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# Lajia, Qinghai
Ra'gya or Lajia (Tibetan: རྭ་རྒྱ་གྲོང་བརྡལ།, Chinese: 拉加镇) is a town in Maqên County, Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China. In 2010, Ra'gya had a total population of 12,045 people: 6,405 males and 5,640 females: 3,502 under 14 years old, 7,920 aged between 15 and 64 and 623 over 65 years old.
|
enwiki/69352917
|
enwiki
| 69,352,917
|
Lajia, Qinghai
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajia,_Qinghai
|
2023-09-27T01:46:06Z
|
en
|
Q11076880
| 38,861
|
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Ra'gya
| length_km =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_rural_km2 =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_total_km2 = 2593
| area_blank2_title = <!-- square kilometers -->
| leader_party =
| area_blank1_title =
| leader_title =
| area_note =
| area_magnitude = <!-- <ref> </re> -->
| area_metro_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </re> -->
| area_rural_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </re> -->
| area_urban_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </re> -->
| area_footnotes = <ref name=citypop/>
| unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->| area_blank1_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_rank =
| timezone1 = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| iso_code =
| area_code = 975
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in China|Local dialing code]]
| postal_code =
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in China|Postal code]]
| utc_offset1 = +8
| population_note =
| width_km =
| population_demonym =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_as_of = 2010
| population_total = 12045
| population_footnotes = <ref name=citypop/>
| elevation_m =
| elevation_footnotes =
| dimensions_footnotes =
| leader_name =
| area_blank2_km2 =
| native_name = {{lang|zh-hans|拉加镇}} · {{bo-textonly|རྭ་རྒྱ་གྲོང་བརྡལ།}}
| other_name = Lajia
| image_seal =
| government_footnotes =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| image_map =
| motto =
| nickname =
| shield_alt =
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| pushpin_map = China Qinghai
| subdivision_type3 = [[Counties of China|County]]
| image_flag =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| image_skyline =
| settlement_type = [[Towns of China|Town]]
| native_name_lang =
| pushpin_label = Ra'gya
| pushpin_map_alt =
| flag_alt =
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| seat =
| seat_type =
| founder =
| established_date =
| established_title =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type4 = Village-level divisions
| subdivision_name3 = [[Maqên County|Maqên]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture|Golog]]
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Qinghai
| subdivision_type2 = [[Autonomous prefecture]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Qinghai]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of the People's Republic of China|Province]]
| subdivision_name = China
| subdivision_type = Country
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates = {{coord|34|40|47|N|100|38|26|E|region:CN-63|display=inline,title}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Ra'gya''' or '''Lajia''' ({{bo|t=རྭ་རྒྱ་གྲོང་བརྡལ།}}, {{zh|s=拉加镇}}) is a town in [[Maqên County]], [[Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture]], [[Qinghai]], [[China]]. In 2010, Ra'gya had a total population of 12,045 people: 6,405 males and 5,640 females: 3,502 under 14 years old, 7,920 aged between 15 and 64 and 623 over 65 years old.<ref name="citypop">{{Cite web|title=Lóngzàng Xiāng (Xīnghăi Xiàn, Hăinán Prefecture, China) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/townships/golog/m%C4%83q%C3%ACn_xi%C3%A0n/632621101__l%C4%81ji%C4%81_zh%C3%A8n/|access-date=2021-11-22|website=citypopulation.de}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Qinghai-geo-stub}}
[[Category:Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture]]
[[Category:Township-level divisions of Qinghai]]
| 1,177,286,256
|
[{"title": "Ra'gya \u62c9\u52a0\u9547 \u00b7 \u0f62\u0fad\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f0b\u0f42\u0fb2\u0f7c\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f62\u0fa1\u0f63\u0f0dLajia", "data": {"Country": "China", "Province": "Qinghai", "Autonomous prefecture": "Golog", "County": "Maq\u00ean"}}, {"title": "Area", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "2,593 km2 (1,001 sq mi)"}}, {"title": "Population (2010)", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "12,045", "\u2022 Density": "4.6/km2 (12/sq mi)", "Time zone": "UTC+8 (China Standard)", "Local dialing code": "975"}}]
| false
|
# List of concessionnaires of the French Congo
In an attempt to develop the French Congo the government of France divided the territory in concessions for companies to develop. These several dozen companies controlled huge swaths of land, but had only limited success in trying to develop them. Most were merged into several larger companies that were more strictly controlled by the state after the French Congo was dissolved in 1906.
## List of companies
With the size of their concessions in km2.
- Société agricole et commerciale de du Bas-Ogooué, 1200
- Société brettone du Congo, 2000
- Compagnie du Bavili-M'Banio, 2800
- Société de l'Ogooué-N'Gouiné, 3350
- Société coloniale du Baniembé, 3600
- Compagnie franco-congolaise de la Sangha, 3800
- Société de la K'Keni et N'Kémé, 3950
- Société des factoreries de N'Ddjolé, 4200
- Compagnie de la Sangha, 5300
- Société de la Sangha équatoriale, 5490
- Société commerciale coloniale de la Mamberé-Sangha, 5600
- Société commerciale et agricole de la Kadéï-Sangha, 6500
- Compagnie française de l'Oubanghi-Ombella, 7000
- Compagnie de la Haute-N'Gounié, 7100
- Société de l'Ekela-Sangha, 7800
- Compagnie de la Mobaye, 8000
- Société de l'Ongomo, 8200
- Société de l'Afrique française, 9350
- Compagnie commerciale de Colonisation du Congo français, 12,400
- Société de la Kadéï-Sangha, 12,900
- Société de la Haut-Sangha, 13,050
- Compagnie agricole et coloniale et industrielle de la Léfini, 13,700
- Compagnie de la N'Goko Ouesso, 14,000
- Compagnie du Kouango français, 15,000
- Société de l'Ibenga, 15,000
- Compagnie du Kouango-Oubanghi, 15,300
- Société des établissments Gratry M'Poko, 16,500
- Compagnie générale du Fernand Vaz, 17,300
- Compagnie des produits de la Sangha Lipa-Ouesso, 18,000
- Société de la Setté Cama, 19,000
- Société agricole et commerciale de l'Alima, 20,200
- Compagnie française du Congo occidental, 21,700
- Compagnie des Caoutchoucs et produits de la Lobay, 32,400
- Société de l'Afrique équatorial, 33,850
- Compagnie française du Haut-Congo, 36,000
- Compagnie française du Congo, 43,000
- Société commerciale, industrielle, et agricole, du Haut-Ogooué, 104,000
- Société des Sultanats du Haut-Oubanghi, 140,000
|
enwiki/1251535
|
enwiki
| 1,251,535
|
List of concessionnaires of the French Congo
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_concessionnaires_of_the_French_Congo
|
2022-04-10T17:27:59Z
|
en
|
Q6613184
| 17,879
|
{{short description|None}}
[[Image:Plantation French Congo Léfini 1905.jpg|thumb|right|300px|French Congo. "Mr. Ferrière's Rubber Plantation, settler on the Léfini". In the foreground, rubber trunks and workers in the background, c. 1905]]
In an attempt to develop the [[French Congo]] the government of [[France]] divided the territory in concessions for companies to develop. These several dozen companies controlled huge swaths of land, but had only limited success in trying to develop them. Most were merged into several larger companies that were more strictly controlled by the state after the French Congo was dissolved in 1906.
==List of companies==
With the size of their concessions in km<sup>2</sup>.
*[[Société agricole et commerciale de du Bas-Ogooué]], 1200
*[[Société brettone du Congo]], 2000
*[[Compagnie du Bavili-M'Banio]], 2800
*[[Société de l'Ogooué-N'Gouiné]], 3350
*[[Société coloniale du Baniembé]], 3600
*[[Compagnie franco-congolaise de la Sangha]], 3800
*[[Société de la K'Keni et N'Kémé]], 3950
*[[Société des factoreries de N'Ddjolé]], 4200
*[[Compagnie de la Sangha]], 5300
*[[Société de la Sangha équatoriale]], 5490
*[[Société commerciale coloniale de la Mamberé-Sangha]], 5600
*[[Société commerciale et agricole de la Kadéï-Sangha]], 6500
*[[Compagnie française de l'Oubanghi-Ombella]], 7000
*[[Compagnie de la Haute-N'Gounié]], 7100
*[[Société de l'Ekela-Sangha]], 7800
*[[Compagnie de la Mobaye]], 8000
*[[Société de l'Ongomo]], 8200
*[[Société de l'Afrique française]], 9350
*[[Compagnie commerciale de Colonisation du Congo français]], 12,400
*[[Société de la Kadéï-Sangha]], 12,900
*[[Société de la Haut-Sangha]], 13,050
*[[Compagnie agricole et coloniale et industrielle de la Léfini]], 13,700
*[[Compagnie de la N'Goko Ouesso]], 14,000
*[[Compagnie du Kouango français]], 15,000
*[[Société de l'Ibenga]], 15,000
*[[Compagnie du Kouango-Oubanghi]], 15,300
*[[Société des établissments Gratry M'Poko]], 16,500
*[[Compagnie générale du Fernand Vaz]], 17,300
*[[Compagnie des produits de la Sangha Lipa-Ouesso]], 18,000
*[[Société de la Setté Cama]], 19,000
*[[Société agricole et commerciale de l'Alima]], 20,200
*[[Compagnie française du Congo occidental]], 21,700
*[[Compagnie des Caoutchoucs et produits de la Lobay]], 32,400
*[[Société de l'Afrique équatorial]], 33,850
*[[Compagnie française du Haut-Congo]], 36,000
*[[Compagnie française du Congo]], 43,000
*[[Société commerciale, industrielle, et agricole, du Haut-Ogooué]], 104,000
*[[Société des Sultanats du Haut-Oubanghi]], 140,000
[[Category:Companies of Overseas France]]
| 1,081,962,904
|
[]
| false
|
# Mo Yasin
Mohammed "Mo" Yasin (Urdu: محمد یاسین) is a Pakistani squash coach and retired squash player from Pakistan. One of the leading players in the game in the 1970s, Yasin was a finalist in the 1974 British Open.Yasin is very famous for beating World champion Jonah Barington and preventing him for equalling Hashim Khan's record of 7 British Open Titles at that time in 1974. He did not play the final due to his ankle injury while playing with Qamar Zaman in the semi-final.
|
enwiki/3869854
|
enwiki
| 3,869,854
|
Mo Yasin
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo_Yasin
|
2025-01-03T11:03:31Z
|
en
|
Q16887142
| 19,379
|
{{short description|Pakistani squash player and coach}}
'''Mohammed "Mo" Yasin''' ({{langx|ur|محمد یاسین}}) is a Pakistani [[Squash (sport)|squash]] coach and [[retired]] squash player from [[Pakistan]]. One of the leading players in the game in the 1970s, Yasin was a finalist in the 1974 [[British Open Squash Championships|British Open]].Yasin is very famous for beating World champion Jonah Barington and preventing him for equalling Hashim Khan's record of 7 British Open Titles at that time in 1974. He did not play the final due to his ankle injury while playing with Qamar Zaman in the semi-final.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.squashinfo.com/player/1459-mo-yasin|title=Squash Info - Mo Yasin - Squash|website=www.squashinfo.com|access-date=18 January 2019}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116212049/http://squashtalk.com/html/history/britishopen.htm |title=British Open champions }}
* {{Squash Info}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yasin, Mo}}
[[Category:Pakistani male squash players]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani sportsmen]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
{{Pakistan-squash-bio-stub}}
| 1,267,050,520
|
[]
| false
|
# NGC 901
NGC 901 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Aries. It is estimated to be 441 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 50,000 ly. NGC 901 was discovered on September 5, 1864, by Albert Marth.
|
enwiki/63432250
|
enwiki
| 63,432,250
|
NGC 901
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_901
|
2023-05-13T13:31:48Z
|
en
|
Q1040083
| 94,363
|
{{short description|Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Aries}}
{{Infobox galaxy
| name = NGC 901
| image = [[File:NGC 0901 SDSS.jpg|250px]]
| caption = [[Sloan Digital Sky Survey|SDSS]] image of NGC 901
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| constellation name = [[Aries (constellation)|Aries]]
| ra = {{RA|02|23|34.09}}<ref name=NED/>
| dec = {{DEC|+26|33|25.4}}<ref name=NED/>
| z = 0.0326<ref name=NED/>
| h_radial_v = 9774 km/s<ref name=NED/>
| dist_ly = {{cvt|140.60|±|9.85|Mpc|Mly|lk=on|order=flip}}<ref name=NED>{{cite web|url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=NGC%20901&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1|title=Results for object NGC 0901 (NGC 901)|work=NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database|publisher=California Institute of Technology|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref>
| group_cluster =
| type = E<ref name=LEDA>{{cite web|url=http://leda.univ-lyon1.fr/ledacat.cgi?PGC%20212967|title= Search specification: PGC 212967 |work=HyperLeda|publisher=Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref>
| size =
| appmag_v =
| appmag_b = 15.66<ref name=LEDA/>
| absmag_v =
| size_v =
| notes =
| names = {{odlist|UGC=|MCG=|PGC=212967}}<ref name=NED/>
}}
'''NGC 901''' is an [[elliptical galaxy]] in the [[Aries (constellation)|constellation Aries]]. It is estimated to be 441 million [[Light-year|light years]] from the [[Milky Way]] and has a [[diameter]] of approximately 50,000 ly. NGC 901 was discovered on September 5, 1864, by [[Albert Marth]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NGC+901&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES|title=Your NED Search Results|website=ned.ipac.caltech.edu|access-date=2020-03-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spider.seds.org/ngc/revngcic.cgi?NGC%20901|title=Revised NGC Data for NGC 901|website=spider.seds.org|access-date=2020-03-21}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[List of NGC objects (1–1000)]]
== References ==
<references />
== External links ==
* {{commons category-inline}}
{{Ngc10}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Aries (constellation)]]
[[Category:NGC objects|0901]]
[[Category:Elliptical galaxies]]
[[Category:Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects|212967]]
{{Elliptical-galaxy-stub}}
| 1,154,593,991
|
[{"title": "Observation data (J2000 epoch)", "data": {"Constellation": "Aries", "Right ascension": "02h 23m 34.09s", "Declination": "+26\u00b0 33\u2032 25.4\u2033", "Redshift": "0.0326", "Heliocentric radial velocity": "9774 km/s", "Distance": "458.6 \u00b1 32.1 Mly (140.60 \u00b1 9.85 Mpc)", "Apparent magnitude (B)": "15.66"}}, {"title": "Characteristics", "data": {"Type": "E"}}, {"title": "Other designations", "data": {"Other designations": "PGC 212967"}}]
| false
|
# Loving Rona
Loving Rona, is a 2021 Nigerian romantic drama film directed by Luke Aire Oyovbaire and co-produced by Alex Odinigwe and Chidi Umeoji. The film stars Meg Otanwa and Gideon Okeke in the lead roles whereas Fiona Garba, Jeff (Bankz) Nweke and Erica Bale Opia made supportive roles. The film deals with a love affair between a young wealthy businesswoman Rona and her Garden boy Benny after they planned to stop the romance between Alex, Rona's ex fiancée and Jackie, his supposed masseur.
The film made its premier on 20 August 2021. The film received mixed reviews from critics.
## Cast
- Meg Otanwa as Rona Adams
- Gideon Okeke as Benny Ramsey
- Fiona Garba as Jackie
- Jeff Bankz Nweke as Alex
- Erica Bale Opia as Emma
- Ummi Baba Ahmed as Judith
- Jide Bolarinwa
- Patricia Egbon
## Awards and nominations
| Year | Award | Category | Recipient | Result | Ref |
| ---- | ----------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------ | ------- | ----- |
| 2022 | Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards | Best Actor in A Comedy | Gideon Okeke | Pending | [ 9 ] |
|
enwiki/68886527
|
enwiki
| 68,886,527
|
Loving Rona
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loving_Rona
|
2023-03-10T10:34:53Z
|
en
|
Q108933787
| 34,681
|
{{short description|2021 Nigerian romantic drama film}}
{{Use Nigerian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Loving Rona
| image = Loving Rona poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = Luke Aire Oyovbaire
| producer = Alex Odinigwe and Chidi Umeoji
| story =
| writer =
| starring = Meg Otanwa <br> Gideon Okeke <br> Fiona Garba<br> Jeff (Bankz) Nweke <br> Erica Bale Opia
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = Lex Sparkles production
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2021|8|20}} (Nigeria)
| runtime =
| country = Nigeria
| language = English
| gross =
| budget =
}}
'''''Loving Rona''''', is a 2021 [[Nigeria]]n romantic drama film directed by Luke Aire Oyovbaire and co-produced by Alex Odinigwe and Chidi Umeoji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-26 |title=Loving Rona: Watch new trailer |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/loving-rona-watch-new-trailer/y8877fq |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> The film stars Meg Otanwa and Gideon Okeke in the lead roles whereas Fiona Garba, Jeff (Bankz) Nweke and Erica Bale Opia made supportive roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LOVING RONA |url=https://mcrystal.com.ng/loving-rona/ |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=Mcrystal Cinema |language=en-US}}</ref> The film deals with a love affair between a young wealthy businesswoman Rona and her Garden boy Benny after they planned to stop the romance between Alex, Rona's ex fiancée and Jackie, his supposed masseur.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chioma |first=Ella |date=2021-08-30 |title=Loving Rona Review: The Love Triangle Movie |url=https://www.kemifilani.ng/2021/08/loving-rona-review-the-love-triangle-movie.html |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=Kemi Filani News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okporu |first=Rachel |date=2021-08-30 |title=Loving Rona Review: The Love Triangle Movie |url=https://247newsaroundtheworld.com/africa/loving-rona-review-the-love-triangle-movie/ |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=247 News Around The World |language=en-US}}</ref>
The film made its premier on 20 August 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=bruce |first=Ebiegberi silver |date=2021-07-26 |title='Loving Rona' To Hit Cinema's In August |url=https://nigerdeltaconnect.com/loving-rona-hits-cinemas-in-august/ |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=nigerdeltaconnect.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The film received mixed reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=John |first=Jeremiah |date=2021-08-24 |title=Movie Review: Although a Worn Love Story, 'Loving Rona' Manages a Few Laughs |url=https://whatkeptmeup.com/2021/08/24/movie-review-although-a-worn-love-story-loving-rona-manages-a-few-laughs/ |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=What Kept Me Up |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ajao |first=Kunle |date=2021-08-24 |title=Movie Review: 'Loving Rona' and how not to make a Rom-Com |url=https://sodasandpopcorn.ng/movie-review-loving-rona-how-not-to-make-a-rom-com/ |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=Sodas 'N' Popcorn Blog |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shed |first=Cinema |date=2021-08-18 |title=Loving Rona Movie Review |url=https://cinemashed.com/loving-rona-movie-review/ |access-date=2021-10-04 |website=CINEMA SHED |language=en-GB}}</ref>
==Cast==
* [[Meg Otanwa]] as Rona Adams
* [[Gideon Okeke]] as Benny Ramsey
* Fiona Garba as Jackie
* Jeff Bankz Nweke as Alex
* Erica Bale Opia as Emma
* Ummi Baba Ahmed as Judith
* Jide Bolarinwa
* Patricia Egbon
== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Recipient
!Result
!Ref
|-
|2022
|[[2022 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards]]
|Best Actor in A Comedy
|Gideon Okeke
| {{pending}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=2022 Africa Magic Awards Nominees don land- See who dey list |work=BBC News Pidgin |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-60818021 |access-date=2022-03-26}}</ref>
|}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:English-language Nigerian films]]
[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:2021 drama films]]
[[Category:2020s English-language films]]
[[Category:Nigerian drama films]]
[[Category:Nigerian romantic drama films]]
| 1,143,860,784
|
[{"title": "Loving Rona", "data": {"Directed by": "Luke Aire Oyovbaire", "Produced by": "Alex Odinigwe and Chidi Umeoji", "Starring": "Meg Otanwa \u00b7 Gideon Okeke \u00b7 Fiona Garba \u00b7 Jeff (Bankz) Nweke \u00b7 Erica Bale Opia", "Production \u00b7 company": "Lex Sparkles production", "Release date": "- 20 August 2021 (Nigeria)", "Country": "Nigeria", "Language": "English"}}]
| false
|
# Lamprosema aurantifascialis
Lamprosema aurantifascialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1896. It is found in India.
|
enwiki/44923814
|
enwiki
| 44,923,814
|
Lamprosema aurantifascialis
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamprosema_aurantifascialis
|
2023-11-29T11:20:25Z
|
en
|
Q13381799
| 27,994
|
{{Short description|Species of moth}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| taxon = Lamprosema aurantifascialis
| authority = ([[George Hampson|Hampson]], 1896)
| synonyms = *''Nacoleia aurantifascialis'' <small>Hampson, 1896</small>
}}
'''''Lamprosema aurantifascialis''''' is a [[moth]] in the family [[Crambidae]]. It was described by [[George Hampson]] in 1896.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nuss |first=M. |display-authors=etal |date=2003–2014 |url=http://globiz.pyraloidea.org/Pages/Reports/TaxonReport.aspx |title=GlobIZ search |website=Global Information System on Pyraloidea |accessdate=July 15, 2014}}</ref> It is found in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=De Prins |first1=J. |last2=De Prins |first2=W. |name-list-style=amp |date=2018 |url=http://www.afromoths.net/species_by_code/LAMPAURA |title=''Lamprosema aurantifascialis'' (Hampson, 1896) |website=Afromoths |accessdate=October 28, 2018}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar |from=Q13381799}}
[[Category:Moths described in 1896]]
[[Category:Lamprosema]]
[[Category:Moths of Asia]]
{{Lamprosema-stub}}
| 1,187,462,207
|
[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Domain": "Eukaryota", "Kingdom": "Animalia", "Phylum": "Arthropoda", "Class": "Insecta", "Order": "Lepidoptera", "Family": "Crambidae", "Genus": "Lamprosema", "Species": "L. aurantifascialis"}}, {"title": "Binomial name", "data": {"Binomial name": "Lamprosema aurantifascialis \u00b7 (Hampson, 1896)"}}, {"title": "Synonyms", "data": {"Synonyms": "- Nacoleia aurantifascialis Hampson, 1896"}}]
| false
|
# Leon Drolet
Leon Drolet (born January 9, 1967) is a Michigan Republican politician and Anti-tax activist elected Macomb County Commissioner. He is a political activist known for his conservative fiscal views, which have caused criticism from politicians from both sides, including Candace Miller, L. Brooks Patterson and Mark Hackel. From 2001 to 2006, Drolet served in the Michigan House of Representatives. Drolet also served as a Macomb County, Michigan county commissioner from 1999 to 2000 and from 2006 to 2008. Drolet was active in the Southeast Michigan Tea Party Movement.
## Michigan Civil Rights Initiative chairmanship
In the 2006 election, he acted as statewide Chair of the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative. The Michigan Civil Rights Initiative used the petition process to place a state constitutional amendment (Proposal 2 of November 2006) before voters that prohibits governments in Michigan from discriminating against, or giving preferential treatment to, any citizen on the basis of race, gender, ethnicity or national origin in the operation of government hiring, contracting, or state university admissions. The amendment was approved by 58% of voters despite the fact that proponents were heavily outspent in the campaign by opponents who supported race-based government preference programs.
## Eminent domain reform
During his final term in the state legislature, Drolet co-authored a state constitutional amendment that prohibited governments in Michigan from using their power of eminent domain to seize citizens' private property and turn it over to new owners for their private use. This proposed amendment was Proposal 4 in the November 2006 election and was overwhelmingly adopted by voters.
## Michigan Taxpayers Alliance recall effort
After serving his final term in the Michigan state House, Drolet founded the Michigan Taxpayers Alliance, which he currently serves as chairman. In 2008, Drolet served as Treasurer of Michigan Recalls, which sought the recalls of several state legislators for their votes in favor of income and business tax increases during Michigan's budget crisis in 2007.
After a highly acrimonious petition drive and numerous local and federal court battles, Drolet was obtained the needed signatures to force a recall election against the Speaker of the Michigan House, Andy Dillon (D-Redford Twp.).The prolonged court battles, however, had the effect of postponing the recall election from the targeted August 2008 primary ballot to the November 2008 general election ballot. Speaker Dillon won the recall vote by a significant margin and was reelected to office.
### Case law
Legal disputes over petition irregularities cited in challenges by Representative Dillon lead to the case of Bogaert v. Land. In the ruling, United States District Judge Robert Holmes Bell agreed with recall supporters that part of Michigan's law governing recall signature gathering was unconstitutional because it infringed on political speech rights protected in the First Amendment. Bell ruled that signatures from voters inside Dillon's district should be counted even if they were collected by petition circulators who lived outside the district or weren't registered to vote. Under Michigan law, those signatures were not previously considered valid.
### Award
Drolet received the 2008 Defender of Liberty Award from the Libertarian Party of Michigan. Drolet's work on the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative, eminent domain reform, the Andy Dillon Recall effort, and legislation he authored relating to third-party ballot access were cited as reasons for the award.
## 2010 State Senate campaign
In 2010, Drolet ran for an open state senate seat in Michigan's heavily-Republican 11th district. The GOP primary pitted Drolet against incumbent state representative Kim Meltzer and former state representative Jack Brandenburg, and was widely portrayed by media as the most contentious primary in the state (political newsletter Gongwer News described the race as, "The Macomb County Chainsaw Massacre"). Drolet was attacked by opponents for his vote against placing a state constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage on the 2006 ballot and for his opposition to the drug war. Meltzer mailed literature to voters accusing Drolet of introducing legislation to legalize "gay sex in public" and Drolet sued Meltzer for libel. Brandenburg won the primary and was elected to the senate seat, Drolet finished second and Meltzer placed third. Meltzer and Drolet settled the libel suit when Meltzer issued a public apology for her campaign's untrue allegations against Drolet and paid Drolet an undisclosed sum of money.
## Arizona's Proposal 107 management
After his senate primary defeat, Drolet became campaign manager for Arizona's Proposal 107—a proposed constitutional amendment on the November, 2010 state ballot. Proposal 107 would prohibit governments in Arizona from employing affirmative action policies that discriminate against, or grant preferences to, any individual or group based on race, ethnicity or gender in government hiring, contracting, or public university admissions. Arizona voters passed Proposal 107 by a 59.5% to 40.5% margin.
## Defeat of 2016 RTA millage
In 2016, after defeating incumbent Macomb County Commissioner Joseph Sabatini in the August Republican primary election, Drolet led the campaign to defeat a millage initiative to fund the Regional Transit Authority of Southeast Michigan on the November ballot. The proposal would increase property taxes in Wayne, Oakland, Macomb, and Washtenaw counties for the purpose of increasing regional mass transit spending by $4.7 billion over 20 years. Drolet organized the committee to oppose the tax increase as Treasurer of NoMassiveTransitTax.org. Proponents of the initiative spent over $3.1 million on the 'yes' vote campaign and Drolet's opposition campaign spent less than $65,000. The RTA proposal was defeated by an 895,306 yes to 913,392 no vote.
## Personal life
Drolet is openly gay.
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enwiki/10721011
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enwiki
| 10,721,011
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Leon Drolet
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Drolet
|
2024-12-06T19:49:21Z
|
en
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Q6524617
| 84,824
|
{{Short description|American politician}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Leon Drolet
| image = Leon_new.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1967|01|09}}|
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
| office1 = Macomb County Commissioner
| term1 = 2017-2020
| term2 = 2006–2008
| term3 = 1999–2000
| occupation = Michigan Taxpayers Alliance Chair
| party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| website = [http://www.mitaxpayers.org Michigan Taxpayers Alliance]
| education = Attended [[Oakland University]], [[Institute for Humane Studies]]
| state_house4 = Michigan
| state4 = Michigan
| district4 = [[Michigan's 33rd House of Representatives district|33rd]]
| term_start4 = January 1, 2001
| term_end4 = December 31, 2006
| predecessor4 = [[Janet Kukuk]]
| successor4 = [[Kimberly Meltzer|Kim Meltzer]]
}}
'''Leon Drolet''' (born January 9, 1967)<ref name="mirsbio">{{cite news|last=MIRS |title=MIRS Biographical Profiles, Drolet, Leon (R) |url=http://www.mirsnews.com/leg_bio.php?lid=27 |publisher=Michigan Information and Research Service (MIRS Inc.) }}</ref> is a [[Michigan]] [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[politician]]<ref name="Martin">{{cite news |url= http://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2008/06/more_fraud_forgery_claims_file.html |title= More fraud, forgery claims filed in Michigan House Speaker Andy Dillon recall |last= Martin |first= Tim |date= June 3, 2008 |work= MLive |publisher= [[Booth Newspapers]] |agency= [[Associated Press]] |access-date= February 21, 2011 |archive-date= October 13, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121013003133/http://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2008/06/more_fraud_forgery_claims_file.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> and Anti-tax activist elected Macomb County Commissioner. He is a political activist known for his conservative fiscal views, which have caused criticism from politicians from both sides, including [[Candice Miller|Candace Miller]], [[L. Brooks Patterson]] and [[Mark Hackel]].<ref name="lr05072010">{{cite news |last= Dondero |first= Eric |title= Libertarian Republican Leon Drolet makes Time Magazine – Marijuana Legalization issue |url= http://www.libertarianrepublican.net/2010/05/libertarian-republican-leon-drolet.html |work= Libertarian Republican |date=May 7, 2010 }}</ref> From 2001 to 2006, Drolet served in the [[Michigan House of Representatives]]. Drolet also served as a Macomb County, Michigan county commissioner from 1999 to 2000<ref name="mirsbio" /> and from 2006 to 2008.<ref name="macomb">{{cite news |last= Sabaugh |first= Sabaugh |title= The 2006 vote, County Commissioner – District 26 |url= http://www.macombcountymi.gov/clerksoffice/ElectionResults/2006/November06/race480.html |publisher= Macomb County, Michigan |date= November 7, 2006 |access-date= January 21, 2013 |archive-date= May 30, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100530113741/http://www.macombcountymi.gov/clerksoffice/ElectionResults/2006/November06/race480.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> Drolet was active in the Southeast Michigan [[Tea Party Movement]].
== Michigan Civil Rights Initiative chairmanship ==
{{main article|Michigan Civil Rights Initiative}}
In the 2006 election, he acted as statewide Chair of the [[Michigan Civil Rights Initiative]].<ref name="mcc01042013">{{cite news |last= Spencer |first= Jack |title= New Civil Rights Group Joins Affirmative Action Case |url= http://www.miballot2012.org/18121 |publisher= Michigan Capital Confidential |date= January 4, 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The Michigan Civil Rights Initiative used the petition process to place a state constitutional amendment (Proposal 2 of November 2006) before voters that prohibits governments in Michigan from discriminating against, or giving preferential treatment to, any citizen on the basis of race, gender, ethnicity or national origin in the operation of government hiring, contracting, or state university admissions. The amendment was approved by 58% of voters despite the fact that proponents were heavily outspent in the campaign by opponents who supported race-based government preference programs.<ref name="A11072006">{{cite news |title=The Michigan Civil Rights Initiative |url=http://www.adversity.net/michigan/mcri_mainframe.htm |publisher=Adversity.Net |date=November 7, 2006}}</ref>
==Eminent domain reform==
During his final term in the state legislature, Drolet co-authored a state constitutional amendment that prohibited governments in Michigan from using their power of eminent domain to seize citizens' private property and turn it over to new owners for their private use.<ref name="mirsbio" /> This proposed amendment was Proposal 4 in the November 2006 election<ref name="migop07292006">{{cite news |author= Michigan Republican Party |work=For the Good of the State |title= Articles of Interest 7-29-06 |url= http://migop.blogs.com/blog/2006/07/articles_of_int_27.html |publisher= Michigan Republican Party |date=July 29, 2006}}</ref> and was overwhelmingly adopted by voters.
==Michigan Taxpayers Alliance recall effort==
After serving his final term in the Michigan state House, Drolet founded the Michigan Taxpayers Alliance, which he currently serves as chairman. In 2008, Drolet served as Treasurer of Michigan Recalls, which sought the recalls of several state legislators for their votes in favor of income and business tax increases during Michigan's budget crisis in 2007.
After a highly acrimonious petition drive and numerous local and federal court battles, Drolet was obtained the needed signatures to force a [[recall election]] against the Speaker of the Michigan House, [[Andy Dillon]] (D-Redford Twp.).The prolonged court battles, however, had the effect of postponing the recall election from the targeted August 2008 primary ballot to the November 2008 general election ballot. Speaker Dillon won the recall vote by a significant margin and was reelected to office.<ref name="mlive05252008">{{cite news |last=Demas |first=Susan |title=Andy Dillon recall postmortem |url= http://blog.mlive.com/capitolchronicles/2008/05/andy_dillon_recall_postmortem.html |work= MLive |publisher= Booth Newspapers |date= May 25, 2008}}</ref>
===Case law===
Legal disputes over petition irregularities cited in challenges by Representative Dillon lead to the case of [[Bogaert v. Land]]. In the ruling, United States District Judge Robert Holmes Bell agreed with recall supporters that part of Michigan's law governing recall signature gathering was unconstitutional because it infringed on political speech rights protected in the First Amendment. Bell ruled that signatures from voters inside Dillon's district should be counted even if they were collected by petition circulators who lived outside the district or weren't registered to vote. Under Michigan law, those signatures were not previously considered valid.<ref name="mlive08292008">{{cite news |agency= Associated Press |title= More legal fights pending in Mich. speaker recall |url= http://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2008/08/more_legal_fights_pending_in_m.html |work=MLive |publisher= Booth Newspapers |date=August 29, 2008 }}</ref><ref name="ban08272008">{{cite news |last1= Winger |first1= Richard |first2= Bill |last2= Hall |title= More Michigan Petitioning Victory |url= http://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2008/08/more_legal_fights_pending_in_m.html |work= MLive |publisher= Booth Newspapers |date=August 27, 2008 }}</ref>
===Award===
Drolet received the 2008 Defender of Liberty Award from the [[Libertarian Party of Michigan]]. Drolet's work on the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative, eminent domain reform, the Andy Dillon Recall effort, and legislation he authored relating to third-party ballot access were cited as reasons for the award.<ref name="lpm012409">{{cite video |title=Leon Drolet at Defender of Liberty Awards |first= Scotty |last= Boman |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-_vdBzXBMo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/F-_vdBzXBMo |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|publisher=Libertarian Party of Michigan |date=January 24, 2009}}{{cbignore}} [http://www.michiganlp.org/Shared%20Documents/2008_Defender_of_Liberty_Awards.html Related write-up] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041147/http://www.michiganlp.org/Shared%20Documents/2008_Defender_of_Liberty_Awards.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref>
==2010 State Senate campaign==
In 2010, Drolet ran for an open state senate seat in Michigan's heavily-Republican 11th district. The GOP primary pitted Drolet against incumbent state representative Kim Meltzer and former state representative Jack Brandenburg, and was widely portrayed by media as the most contentious primary in the state (political newsletter ''Gongwer News'' described the race as, ''"The Macomb County Chainsaw Massacre"''). Drolet was attacked by opponents for his vote against placing a state constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage on the 2006 ballot<ref name="lef03092004">{{cite news |agency= Gongwer News Service |title= Primary Challenges to Drolet, Wenke Called a 'Certainty' |url= http://libertyeducationforum.org/news/blog/56-profiles-in-courage.html |publisher= Liberty Education Forum |date= March 9, 2004 |access-date= July 5, 2012 |archive-date= January 15, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120115235407/http://libertyeducationforum.org/news/blog/56-profiles-in-courage.html |url-status= dead }}</ref> and for his opposition to the drug war.<ref name="sdw">{{cite news |last= Smith |first= Phillip |title=Feature: Medical Marijuana Gets a Hearing in Michigan |url= http://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/2006/nov/30/feature_medical_marijuana_gets_h |publisher=StoptheDrugWar.org |date=November 30, 2006}}</ref> Meltzer mailed literature to voters accusing Drolet of introducing legislation to legalize "gay sex in public" and Drolet sued Meltzer for libel.<ref name="wdiv07302010">{{cite news |last1= Garagiola |first1= Steve |first2= Sandra |last2= Ali |title= Ugly Campaign Tactic Spurs Lawsuit, Senate Race Turns Ugly |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jg9DAzGjZGQ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/Jg9DAzGjZGQ |archive-date=2021-12-15 |url-status=live|publisher= WDIV-TV |location= Detroit |date=July 30, 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Brandenburg won the primary and was elected to the senate seat, Drolet finished second and Meltzer placed third. Meltzer and Drolet settled the libel suit<ref name="mlive01252011">{{cite news |last= Wattrick |first= Jeff |title= Kim Melzer's campaign lied about Leon Drolet, according to Kim Melzer |url= http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2011/01/kim_melzers_campaign_lied_abou.html |work= MLive |publisher= Booth Newspapers |date=January 25, 2011}}</ref> when Meltzer issued a public apology for her campaign's untrue allegations against Drolet and paid Drolet an undisclosed sum of money.<ref name="op01242011">{{cite news |last= Selweski |first= Chad |title= Macomb candidate admits campaign lied during state Senate bid |url= http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2011/01/kim_melzers_campaign_lied_abou.html |work= The Oakland Press |date=January 24, 2011}}</ref>
==Arizona's Proposal 107 management==
After his senate primary defeat, Drolet became campaign manager for Arizona's Proposal 107—a proposed constitutional amendment on the November, 2010 state ballot. Proposal 107 would prohibit governments in Arizona from employing affirmative action policies that discriminate against, or grant preferences to, any individual or group based on race, ethnicity or gender in government hiring, contracting, or public university admissions.<ref name="act09222010">{{cite news|url=http://azcapitoltimes.com/news/2010/09/22/opportunity-vs-preferential-treatment-center-of-proposition-107-debate|title=Opportunity vs. preferential treatment center of Proposition 107 debate|last=Newcomb|first=Alyssa|date=September 22, 2010|publisher=Arizona Capitol Times}}</ref> Arizona voters passed Proposal 107 by a 59.5% to 40.5% margin.
== Defeat of 2016 RTA millage ==
In 2016, after defeating incumbent Macomb County Commissioner Joseph Sabatini in the August Republican primary election,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.candgnews.com/news/drolet-takes-county-commissioner-primary-94930|title=Drolet takes county commissioner primary|newspaper=C&G Newspapers|access-date=2017-02-24|language=en}}</ref> Drolet led the campaign to defeat a millage initiative to fund the [[Regional Transit Authority of Southeast Michigan]] on the November ballot. The proposal would increase property taxes in [[Wayne County, Michigan|Wayne]], [[Oakland County, Michigan|Oakland]], [[Macomb County, Michigan|Macomb]], and [[Washtenaw County, Michigan|Washtenaw]] counties for the purpose of increasing regional mass transit spending by $4.7 billion over 20 years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2016/10/23/rta-millage-michigan-transit/92518180/|title=What you need to know about the RTA millage|newspaper=Detroit Free Press|access-date=2017-02-24|language=en}}</ref> Drolet organized the committee to oppose the tax increase as Treasurer of ''NoMassiveTransitTax.org''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/index.ssf/2016/10/group_forms_in_opposition_to_s.html|title=Group forms in opposition to southeast Michigan regional transit tax|newspaper=MLive.com|access-date=2017-02-24|language=en-US}}</ref> Proponents of the initiative spent over $3.1 million on the 'yes' vote campaign and Drolet's opposition campaign spent less than $65,000. The RTA proposal was defeated by an 895,306 yes to 913,392 no vote.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/index.ssf/2016/11/rta_proposal_results.html|title=Regional transit tax proposal defeated in southeast Michigan|newspaper=MLive.com|access-date=2017-02-24|language=en-US}}</ref>
==Personal life==
Drolet is openly gay.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kurtz |first=Joel |title=Poll: Majority in Michigan Now Support Gay Marriage |url=http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20130514/POLITICS02/305140459 |access-date=20 June 2013 |newspaper=Detroit News |date=2013-05-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515165228/http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20130514/POLITICS02/305140459 |archive-date=May 15, 2013 }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category|Leon Drolet}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Drolet, Leon}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:American libertarians]]
[[Category:Michigan Constitutionalists]]
[[Category:County commissioners in Michigan]]
[[Category:Oakland University alumni]]
[[Category:Republican Party members of the Michigan House of Representatives]]
[[Category:LGBTQ state legislators in Michigan]]
[[Category:American gay politicians]]
[[Category:LGBTQ conservatism in the United States]]
[[Category:Tea Party movement activists]]
[[Category:21st-century members of the Michigan Legislature]]
| 1,261,568,785
|
[{"title": "Macomb County Commissioner", "data": {"Macomb County Commissioner": ["In office \u00b7 2017-2020", "In office \u00b7 2006\u20132008", "In office \u00b7 1999\u20132000"]}}, {"title": "Member of the Michigan House of Representatives \u00b7 from the 33rd district", "data": {"Member of the Michigan House of Representatives \u00b7 from the 33rd district": "In office \u00b7 January 1, 2001 \u2013 December 31, 2006", "Preceded by": "Janet Kukuk", "Succeeded by": "Kim Meltzer"}}, {"title": "Personal details", "data": {"Born": "January 9, 1967", "Nationality": "American", "Political party": "Republican", "Education": "Attended Oakland University, Institute for Humane Studies", "Occupation": "Michigan Taxpayers Alliance Chair", "Website": "Michigan Taxpayers Alliance"}}]
| false
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# Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha constituency
Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha constituency (Tamil: கன்னியாகுமரி மக்களவைத் தொகுதி) is one of the 39 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Tamil Nadu, a state in southern India.
## Assembly segments
Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following legislative assembly segments:
| # | Name | District | Member | Party | Party | 2024 leads | 2024 leads |
| --- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------------- | ----- | ----- | ---------- | ---------- |
| 229 | Kanniyakumari | Kanyakumari | N. Thalavai Sundaram | | ADMK | | INC |
| 230 | Nagercoil | Kanyakumari | M. R. Gandhi | | BJP | | INC |
| 231 | Colachal | Kanyakumari | J. G. Prince | | INC | | INC |
| 232 | Padmanabhapuram | Kanyakumari | Mano Thangaraj | | DMK | | INC |
| 233 | Vilavancode | Kanyakumari | Tharahai Cuthbert | | INC | | INC |
| 234 | Killiyoor | Kanyakumari | S. Rajeshkumar | | INC | | INC |
## List of members of parliament
| Year | Member | Party | Party |
| --------------------------- | ----------------- | ----- | ------------------------- |
| Before 2009 : See Nagercoil | | | |
| 2009 | J. Helen Davidson | | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
| 2014 | Pon Radhakrishnan | | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2019 | H. Vasanthakumar | | Indian National Congress |
| 2021^ | Vijay Vasanth | | Indian National Congress |
| 2024 | Vijay Vasanth | | Indian National Congress |
^By poll
## Election results
| Vote share of Winning candidates | Vote share of Winning candidates | Vote share of Winning candidates | Vote share of Winning candidates | Vote share of Winning candidates |
| -------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| | | | | |
| 2024 | 2024 | | 52.74% | 52.74% |
| 2021 | 2021 | | 52.50% | 52.50% |
| 2019 | 2019 | | 59.77% | 59.77% |
| 2014 | 2014 | | 37.62% | 37.62% |
| 2009 | 2009 | | 41.81% | 41.81% |
### General Elections 2024
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| ----------------- | ----------------- | ------------------ | --------- | ----- | ---- |
| | INC | Vijay Vasanth | 546,248 | 52.74 | 0.24 |
| | BJP | Pon. Radhakrishnan | 366,341 | 35.37 | 4.55 |
| | NTK | Maria Jennifer | 52,705 | 5.09 | 0.25 |
| | AIADMK | Pasilian Nazerath | 41,393 | 4.00 | New |
| | NOTA | None of the above | 3,756 | 0.36 | 0.09 |
| Margin of victory | Margin of victory | Margin of victory | 179,907 | 17.37 | 4.80 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,029,055 | 65.71 | 3.75 |
| | INC hold | INC hold | Swing | 0.24 | |
### General bye-election 2021
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | -------- | --------------------------------- | --------- | ----- | ----- |
| | INC | Vijayakumar (Alias) Vijay Vasanth | 576,037 | 52.50 | 7.37 |
| | BJP | Pon. Radhakrishnan | 438,087 | 39.92 | 4.92 |
| | NTK | R. Anetter Allwyn | 58,593 | 5.34 | 3.71 |
| | MNM | Shuba Charles | 8,536 | 0.78 | 0.04 |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 4,938 | 0.45 | 0.13 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 137,950 | 12.57 | 12.20 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,097,434 | 69.46 | 0.37 |
| | INC hold | INC hold | Swing | 7.37 | |
### General election 2019
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | ----------------- | ------------------ | --------- | ----- | ----- |
| | INC | H. Vasanthakumar | 627,235 | 59.77 | 35.13 |
| | BJP | Pon. Radhakrishnan | 367,302 | 35.00 | 2.62 |
| | NTK | V. Jainteen | 17,069 | 1.63 | New |
| | AMMK | E. Lekshmanan | 12,345 | 1.18 | New |
| | MNM | J. Ebenezer | 8,590 | 0.82 | New |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 6,131 | 0.58 | 0.16 |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 259,933 | 24.77 | 11.79 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 1,048,377 | 69.83 | 2.33 |
| | INC gain from BJP | INC gain from BJP | Swing | 35.13 | |
### General election 2014
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | ----------------- | ------------------- | ------- | ----- | ----- |
| | BJP | Pon. Radhakrishnan | 372,906 | 37.62 | 4.38 |
| | INC | H. Vasanthakumar | 244,244 | 24.64 | New |
| | AIADMK | D. John Thankam | 176,239 | 17.78 | New |
| | DMK | F. M. Raajarathinum | 117,933 | 11.90 | 29.91 |
| | CPI(M) | A. V. Bellarmin | 35,284 | 3.56 | 7.62 |
| | AAP | S. P. Udayakumar | 15,314 | 1.55 | New |
| | NOTA | None of the Above | 4,150 | 0.42 | New |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 128,662 | 12.98 | 4.41 |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 990,742 | 67.50 | 2.51 |
| | BJP gain from DMK | BJP gain from DMK | Swing | 4.38 | |
### General election 2009
| Party | Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| -------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | ------- | ----- | -- |
| | DMK | J. Helen Davidson | 320,161 | 41.81 | |
| | BJP | Pon. Radhakrishnan | 254,474 | 33.24 | |
| | CPI(M) | A. V. Bellarmin | 85,583 | 11.18 | |
| | DMDK | S. Austin | 68,472 | 8.94 | |
| | BSP | P. Sivakami | 6,400 | 0.84 | |
| | LJP | D. Arul Thumilan | 2,812 | 0.37 | |
| Majority | Majority | Majority | 65,687 | 8.57 | |
| Turnout | Turnout | Turnout | 765,661 | 64.99 | |
| | DMK win (new seat) | | | | |
|
enwiki/56429954
|
enwiki
| 56,429,954
|
Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha constituency
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanniyakumari_Lok_Sabha_constituency
|
2025-03-14T11:31:35Z
|
en
|
Q12418045
| 144,653
|
{{Short description|Constituency of the Indian parliament in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Kanniyakumari
| map_image = Kanniyakumari_lok_sabha_constituency.png
| map_caption = Area of Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha Constituency
| mp = [[Vijay Vasanth|Vijayakumar (Alias) Vijay Vasanth]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| latest_election_year = 2021
| established = 2009–present
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = Vijay Vasanth at the Velaikkaran Audio Launch.jpg
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| preceded_by = [[H. Vasanthakumar]]
| electors = 1,579,958
| assembly_cons = [[Kanniyakumari Assembly constituency|Kanniyakumari]]<br>[[Nagercoil Assembly constituency|Nagercoil]]<br>[[Colachal Assembly constituency|Colachal]]<br>[[Padmanabhapuram Assembly constituency|Padmanabhapuram]]<br>[[Vilavancode Assembly constituency|Vilavancode]]<br>[[Killiyoor Assembly constituency|Killiyoor]]
}}
'''Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha constituency''' ({{langx|ta|கன்னியாகுமரி மக்களவைத் தொகுதி}}) is one of the 39 [[Lok Sabha]] ([[Parliament of India|parliamentary]]) constituencies in [[Tamil Nadu]], a [[Federated state|state]] in southern [[India]].
== Assembly segments ==
Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] segments:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Name
! District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! Colspan="2"|2024 leads
|-
| 229
| [[Kanniyakumari Assembly constituency|Kanniyakumari]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]
|[[Thalavai Sundaram|N. Thalavai Sundaram]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|[[AIADMK|ADMK]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 230
| [[Nagercoil Assembly constituency|Nagercoil]]
|[[M. R. Gandhi]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 231
| [[Colachal Assembly constituency|Colachal]]
|[[J. G. Prince]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 232
| [[Padmanabhapuram Assembly constituency|Padmanabhapuram]]
|[[Mano Thangaraj]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 233
| [[Vilavancode Assembly constituency|Vilavancode]]
|[[Tharahai Cuthbert]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 234
| [[Killiyoor Assembly constituency|Killiyoor]]
|[[S. Rajeshkumar]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|}
== List of members of parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''Before 2009 : See [[Nagercoil Lok Sabha constituency|Nagercoil]]''}}
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[J. Helen Davidson]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}" |
|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Pon Radhakrishnan]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[H. Vasanthakumar]]
|rowspan=3 style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|rowspan=3 |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[2021 elections in India#Lok Sabha by-elections|2021^]]
|rowspan=2|[[Vijay Vasanth]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|-
|}
^By poll
== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of Winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|52.74}}
{{bar percent|2021|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|52.50}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|59.77}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|37.62}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|41.81}}
}}
=== General Elections 2024===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Indian general election]]: Kanniyakumari<ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Kanniyakumari">{{cite news |title=Election Commission of India|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=[[Vijay Vasanth]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=546,248|percentage=52.74|change={{increase}}0.24}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Pon. Radhakrishnan]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=366,341|percentage=35.37|change={{decrease}}4.55}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Maria Jennifer|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi|votes=52,705|percentage=5.09|change={{decrease}}0.25}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Pasilian Nazerath|party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=41,393|percentage=4.00|change=''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=None of the above|party=None of the above|votes=3,756|percentage=0.36|change={{decrease}}0.09}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes= 179,907 |percentage=17.37 |change={{increase}}4.80}}
{{Election box turnout|votes= 1,029,055|percentage=65.71|change={{decrease}}3.75}}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner= Indian National Congress |swing={{increase}}0.24}}
{{Election box end}}
===General bye-election 2021===
{{Election box begin | title=2021 Indian general bye-elections: [[Kanniyakumari district|Kanniyakumari]]<ref name="2021_GBE_Results">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13640-bye-elections-2021-parliamentary-and-assemblies/ | title=2021 Indian General Bye-election Results | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=19 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Vijay Vasanth|Vijayakumar (Alias) Vijay Vasanth]]
|votes = 576,037
|percentage = 52.50
|change = {{decrease}}7.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Pon. Radhakrishnan]]
|votes = 438,087
|percentage = 39.92
|change = {{increase}}4.92
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Naam Tamilar Katchi
|candidate = R. Anetter Allwyn
|votes = 58,593
|percentage = 5.34
|change = {{increase}}3.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Makkal Needhi Maiam
|candidate = Shuba Charles
|votes = 8,536
|percentage = 0.78
|change = {{decrease}}0.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 4,938
|percentage = 0.45
|change = {{decrease}}0.13
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 137,950
|percentage = 12.57
|change = {{decrease}}12.20
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,097,434
|percentage = 69.46
|change = {{decrease}}0.37
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing = {{decrease}}7.37
}}
{{Election box end}}
===General election 2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Kanniyakumari district|Kanniyakumari]]<ref name="2019_GE_Results">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/10929-33constituency-wise-detailed-result/ | title=2019 Indian General Election Results | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=18 June 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[H. Vasanthakumar]]
|votes = 627,235
|percentage = 59.77
|change = {{increase}}35.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Pon. Radhakrishnan]]
|votes = 367,302
|percentage = 35.00
|change = {{decrease}}2.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Naam Tamilar Katchi
|candidate = V. Jainteen
|votes = 17,069
|percentage = 1.63
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = E. Lekshmanan
|party = Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam
|votes = 12,345
|percentage = 1.18
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Makkal Needhi Maiam
|candidate = J. Ebenezer
|votes = 8,590
|percentage = 0.82
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 6,131
|percentage = 0.58
|change = {{increase}}0.16
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 259,933
|percentage = 24.77
|change = {{increase}}11.79
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,048,377
|percentage = 69.83
|change = {{increase}}2.33
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing = {{increase}}35.13
}}
{{Election box end}}
===General election 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Kanniyakumari district|Kanniyakumari]]<ref name="2014_GE_Results">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2785-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ | title=2014 Indian General Election Results | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=4 June 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Pon. Radhakrishnan]]
|votes = 372,906
|percentage = 37.62
|change = {{increase}}4.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[H. Vasanthakumar]]
|votes = 244,244
|percentage = 24.64
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = D. John Thankam
|votes = 176,239
|percentage = 17.78
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[F. M. Rajarathnam|F. M. Raajarathinum]]
|votes = 117,933
|percentage = 11.90
|change = {{decrease}}29.91
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[A. V. Bellarmin]]
|votes = 35,284
|percentage = 3.56
|change = {{decrease}}7.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = [[S. P. Udayakumar]]
|votes = 15,314
|percentage = 1.55
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 4,150
|percentage = 0.42
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 128,662
|percentage = 12.98
|change = {{increase}}4.41
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 990,742
|percentage = 67.50
|change = {{increase}}2.51
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|swing = {{increase}}4.38
}}
{{Election box end}}
===General election 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Kanniyakumari district|Kanniyakumari]]<ref name="2009_GE_Results">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/2857-constituency-wise-detailed-result/ | title=2009 Indian General Election Results | work=[[Election Commission of India]] | access-date=1 June 2009}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|candidate = [[J. Helen Davidson]]
|votes = 320,161
|percentage = 41.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Pon. Radhakrishnan]]
|votes = 254,474
|percentage = 33.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[A. V. Bellarmin]]
|votes = 85,583
|percentage = 11.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
|candidate = S. Austin
|votes = 68,472
|percentage = 8.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = P. Sivakami
|votes = 6,400
|percentage = 0.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|candidate = D. Arul Thumilan
|votes = 2,812
|percentage = 0.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 65,687
|percentage = 8.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 765,661
|percentage = 64.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner = Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
}}
{{Election box end}}
==See also==
* [[Lok Sabha]]
* [[Parliament of India]]
* [[Kanniyakumari district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
*[[Nagercoil (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of Lok Sabha elections |access-date=July 8, 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=October 5, 2010 }}
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218010942/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp Election Commission of India]
*[https://resultuniversity.com/election/kanniyakumari-lok-sabha Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha - Result University]
*[https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/tamilnadu/kanniyakumari/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Kanniyakumari lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coord|8.1|77.5|display=title}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanniyakumari Lok Sabha Constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Kanyakumari district]]
| 1,280,397,590
|
[{"title": "Constituency details", "data": {"Country": "India", "Region": "South India", "State": "Tamil Nadu", "Assembly constituencies": "Kanniyakumari \u00b7 Nagercoil \u00b7 Colachal \u00b7 Padmanabhapuram \u00b7 Vilavancode \u00b7 Killiyoor", "Established": "2009\u2013present", "Total electors": "1,579,958", "Reservation": "None"}}, {"title": "Member of Parliament", "data": {"Member of Parliament": ["18th Lok Sabha", "Incumbent Vijayakumar (Alias) Vijay Vasanth"], "Party": "Indian National Congress", "Elected year": "2021", "Preceded by": "H. Vasanthakumar"}}]
| false
|
# Lajim
Lajim (Persian: لاجيم) is a village in the Kaseliyan Rural District of Zirab District, Savadkuh County, Mazandaran province, Iran.
## Demographics
### Population
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 742 in 188 households, when it was in the Central District. The following census in 2011 counted 778 people in 233 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 578 people in 201 households, by which time the rural district had been separated from the district in the establishment of Zirab District. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
|
enwiki/41051999
|
enwiki
| 41,051,999
|
Lajim
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajim
|
2024-11-05T11:01:30Z
|
en
|
Q5716420
| 94,024
|
{{Short description|Village in Mazandaran province, Iran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Lajim
|native_name = {{langx|fa|لاجيم}}
|native_name_lang = fa
|settlement_type = Village
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_alt =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|flag_alt =
|image_seal =
|seal_alt =
|image_shield =
|shield_alt =
|etymology =
|nickname =
|motto =
|image_map =
|map_alt =
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map = Iran
|pushpin_map_alt =
|pushpin_map_caption =
|pushpin_label_position =
|coordinates = {{Coord|36|15|22|N|53|06|27|E|dim:1km|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=36.256111&mlon=53.1075&zoom=15#map=15/36.25611/53.10750|website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Lajim, Savadkuh County|date=24 October 2024|access-date=24 October 2024|lang=fa}}</ref>
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[Iran]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Mazandaran province|Mazandaran]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Iran|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Savadkuh County|Savadkuh]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Bakhsh|District]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Zirab District|Zirab]]
|subdivision_type4 = [[Rural Districts of Iran|Rural District]]
|subdivision_name4 = [[Kaseliyan Rural District|Kaseliyan]]
|established_title =
|established_date =
|founder =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|unit_pref = Metric
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
|area_footnotes =
<!-- square kilometers -->
|area_total_km2 =
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m =
|population_footnotes = <ref name="2016 Mazandaran Province"/>
|population_as_of = 2016
|population_total = 578
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_note =
|population_demonym =
|timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
|utc_offset = +3:30
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
|module =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Lajim''' ({{langx|fa|لاجيم}}){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Lājīm'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3072757|Lajim}}</ref>}} is a village in the [[Kaseliyan Rural District]] of [[Zirab District]], [[Savadkuh County]], [[Mazandaran province|Mazandaran]] province, [[Iran]].
==Demographics==
===Population===
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 742 in 188 households, when it was in the [[Central District (Savadkuh County)|Central District]].<ref name="2006 Mazandaran Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Mazandaran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/02.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920090640/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/02.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 778 people in 233 households.<ref name="2011 Mazandaran Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Mazandaran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Mazandaran.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119182058/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Mazandaran.xls|archive-date=19 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 578 people in 201 households, by which time the rural district had been separated from the district in the establishment of Zirab District.<ref name="Mazandaran Province Reforms 190784">{{cite report|title=Divisional reforms in Mazandaran province|language=fa|website=qavanin.ir|via=Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran|url=https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/190784|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522111759/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/190784|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board|archive-date=22 May 2023|orig-date=Approved 11 September 2011|date=c. 2023|id=Proposals 5622/42/1/4, 144980/42/4/1, and 40794/42/1/4|last=Rahimi|first=Mohammad Reza|access-date=22 May 2023}}</ref> It was the most populous village in its rural district.<ref name="2016 Mazandaran Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Mazandaran Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_02.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007110909/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_02.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=7 October 2021}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal-inline|Iran}}
{{clear}}
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Mazandaran Province|state=collapsed}}
{{Savadkuh County|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Populated places in Savadkuh County]]
{{Savadkuh-geo-stub}}
| 1,255,525,559
|
[{"title": "Lajim Persian: \u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0645", "data": {"Country": "Iran", "Province": "Mazandaran", "County": "Savadkuh", "District": "Zirab", "Rural District": "Kaseliyan"}}, {"title": "Population (2016)", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "578", "Time zone": "UTC+3:30 (IRST)"}}]
| false
|
# Public Schools of Petoskey
Public Schools of Petoskey is a school district headquartered in Petoskey, Michigan.
## History
Chris Parker served as superintendent until his 2022 resignation. The employees partook in a survey, and the survey concluded that 90% of the employees perceived serious problems to be present in the culture of the school district. The school board made a plan in response to the survey finds and Parker's departure.
In 2022 Jeffrey Leslie became the superintendent. He was selected out of three interviewed candidates, which in turn were out of ten applicants.
## District boundary
In Emmet County the district includes, in addition to Petoskey: Bay View, Conway, and a portion of Oden. Townships include Bear Creek Township, Resort Township, Springvale Township, and sections of Little Traverse Township and Littlefield Township. A portion of the district is in Charlevoix County, where it includes Walloon Lake. Townships covered include portions of Chandler Township, Hayes Township, and Melrose Township.
## Schools
Secondary schools
- Petoskey High School
- Petoskey Middle School
Elementary schools
- Central Elementary School
- Lincoln Elementary School
- Ottawa Elementary School
- Sheridan Elementary School
- Montessori School
|
enwiki/73171292
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enwiki
| 73,171,292
|
Public Schools of Petoskey
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Schools_of_Petoskey
|
2025-02-17T23:42:44Z
|
en
|
Q116946770
| 34,277
|
{{Short description|School district in Michigan, United States}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
'''Public Schools of Petoskey''' is a school district headquartered in [[Petoskey, Michigan]].
==History==
{{expand section|date=March 2023}}
Chris Parker served as superintendent until his 2022 resignation.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ware|first=Tess|url=https://www.petoskeynews.com/story/news/education/2022/05/06/petoskey-schools-superintendent-chris-parker-resigns-amid-district-culture-report-and-evaluation/9672523002/|title=Petoskey Schools superintendent Chris Parker resigns amid district culture report and evaluation|newspaper=[[Petoskey News]]|date=2022-05-06|accessdate=2023-02-28}}</ref> The employees partook in a survey, and the survey concluded that 90% of the employees perceived serious problems to be present in the culture of the school district.<ref>{{cite web|last=Foley|first=Steve|url=https://www.petoskeynews.com/story/news/local/2022/04/11/consultants-report-reveals-90-public-schools-petoskey-staff-find-culture-broken/7273980001/|title=Consultant: 90% of Public Schools of Petoskey staff interviewed find culture 'broken'|newspaper=[[Petoskey News]]|date=2022-04-11|accessdate=2023-02-28}}</ref> The school board made a plan in response to the survey finds and Parker's departure.<ref>{{cite web|last=Doyle|first=Annie|url=https://www.petoskeynews.com/story/news/education/2022/05/17/whats-next-petoskey-school-board-sets-new-path/9761846002/|title=What's next? Petoskey school board sets new path following superintendent resignation|newspaper=[[Petoskey News]]|date=2022-07-27|accessdate=2023-02-28}}</ref>
In 2022 Jeffrey Leslie became the superintendent.<ref>{{cite web|last=Graham|first=Karly|url=https://www.petoskeynews.com:443/story/news/education/2022/08/03/new-petoskey-superintendent-hired-prioritizes-district-transparency/10214492002/|title=Petoskey board of education approves superintendent contract, begins role Aug. 31|newspaper=[[Petoskey News]]|date=2022-08-03|accessdate=2023-02-28}}</ref> He was selected out of three interviewed candidates, which in turn were out of ten applicants.<ref>{{cite web|last=Doyle|first=Annie|url=https://www.petoskeynews.com:443/story/news/education/2022/07/27/petoskey-school-board-enters-superintendent-contract-negotiations/10161143002/|title=Petoskey school board enters superintendent contract negotiations|newspaper=[[Petoskey News]]|date=2022-07-27|accessdate=2023-02-28}}</ref>
==District boundary==
In [[Emmet County, Michigan|Emmet County]] the district includes, in addition to Petoskey: [[Bay View, Michigan|Bay View]], [[Conway, Michigan|Conway]], and a portion of [[Oden, Michigan|Oden]]. Townships include [[Bear Creek Township, Michigan|Bear Creek Township]], [[Resort Township]], [[Springvale Township, Michigan|Springvale Township]], and sections of [[Little Traverse Township]] and [[Littlefield Township]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st26_mi/schooldistrict_maps/c26047_emmet/DC20SD_C26047.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Emmet County, MI|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2023-02-27}}</ref> A portion of the district is in [[Charlevoix County, Michigan|Charlevoix County]], where it includes [[Walloon Lake, Michigan|Walloon Lake]]. Townships covered include portions of [[Chandler Township, Charlevoix County, Michigan|Chandler Township]], [[Hayes Township, Charlevoix County, Michigan|Hayes Township]], and [[Melrose Township, Charlevoix County, Michigan|Melrose Township]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st26_mi/schooldistrict_maps/c26029_charlevoix/DC20SD_C26029.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Charlevoix County, MI|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2023-02-28}}</ref>
==Schools==
; Secondary schools
* [[Petoskey High School]]
* Petoskey Middle School
; Elementary schools
* Central Elementary School
* Lincoln Elementary School
* Ottawa Elementary School
* Sheridan Elementary School
* Montessori School
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://www.petoskeyschools.org/ Public Schools of Petoskey]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Petoskey, Schools}}
[[Category:Education in Emmet County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Education in Charlevoix County, Michigan]]
[[Category:School districts in Michigan]]
| 1,276,286,678
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[]
| false
|
# List of awards and nominations received by Solange Knowles
Solange Knowles is an American singer, songwriter, model and actress. In 2008, she won an ASCAP Rhythm & Soul Award for Top R&B/Hip-Hop Song for her older sister Beyoncé's song "Get Me Bodied" (2006) which she co-wrote alongside Beyoncé, Kasseem "Swizz Beatz" Dean, Sean Garrett, Makeba Riddick and Angela Beyincé. Her third studio album A Seat at the Table (2016) received numerous nominations for various awards, and won Solange her first Grammy Award, for Best R&B Performance for "Cranes in the Sky", which was her first Grammy Award nomination. It also won Solange a Soul Train Music Award, a BET Award, a Webby Award and an Edison Jazz-World Award. In 2017, Solange won Billboard Women in Music Impact Award, being the first winner in the category. The same year, she was one of the winners of Glamour Award for Woman of the Year, alongside Nicole Kidman, Gigi Hadid, Maxine Waters, Samantha Bee,
Patty Jenkins, Peggy Whitson, Maria Grazia Chiuri, Muzoon Almellehan and the organizers of 2017 Women's March.
## AMFT Awards
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | --------------------- | ------------- | ------ | ----- |
| 2016 | "Don't Touch My Hair" | Best R&B Song | Won | [ 1 ] |
## Antville Music Video Awards
| Year | Nominee/work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | --------------------------- | ----------------- | --------- | ----- |
| 2012 | "Losing You | Best Hip-Hop | Nominated | [ 2 ] |
| 2012 | "Losing You | Best Performance | Nominated | [ 2 ] |
| 2013 | "Lovers in the Parking Lot" | Best Performance | Nominated | [ 3 ] |
| 2013 | "Lovers in the Parking Lot" | Best Choreography | Nominated | [ 3 ] |
## ASCAP Rhythm & Soul Awards
| Year | Nominee/work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------- | ------ | ----- |
| 2008 | "Get Me Bodied" (with Beyoncé, Swizz Beatz, Sean Garrett, Makeba Riddick and Angela Beyincé) | Top R&B/Hip-Hop Song | Won | [ 4 ] |
## BET Awards
| Year | Nominee/work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------------- | ---------------------- | --------- | ----- |
| 2009 | Herself | Centric Award | Nominated | [ 5 ] |
| 2017 | Herself | Centric Award | Won | [ 6 ] |
| 2017 | Herself | Best Female R&B Artist | Nominated | [ 6 ] |
| 2017 | A Seat at the Table | Album of the Year | Nominated | [ 6 ] |
| 2017 | "Cranes in the Sky" | Video of the Year | Nominated | [ 6 ] |
## BillboardWomen in Music
| Year | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------ | ------ | ----- |
| 2017 | Impact Award | Won | [ 7 ] |
## Black Girls Rock!
| Year | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------------- | ------ | ----- |
| 2017 | Rock Star Celebrant | Won | [ 8 ] |
## Brit Awards
| Year | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | -------------------------------- | --------- | ----- |
| 2017 | International Female Solo Artist | Nominated | [ 9 ] |
## Clio Awards
| Year | Nominee/Work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ----------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ------ | ------ |
| 2019 | When I Get Home Visual Album Launch | Music Marketing (Bronze) | Won | [ 10 ] |
## The Daily Californian Music Awards
| Year | Nominee/work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------ | ------ |
| 2017 | Solange at Hearst Greek Theatre | Best Bay Area Live Concert | Won | [ 11 ] |
## Edison Jazz-World Awards
| Year | Nominee/work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------------- | --------------- | ------ | ------ |
| 2017 | A Seat at the Table | Soul and Beyond | Won | [ 12 ] |
## GlamourAwards
| Year | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ----------------- | ------ | ------ |
| 2017 | Woman of the Year | Won | [ 13 ] |
## Global Spin Awards
| Year | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------------------ | --------- | ------ |
| 2012 | Celebrity DJ of the Year | Nominated | [ 14 ] |
## Grammy Awards
| Year | Nominee/work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------------- | -------------------- | ------ | ------ |
| 2017 | "Cranes in the Sky" | Best R&B Performance | Won | [ 15 ] |
## MOBO Awards
| Year | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ---------------------- | --------- | ------ |
| 2017 | Best International Act | Nominated | [ 16 ] |
## MTV Awards
### MTV Europe Music Awards
| Year | Work/Nominee | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------ | ---------------- | --------- | ------ |
| 2019 | Herself | Best Alternative | Nominated | [ 17 ] |
### MTV Video Music Awards
| Year | Work/Nominee | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------------------------- | ------------------- | --------- | ------ |
| 2018 | "The Weekend" (as art director) | Best Art Direction | Nominated | [ 18 ] |
| 2019 | "Almeda" | Best Editing | Nominated | [ 19 ] |
| 2019 | "Almeda" | Best Choreography | Nominated | [ 19 ] |
| 2019 | "Almeda" | Best Cinematography | Nominated | [ 19 ] |
### MTV Woodies
| Year | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------------ | --------- | ------ |
| 2017 | Woodie of the Year | Nominated | [ 20 ] |
## MVPA Awards
| Year | Nominee/work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------ | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| 2013 | "Losing You" | Best Pop Video | Nominated | [ 21 ] |
## NAACP Image Awards
| Year | Nominee/work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ---------------------- | ------------------------- | --------- | ------ |
| 2017 | Herself | Outstanding Female Artist | Nominated | [ 22 ] |
| 2017 | A Seat at the Table | Outstanding Album | Nominated | [ 22 ] |
| 2017 | "Cranes in the Sky" | Outstanding Song | Nominated | [ 22 ] |
| 2017 | "Cranes in the Sky" | Outstanding Music Video | Nominated | [ 22 ] |
| 2017 | "Mad" (with Lil Wayne) | Outstanding Duo or Group | Nominated | [ 22 ] |
## NewNowNext Awards
| Year | Nominee/work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------ | ------------- | --------- | ------ |
| 2013 | "Losing You" | That's My Jam | Nominated | [ 23 ] |
## Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
| Year | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------------- | --------- | ------ |
| 2017 | Favorite New Artist | Nominated | [ 24 ] |
## NMEAwards
| Year | Nominee/work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------ | -------------------------------- | --------- | ------ |
| 2013 | "Losing You" | Dancefloor Anthem | Nominated | [ 25 ] |
| 2017 | Herself | Best International Female Artist | Nominated | [ 26 ] |
## O Music Awards
| Year | Category | Result |
| ---- | ----------------------------- | --------- |
| 2013 | Must Follow Artist on Twitter | Nominated |
## Rolling Stone Awards
### International Music Awards
Rolling Stone Germany's International Music Awards celebrate the best of music. Winners are selected by artists and experts. The first edition is set to take place in 2019.
| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | -------------- | ----- | ------- | ------ |
| 2019 | Herself | Sound | Pending | [ 27 ] |
## Shorty Awards
| Year | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------ | --------- | ------ |
| 2017 | Music Artist | Nominated | [ 28 ] |
## Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards
| Year | Nominee/work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ----------------------------- | -------------------------------- | --------- | ------ |
| 2003 | "Feelin' You" (with N.O.R.E.) | Best R&B/Soul or Rap Music Video | Nominated | [ 29 ] |
## Soul Train Music Awards
| Year | Nominee/work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------- | --------- | ------ |
| 2009 | Herself | Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist | Nominated | [ 30 ] |
| 2013 | Herself | Centric Award | Nominated | [ 31 ] |
| 2014 | "Electric Lady" (with Janelle Monáe) | Best Dance Performance | Nominated | [ 32 ] |
| 2017 | "Don't Touch My Hair" (with Sampha) | Best Dance Performance | Nominated | [ 33 ] |
| 2017 | "Don't Touch My Hair" (with Sampha) | Best Collaboration | Nominated | [ 33 ] |
| 2017 | Herself | Best R&B/Soul Female Artist | Nominated | [ 33 ] |
| 2017 | "Cranes in the Sky" | Best Video of the Year | Nominated | [ 33 ] |
| 2017 | "Cranes in the Sky" | Best Song of the Year | Nominated | [ 33 ] |
| 2017 | "Cranes in the Sky" | The Ashford & Simpson Songwriter's Award | Won | [ 33 ] |
| 2017 | A Seat at the Table | Best Album of the Year | Nominated | [ 33 ] |
## UK Music Video Awards
| Year | Nominee/work | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------ | ------------------------------ | ------ | ------ |
| 2013 | "Losing You" | Best Pop Video – International | Won | [ 34 ] |
## Urban Music Awards
| Year | Nominee/work | Category | Result |
| ---- | ------------------- | ---------------------- | --------- |
| 2016 | Herself | Best International Act | Nominated |
| 2016 | A Seat at the Table | Best Album | Nominated |
## Webby Awards
| Year | Category | Result | Ref. |
| ---- | ------------------ | ------ | ------ |
| 2017 | Artist of the Year | Won | [ 35 ] |
|
enwiki/56113800
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enwiki
| 56,113,800
|
List of awards and nominations received by Solange Knowles
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Solange_Knowles
|
2024-07-13T01:44:39Z
|
en
|
Q48999965
| 168,164
|
{{short description|None}}
{| class="infobox" style="width:22em; text-align:left; font-size:90%; vertical-align:middle; background:#eef;"
|+ <span style="font-size: 9pt">Solange awards and nominations</span>
|- style="background:white;"
{{!}} colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" {{!}} [[File:Solange - Coachella 2014 (02).jpg|220px|alt=Solange performing live.]]<br>Solange performing at [[Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival]] on April 19, 2014
|-
| colspan="3" |
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%;"
! colspan="3" style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;"| Awards and nominations{{efn|Awards in certain categories do not have prior nominations and only winners are announced by the jury. For simplification and to avoid errors, each award in this list has been presumed to have had a prior nomination.}}
|- style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:left;"
! style="vertical-align: center;"| Awards
| style="background:#cec; font-size:8pt; width:60px;" align="center"| Wins
| style="background:#ecc; font-size:8pt; width:60px;" align="center"| Nominations
|- style="background:#d9e8ff;"
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|
|- style="text-align:left;"|
|
;[[BET Awards]]
| {{won|1}}
| {{nominated|5}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[Billboard Women in Music|''Billboard'' Women in Music]]
| {{won|1}}
| {{nominated|1}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[Brit Awards]]
| {{won|0}}
| {{nominated|1}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[Grammy Awards]]
| {{won|1}}
| {{nominated|1}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[MOBO Awards]]
| {{won|0}}
| {{nominated|1}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards]]
| {{won|0}}
| {{nominated|1}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[NAACP Image Awards]]
| {{won|0}}
| {{nominated|5}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[NME Awards|''NME'' Awards]]
| {{won|0}}
| {{nominated|2}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[Soul Train Music Awards]]
| {{won|1}}
| {{nominated|10}}
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
;[[Webby Awards]]
| {{won|1}}
| {{nominated|1}}
|}
|-
| {{won|Awards won}}
| colspan="2" width="50" {{won|11}}
|-
| {{nominated|Nominations}}
| colspan="2" width="50" {{nominated|47}}
|}
[[Solange Knowles]] is an American singer, songwriter, model and actress. In 2008, she won an [[American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers#Awards|ASCAP Rhythm & Soul Award]] for Top R&B/Hip-Hop Song for her older sister [[Beyoncé]]'s song "[[Get Me Bodied]]" (2006) which she co-wrote alongside Beyoncé, [[Swizz Beatz|Kasseem "Swizz Beatz" Dean]], [[Sean Garrett]], [[Makeba Riddick]] and Angela Beyincé. Her third studio album ''[[A Seat at the Table]]'' (2016) received numerous nominations for various awards, and won Solange her first [[Grammy Award]], for [[Best R&B Performance]] for "[[Cranes in the Sky]]", which was her first Grammy Award nomination. It also won Solange a [[Soul Train Music Award]], a [[BET Award]], a [[Webby Award]] and an Edison Jazz-World Award. In 2017, Solange won [[Billboard Women in Music|''Billboard'' Women in Music]] [[Billboard Women in Music#Impact Award|Impact Award]], being the first winner in the category. The same year, she was one of the winners of [[Glamour Awards|''Glamour'' Award]] for Woman of the Year, alongside [[Nicole Kidman]], [[Gigi Hadid]], [[Maxine Waters]], [[Samantha Bee]],
[[Patty Jenkins]], [[Peggy Whitson]], [[Maria Grazia Chiuri]], [[Muzoon Almellehan]] and the organizers of [[2017 Women's March]].
