category:1889 in sports in Pennsylvania|Pittsburg Pir]]
{{PittsburghPirates-season-stub}}
| 1,187,485,974 |
[{"title": "1889 Pittsburgh Alleghenys", "data": {"League": "National League", "Ballpark": "Recreation Park", "City": "Allegheny, Pennsylvania", "Owner": "William A. Nimick", "Managers": "Horace B. Phillips, Fred Dunlap, Ned Hanlon"}}]
| false |
# 1759 in Great Britain
Events from the year 1759 in Great Britain. This year was dubbed an "Annus Mirabilis" due to a succession of military victories in the Seven Years' War against French-led opponents.
## Incumbents
- Monarch – George II
- Prime Minister – Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle (Whig)[1]
## Events
- 15 January – the British Museum opens at Montagu House, Bloomsbury in London.[2]
- 8 April – Robert Clive captures Masulipatam in India from the French.[3]
- 1 May – Seven Years' War: British forces capture Guadeloupe from the French.[4]
- 1 May – the foundation of Wedgwood pottery
- 4 July – the Royal Navy bombards Le Havre.[5]
- 23 July – Keel laying of HMS Victory at Chatham Dockyard.
- 25 July – Seven Years' War (French and Indian War): In Canada, British forces capture Fort Niagara from French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé.
- 26–27 July – Seven Years' War (French and Indian War): Battle of Ticonderoga – At the southern end of Lake Champlain, French forces withdraw from Fort Carillon which is taken by the British under General Amherst and renamed Fort Ticonderoga.
- 1 August – Seven Years' War: At the Battle of Minden, British-Hanoverian forces under Ferdinand of Brunswick defeat the French army of the Duc de Broglie,[3] but due to the disobedience of the English cavalry commander Lord George Sackville, the French are able to withdraw unmolested.
- 18 August – Seven Years' War: At the Battle of Lagos, the British fleet of Edward Boscawen defeats a French force under Commodore de la Clue off the Portuguese coast.
- 10 September – Seven Years' War: Battle of Pondicherry – An inconclusive naval battle is fought off the coast of India between the French Admiral d'Aché and the British under George Pocock. The French forces are badly damaged and return home, never returning to India.
- 13 September – Seven Years' War (French and Indian War): Quebec is recaptured by British forces following General Wolfe's victory in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham just outside the city. Both the French Commander (the Marquis de Montcalm) and the British General Wolfe are fatally wounded.[3]
- 14 September – "A Journey Through Europe; or, A Play of Geography", the earliest British board game sold.[2]
- 16 October – Smeaton's Tower, John Smeaton's Eddystone Lighthouse, is first illuminated.[6]
- 20 November – Seven Years' War: At the Battle of Quiberon Bay, the British fleet of Sir Edward Hawke defeats a French fleet under Marshal de Conflans near the coast of Brittany.[3] This is the decisive naval engagement of the War – after this, the French are no longer able to field a significant fleet and a planned French invasion of Britain is abandoned.
### Unknown dates
- Clockmaker John Harrison produces his "No. 1 sea watch" ("H4"), the first successful marine chronometer.[7]
- Bank of England £10 note first issued.
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, created.[8]
- The song Heart of Oak is written by William Boyce with words by David Garrick.[3]
## Publications
- Samuel Johnson's apologue The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia.
- Adam Smith's The Theory of Moral Sentiments, embodying some of his Glasgow lectures.
- Laurence Sterne begins publication of his comic metafictional novel The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman.
- Samuel Dunn's instructional manual The description and use of the universal planispheres; or, terrestrial and celestial globes in plano.
## Births
- 25 January – Robert Burns, Scottish poet (died 1796)[9]
- 26 March – John Mayne, Scottish poet (d. 1836)
- 27 April – Mary Wollstonecraft, writer, philosopher and feminist (died 1797)
- 28 May – William Pitt the Younger, Prime Minister (died 1806)[10]
- 7 August – William Owen Pughe, lexicographer (died 1835)
- 12 August – Thomas Andrew Knight, horticulturalist (died 1838)
- 24 August – William Wilberforce, abolitionist (died 1833)
- 19 September – William Kirby, entomologist (died 1850)
- 24 September – Charles Simeon, evangelical clergyman (died 1836)
- 13 October – Mary Hays, writer and feminist (died 1843)
- 25 October – William Grenville, Prime Minister (died 1834)
## Deaths
- 11 March – John Forbes, general (born 1707)
- 14 April – George Frideric Handel, composer (born 1685 in Saxony-Anhalt)
- 7 August – John Kennedy, 8th Earl of Cassilis (born 1700)
- 16 August – Eugene Aram, English philologist and murderer, hanged (born 1704)
- 13 September – James Wolfe, general (born 1727)
- 10 October – Granville Elliott, military officer (born 1713)
- 13 October – John Henley, English minister (born 1692)
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{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{EngvarB|date=April 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Year in Great Britain|1759|cricket=yes}}
Events from the year '''1759 in Great Britain'''. This year was dubbed an "[[Annus Mirabilis of 1759|Annus Mirabilis]]" due to a succession of military victories in the [[Great Britain in the Seven Years' War|Seven Years' War]] against French-led opponents.
==Incumbents==
* [[List of British monarchs|Monarch]] – [[George II of Great Britain|George II]]
* [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] – [[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle]] ([[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]])<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Thomas Pelham-Holles 1st Duke of Newcastle - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/thomas-pelham-holles-1st-duke-of-newcastle |website=www.gov.uk |access-date=19 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
==Events==
* 15 January – the [[British Museum]] opens at [[Montagu House, Bloomsbury]] in London.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
* 8 April – [[Robert Clive]] captures [[Masulipatam]] in India from the French.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/319 319–320]}}</ref>
* 1 May – [[Seven Years' War]]: British forces capture [[Guadeloupe]] from the French.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=222|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* 1 May – the foundation of [[Wedgwood]] pottery
* 4 July – the Royal Navy bombards [[Le Havre]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Célestin|last=Hippeau|title=Le gouvernement de Normandie au XVIIe et au XVIII siècle|location=Caen|publisher=Laporte|year=1863|page=370}}</ref>
* 23 July – [[Keel laying]] of {{HMS|Victory}} at [[Chatham Dockyard]].
* 25 July – Seven Years' War ([[French and Indian War]]): In Canada, British forces capture [[Fort Niagara]] from French, who subsequently abandon [[Fort Rouillé]].
* 26–27 July – Seven Years' War (French and Indian War): [[Battle of Ticonderoga (1759)|Battle of Ticonderoga]] – At the southern end of [[Lake Champlain]], French forces withdraw from [[Fort Carillon]] which is taken by the British under [[Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst|General Amherst]] and renamed [[Fort Ticonderoga]].
* 1 August – Seven Years' War: At the [[Battle of Minden]], British-Hanoverian forces under [[Ferdinand of Brunswick]] defeat the French army of the [[Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie|Duc de Broglie]],<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> but due to the disobedience of the English cavalry commander [[Lord George Germain|Lord George Sackville]], the French are able to withdraw unmolested.
* 18 August – Seven Years' War: At the [[Battle of Lagos]], the British fleet of [[Edward Boscawen]] defeats a French force under Commodore de la Clue off the Portuguese coast.
* 10 September – Seven Years' War: [[Battle of Pondicherry]] – An inconclusive naval battle is fought off the coast of [[India]] between the French Admiral d'Aché and the British under [[George Pocock]]. The French forces are badly damaged and return home, never returning to India.
* 13 September – Seven Years' War (French and Indian War): [[Quebec]] is recaptured by British forces following [[James Wolfe|General Wolfe]]'s victory in the [[Battle of the Plains of Abraham]] just outside the city. Both the French Commander (the [[Louis-Joseph de Montcalm|Marquis de Montcalm]]) and the British General Wolfe are fatally wounded.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
* 14 September – "A Journey Through Europe; or, A Play of Geography", the earliest British [[board game]] sold.<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/>
* 16 October – [[Smeaton's Tower]], [[John Smeaton]]'s [[Eddystone Lighthouse]], is first illuminated.<ref name=thinfo>{{cite web|title=Eddystone Lighthouse|url=http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/interactive/gallery/eddystone.html|publisher=[[Trinity House]]|accessdate=6 September 2006| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060909043743/http://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/interactive/gallery/eddystone.html| archivedate= 9 September 2006 <!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref>
* 20 November – Seven Years' War: At the [[Battle of Quiberon Bay]], the British fleet of [[Edward Hawke|Sir Edward Hawke]] defeats a French fleet under [[Marshal de Conflans]] near the coast of [[Brittany]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> This is the decisive naval engagement of the War – after this, the French are no longer able to field a significant fleet and a [[Planned French Invasion of Britain (1759)|planned French invasion of Britain]] is abandoned.
===Unknown dates===
[[File:H4 low 250.jpg|thumb|150px|[[John Harrison|Harrison]]'s [[marine chronometer]]]]
* [[Clockmaker]] [[John Harrison]] produces his "No. 1 sea watch" ("H4"), the first successful [[marine chronometer]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Royal Observatory Greenwich souvenir guide|year=2012|isbn=978-1-906367-51-0|pages=34–35|quote=the first precision watch and considered by many today as the most important timekeeper ever.}}</ref>
* [[Bank of England £10 note]] first issued.
* [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]], created.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1084|title=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|work=[[World Heritage]]|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|accessdate=4 July 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100817210717/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1084| archivedate= 17 August 2010 <!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref>
* The song ''[[Heart of Oak]]'' is written by [[William Boyce (composer)|William Boyce]] with words by [[David Garrick]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
==Publications==
* [[Samuel Johnson]]'s [[apologue]] ''[[The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia]]''.
* [[Adam Smith]]'s ''[[The Theory of Moral Sentiments]]'', embodying some of his Glasgow lectures.
* [[Laurence Sterne]] begins publication of his comic metafictional novel ''[[The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman]]''.
*[[Samuel Dunn (mathematician)|Samuel Dunn]]'s instructional manual ''The description and use of the universal planispheres; or, terrestrial and celestial globes in plano''.
==Births==
* 25 January – [[Robert Burns]], Scottish poet (died 1796)<ref>{{cite web |title=Robert Burns (1759-1796) |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/learning/hall-of-fame/hall-of-fame-a-z/burns-robert |website=National Records of Scotland |access-date=27 January 2023 |language=English |date=31 May 2013}}</ref>
* 26 March – [[John Mayne]], Scottish poet (d. 1836)
* 27 April – [[Mary Wollstonecraft]], writer, philosopher and feminist (died 1797)
* 28 May – [[William Pitt the Younger]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] (died 1806)<ref>{{cite web |title=History of William Pitt 'The Younger' - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/william-pitt |website=www.gov.uk |access-date=1 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* 7 August – [[William Owen Pughe]], lexicographer (died 1835)
* 12 August – [[Thomas Andrew Knight]], horticulturalist (died 1838)
* 24 August – [[William Wilberforce]], abolitionist (died 1833)
* 19 September – [[William Kirby (entomologist)|William Kirby]], entomologist (died 1850)
* 24 September – [[Charles Simeon]], evangelical clergyman (died 1836)
* 13 October – [[Mary Hays]], writer and feminist (died 1843)
* 25 October – [[William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville|William Grenville]], Prime Minister (died 1834)
==Deaths==
* 11 March – [[John Forbes (General)|John Forbes]], general (born 1707)
* 14 April – [[George Frideric Handel]], composer (born 1685 in Saxony-Anhalt)
* 7 August – [[John Kennedy, 8th Earl of Cassilis]] (born 1700)
* 16 August – [[Eugene Aram]], English philologist and murderer, hanged (born 1704)
* 13 September – [[James Wolfe]], general (born 1727)
* 10 October – [[Granville Elliott]], military officer (born 1713)
* 13 October – [[John Henley (clergyman)|John Henley]], English minister (born 1692)
==See also==
*[[1759 in Wales]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{GB year nav}}
{{Year in Europe|1759}}
[[Category:1759 in Great Britain| ]]
[[Category:Years in the Kingdom of Great Britain]]
[[Category:1759 by country]]
[[Category:1759 in Europe]]
[[Category:1750s in Great Britain]]
| 1,275,835,294 |
[]
| false |
# 1929–30 Egypt Cup
The 1929–30 Egypt Cup was the ninth edition of the Egypt Cup.
The final was held on 16 May 1930. The match was contested by Al Ahly and Al Ittihad Alexandria, with Al Ahly winning 2–0.
## Quarter-finals
| Home team | Score | Away team |
| --------------------- | ----- | ----------------- |
| Olympic | 1–2 | Al Ahly |
| Al Masry | 4–1 | El Sekka El Hadid |
| Al Ittihad Alexandria | bye | |
| Tersana | bye | |
## Semi-finals
| Home team | Score | Away team |
| --------------------- | ----- | --------- |
| Al Ittihad Alexandria | 5–2 | Tersana |
| Al Masry | 1–1 | Al Ahly |
## Final
| Al Ahly | 2–0 | Al Ittihad Alexandria |
| ------------------------------ | --- | --------------------- |
| Hafez Kaseb · Mokhtar El Tetsh | | |
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929%E2%80%9330_Egypt_Cup
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en
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{{more footnotes needed|date=August 2020}}
{{infobox football tournament season
| title = Egypt Cup
| year = 1929–30
| other_title =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| country = Egypt
| num_teams =
| defending_champions =
| winners = [[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]] (5th title)
| second = [[Al Ittihad Alexandria Club|Al Ittihad Alexandria]]
| matches =
| goals =
| scoring_leader =
| player =
| prev_season = [[1928–29 Egypt Cup|1928–29]]
| next_season = [[1930–31 Egypt Cup|1930–31]]
}}
The '''1929–30 Egypt Cup''' was the ninth edition of the [[Egypt Cup]].
The final was held on 16 May 1930. The match was contested by [[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]] and [[Al Ittihad Alexandria Club|Al Ittihad Alexandria]], with Al Ahly winning 2–0.
== Quarter-finals ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
!Home team
!Score
!Away team
|-
|[[Olympic Club (Egypt)|Olympic]]
|1–2
|'''[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]'''
|-
|'''[[Al Masry SC|Al Masry]]'''
|4–1
|[[El Sekka El Hadid SC|El Sekka El Hadid]]
|-
|'''[[Al Ittihad Alexandria Club|Al Ittihad Alexandria]]'''
|[[Bye (sports)|bye]]
|
|-
|'''[[Tersana SC|Tersana]]'''
|[[Bye (sports)|bye]]
|
|}
== Semi-finals ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
!Home team
!Score
!Away team
|-
|'''[[Al Ittihad Alexandria Club|Al Ittihad Alexandria]]'''
|5–2
|[[Tersana SC|Tersana]]
|-
|[[Al Masry SC|Al Masry]]
|1–1
|'''[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]'''
|-
|}
== Final ==
{{football box
|date=16 May 1930
|team1=[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]
|score=2–0
|team2=[[Al Ittihad Alexandria Club|Al Ittihad Alexandria]]
|goals1=Hafez Kaseb {{goal}} <br> [[Mahmoud Mokhtar El Tetsh|Mokhtar El Tetsh]] {{goal}}
|goals2=
|stadium=
|referee=Hussien Emam
}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
*[http://www.egyptianfootball.net/]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220813065420/http://drtareksaid.net/EgyptianCup192930.html]}}
{{Egypt Cup}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1929-30 Egypt Cup}}
[[Category:Egypt Cup seasons|2]]
| 1,275,544,102 |
[{"title": "1929\u201330 Egypt Cup", "data": {"Country": "Egypt"}}, {"title": "Final positions", "data": {"Champions": "Al Ahly (5th title)", "Runner-up": "Al Ittihad Alexandria"}}]
| false |
# 1915 in Taiwan
Events from the year 1915 in Taiwan, Empire of Japan.