== AMFT Awards ==
{{award table}}
!Ref.
|-
!scope="row"| 2016
| "[[Don't Touch My Hair]]"
| Best R&B Song
| {{won}}
| <ref>{{cite web | url=https://amft-awards.jimdosite.com/winners/ | title=Winners }}</ref>
{{end}}
==Antville Music Video Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Nominee/work
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2012
| rowspan="2"| "[[Losing You (Solange Knowles song)|Losing You]]
| Best Hip-Hop
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2" align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://videos.antville.org/stories/2147110/|title=Antville Music Video Awards 2012 – THE WINNERS|work=videos.antville.org|date=December 30, 2012|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| Best Performance
| {{nom}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2013
| rowspan="2"| "[[Lovers in the Parking Lot]]"
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="2" align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://videos.antville.org/stories/2184995/|title=Antville Music Video Awards 2013 – THE WINNERS|work=videos.antville.org|date=January 6, 2014|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| Best Choreography
| {{nom}}
|}
==[[American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers#Awards|ASCAP Rhythm & Soul Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Nominee/work
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2008
| "[[Get Me Bodied]]" {{small|(with [[Beyoncé]], [[Swizz Beatz]], [[Sean Garrett]], [[Makeba Riddick]] and Angela Beyincé)}}
| Top R&B/Hip-Hop Song
| {{won}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bet.com/photo-gallery/pf2ylp/the-evolution-of-solange-knowles/lbzkyn|title=The Evolution of Solange Knowles|work=[[BET]]|date=June 24, 2014|access-date=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|}
==[[BET Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Nominee/work
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| [[BET Awards 2009|2009]]
| rowspan="3"| Herself
| rowspan="2"| [[BET Centric Award|Centric Award]]
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|last=Croteau|first=Lauren|url=http://www.alloy.com/entertainment/beyonc-and-solange-nominated-for-2009-bet-awards/|title=Beyoncé and Solange Nominated for 2009 BET Awards!|work=[[Alloy Entertainment]]|date=May 13, 2009|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="4"| [[BET Awards 2017|2017]]
| {{won}}
| rowspan="4" align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/nominees.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140623120740/http://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/nominees.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 23, 2014|title=BET Awards 2017 – Nominees|work=BET|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| [[BET Award for Best Female R&B Artist|Best Female R&B Artist]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| ''[[A Seat at the Table]]''
| [[BET Award for Album of the Year|Album of the Year]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| "[[Cranes in the Sky]]"
| [[BET Award for Video of the Year|Video of the Year]]
| {{nom}}
|}
==[[Billboard Women in Music|''Billboard'' Women in Music]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2017
| [[Billboard Women in Music#Impact Award|Impact Award]]
| {{won}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite magazine|last=Lamarre|first=Carl|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/events/women-in-music/8054798/solange-accepts-american-express-impact-award-billboard-in-music-awards-2017|title=Solange Accepts American Express 'Impact' Award at Billboard Women in Music 2017: 'It's a New Day and I'm Loving It'|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=November 30, 2017|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|}
==[[Black Girls Rock!]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2017
| Rock Star Celebrant
| {{won}}
| align="center"|<ref name=sixteen>{{cite web|title=2017 Awards|url=http://www.bet.com/shows/black-girls-rock/awards.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030101417/http://www.bet.com/shows/black-girls-rock/awards.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 30, 2013|website=BET.com|accessdate=6 January 2017}}</ref>
|}
==[[Brit Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| [[2017 Brit Awards|2017]]
| [[Brit Award for International Female Solo Artist|International Female Solo Artist]]
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/brit-awards-2017-the-full-list-of-winners-and-nominees__21395/|title=BRIT Awards 2017: The full list of winners and nominees|website=www.officialcharts.com|accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref>
|}
==[[Clio Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Nominee/Work
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2019
| ''When I Get Home'' Visual Album Launch
| Music Marketing (Bronze)
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://clios.com/music/winner/experiential-events/solange/when-i-get-home-visual-album-launch-72810 | title=Solange - when I Get Home Visual Album Launch }}</ref>
{{end}}
==[[The Daily Californian|The Daily Californian Music Awards]] ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Nominee/work
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2017
| Solange at Hearst Greek Theatre
| Best Bay Area Live Concert
| {{won}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailycal.org/2018/01/05/arts-awards-music-2017/|title=2017 – Daily Californian Music Awards |date=5 January 2018 |publisher= TheDaily Californian|language=English |accessdate=December 7, 2019}}</ref>
|}
==Edison Jazz-World Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Nominee/work
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2017
| ''A Seat at the Table''
| Soul and Beyond
| {{won}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edisons.nl/jazz/edities/2017|title=2017 – Edison Jazz/World|publisher=edisons|language=Dutch|accessdate=November 21, 2017}}</ref>
|}
==[[Glamour Awards|''Glamour'' Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2017
| Woman of the Year
| {{won}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.glamour.com/story/women-of-the-year-2017-winners|title='Glamour' Women of the Year 2017: Nicole Kidman, Solange Knowles, Gigi Hadid, and More|work=[[Glamour (magazine)|Glamour]]|date=October 30, 2017|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|}
==Global Spin Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2012
| Celebrity DJ of the Year
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://skamartist.com/blog/2012-global-spin-awards-nominees|title=2012 Global Spin Awards Nominees|work=SKAM|date=October 17, 2012|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|}
==[[Grammy Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Nominee/work
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| [[59th Annual Grammy Awards|2017]]
| "Cranes in the Sky"
| [[Best R&B Performance]]
| {{won}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite news|last=Reed|first=James|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-grammys-live-updates-solange-took-home-her-first-grammy-1486960585-htmlstory.html|title=Solange took home her first Grammy, joining sister Beyoncé in the gold trophy party|newspaper=[[LA Times]]|date=February 12, 2017|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|}
==[[MOBO Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2017
| Best International Act
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capitalxtra.com/news/mobo-awards-2017-nominations-list-full/|title=Mobo Awards 2017|publisher=capitalxtra.com|accessdate=November 21, 2017|archive-date=May 22, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522035737/https://www.capitalxtra.com/news/mobo-awards-2017-nominations-list-full/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}
==[[MTV|MTV Awards]]==
===[[MTV Europe Music Awards]]===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Work/Nominee
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2019
| Herself
| [[MTV Europe Music Award for Best Alternative|Best Alternative]]
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/music/news/ariana-grande-billie-eilish-shawn-mendes-taylor-swift-mtv-ema-nominations-1203354459/ |title=Ariana Grande Leads 2019 MTV EMA Nominations|date=1 October 2019|work=Variety|accessdate=1 October 2019}}</ref>
|}
===[[MTV Video Music Awards]]===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Work/Nominee
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| scope="row"|2018
| "[[The Weekend (SZA song)|The Weekend]]" (as art director)
| Best Art Direction
| {{nom}}
| align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mtv.com/vma/vote/|title=Vote Now – Nominees for 2019 MTV Video Music Awards|website=www.mtv.com|access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3 scope="row"|2019
|rowspan=3 | "[[Almeda (song)|Almeda]]"
| Best Editing
| {{nom}}
|rowspan=3 align="center"|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/mtv-vmas-2019-see-the-full-list-of-nominees-here/|title=MTV VMAs 2019: See The Full List of Nominees Here|website=Pitchfork|date=23 July 2019 |accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref>
|-
| Best Choreography
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Cinematography
| {{nom}}
|-
|}
===[[MTV Woodies]]===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2017
| [[MTV Woodies#Woodie of the Year|Woodie of the Year]]
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/woodies|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223101123/http://www.mtv.com/woodies|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 23, 2017|title=2017 Woodies - mtvU Woodie Awards - MTV|website=[[MTV]]|accessdate=November 21, 2017}}</ref>
|}
==MVPA Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Nominee/work
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2013
| "Losing You"
| Best Pop Video
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.videostatic.com/news/2013/05/13/2013-mvpa-award-nominees|title=2013 MVPA Award Nominees|work=VideoStatic|date=May 13, 2013|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|}
==[[NAACP Image Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Nominee/work
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="5"| [[48th NAACP Image Awards|2017]]
| Herself
| [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Female Artist|Outstanding Female Artist]]
| {{nom}}
| align="center" rowspan="5"| <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/7624387/naacp-image-awards-nominations-beyonce-chance-the-rapper-kendrick-lamar|title=NAACP Image Award Nominations: Beyonce & Solange Score Nods|magazine=Billboard|date=December 13, 2016|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| ''A Seat at the Table''
| [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Album|Outstanding Album]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| "Cranes in the Sky"
| [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Song|Outstanding Song]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Music Video|Outstanding Music Video]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| "Mad" {{small|(with [[Lil Wayne]])}}
| [[NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Duo or Group|Outstanding Duo or Group]]
| {{nom}}
|}
==[[NewNowNext Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Nominee/work
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2013
| "Losing You"
| That's My Jam
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newnownextawards.com/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906181757/http://www.newnownextawards.com/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-09-06|title=NewNowNext Honors 2016 - LOGO|website=Logo TV}}</ref>
|}
==[[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| [[2017 Kids' Choice Awards|2017]]
| Favorite New Artist
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|last=Chen|first=Joyce|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/kids-choice-awards-2017-full-nominees-and-winners-list-w471688/|title=Kids' Choice Awards 2017: Full Nominees and Winners List|work=[[Us Weekly]]|date=March 11, 2017|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|}
==[[NME Awards|''NME'' Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Nominee/work
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2013
| "Losing You"
| Dancefloor Anthem
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|last=Goodacre|first=Kate|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a452755/nme-awards-2013-all-the-nominees-in-full/|title=NME Awards 2013: All the nominees in full|work=[[Digital Spy]]|date=January 22, 2013|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| [[NME Awards 2017|2017]]
| Herself
| Best International Female Artist
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/music-section/music-news/nme-announces-nominees-for-vo5-nme-awards-2017/|title=NME announces nominees for VO5 NME Awards 2017|work=Entertainment Focus|date=January 16, 2017|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|}
==[[O Music Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
|-
! scope="row"| 2013
| Must Follow Artist on [[Twitter]]
| {{nom}}
|}
==Rolling Stone Awards==
===International Music Awards===
[[Rolling Stone|Rolling Stone Germany]]'s International Music Awards celebrate the best of music. Winners are selected by artists and experts. The first edition is set to take place in 2019.
{{awards table}}
!{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| 2019
| Herself
| Sound
| {{pending}}
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{Cite news |title=SHORTLIST: DAS SIND DIE NOMINIERTEN DES IMA 2019|url=https://www.rollingstone.de/shortlist-das-sind-die-nominierten-des-ima-2019-1765517/ |website=Rolling Stone Germany|accessdate=May 19, 2019|language=de }}</ref>
|-
|}
==Shorty Awards==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2017
| Music Artist
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://shortyawards.com/9th/winners|title=Shorty Awards 2017|publisher=shortyawards.com|accessdate=November 21, 2017}}</ref>
|}
==[[Soul Train Lady of Soul Award]]s==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Nominee/work
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2003
| "[[Feelin' You (Solange Knowles song)|Feelin' You]]" {{small|(with [[N.O.R.E.]])}}
| Best R&B/Soul or Rap Music Video
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ascap.com/eventsawards/awards/ladyofsoul/ladyofsoul2003|title=9th Annual Lady Of Soul Awards|work=[[American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers]]|date=August 23, 2003|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|}
==[[Soul Train Music Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Nominee/work
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| [[2009 Soul Train Music Awards|2009]]
| rowspan="2"| Herself
| [[Soul Train Music Award for Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist|Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist]]
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bet.com/Specials/soultrainawards09/nominees/soultrainawards09_nominees_bestnewartist.htm?wbc_purpose=Basic&WBCMODE=PresentationUnpublished&Referrer=%7BA6189D61-000E-47B7-8A02-5D65FC18DD60%7D |title=Best New Artist |publisher=[[Soul Train]]. [[Black Entertainment Television|BET]] |accessdate=2009-12-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091112203047/http://www.bet.com/Specials/soultrainawards09/nominees/soultrainawards09_nominees_bestnewartist.htm?wbc_purpose=Basic&WBCMODE=PresentationUnpublished&Referrer=%7BA6189D61-000E-47B7-8A02-5D65FC18DD60%7D |archivedate=November 12, 2009 }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| [[2013 Soul Train Music Awards|2013]]
| [[Soul Train Music Award for Centric Award|Centric Award]]
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bet.com/photo-gallery/6c6qe8/and-the-nominees-are/7hf10x|title=And The Nominees Are|work=BET|date=September 9, 2013|access-date=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row"| [[2014 Soul Train Music Awards|2014]]
| "[[Electric Lady (Janelle Monáe song)|Electric Lady]]" {{small|(with [[Janelle Monáe]])}}
| rowspan="2"| [[Soul Train Music Award for Best Dance Performance|Best Dance Performance]]
| {{nom}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite magazine|last=Strecker|first=Erin|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/6281631/soul-train-award-nominations-chris-brown-beyonce|title=Chris Brown & Beyonce Lead Soul Train Award Nominations|magazine=Billboard|date=October 13, 2014|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="7"| [[2017 Soul Train Music Awards|2017]]
| rowspan="2"| "[[Don't Touch My Hair]]" {{small|(with [[Sampha]])}}
| {{nom}}
| align="center" rowspan="7"| <ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8005601/soul-train-awards-2017-nominees-solange-bruno-mars-bet|title=Soul Train Music Awards 2017 – Nominees|magazine=Billboard}}</ref>
|-
| [[Soul Train Music Award for Best Collaboration|Best Collaboration]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| Herself
| [[Soul Train Music Award for Best R&B/Soul Female Artist|Best R&B/Soul Female Artist]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="3"| "Cranes in the Sky"
| [[Soul Train Music Award for Best Video of the Year|Best Video of the Year]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Soul Train Music Award for Best Song of the Year|Best Song of the Year]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Soul Train Music Award for The Ashford & Simpson Songwriter's Award|The Ashford & Simpson Songwriter's Award]]
| {{won}}
|-
| ''A Seat at the Table''
| [[Soul Train Music Award for Best Album of the Year|Best Album of the Year]]
| {{nom}}
|}
==[[UK Music Video Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Nominee/work
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2013
| "Losing You"
| Best Pop Video – International
| {{won}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.promonews.tv/news/2013/10/29/uk-music-video-awards-2013-all-last-nights-winners|title=UK Music Video Awards 2013 – all of last night's winners!|website=promonews.tv|date=October 29, 2013|accessdate=December 22, 2017}}</ref>
|}
==[[Urban Music Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Nominee/work
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2"| 2016
| Herself
| Best International Act
| {{nom}}
|-
| ''A Seat at the Table''
| Best Album
| {{nom}}
|}
==[[Webby Awards]]==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Category
! scope="col"| Result
! scope="col"| {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope="row"| 2017
| Artist of the Year
| {{won}}
| align="center"| <ref>{{ cite web| url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BTUM0cvBqc0/|title=Webby Awards posted 2017 winners|accessdate=October 11, 2017 }}</ref>
|}
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.solangemusic.com/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190605095847/http://www.solangemusic.com/ |date=2019-06-05 }}
[[Category:Lists of awards received by American musician|Knowles, Solange]]
| 1,234,187,427
|
[{"title": "Solange awards and nominations", "data": {"Awards": "Wins \u00b7 Nominations", "BET Awards": "1 \u00b7 5", "Billboard Women in Music": "1 \u00b7 1", "Brit Awards": "0 \u00b7 1", "Grammy Awards": "1 \u00b7 1", "MOBO Awards": "0 \u00b7 1", "Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards": "0 \u00b7 1", "NAACP Image Awards": "0 \u00b7 5", "NME Awards": "0 \u00b7 2", "Soul Train Music Awards": "1 \u00b7 10", "Webby Awards": "1 \u00b7 1", "Awards won": "11", "Nominations": "47"}}]
| false
|
# Lou B. ("Bink") Noll
Bink Noll (April 15, 1927 – November 9, 1986) was an American poet, one of a notable group of poets who graduated from Princeton University in the 1940s and early 1950s. At the time of his death, he was a professor of English at Beloit College in Wisconsin.
## Biography
Lou Barker Noll was born in Orange, New Jersey, on April 15, 1927. He was the son of Louis and Elsie Marie Barker Noll. Family members called him Bink, and the nickname became his preferred name, even professionally. He was a graduate of Carteret School in West Orange, New Jersey. Noll completed his bachelor's degree from Princeton University in 1948, after serving in the Merchant Marine from August 1945 to January 1947. In 1950, he earned his MA degree from Johns Hopkins University, where he studied with poet Karl Shapiro. In the same year, he married June Ely Banker, a graduate of Goucher College. He earned his PhD in English Literature from the University of Colorado in 1956. His dissertation focused on the lyrical achievement of Abraham Cowley.
After teaching at Beloit College in 1953–54, he taught for six years on the English faculty at Dartmouth College, where he also participated in a writing group led by Dilys Laing and sometimes attended by Richard Eberhart and Ned O'Gorman. Noll was a visiting fellow at Yaddo in 1958 and 1960. In 1960–61 he lectured on American language and literature at Zaragoza, Spain, on a Fulbright Fellowship. He returned to Beloit College in 1961 and was promoted to full professor in 1969. He received a National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) grant in 1974.
During his tenure at Beloit College, Noll was a resident fellow in creative writing at Princeton University in 1967-68 and poet-in-residence at Lawrence University in 1977. Noll helped to found the Wisconsin Poetry Circuit, and he served on the Wisconsin Public Radio Board of Directors.
Noll authored three volumes of poetry. His first book, The Center of the Circle was published by Harcourt, Brace & World in 1962. Already his poetry had appeared in leading periodicals, including The Atlantic Monthly, The Paris Review, The Kenyon Review, and The Nation. A second volume of verse, The Feast, followed in 1967. In 1968, he signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. Noll's poem "Angel" appeared in the December 20, 1969, issue of The New Yorker.
During the following decade his career was interrupted by illness. His third book, The House, appeared in 1984. It is a mature performance by an accomplished poet. In The House the formality of his earlier style is softened, but a subtle awareness of sound still informs the verse. The poems explore the triumphs and tragedies of domestic life. In 2017, poet David R. Slavitt selected and introduced a retrospective volume of Bink Noll's poetry for Little Island Press's Memento series.
Bink Noll's papers, including correspondence and journals, reside in the Beloit College Archives. He corresponded with several notable literary figures of the twentieth century, including poets William Meredith, Richard Eberhart, George Garrett, Willard Thorp, Ned O'Gorman, and W. S. Merwin.
Noll appears on the spoken word album Poets for Peace, produced under the auspices of the United States Fellowship of Reconciliation. It records a group reading at New York's Town Hall on November 12, 1967. Notable readers and performers on the album include Robert Lowell, Anais Nin, and Arthur Miller.
American composer Burrill Phillips set Noll's words to music in "Song in a Winter Night: for soprano and piano" (1985).
Noll died at Beloit, Wisconsin, on November 9, 1986, after years of heart trouble following cancer treatment.
## Bibliography
Poetry
- The Center of the Circle (Harcourt, Brace & World 1962)
- The Feast (Harcourt, Brace & World 1967)
- The House: Poems (Louisiana State University Press 1984) ISBN 978-0-807-11197-0
- Selected Poems, David R. Slavitt, ed. (Little Island Press 2017) ISBN 978-0-993-50565-2
- Lunch on Omaha Beach
Poetry in anthologies
- Seven Princeton Poets: Louis Coxe, George Garrett, Theodore Holmes, Galway Kinnell, William Meredith, W. S. Merwin, and Bink Noll (The Princeton University Library Chronicle Special Issue, Volume XXV, Number 1, Autumn 1963)
Score
- Song in a winter night: for soprano and piano / words by Bink Noll; Burrill Phillips. (1985)
|
enwiki/11795748
|
enwiki
| 11,795,748
|
Lou B. ("Bink") Noll
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_B._(%22Bink%22)_Noll
|
2024-09-24T21:16:44Z
|
en
|
Q6685350
| 37,908
|
{{short description|American poet}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Bink Noll
| image =
| imagesize =
| birth_name = Lou Barker Noll
| birth_date = {{birth date|1927|04|15}}
| birth_place = Orange, New Jersey, USA
| death_date = {{death date and age|1986|11|09|1927|04|15}}
| death_place = Beloit, Wisconsin, USA
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Author
* poet
* professor
}}
| nationality = American
| partner =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards = {{awards |[[National Endowment for the Arts]] |1974}}
| signature =
| website =
}}
'''Bink Noll''' (April 15, 1927 – November 9, 1986) was an [[United States|American poet]], one of a notable group of poets who graduated from [[Princeton University]] in the 1940s and early 1950s. At the time of his death, he was a professor of English at [[Beloit College]] in [[Wisconsin]].
== Biography ==
Lou Barker Noll was born in [[Orange, New Jersey]], on April 15, 1927. He was the son of Louis and Elsie Marie Barker Noll. Family members called him Bink, and the nickname became his preferred name, even professionally. He was a graduate of Carteret School in West Orange, New Jersey.<ref name="The Poetry">Robert Towers, "The Poetry of Bink Noll," ''The Princeton University Library Chronicle''. Vol. 25, No. 1, Special Issue: Seven Princeton Poets (Autumn 1963), pp. 107-114. Print.</ref> Noll completed his bachelor's degree from Princeton University in 1948, after serving in the [[United States Merchant Marine|Merchant Marine]] from August 1945 to January 1947. In 1950, he earned his MA degree from [[Johns Hopkins University]], where he studied with poet [[Karl Shapiro]]. In the same year, he married June Ely Banker, a graduate of [[Goucher College]].<ref name="The Poetry"/> He earned his PhD in English Literature from the [[University of Colorado at Boulder|University of Colorado]] in 1956. His dissertation focused on the lyrical achievement of [[Abraham Cowley]].
After teaching at Beloit College in 1953–54, he taught for six years on the English faculty at [[Dartmouth College]], where he also participated in a writing group led by [[Dilys Laing]] and sometimes attended by [[Richard Eberhart]] and [[Ned O'Gorman]].<ref name="The Poetry"/> Noll was a visiting fellow at [[Yaddo]] in 1958 and 1960.<ref>Micki McGee, editor, ''Yaddo: Making American Culture'', Columbia University Press (2008), p. 132. Print.</ref> In 1960–61 he lectured on American language and literature at [[Zaragoza]], Spain, on a [[Fulbright Fellowship]]. He returned to Beloit College in 1961 and was promoted to full professor in 1969. He received a [[National Endowment for the Arts]] (NEA) grant in 1974.<ref name="Archives">{{cite web| title=Obituary |url=http://www.beloit.edu/~libhome/Archives/acoll/fac/noll.html|accessdate=29 May 2020}}</ref>
During his tenure at Beloit College, Noll was a resident fellow in creative writing at Princeton University in 1967-68<ref name="Alumni">''Princeton Alumni Weekly'', vol. 68 (November 7, 1967), p. 8. Print.</ref> and poet-in-residence at Lawrence University in 1977. Noll helped to found the Wisconsin Poetry Circuit, and he served on the [[Wisconsin Public Radio]] Board of Directors.<ref name="Archives"/>
Noll authored three volumes of poetry. His first book, ''The Center of the Circle'' was published by Harcourt, Brace & World in 1962. Already his poetry had appeared in leading periodicals, including ''[[The Atlantic Monthly]]'', ''[[The Paris Review]]'', ''[[The Kenyon Review]]'', and ''[[The Nation]]''. A second volume of verse, ''The Feast'', followed in 1967. In 1968, he signed the "[[Writers and Editors War Tax Protest]]" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.<ref>"Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" January 30, 1968 ''New York Post''</ref> Noll's poem "Angel" appeared in the December 20, 1969, issue of [[The New Yorker]].
During the following decade his career was interrupted by illness. His third book, ''The House'', appeared in 1984. It is a mature performance by an accomplished poet. In ''The House'' the formality of his earlier style is softened, but a subtle awareness of sound still informs the verse. The poems explore the triumphs and tragedies of domestic life. In 2017, poet [[David R. Slavitt]] selected and introduced a retrospective volume of Bink Noll's poetry for Little Island Press's Memento series.
Bink Noll's papers, including correspondence and journals, reside in the Beloit College Archives. He corresponded with several notable literary figures of the twentieth century, including poets [[William Morris Meredith|William Meredith]], [[Richard Eberhart]], [[George Garrett (poet)|George Garrett]], Willard Thorp, [[Ned O'Gorman]], and [[W. S. Merwin]].
Noll appears on the spoken word album ''Poets for Peace'', produced under the auspices of the [[Fellowship of Reconciliation (United States)|United States Fellowship of Reconciliation]]. It records a group reading at New York's Town Hall on November 12, 1967. Notable readers and performers on the album include [[Robert Lowell]], [[Anais Nin]], and [[Arthur Miller]].
American composer [[Burrill Phillips]] set Noll's words to music in "Song in a Winter Night: for soprano and piano" (1985).
Noll died at [[Beloit, Wisconsin]], on November 9, 1986, after years of heart trouble following cancer treatment.
== Bibliography ==
'''Poetry'''
* ''The Center of the Circle'' ([[Harcourt (publisher)|Harcourt, Brace & World]] 1962)
* ''The Feast'' (Harcourt, Brace & World 1967)
* ''The House: Poems'' ([[Louisiana State University Press]] 1984) {{ISBN|978-0-807-11197-0}}
* ''Selected Poems'', David R. Slavitt, ed. ([[Little Island Press]] 2017) {{ISBN|978-0-993-50565-2}}
* Lunch on Omaha Beach
'''Poetry in anthologies'''
* ''Seven Princeton Poets: Louis Coxe, George Garrett, Theodore Holmes, Galway Kinnell, William Meredith, W. S. Merwin, and Bink Noll'' (''The Princeton University Library Chronicle'' Special Issue, Volume XXV, Number 1, Autumn 1963)
'''Score'''
*Song in a winter night: for soprano and piano / words by Bink Noll; [[Burrill Phillips]]. (1985)
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.beloit.edu/~libhome/Archives/acoll/fac/noll.html Obituary from the Beloit Daily News]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20011005095639/http://www.beloit.edu/~english/essay.htm Brian Mornar's history of literary culture at Beloit College]
*[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1207246?&Search=yes&term=noll&term=bink&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dbink%2Bnoll%26wc%3Don%26dc%3DAll%2BDisciplines&item=1&ttl=15&returnArticleService=showArticle Reprint of Noll's "Quaker Hero, Burning," with commentary by the poet]
*[http://www.bpj.org/PDF/V35N3.pdf#zoom=100&page=40 Marion K. Stocking's review of ''The House'', which she describes as "magisterial"]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Noll, Lou B.}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:20th-century American poets]]
[[Category:American tax resisters]]
[[Category:Princeton University alumni]]
[[Category:Johns Hopkins University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Colorado alumni]]
[[Category:Beloit College faculty]]
[[Category:Dartmouth College faculty]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:American LGBTQ poets]]
[[Category:United States Merchant Mariners]]
[[Category:20th-century American LGBTQ people]]
| 1,247,561,730
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[{"title": "Bink Noll", "data": {"Born": "Lou Barker Noll \u00b7 April 15, 1927 \u00b7 Orange, New Jersey, USA", "Died": "November 9, 1986 (aged 59) \u00b7 Beloit, Wisconsin, USA", "Occupation": "Author poet professor", "Nationality": "American", "Notable awards": "National Endowment for the Arts \u00b7 1974"}}]
| false
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# Port Office, Brisbane
The Port Office is a heritage-listed former government building (now a hotel restaurant) at 39 Edward Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Francis Drummond Greville Stanley and built from 1879 to 1929 by John Petrie. It is also known as Stamford Plaza and Harbours & Marine Building. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.
## History
The Port Office was built in 1879–80 to a design by FDG Stanley, the Queensland Colonial Architect. It replaced an earlier building nearby. The contractor was John Petrie who had tendered £8,811 for the work. The building was erected on land adjoining the old Port Office. A slipway and wharves for use by the Department were adjacent. In 1885 a two-storey extension was constructed at the rear of the building.
In 1929 the building was extended to provide more space for the Department of Labour which had occupied the building since 1906. A tide marker on the wall of the building since the turn of the century was damaged during the 1974 floods but was later replaced.
In 1988 the property was leased to a private company and the building became part of the Heritage Hotel complex, later the Stamford Plaza Hotel. Extensive renovations were undertaken including the removal of all post 1880 additions, and the addition of the end balconies which were shown on the Colonial Architect's original plans.
Since June 2010, the former Port Office has been operating as the Moo Moo Wine Bar and Grill within the Stamford Plaza Hotel.
## Description
The Port Office is a two-storey, 1880s building which features restrained Classical detailing combined with decorative cast-iron work. The building has a prominent entry porch with an extensive elevation facing Edward Street. It has three gable ended projecting bays connected by verandahs. The walls are rendered brick while the roof is sheeted in rolled iron. The lower floor level features plain circular columns supporting the verandah and keyed pilasters. The upper level verandah has slender cast-iron columns.
The building has austere Classical detailing with Roman arched openings and a string course in the form of a cornice that runs the perimeter of the building above the ground floor windows. The building has circular ventilator openings in each gable end. Above the roof are chimneys of varying heights, and decorative cast iron ridge cresting. The building is now separated from the Brisbane River by the Stamford Plaza Hotel.
Internally, the building has been extensively renovated and adapted to include ground level speciality shops and a restaurant and bar on the top floor. Two of the shops on the ground floor have had mezzanine levels inserted. Otherwise original ceiling heights have been retained.
## Heritage listing
The Port Office was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
Evidence of the expansion of maritime trade in the late 1870s and its importance to the developing economy of the colony.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.
An example of the work of Colonial Architect FDG Stanley, and of building contractor John Petrie.
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.
Its contribution to the streetscape as part of a maritime precinct.
### Attribution
This Wikipedia article was originally based on "The Queensland heritage register" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the "Queensland heritage register boundaries" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).
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Port Office, Brisbane
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Office,_Brisbane
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en
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Q19817784
| 52,545
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{{Short description|Heritage-listed building in Brisbane, Queensland}}
<!-- Article title: '''Port Office, Brisbane''' siteId: 14863 placeRef:600088 -->
{{Use Australian English|date=December 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name = Port Office, Brisbane
| image = BrisbanePortOffice.JPG
| caption = former Port Office, 2010
| locmapin = Queensland#Australia
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|-27.4714|153.0305|region:AU-QLD_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| location = 39 [[Edward Street, Brisbane|Edward Street]], [[Brisbane City, Queensland|Brisbane City]], [[City of Brisbane]], [[Queensland]], Australia
| beginning_label = Design period
| beginning_date = 1870s–1890s (late 19th century)
| built = 1879–1929
| built_for =
| demolished =
| architect = [[Francis Drummond Greville Stanley]]
| architecture = [[Classical architecture|Classicism]]
| owner =
| designation1 = Queensland Heritage Register
| designation1_offname = The Port Office, Stamford Plaza, Harbours and Marine Building
| designation1_type = state heritage (built)
| designation1_date = 21 October 1992
| delisted1_date =
| designation1_partof =
| designation1_number = 600088
| designation1_free1name = Significant period
| designation1_free1value = 1870s–1880s, 1920s (fabric)<br/>1870s–1980s (historical)
| designation1_free2name = Significant components
| designation1_free2value =
| designation1_free3name = Builders
| designation1_free3value = [[John Petrie]]
}}
The '''Port Office''' is a heritage-listed former government building (now a hotel restaurant) at 39 [[Edward Street, Brisbane|Edward Street]], [[Brisbane City, Queensland|Brisbane City]], [[City of Brisbane]], [[Queensland]], Australia. It was designed by [[Francis Drummond Greville Stanley]] and built from 1879 to 1929 by [[John Petrie]]. It is also known as Stamford Plaza and Harbours & Marine Building. It was added to the [[Queensland Heritage Register]] on 21 October 1992.<ref name=qhr>{{cite QHR|14863|The Port Office|600088|accessdate=1 August 2014}}</ref>
== History ==
[[File:StateLibQld 1 106592 Port Office in Edward Street, Brisbane, 1889.jpg|thumb|left|Port Office in Edward Street, Brisbane, 1889]]
The Port Office was built in 1879–80 to a design by FDG Stanley, the [[Queensland Colonial Architect]]. It replaced an earlier building nearby. The contractor was [[John Petrie]] who had tendered {{A£|8,811}} for the work. The building was erected on land adjoining the old Port Office. A slipway and wharves for use by the Department were adjacent. In 1885 a two-storey extension was constructed at the rear of the building.<ref name=qhr/>
In 1929 the building was extended to provide more space for the Department of Labour which had occupied the building since 1906. A tide marker on the wall of the building since the turn of the century was damaged during the [[1974 Brisbane flood|1974 floods]] but was later replaced.<ref name=qhr/>
In 1988 the property was leased to a private company and the building became part of the Heritage Hotel complex, later the Stamford Plaza Hotel. Extensive renovations were undertaken including the removal of all post 1880 additions, and the addition of the end balconies which were shown on the Colonial Architect's original plans.<ref name=qhr/>
[[File:The Bull Sculpture.jpg|thumb|left|The Bull Sculpture, associated with the Moo Moo Restaurant, 2013]]
Since June 2010, the former Port Office has been operating as the Moo Moo Wine Bar and Grill within the Stamford Plaza Hotel.<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to Moo Moo Brisbane|url=http://www.moomoorestaurant.com/brisbane.B_ABOUT.ews|publisher=Moo Moo Restaurant|accessdate=23 February 2015}}</ref>
== Description ==
[[File:Architectural plan of the Harbours and Rivers Offices (aka Port Office), Brisbane, circa 1888.jpg|thumb|Architectural plan of the Harbours and Rivers Offices, circa 1888]]
The Port Office is a two-storey, 1880s building which features restrained [[Classical architecture|Classical]] detailing combined with decorative cast-iron work. The building has a prominent entry [[porch]] with an extensive elevation facing [[Edward Street, Brisbane|Edward Street]]. It has three [[gable]] ended projecting bays connected by verandahs. The walls are rendered brick while the roof is sheeted in rolled iron. The lower floor level features plain circular [[columns]] supporting the verandah and keyed [[pilasters]]. The upper level verandah has slender cast-iron columns.<ref name=qhr/>
The building has austere Classical detailing with Roman arched openings and a string course in the form of a [[cornice]] that runs the perimeter of the building above the ground floor windows. The building has circular ventilator openings in each gable end. Above the roof are [[chimneys]] of varying heights, and decorative cast iron ridge cresting. The building is now separated from the [[Brisbane River]] by the Stamford Plaza Hotel.<ref name=qhr/>
Internally, the building has been extensively renovated and adapted to include ground level speciality shops and a restaurant and bar on the top floor. Two of the shops on the ground floor have had [[mezzanine]] levels inserted. Otherwise original ceiling heights have been retained.<ref name=qhr/>
== Heritage listing ==
The Port Office was listed on the [[Queensland Heritage Register]] on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.<ref name=qhr/>
'''The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.'''
Evidence of the expansion of maritime trade in the late 1870s and its importance to the developing economy of the colony.<ref name=qhr/>
'''The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.'''
An example of the work of Colonial Architect FDG Stanley, and of building contractor John Petrie.<ref name=qhr/>
'''The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.'''
Its contribution to the streetscape as part of a maritime precinct.<ref name=qhr/>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
=== Attribution ===
{{QHR-CC-2014}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Port Office, Brisbane}}
* {{official website|http://www.moomoorestaurant.com/brisbane.B_ABOUT.ews}}
* [https://buildings.slq.qld.gov.au/feature.html?id=7ce91a47-a4a0-43a2-8c5c-7828212641b9 Port and Harbour Office Discover Queensland Buildings website]
[[Category:Queensland Heritage Register]]
[[Category:History of Brisbane]]
[[Category:Government buildings in Queensland]]
[[Category:Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register]]
[[Category:Edward Street, Brisbane]]
[[Category:Government buildings completed in 1880]]
[[Category:Francis Drummond Greville Stanley buildings]]
[[Category:Restaurants in Queensland]]
| 1,153,370,709
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[{"title": "Port Office, Brisbane", "data": {"Location": "39 Edward Street, Brisbane City, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia", "Coordinates": "27\u00b028\u203217\u2033S 153\u00b001\u203250\u2033E\ufeff / \ufeff27.4714\u00b0S 153.0305\u00b0E", "Design period": "1870s\u20131890s (late 19th century)", "Built": "1879\u20131929", "Architect": "Francis Drummond Greville Stanley", "Architectural style(s)": "Classicism"}}, {"title": "Queensland Heritage Register", "data": {"Official name": "The Port Office, Stamford Plaza, Harbours and Marine Building", "Type": "state heritage (built)", "Designated": "21 October 1992", "Reference no.": "600088", "Significant period": "1870s\u20131880s, 1920s (fabric) \u00b7 1870s\u20131980s (historical)", "Builders": "John Petrie"}}]
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# NGC 900
NGC 900 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Aries about 430 million light-years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by the German astronomer Albert Marth in 1864.
|
enwiki/63414741
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enwiki
| 63,414,741
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NGC 900
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_900
|
2022-12-25T15:23:48Z
|
en
|
Q1040070
| 103,073
|
{{short description|Lenticular galaxy in the constellation Aries}}
{{Infobox galaxy
| name = NGC 900
| image = [[File:NGC900 - SDSS DR14.jpg|250px]]
| caption = [[Sloan Digital Sky Survey|SDSS]] image of NGC 900
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| constellation name = [[Aries (constellation)|Aries]]
| ra = {{RA|02|23|32.18058}}<ref name=GaiaDR2>{{cite DR2}}</ref>
| dec = {{DEC|+26|30|41.6759}}<ref name=GaiaDR2/>
| z = 0.03254<ref name=SIMBAD/>
| h_radial_v = 9596 km/s<ref name=SIMBAD/>
| dist_ly = {{cvt|131.25|Mpc|Mly|lk=on|order=flip}}<ref name=Crook>{{cite journal|title=Groups of Galaxies in the Two Micron All Sky Redshift Survey|author1=Crook, Aidan C.|author2=Huchra, John P.|author3=Martimbeau, Nathalie|author4=Masters, Karen L.|author5=Jarrett, Tom|author6=Macri, Lucas M.|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=655|issue=2|pages=790–813|date=2007|bibcode=2007ApJ...655..790C|doi=10.1086/510201|arxiv=astro-ph/0610732|s2cid=11672751 }}</ref>
| group_cluster =
| type = S0<ref name=SIMBAD/>
| size =
| appmag_v =
| appmag_b = 15.0<ref name=SIMBAD/>
| absmag_v =
| size_v =
| notes =
| names = {{odlist|UGC=1843|MCG=+04-06-020|PGC=9079}}<ref name=SIMBAD>{{cite simbad|title=NGC 900|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref>
}}
'''NGC 900''' is a [[lenticular galaxy]] located in the [[Aries (constellation)|constellation Aries]] about 430 million [[light-year]]s<ref name=Crook/> from the [[Milky Way]]. It was discovered by the [[German people|German]] [[astronomer]] [[Albert Marth]] in 1864.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc9.htm|title=New General Catalog Objects: NGC 900 - 949|website=cseligman.com|access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?objname=ngc+900&img_stamp=YES|title=Your NED Search Results|website=ned.ipac.caltech.edu|access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spider.seds.org/ngc/revngcic.cgi?NGC900|title=Revised NGC Data for NGC 900|website=spider.seds.org|access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in-the-sky.org/data/object.php?id=NGC900|title=The galaxy NGC 900 - In-The-Sky.org|last=Ford|first=Dominic|website=in-the-sky.org|language=en|access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[List of NGC objects (1–1000)]]
== References ==
<references />
== External links ==
* {{commons category-inline}}
{{Ngc10}}
[[Category:NGC objects|0900]]
[[Category:Lenticular galaxies]]
[[Category:Aries (constellation)]]
[[Category:Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects|009079]]
{{lenticular-galaxy-stub}}
| 1,129,473,461
|
[{"title": "Observation data (J2000 epoch)", "data": {"Constellation": "Aries", "Right ascension": "02h 23m 32.18058s", "Declination": "+26\u00b0 30\u2032 41.6759\u2033", "Redshift": "0.03254", "Heliocentric radial velocity": "9596 km/s", "Distance": "428.1 Mly (131.25 Mpc)", "Apparent magnitude (B)": "15.0"}}, {"title": "Characteristics", "data": {"Type": "S0"}}, {"title": "Other designations", "data": {"Other designations": "UGC 1843, MCG +04-06-020, PGC 9079"}}]
| false
|
# Louis de Mas Latrie
Louis de Mas Latrie (9 April 1815 – 3 January 1897) was a 19th-century French historian.
## Biography
After his studies at the École nationale des chartes, Louis de Mas Latrie became an historian and specialized on Cyprus during the Middle Ages. He made several voyages there and is now considered by his peers as the founder of history and archaeology of the island.
In 1848, he succeeded Jacques-Joseph Champollion as professor of diplomatics at the École de Chartes and held that position until his retirement in 1885. He then chose Arthur Giry who had been his assistant for two years to replace him.
He was elected a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in 1885. He was also a member of the Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques and of the Société de l’histoire de France. His works won numerous awards, including a prize bt the Academy des Inscriptions in 1843, a medal in the competition of National Antiquities in 1850 and first and second Grand prix Gobert in 1862 and 1878.
In 1841, he married Pauline Rendu, the niece of Ambroise Rendu, with whom he had 4 children. Widowed in 1862, he remarried three years later with Julie Anne Chauvet, widow of a cousin of his wife, a former lawyer to the Conseil d'État and the Court de Cassation. In 1875, Pope Pius IX granted Louis Mas Latrie the title of count, transmissible to his male offspring. His eldest son, René de Mas Latrie (1844–1904), a former student of the École des Chartes, published in 1875 a study entitled Du droit de marque ou droit de représailles au Moyen Age. One of the granddaughters of Louis Mas Latrie, Anne (1878–1946), married the royalist polemicist Roger Lambelin.
## Principal works
- 1840: Notice historique sur la paroisse de St Etienne-du-Mont, ses monuments et établissements anciens et modernes, suivie des offices propres à l'usage de la même paroisse
- 1840: Chronologie historique des papes, des conciles généraux et des conciles des Gaules et de France...
- Mas-Latrie Louis de. (1844). Notice sur les monnaies et les sceaux des rois de Chypre de la maison de Lusignan. Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. Tome 5, 118-142.
- 1852–1861: Histoire de l'île de Chypre sous le règne des princes de la maison de Lusignan
- 1853: Dictionnaire des manuscrits ou Recueil de catalogues de manuscrits existants dans les principales bibliothèques d'Europe concernant plus particulièrement les matières ecclésiastiques et historiques
- 1854: Dictionnaire de paléographie, de cryptographie, de dactylologie, d'hiéroglyphie, de sténographie et de télégraphie
- De Mas-Latrie Louis. (1856). Fragments d'histoire de Chypre. Établissement de la domination latine en Chypre. Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. Tome 17. 305-340.
- De Mas-Latrie Louis. (1856). Fragments d'histoire de Chypre. Établissement de la domination latine en Chypre. Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. Tome 17. 10-53.
- De Mas-Latrie Louis. (1860). Fragment d'histoire de Chypre. Premiers temps du règne d'Amaury de Lusignan. Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. Tome 21. 339-369.
- 1862: Fac-simile des miniatures contenues dans le bréviaire Grimani conservé à la bibliothèque de St Marc, exécuté en photographie par Antoine Perini, avec explications de François Zanotto et un texte français de M. Louis de Mas Latrie
- De Mas-Latrie Louis. (1863). Notice sur la construction d'une carte de l'île de Chypre. Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. Tome 24. 1-50.
- 1865: Traités de paix et de commerce et documents divers concernant les relations des chrétiens avec les Arabes de l'Afrique septentrionale au moyen âge : recueillis par ordre de l'empereur et publiés avec une introduction historique
- Mas-Latrie Louis de. (1871). Nouvelles preuves de l'Histoire de Chypre [premier article]. Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. Tome 32. 341-378.
- De Mas-Latrie Louis. (1873). Nouvelles preuves de l'Histoire de Chypre [deuxième article]. Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. Tome 34. 47-87.
- 1878: De quelques seigneuries de Terre-Sainte
- 1879: Les Comtes de Jaffa et d'Ascalon du XIIe au XIXe siècle
- 1880: Les Comtes du Carpas
- 1888: Les Rois de Serbie
- 1894: Les Seigneurs d'Arsur en Terre Sainte
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| 51,973,412
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Mas_Latrie
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en
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Q3263525
| 31,692
|
{{Short description|French historian}}
{{Infobox person
| name =
| image = Jacques Marie Joseph Louis Comte de Mas Latrie Reymann BNF Gallica.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_name = Jacques Marie Joseph Louis de Mas Latrie
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Castelnaudary]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1897|01|03|1815|04|09}}
| death_place = Paris
| othername =
| occupation = Historian
| years_active =
| spouse = Pauline Rendu
| signature =
}}
'''Louis de Mas Latrie''' (9 April 1815 – 3 January 1897) was a 19th-century French historian.
== Biography ==
After his studies at the [[École nationale des chartes]], Louis de Mas Latrie became an historian and specialized on [[Cyprus]] during the Middle Ages. He made several voyages there and is now considered by his peers as the founder of history and archaeology of the island.
In 1848, he succeeded [[Jacques-Joseph Champollion]] as professor of [[diplomatics]] at the École de Chartes and held that position until his retirement in 1885. He then chose [[Arthur Giry]] who had been his assistant for two years to replace him.
He was elected a member of the [[Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres]] in 1885. He was also a member of the [[Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques]] and of the [[Société de l’histoire de France]]. His works won numerous awards, including a prize bt the Academy des Inscriptions in 1843, a medal in the competition of National Antiquities in 1850 and first and second [[Grand prix Gobert]] in 1862 and 1878.
In 1841, he married Pauline Rendu, the niece of [[Ambroise Rendu (educator)|Ambroise Rendu]], with whom he had 4 children. Widowed in 1862, he remarried three years later with Julie Anne Chauvet, widow of a cousin of his wife, a former lawyer to the Conseil d'État and the Court de Cassation. In 1875, Pope Pius IX granted Louis Mas Latrie the title of count, transmissible to his male offspring. His eldest son, René de Mas Latrie (1844–1904), a former student of the École des Chartes, published in 1875 a study entitled ''Du droit de marque ou droit de représailles au Moyen Age''. One of the granddaughters of Louis Mas Latrie, Anne (1878–1946), married the royalist polemicist [[Roger Lambelin]].
== Principal works ==
*1840: ''Notice historique sur la paroisse de St Etienne-du-Mont, ses monuments et établissements anciens et modernes, suivie des offices propres à l'usage de la même paroisse''
*1840: ''Chronologie historique des papes, des conciles généraux et des conciles des Gaules et de France...''
*Mas-Latrie Louis de. (1844). [[doi:10.3406/bec.1844.451770|Notice sur les monnaies et les sceaux des rois de Chypre de la maison de Lusignan]]. ''Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes''. Tome 5, 118-142.
*1852–1861: [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k28773f/f3.image.r=Chypre.langFR ''Histoire de l'île de Chypre sous le règne des princes de la maison de Lusignan'']
*1853: ''Dictionnaire des manuscrits ou Recueil de catalogues de manuscrits existants dans les principales bibliothèques d'Europe concernant plus particulièrement les matières ecclésiastiques et historiques''
*1854: ''Dictionnaire de paléographie, de cryptographie, de dactylologie, d'hiéroglyphie, de sténographie et de télégraphie''
*De Mas-Latrie Louis. (1856). [[doi:10.3406/bec.1856.461861|Fragments d'histoire de Chypre. Établissement de la domination latine en Chypre]]. ''Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes''. Tome 17. 305-340.
*De Mas-Latrie Louis. (1856). [[doi:10.3406/bec.1856.445385|Fragments d'histoire de Chypre. Établissement de la domination latine en Chypre]]. ''Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes''. Tome 17. 10-53.
*De Mas-Latrie Louis. (1860). [[1860|Fragment d'histoire de Chypre. Premiers temps du règne d'Amaury de Lusignan]]. ''Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes.'' Tome 21. 339-369.
*1862: ''Fac-simile des miniatures contenues dans le bréviaire Grimani conservé à la bibliothèque de St Marc, exécuté en photographie par Antoine Perini, avec explications de François Zanotto et un texte français de M. Louis de Mas Latrie''
*De Mas-Latrie Louis. (1863). [[doi:10.3406/bec.1863.445868|Notice sur la construction d'une carte de l'île de Chypre]]. ''Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes''. Tome 24. 1-50.
*1865: ''Traités de paix et de commerce et documents divers concernant les relations des chrétiens avec les Arabes de l'Afrique septentrionale au moyen âge : recueillis par ordre de l'empereur et publiés avec une introduction historique''
*Mas-Latrie Louis de. (1871). [[doi:10.3406/bec.1871.446396|Nouvelles preuves de l'Histoire de Chypre [premier article]]]. ''Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes''. Tome 32. 341-378.
*De Mas-Latrie Louis. (1873). [[doi:10.3406/bec.1873.446496|Nouvelles preuves de l'Histoire de Chypre [deuxième article]]]. ''Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes''. Tome 34. 47-87.
*1878: ''De quelques seigneuries de Terre-Sainte''
*1879: ''Les Comtes de Jaffa et d'Ascalon du XIIe au XIXe siècle''
*1880: ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42999508 Les Comtes du Carpas]''
*1888: ''Les Rois de Serbie''
*1894: ''Les Seigneurs d'Arsur en Terre Sainte''
== External links ==
* Une partie de la correspondance de Louis de Mas Latrie a été [https://web.archive.org/web/20090411203416/http://www.mas-latrie.com/article/article.aspx?id_article=53 éditée en ligne] par un de ses descendants
* [http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/bec_0373-6237_1896_num_57_1_462895 Obsèques de M. le comte de Mas-Latrie] on Persée
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Middle Ages|Cyprus|history}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mas Latrie, Louis de}}
[[Category:Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres]]
[[Category:19th-century French historians]]
[[Category:École Nationale des Chartes alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the École Nationale des Chartes]]
[[Category:French medievalists]]
[[Category:French palaeographers]]
[[Category:Officers of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:1815 births]]
[[Category:People from Castelnaudary]]
[[Category:1897 deaths]]
| 1,192,862,689
|
[{"title": "Louis de Mas Latrie", "data": {"Born": "Jacques Marie Joseph Louis de Mas Latrie \u00b7 Castelnaudary", "Died": "3 January 1897 (aged 81) \u00b7 Paris", "Occupation": "Historian", "Spouse": "Pauline Rendu"}}]
| false
|
# Loni Uhila
Loni Uhila (born 7 April 1989 in Tonga) is a Tongan rugby union player and professional heavyweight boxer. His nickname called "The Tongan Bear". He plays in the prop position for the provincial based ITM Cup side Waikato. Uhila also plays for Super Rugby franchise, the Hurricanes.
In October 2017, he will join French reigning champions ASM Clermont Auvergne on a one-year contract.
## Personal
Uhila is married and has a five-year-old daughter, Lile.
Uhila states family is the reason he plays rugby.
|
enwiki/48393364
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enwiki
| 48,393,364
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Loni Uhila
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loni_Uhila
|
2024-10-30T15:55:21Z
|
en
|
Q21285629
| 44,150
|
{{Use British English|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox rugby biography
| name = Loni Uhila
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height = {{height|m=1.80}}
| weight = {{convert|125|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| ru_position = [[Prop (rugby union)|Prop]]
| amatyears1 =
| amatteam1 =
| ru_amupdate =
| repteam1 =
| repyears1 =
| repcaps1 =
| reppoints1 =
| ru_ntupdate =
| years1 = 2017−2020
| clubs1 = [[ASM Clermont Auvergne|Clermont Auvergne]]
| apps1 =52
| points1 =10
| years2 = 2020−21
| clubs2 = [[Stade Rochelais|La Rochelle]]
| apps2 =4
| points2 =0
| years3 = 2021-
| clubs3 = [[Rugby club Hyères Carqueiranne La Crau|Hyères]]
| apps3 =4
| points3 =0
| ru_clubupdate =
| ru_currentclub =
| super1 = {{Rut|Hurricanes}}
| superyears1 = 2016–17
| superapps1 = 24
| superpoints1 = 10
| super14currentclub =
| super14update = 6 August 2016
| ru_province1 = [[Waikato Rugby Union|Waikato]]
| ru_provinceyears1 = 2012–17
| ru_provinceapps1 = 28
| ru_provincepoints1 = 30
| ru_provinceupdate = 16 October 2023
| ru_sevensnationalyears1 =
| ru_sevensnationalteam1 =
| ru_sevensnationalcomp1 =
| coachteams1 =
| coachyears1 =
| ru_coachupdate =
| other =
| occupation =
| family =
| spouse =
| children =
| relatives =
| school = [[Sacred Heart College, Auckland]]
| university =
| birth_date= {{birth date and age|df=yes|1989|04|07}}
}}
'''Loni Uhila''' (born 7 April 1989 in Tonga) is a [[Tonga]]n [[rugby union]] player and professional [[heavyweight]] [[Boxing|boxer]]. His nickname called "The Tongan Bear". He plays in the [[Prop (rugby union)|prop]] position for the provincial based [[ITM Cup]] side [[Waikato Rugby Union|Waikato]].<ref name="Loni Uhila Waikato Player Profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.mooloo.co.nz/team/2015-player-profiles/show/116 | title=Loni Uhila Waikato Player Profile | accessdate=28 October 2015 }}</ref> Uhila also plays for [[Super Rugby]] franchise, the [[Wellington Hurricanes|Hurricanes]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/super-rugby/73428148/jamison-gibsonpark-loni-uhila-complete-hurricanes-super-rugby-roster |title=Jamison Gibson-Park, Loni Uhila complete Hurricanes Super Rugby rosterr |work=Stuff |date=28 October 2015 |accessdate=28 October 2015}}</ref>
In October 2017, he will join French reigning champions [[ASM Clermont Auvergne]] on a one-year contract.
==Professional boxing record==
{{S-start}}
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|'''1 Wins''' (0 knockouts, 1 decisions), '''1 Losses''', '''0 Draws'''<ref name=boxrec>{{cite web |url= http://boxrec.com/boxer/705849 |title=Loni Uhila – boxer |work=BoxRec |accessdate=28 October 2015}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;"
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Res.'''
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Record'''
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Opponent'''
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Type'''
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Rd., Time'''
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Date'''
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Location'''
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|'''Notes'''
|- align=center
|{{yes2}}Win
|1–1
|align=left|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[David Letele]]
|{{small|[[Unanimous Decision|UD]]}}
|{{small|4}}
|{{small|2015-12-05}}
|align=left|{{small|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Claudelands Arena]], [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]], [[Waikato]]}}
|align=left|{{small|Duco Event's Corporate World Title.}}
|- align=center
|{{no2}}Loss
|0–1
|align=left|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[David Letele]]
|{{small|[[Split Decision|SD]]}}
|{{small|4}}
|{{small|2014-12-06}}
|align=left|{{small|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Claudelands Arena]], [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]], [[Waikato]]}}
|align=left|{{small|Professional debut and for Duco Event's Corporate World Title}}
{{S-end}}
== Personal ==
Uhila is married and has a five-year-old daughter, Lile.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Tongan Bear shows softer side|url = http://i.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/super-rugby/74447588/loni-the-tongan-bear-uhila-reveals-his-softer-side-ahead-of-joining-hurricanes|website = Stuff|accessdate = 2015-12-22}}</ref>
Uhila states family is the reason he plays rugby.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.itsrugby.co.uk/player_26921.html itsrugby.co.uk profile]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Uhila, Loni}}
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:New Zealand rugby union players]]
[[Category:Rugby union props]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Waikato rugby union players]]
[[Category:People educated at Sacred Heart College, Auckland]]
[[Category:Hurricanes (rugby union) players]]
[[Category:ASM Clermont Auvergne players]]
[[Category:Stade Rochelais players]]
[[Category:New Zealand expatriate rugby union players in France]]
[[Category:Tonga international rugby union players]]
[[Category:21st-century New Zealand sportsmen]]
{{NewZealand-rugbyunion-bio-1980s-stub}}
| 1,254,351,198
|
[{"title": "Loni Uhila", "data": {"Date of birth": "7 April 1989", "Height": "1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)", "Weight": "125 kg (276 lb)", "School": "Sacred Heart College, Auckland"}}, {"title": "Rugby union career", "data": {"Position(s)": "Prop", "Years": "Team \u00b7 Apps \u00b7 (Points)", "2017\u22122020": "Clermont Auvergne \u00b7 52 \u00b7 (10)", "2020\u221221": "La Rochelle \u00b7 4 \u00b7 (0)", "2021-": "Hy\u00e8res \u00b7 4 \u00b7 (0)", "2012\u201317": "Waikato \u00b7 28 \u00b7 (30)", "2016\u201317": "Hurricanes \u00b7 24 \u00b7 (10)"}}]
| false
|
# Kanniyin Kathali
Kanniyin Kathali (transl. The Maiden's Lover) is a 1949 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed by K. Ramnoth, who produced it with A. K. Sekhar and wrote the screenplay. An adaption of the play Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare, it stars Madhuri Devi, Anjali Devi and S. A. Natarajan. The film revolves around the twins Adithan and Chandrika, who are separated in a shipwreck. Chandrika (who is disguised as a man) falls in love with Prince Vasanthakumar, who in turn is in love with Megala Devi. Upon meeting Chandrika, Megala falls in love with her, thinking she is a man. Kanniyin Kathali was released on 6 August 1949.
## Plot
Prince Adithan and his twin sister Princess Chandrika are separated in a shipwreck. Chandrika is shipwrecked on the coast of the Vasanthapuri Kingdom and she comes ashore with the help of a fisherman. She loses contact with Adithan, whom she believes had drowned. Disguising herself as a young man under the name "Kalaimani", she enters the service of Prince Vasanthakumar's palace, who posed at the Royal Poetry Position.
Vasanthakumar has convinced himself that he in love with Megala Devi, whose father and brother have recently died and who refuses to see charming things, be in the company of man and entertain lover or marriage proposals from anyone (Vasanthakumar included), until seven years have passed. Vasanthakumar then uses "Kalaimani" as an intermediary to profess his passionate love before Megala. However, forgetting about the seven years in his case, falls in love with Kalaimani as she does not realize Vasanthakumar's messenger is a woman in disguise.
Meanwhile, Chandrika has fallen love with Vasanthakumar, creating a love triangle between the trio: Chandrika loves Vasanthakumar, Vasanthakumar loves Megala, and Megala loves "Kalaimani", not knowing it is Chandrika. Adithan arrives in Vasanthapuri, adding to confusion of mistaken identity. Mistaking Adithan for Kalaimani, Megala asks him to marry her. Finally, when Kalaimani and Adithan appear in the presence of both Megala and Vasanthakumar, there is more wonder and confusion at their similarity. At this point, Chandrika reveals her disguise and that Adithan is her twin brother. This ends in declaration of marriage between Vasanthakumar, who marries Chandrika and Adithan, who marries Megala.
## Cast
| Male cast - S. A. Natarajan as Vasanthakumar - K. R. Ramsingh as Durjayan - K. Sarangapani as Anna Alanakara Bhoopathi - Pulimoottai Ramasami Iyer as Mama - K. Sayeeram as Wise Man - Nat Annaji Rao as Satyavanathan - M. K. Mustafa as Sailor - E. R. Sahadevan as Kirthivarman - C. P. Kittan as Kambhodi - M. R. Santhanam as Varali - C. V. V. Panthulu as Sanyasi | Female cast - Anjali Devi as Megala - Madhuri Devi as Adithan, Kalaimani, Chandrika - M. S. Sivabhagyam as Singaram Dance - Lalitha & Padmini |
## Production
In 1947, K. Ramnoth and A. K. Sekhar resigned from Gemini Studios. They were invited by M. Somasundaram to join his company Jupiter Pictures, and accepted. The first project they made for Jupiter was Kanniyin Kathali, an adaptation of the William Shakespeare play Twelfth Night. Ramnoth and Sekhar jointly produced the film, with the former also serving as director and screenwriter, and the latter as art director. S. D. Sundaram wrote the dialogues, W. R. Subba Rao handled the cinematography and T. Durairaj was the editor. The final length of the film was 15,342 feet (4,676 m).
## Soundtrack
Music by S. M. Subbaiah Naidu and C. R. Subbaraman, while lyrics were written by Bhoomi Balagadas, Kannadasan and K. D. Santhanam. This was the cinematic debut of Kannadasan, and the first song he wrote was "Kalangaathiru Manamey".
| Songs | Singers | Lyrics | Length |
| ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------ | ---------- | ------ |
| "Kalangaathiru Manamey" | K. V. Janaki | Kannadasan | 02:37 |
| "Puvy Raja" | M. L. Vasanthakumari & Thiruchi Loganathan | Kannadasan | 02:42 |
| "Kaaranam Theriyammal" | M. L. Vasanthakumari | Kannadasan | 02:28 |
| "Kandaen Ayya" | K. V. Janaki | Kannadasan | 02:19 |
| "Chithirai Paravaiyamma" | K. V. Janaki | Kannadasan | 03:07 |
| "Aasaipatten Machaan" | A. P. Komala | | |
| "Kalaivaaniye Nee" | M. L. Vasanthakumari | | |
| "Kalaiyin Perumai Solla" | K. Sarangapani | | |
| "Naane Ennathaan" | K. V. Janaki | | |
| "Purappaduvome Anne" | Thiruchi Loganathan | | |
| "Paayum Alai" | K. V. Janaki | | |
| "Yositthu Paaraamal" | Thiruchi Loganathan | | |
| "Penn Manam" | K. V. Janaki | | |
| "Vaanathu Muzhu" | K. V. Janaki | | |
## Release and reception
Kanniyin Kathali was released on 6 August 1949. According to historian Randor Guy, the film was not as commercially successful as expected to be; he believed this was due to the changing trends in Tamil cinema of that time, with audiences no longer being interested in films about royalty, though another historian S. Theodore Baskaran said the film was indeed a success.
|
enwiki/63237891
|
enwiki
| 63,237,891
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Kanniyin Kathali
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanniyin_Kathali
|
2025-02-15T21:33:00Z
|
en
|
Q12976368
| 63,869
|
{{short description|1949 film by K. Ramnoth}}
{{distinguish|Kalvanin Kadhali (1955 film)|Kalvanin Kadhali (2006 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kanniyin Kathali
| image = Kanniyin Kathali poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[K. Ramnoth]]
| producer = K. Ramnoth<br />A. K. Sekhar
| screenplay = K. Ramnoth
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Twelfth Night]]''|[[William Shakespeare]]}}
| starring = [[Madhuri Devi]]<br />[[Anjali Devi]]<br />[[S. A. Natarajan]]
| music = [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]]<br />[[C. R. Subbaraman]]
| cinematography = W. R. Subba Rao
| editing = T. Durairaj
| studio = [[Jupiter Pictures]]
| released = {{film date|1949|8|6|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Kanniyin Kathali''''' ({{translation|The Maiden's Lover}}) is a 1949 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by [[K. Ramnoth]], who produced it with A. K. Sekhar and wrote the screenplay. An adaption of the play ''[[Twelfth Night]]'' by [[William Shakespeare]], it stars [[Madhuri Devi]], [[Anjali Devi]] and [[S. A. Natarajan]]. The film revolves around the twins Adithan and Chandrika, who are separated in a shipwreck. Chandrika (who is disguised as a man) falls in love with Prince Vasanthakumar, who in turn is in love with Megala Devi. Upon meeting Chandrika, Megala falls in love with her, thinking she is a man.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Muththucharam - Thirai Ulaga Adhisayangalum Arputhangalum 929 - Maarupatta Irattai Vedangal |date=26 September 2015 |work=[[Dina Thanthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> ''Kanniyin Kathali'' was released on 6 August 1949.
== Plot ==
Prince Adithan and his twin sister Princess Chandrika are separated in a shipwreck. Chandrika is shipwrecked on the coast of the Vasanthapuri Kingdom and she comes ashore with the help of a fisherman. She loses contact with Adithan, whom she believes had drowned. Disguising herself as a young man under the name "Kalaimani", she enters the service of Prince Vasanthakumar's palace, who posed at the Royal Poetry Position.
Vasanthakumar has convinced himself that he in love with Megala Devi, whose father and brother have recently died and who refuses to see charming things, be in the company of man and entertain lover or marriage proposals from anyone (Vasanthakumar included), until seven years have passed. Vasanthakumar then uses "Kalaimani" as an intermediary to profess his passionate love before Megala. However, forgetting about the seven years in his case, falls in love with Kalaimani as she does not realize Vasanthakumar's messenger is a woman in disguise.
Meanwhile, Chandrika has fallen love with Vasanthakumar, creating a love triangle between the trio: Chandrika loves Vasanthakumar, Vasanthakumar loves Megala, and Megala loves "Kalaimani", not knowing it is Chandrika. Adithan arrives in Vasanthapuri, adding to confusion of mistaken identity. Mistaking Adithan for Kalaimani, Megala asks him to marry her. Finally, when Kalaimani and Adithan appear in the presence of both Megala and Vasanthakumar, there is more wonder and confusion at their similarity. At this point, Chandrika reveals her disguise and that Adithan is her twin brother. This ends in declaration of marriage between Vasanthakumar, who marries Chandrika and Adithan, who marries Megala.
== Cast ==
{{Col-begin|width=55%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast<ref name="song book" />
* [[S. A. Natarajan]] as Vasanthakumar
* [[K. R. Ramsingh]] as Durjayan
* [[K. Sarangapani]] as Anna Alanakara Bhoopathi
* Pulimoottai Ramasami Iyer as Mama
* K. Sayeeram as Wise Man
* Nat Annaji Rao as Satyavanathan
* M. K. Mustafa as Sailor
* [[E. R. Sahadevan]] as Kirthivarman
* C. P. Kittan as Kambhodi
* [[M. R. Santhanam]] as Varali
* C. V. V. Panthulu as Sanyasi
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast<ref name="song book" />
* [[Anjali Devi]] as Megala
* [[Madhuri Devi]] as Adithan, Kalaimani, Chandrika
* M. S. Sivabhagyam as Singaram
;Dance<ref name="song book" />
* [[Lalitha (actress)|Lalitha]] & [[Padmini (actress)|Padmini]]
{{col-end}}
== Production ==
In 1947, [[K. Ramnoth]] and A. K. Sekhar resigned from [[Gemini Studios]]. They were invited by M. Somasundaram to join his company [[Jupiter Pictures]], and accepted. The first project they made for Jupiter was ''Kanniyin Kathali'',<ref name="thehindu" /> an adaptation of the [[William Shakespeare]] play ''[[Twelfth Night]]''.<ref name="thehindu" /><ref name="Baskaran" /> Ramnoth and Sekhar jointly produced the film, with the former also serving as director and screenwriter, and the latter as art director. S. D. Sundaram wrote the dialogues, W. R. Subba Rao handled the cinematography and T. Durairaj was the editor. The final length of the film was {{Convert|15342|feet|metres|abbr=}}.<ref name="song book" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Film News Anandan |url=http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1949-cinedetails4.asp |title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru |publisher=Sivagami Publishers |year=2004 |language=Tamil |trans-title=Tamil film history and its achievements |author-link=Film News Anandan |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200228170359/http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1949-cinedetails4.asp |archive-date=28 February 2020 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
== Soundtrack ==
Music by [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]] and [[C. R. Subbaraman]], while lyrics were written by Bhoomi Balagadas, [[Kannadasan]] and [[K. D. Santhanam]].<ref name="song book" /> This was the cinematic debut of Kannadasan, and the first song he wrote was "Kalangaathiru Manamey".<ref name="Baskaran" />
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Songs !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| "Kalangaathiru Manamey" || K. V. Janaki || rowspan=5|[[Kannadasan]] || 02:37
|-
| "Puvy Raja" || [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]] & [[Thiruchi Loganathan]] || 02:42
|-
| "Kaaranam Theriyammal" || [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]] || 02:28
|-
| "Kandaen Ayya" || K. V. Janaki || 02:19
|-
| "Chithirai Paravaiyamma" || K. V. Janaki || 03:07
|-
| "Aasaipatten Machaan" || [[A. P. Komala]] || ||
|-
| "Kalaivaaniye Nee" || M. L. Vasanthakumari || ||
|-
| "Kalaiyin Perumai Solla" || [[K. Sarangapani]] || ||
|-
| "Naane Ennathaan" || K. V. Janaki || ||
|-
| "Purappaduvome Anne" || Thiruchi Loganathan || ||
|-
| "Paayum Alai" || K. V. Janaki || ||
|-
| "Yositthu Paaraamal" || Thiruchi Loganathan || ||
|-
| "Penn Manam" || K. V. Janaki || ||
|-
| "Vaanathu Muzhu" || K. V. Janaki || ||
|-
|}
== Release and reception ==
''Kanniyin Kathali'' was released on 6 August 1949.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19490806&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=Kanniyin Kathali |date=6 August 1949 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=1}}</ref> According to historian [[Randor Guy]], the film was not as commercially successful as expected to be; he believed this was due to the changing trends in [[Tamil cinema]] of that time, with audiences no longer being interested in films about royalty,<ref name="thehindu" /> though another historian [[S. Theodore Baskaran]] said the film was indeed a success.<ref name="Baskaran" />
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="song book">{{Cite book |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7JevgDCLbuNZElOUzdhR1dLV28/view |title=கன்னியின் காதலி |publisher=[[Jupiter Pictures]] |year=1949 |language=ta |type=[[song book]]}}</ref>
<ref name="thehindu">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/kanniyin-kaadhali-1949/article3021024.ece |title=Kanniyin Kaadhali 1949 |date=9 January 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=28 February 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228112135/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/kanniyin-kaadhali-1949/article3021024.ece |archive-date=28 February 2020 |author-link=Randor Guy}}</ref>
<ref name="Baskaran">{{Cite news |last=Baskaran |first=S. Theodore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/theodore-baskaran-on-shakespeareinspired-tamil-films/article8510087.ece |title=Of monologues and melodrama |date=23 April 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=28 February 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228114147/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/theodore-baskaran-on-shakespeareinspired-tamil-films/article8510087.ece |archive-date=28 February 2020 |author-link=S. Theodore Baskaran}}</ref>
}}
== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0260117}}
{{Twelfth Night}}
[[Category:1940s historical comedy films]]
[[Category:1940s Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1940s Indian films]]
[[Category:1949 films]]
[[Category:1949 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Cross-dressing in Indian films]]
[[Category:Films about royalty]]
[[Category:Films about siblings]]
[[Category:Films based on Twelfth Night]]
[[Category:Films based on works by William Shakespeare]]
[[Category:Films scored by C. R. Subbaraman]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Ramnoth]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]]
[[Category:Films set in 1949]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Indian historical comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Jupiter Pictures films]]
[[Category:Twins in Indian films]]
| 1,275,920,778
|
[{"title": "Kanniyin Kathali", "data": {"Directed by": "K. Ramnoth", "Screenplay by": "K. Ramnoth", "Based on": "Twelfth Night \u00b7 by William Shakespeare", "Produced by": "K. Ramnoth \u00b7 A. K. Sekhar", "Starring": "Madhuri Devi \u00b7 Anjali Devi \u00b7 S. A. Natarajan", "Cinematography": "W. R. Subba Rao", "Edited by": "T. Durairaj", "Music by": "S. M. Subbaiah Naidu \u00b7 C. R. Subbaraman", "Production \u00b7 company": "Jupiter Pictures", "Release date": "- 6 August 1949", "Country": "India", "Language": "Tamil"}}]
| false
|
# José Álvarez (Virgin Islands sport shooter)
José Álvarez (15 October 1926 – 2 November 2021) was a sports shooter from the United States Virgin Islands. He competed in the 50 metre pistol event at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
|
enwiki/49354370
|
enwiki
| 49,354,370
|
José Álvarez (Virgin Islands sport shooter)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_%C3%81lvarez_(Virgin_Islands_sport_shooter)
|
2025-02-07T02:01:27Z
|
en
|
Q11728645
| 24,100
|
{{Short description|US Virgin Islands sports shooter (1926–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = José Álvarez
| birth_name =
| fullname =
| nationality =
| residence =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1926|10|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Havana]], Cuba
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|11|2|1926|10|15|df=yes}}<ref name="Obituary">{{cite web|url = https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/herald/name/jose-alvarez-obituary?id=31830924|title = Jose Alvarez|date = 12 December 2021|website = [[Legacy.com]]|access-date = 3 November 2022}}</ref>
| death_place =
| height =
| weight =
| website =
| country =
| sport = [[Shooting sport|Sports shooting]]
| event =
| medaltemplates =
| show-medals = yes
}}
'''José Álvarez''' (15 October 1926 – 2 November 2021) was a [[Shooting sport|sports shooter]] from the [[United States Virgin Islands]]. He competed in the [[Shooting at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Mixed 50 metre free pistol|50 metre pistol event]] at the [[1972 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite web |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/jose-alvarez-3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418104130/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/al/jose-alvarez-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=José Álvarez |accessdate=7 February 2016 |work=Sports Reference}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{sports links}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alvarez, Jose}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:United States Virgin Islands male sport shooters]]
[[Category:Olympic shooters for the United States Virgin Islands]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 1972 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:20th-century American sportsmen]]
{{USVirginIslands-sportshooting-bio-stub}}
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[{"title": "Jos\u00e9 \u00c1lvarez", "data": {"Born": "15 October 1926 \u00b7 Havana, Cuba", "Died": "2 November 2021 (aged 95)"}}, {"title": "Sport", "data": {"Sport": "Sports shooting"}}]
| false
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# Pushed Again
"Pushed Again" is a song by Die Toten Hosen. It is the only single and the fifth track from the album Crash-Landing.
The song is about being tormented by somebody and trying to get this somebody off the narrator's back.
## Music video
The music video was directed by Ralf Schmerberg. It shows the band performing, interspersed with clips of many different cases of riots, police brutality and violation of human rights in many countries, i.e. notably in China.
## Track listing
1. "Pushed Again" (Breitkopf/Andreas Frege) − 3:49
2. "Alles ist eins" (All is one) (von Holst/Frege) − 3:21
3. "Fliegen" (Flying) (Frege/Frege) – 4:28
4. "Revenge" (Meurer/Frege, T.V. Smith) − 3:59
## Charts
| Year | Country | Position |
| ---- | ----------- | -------- |
| 1998 | Germany | 4 |
| 1998 | Switzerland | 10 |
| 1998 | Austria | 20 |
### Year-end charts
| Chart (1998) | Position |
| -------------------------------- | -------- |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 44 |
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Pushed Again
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushed_Again
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{{more citations needed|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Pushed Again
| cover = Pushedagain.gif
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[Die Toten Hosen]]
| album = [[Crash-Landing (Die Toten Hosen album)|Crash-Landing]]
| released = 5 January 1998
| format =
| recorded =
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = [[Melodic hardcore]], [[punk rock]]
| length = 3:49
| label = JKP
| writer = [[Andreas Frege]]<br>[[Michael Breitkopf]]
| producer =
| prev_title = [[Alles aus Liebe (live)]]
| prev_year = 1997
| next_title = [[Weihnachtsmann vom Dach]]
| next_year = 1998
}}
'''"Pushed Again"''' is a song by [[Die Toten Hosen]]. It is the only single and the fifth track from the album ''[[Crash-Landing (Die Toten Hosen album)|Crash-Landing]]''.
The song is about being tormented by somebody and trying to get this somebody off the narrator's back.
==Music video==
The music video was directed by [[Ralf Schmerberg]]. It shows the band performing, interspersed with clips of many different cases of [[riot]]s, [[police brutality]] and violation of [[human rights]] in many countries, i.e. notably in [[China]].
==Track listing==
# "Pushed Again" (Breitkopf/[[Andreas Frege]]) − 3:49
# "Alles ist eins" (''All is one'') (von Holst/Frege) − 3:21
# "Fliegen" (''Flying'') (Frege/Frege) – 4:28
# "Revenge" (Meurer/Frege, [[T.V. Smith]]) − 3:59
==Charts==
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Country
! Position
|-
| 1998
| [[Germany]]
| 4
|-
| 1998
| [[Switzerland]]
| 10
|-
| 1998
| [[Austria]]
| 20
|}
===Year-end charts===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|-
!scope="col"|Chart (1998)
!scope="col"|Position
|-
|align="left"|Germany (Official German Charts)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/single-jahr/for-date-1998 |title=Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts|language=German |publisher=[[GfK Entertainment]] |accessdate=August 7, 2015}}</ref>
|align="center"|44
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1998 singles]]
[[Category:Die Toten Hosen songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Campino (singer)]]
[[Category:Songs written by Michael Breitkopf]]
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[{"title": "from the album Crash-Landing", "data": {"Released": "5 January 1998", "Genre": "Melodic hardcore, punk rock", "Length": "3:49", "Label": "JKP", "Songwriter(s)": "Andreas Frege \u00b7 Michael Breitkopf"}}, {"title": "Die Toten Hosen singles chronology", "data": {"\"Alles aus Liebe (live)\" \u00b7 (1997)": "\"Pushed Again\" \u00b7 (1998) \u00b7 \"Weihnachtsmann vom Dach\" \u00b7 (1998)"}}]
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# List of compositions by William Byrd
This is a list of the musical compositions by William Byrd, one of the most celebrated English composers of the Renaissance.
## Vocal works
### Masses (c. 1592–5)
- Mass for Three Voices (c. 1593–4)
- Mass for Four Voices (c. 1592–3)
- Mass for Five Voices (c. 1594–5)
### Latin motets
#### Cantiones sacrae(Cantiones , quae ab argumento sacrae vocantur) (1575)
- Emendemus in melius á 5
- Libera me Domine et pone me á
- Peccantem me quotidie á 5
- Aspice Domine á 6
- Attollite portas á 6
- O lux beata Trinitas á 6
- Laudate pueri Dominum á 6
- Memento homo á 6
- Siderum rector á 5
- Da mihi auxilium á 6
- Domine secundum actum meum á 6
- Diliges Dominum á 8
- Miserere mihi Domine á 6
- Tribue Domine; Te deprecor; Gloria Patri á 6
- Libera me Domine de morte aeterna á 5
- Gloria patri á 6
- Te deprecor á 6
#### Liber primus sacrarum cantionum(Cantiones Sacrae I) (1589)
(all for 5 voices)
- Defecit in dolore – Sed tu Domine
- Domine praestolamur – Veni Domine noli tardare
- O Domine adjuva me
- Tristitia et anxietas – Sed tu Domine
- Memento Domine
- Vide Domine afflictionem – Sed veni Domine
- Deus venerunt gentes – Posuerunt morticinia – Effuderunt sanguinem – Facti sumus opprobrium
- Domine tu jurasti
- Vigilate
- In resurrectione tua
- Aspice Domine de sede – Respice Domine
- Ne irascaris Domine – Civitas sancti tui
- O quam gloriosum est regnum – Benedictio et claritas
- Tribulationes civitatum – Timor et hebetudo – Nos enim pro peccatis
- Domine secundum multitudinem
- Laetentur coeli – Orietur in diebus
#### Liber secundus sacrarum cantionum(Cantiones Sacrae II) (1591)
for 5 voices:
- Laudibus in sanctis – Magnificum Domini – Hunc arguta
- Quis est homo – Diverte a malo
- Fac cum servo tuo
- Salve Regina – Et Jesum
- Tribulatio proxima est – Contumelias et terrores
- Domine exaudi orationem – Et non intres in judicium
- Apparebit in finem
- Haec dicit Dominus – Haec dicit Dominus
- Circumdederunt me
- Levemus corda
- Recordare Domine – Quiescat Domine
- Exsurge Domine
- Miserere mei Deus
for 6 voices:
- Descendit de coelis – Et exivit per auream portam
- Domine non sum dignus
- Infelix ego – Quid igitur faciam? – At te igitur
- Afflicti pro peccatis – Ut eruas nos
- Cantate Domino
- Cunctis diebus
- Domine salva nos
- Haec dies
#### Gradualia: ac cantiones sacrae, liber primus(Gradualia I) (1605)
for 5 voices:
##### For the Purification
- Suscepimus Deus
- Sicut audivimus
- Senex puerum portabat
- Nunc dimittis
- Responsum accepit Simeon
##### Nativity of the Blessed Virgin
- Salve sancta parens
- Benedicta et venerabilis - Virgo Dei genitrix
- Felix es sacra
- Beata es Virgo
- Beata viscera
##### Lady Mass in Advent
- Rorate caeli desuper
- Tollite portas
- Ave Maria
- Ecce Virgo concipiet
##### Lady Mass in Christmastide
- Vultum tuum
- Speciosus forma
- Post partum
- Felix namque
##### Assumption
- Gaudeamus omnes
- Diffusa est gratia
- Assumpta est Maria
- Optimam partem
##### All Saints
- Gaudeamus omnes
- Timete Dominum
- Justorum animae
- Beati mundo corde
##### Miscellaneous pieces
- Gaude Maria
- Alleluia – Ave Maria – Virga Jesse
- Adoramus te Christe (voice + 4 viols)
for 4 voices:
##### Corpus Christi
- Cibavit eos
- Oculi omnium
- Sacerdotes Domini
- Quotiescunque manducabitis
- Ave verum corpus
- O salutaris hostia
- O sacrum convivium
- [Pange lingua] – Nobis datus
##### Miscellaneous pieces
- Ecce quam bonum
- Christus resurgens
- Visita quaesumus
- In manus tuas
- Laetania
- Salve sola Dei genitrix
- Senex puerum portabat
- Hodie beata Virgo Maria
- Deo gratias
- Unam petii a Domino
- Plorans plorabit
for 3 voices:
##### Marian antiphons and hymns
- Quem terra pontus aethera
- O gloriosa Domina
- Memento salutis auctor
- Ave Maris stella
- Regina caeli
- Salve Regina
- Alma redemptoris mater
- Ave Regina caelorum
##### Holy Week and Easter
- Alleluia – [Vespere autem sabbathi] Quae lucescit
- Haec dies
- Angelus Domini descendit
- Post dies octo – Mane nobiscum
- Passio Domini secundum Johannem (Turbarum voces)
##### Candlemas
- Adorna thalamum tuum
#### Gradualia: seu cantionum sacrarum, liber secundus(Gradualia II) (1607)
for 4 voices:
##### Nativity
- Puer natus est nobis
- Viderunt omnes
- Dies sanctificatus
- Tui sunt coeli
- Viderunt omnes
- Hodie Christus natus est
- O admirabile commertium
- O magnum misterium
- Beata Virgo
##### Epiphany
- Ecce advenit Dominator Dominus
- Reges Tharsis
- Vidimus stellam
- Surge illuminare
##### Corpus Christi and The Blessed Sacrament
- Ab ortu solis
- Venite comedite
- Alleluia – Cognoverunt discipuli
- Ego sum panis vivus
- O quam suavis
- Jesu nostra redemptio
for 5 voices:
##### Easter
- Resurrexi
- Haec dies
- Victimae paschali
- Terra tremuit
- Pascha nostrum
##### Ascension
- Viri Galilei
- Alleluia – Ascendit Deus
- Dominus in Sina
- Ascendit Deus
- Psallite Domino
- O rex gloriae
##### Pentecost
- Spiritus Domini
- Alleluia – Emitte spiritum tuum
- Veni sancte spiritus
- Confirma hoc Deus
- Factus est repente
- Veni sancte spiritus
- Non vos relinquam orphanos
for 6 voices:
##### SS. Peter and Paul
- Nunc scio vere
- Constitues eos principes
- Solve jubente Deo
- Tu es Petrus
- Hodie Simon Petrus
- Tu es pastor ovium
- Quodcunque ligaveris
##### Miscellaneous
- Laudate Dominum
- Venite exultemus
#### Unpublished Latin settings
A majority of the unpublished works are found in private partbooks collections. A number of 5- and 6-voice works found in the Baldwin Partbooks are rendered incomplete, as the Tenor partbook has been lost.
for 3 voices:
- Sanctus (authenticity uncertain)
for 4 voices:
- Alleluia. Confitemini Domino
- Christe qui lux es
for 5 voices:
- Audivi vocem a5
- Benigne fac a5 [-1]
- Christe qui lux es
- Decantabat populus (authenticity uncertain)
- De lamentatione Jeremiæ prophetæ [-1]
- Domine Deus omnipotens
- Domine exaudi orationem
- Ne perdas cum impiis
- Omni tempore benedic Deum
- Peccavi super numerum
- Petrus beatus
- Reges Tharsis (authenticity uncertain)
- Sacris solemnuis (authenticity uncertain)
- Vide Domine quoniam tribulor (authenticity uncertain)
for 6 voices:
- Circumspice Jerusalem - Ecce enim veniunt
- Deus in adjutorium [-1]
- Domine ante te [-1]
- O salutaris hostia
for 8 voices:
- Ad Dominum cum tribularer
- Quomodo cantabimus
for 9 voices:
- Domine quis habitabit
Consort song:
- Quis me statim
### English music
#### Psalmes, sonnets, and songs of sadness and pietie(1588)
(all for 5 voices)
Psalms
- O God give ear and do apply
- Mine eyes with fervency of sprite
- My soul oppressed with care and grief
- How shall a young man prone to ill
- O Lord how long wilt thou forget
- O Lord who in thy sacred tent
- Help Lord for wasted are those men
- Blessed is he that fears the Lord
- Lord in thy wrath
- Even from the depth
Sonnets and Pastorals
- I joy not in no earthly bliss
- Though Amaryllis dance in green
- Who likes to love let him take heed
- My mind to me a kingdom is
- Where fancy fond for pleasure pleads
- O you that hear this voice
- If women could be fair
- Ambitious love
- What pleasure have great Princes
- As I beheld I saw a herdman wild
- Although the heathen poets
- In fields abroad
- Constant Penelope
- La verginella
- Farewell false love
- The match that's made
Songs of sadness and piety
- Prostrate O Lord I lie
- All as a Sea
- Susanna fair
- If that a sinner's sighs
- Care for thy soul
- Lulla, Lullaby
- Why do I use?
The funeral songs of that honourable Gent., Sir Phillip Sidney, Knight
- Come to me grief for ever
- O that most rare breast
#### Songs of sundrie natures(1589)
for 3 voices:
- Lord in thy rage
- Right blest are they
- Lord in thy wrath correct me not
- O God which art most merciful
- Lord hear my prayer
- From depth of sin
- Attend mine humble prayer
- Susanna fair
- The nightingale
- When younglings first on Cupid fix their sight – But when by proof
- Upon a summer's day – Then for a boat
- The greedy hawk
for 4 voices:
- Is Love a boy? – Boy pity me
- Wounded I am – Yet of us twain
- From Cytheron the warlike boy is fled – There careless thoughts are freed – If Love be just
- O Lord my God
- While that the sun
- Rejoice rejoice [Chorus of From virgin's womb]
- Cast off all doubtful care [Chorus of An earthly tree]
for 5 voices:
- Weeping full sore
- Penelope that longed for the sight
- Compel the hawk
- See those sweet eyes
- When I was otherwise
- When first by force
- I thought that Love had been a boy
- O dear life
- Love would discharge
- From virgin's womb
- Of gold all burnished – Her breath is more sweet
for 6 voices:
- Behold how good a thing – And as the pleasant morning dew
- An earthly tree an heavenly fruit
- Who made thee, Hob, forsake the plough
- And think ye Nymphs to scorn at love – Love is a fit of pleasure
- If in thine heart
- Unto the hills mine eyes I lift
- Christ rising again – Christ is risen again
#### The first sett, of Italian madrigalls Englished(1590)
for 6 voices:
- This sweet and merry month of May
#### Psalmes, songs, and sonnets(1611)
for 3 voices:
- The eagle's force
- Of flatt'ring speech
- In winter cold – whereat an ant
- Who looks may leap
- Sing ye to our Lord
- I have been young
- In crystal towers
for 4 voices:
- This sweet and merry month of May
- Let not the sluggish sleep
- A feigned friend
- Awake mine eyes
- Come jolly swains
- What is life or worldly pleasure?
- [Instrumental] Fantazia
- Come let us rejoice unto our Lord
for 5 voices:
- Retire my soul
- Arise Lord into thy rest
- Come woeful Orpheus
- Sing we merrily unto God – Blow up the trumpet
- Crowned with flowers
- Wedded to will is witless
- Make ye joy to God
for 6 voices:
- Have mercy upon me
- [Instrumental] Fantazia
- This day Christ was born
- O God that guides the cheerful sun
- Praise our Lord, all ye Gentiles
- Turn our captivity
- Ah silly soul
- How vain the toils
#### Teares or Lamentacions of a Sorrowfull Soule(1614)
for 4 voices:
- Look down, O Lord, on me a poor man
- Be unto me, O Lord, a tower of strength
for 5 voices:
- I laid down to rest and sleep
- Come help O God
#### Unpublished English settings
##### Services
Byrd wrote at least five services.
- Short ('First') Service, for 6 voices
1. Venite
2. Te Deum
3. Benedictus
4. Kyrie
5. Creed
6. Magnificat
7. Nunc Dimittis
- Second Service, for 5 voices
1. Magnificat
2. Nunc Dimittis
- Third Service, for 5 voices
1. Magnificat
2. Nunc Dimittis
- Great Service, for 10 voices
1. Venite
2. Te Deum
3. Benedictus
4. Kyrie
5. Creed
6. Magnificat
7. Nunc Dimittis
- Short Morning Service (fragment)
##### Full anthems
- Arise O Lord (6vv)
- Exalt thyself O God (6vv)
- How long shall mine enemies triumph? (5vv)
- O God the proud are risen (6vv)
- O God whom our offences have displeased (5vv)
- O Lord make thy servant Elizabeth (6vv)
- O praise our Lord (5vv)
- Out of the deep (6vv)
- Prevent us O Lord (5vv)
- Save me O God (5vv) (authenticity uncertain)
- Sing joyfully (6vv)
##### Verse anthems
- Alack when I look back
- Behold O God the sad and heavy case
- Christ rising again/Christ is risen
- Hear my prayer O Lord
- O Lord rebuke me not
- Thou God that guid'st
##### Consort songs
- An aged dame
- Ah golden hairs
- As Cæsar wept
- Blame I confess
- Come pretty babe
- Content is rich
- Crowned with flowers and lilies
- Delight is dead
- E'en as the seas
- Fair Britain isle
- Have mercy on us Lord
- He that all earthly pleasure scorns
- In angel's weed
- I will not say
- The Lord is only my support
- Lord to thee I make my moan
- The man is blest
- Mount Hope
- My freedom
- My mistress had a little dog
- O God but God
- O Lord bow down
- O Lord how vain
- O Lord within thy tabernacle
- O that we woeful wretches
- Out of the orient crystal skies
- Rejoice unto the Lord
- Sith death at length
- Sith that the tree
- Though I be brown
- Thou poets' friend
- Triumph with pleasant melody
- Truce for a time
- Truth at the first
- What steps of strife
- Where the blind
- While Phœbus used to dwell
- With lilies white
- Wretched Albinus
- Ye sacred muses
## Keyboard works
BK numbers refer to Musica Britannica: William Byrd Keyboard Music, ed. Alan Brown (London: Stainer & Bell, 2 vols, 1969/71)
- My Ladye Nevells Booke (1591)
1. My Ladye Nevells Grownde, BK57
2. Qui Passe; for my Ladye Nevell, BK19
3. The Marche before the Battell, BK93
4. The Battell, BK94: The souldiers sommons; The marche of footemen; The marche of horsmen; The trumpets; The Irishe marche; The bagpipe and the drone; The flute and the droome; The marche to the fighte; The retreat
5. The Galliarde for the Victorie, BK95
6. The Barleye Breake, BK92
7. A Galliards Gygge, BK18
8. The Huntes upp, BK40
9. Ut Re Mi Fa Sol La, BK64
10. The Firste Pavian, BK29a
11. The Galliarde to the Firste Pavian, BK29b
12. The Seconde Pavian, BK71a
13. The Galliarde to the Seconde Pavian, BK71b
14. The Third Pavian, BK14a
15. The Galliarde to the Third Pavian, BK14b
16. The Fourth Pavian, BK30a
17. The Galliarde to the Fourth Pavian, BK30b
18. The Fifte Pavian, BK31a
19. The Galliarde to the Fifte Pavian, BK31b
20. Pavana the Sixte; Kinbrugh Goodd, BK32a
21. The Galliarde to the Sixte Pavian, BK32b
22. The Seventh Pavian, BK74
23. The Eighte Pavian, BK17
24. The Passinge Mesures; the Nynthe Pavian, BK2a
25. The Galliarde to the Nynthe Pavian, BK2b
26. A Voluntarie; for my Ladye Nevell, BK61
27. Will Yow Walke the Woods soe Wylde, BK85
28. The Maidens Songe, BK82
29. A Lesson of voluntarie, BK26
30. The Second Grownde, BK42
31. Have with Yow to Walsingame, BK8
32. All in a Garden Grine, BK56
33. Lord Willobies Welcome Home, BK7
34. The Carmans Whistle, BK36
35. Hughe Ashtons Grownde, BK20
36. A Fancie, for my Ladye Nevell, BK25
37. Sellingers Rownde, BK84
38. Munsers Almaine (II), BK88
39. The Tennthe Pavian; Mr. W. Peter, BK3a
40. The Galliarde to the Tennthe Pavian, BK3b
41. A Fancie, BK46
42. A Voluntarie, BK27
- 69 pieces in the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book
- 8 pieces in Parthenia
- The French coranto, BK21a
- The second French coranto, BK21b
- The 3rd French coranto, BK21c
- A Horne Pipe, BK39
- Miserere I, BK66
- Miserere II, BK67
- Parludam, BK115
- A Pavin, BK33a
- Galliard, BK33b
- Eccho paven, BK114a
- The Galliard, BK114b
- A Preludium, BK116
- Christe qui lux, BK121
- Gloria tibi trinitas, BK50
- A Verse of Two Parts, BK28
- A Ground, BK43
- A Grounde, BK9
- Clarifica me pater a 2, BK47
- Salvator mundi I, BK68
- Salvator mundi II, BK69
- Ut, Re, Mee, Fa, Sol, La, The playnesong Breifs To Be played By a second person, BK58
- Go from my window, BK79
- A Ground, BK86
- O quam gloriosum est regnum
- If my complaints, or Pyper's Galliard, BK118
- A Pavion, BK23a
- The Galliard, BK23b
- Pavin, BK76
- A Galliard, BK77
- An Alman, BK117
- Paven, BK73a
- Galiard, BK73b
- A Pavyn, BK16a
- A Galliard, BK16b
- A Pavion, BK72a
- The Galliard to it, BK72b
## Consort works (unpublished)
- 3 fantasias, 3vv
- 4 fantasias, 4vv
- Prelude and ground, 5vv
- Fantasia, 5vv ('2 parts in 1')
- Browning, 5vv
- Pavan, 5vv
- 2 fantasias, 6vv
- Pavan and galliard, 6vv
## Others
### Lost or fragmentary works
- Ad punctum in modico á 2 (BB) – Fragmentary
- Ah, youthful years – Fragmentary
- Behold, how good – Fragmentary
- Cease Cares – Fragmentary
- Depart ye furies – Fragmentary
- Litany á 4 (SATB) – Fragmentary, and a doubtful work
- If trickling tears – Fragmentary
- In tower most high – Fragmentary
- I will give laud – Fragmentary
- Jubilate Deo, omnis terra – Fragmentary, and a doubtful work
- Look and bow down – Fragmentary
- Oh happy thrice – Fragmentary
- O trifling days – Fragmentary
- Preces Deo fundamus – Fragmentary
- Service in F – Fragmentary, and a doubtful work
- Sponsus amat sponsam á 2 (ST) – Fragmentary, and a doubtful work
- What wights are these? – Fragmentary
- While that a cruel fire – Fragmentary
- With sighs and teares – Fragmentary
### Works believed to be by Byrd
- Ave regina caelorum á 5 (ATTBarB) – Claimed to be by "Mr Byrde" in the Paston Lute Book, however the editors of the Tudor Church Music Book attributed the work to John Taverner.
### Joint commissions
- In exitu Israel á 4 (TTTB) – A joint work with John Sheppard and William Mundy.
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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
[[File:William Byrd (1543-1623).jpg|thumb|[[William Byrd]]]]
This is a list of the musical compositions by [[William Byrd]], one of the most celebrated English [[composer]]s of the [[Renaissance]].
==Vocal works==
===Masses (c. 1592–5)===
*Mass for Three Voices (c. 1593–4)
*[[Mass for Four Voices]] (c. 1592–3)
*[[Mass for Five Voices]] (c. 1594–5)
===Latin motets===
====''Cantiones sacrae'' (''Cantiones , quae ab argumento sacrae vocantur'') (1575)====
*Emendemus in melius á 5
*Libera me Domine et pone me á
*Peccantem me quotidie á 5
*Aspice Domine á 6
*Attollite portas á 6
*O lux beata Trinitas á 6
*Laudate pueri Dominum á 6
*Memento homo á 6
*Siderum rector á 5
*Da mihi auxilium á 6
*Domine secundum actum meum á 6
*Diliges Dominum á 8
*Miserere mihi Domine á 6
*Tribue Domine; Te deprecor; Gloria Patri á 6
*Libera me Domine de morte aeterna á 5
*Gloria patri á 6
*Te deprecor á 6
====''Liber primus sacrarum cantionum'' (''Cantiones Sacrae I'') (1589)====
(all for 5 voices)
*Defecit in dolore – Sed tu Domine
*Domine praestolamur – Veni Domine noli tardare
*O Domine adjuva me
*Tristitia et anxietas – Sed tu Domine
*Memento Domine
*Vide Domine afflictionem – Sed veni Domine
*Deus venerunt gentes – Posuerunt morticinia – Effuderunt sanguinem – Facti sumus opprobrium
*Domine tu jurasti
*Vigilate
*In resurrectione tua
*Aspice Domine de sede – Respice Domine
*Ne irascaris Domine – Civitas sancti tui
*O quam gloriosum est regnum – Benedictio et claritas
*Tribulationes civitatum – Timor et hebetudo – Nos enim pro peccatis
*Domine secundum multitudinem
*Laetentur coeli – Orietur in diebus
====''Liber secundus sacrarum cantionum'' (''Cantiones Sacrae II'') (1591)====
'''for 5 voices:'''
*Laudibus in sanctis – Magnificum Domini – Hunc arguta
*Quis est homo – Diverte a malo
*Fac cum servo tuo
*Salve Regina – Et Jesum
*Tribulatio proxima est – Contumelias et terrores
*Domine exaudi orationem – Et non intres in judicium
*Apparebit in finem
*Haec dicit Dominus – Haec dicit Dominus
*Circumdederunt me
*Levemus corda
*Recordare Domine – Quiescat Domine
*Exsurge Domine
*Miserere mei Deus
'''for 6 voices:'''
*Descendit de coelis – Et exivit per auream portam
*Domine non sum dignus
*Infelix ego – Quid igitur faciam? – At te igitur
*Afflicti pro peccatis – Ut eruas nos
*Cantate Domino
*Cunctis diebus
*Domine salva nos
*Haec dies
====''Gradualia: ac cantiones sacrae, liber primus'' (''Gradualia I'') (1605)====
'''for 5 voices:'''
=====Marian masses=====
=====For the Purification=====
*Suscepimus Deus
*Sicut audivimus
*Senex puerum portabat
*Nunc dimittis
*Responsum accepit Simeon
=====Nativity of the Blessed Virgin=====
*Salve sancta parens
*Benedicta et venerabilis - Virgo Dei genitrix
*Felix es sacra
*Beata es Virgo
*Beata viscera
=====Lady Mass in Advent=====
*Rorate caeli desuper
*Tollite portas
*Ave Maria
*Ecce Virgo concipiet
=====Lady Mass in Christmastide=====
*Vultum tuum
*Speciosus forma
*Post partum
*Felix namque
=====Assumption=====
*Gaudeamus omnes
*Diffusa est gratia
*Assumpta est Maria
*Optimam partem
=====All Saints=====
*Gaudeamus omnes
*Timete Dominum
*Justorum animae
*Beati mundo corde
=====Miscellaneous pieces=====
*Gaude Maria
*Alleluia – Ave Maria – [[Virga Jesse]]
*Adoramus te Christe (voice + 4 viols)
'''for 4 voices:'''
=====[[Corpus Christi (feast)|Corpus Christi]]=====
*Cibavit eos
*Oculi omnium
*Sacerdotes Domini
*Quotiescunque manducabitis
*Ave verum corpus
*O salutaris hostia
*O sacrum convivium
*[Pange lingua] – Nobis datus
=====Miscellaneous pieces=====
*Ecce quam bonum
*Christus resurgens
*Visita quaesumus
*In manus tuas
*Laetania
*Salve sola Dei genitrix
*Senex puerum portabat
*Hodie beata Virgo Maria
*Deo gratias
*Unam petii a Domino
*Plorans plorabit
'''for 3 voices:'''
=====Marian antiphons and hymns=====
*Quem terra pontus aethera
*O gloriosa Domina
*Memento salutis auctor
*Ave Maris stella
*Regina caeli
*Salve Regina
*Alma redemptoris mater
*Ave Regina caelorum
=====Holy Week and Easter=====
*Alleluia – [Vespere autem sabbathi] Quae lucescit
*Haec dies
*Angelus Domini descendit
*Post dies octo – Mane nobiscum
*Passio Domini secundum Johannem (Turbarum voces)
=====Candlemas=====
*Adorna thalamum tuum
====''Gradualia: seu cantionum sacrarum, liber secundus'' (''Gradualia II'') (1607)====
'''for 4 voices:'''
=====Nativity=====
*Puer natus est nobis
*Viderunt omnes
*Dies sanctificatus
*Tui sunt coeli
*Viderunt omnes
*Hodie Christus natus est
*O admirabile commertium
*O magnum misterium
*Beata Virgo
=====Epiphany=====
*Ecce advenit Dominator Dominus
*Reges Tharsis
*Vidimus stellam
*Surge illuminare
=====Corpus Christi and The Blessed Sacrament=====
*Ab ortu solis
*Venite comedite
*Alleluia – Cognoverunt discipuli
*Ego sum panis vivus
*O quam suavis
*Jesu nostra redemptio
'''for 5 voices:'''
=====Easter=====
*Resurrexi
*Haec dies
*Victimae paschali
*Terra tremuit
*Pascha nostrum
=====Ascension=====
*Viri Galilei
*Alleluia – Ascendit Deus
*Dominus in Sina
*Ascendit Deus
*Psallite Domino
*O rex gloriae
=====Pentecost=====
*Spiritus Domini
*Alleluia – Emitte spiritum tuum
*Veni sancte spiritus
*Confirma hoc Deus
*Factus est repente
*Veni sancte spiritus
*Non vos relinquam orphanos
'''for 6 voices:'''
=====SS. Peter and Paul=====
*Nunc scio vere
*Constitues eos principes
*Solve jubente Deo
*Tu es Petrus
*Hodie Simon Petrus
*Tu es pastor ovium
*Quodcunque ligaveris
=====Miscellaneous=====
*Laudate Dominum
*Venite exultemus
====Unpublished Latin settings====
A majority of the unpublished works are found in private partbooks collections. A number of 5- and 6-voice works found in the Baldwin Partbooks are rendered incomplete, as the Tenor partbook has been lost.
'''for 3 voices:'''
*Sanctus (authenticity uncertain)
'''for 4 voices:'''
*Alleluia. Confitemini Domino
*Christe qui lux es
'''for 5 voices:'''
*Audivi vocem a5
*Benigne fac a5 [-1]
*Christe qui lux es
*Decantabat populus (authenticity uncertain)
*De lamentatione Jeremiæ prophetæ [-1]
*Domine Deus omnipotens
*Domine exaudi orationem
*Ne perdas cum impiis
*Omni tempore benedic Deum
*Peccavi super numerum
*Petrus beatus
*Reges Tharsis (authenticity uncertain)
*Sacris solemnuis (authenticity uncertain)
*Vide Domine quoniam tribulor (authenticity uncertain)
'''for 6 voices:'''
*Circumspice Jerusalem - Ecce enim veniunt
*Deus in adjutorium [-1]
*Domine ante te [-1]
*O salutaris hostia
'''for 8 voices:'''
*Ad Dominum cum tribularer
*Quomodo cantabimus
'''for 9 voices:'''
*Domine quis habitabit
'''Consort song:'''
*Quis me statim
===English music===
====''Psalmes, sonnets, and songs of sadness and pietie'' (1588)====
(all for 5 voices)
'''Psalms'''
* O God give ear and do apply
* Mine eyes with fervency of sprite
* My soul oppressed with care and grief
* How shall a young man prone to ill
* O Lord how long wilt thou forget
* O Lord who in thy sacred tent
* Help Lord for wasted are those men
* Blessed is he that fears the Lord
* Lord in thy wrath
* Even from the depth
'''Sonnets and Pastorals'''
* I joy not in no earthly bliss
* Though Amaryllis dance in green
* Who likes to love let him take heed
* My mind to me a kingdom is
* Where fancy fond for pleasure pleads
* O you that hear this voice
* If women could be fair
* Ambitious love
* What pleasure have great Princes
* As I beheld I saw a herdman wild
* Although the heathen poets
* In fields abroad
* Constant Penelope
* La verginella
* Farewell false love
* The match that's made
'''Songs of sadness and piety'''
* Prostrate O Lord I lie
* All as a Sea
* Susanna fair
* If that a sinner's sighs
* Care for thy soul
* Lulla, Lullaby
* Why do I use?
'''The funeral songs of that honourable Gent., Sir Phillip Sidney, Knight'''
* Come to me grief for ever
* O that most rare breast
====''Songs of sundrie natures'' (1589)====
'''for 3 voices:'''
* Lord in thy rage
* Right blest are they
* Lord in thy wrath correct me not
* O God which art most merciful
* Lord hear my prayer
* From depth of sin
* Attend mine humble prayer
* Susanna fair
* The nightingale
* When younglings first on Cupid fix their sight – But when by proof
* Upon a summer's day – Then for a boat
* The greedy hawk
'''for 4 voices:'''
* Is Love a boy? – Boy pity me
* Wounded I am – Yet of us twain
* From Cytheron the warlike boy is fled – There careless thoughts are freed – If Love be just
* O Lord my God
* While that the sun
* Rejoice rejoice [Chorus of ''From virgin's womb'']
* Cast off all doubtful care [Chorus of ''An earthly tree'']
'''for 5 voices:'''
* Weeping full sore
* Penelope that longed for the sight
* Compel the hawk
* See those sweet eyes
* When I was otherwise
* When first by force
* I thought that Love had been a boy
* O dear life
* Love would discharge
* From virgin's womb
* Of gold all burnished – Her breath is more sweet
'''for 6 voices:'''
* Behold how good a thing – And as the pleasant morning dew
* An earthly tree an heavenly fruit
* Who made thee, Hob, forsake the plough
* And think ye Nymphs to scorn at love – Love is a fit of pleasure
* If in thine heart
* Unto the hills mine eyes I lift
* Christ rising again – Christ is risen again
====''The first sett, of Italian madrigalls Englished'' (1590)====
'''for 6 voices:'''
* This sweet and merry month of May
====''Psalmes, songs, and sonnets'' (1611)====
'''for 3 voices:'''
* The eagle's force
* Of flatt'ring speech
* In winter cold – whereat an ant
* Who looks may leap
* Sing ye to our Lord
* I have been young
* In crystal towers
'''for 4 voices:'''
* This sweet and merry month of May
* Let not the sluggish sleep
* A feigned friend
* Awake mine eyes
* Come jolly swains
* What is life or worldly pleasure?
* [Instrumental] Fantazia
* Come let us rejoice unto our Lord
'''for 5 voices:'''
* Retire my soul
* Arise Lord into thy rest
* Come woeful Orpheus
* Sing we merrily unto God – Blow up the trumpet
* Crowned with flowers
* Wedded to will is witless
* Make ye joy to God
'''for 6 voices:'''
* Have mercy upon me
* [Instrumental] Fantazia
* This day Christ was born
* O God that guides the cheerful sun
* Praise our Lord, all ye Gentiles
* Turn our captivity
* Ah silly soul
* How vain the toils
====''Teares or Lamentacions of a Sorrowfull Soule'' (1614)====
'''for 4 voices:'''
*Look down, O Lord, on me a poor man
*Be unto me, O Lord, a tower of strength
'''for 5 voices:'''
*I laid down to rest and sleep
*Come help O God
====Unpublished English settings====
=====Services=====
Byrd wrote at least five services.<ref>The Treasury of English Church Music 1545-1650, ed. Peter Le Huray</ref><ref>William Byrd: A Research and Information Guide, Richard Turbet</ref>
* Short ('First') Service, for 6 voices
# Venite
# Te Deum
# Benedictus
# Kyrie
# Creed
# Magnificat
# Nunc Dimittis
* Second Service, for 5 voices
# Magnificat
# Nunc Dimittis
* Third Service, for 5 voices
# Magnificat
# Nunc Dimittis
* Great Service, for 10 voices
# Venite
# Te Deum
# Benedictus
# Kyrie
# Creed
# Magnificat
# Nunc Dimittis
* Short Morning Service (fragment)
=====Full anthems=====
*Arise O Lord (6vv)
*Exalt thyself O God (6vv)
*How long shall mine enemies triumph? (5vv)
*O God the proud are risen (6vv)
*O God whom our offences have displeased (5vv)
*O Lord make thy servant Elizabeth (6vv)
*O praise our Lord (5vv)
*Out of the deep (6vv)
*Prevent us O Lord (5vv)
*Save me O God (5vv) (authenticity uncertain)
*Sing joyfully (6vv)
=====Verse anthems=====
*Alack when I look back
*Behold O God the sad and heavy case
*Christ rising again/Christ is risen
*Hear my prayer O Lord
*O Lord rebuke me not
*Thou God that guid'st
=====Consort songs=====
*An aged dame
*Ah golden hairs
*As Cæsar wept
*Blame I confess
*Come pretty babe
*Content is rich
*Crowned with flowers and lilies
*Delight is dead
*E'en as the seas
*Fair Britain isle
*Have mercy on us Lord
*He that all earthly pleasure scorns
*In angel's weed
*I will not say
*The Lord is only my support
*Lord to thee I make my moan
*The man is blest
*Mount Hope
*My freedom
*My mistress had a little dog
*O God but God
*O Lord bow down
*O Lord how vain
*O Lord within thy tabernacle
*O that we woeful wretches
*Out of the orient crystal skies
*Rejoice unto the Lord
*Sith death at length
*Sith that the tree
*Though I be brown
*Thou poets' friend
*Triumph with pleasant melody
*Truce for a time
*Truth at the first
*What steps of strife
*Where the blind
*While Phœbus used to dwell
*With lilies white
*Wretched Albinus
*Ye sacred muses
==Keyboard works==
BK numbers refer to Musica Britannica: William Byrd Keyboard Music, ed. Alan Brown (London: Stainer & Bell, 2 vols, 1969/71)
*[[My Ladye Nevells Booke]] (1591)
#My Ladye Nevells Grownde, BK57
#Qui Passe; for my Ladye Nevell, BK19
#The Marche before the Battell, BK93
#The Battell, BK94: The souldiers sommons; The marche of footemen; The marche of horsmen; The trumpets; The Irishe marche; The bagpipe and the drone; The flute and the droome; The marche to the fighte; The retreat
#The Galliarde for the Victorie, BK95
#The Barleye Breake, BK92
#A Galliards Gygge, BK18
#[[The Huntes upp]], BK40
#Ut Re Mi Fa Sol La, BK64
#The Firste Pavian, BK29a
#The Galliarde to the Firste Pavian, BK29b
#The Seconde Pavian, BK71a
#The Galliarde to the Seconde Pavian, BK71b
#The Third Pavian, BK14a
#The Galliarde to the Third Pavian, BK14b
#The Fourth Pavian, BK30a
#The Galliarde to the Fourth Pavian, BK30b
#The Fifte Pavian, BK31a
#The Galliarde to the Fifte Pavian, BK31b
#Pavana the Sixte; Kinbrugh Goodd, BK32a
#The Galliarde to the Sixte Pavian, BK32b
#The Seventh Pavian, BK74
#The Eighte Pavian, BK17
#The Passinge Mesures; the Nynthe Pavian, BK2a
#The Galliarde to the Nynthe Pavian, BK2b
#A Voluntarie; for my Ladye Nevell, BK61
#[[Will Yow Walke the Woods soe Wylde]], BK85
#The Maidens Songe, BK82
#A Lesson of voluntarie, BK26
#The Second Grownde, BK42
#[[Have with Yow to Walsingame]], BK8
#All in a Garden Grine, BK56
#Lord Willobies Welcome Home, BK7
#[[The Carman's Whistle|The Carmans Whistle]], BK36
#[[Hugh Aston|Hughe Ashtons]] Grownde, BK20
#A Fancie, for my Ladye Nevell, BK25
#Sellingers Rownde, BK84
#Munsers Almaine (II), BK88
#The Tennthe Pavian; Mr. W. Peter, BK3a
#The Galliarde to the Tennthe Pavian, BK3b
#A Fancie, BK46
#A Voluntarie, BK27
*69 pieces in the ''[[Fitzwilliam Virginal Book#William Byrd|Fitzwilliam Virginal Book]]''
*8 pieces in ''[[Parthenia (music)#List of pieces|Parthenia]]''
*The French coranto, BK21a
*The second French coranto, BK21b
*The 3rd French coranto, BK21c
*A Horne Pipe, BK39
*Miserere I, BK66
*Miserere II, BK67
*Parludam, BK115
*A Pavin, BK33a
*Galliard, BK33b
*Eccho paven, BK114a
*The Galliard, BK114b
*A Preludium, BK116
*Christe qui lux, BK121
*Gloria tibi trinitas, BK50
*A Verse of Two Parts, BK28
*A Ground, BK43
*A Grounde, BK9
*Clarifica me pater a 2, BK47
*Salvator mundi I, BK68
*Salvator mundi II, BK69
*Ut, Re, Mee, Fa, Sol, La, The playnesong Breifs To Be played By a second person, BK58
*Go from my window, BK79
*A Ground, BK86
*O quam gloriosum est regnum
*If my complaints, or Pyper's Galliard, BK118
*A Pavion, BK23a
*The Galliard, BK23b
*Pavin, BK76
*A Galliard, BK77
*An Alman, BK117
*Paven, BK73a
*Galiard, BK73b
*A Pavyn, BK16a
*A Galliard, BK16b
*A Pavion, BK72a
*The Galliard to it, BK72b
==Consort works (unpublished)==
*3 fantasias, 3vv
*4 fantasias, 4vv
*Prelude and ground, 5vv
*Fantasia, 5vv ('2 parts in 1')
*Browning, 5vv
*Pavan, 5vv
*2 fantasias, 6vv
*Pavan and galliard, 6vv
==Others==
===Lost or fragmentary works===
*Ad punctum in modico á 2 (BB) – Fragmentary
*Ah, youthful years – Fragmentary
*Behold, how good – Fragmentary
*Cease Cares – Fragmentary
*Depart ye furies – Fragmentary
*Litany á 4 (SATB) – Fragmentary, and a doubtful work
*If trickling tears – Fragmentary
*In tower most high – Fragmentary
*I will give laud – Fragmentary
*Jubilate Deo, omnis terra – Fragmentary, and a doubtful work
*Look and bow down – Fragmentary
*Oh happy thrice – Fragmentary
*O trifling days – Fragmentary
*Preces Deo fundamus – Fragmentary
*Service in F – Fragmentary, and a doubtful work
*Sponsus amat sponsam á 2 (ST) – Fragmentary, and a doubtful work
*What wights are these? – Fragmentary
*While that a cruel fire – Fragmentary
*With sighs and teares – Fragmentary
===Works believed to be by Byrd===
*Ave regina caelorum á 5 (ATTBarB) – Claimed to be by "Mr Byrde" in the ''Paston Lute Book'', however the editors of the ''Tudor Church Music Book'' attributed the work to [[John Taverner]].
===Joint commissions===
*In exitu Israel á 4 (TTTB) – A joint work with [[John Sheppard (composer)|John Sheppard]] and [[William Mundy (composer)|William Mundy]].
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last1=Byrd |first1=William |last2=H. Fellowes |first2=Edmund |author1-link=William Byrd |author2-link=Edmund Fellowes |title=The Byrd Edition |date=1976 |publisher=[[Stainer & Bell]] |location=London |isbn=978-08524-9-363-2 |ref=none}} (17 volumes)
* {{cite book |last1=Byrd |first1=William |last2=Brown |first2=Alan |author1-link=William Byrd |title=William Byrd: Keyboard music |date=1971 |publisher=[[Stainer & Bell]] for the Royal Musical Association |location=London |isbn=|oclc=972085688 |ref=none}} (2 volumes)
==External links==
*{{IMSLP|id=Byrd, William|cname=William Byrd}}
*{{ChoralWiki|William Byrd|William Byrd}}
* [http://www.stainer.co.uk/images/pdf/ask032.pdf A complete list of works by William Byrd] from [[Stainer & Bell]]
[[Category:Lists of compositions by composer|Byrd, William]]
[[Category:Compositions by William Byrd| ]]
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# Mohammad Taqi Beyg
Mohammad Taqi Beyg (Persian: محمدتقي بيگ) is a village in Dorungar Rural District of Now Khandan District, Dargaz County, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran.
## Demographics
### Population
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 608 in 172 households. The following census in 2011 counted 556 people in 183 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 435 people in 161 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.
|
enwiki/36222589
|
enwiki
| 36,222,589
|
Mohammad Taqi Beyg
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Taqi_Beyg
|
2024-11-04T21:14:45Z
|
en
|
Q5802026
| 103,187
|
{{Short description|Village in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Mohammad Taqi Beyg
|native_name = {{langx|fa|محمدتقي بيگ}}
|native_name_lang = fa
|settlement_type = Village
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|coordinates = {{Coord|37|37|08|N|58|38|20|E|dim:1km|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=37.618889&mlon=58.638889&zoom=15#map=15/37.61889/58.63889|website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Mohammad Taqi Beyg, Dargaz County|date=30 October 2024|access-date=30 October 2024|lang=fa}}</ref>
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[Iran]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Razavi Khorasan province|Razavi Khorasan]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Iran|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Dargaz County|Dargaz]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Bakhsh|District]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Now Khandan District|Now Khandan]]
|subdivision_type4 = [[Rural Districts of Iran|Rural District]]
|subdivision_name4 = [[Dorungar Rural District|Dorungar]]
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|elevation_m =
|population_footnotes = <ref name="2016 Razavi Khorasan Province"/>
|population_as_of = 2016
|population_total = 435
|population_density_km2 = auto
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|timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
|utc_offset = +3:30
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}}
'''Mohammad Taqi Beyg''' ({{langx|fa|محمدتقي بيگ}}){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Moḩammad Taqī Beyg'''; also known as '''Dorūngar''', '''Duringār''', and '''Moḩammad Taqī Bag'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3075556|Mohammad Taqi Beyg}}</ref>}} is a village in [[Dorungar Rural District]] of [[Now Khandan District]], [[Dargaz County]], [[Razavi Khorasan province|Razavi Khorasan]] province, [[Iran]].
==Demographics==
===Population===
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the village's population was 608 in 172 households.<ref name="2006 Razavi Khorasan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Razavi Khorasan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/09.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920095433/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/09.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 556 people in 183 households.<ref name="2011 Razavi Khorasan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Razavi Khorasan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Razavi-Khorasan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120012029/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Razavi-Khorasan.xls|archive-date=20 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the village as 435 people in 161 households. It was the most populous village in its rural district.<ref name="2016 Razavi Khorasan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Razavi Khorasan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_09.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402213121/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_09.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=2 April 2022}}</ref>
==See also==
{{Portal-inline|Iran}}
{{clear}}
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Razavi Khorasan Province|state=collapsed}}
{{Dargaz County|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Populated places in Dargaz County]]
{{Dargaz-geo-stub}}
| 1,255,416,546
|
[{"title": "Mohammad Taqi Beyg Persian: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u064a\u06af", "data": {"Country": "Iran", "Province": "Razavi Khorasan", "County": "Dargaz", "District": "Now Khandan", "Rural District": "Dorungar"}}, {"title": "Population (2016)", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "435", "Time zone": "UTC+3:30 (IRST)"}}]
| false
|
# Luigi Chatrian
Luigi Chatrian (Aosta, 7 November 1891 – 22 September 1967), also referred to as Louis Chatrian, (French: [lwi
ʃatʁijɑ̃]) was an Italian general during World War II. After the war he became a member of the Italian Constituent Assembly and then of the Italian Chamber of Deputies for the Christian Democracy, serving as Undersecretary for Defense from December 1944 to May 1948.
## Biography
He was born in Aosta from a family hailing from Torgnon and graduated in law. He fought In World War I as a lieutenant in the 4th Alpini Regiment, being wounded in action and awarded a War Cross for Military Valor for courage displayed during the fighting in the Julian Alps in the summer of 1915. From 1928 to 1931 he served as instructor of organization and mobilization at the War School of the Royal Italian Army, then as chief instructor of organization and mobilization from 1931 to 1933 and finally as commandant of the Nunziatella Military School of Naples. From October 1935 to October 1937 he commanded the 9th Alpini Regiment.
During the early part of World War II Chatrian, as a French speaker, was attached to the Italian Armistice Commission with France. In February 1942 he assumed command of the LI Special Brigade "Lecce", stationed in Crete for garrison duty, being promoted to brigadier general in April 1942. He left command of the brigade in March 1943, and after spending three months at the Naples Territorial Defence Command and being promoted to major general, on 12 June 1943 he assumed command of the 227th Coastal Division, stationed in Calabria (with headquarters in Castrovillari).
On 5 September 1943, after the Allied landings in Calabria, nineteen soldiers of the 76th Coastal Battalion, stationed in Acquappesa and part of the 227th Division, deserted together to return to their homes (all hailed from Calabria); five were recaptured after a few hours, and Chatrian gave order to summarily execute them by firing squad. The military chaplain of the battalion intervened, persuading the battalion commander to suspend the execution and trying to convince Chatrian that the war was lost and the execution of the deserters, who had abandoned their post to protect their families from acts of violence by the retreating German troops, would be pointless; the general replied that they were to be executed anyway to "set an example". On 8 September the execution was postponed again due to the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile, which ended the hostilities between Italy and the Allies; after a few hours, however, Chatrian once again ordered to carry out the execution, which was done in the night between 8 and 9 September. In 1945 Chatrian was indicted for these killings but absolved, further investigation being prevented by his parliamentary immunity, although in 1968 – after his death – the Italian Court of Audit ruled that his order had been "a mistake" and "gravely illegal".
In December 1944 Chatrian was appointed State Undersecretary for War in the Bonomi III Cabinet, a post he retained under the next five governments: Parri, De Gasperi I, De Gasperi II, De Gasperi III and De Gasperi IV, until 1948 (in the latter two cabinets, his post was renamed to State Undersecretary for Defense). In the same year he was elected to the Italian Constituent Assembly with the Christian Democracy, and then again to the Italian Chamber of Deputies, where he chaired the Defense Commission. He was among the promoters of the autonomy of the Aosta Valley, alongside Federico Chabod.
After the end of the legislature, he retired to private life and died in 1967.
|
enwiki/69175550
|
enwiki
| 69,175,550
|
Luigi Chatrian
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Chatrian
|
2024-11-24T09:29:19Z
|
en
|
Q3839480
| 47,239
|
{{short description|Italian politician}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Luigi Chatrian
| image = Luigi Chatrian.jpg
| caption =
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1891|11|7|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1967|9|22|1891|11|7|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Aosta]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]
| death_place = [[Aosta]], [[Italy]]
| allegiance = {{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}
| serviceyears =
| branch = {{army|Kingdom of Italy}}
| rank = [[Major general]]
| unit =
| commands = [[Nunziatella Military School]]<br/>[[LI Special Brigade "Lecce"]]<br/>[[227th Coastal Division (Italy)|227th Coastal Division]]
| battles = * [[World War I]]
** [[Battles of the Isonzo]]
* [[World War II]]
** [[Allied invasion of Italy]]
| awards = * [[War Cross of Military Valor]]
| relations =
| laterwork =
}}
'''Luigi Chatrian''' ([[Aosta]], 7 November 1891 – 22 September 1967), also referred to as '''Louis Chatrian''',<ref>Due to the bilingual status of [[Aosta Valley]]: cf. Le Nouvelliste, 10 August 1966, page 6.</ref> ({{IPA|fr|lwi
ʃatʁijɑ̃|lang}}) was an Italian general during [[World War II]]. After the war he became a member of the [[Italian Constituent Assembly]] and then of the [[Italian Chamber of Deputies]] for the [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]], serving as Undersecretary for Defense from December 1944 to May 1948.
==Biography==
He was born in [[Aosta]] from a family hailing from [[Torgnon]] and graduated in [[law]]. He fought In [[World War I]] as a [[lieutenant]] in the [[4th Alpini Regiment]], being wounded in action and awarded a [[War Cross for Military Valor]] for courage displayed during the fighting in the [[Julian Alps]] in the summer of 1915. From 1928 to 1931 he served as instructor of organization and mobilization at the War School of the [[Royal Italian Army]], then as chief instructor of organization and mobilization from 1931 to 1933 and finally as commandant of the [[Nunziatella Military School]] of [[Naples]]. From October 1935 to October 1937 he commanded the [[9th Alpini Regiment]].<ref name="generals1">{{cite web|url=https://generals.dk/general/Chatrian/Luigi/Italy.html |title=Biography of Lieutenant-General Luigi Chatrian (1891 – 1967), Italy |publisher=Generals.dk |date=1942-04-15 |accessdate=2021-11-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://decoratialvalormilitare.istitutonastroazzurro.org/view_doc.php?img=e-1925%20vol_1/e-1925%20vol_1_00000220.JPG |title=Immagine |publisher=Decoratialvalormilitare.istitutonastroazzurro.org |date= |accessdate=2021-11-02}}</ref><ref name="repubblicail">{{Cite web|url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2016/02/07/il-severo-generale-e-i-disertori-fucilati-fuori-tempo42.html|title=Il severo generale e i disertori fucilati fuori tempo – la Repubblica.it}}</ref><ref name="patriaindipendente1">{{cite web|url=https://www.patriaindipendente.it/ultime-news/lottusa-e-illegale-fucilazione/ |title=L'ottusa e illegale fucilazione – Patria Indipendente |publisher=Patriaindipendente.it |date= 22 March 2018|accessdate=2021-11-02}}</ref><ref name="eleaml1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.eleaml.org/ne/storia/ao_acquappesa_dopoguerra_calabrese_2013.html|title = L'Eccidio di Acquappesa dell'8 settembre 1943 di Antonio Orlando – Eleaml}}</ref><ref>[http://www.nunziatella.it/pdf/storia_nunziatella.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0HzWLwDAdqpk31unRwN2Hm ]{{dead link|date=November 2021}}</ref>
During the early part of [[World War II]] Chatrian, as a [[French language|French]] speaker, was attached to the [[Commissione Italiana d'Armistizio con la Francia|Italian Armistice Commission with France]]. In February 1942 he assumed command of the [[LI Special Brigade "Lecce"]], stationed in [[Crete]] for garrison duty, being promoted to [[brigadier general]] in April 1942. He left command of the brigade in March 1943, and after spending three months at the Naples Territorial Defence Command and being promoted to [[major general]], on 12 June 1943 he assumed command of the [[227th Coastal Division (Italy)|227th Coastal Division]], stationed in [[Calabria]] (with headquarters in [[Castrovillari]]).<ref name="generals1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.regioesercito.it/reparti/fanteria/costieri/redivcost227.htm |title=Regio Esercito – 227a Divisione Costiera |publisher=Regioesercito.it |date= |accessdate=2021-11-02}}</ref>
On 5 September 1943, after the [[Operation Baytown|Allied landings in Calabria]], nineteen soldiers of the 76th Coastal Battalion, stationed in [[Acquappesa]] and part of the 227th Division, deserted together to return to their homes (all hailed from Calabria); five were recaptured after a few hours, and Chatrian gave order to summarily execute them by [[firing squad]]. The [[military chaplain]] of the battalion intervened, persuading the battalion commander to suspend the execution and trying to convince Chatrian that the war was lost and the execution of the deserters, who had abandoned their post to protect their families from acts of violence by the retreating German troops, would be pointless; the general replied that they were to be executed anyway to "set an example". On 8 September the execution was postponed again due to the announcement of the [[Armistice of Cassibile]], which ended the hostilities between Italy and the Allies; after a few hours, however, Chatrian once again ordered to carry out the execution, which was done in the night between 8 and 9 September. In 1945 Chatrian was indicted for these killings but absolved, further investigation being prevented by his [[parliamentary immunity]], although in 1968 – after his death – the [[Italian Court of Audit]] ruled that his order had been "a mistake" and "gravely illegal".<ref name="repubblicail"/><ref name="patriaindipendente1"/><ref name="eleaml1"/><ref>Mimmo Franzinelli, Disertori: una storia mai raccontata della seconda guerra mondiale, p- 151</ref>
In December 1944 Chatrian was appointed State Undersecretary for War in the [[Bonomi III Cabinet]], a post he retained under the next five governments: [[Parri Cabinet|Parri]], [[De Gasperi I Cabinet|De Gasperi I]], [[De Gasperi II Cabinet|De Gasperi II]], [[De Gasperi III Cabinet|De Gasperi III]] and [[De Gasperi IV Cabinet|De Gasperi IV]], until 1948 (in the latter two cabinets, his post was renamed to State Undersecretary for Defense). In the same year he was elected to the [[Italian Constituent Assembly]] with the [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]], and then again to the [[Italian Chamber of Deputies]], where he chaired the Defense Commission. He was among the promoters of the autonomy of the [[Aosta Valley]], alongside [[Federico Chabod]].<ref name="patriaindipendente1"/><ref name="eleaml1"/><ref name="camera1">{{cite web|author=Camera dei deputati |url=https://storia.camera.it/deputato/luigi-chatrian-18911107 |title=Luigi Chatrian / Deputati / Camera dei deputati – Portale storico |language=it |publisher=Storia.camera.it |date= |accessdate=2021-11-02}}</ref>
After the end of the legislature, he retired to private life and died in 1967.<ref name="generals1"/><ref name="camera1"/>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chatrian, Luigi}}
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1967 deaths]]
[[Category:Italian military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Italian military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Italian Army generals]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Italy]]
[[Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)]]
[[Category:Christian Democracy (Italy) politicians]]
[[Category:People from Aosta]]
| 1,259,283,551
|
[{"title": "Luigi Chatrian", "data": {"Born": "7 November 1891 \u00b7 Aosta, Kingdom of Italy", "Died": "22 September 1967 (aged 75) \u00b7 Aosta, Italy", "Allegiance": "Kingdom of Italy", "Service / branch": "Royal Italian Army", "Rank": "Major general", "Commands": "Nunziatella Military School \u00b7 LI Special Brigade \"Lecce\" \u00b7 227th Coastal Division", "Battles / wars": "- World War I - Battles of the Isonzo - World War II - Allied invasion of Italy", "Awards": "- War Cross of Military Valor"}}]
| false
|
# NGC 904
NGC 904 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Aries. It is estimated to be 244 million light years from the Milky Way and has a diameter of approximately 85,000 ly. NGC 904 was discovered on 13 December 1884 by the astronomer Edouard Stephan.
|
enwiki/63450596
|
enwiki
| 63,450,596
|
NGC 904
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_904
|
2024-08-27T01:43:10Z
|
en
|
Q1040113
| 123,604
|
{{short description|Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Aries}}
{{Infobox galaxy
| name = NGC 904
| image = File:NGC 903 NGC 904 legacy dr9.jpg
| caption = [[Dark_Energy_Spectroscopic_Instrument#DESI_Legacy_Imaging_Surveys|legacy surveys]] image of [[NGC 903]] and NGC 904 (left)
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| constellation name = [[Aries (constellation)|Aries]]
| ra = {{RA|02|24|05.546}}<ref name=2MASS>{{cite journal |doi=10.1086/498708 |last1=Skrutskie |first1=Michael F. |last2=Cutri |first2=Roc M. |last3=Stiening |first3=Rae |last4=Weinberg |first4=Martin D. |last5=Schneider |first5=Stephen E. |last6=Carpenter |first6=John M. |last7=Beichman |first7=Charles A. |last8=Capps |first8=Richard W. |last9=Chester |first9=Thomas |last10=Elias |first10=Jonathan H. |last11=Huchra |first11=John P. |last12=Liebert |first12=James W. |last13=Lonsdale |first13=Carol J. |last14=Monet |first14=David G. |last15=Price |first15=Stephan |last16=Seitzer |first16=Patrick |last17=Jarrett |first17=Thomas H. |last18=Kirkpatrick |first18=J. Davy |last19=Gizis |first19=John E. |last20=Howard |first20=Elizabeth V. |last21=Evans |first21=Tracey E. |last22=Fowler |first22=John W. |last23=Fullmer |first23=Linda |last24=Hurt |first24=Robert L. |last25=Light |first25=Robert M. |last26=Kopan |first26=Eugene L. |last27=Marsh |first27=Kenneth A. |last28=McCallon |first28=Howard L. |last29=Tam |first29=Robert |last30=Van Dyk |first30=Schuyler D. |last31=Wheelock |first31=Sherry L. |title=The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) |journal=The Astronomical Journal |date=1 February 2006 |volume=131 |issue=2 |pages=1163–1183 |bibcode=2006AJ....131.1163S |s2cid=18913331 |issn=0004-6256 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
| dec = {{DEC|+27|20|32.97}}<ref name=2MASS/>
| z = 0.017956<ref name=SIMBAD/>
| h_radial_v = 5335 km/s<ref name=SIMBAD/>
| dist_ly = {{cvt|72.02|Mpc|Mly|lk=on|order=flip}}<ref name=Crook>{{cite journal|title=Groups of Galaxies in the Two Micron All Sky Redshift Survey|author1=Crook, Aidan C.|author2=Huchra, John P.|author3=Martimbeau, Nathalie|author4=Masters, Karen L.|author5=Jarrett, Tom|author6=Macri, Lucas M.|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=655|issue=2|pages=790–813|date=2007|bibcode=2007ApJ...655..790C|doi=10.1086/510201|arxiv=astro-ph/0610732|s2cid=11672751 }}</ref>
| group_cluster =
| type = cE<ref name=LEDA>{{cite web|url=http://leda.univ-lyon1.fr/ledacat.cgi?o=NGC%20904|title=Search specification: NGC 904|work=HyperLeda|publisher=Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref>
| size =
| appmag_v =
| appmag_b = 14.98<ref name=LEDA/>
| absmag_v =
| size_v =
| notes =
| names = {{odlist|UGC=1852|MCG=+04-06-024|PGC=9112}}<ref name=SIMBAD>{{cite simbad|title=NGC 904|access-date=2020-05-25}}</ref>
}}
'''NGC 904''' is an [[elliptical galaxy]] in the [[Aries (constellation)|constellation Aries]]. It is estimated to be 244 million [[Light-year|light years]] from the [[Milky Way]] and has a [[diameter]] of approximately 85,000 ly. NGC 904 was discovered on 13 December 1884 by the [[astronomer]] [[Édouard Stephan|Edouard Stephan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in-the-sky.org/data/object.php?id=NGC904|title=The galaxy NGC 904 - In-The-Sky.org|last=Ford|first=Dominic|website=in-the-sky.org|language=en|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/nph-objsearch?objname=NGC+904&extend=no|title=Your NED Search Results|website=ned.ipac.caltech.edu|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spider.seds.org/ngc/revngcic.cgi?NGC%20904|title=Revised NGC Data for NGC 904|website=spider.seds.org|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[List of NGC objects (1–1000)]]
== References ==
<references />
== External links ==
* {{commons category-inline}}
{{Ngc10}}
{{Aries (constellation)}}
[[Category:Elliptical galaxies]]
[[Category:Aries (constellation)]]
[[Category:NGC objects|0904]]
[[Category:Principal Galaxies Catalogue objects|009112]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1884]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Édouard Stephan]]
{{Elliptical-galaxy-stub}}
| 1,242,485,965
|
[{"title": "Observation data (J2000 epoch)", "data": {"Constellation": "Aries", "Right ascension": "02h 24m 05.546s", "Declination": "+27\u00b0 20\u2032 32.97\u2033", "Redshift": "0.017956", "Heliocentric radial velocity": "5335 km/s", "Distance": "234.9 Mly (72.02 Mpc)", "Apparent magnitude (B)": "14.98"}}, {"title": "Characteristics", "data": {"Type": "cE"}}, {"title": "Other designations", "data": {"Other designations": "UGC 1852, MCG +04-06-024, PGC 9112"}}]
| false
|
# Love's Masquerade (1922 film)
Love's Masquerade is a 1922 American silent drama film directed by William P.S. Earle and starring Conway Tearle, Winifred Westover and Florence Billings.
## Cast
- Conway Tearle as Russell Carrington
- Winifred Westover as Dorothy Wheeler
- Florence Billings as Rita Norwood
- Robert Ellis as Herbert Norwooood
- Danny Hayes as 'Sly Sam'
- Arthur Housman as Newspaper Reporter
- Robert Schable as Ross Gunther
## Bibliography
- Munden, Kenneth White. The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1. University of California Press, 1997.
|
enwiki/66357567
|
enwiki
| 66,357,567
|
Love's Masquerade (1922 film)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love%27s_Masquerade_(1922_film)
|
2025-03-21T03:12:38Z
|
en
|
Q50280767
| 22,944
|
{{short description|1922 silent film}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name =Love's Masquerade
| image =File:Conway Tearle in Love's Masquerade by William Earle Film Daily 1922.png
| caption =
| director = [[William P.S. Earle]]
| producer =[[Lewis J. Selznick]]
| based_on =
| writer = [[Edward J. Montagne]]
| narrator =
| starring =[[Conway Tearle]] <br> [[Winifred Westover]] <br> [[Florence Billings]]
| music =
| cinematography =[[Jacob A. Badaracco]]
| editing =
| studio =[[Selznick Pictures]]
| distributor = [[Select Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|1922|03|20}}
| runtime = 50 minutes
| country = United States
| language = Silent <br> English intertitles
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Love's Masquerade''''' is a 1922 American [[silent film|silent]] [[drama film]] directed by [[William P.S. Earle]] and starring [[Conway Tearle]], [[Winifred Westover]] and [[Florence Billings]].<ref>Munden p.463</ref>
==Cast==
* [[Conway Tearle]] as Russell Carrington
* [[Winifred Westover]] as Dorothy Wheeler
* [[Florence Billings]] as Rita Norwood
* [[Robert Ellis (actor, born 1892)|Robert Ellis]] as Herbert Norwooood
* [[Danny Hayes]] as 'Sly Sam'
* [[Arthur Housman]] as Newspaper Reporter
* [[Robert Schable]] as Ross Gunther
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* Munden, Kenneth White. ''The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1''. University of California Press, 1997.
==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0013338}}
[[Category:1922 films]]
[[Category:1922 drama films]]
[[Category:1920s English-language films]]
[[Category:American silent feature films]]
[[Category:Silent American drama films]]
[[Category:American black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films directed by William P. S. Earle]]
[[Category:Selznick Pictures films]]
[[Category:1920s American films]]
[[Category:English-language drama films]]
{{1920s-US-film-stub}}
| 1,281,563,562
|
[{"title": "Love's Masquerade", "data": {"Directed by": "William P.S. Earle", "Written by": "Edward J. Montagne", "Produced by": "Lewis J. Selznick", "Starring": "Conway Tearle \u00b7 Winifred Westover \u00b7 Florence Billings", "Cinematography": "Jacob A. Badaracco", "Production \u00b7 company": "Selznick Pictures", "Distributed by": "Select Pictures", "Release date": "- March 20, 1922", "Running time": "50 minutes", "Country": "United States", "Languages": "Silent \u00b7 English intertitles"}}]
| false
|
# Lolá
Lolá is a corregimiento in Las Palmas District, Veraguas Province, Panama with a population of 946 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 960; its population as of 2000 was 1,022.
|
enwiki/47037107
|
enwiki
| 47,037,107
|
Lolá
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lol%C3%A1
|
2020-11-08T14:49:37Z
|
en
|
Q21042334
| 52,167
|
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Lolá
|native_name =
|settlement_type = [[Corregimientos of Panama|Corregimiento]]
|image_skyline =
|image_caption =
|image_alt =
|pushpin_map = Panama
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Panama}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Panama|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Veraguas Province|Veraguas]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Panama|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Las Palmas District|Las Palmas]]
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_title = Established
|established_date =
|area_land_km2 = 41.1
|area_footnotes = <ref name=inec>[http://www.contraloria.gob.pa/inec/archivos/P3601Cuadro11.xls "Cuadro 11 (Superficie, población y densidad de población en la República...)" [Table 11 (Area, population, and population density in the Republic...)<nowiki>]</nowiki>] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030354/http://www.contraloria.gob.pa/inec/archivos/P3601Cuadro11.xls |date=2016-03-04 }} (.xls). In {{cite web|title=Resultados Finales Básicos |trans-title=Basic Final Results |url=https://www.contraloria.gob.pa/inec/publicaciones/Publicaciones.aspx?ID_SUBCATEGORIA=59&ID_PUBLICACION=360&ID_IDIOMA=1&ID_CATEGORIA=13 |publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics and Census of Panama]] |access-date=May 26, 2015 |language=Spanish |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710070123/http://www.contraloria.gob.pa/inec/Publicaciones/Publicaciones.aspx?ID_SUBCATEGORIA=59&ID_PUBLICACION=360&ID_IDIOMA=1&ID_CATEGORIA=13 |archivedate=July 10, 2015 }}</ref>
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_total = 946
|population_footnotes = <ref name=inec/>
|population_density_km2 = 23
|population_note = Population density calculated based on land area.
|timezone1 = [[Eastern Time|EST]]
|utc_offset1 = −5
|coordinates =
}}
'''Lolá''' is a [[Corregimientos of Panama|corregimiento]] in [[Las Palmas District]], [[Veraguas Province]], [[Panama]] with a population of 946 as of 2010.<ref name=inec/> Its population as of 1990 was 960; its population as of 2000 was 1,022.<ref name=inec/>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Veraguas Province}}
{{coord|8.1000|N|81.4667|W|source:wikidata|display=title}}
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[[Category:Corregimientos of Veraguas Province]]
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[{"title": "Lol\u00e1", "data": {"Country": "Panama", "Province": "Veraguas", "District": "Las Palmas"}}, {"title": "Area", "data": {"\u2022 Land": "41.1 km2 (15.9 sq mi)"}}, {"title": "Population (2010)", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "946", "\u2022 Density": "23/km2 (60/sq mi)", "Time zone": "UTC\u22125 (EST)"}}]
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# Leo Piek
Leo Piek (7 September 1927 – 1 June 2013) was a Dutch wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman lightweight at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
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enwiki/60257087
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Leo Piek
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Piek
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2025-01-23T00:43:16Z
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{{short description|Dutch wrestler}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Leo Piek
| full_name =
| image =
| caption =
| nationality = Dutch
| sport = [[Wrestling]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1927|9|7|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Utrecht]], Netherlands
| death_date = {{death date and age|2013|6|1|1927|9|7|df=yes}}
| death_place =
}}
'''Leo Piek''' (7 September 1927 – 1 June 2013) was a Dutch [[amateur wrestling|wrestler]]. He competed in the [[Wrestling at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman lightweight|men's Greco-Roman lightweight]] at the [[1960 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="SportsRef">{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/pi/leo-piek-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418090434/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/pi/leo-piek-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=Leo Piek Olympic Results |access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{sports links}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Piek, Leo}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:Dutch male sport wrestlers]]
[[Category:Olympic wrestlers for the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Wrestlers at the 1960 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Martial artists from Utrecht (city)]]
[[Category:20th-century Dutch sportsmen]]
{{Netherlands-wrestling-bio-stub}}
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[{"title": "Leo Piek", "data": {"Nationality": "Dutch", "Born": "7 September 1927 \u00b7 Utrecht, Netherlands", "Died": "1 June 2013 (aged 85)"}}, {"title": "Sport", "data": {"Sport": "Wrestling"}}]
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# Integrational theory of language
The Integrational theory of language is the general theory of language that has been developed within the general linguistic approach of integrational linguistics.
Differently from most other approaches in linguistics, integrational linguistics emphasizes a distinction between theories of language and theories of language descriptions. Integrational linguistics has therefore developed both a general theory of language and a theory of linguistic descriptions, the integrational theory of grammars.
The integrational theory of language contains two major subtheories: (i) the integrational theory of linguistic variability, which is 'conflated' with (ii) the integrational theory of language systems.
One of the most distinctive features of the integrational theory of language is its adherence to ontological explicitness and constructiveness: the ontological status of every linguistic entity postulated by the theory is clearly determined (explicitness), and every entity is a logical or set-theoretical construct ultimately related to a small number of sets of basic entities that include, in particular, objects and events in space-time (constructiveness).
## The integrational theory of linguistic variability
### Linguistic variability
From its inception, IL has regarded linguistic variability, i.e. the changeability of languages along dimensions such as time, geographical space, social stratification etc., as an essential property of natural languages that has to be treated in any realistic theory of language; certain idealizations, such as Chomsky's 'completely homogeneous speech-community,' are rejected.
The Integrational Theory of Linguistic Variability thus aims at providing a theoretical framework for variation research (including studies in sociolinguistics, dialectology, and historical linguistics) and a basis for a realistic theory of language systems. The theory centers around the notion of 'idiolect,' in a specific sense of the term that avoids traditional problems: an idiolect is a homogeneous part of an individual speaker's share of a language (a speaker's total share of a language, called a 'personal variety,' is not an idiolect in this sense but is a set of idiolects). Such an idiolect, understood as an individual (linguistic) means of communication of a person during a certain period of time, simultaneously belongs to a certain period of the language, to a certain dialect, sociolect, register, medial variety, etc. A natural language (understood as a historical language during the entire span of its existence, or a period – a major temporal part – of a historical language) is construed as a set of idiolects, and each variety of the language is a subset of the language. Sets of idiolects (such as languages and their varieties) are called 'communication complexes.' The varieties of a language are given through its 'variety structure': a classification system whose source is the language itself.
### Idiolects and idiolect systems
Ontologically, an idiolect is construed as a (possibly infinite) set of abstract sentences: form-meaning pairs consisting, in the case of a spoken rather than a written or signed idiolect, of a structured phonetic sound sequence and a meaning of this sequence. For each idiolect in a language, there is a system (idiolect system) that specifies which form-meaning pairs are elements of the idiolect. Every idiolect system consists of (technically: is an n-tuple whose components are) a phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexico-semantic, and sentence-semantic part; and each part determines a different type of properties that the form-meaning pairs must have in order to belong to the idiolect. In written idiolect systems, the phonetic and phonological parts are replaced by a graphetic and a graphematic part, in signed idiolect systems by a cheremic and a cherematic part. (There may be other components in addition to the ones listed above; the precise structure of idiolect systems is a matter of ongoing research.) The parts of an idiolect system are grouped into the sound system (script system, chereme system), the morpho-syntactic (or grammatical) subsystem, and the semantic subsystem of the idiolect system. (There is no pragmatic part or subsystem – 'pragmatic' properties of form-meaning pairs, as far as they are determined by the idiolect system itself, are covered by the semantic subsystem, or else indirectly by the idiolect's place in the variety structure.) Finally, a system for a language (or language variety) is a construct of properties shared by every system of every idiolect in the language (or language variety). Idiolects, varieties, languages, and their systems are all construed as extramental and abstract.
Systems of idiolects (idiolect systems) and systems for languages differ from each other both ontologically and in their relation to speakers' minds. Idiolect systems are n-tuples (as specified above) whereas language systems are sets of properties of such n-tuples. Moreover, for every idiolect that is a means of communication for a given speaker, there must be a (psychological and physiological) internal basis in the speaker that corresponds to a system of this idiolect, but there is no such internal basis for entire language systems. From an IL point of view, distinguishing between language systems, idiolect systems, idiolects (themselves no systems), and speaker-internal bases for idiolects is a cornerstone for a realistic theory of natural languages and language use.
A full representation of the Integrational Theory of Linguistic Variability and discussion of rival theories can be found in Lieb (1993); for the conceptions of languages and idiolects, see also Lieb (1983), Part A.
## The integrational theory of language systems
### General features
The Integrational Theory of Linguistic Variability is conflated with the Integrational Theory of Language Systems. The latter is concerned mainly with (i) making general assumptions on the properties of idiolect systems in arbitrary languages and (ii) developing a conceptual framework, and corresponding terminology, for their description.