## Incumbents
### Monarchy
- Emperor: Taisho
### Central government of Japan
- Prime Minister: Ōkuma Shigenobu
### Taiwan
- Governor-General – Sakuma Samata, Andō Teibi
## Events
### January
- 26 January – The opening of Ruisui Station in Karenkō Prefecture.
### October
- 28 October – The opening of Kagi Shrine in Tainan Prefecture.
## Births
- 6 November – Chung Li-ho, novelist
|
enwiki/52417474
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1915 in Taiwan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915_in_Taiwan
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2025-02-12T03:34:39Z
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en
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Q28110033
| 123,063 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{Year in Taiwan|1915}}
Events from the year '''1915 in Taiwan''', [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|Empire of Japan]].
==Incumbents==
===Monarchy===
* [[List of emperors of Japan|Emperor]]: [[Emperor Taishō|Taisho]]
===Central government of Japan===
* [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]]: [[Ōkuma Shigenobu]]
===Taiwan===
* [[Governor-General of Taiwan|Governor-General]] – [[Sakuma Samata]], [[Andō Teibi]]
==Events==
===January===
* 26 January – The opening of [[Ruisui Station]] in [[Karenkō Prefecture]].
===October===
* 28 October – The opening of [[Kagi Shrine]] in [[Tainan Prefecture]].
==Births==
* 6 November – [[Chung Li-ho]], novelist
==References==
{{commons category}}
{{reflist}}
{{Years in Taiwan navbox}}
{{Asia topic|1915 in}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
[[Category:1915 in Taiwan| ]]
[[Category:Years of the 20th century in Taiwan]]
| 1,275,286,567 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1914 - 1913 - 1912": "1915 \u00b7 in \u00b7 Taiwan \u00b7 \u2192 - 1916 - 1917 - 1918", "Decades": "1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s", "See also": "Other events of 1915 \u00b7 History of Taiwan \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false |
# 1907 German football championship
The 1907 German football championship was the fifth season in which teams competed for the national championship title. Six teams qualified to reach the final stages of the competition, and the winners were Freiburger FC, defeating Viktoria 89 Berlin 3–1 in the final.
For Freiburger FC it was the sole appearance in the German championship final. Viktoria 89 Berlin made its first of four final appearances in 1907, going on to win the 1908 and 1911 championships as well as losing the 1909 final in between.
Viktoria's Helmut Röpnack and Freiburg's Phillip Burkart were the top scorers of the 1907 championship with four goals each.
Six clubs qualified for the competition played in knock-out format, the champions of each of the six regional football championships.
## Qualified teams
The teams qualified through the regional championships:
| Qualified team | Qualified from |
| ------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| Schlesien Breslau | South Eastern German champions |
| Viktoria 89 Berlin | VBB champions |
| VfB Leipzig | Central German champions |
| FC Victoria Hamburg | Northern German champions |
| Düsseldorfer FC 99 | Western German champions |
| Freiburger FC | Southern German champions |
## Competition
### Quarter-finals
The preliminary round, played on 21 April 1907:
| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| ------------------- | ----- | ------------------ |
| Viktoria 89 Berlin | 2–1 | Schlesien Breslau |
| SC Victoria Hamburg | 8–1 | Düsseldorfer FC 99 |
### Semi-finals
| SC Victoria Hamburg | 1 – 4 | Viktoria 89 Berlin |
| ------------------- | ----- | ----------------------------------------- |
| Klinkrad 40' | | Dumke 10' · Röpnack 19', 65' · Reinke 90' |
| Freiburger FC | 3 – 2 | VfB Leipzig |
| --------------- | ----- | ------------------- |
| Burkart · Mayer | | Steinbeck · Richter |
### Final
| Freiburger FC | 3 – 1 | Viktoria 89 Berlin |
| ------------------------------------ | ------ | ------------------ |
| Glaser 30' (pen.) · Burkart 57', 80' | Report | Röpnack 43' (pen.) |
| FREIBURGER FC | | | |
| | | | |
| | | Paul Gilly-Goldberger | |
| | | August Falschlunger | |
| | | L. C. de Villiers | |
| | | Max Mayer | |
| | | Felix Hunn | |
| | | Josef Glaser | |
| | | Fritz Bodenweber | |
| | | Henri Sydler | |
| | | Hofherr | |
| | | Max Haase | |
| | | Philipp Burkart | |
| Manager: | | | |
| | | | |
| VIKTORIA BERLIN | | | |
| | | | |
| | | Paul Scranowitz | |
| | | Helmut Röpnack | |
| | | Willi Hahn | |
| | | Paul Fischer | |
| | | Willi Knesebeck | |
| | | Paul Hunder | |
| | | Adolf Deni | |
| | | Emil Reinke | |
| | | Paul Kralle | |
| | | Otto Dumke | |
| | | Reinhold Bock | |
| Manager: | | | |
| | | | |
| | |
### Sources
- kicker Allmanach 1990, by kicker, page 160 to 178 – German championship
- Süddeutschlands Fussballgeschichte in Tabellenform 1897-1988 (in German) History of Southern German football in tables, publisher & author: Ludolf Hyll
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907_German_football_championship
|
2024-01-01T23:48:29Z
|
en
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Q512487
| 117,319 |
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox football tournament season
| title = German championship
| year = 1907
| other_titles = Deutsche Fußballmeisterschaft
| image = Victoria Schalke-Museum.jpg
| image_size = 100px
| caption = Replica of the [[Viktoria (trophy)|''Viktoria'' trophy]]
| country = Germany
| dates = 21 April – 19 May
| num_teams = 6
| winners = [[Freiburger FC]]<br />1st [[List of German football champions|German title]]
| second = [[BFC Viktoria 1889|Viktoria 89 Berlin]]
| matches = 5
| goals = 26
| attendance =
| scoring_leader = [[Philipp Burkart]]<br />[[Helmut Röpnack]]<br />(4 goals each)
| prev_season = [[1906 German football championship|1906]]
| next_season = [[1908 German football championship|1908]]
}}
The '''1907 German football championship''' was the fifth season in which teams competed for the national championship title. Six teams qualified to reach the final stages of the competition, and the winners were [[Freiburger FC]], defeating [[BFC Viktoria 1889|Viktoria 89 Berlin]] 3–1 in the final.<ref name="Rsssf" >{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesd/duithistpre45.html |title=German championship 1907 |website= Rsssf.com |access-date= 11 January 2016}}</ref>
For Freiburger FC it was the sole appearance in the German championship final. Viktoria 89 Berlin made its first of four final appearances in 1907, going on to win the 1908 and 1911 championships as well as losing the 1909 final in between.<ref name="List" >{{cite web |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesd/duitchamp.html |title=(West) Germany -List of champions |website= Rsssf.com |access-date= 11 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weltfussball.de/teams/freiburger-fc/1/ |title= Freiburger FC Steckbrief |website= Weltfussball.de |access-date= 11 January 2016|language=de|trans-title= Freiburger FC honours}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weltfussball.de/teams/fc-viktoria-1889-berlin/1/ |title= FC Viktoria 1889 Berlin » Steckbrief |website= Weltfussball.de |access-date= 11 January 2016|language=de|trans-title= FC Viktoria 1889 Berlin honours}}</ref>