The well-known problems in defining a truly universal terminology (applicable in the description of arbitrary languages) in the face of linguistic diversity are tackled in Integrational Linguistics by making a number of essential meta-theoretic distinctions, implicit in linguistic tradition but typically blurred in modern approaches.
Most importantly, a distinction is made between the definition of a term and the identification of corresponding linguistic entities in given idiolect systems. For example, terms such as 'phoneme,' 'suffix,' 'verb,' 'singular,' 'accusative,' etc. are construed not as categorial terms (denoting sets of linguistic entities) but as names of two-place relations ('is-a-phoneme-of,' 'is-a-suffix-of,' etc.) between linguistic entities and idiolect systems S (e.g., SLEEP is-a-verb-of SE, SCHLAFEN is-a-verb-of SG, where SE and SG are, respectively, an English and a German idiolect system: one and the same relation [is-a-]verb[-of] holds between SLEEP and SE, SCHLAFEN and SG, etc.). Names for categories of a given idiolect system are then derived from such relational terms: the expression 'verb of SE' denotes the set of all verbs of SE (a category), i.e., denotes the set of all linguistic entities that are related to idiolect system SE by the relation [is a ]verb[ of]. While the relational term 'verb' is defined in the Integrational Theory of Language Systems so as to allow for arbitrary idiolect systems, the corresponding categories (verb in SE, verb in SG, etc.) must be identified in a grammar for individual idiolect systems, and the identifying properties may vary greatly among the systems of idiolects in different languages or even within a single language. It is a task not of a general theory of language but of theories of individual languages or language varieties – e.g., of individual grammars – to formulate identifying properties for the entities (categories, etc.) postulated for the idiolect systems of a given language (or variety). (Consider, for instance, a language in whose idiolect systems S all infinitive forms of verbs – and only such forms – have a certain prefix, giving rise to an identifying property for the category infinitive-in-S in the idiolect systems of this language. Clearly, this criterion should not be used to define the term 'infinitive' in a general theory of language.) Given this distinction, a term like 'verb' may be defined by means of word- or sentence-semantic criteria; the syntactic nature of the corresponding categories in individual idiolect systems is still guaranteed by the fact that the categories can be identified by resort to the syntactic means of the idiolect systems (morphological marking, word order, intonation) and, possibly, properties of lexical meanings. Defining a term in a general theory of language does not, however, imply that there are corresponding entities in all idiolect systems (for instance, we can formulate a general definition of 'adjective' although there may be languages without adjectives).
The elements of a category in a given idiolect system may, and usually will, have additional relevant properties not needed for identifying the category. (In the above example, the infinitive forms may show certain tense distinctions.) Such properties must still be included in a complete characterization of the category. Finally, each entity proposed by a general theory of language or by a theory of an individual language, variety, or idiolect should also be justified by metatheoretic considerations. Consider, for example, the set of all adjective forms of a given English idiolect system whose sound sequences start with /bl/. Such a set should hardly be postulated as a syntactic category of this idiolect system, even though the set would easily be identified, and a corresponding term would easily be defined.
From an IL point of view, distinguishing between the definition of a term, the identification and characterization of a corresponding entity in an individual idiolect system, and the justification for postulating such an entity in a theory of a specific language, is a prerequisite both for formulating a general theory of language (one of the main goals of linguistics) and for successfully integrating theories of individual languages or language varieties with such a theory. Integrational Linguistics appears to be the only modern approach to explicitly adopt the fourfold distinction between definition, identification, characterization and justification, implicit in Western linguistic tradition with its insistence on the semantic definition of many general terms used in identifying syntactic entities as described in individual grammars. — For a detailed discussion of the underlying metatheoretic principles, see, in particular, Budde (2000): chapter 1; for an application in a general theory of parts of speech, using German for orientation, see Budde (2000): chapters 2–10.
Reflecting the basic structure of spoken idiolect systems (see above), the Integrational Theory of Language Systems comprises Integrational Phonology, Integrational Morpho-Syntax (with Integrational Morphology and Integrational Syntax), and Integrational Semantics (Integrational Lexical Semantics, including morpho-semantics and word semantics, and Integrational Sentence Semantics). For medial types of idiolect systems other than the spoken one, suitable subtheories – corresponding to Integrational Phonology – are provided for but have not yet been worked out in detail (Integrational Graphematics for written, Integrational Cherematics for signed idiolect systems).
The most detailed representation to date of the Integrational Theory of Language Systems as a whole (excluding Integrational Phonology) is found in Lieb (1983): parts B to F); for Integrational Syntax see also Lieb (1993), for Integrational Semantics Lieb (1979, 1980, 1992). Integrational Phonology (the last component of the theory to be developed) is presented in Lieb (1998, 2008). For major applications of IL in linguistic description, see, for example, Richter (1988), Moltmann (1992), and Eisenberg (1998/1999), concentrating on German; Sackmann (2004) for Mandarin Chinese; see also the contributions in Sackmann (ed.) (2008). The conception of (morphological and syntactic) paradigms, fundamental in IL, has recently been further elaborated in Lieb (2005).
### Integrational phonology
Integrational Phonology is a 'declarative' two-level phonology that postulates two distinct levels (or 'parts') in the sound system of any idiolect system, a less abstract phonetic and a more abstract phonological one. Phonetic and phonological sounds are both conceived as sets of auditory properties of speech-sound events, hence, as abstract real-world entities. (Speech-sound events are concrete entities, located in space-time.) Phonological sounds differ from phonetic ones by a higher degree of abstraction: While sounds on the phonetic level (i.e., part) of an idiolect system contain all properties that characterize normal utterances of entities of the idiolect system, phonological sounds contain only those properties that are functional in the idiolect system, i.e., are relevant with respect to distinctions in the morphological, syntactic, or semantic parts of the system.
Phonological words and morphs (on the phonological level) as well as phonetic words (on the phonetic level) are construed as 'structured sound sequences,' that is, ordered pairs consisting of (1) a phonetic or phonological sound sequence (called the 'basis' of the morph or word) and (2) a phonetic or phonological structure of the sound sequence – itself a pair of (2a) a constituent structure and (2b) an intonation structure of the sound sequence. ('Sequence' is understood in the Integrational Theory of Language in a specific, set-theoretical sense that allows for the limiting cases of empty and one-member or 'unit sequences.') The constituent structure relates parts of the sound sequence to one of the sound categories Vocalic-in-S, Consonantal-in-S, and VocalicGroup-in-S, thereby determining a syllable sequence (possibly empty) for the sound sequence. The sound categories (simultaneously belonging to the phonetic and the phonological level) are uniformly construed as sets not of individual sounds but of sound sequences of the idiolect system, allowing a treatment of affricates and long consonants (elements of Consonantal-in-S), diphthongs and long vowels (elements of Vocalic-in-S) and the like alongside simple vowels and consonants. The intonation structure assigns sets of 'auditory values' (pitches, degrees of loudness, phonation modes etc.) to the syllables of a (syllabic) sound sequence identified by the constituent structure. Prosodic phenomena in both accent languages and tone languages are then treated in a unified way: differences of tone or stress are represented through sets of auditory values directly within a specific component of a phonological word, namely, the phonological intonation structure, which is properly linked to the (syntactic) intonation structures of syntactic units in which the phonological word occurs; and tone languages differ from accent languages mainly in the way phonological intonation structures are 'processed' in syntactic intonation structures. The constituents of a structured sound sequence are connected through phonological relations (p-nucleus, p-complement, p-modifier).
The phonetic-phonological properties of an idiolect system are to a large degree determined by the way sound sequences combine to form more complex ones, and the way phonetic sound sequences are related to phonological ones. There is a 'connection function' on the phonological level that takes pairs of structured sound sequences and assigns to each pair another such sequence, and a 'connection function' on the phonetic level that takes such pairs and assigns to each pair a set of structured sound sequences. Both levels are connected through a 'variant relation' relating structured phonetic sound sequences to structured phonological sound sequences. While the two connection functions jointly represent the 'phonotactics' of the idiolect system, the variant relation is only partly analogous to the 'allophone' relation in structuralist phonology and avoids its problems (treatment of diphthongs, affricates etc.) by connecting structured phonetic with structured phonological sound sequences instead of connecting individual sounds. Phonetic variants of a complex structured phonological sound sequence may be determined not only phonetically but also phonologically, by underlying sequences on the phonological level. The variant relation is postulated as a third component of the sound system of an idiolect system, in addition to its phonetic and phonological parts.
### Integrational syntax and morphology
Integrational Syntax is akin in spirit to Lexical Functional Grammar, notwithstanding basic differences, and includes essential ideas of Valency Grammar. Among modern approaches to syntax, Integrational Syntax may well be closest to the grammatical tradition as it has developed in the West since antiquity. In particular, Integrational Syntax is Word-and-Paradigm, an orientation that has recently been gaining followers also elsewhere in linguistics. Integrational Syntax is a surface syntax: no 'deep structures' and no empty syntactic units or categories are allowed; true, an 'empty phonological word,' properly defined, is assumed for the treatment of phenomena such as ellipsis, and the empty sequence is used to deal with so-called optional complements. Integrational Syntax is also a 'syntax as a basis for semantics' in the sense that every meaning of a complex syntactic unit is obtained from the lexical meanings of its primitive meaningful parts on the basis of one of its structures. (The nature of lexical meanings is specified in Integrational Lexical Semantics, while ontological questions regarding syntactic meanings and the details of syntactic-semantic meaning composition are treated in Integrational Sentence Semantics.)
Among the syntactic entities postulated in Integrational Syntax for the syntactic part of arbitrary idiolect systems, there are: syntactic base forms, syntactic units, syntactic paradigms, lexical words, syntactic categories (either syntactic unit categories or word categories), syntactic structures, and syntactic functions.
A syntactic unit of an idiolect system is a sequence of syntactic base forms. (Again, unit sequences, but not the empty sequence, are allowed as a limiting case of syntactic units, that is, a syntactic unit may contain a single syntactic base form.) In a system of a spoken idiolect, the syntactic base forms are precisely the phonological words occurring in the phonological part of the system (analogously, for systems of written and signed idiolects).
It is an essential feature of Integrational Syntax that a clear distinction is made between lexical words and forms of lexical words (called 'syntactic word forms' or simply 'syntactic words'): every lexical word is an ordered pair consisting of a syntactic paradigm or 'word paradigm' (the form component of the word) and a concept that is a meaning of the paradigm (the meaning component of the word); a syntactic paradigm is a (non-empty) set of pairs, each consisting of a syntactic word form and a 'categorization' of the word form, that is, a set of syntactic categories such that the word form is an element of each category in the set; and any syntactic word form is also a syntactic unit, hence, a sequence (possibly, a unit sequence) of syntactic base forms (phonological words in the case of spoken idiolects). A given syntactic word form may combine with several categorizations within a single paradigm (syncretism); and a single paradigm may have a number of different meanings (polysemy), which leads to the same number of different lexical words (identical in their form components). Both the notion of paradigm and the notion of concept are generalized so as to allow for lexical words also where traditionally one would not speak either of a paradigm or of a lexical meaning.
Given the distinction between syntactic units (including syntactic word forms) and lexical words, two main types of syntactic categories are postulated for the syntactic part of any idiolect system. Type 1 syntactic categories (also called 'syntactic unit categories') are sets of syntactic units of the idiolect system, and include the syntactic constituent categories as well as word form categories like cases, numbers, tenses, and definiteness categories. The type 1 syntactic categories of an idiolect system are given through a classification system (a system of cross- and sub-classifications) on the set of all syntactic units of the idiolect system, called the 'Syntactic Unit Ordering.' Type 2 syntactic categories (also called 'word categories') are sets of lexical words. They include the 'parts of speech' of the idiolect system and their subcategories. The type 2 categories are given by the 'Lexical Word Ordering', a classification system on the set of all lexical words of the idiolect system. Both the Syntactic Unit Ordering and the Lexical Word Ordering are components of the syntactic part of an idiolect system.
Any syntactic unit can be assigned at least one syntactic structure. The syntactic structures of a unit are to jointly represent all formal information (including intonation) that is relevant with respect to the syntactic meanings of the unit. This is achieved by construing the syntactic structures of a syntactic unit as triples consisting of (i) a constituent structure, (ii) a marking structure, and (iii) an intonation structure of the unit. The constituent structure identifies constituents of the unit by associating certain parts of the unit with syntactic constituent categories like Noun form, Verb form, Verb Group etc., and captures the positions of syntactic base forms within the unit. The formal conception of constituent structures developed in IL allows for easy surface treatment of discontinuous constituents (whose proper treatment was a key motivation, in early Generative Grammar, for deep structures) and avoids any restriction to binary branching with its well-known empirical problems. The marking structure contains additional categorial information beyond what is provided by the constituent structure. Each primitive constituent of the syntactic unit, that is, each occurrence of a form of a lexical word in the unit, is assigned a 'marking': a set of pairs each consisting of two sets of categories. The first set contains syntactic unit categories of which the word form itself is an element; more specifically, the set is identical with a categorization the word form has in the paradigm of a lexical word to which the word form belongs; if the word form has several categorizations in the paradigm, then all these categorizations appear as first components of pairs in the marking of the primitive constituent, thus, the marking has several elements. The second set contains word categories (in particular, government categories) characterizing the lexical word itself. Finally, the intonation structure is a sequence of modified intonation structures of the syntactic base forms occurring in the syntactic unit. The syntactic intonation structure is crucial for syntactic accents and for the distinction of sentence types (as far as this is based on intonation patterns).
Traditional grammatical relations such as subject, object, attribute, etc. are reconstructed in Integrational Syntax as functions ('grammatical functions') taking 'syntactic quadruples' as their arguments. Each quadruple consists of (i) a syntactic unit (or concatenation of units) of an idiolect system, (ii) a syntactic structure the unit or concatenation has in the system, (iii) an assignment of lexical meanings to the primitive constituents contained in the unit given the structure and the system (called a 'lexical interpretation'), and (iv) the system itself. The values of such grammatical functions are two-(or more)-place relations among constituents of the syntactic unit. (Grammatical functions are only one type of 'constituent functions,' which also include 'scope functions' like negation and qualification, and 'phoric functions' like antecedent; and there are other types of syntactic functions besides the constituent functions.) Syntactic functions play a central role, via their semantic content, in the composition process by which syntactic meanings of a syntactic unit are constructed from the lexical meanings of its primitive constituents. Incorporating features of Valency Grammar, Integrational Syntax construes subject and object functions as derived from more basic complement functions that simultaneously cover all complements of a single verbal nucleus; it generalizes the notion of valency to arbitrary lexical words, excluding purely auxiliary words.
This reconstruction of traditional conceptions, which distinguishes between (universal) syntactic functions on the one hand and their values for individual syntactic quadruples on the other, again allows to formulate general definitions for the names of syntactic functions in the Integrational Theory of Language and to identify their occurrences in the syntactic units of specific idiolect systems by statements in a grammar. Such identification, relative to the syntactic structure and lexical interpretation contained in a given syntactic quadruple, typically depends on the marking structure more than on other components of the syntactic structure, or the lexical interpretation. In particular, government categories, given through classifications in the Lexical Word Ordering and contained in the marking structure, are crucial to identifying the values of the complement functions relative to the syntactic quadruple. Type 1 categories, contained in the marking structure, may also play a role in the identification of syntactic function values. For example, the identification of subject constituents as opposed to object constituents may depend on case categories (cf. German Der Kellner [NOM] mochte sie. 'The waiter liked her.' vs. Den Kellner [ACC] mochte sie. 'The waiter she liked.').
Integrational Morphology, concerned with the analysis of phonological words (and other medial types of syntactic base forms) into meaningful parts, is largely analogous to Integrational Syntax. The morphological entities postulated for any idiolect system are morphological base forms, units, paradigms, categories, structures, and functions as well as lexemes. Morphological base forms (morphs) are entities of the same ontological type as syntactic base forms, structured phonological sound sequences in the case of a spoken idiolect; morphological units are sequences of morphological base forms; and 'lexemes' are conceived as ordered pairs consisting of a morphological paradigm and a concept that is a meaning of the paradigm, similarly to the lexical words in syntax. For any syntactic base form there is a 'morphological analysis': a pair consisting of a morphological unit and a morphological structure of the unit. A morphological unit that is the first component in an analysis of a syntactic base form is a 'morphological word.' A morphological structure of
a morphological unit is a triple consisting of a morphological constituent structure, marking structure, and intonation structure. Two main types of morphological categories are assumed. Type 1 morphological categories (also called 'morphological unit categories'), given through the 'Morphological Unit Ordering' of an idiolect system, are sets of morphological units; they include morphological constituent categories, maximally, Stem form, Affix form, and Stem Group, as well as possible subcategories of Stem form and Affix form. Cross-linguistically, there must be stem forms in the idiolect systems of any language whereas the categories Affix form and Stem Group need not occur. Type 2 morphological categories ('lexeme categories') are sets of lexemes and are given through the 'Lexeme Ordering' of the idiolect system. They include the top-level lexeme categories Stem and Affix (comparable to the parts of speech in syntax) and their subcategories. Morphological functions (e.g., morphological complement, modifier, and nucleus) are comparable to grammatical functions in syntax in taking 'morphological quadruples' as their arguments and assigning relations among morphological constituents as values. They figure, via their semantic content, in morphosemantic meaning composition.
The lexicon of an idiolect system is construed as a pair consisting of the lexeme lexicon and the word lexicon. The former is the set of all lexemes (hence, the source of the Lexeme Ordering), and the latter is the set of all lexical words (hence, the source of the Lexical Word Ordering), of the idiolect system.
### Integrational semantics
Integrational Semantics treats lexical meanings (i.e., meanings of morphological or syntactic paradigms and their forms) as entities entirely different from syntactic meanings (meanings of simple or complex syntactic constituents obtained through syntactic meaning composition). Consequently, meaning composition, too, is construed differently for lexical and for syntactic meanings. Integrational Lexical Semantics (with Integrational Morphosemantics and Integrational Word Semantics as its parts) combines the psychological and the realist traditions in semantics. Lexical meanings are construed as concepts in a psychological sense: an n-place concept (with n > 0) is the property of being a (human) perception or conception in whose content a certain non-empty set of n-place attributes of real-world entities occurs as a subset. The set of attributes is called the (n-place) intension of the concept, and the set of real-world entities that have all attributes is called its (n-place) extension. The extension but not the intension may be empty. In the case of a 1-place concept, the attributes in the intension are properties, and the extension is a set of individual real-world objects. If n > 1, the attributes are n-place intensional relations between real-world entities, and the extension is the set of n-tuples of real-world entities among which the n-place relations in the intension hold. Such 'relational concepts' typically occur as lexical meanings of verbs and adpositions (prepositions, etc.) but also of other kinds of relational words. The only concept for which the notions of intension and extension are not defined is the (0-place) 'empty concept,' occurring as the meaning component of lexical words such as auxiliaries and modal particles, and of all affixes, that is, of linguistic entities whose contribution to meaning composition is not based on lexical meanings. Given the notion of empty concept, the IL conception of concepts is both flexible and powerful enough to assign meanings to lexical words of any kind.
A conception is a mental state, and a perception a mental event, located in the brain of an individual. By identifying concepts not with such mental entities but with (extra-mental) properties of mental entities, Integrational Lexical Semantics can account for the potential intersubjectivity of concepts, a problem that any psychological meaning conception must face: while perceptions and conceptions are tied to an individual, a concept may well be a property shared by perceptions or conceptions located in different individuals.
Lexical meaning composition is based on morphosemantic composition functions whose arguments
are (n-tuples of) concepts and whose values are again concepts. Such semantic functions occur in
the semantic content of morphological functions such as morphological complement, modifier, and nucleus, and operate on the basis of (morphological or semantic) application conditions.
In Integrational Sentence Semantics, sentence meanings are construed as intensional relations between potential utterances and potential speakers. For any syntactic unit that has a sentence meaning, the meanings of the unit jointly represent a necessary condition for successful utterances of the unit. Each (simple) sentence meaning consists of at least (i) a referential part: a set containing exactly one 'referential meaning' for each referential expression of the syntactic unit; (ii) a propositional part: a pair consisting of a directive part (determining a speech act type) and a proposition; and (iii) a propositional background, consisting of what the speaker co-expresses with the proposition. The referential part and the propositional background of a sentence meaning may be empty.
Syntactic meaning composition is based on semantic composition functions associated with (i) the syntactic functions in an idiolect system, by the 'syntactic function interpretation,' (ii) with syntactic categories like tense or definiteness categories, by the 'syntactic category interpretation' (both are components of the sentence-semantic part of the idiolect system). Syntactic meaning composition starts from the lexical meanings of the primitive constituents in a syntactic quadruple: 'basic syntactic meanings' are pairs of a concept, assigned to a primitive constituent by the lexical interpretation, and a 'contextual embedding' of the concept that involves potential speakers and utterances. Next, basic syntactic meanings are transformed into 'intermediate syntactic meanings' for non-primitive constituents by means of syntactic-semantic composition functions that are associated in the idiolect system with syntactic functions such as complement and modifier. Finally, the intermediate (and, possibly, basic) meanings are further processed by semantic functions that are associated with the syntactic nucleus function, so as to yield 'complete syntactic meanings,' which are either referential meanings or sentence meanings.
It appears that Integrational Sentence Semantics combines the meaning-as-use tradition in seman-
tics (relating sentence meanings to speakers and utterances) with features of the psychological tradition (lexical meanings as concepts in a psychological sense, speaker attitudes as essential to sentence meanings) and with features of the realist tradition (e.g., extra-mental status of lexical and of syntactic meanings, the compositionality principle for complex meanings).
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Integrational theory of language
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrational_theory_of_language
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The '''Integrational theory of language'''<ref>Hans-Heinrich Lieb (ed.), [http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/docs/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/FUDOCS_derivate_000000008405/XIX._Syntactic_methodology_x_an_Integrational_account_I.pdf "Syntactic methodology: an Integrational account I"], 2017, p. ii.</ref> is the general [[theory of language]] that has been developed within the general linguistic approach of [[integrational linguistics]].
Differently from most other approaches in [[linguistics]], integrational linguistics emphasizes a distinction between ''theories of language'' and ''theories of language descriptions''. Integrational linguistics has therefore developed both a general theory of language and a theory of linguistic descriptions, the [[integrational theory of grammars]].<ref name="Lieb 1983b">Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. 1983. ''Integrational Linguistics. Vol. I: General Outline''. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: Benjamins. (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 17).</ref><ref name="Lieb History">[http://integrational-linguistics.science/+en/hist-en.html Lieb, Hans-Heinrich: "History of Integrational Linguistics: a short outline"]. ''The Homepage of Integrational Linguistics''. (Retrieved April 21, 2013).</ref>
The integrational theory of language contains two major subtheories: (i) the '''integrational theory of linguistic variability''', which is 'conflated' with (ii) the '''integrational theory of language systems'''.
One of the most distinctive features of the integrational theory of language is its adherence to [[ontology|ontological]] explicitness and constructiveness: the ontological status of every linguistic [[wikt:entity|entity]] postulated by the theory is clearly determined (explicitness), and every entity is a [[logic]]al or [[set theory|set-theoretical]] construct ultimately related to a small number of sets of basic entities that include, in particular, [[physical body|objects]] and events in space-time (constructiveness).<ref name="Sackmann 2006">Sackmann, Robin. 2006. "Integrational Linguistics (IL)". In: Keith Brown (ed.-in-chief). ''Encyclopedia of language and linguistics''. 2nd edition. Oxford: Elsevier. Vol.5. 704–713.</ref>
==The integrational theory of linguistic variability==
===Linguistic variability===
From its inception, IL has regarded linguistic variability, i.e. the changeability of [[language]]s along dimensions such as time, geographical space, social stratification etc., as an essential property of natural languages that has to be treated in any realistic theory of language; certain idealizations, such as [[Noam Chomsky|Chomsky's]] 'completely homogeneous speech-community,' are rejected.
The Integrational Theory of Linguistic Variability thus aims at providing a theoretical framework for variation research (including studies in [[sociolinguistics]], [[dialectology]], and [[historical linguistics]]) and a basis for a realistic theory of language systems. The theory centers around the notion of '[[idiolect]],' in a specific sense of the term that avoids traditional problems: an idiolect is a homogeneous part of an individual speaker's share of a language (a speaker's total share of a language, called a 'personal variety,' is not an idiolect in this sense but is a [[set (mathematics)|set]] of idiolects). Such an idiolect, understood as an individual (linguistic) means of [[communication]] of a person during a certain period of time, simultaneously belongs to a certain [[periodization|period]] of the language, to a certain [[dialect]], [[sociolect]], [[register (sociolinguistics)|register]], medial variety, etc. A natural language (understood as a historical language during the entire span of its existence, or a period – a major temporal part – of a historical language) is construed as a set of idiolects, and each variety of the language is a subset of the language. Sets of idiolects (such as languages and their varieties) are called 'communication complexes.' The varieties of a language are given through its 'variety structure': a classification system whose source is the language itself.<ref name="Sackmann 2006" /><ref name="Lieb 1993g">Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. 1993. ''Linguistic variables: Towards a unified theory of linguistic variation''. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: Benjamins. (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 108).</ref>
===Idiolects and idiolect systems===
Ontologically, an idiolect is construed as a (possibly infinite) set of abstract [[sentence (linguistics)|sentences]]: form-meaning pairs consisting, in the case of a spoken rather than a written or signed idiolect, of a structured phonetic sound [[sequence]] and a meaning of this sequence. For each idiolect in a language, there is a system (idiolect system) that specifies which form-meaning pairs are elements of the idiolect. Every idiolect system consists of (technically: is an ''n''-[[tuple]] whose components are) a phonetic, phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexico-semantic, and sentence-semantic part; and each part determines a different type of properties that the form-meaning pairs must have in order to belong to the idiolect. In written idiolect systems, the [[phonetics|phonetic]] and [[phonology|phonological]] parts are replaced by a [[graphetics|graphetic]] and a [[graphemics|graphematic]] part, in signed idiolect systems by a cheremic and a cherematic part. (There may be other components in addition to the ones listed above; the precise structure of idiolect systems is a matter of ongoing research.) The parts of an idiolect system are grouped into the sound system (script system, chereme system), the morpho-syntactic (or grammatical) subsystem, and the semantic subsystem of the idiolect system. (There is no [[pragmatics|pragmatic]] part or subsystem – 'pragmatic' properties of form-meaning pairs, as far as they are determined by the idiolect system itself, are covered by the semantic subsystem, or else indirectly by the idiolect's place in the variety structure.) Finally, a system for a language (or language variety) is a construct of properties shared by every system of every idiolect in the language (or language variety). Idiolects, varieties, languages, and their systems are all construed as extramental and [[abstract and concrete|abstract]].
Systems of idiolects (idiolect systems) and systems for languages differ from each other both ontologically and in their relation to speakers' minds. Idiolect systems are ''n''-tuples (as specified above) whereas language systems are sets of properties of such ''n''-tuples. Moreover, for every idiolect that is a means of communication for a given speaker, there must be a (psychological and physiological) internal basis in the speaker that corresponds to a system of this idiolect, but there is no such internal basis for entire language systems. From an IL point of view, distinguishing between language systems, idiolect systems, idiolects (themselves no systems), and speaker-internal bases for idiolects is a cornerstone for a realistic theory of natural languages and language use.<ref name="Lieb 1983b" /><ref name="Sackmann 2006" /><ref name="Lieb 1993g" />
A full representation of the Integrational Theory of Linguistic Variability and discussion of rival theories can be found in Lieb (1993);<ref name="Lieb 1993g" /> for the conceptions of languages and idiolects, see also Lieb (1983),<ref name="Lieb 1983b"/> Part A.
==The integrational theory of language systems==
===General features===
The Integrational Theory of Linguistic Variability is conflated with the Integrational Theory of Language Systems. The latter is concerned mainly with (i) making general assumptions on the properties of idiolect systems in arbitrary languages and (ii) developing a conceptual framework, and corresponding terminology, for their description.
The well-known problems in defining a truly universal terminology (applicable in the description of arbitrary languages) in the face of linguistic diversity are tackled in Integrational Linguistics by making a number of essential meta-theoretic distinctions, implicit in linguistic tradition but typically blurred in modern approaches.
Most importantly, a distinction is made between the ''[[definition]]'' of a term and the ''identification'' of corresponding linguistic entities in given idiolect systems. For example, terms such as 'phoneme,' 'suffix,' 'verb,' 'singular,' 'accusative,' etc. are construed not as categorial terms (denoting sets of linguistic entities) but as names of two-place [[binary relation|relations]] ('is-a-phoneme-of,' 'is-a-suffix-of,' etc.) between linguistic entities and idiolect systems ''S'' (e.g., SLEEP is-a-verb-of S<sub>E</sub>, SCHLAFEN is-a-verb-of S<sub>G</sub>, where S<sub>E</sub> and S<sub>G</sub> are, respectively, an English and a German idiolect system: one and the same relation [is-a-]verb[-of] holds between SLEEP and S<sub>E</sub>, SCHLAFEN and S<sub>G</sub>, etc.). Names for categories of a given idiolect system are then derived from such relational terms: the expression 'verb of S<sub>E</sub>' denotes the set of all verbs of S<sub>E</sub> (a category), i.e., denotes the set of all linguistic entities that are related to idiolect system S<sub>E</sub> by the relation [is a ]verb[ of]. While the relational term 'verb' is ''defined'' in the Integrational Theory of Language Systems so as to allow for ''arbitrary'' idiolect systems, the corresponding categories (verb in S<sub>E</sub>, verb in S<sub>G</sub>, etc.) must be ''identified'' in a grammar for individual idiolect systems, and the identifying properties may vary greatly among the systems of idiolects in different languages or even within a single language. It is a task not of a general theory of language but of theories of individual languages or language varieties – e.g., of individual grammars – to formulate identifying properties for the entities (categories, etc.) postulated for the idiolect systems of a given language (or variety). (Consider, for instance, a language in whose idiolect systems ''S'' all infinitive forms of verbs – and only such forms – have a certain prefix, giving rise to an identifying property for the category infinitive-in-''S'' in the idiolect systems of this language. Clearly, this criterion should not be used to define the term 'infinitive' in a general theory of language.) Given this distinction, a term like 'verb' may be ''defined'' by means of word- or sentence-semantic criteria; the syntactic nature of the corresponding categories in individual idiolect systems is still guaranteed by the fact that the categories can be ''identified'' by resort to the syntactic means of the idiolect systems (morphological marking, word order, intonation) and, possibly, properties of lexical meanings. Defining a term in a general theory of language does not, however, imply that there are corresponding entities in all idiolect systems (for instance, we can formulate a general definition of 'adjective' although there may be languages without adjectives).<ref name="Budde 2000">Budde, Monika. 2000. ''Wortarten: Definition und Identifikation''. Doct. diss. Freie Universität Berlin. [Published on microfiche.]</ref><ref name="Lieb 1993a">Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. 1993. "Integrational Linguistics". In: Joachim Jacobs, Arnim von Stechow, Wolfgang Sternefeld, and Theo Vennemann (eds). ''Syntax: Ein internationales Handbuch zeitgenössischer Forschung / An International Handbook of Contemporary Research''. Vol.1. Berlin etc.: de Gruyter. (= Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft 9.1). 430–468.</ref>
The elements of a category in a given idiolect system may, and usually will, have additional relevant properties not needed for identifying the category. (In the above example, the infinitive forms may show certain tense distinctions.) Such properties must still be included in a ''complete characterization'' of the category. Finally, each entity proposed by a general theory of language or by a theory of an individual language, variety, or idiolect should also be ''justified'' by metatheoretic considerations. Consider, for example, the set of all adjective forms of a given English idiolect system whose sound sequences start with /bl/. Such a set should hardly be postulated as a syntactic category of this idiolect system, even though the set would easily be identified, and a corresponding term would easily be defined.<ref name="Budde 2000" />
From an IL point of view, distinguishing between the definition of a term, the identification and characterization of a corresponding entity in an individual idiolect system, and the justification for postulating such an entity in a theory of a specific language, is a prerequisite both for formulating a general theory of language (one of the main goals of linguistics) and for successfully integrating theories of individual languages or language varieties with such a theory. Integrational Linguistics appears to be the only modern approach to explicitly adopt the fourfold distinction between definition, identification, characterization and justification, implicit in Western linguistic tradition with its insistence on the ''semantic'' definition of many general terms used in identifying ''syntactic'' entities as described in individual grammars. — For a detailed discussion of the underlying metatheoretic principles, see, in particular, Budde (2000):<ref name="Budde 2000" /> chapter 1; for an application in a general theory of parts of speech, using German for orientation, see Budde (2000): chapters 2–10.
Reflecting the basic structure of spoken idiolect systems (see above), the Integrational Theory of Language Systems comprises Integrational Phonology, Integrational Morpho-Syntax (with Integrational Morphology and Integrational Syntax), and Integrational Semantics (Integrational Lexical Semantics, including morpho-semantics and word semantics, and Integrational Sentence Semantics). For medial types of idiolect systems other than the spoken one, suitable subtheories – corresponding to Integrational Phonology – are provided for but have not yet been worked out in detail (Integrational Graphematics for written, Integrational Cherematics for signed idiolect systems).
The most detailed representation to date of the Integrational Theory of Language Systems as a whole (excluding Integrational Phonology) is found in Lieb (1983):<ref name="Lieb 1983b" /> parts B to F); for Integrational Syntax see also Lieb (1993),<ref name="Lieb 1993a" /> for Integrational Semantics Lieb (1979,<ref name="Lieb 1979c">Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. 1979. "Principles of semantics". In: Frank W. Heny, and Helmut Schnelle (eds). ''Syntax and Semantics, vol. 10: Selections from the Third Groningen Round Table''. New York etc.: Academic Press. 353–378.</ref> 1980,<ref name="Lieb 1980k">Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. 1980. "Syntactic meanings". In: John R. Searle, Ferenc Kiefer, and Manfred Bierwisch (eds). ''Speech act theory and pragmatics''. Dordrecht etc.: Reidel. (= Synthese Language Library 10). 121–153.</ref> 1992<ref name="Lieb 1992c">Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. 1992. "Integrational Semantics: An integrative view of linguistic meaning". In: Maxim Stamenov (ed.). ''Current Advances in Semantic Theory''. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: Benjamins. (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 73). 239–268.</ref>). Integrational Phonology (the last component of the theory to be developed) is presented in Lieb (1998,<ref name="Lieb 1998b">Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. 1998. "Morph, Wort, Silbe: Umrisse einer Integrativen Phonologie des Deutschen". In: Matthias Butt, and Nanna Fuhrhop (eds). ''Variation und Stabilität in der Wortstruktur: Untersuchungen zu Entwicklung, Erwerb und Varietäten des Deutschen und anderer Sprachen''. Hildesheim etc.: Olms. (= Germanistische Linguistik 141–142). 334–407.</ref> 2008<ref name="Lieb 2008">Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. 2008. "The case for two-level phonology: German Obstruent Tensing and Nasal Alternation in French". In: Robin Sackmann (ed.). ''Explorations in Integrational Linguistics: four essays on German, French, and Guaraní. (Studies in Integrational Linguistics, 1)''. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: Benjamins. (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 285). 21–96.</ref>). For major applications of IL in linguistic description, see, for example, Richter (1988),<ref name="Richter 1988">Richter, Heide. 1988. ''Indexikalität: Ihre Behandlung in Philosophie und Sprachwissenschaft''. Tübingen: Niemeyer. (= Linguistische Arbeiten 217).</ref> Moltmann (1992),<ref name="Moltmann 1992">Moltmann, Friederike. 1992. ''Lokalität und Individuation: Studien zur Ereignis- und Nominalphrasensemantik''. München: Fink. (= Studien zur Theoretischen Linguistik 12).</ref> and Eisenberg (1998/1999),<ref name="Eisenberg 1998/1999">Eisenberg, Peter. 1998/1999. ''Grundriß der deutschen Grammatik. Band 1: Das Wort'' (1998). ''Band 2: Der Satz'' (1999). Stuttgart: Metzler.</ref> concentrating on German; Sackmann (2004)<ref name="Sackmann 2004">Sackmann, Robin. 2004. ''Numeratives: the syntax and semantics of classifiers and measures in Mandarin Chinese''. Doct. diss., Freie Universität Berlin.</ref> for Mandarin Chinese; see also the contributions in Sackmann (ed.) (2008).<ref name="Sackmann 2008b">Sackmann, Robin (ed.). 2008. (ed.) ''Explorations in Integrational Linguistics: four essays on German, French, and Guaraní. (Studies in Integrational Linguistics, 1)''. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: Benjamins. (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 285).</ref> The conception of (morphological and syntactic) [[Inflection#Inflectional_paradigm|paradigms]], fundamental in IL, has recently been further elaborated in Lieb (2005).<ref name="Lieb 2005">Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. 2005. "Notions of paradigm in grammar". In: D. Alan Cruse, Franz Hundsnurscher, Michael Job, and Peter Lutzeier (eds). ''Lexikologie / Lexicology: Ein internationales Handbuch zur Natur und Struktur von Wörtern und Wortschätzen / An international handbook on the nature and structure of words and vocabularies''. Vol.2. Berlin etc.: de Gruyter. (= Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft 21.2). 1613–1646.</ref>
===Integrational phonology===
Integrational Phonology is a 'declarative' two-level [[phonology]] that postulates two distinct levels (or 'parts') in the sound system of any idiolect system, a less abstract phonetic and a more abstract phonological one. Phonetic and phonological sounds are both conceived as sets of [[auditory phonetics|auditory]] properties of speech-sound events, hence, as [[abstract and concrete|abstract]] real-world entities. (Speech-sound events are [[abstract and concrete|concrete]] entities, located in space-time.) [[phoneme|Phonological sounds]] differ from [[phone (phonetics)|phonetic]] ones by a higher degree of abstraction: While sounds on the phonetic level (i.e., part) of an idiolect system contain all properties that characterize normal utterances of entities of the idiolect system, phonological sounds contain only those properties that are functional in the idiolect system, i.e., are relevant with respect to distinctions in the morphological, syntactic, or semantic parts of the system.<ref name="Sackmann 2006" /><ref name="Lieb 1998b" /><ref name="Lieb 2008" />
Phonological words and morphs (on the phonological level) as well as phonetic words (on the phonetic level) are construed as 'structured sound sequences,' that is, ordered pairs consisting of (1) a phonetic or phonological sound sequence (called the 'basis' of the morph or word) and (2) a phonetic or phonological structure of the sound sequence – itself a pair of (2a) a [[constituent (linguistics)|constituent]] structure and (2b) an intonation structure of the sound sequence. ('Sequence' is understood in the Integrational Theory of Language in a specific, set-theoretical sense that allows for the limiting cases of empty and one-member or 'unit sequences.') The constituent structure relates parts of the sound sequence to one of the sound categories Vocalic-in-''S'', Consonantal-in-''S'', and VocalicGroup-in-''S'', thereby determining a syllable sequence (possibly empty) for the sound sequence. The sound categories (simultaneously belonging to the phonetic and the phonological level) are uniformly construed as sets not of individual sounds but of sound ''sequences'' of the idiolect system, allowing a treatment of [[affricate consonant|affricates]] and long [[consonant]]s (elements of Consonantal-in-''S''), [[diphthong]]s and long [[vowel]]s (elements of Vocalic-in-''S'') and the like alongside simple vowels and consonants. The intonation structure assigns sets of 'auditory values' ([[pitch accent (intonation)|pitches]], degrees of loudness, [[phonation]] modes etc.) to the [[syllable]]s of a (syllabic) sound sequence identified by the constituent structure. [[prosody (linguistics)|Prosodic]] phenomena in both [[accent (phonetics)|accent]] languages and [[tone (linguistics)|tone]] languages are then treated in a unified way: differences of tone or stress are represented through sets of auditory values directly within a specific component of a phonological word, namely, the phonological intonation structure, which is properly linked to the (syntactic) intonation structures of syntactic units in which the phonological word occurs; and tone languages differ from accent languages mainly in the way phonological intonation structures are 'processed' in syntactic intonation structures. The constituents of a structured sound sequence are connected through phonological relations (p-nucleus, p-complement, p-modifier).<ref name="Sackmann 2006" /><ref name="Lieb 1998b" /><ref name="Lieb 2008" />
The phonetic-phonological properties of an idiolect system are to a large degree determined by the way sound sequences combine to form more complex ones, and the way phonetic sound sequences are related to phonological ones. There is a 'connection function' on the phonological level that takes pairs of structured sound sequences and assigns to each pair another such sequence, and a 'connection function' on the phonetic level that takes such pairs and assigns to each pair a ''set'' of structured sound sequences. Both levels are connected through a 'variant relation' relating structured phonetic sound sequences to structured phonological sound sequences. While the two connection functions jointly represent the '[[phonotactics]]' of the idiolect system, the variant relation is only partly analogous to the '[[allophone]]' relation in [[structural linguistics|structuralist]] phonology and avoids its problems (treatment of diphthongs, affricates etc.) by connecting structured phonetic with structured phonological sound ''sequences'' instead of connecting individual sounds. Phonetic variants of a complex structured phonological sound sequence may be determined not only phonetically but also phonologically, by underlying sequences on the phonological level. The variant relation is postulated as a third component of the sound system of an idiolect system, in addition to its phonetic and phonological parts.<ref name="Sackmann 2006" /><ref name="Lieb 1998b" /><ref name="Lieb 2008" />
===Integrational syntax and morphology===
Integrational Syntax is akin in spirit to [[Lexical Functional Grammar]], notwithstanding basic differences, and includes essential ideas of [[valency (linguistics)|Valency Grammar]]. Among modern approaches to syntax, Integrational Syntax may well be closest to the grammatical tradition as it has developed in the West since antiquity. In particular, Integrational Syntax is Word-and-Paradigm, an orientation that has recently been gaining followers also elsewhere in linguistics. Integrational Syntax is a surface syntax: no '[[deep structure]]s' and no empty syntactic units or categories are allowed; true, an 'empty phonological word,' properly defined, is assumed for the treatment of phenomena such as [[ellipsis (linguistics)|ellipsis]], and the empty sequence is used to deal with so-called optional complements. Integrational Syntax is also a 'syntax as a basis for semantics' in the sense that every meaning of a complex syntactic unit is obtained from the lexical meanings of its primitive meaningful parts on the basis of one of its structures. (The nature of lexical meanings is specified in Integrational Lexical Semantics, while ontological questions regarding syntactic meanings and the details of syntactic-semantic meaning composition are treated in Integrational Sentence Semantics.)<ref name="Lieb 1983b" /><ref name="Sackmann 2006" /><ref name="Lieb 1993a" />
Among the syntactic entities postulated in Integrational Syntax for the syntactic part of arbitrary idiolect systems, there are: syntactic base forms, syntactic units, syntactic [[Inflection#Inflectional_paradigm|paradigms]], lexical words, syntactic categories (either syntactic unit categories or word categories), syntactic structures, and syntactic functions.
A syntactic unit of an idiolect system is a sequence of syntactic base forms. (Again, unit sequences, but not the empty sequence, are allowed as a limiting case of syntactic units, that is, a syntactic unit may contain a single syntactic base form.) In a system of a spoken idiolect, the syntactic base forms are precisely the phonological words occurring in the phonological part of the system (analogously, for systems of written and signed idiolects).
It is an essential feature of Integrational Syntax that a clear distinction is made between lexical words and forms of lexical words (called 'syntactic word forms' or simply 'syntactic words'): every lexical word is an ordered pair consisting of a syntactic paradigm or 'word paradigm' (the form component of the word) and a concept that is a meaning of the paradigm (the meaning component of the word); a syntactic paradigm is a (non-empty) set of pairs, each consisting of a syntactic word form and a 'categorization' of the word form, that is, a set of syntactic categories such that the word form is an element of each category in the set; and any syntactic word form is also a syntactic unit, hence, a sequence (possibly, a unit sequence) of syntactic base forms (phonological words in the case of spoken idiolects). A given syntactic word form may combine with several categorizations within a single paradigm ([[syncretism (linguistics)|syncretism]]); and a single paradigm may have a number of different meanings ([[polysemy]]), which leads to the same number of different lexical words (identical in their form components). Both the notion of paradigm and the notion of concept are generalized so as to allow for lexical words also where traditionally one would not speak either of a paradigm or of a lexical meaning.<ref name="Lieb 1983b" /><ref name="Sackmann 2006" /><ref name="Lieb 1993a" />
Given the distinction between syntactic units (including syntactic word forms) and lexical words, two main types of syntactic categories are postulated for the syntactic part of any idiolect system. Type 1 syntactic categories (also called 'syntactic unit categories') are sets of syntactic units of the idiolect system, and include the syntactic constituent categories as well as word form categories like [[grammatical case|cases]], [[grammatical number|numbers]], [[grammatical tense|tenses]], and [[definiteness]] categories. The type 1 syntactic categories of an idiolect system are given through a classification system (a system of cross- and sub-classifications) on the set of all syntactic units of the idiolect system, called the 'Syntactic Unit Ordering.' Type 2 syntactic categories (also called 'word categories') are sets of lexical words. They include the '[[part of speech|parts of speech]]' of the idiolect system and their subcategories. The type 2 categories are given by the 'Lexical Word Ordering', a classification system on the set of all lexical words of the idiolect system. Both the Syntactic Unit Ordering and the Lexical Word Ordering are components of the syntactic part of an idiolect system.<ref name="Lieb 1983b" /><ref name="Sackmann 2006" /><ref name="Lieb 1993a" />
Any syntactic unit can be assigned at least one syntactic structure. The syntactic structures of a unit are to jointly represent all formal information (including [[intonation (linguistics)|intonation]]) that is relevant with respect to the syntactic meanings of the unit. This is achieved by construing the syntactic structures of a syntactic unit as triples consisting of (i) a constituent structure, (ii) a marking structure, and (iii) an intonation structure of the unit. The ''constituent structure'' identifies [[constituent (linguistics)|constituents]] of the unit by associating certain parts of the unit with syntactic constituent categories like Noun form, Verb form, Verb Group etc., and captures the positions of syntactic base forms within the unit. The formal conception of constituent structures developed in IL allows for easy surface treatment of discontinuous constituents (whose proper treatment was a key motivation, in early [[Generative Grammar]], for deep structures) and avoids any restriction to [[branching (linguistics)|binary branching]] with its well-known empirical problems. The ''marking structure'' contains additional categorial information beyond what is provided by the constituent structure. Each primitive constituent of the syntactic unit, that is, each occurrence of a form of a lexical word in the unit, is assigned a 'marking': a set of pairs each consisting of two sets of categories. The first set contains syntactic unit categories of which the word form itself is an element; more specifically, the set is identical with a categorization the word form has in the paradigm of a lexical word to which the word form belongs; if the word form has several categorizations in the paradigm, then all these categorizations appear as first components of pairs in the marking of the primitive constituent, thus, the marking has several elements. The second set contains word categories (in particular, government categories) characterizing the lexical word itself. Finally, the ''intonation structure'' is a sequence of modified intonation structures of the syntactic base forms occurring in the syntactic unit. The syntactic intonation structure is crucial for syntactic accents and for the distinction of sentence types (as far as this is based on intonation patterns).<ref name="Lieb 1983b" /><ref name="Sackmann 2006" /><ref name="Lieb 1993a" />
Traditional [[grammatical relation]]s such as [[subject (grammar)|subject]], [[object (grammar)|object]], [[grammatical modifier|attribute]], etc. are reconstructed in Integrational Syntax as functions ('grammatical functions') taking 'syntactic quadruples' as their arguments. Each quadruple consists of (i) a syntactic unit (or concatenation of units) of an idiolect system, (ii) a syntactic structure the unit or concatenation has in the system, (iii) an assignment of lexical meanings to the primitive constituents contained in the unit given the structure and the system (called a 'lexical interpretation'), and (iv) the system itself. The values of such grammatical functions are two-(or more)-place relations among constituents of the syntactic unit. (Grammatical functions are only one type of 'constituent functions,' which also include 'scope functions' like negation and qualification, and 'phoric functions' like antecedent; and there are other types of syntactic functions besides the constituent functions.) Syntactic functions play a central role, via their semantic content, in the [[principle of compositionality|composition process]] by which syntactic meanings of a syntactic unit are constructed from the lexical meanings of its primitive constituents. Incorporating features of Valency Grammar, Integrational Syntax construes subject and object functions as derived from more basic complement functions that simultaneously cover all complements of a single verbal nucleus; it generalizes the notion of valency to arbitrary lexical words, excluding purely auxiliary words.<ref name="Lieb 1983b" /><ref name="Sackmann 2006" /><ref name="Lieb 1993a" />
This reconstruction of traditional conceptions, which distinguishes between (universal) syntactic functions on the one hand and their values for individual syntactic quadruples on the other, again allows to formulate general ''definitions'' for the names of syntactic functions in the Integrational Theory of Language and to ''identify'' their occurrences in the syntactic units of specific idiolect systems by statements in a grammar. Such identification, relative to the syntactic structure and lexical interpretation contained in a given syntactic quadruple, typically depends on the marking structure more than on other components of the syntactic structure, or the lexical interpretation. In particular, government categories, given through classifications in the Lexical Word Ordering and contained in the marking structure, are crucial to identifying the values of the complement functions relative to the syntactic quadruple. Type 1 categories, contained in the marking structure, may also play a role in the identification of syntactic function values. For example, the identification of subject constituents as opposed to object constituents may depend on case categories (cf. German ''Der Kellner'' [NOM] ''mochte sie''. 'The waiter liked her.' vs. ''Den Kellner'' [ACC] ''mochte sie''. 'The waiter she liked.').<ref name="Lieb 1983b" /><ref name="Sackmann 2006" /><ref name="Lieb 1993a" />
Integrational Morphology, concerned with the analysis of phonological words (and other medial types of syntactic base forms) into meaningful parts, is largely analogous to Integrational Syntax. The morphological entities postulated for any idiolect system are morphological base forms, units, paradigms, categories, structures, and functions as well as lexemes. Morphological base forms (morphs) are entities of the same ontological type as syntactic base forms, structured phonological sound sequences in the case of a spoken idiolect; morphological units are sequences of morphological base forms; and 'lexemes' are conceived as ordered pairs consisting of a morphological paradigm and a concept that is a meaning of the paradigm, similarly to the lexical words in syntax. For any syntactic base form there is a 'morphological analysis': a pair consisting of a morphological unit and a morphological structure of the unit. A morphological unit that is the first component in an analysis of a syntactic base form is a 'morphological word.' A morphological structure of
a morphological unit is a triple consisting of a morphological constituent structure, marking structure, and intonation structure. Two main types of morphological categories are assumed. Type 1 morphological categories (also called 'morphological unit categories'), given through the 'Morphological Unit Ordering' of an idiolect system, are sets of morphological units; they include morphological constituent categories, maximally, [[word stem|Stem]] form, [[Affix]] form, and Stem Group, as well as possible subcategories of Stem form and Affix form. Cross-linguistically, there must be stem forms in the idiolect systems of any language whereas the categories Affix form and Stem Group need not occur. Type 2 morphological categories ('lexeme categories') are sets of lexemes and are given through the 'Lexeme Ordering' of the idiolect system. They include the top-level lexeme categories Stem and Affix (comparable to the parts of speech in syntax) and their subcategories. Morphological functions (e.g., morphological complement, modifier, and nucleus) are comparable to grammatical functions in syntax in taking 'morphological quadruples' as their arguments and assigning relations among morphological constituents as values. They figure, via their semantic content, in morphosemantic meaning composition.<ref name="Lieb 1983b" /><ref name="Sackmann 2006" />
The ''[[lexicon]]'' of an idiolect system is construed as a pair consisting of the ''lexeme lexicon'' and the ''word lexicon''. The former is the set of all lexemes (hence, the source of the Lexeme Ordering), and the latter is the set of all lexical words (hence, the source of the Lexical Word Ordering), of the idiolect system.<ref name="Lieb 1993a" />
===Integrational semantics===
Integrational Semantics treats lexical meanings (i.e., meanings of morphological or syntactic paradigms and their forms) as entities entirely different from syntactic meanings (meanings of simple or complex syntactic constituents obtained through syntactic meaning composition). Consequently, meaning composition, too, is construed differently for lexical and for syntactic meanings. Integrational Lexical Semantics (with Integrational Morphosemantics and Integrational Word Semantics as its parts) combines the psychological and the realist traditions in semantics. Lexical meanings are construed as [[concept]]s in a psychological sense: an ''n''-place concept (with ''n'' > 0) is the property of being a (human) perception or conception in whose content a certain non-empty set of ''n''-place attributes of real-world entities occurs as a subset. The set of attributes is called the (''n''-place) intension of the concept, and the set of real-world entities that have all attributes is called its (''n''-place) extension. The extension but not the intension may be empty. In the case of a 1-place concept, the attributes in the intension are properties, and the extension is a set of individual real-world objects. If ''n'' > 1, the attributes are ''n''-place intensional relations between real-world entities, and the extension is the set of ''n''-tuples of real-world entities among which the ''n''-place relations in the intension hold. Such 'relational concepts' typically occur as lexical meanings of verbs and adpositions (prepositions, etc.) but also of other kinds of relational words. The only concept for which the notions of intension and extension are not defined is the (0-place) 'empty concept,' occurring as the meaning component of lexical words such as auxiliaries and modal particles, and of all affixes, that is, of linguistic entities whose contribution to meaning composition is not based on lexical meanings. Given the notion of empty concept, the IL conception of concepts is both flexible and powerful enough to assign meanings to lexical words of any kind.<ref name="Sackmann 2006" /><ref name="Lieb 1979c" /><ref name="Lieb 1980k" /><ref name="Lieb 1992c" /><ref name="Lieb 1992b">Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. 1992. "Integrational Linguistics: Outline of a theory of language". In: Hans-Heinrich Lieb (ed.). ''Prospects for a New Structuralism''. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: Benjamins. (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 96). 127–182.</ref>
A conception is a mental state, and a perception a mental event, located in the brain of an individual. By identifying concepts not with such mental entities but with (extra-mental) properties of mental entities, Integrational Lexical Semantics can account for the potential [[intersubjectivity]] of concepts, a problem that any psychological meaning conception must face: while perceptions and conceptions are tied to an individual, a concept may well be a property shared by perceptions or conceptions located in different individuals.
Lexical meaning composition is based on morphosemantic composition functions whose arguments
are (''n''-tuples of) concepts and whose values are again concepts. Such semantic functions occur in
the semantic content of morphological functions such as morphological complement, modifier, and nucleus, and operate on the basis of (morphological or semantic) application conditions.
In Integrational Sentence Semantics, sentence meanings are construed as intensional relations between potential utterances and potential speakers. For any syntactic unit that has a sentence meaning, the meanings of the unit jointly represent a necessary condition for successful utterances of the unit. Each (simple) sentence meaning consists of at least (i) a referential part: a set containing exactly one 'referential meaning' for each [[referential expression]] of the syntactic unit; (ii) a propositional part: a pair consisting of a directive part (determining a speech act type) and a proposition; and (iii) a propositional background, consisting of what the speaker co-expresses with the proposition. The referential part and the propositional background of a sentence meaning may be empty.
Syntactic meaning composition is based on semantic composition functions associated with (i) the syntactic functions in an idiolect system, by the 'syntactic function interpretation,' (ii) with syntactic categories like tense or definiteness categories, by the 'syntactic category interpretation' (both are components of the sentence-semantic part of the idiolect system). Syntactic meaning composition starts from the lexical meanings of the primitive constituents in a syntactic quadruple: 'basic syntactic meanings' are pairs of a concept, assigned to a primitive constituent by the lexical interpretation, and a 'contextual embedding' of the concept that involves potential speakers and utterances. Next, basic syntactic meanings are transformed into 'intermediate syntactic meanings' for non-primitive constituents by means of syntactic-semantic composition functions that are associated in the idiolect system with syntactic functions such as complement and modifier. Finally, the intermediate (and, possibly, basic) meanings are further processed by semantic functions that are associated with the syntactic nucleus function, so as to yield 'complete syntactic meanings,' which are either referential meanings or sentence meanings.<ref name="Sackmann 2006" /><ref name="Lieb 1979c" /><ref name="Lieb 1980k" /><ref name="Lieb 1992c" /><ref name="Lieb 1992b" />
It appears that Integrational Sentence Semantics combines the meaning-as-use tradition in seman-
tics (relating sentence meanings to speakers and utterances) with features of the psychological tradition (lexical meanings as concepts in a psychological sense, speaker attitudes as essential to sentence meanings) and with features of the realist tradition (e.g., extra-mental status of lexical and of syntactic meanings, the compositionality principle for complex meanings).
==References==
<references/>
==Further reading==
* Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. 1983. ''Integrational Linguistics. Vol. 1: General Outline''. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: Benjamins. (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 17).
* Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. 1992. "Integrational Linguistics: Outline of a theory of language". In: Hans-Heinrich Lieb (ed.). ''Prospects for a New Structuralism''. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: Benjamins. (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 96.) 127–182.
* Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. 1992. "Integrational Semantics: An integrative view of linguistic meaning". In: Maxim Stamenov (ed.). ''Current Advances in Semantic Theory''. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: Benjamins. (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 73). 239–268.
* Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. 1993. "Integrational Linguistics". In: Joachim Jacobs, Arnim von Stechow, Wolfgang Sternefeld, and Theo Vennemann (eds). ''Syntax: Ein internationales Handbuch zeitgenössischer Forschung / An International Handbook of Contemporary Research''. Vol.1. Berlin etc.: de Gruyter. (= Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft 9.1). 430–468.
* Lieb, Hans-Heinrich. 2008. "The case for two-level phonology: German Obstruent Tensing and Nasal Alternation in French". In: Robin Sackmann (ed.). ''Explorations in Integrational Linguistics: four essays on German, French, and Guaraní. (Studies in Integrational Linguistics, 1)''. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: Benjamins. (= Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 285). 21–96.
[[Category:Grammar frameworks]]
[[Category:Theories of language]]
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# Lake Fork Gunnison River
Lake Fork Gunnison River (or Lake Fork) is a 64.7-mile-long (104.1 km) tributary of the Gunnison River in Colorado. The river's source is Sloan Lake near Handies Peak in the San Juan Mountains of Hinsdale County. Lake Fork flows through Lake San Cristobal and Lake City before a confluence with the Gunnison River in Blue Mesa Reservoir.
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{{Infobox river
| name = Lake Fork Gunnison River<ref name=GNIS>{{cite gnis|id= 188198 |name=Lake Fork|accessdate= 2011-02-04}}</ref>
| image = Lake Fork Gunnison River.JPG
| image_size = 275px
| image_alt =
| image_caption = The river in [[Lake City, Colorado|Lake City]].
| map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| source1_location = Sloan Lake
| source1_coordinates = {{coord|37|54|16|N|107|30|49|W}}
| mouth_location = Confluence with [[Gunnison River]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|38|27|38|N|107|19|19|W|display=inline,title}}
| progression = [[Gunnison River|Gunnison]]—[[Colorado River|Colorado]]
| length =
| source1_elevation = {{convert|12910|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|7523|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_avg =
| basin_size =
| river_system =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
}}
'''Lake Fork Gunnison River''' (or Lake Fork) is a '''{{convert|64.7|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}}'''<ref name=NHD>U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. [http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ The National Map] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329155652/http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |date=2012-03-29 }}, accessed March 18, 2011</ref> tributary of the [[Gunnison River]] in [[Colorado]]. The river's source is Sloan Lake near [[Handies Peak]] in the [[San Juan Mountains]] of [[Hinsdale County, Colorado|Hinsdale County]]. Lake Fork flows through [[Lake San Cristobal]] and [[Lake City, Colorado|Lake City]] before a [[confluence]] with the Gunnison River in [[Blue Mesa Reservoir]].
==See also==
*[[List of rivers of Colorado]]
*[[List of tributaries of the Colorado River]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Gunnison River]]
[[Category:Rivers of Colorado]]
[[Category:Rivers of Gunnison County, Colorado]]
[[Category:Rivers of Hinsdale County, Colorado]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Colorado River in Colorado]]
{{Colorado-river-stub}}
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[{"title": "Physical characteristics", "data": {"\u2022 location": ["Sloan Lake", "Confluence with Gunnison River"], "\u2022 coordinates": ["37\u00b054\u203216\u2033N 107\u00b030\u203249\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff37.90444\u00b0N 107.51361\u00b0W", "38\u00b027\u203238\u2033N 107\u00b019\u203219\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff38.46056\u00b0N 107.32194\u00b0W"], "\u2022 elevation": ["12,910 ft (3,930 m)", "7,523 ft (2,293 m)"]}}, {"title": "Basin features", "data": {"Progression": "Gunnison\u2014Colorado"}}]
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# Pusheen
Pusheen is a cartoon cat who is the subject of comic strips, plush toys, vinyl figures, sticker sets, and more, on Tumblr, Facebook, Instagram, iMessage, YouTube, and other social media platforms. Pusheen was created in 2010 by Claire Belton and Andrew Duff for a comic strip on their website, Everyday Cute. More recently, the Pusheen character has been used in social media posts, and on the Pusheen blog.
On the official Pusheen website (Pusheen.com), Pusheen is described as being a female fictional cat who loves blogging, snacking, and going on adventures. The original comic strip series included characters modeled after Belton, Duff, their dog named Carm (short for "Carmen"), and Pusheen, a chubby grey tabby cat based on Belton's cat that now lives with her parents in Oregon, Illinois. Pusheen's name stems from the word puisín, which means kitten in Irish. Occasionally, Pusheen and her sister Stormy are drawn in different themes, such as Pusheenosaurus Rex, where Pusheen is a dinosaur and Stormy is in a dinosaur egg. She also appears in other cute and comical forms, such as Pusheenicorn, Purrmaid, and many other themes. Pusheen has a mom named Sunflower, a dad named Biscuit, a sister named Stormy, a brother named Pip, and an array of furry friends, including Sloth the sloth, Bo the parakeet, and Cheek the hamster.
## History
Pusheen first appeared in May 2010 in the comic strip Pusheen Things on Claire Belton and Andrew Duff's website, Everyday Cute. Belton is an illustrator and entrepreneur, best known for creating Pusheen, along with several related cartoon characters. She is president of Pusheen Corp in Chicago, Illinois.
In 2011, Belton and Duff launched a spin-off site dedicated to Pusheen. In 2013, Belton published I Am Pusheen The Cat, a collection of comic strips featuring Pusheen. In 2021, Belton published a sequel, The Many Lives of Pusheen the Cat.
Pusheen has become well known for appearing in sticker sets on Facebook, wherein stickers are images that can be attached to personal messages or comments. The stickers feature, including a set of Pusheen stickers, was introduced to Android in April 2013, and subsequently added to the main Facebook website in July. In an article for PC Magazine on emoji and unicode, Sascha Segan called Pusheen Facebook's "proprietary emoji", used as a form of vendor lock-in. In April 2017, the Pusheen Corporation acquired office space in Park Ridge, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. The offices are used as a workspace for artists and photographers.
On February 18, 2025, Pusheen celebrated her 15th birthday.
## Social media
Pusheen is an example of the popularity of cats on the Internet. An exhibition at the New York City Museum of the Moving Image examined the phenomenon, highlighting Pusheen alongside other celebrity cats such as Grumpy Cat and Lil Bub. Pusheen's Facebook page has over 9.2 million fans as of February 2019. The brand has expanded with merchandise, including an app. Pusheen has expanded to take part in multiple social media platforms, including Instagram, Pinterest, and Twitter. She also has many fan pages within the platforms, as well as blogs dedicated to celebrating the comic. Her popularity has allowed the Pusheen Corporation to create an app that is an expansion of the sticker collection that started on Facebook. Each social media account owned by Pusheen's creators has gained over a million followers. Due to this rise in popularity, the company has started releasing GIFs on its website several times a month.
The Pusheen GIFs on Facebook include Pusheens resembling desserts. They also have Pusheens eating food such as pizza and donuts. Pusheens are even used at sign-in tables for events in Bellingham, Washington, often on the sign displaying the activity name. LaVenture Middle School in Mount Vernon, Washington sold Pusheen posters at a Scholastic book fair to raise funding. Pusheen.com has a self-quiz to show what kind of Pusheen fan you are.
There are Youtube videos featuring Pusheen on the official Pusheen Youtube channel.
## Merchandising
The Pusheen corporation started selling Pusheen merchandise after her popularity took off in 2010. The first Pusheen merchandise was sold on the Everyday Cute website as a charm keychain and necklace. From there, the merchandising expanded. In 2014, Gund developed an interest in Pusheen and became the manufacturer of her plush toys and blind boxes. Pusheen Corp has teamed up with many brands to create and sell merchandise in stores, including retailer-specific items. Pusheen Corp has many current retailers, including Hot Topic, Books-A-Million, Barnes & Noble, Claire's, Petco, Walmart, Target, FYE, and Gund. Pusheen also has a Funko Pop! line that consists of various styles of vinyl figures. Pusheen Corp expanded its merchandising to the website formerly known as Hey Chickadee, rebranded as The Pusheen Shop in 2019. The site features merchandise collections dedicated to Pusheen, including plush toys, clothing, home decor, and accessories. A quarterly subscription box, called the Pusheen Box, filled with Pusheen Products, is also available. In 2022, the video game Fall Guys collaborated with her. In 2023, the video game Among Us collaborated with her, too.
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Pusheen
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{{Short description|Fictional cat and accompanying universe}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox character
| name = Pusheen the cat
| image = Pusheen_the_Cat.png
| image_size = 200px
| creator = Claire Belton
| first_date = 2010
| gender = Female
| relatives = Stormy (Little Sister); Pip (Little Brother); Sunflower (Mum); Biscuit (Dad)
}}
'''Pusheen''' is a [[cartoon]] [[cat]] who is the subject of comic strips, plush toys, vinyl figures, sticker sets, and more, on [[Tumblr]], [[Facebook]], [[Instagram]], [[iMessage]], [[YouTube]], and other social media platforms. Pusheen was created in 2010 by Claire Belton and Andrew Duff for a comic strip on their website, Everyday Cute. More recently, the Pusheen character has been used in social media posts, and on the Pusheen blog.
On the official Pusheen website (Pusheen.com), Pusheen is described as being a female fictional cat who loves blogging, snacking, and going on adventures. The original comic strip series included characters modeled after Belton, Duff, their dog named Carm (short for "Carmen"), and Pusheen, a chubby grey tabby cat based on Belton's cat that now lives with her parents in [[Oregon, Illinois]]. Pusheen's name stems from the word {{lang|ga|[[Wiktionary:puisín|puisín]]}}, which means kitten in [[Gaelic language|Irish]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Peters|first=Lucia|date=19 December 2018|title=A Pusheen Cafe Is Opening & You Will Want Every Adorable Thing On The Menu|work=[[Bustle (magazine)|Bustle]]|url=https://www.bustle.com/p/a-pusheen-cafe-is-opening-in-singapore-the-food-is-too-cute-for-words-15549365|access-date=20 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=29 May 2018 |title=Pop Culture Dictionary: Pusheen |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/pusheen/ |access-date=20 December 2021 |website=[[Dictionary.com]]}}</ref> Occasionally, Pusheen and her sister Stormy are drawn in different themes, such as Pusheenosaurus Rex, where Pusheen is a dinosaur and Stormy is in a dinosaur egg. She also appears in other cute and comical forms, such as Pusheenicorn, Purrmaid, and many other themes. Pusheen has a mom named Sunflower, a dad named Biscuit, a sister named Stormy, a brother named Pip, and an array of furry friends, including Sloth the sloth, Bo the parakeet, and Cheek the hamster.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pusheen: Characters |url=https://pusheen.com/characters//}}</ref>
==History==
Pusheen first appeared in May 2010 in the comic strip ''Pusheen Things'' on Claire Belton and Andrew Duff's website, Everyday Cute.<ref name="Everyday Cute">{{cite web|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101122085815/http://everydaycute.com/?p=25|url=http://everydaycute.com/?p=25 |title= Comic 1: Pusheen Things|publisher=Everyday Cute |date=May 2010 |archive-date=22 November 2010 |url-status=dead|access-date=24 February 2016}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Belton is an illustrator and entrepreneur, best known for creating Pusheen, along with several related cartoon characters.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mosendz |first1=Polly |title=How An Internet Cat Craze Became A Toy Empire |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-03-14/how-an-internet-cat-craze-became-a-toy-empire |accessdate=11 June 2019 |publisher=Bloomberg |date=14 March 2016}}</ref> She is president of Pusheen Corp in [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]].<ref name="book">{{cite web |title=Claire Belton |url=https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/authors/Claire-Belton/412892497 |website=Simon & Schuster |accessdate=11 June 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611055820/https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/authors/Claire-Belton/412892497 |archivedate=11 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Jennifer |title=Pusheen Corp. looks to open third office in Uptown Park Ridge |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/park-ridge/ct-prh-pusheen-expansion-tl-0503-story.html |accessdate=11 June 2019 |publisher=Chicago Tribune |date=29 April 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529124024/https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/park-ridge/ct-prh-pusheen-expansion-tl-0503-story.html |archivedate=29 May 2019}}</ref>
In 2011, Belton and Duff launched a spin-off site dedicated to Pusheen. In 2013, Belton published ''I Am Pusheen The Cat'', a collection of comic strips featuring Pusheen.<ref name="InStyle">{{cite web|url=https://www.instyle.com/news/whats-right-meow-meet-internets-most-famous-kitty-pusheen-cat|title=What's Right Meow: Meet the Internet's Most Famous Kitty, Pusheen the Cat |first=Kelsey |last=Glein |publisher=[[InStyle]] |date=2 April 2014 |access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> In 2021, Belton published a sequel, ''The Many Lives of Pusheen the Cat.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Many Lives of Pusheen the Cat |url=https://pusheen.com/the-many-lives-of-pusheen-the-cat/}}</ref>
Pusheen has become well known for appearing in [[Sticker (Internet)|sticker]] sets on [[Facebook]], wherein stickers are images that can be attached to personal messages or comments.<ref name=":0" /> The stickers feature, including a set of Pusheen stickers, was introduced to [[Android (operating system)|Android]] in April 2013, and subsequently added to the main Facebook website in July.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pcmag.com/news/facebook-stickers-now-available-on-the-web|title=Facebook Stickers Now Available On the Web |first=Abigail |last=Wang |publisher=[[PC Magazine]] |date=3 July 2013 |access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref> In an article for ''PC Magazine'' on [[emoji]] and [[unicode]], Sascha Segan called Pusheen Facebook's "proprietary emoji", used as a form of [[vendor lock-in]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pcmag.com/opinions/bring-on-the-new-emoji |title=Bring On the Emoji |first=Sascha|last=Segan |publisher=[[PC Magazine]] |date=22 May 2015 |access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref> In April 2017, the Pusheen Corporation acquired office space in [[Park Ridge, Illinois]], a suburb of Chicago. The offices are used as a workspace for artists and photographers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/park-ridge/ct-prh-prospect-office-tl-0413-20170407-story.html|title=Pusheen gets green light for office in Uptown Park Ridge|last=Johnson|first=Jennifer|publisher=[[Chicago Tribune]]|access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref>
On February 18, 2025, Pusheen celebrated her 15th birthday.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=Pusheen |number=1891865374716547113 |title=Pusheen's 15th birthday tweet}}</ref>
==Social media==
Pusheen is an example of the popularity of [[Cats and the Internet|cats on the Internet]].<ref name=":0" /> An exhibition at the New York City [[Museum of the Moving Image (New York City)|Museum of the Moving Image]] examined the phenomenon, highlighting Pusheen alongside other celebrity cats such as [[Grumpy Cat]] and [[Lil Bub]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theweek.co.uk/64480/cats-on-the-internet-to-star-in-new-york-museum-exhibition |title=Cats on the internet to star in New York museum exhibition |publisher=[[The Week]] |date=22 July 2015 |access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref> Pusheen's Facebook page has over 9.2 million fans as of February 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title = The True History of Pusheen, the Animated GIF Cat That's Taking Over Facebook | author=Matt Keeley | date=23 February 2016 | url = https://wp.hornet.com/stories/pusheen-history/|website = Hornet|access-date = 22 April 2020}}</ref> The brand has expanded with merchandise, including an app. Pusheen has expanded to take part in multiple social media platforms, including [[Instagram]], [[Pinterest]], and [[Twitter]]. She also has many fan pages within the platforms, as well as blogs<ref>{{cite web |title=Pusheen blog article |url=https://www.malinaila.pl/2018/06/paznokcie-pusheen.html |website=MaliNaila |date=30 June 2018 |access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> dedicated to celebrating the comic. Her popularity has allowed the Pusheen Corporation to create an app that is an expansion of the sticker collection that started on Facebook. Each social media account owned by Pusheen's creators has gained over a million followers. Due to this rise in popularity, the company has started releasing GIFs on its website several times a month.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}
The Pusheen GIFs on Facebook include Pusheens resembling desserts. They also have Pusheens eating food such as pizza and donuts. Pusheens are even used at sign-in tables for events in Bellingham, Washington, often on the sign displaying the activity name. LaVenture Middle School in Mount Vernon, Washington sold Pusheen posters at a Scholastic book fair to raise funding. Pusheen.com has a self-quiz to show what kind of Pusheen fan you are.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pusheen : How Big of a Pusheen Fan Are You? |url=https://pusheen.com/how-well-do-you-know-pusheen/ |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=pusheen.com}}</ref>
There are Youtube videos featuring Pusheen on the official Pusheen Youtube channel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pusheen the Cat - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFWi9aUuK7oFksfbWObwcIQ |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref>
== Merchandising ==
The Pusheen corporation started selling Pusheen merchandise after her popularity took off in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://everydaycute.com/?p=170|title=Everyday Cute » Blog Archive » The shop is up!|date=28 October 2010|access-date=22 September 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223132134/http://everydaycute.com/?p=170|archive-date=23 February 2011}}</ref> The first Pusheen merchandise was sold on the Everyday Cute website as a charm keychain and necklace. From there, the merchandising expanded. In 2014, [[Gund]] developed an interest in Pusheen and became the manufacturer of her plush toys and blind boxes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/how-an-internet-cat-craze-became-a-toy-empire-1287225|title=How An Internet Cat Craze Became A Toy Empire|website=NDTV.com|access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref> Pusheen Corp has teamed up with many brands to create and sell merchandise in stores, including retailer-specific items. Pusheen Corp has many current retailers, including [[Hot Topic]], [[Books-A-Million]], [[Barnes & Noble]], [[Claire's]], [[Petco]], [[Walmart]], [[Target Corporation|Target]], [[FYE (retailer)|FYE]], and [[Gund]]. Pusheen also has a [[Funko]] Pop! line that consists of various styles of vinyl figures. Pusheen Corp expanded its merchandising to the website formerly known as ''Hey Chickadee'', rebranded as ''The Pusheen Shop'' in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/ThePusheenShop/posts/2445197422203235|title=Hey Chickadee is now The Pusheen Shop!|website=Facebook|access-date=9 September 2019}}</ref> The site features merchandise collections dedicated to Pusheen, including plush toys, clothing, home decor, and accessories.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shop.pusheen.com/collections/pusheen|title=Pusheen Shop|access-date=22 April 2020}}</ref> A quarterly subscription box, called the ''Pusheen Box'', filled with Pusheen Products, is also available.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pusheenbox.com/|title=Pusheen Box}}</ref> In 2022, the video game ''[[Fall Guys]]'' collaborated with her.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schomer |first=Matthew |date=2024-05-10 |title=Among Us Reveals Update Plans With 2024 Roadmap |url=https://gamerant.com/among-us-2024-roadmap-update-plans/ |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Game Rant |language=en}}</ref> In 2023, the video game ''[[Among Us]]'' collaborated with her, too.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frushtick |first=Russ |date=2022-07-12 |title=Pusheen the adorable cartoon cat arriving in Fall Guys this week |url=https://www.polygon.com/23205348/pusheen-fall-guys-collab-crossover-cosmetics |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{Official website}}
[[Category:Internet memes introduced in 2010]]
[[Category:Comics about anthropomorphic cats]]
[[Category:2010s webcomics]]
[[Category:2020s webcomics]]
[[Category:Fictional cats]]
[[Category:Anthropomorphic cats]]
[[Category:Comics characters introduced in 2010]]
[[Category:Internet meme characters]]
| 1,276,441,167
|
[{"title": "Pusheen the cat", "data": {"First appearance": "2010", "Created by": "Claire Belton"}}, {"title": "In-universe information", "data": {"Gender": "Female", "Relatives": "Stormy (Little Sister); Pip (Little Brother); Sunflower (Mum); Biscuit (Dad)"}}]
| false
|
# Modalities (sociology)
Modalities are fundamental to understanding the concept behind structuration. According to Anthony Giddens, modalities explain the properties of the structure. The structure is said to have both structural and individual qualities. Giddens refers to these structural modalities as "rules" and "resources" respectively. In application, Giddens is separating himself from other structuralists by acknowledging the enabling functions that the structure provides.