Viktoria's [[Helmut Röpnack]] and Freiburg's [[Phillip Burkart]] were the top scorers of the 1907 championship with four goals each.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weltfussball.de/torschuetzenkoenige/deutsche-meisterschaft/ |title=Deutsche Meisterschaft » Torschützenkönige |website= Weltfussball.de |access-date= 10 January 2016|language=de|trans-title=German championship: Top goal scorer}}</ref>
Six clubs qualified for the competition played in knock-out format, the champions of each of the six regional football championships.<ref name="Rsssf" />
==Qualified teams==
The teams qualified through the regional championships:<ref name="Rsssf" />
{|style="border:1px solid #bbb;background:#fff;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="2" width="75%"
|-style="background:#ccc;font-weight:bold"
! Qualified team || Qualified from
|-
| [[SV Blitz Breslau|Schlesien Breslau]] ||[[South Eastern German football championship|South Eastern German champions]]
|-style="background:#ddd"
| [[BFC Viktoria 1889|Viktoria 89 Berlin]] ||[[Brandenburg football championship|VBB champions]]
|-
| [[1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig|VfB Leipzig]] ||[[Central German football championship|Central German champions]]
|-style="background:#ddd"
| [[SC Victoria Hamburg|FC Victoria Hamburg]] ||[[Northern German football championship|Northern German champions]]
|-
| [[Düsseldorfer SC 99|Düsseldorfer FC 99]] ||[[Western German football championship|Western German champions]]
|-style="background:#ddd"
| [[Freiburger FC]] ||[[Southern German football championship|Southern German champions]]
|}
==Competition==
===Quarter-finals===
The preliminary round, played on 21 April 1907:<ref name="Welt" >{{cite web |url=http://www.weltfussball.de/alle_spiele/deutsche-meisterschaft-1906-1907/ |title=Deutsche Meisterschaft 1906/1907 » Spielplan |website= Weltfussball.de |access-date= 12 January 2016|language=de|trans-title=German championship 1906–07}}</ref>
{{OneLegStart}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[BFC Viktoria 1889|Viktoria 89 Berlin]]'''||2–1|[[SV Blitz Breslau|Schlesien Breslau]]|}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[SC Victoria Hamburg]]'''||8–1|[[Düsseldorfer SC 99|Düsseldorfer FC 99]]|}}
|}
===Semi-finals===
{{football box
|date = 9 May 1907
|team1 = [[SC Victoria Hamburg]]
|score = 1 – 4
|team2 = [[BFC Viktoria 1889|Viktoria 89 Berlin]]
|report =
|goals1 = Klinkrad {{goal|40}}
|goals2 = [[Otto Dumke|Dumke]] {{goal|10}} <br /> [[Helmut Röpnack|Röpnack]] {{goal|19||65}} <br /> Reinke {{goal|90}}
|stadium = HFC 1888-Platz, [[Hamburg]]
|attendance =
|referee = Hinze
}}
----
{{football box
|date = 12 May 1907
|team1 = [[Freiburger FC]]
|score = 3 – 2
|team2 = [[1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig|VfB Leipzig]]
|report =
|goals1 = Burkart {{goal}} {{goal}} <br /> Mayer {{goal}}
|goals2 = Steinbeck {{goal}} <br /> [[Leopold Richter|Richter]] {{goal}}
|stadium = Club-Stadion an der Ziegelgasse, [[Nuremberg]]
|attendance = 1,100
|referee = Müller
}}
===Final===
{{football box
|date = 19 May 1907
|team1 = [[Freiburger FC]]
|score = 3 – 1
|team2 = [[BFC Viktoria 1889|Viktoria 89 Berlin]]
|report = [http://www.weltfussball.de/spielbericht/deutsche-meisterschaft-1907-finale-freiburger-fc-viktoria-89-berlin/ Report]
|goals1 = [[Josef Glaser|Glaser]] {{goal|30|pen.}} <br /> Burkart {{goal|57||80}}
|goals2 = [[Helmut Röpnack|Röpnack]] {{goal|43|pen.}}
|stadium = Stadion am Kanal, [[Frankenthal]]
|attendance = 3,000
|referee = Eikhof
}}
{| width="100%"
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|colspan="4"|'''FREIBURGER FC'''
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|HUN|1867}} Paul Gilly-Goldberger
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} August Falschlunger
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} L. C. de Villiers
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} Max Mayer
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} Felix Hunn
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} [[Josef Glaser]]
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} Fritz Bodenweber
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|SUI}} Henri Sydler
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} Hofherr
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} Max Haase
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} Philipp Burkart
|-
|colspan=4|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan="4"|
|}
|valign="top"|
|valign="top" width="50%"|
{| style="font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|colspan="4"|'''VIKTORIA BERLIN'''
|-
!width="25"| !!width="25"|
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} Paul Scranowitz
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} [[Helmut Röpnack]]
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} Willi Hahn
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} [[Paul Fischer (footballer)|Paul Fischer]]
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} [[Willi Knesebeck]]
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} [[Paul Hunder]]
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} Adolf Deni
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} Emil Reinke
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} Paul Kralle
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} [[Otto Dumke]]
|-
| || '''{{nbsp}}''' || {{flagicon|German Empire}} Reinhold Bock
|-
|colspan=4|'''Manager:'''
|-
|colspan="4"|
|}
|}
{| width=100% style="font-size: 90%"
| width=50% valign=top|
| width=50% valign=top|
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
===Sources===
* ''kicker Allmanach 1990'', by [[kicker (sports magazine)|kicker]], page 160 to 178 – German championship
* ''Süddeutschlands Fussballgeschichte in Tabellenform 1897-1988'' {{in lang|de}} History of Southern German football in tables, publisher & author: Ludolf Hyll
==External links==
* [http://www.weltfussball.de/spielplan/deutsche-meisterschaft-1906-1907/ German Championship 1906–07] at weltfussball.de {{in lang|de}}
* [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesd/duithistpre45.html German Championship 1907] at RSSSF
{{German football championship}}
{{1906–07 in European football (UEFA)}}
[[Category:German football championship seasons]]
[[Category:1906–07 in German football|1]]
[[Category:1906–07 in European association football leagues|German]]
| 1,193,082,553 |
[{"title": "Tournament details", "data": {"Country": "Germany", "Dates": "21 April \u2013 19 May", "Teams": "6"}}, {"title": "Final positions", "data": {"Champions": "Freiburger FC \u00b7 1st German title", "Runner-up": "Viktoria 89 Berlin"}}, {"title": "Tournament statistics", "data": {"Matches played": "5", "Goals scored": "26 (5.2 per match)", "Top goal scorer(s)": "Philipp Burkart \u00b7 Helmut R\u00f6pnack \u00b7 (4 goals each)"}}]
| false |
# 1640 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
## Events
- Early? – Poems written by Wil. Shake-speare, Gent. is published (posthumously) by John Benson in London, the first collection of Shakespeare's non-dramatic poetry, although incomplete and mangled and with some male pronouns changed to female in the sonnets (here reissued for the first time since original publication).