A case of a "rule" is the act of obeying a law. That is, there are limits that the structure places on agency causing the agent to act in a certain way. In this respect the structure is imposing restrictions upon the agent in order to accomplish societal norms. Norms, however, have changed in the past and are under constant manipulation by the society through the use of structural "resources". Civil laws can and have been overturned or rewritten in the past. Laws that have limited human liberties, can be overturned as there exists "resources", e.g. lawyers who can present a case for social reform. It could also be the process of judicial review itself.
Giddens suggests that it is these modalities that illustrate his reliance on the duality of structure because it presents a case where knowledgeable individuals can use the resources available to them to change policies, standards or norms that the structure imposes upon them.
|
enwiki/8433573
|
enwiki
| 8,433,573
|
Modalities (sociology)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modalities_(sociology)
|
2021-07-12T05:24:28Z
|
en
|
Q6888026
| 15,307
|
{{Short description|Key concept in structuration theory}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=August 2020}}
'''Modalities''' are fundamental to understanding the concept behind [[structuration]]. According to [[Anthony Giddens]], modalities explain the properties of the [[social structure|structure]]. The structure is said to have both structural and individual qualities. Giddens refers to these structural modalities as "rules" and "resources" respectively. In application, Giddens is separating himself from other structuralists by acknowledging the enabling functions that the structure provides.
A case of a "rule" is the act of obeying a law. That is, there are limits that the structure places on [[agency (sociology)|agency]] causing the agent to act in a certain way. In this respect the structure is imposing restrictions upon the agent in order to accomplish societal norms. Norms, however, have changed in the past and are under constant manipulation by the society through the use of structural "resources". Civil laws can and have been overturned or rewritten in the past. Laws that have limited human liberties, can be overturned as there exists "resources", e.g. lawyers who can present a case for social reform. It could also be the process of [[judicial review]] itself.
Giddens suggests that it is these modalities that illustrate his reliance on the duality of structure because it presents a case where knowledgeable individuals can use the resources available to them to change policies, standards or norms that the structure imposes upon them.
== See also ==
* [[Duality of structure]]
==References==
*{{cite book|author1=Christopher Bryant|author2=David Jary|title=Giddens' Theory of Structuration: A Critical Appreciation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pqy3AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10|date=3 June 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-82922-5|pages=10–}}
[[Category:Critical theory]]
{{critical-theory-stub}}
| 1,033,190,900
|
[]
| false
|
# Port Harcourt Golf Club
The Port Harcourt Golf Club is a public golf club established in 1928. It is one of oldest golf clubs in Nigeria with an 18-hole, par 70, 5,968 yard (5,457 m) course. It was designed by Thomas Collins.
The golf club is located at 31A Forces Avenue, Old GRA, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Over the years, the club has played host to both local and national golf tournaments.
|
enwiki/50332185
|
enwiki
| 50,332,185
|
Port Harcourt Golf Club
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Harcourt_Golf_Club
|
2023-05-03T07:26:30Z
|
en
|
Q24185259
| 47,796
|
{{Short description|Public golf club in Nigeria}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox golf facility
|name = Port Harcourt Golf Club
|image=
|imagesize=
|caption =
|location = 31A Forces Avenue, [[Old GRA, Port Harcourt]], [[Rivers State]]
|establishment = 1928
|type = Public
|owner = [[Government of Rivers State]]
|operator = <!-- name of organization/company -->
|holes = 18
|tournaments = [[Port Harcourt Classic]]
|website =
|course1 =
|designer1 = Thomas Collins
|par1 = 70
|length1 = 5,968 yards (5,457 m)
|rating1 =
|record1 =
|image2 =
|imagesize2=
|caption2 =
}}
The '''Port Harcourt Golf Club''' is a public golf club established in 1928. It is one of oldest golf clubs in Nigeria with an 18-hole, par 70, 5,968 yard (5,457 m) course.<ref name="pgc">{{cite news|title= Port Harcourt Golf Club Hails Heritage Bank Support|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201412110945.html|accessdate=26 April 2016|work=[[Thisday]]|date=11 December 2014|via=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> It was designed by Thomas Collins.
The golf club is located at 31A Forces Avenue, [[Old GRA, Port Harcourt]], [[Rivers State]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Port Harcourt Golf Club|url=http://www.worldgolf.com/courses/nigeria/port-harcourt-golf-club.html|accessdate= 26 April 2016|website=Worldgolf.com}}</ref> Over the years, the club has played host to both local and national golf tournaments.<ref name="pgc"/>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.phclubgolf.com phclubgolf.com]
{{Port Harcourt}}
[[Category:Golf clubs and courses in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Port Harcourt]]
[[Category:Landmarks in Port Harcourt]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1928]]
[[Category:Old GRA, Port Harcourt]]
[[Category:1928 establishments in Nigeria]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in Nigeria]]
{{RiversState-geo-stub}}
{{Golfcourse-stub}}
| 1,152,941,794
|
[{"title": "Port Harcourt Golf Club", "data": {"Location": "31A Forces Avenue, Old GRA, Port Harcourt, Rivers State", "Established": "1928", "Type": "Public", "Owned by": "Government of Rivers State", "Total holes": "18", "Events hosted": "Port Harcourt Classic"}}, {"title": "Port Harcourt Golf Club", "data": {"Designed by": "Thomas Collins", "Par": "70", "Length": "5,968 yards (5,457 m)"}}]
| false
|
# Malinda Abhishek
Malinda Abhishek (born 17 October 1998) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut for Police Sports Club in the 2018–19 SLC Twenty20 Tournament on 16 February 2019. He made his List A debut on 1 April 2021, for Burgher Recreation Club in the 2020–21 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament.
|
enwiki/67289613
|
enwiki
| 67,289,613
|
Malinda Abhishek
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malinda_Abhishek
|
2025-01-15T22:57:11Z
|
en
|
Q106352008
| 25,530
|
{{Short description|Sri Lankan cricketer (born 1998)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Malinda Abhishek
| image =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1998|10|17|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting =
| bowling =
| role =
| club1 =
| year1 =
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 =
| year2 =
| clubnumber2 =
| date = 3 April 2021
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1175056.html Cricinfo
}}
'''Malinda Abhishek''' (born 17 October 1998) is a Sri Lankan [[cricket]]er.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1175056.html |title=Malinda Abhishek |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=3 April 2021}}</ref> He made his [[Twenty20]] debut for [[Sri Lanka Police Sports Club (cricket)|Police Sports Club]] in the [[2018–19 SLC Twenty20 Tournament]] on 16 February 2019.<ref name="T20">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1174759.html |title=Group B, SLC Twenty-20 Tournament at Panagoda, Feb 16 2019 |accessdate=16 February 2019 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> He made his [[List A cricket|List A]] debut on 1 April 2021, for [[Burgher Recreation Club]] in the [[2020–21 Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament]].<ref name="LA">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1256135.html |title=Group A, Colombo, Apr 1 2021, Major Clubs Limited Over Tournament |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=3 April 2021}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=1175056}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Abhishek, Malinda}}
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan cricketers]]
[[Category:Burgher Recreation Club cricketers]]
[[Category:Sri Lanka Police Sports Club cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Colombo]]
[[Category:21st-century Sri Lankan sportsmen]]
{{SriLanka-cricket-bio-1990s-stub}}
| 1,269,697,338
|
[{"title": "Malinda Abhishek", "data": {"Born": "17 October 1998 \u00b7 Colombo, Sri Lanka"}}]
| false
|
# Love's Long Journey
Love's Long Journey is a 2005 made-for-television Christian drama film based very loosely on a series of books by Janette Oke. It was directed by Michael Landon Jr. and was originally aired on Hallmark Channel on December 3, 2005.
It is the third movie in the Love Saga, which includes Love Comes Softly (2003), Love's Enduring Promise (2004), Love's Abiding Joy (2006), Love's Unending Legacy (2007), Love's Unfolding Dream (2007), Love Takes Wing (2009), and Love Finds a Home (2009), as well as the 2011 prequels, Love Begins and Love's Everlasting Courage and was produced for Hallmark by Larry Levinson Productions.
## Synopsis
After lots of planning and dreaming, young couple Willie LaHaye (Logan Bartholomew) and Missie LaHaye (Erin Cottrell) have headed West on the Wagon Trail, leaving behind the hometown of Missie's parents. Missie is caught between the excitement of the new adventure and the pain of not knowing when she'll see her family again. Willie and Missie leave the Wagon Train and travel further West to Tettsford Junction. When they get there, they meet a boy called Jeff and his older brother Sonny who they see riding into town with two other outlaws. Unknown to Jeff, Sonny's 'job' is being part of a gang of outlaws and hijacking and stealing from innocent people.
When Willie and Missie arrive on their new farm, the tiny house is old and run down, but Missie is happy because it is the first home they can call their own. Missie is worried that Willie is working too hard on their new farm, and she doesn't find the right time to tell him of her pregnancy. Later on, they are riding over their land together, and they see Native Americans, and Willie fears for Missie's safety. They find a good place between the trees to bury their money box of hard-earned savings, and Missie draws a map to mark out the spot. Later on in town, Willie interviews a few men and hires four ranch hands, Henry, Cookie, Fyn, and Scottie. Meanwhile, Missie meets one of their neighbors, a Native American woman named Miriam Red Hawk McClain who becomes her friend.
When Missie is riding over to the Native camp to take books and teach the children how to read, a group of hunters from the camp close in on her and chase her at a gallop back to the camp just for a bit of fun, and Miriam comes out and apologized deeply and introduces her brother Sharp Claw, and her husband Sean. Willie finds out that Missie was riding out alone and fearing that the Indians might have chased her, he rides straight away to the Indian camp to find her. Back at the house, Willie is mad that Missie rode out on her own, and he forbids her to do it again. But she refuses and tells Willie that she believes the Lord sent Miriam to her to help deliver their baby, and Willie tells her he is the happiest man alive.
The next day, Sonny is teaching Jeff how to rope when Trent and Pacey have someone else they want to rob and Sonny has to leave Jeff again. The next day is Christmas Day and Missie invites the ranch hands to Christmas dinner and they are all touched because they have not had Christmas dinner for many years. In town, Jeff asks Missie to read him a note Sonny sent him and it says that Sonny will be back after Christmas, and Jeff runs off, knowing he will have to have Christmas by himself. That night Missie and the ranch hands are all in the house decorating the Christmas tree. Willie is still in town and when he finally comes back Missie is mad at him because it is Christmas Eve, but then she realizes he was so late because he brought Jeff back with him. Fyn lifts Jeff up and he puts the star on top of the Christmas tree. Then they have a big dinner and open their presents and Scotty is very touched because it is the first Christmas present he had ever got.
The next day Sonny and the others come back into town and Jeff is delighted to see Sonny again. That night in the saloon, the ranch hands are having drinks and playing cards and Trent and Pacey come up and Fyn says that Willie "digs up a box of money to pay us, just like buried treasure." Trent and Pacey immediately get the idea to rob Willie.
When Willie, Missie, Jeff, and Henry are having a Sunday morning meeting, Sonny, Trent, and Pacey hijack the house to get Willie's money. Willie and the ranch hands are tied to a fence and held at gun point by Sonny and Pacey, while Missie is forced to ride out with Trent and dig up their buried money. Willie tells Sonny to tell Jeff "what you really does for a living, stealing from innocent people. Probably been involved in a murder or two." Jeff urges Sonny to tell Willie that he is wrong and he's never killed anyone, and Sonny tells Jeff that he's "never killed nobody," and that he's doing this for him, to build a ranch of their own, to get a better life for them.
Out in the woods, Missie finds a pistol underneath the money box, and she points it at Trent and shoots straight through the middle of the note he's holding. Back at the house, Willie hears the shots and finally frees himself, running at Pacey and knocks him to the ground. But Sonny runs over to help Pacey, and they soon have Willie tied up on the ground again. A rider gallops up, presumably Trent, with no Missie in sight. Jeff desperately asks Sonny if Missie is ok, and Sonny yells at the rider, saying that Missie better not be hurt. But the rider suddenly points a pistol at Pacey's back and pulls down the face-covering bandana; everyone is stunned to see that it is Missie, who had taken over Trent and put his coat and hat on, leaving him tied up to a tree near the money box. Missie orders Sonny to untie Willie, and then Willie picks up a gun and tells Sonny to "tie up Pacey, just like you did to us, and then maybe we'll ask the Lord to spare your life." But when Sonny went to tie up Pacey, Pacey said, "Let me help you with that," as he pulled a gun from his pocket and shot Sonny. Willie immediately shoots Pacey in the shoulder while Missie, Jeff, and Fyn run over to Sonny, who asks for their forgiveness for everything he's done. Missie forgives him, knowing that he isn't a bad man underneath and he only stole to support his little brother, and she promises to look after Jeff. Shortly after, Sonny passes away.
That night Missie goes into labor, and with Miriam as her midwife, she gives birth to a baby boy named Matthew Isiah LaHaye, after Willie's brother Mathew who died when they were kids.
## Cast
| Actor | Role |
| ------------------- | ------------------------- |
| Erin Cottrell | Missie LaHaye |
| Logan Bartholomew | Willie LaHaye |
| Frank McRae | Cookie |
| Irene Bedard | Miriam "Red Hawk" McClain |
| Gil Birmingham | Sharp Claw |
| W. Morgan Sheppard | Scottie |
| James Tupper | Henry Kline |
| Johann Urb | Fyn Anders |
| Jeff Kober | Pacey |
| Richard Lee Jackson | Sonny Huff |
| Graham Phillips | Jeff Huff |
| Stephen Bridgewater | Mr. Taylorsen |
| Diane Salinger | Diane Louise Salinger |
| John Savage | Trent |
| Dale Midkiff | Clark Davis |
## Differences from the novel
- In the novel, while Willie goes on out to the homestead, Missie stays with the Taylorsons in Tettsford Junction for 3 months so she can be near a doctor when she delivers her baby. Willie's ranch in the novel is a 6-day wagon trip from Tettsford Junction. A new town is later built near the ranch in Love's Abiding Joy
- Willie and Missie name their son Nathan Isaiah in the novel. Nathan is the middle name of both Willie and Clark; Isaiah is after the Bible verse they memorized for the journey west. Nathan Isaiah is the name shown in the films end-credits, instead of Matthew Isaiah, the name in the film.
- There is no Sonny or Jeff in the novel. There is also no native family living near the Ranch. The novel depicts a family of Mexicans.
## Awards
The following people received "Camie Awards" in 2006 for their role in making the film:
- Larry Levinson (executive producer)
- Brian Gordon (producer)
- Erik Olson (producer)
- Michael Landon Jr. (director & screenwriter)
- Cindy Kelley (screenwriter)
- Janette Oke (author of book)
- Erin Cottrell (actress)
- Logan Bartholomew (actor)
|
enwiki/10943778
|
enwiki
| 10,943,778
|
Love's Long Journey
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love%27s_Long_Journey
|
2024-12-22T01:38:42Z
|
en
|
Q9024484
| 42,763
|
{{Infobox television
| image = Love's Long Journey.jpg
| image_size = 200
| image_alt =
| caption =
| genre =
| creator =
| based_on =
| writer = Douglas Lloyd Mcintosh<br />Cindy Kelly<br />[[Michael Landon Jr.]]<br />[[Janette Oke]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| director = [[Michael Landon Jr.]]
| starring = [[Erin Cottrell]]<br>[[Logan Bartholomew]]<br>[[John Savage (actor)|John Savage]]<br>[[Dale Midkiff]]
| narrated =
| theme_music_composer = [[Kevin Kiner]]
| country = United States
| language = English
| num_episodes =
| producer = Brian Gordon<br />Erik Olson
| editor = Andrew Vona
| cinematography =
| runtime = 88 min
| company =
| budget =
| network = [[Hallmark Channel]]
| released = {{Start date|2005|12|03}}
| related = {{Plainlist|
* ''[[Love's Enduring Promise]]''
* ''[[Love's Abiding Joy]]''
}}
}}
'''''Love's Long Journey''''' is a 2005 [[television film|made-for-television]] [[Christianity|Christian]] [[drama (film and television)|drama film]] based very loosely on a series of books by [[Janette Oke]]. It was directed by [[Michael Landon Jr.]] and was originally aired on [[Hallmark Channel]] on December 3, 2005.
It is the third movie in the Love Saga, which includes ''[[Love Comes Softly]]'' (2003), ''[[Love's Enduring Promise]]'' (2004), ''[[Love's Abiding Joy]]'' (2006), ''[[Love's Unending Legacy]]'' (2007), ''[[Love's Unfolding Dream]]'' (2007), ''[[Love Takes Wing]]'' (2009), and ''[[Love Finds a Home]]'' (2009),<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1307064/ ''Love Finds a Home'' IMDb page]</ref><ref>[http://www.hallmarkchannelpress.com/publish/pr/home/corporate/press_releases_1/press_release_020909.html Hallmark Channel Press Release 2/9/2009] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211202817/http://www.hallmarkchannelpress.com/publish/pr/home/corporate/press_releases_1/press_release_020909.html |date=2009-02-11 }}</ref> as well as the 2011 prequels, ''Love Begins'' and ''[[Love's Everlasting Courage]]'' and was produced for Hallmark by [[Larry Levinson Productions]].
== Synopsis ==
After lots of planning and dreaming, young couple Willie LaHaye ([[Logan Bartholomew]]) and Missie LaHaye ([[Erin Cottrell]]) have headed West on the Wagon Trail, leaving behind the hometown of Missie's parents. Missie is caught between the excitement of the new adventure and the pain of not knowing when she'll see her family again. Willie and Missie leave the Wagon Train and travel further West to Tettsford Junction. When they get there, they meet a boy called Jeff and his older brother Sonny who they see riding into town with two other outlaws. Unknown to Jeff, Sonny's 'job' is being part of a gang of outlaws and hijacking and stealing from innocent people.
When Willie and Missie arrive on their new farm, the tiny house is old and run down, but Missie is happy because it is the first home they can call their own. Missie is worried that Willie is working too hard on their new farm, and she doesn't find the right time to tell him of her pregnancy. Later on, they are riding over their land together, and they see Native Americans, and Willie fears for Missie's safety. They find a good place between the trees to bury their money box of hard-earned savings, and Missie draws a map to mark out the spot. Later on in town, Willie interviews a few men and hires four ranch hands, Henry, Cookie, Fyn, and Scottie. Meanwhile, Missie meets one of their neighbors, a Native American woman named Miriam Red Hawk McClain who becomes her friend.
When Missie is riding over to the Native camp to take books and teach the children how to read, a group of hunters from the camp close in on her and chase her at a gallop back to the camp just for a bit of fun, and Miriam comes out and apologized deeply and introduces her brother Sharp Claw, and her husband Sean. Willie finds out that Missie was riding out alone and fearing that the Indians might have chased her, he rides straight away to the Indian camp to find her. Back at the house, Willie is mad that Missie rode out on her own, and he forbids her to do it again. But she refuses and tells Willie that she believes the Lord sent Miriam to her to help deliver their baby, and Willie tells her he is the happiest man alive.
The next day, Sonny is teaching Jeff how to rope when Trent and Pacey have someone else they want to rob and Sonny has to leave Jeff again. The next day is Christmas Day and Missie invites the ranch hands to Christmas dinner and they are all touched because they have not had Christmas dinner for many years. In town, Jeff asks Missie to read him a note Sonny sent him and it says that Sonny will be back after Christmas, and Jeff runs off, knowing he will have to have Christmas by himself. That night Missie and the ranch hands are all in the house decorating the Christmas tree. Willie is still in town and when he finally comes back Missie is mad at him because it is Christmas Eve, but then she realizes he was so late because he brought Jeff back with him. Fyn lifts Jeff up and he puts the star on top of the Christmas tree. Then they have a big dinner and open their presents and Scotty is very touched because it is the first Christmas present he had ever got.
The next day Sonny and the others come back into town and Jeff is delighted to see Sonny again. That night in the saloon, the ranch hands are having drinks and playing cards and Trent and Pacey come up and Fyn says that Willie "digs up a box of money to pay us, just like buried treasure." Trent and Pacey immediately get the idea to rob Willie.
When Willie, Missie, Jeff, and Henry are having a Sunday morning meeting, Sonny, Trent, and Pacey hijack the house to get Willie's money. Willie and the ranch hands are tied to a fence and held at gun point by Sonny and Pacey, while Missie is forced to ride out with Trent and dig up their buried money. Willie tells Sonny to tell Jeff "what you really does for a living, stealing from innocent people. Probably been involved in a murder or two." Jeff urges Sonny to tell Willie that he is wrong and he's never killed anyone, and Sonny tells Jeff that he's "never killed nobody," and that he's doing this for him, to build a ranch of their own, to get a better life for them.
Out in the woods, Missie finds a pistol underneath the money box, and she points it at Trent and shoots straight through the middle of the note he's holding. Back at the house, Willie hears the shots and finally frees himself, running at Pacey and knocks him to the ground. But Sonny runs over to help Pacey, and they soon have Willie tied up on the ground again. A rider gallops up, presumably Trent, with no Missie in sight. Jeff desperately asks Sonny if Missie is ok, and Sonny yells at the rider, saying that Missie better not be hurt. But the rider suddenly points a pistol at Pacey's back and pulls down the face-covering bandana; everyone is stunned to see that it is Missie, who had taken over Trent and put his coat and hat on, leaving him tied up to a tree near the money box. Missie orders Sonny to untie Willie, and then Willie picks up a gun and tells Sonny to "tie up Pacey, just like you did to us, and then maybe we'll ask the Lord to spare your life." But when Sonny went to tie up Pacey, Pacey said, "Let me help you with that," as he pulled a gun from his pocket and shot Sonny. Willie immediately shoots Pacey in the shoulder while Missie, Jeff, and Fyn run over to Sonny, who asks for their forgiveness for everything he's done. Missie forgives him, knowing that he isn't a bad man underneath and he only stole to support his little brother, and she promises to look after Jeff. Shortly after, Sonny passes away.
That night Missie goes into labor, and with Miriam as her midwife, she gives birth to a baby boy named Matthew Isiah LaHaye, after Willie's brother Mathew who died when they were kids.
== Cast ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Actor !! Role
|-
| [[Erin Cottrell]] || Missie LaHaye
|-
| [[Logan Bartholomew]] || Willie LaHaye
|-
| [[Frank McRae]] || Cookie
|-
| [[Irene Bedard]] || Miriam "Red Hawk" McClain
|-
| [[Gil Birmingham]] || Sharp Claw
|-
| [[W. Morgan Sheppard]] || Scottie
|-
| [[James Tupper]] || Henry Kline
|-
| [[Johann Urb]] || Fyn Anders
|-
| [[Jeff Kober]] || Pacey
|-
| [[Richard Lee Jackson]] || Sonny Huff
|-
| [[Graham Phillips (actor)|Graham Phillips]] || Jeff Huff
|-
| Stephen Bridgewater || Mr. Taylorsen
|-
| [[Diane Salinger]] || Diane Louise Salinger
|-
| [[John Savage (actor)|John Savage]] || Trent
|-
| [[Dale Midkiff]] || Clark Davis
|}
== Differences from the novel ==
* In the novel, while Willie goes on out to the homestead, Missie stays with the Taylorsons in Tettsford Junction for 3 months so she can be near a doctor when she delivers her baby. Willie's ranch in the novel is a 6-day wagon trip from Tettsford Junction. A new town is later built near the ranch in ''[[Love's Abiding Joy]]''
* Willie and Missie name their son Nathan Isaiah in the novel. Nathan is the middle name of both Willie and Clark; Isaiah is after the Bible verse they memorized for the journey west. Nathan Isaiah is the name shown in the films end-credits, instead of Matthew Isaiah, the name in the film.
* There is no Sonny or Jeff in the novel. There is also no native family living near the Ranch. The novel depicts a family of Mexicans.
== Awards ==
The following people received "''Camie Awards''" in 2006 for their role in making the film:
{{div col}}
* [[Larry Levinson]] (executive producer)
* Brian Gordon (producer)
* Erik Olson (producer)
* [[Michael Landon Jr.]] (director & screenwriter)
* Cindy Kelley (screenwriter)
* [[Janette Oke]] (author of book)
* [[Erin Cottrell]] (actress)
* [[Logan Bartholomew]] (actor)
{{div col end}}
== Notes ==
Missie was portrayed by [[January Jones]] in the second movie.
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110818181059/http://www.hallmarkchannel.com/thelovesaga Love Comes Softly Series site]'' at [[Hallmark Channel]]
* {{IMDb title|0486420}}
{{Love Comes Softly series}}
{{Michael Landon Jr.}}
[[Category:2005 television films]]
[[Category:2005 films]]
[[Category:Love Comes Softly (TV film series)]]
[[Category:Hallmark Channel original films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Michael Landon Jr.]]
[[Category:Films scored by Kevin Kiner]]
[[Category:Television sequel films]]
| 1,264,450,926
|
[{"title": "Love's Long Journey", "data": {"Written by": "Douglas Lloyd Mcintosh \u00b7 Cindy Kelly \u00b7 Michael Landon Jr. \u00b7 Janette Oke", "Directed by": "Michael Landon Jr.", "Starring": "Erin Cottrell \u00b7 Logan Bartholomew \u00b7 John Savage \u00b7 Dale Midkiff", "Theme music composer": "Kevin Kiner", "Country of origin": "United States", "Original language": "English"}}, {"title": "Production", "data": {"Producers": "Brian Gordon \u00b7 Erik Olson", "Editor": "Andrew Vona", "Running time": "88 min"}}, {"title": "Original release", "data": {"Network": "Hallmark Channel", "Release": "December 3, 2005"}}, {"title": "Related", "data": {"Related": "- Love's Enduring Promise - Love's Abiding Joy"}}]
| false
|
# Loló (footballer, born 1981)
Lourenço Tomás Cuxixima (born 3 December 1981), commonly known as Loló, is an Angolan footballer who plays as a forward.
Loló appeared in one match for the Angola national team, in 2002.
## National team statistics
| Angola national team | Angola national team | Angola national team |
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| -------------------- | -------------------- | -------------------- |
| 2002 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | 1 | 0 |
|
enwiki/29536787
|
enwiki
| 29,536,787
|
Loló (footballer, born 1981)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lol%C3%B3_(footballer,_born_1981)
|
2024-12-28T00:08:49Z
|
en
|
Q10513682
| 24,487
|
{{short description|Angolan footballer}}
{{Infobox football biography
|name = Loló
|image =
|fullname = Lourenço Tomás Cuxixima
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|12|13}}
|birth_place = [[Luanda]], Angola
|death_date =
|height =
|position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
|currentclub =
|clubnumber =
|youthyears1 =
|youthclubs1 =
|years1 = 1998–2002
|clubs1 = [[C.D. Primeiro de Agosto|1º de Agosto]]
|caps1 =
|goals1 =
|years2 = 2002–2003
|clubs2 = [[C.F. Os Belenenses|Belenenses]]
|caps2 = 4
|goals2 = 0
|years3 = 2007
|clubs3 = [[C.D. Primeiro de Agosto|1º de Agosto]]
|caps3 =
|goals3 =
|years4 = 2008–2009
|clubs4 = [[Santos Futebol Clube de Angola|Santos]]
|caps4 =
|goals4 =
|years5 = 2009–2010
|clubs5 = [[G.D. Sagrada Esperança|Sagrada Esperança]]
|caps5 =
|goals5 =
|nationalyears1 = 2002
|nationalteam1 = [[Angola national football team|Angola]]
|nationalcaps1 = 1
|nationalgoals1 = 0
|manageryears1 =
|managerclubs1 =
}}
'''Lourenço Tomás Cuxixima''' (born 3 December 1981), commonly known as '''Loló''', is an Angolan [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]].
Loló appeared in one match for the [[Angola national football team|Angola national team]], in 2002.
==National team statistics==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan=3 | [[Angola national football team|Angola national team]]
|-
!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*{{ForaDeJogo}}
*{{NFT player|pid=189|name=Lolo}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lolo}}
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Angolan men's footballers]]
[[Category:21st-century Angolan sportsmen]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Angola men's international footballers]]
{{Angola-footy-bio-stub}}
| 1,265,649,678
|
[{"title": "Lol\u00f3", "data": {"Full name": "Louren\u00e7o Tom\u00e1s Cuxixima", "Date of birth": "December 13, 1981", "Place of birth": "Luanda, Angola", "Position(s)": "Forward"}}, {"title": "Senior career*", "data": {"Years": "Team \u00b7 Apps \u00b7 (Gls)", "1998\u20132002": "1\u00ba de Agosto", "2002\u20132003": "Belenenses \u00b7 4 \u00b7 (0)", "2007": "1\u00ba de Agosto", "2008\u20132009": "Santos", "2009\u20132010": "Sagrada Esperan\u00e7a"}}, {"title": "International career", "data": {"2002": "Angola \u00b7 1 \u00b7 (0)"}}]
| false
|
# Pape Badiane
Pape Badiane (10 February 1980 – 23 December 2016) was a French professional basketball player who played 23 times for the men's French national basketball team between 2007 and 2008. He died on 23 December 2016 in a traffic accident.
After a career that included stops in the NCAA with Cleveland State (2000–2003), and a return to France where he played in Pro A with Roanne, Le Mans and Poitiers, he played in the third French division. He was a member of the French national team in Eurobasket 2007 and a member of Roanne in the Euroleague.
He won the French title with Roanne in 2007. He also won the French Cup in 2009, the Semaine des As in both 2007 and 2009, and was selected three times in the French All Star Game (2006, 2007, 2009).
His younger brother, Moussa Badiane, is also a professional basketball player.
|
enwiki/32487391
|
enwiki
| 32,487,391
|
Pape Badiane
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pape_Badiane
|
2025-02-22T11:25:14Z
|
en
|
Q3362780
| 28,941
|
{{Short description|French basketball player (1980–2016)}}
{{Infobox basketball biography
| name = Pape Badiane
| image = Pape Badiane.JPG
| position = [[Power forward (basketball)|Power forward]]
| height_ft = 6
| height_in = 10
| weight_lb =
| league =
| team =
| team_link =
| number = 7
| birth_date = {{birth date|1980|02|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Boulogne-Billancourt]], France
| death_date = {{death date and age|2016|12|23|1980|02|10|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Frontenay-Rohan-Rohan]], France
| nationality = French
| high_school =
| college = [[Cleveland State Vikings men's basketball|Cleveland State]] (2000–2003)
| career_start = 2003
| career_end = 2016
| years1 = 2003–2008
| team1 = [[Chorale Roanne Basket|Chorale Roanne]]
| years2 = 2008–2009
| team2 = [[Le Mans Sarthe Basket|Le Mans Sarthe]]
| years3 = 2009–2013
| team3 = [[Poitiers Basket 86]]
| years4 = 2014–2016
| team4 = USV St Clement
| highlights =
* [[LNB Pro A]] champion (2007)
* [[French Basketball Cup|French Cup]] winner (2009)
* 2× [[Semaine des As]] winner (2007, 2009)
* 3× [[LNB All-Star Game|LNB All-Star]] (2006, 2007, 2009)
}}
'''Pape Badiane''' (10 February 1980 – 23 December 2016) was a French professional basketball player who played 23 times for the men's [[France national basketball team|French national basketball team]] between 2007 and 2008. He died on 23 December 2016 in a traffic accident.<ref>{{cite news|title=CARNET : DÉCÈS DE PAPE BADIANE, ANCIEN INTERNATIONAL FRANÇAIS|url=http://www.sport365.fr/basket-carnet-deces-de-pape-badiane-ancien-international-francais-2865280.html|accessdate=24 December 2016|publisher=sport365.fr|date=24 December 2016|language=French}}</ref>
After a career that included stops in the [[NCAA]] with [[Cleveland State Vikings men's basketball|Cleveland State]] (2000–2003), and a return to France where he played in [[LNB Pro A|Pro A]] with [[Chorale Roanne Basket|Roanne]], [[Le Mans Sarthe Basket|Le Mans]] and [[Poitiers Basket 86|Poitiers]], he played in the third French division. He was a member of the French national team in [[Eurobasket 2007]] and a member of Roanne in the [[Euroleague]].
He won the French title with Roanne in 2007. He also won the [[French Basketball Cup|French Cup]] in 2009, the [[Leaders Cup|Semaine des As]] in both 2007 and 2009, and was selected three times in the French All Star Game (2006, 2007, 2009).
His younger brother, [[Moussa Badiane]], is also a professional basketball player.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.lnb.fr/fr/Pro-A/200006/Joueurs/A25865/Pape-Badiane LNB profile]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Badiane, Pape}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Black French sportspeople]]
[[Category:Chorale Roanne Basket players]]
[[Category:Cleveland State Vikings men's basketball players]]
[[Category:French expatriate basketball people in the United States]]
[[Category:French men's basketball players]]
[[Category:Le Mans Sarthe Basket players]]
[[Category:Poitiers Basket 86 players]]
[[Category:Power forwards]]
[[Category:Road incident deaths in France]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Boulogne-Billancourt]]
[[Category:21st-century French sportsmen]]
{{France-basketball-bio-stub}}
| 1,277,057,491
|
[{"title": "Personal information", "data": {"Born": "10 February 1980 \u00b7 Boulogne-Billancourt, France", "Died": "23 December 2016 (aged 36) \u00b7 Frontenay-Rohan-Rohan, France", "Nationality": "French", "Listed height": "6 ft 10 in (2.08 m)"}}, {"title": "Career information", "data": {"College": "Cleveland State (2000\u20132003)", "Playing career": "2003\u20132016", "Position": "Power forward", "Number": "7"}}, {"title": "Career history", "data": {"2003\u20132008": "Chorale Roanne", "2008\u20132009": "Le Mans Sarthe", "2009\u20132013": "Poitiers Basket 86", "2014\u20132016": "USV St Clement"}}, {"title": "Career highlights and awards", "data": {"Career highlights and awards": "- LNB Pro A champion (2007) - French Cup winner (2009) - 2\u00d7 Semaine des As winner (2007, 2009) - 3\u00d7 LNB All-Star (2006, 2007, 2009)"}}]
| false
|
# Journal of Medical Virology
The Journal of Medical Virology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering fundamental and applied research concerning viruses which affect humans. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell and was established in 1977. The current editor-in-chief is Shou-Jiang (SJ) Gao (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center Cancer Virology Program).
## Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
- Abstracts in Anthropology
- AGRICOLA
- Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts
- Elsevier BIOBASE/Current Awareness in Biological Sciences
- Biological Abstracts
- BIOSIS Previews
- CAB Abstracts
- CAB HEALTH
- Chemical Abstracts Service
- CSA Biological Sciences Database
- CSA Environmental Sciences & Pollution Management Database
- Current Contents/Clinical Medicine
- Current Contents/Life Sciences
- EMBASE
- Global Health
- Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed
- Index Veterinarius
- Neurosciences Abstracts
- PASCAL
- Science Citation Index
- Scopus
- VINITI Database RAS
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 20.693, ranking it 2nd out of 37 journals in the "Virology" category.
|
enwiki/41049765
|
enwiki
| 41,049,765
|
Journal of Medical Virology
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Medical_Virology
|
2024-07-30T23:44:07Z
|
en
|
Q15716684
| 42,856
|
{{Infobox journal
| title = Journal of Medical Virology
| cover =
| editor = Shou-Jiang (SJ) Gao
| discipline = [[Virology]]
| former_names =
| abbreviation = J. Med. Virol.
| publisher = [[Wiley-Blackwell]]
| country =
| frequency = Monthly
| history = 1977–present
| openaccess =
| license =
| impact = 12.7
| impact-year = 2022
| website = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071
| link1 = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071/currentissue
| link1-name = Online access
| link2 = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071/issues
| link2-name = Online archive
| JSTOR =
| OCLC = 2988328
| LCCN = 77643154
| CODEN = JMVIDB
| ISSN = 0146-6615
| eISSN = 1096-9071
}}
The '''''Journal of Medical Virology''''' is a monthly [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] [[medical journal]] covering fundamental and applied research concerning [[virus]]es which affect humans. It is published by [[Wiley-Blackwell]] and was established in 1977. The current [[editor-in-chief]] is Shou-Jiang (SJ) Gao ([[University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC)]] [[UPMC Hillman Cancer Center|Hillman Cancer Center Cancer Virology Program]]).
== Abstracting and indexing ==
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/10969071/homepage/productinformation.html |title=Overview |website=Wiley Online Library |access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=ISI>{{cite web |url=http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ |title=Master Journal List |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |work=Intellectual Property & Science |accessdate=2013-11-12 |archive-date=2017-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926150543/http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/mjl/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=MEDLINE>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/7705876 |title=Journal of Medical Virology |work=NLM Catalog |publisher=[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] |accessdate=2013-11-12}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Abstracts in Anthropology]]
* [[AGRICOLA]]
* [[Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts|Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts]]
* [[Elsevier BIOBASE|Elsevier BIOBASE/Current Awareness in Biological Sciences]]
* [[Biological Abstracts]]
* [[BIOSIS Previews]]
* [[CAB Abstracts]]
* [[CAB HEALTH]]
* [[Chemical Abstracts Service]]
* [[CSA Biological Sciences Database]]
* [[CSA Environmental Sciences & Pollution Management Database]]
* [[Current Contents]]/Clinical Medicine
* Current Contents/Life Sciences
* [[EMBASE]]
* [[Global Health (database)|Global Health]]
* [[Index Medicus]]/[[MEDLINE]]/[[PubMed]]
* [[Index Veterinarius]]
* [[Neurosciences Abstracts]]
* [[PASCAL (database)|PASCAL]]
* [[Science Citation Index]]
* [[Scopus]]
* [[VINITI Database RAS]]
}}
According to the ''[[Journal Citation Reports]]'', the journal has a 2021 [[impact factor]] of 20.693, ranking it 2nd out of 37 journals in the "Virology" category.<ref name=WoS>{{cite book |year=2022 |chapter=Journals Ranked by Impact: Virology |title=2021 Journal Citation Reports |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |edition=Science |series=[[Web of Science]] |title-link=Journal Citation Reports }}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071}}
[[Category:Monthly journals]]
[[Category:Wiley-Blackwell academic journals]]
[[Category:Academic journals established in 1977]]
[[Category:English-language journals]]
[[Category:Virology journals]]
{{Virology-journal-stub}}
| 1,237,676,863
|
[{"title": "Journal of Medical Virology", "data": {"Discipline": "Virology", "Language": "English", "Edited by": "Shou-Jiang (SJ) Gao"}}, {"title": "Publication details", "data": {"History": "1977\u2013present", "Publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell", "Frequency": "Monthly", "Impact factor": "12.7 (2022)"}}, {"title": "Standard abbreviations \u00b7", "data": {"ISO 4": "J. Med. Virol."}}, {"title": "Indexing \u00b7", "data": {"CODEN": "JMVIDB", "ISSN": "0146-6615 (print) \u00b7 1096-9071 (web)", "LCCN": "77643154", "OCLC no.": "2988328"}}, {"title": "Links", "data": {"Links": "- Journal homepage - Online access - Online archive"}}]
| false
|
# List of shopping malls in Oregon
This is an incomplete list of currently existing shopping centers and malls in the U.S. state of Oregon.
## Portland metro area
Shopping centers in the Portland metropolitan area:
| Name | City | Year opened | Stores | Retail floor area, sq. ft | References |
| -------------------------- | ----------------- | ----------- | ------ | ------------------------- | ---------- |
| Bridgeport Village | Tigard Tualatin | 2005 | 82 | 465,000 | [ 1 ] |
| Cascade Station | NE Portland | 2007 | 25 | 400,000 | [ 2 ] |
| Cedar Hills Crossing | Beaverton | 1969 | 80 | 750,000 | [ 3 ] |
| Clackamas Town Center | Clackamas | 1981 | 155 | 1,230,000 | [ 4 ] |
| Clackamas Promenade | Clackamas | 1989 | 30 | | |
| Columbia Gorge Outlets | Troutdale | | 29 | | |
| Eastport Plaza | SE Portland | 1960 | | 406,661 | [ 5 ] |
| Fubonn Shopping Center | SE Portland | 2006 | 29 | 465,000 | [ 6 ] |
| Gresham Town Fair | Gresham | | 31 | | |
| Jantzen Beach Center | N Portland | 1972 | 39 | 746,414 | [ 8 ] |
| Lloyd Center | NE Portland | 1960 | 65 | 1,472,000 | [ 9 ] |
| Mall 205 | SE Portland | 1970 | 29 | 477,000 | [ 10 ] |
| Milwaukie Marketplace | Milwaukie | | 22 | | |
| Nyberg Woods | Tualatin | | 25 | | |
| Pioneer Place | Downtown Portland | 1990 | 35 | 369,000 | [ 11 ] |
| Progress Ridge Town Square | Beaverton | 2011 | 30 | | |
| The Streets of Tanasbourne | Hillsboro | 2004 | 41 | 368,000 | [ 12 ] |
| Sunset Esplanade | Hillsboro | 1989 | 35 | 362,874 | [ 13 ] |
| Washington Square | Tigard | 1973 | 167 | 1,458,734 | [ 14 ] |
## Willamette Valley
Shopping centers in the Willamette Valley (excludes those in the Portland area):
| Name | City | Year opened | Stores | References |
| ------------------------ | ----------- | ------------------------------ | ------ | ---------- |
| The Shoppes at Gateway | Springfield | 1990 (Heavy Remodel 2014) | ? | [ 15 ] |
| Oakway Center | Eugene | 1960s (heavily remodeled 1995) | 42 | [ 16 ] |
| Heritage Mall | Albany | 1988 | | [ 17 ] |
| Willamette Town Center | Salem | 1971 | 80+ | [ 18 ] |
| Salem Center | Salem | 1979 | 80 | [ 15 ] |
| Valley River Center | Eugene | 1969 | 130 | [ 19 ] |
| Woodburn Premium Outlets | Woodburn | 1999 | 114 | [ 20 ] |
| Keizer Station | Keizer | 2006 | | [ 21 ] |
## Rogue Valley
Shopping centers in the Rogue Valley:
| Name | City | Year opened | Stores | References |
| ----------------------------- | ----------- | ----------- | ------ | ---------- |
| Ashland Shopping Center | Ashland | | | [ 22 ] |
| Bear Creek Plaza | Medford | | 28 | |
| Claycombs Plaza Mall | Ashland | | | [ 23 ] |
| Grants Pass Shopping Center | Grants Pass | 1966 | | [ 24 ] |
| Northgate Marketplace | NW Medford | 2012 | | [ 25 ] |
| Rogue Valley Mall | NW Medford | 1986 | 100+ | [ 15 ] |
| The Village at Medford Center | NE Medford | 1959 | ~50 | [ 26 ] |
| Shoppes At Exit 24 | Phoenix | | 20+ | [ 27 ] |
## Other areas
| Name | City | Year opened | Stores | References |
| ------------------------------- | ------------ | ----------- | ------ | ---------- |
| Bend Factory Stores | Bend | 1990s | 22 | [ 28 ] |
| Bend River Promenade | Bend | | | [ 29 ] |
| Cascade Village Shopping Center | Bend | | | [ 29 ] |
| Lincoln City Outlets | Lincoln City | | 49 | |
| Old Mill District | Bend | c. 1992 | 35 + | [ 30 ] |
| Pony Village Mall | North Bend | 1960 | 40+ | |
| Roseburg Valley Mall | Roseburg | 1981 | 40+ | [ 31 ] |
| Seaside Factory Outlets | Seaside | | 26 | |
| The Village at Sunriver | Sunriver | c. 1980 | 34+ | [ 32 ] |
|
enwiki/19755084
|
enwiki
| 19,755,084
|
List of shopping malls in Oregon
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Oregon
|
2025-03-25T05:02:05Z
|
en
|
Q6639415
| 119,193
|
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}
[[File:Cascade Station shopping center - Portland, Oregon.JPG|thumb|300px|Cascade Station in Portland]]
This is an incomplete list of currently existing '''shopping centers and malls''' in the [[U.S. state]] of '''[[Oregon]]'''.
==Portland metro area==
[[File:Streets of Tanasbourne.JPG|thumb|The Streets of Tanasbourne in Hillsboro]]
[[File:Washington Square Mall inside - Oregon.JPG|thumb|Inside Washington Square in Tigard]]
Shopping centers in the [[Portland metropolitan area]]:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! City !! Year<br>opened !! Stores || Retail floor area, sq. ft !! References
|-
| [[Bridgeport Village (Oregon)|Bridgeport Village]] || [[Tigard, Oregon|Tigard]]<br>[[Tualatin, Oregon|Tualatin]] || 2005 || 82 || 465,000 || <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bridgeport-village.com/directory | title=Directory | accessdate=2015-12-18}}</ref>
|-
| [[Cascade Station]] || [[Portland, Oregon|NE Portland]] || 2007 || 25 || 400,000 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/stories/2007/08/20/story6.html|title=Busy Cascade Station awaits flow of retailers|last=Culverwell|first=Wendy|date=August 17, 2007|work=Portland Business Journal|accessdate=2008-10-13}}</ref>
|-
| [[Cedar Hills Crossing]] || [[Beaverton, Oregon|Beaverton]] || 1969 || 80 || 750,000 || <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cedarhillscrossing.com/directory/ | title=Directory | accessdate=2021-05-23}}</ref>
|-
| [[Clackamas Town Center]] || [[Clackamas, Oregon|Clackamas]] || 1981 || 155 || 1,230,000 || <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.clackamastowncenter.com/en/directory/ | title=Directory | accessdate=2021-05-23}}</ref>
|-
| Clackamas Promenade || [[Clackamas, Oregon|Clackamas]] || 1989 || 30 || ||
|-
| Columbia Gorge Outlets || [[Troutdale, Oregon|Troutdale]] || || 29 || ||
|-
| [[Eastport Plaza]] || [[Portland, Oregon|SE Portland]] || 1960 || || 406,661 || <ref>{{cite news|title=Southeast focus: Redone Eastport faces first big test|last=Nkrumah|first=Wade|date=December 2, 1998|work=The Oregonian|pages=C3}}</ref>
|-
| [[Fubonn Shopping Center]] || [[Portland, Oregon|SE Portland]] || 2006 || 29 || 465,000 || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.portlandmercury.com/portland/Content?oid=97449&category=22101|title=A Tale of Two Chinatowns Has the PDC Split the Chinese Community?|last=Davis|first=Matt|date=December 28, 2006|work=The Portland Mercury|accessdate=2011-11-24}}</ref>
|-
| Gresham Town Fair || [[Gresham, Oregon|Gresham]] || || 31 || ||
|-
| [[Jantzen Beach Center]] || [[Portland, Oregon|N Portland]] || 1972 || 39 || 746,414<ref>https://edens.app.box.com/s/w5bl15ddxk0mt5o9j58v0vhzwx21r00s {{dead link|date=August 2021}}</ref> || <ref name="sct">{{cite news|url=https://www.icsc.org/srch/sct/sct9901/08.php|title=Retail development blazes trail in Portland |last=Ammenheuser |first=Maura K. |date=January 1999 |work=Shopping Centers Today |access-date=2008-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606030205/https://www.icsc.org/srch/sct/sct9901/08.php |archive-date=2011-06-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| [[Lloyd Center]] || [[Portland, Oregon|NE Portland]] || 1960 || 65 || 1,472,000 || <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.lloydcenter.com/directory/ | title=Lloyd Center directory | accessdate=2021-05-23}}</ref>
|-
| [[Mall 205]] || [[Portland, Oregon|SE Portland]] || 1970 || 29 || 477,000 || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mallsinamerica.com/oregon/mall-205#storeslist |title=Directory |website=www.mallsinamerica.com |accessdate=2021-05-23}}</ref>
|-
| Milwaukie Marketplace || [[Milwaukie, Oregon|Milwaukie]] || || 22 || ||
|-
| Nyberg Woods || [[Tualatin, Oregon|Tualatin]] || || 25 || ||
|-
| [[Pioneer Place]] || [[Downtown Portland]] || 1990 || 35 || 369,000 || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pioneerplace.com/en/directory.html |title=Directory |website=www.pioneerplace.com |accessdate=2021-05-23}}</ref>
|-
|[[Progress Ridge Town Square]] || [[Beaverton, Oregon|Beaverton]] || 2011 || 30 || ||
|-
| [[The Streets of Tanasbourne]] || [[Hillsboro, Oregon|Hillsboro]] || 2004 || 41 || 368,000 || <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.streetsoftanasbourne.com/directory/ | title=Directory | accessdate=2015-12-18}}</ref>
|-
| [[Sunset Esplanade]] || [[Hillsboro, Oregon|Hillsboro]] || 1989 || 35 || 362,874 || <ref>{{cite news |title= Sunset Esplanade center to be sold for more than $20 million |last= Mayes|first= Steve |date= November 30, 1989|work= The Oregonian|page=D1 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Washington Square (Oregon)|Washington Square]] || [[Tigard, Oregon|Tigard]] || 1973 || 167 || 1,458,734 || <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.shopwashingtonsquare.com/Directory | title=Washington Square directory | accessdate=2021-05-23}}</ref>
|}
==Willamette Valley==
[[File:Gateway Mall Springfield Oregon.JPG|thumb|Gateway Mall]]
[[File:Salem Center mall - Salem, Oregon.JPG|thumb|Salem Center]]
Shopping centers in the [[Willamette Valley]] (excludes those in the Portland area):
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! City !! Year<br>opened !! Stores !! References
|-
| [[The Shoppes at Gateway]] || [[Springfield, Oregon|Springfield]] || 1990 (Heavy Remodel 2014) || ? || <ref name="ggp">{{cite news|title=Mall sets sights on adding excitement|last=Oshiro|first=Gwenda Richards|date=June 26, 2006|work=The Oregonian }}</ref>
|-
| [[Oakway Center]] || [[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]] || 1960s (heavily remodeled 1995) || 42 || <ref>{{cite news|title=Nike moving to Oakway Center; Business; The longtime fixture at the Fifth Street Public Market will relocate in the fall; Company overview|last=Mosley|first=Joe|date=February 2, 2008|work=The Register-Guard}}</ref>
|-
| [[Heritage Mall (Albany, Oregon)|Heritage Mall]] || [[Albany, Oregon|Albany]] || 1988 || || <ref>{{cite journal|last=Fresno, Calif. -- apparel-focused department store Gottschalks plansto open a new, 44,000-square-foot unit in Albany, Ore., this April; Items; Brief Article|date=February 7, 2005|journal=DSN Retailing Today|volume=44|issue=3|pages=29(1)|issn=1530-6259}}</ref>
|-
| [[Willamette Town Center]] || [[Salem, Oregon|Salem]] || 1971 || 80+ || <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/stories/2000/11/20/daily15.html|title=Salem's Lancaster Mall opens new shop|date=November 22, 2000|work=Portland Business Journal|accessdate=2008-11-01}}</ref>
|-
| [[Salem Center (Oregon)|Salem Center]] || [[Salem, Oregon|Salem]] || 1979 || 80 || <ref name="ggp"/>
|-
| [[Valley River Center]] || [[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]] || 1969 || 130 || <ref>{{cite news|title=MALL MAKE-OVERS; Business; Retail centers must constantly evolve to serve changing tastes|last=Mosley|first=Joe|date=April 24, 2005|work=The Register-Guard|pages=F1}}</ref>
|-
| [[Woodburn Premium Outlets]] || [[Woodburn, Oregon|Woodburn]] || 1999 || 114 || <ref name=pbj1>{{cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/stories/2005/01/31/daily41.html |title=Woodburn Company Stores to expand |accessdate=2007-11-29 |date=2007-02-03 |newspaper=[[Portland Business Journal]] }}</ref>
|-
| Keizer Station || [[Keizer, Oregon|Keizer]] || 2006 || || <ref>{{cite news|title=Shopping opportunities, newer and older, abound|date=April 22, 2008|work=[[Statesman Journal]]|pages=19}}</ref>
|}
== Rogue Valley ==
Shopping centers in the [[Rogue Valley]]:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! City !! Year<br>opened !! Stores !! References
|-
| Ashland Shopping Center || [[Ashland, Oregon|Ashland]] || || || <ref>{{cite web|title=Ashland Shopping Center|url=https://www.manta.com/c/mmj8y30/ashland-shopping-center|publisher=Manta|accessdate=26 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
| Bear Creek Plaza || [[Medford, Oregon|Medford]] || || 28 ||
|-
| Claycombs Plaza Mall || [[Ashland, Oregon|Ashland]] || || || <ref>{{cite web|title=CLAYCOMBS PLAZA MALL|url=http://walkaboutashland.com/business-directory/item/claycombs-plaza-mall|publisher=Walkabout Ashland|accessdate=26 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
| Grants Pass Shopping Center || [[Grants Pass, Oregon|Grants Pass]] || 1966 || || <ref name="GPSC">{{cite web|title=Grants Pass Shopping Center: About|url=http://www.grantspassshoppingcenter.com/aboutus.html|publisher=Grants Pass Shopping Center|accessdate=26 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
| Northgate Marketplace || [[Medford, Oregon|NW Medford]] || 2012 || || <ref>{{cite web |title = Northgate Marketplace |url = http://www.regencycenters.com/retail-space/or/medford/northgate-marketplace |accessdate = 2012-07-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120622010317/http://www.regencycenters.com/retail-space/or/medford/northgate-marketplace |archive-date = 2012-06-22 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Rogue Valley Mall]] || [[Medford, Oregon|NW Medford]] || 1986 || 100+ || <ref name="ggp"/>
|-
| The Village at Medford Center || [[Medford, Oregon|NE Medford]] || 1959 || ~50 || <ref name="LGBM261217">{{cite web|title=The Medford Center Redevelopment Project|url=http://medfordcenter.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Medford-Center-Medford-OR-Leasing-Package.pdf|publisher=LBG Real Estate Companies|accessdate=26 December 2017}}</ref>
|-
| Shoppes At Exit 24 || [[Phoenix, Oregon|Phoenix]] || || 20+ || <ref>{{cite web |url=http://shoppesat24.com/index.php |title=The Shoppes at Exit 24 |accessdate= 2012-07-03}}</ref>
|}
==Other areas==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name !! City !! Year<br>opened !! Stores !! References
|-
| Bend Factory Stores || [[Bend, Oregon|Bend]] || 1990s || 22 || <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.mybendfactorystores.com/content.php?_p_=2 | title=Our Stores | accessdate=2011-11-26}}</ref>
|-
| Bend River Promenade || [[Bend, Oregon|Bend]] || || || <ref name="bend">{{cite news|title=Open-air Bend, Ore., shopping center typifies retail-development trend |last=Sowa|first=Anna|date=May 8, 2006|work=The Bulletin}}</ref>
|-
| Cascade Village Shopping Center || [[Bend, Oregon|Bend]] || || || <ref name="bend"/>
|-
| Lincoln City Outlets || [[Lincoln City, Oregon|Lincoln City]] || || 49 ||
|-
| [[Old Mill District]] || [[Bend, Oregon|Bend]] || c. 1992 || 35 + || <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.theoldmill.com/shopping-bend-oregon/ | title=Shopping in the Old Mill District | accessdate=2011-11-26}}</ref>
|-
| Pony Village Mall || [[North Bend, Oregon|North Bend]] || 1960 || 40+ ||
|-
| Roseburg Valley Mall || [[Roseburg, Oregon|Roseburg]] || 1981 ||40+ || <ref>{{cite news|title=Ed Charon; Minister Set World Records for Splitting Phone Books|last=Bernstein|first=Adam|date=April 11, 2007|newspaper=The Washington Post|page=B7}}</ref>
|-
| Seaside Factory Outlets || [[Seaside, Oregon|Seaside]] || || 26 ||
|-
| The Village at Sunriver || [[Sunriver, Oregon|Sunriver]] || c. 1980 || 34+ || <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.villageatsunriver.com | title = The Village at Sunriver | accessdate = 2011-11-26}}</ref>
|}
==See also==
*[[Lists of Oregon-related topics]]
* '''''<small>{{portal-inline|Oregon}}</small>'''''
* '''''<small>{{portal-inline|Pacific Northwest}}</small>'''''
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Shopping malls in Oregon}}
{{Lists of shopping malls by U.S. state}}
[[Category:Shopping malls in Oregon|*]]
[[Category:Lists of buildings and structures in Oregon|Shopping malls]]
[[Category:Lists of shopping malls in the United States|Oregon]]
| 1,282,234,538
|
[]
| false
|
# Marcoux, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Marcoux (French pronunciation: [maʁku]; Occitan: Marcòs) is a village and commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department of southeastern France.
The closest airport to Marcoux is Nice Airport (91 km).
## Geography
The river Bléone flows southwest through the northern part of the commune and forms part of its northeastern and western borders.
## Population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| ------------- | ---- | ------- |
| 1968 | 166 | — |
| 1975 | 305 | +9.08% |
| 1982 | 390 | +3.57% |
| 1990 | 414 | +0.75% |
| 1999 | 402 | −0.33% |
| 2009 | 518 | +2.57% |
| 2014 | 517 | −0.04% |
| 2020 | 449 | −2.32% |
| Source: INSEE | | |
|
enwiki/15418064
|
enwiki
| 15,418,064
|
Marcoux, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcoux,_Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
|
2024-12-24T01:08:02Z
|
en
|
Q1018575
| 92,116
|
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Expand French|topic=geo|date=December 2008|Marcoux (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence)}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name = Marcoux
|commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|image = FR-04-Marcoux.JPG
|caption = Marcoux as seen from the D900 road
|image coat of arms = Blason Marcoux.svg
|arrondissement = Digne-les-Bains
|canton = Digne-les-Bains-1
|INSEE = 04113
|postal code = 04420
|mayor = Christian Boyer<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=2 December 2020|language=fr|access-date=24 December 2024|archive-date=28 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628030259/https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|url-status=live}}</ref>
|term = 2020–2026
|intercommunality = [[Communauté d'agglomération Provence-Alpes|CA Provence-Alpes]]
|coordinates = {{coord|44.12|6.27|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m = 691
|elevation min m = 604
|elevation max m = 1311
|area km2 = 32.17
|population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}
'''Marcoux''' ({{IPA|fr|maʁku}}; {{langx|oc|Marcòs}}) is a village and [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Alpes-de-Haute-Provence]] [[Departments of France|department]] of southeastern [[France]].
The closest airport to Marcoux is [[Nice Airport]] (91 km).
==Geography==
The river [[Bléone]] flows southwest through the northern part of the commune and forms part of its northeastern and western borders.
==Population==
{{Historical populations
|source = INSEE<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7633058?geo=COM-04113#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205230302/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7633058?geo=COM-04113#ancre-POP_T1 |date=5 December 2023 }}, INSEE</ref>
|percentages = pagr
|align = none
|1968 |166
|1975 |305
|1982 |390
|1990 |414
|1999 |402
|2009 |518
|2014 |517
|2020 |449
}}
==See also==
*[[Communes of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{commons category|Marcoux (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence)|Marcoux, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence}}{{Alpes-de-Haute-Provence communes}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Communes of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence]]
[[Category:Alpes-de-Haute-Provence communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]
{{AlpesHauteProvence-geo-stub}}
| 1,264,881,939
|
[{"title": "Marcoux", "data": {"Country": "France", "Region": "Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur", "Department": "Alpes-de-Haute-Provence", "Arrondissement": "Digne-les-Bains", "Canton": "Digne-les-Bains-1", "Intercommunality": "CA Provence-Alpes"}}, {"title": "Government", "data": {"\u2022 Mayor (2020\u20132026)": "Christian Boyer", "Area1": "32.17 km2 (12.42 sq mi)", "Population (2022)": "460", "\u2022 Density": "14/km2 (37/sq mi)", "Time zone": "UTC+01:00 (CET)", "\u2022 Summer (DST)": "UTC+02:00 (CEST)", "INSEE/Postal code": "04113 /04420", "Elevation": "604\u20131,311 m (1,982\u20134,301 ft) \u00b7 (avg. 691 m or 2,267 ft)"}}]
| false
|
# Joe Boles
Joseph Robert Boles (5 March 1880 – 8 August 1950) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
|
enwiki/49204685
|
enwiki
| 49,204,685
|
Joe Boles
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Boles
|
2024-11-01T21:48:56Z
|
en
|
Q23582699
| 23,958
|
{{short description|Australian rules footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Use Australian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox AFL biography
| name = Joe Boles
| image =
| fullname = Joseph Robert Boles
| birth_date = {{birth date|1880|03|05|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Flemington, Victoria]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1950|08|08|1880|03|05|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Parkville, Victoria]]
| height = <!-- ### cm -->
| weight = <!-- ### kg -->
| position =
| statsend = 1903
| years1 = 1903
| club1 = {{AFL SM}}
| games_goals1 = 1 (1)
| careerhighlights =
}}
'''Joseph Robert Boles''' (5 March 1880 – 8 August 1950) was an [[Australian rules football]]er who played with [[Sydney Swans|South Melbourne]] in the [[Victorian Football League (1897–1989)|Victorian Football League]] (VFL).<ref name=encyc>{{cite book |title=The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers: every AFL/VFL player since 1897 |last1=Holmesby|first1=Russell|last2=Main|first2=Jim |year=2014 |edition=10th |isbn=978-1-921496-32-5 |publisher=BAS Publishing |location=Seaford, Victoria |page=76}}</ref>
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
*{{AFL Tables|J/Joe_Boles}}
*{{AustralianFootball|joe+boles/1825}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Boles, Joe}}
[[Category:1880 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)]]
[[Category:Sydney Swans players]]
{{AFL-bio-1880-stub}}
| 1,254,826,905
|
[{"title": "Personal information", "data": {"Full name": "Joseph Robert Boles", "Date of birth": "5 March 1880", "Place of birth": "Flemington, Victoria", "Date of death": "8 August 1950 (aged 70)", "Place of death": "Parkville, Victoria"}}, {"title": "Playing career1", "data": {"Years": "Club \u00b7 Games (Goals)", "1903": "South Melbourne \u00b7 1 (1)", "Playing career1": "1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1903."}}]
| false
|
# Port Harcourt Tourist Beach
The Port Harcourt Tourist Beach is a white sand urban beach in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, created in 1988. It is located along Kolabi Creek, east of the Old Township district, and about 146 miles from Kribi in Cameroon.
The beach is designed to cater for the recreational needs of everyone, especially young people. It is visited by both tourists and residents, and it is one of the most popular beaches in Port Harcourt.
One of its advantages is that it is located on the edge of the city, such that after spending the day on the beach, visitors can visit any of the numerous hotels and restaurants to have dinner and also enjoy the city's night life. They can also take a walk through the hiking trails. The beach was created to have a serene environment for tourists and visitors who can enjoy the white sands and waves.
## Activities
The Port Harcourt tourist beach has played host to several tourists and visitors from various parts of the world who visited the beach in the past, especially during the annual cultural fiesta of the state, popularly known as CARNIRIV, to watch the glamorous and exciting boat regatta organised by the Rivers State Tourism Development Agency (RSTDA).
The Port Harcourt tourist beach which was once a tourist's attraction has gradually lost its past glory, charm and pride of place due to the dilapidated infrastructure, lack of modern facilities, poor sanitary condition and so on. This poor state of the beach has led to lack of patronage and loss of revenue for the state.
|
enwiki/54663512
|
enwiki
| 54,663,512
|
Port Harcourt Tourist Beach
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Harcourt_Tourist_Beach
|
2025-02-21T00:27:41Z
|
en
|
Q39047321
| 64,540
|
{{Short description|Urban beach in Port Harcourt, Nigeria}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox landform
| name = Port Harcourt Tourist Beach
| other_name =
| type = [[Beach]]
| photo =
| photo_width =
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption =
| map = Nigeria
| map_width =
| map_caption = Beach location within Nigeria
| map_alt =
| relief =
| label =
| label_position =
| mark =
| marker_size =
| location = [[Port Harcourt (local government area)|Port Harcourt]], Nigeria
| grid_ref =
| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=it}}
| coordinates_ref =
| range =
| part_of =
| water_bodies =
| elevation_ft = <!-- or
| elevation_m = -->
| elevation_ref =
| surface_elevation_ft = <!-- or
| surface_elevation_m = -->
| surface_elevation_ref =
| highest_point =
| highest_elevation =
| highest_coords =
| length =
| width =
| area =
| depth =
| drop =
| operator =
| designation =
| free_label_1 = Creation
| free_data_1 = 1988
| website =
| embedded =
}}
The '''Port Harcourt Tourist Beach''' is a white sand [[urban beach]] in [[Port Harcourt, Rivers State]], [[Nigeria]], created in 1988. It is located along Kolabi Creek, east of the Old Township district, and about 146 miles from [[Kribi]] in [[Cameroon]].
The beach is designed to cater for the recreational needs of everyone, especially young people. It is visited by both tourists and residents, and it is one of the most popular beaches in [[Port Harcourt]].<ref name="Cynthia Morgan">{{cite book|author=Cynthia Morgan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQ8aMQAACAAJ|title=The Man-Made Beach: Welcome to Port Harcourt Tourist Beach, Nigeria|date=11 November 2016|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|isbn=978-1540346087|access-date=27 July 2017}}</ref>
One of its advantages is that it is located on the edge of the city, such that after spending the day on the beach, visitors can visit any of the numerous hotels and restaurants to have dinner and also enjoy the city's night life. They can also take a walk through the hiking trails. The beach was created to have a serene environment for tourists and visitors who can enjoy the white sands and waves.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-08 |title=Port Harcourt Tourist Beach – Independent Newspaper Nigeria |url=https://independent.ng/port-harcourt-tourist-beach/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
== Activities ==
The Port Harcourt tourist beach has played host to several tourists and visitors from various parts of the world who visited the beach in the past, especially during the annual cultural fiesta of the state, popularly known as [[Carniriv|CARNIRIV]], to watch the glamorous and exciting boat regatta organised by the Rivers State Tourism Development Agency (RSTDA).
The Port Harcourt tourist beach which was once a tourist's attraction has gradually lost its past glory, charm and pride of place due to the dilapidated infrastructure, lack of modern facilities, poor sanitary condition and so on. This poor state of the beach has led to lack of patronage and loss of revenue for the state.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tide |first=The |date=2020-11-20 |title=Revisiting Nigeria’s Tourist Beaches |url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2020/11/20/revisiting-nigerias-tourist-beaches/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=:::...The Tide News Online:::... |language=en-US}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Port Harcourt}}
[[Category:Urban beaches]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Port Harcourt]]
[[Category:1980s establishments in Rivers State]]
[[Category:Port Harcourt (local government area)]]
[[Category:Beaches of Nigeria]]
[[Category:Geography of Rivers State]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Rivers State]]
[[Category:Entertainment venues in Port Harcourt]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in Nigeria]]
[[Category:Outdoor structures in Nigeria]]
{{PortHarcourt-stub}}
| 1,276,829,479
|
[{"title": "Port Harcourt Tourist Beach", "data": {"Location": "Port Harcourt, Nigeria", "Creation": "1988"}}]
| false
|
# Malinconia (Sibelius)
Malinconia (literal English translation: "Melancholy"), Op. 20, is a single-movement duo for cello and piano written in 1900 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius.
## History
In late 1899 and early 1900, a typhus epidemic swept through southern Finland, near Kerava. Sibelius's brother-in-law, the Finnish playwright Arvid Järnefelt, had just lost his infant daughter, Anna (1898 – 1899) on 28 December, and as such, Aino Sibelius (née Järnefelt) traveled to Lohja to assist the Järnefelts as they mourned; Sibelius and the couple's three daughters—Eva, Ruth, and Kirsti—remained in Helsinki. However, the epidemic soon claimed Kirsti (1898 – 1900), as well, who died on 13 February. (Aino suspected that she had accidentally carried the deadly bacteria home with her.) Devastated, a grieving Sibelius turned to drink, while Aino and the other daughters sought to outrun the disease by relocating to Aino's mother's home in Lohja.
In early March, Sibelius composed—purportedly in just three hours—a duo for cello and piano that he named Fantasia (later retitled Malinconia). The piece received its premiere on 12 March 1900 in Helsinki; the cellist was Georg Schnéevoigt, the dedicatee, accompanied by the pianist Sigrid Sundgren (the two later married in 1907).
## Music
Malinconia, which has a duration of about 12 minutes, is in 12
8 time and has a tempo marking of Adagio pesante.
## Discography
The Danish cellist Louis Jensen and the Russian-born Danish pianist Galina Werschenska made the world premiere studio recording of Malinonia in 1936 for the His Master's Voice (since re-released by Warner Classics). The sortable table below lists this and other commercially available recordings:
| No. | Cello | Piano | Runtime | Rec. | Recording venue | Label | Ref. | | | | | | | |
| --- | --------------- | -------------------------- | ------- | ---- | ---------------------------------------------- | ----------------- | ----- | ------------ | ------------------ | ---- | ---- | --------------------- | --------------- | ----- |
| 1 | Cello | Piano | Runtime | Rec. | Recording venue | Label | Ref. | Louis Jensen | Galina Werschenska | 9:05 | 1936 | [Unknown], Copenhagen | Warner Classics | [ d ] |
| 2 | Arto Noras | Tapani Valsta | 12:05 | 1971 | [Unknown], Heidelberg | Da Camera Magna | [ e ] | | | | | | | |
| 3 | Thomas Blees | Maria Bergmann | ? | 1972 | [Unknown], Baden-Baden | SWR Music | [ f ] | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Pär Öjebo | Albena Zaharieva | 12:22 | ? | Örebro Concert Hall | Opus 3 | [ g ] | | | | | | | |
| 5 | Heinrich Schiff | Elisabeth Leonskaja | 11:47 | 1984 | Salle de Musique, La Chaux-de-Fonds | Philips | [ h ] | | | | | | | |
| 6 | Raimo Sariola | Hui-Ying Liu-Tawaststjerna | 12:27 | 1985 | Imatra Concert Hall | Finlandia | [ i ] | | | | | | | |
| 7 | Martti Rousi | Juhani Lagerspetz | 11:34 | 1988 | Martinus Hall | Ondine | [ j ] | | | | | | | |
| 8 | Truls Mørk | Jean-Yves Thibaudet | 12:31 | 1993 | Ski Hall, Torgveien | Virgin Classics | [ k ] | | | | | | | |
| 9 | Erkki Rautio | Izumi Tateno | 10:52 | 1995 | Ainola | Canyon Classics | [ l ] | | | | | | | |
| 10 | Torleif Thedéen | Folke Gräsbeck | 12:18 | 1996 | Danderyds gymnasium | BIS | [ m ] | | | | | | | |
| 11 | Tanja Tetzlaff | Gunilla Süssmann | 13:29 | 2005 | St. Cosmas & Damian Church | Avi Music | [ n ] | | | | | | | |
| 12 | Jussi Makkonen | Rait Karm | 10:41 | 2007 | Concert Hall, Sibelius Academy | Naxos | [ o ] | | | | | | | |
| 13 | Alexey Stadler | Karina Sposobina | 12:56 | 2008 | Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saint Catherine | Northern Flowers | [ p ] | | | | | | | |
| 14 | Mattia Zappa | Massimiliano Mainolfi | 12:02 | 2010 | Siemens-Villa | Claves Records | [ q ] | | | | | | | |
| 15 | David Geringas | Ian Fountain | 10:45 | 2011 | Kammermusikstudio, SWR Stuttgart | Profil | [ r ] | | | | | | | |
| 16 | Steven Isserlis | Olli Mustonen | 10:39 | 2013 | Potton Hall, Suffolk | BIS | [ s ] | | | | | | | |
| 17 | Rohan de Saram | Benjamin Frith | 12:18 | 2014 | Tonbridge School, Kent | First Hand | [ t ] | | | | | | | |
| 18 | Adrian Bradbury | Sophia Rahman | 10:25 | 2017 | Sidney Sussex College Chapel | Resonus Classics | [ u ] | | | | | | | |
| 19 | Niklas Schmidt | Stepan Simonian | 11:14 | 2020 | Friedrich-Ebert-Halle Hamburg | Fontenay Classics | [ v ] | | | | | | | |
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enwiki/75749420
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enwiki
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Malinconia (Sibelius)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malinconia_(Sibelius)
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2025-01-06T10:34:41Z
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en
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Q124333985
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{{short description|Duo for cello and piano by Jean Sibelius (1900)}}
{{Infobox musical composition
| name = {{lang|it|Malinconia}}
| type = [[Duet|Duo]]
| composer = {{nowrap|[[Jean Sibelius]]}}
| image = JSibelius 1900.jpg
| image_upright = 1
| caption = The composer ({{c.|1902}})
| border = Yes
| publisher = [[Breitkopf & Härtel]] (1911){{sfn|Dahlström|2003|p=81}}
| opus = 20
| composed = {{start date|1900}}
| duration = 12 mins{{sfn|Dahlström|2003|p=81}}
| premiere_date = {{start date|1900|03|12|df=y}}{{sfn|Dahlström|2003|p=81}}
| premiere_location = [[Helsinki]], [[Grand Duchy of Finland]]
| premiere_performers = {{unbulleted list|[[Georg Schnéevoigt]] (cello)|{{ill|Sigrid Sundgren-Schnéevoigt|lt=Sigrid Sundgren|fi}} (piano)}}
}}
'''{{lang|it|Malinconia}}''' (literal English translation: "Melancholy"), [[Opus number|Op]]. 20, is a single-[[movement (music)|movement]] [[duo (music)|duo]] for cello and piano{{sfn|Dahlström|2003|p=81}} written in 1900 by the Finnish composer [[Jean Sibelius]].