- English Cavalier poet Richard Lovelace, serving in the Bishops' Wars in Scotland, writes "To Lucasta, Going to the Warres" (published 1649)
## Works published
- Francis Beaumont, Poems, including a translation from the Latin poetry of Ovid's Metamorphoses, which might not be by Beaumont; several other poems in the book are definitely not by him, according to The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature[1]
- Thomas Carew, Poems, including "Coelum Brittanicum" 1634[1]
- Richard Flecknoe, The Affections of a Pious Soule, unto our Savior-Christ, prose and poetry[1]
- Ben Jonson:
- Art of Poetry, translated from the Latin of Horace; also contains Execration Against Vulcan; The Masque of the Gypsies and Epigrams to Severall Noble Personages in this Kingdome; posthumous edition[1]
- The Workes of Benjamin Jonson, the second folio; Volume 1 reprints Workes 1616[1]
- Richard Mather and John Eliot, and Thomas Weld The Whole Booke of Psalmes Faithfully Translated into English Metre, commonly known as the Bay Psalm Book, English Colonial American work[2]
- Francis Quarles, Enchyridion[1]
- Nathaniel Richards, The Tragedy of Messallina, the Roman Emperesse[1]
- John Tatham, The Fancies Theater[1]
## Births
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
- December 14 (probable date) – Aphra Behn, born Eaffrey Johnson (died 1689), English woman playwright and poet[1]
- Nozawa Bonchō 野沢 凡兆 (died 1714), Japanese haikai poet
## Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
- February/March – Richard Rowlands (born 1550), Anglo-Dutch antiquarian and writer
- March 22 – Thomas Carew (born 1595), English poet
- April 2
- Paul Fleming (born 1609), German poet and physician
- Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski (born 1595), Polish Jesuit and Latin-language poet
- April 28 (bur.) – William Alabaster (born 1567), English poet and playwright
- September 12 – William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling, (born 1567), Scottish statesman, courtier, poet and writer of rhymed tragedies
- October 1 – Claudio Achillini (born 1574), Italian polymath and poet
- Charles Aleyn, English poet
- Daniel Naborowski (born 1573), Polish Baroque poet
- Walter Quin (born c. 1575), Irish-born English court poet and author writing in English, Latin, French and Italian
|
enwiki/23019509
|
enwiki
| 23,019,509 |
1640 in poetry
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1640_in_poetry
|
2024-06-27T19:39:46Z
|
en
|
Q4551432
| 65,644 |
{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1640|poetry|literature}}
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, [[Irish poetry|Irish]] or [[French poetry|France]]).
==Events==
* Early? – ''Poems written by Wil. Shake-speare, Gent.'' is published (posthumously) by [[John Benson (publisher)|John Benson]] in London, the first collection of [[Shakespeare]]'s non-dramatic poetry, although incomplete and mangled and with some male pronouns changed to female in the [[Shakespeare's sonnets|sonnets]] (here reissued for the first time since original publication).
* English [[Cavalier poet]] [[Richard Lovelace (poet)|Richard Lovelace]], serving in the [[Bishops' Wars]] in Scotland, writes "[[To Lucasta, Going to the Warres]]" (published [[1649 in poetry|1649]])
==Works published==
* [[Francis Beaumont]], ''Poems'', including a translation from the [[Latin poetry]] of [[Ovid]]'s ''[[Metamorphoses]]'', which might not be by Beaumont; several other poems in the book are definitely not by him, according to ''The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature''<ref name=cocel>Cox, Michael, editor, ''The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature'', Oxford University Press, 2004, {{ISBN|0-19-860634-6}}</ref>
* [[Thomas Carew]], ''Poems'', including "Coelum Brittanicum" [[1634 in poetry|1634]]<ref name=cocel/>
* [[Richard Flecknoe]], ''The Affections of a Pious Soule, unto our Savior-Christ'', prose and poetry<ref name=cocel/>
* [[Ben Jonson]]:
** ''Art of Poetry'', translated from the [[Latin poetry|Latin]] of [[Horace]]; also contains ''Execration Against Vulcan''; ''The Masque of the Gypsies'' and ''Epigrams to Severall Noble Personages in this Kingdome''; posthumous edition<ref name=cocel/>
** ''The Workes of Benjamin Jonson'', the second folio; Volume 1 reprints ''Workes'' [[1616 in poetry|1616]]<ref name=cocel/>
* [[Richard Mather]] and [[John Eliot (missionary)|John Eliot]], and [[Thomas Weld (minister)|Thomas Weld]] ''The Whole Booke of Psalmes Faithfully Translated into English Metre'', commonly known as the ''[[Bay Psalm Book]]'', English [[American poetry|Colonial American]] work<ref name=rmlaal>Ludwig, Richard M., and Clifford A. Nault, Jr., ''Annals of American Literature: 1602–1983'', 1986, New York: Oxford University Press</ref>
* [[Francis Quarles]], ''Enchyridion''<ref name=cocel/>
* [[Nathaniel Richards (writer)|Nathaniel Richards]], ''The Tragedy of [[Messalina|Messallina]], the Roman Emperesse''<ref name=cocel/>
* [[John Tatham]], ''The Fancies Theater''<ref name=cocel/>
==Births==
Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* December 14 (probable date) – [[Aphra Behn]], born Eaffrey Johnson (died [[1689 in poetry|1689]]), [[English poetry|English]] woman playwright and poet<ref name=cocel/>
* [[Nozawa Bonchō]] 野沢 凡兆 (died [[1714 in poetry|1714]]), [[Japanese poetry|Japanese]] [[haikai]] poet
==Deaths==
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
* February/March – [[Richard Rowlands]] (born [[1550 in poetry|1550]]), Anglo-Dutch antiquarian and writer
* March 22 – [[Thomas Carew]] (born [[1595 in poetry|1595]]), [[English poetry|English]] poet
* April 2
** [[Paul Fleming (poet)|Paul Fleming]] (born [[1609 in poetry|1609]]), [[German poetry|German]] poet and physician
** [[Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski]] (born [[1595 in poetry|1595]]), [[Polish poetry|Polish]] Jesuit and [[Latin poetry|Latin]]-language poet
* April 28 ''(bur.)'' – [[William Alabaster]] (born [[1567 in poetry|1567]]), [[English poetry|English]] poet and playwright
* September 12 – [[William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling]], (born [[1567 in poetry|1567]]), [[Scottish poetry|Scottish]] statesman, courtier, poet and writer of rhymed tragedies
* October 1 – [[Claudio Achillini]] (born [[1574 in poetry|1574]]), [[Italian poetry|Italian]] polymath and poet
* [[Charles Aleyn]], [[English poetry|English]] poet
* [[Daniel Naborowski]] (born [[1573 in poetry|1573]]), [[Polish poetry|Polish]] Baroque poet
* [[Walter Quin]] (born c. [[1575 in poetry|1575]]), [[Irish poetry|Irish]]-born English court poet and author writing in English, Latin, French and Italian
==See also==
{{portal|Poetry}}
* [[Poetry]]
* [[17th century in poetry]]
* [[17th century in literature]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Poetry of different cultures and languages}}
{{Lists of poets}}
[[Category:17th-century poetry]]
[[Category:1640|Poetry]]
| 1,231,333,083 |
[]
| false |
# 1893 Thames by-election
The Thames by-election of 1893 was a by-election held during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the electorate of Thames.
## Background
The by-election was caused after the resignation of Liberal Party MP Alfred Cadman. The Liberals selected the incumbent Mayor of Thames, James McGowan as their candidate for Cadman's seat. After a large public gathering, it was decided not to run another candidate against McGowan in light of a general election being only months away, resulting in McGowan being elected unopposed.
|
enwiki/48513741
|
enwiki
| 48,513,741 |
1893 Thames by-election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893_Thames_by-election
|
2024-04-17T00:17:04Z
|
en
|
Q24189694
| 40,547 |
{{short description|New Zealand by-election}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1893 Thames by-election
| country = New Zealand
| flag_year = 2010
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1890 New Zealand general election
| previous_year = 1890 general
| next_election = 1893 New Zealand general election
| next_year = 1893 general
| election_date = {{Start date|1893|07|26|df=y}}
| turnout =
| image1 = [[File:James McGowan, 1908.jpg|185px]]
| candidate1 = [[James McGowan (politician)|James McGowan]]
| party1 = New Zealand Liberal Party
| popular_vote1 = elected unopposed
| percentage1 =
| swing1 =
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map =
| map_caption =
| title = Member
| before_election = [[Alfred Cadman]]
| after_election = [[James McGowan (politician)|James McGowan]]
| before_party = New Zealand Liberal Party
| after_party = New Zealand Liberal Party
| result =
}}
The '''Thames by-election of 1893''' was a [[by-election]] held during the [[11th New Zealand Parliament]] in the electorate of {{NZ electorate link|Thames}}.