==History==
[[File:Sibelius Schnéevoigt Sundgren.jpg|thumb|Left to rightː the pianist {{ill|Sigrid Sundgren-Schnéevoigt|lt=Sigrid Sundgren|fi}}, the cellist [[Georg Schnéevoigt]], and Sibelius ({{c.|1905}})]]
In late 1899 and early 1900, a [[typhus]] epidemic swept through southern Finland, near [[Kerava]]. Sibelius's brother-in-law, the Finnish playwright [[Arvid Järnefelt]],{{efn|In 1903, Sibelius collaborated with Arvid Järnefelt by writing incidental music to his [[Kuolema|brother-in-law's play]] ''[[Kuolema (Sibelius)|Death]]'' ({{lang|fi|Kuolema}}).}} had just lost his infant daughter, Anna (1898{{spaced ndash}}1899) on 28 December, and as such, [[Aino Sibelius]] (née Järnefelt) traveled to [[Lohja]] to assist the Järnefelts as they mourned; Sibelius and the couple's three daughters—Eva, {{ill|Ruth Snellman|lt=Ruth|fi}}, and Kirsti—remained in Helsinki. However, the epidemic soon claimed Kirsti (1898{{spaced ndash}}1900), as well, who died on 13 February. (Aino suspected that she had accidentally carried the deadly bacteria home with her.) Devastated, a grieving Sibelius turned to drink, while Aino and the other daughters sought to outrun the disease by relocating to [[Elisabeth Järnefelt|Aino's mother's]] home in Lohja.{{sfn|Barnett|2007|pp=133–134}}
In early March, Sibelius composed—purportedly in just three hours—a duo for cello and piano that he named ''Fantasia'' (later retitled {{lang|it|Malinconia}}). The piece received its premiere on 12 March 1900 in Helsinki; the cellist was [[Georg Schnéevoigt]], the dedicatee, accompanied by the pianist {{ill|Sigrid Schnéevoigt|lt=Sigrid Sundgren|fi|Sigrid Sundgren-Schnéevoigt}} (the two later married in 1907).{{sfn|Dahlström|2003|p=81}}{{sfn|Barnett|2007|p=134}}
==Music==
{{lang|it|Malinconia}}, which has a duration of about 12 minutes, is in {{music|time|12|8}} [[time signature|time]] and has a [[tempo|tempo marking]] of ''Adagio pesante''.{{sfn|Dahlström|2003|p=81}}
==Discography==
The Danish cellist {{ill|Louis Jensen (cellist)|lt=Louis Jensen|sv|Louis Jensen (musiker)}} and the Russian-born Danish pianist [[Galina Werschenska]] made the world premiere studio recording of {{lang|it|Malinonia}} in 1936 for the [[His Master's Voice (British record label)|His Master's Voice]] (since re-released by [[Warner Classics]]).{{sfn|Dahlström|2003|p=81}} The sortable table below lists this and other commercially available recordings:
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-right:0; font-size:95%"
!scope="col"|{{abbr|No.|Chronological number}}
!rowspan=2 scope=col|Cello
!rowspan=2 scope=col|Piano
!rowspan=2 scope=col|Runtime{{efn|All runtimes are official, as printed on [[Compact disc|CD]] or [[LP record|LP]] [[liner notes]].|name=Runtimes}}
!rowspan=2 scope=col|{{nowrap|{{abbr|Rec.|Year of recording}}{{efn|Refers to the year in which the performers recorded the work; this may not be the same as the year in which the recording was first released to the general public.}}}}
!rowspan=2 scope=col|Recording venue
!rowspan=2 scope=col|Label
!rowspan=2 scope=col class="unsortable"|{{abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
!scope="row"|1
|{{sort|Jensen|{{ill|Louis Jensen (cellist)|lt=Louis Jensen|sv|Louis Jensen (musiker)}}}}
|{{sort|Werschenska|[[Galina Werschenska]]}}
|9:05<!--CD notes-->
|1936<!--Aug. 26-->
|[{{em|Unknown}}], Copenhagen
|[[Warner Classics]]
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.discogs.com/release/11143106-Jean-Sibelius-Beecham-Boult-Järnefelt-Kajanus-Koussevitzky-Schnéevoigt-Sibelius-Historical-Recordi L. Jensen & G. Werschenska–Warner Classics (0825646053179) 2015]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|2
|{{sort|Noras|[[Arto Noras]]}}
|{{sort|Valsta|[[Tapani Valsta]]}}
|12:05<!--CD notes-->
|1971<!--Jan. 21-22, per WorldCat-->
|[{{em|Unknown}}], Heidelberg<!--Per WorldCat-->
|Da Camera Magna
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.discogs.com/fr/release/20240494-Jean-Sibelius-Philipp-Naegele-Günter-Krieger-Kammermusik A. Noras & T. Valsta–Da Camera Magna ({{nowrap|DaCa 77 089}}) 1970s]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|3
|{{sort|Blees|Thomas Blees}}
|{{sort|Bergmann|{{ill|Maria Bergmann|de}}}}
|?<!--CD notes-->
|1972<!--Dec. 29-->
|[{{em|Unknown}}], Baden-Baden
|SWR Music
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/8160193--late-romantic-music-for-cello-piano T. Blees & M. Bergmann–SWR Music (SWR10324) 2016]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|4
|{{sort|Öjebo|Pär Öjebo}}
|{{sort|Zaharieva|Albena Zaharieva}}
|12:22<!--LP notes-->
|?
|[[Örebro Concert Hall]]
|Opus 3
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.discogs.com/fr/release/12384710-Albena-Zaharieva-Pär-Öjebo-Duo-Per-Albena P. Öjebo & A. Zaharieva–Opus 3 (Nr 8011) 1983]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|5
|{{sort|Schiff|[[Heinrich Schiff]]}}
|{{sort|Leonskaja|[[Elisabeth Leonskaja]]}}
|11:47<!--LP notes-->
|1984<!--Jan. 1-3-->
|Salle de Musique, La Chaux-de-Fonds
|[[Philips Records|Philips]]
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.discogs.com/release/5206126-Rachmaninoff-Sibelius-Dvořák-Heinrich-Schiff-Elisabeth-Leonskaja-Rachmaninoff-Cello-Sonata-Vocalis H. Schiff & E. Leonskaja–Philips (412 732–1) 1986]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|6
|{{sort|Sariola|{{ill|Raimo Sariola|fi}}}}
|{{sort|Liu-Tawaststjerna|[[Hui-Ying Liu-Tawaststjerna]]}}
|12:27<!--LP notes-->
|1985<!--Sep. 12-14, per WorldCat-->
|{{ill|Imatra Concert Hall|fi|Imatran Konserttihovi}}<!--Per WorldCat-->
|[[Finlandia Records|Finlandia]]
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.discogs.com/release/15030092-Jean-Sibelius-Raimo-Sariola-Hui-Ying-Liu-CelloPiano R. Sariola & H. Liu-Tawaststjerna–Finlandia (FAD 351) 1986]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|7
|{{sort|Rousi|[[Martti Rousi]]}}
|{{sort|Lagerspetz|[[Juhani Lagerspetz]]}}
|11:34<!--Per WorldCat-->
|1988<!--May 17-19, per WorldCat-->
|{{ill|Martinus Hall|fi|Kulttuuritalo Martinus}}
|[[Ondine (record label)|Ondine]]
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/8017716--strauss-r-cello-sonata-in-f-major-sibelius-j-malinconia-rautio-m-divertimento-i-schumann-r-5-pieces M. Rousi & J. Lagerspetz–Ondine (ODE 717–2) 1988]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|8
|{{sort|Mørk|[[Truls Mørk]]}}
|{{sort|Thibaudet|[[Jean-Yves Thibaudet]]}}
|12:31<!--CD notes-->
|1993<!--July 26-28, per WorldCat-->
|Ski Hall, Torgveien<!--Per WorldCat-->
|[[Virgin Classics]]
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.discogs.com/release/14194003-Brahms-Grieg-Sibelius-Truls-Mørk-Juhani-Lagerspetz-Jean-Yves-Thibaudet-Brahms-Grieg-Cello-Sonatas-S T. Mørk & J. Thibaudet–Virgin Classics ({{nowrap|7243 5 45034 2 9}}) 1994]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|9
|{{sort|Rautio|{{ill|Erkki Rautio|fi|Erkki Rautio (sellisti)}}}}
|{{sort|Tateno|[[Izumi Tateno]]}}
|10:52<!--CD notes-->
|1995<!--Nov. 20-21-->
|[[Ainola]]
|Canyon Classics
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.discogs.com/fr/release/25065106-Izumi-Tateno-Jean-Sibelius-Young-Sibelius-Sibelius-In-Ainola-II E. Rautio & I. Tateno–Canyon Classics (PCCL–00328) 1996]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|10
|{{sort|Thedéen|{{ill|Torleif Thedéen|fi}}}}
|{{sort|Gräsbeck|{{ill|Folke Gräsbeck|fi}}}}
|12:18<!--CD notes-->
|1996<!--Sep.-->
|{{ill|Danderyds gymnasium|sv}}
|[[BIS Records|BIS]]
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/7937201--sibelius-music-for-cello-and-piano T. Thedéen & F. Gräsbeck–BIS (CD–817) 1996]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|11
|{{sort|Tetzlaff|[[Tanja Tetzlaff]]}}
|{{sort|Süssmann|[[Gunilla Süssmann]]}}
|13:29<!--CD notes-->
|2005<!--Sep.-->
|{{ill|St. Cosmas & Damian Church|de|St. Cosmas und Damian (Lunsen)}}
|Avi Music
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/7976000--sibelius-grieg-rachmaninov-for-cello-piano T. Tetzlaff & G. Süssmann–Avi Music (AVI8553082) 2007]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|12
|{{sort|Makkonen|{{ill|Jussi Makkonen (cellist)|lt=Jussi Makkonen|fi|Jussi Makkonen (sellisti)}}}}
|{{sort|Karm|{{ill|Rait Karm|fi}}}}
|10:41<!--CD notes-->
|2007<!--Apr. & May-->
|Concert Hall, [[Sibelius Academy]]
|[[Naxos (company)|Naxos]]
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/7986194--sibelius-original-works-and-arrangements-for-cello-piano J. Makkonen & R. Karm–Naxos (8.570797) 2008]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|13
|{{sort|Stadler|[[Alexey Stadler]]}}
|{{sort|Sposobina|Karina Sposobina}}
|12:56<!--CD notes-->
|2008<!--Dec. 14-15, per WorldCat-->
|[[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saint Catherine]]<!--Per WorldCat-->
|Northern Flowers
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/7984809--cello-piano A. Stadler & K. Sposobina–Northern Flowers (NF/PMA 9979) 2009]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|14
|{{sort|Zappa|{{ill|Mattia Zappa|de}}}}
|{{sort|Mainolfi|Massimiliano Mainolfi}}
|12:02<!--CD notes-->
|2010<!--May 6-7-->
|{{ill|Siemens-Villa (Wannsee)|lt=Siemens-Villa|de|Siemens-Villa (Wannsee)}}
|[[Claves Records]]
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/7996863--grieg-sonata-for-cello-piano-in-a-minor M. Zappa & M. Mainolfi–Claves (CD 50–1011) 2010]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|15
|{{sort|Geringas|[[David Geringas]]}}
|{{sort|Fountain|Ian Fountain}}
|10:45<!--CD notes-->
|2011<!--Feb. 28 to Mar. 2, via WorldCat-->
|{{lang|de|Kammermusikstudio|italics=no}}, [[Südwestrundfunk|SWR Stuttgart]]<!--via WorldCat-->
|Profil
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/8057384--malinconia D. Geringas & I. Fountain–Profil (PH15005) 2015]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|16
|{{sort|Isserlis|[[Steven Isserlis]]}}
|{{sort|Mustonen|[[Olli Mustonen]]}}
|10:39<!--CD notes-->
|2013<!--Jan.-->
|Potton Hall, Suffolk
|[[BIS Records|BIS]]
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/8039758--steven-isserlis-plays-martinu-sibelius-mustonen S. Isserlis & O. Mustonen–BIS (SACD–2049) 2014]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|17
|{{sort|de Saram|[[Rohan de Saram]]}}
|{{sort|Frith|[[Benjamin Frith]]}}
|12:18<!--CD notes-->
|2014<!--Apr. 1-2-->
|[[Tonbridge School]], Kent
|First Hand
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/8055344--keys-sibelius-brahms-works-for-cello-piano R. De Saram & B. Frith–First Hand (FHR34) 2014]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|18
|{{sort|Bradbury|Adrian Bradbury}}
|{{sort|Rahman|Sophia Rahman}}
|10:25<!--CD notes-->
|2017<!--Mar. 23... liner notes also mention Apr. 29 corresponding to St Mary’s Church, West Malling, Kent ... but unlikely due to image (see below)-->
|[[Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge#Chapel and music|Sidney Sussex College Chapel]]<!--Likely, based on an image of Bradbury and Rahman playing in the Chapel of Sidney on pg. 14 of the liner notes-->
|Resonus Classics
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/8399991--rakastava A. Bradbury & S. Rahman–Resonus Classics (RES10205) 2018]}}}}
|-
!scope="row"|19
|{{sort|Schmidt|Niklas Schmidt}}
|{{sort|Simonian|{{ill|Stepan Simonian|de}}}}
|11:14<!--CD notes-->
|2020<!--July 20-21-->
|[[Friedrich-Ebert-Gymnasium|Friedrich-Ebert-Halle Hamburg]]
|Fontenay Classics
|{{center|{{efn|[https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/products/8873896--gesange-des-lebens N. Schmidt & S. Simonian–Fontenay Classics (FCI015) 2021]}}}}
|}
==Notes, references, and sources==
;{{large|Notes}}
{{notelist}}
;{{large|References}}
{{Reflist}}
;{{large|Sources}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last1=Barnett|first1=Andrew|year=2007|title=Sibelius|location=New Haven|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-11159-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Dahlström|first=Fabian|author-link=:sv:Fabian Dahlström|title=Jean Sibelius: Thematisch-bibliographisches Verzeichnis seiner Werke|trans-title=Jean Sibelius: A Thematic Bibliographic Index of His Works|date=2003|publisher=Breitkopf & Härtel|location=Wiesbaden|language=de|isbn=3-7651-0333-0}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
* {{IMSLP2|work=Malinconia, Op.20 (Sibelius, Jean)|cname=''Malinconia'', Op. 20}}
{{Jean Sibelius|state=collapsed}}
{{Portalbar|Classical Music}}
{{Authority control}}
{{italic title}}
[[Category:Chamber music by Jean Sibelius]]
[[Category:1900 compositions]]
[[Category:Duets]]
| 1,267,725,203
|
[{"title": "Malinconia", "data": {"Opus": "20", "Composed": "1900", "Publisher": "Breitkopf & H\u00e4rtel (1911)", "Duration": "12 mins"}}, {"title": "Premiere", "data": {"Date": "12 March 1900", "Location": "Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland", "Performers": "- Georg Schn\u00e9evoigt (cello) - Sigrid Sundgren (piano)"}}, {"title": "Jean Sibelius", "data": {"Symphonies": "Kullervo (1892) Symphony No. 1 (1899, rev. 1900) Symphony No. 2 (1902) Symphony No. 3 (1907) Symphony No. 4 (1911) Symphony No. 5 (1915, rev. 1916, 1919) Symphony No. 6 (1923) Symphony No. 7 (1924) Symphony No. 8 (mid 1920s\u2013 c. 1938 , abandoned)", "Concertante": "Violin Concerto (1904, rev. 1905) Two Serenades (1912\u20131913) Two Serious Melodies (1914\u20131915) Six Humoresques (1917\u20131918, No. 1 rev. 1940) Suite for Violin and String Orchestra (1929)", "Tone poems": "En saga (1892, rev. 1902) Spring Song (1894, rev. 1895) The Wood Nymph (1895) Lemmink\u00e4inen Suite 1895, rev. 1897, 1900, 1939; includes The Swan of Tuonela Finlandia (1899) Pohjola's Daughter (1906) Nightride and Sunrise (1909) The Dryad (1910) The Bard (1913) Luonnotar (1913) The Oceanides (1914, rev. 1914) Tapiola (1926)", "Opera & theatre": "The Building of the Boat (1893\u20131894, abandoned) The Maiden in the Tower (1896) King Christian II (1898) Kuolema 1903; includes Valse triste Pell\u00e9as et M\u00e9lisande (1905) Belshazzar's Feast (1906) Swanwhite (1908) The Lizard (1909) The Language of the Birds (1911) Scaramouche (1913) Everyman (1916) The Tempest (1925)", "Cantatas": "Cantata for the University Graduation Ceremonies of 1894 Cantata for the Coronation of Nicholas II (1896) Cantata for the University Graduation Ceremonies of 1897 The Origin of Fire (1902, rev. 1910) The Captive Queen (1906) My Own Land (1918) Song of the Earth (1919) Hymn of the Earth (1920) V\u00e4in\u00e4m\u00f6inen's Song (1926)", "Other voice(s) & orchestra": "The Rapids-Rider's Brides (1897) The Breaking of the Ice on the Oulu River (1899) Sn\u00f6frid (1900) Marjatta (1905, abandoned) Impromptu (1902, rev. 1910) The Raven (1910, abandoned)", "Other orchestral": "Overture in E major (1891) Ballet Scene (1891) Karelia Suite (1893) Rakastava (1894, arr. 1912) Sc\u00e8nes historiques I (1899, arr. 1911) Overture in A minor (1902) Romance in C major (1904) Cassazione (1904, rev. 1905) Pan and Echo (1906) In memoriam (1909, rev. 1910) Sc\u00e8nes historiques II (1912) Suite mignonne (1921) Suite champ\u00eatre (1922) Suite caract\u00e9ristique (1922)", "String quartets": "String Quartet in E-flat major (1885) String Quartet in A minor (1889) String Quartet in B-flat major (1890) String Quartet in D minor, Voces intimae (1909) Andante festivo (1922, orch. 1938)", "Piano trios": "Piano Trio in A minor, Haftr\u00e4sk (1886) Piano Trio in D major, Korpo (1887) Piano Trio in C major, Lovisa (1888)", "Other chamber": "Water Droplets ( c. 1875\u20131881 ) Pieces for brass septet (1889\u20131899) Piano Quintet (1890) Malinconia (1900) Violin Sonatina (1915)", "Piano": "Six Impromptus (1893) Piano Sonata (1893) Ten Pieces, Op. 24 (1895\u20131903) Kyllikki (1904) Three Sonatinas (1912) The Bells of Kallio Church (1912, arr. 1912) Two Rondinos (1912) Five Pieces, The Trees , Op. 75 (1914) Five Pieces, The Flowers , Op. 85 (1916\u20131917) Five Esquisses (1929)", "Songs": "Seven Runeberg Songs , Op. 13 (1891\u20131892) \"Serenad\", JS 168 (1894\u20131895) Six Songs, Op. 36 (1899\u20131900) Five Songs, Op. 37 (1900\u20131902) Seven Songs, Op. 17 (1891\u20131904) Five Songs, Op. 38 (1903\u20131904; includes \" H\u00f6stkv\u00e4ll \") Six Songs, Op. 50 (1906) Two Songs, Op. 35 (1908) \"Kom nu hit, d\u00f6d\", Op. 60/1 (1909, orch. 1957) \"Arioso\", Op. 3 (1911) Five Christmas Songs , Op. 1 (1897\u20131913; includes \" Giv mig ej glans, ej guld, ej prakt \") Six Runeberg Songs , Op. 90 (1917)", "Choral works": "Hymn , Op. 21 (1896, rev. 1898) Songs for Mixed Chorus from the 1897 Promotional Cantata ( arr. 1898) Finlandia Hymn (1899, arr. 1938\u20131940) Six Partsongs, Op. 18 (1893\u20131901) Song of the Athenians (1899) J\u00e4ger March (1917)", "Family": "Ainola (home) Aino Sibelius (wife) Ruth Snellman [ fi ] (daughter) Heidi Blomstedt (daughter) Christian Sibelius (brother) Aulis Blomstedt (son-in-law) Jussi Jalas (son-in-law) Jussi Snellman [ fi ] (son-in-law) Alexander J\u00e4rnefelt (father-in-law) Elisabeth J\u00e4rnefelt (mother-in-law) Armas J\u00e4rnefelt (brother-in-law) Arvid J\u00e4rnefelt (brother-in-law) Eero J\u00e4rnefelt (brother-in-law) Kasper J\u00e4rnefelt [ fi ] (brother-in-law)", "Teachers": "Helsinki Music Institute : Martin Wegelius (theory, composition) Mitrofan Vasiliev (violin) Hermann Csillag [ de ] (violin) Post-graduate studies : Albert Becker Robert Fuchs Karl Goldmark", "Pupils": "Toivo Kuula Leevi Madetoja Bengt de T\u00f6rne [ fi ]", "Colleagues & friends": "Juhani Aho Aino Ackt\u00e9 Granville Bantock Ferruccio Busoni Axel Carpelan [ fi ] (patron) Olin Downes Ida Ekman Richard Faltin [ fi ] Ida Flodin [ fi ] Karl Flodin [ fi ] Akseli Gallen-Kallela Heikki Klemetti [ fi ] Santeri Levas (secretary) Erkki Melartin Oskar Merikanto Rosa Newmarch Abraham Ojanper\u00e4 Selim Palmgren Adolf Paul Wilhelm Stenhammar Karl Wasenius [ fi ]", "Select interpreters": "Sir Thomas Beecham Paavo Berglund Sir Colin Davis Neeme J\u00e4rvi Paavo J\u00e4rvi Robert Kajanus Herbert von Karajan Serge Koussevitzky Hannu Lintu Sakari Oramo Eugene Ormandy Sir Simon Rattle Jukka-Pekka Saraste Georg Schn\u00e9evoigt Leif Segerstam Leopold Stokowski Osmo V\u00e4nsk\u00e4", "Select biographers": "Fabian Dahlstr\u00f6m [ fi ] Karl Ekman [ fi ] Erik Furuhjelm [ fi ] Glenda Dawn Goss Cecil Gray Robert Layton Nils-Eric Ringbom [ fi ] Erik W. Tawaststjerna", "Namesakes": "International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition Jean Sibelius Quartet Sibelius (2003 film) Sibelius (scorewriter) Sibelius Academy Sibelius Academy Quartet Sibelius Glacier Sibelius Hall Sibelius Medal Sibelius Monument Sibelius Museum Sibelius Piano Trio Sibelius Society of Finland 1405 Sibelius (asteroid) Wihuri Sibelius Prize"}}]
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# Louisville Metro Hall
The Louisville Metro Hall is the center of Louisville, Kentucky's government. It currently houses the Mayor's Office and the Jefferson County Clerk's Office for marriage licensing, delinquent tax filings, and the deeds room. The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Construction began in 1836, and both the City of Louisville and Jefferson County governments starting using it in 1842.
## Design
The architect, Gideon Shryock, had intended for the courthouse to have a six-column Doric portico, a cupola, and additional porticos on the wings. The building would be completed by metopes and plain friezes as a full entablature, and engaged pilasters regularly sequenced. Shryock resigned from the project in 1842. It was finally completed in 1860, with Albert Fink, a bridge engineer, and Charles Stancliff in charge. Fink reduced the number of columns for the Doric portico, and did not build the additional porticos and cupola. The Louisville Daily Journal said it was an "elephantine monstrosity".
## History
With design occurring in 1835, construction on the courthouse began in 1836. Both the City of Louisville and Jefferson County governments began occupying a partially completed building in 1842. Slave trading was held by the courthouse in the 1840s, as were speeches calling for the abolition of slavery. When the courthouse was originally built, it was hoped that it would be the Statehouse for Kentucky. This hope was the goal of James Guthrie, but due to the capital staying in Frankfort, it became known as "Guthrie's folly". It did see some state government use during the American Civil War, when it housed the Kentucky State Legislature for a month in 1862 when Frankfort was occupied by Confederate forces.
After a fire in 1905, the building was renovated by Brinton B. Davis. When Frank Lloyd Wright visited Louisville in 1948, he referred specifically to the Courthouse when he said, "Louisville's architecture represents the quality of the old South; we should not build this type of building anymore but we should keep those we have left." This was after efforts in the 1940s to demolish it for urban renewal.
The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Improvements to the building includes placing a statue of Henry Clay, designed by Joel T. Hart, on the main floors, and extensive renovations in the 1980s. The Jefferson County Courthouse Annex at 517 Court Pl. was listed on the National Register in 1980.
Louisville Metro Hall was formerly named the Jefferson County Courthouse. Since the merger of the former City of Louisville with Jefferson County, the building was renamed to Louisville Metro Hall and now primarily houses the offices of the Mayor of Louisville Metro. In addition, the offices of the Jefferson County Clerk, the Kentucky Court of Appeals and the Kentucky Supreme Court Justice for the Louisville district are located in this building.
## Statues
There are two prominently-sited statues outside the Courthouse. In front of the building is a statue of Thomas Jefferson by Moses Jacob Ezekiel, given to the city in 1901.
The second, on the corner of Sixth and Jefferson and across from the Louisville City Hall, is a statue of King Louis XVI. It was presented as a gift to Louisville from Louisville's sister city, Montpellier, France, on July 17, 1967. At the presentation, a crowd of 300 dignitaries, both French and American, saw Montpellier's Mayor François Delmas officially present it to Louisville Mayor Kenneth Schmied.
The statue of King Louis XVI was sculpted in 1829 by Achille-Joseph Valois for the king's surviving daughter, Marie-Thérèse, queen dowager of France, and made its public debut in Montpellier. However, a year later during the Second French Revolution, it was moved to a military base for protection, then at Montpellier University, and finally in the municipal archives' storage basement. In 1899, the statue was found to have deteriorated with a damaged arm, but remained in storage. It was decided in 1966 to give the statue to Louisville, making a seven-month journey between Montpellier and Louisville. The Carrara marble statue weighs nine tons, and is 12 feet (3.7 m) high.
The statue's right hand was destroyed in May 2020 during protests over the killing of Breonna Taylor.
## Gallery
- Another view of King Louis XVI statue
- Pedestal of Louis XVI statue
- Thomas Jefferson statue
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enwiki/11132419
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enwiki
| 11,132,419
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Louisville Metro Hall
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville_Metro_Hall
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2024-05-13T06:57:52Z
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en
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Q3263903
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{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Jefferson County Courthouse
| nrhp_type =
| image = Jefferson County Courthouse in Louisville.jpg
| caption = Front of the courthouse
| location = 527 W. Jefferson St., [[Louisville, Kentucky]]
| coordinates = {{coord|38.25456|-85.75944|region:US-KY_type:landmark|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| area =
| built = 1835 (designed)<br />1836–1860 (constructed)<br />1842 (partly opened)<br />1860 (complete)
| architect = [[Gideon Shryock]]
| architecture = Greek revival
| added = April 10, 1972
| refnum = 72000537<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2007a}}</ref>
}}
The '''Louisville Metro Hall''' is the center of [[Louisville, Kentucky]]'s government. It currently houses the Mayor's Office and the Jefferson County Clerk's Office for marriage licensing, delinquent tax filings, and the deeds room. The building was placed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1972. Construction began in 1836, and both the City of Louisville and [[Jefferson County, Kentucky|Jefferson County]] governments starting using it in 1842.
==Design==
The architect, [[Gideon Shryock]], had intended for the courthouse to have a six-column [[Doric order|Doric portico]], a [[cupola]], and additional porticos on the wings. The building would be completed by [[Metope (architecture)|metopes]] and plain [[frieze]]s as a full [[entablature]], and engaged [[pilaster]]s regularly sequenced. Shryock resigned from the project in 1842. It was finally completed in 1860, with [[Albert Fink]], a bridge engineer, and Charles Stancliff in charge. Fink reduced the number of columns for the Doric portico, and did not build the additional porticos and cupola. The ''[[Louisville Daily Journal]]'' said it was an "elephantine monstrosity".<ref>Luhan, Gregory. Louisville Guide. (Princeton Architectural Press, 2004) 125, 126</ref><ref name="Kleber-JCC">{{cite book |editor-first=John E. |editor-last=Kleber |year=2001 |title=The Encyclopedia of Louisville |chapter=Jefferson County Courthouses |pages=434–435 |publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]] |location=[[Lexington, Kentucky]] |isbn=0-8131-2100-0 |oclc=247857447 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXbYITw4ZesC |access-date=May 13, 2024 |archive-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151808/https://books.google.com/books?id=pXbYITw4ZesC |url-status=live }}</ref>
==History==
With design occurring in 1835,<ref name="nris" /> construction on the courthouse began in 1836. Both the City of Louisville and [[Jefferson County, Kentucky|Jefferson County]] governments began occupying a partially completed building in 1842.<ref name="Kleber-JCC" /> Slave trading was held by the courthouse in the 1840s, as were speeches calling for the abolition of slavery.<ref name="thomasgraz.net">{{cite web |url=http://www.thomasgraz.net/glass/tu-002.htm |title=Thomas's Glassware Tour – Louisville, KY (USA) |publisher=Thomasgraz.net |date= |accessdate=December 13, 2011 |archive-date=February 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207141801/http://www.thomasgraz.net/glass/tu-002.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=May 2024}} When the courthouse was originally built, it was hoped that it would be the Statehouse for Kentucky.<ref>Luhan 16</ref> This hope was the goal of [[James Guthrie (Kentucky politician)|James Guthrie]], but due to the capital staying in [[Frankfort, Kentucky|Frankfort]], it became known as "Guthrie's folly". It did see some state government use during the [[Louisville in the American Civil War|American Civil War]], when it housed the [[Kentucky State Legislature]] for a month in 1862 when Frankfort was occupied by Confederate forces.<ref>{{cite book |first=George H. |last=Yater |year=1987 |title=Two Hundred Years at the Fall of the Ohio: A History of Louisville and Jefferson County |chapter=Chapter Eight – The Civil War: Louisville's Bad Dream Turns Real |pages=87–89 |publisher=[[The Filson Historical Society|Filson Club, Incorporated]] |location=[[Louisville, Kentucky]] |edition=2nd |isbn=0-9601072-3-1}}</ref>
After a fire in 1905, the building was renovated by [[Brinton B. Davis]].<ref name="Kleber-JCC" /> When [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] visited Louisville in 1948, he referred specifically to the Courthouse when he said, "Louisville's architecture represents the quality of the old South; we should not build this type of building anymore but we should keep those we have left." This was after efforts in the 1940s to demolish it for urban renewal.<ref>Luhan 28, 125</ref>
The building was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1972. Improvements to the building includes placing a statue of [[Henry Clay]], designed by Joel T. Hart, on the main floors, and extensive renovations in the 1980s.<ref>Luhan 126</ref> The [[Jefferson County Courthouse Annex]] at 517 Court Pl. was listed on the National Register in 1980.
Louisville Metro Hall was formerly named the '''Jefferson County Courthouse'''. Since the merger of the former City of Louisville with [[Jefferson County, Kentucky|Jefferson County]], the building was renamed to Louisville Metro Hall and now primarily houses the offices of the [[Mayor of Louisville Metro]]. In addition, the offices of the Jefferson County Clerk, the Kentucky Court of Appeals and the Kentucky Supreme Court Justice for the Louisville district are located in this building.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.louisvilleky.gov/YourGovernment/metro_gov_locations.htm |title=Metro Government Locations |publisher= |date= |accessdate=December 13, 2011 |archive-date=May 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511202736/http://www.louisvilleky.gov/YourGovernment/metro_gov_locations.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Statues==
[[File:Louis XVI JCC statue.jpg|thumb|Statue of King Louis XVI]]
There are two prominently-sited statues outside the Courthouse. In front of the building is a statue of [[Thomas Jefferson]] by [[Moses Jacob Ezekiel]], given to the city in 1901.<ref>{{cite book |last=Meadows |first=Lori |editor-first=John E. |editor-last=Kleber |year=2001 |title=The Encyclopedia of Louisville |chapter=Sculpture |page=793 |publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]] |location=[[Lexington, Kentucky]] |isbn=0-8131-2100-0 |oclc=247857447 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXbYITw4ZesC}}</ref>
The second, on the corner of Sixth and Jefferson and across from the [[Louisville City Hall]], is a statue of [[King Louis XVI]]. It was presented as a gift to Louisville from Louisville's [[sister city]], [[Montpellier]], [[France]], on July 17, 1967. At the presentation, a crowd of 300 dignitaries, both French and American, saw Montpellier's Mayor [[François Delmas]] officially present it to Louisville Mayor [[Kenneth Schmied]].<ref name="Regift">{{cite news |last=Glowicki |first=Matthew |date=December 26, 2017 |title=Louisville's most famous regift: The King Louis XVI statue |url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2017/12/26/king-louis-xvi-statue-louisville/870206001/ |work=The Courier-Journal |accessdate=June 24, 2020 |archive-date=October 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015143508/https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2017/12/26/king-louis-xvi-statue-louisville/870206001/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The statue of King Louis XVI was sculpted in 1829 by [[Achille Valois|Achille-Joseph Valois]] for the king's surviving daughter, [[Marie Thérèse of France|Marie-Thérèse]], [[queen dowager]] of France, and made its public debut in Montpellier. However, a year later during the [[July Revolution|Second French Revolution]], it was moved to a military base for protection, then at [[Montpellier University]], and finally in the municipal archives' storage basement. In 1899, the statue was found to have deteriorated with a damaged arm, but remained in storage. It was decided in 1966 to give the statue to Louisville, making a seven-month journey between Montpellier and Louisville.<ref name="Regift"/> The Carrara marble statue weighs nine tons, and is {{convert|12|ft|m}} high.<ref>{{cite book |last=Scott |first=Alana Cain |editor-first=John E. |editor-last=Kleber |year=2001 |title=The Encyclopedia of Louisville |chapter=Louis XVI |page=527 |publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]] |location=[[Lexington, Kentucky]] |isbn=0-8131-2100-0 |oclc=247857447 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXbYITw4ZesC |access-date=May 13, 2024 |archive-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151808/https://books.google.com/books?id=pXbYITw4ZesC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.louisville.com/print/495|title=50 Things Every Louisvillian Should Know|last=Welch|first=Jack|date=December 6, 2007|work=[[Louisville Magazine]]|accessdate=February 16, 2009|archive-date=July 13, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713234425/http://www.louisville.com/print/495|url-status=live}}</ref>
The statue's right hand was destroyed in May 2020 during [[Breonna Taylor protests|protests]] over the [[killing of Breonna Taylor]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.whas11.com/article/news/local/clean-up-underway-in-aftermath-of-downtown-protests/417-828fed22-9e29-42ba-b6a4-5668a247b972|title=Clean-up underway in aftermath of damage from protests|date=May 29, 2020|publisher=[[WHAS-TV]]|accessdate=June 5, 2020|archive-date=June 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605060836/https://www.whas11.com/article/news/local/clean-up-underway-in-aftermath-of-downtown-protests/417-828fed22-9e29-42ba-b6a4-5668a247b972|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Louis XVI statue JCC.jpg|Another view of King Louis XVI statue
File:Louis XVI JCC pedestal.jpg|Pedestal of Louis XVI statue
File:Thomas Jefferson JCC statue.jpg|Thomas Jefferson statue
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[List of statues of Thomas Jefferson]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
*{{cite journal |last=Needham |first=Charles K. |title=Some Historical Notes Relating to the Courthouse of Jefferson County, Kentucky |journal=The Filson Club History Quarterly |volume=22 |issue=1 |date=January 1948 |url=https://filsonhistorical.org/wp-content/uploads/publicationpdfs/22-1-3_Some-Historical-Notes-Relating-to-the-Courthouse-of-Jefferson-County-Kentucky_Needham-Charles-K..pdf|accessdate=May 11, 2024}}
*{{cite journal |last=Seymour |first=Charles B. |title=A History of the Jefferson County Courthouse |journal=The Filson Club History Quarterly |volume=22 |issue=1 |date=January 1948 |url=https://filsonhistorical.org/wp-content/uploads/publicationpdfs/22-1-4_A-History-of-the-Jefferson-County-Courthouse_Seymour-Charles-B..pdf|accessdate=May 11, 2024}}
==External links==
{{commonscat|Louisville Metro Hall}}
* [https://louisvilleky.gov/government/metro311/metro-government-locations Louisville Metro Government Locations]
* [https://www.lojic.org/downtown-government-buildings Downtown (Louisville) Government Buildings – LOJIC]
{{Louisville}}
{{Registered Historic Places}}
[[Category:1842 establishments in Kentucky]]
[[Category:19th-century buildings and structures in Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:County courthouses in Kentucky]]
[[Category:Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Kentucky]]
[[Category:Government buildings completed in 1860]]
[[Category:Government of Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Greek Revival architecture in Kentucky]]
[[Category:Local landmarks in Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Louisville, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Statues of Thomas Jefferson]]
| 1,223,606,840
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[{"title": "", "data": {"Location": "527 W. Jefferson St., Louisville, Kentucky", "Coordinates": "38\u00b015\u203216\u2033N 85\u00b045\u203234\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff38.25456\u00b0N 85.75944\u00b0W", "Built": "1835 (designed) \u00b7 1836\u20131860 (constructed) \u00b7 1842 (partly opened) \u00b7 1860 (complete)", "Architect": "Gideon Shryock", "Architectural style": "Greek revival", "NRHP reference No.": "72000537", "Added to NRHP": "April 10, 1972"}}]
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# Lom, Mežica
Lom (pronounced [ˈlɔm]) is a dispersed settlement in the hills north of Mežica in the Carinthia region in northern Slovenia.
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enwiki/24960607
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enwiki
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Lom, Mežica
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lom,_Me%C5%BEica
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2024-08-22T14:10:10Z
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en
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Q1872637
| 41,124
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{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Lom
|other_name =
|native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
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|subdivision_name2 = [[Carinthia Statistical Region|Carinthia]]
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|blank1_info =
|website =
|footnotes = <ref>[http://www.stat.si/eng/index.asp Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia]</ref>}}
'''Lom''' ({{IPA|sl|ˈlɔm|pron}}) is a [[dispersed settlement]] in the hills north of [[Mežica]] in the [[Slovenian Carinthia|Carinthia]] region in northern [[Slovenia]].<ref>[http://www.mezica.si/ Mežica municipal site]</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://www.geopedia.world/#T12_L362_F2473:1330_x1652598.7115827575_y5867572.321046534_s15_b2345 Lom on Geopedia]
{{Mežica}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lom, Mezica}}
[[Category:Populated places in the Municipality of Mežica]]
{{Mežica-geo-stub}}
| 1,241,670,376
|
[{"title": "Lom", "data": {"Country": "Slovenia", "Traditional region": "Carinthia", "Statistical region": "Carinthia", "Municipality": "Me\u017eica"}}, {"title": "Area", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "3.77 km2 (1.46 sq mi)", "Elevation": "692.3 m (2,271.3 ft)"}}, {"title": "Population (2002)", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "113"}}]
| false
|
# Pape Alioune Diop
Pape Alioune Diop (died 26 September 2012) was a Senegalese football coach who managed the Senegalese national team at the 1986 African Cup of Nations.
Diop also managed Senegalese clubs ASC Diaraf, ASC Jeanne d'Arc and ASFA Dakar.
|
enwiki/37185942
|
enwiki
| 37,185,942
|
Pape Alioune Diop
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pape_Alioune_Diop
|
2022-05-21T09:07:44Z
|
en
|
Q7132543
| 43,041
|
{{Short description|Senegalese football manager}}
{{Infobox football biography
|name = Pape Alioune Diop
|image =
|caption =
|fullname =
|birth_date =
|birth_place =
|death_date = 26 September 2012
|death_place = [[Thiès]], Senegal
|manageryears1 =
|managerclubs1 = [[ASC Diaraf]]
|manageryears2 =
|managerclubs2 = [[ASC Jeanne d'Arc]]
|manageryears3 =
|managerclubs3 = [[ASFA Dakar]]
|manageryears4 = 1982–1986
|managerclubs4 = [[Senegal national football team|Senegal]]
}}
'''Pape Alioune Diop''' (died 26 September 2012) was a Senegalese [[association football|football]] coach who managed the [[Senegal national football team|Senegalese national team]] at the [[1986 African Cup of Nations]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.football.fr/international/scans/senegal-deces-de-pape-diop-186506/|title=Sénégal: Décès de Pape Diop|date=27 September 2012|language=French|publisher=football.fr|access-date=1 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219004652/http://www.football.fr/international/scans/senegal-deces-de-pape-diop-186506/|archive-date=19 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Diop also managed Senegalese clubs [[ASC Diaraf]], [[ASC Jeanne d'Arc]] and [[ASFA Dakar]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Le Soleil|title=Décès de Pape Diop : Le football sénégalais orphelin d'un grand technicien|trans-title=Pape Diop died: Senegalese football is orphaned a great technician|url=http://www.lesoleil.sn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=20486:deces-de-pape-diop-le-football-senegalais-orphelin-dun-grand-technicien&catid=34:football&Itemid=71|language=French|date=27 September 2012|access-date=5 February 2013|archive-date=11 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111151543/http://lesoleil.sn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=20486:deces-de-pape-diop-le-football-senegalais-orphelin-dun-grand-technicien&catid=34:football&Itemid=71|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[FIFA]]|title=Décès de l'ex-sélectionneur Pape Diop|trans-title=Form national team manager Pape Diop died|url=http://fr.fifa.com/classicfootball/news/newsid=1710578.html|language=French|date=27 September 2012}}{{dead link|date=October 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Senegal national football team managers}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Diop, Pape Alioune}}
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Senegalese football managers]]
[[Category:Senegal national football team managers]]
[[Category:Deaths from Alzheimer's disease]]
[[Category:1986 African Cup of Nations managers]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Thiès]]
[[Category:Deaths from dementia in Senegal]]
{{Senegal-footy-bio-stub}}
| 1,089,000,246
|
[{"title": "Pape Alioune Diop", "data": {"Date of death": "26 September 2012", "Place of death": "Thi\u00e8s, Senegal"}}, {"title": "Managerial career", "data": {"Years": "Team", "1982\u20131986": "Senegal"}}]
| false
|
# Journal of Medical Screening
The Journal of Medical Screening is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering medical screening. It was established in 1994 and is published by SAGE Publications. The editor-in-chief is Nicholas Wald (Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 2.689, ranking it 50th out of 180 journals in the category "Public, Environmental & Occupational Health".
|
enwiki/60917958
|
enwiki
| 60,917,958
|
Journal of Medical Screening
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Medical_Screening
|
2023-04-26T11:23:41Z
|
en
|
Q65042542
| 31,686
|
{{short description|Quarterly medical journal}}
{{Infobox journal
| title = Journal of Medical Screening
| image = <!-- or |cover= -->
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| former_name = <!-- or |former_names= -->
| abbreviation = J. Med. Screen.
| bluebook = <!-- For law journals only -->
| mathscinet = <!-- For the MathSciNet abbreviation IF different from ISO 4 abbreviation-->
| nlm = <!-- For the NLM abbreviation IF different from ISO 4 abbreviation-->
| subject = [[Medical screening]]
| peer-reviewed =
| language = English
| editor = [[Nicholas Wald]]
| publisher = [[SAGE Publications]]
| country =
| history = 1994–present
| frequency = Quarterly
| openaccess =
| license =
| impact = 2.689
| impact-year = 2017
| ISSNlabel =
| ISSN = 0969-1413
| eISSN = 1475-5793
| CODEN = JMSCFE
| JSTOR =
| LCCN =
| OCLC = 916389385
| website = https://journals.sagepub.com/home/msc
| link1 = https://journals.sagepub.com/toc/msc/current
| link1-name = Online access
| link2 = https://journals.sagepub.com/loi/msc
| link2-name = Online archive
| boxwidth =
}}
The '''''Journal of Medical Screening''''' is a quarterly [[peer-review]]ed [[medical journal]] covering [[medical screening]]. It was established in 1994 and is published by [[SAGE Publications]]. The [[editor-in-chief]] is [[Nicholas Wald]] ([[Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine]]). According to the ''[[Journal Citation Reports]]'', the journal has a 2017 [[impact factor]] of 2.689, ranking it 50th out of 180 journals in the category "Public, Environmental & Occupational Health".<ref name=WoS>{{cite book |year=2018 |chapter=Journals Ranked by Impact: Public, Environmental & Occupational Health|title=2017 Journal Citation Reports |publisher=[[Clarivate Analytics]] |edition=Science |series=[[Web of Science]]|title-link=Journal Citation Reports}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*{{Google Scholar id|https://journals.sagepub.com/home/msc}}
[[Category:Quarterly journals]]
[[Category:SAGE Publishing academic journals]]
[[Category:Academic journals established in 1994]]
[[Category:Preventive medicine journals]]
[[Category:Public health journals]]
[[Category:English-language journals]]
{{Medical-journal-stub}}
| 1,151,810,486
|
[{"title": "Journal of Medical Screening", "data": {"Subject": "Medical screening", "Language": "English", "Edited by": "Nicholas Wald"}}, {"title": "Publication details", "data": {"History": "1994\u2013present", "Publisher": "SAGE Publications", "Frequency": "Quarterly", "Impact factor": "2.689 (2017)"}}, {"title": "Standard abbreviations \u00b7", "data": {"ISO 4": "J. Med. Screen."}}, {"title": "Indexing \u00b7", "data": {"CODEN": "JMSCFE", "ISSN": "0969-1413 (print) \u00b7 1475-5793 (web)", "OCLC no.": "916389385"}}, {"title": "Links", "data": {"Links": "- Journal homepage - Online access - Online archive"}}]
| false
|
# InterMoor
InterMoor is a global mooring, foundations, and subsea services company. Its services include rig moves, mooring and offshore operations such as engineering and design, survey and positioning, fabrication, subsea installation and chain inspections.
InterMoor has offices in the United States, West Africa, Brazil, South East Asia, Norway, Mexico and United Kingdom.
## History
In November 2004, Acteon acquired the business and assets of Technip Offshore Moorings, Inc. The company was renamed InterMoor Inc. and later merged with sister Acteon companies International Mooring Systems and Trident Offshore.
In 2006, InterMoor created the subsidiary InterMoor do Brasil and opened an office in Brazil.
In June 2010, Acteon acquired IOS Offshore, which became the Norwegian arm of InterMoor. Formed in 1986 with an office and workshop on NorSea’s Dusavik base in Stavanger, IOS began as a mooring equipment supply company to the offshore oil industry.
InterMoor opened its Morgan City facility in Louisiana, USA, on March 24, 2011.
The Morgan City facility received ISO14001 certification in March 2012.
InterMoor currently operates around the world from offices in the USA, Singapore, Malaysia, Brazil, Angola, Norway, Mexico and the UK.
InterMoor operates shore base services from Fourchon, Louisiana, USA and plans to offer similar shore base operations from the Açu Superport in Brazil by 2013.
InterMoor has been the current world record depth holder for a conventional drilling rig mooring installation at a water depth of 2570m since 2010.
## Activities
Short for "International Moorings," InterMoor has provided temporary and permanent moorings to the offshore oil and gas industry since its founding.
InterMoor was among the first to utilize polyester fiber mooring ropes in an offshore mooring system with the Red Hawk Cell-Spar Mooring installed in 2003 for Kerr McGee. InterMoor recently became the first company to decommission a permanent floating structure in the US Gulf of Mexico when they removed from service the Red Hawk Cell-Spar and artificially reefed it as part of the rigs to reefs program., InterMoor is involved in the commissioning and installation phases of moorings and risers, and the abandonment and decommissioning efforts as well.
InterMoor pioneered the design of suction piles for use as a deepwater anchors in the 1990s, and has been a part of the design, fabrication, or installation of well over 75 suction piles in the global offshore oil and gas market., In addition to their suction pile work, the company has also produced driven conductors and foundation piles in smaller diameters as well.
|
enwiki/35981527
|
enwiki
| 35,981,527
|
InterMoor
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterMoor
|
2024-07-06T15:29:29Z
|
en
|
Q6044953
| 55,798
|
{{COI|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox company
| name = InterMoor
| logo = Intermoor-logo.png
| type = [[Privately held company|Private limited (Non-trading)]]
| foundation = [[Morgan City, Louisiana]] (2004)
| founder =
| location_city = [[Houston, Texas]]
| location_country = [[United States]]
| area_served = [[Earth|Global]]
| key_people = Tom Fulton, Global President
| industry = Subsea Services
| products =
| services =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| num_employees = 500
| caption =
| homepage = http://www.intermoor.com/
| footnotes =
}}
'''InterMoor''' is a global mooring, foundations, and subsea services company. Its services include rig moves, mooring and offshore operations such as engineering and design, survey and positioning, fabrication, subsea installation and chain inspections.
InterMoor has offices in the United States, West Africa, Brazil, South East Asia, Norway, Mexico and United Kingdom.
==History==
In November 2004, [[Acteon Group Ltd|Acteon]] acquired the business and assets of Technip Offshore Moorings, Inc. The company was renamed InterMoor Inc. and later merged with sister Acteon companies International Mooring Systems and Trident Offshore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-11-09 |title=ACTEON, FORMERLY UWG GROUP, ACQUIRES TECHNIP OFFSHORE MOORINGS INC |url=http://www.eeegr.com/news/acteon-formerly-uwg-group-acquires-technip-offshore-moorings-inc-732.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214035/http://www.eeegr.com/news/acteon-formerly-uwg-group-acquires-technip-offshore-moorings-inc-732.html |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2012-05-30 |website=East of England Energy Group}}</ref><ref>http://www2.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=134111{{Dead link|date=January 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
In 2006, InterMoor created the subsidiary InterMoor do Brasil and opened an office in Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-09-15 |title=InterMoor opens office in Brazil |url=http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/2006/09/intermoor-opens-office-in-brazil.html |website=Offshore}}</ref>
In June 2010, Acteon acquired IOS Offshore, which became the Norwegian arm of InterMoor. Formed in 1986 with an office and workshop on NorSea’s Dusavik base in Stavanger, IOS began as a mooring equipment supply company to the offshore oil industry.
InterMoor opened its Morgan City facility in Louisiana, USA, on March 24, 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wharf Improvement Donation to Town of Berwick |url=http://www.portofmc.com/index.php/news-room/66.html |website=www.portofmc.com}}</ref>
The Morgan City facility received ISO14001 certification in March 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-13 |title=OilOnline - InterMoor's Morgan City wins ISO 14001 certification |url=http://www.oilonline.com/default.asp?id=259&nid=37680&name=InterMoor%E2%80%99s+Morgan+City+wins+ISO+14001+certification |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529032319/http://www.oilonline.com/default.asp?id=259&nid=37680&name=InterMoor%E2%80%99s+Morgan+City+wins+ISO+14001+certification |archive-date=2012-05-29 |access-date=2012-05-30}}</ref>
InterMoor currently operates around the world<ref>http://www.petroleumafrica.com/en/newsarticle.php?NewsID=7037&PHPSESSID=d0b2a75d7b8989ae62f50385a8d11a76 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> from offices in the USA, Singapore, Malaysia, Brazil, Angola, Norway, Mexico and the UK.
InterMoor operates shore base services from Fourchon, Louisiana, USA and plans to offer similar shore base operations from the Açu Superport in Brazil by 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steiner |first=Anna |date=2011-12-13 |title=InterMoor and LLX sign land lease agreement at Açu Superport: Logistik express informiert | fachlich, sachlich, aktuell |url=http://www.logistik-express.com/meldungen/1/19357/intermoor-and-llx-sign-land-lease-agreement-at-au-superport/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127232540/http://www.logistik-express.com/meldungen/1/19357/intermoor-and-llx-sign-land-lease-agreement-at-au-superport/ |archive-date=2013-01-27 |access-date=2012-05-30}}</ref>
InterMoor has been the current world record depth holder for a conventional drilling rig mooring installation at a water depth of 2570m since 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-10-23 |title=International: Semisubmersible mooring record set off Malaysia |url=http://www.batamshipyard.com/industry-news/international-ship-industry-news.html?start=5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723125325/http://www.batamshipyard.com/industry-news/international-ship-industry-news.html?start=5 |archive-date=23 July 2012}}</ref>
==Activities==
Short for "International Moorings," InterMoor has provided temporary and permanent moorings to the offshore oil and gas industry since its founding.
InterMoor was among the first to utilize polyester fiber mooring ropes in an offshore mooring system with the Red Hawk Cell-Spar Mooring installed in 2003 for Kerr McGee.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-09-01 |title=Polyester mooring for Red Hawk among first in GoM |url=http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-65/issue-9/construction-installation/polyester-mooring-for-red-hawk-among-first-in-gom.html |website=Offshore}}</ref> InterMoor recently became the first company to decommission a permanent floating structure in the US Gulf of Mexico when they removed from service the Red Hawk Cell-Spar and artificially reefed it as part of the rigs to reefs program.,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-03-16 |title=Red Hawk, Gulf of Mexico - Offshore Technology | Oil and Gas News and Market Analysis |url=http://www.offshore-technology.com/projects/red-hawk/ |website=Offshore Technology}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-30 |title=Intermoor Completes Red Hawk Spar Decommissioning Contract |url=http://www.oilandgasonline.com/doc/intermoor-completes-red-hawk-spar-decommissioning-contract-0001 |website=Oil and Gas Online}}</ref><ref>[[Rigs-to-Reefs]] ''Wikipedia.''</ref> InterMoor is involved in the commissioning and installation phases of moorings and risers, and the abandonment and decommissioning efforts as well.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2014 |title=Deepest GoM decom job complete |url=http://www.oedigital.com/energy/shale/item/7339-intermoor-completes-red-hawk-decom |website=Offshore Engineer}}</ref>
InterMoor pioneered the design of suction piles for use as a deepwater anchors in the 1990s, and has been a part of the design, fabrication, or installation of well over 75 suction piles in the global offshore oil and gas market.,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-08 |title=Suction Pile Design & Installation | Suction Pile Anchors | Subsea Foundations | InterMoor |url=http://www.intermoor.com/services-5/subsea-foundations-7/suction-pile-design-installation-67 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201034423/http://www.intermoor.com/services-5/subsea-foundations-7/suction-pile-design-installation-67 |archive-date=2015-02-01 |access-date=2014-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.intermoor.com/assets/uploads/cms/rows/files/186-4-Foundations-Experience-02-2014.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-12-03 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204615/http://www.intermoor.com/assets/uploads/cms/rows/files/186-4-Foundations-Experience-02-2014.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In addition to their suction pile work, the company has also produced driven conductors and foundation piles in smaller diameters as well.
==References==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
<!-- Per [[WP:ELMINOFFICIAL]], choose one official website only -->
* {{Official website|http://www.intermoor.com/}}
* http://www.acteon.com/acteon-companies/intermoor-8 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607053407/http://www.acteon.com/acteon-companies/intermoor-8 |date=2014-06-07 }}
* https://www.rigzone.com/search/company.asp?c_id=510
* http://www.subsea.org/company/listdetails.asp?companyid=2743
* http://www.offshorenorway.no/event/companyDetail/id/3316
[[Category:Companies based in Houston]]
| 1,232,963,451
|
[{"title": "InterMoor", "data": {"Company type": "Private limited (Non-trading)", "Industry": "Subsea Services", "Founded": "Morgan City, Louisiana (2004)", "Headquarters": "Houston, Texas, United States", "Area served": "Global", "Key people": "Tom Fulton, Global President", "Number of employees": "500", "Website": "http://www.intermoor.com"}}]
| false
|
# Margaret Roscoe
Margaret Roscoe (née Lace c. 1786 – 1840) was an early 19th-century English botanical illustrator and author. She was a mother to Margaret Sandbach and wife to Edward Roscoe.
## Work
Roscoe illustrated plates in William Roscoe's botanical work Monandrian Plants of the Order Scitamineae: Chiefly Drawn from Living Specimens in the Botanical Gardens at Liverpool. Her sister Mrs James Dixon also illustrated this botanical work. She went on to write and illustrate Floral Illustrations of the Seasons. A plate from this work was displayed in the 2012 exhibition "Portraits of a Garden, Brooklyn Botanic Garden Florilegium" held at the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation.
Roscoe's work Floral Illustrations of the Seasons was engraved by master aquatintist Robert Havell. This book has 55 pages filled with illustrations both hand colored and printed.
She went on to talk about her premise behind the book:
“There is no pursuit which fills the mind with more noble and exalted sentiments than the study of these works of Nature. To her own sex, to whose particular notice she offers it, she trusts it may prove a useful and correct guide to their tastes, both in their selection for a flower garden, and as objects for their pencil.”
Roscoe died in 1840. A memorial sculpture commemorating Roscoe and her husband was undertaken by sculptor John Gibson. This monument can be seen at the Ullet Road Unitarian Church in Liverpool.
The standard author abbreviation M.Roscoe is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
## Family
Roscoe was the daughter of Margaret Griffies and her husband, John Lace, an attorney from Liverpool. Roscoe married her second-cousin Edward Roscoe, the son of William Roscoe in 1810. They had two sons, one of whom died in infancy, the other named Edward Henry Roscoe. They also had a daughter, the poet and novelist Margaret Sandbach. Margaret Sandbach lived from 1812 to 1852.
In addition to Margaret Roscoe, Margaret Griffies and John Lace had an additional 7 children, Thomas Griffiths Lace, Martha Lace, Mary Ann Dixon, Frances Pearson, Jane Lace, Joshua Lace, and Ambrose Lace.
## Hope: Monument to Edward and Margaret Roscoe
John Gibson, an 18th-century artist, dedicated a plaster relief sculpture, which he named "Hope" in honor of Edward and Margaret.
## Gallery
- Crocus flavus
- Delphinum grandiflorum
- Physochlaina orientalis
- Clarkia pulchella
- Anemone palmata
- Campanula pulla
|
enwiki/50493541
|
enwiki
| 50,493,541
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Margaret Roscoe
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Roscoe
|
2024-11-18T05:06:22Z
|
en
|
Q24038739
| 67,344
|
{{short description|English botanical illustrator and author}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Margaret Roscoe
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| honorific_suffix =
| birth_date = 1787
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1840
| occupation = Scientific Illustrator and author
| known_for = Work with Botanical Art
| children = Edward Henry Roscoe, Margaret Sandbach
| parents = Margaret Griffies and John Lace
| relatives = Thomas Griffiths Lace, Martha Lace, Mary Ann Dixon, Frances Pearson, Jane Lace, Joshua Lace, Ambrose Lace
| spouse = Edward Roscoe
}}
'''Margaret Roscoe''' ({{née}} '''Lace''' c. 1786 – 1840) was an early 19th-century English [[botanical illustrator]] and author. She was a mother to Margaret Sandbach and wife to Edward Roscoe.
== Work ==
Roscoe illustrated plates in [[William Roscoe|William Roscoe's]] botanical work ''Monandrian Plants of the Order Scitamineae: Chiefly Drawn from Living Specimens in the Botanical Gardens at Liverpool''.<ref name="RossBay">{{cite web|title=Margaret Roscoe|url=http://rossbayvilla.org/margaret-roscoe-illustrator/|website=www.rossbayvilla.org|publisher=Ross Bay Villa Historic House Museum|access-date=9 May 2016}}</ref> Her sister Mrs James Dixon also illustrated this botanical work.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roscoe|first=William|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94880|title=Monandrian plants of the order Scitamineae :chiefly drawn from living specimens in the botanic garden at Liverpool, arranged according to the system of Linnaeus with descriptions and observations /|publisher=George Smith|year=1828|location=Liverpool, UK|pages=8|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.43734}}</ref> She went on to write and illustrate ''Floral Illustrations of the Seasons''.<ref name="Roscoe1831">{{cite book|last1=Roscoe|first1=Margaret|title=Floral illustrations of the seasons, consisting of the most beautiful, hardy and rare herbaceous plants cultivated in the flower garden, from drawings|date=1831|publisher=Robert Havell|location=London|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7758#/summary|access-date=9 May 2016}}</ref> A plate from this work was displayed in the 2012 exhibition "Portraits of a Garden, Brooklyn Botanic Garden Florilegium" held at the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation.<ref name="Hunt2012">{{cite web|title=Portraits of a Garden, Brooklyn Botanic Garden Florilegium|url=http://www.huntbotanical.org/exhibitions/show.php?15|website=www.huntbotanical.org|publisher=Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation|access-date=9 May 2016}}</ref>
Roscoe's work ''Floral Illustrations of the Seasons'' was engraved by master aquatintist Robert Havell. This book has 55 pages filled with illustrations both hand colored and printed.<ref name="RossBay" />
She went on to talk about her premise behind the book:<blockquote>''“There is no pursuit which fills the mind with more noble and exalted sentiments than the study of these works of Nature. To her own sex, to whose particular notice she offers it, she trusts it may prove a useful and correct guide to their tastes, both in their selection for a flower garden, and as objects for their pencil.”'' <ref name="RossBay" /></blockquote>Roscoe died in 1840. A memorial sculpture commemorating Roscoe and her husband was undertaken by sculptor [[John Gibson (sculptor)|John Gibson]]. This monument can be seen at the [[Ullet Road Unitarian Church]] in [[Liverpool]].<ref name="Gibson">{{cite web|title=Gibson, John|url=http://217.204.55.158/henrymoore/works/browserecord.php?-action=browse&-recid=12088&x=18|website=A Biographical Dictionary of Sculptors in Britain, 1660-1851|publisher=Henry Moore Foundation|access-date=9 May 2016}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
{{botanist|M.Roscoe|inline=yes}}
== Family ==
Roscoe was the daughter of Margaret Griffies and her husband, John Lace, an attorney from Liverpool.<ref name="Dickinson1957">{{cite journal|last1=Dickinson|first1=R.|title=James Nasmyth and the Liverpool iron trade.|journal=Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire|date=1957|volume=108|pages=83–104|url=http://www.hslc.org.uk/documents/PDFS/1956.pdf|access-date=9 May 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923082737/http://www.hslc.org.uk/documents/PDFS/1956.pdf|archive-date=23 September 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Roscoe married her second-cousin Edward Roscoe, the son of William Roscoe in 1810.<ref name="RossBay" /><ref name="Dickinson1957" /> They had two sons, one of whom died in infancy, the other named Edward Henry Roscoe. They also had a daughter, the poet and novelist [[Margaret Sandbach]].<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Sandbach [née Roscoe], Margaret (1812–1852) |first=Virginia H. |last=Blain |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-61566 |date=23 September 2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/61566 }}</ref> Margaret Sandbach lived from 1812 to 1852.<ref name="RossBay" />
In addition to Margaret Roscoe, Margaret Griffies and John Lace had an additional 7 children, Thomas Griffiths Lace, Martha Lace, Mary Ann Dixon, Frances Pearson, Jane Lace, Joshua Lace, and Ambrose Lace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/family-tree/join?name=|title=Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com|website=www.geni.com|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>
== Hope: Monument to Edward and Margaret Roscoe ==
John Gibson, an 18th-century artist, dedicated a plaster relief sculpture, which he named "Hope" in honor of Edward and Margaret.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/work-of-art/hope-monument-to-edward-and-margaret-roscoe|title=Hope: Monument to Edward and Margaret Roscoe {{!}} Works of Art {{!}} RA Collection {{!}} Royal Academy of Arts|website=www.royalacademy.org.uk|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>
== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Floral illustrations of the seasons (Plate 1) (6049519480).jpg|''[[Crocus flavus]]''
File:Floral illustrations of the seasons (Plate 27) (6048976193).jpg|''[[Delphinum grandiflorum]]''
File:Floral illustrations of the seasons (Plate 10) (6048973627).jpg|''[[Physochlaina orientalis]]''
File:Floral illustrations of the seasons (Plate 23) (6048969337).jpg|''[[Clarkia pulchella]]''
File:Floral illustrations of the seasons (Plate 19) (6049521404).jpg|''[[Anemone palmata]]''
File:Floral illustrations of the seasons (Plate 21) (6048968823).jpg|''[[Campanula pulla]]''
</gallery>
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Margaret Roscoe}}
*[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/43734#/summary ''Monandrian Plants of the Order Scitamineae: Chiefly Drawn from Living Specimens in the Botanical Gardens at Liverpool'' containing illustrations by Margaret Roscoe]
*[https://www.flickr.com/search/?user_id=61021753%40N02&view_all=1&text=margaretroscoe Biodiversity Heritage Library Flickr]
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Roscoe, Margaret}}
[[Category:1780s births]]
[[Category:1840 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century English women writers]]
[[Category:19th-century English writers]]
[[Category:English botanical illustrators]]
[[Category:English artists]]
| 1,258,108,834
|
[{"title": "Margaret Roscoe", "data": {"Born": "1787", "Died": "1840", "Occupation(s)": "Scientific Illustrator and author", "Known for": "Work with Botanical Art", "Spouse": "Edward Roscoe", "Children": "Edward Henry Roscoe, Margaret Sandbach", "Parent(s)": "Margaret Griffies and John Lace", "Relatives": "Thomas Griffiths Lace, Martha Lace, Mary Ann Dixon, Frances Pearson, Jane Lace, Joshua Lace, Ambrose Lace"}}]
| false
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# Mobile workspace
A mobile workspace is a user's portable working environment that gives them access to the applications, files and services they need to do their job no matter where they are.
Mobile workspace technology describes a set of software and services that deliver corporate apps, files and services to a user on any device and over any network. This technology was designed for business users that require access to all of their content on both corporate and personally-owned devices, including PCs, smartphones and tablets. Mobile workspace technologies are formed by bringing together a set of software and services including desktop virtualization, application virtualization, enterprise mobility management, file sharing, virtual private networks and more (see the full list below).
## Business Need
According to recent research, combined shipments of devices including PCs, tablets, ultramobiles and mobile phones are projected to reach 2.5 billion units in 2014, a 7.6 percent increase from 2013. This trend, which is expected to continue to grow, is being driven by users who utilize more than one device. In fact, today the average user has 3+ different devices that they use for work purposes on a daily basis. These mobile devices entering the enterprise has led to over 60% of information workers working outside of a traditional office. While the shift to mobility seems to be growing, it is causing problems for both the end user and IT department. End users don't feel they are equipped to work outside of the office and IT is forced to manage the security risks presented by data and applications leaving the corporate network.
To address these challenges, organizations are looking to mobile workspace technology that can provide users access to their corporate applications, files and services while maintaining security for their IT department. Mark Bowker, senior analyst, Enterprise Strategy Group said, "Mobile workspaces are playing a key role in addressing the new organizational imperative around secure mobility".
## Components
Applications
Microsoft (particularly Microsoft Office) have been the dominant office software suite for enterprise along with numerous other Windows applications. Newer to the market is the growth of Software-as-a-Service and web-based applications such as Salesforce.com, LinkedIn and Evernote. Additionally, mobile applications have seen growth of 200% from 2011 to 2012, a trend that is expected to continue into 2013. A mobile workspace includes access to all types of applications (Windows, mobile, web, SaaS, and HTML5-based) from the user device.
Data
Files access is important for business productivity as well as business collaboration. A user's mobile workspace must give a user access to all of their corporate data and allow for this data to be accessible on multiple devices. This requirement for file sync and sharing has led to the growth of many online sharing options including Citrix Sharefile, Dropbox, Google Drive, Box, and iCloud.
Collaboration
Due to factors like globalization, telecommuting and employees working outside of traditional offices, collaboration tools are becoming increasingly important. Collaboration tools include electronic communication, online web-conferencing, file sharing and social collaboration software.
Network access
People now work from all locations – the office, a coffee shop, the airport, their homes – yet still require access to their content. When outside the office, people still need access to resources behind the firewall generally requiring VPN access. A mobile workspace allows secure access to apps, data and services no matter where the user is or what type of network they are using (LAN, WAN, 3G/4G, etc.).
Cloud
As cloud computing becomes more popular, IT organizations are looking to the cloud to host more services than ever before. IT departments now can choose where to host their apps, data, desktops, etc. in the most appropriate location whether that's on-premises in a datacenter or a private, public or hybrid cloud. Users need access to these resources from their mobile workspace.
Any device
Research suggests that mobile devices are set to outnumber the total number people on earth by 2014. As device types and manufacturers continue to grow, users still need to access their mobile workspace irrespective of device type, operating system or manufacturer.
## Technologies that make up a mobile workspace
- Desktop virtualization
- Application virtualization
- Mobile device management
- Mobile application management
- Enterprise mobility management
- File sync and share
- Remote desktop software
- WAN optimization
- Collaboration software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_workspace
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Q18346274
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A '''mobile workspace''' is a user's portable working environment that gives them access to the applications, files and services they need to do their job no matter where they are.
Mobile workspace technology describes a set of software and services that deliver corporate apps, files and services to a user on any device and over any network. This technology was designed for business users that require access to all of their content on both corporate and personally-owned devices, including PCs, smartphones and tablets. Mobile workspace technologies are formed by bringing together a set of software and services including [[desktop virtualization]], [[application virtualization]], [[Enterprise Mobility Management|enterprise mobility management]], [[file sharing]], [[virtual private network]]s and more (see the full list below).
== Business Need ==
According to recent research, combined shipments of devices including PCs, tablets, ultramobiles and mobile phones are projected to reach 2.5 billion units in 2014, a 7.6 percent increase from 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last1=van der Meulen|first1=Rob|title=Gartner Says Worldwide Traditional PC, Tablet, Ultramobile and Mobile Phone Shipments On Pace to Grow 7.6 Percent in 2014|url=http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2645115|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108043306/http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2645115|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 8, 2014|website=Gartner.com|access-date=19 June 2014}}</ref> This trend, which is expected to continue to grow, is being driven by users who utilize more than one device. In fact, today the average user has 3+ different devices that they use for work purposes on a daily basis.<ref>{{cite journal|title=2013 Mobile Workforce Adoption Trends|journal=Forrester Research|date=February 4, 2013}}</ref> These mobile devices entering the enterprise has led to over 60% of information workers working outside of a traditional office.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Application and Collaboration Workforce Survey|journal=Forrester Research Inc's Business Technographics|date=Fourth Quarter 2013}}</ref> While the shift to mobility seems to be growing, it is causing problems for both the end user and IT department. End users don't feel they are equipped to work outside of the office<ref>{{cite journal|title=Telecom and Mobility Workforce Survey|journal=Forrester Business Technographics|date=Second Quarter 2013}}</ref> and IT is forced to manage the security risks presented by data and applications leaving the corporate network.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Security Survey|journal=Forrester Business Technographics|date=Second Quarter 2013}}</ref>
To address these challenges, organizations are looking to mobile workspace technology that can provide users access to their corporate applications, files and services while maintaining security for their IT department.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lambert|first1=Natalie|title=CIOs: Focus On The Individual (Are You Ready For User-Centric IT?)|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/netapp/2014/06/19/cio-user-centric-it/|website=[[Forbes]]|access-date=19 June 2014}}</ref> Mark Bowker, senior analyst, Enterprise Strategy Group said, "Mobile workspaces are playing a key role in addressing the new organizational imperative around secure mobility".<ref>{{cite web|title=Citrix Customers Transform Their Businesses with Mobile Workspace Solutions|url=http://investors.citrix.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=834155|publisher=Citrix|access-date=19 June 2014}}</ref>
== Components ==
'''Applications'''
[[Microsoft]] (particularly [[Microsoft Office]]) have been the dominant office software suite for enterprise along with numerous other [[Windows Applications|Windows applications]]. Newer to the market is the growth of [[SaaS|Software-as-a-Service]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kanaracus|first1=Chris|title=Gartner: SaaS market to grow 17.9 percent to $14.5 billion|url=http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/gartner-saas-market-grow-179-percent-145-billion-189583|website=InfoWorld.com|publisher=InfoWorld|access-date=19 June 2014|date=2012-03-27}}</ref> and web-based applications such as [[Salesforce.com]], [[LinkedIn]] and [[Evernote]]. Additionally, mobile applications have seen growth of 200% from 2011 to 2012, a trend that is expected to continue into 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mobile Applications Futures 2013-2017|url=http://www.portioresearch.com/en/major-reports/current-portfolio/mobile-applications-futures-2013-2017.aspx|website=portioresearch.com/|access-date=2014-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331234444/http://www.portioresearch.com/en/major-reports/current-portfolio/mobile-applications-futures-2013-2017.aspx|archive-date=2014-03-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> A mobile workspace includes access to all types of applications (Windows, mobile, web, SaaS, and HTML5-based) from the user device.
'''Data'''
Files access is important for business productivity as well as business collaboration. A user's mobile workspace must give a user access to all of their corporate data and allow for this data to be accessible on multiple devices. This requirement for file sync and sharing has led to the growth of many online sharing options<ref>{{cite web|last1=McClure|first1=Terri|title=Market Landscape Report: Online File Sharing and Collaboration in the Enterprise|url=http://www.esg-global.com/linkservid/E5D25DD4-98E8-DC8E-62DD9C6B0817F426/showMeta/0/|website=esg-global.com|access-date=19 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410024654/http://www.esg-global.com/linkservid/e5d25dd4-98e8-dc8e-62dd9c6b0817f426/showmeta/0/|archive-date=10 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> including Citrix Sharefile, Dropbox, Google Drive, [[Box (company)|Box]], and [[iCloud]].
'''Collaboration'''
Due to factors like globalization, telecommuting<ref>{{cite web|last1=Biro|first1=Meghan|title=Telecommuting Is The Future of Work|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/meghanbiro/2014/01/12/telecommuting-is-the-future-of-work/|work=Forbes|access-date=19 June 2014}}</ref> and employees working outside of traditional offices, collaboration tools are becoming increasingly important. Collaboration tools include [[electronic communication]], [[Web conference|online web-conferencing]], [[file sharing]] and [[social collaboration|social collaboration software]].
'''Network access'''
People now work from all locations – the office, a coffee shop, the airport, their homes – yet still require access to their content.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Meister|first1=Jeanne|title=The Death Of The Office: What Happens When The Workspace Is Mobile, On-Demand And All About Networking|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeannemeister/2013/11/06/the-death-of-the-office-what-happens-when-the-workspace-is-mobile-on-demand-and-all-about-networking/|work=Forbes|access-date=19 June 2014}}</ref> When outside the office, people still need access to resources behind the firewall generally requiring VPN access. A mobile workspace allows secure access to apps, data and services no matter where the user is or what type of network they are using (LAN, WAN, 3G/4G, etc.).
'''Cloud'''
As [[cloud computing]] becomes more popular, IT organizations are looking to the cloud to host more services than ever before.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Columbus|first1=Louis|title=Predicting Enterprise Cloud Computing Growth|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/louiscolumbus/2013/09/04/predicting-enterprise-cloud-computing-growth/|work=forbes.com|access-date=19 June 2014}}</ref> IT departments now can choose where to host their apps, data, desktops, etc. in the most appropriate location whether that's on-premises in a datacenter or a private, public or [[hybrid cloud]]. Users need access to these resources from their mobile workspace.
'''Any device'''
Research suggests that mobile devices are set to outnumber the total number people on earth by 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mobiles 'to outnumber people next year', says UN agency|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-22464368|work=BBC News|date=2013-05-09}}</ref> As device types and manufacturers continue to grow, users still need to access their mobile workspace irrespective of device type, operating system or manufacturer.
== Technologies that make up a mobile workspace ==
* [[Desktop virtualization]]
* [[Application virtualization]]
* [[Mobile device management]]
* [[Mobile application management]]
* [[Enterprise mobility management]]
* [[File sharing|File sync and share]]
* [[Remote desktop software]]
* [[WAN optimization]]
* [[Collaboration software]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Mobile technology]]
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[]
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# Ludwik Hirszfeld
Ludwik Hirszfeld (Polish pronunciation: [ˈludvik xirʂfelt]; 5 August 1884 – 7 March 1954) was a Polish microbiologist and serologist. He is considered a co-discoverer of the inheritance of ABO blood types.
## Life
He was a cousin of Aleksander Rajchman, a Polish mathematician, and of Ludwik Rajchman, a Polish bacteriologist.
He was born into a Jewish family in Łódź and studied medicine in Germany. In 1902 he entered the University of Würzburg and transferred in 1904 to Berlin, where he attended lectures in medicine and philosophy. Hirszfeld completed his doctoral dissertation, "Über Blutagglutination," in 1907, thus taking the first step in what was to become his specialty. But first he became a junior assistant in cancer research at the Heidelberg Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, where E. von Dungern was his department head. Hirszfeld soon formed a close personal friendship with Dungern which proved to be scientifically fruitful. At Heidelberg they did the first joint work on animal and human blood groups which, in 1900, had been identified as isoagglutinins by Karl Landsteiner. Von Dungern and Hirszfeld examined 348 individuals from 72 families and showed that blood groups A and B did not occur in the offspring unless they were present in at least one of the parents, fulfilling the Mendelian principles of inheritance. They also showed that A and B are dominant, while O is a recessive trait. In addition, they came up with the names A, B and O for these blood groups, which have been used since. One year later, they showed that agglutination of A red blood cells can be strong or weak, and proposed two subtypes, named A1 and A2.
Hirszfeld gradually found the working conditions at Heidelberg too confining and to familiarize himself with the entire field of hygiene and microbiology, in 1911 he accepted an assistantship at the Hygiene Institute of the University of Zurich, just after he had married. His wife Hanka (1884–1964, born Hanna Kasman), also a physician, became an assistant at the Zurich Children's Clinic under Emil Feer.
In 1914 Hirszfeld was made an academic lecturer on the basis of his work on anaphylaxis and anaphylatoxin and their relationships to coagulation; he was also named "Privatdozent." When World War I broke out, Serbia was devastated by epidemics of typhus and bacillary dysentery. In 1915 Hirszfeld applied for duty there. He remained with the Serbian army until the end of the war, serving as serological and bacteriological adviser. At this time, in the hospital for contagious diseases in Thessaloniki he discovered the bacillus "Salmonella paratyphi" C, today called "Salmonella hirszfeldi."
As a physician in the Allied Army of the Orient, together with his wife, he tested over 8000 individuals from at least 16 different ethnic groups, and found that the frequency of blood groups differed depending on the ethnic background; group A was more common among people from Western Europe (English 46% A, 10% B), while B was more common among Asians (Indian 27% A, 47% B). Their report was accepted by The Lancet and published in 1919, and it was the first paper showing that blood group frequencies differ between populations.
In 1914, together with R. Klinger, Hirszfeld developed a serodiagnostic reaction test for syphilis, which did not, however, replace the Wasserman test introduced in 1906. His studies of goiter in Swiss endemic regions brought him into sharp disagreement with Eugen Bircher. Hirszfeld was a proponent of the today widely confirmed theory — that endemic goitres are caused by iodine deficiency in water and food, in opposition to the hydrotelluric theory, to which Bircher was partial to.
After the end of the war Hirszfeld and his wife returned to Warsaw, where he established a serum institute modeled after the Ehrlich Institute for Experimental Therapy in Frankfurt. He soon became the deputy director and scientific head of the State Hygiene Institute in Warsaw and, in 1924, professor there. He was involved in studies how ABO blood group incompatibility between mother and foetus may cause damage to the foetus or newborn. It seems that he was the first to propose that serologic incompatibility between mother and foetus may lead to abortion or fetal or neonatal disease. In 1931 he was named full professor at the University of Warsaw and served on many international boards. After the occupation of Poland by the German Army Hirszfeld was dismissed as a "non-Aryan" from the Hygiene Institute but, through the protection of friends, managed to do further scientific work at home until February 1941; it was, however, almost impossible for him to publish.
On 20 February 1941 Hirszfeld was forced to move into the Warsaw ghetto with his wife and daughter. There he organized anti-epidemic measures and vaccination campaigns against typhus and typhoid, as well as conducting secret medical courses. He was helped there by the parish priest Marceli Godlewski. He described the living conditions in the ghetto in his book in The Story of One Life. Between March and June he and his family fled the ghetto and were able to survive underground through using false names and continually changing their hiding place; his daughter died of tuberculosis in the same year.
When a part of Poland was under Soviet Union control in 1944, Hirszfeld immediately collaborated in the establishment of the University of Lublin and became prorector of the university. In 1945 he became director of the Institute for Medical Microbiology at Wrocław and dean of the medical faculty. He continued his research on blood groups and together with obstetrician prof. Kazimierz Jabłoński, introduced exchange transfusion as a treatment for Hemolytic disease of the newborn, which saved the lives of almost 200 children. Both Hirszfelds resisted the pressure from the officials and never joined the Communist party. A few months before his death, the Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy in Wrocław, now affiliated with the Polish Academy of Sciences and named after him, was created. He became its first director.
Hirszfeld received many honors, including honorary doctorates from the universities of Prague (1950) and Zurich (1951). He wrote almost 400 works in German, French, English, and Polish, many in collaboration with other well-known scholars and many with his wife as well.
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{{short description|Polish microbiologist and serologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Ludwik Hirszfeld
| image = Ludwik-Hirszfeld-Narodowe-Archiwum-Cyfrowe.jpg
| caption = Ludwik Hirszfeld, [[microbiologist]] and [[Serology|serologist]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1884|8|5|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Warsaw]], [[Congress Poland]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1954|3|7|1884|8|5|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Wrocław]], [[Polish People's Republic]]
| nationality = {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland|Polish]]
| fields = [[Microbiology]], [[Serology]]
| workplaces =
| alma_mater =
| doctoral_advisor =
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = discovered of the inheritance of [[ABO blood group system|ABO blood type]]
| awards =
| footnotes =
| signature = Ludwik Hirszfeld signature.svg
}}
[[File:Ludwik Hirszfeld 2018 stamp of Serbia.jpg|thumb|Hirszfeld at the 2018 stamp of Serbia]]
'''Ludwik Hirszfeld''' ({{IPA|pl|ˈludvik xirʂfelt}}; 5 August 1884 – 7 March 1954) was a Polish [[microbiologist]] and [[Serology|serologist]]. He is considered a co-discoverer of the inheritance of [[ABO blood group system|ABO blood type]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Czerwinski|first1=Marcin|last2=Kaczmarek|first2=Radoslaw|last3=Glensk|first3=Urszula|title=Ludwik Hirszfeld: A pioneer of transfusion and immunology during the world wars and beyond|journal=Vox Sanguinis|year=2021|volume=117 |issue=4 |pages=467–475 |language=en|doi=10.1111/vox.13214|pmid=34743351|pmc=9297968 |s2cid=243846364|issn=1423-0410}}</ref>
==Life==
He was a cousin of [[Aleksander Rajchman]], a Polish mathematician, and of [[Ludwik Rajchman]], a Polish bacteriologist.
He was born into a Jewish family in [[Łódź]] and studied [[medicine]] in [[Germany]]. In 1902 he entered the [[University of Würzburg]] and transferred in 1904 to [[Berlin]], where he attended lectures in medicine and philosophy. Hirszfeld completed his doctoral dissertation, "Über Blutagglutination," in 1907, thus taking the first step in what was to become his specialty. But first he became a junior assistant in cancer research at the Heidelberg Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, where [[Emil Freiherr von Dungern|E. von Dungern]] was his department head. Hirszfeld soon formed a close personal friendship with Dungern which proved to be scientifically fruitful. At Heidelberg they did the first joint work on animal and human blood groups which, in 1900, had been identified as isoagglutinins by [[Karl Landsteiner]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Landsteiner|first=Karl|year=1900|title=Zur Kenntnis des antifermentativen, lytischen und agglutinierenden Wirkungen des Blutserums und der Lymphe|journal=Zentralbl Bakteriol|volume=27|pages=357–362}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Landsteiner|first=Karl|year=1901|title=Ueber Agglutinationserscheinungen normalen menschlichen Bluttes|journal=Wien Klin Wochenschr|volume=14|pages=1132–1134}}</ref> Von Dungern and Hirszfeld examined 348 individuals from 72 families and showed that blood groups A and B did not occur in the offspring unless they were present in at least one of the parents, fulfilling the Mendelian principles of inheritance. They also showed that A and B are dominant, while O is a recessive trait. In addition, they came up with the names A, B and O for these blood groups, which have been used since.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dungern von|first1=Emil|last2=Hirszfeld|location=Ludwik|year=1910|title=Ueber Vererbung gruppenspezifischer Strukturen des Blutes.|journal=Z Immun Forsch Exper Ther|volume=6|pages=284–292}}</ref> One year later, they showed that agglutination of A red blood cells can be strong or weak, and proposed two subtypes, named A1 and A2.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Von Dungern|first1=Emis|last2=Hirszfeld|location=Ludwik|year=1911|title=Ueber gruppenspezifische Strukturen des Blutes III|journal=Z Immun Forsch Exper Ther.|volume=8|pages=526–562}}</ref>
Hirszfeld gradually found the working conditions at [[Heidelberg]] too confining and to familiarize himself with the entire field of hygiene and microbiology, in 1911 he accepted an assistantship at the Hygiene Institute of the [[University of Zurich]], just after he had married. His wife Hanka (1884–1964, born Hanna Kasman), also a physician, became an assistant at the Zurich Children's Clinic under [[Emil Feer]].
In 1914 Hirszfeld was made an academic lecturer on the basis of his work on [[anaphylaxis]] and [[anaphylatoxin]] and their relationships to [[coagulation]]; he was also named "Privatdozent." When World War I broke out, [[Serbia]] was devastated by epidemics of [[typhus]] and bacillary [[dysentery]]. In 1915 Hirszfeld applied for duty there. He remained with the Serbian army until the end of the war, serving as serological and bacteriological adviser. At this time, in the hospital for contagious diseases in [[Thessaloniki]] he discovered the bacillus "Salmonella paratyphi" C, today called "''Salmonella hirszfeldi''."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hirschfeld|first=L.|title=A New Germ of Paratyphoid|date=1919|url=https://zenodo.org/records/1800910/files/article.pdf|journal=The Lancet|volume=193|issue=4982|pages=296–297|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(00)45943-x|issn=0140-6736}}</ref>
As a physician in the [[Allied Army of the Orient]], together with his wife, he tested over 8000 individuals from at least 16 different ethnic groups, and found that the frequency of blood groups differed depending on the ethnic background; group A was more common among people from Western Europe (English 46% A, 10% B), while B was more common among Asians (Indian 27% A, 47% B). Their report was accepted by ''[[The Lancet]]'' and published in 1919, and it was the first paper showing that blood group frequencies differ between populations.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hirschfeld|first1=Ludwik|last2=Hirschfeld|first2=Hanka|title=Serological Differences Between the Blood of Different Races|date=1919|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1528908|journal=The Lancet|volume=194|issue=5016|pages=675–679|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(01)48686-7|issn=0140-6736}}</ref>
In 1914, together with [[R. Klinger]], Hirszfeld developed a [[serodiagnosis|serodiagnostic]] reaction test for [[syphilis]], which did not, however, replace the [[Wasserman test]] introduced in 1906. His studies of goiter in Swiss endemic regions brought him into sharp disagreement with [[Eugen Bircher]]. Hirszfeld was a proponent of the today widely confirmed theory — that endemic [[goitre]]s are caused by [[iodine]] deficiency in water and food, in opposition to the [[hydrotelluric theory]], to which Bircher was partial to.
After the end of the war Hirszfeld and his wife returned to [[Warsaw]], where he established a serum institute modeled after the [[Paul Ehrlich Institute|Ehrlich Institute for Experimental Therapy]] in [[Frankfurt]]. He soon became the deputy director and scientific head of the State Hygiene Institute in Warsaw and, in 1924, professor there.<ref name=bme/> He was involved in studies how ABO blood group incompatibility between mother and foetus may cause damage to the foetus or newborn.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hirszfeld|first1=Ludwik|last2=Zborowski|location=Henryk|year=1926|title=Ueber die Grundlagen des serologischen Zusammenlebens zwischen Mutter und Frucht|journal=Klin Wochenschr|volume=6|issue=17 |pages=741–744|doi=10.1007/BF01724752 |s2cid=12079807 }}</ref> It seems that he was the first to propose that serologic incompatibility between mother and foetus may lead to abortion or fetal or neonatal disease. In 1931 he was named full professor at the University of Warsaw and served on many international boards. After the [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupation of Poland]] by the [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German Army]] Hirszfeld was dismissed as a "non-Aryan" from the Hygiene Institute but, through the protection of friends, managed to do further scientific work at home until February 1941; it was, however, almost impossible for him to publish.
On 20 February 1941 Hirszfeld was forced to move into the [[Warsaw ghetto]]<ref name=bme/> with his wife and daughter. There he organized anti-epidemic measures and vaccination campaigns against typhus and typhoid, as well as conducting secret medical courses. He was helped there by the parish priest [[Marceli Godlewski]].<ref name=":2">The Righteous Among the Nations Database at Yad Vashem Remembrance Authority, [https://righteous.yadvashem.org/?search=godlewski&searchType=righteous_only&language=en&itemId=4350098&ind=0 The Righteous: Godlewski Marceli]</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Skibiński |first=Cyryl |title=Marceli Godlewski. Ksiądz po tamtej stronie muru |url=https://www.jhi.pl/artykuly/marceli-godlewski-ksiadz-po-tamtej-stronie-muru,84 |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=Żydowski Instytut Historyczny |language=pl}}</ref> He described the living conditions in the ghetto in his book in ''The Story of One Life''.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hirszfeld|first=Ludwik|title=The Story of One Life|publisher=University of Rochester Press|year=2010|isbn=978-1-58046-338-6|editor-last=Balińska|editor-first=Marta A.|language=English|translator-last=Balińska|translator-first=Marta A.|editor-last2=Schneider|editor-first2=William H.}}</ref> Between March and June he and his family fled the ghetto and were able to survive underground through using false names and continually changing their hiding place; his daughter died of [[tuberculosis]] in the same year.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Glensk|first=Urszula|title=Hirszfeldowie. Zrozumieć krew.|publisher=Universitas|year=2019|isbn=978-83-242-3598-8|location=Kraków|language=Polish|trans-title=Hirszfeld. To understand blood.}}</ref>
When a part of Poland was under Soviet Union control in 1944, Hirszfeld immediately collaborated in the establishment of the [[Maria Curie-Skłodowska University|University of Lublin]] and became [[prorector]] of the university. In 1945 he became director of the Institute for Medical Microbiology at [[Wrocław]] and dean of the medical faculty. He continued his research on blood groups and together with obstetrician prof. Kazimierz Jabłoński, introduced exchange transfusion as a treatment for [[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]], which saved the lives of almost 200 children.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hirszfeld|first1=Ludwik|last2=Lille-Szyszkowicz|first2=Irena|title=O współżyciu serologicznym matki i płodu [About serolgical co-existence of mother and foetus].|journal=Polski Tygodnik Lekarski|volume=2|pages=845–853}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hirszfeld|first=Ludwik|year=1952|title=Genetyka konfliktów serologicznych pomiędzy matką i płodem [genetics of serological conflicts between mother and foetus].|journal=Post Hig Med Dosw|volume=5|pages=188–202}}</ref> Both Hirszfelds resisted the pressure from the officials and never joined the Communist party. A few months before his death, the Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy in Wrocław, now affiliated with the [[Polish Academy of Sciences]] and named after him, was created. He became its first director.
Hirszfeld received many honors, including honorary doctorates from the universities of Prague (1950) and Zurich (1951). He wrote almost 400 works in German, French, English, and Polish, many in collaboration with other well-known scholars and many with his wife as well.
==See also==
* [[Blood type]]
* [[List of Poles#Biology, medicine|List of Poles]]
* [[Occupational hygiene]]
== References ==
{{commons category|Ludwik Hirszfeld}}
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name=bme>[https://xn--90aw5c.xn--c1avg/index.php/%d0%93%d0%98%d0%a0%d0%a8%d0%a4%d0%95%d0%9b%d0%ac%d0%94_%d0%9b%d1%8e%d0%b4%d0%b2%d0%b8%d0%ba ГИРШФЕЛЬД Людвик]. Great Medical Encyclopedia</ref>
}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hirszfeld, Ludwik}}
[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Judaism]]{{according to whom?|date=October 2024}}{{dubious|date=October 2024}}
[[Category:Polish biologists]]
[[Category:Serologists]]
[[Category:Members of the Polish Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Physicians from Wrocław]]
[[Category:Scientists from Warsaw]]
[[Category:Warsaw Ghetto inmates]]
[[Category:1884 births]]
[[Category:1954 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Polish biologists]]
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[{"title": "Ludwik Hirszfeld", "data": {"Born": "5 August 1884 \u00b7 Warsaw, Congress Poland", "Died": "7 March 1954 (aged 69) \u00b7 Wroc\u0142aw, Polish People's Republic", "Nationality": "Polish", "Known for": "discovered of the inheritance of ABO blood type", "Fields": "Microbiology, Serology"}}]
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# Nahuel Barragán
Nahuel Milton Barragán (born 20 February 1996) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward.
## Career
Barragán's career started with Argentinos Juniors, having joined them in 2006. He was an unused substitute once in their title-winning campaign of 2016–17 against Boca Unidos, as they won promotion to the Primera División. On 13 July 2018, Primera B Nacional side Olimpo loaned Barragán. However, he returned to his parent club five months later without featuring. In the succeeding January, Barragán agreed a loan move to Primera B Metropolitana's Flandria. Eleven appearances came in 2018–19, with his first match for the Jáuregui outfit coming in a four-goal victory on the road against All Boys on 29 January.
## Career statistics
As of 2 January 2021.
| Club | Season | League | League | League | Cup | Cup | League Cup | League Cup | Continental | Continental | Other | Other | Total | Total |
| Club | Season | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| ------------------ | ------------ | ----------------------- | ------ | ------ | ---- | ----- | ---------- | ---------- | ----------- | ----------- | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
| Argentinos Juniors | 2016–17 | Primera B Nacional | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Argentinos Juniors | 2017–18 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Argentinos Juniors | 2018–19 | Primera División | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Argentinos Juniors | Total | Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Olimpo (loan) | 2018–19 | Primera B Nacional | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Flandria (loan) | 2018–19 | Primera B Metropolitana | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | — | — | — | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Career total | Career total | Career total | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
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{{short description|Argentine professional footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Nahuel Barragán
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname = Nahuel Milton Barragán
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|2|20|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[General Rodríguez]], Argentina<ref name="World Football">{{cite news|title=Nahuel Barragán|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/nahuel-barragan/486146/|accessdate=18 June 2019|work=World Football}}</ref>
| height =
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| currentclub =
| clubnumber =
| youthyears1 = 2006–2017
| youthclubs1 = [[Argentinos Juniors]]
| years1 = 2017–2019
| clubs1 = [[Argentinos Juniors]]
| caps1 = 0
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2018
| clubs2 = → [[Club Olimpo|Olimpo]] (loan)
| caps2 = 0
| goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2019
| clubs3 = → [[Club Social y Deportivo Flandria|Flandria]] (loan)
| caps3 = 11
| goals3 = 0
| nationalyears1 =
| nationalteam1 =
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| club-update = 20:15, 2 January 2021 (UTC)
| nationalteam-update =
| medaltemplates =
}}
'''Nahuel Milton Barragán''' (born 20 February 1996) is an Argentine professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Forward (association football)|forward]].<ref name="Soccerway">{{cite news|title=Argentina - N. Barragán|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/nahuel-barragan/486146/|accessdate=18 June 2019|work=Soccerway}}</ref>
==Career==
Barragán's career started with [[Argentinos Juniors]], having joined them in 2006.<ref name="Soccerway"/> He was an unused substitute once in their title-winning campaign of [[2016–17 Primera B Nacional|2016–17]] against [[Boca Unidos]], as they won promotion to the [[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]].<ref name="Soccerway"/> On 13 July 2018, [[Primera B Nacional]] side [[Club Olimpo|Olimpo]] loaned Barragán.<ref name="Soccerway"/><ref name="La Nueva 1">{{cite news|title=A Olimpo le faltaba un delantero y llegó Nahuel Barragán: ¿Es el 9 que buscaban?|url=https://www.lanueva.com/nota/2018-7-14-7-0-22-a-olimpo-le-faltaba-un-delantero-y-llego-nahuel-barragan-es-el-9-que-buscaban|accessdate=18 June 2019|work=La Nueva|date=14 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="La Nueva 2">{{cite news|title=Nahuel Barragán, el noveno refuerzo. Llega a préstamo de Argentinos Juniors|url=https://www.pressreader.com/argentina/la-nueva/20180714/282029033000460|accessdate=18 June 2019|work=La Nueva|date=14 July 2018}}</ref> However, he returned to his parent club five months later without featuring.<ref name="Soccerway"/><ref name="Olé">{{cite news|title=No va más|url=https://www.ole.com.ar/futbol-ascenso/va_0_Lk4EpluHi.html|accessdate=18 June 2019|work=Olé|date=14 January 2019}}</ref> In the succeeding January, Barragán agreed a loan move to [[Primera B Metropolitana]]'s [[Club Social y Deportivo Flandria|Flandria]].<ref name="Soccerway"/><ref name="El Civismo">{{cite news|title=Flandria tiene su primer refuerzo: el delantero Nahuel Barragán|url=http://www.elcivismo.com.ar/notas/34701/flandria-tiene-su-primer-refuerzo-el-delantero-nahuel-barragan.html|accessdate=18 June 2019|work=El Civismo|date=16 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="Tribuna Del Pueblo">{{cite news|title=Primer refuerzo para Flandria: Llegó Nahuel Barragán|url=http://tribunadelpueblo.com.ar/2019/01/16/primer-refuerzo-para-flandria-llego-nahuel-barragan/|accessdate=18 June 2019|work=Tribuna Del Pueblo|date=16 January 2019}}</ref> Eleven appearances came in [[2018–19 Primera B Metropolitana|2018–19]], with his first match for the [[Jáuregui, Buenos Aires|Jáuregui]] outfit coming in a four-goal victory on the road against [[All Boys]] on 29 January.<ref name="Soccerway"/>
==Career statistics==
{{updated|2 January 2021}}.<ref name="Soccerway"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|League Cup
!colspan="2"|Continental
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan="4"|[[Argentinos Juniors]]
|[[2016–17 Primera B Nacional|2016–17]]
|rowspan="1"|[[Primera B Nacional]]
|0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||0||0||0||0
|-
|[[2017–18 Argentinos Juniors season|2017–18]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]]
|0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||0||0||0||0
|-
|[[2018–19 Argentine Primera División|2018–19]]
|0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0
|-
|rowspan="1"|[[Club Olimpo|Olimpo]] (loan)
|[[2018–19 Primera B Nacional|2018–19]]
|rowspan="1"|[[Primera B Nacional]]
|0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||0||0||0||0
|-
|rowspan="1"|[[Club Social y Deportivo Flandria|Flandria]] (loan)
|[[2018–19 Primera B Metropolitana|2018–19]]
|rowspan="1"|[[Primera B Metropolitana]]
|11||0||0||0||colspan="2"|—||colspan="2"|—||0||0||11||0
|-
!colspan="3"|Career total
!11!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!0!!11!!0
|}
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*{{Soccerway|nahuel-barragan/486146}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barragan, Nahuel}}
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from Buenos Aires Province]]
[[Category:People from General Rodríguez Partido]]
[[Category:Argentine men's footballers]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Primera B Metropolitana players]]
[[Category:Argentinos Juniors footballers]]
[[Category:Club Olimpo footballers]]
[[Category:CSD Flandria footballers]]
[[Category:21st-century Argentine sportsmen]]
| 1,256,415,766
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[{"title": "Nahuel Barrag\u00e1n", "data": {"Full name": "Nahuel Milton Barrag\u00e1n", "Date of birth": "20 February 1996", "Place of birth": "General Rodr\u00edguez, Argentina", "Position(s)": "Forward"}}, {"title": "Youth career", "data": {"2006\u20132017": "Argentinos Juniors"}}, {"title": "Senior career*", "data": {"Years": "Team \u00b7 Apps \u00b7 (Gls)", "2017\u20132019": "Argentinos Juniors \u00b7 0 \u00b7 (0)", "2018": "\u2192 Olimpo (loan) \u00b7 0 \u00b7 (0)", "2019": "\u2192 Flandria (loan) \u00b7 11 \u00b7 (0)"}}]
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# Lamé function
In mathematics, a Lamé function, or ellipsoidal harmonic function, is a solution of Lamé's equation, a second-order ordinary differential equation. It was introduced in the paper (Gabriel Lamé 1837). Lamé's equation appears in the method of separation of variables applied to the Laplace equation in elliptic coordinates. In some special cases solutions can be expressed in terms of polynomials called Lamé polynomials.
## The Lamé equation
Lamé's equation is
{\displaystyle {\frac {d^{2}y}{dx^{2}}}+(A+B\wp (x))y=0,}
where A and B are constants, and {\displaystyle \wp } is the Weierstrass elliptic function. The most important case is when {\displaystyle B\wp (x)=-\kappa ^{2}\operatorname {sn} ^{2}x}, where {\displaystyle \operatorname {sn} } is the elliptic sine function, and {\displaystyle \kappa ^{2}=n(n+1)k^{2}} for an integer n and {\displaystyle k} the elliptic modulus, in which case the solutions extend to meromorphic functions defined on the whole complex plane. For other values of B the solutions have branch points.
By changing the independent variable to {\displaystyle t} with {\displaystyle t=\operatorname {sn} x}, Lamé's equation can also be rewritten in algebraic form as
{\displaystyle {\frac {d^{2}y}{dt^{2}}}+{\frac {1}{2}}\left({\frac {1}{t-e_{1}}}+{\frac {1}{t-e_{2}}}+{\frac {1}{t-e_{3}}}\right){\frac {dy}{dt}}-{\frac {A+Bt}{4(t-e_{1})(t-e_{2})(t-e_{3})}}y=0,}
which after a change of variable becomes a special case of Heun's equation.
A more general form of Lamé's equation is the ellipsoidal equation or ellipsoidal wave equation which can be written (observe we now write {\displaystyle \Lambda }, not {\displaystyle A} as above)
{\displaystyle {\frac {d^{2}y}{dx^{2}}}+(\Lambda -\kappa ^{2}\operatorname {sn} ^{2}x-\Omega ^{2}k^{4}\operatorname {sn} ^{4}x)y=0,}
where {\displaystyle k} is the elliptic modulus of the Jacobian elliptic functions and {\displaystyle \kappa } and {\displaystyle \Omega } are constants. For {\displaystyle \Omega =0} the equation becomes the Lamé equation with {\displaystyle \Lambda =A}. For {\displaystyle \Omega =0,k=0,\kappa =2h,\Lambda -2h^{2}=\lambda ,x=z\pm {\frac {\pi }{2}}} the equation reduces to the Mathieu equation
{\displaystyle {\frac {d^{2}y}{dz^{2}}}+(\lambda -2h^{2}\cos 2z)y=0.}
The Weierstrassian form of Lamé's equation is quite unsuitable for calculation (as Arscott also remarks, p. 191). The most suitable form of the equation is that in Jacobian form, as above. The algebraic and trigonometric forms are also cumbersome to use. Lamé equations arise in quantum mechanics as equations of small fluctuations about classical solutions—called periodic instantons, bounces or bubbles—of Schrödinger equations for various periodic and anharmonic potentials.
## Asymptotic expansions
Asymptotic expansions of periodic ellipsoidal wave functions, and therewith also of Lamé functions, for large values of {\displaystyle \kappa } have been obtained by Müller.
The asymptotic expansion obtained by him for the eigenvalues {\displaystyle \Lambda } is, with {\displaystyle q} approximately an odd integer (and to be determined more precisely by boundary conditions – see below),
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\Lambda (q)={}&q\kappa -{\frac {1}{2^{3}}}(1+k^{2})(q^{2}+1)-{\frac {q}{2^{6}\kappa }}\{(1+k^{2})^{2}(q^{2}+3)-4k^{2}(q^{2}+5)\}\\[6pt]&{}-{\frac {1}{2^{10}\kappa ^{2}}}{\Big \{}(1+k^{2})^{3}(5q^{4}+34q^{2}+9)-4k^{2}(1+k^{2})(5q^{4}+34q^{2}+9)\\[6pt]&{}-384\Omega ^{2}k^{4}(q^{2}+1){\Big \}}-\cdots ,\end{aligned}}}
(another (fifth) term not given here has been calculated by Müller, the first three terms have also been obtained by Ince). Observe terms are alternately even and odd in {\displaystyle q} and {\displaystyle \kappa } (as in the corresponding calculations for Mathieu functions, and oblate spheroidal wave functions and prolate spheroidal wave functions). With the following boundary conditions (in which {\displaystyle K(k)} is the quarter period given by a complete elliptic integral)
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Ec} (2K)=\operatorname {Ec} (0)=0,\;\;\operatorname {Es} (2K)=\operatorname {Es} (0)=0,}
as well as (the prime meaning derivative)
{\displaystyle (\operatorname {Ec} )_{2K}^{'}=(\operatorname {Ec} )_{0}^{'}=0,\;\;(\operatorname {Es} )_{2K}^{'}=(\operatorname {Es} )_{0}^{'}=0,}
defining respectively the ellipsoidal wave functions
{\displaystyle \operatorname {Ec} _{n}^{q_{0}},\operatorname {Es} _{n}^{q_{0}+1},\operatorname {Ec} _{n}^{q_{0}-1},\operatorname {Es} _{n}^{q_{0}}}
of periods {\displaystyle 4K,2K,2K,4K,} and for {\displaystyle q_{0}=1,3,5,\ldots } one obtains
{\displaystyle q-q_{0}=\mp 2{\sqrt {\frac {2}{\pi }}}\left({\frac {1+k}{1-k}}\right)^{-\kappa /k}\left({\frac {8\kappa }{1-k^{2}}}\right)^{q_{0}/2}{\frac {1}{[(q_{0}-1)/2]!}}\left[1-{\frac {3(q_{0}^{2}+1)(1+k^{2})}{2^{5}\kappa }}+\cdots \right].}
Here the upper sign refers to the solutions {\displaystyle \operatorname {Ec} } and the lower to the solutions {\displaystyle \operatorname {Es} }. Finally expanding {\displaystyle \Lambda (q)} about {\displaystyle q_{0},} one obtains
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\Lambda _{\pm }(q)\simeq {}&\Lambda (q_{0})+(q-q_{0})\left({\frac {\partial \Lambda }{\partial q}}\right)_{q_{0}}+\cdots \\[6pt]={}&\Lambda (q_{0})+(q-q_{0})\kappa \left[1-{\frac {q_{0}(1+k^{2})}{2^{2}\kappa }}-{\frac {1}{2^{6}\kappa ^{2}}}\{3(1+k^{2})^{2}(q_{0}^{2}+1)-4k^{2}(q_{0}^{2}+2q_{0}+5)\}+\cdots \right]\\[6pt]\simeq {}&\Lambda (q_{0})\mp 2\kappa {\sqrt {\frac {2}{\pi }}}\left({\frac {1+k}{1-k}}\right)^{-\kappa /k}\left({\frac {8\kappa }{1-k^{2}}}\right)^{q_{0}/2}{\frac {1}{[(q_{0}-1)/2]!}}{\Big [}1-{\frac {1}{2^{5}\kappa }}(1+k^{2})(3q_{0}^{2}+8q_{0}+3)\\[6pt]&{}+{\frac {1}{3.2^{11}\kappa ^{2}}}\{3(1+k^{2})^{2}(9q_{0}^{4}+8q_{0}^{3}-78q_{0}^{2}-88q_{0}-87)\\[6pt]&{}+128k^{2}(2q_{0}^{3}+9q_{0}^{2}+10q_{0}+15)\}-\cdots {\Big ]}.\end{aligned}}}
In the limit of the Mathieu equation (to which the Lamé equation can be reduced) these expressions reduce to the corresponding expressions of the Mathieu case (as shown by Müller).
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{{short description|Solutions of Lamé's equation}}
In mathematics, a '''Lamé function''', or '''ellipsoidal harmonic function''', is a solution of '''Lamé's equation''', a second-order [[ordinary differential equation]]. It was introduced in the paper {{harvs|first=Gabriel|last= Lamé|authorlink= Gabriel Lamé|year=1837}}. Lamé's equation appears in the method of [[separation of variables]] applied to the [[Laplace equation]] in [[elliptic coordinates]]. In some special cases solutions can be expressed in terms of polynomials called '''Lamé polynomials'''.
== The Lamé equation ==
Lamé's equation is
:<math>\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} + (A+B\weierp(x))y = 0, </math>
where ''A'' and ''B'' are constants, and <math>\wp</math> is the [[Weierstrass elliptic function]]. The most important case is when <math> B\weierp(x) = - \kappa^2 \operatorname{sn}^2x </math>, where [[sn (elliptic function)|<math>\operatorname{sn}</math> is the elliptic sine function]], and <math> \kappa^2 = n(n+1)k^2 </math> for an integer ''n'' and <math> k</math> the elliptic modulus, in which case the solutions extend to meromorphic functions defined on the whole complex plane. For other values of ''B'' the solutions have [[branch point]]s.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
By changing the independent variable to <math>t</math> with <math> t=\operatorname{sn} x</math>, Lamé's equation can also be rewritten in algebraic form as
: <math>\frac{d^2y}{dt^2} +\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{t-e_1}+\frac{1}{t-e_2}+\frac{1}{t-e_3}\right) \frac{dy}{dt} - \frac{A+Bt}{4(t-e_1)(t-e_2)(t-e_3)}y = 0, </math>
which after a change of variable becomes a special case of [[Heun's equation]].
A more general form of Lamé's equation is the [[ellipsoidal equation]] or [[ellipsoidal wave equation]] which can be written (observe we now write <math>\Lambda</math>, not <math>A</math> as above)
:<math>\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} + (\Lambda - \kappa^2 \operatorname{sn}^2x - \Omega^2k^4 \operatorname{sn}^4x)y = 0, </math>
where <math> k </math> is the elliptic modulus of the Jacobian elliptic functions and <math> \kappa</math> and <math> \Omega</math> are constants. For <math>\Omega = 0</math> the equation becomes the Lamé equation with <math>\Lambda = A</math>. For <math> \Omega = 0, k = 0, \kappa = 2h, \Lambda -2h^2 = \lambda, x= z \pm \frac{\pi}{2}</math> the equation reduces to the [[Mathieu equation]]
:<math> \frac{d^2y}{dz^2} + (\lambda - 2h^2\cos 2z)y = 0. </math>
The Weierstrassian form of Lamé's equation is quite unsuitable for calculation (as Arscott also remarks, p. 191). The most suitable form of the equation is that in Jacobian form, as above. The algebraic and trigonometric forms are also cumbersome to use. Lamé equations arise in quantum mechanics as equations of small fluctuations about classical solutions—called [[periodic instantons]], bounces or bubbles—of Schrödinger equations for various periodic and anharmonic potentials.<ref>H. J. W. Müller-Kirsten, ''Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrödinger Equation and Path Integral'', 2nd ed. World Scientific, 2012, {{isbn|978-981-4397-73-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Liang | first1=Jiu-Qing | last2=Müller-Kirsten | first2=H.J.W. | last3=Tchrakian | first3=D.H. | title=Solitons, bounces and sphalerons on a circle | journal=Physics Letters B | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=282 | issue=1–2 | year=1992 | issn=0370-2693 | doi=10.1016/0370-2693(92)90486-n | pages=105–110}}</ref>
==Asymptotic expansions==
Asymptotic expansions of periodic ellipsoidal wave functions, and therewith also of Lamé functions, for large values of <math>\kappa </math> have been obtained by Müller.<ref>{{cite journal | last=W. Müller | first=Harald J. | title=Asymptotic Expansions of Ellipsoidal Wave Functions and their Characteristic Numbers | journal=Mathematische Nachrichten | publisher=Wiley | volume=31 | issue=1–2 | year=1966 | issn=0025-584X | doi=10.1002/mana.19660310108 | pages=89–101 | language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Müller | first=Harald J. W. | title=Asymptotic Expansions of Ellipsoidal Wave Functions in Terms of Hermite Functions | journal=Mathematische Nachrichten | publisher=Wiley | volume=32 | issue=1–2 | year=1966 | issn=0025-584X | doi=10.1002/mana.19660320106 | pages=49–62 | language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Müller | first=Harald J. W. | title=On Asymptotic Expansions of Ellipsoidal Wave Functions | journal=Mathematische Nachrichten | publisher=Wiley | volume=32 | issue=3–4 | year=1966 | issn=0025-584X | doi=10.1002/mana.19660320305 | pages=157–172 | language=de}}</ref>
The asymptotic expansion obtained by him for the eigenvalues <math>\Lambda </math> is, with <math> q </math> approximately an odd integer (and to be determined more precisely by boundary conditions – see below),
: <math>
\begin{align}
\Lambda(q) = {} & q\kappa - \frac{1}{2^3}(1+k^2)(q^2+1) - \frac{q}{2^6\kappa}\{(1+k^2)^2(q^2+3) - 4k^2(q^2+5)\} \\[6pt]
& {} -\frac{1}{2^{10}\kappa^2} \Big\{(1+k^2)^3(5q^4+34q^2+9) - 4k^2(1+k^2)(5q^4+34q^2+9) \\[6pt]
& {} - 384\Omega^2k^4(q^2+1)\Big\} - \cdots ,
\end{align}
</math>
(another (fifth) term not given here has been calculated by Müller, the first three terms have also been obtained by Ince<ref>{{cite journal | last=Ince | first=E. L. | title=VII—Further Investigations into the Periodic Lamé Functions | journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh | publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP) | volume=60 | issue=1 | year=1940 | issn=0370-1646 | doi=10.1017/s0370164600020071 | pages=83–99}}</ref>). Observe terms are alternately even and odd in <math>q</math> and <math>\kappa</math> (as in the corresponding calculations for [[Mathieu function]]s, and [[oblate spheroidal wave functions]] and [[prolate spheroidal wave functions]]). With the following boundary conditions (in which <math> K(k)</math> is the quarter period given by a complete elliptic integral)
: <math> \operatorname{Ec}(2K) = \operatorname{Ec}(0) = 0,\;\; \operatorname{Es}(2K) = \operatorname{Es}(0) = 0, </math>
as well as (the [[Notation for differentiation#Lagrange's notation|prime]] meaning derivative)
: <math> (\operatorname{Ec})^'_{2K} = (\operatorname{Ec})^'_0 = 0, \;\; (\operatorname{Es})^'_{2K} = (\operatorname{Es})^'_0 = 0, </math>
defining respectively the ellipsoidal wave functions
: <math>\operatorname{Ec}^{q_0}_n, \operatorname{Es}^{q_0+1}_n, \operatorname{Ec}^{q_0-1}_n, \operatorname{Es}^{q_0}_n</math>
of periods <math>4K, 2K, 2K, 4K, </math> and for <math>q_0=1,3,5, \ldots</math> one obtains
: <math>q-q_0 = \mp 2\sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi}} \left( \frac{1+k}{1-k}\right)^{-\kappa/k} \left( \frac{8\kappa}{1-k^2}\right)^{q_0/2}\frac{1}{[(q_0-1)/2]!} \left[ 1 - \frac{3(q^2_0+1)(1+k^2)}{2^5\kappa} + \cdots \right]. </math>
Here the upper sign refers to the solutions <math>\operatorname{Ec}</math> and the lower to the solutions <math>\operatorname{Es}</math>. Finally expanding <math>\Lambda(q)</math> about <math>q_0,</math> one obtains
: <math>
\begin{align}
\Lambda_{\pm}(q) \simeq {} & \Lambda(q_0) + (q-q_0)\left(\frac{\partial \Lambda}{\partial q} \right)_{q_0} + \cdots \\[6pt]
= {} & \Lambda(q_0) +(q-q_0)\kappa \left[1 - \frac{q_0(1+k^2)}{2^2\kappa} - \frac{1}{2^6\kappa^2}\{3(1+k^2)^2(q^2_0+1)-4k^2(q^2_0+2q_0+5)\}+ \cdots\right] \\[6pt]
\simeq {} & \Lambda(q_0) \mp 2\kappa\sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi}} \left( \frac{1+k}{1-k} \right)^{-\kappa/k} \left( \frac{8\kappa}{1-k^2}\right)^{q_0/2} \frac{1}{[(q_0-1)/2]!} \Big[ 1 - \frac{1}{2^5\kappa}(1+k^2)(3q^2_0+8q_0+3) \\[6pt]
& {} + \frac{1}{3.2^{11}\kappa^2}\{3(1+k^2)^2(9q^4_0+8q^3_0-78q^2_0-88q_0-87) \\[6pt]
& {} + 128k^2(2q^3_0+9q^2_0+10q_0+15)\} - \cdots\Big].
\end{align}
</math>
In the limit of the Mathieu equation (to which the Lamé equation can be reduced) these expressions reduce to the corresponding expressions of the Mathieu case (as shown by Müller).
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
*{{Citation
| last = Arscott
| first = F. M.
| title = Periodic Differential Equations
| place = Oxford
| publisher = [[Pergamon Press]]
| pages = 191–236
| year = 1964
}}.
*{{Citation
| last1 = Erdélyi
| first1 = Arthur
| authorlink = Arthur Erdélyi
| last2 = Magnus
| first2 = Wilhelm
| author2-link = Wilhelm Magnus
| last3 = Oberhettinger
| first3 = Fritz
| last4 = Tricomi
| first4 = Francesco G.
| author4-link = Francesco Tricomi
| title = Higher transcendental functions
| series = Bateman Manuscript Project
| volume = III
| place = New York–Toronto–London
| publisher = [[McGraw-Hill]]
| pages = XVII + 292
| year = 1955
| url = http://apps.nrbook.com/bateman/Vol3.pdf
| mr = 0066496
| zbl = 0064.06302
}}.
*{{Citation
| first = G.
| last = Lamé
| author-link = Gabriel Lamé
| title = Sur les surfaces isothermes dans les corps homogènes en équilibre de température
| journal = [[Journal de mathématiques pures et appliquées]]
| volume = 2
| year = 1837
| pages = 147–188
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k163818/f155.image
}}. Available at [[Gallica]].
*{{springer|id=L/l057400|first=N. Kh.|last= Rozov|title=Lamé equation}}
*{{springer|id=L/l057410|first=N. Kh.|last= Rozov|title=Lamé function}}
*{{dlmf|id=29|first=H. |last=Volkmer}}
* {{Citation
| first = Harald J. W.
| last = Müller-Kirsten
|title = Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: Schrödinger Equation and Path Integral, 2nd ed.
|publisher = World Scientific
|year = 2012
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lame function}}
[[Category:Special functions]]
[[Category:Ellipsoids]]
| 1,275,628,444
|
[]
| true
|
# Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
The Journal of Medicinal Chemistry is a biweekly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research in medicinal chemistry. It is published by the American Chemical Society. It was established in 1959 as the Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry and obtained its current name in 1963. Philip S. Portoghese served as editor-in-chief from 1972 to 2011. In 2012, Gunda Georg (University of Minnesota) and Shaomeng Wang (University of Michigan) succeeded Portoghese (University of Minnesota). In 2021, Craig W. Lindsley (Vanderbilt University) became editor-in-chief. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 7.1.
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| 3,208,076
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Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Medicinal_Chemistry
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2025-03-26T14:14:18Z
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en
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Q900316
| 49,497
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{{distinguish|European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry{{!}}''European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry''|Medicinal Chemistry (Bentham Open journal){{!}}''Medicinal Chemistry'' (Bentham Open journal)|Medicinal Chemistry (OMICS Publishing Group journal){{!}}''Medicinal Chemistry'' (OMICS Publishing Group journal)}}
{{Infobox journal
| title = Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
| caption =
| formernames = Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
| cover = jmc cover.jpg
| discipline = [[Medicinal chemistry]]
| abbreviation = J. Med. Chem.
| language =
| editor = Craig W. Lindsley
| publisher = [[American Chemical Society]]
| country = United States
| frequency = Biweekly
| openaccess =
| history = 1959-present
| license =
| impact = 7.1
| impact-year = 2023
| website = http://pubs.acs.org/journals/jmcmar/index.html
| link1 = http://pubs.acs.org/toc/jmcmar/current
| link1-name = Online access
| link2 = http://pubs.acs.org/loi/jmcmar
| link2-name = Online archive
| ISSN = 0022-2623
| eISSN = 1520-4804
| CODEN = JMCMAR
| OCLC = 39480771
| JSTOR =
| LCCN = a63000643
}}
The '''''Journal of Medicinal Chemistry''''' is a biweekly [[peer-reviewed]] [[medical journal]] covering research in [[medicinal chemistry]]. It is published by the [[American Chemical Society]]. It was established in 1959 as the ''Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry'' and obtained its current name in 1963.<ref name=editorial>{{cite journal |doi=10.1021/jm201370n |title=My Farewell to the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry |year=2011 |last1=Portoghese |first1=Philip S. |journal=Journal of Medicinal Chemistry |volume=54 |issue=24 |pages=8235 |pmid=22070537}}</ref> [[Philip S. Portoghese]] served as [[editor-in-chief]] from 1972 to 2011.<ref name=editorial /> In 2012, [[Gunda Georg]] ([[University of Minnesota]]) and [[Shaomeng Wang]] ([[University of Michigan]]) succeeded Portoghese ([[University of Minnesota]]). In 2021, Craig W. Lindsley ([[Vanderbilt University]]) became editor-in-chief. According to the ''[[Journal Citation Reports]]'', the journal has a 2023 [[impact factor]] of 7.1.<ref name=WoS>{{cite book |year=2023 |chapter=Journals Ranked by Impact: Chemistry, Medicinal |title=2022 Journal Citation Reports |publisher=[[Clarivate]] |edition=Science |series=[[Web of Science]]}} {{subscription required}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters]]
==References==
<references/>
==External links==
*{{Official website|http://pubs.acs.org/journal/jmcmar}}
{{American Chemical Society Journals}}
[[Category:American Chemical Society academic journals]]
[[Category:Medicinal chemistry journals]]
[[Category:Biweekly journals]]
[[Category:Academic journals established in 1959]]
[[Category:English-language journals]]
{{medicinal-chem-journal-stub}}
| 1,282,453,089
|
[{"title": "Journal of Medicinal Chemistry", "data": {"Discipline": "Medicinal chemistry", "Language": "English", "Edited by": "Craig W. Lindsley"}}, {"title": "Publication details", "data": {"Former name(s)": "Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry", "History": "1959-present", "Publisher": "American Chemical Society (United States)", "Frequency": "Biweekly", "Impact factor": "7.1 (2023)"}}, {"title": "Standard abbreviations \u00b7", "data": {"ISO 4": "J. Med. Chem."}}, {"title": "Indexing \u00b7", "data": {"CODEN": "JMCMAR", "ISSN": "0022-2623 (print) \u00b7 1520-4804 (web)", "LCCN": "a63000643", "OCLC no.": "39480771"}}, {"title": "Links", "data": {"Links": "- Journal homepage - Online access - Online archive"}}]
| false
|
# Pyoksong County
Pyŏksŏng County is a county in South Hwanghae province, North Korea.
## Administrative divisions
Pyŏksŏng county is divided into 1 ŭp (town) and 21 ri (villages):
| - Pyŏksŏng-ŭp - An'gong-ri - Changch'ŏl-li - Changhyŏl-li - Chukch'ŏl-li - Okch'ŏl-li - Namch'ang-ri - Paeg'ul-li - Ryongjŏng-ri - Sahyŏl-li - Sangrim-ri | - Sŏktam-ri - Sŏktong-ri - Sŏwŏl-li - Ssangam-ri - Taeho-ri - Taesal-li - Tohyŏl-li - T'ongsal-li - Wŏlbong-ri - Wŏlhyŏl-li - Wŏnp'yŏng-ri |
## Transportation
Pyŏksŏng county is served by the Ongjin Line of the Korean State Railway.
|
enwiki/31859302
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enwiki
| 31,859,302
|
Pyoksong County
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyoksong_County
|
2021-10-02T18:11:26Z
|
en
|
Q705483
| 30,698
|
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
| name = Pyŏksŏng County
| native_name = {{nobold|벽성군}}
| native_name_lang = ko
| settlement_type = [[List of second-level administrative divisions of North Korea|County]]
| translit_lang1 = Korean
| translit_lang1_type1 = Hanja
| translit_lang1_info1 = 碧城郡
| translit_lang1_type2 = {{nowrap|McCune-Reischauer}}
| translit_lang1_info2 = Pyŏksŏng-gun
| translit_lang1_type3 = {{nowrap|Revised Romanization}}
| translit_lang1_info3 = Byeokseong-gun
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_caption =
| image_map = DPRK2006 Hwangnam-Byoksong.PNG
| mapsize =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[North Korea]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of North Korea|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[South Hwanghae Province]]
| area_total_km2 = 439.9
| population_as_of = 2008<ref>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/northkorea/admin/ North Korea: Administrative Division]</ref>
| population_total = 90,753
| population_density_km2 = auto
| parts_type = [[Administrative divisions of North Korea|Administrative divisions]]
| parts =
}}
'''Pyŏksŏng County''' is a county in [[South Hwanghae]] province, [[North Korea]].
==Administrative divisions==
Pyŏksŏng county is divided into 1 ''[[Administrative divisions of North Korea|ŭp]]'' (town) and 21 ''[[Administrative divisions of North Korea|ri]]'' (villages):
{|
|-
| valign="top" |
* Pyŏksŏng-ŭp
* An'gong-ri
* Changch'ŏl-li
* Changhyŏl-li
* Chukch'ŏl-li
* Okch'ŏl-li
* Namch'ang-ri
* Paeg'ul-li
* Ryongjŏng-ri
* Sahyŏl-li
* Sangrim-ri
| valign="top" |
* Sŏktam-ri
* Sŏktong-ri
* Sŏwŏl-li
* Ssangam-ri
* Taeho-ri
* Taesal-li
* Tohyŏl-li
* T'ongsal-li
* Wŏlbong-ri
* Wŏlhyŏl-li
* Wŏnp'yŏng-ri
|}
==Transportation==
Pyŏksŏng county is served by the [[Ongjin Line]] of the [[Korean State Railway]].
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{South Hwanghae}}
{{coord missing|North Korea}}
[[Category:Counties of South Hwanghae]]
{{NorthKorea-geo-stub}}
| 1,047,818,861
|
[{"title": "Korean transcription(s)", "data": {"\u2022 Hanja": "\u78a7\u57ce\u90e1", "\u2022 McCune-Reischauer": "Py\u014fks\u014fng-gun", "\u2022 Revised Romanization": "Byeokseong-gun", "Korean transcription(s)": "Location of Py\u014fks\u014fng County", "Country": "North Korea", "Province": "South Hwanghae Province"}}, {"title": "Area", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "439.9 km2 (169.8 sq mi)"}}, {"title": "Population (2008)", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "90,753", "\u2022 Density": "210/km2 (530/sq mi)"}}]
| false
|
# Marcus Nonius Arrius Mucianus
Marcus Nonius Arrius Mucianus was an imperial Roman politician and Senator at the beginning of the 3rd century CE. Mucianus grew up in Verona. He may have been the son of Marcus Nonius Arrius Mucianus Manlius Carbo, Suffect Consul, likely under the emperor Commodus, and the grandson of Marcus Nonius Macrinus, Suffect Consul in 154 CE. His wife was Sextia Asinia Polla. Mucianus became an ordinary consul in 201 CE and, from 204 CE onwards, he became one of the quindecimviri sacris faciundis, a sacred priest in charge of the Sibylline Books. In Verona, he became a curator and patron.
## Sources
- PIR ² N 114
- CIL V, 3342
|
enwiki/28352728
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enwiki
| 28,352,728
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Marcus Nonius Arrius Mucianus
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Nonius_Arrius_Mucianus
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2025-01-22T13:08:07Z
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en
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Q681053
| 27,788
|
{{Short description|Early 3rd century Roman politician and senator}}
{{no footnotes|date=June 2016}}
'''Marcus Nonius Arrius Mucianus''' was an imperial Roman politician and [[Roman Senate|Senator]] at the beginning of the 3rd century CE. Mucianus grew up in [[Verona]]. He may have been the son of Marcus Nonius Arrius Mucianus Manlius Carbo, [[Roman consul|Suffect Consul]], likely under the emperor [[Commodus]], and the grandson of [[Marcus Nonius Macrinus]], Suffect Consul in 154 CE. His wife was Sextia Asinia Polla. Mucianus became an ordinary consul in 201 CE and, from 204 CE onwards, he became one of the ''[[quindecimviri sacris faciundis]]'', a sacred priest in charge of the [[Sibylline Books]]. In Verona, he became a [[curator]] and [[patronage in ancient Rome|patron]].
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Emptysection|date=November 2022}}
== Sources ==
* [[Prosopographia Imperii Romani|PIR ²]] N 114
* {{CIL|5|3342}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Tiberius Claudius Severus Proculus]], <br/>and [[Gaius Aufidius Victorinus (consul 200)|Gaius Aufidius Victorinus]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Roman Consuls|Consul]] of the [[Roman Empire]] | years=201 |regent1=[[Lucius Annius Fabianus]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Septimius Severus]] III, <br/>and [[Caracalla]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nonius Arrius Mucianus, Marcus}}
[[Category:2nd-century births]]
[[Category:3rd-century deaths]]
[[Category:Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome]]
[[Category:Nonii|Arrius Mucianus, Marcus]]
{{AncientRome-bio-stub}}
| 1,271,065,858
|
[]
| false
|
# Mobile workstation
A mobile workstation, also known as a desktop replacement computer (DTR) or workstation laptop, is a personal computer that provides the full capabilities of a workstation-class desktop computer while remaining mobile. They are often larger, bulkier laptops or in some cases 2-in-1 PCs with a tablet-like form factor and interface. Because of their increased size, this class of computer usually includes more powerful components and a larger display than generally used in smaller portable computers and can have a relatively limited battery capacity (or none at all). Some use a limited range of desktop components (DToM) to provide better performance at the expense of battery life. These are sometimes called desknotes, a blend of "desktop" and "notebook", though the term is also applied to desktop replacement computers in general. Other names being monster notebooks or musclebooks in reference to muscle cars.
## Origins
The forerunners of the mobile workstation were the portable computers of the early to mid-1980s, such as the Portal R2E CCMC, the Osborne 1, Kaypro II, the Compaq Portable and the Commodore Executive 64 (SX-64) computers. These computers contained the CPU, display, floppy disk drive and power supply all in a single briefcase-like enclosure. Similar in performance to the desktop computers of the era, they were easily transported and came with an attached keyboard that doubled as a protective cover when not in use. They could be used wherever space and an electrical outlet were available, as they had no battery.
The development of the laptop form factor gave new impetus to portable computer development. Many early laptops were feature-limited in the interest of portability, requiring such mobility-limiting accessories as external floppy drives or clip-on trackball pointing devices. One of the first laptops that could be used as a standalone computer was the EUROCOM 2100 based on Intel's 8088 CPU architecture, it duplicated the functionality of the desktop models without requiring an external docking station.
The development of the modern mobile workstation came with the realization that many laptops were used in a semi-permanent location, often remaining connected to an external power source at all times. This suggested that a market existed for a laptop-style computer that would take advantage of the user's reduced need for portability, allowing for higher-performance components, greater expandability, and higher-quality displays. Mobile workstations are also often used with a port replicator, to full enjoy the desktop comfort.
## Design features
Modern mobile workstations generally perform better than traditional laptop-style computers as their size allows the inclusion of more powerful components. The larger body means more efficient heat-dissipation, allowing manufacturers to use components that would otherwise overheat during normal use. Furthermore, their increased size allows for more modularity, which allows for a greater expandability and features, as well as larger and brighter displays. However, these advantages generally come at a price premium, with many computers in this class costing as much as two desktop computers with similar specifications.
Using a laptop form factor, however, mobile workstations still often suffer from limitations similar to those of more mobile laptops. They usually lack the ability to accept standard PCIe expansion cards, somewhat limiting their expandability. While mobile workstations can offer better cooling than other laptops, they rarely dissipate heat efficiently enough to allow for high-end desktop-class components, and thus may not reach the same performance levels as desktop computers.
Mobile workstations computers are, with a few exceptions, difficult to upgrade compared to desktop computers, with many of their major components (such as the display) integral to the design of the machine, and others (such as the CPU and GPU) often being hard to access and replace.
A small segment of mobile workstations do not include a battery as a standard feature, while some do not include ExpressCard support. They have the same limitations on serviceability as laptops, and can rarely use identical components to a desktop computer.
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Mobile workstation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_workstation
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en
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Q384596
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{{Refimprove|date=July 2008}}{{short description|Larger, bulkier laptop designed to replace a desktop}}
[[File:X7200 laptop computer.JPG|thumbnail|A [[Clevo x7200]] desktop replacement computer]]
A '''mobile workstation''', also known as a '''desktop replacement computer''' ('''DTR''') or '''workstation laptop''', is a [[personal computer]] that provides the full capabilities of a [[workstation]]-class [[desktop computer]] while remaining [[Mobile computing|mobile]]. They are often larger, bulkier [[laptop]]s or in some cases [[2-in-1 PC]]s with a [[Tablet computer|tablet]]-like form factor and interface. Because of their increased size, this class of computer usually includes more powerful components and a larger display than generally used in smaller portable computers and can have a relatively limited battery capacity (or none at all). Some use a limited range of desktop components (DToM) to provide better performance at the expense of battery life. These are sometimes called '''desknotes''', a blend of "desktop" and "notebook", though the term is also applied to desktop replacement computers in general.<ref>[http://www.news.com/2100-1040-979763.html Desktop notebooks stake their claim] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121209010744/http://www.news.com/2100-1040-979763.html |date=2012-12-09 }}, accessed April 2010</ref> Other names being monster notebooks or musclebooks in reference to muscle cars.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-03-03|title=Clevo D900F 17-inch Core i7 monster notebook|url=https://www.slashgear.com/clevo-d900f-17-inch-core-i7-monster-notebook-0336214/|access-date=2021-11-01|website=SlashGear|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Waldock|first=Leo|title=Intel's new 9th Generation mobile 'musclebook' CPUs have been launched|url=https://www.redsharknews.com/technology-computing/item/6339-intel-s-new-9th-generation-mobile-musclebook-cpus-have-been-launched|access-date=2021-11-01|website=www.redsharknews.com|language=en}}</ref>
==Origins==
The forerunners of the mobile workstation were the [[portable computer]]s of the early to mid-1980s, such as the [[Portal (computer)|Portal]] R2E CCMC, the [[Osborne 1]],<ref>[http://www.cedmagic.com/history/osborne-1.html Osborne 1 - The First Portable Computer from 1981], accessed April 2010</ref> [[Kaypro II]], the [[Compaq Portable]]<ref>[http://www.cedmagic.com/history/compaq-portable.html Compaq Portable, the Company's First Product in 1982], accessed April 2010</ref> and the [[Commodore International|Commodore]] [[Commodore SX-64|Executive 64]] (SX-64) computers.<ref>[http://oldcomputers.net/sx64.html Commodore SX-64 portable computer], accessed April 2010</ref> These computers contained the [[Central processing unit|CPU]], [[computer display|display]], [[floppy disk drive]] and [[power supply]] all in a single briefcase-like enclosure. Similar in performance to the desktop computers of the era, they were easily transported and came with an attached keyboard that doubled as a protective cover when not in use. They could be used wherever space and an electrical outlet were available, as they had no battery.
The development of the [[laptop]] form factor gave new impetus to portable computer development. Many early laptops were feature-limited in the interest of portability, requiring such mobility-limiting accessories as external floppy drives or clip-on [[trackball]] pointing devices. One of the first laptops that could be used as a standalone computer was the [[Eurocom Corporation|EUROCOM]] 2100 based on Intel's 8088 CPU architecture, it duplicated the functionality of the desktop models without requiring an external [[docking station]].
The development of the modern mobile workstation came with the realization that many laptops were used in a semi-permanent location, often remaining connected to an external power source at all times. This suggested that a market existed for a laptop-style computer that would take advantage of the user's reduced need for portability, allowing for higher-performance components, greater expandability, and higher-quality displays. Mobile workstations are also often used with a [[port replicator]], to full enjoy the desktop comfort.
==Design features==
Modern mobile workstations generally perform better than traditional laptop-style computers as their size allows the inclusion of more powerful components. The larger body means more efficient heat-dissipation, allowing manufacturers to use components that would otherwise overheat during normal use. Furthermore, their increased size allows for more [[modularity]], which allows for a greater expandability and features, as well as larger and brighter displays. However, these advantages generally come at a price premium, with many computers in this class costing as much as two [[desktop computers]] with similar specifications.
Using a laptop [[Motherboard form factor#Form factors|form factor]], however, mobile workstations still often suffer from limitations similar to those of more mobile laptops. They usually lack the ability to accept standard [[PCI Express|PCIe]] expansion cards, somewhat limiting their expandability. While mobile workstations can offer better cooling than other laptops, they rarely dissipate heat efficiently enough to allow for high-end desktop-class components, and thus may not reach the same performance levels as [[desktop computer]]s.
Mobile workstations computers are, with a few exceptions, difficult to upgrade compared to desktop computers, with many of their major components (such as the display) integral to the design of the machine, and others (such as the [[CPU]] and [[GPU]]) often being hard to access and replace.<ref>
[https://books.google.com/books?id=xCXVGneKwScC&dq=upgrades+are+more+difficult+laptop&pg=PA42 Upgrading and Repairing Laptops], accessed April 2010</ref>
A small segment of mobile workstations do not include a battery as a standard feature, while some do not include [[ExpressCard]] support. They have the same limitations on serviceability as laptops, and can rarely use identical components to a desktop computer.
==See also==
* [[Clevo x7200]]
* [[Overclocking]]
* [[Scalable Link Interface|SLI]]
* [[Enthusiast computing]]
* [[Gaming laptop]]
* [[Embedded system|Mobile on desktop]] (MoDT)
==References==
<references />
{{Computer sizes}}
[[Category:Mobile workstations| ]]
[[Category:Laptops]]
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# Postmodern brand
In response to shifts in consumer behavior and conditions brought on by postmodernism, many companies changed their marketing approach to address and create more nimble, immersive experience and customer engagements. Postmodern branding are practices of personifying a brand based on a core set of traits. Postmodern branding behaviors understand and leverage technology, space, and mindset of the moment to create an enriched user experience. Brands have found new ways to enter the home and places in the consumers life. Successful branding within the postmodern society rely more on the developments of brand personality.
## Description
Traditional brand management has grown increasingly hard and complex within the postmodern marketplace. A brand in its modernist or traditional interpretation by marketing schools of thought and accredited, professional associations is defined as a, "name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that identifies one seller's good or services as distinct from those of other sellers. This definition, argued by Muzellec and McDonagh refers to the brand as a single reality or focus on only one-way addressable interaction partners that in many way are not current with customer communications.
As a result, many companies have changed the way they manage brand names, terms, designs, symbols and other marketing material on behalf of the brand. The significance here is not only focusing on and tracking the organizational created material, but also identifying, monitoring and tracking the material created or suggested by the enthusiast, loyalist, defectors and the like.
Newly developed systems are in need for a brand to be more nimble and personal with their customers. Although this is an ever-evolving time it bears witness that there are new rules to the "new now" or "new new now" of marketing. And although an organization employs any platforms and processes the brand manager should realize that the brand they are managing is still just a participant in the community they wish to create. With that said, the organization should come to grips with the idea that they may not own the very brand they created.
## Behaviors
As of 2008, brands are becoming more important. Based on the evolution of the media ecosystem—with the developments of Twitter, Facebook, mobile codes and video—a marketer can see that the brand "exists beyond the ads and the products". As a result, brands have found new ways to enter the home and places in the consumers life. This newly developed entryway and space usually takes the form of branded content, branded entertainment, branded utilities, and most importantly brand personification (which occurs when the brand is treated and engaged with as one would engage with a physical person (i.e., make appointments with, talk to, touching, etc.).
Watching scheduled TV programs, utilizing and interacting with voice recognition services like Siri (behaviors predominantly found in the daily life of the postmodern consumer) are examples of how branded content and utilities are becoming more predominate within our current culture. Although some examples are eroding away, like scheduled TV viewing (according to JD Power and Associates roughly 45% of cable TV service customer have a DVR subscription, which is up from 38% in 2010), others are introduces with remarkable interfaces and user engagement protocols.
Successful branding within the postmodern society rely more on the developments of brand personality. Developing brand personality sets the stage in identifying deeper meaning around "How it, the brand, works". The formation of studying and defining a brand in this manner hinges on the trait theory of psychology. According to this theory, inherent traits (habitual patterns, thoughts and emotions) are perceived to remain relatively stable over time. Holding inherent traits constant while manipulating environmental cues and situational stimuli, natural personalities emerge. When applied to marketing, this process is called a brand-trait observational research study. By performing such studies a brand is able to extract "marketable" personalities; thus creating "livable brand personas".
## Influential postmodern brands
### Coke
Coke is one of the more influential brands within the carbonated beverage industries. Although they have experienced an ongoing soda war with Pepsi dating back to the 1960s, they have emerged recently with an approach, Wendy White implies as agnostic and focused on telling engaging stories no matter where the consumer is. Additionally, this approach allows the user to take part in the brand, identify with the story being told and engage in the way he or she feels fit.
As a result of the approach the brand has seen great success in capturing the number two beverage position in terms of units sold while defending their legacy position as number one.
### Starbucks
Although Starbucks has had minor setbacks in navigating the "new now", postmodern marketing landscape (53% drop in profits in 2009), they are still seen to be a leader in the space. At the current writing of this document, the brand has over 25M likes on Facebook with 279 people talking about their brand online.
Additionally the brand has also ushered in a sea of change by creating one of the most intuitive and innovative mobile apps in the market. In partnership with mFoundry, Starbucks created a mobile payment application that is in current use nationwide and within the first two months of the application being live over 3M customers downloaded and used it.
If these two examples are not enough to illustrate the brands commitment to the postmodern model of consumer engagement the use and execution of the branded social network, "MyStarbucksIdea.com" does. MyStarbucksIdea is a perfect example of giving up control of the brand to consumers. The social network allows consumers and loyalists to suggest ideas based on their personal experience with the company. Based on these suggest and the recommendations for the community Starbucks is able to more efficiently plan strategic roadmaps around consumer interactions. To date the brand has received over 120k ideas ranging from ordering, atmosphere, coffee and drinks to new technology.
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{{Marketing}}
In response to shifts in [[consumer behavior]] and conditions brought on by [[postmodernism]], many companies changed their [[marketing]] approach to address and create more nimble, immersive experience and customer engagements. '''Postmodern branding''' are practices of personifying a [[brand]] based on a core set of traits. Postmodern branding behaviors understand and leverage [[technology]], space, and [[mindset]] of the moment to create an enriched [[user experience]]. Brands have found new ways to enter the home and places in the consumers life. Successful branding within the postmodern society rely more on the developments of brand personality.
== Description ==
Traditional [[brand management]] has grown increasingly hard and complex within the postmodern marketplace.<ref name="auto">Massi, Marta and Paul Harrison "Re-Imagining the Cultural Brand: Postmodernism and Next Wave", Academy of Marketing Conference (2008)</ref> A [[brand]] in its modernist or traditional interpretation by marketing schools of thought and accredited, professional associations is defined as a, "name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that identifies one seller's good or services as distinct from those of other sellers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marketingpower.com/_layouts/Dictionary.aspx|title=Dictionary |website=[[American Marketing Association]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121033809/http://www.marketingpower.com/_layouts/Dictionary.aspx |archivedate=2012-11-21 |accessdate=2011-06-29}}</ref><ref>The [[Marketing Accountability Standards Board (MASB)]] endorses this definition as part of its ongoing [http://www.themasb.org/projects/common-language-project/ Common Language: Marketing Activities and Metrics Project] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203165846/http://www.themasb.org/projects/common-language-project/ |date=2012-02-03 }}.</ref> This definition, argued by Muzellec and McDonagh refers to the brand as a single reality or focus on only one-way addressable interaction partners that in many way are not current with customer communications.<ref>Muzellec, Laurent and Pierre McDonagh "Post-Modern Brand Management: The Virtual Case of Red Apple Cigarettes" in Halldór Örn Engilbertsson (Ed.), Proceedings of the 36th European Marketing Academy Conference, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik.</ref>
As a result, many companies have changed the way they manage brand names, terms, designs, symbols and other marketing material on behalf of the brand. The significance here is not only focusing on and tracking the organizational created material, but also identifying, monitoring and tracking the material created or suggested by the enthusiast, loyalist, defectors and the like.
Newly developed systems are in need for a brand to be more nimble and personal with their customers. Although this is an ever-evolving time it bears witness that there are new rules to the "new now" or "new new now" of marketing. And although an [[organization]] employs any platforms and processes the brand manager should realize that the brand they are managing is still just a participant in the community they wish to create. With that said, the organization should come to grips with the idea that they may not own the very brand they created.<ref name="auto"/>
== Behaviors ==
{{As of|2008}}, brands are becoming more important.{{To whom?|date=January 2024}}<ref name=":0" /> Based on the evolution of the media ecosystem—with the developments of [[Twitter]], [[Facebook]], mobile codes and [[video]]—a marketer can see that the brand "exists beyond the ads and the products".<ref name=":0" /> As a result, brands have found new ways to enter the home and places in the consumers life.<ref name=":0" /> This newly developed entryway and space usually takes the form of [[branded content]], [[branded entertainment]], branded utilities, and most importantly brand personification (which occurs when the brand is treated and engaged with as one would engage with a physical person (i.e., make appointments with, talk to, touching, etc.).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.futurelab.be/blogs/marketing-strategy-innovation/2007/10/branding_in_the_postmodern_cul.html |title=Branding in the Postmodern Culture When Consumer Transcends the State of Being the subject in a Society |publisher=FutureLab.com |date=2008-02-04 |accessdate=2011-10-20 |archive-date=2012-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426050205/http://www.futurelab.be/blogs/marketing-strategy-innovation/2007/10/branding_in_the_postmodern_cul.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Watching scheduled [[TV]] programs, utilizing and interacting with voice recognition services like [[Siri]] (behaviors predominantly found in the daily life of the postmodern consumer) are examples of how branded content and utilities are becoming more predominate within our current culture.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} Although some examples are eroding away, like scheduled TV viewing (according to [[JD Power and Associates]] roughly 45% of cable TV service customer have a [[Digital video recorder|DVR]] subscription, which is up from 38% in 2010<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.telecompetitor.com/dvrs-fueling-video-arpu-growth-telcos-beat-cable-for-tv-satisfaction/ |title=Residential Television Service Satisfaction Study |publisher=telecompetitor.com |date=2011-10-13 |accessdate=2011-10-15 |archive-date=2018-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714051052/https://www.telecompetitor.com/dvrs-fueling-video-arpu-growth-telcos-beat-cable-for-tv-satisfaction/ |url-status=live }}</ref>), others are introduces with remarkable interfaces and user engagement protocols.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}
Successful branding within the postmodern society rely more on the developments of brand personality.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} Developing brand personality sets the stage in identifying deeper meaning around "How it, the brand, works".<ref name="Warschauer">{{citation| url =| title = Theoretical Foundation of Brand Personality for Postmodern Branding Dynamics| pages = 2–5| year = 2010| first = Eun-Jung | last = Lee| authorlink = Eun-Jung Lee}}</ref> The formation of studying and defining a brand in this manner hinges on the [[trait theory]] of [[psychology]]. According to this theory, inherent traits (habitual patterns, thoughts and emotions) are perceived to remain relatively stable over time.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Saul Kassin]] |year=2003 |title=Psychology |location=USA |publisher=Prentice-Hall, Inc.}}</ref> Holding inherent traits constant while manipulating environmental cues and situational stimuli, natural personalities emerge.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} When applied to marketing, this process is called a brand-trait observational research study.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} By performing such studies a brand is able to extract "marketable" personalities; thus creating "livable brand personas".{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}
==Influential postmodern brands==
===Coke===
[[Coca-Cola|Coke]] is one of the more influential brands within the carbonated beverage industries. Although they have experienced an ongoing soda war with [[Pepsi]] dating back to the 1960s, they have emerged recently with an approach, Wendy White implies as agnostic and focused on telling engaging stories no matter where the consumer is.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|last=Zmuda|first=Natalie|title=How Pepsi Blinked, Fell Behind Diet Coke|url=http://adage.com/article/news/pepsi-blinked-fell-diet-coke/149496/|publisher=Ad Age|access-date=2012-01-12|archive-date=2018-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514201546/http://adage.com/article/news/pepsi-blinked-fell-diet-coke/149496/|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, this approach allows the user to take part in the brand, identify with the story being told and engage in the way he or she feels fit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Building and Growing Brands in the Evolved Customer|url=http://www.livestream.com/adage/video?clipId=pla_10afca10-70c3-4637-adfa-4d23cfe76312|access-date=2012-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305222151/http://www.livestream.com/adage/video?clipId=pla_10afca10-70c3-4637-adfa-4d23cfe76312|archive-date=2014-03-05|url-status=dead}}</ref>
As a result of the approach the brand has seen great success in capturing the number two beverage position in terms of units sold while defending their legacy position as number one.<ref name="auto1"/>
===Starbucks===
Although [[Starbucks]] has had minor setbacks in navigating the "new now", postmodern marketing landscape (53% drop in profits in 2009),<ref>{{cite web |last=Allison |first=Melissa |title=Starbucks Expect Sales in Existing Cafes to Drop in 2009 |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2008430875_retailreportdigestar25.html |work=Seattle Times |access-date=2012-01-12 |archive-date=2010-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815202547/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2008430875_retailreportdigestar25.html |url-status=live }}</ref> they are still seen to be a leader in the space. At the current writing of this document,{{when|date=February 2014}} the brand has over 25M likes on [[Facebook]] with 279 people talking about their brand online.<ref>{{cite web| title=Starbucks Brand Page| website=[[Facebook]]| url=http://www.facebook.com/Starbucks| access-date=2012-01-12| archive-date=2019-05-22| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190522220515/https://www.facebook.com/Starbucks/| url-status=live}}</ref>
Additionally the brand has also ushered in a sea of change by creating one of the most intuitive and innovative [[mobile apps]] in the market. In partnership with mFoundry, Starbucks created a mobile payment application that is in current use nationwide<ref>{{cite web|title=Starbucks Card Mobile Page|url=http://www.mfoundry.com/starbucks-moble-case-study/|publisher=mFoundry|access-date=2012-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015011655/http://www.mfoundry.com/starbucks-moble-case-study/|archive-date=2012-10-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> and within the first two months of the application being live over 3M customers downloaded and used it.
If these two examples are not enough to illustrate the brands commitment to the postmodern model of consumer engagement the use and execution of the branded social network, "MyStarbucksIdea.com" does. MyStarbucksIdea is a perfect example of giving up control of the brand to [[consumers]]. The [[social network]] allows consumers and loyalists to suggest ideas based on their personal experience with the company. Based on these suggest and the recommendations for the community Starbucks is able to more efficiently plan strategic roadmaps around consumer interactions. To date the brand has received over 120k ideas ranging from ordering, atmosphere, [[coffee]] and drinks to new technology.<ref>{{cite web |title=My Starbucks Idea |url=http://mystarbucksidea.force.com/ |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110619120505/http://mystarbucksidea.force.com/ |archivedate=2011-06-19 }}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* "I'm Feeling Lucky": by Douglas Edwards
* "[[Marketing Myopia]]": by [[Theodore Levitt]]
[[Category:Postmodernism]]
[[Category:Brand management]]
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# Manor House Street railway station
Manor House Street station (also known as Kingston Street station) was the original terminus station of the Hull and Selby Railway, opened in 1840 adjacent to the Humber Dock in Kingston upon Hull, England. In 1848 the station was superseded by Hull Paragon station after which it was primarily used for goods traffic.