==Background==
The by-election was caused after the resignation of [[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal Party]] MP [[Alfred Cadman]]. The Liberals selected the incumbent [[Mayor of Thames]], [[James McGowan (politician)|James McGowan]] as their candidate for Cadman's seat. After a large public gathering, it was decided not to run another candidate against McGowan in light of a general election being only months away, resulting in McGowan being elected unopposed.<ref name="New Zealand Telegrams">{{cite news |title=New Zealand Telegrams |url= http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=GRA18930726.2.15&srpos=23&e=-------100--1-byDA---0Thames+byZz-election-- |work=Grey River Argus |page=4 |date=24 July 1893 |accessdate=10 November 2015}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{1891–1911 New Zealand by-elections}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Thames By-Election, 1893}}
[[Category:Unopposed by-elections in New Zealand|Thames 1893]]
[[Category:1893 elections in New Zealand]]
{{NewZealand-election-stub}}
| 1,219,311,765 |
[{"title": "1893 Thames by-election", "data": {"\u2190 1890 general": "26 July 1893 \u00b7 1893 general \u2192", "Candidate": "James McGowan", "Party": "Liberal", "Popular vote": "elected unopposed", "Member before election \u00b7 Alfred Cadman \u00b7 Liberal": "Elected Member \u00b7 James McGowan \u00b7 Liberal"}}]
| false |
# 1820 Maryland gubernatorial election
The 1820 Maryland gubernatorial election was held on 11 December 1820 in order to elect the governor of Maryland. Incumbent Democratic-Republican governor Samuel Sprigg was re-elected by the Maryland General Assembly against former Federalist governor Charles Goldsborough in a rematch of the previous election.
## General election
On election day, 11 December 1820, incumbent Democratic-Republican governor Samuel Sprigg was re-elected by the Maryland General Assembly, thereby retaining Democratic-Republican control over the office of governor. Sprigg was sworn in for his second term on 18 December 1820.
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | -------------------------- | ------------------------- | ----- | ------ |
| | Democratic-Republican | Samuel Sprigg (incumbent) | 48 | 51.06 |
| | Federalist | Charles Goldsborough | 46 | 48.94 |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 94 | 100.00 |
| | Democratic-Republican hold | | | |
|
enwiki/76749031
|
enwiki
| 76,749,031 |
1820 Maryland gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820_Maryland_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-23T03:27:08Z
|
en
|
Q125881414
| 231,264 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title alone is adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1820 Maryland gubernatorial election
| country = Maryland
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1819 Maryland gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1819
| next_election = 1821 Maryland gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1821
| election_date = 11 December 1820
| image1 = [[File:Samuel Sprigg.jpg|125px]]
| nominee1 = '''[[Samuel Sprigg]]'''
| party1 = Democratic-Republican Party
| popular_vote1 = '''48'''
| percentage1 = '''51.06%'''
| image2 = [[File:Charles Goldsborough, 1802 painting.jpg|125px]]
| nominee2 = [[Charles Goldsborough]]
| party2 = Federalist Party
| popular_vote2 = 46
| percentage2 = 48.94%
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Samuel Sprigg]]
| before_party = Democratic-Republican Party
| after_election = [[Samuel Sprigg]]
| after_party = Democratic-Republican Party
}}
{{ElectionsMD}}
The '''1820 Maryland gubernatorial election''' was held on 11 December 1820 in order to elect the [[List of governors of Maryland|governor of Maryland]]. [[Incumbent]] [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] governor [[Samuel Sprigg]] was re-elected by the [[Maryland General Assembly]] against former [[Federalist Party|Federalist]] governor [[Charles Goldsborough]] [[1819 Maryland gubernatorial election|in a rematch of the previous election]].<ref name="nga">{{Cite web |title=Samuel Sprigg |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/samuel-sprigg/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |publisher=[[National Governors Association]]}}</ref>
== General election ==
On election day, 11 December 1820, incumbent [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] governor [[Samuel Sprigg]] was re-elected by the [[Maryland General Assembly]], thereby retaining Democratic-Republican control over the office of governor. Sprigg was sworn in for his second term on 18 December 1820.<ref name=GBN>{{cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122019 |title=MD Governor |publisher=ourcampaigns.com |date=25 August 2004 |access-date=27 April 2024}}</ref>
=== Results ===
{{Election box begin no change | title=Maryland gubernatorial election, 1820|
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|
|party = Democratic-Republican Party
|candidate = [[Samuel Sprigg]] (incumbent)
|votes = 48
|percentage = 51.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|
|party = Federalist Party
|candidate = [[Charles Goldsborough]]
|votes = 46
|percentage = 48.94
}}
{{Election box total no change|
|votes = 94
|percentage = 100.00
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|
|winner= Democratic-Republican Party
|loser =
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Maryland elections}}
[[Category:1820 Maryland elections]]
[[Category:Maryland gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:1820 United States gubernatorial elections]]
[[Category:December 1820]]
[[Category:Indirect elections]]
| 1,271,232,945 |
[{"title": "1820 Maryland gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1819": "11 December 1820 \u00b7 1821 \u2192", "Nominee": "Samuel Sprigg \u00b7 Charles Goldsborough", "Party": "Democratic-Republican \u00b7 Federalist", "Popular vote": "48 \u00b7 46", "Percentage": "51.06% \u00b7 48.94%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Samuel Sprigg \u00b7 Democratic-Republican": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Samuel Sprigg \u00b7 Democratic-Republican"}}]
| false |
# 1932 Nice Circuit Race
The 1932 Nice Circuit Race (officially the I Circuit de Vitesse de Nice) was a Grand Prix motor race held at Nice on 31 July 1932. The 15 lap final followed 2 heats of 10 laps and a third heat of 15 laps.
## Classification
| Pos | No | Driver | Car | Laps | Time/Retired | Diff |
| --- | -- | ----------------- | ------------- | ---- | -------------------- | --------- |
| 1 | | Louis Chiron | Bugatti T51 | 15 | 30:19.6 (95.81 km/h) | – |
| 2 | | Raymond Sommer | Alfa Romeo 8C | 15 | 30:23.0 | +3.4 sec |
| 3 | | René Dreyfus | Bugatti T51 | 15 | 30:29.0 | +9.4 sec |
| 4 | | Goffredo Zehender | Alfa Romeo 8C | 15 | 31.14.0 | +54.4 sec |
| 5 | | Louis Trintignant | Bugatti T35C | 14 | | +1 lap |
| DNF | | Benoît Falchetto | Bugatti T35B | | Accelerator | |
|
enwiki/35926636
|
enwiki
| 35,926,636 |
1932 Nice Circuit Race
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Nice_Circuit_Race
|
2024-12-09T03:34:50Z
|
en
|
Q12805453
| 31,870 |
{{refimprove|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox Grand Prix race report
|image = Grand-prix-nice-1932poster.jpg
|Type = GP
|Grand Prix = Nice
|Date = 31 July
|Year = 1932
|Official name = I Circuit de Vitesse de Nice<br>I [[Grand Prix de Nice]]
|Country = France
|Location = [[Nice]], [[France]]
|Course = Street circuit
|Course_mi = 2.006
|Course_km = 3.229
|Distance_laps = 15
|Distance_mi = 30.09
|Distance_km = 48.428
|Pole_Driver =
|Pole_Team =
|Pole_Country =
|Pole_Time =
|Grid_from_heats = true
|Fast_Driver = [[René Dreyfus]]
|Fast_Team = [[Bugatti]]
|Fast_Time = 1:58.0 (98.5 km/h)
|Fast_Country = France
|Fast_Driver2 = [[Raymond Sommer]]
|Fast_Team2 = [[Alfa Romeo]]
|Fast_Country2 = France
|First_Driver = [[Louis Chiron]]
|First_Team = [[Bugatti]]
|First_Country = Monaco
|Second_Driver = [[Raymond Sommer]]
|Second_Team = [[Alfa Romeo]]
|Second_Country = France
|Third_Driver = [[René Dreyfus]]
|Third_Team = [[Bugatti]]
|Third_Country = France
}}
The '''1932 Nice Circuit Race''' (officially the '''I Circuit de Vitesse de Nice''') was a [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] [[motor race]] held at [[Nice]] on 31 July 1932. The 15 lap final followed 2 heats of 10 laps and a third heat of 15 laps.
==Classification==
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%"
!Pos<br><ref>[https://www.goldenera.fi/gp3212.htm#48 "The Golden Era - 1932"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425074235/http://www.kolumbus.fi/leif.snellman/gp3212.htm |date=2016-04-25 }}. Goldenear.fi Leif Snellman.</ref>
<ref>[http://www.teamdan.com/archive/gen/1932.html "1932 Grands Prix"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007090338/http://www.teamdan.com/archive/gen/1932.html |date=2018-10-07 }}. TeamDan.com.</ref>
!No
!Driver
!Car
!Laps
!Time/Retired
!Diff
|-
! 1
|
| {{flagicon|MCO}} [[Louis Chiron]]
| [[Bugatti T51]]
| 15
| 30:19.6 (95.81 km/h)
| –
|-
! 2
|
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Raymond Sommer]]
| [[Alfa Romeo 8C]]
| 15
| 30:23.0
| +3.4 sec
|-
! 3
|
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Dreyfus]]
| [[Bugatti T51]]
| 15
| 30:29.0
| +9.4 sec
|-
! 4
|
| {{flagicon|ITA|1861}} [[Goffredo Zehender]]
| [[Alfa Romeo 8C]]
| 15
| 31.14.0
| +54.4 sec
|-
! 5
|
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Louis Trintignant]]
| [[Bugatti T35C]]
| 14
|
| +1 lap
|-
! DNF
|
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Benoît Falchetto]]
| [[Bugatti T35B]]
|
| Accelerator
|
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1932 in Grand Prix racing|Nice Grand Prix]]
[[Category:1932 in French motorsport|Grand Prix]]
[[Category:Sport in Nice]]
[[Category:20th century in Nice]]
| 1,262,008,935 |
[{"title": "Race details", "data": {"Date": "31 July 1932", "Official name": "I Circuit de Vitesse de Nice \u00b7 I Grand Prix de Nice", "Location": "Nice, France", "Course": "Street circuit", "Course length": "3.229 km (2.006 miles)", "Distance": "15 laps, 48.428 km (30.09 miles)"}}, {"title": "Fastest lap", "data": {"Drivers": "Ren\u00e9 Dreyfus \u00b7 Bugatti", "Fastest lap": "Raymond Sommer \u00b7 Alfa Romeo", "Time": "1:58.0 (98.5 km/h)"}}, {"title": "Podium", "data": {"First": "- Louis Chiron \u00b7 Bugatti", "Second": "- Raymond Sommer \u00b7 Alfa Romeo", "Third": "- Ren\u00e9 Dreyfus \u00b7 Bugatti"}}]
| false |
# 1908 South Dakota gubernatorial election
The 1908 South Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 3, 1908. Incumbent Republican Governor Coe I. Crawford opted to run for the U.S. Senate rather than run for re-election. State Senator Robert S. Vessey narrowly won the Republican primary over former State Representative John L. Browne and advanced to the general election, where he faced the Democratic nominee, former Governor Andrew E. Lee. Though Vessey's performance was significantly reduced from Crawford's performance in 1906, he still defeated Lee by a wide margin.
## Primary elections
Primary elections were held on June 9, 1908.
### Democratic primary
#### Candidates
- Andrew E. Lee, former Governor
#### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ----------- | ------------- | ----- | ------- |
| | Democratic | Andrew E. Lee | 7,567 | 100.00% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 7,657 | 100.00% |
### Republican primary
#### Candidates
- John L. Browne, State Representative[2]
- Robert S. Vessey, State Senator[3]
#### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ----------- | ---------------- | ------ | ------- |
| | Republican | Robert S. Vessey | 32,024 | 50.93% |
| | Republican | John L. Browne | 30,860 | 49.07% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 62,884 | 100.00% |
### Socialist primary
#### Candidates
- J. C. Knapp
#### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
| ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----- | ------- |
| | Socialist | J. C. Knapp | 451 | 100.00% |
| Total votes | Total votes | Total votes | 451 | 100.00% |
## General election
### Results
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | --------------- | ---------------- | ------- | ------- | ------- |
| | Republican | Robert S. Vessey | 62,989 | 55.34% | −9.97% |
| | Democratic | Andrew E. Lee | 44,876 | 39.39% | +12.68% |
| | Prohibition | G. F. Knappen | 3,536 | 3.11% | −1.45% |
| | Socialist | J. C. Knapp | 2,542 | 2.15% | −1.25% |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 18,113 | 15.95% | −22.65% |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 113,943 | 100.00% | |
| | Republican hold | | | | |
|
enwiki/65788192
|
enwiki
| 65,788,192 |
1908 South Dakota gubernatorial election
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_South_Dakota_gubernatorial_election
|
2025-01-31T02:52:56Z
|
en
|
Q104868943
| 150,908 |
{{short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1908 South Dakota gubernatorial election
| country = South Dakota
| flag_year =
| flag_image =
| type = Presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1906 South Dakota gubernatorial election
| previous_year = 1906
| next_election = 1910 South Dakota gubernatorial election
| next_year = 1910
| election_date = November 3, 1908
| image1 = File:RobertSVessey.jpg
| image_size = 150x150px
| nominee1 = '''[[Robert S. Vessey]]'''
| party1 = Republican Party (United States)
| popular_vote1 = '''62,989'''
| percentage1 = '''55.28%'''
| image2 = File:Andrew E. Lee.jpg
| nominee2 = [[Andrew E. Lee]]
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| popular_vote2 = 44,876
| percentage2 = 39.39%
| map_image = 1908 South Dakota gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
| map_size = 250px
| map_caption = County results<br/>'''Vessey:''' {{legend0|#ffb2b2|40–50%}} {{legend0|#e27f7f|50–60%}} {{legend0|#d75d5d|60–70%}} {{legend0|#d72f30|70–80%}}<br/>'''Lee:''' {{legend0|#7996e2|50–60%}}<br/>'''No Vote:''' {{legend0|#cccccc}}
| title = Governor
| before_election = [[Coe I. Crawford]]
| before_party = Republican Party (United States)
| after_election = [[Robert S. Vessey]]
| after_party = Republican Party (United States)
}}
{{ElectionsSD}}
The '''1908 South Dakota gubernatorial election''' was held on November 3, 1908. Incumbent Republican Governor [[Coe I. Crawford]] opted to [[1909 United States Senate election in South Dakota|run for the U.S. Senate]] rather than run for re-election. State Senator [[Robert S. Vessey]] narrowly won the Republican primary over former State Representative John L. Browne and advanced to the general election, where he faced the Democratic nominee, former Governor [[Andrew E. Lee]]. Though Vessey's performance was significantly reduced from Crawford's performance in [[1906 South Dakota gubernatorial election|1906]], he still defeated Lee by a wide margin.
==Primary elections==
[[Partisan primary|Primary elections]] were held on June 9, 1908.
===Democratic primary===
====Candidates====
*[[Andrew E. Lee]], former [[Governor of South Dakota|Governor]]
====Results====
{{Election box begin no change
| title = Democratic primary results<ref name="2005 legislative manual">{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|editor1-first=Nelson|editor1-last=Nelson|editor2-last=Heinrich|editor2-first=Chad W.|date=2005|chapter=Chapter 8: Elections|title=Legislative Manual: South Dakota, 2005|url=http://sdsdl-montage.auto-graphics.com/#/item-details/entities_1092?from=search-results|location=Pierre, S.D.|page=631}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Andrew E. Lee
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 7,567
| percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 7,657
| percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box end}}
===Republican primary===
====Candidates====
*John L. Browne, [[South Dakota House of Representatives|State Representative]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sdlegislature.gov/#/Historical/Legislator/Profile/1906 |title=John L. Browne |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=South Dakota Legislature |access-date=8 November 2020 }}</ref>
*[[Robert S. Vessey]], [[South Dakota Senate|State Senator]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sdlegislature.gov/#/Historical/Legislator/Profile/268 |title=Robert S. Vessey |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=South Dakota Legislature |access-date=8 November 2020 }}</ref>
====Results====
{{Election box begin no change
| title = Republican primary results<ref name="2005 legislative manual"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Robert S. Vessey
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 32,024
| percentage = 50.93%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = John L. Browne
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 30,860
| percentage = 49.07%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 62,884
| percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box end}}
===Socialist primary===
====Candidates====
*J. C. Knapp
====Results====
{{Election box begin no change
| title = Socialist primary results<ref name="2005 legislative manual"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = J. C. Knapp
| party = Socialist Party (United States)
| votes = 451
| percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 451
| percentage = 100.00%
}}
{{Election box end}}
==General election==
===Results===
{{Election box begin | title=1908 South Dakota gubernatorial election<ref name="2005 legislative manual"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Robert S. Vessey]]
| votes = 62,989
| percentage = 55.34%
| change = -9.97%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Andrew E. Lee]]
| votes = 44,876
| percentage = 39.39%
| change = +12.68%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Prohibition Party (United States)
| candidate = G. F. Knappen
| votes = 3,536
| percentage = 3.11%
| change = -1.45%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Socialist Party (United States)
| candidate = J. C. Knapp
| votes = 2,542
| percentage = 2.15%
| change = -1.25%
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 18,113
| percentage = 15.95%
| change = -22.65%
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 113,943
| percentage = 100.00%
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
| winner = Republican Party (United States)
| loser = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{1908 United States elections}}
[[Category:South Dakota gubernatorial elections|1908]]
[[Category:1908 United States gubernatorial elections|South Dakota]]
[[Category:1908 South Dakota elections|Gubernatorial]]
[[Category:November 1908 in the United States]]
| 1,272,972,504 |
[{"title": "1908 South Dakota gubernatorial election", "data": {"\u2190 1906": "November 3, 1908 \u00b7 1910 \u2192", "Nominee": "Robert S. Vessey \u00b7 Andrew E. Lee", "Party": "Republican \u00b7 Democratic", "Popular vote": "62,989 \u00b7 44,876", "Percentage": "55.28% \u00b7 39.39%", "Governor before election \u00b7 Coe I. Crawford \u00b7 Republican": "Elected Governor \u00b7 Robert S. Vessey \u00b7 Republican"}}]
| false |
# 1646 in China
Events from the year 1646 in China.
## Incumbents
- Qing dynasty - Shunzhi Emperor
- Co-regent: Dorgon
- Co-regent: Jirgalang
- Southern Ming pretender - Longwu Emperor (Zhu Yujian)
- Xi dynasty - Zhang Xianzhong
## Events
- Transition from Ming to Qing
- February 1646 — Qing armies seized land west of the Qiantang River from the Lu regime and defeated a ragtag force representing the Longwu Emperor in northeastern Jiangxi.[1]
- May — Qing forces besiege Ganzhou, the last Ming bastion in Jiangxi.[2]
- July, a new Southern Campaign led by Prince Bolo sent Prince Lu's Zhejiang regime into disarray and proceeded to attack the Longwu regime in Fujian.[3]
- late September 1646 the Longwu court left their Fujian base, but the Qing army caught up with them.[4]
- 6 October — Longwu and his empress were summarily executed in Tingzhou (western Fujian) on.[5]
- 17 October — Fuzhou falls to the Qing, Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Qing and his son Koxinga fled to the island of Taiwan with his fleet.[5]
- 11 December 1646 — The Longwu Emperor's younger brother Zhu Yuyue, takes the reign title Shaowu (紹武) who had fled Fuzhou by sea, soon founded another Ming regime in Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong province[6] Short of official costumes, the court had to purchase robes from local theater troops.[6]
- 24 December — Prince of Gui Zhu Youlang established the Yongli (永曆) regime in the same vicinity.[6]
- Sichuan massacre
## Deaths
- Longwu Emperor of the Southern Ming
|
enwiki/58284646
|
enwiki
| 58,284,646 |
1646 in China
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1646_in_China
|
2024-09-03T06:06:20Z
|
en
|
Q25547510
| 101,631 |
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{refimprove||date=September 2018}}
{{expand list|date=July 2018}}
{{Year in China|1646}}
Events from the year '''1646 in [[China]]'''.
== Incumbents ==
* [[Qing dynasty]] - [[Shunzhi Emperor]]
** Co-regent: [[Dorgon]]
** Co-regent: [[Jirgalang]]
* [[Southern Ming]] pretender - [[Longwu Emperor]] ([[Zhu Yujian]])
* [[Xi dynasty]] - [[Zhang Xianzhong]]
== Events ==
* [[Transition from Ming to Qing]]
** February 1646 — Qing armies seized land west of the [[Qiantang River]] from the Lu regime and defeated a ragtag force representing the Longwu Emperor in northeastern Jiangxi.{{sfn|Struve|1988|pp=670, 673}}
** May — Qing forces besiege [[Ganzhou]], the last Ming bastion in Jiangxi.{{sfn|Struve|1988|p=674}}
** July, a new Southern Campaign led by [[Bolo (prince)|Prince Bolo]] sent Prince Lu's Zhejiang regime into disarray and proceeded to attack the Longwu regime in Fujian.{{sfn|Struve|1988|p=675}}
** late September 1646 the Longwu court left their Fujian base, but the Qing army caught up with them.{{sfn|Struve|1988|pp=675–676}}
** 6 October — Longwu and his empress were summarily executed in [[Tingzhou fu|Tingzhou]] (western Fujian) on.{{sfn|Struve|1988|p=676}}
** 17 October — Fuzhou falls to the Qing, [[Zheng Zhilong]] surrendered to the Qing and his son [[Koxinga]] fled to the island of [[Taiwan]] with his fleet.{{sfn|Struve|1988|p=676}}
** 11 December 1646 — The Longwu Emperor's younger brother Zhu Yuyue, takes the reign title Shaowu (紹武) who had fled Fuzhou by sea, soon founded another Ming regime in [[Guangzhou]], the capital of [[Guangdong]] province{{sfn|Wakeman|1985|p=737}} Short of official costumes, the court had to purchase robes from local theater troops.{{sfn|Wakeman|1985|p=737}}
** 24 December — [[Prince of Gui]] Zhu Youlang established the Yongli (永曆) regime in the same vicinity.{{sfn|Wakeman|1985|p=737}}
* [[Sichuan massacre]]
== Deaths ==
* [[Longwu Emperor]] of the Southern Ming
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation |last=Struve|first=Lynn|year=1988|chapter=The Southern Ming |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tyhT9SZRLS8C&pg=PA641 |title=Cambridge History of China, Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644 |editor-last=Frederic W. Mote |editor2=Denis Twitchett |editor3=John King Fairbank |pages=641–725|location=Cambridge, England |publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-24332-2}}
* {{citation|last=Wakeman|first=Frederic Jr.|author-link=Frederic Wakeman|title=The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-Century China|year=1985|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA |isbn=978-0-520-04804-1}}.
{{refend}}
{{Years in the Qing dynasty}}
{{Year in Asia|1646}}
[[Category:1646 in China| ]]
| 1,243,748,793 |
[{"title": "", "data": {"\u2190 - 1645 - 1644 - 1643 - 1642 - 1641": "1646 \u00b7 in \u00b7 China \u00b7 \u2192 - 1647 - 1648 - 1649 - 1650 - 1651", "Decades": "1620s 1630s 1640s 1650s 1660s", "See also": "Other events of 1646 \u00b7 History of China \u2022 Timeline \u2022 Years"}}]
| false |
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