As a goods station the facility was known as Railway Street Goods station. Most of the buildings were demolished in 1959 as part of a modernisation programme converting the English Street Goods station into a main regional depot.
Sidings remained on the site until the 1980s when housing development occupied the western part of the site. The site of the station buildings site was developed as a multi-storey housing development Freedom Quays in the 2000s.
## History
### Manor House Street station (1840–1854)
The station was constructed as the original Hull terminus of the Hull and Selby Railway. The station was located on a site of around 5 acres (2.0 ha) adjacent to the Humber Dock and Kingston Street. The main building was a two-storey structure of white brick and stone, known as Railway Office, was constructed facing onto Humber Dock. The office was 100 by 70 feet (30 by 21 m) deep by wide with waiting rooms, and ticket and parcel offices on the ground floor; a passage led from the station front to the train shed behind; the first floor contained the company offices including the director's room. The design is thought to be by James Walker and John Timperley, with Simminson & Hutchinson as the building contractors, ironwork by James Young.
The main train shed was 170 by 72 feet (52 by 22 m) long by wide, connected at the east end to the offices, with trains arriving at the west end. There were four lines of track, and raised platforms at either side; the trainshed roof was supported on cast iron columns. An exit in the north wall led to a station road, which separated the passenger station from the goods shed to the north.
The railways workshops of around 5,000 square yards (4,200 m2) were located west of the station, also facing Kingston Street, and included facilities for engine, wagon and carriage work, with power supplied by a 10 hp stationary engine.
The goods shed and warehouse was a two-storey building 270 by 45 feet (82 by 14 m) long by wide, with a single line of track within, and two on either side, all running the entire length. Within the building the floor was 2 feet (0.61 m) above the level the track for ease of loading. The second floor had access to the lower throughout the shed, allowing movement from train to warehouse under cover. In addition to the goods warehouse the company had a wharf nearby at Limekiln Creek.
On the opening day (1 July 1840) after a return trip from Hull to Selby a banquet with speeches was held in the upper warehouse. Public services started on 2 July, and goods service on 19 August.
Initially passenger trains pulled into the station by a rope and capstan – this led to an accident where the uncontrolled momentum imparted led to the train crashing through the booking office wall. Later the train would have the engine detached, run round and used to shunt the train backwards into the trainshed. The railway followed the practice used on early British railways of stopping the train outside the station for ticket inspections.
In 1847 an act of Parliament allowed the construction of a new station, this opened in May 1848 as Hull Paragon station, and the station at Kingston Street closed to passengers. From June 1853 a suburban service of passenger trains running on the Victoria Dock Branch Line began terminating at the Station, running to and from Victoria Dock. The service was ended in 1854.
### Railway Street goods station (1854–1961)
After the opening of Paragon station the old station was used as a goods station. Expansion was soon required and land including the old Gaol (west of Manor House Street) and houses on Bell Vue Terrace were acquired and demolished and the station expanded. In 1858 the existing buildings were demolished and the site redeveloped in one piece as a goods station.
The new goods station was designed by NER architect Thomas Prosser; the main building was 300 feet (91 m) long, initially with four platforms. The station was expanded in the mid-1860s increasing the number of platforms to right. A second shed was added to the west adjoining Railway Street. Built for the NER, the warehouse also provide service to other railways with running powers to Hull; the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway and London and North Western Railway; the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway used a wharfe and warehouse at Limekiln creek for lighter services across the Humber, replaced c. 1866 with a new warehouse and water channel at Railway Creek, built as replacement for the loss of the former during the construction of the new West Dock.
In 1959 a modernisation plan envisaged converting the English Street Goods station into one of the seven main depots in BR's North-eastern region, to be known as Hull Central goods depot. The Railway Street station was demolished in 1961.
The Railway Street site remained in use as part of the Central Good's operations (opened October 1960) handling wagonload traffic and used for storage.
Some sidings remained on the site until 1984, when housing was built on the entrance tracks. Much of the station site was redeveloped as Freedom Quays, a housing and multi-storey car park development between 2003 and 2008; the northern part is used as a Ship chandler; Hull Marina's boat yard is also located on the site.
### Sources
- Fawcett, Bill (2001), A History of North Eastern Railway Architecture, vol. 1, North Eastern Railway Association
- Fawcett, Bill (2003), A History of North Eastern Railway Architecture, vol. 2, North eastern Railway Association
- Fawcett, Bill (2005), A History of North Eastern Railway Architecture, vol. 3, North eastern Railway Association
- Hoole, Ken (1986), A regional history of the railways of Great Britain. Vol 4, The North East (3rd ed.), David and Charles
- MacTurk, G. G. (1970) [1879], A History of the Hull Railways, (reprint)
- Tomlinson, William Weaver (1915), The North Eastern Railway; its rise and development, Andrew Reid and Company, Newcastle; Longmans, Green and Company, London
### Maps
1. ↑ 53°44′20″N 0°20′27″W / 53.7388°N 0.3408°W Hull and Selby railway, Hull workshops
2. ↑ 53°44′12″N 0°20′33″W / 53.7368°N 0.3424°W Hull and Selby railway, Limekiln Creek warehouse
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{{Short description|Disused railway station in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Manor House Street
| status = Disused
| image = Hull railway station.jpg
| caption = View from Humber Dock side
| borough = [[Kingston upon Hull]]
| country = England
| coordinates = {{coord|53.739|-0.339|type:railwaystation_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| grid_name = [[Ordnance Survey National Grid|Grid reference]]
| grid_position = {{gbmapscaled|TA096282|25|TA096282}}
| years = 1840
| events = Opened
| years1 = 1848
| events1 = closed for passengers
| years2 = June 1853
| events2 = opened for passengers
| years3 = 1854
| events3 = closed for passengers
| years4 = 1960
| events4 = closed for freight
}}
'''Manor House Street''' station (also known as ''Kingston Street station'') was the original terminus station of the [[Hull and Selby Railway]], opened in 1840 adjacent to the [[Humber Dock]] in [[Kingston upon Hull]], England. In 1848 the station was superseded by [[Hull Paragon railway station|Hull Paragon station]] after which it was primarily used for goods traffic.
As a goods station the facility was known as '''Railway Street Goods station'''. Most of the buildings were demolished in 1959 as part of a modernisation programme converting the [[English Street Goods station, Hull|English Street Goods station]] into a main regional depot.
Sidings remained on the site until the 1980s when housing development occupied the western part of the site. The site of the station buildings site was developed as a multi-storey housing development ''Freedom Quays'' in the 2000s.
==History==
===Manor House Street station (1840–1854)===
The station was constructed as the original Hull terminus of the [[Hull and Selby Railway]]. The station was located on a site of around {{convert|5|acre}} adjacent to the [[Humber Dock]] and Kingston Street. The main building was a two-storey structure of white brick and stone, known as ''Railway Office'', was constructed facing onto Humber Dock. The office was {{convert|100|by|70|ft}} deep by wide with waiting rooms, and ticket and parcel offices on the ground floor; a passage led from the station front to the train shed behind; the first floor contained the company offices including the director's room.{{sfn|MacTurk|1970|p=71}}{{sfn|Tomlinson|1915|p=340}} The design is thought to be by [[James Walker (engineer)|James Walker]] and [[John Timperley (Civil Engineer)|John Timperley]], with Simminson & Hutchinson as the building contractors, ironwork by James Young.{{sfn|Fawcett|2001|p=32}}
The main train shed was {{convert|170|by|72|ft}} long by wide, connected at the east end to the offices, with trains arriving at the west end. There were four lines of track, and raised platforms at either side; the trainshed roof was supported on cast iron columns. An exit in the north wall led to a station road, which separated the passenger station from the goods shed to the north.{{sfn|MacTurk|1970|p=72}}{{sfn|Tomlinson|1915|p=340}}
The railways workshops of around {{convert|5000|sqyd}} were located west of the station, also facing Kingston Street, and included facilities for engine, wagon and carriage work, with power supplied by a 10 hp stationary engine.{{sfn|MacTurk|1970|p=72}}<ref group="map">{{coord|53.7388|-0.3408|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=Hull and Selby railway, Hull workshops}} Hull and Selby railway, Hull workshops</ref>
The goods shed and warehouse was a two-storey building {{convert|270|by|45|ft}} long by wide, with a single line of track within, and two on either side, all running the entire length. Within the building the floor was {{convert|2|ft}} above the level the track for ease of loading. The second floor had access to the lower throughout the shed, allowing movement from train to warehouse under cover.{{sfn|MacTurk|1970|p=72}}{{sfn|Tomlinson|1915|p=340}} In addition to the goods warehouse the company had a wharf nearby at [[Lime Kiln Creek, Kingston upon Hull|Limekiln Creek]].{{sfn|Tomlinson|1915|pp=340–1}}<ref group="map">{{coord|53.7368|-0.3424|type:landmark_region:GB|name=Hull and Selby railway, Limekiln Creek warehouse|display=inline}} Hull and Selby railway, Limekiln Creek warehouse</ref>
On the opening day (1 July 1840) after a return trip from Hull to Selby a banquet with speeches was held in the upper warehouse.{{sfn|MacTurk|1970|p=50}} Public services started on 2 July, and goods service on 19 August.{{sfn|Tomlinson|1915|p=341}}
Initially passenger trains pulled into the station by a rope and capstan – this led to an accident where the uncontrolled momentum imparted led to the train crashing through the booking office wall. Later the train would have the engine detached, run round and used to shunt the train backwards into the trainshed. The railway followed the practice used on early British railways of stopping the train outside the station for ticket inspections.{{sfn|MacTurk|1970|pp=78–9}}
In 1847 an act of Parliament allowed the construction of a new station, this opened in May 1848 as [[Hull Paragon railway station|Hull Paragon station]], and the station at Kingston Street closed to passengers.{{sfn|Hoole|1986|p=45}} From June 1853 a suburban service of passenger trains running on the [[Victoria Dock Branch Line]] began terminating at the Station, running to and from Victoria Dock. The service was ended in 1854.{{sfn|Hoole|1986|pp=45–6}}
===Railway Street goods station (1854–1961)===
[[File:Railway Street Goods shed 1905.jpg|thumb|Railway Street goods interior (1905)]]
After the opening of Paragon station the old station was used as a goods station. Expansion was soon required and land including the old Gaol (west of Manor House Street) and houses on Bell Vue Terrace were acquired and demolished and the station expanded.{{sfn|MacTurk|1970|p=130}}<ref name="osre">Ordnance Survey. Town plans, 1:1056, 1855–6; 1:2500, 1891–3</ref>{{sfn|Fawcett|2001|p=33}} In 1858 the existing buildings were demolished and the site redeveloped in one piece as a goods station.<ref name="osre"/><ref name="yh"/>{{sfn|Fawcett|2001|p=33}}
The new goods station was designed by NER architect [[Thomas Prosser (architect)|Thomas Prosser]]; the main building was {{convert|300|ft}} long, initially with four platforms. The station was expanded in the mid-1860s increasing the number of platforms to right. A second shed was added to the west adjoining Railway Street. Built for the NER, the warehouse also provide service to other railways with running powers to Hull; the [[Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway]] and [[London and North Western Railway]];{{sfn|Fawcett|2003|p=83}} the [[Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway]] used a wharfe and warehouse at [[Limekiln Creek, Kingston upon Hull|Limekiln creek]] for lighter services across the Humber, replaced {{circa|1866}} with a new warehouse and water channel at [[Railway Creek]], built as replacement for the loss of the former during the construction of the new West Dock.<ref>See [[Hull and Selby Railway]], [[Railway Creek]], [[Limekiln Creek, Kingston upon Hull|Limekiln creek]], and [[Albert Dock, Hull|Albert Dock]].</ref>
In 1959 a modernisation plan envisaged converting the [[English Street Goods station, Hull|English Street Goods station]] into one of the seven main depots in [[British Rail|BR]]'s North-eastern region, to be known as ''Hull Central goods depot''.<ref>{{cite journal|journal = Railway Engineering Abstracts| volume =14-6|page = 53| title= The English Street goods depot at Hull| quote =The English Street goods depot at Hull has been modernised and enlarged to provide one of the seven main concentration depots of the North Eastern Region, B.R., and is to be known in future as Hull Central Goods Depot}}</ref> The Railway Street station was demolished in 1961.<ref name="yh">{{cite book|chapter =Railways|editor-first = K. J. |editor-last = Allison| year = 1969| title = A History of the County of York, East Riding volume 1: the City of Kingston upon Hull|publisher = Victoria County History|page=393|isbn=0-19-722737-6}}</ref>
The Railway Street site remained in use as part of the Central Good's operations (opened October 1960<ref>{{citation|publisher = British Transport Commission| title = Annual Reports and Accounts | date =31 December 1960|volume =1|quote = The reconstructed goods depot at Hull Central opened in October, and all sundries traffic for the area is now concentrated here}}</ref>) handling [[Wagonload freight|wagonload traffic]] and used for storage.{{sfn|Fawcett|2005|p=213}}
Some sidings remained on the site until 1984, when housing was built on the entrance tracks. Much of the station site was redeveloped as ''Freedom Quays'', a housing and [[multi-storey car park]] development between 2003 and 2008; the northern part is used as a [[Ship chandler]];<ref>{{citation| url = http://web.hullcc.gov.uk/WAM/doc/Report-283191.pdf?extension=.pdf&id=283191&location=VOLUME1&contentType=application/pdf&pageCount=1| at = Railway Station (site of), p.25| title = Hull Marina Gateway Site – Fruit Market Strategic Development Area – Assessment of Archaeological Potential| publisher = Humber Field Archaeology| work = Humber Archaeology Report| number = 262| editor-first = T.| editor-last = Brigham| date = May 2008| access-date = 24 March 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175347/http://web.hullcc.gov.uk/WAM/doc/Report-283191.pdf?extension=.pdf&id=283191&location=VOLUME1&contentType=application%2Fpdf&pageCount=1| archive-date = 20 March 2012| url-status = dead}}</ref> [[Hull Marina]]'s boat yard is also located on the site.
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
*{{citation|title = A History of North Eastern Railway Architecture| volume=1| first = Bill| last = Fawcett|publisher = North Eastern Railway Association|year = 2001}}
*{{citation|title = A History of North Eastern Railway Architecture| volume =2| first = Bill| last = Fawcett| publisher = North eastern Railway Association|year = 2003}}
*{{citation|title = A History of North Eastern Railway Architecture| volume =3| first = Bill| last = Fawcett| publisher = North eastern Railway Association|year = 2005}}
*{{citation| title=A regional history of the railways of Great Britain. Vol 4, The North East| year = 1986|edition =3rd|publisher =David and Charles |first=Ken |last=Hoole }}
*{{citation|title = A History of the Hull Railways| first = G. G.|last= MacTurk| orig-year = 1879 |year =1970 }}, (reprint)
*{{citation| url = https://archive.org/details/northeasternrail00tomlrich| title = The North Eastern Railway; its rise and development| first = William Weaver |last=Tomlinson| year= 1915|author-link=William Weaver Tomlinson|publisher = Andrew Reid and Company, Newcastle; Longmans, Green and Company, London}}
{{refend}}
===Maps===
{{reflist|group="map"}}
[[Category:Former Hull and Selby Railway stations]]
[[Category:Disused railway stations in Kingston upon Hull]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1840]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1854]]
[[Category:History of Kingston upon Hull]]
[[Category:Port of Hull]]
| 1,188,356,896
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[{"title": "General information", "data": {"Location": "Kingston upon Hull \u00b7 England", "Coordinates": "53\u00b044\u203220\u2033N 0\u00b020\u203220\u2033W\ufeff / \ufeff53.739\u00b0N 0.339\u00b0W", "Grid reference": "TA096282"}}, {"title": "Other information", "data": {"Status": "Disused"}}, {"title": "Key dates", "data": {"1840": "Opened", "1848": "closed for passengers", "June 1853": "opened for passengers", "1854": "closed for passengers", "1960": "closed for freight"}}]
| false
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# Lozier
The Lozier Motor Company was a brass era producer of luxury automobiles in the United States. The company produced automobiles from 1900 to 1918, in Plattsburgh, New York and from 1910, at Detroit, Michigan.
## History
Lozier Motor Company was founded by Henry Abram Lozier, an Indiana-born sewing machine and bicycle manufacturer. After selling his bicycle business, Lozier moved to Plattsburgh to manufacture boat engines. In 1900, he entered the automobile business. At his death in 1903, his son Harry took over the company.
Loziers were luxury cars and for a time were the most expensive cars produced in the United States. The 1910 model line featured cars priced between $4,600 and $7,750, (equivalent to $261,535 in 2024).
The company was moved to Detroit in 1910. In 1911, a Lozier was entered into the first running of the Indianapolis 500. The car, in the hands of Ralph Mulford, finished second in a controversial scoring decision and many observers felt Mulford's Lozier had actually won the race. On March 19 the same year, Lozier ads claimed, a stock 49 hp (37 kW) model piloted by Teddy Tetzlaff set a world record for 100 mi (160 km) at 1:14:29. The company developed its braking system using pressurized water to cool hollowed brake drums. This led to claims that Lozier's brakes were "impossible to burn out".
The company faced new pressures as more manufacturers entered the luxury market. Frederick C. Chandler, Lozier's top designer, left the company in 1913 and formed the Chandler Motor Company which produced cars similar to the Lozier but at a substantially lower sales price. Chandler took several top company executives with him producing a brain drain from which the company never recovered.
At the 1913 Los Angeles Motordrome, the company introduced the 88 hp (66 kW) Big Six, with electric headlights, with tourers and roadsters at US$5,000, limousines and landaulettes at US$6,500. It was joined by the 52 hp (40 kW) Light Six Metropolitan, with electric starter and lights; the tourer and runabout were US$3,250, coupe US$3,850, and limousine US$4,450.
Because of Lozier's limited market niche, the company only produced a few thousand cars during its lifespan. Production peaked in the 1912 model year at 600 cars.
Lozier tried to expand into the mid-priced car market and in 1914 offered a four-cylinder car priced at US$2,000. The new four was not a sales success and company finances continued to falter. After a failed attempt to merge with Ford Motor Company, the company declared bankruptcy in 1915. Attempted re-organizations and production continued sporadically up to 1918.
## Production models
- Lozier Model D[5]
- Lozier Model D Limousine[6]
- Lozier Model E Touring[7]
- Lozier Model F Limousine[8]
- Lozier Model G [9]
- Lozier Model H [10]
- Lozier Model I [11]
## Advertisements
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{{short description|Dufunct American Automobile company}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Lozier Motor Company
| logo = Lozier-auto 1906 logo.jpg
| logo_size = 200px
| type = Automobile Manufacturing
| genre = Touring cars, limousines
| foundation = 1900
| founder = Henry Abram Lozier
| fate = Bankrupted
| location_city = [[Detroit, Michigan]]
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = George R. Burwell, John G. Perrin, Harry A. Lozier
| area_served = [[United States]]
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| products = [[Automobiles|Vehicles]]<br />[[Automotive parts]]
| production_year = 1898, 1901, 1905-1918
| market cap =
| title =
| defunct = 1915, 1918
| footnotes =
}}
[[Image:Lozier1908TouringCar.jpg|thumb|250px|1908 Lozier, Model I (''i'') [[touring car]]]]
The '''Lozier Motor Company''' was a [[Brass Era car|brass era]] producer of [[Luxury car|luxury automobiles]] in the [[United States]]. The company produced automobiles from 1900 to 1918, in [[Plattsburgh, New York]] and from 1910, at [[Detroit, Michigan]].<ref name=":0">{{Kimes-USCars3rd}}</ref>
==History==
Lozier Motor Company was founded by Henry Abram Lozier, an [[Indiana]]-born sewing machine and bicycle manufacturer. After selling his bicycle business, Lozier moved to Plattsburgh to manufacture boat engines. In 1900, he entered the automobile business. At his death in 1903, his son Harry took over the company.
Loziers were luxury cars and for a time were the most expensive cars produced in the United States. The 1910 model line featured cars priced between $4,600 and $7,750, ({{Inflation|US|7750|1910|fmt=eq}}).<ref name=":0" />
The company was moved to Detroit in 1910. In 1911, a Lozier was entered into the first running of the [[Indianapolis 500]]. The car, in the hands of [[Ralph Mulford]], finished second in a controversial scoring decision and many observers felt Mulford's Lozier had actually won the race.<ref name=":0" /> On March 19 the same year, Lozier ads claimed, a stock 49 hp (37 kW) model piloted by [[Teddy Tetzlaff]] set a world record for 100 mi (160 km) at 1:14:29.<ref name=":1">Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925. New York: Bonanza Books, 1950</ref> The company developed its braking system using pressurized water to cool hollowed brake drums. This led to claims that Lozier's brakes were "impossible to burn out".<ref>{{Cite web|title=1915 Lozier Model 82 - Type 82 Seven-Passenger Touring|url=https://www.classicdriver.com/en/car/lozier/model-82/1915/737501|access-date=2021-04-17|website=www.classicdriver.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
The company faced new pressures as more manufacturers entered the luxury market. Frederick C. Chandler, Lozier's top designer, left the company in 1913 and formed the [[Chandler Motor Car|Chandler Motor Company]] which produced cars similar to the Lozier but at a substantially lower sales price. Chandler took several top company executives with him producing a [[brain drain]] from which the company never recovered.<ref name=":0" />
At the 1913 [[Los Angeles Motordrome]], the company introduced the 88 hp (66 kW) '''Big Six''', with electric headlights, with [[touring car|tourer]]s and [[Roadster (automobile)|roadsters]] at US$5,000, [[limousine]]s and [[landaulette]]s at US$6,500. It was joined by the 52 hp (40 kW) '''Light Six Metropolitan''', with [[electric starter]] and lights; the tourer and [[Runabout (car)|runabout]] were US$3,250, [[coupe]] US$3,850, and limousine US$4,450.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19121117&id=UkUbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=HkkEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5547,3868304|title=A Lozier for $3250! (advertisement)|date=November 17, 1912|work=The Pittsburgh Press|page=6|access-date=2013-01-31}}</ref>
Because of Lozier's limited [[Niche marketing|market niche]], the company only produced a few thousand cars during its lifespan. Production peaked in the 1912 model year at 600 cars.<ref name=":0" />
Lozier tried to expand into the mid-priced car market and in 1914 offered a four-cylinder car priced at US$2,000. The new four was not a sales success and company finances continued to falter. After a failed attempt to merge with [[Ford Motor Company]], the company declared [[bankruptcy]] in 1915. Attempted re-organizations and production continued sporadically up to 1918.<ref name=":0" />
==Production models==
* Lozier Model D<ref>{{cite web|url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015022474673&seq=103 |title= Lozier Model D|date=1906-01-15|publisher= Hand book of automobiles (1906) |access-date=2025-03-11}}</ref>
* Lozier Model D Limousine<ref>{{cite web|url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015022474673&seq=104 |title= Haynes Lozier D Limousine|date=1906-01-15|publisher= Hand book of automobiles (1906) |access-date=2025-03-11}}</ref>
* Lozier Model E Touring<ref>{{cite web|url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015022474681&seq=123 |title= Haynes Lozier E Touring |date=1907-01-15|publisher= Hand book of automobiles (1907) |access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref>
* Lozier Model F Limousine<ref>{{cite web|url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015022474681&seq=122 |title= Haynes Lozier F Limousine|date=1907-01-15|publisher= Hand book of automobiles (1907) |access-date=2025-03-15}}</ref>
* Lozier Model G <ref>{{cite web|url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015022474699&seq=123 |title= Haynes Lozier G|date=1908-01-15|publisher= Hand book of automobiles (1908) |access-date=2025-03-21}}</ref>
* Lozier Model H <ref>{{cite web|url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015022474699&seq=124 |title= Haynes Lozier H|date=1908-01-15|publisher= Hand book of automobiles (1908) |access-date=2025-03-21}}</ref>
* Lozier Model I <ref>{{cite web|url= https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015022474699&seq=126 |title= Haynes Lozier I|date=1908-01-15|publisher= Hand book of automobiles (1908) |access-date=2025-03-21}}</ref>
==Advertisements==
[[File:Lozier autofabrikant 1900.jpg|thumb]]
{|
| [[File:Lozier-auto 1905 ad.jpg|thumb|The Lozier Motor Company of New York City – 1905]]
| [[Image:Lozier.jpg|thumb|Image from a 1912 advertisement for a Lozier touring car priced at $5,000.]]
|}
==See also==
*[[List of defunct United States automobile manufacturers]]
*[[List of automobile manufacturers]]
== References ==
{{Reflist|}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Lozier vehicles}}
*[http://www.conceptcarz.com/view/model/424/Lozier.aspx The Lozier at conceptcarz]
*[http://www.jwcollinge.com/racecars.htm Race Pictures by Photographer James Walter Collinge] 3.,'''4.''', 9. picture: [[Teddy Tetzlaff]] in a Lozier.
[[Category:Brass Era vehicles]]
[[Category:1900s cars]]
[[Category:1910s cars]]
[[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States]]
[[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1915]]
[[Category:History of Michigan]]
[[Category:Companies based in Detroit]]
[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1900]]
[[Category:Defunct companies based in Michigan]]
[[Category:1900 establishments in New York (state)]]
[[Category:1915 disestablishments in Michigan]]
[[Category:Luxury vehicles]]
[[Category:Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers]]
[[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers based in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1900]]
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[{"title": "Lozier Motor Company", "data": {"Company type": "Automobile Manufacturing", "Industry": "Automotive", "Genre": "Touring cars, limousines", "Founded": "1900", "Founder": "Henry Abram Lozier", "Defunct": "1915, 1918", "Fate": "Bankrupted", "Headquarters": "Detroit, Michigan, United States", "Area served": "United States", "Key people": "George R. Burwell, John G. Perrin, Harry A. Lozier", "Products": "Vehicles \u00b7 Automotive parts"}}]
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# Long reliever
A long reliever or long-relief pitcher is a relief pitcher in baseball who enters the game if the starting pitcher leaves the game early.
Long relievers often enter in the first three innings of a game when the starting pitcher cannot continue, whether due to ineffective pitching, lack of endurance, rain delays, injury, or ejection. The hope is that the long reliever will be able to get the game under control, and his team's offense will be able to help get the team back into the game. The hope is also that the long reliever will pitch long enough to save other relievers in the bullpen from having to pitch.
Long relievers are usually players who used to be starters either in the major leagues or in the minors (and still can be a temporary starter if one of the normal starters is injured or otherwise unavailable, or necessary due to workload as a "spot starter"), but whose teams believe they have better starters available. Sometimes a team's long reliever is a former starter who has lost his effectiveness, either through a decline in skills or a series of injuries. Occasionally, long relievers are inexperienced pitchers who may have the potential to become starters or setup pitchers after gaining major league experience.
The quality of long relievers can vary, but when the long reliever is considered to be an ineffective former starter, he is often called the "mop up man" or "mop-up pitcher" and is often called by managers to pitch in games where there is a abundant run margin between either team which is colloquially termed pitching "mop duty".
A secondary use of a long reliever is in the late extra innings of a tied game, once the team's other, generally more effective, relievers have already been used. While a long reliever is often a team's least effective pitcher, he is still often a far better choice in an extended game than resorting to one of the team's starting pitchers (which can spread chaos throughout a pitching rotation, as everyone's future schedule gets adjusted), or even worse, resorting to a position player on the mound. A long man generally enters the game somewhere between the 11th and 16th innings in this role, and can be expected to pitch 5 or more innings, before a team will be forced to resort to other options.
Occasionally during the season, a team may find itself with enough rest days to allow it to use a four-man rotation rather than the now standard five. In these situations, a team may choose to keep their "fifth" starter on the roster in the long reliever role. This happens particularly in the post-season, when the fifth starter is a better pitcher than the "regular" long-reliever, allowing the team to carry either an additional short reliever, or position player, in lieu of the regular long man.
In recent years, teams began experimenting with an opener, a relief pitcher who starts a game but only pitches for at least the first inning. In this strategy, the opener usually pitches against the opponent's best batters at the start of a game in hopes of throwing them off guard, before giving way to a long reliever who would normally be a starter in this situation.
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{{Short description|Pitching role in baseball}}
{{Refimprove|date=January 2012}}
A '''long reliever''' or '''long-relief pitcher''' is a [[relief pitcher]] in [[baseball]] who enters the game if the [[starting pitcher]] leaves the game early.<ref>{{cite book|title=Fireman: The Evolution of the Closer in Baseball|first=Fran|last=Zimniuch|pages=[https://archive.org/details/firemanevolution0000zimn/page/154 154]|publisher=[[Triumph Books]]|location=Chicago|year=2010|isbn=978-1-60078-312-8|ref=zimniuch|url=https://archive.org/details/firemanevolution0000zimn/page/154}}</ref>
Long relievers often enter in the first three innings of a game<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last=Dickson |first=Paul |authorlink= Paul Dickson (writer) | title=The Dickson Baseball Dictionary |year=2009| publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]] |page=515| isbn=978-0-393-06681-4}}</ref> when the starting pitcher cannot continue, whether due to ineffective pitching, lack of endurance, rain delays, injury, or ejection. The hope is that the long reliever will be able to get the game under control, and his team's offense will be able to help get the team back into the game. The hope is also that the long reliever will pitch long enough to save other relievers in the bullpen from having to pitch.
Long relievers are usually players who used to be [[Starting pitcher|starter]]s either in the major leagues or in the minors (and still can be a temporary starter if one of the normal starters is injured or otherwise unavailable, or necessary due to workload as a "[[spot starter]]"), but whose teams believe they have better starters available. Sometimes a team's long reliever is a former starter who has lost his effectiveness, either through a decline in skills or a series of injuries. Occasionally, long relievers are inexperienced pitchers who may have the potential to become starters or [[setup pitcher]]s after gaining major league experience.
The quality of long relievers can vary, but when the long reliever is considered to be an ineffective former starter, he is often called the "mop up man" or "mop-up pitcher" and is often called by managers to pitch in games where there is a abundant run margin between either team which is colloquially termed pitching "mop duty".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=How does the mop up setting work for relief pitchers? |url=https://help.whatifsports.com/hc/en-us/articles/360014306951-How-does-the-mop-up-setting-work-for-relief-pitchers- |access-date=March 21, 2022 |website=Whatifsports}}</ref>
A secondary use of a long reliever is in the late [[extra innings]] of a tied game, once the team's other, generally more effective, relievers have already been used. While a long reliever is often a team's least effective pitcher{{cn|date=August 2017}}, he is still often a far better choice in an extended game than resorting to one of the team's starting pitchers (which can spread chaos throughout a pitching rotation, as everyone's future schedule gets adjusted), or even worse, resorting to a position player on the mound. A long man generally enters the game somewhere between the 11th and 16th innings in this role, and can be expected to pitch 5 or more innings, before a team will be forced to resort to other options.
Occasionally during the season, a team may find itself with enough rest days to allow it to use a four-man rotation rather than the now standard five. In these situations, a team may choose to keep their "fifth" starter on the roster in the long reliever role. This happens particularly in the post-season, when the fifth starter is a better pitcher than the "regular" long-reliever, allowing the team to carry either an additional short reliever, or position player, in lieu of the regular long man.
In recent years, teams began experimenting with an ''[[opener (baseball)|opener]]'', a relief pitcher who starts a game but only pitches for at least the first inning. In this strategy, the opener usually pitches against the opponent's best batters at the start of a game in hopes of throwing them off guard, before giving way to a long reliever who would normally be a starter in this situation.
==See also==
* {{section link|Glossary of baseball terms#mop up}}
==References==
{{Portal|Baseball}}
{{Reflist}}
{{BaseballPositions}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Long Reliever}}
[[Category:Pitching (baseball)]]
[[Category:Baseball strategy]]
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# Leonello Rabatti
Leonello Rabatti (born 7 November 1960, Reggello, Italy) is an Italian poet and critic. He lives in Prato and has privately published two volumes of poetry. He received a degree in Modern Literature from the University of Florence.
Rabatti has contributed poetry and prose to several Italian magazines, including "Semicerchio","Collettivo R", "Pietraserena", "Hebenon", "Spiritualità e letteratura." He has also participated in various poetry and musical events in Florence and elsewhere in Italy.
## Selected works
- Limite del silenzio (1992)
- Destino (1995).
### Poetry included in anthologies
- Poeti di Novecento (1994)
- Nostos – Poeti degli anni Novanta a Firenze (1997)
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2023-04-17T16:50:03Z
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{{short description|Italian poet and critic (born 1960)}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
'''Leonello Rabatti''' (born 7 November 1960, Reggello, Italy) is an Italian [[poet]] and [[critic]]. He lives in [[Prato]] and has privately published two volumes of poetry. He received a degree in Modern Literature from the [[University of Florence]].
Rabatti has contributed poetry and prose to several Italian magazines, including "Semicerchio","Collettivo R", "Pietraserena", "Hebenon", "Spiritualità e letteratura." He has also participated in various poetry and musical events in Florence and elsewhere in Italy.<ref>[http://www.literary.it/rubriche/dati/intervista/nesti/bio_rabatti.html Literary.it, Biographical Note]</ref>
==Selected works==
*''Limite del silenzio'' (1992)
*''Destino'' (1995).
===Poetry included in anthologies===
* ''Poeti di Novecento'' (1994)
* ''Nostos – Poeti degli anni Novanta a Firenze'' (1997)
==References==
<references />
==External links==
*[http://www.literary.it/rubriche/dati/intervista/nesti/leonello_rabatti.html An interview with Leonello Rabatti] (Italian)
*[http://en.vionto.com/show/me/Leonello+Rabatti About Leonello Rabatti]
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rabatti, Leonello}}
[[Category:Italian poets]]
[[Category:Italian male poets]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1960 births]]
{{Italy-poet-stub}}
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[]
| false
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# Caroline Bosbach
Caroline Bosbach (born 27 November 1989 in Bergisch Gladbach) is a German politician who was elected as a member of the Bundestag in 2025. She is the daughter of Wolfgang Bosbach.
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| 79,322,337
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Caroline Bosbach
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Bosbach
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2025-03-28T20:21:00Z
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en
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Q106618306
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{{short description|German politician (born 1989)}}
{{use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Caroline Bosbach
| image = Caroline Bosbach.jpg
| caption = Bosbach in 2016
| office = [[Bundestag|Member of the Bundestag]]
| term_start = 25 March 2025
| term_end =
| succeeding =
| successor =
| constituency = [[Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis (electoral district)|Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis]]
| party = [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]]
| otherparty =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|27 November 1989|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Bergisch Gladbach
| alma_mater =
| father = [[Wolfgang Bosbach]]
| predecessor = [[Hermann-Josef Tebroke]]
}}
'''Caroline Bosbach''' (born 27 November 1989 in [[Bergisch Gladbach]]) is a German politician who was elected as a member of the [[Bundestag]] in 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundeswahlleiterin.de/en/bundestagswahlen/2025/gewaehlte/bund-99/land-5.html|title=Elected candidates|publisher=[[Federal Returning Officer]]}}</ref> She is the daughter of [[Wolfgang Bosbach]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nord24.de/promis/tochter-von-wolfgang-bosbach-will-in-den-bundestag-224919.html|title=Tochter von Wolfgang Bosbach will in den Bundestag|work=Nord24de|date=26 July 2024|language=de}}</ref>
== External links ==
* [https://caroline-bosbach.de/ Official website by Caroline Bosbach]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bosbach, Caroline}}
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany]]
[[Category:Members of the Bundestag for North Rhine-Westphalia]]
[[Category:Female members of the Bundestag]]
[[Category:21st-century German women politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Bundestag 2025–2029]]
{{Germany-politician-stub}}
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[{"title": "Member of the Bundestag", "data": {"Member of the Bundestag": ["Incumbent", "Assumed office \u00b7 25 March 2025"], "Preceded by": "Hermann-Josef Tebroke", "Constituency": "Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis"}}, {"title": "Personal details", "data": {"Born": "27 November 1989 \u00b7 Bergisch Gladbach", "Political party": "Christian Democratic Union", "Parent": "- Wolfgang Bosbach (father)"}}]
| false
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# Punched card sorter
A punched card sorter is a machine for sorting decks of punched cards.
Sorting was a major activity in most facilities that processed data on punched cards using unit record equipment. The work flow of many processes required decks of cards to be put into some specific order as determined by the data punched in the cards. The same deck might be sorted differently for different processing steps. A popular family of sorters, the IBM 80 series sorters, sorted input cards into one of 13 pockets depending on the holes punched in a selected column and the sorter's settings.
## Basic operation
The basic operation of a card sorter is to take a punched card, examine a single column, and place the card into a selected pocket. There are twelve rows on a punched card, and thirteen pockets in the sorter; one pocket is for blanks, rejects, and errors. (IBM 1962)
Cards are normally passed through the sorter face down with the bottom edge ("9-edge") first. A small metal brush or optical sensor is positioned so that, as each card goes through the sorter, one column passes under the brush or optical sensor. The holes sensed in that column together with the settings of the sorter controls determine which pocket the card is to be directed to. This directing is done by slipping the card into a stack of metal strips (or chute blades) that run the length of the sorter feed mechanism. Each blade ends above one of the output pockets, and the card is thus routed to the designated pocket.
## Sorting operations
Multiple column sorting was commonly done by first sorting the least significant column, then proceeding, column by column, to the most significant column. This is called a least significant digit radix sort.
Numeric columns have one punch in rows 0-9, possibly a sign overpunch in rows 11-12, and can be sorted in a single pass through the sorter. Alphabetic columns have a zone punch in rows 12, 11, or 0 and a digit punch in one of the rows 1-9, and can be sorted by passing some or all of the cards through the sorter twice on that column. For more details of punched card codes see punched card#IBM 80-column format and character codes.
Several methods were used for alphabetical sorting, depending on the features provided by the particular sorter and the characteristics of the data to be sorted. A commonly used method on the 082 and earlier sorters was to sort the cards twice on the same column, first on digit rows 1-9, and then (after re-stacking) on the zone rows 12, 11, and 0. Operator switches allow zone-sorting by "switching off" rows 1-9 for the second pass of the card for each column.
Other special characters and punctuation marks were added to the card code, involving as many as three punches per column (and in 1964 with the introduction of EBCDIC as many as six punches per column). The 083 and 084 sorters recognized these multiple-digit or multiple-zone punches, sorting them to the error pocket.
## Earlier sorters
Original census sorting box, 1890, manual.
Sorting cards became an issue during the 1900 agricultural census, so Herman Hollerith's company developed the 1901 Hollerith Automatic Horizontal Sorter, a sorter with horizontal pockets.
In 1908, he designed the more compact Hollerith 070 Vertical Sorting Machine that sorted 250 cards per minute.
The Type 71 Vertical Sorter came out in 1928. It had 12 pockets that could hold 80 cards. It could sort 150 cards per minute.
The Type 75, Model 1, 19??, 400 cards per minute
The Type 75, Model 2, 19??, 250 cards per minute
## IBM 80 series Sorters
Card Sorters in the IBM 80 series included:
- IBM 80 Electric Punched Card Sorting Machine, model 1, Introduced by IBM in 1925, 450 cards per minute.[3] This sorter was almost twice the speed of the older Hollerith 70 vertical sorter and used an entirely new magnetically operated horizontal design. At the close of 1943, IBM had 10,200 of these units on rental.[9]
- IBM 80, model 2, 192?, 250 cards per minute[3]
- IBM 81 Sorter, ????
- IBM 82 Sorter, 1949. Sorted cards at 650/minute[3][10]
- IBM 83 Sorter, 1955. Sorted cards at 1000/minute[3][10]
- IBM 84 Sorter, 1959. Sorted cards at 2000/minute[3][10]
In August 1957, a basic 082 rented for $55 per month; an 083 for twice that. (IBM 1957)
By 1969, only the 82, 83, and 84 were made available for rental by IBM.
## Modern card sorters
In the early 2020s, TCG Machines introduced a card sorting machine to process trading card game cards. The punched cards and brushes in these modern sorters have been replaced with image sensors (cameras) and computer vision technology, but their form and operation remain essentially identical to that of their historical predecessors.
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Punched card sorter
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card_sorter
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[[File:IBM 080 (2).jpg|thumb|IBM 080 Card Sorter]]
[[File:Punch card sorter.JPG|thumb|IBM 082 Card Sorter]]
A '''punched card sorter''' is a machine for [[sorting algorithm|sorting]] decks of [[punched card]]s.
Sorting was a major activity in most facilities that processed data on punched cards using [[unit record equipment]]. The work flow of many processes required decks of cards to be put into some specific order as determined by the data punched in the cards. The same deck might be sorted differently for different processing steps. A popular family of sorters, the IBM 80 series sorters, sorted input cards into one of 13 pockets depending on the holes punched in a selected column and the sorter's settings.
==Basic operation==
[[File:IBM 83 card sorter - reader brush.jpg|thumb|Reader brush on an IBM 83 card sorter]]
The basic operation of a card sorter is to take a punched card, examine a single column, and place the card into a selected pocket. There are twelve rows on a punched card, and thirteen pockets in the sorter; one pocket is for blanks, rejects, and errors. {{Harv|IBM|1962}}
Cards are normally passed through the sorter face down with the bottom edge ("9-edge") first. A small metal brush or optical sensor is positioned so that, as each card goes through the sorter, one column passes under the brush or optical sensor. The holes sensed in that column together with the settings of the sorter controls determine which pocket the card is to be directed to. This directing is done by slipping the card into a stack of metal strips (or ''chute blades'') that run the length of the sorter feed mechanism. Each blade ends above one of the output pockets, and the card is thus routed to the designated pocket.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murray |first=Francis J. |title=Mathematical Machines Volume 1: Digital Computers |year=1961 |publisher=Columbia University Press}} Operation of the sorter's chute blades is described and illustrated on pages 86-87</ref>
==Sorting operations==
[[File:Blue-punch-card-front-horiz.png|thumb|Punched card showing character coding]]
Multiple column sorting was commonly done by first sorting the least significant column, then proceeding, column by column, to the most significant column. This is called a <!-- See discussion ---> least significant digit [[radix sort]].
Numeric columns have one punch in rows 0-9, possibly a sign overpunch in rows 11-12, and can be sorted in a single pass through the sorter. Alphabetic columns have a zone punch in rows 12, 11, or 0 and a digit punch in one of the rows 1-9, and can be sorted by passing some or all of the cards through the sorter twice on that column. For more details of punched card codes see [[punched card#IBM 80-column format and character codes]].
Several methods were used for [[alphabetical order|alphabetical sorting]], depending on the features provided by the particular sorter and the characteristics of the data to be sorted. A commonly used method on the 082 and earlier sorters was to sort the cards twice on the same column, first on digit rows 1-9, and then (after re-stacking) on the zone rows 12, 11, and 0.<!-- (or vice versa, zone rows first then digit rows) NO, that makes the final sort order 1AJ/2BKS3CLT4DMU5ENV6FOW7GPX8HQY9IRZ --> Operator switches allow zone-sorting by "switching off" rows 1-9 for the second pass of the card for each column. <!-- if you want to expand this paragraph... 1.) see the 083-084 sorting options. 2.) add a description of the 1st pass alphabetical done with cards placed 12 edge 1st and switching off row 9 (which is really 12 with the cards fed 12 edge first). Thus for that column letters A-I sort out on the 1st pass and only J-Z require two passes. This can, of course, be done only for alphabetic, not alphanumeric, columns. -->
Other special [[character (computing)|characters]] and [[punctuation mark]]s were added to the card [[code]], involving as many as three punches per column (and in 1964 with the introduction of [[EBCDIC]] as many as six punches per column). The 083 and 084 sorters recognized these multiple-digit or multiple-zone punches, sorting them to the error pocket.
==Earlier sorters==
[[File:HollerithMachine.CHM.jpg|thumb|Replica of Hollerith tabulating machine with sorting box, circa 1890. The "sorting box" was an adjunct to, and controlled by, the tabulator. The "sorter", an independent machine, was a later development.<ref>{{cite book |last=Austrian |first=Geoffrey D. |title=Herman Hollerith: Forgotten Giant of Information Processing |year=1982 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=0-231-05146-8 |pages=41, 178–179}}</ref>]]
Original census sorting box, 1890, manual.<ref name="Columbia">{{cite web |title=IBM Card Sorter |url=https://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/sorter.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429061504/http://columbia.edu:80/cu/computinghistory/sorters.html |archive-date=2021-04-29}}</ref>
Sorting cards became an issue during the 1900 agricultural census, so [[Herman Hollerith]]'s company developed the 1901 Hollerith Automatic Horizontal Sorter,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050221102531/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/attic2/attic2_056.html 1901 Hollerith Automatic Horizontal Sorter]</ref> a sorter with horizontal pockets.<ref name="IBMfaq">[https://web.archive.org/web/20041217213509/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/reference/faq_0000000011.html IBM Archives faq]</ref>
In 1908, he designed the more compact Hollerith 070 Vertical Sorting Machine<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050114202843/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/attic3/attic3_034.html IBM Archives: Hollerith 070 Vertical Sorter]</ref> that sorted 250 cards per minute.<ref name="Columbia"/><ref name="IBMfaq"/>
The Type 71 Vertical Sorter came out in 1928. It had 12 pockets that could hold 80 cards. It could sort 150 cards per minute.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050114202848/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/attic3/attic3_084.html IBM Archives: IBM Type 71 Vertical Sorter]</ref>
The Type 75, Model 1, 19??, 400 cards per minute<ref name="Columbia"/>
The Type 75, Model 2, 19??, 250 cards per minute<ref name="Columbia"/>
==IBM 80 series Sorters==
[[File:Vrouw bij een sorteermachine, Bestanddeelnr 254-2223.jpg|thumb|IBM card sorter at the Red Cross in Geneva, 1946; model 80, or possibly an 81]]
[[File:Lochkartensortierer IBM 080 - Lochkartenablageregal Hollerith TSD (1).JPG|thumb|right|IBM 080]]
Card Sorters in the IBM 80 series<ref>Which are sometimes named with a leading zero: IBM 080, 081, etc. {{cite web |title=IBM Archives: Italy chronology
|website=[[IBM]] |url=https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/italy/italy_ch1.html}}</ref> included:
*'''IBM 80 Electric Punched Card Sorting Machine''', model 1, Introduced by [[International Business Machines|IBM]] in 1925, 450 cards per minute.<ref name="Columbia"/> This sorter was almost twice the speed of the older [[Hollerith 70]] vertical sorter and used an entirely new magnetically operated horizontal design. At the close of 1943, IBM had 10,200 of these units on rental.<ref>{{cite book |title=IBM's Early Computers |last1=Bashe |first1=Charles J. |last2=Johnson |first2=Lyle R. |last3=Palmer |first3=John H. |last4=Pugh |first4=Emerson W. |year=1986 |publisher=MIT |isbn=0-262-02225-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/ibmsearlycompute00bash/page/21 21] |url=https://archive.org/details/ibmsearlycompute00bash/page/21 |url-access=registration}}</ref>
*'''IBM 80, model 2''', 192?, 250 cards per minute<ref name="Columbia"/>
*'''IBM 81 Sorter''', ????
*'''IBM 82 Sorter''', 1949. Sorted cards at 650/minute<ref name="Columbia"/><ref name=Fein>{{cite book |title=Fundamentals of Punched Card Data Processing
|date=1969 |publisher=Wm. C. Brown Company |author=Carl Feingold
|page=29}}</ref>
*'''IBM 83 Sorter''', 1955. Sorted cards at 1000/minute<ref name="Columbia"/><ref name=Fein/>
*'''IBM 84 Sorter''', 1959. Sorted cards at 2000/minute<ref name="Columbia"/><ref name=Fein/>
In August 1957, a basic 082 rented for $55 per month; an 083 for twice that. {{Harv|IBM|1957}}
By 1969, only the 82, 83, and 84 were made available for rental by IBM.<ref name=Fein/>
==Modern card sorters==
In the early 2020s, [[TCG Machines]] introduced a card sorting machine to process [[collectible card game|trading card game]] cards.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gordon |first=Graeme |title=Card Sorting Machines – a Technology Older than the Automobile |date=2021-04-10 |website=TCG Machines |url=https://tcgmachines.com/blog/card-sorting-machines-a-technology-older-than-the-automobile |access-date=2024-01-03}}</ref> The punched cards and brushes in these modern sorters have been replaced with image sensors (cameras) and [[computer vision]] technology, but their form and operation remain essentially identical to that of their historical predecessors.
==See also==
*[[Bucket sort]]
*[[Unit record equipment]]
==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*{{cite book
|last=Baehne
|first=George W.
|title=Practical Applications of the Punched Card Method in Colleges and Universities
|year=1935
|publisher=Columbia University Press
}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050119221507/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/attic3/attic3_136.html IBM Archives: IBM Type 80]
*{{cite book
|last=IBM
|title=IBM Reference Manual: 82, 83, and 84 Sorters
|date=July 1962
|id=A24-1034-1
|url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/punchedCard/Sorter/A24-1034-1_82-83-84_sorters.pdf}}
*{{cite book
|last=IBM
|title=IBM Equipment Summary
|date=August 20, 1957
|url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/punchedCard/Training/Card_Equipment_Summary_Aug57.pdf
}}. (descriptions, photos, and rental prices)
==External links==
* [https://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/sorter.html Columbia University Computing History: IBM Card Sorters]
* [http://www.computercollector.com/cgi-bin/exec/compcol/menu-st.cgi?directory=/archive/ibm/pcaa/sorting The Computer Collector: IBM Sorters (Models 75, 80, 82, 83)] (appears to be pages from the 1955 IBM Sales Manual)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RCgIrZiC6c YouTube video of IBM 083 Card Sorter in operation]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=liXI4441j00 Informational film from 1968 showing various operations on an IBM 082 Card Sorter]
{{Commons category|IBM punch card sorters}}
[[Category:IBM unit record equipment|80 series]]
[[Category:Punched card]] <!-- Category "IBM Unit Record Equipment" is already a subcategory of "IBM punched card hardware" and "IBM unit record equipment" -->
| 1,261,258,182
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[]
| false
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# Marcus Nummius Albinus
Marcus Nummius Albinus (possibly Marcus Nummius Attidius Senecio Albinus) (c. AD 200 – c. AD 274) was a Roman senator who was appointed consul twice, first as a suffectus sometime around AD 240, and secondly as an ordinarius in AD 263.
## Biography
Nummius Albinus was possibly the son of Marcus Nummius Senecio Albinus who had been consul in AD 227. He in turn was appointed suffect consul before AD 256, possibly around AD 240, during which time he may have been honoured by a statue erected at Adada in Pisidia. In AD 256, he was appointed the Praefectus urbi of Rome. He held this post a second time under the emperor Gallienus, from 261 to 263, and was elevated to the office of consul prior alongside an otherwise unidentifiable individual named Dexter or perhaps Maximus Dexter in 263.
Nummius Albinus may also have been the Albinus who was either Praeses or legatus proconsulis in Lycia et Pamphylia. It is assumed that he was the Albinus who died of old age during the reign of Aurelian. He was perhaps the brother of Marcus Nummius Tuscus who was consul ordinarius in AD 258, and he may have been the father of Marcus Nummius Ceionius Annius Albinus, who was probably Praetor urbanus during the reign of Diocletian.
## Sources
- Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I AD 260–395, Cambridge University Press (1971)
- Mennen, Inge, Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284 (2011)
|
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en
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Q1174108
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{{Short description|Roman senator and consul (c.200-c.274)}}
'''Marcus Nummius Albinus''' (possibly '''Marcus Nummius Attidius Senecio Albinus''')<ref>Mennen, pg. 113</ref> (c. AD 200 – c. AD 274) was a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] [[Senate of the Roman Empire|senator]] who was appointed [[Roman consul|consul]] twice, first as a ''suffectus'' sometime around AD 240, and secondly as an ''ordinarius'' in AD 263.
==Biography==
Nummius Albinus was possibly the son of [[Marcus Nummius Senecio Albinus]] who had been [[Roman consul|consul]] in AD 227. He in turn was appointed [[Roman consul|suffect consul]] before AD 256, possibly around AD 240, during which time he may have been honoured by a statue erected at Adada in [[Pisidia]].<ref>Martindale & Jones, pg. 35</ref> In AD 256, he was appointed the ''[[Praefectus urbi]]'' of [[Ancient Rome|Rome]]. He held this post a second time under the emperor [[Gallienus]], from 261 to 263, and was elevated to the office of ''consul prior'' alongside an otherwise unidentifiable individual named Dexter or perhaps Maximus Dexter in 263.<ref>Mennen, pg. 115</ref>
Nummius Albinus may also have been the Albinus who was either ''[[Praeses]]'' or ''[[Legatus|legatus proconsulis]]'' in [[Lycia et Pamphylia]]. It is assumed that he was the Albinus who died of old age during the reign of [[Aurelian]].<ref>Mennen, pg. 113; Martindale & Jones, pg. 35</ref> He was perhaps the brother of [[Marcus Nummius Tuscus]] who was ''consul ordinarius'' in AD 258, and he may have been the father of Marcus Nummius Ceionius Annius Albinus, who was probably ''[[Praetor urbanus]]'' during the reign of [[Diocletian]].
==Sources==
* Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M, ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Vol. I AD 260–395, Cambridge University Press (1971)
* Mennen, Inge, ''Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284'' (2011)
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{S-bef| before= [[Gallienus|Gallienus Augustus]] V|before2=[[Nummius Faustianus]]}}
{{S-ttl| title=[[List of Roman consuls|Roman consul]]| years=263 |regent1=Dexter}}
{{S-aft| after= [[Gallienus|Gallienus Augustus]] VI|after2=Saturninus}}
{{end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nummius Albinus, Marcus}}
[[Category:274 deaths]]
[[Category:3rd-century Roman consuls]]
[[Category:Urban prefects of Rome]]
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# Mobile workflow
Mobile Workflows within mobile technology are specialized workflows. The purpose is to address deployment of workflows in mobile device infrastructure, thus enabling automation of process interaction for traditional business processes from within the device.
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_workflow
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2024-07-03T13:20:18Z
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en
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Q6887264
| 10,488
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'''Mobile Workflows''' within [[mobile technology]] are specialized [[workflow]]s. The purpose is to address deployment of workflows in [[Handheld device|mobile device]] infrastructure, thus enabling automation of process interaction for traditional [[business process]]es from within the device.
==References==
Mobile Process - Workflows for Mobile centric services composition [http://research.nokia.com/projects/mobile_business_processes]
*"Developing Workflow Engine for Mobile Devices", Lasse Pajunen, Suresh Chande, The 11th International conference on EDOC-2007, 15–19 October 2007, [[Annapolis, Maryland]], USA.
*"Designing [[User interface|User Interfaces]] for Mobile Business Processes using Messaging Interfaces", Lasse Pajunen, Suresh Chande, Sameh Galal, SABRE, [[Leipzig|Leipzig, Germany]], 24–27 September 2007.
*"Mobile Process Forms - An [[Unified messaging|unified Messaging]] Interface", Suresh Chande, Lasse Pajunen, Sameh Galal, WWW/internet 2007, Vila Real, Portugal, 5–8 October 2007
*"ActiveForms: A Runtime for Mobile Application Forms", Suresh Chande, Lasse Pajunen, The 6th International Conference on mobile business ICMB 2007, July 9–11, Toronto Canada.
*"Modeling and Generating Mobile Business Processes", Lasse Pajunen, Anna Ruokonen, In the proceedings of The IEEE International Conference on [[Web service|Web Services]] (ICWS), [[Salt Lake City, Utah]], USA, July 2007
[[Category:Mobile technology]]
{{business-stub}}
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# Postmodern Metanarratives: Blade Runner and Literature in the Age of Image
Postmodern Metanarratives: Blade Runner and Literature in the Age of Image is a non-fiction book by Décio Torres Cruz published in 2014 by Palgrave Macmillan.
## Synopsis
Postmodern Metanarratives investigates the connection between literature and cinema through a thorough study of Ridley Scott's cyberpunk filmic narrative Blade Runner. The book establishes a link between the literary tradition and the (post)modern in a collage of several texts that directly or indirectly are referenced in the film. The author compares the modern hero to the epic hero through the biblical epic works of Dante, John Milton and William Blake. The film's references to Sophocles's play Oedipus Rex and E. A. T. Hoffmann's story "The Sandman" are analyzed from a psychoanalytical perspective. The book explores the postmodern references in the film by examining their connections to the works of Philip K. Dick, William Burroughs, Alan Nourse and Aldous Huxley and to the literary sequels for Scott's film in K. W. Jeter's novels Blade Runner 2: The Edge of Human, Blade Runner 3: Replicant Night, Blade Runner 4: Eye and Talon. The author also discusses how the film Blade Runner reflects the ubiquitous power of media in postmodern society and deconstructs dualities such as fake/real and original/copy.
## Academic reception
Since its release, Postmodern Metanarratives has been included in undergraduate and graduate course lists. It has been cited in books, papers and scientific articles in academic journals,
The book review in chapter XVII: American Literature: The Twentieth Century of The Year's Work in English Studies by James Gifford and others states that this book
provides an extended examination of the film Blade Runner in the context of theories of postmodernism, especially the subgenre of cyberpunk and Charles Jencks's understanding of metanarrative: 'a narrative that talks about the process of its own making’ and 'inquires about its constituent nature’ and its appropriation of and 'similitude with' other narrative forms 'in the pursuit of change' (pp. 36–7). For literary scholars of the post-1945 period, Cruz's engagement with the contemporary fictional texts upon which the movie draws may be of most interest. For example, in chapter 6, 'Collating the Postmodern', Cruz explores the influence of Burroughs’s Blade Runner, a Movie, Alan Nourse’s novel The Bladerunner, and Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, while charting thematic differences and similarities between literary precursors and the film.
## Contents
Besides the introduction and the conclusion, the book comprises 12 chapters:
1. On Words and Meanings: Contradictions of the Modern or Postmodern Contradictions?
2. Literature and Film: A Brief Overview of Theory and Criticism
3. Blurring Genres: Dissolving Literature and Film in Blade Runner
4. Revisiting the Biblical Tradition: Dante, Blake and Milton in Blade Runner
5. Revisiting the Psychoanalytical Tradition
6. Collating the Postmodern
7. When Differences Fall Apart
8. From Conception to Inception: A Never-Ending Story
9. Deleted and Alternate Scenes in BR
10. The Workprint
11. Postmodern Renaissance: The Final Cut and the Rebirth of a Classic 25 Years Later
12. Recycling Media: Blade Runner to Be Continued
The conclusion is entitled "Replicating Life and Art" and may be considered an extra final chapter. Besides revising the topics previously discussed, the conclusion also discusses some aspects of the American culture and establishes connections with other science-fiction novels, such as Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 and Aldous Huxley's Brave New World.
|
enwiki/65371982
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enwiki
| 65,371,982
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Postmodern Metanarratives: Blade Runner and Literature in the Age of Image
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodern_Metanarratives:_Blade_Runner_and_Literature_in_the_Age_of_Image
|
2023-03-12T22:21:08Z
|
en
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Q104857982
| 32,892
|
'''''Postmodern Metanarratives: Blade Runner and Literature in the Age of Image''''' is a non-fiction book by Décio Torres Cruz published in 2014 by [[Palgrave Macmillan]].
== Synopsis ==
''Postmodern Metanarratives'' investigates the connection between literature and cinema through a thorough study of [[Ridley Scott]]'s [[cyberpunk]] filmic narrative ''[[Blade Runner]]''. The book establishes a link between the literary [[tradition]] and the [[Postmodern literature|(post)modern]] in a [[collage]] of several texts that directly or indirectly are referenced in the film. The author compares the modern [[hero]] to the [[Epic Hero|epic hero]] through the biblical epic works of [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]], [[John Milton]] and [[William Blake]]. The film's references to [[Sophocles]]'s play ''[[Oedipus Rex]]'' and [[E. T. A. Hoffmann|E. A. T. Hoffmann]]'s story "[[The Sandman (short story)|The Sandman]]" are analyzed from a psychoanalytical perspective. The book explores the postmodern references in the film by examining their connections to the works of [[Philip K. Dick]], [[William S. Burroughs|William Burroughs]], [[Alan E. Nourse|Alan Nourse]] and [[Aldous Huxley]] and to the literary sequels for Scott's film in [[K. W. Jeter]]'s novels ''[[Blade Runner 2: The Edge of Human]]'', [[Blade Runner 3: Replicant Night|''Blade Runner 3:'' ''Replicant Night'']], ''[[Blade Runner 4: Eye and Talon]]''. The author also discusses how the film ''Blade Runner'' reflects the ubiquitous power of media in postmodern society and deconstructs dualities such as fake/real and original/copy.<ref>Cruz, Décio. ''Postmodern Metanarratives: Blade Runner and Literature in the Age of Image''. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Back cover.</ref>
== Academic reception ==
Since its release, ''Postmodern Metanarratives'' has been included in undergraduate and graduate course lists.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bibliography for Introduction to Screenwriting {{!}} Prifysgol Bangor University|url=https://bangor.rl.talis.com/lists/500462B5-5A82-63C8-CE28-F3F3D5CE65C5/bibliography.html?fbclid=IwAR1jp4EsTfSbt1-6hrzYtytmuEHwOG3BQjUi34RimKI3MZfS0l2lPNZKetU|access-date=2020-09-20|website=bangor.rl.talis.com}}</ref><ref>Programa de Disciplina [Course syllabus]: Tópicos de Narrativa. Semestre: 2018.2 Universidade Federal do Ceará Centro de Humanidades Departamento de Literatura Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras Modalidade: Mestrado/Doutorado https://ppgletras.ufc.br/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/hgp8722-topicos-de-narrativa-prof.-carlos-augusto.pdf</ref> It has been cited in books, papers and scientific articles in [[academic journal]]s,<ref>{{cite book |last=Suárez |first=Ramón Máiz|date=2018 |chapter=Una cuerda sobre el abismo: Modernismo y Posmodernismo en Metrópolis (Fritz Lang) y Blade Runner (Ridley Scott) |pages=71–116 |trans-chapter=A Rope Over the Abyss: Modernism and Postmodernism in Metropolis (Fritz Lang) and Blade Runner (Ridley Scott) |language=es |chapter-url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6592164 |editor1-last=Sáez |editor1-first=Manuel Alcántara |editor2-last=Mariani |editor2-first=Santiago |title=La política es de cine |publisher=Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales |isbn=978-84-259-1756-1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brito |first1=João Luiz Teixeira de |last2=Cruz |first2=Décio Torres |title=REPRESENTAÇÕES DO CORPO NA CULTURA POP: IN UTERO, TRANSFORMAÇÃO, RUÍDO E MATERIALIDADE |trans-title=REPRESENTATIONS OF THE BODY IN POP CULTURE: IN UTERO, TRANSFORMATION, NOISE AND MATERIALITY |journal=Revista e-scrita |date=30 April 2018 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=110–124 |url=https://revista.uniabeu.edu.br/index.php/RE/article/view/3177 |language=pt }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Souza |first1=José Ailson Lemos |title=A REDE INTERTEXTUAL ENTRE AS ARTES NA ADAPTAÇÃO DE UM QUARTO COM VISTA |trans-title=THE INTERTEXTUAL NETWORK BETWEEN THE ARTS IN ADAPTING A ROOM WITH A VIEW |journal=Transversal |date=2016 |volume=2 |issue=4 |url=http://www.periodicos.ufc.br/transversal/article/view/20408 |language=pt }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |id={{ProQuest|226985939}} |last1=Desser |first1=David |title=Blade Runner: Science Fiction & Transcendence |journal=Literature/Film Quarterly |volume=13 |issue=3 |date=1985 |pages=172–179 }}</ref>
The book review in chapter XVII: American Literature: The Twentieth Century of ''The Year's Work in English Studies'' by James Gifford and others states that this book <blockquote>provides an extended examination of the film Blade Runner in the context of theories of postmodernism, especially the subgenre of cyberpunk and Charles Jencks's understanding of metanarrative: 'a narrative that talks about the process of its own making’ and 'inquires about its constituent nature’ and its appropriation of and 'similitude with' other narrative forms 'in the pursuit of change' (pp. 36–7). For literary scholars of the post-1945 period, Cruz's engagement with the contemporary fictional texts upon which the movie draws may be of most interest. For example, in chapter 6, 'Collating the Postmodern', Cruz explores the influence of Burroughs’s ''Blade Runner, a Movie'', Alan Nourse’s novel ''The Bladerunner'', and Philip K. Dick’s ''Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?'', while charting thematic differences and similarities between literary precursors and the film.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gifford |first1=James |last2=Clawson |first2=James M. |last3=Foltz |first3=Mary |last4=Ussner Kidder |first4=Orion |last5=Armstrong |first5=Jolene |last6=Parker |first6=Lindsay |title=XVII American Literature: The Twentieth Century |journal=The Year's Work in English Studies |date=2016 |volume=95 |issue=1 |pages=1091–1223 |doi=10.1093/ywes/maw019 }}</ref></blockquote>
== Contents ==
Besides the introduction and the conclusion, the book comprises 12 chapters:
# On Words and Meanings: Contradictions of the Modern or Postmodern Contradictions?
# Literature and Film: A Brief Overview of Theory and Criticism
# Blurring Genres: Dissolving Literature and Film in Blade Runner
# Revisiting the Biblical Tradition: Dante, Blake and Milton in Blade Runner
# Revisiting the Psychoanalytical Tradition
# Collating the Postmodern
# When Differences Fall Apart
# From Conception to Inception: A Never-Ending Story
# Deleted and Alternate Scenes in BR
# The ''Workprint''
# Postmodern Renaissance: The Final Cut and the Rebirth of a Classic 25 Years Later
# Recycling Media: Blade Runner to Be Continued
The conclusion is entitled "Replicating Life and Art" and may be considered an extra final chapter. Besides revising the topics previously discussed, the conclusion also discusses some aspects of the American culture and establishes connections with other science-fiction novels, such as [[Ray Bradbury]]'s ''[[Fahrenheit 451]]'' and Aldous Huxley's ''[[Brave New World]].''
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:American non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Cinema of the United States]]
[[Category:Books about film]]
[[Category:Literary criticism]]
[[Category:Literary theory]]
| 1,144,289,257
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[]
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# Naluseh
Naluseh (Persian: نلوسه, also Romanized as Nalūseh) is a village in Melkari Rural District, Vazineh District, Sardasht County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 213, in 31 families.
|
enwiki/40823994
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enwiki
| 40,823,994
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Naluseh
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naluseh
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2024-10-28T19:37:11Z
|
en
|
Q5706225
| 67,411
|
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name =Naluseh
|native_name =نلوسه
|settlement_type = village
|pushpin_map =Iran
|mapsize =150px
|subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Iran}}
|subdivision_type1 =[[Provinces of Iran|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 =[[West Azerbaijan Province|West Azerbaijan]]
|subdivision_type2 =[[Counties of Iran|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Sardasht County|Sardasht]]
|subdivision_type3 =[[Bakhsh]]
|subdivision_name3 =[[Vazineh District|Vazineh]]
|subdivision_type4 =[[Rural Districts of Iran|Rural District]]
|subdivision_name4 =[[Melkari Rural District|Melkari]]
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_total_km2 =
|area_footnotes =
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_total =213
|population_density_km2 =auto
|timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
|utc_offset = +3:30
|timezone_DST = [[Iran Daylight Time|IRDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = +4:30
|coordinates = {{coord|36|20|06|N|45|31|32|E|region:IR|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m =
|area_code =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Naluseh''' ({{langx|fa|نلوسه}}, also [[Romanize]]d as '''Nalūseh''')<ref>{{GEOnet3|10078051|Naluseh}}</ref> is a village in [[Melkari Rural District]], [[Vazineh District]], [[Sardasht County]], [[West Azerbaijan Province]], [[Iran]]. At the 2006 census, its population was 213, in 31 families.<ref>{{IranCensus2006|04}}</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Sardasht County}}
{{Portal|Iran}}
[[Category:Populated places in Sardasht County]]
{{Sardasht-geo-stub}}
| 1,253,963,256
|
[{"title": "Naluseh \u0646\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0647", "data": {"Country": "Iran", "Province": "West Azerbaijan", "County": "Sardasht", "Bakhsh": "Vazineh", "Rural District": "Melkari"}}, {"title": "Population (2006)", "data": {"\u2022 Total": "213", "Time zone": "UTC+3:30 (IRST)", "\u2022 Summer (DST)": "UTC+4:30 (IRDT)"}}]
| false
|
# Lourembam Bino Devi
Lourembam Bino Devi (born 1 March 1944) is a practitioner and a popularizer of the appliqué art of Manipur called Leeba in the Meitei language. The Leeba art is used in creating Monmai which is a decorative circular appliqué art piece used in covering both ends of the traditional Manipuri bolster pillow. In the olden days, Leeba was practiced at "Phiribi Loishang", which is a house for maintaining clothes worn by the deities and royals. The apparels used by the royals, including shoes, were mostly designed using the Leeba technique. Bino Devi has devoted her life to practice this art form and to revive it by trying to transmit her skills to younger generation of interested women. She has been providing this training in collaboration with the Heritage Foundation of Mankind, a Non-Governmental Organization located in Imphal. She has also conducted several workshops at Imphal and at various other places in India.
## Early life
Lourembam Bino Devi was born on 1 March 1944 at Singjamei Mathak Thokchom Leikai, Imphal West, Manipur to Thokchom Mani Singh and Thokchom ongbi Ibemhal Devi. She completed class IX from Tamphasana Girls' High School, Imphal. At the age of 17, just after her marriage, she started work in Phiribi/Leeba (traditional applique art of Manipur). She received training in this art under Lourembam Ibetombi Devi, her own mother-in-law, who was the first National Awardee in Handicraft in 1969. Besides various handicrafts, she has designed several traditional items that are mandatory for a Manipuri marriage ceremony like Monmai, Ningkham Samjin, Luhon Phijil, Harao Phijil, Khudol Khongup and Kangkhal Asuba. For her work, the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India awarded her a stipend of Rs.15,000 per year starting from 1996 to February 2014 and from March 2014 it has been increased to Rs.24,000 per year. She has been described as an expert appliqué artisan in the book "Khutheibalaktagi" written by Sanasam Biren Singh (2013).
## Recognition: Padma Shri
- In the year 2022, Govt of India conferred the Padma Shri award, the third highest award in the Padma series of awards, on Lourembam Bino Devi for her distinguished service in the field of art.[4] The award is in recognition of her service as a "Veteran Appliqué Textile Artist preserving the Leeba textile art of Manipur for over five decades.".[5]
## Other recognitions/achievements
The recognitions earned by Lourembam Bino Devi include:
- State Award for Master Craftsmen by Commerce and Industries Department, Government of Manipur (1996)
- First Prize Winner in the 46th All India Handicrafts Week Celebration 2000-2001 organized by Government of Manipur
- Restored the Flag of Maharaja Chandrakirti at Manipur Kulachandra Singh, Khuman Lampak, 2012
- Repaired two pairs of rare velvet shoes used by Maharaja Kulachandra Singh, (1890–91) for displaying at the Kangla Museum, Imphal, 2013
- Silpa Bhusan Award by Manipuri Sahitya Parishad, 2015
- Women Achievers Award by Mahila Morcha, BJP Manipur Pradesh (2015)
## Additional reading
- Richana Khumanthem in conversation with L. Bino Devi, Imphal, August 2016: Richana Khumanthem. "Leeba (appliqué work of Manipur): In Conversation with L. Bino Devi". Sahapedia. Sahapedia. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- For an understanding of the Meetei identity expressed through the text and texture of clothing in ritual context: Yumnam Sapha Wangam Apanthoi M (February 2018). "Text and Texture of Clothing in Meetei Community: A Contextual Study" (PDF). International Journal of Research in Social Sciences. 8 (2): 236–255. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
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enwiki/70186017
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enwiki
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Lourembam Bino Devi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lourembam_Bino_Devi
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2025-01-10T12:41:53Z
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en
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Q110692019
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{{Short description|Indian textile artist}}
'''Lourembam Bino Devi''' (born 1 March 1944) is a practitioner and a popularizer of the [[appliqué]] art of [[Manipur]] called ''Leeba'' in the [[Meitei language]].<ref name="IFP"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Richana Khumanthem |title=Leeba (appliqué work of Manipur): In Conversation with L. Bino Devi |url=https://www.sahapedia.org/leeba-appliqu%C3%A9-work-of-manipur-conversation-l-bino-devi |website=Sahapedia |publisher=Sahapedia |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref> The Leeba art is used in creating ''Monmai'' which is a decorative circular appliqué art piece used in covering both ends of the traditional Manipuri [[bolster]] [[pillow]]. In the olden days, Leeba was practiced at "Phiribi Loishang", which is a house for maintaining clothes worn by the deities and royals. The apparels used by the royals, including shoes, were mostly designed using the Leeba technique. Bino Devi has devoted her life to practice this art form and to revive it by trying to transmit her skills to younger generation of interested women. She has been providing this training in collaboration with the Heritage Foundation of Mankind, a [[NGO|Non-Governmental Organization]] located in Imphal.<ref name="IFP">{{cite web |last1=B Rakesh Sharma |title=Padma Shri Lourembam Bino Devi working to revive dying Leeba art of Manipur |url=https://www.ifp.co.in/ifp-breaking-point/padma-shri-lourembam-bino-devi-working-to-revive-dying-leeba-art-of-manipur |website=Imphal Free Press |publisher=Imphal Free Press |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref> She has also conducted several workshops at Imphal and at various other places in India.<ref name="E-PAO">{{cite web |last1=Daniel Chabungbam |title=Lourembam Bino Devi :: Applique Artisan Profile (Nominated for Padmashri Award) |url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Profile_of_Manipuri_Personalities.Lourembam_Bino_Devi_Artisan_Profile_By_Daniel_Chabungbam |website=E-PAO (Now the World Knows) |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref>
==Early life==
Lourembam Bino Devi was born on 1 March 1944 at Singjamei Mathak Thokchom Leikai, [[Imphal West district|Imphal West]], [[Manipur]] to Thokchom Mani Singh and Thokchom ongbi Ibemhal Devi. She completed class IX from Tamphasana Girls' High School, Imphal. At the age of 17, just after her marriage, she started work in Phiribi/Leeba (traditional applique art of Manipur). She received training in this art under Lourembam Ibetombi Devi, her own mother-in-law, who was the first National Awardee in Handicraft in 1969. Besides various handicrafts, she has designed several traditional items that are mandatory for a Manipuri marriage ceremony like Monmai, Ningkham Samjin, Luhon Phijil, Harao Phijil, Khudol Khongup and Kangkhal Asuba. For her work, the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India awarded her a stipend of Rs.15,000 per year starting from 1996 to February 2014 and from March 2014 it has been increased to Rs.24,000 per year. She has been described as an expert appliqué artisan in the book "Khutheibalaktagi" written by Sanasam Biren Singh (2013).<ref name="E-PAO"/>
==Recognition: Padma Shri==
*In the year 2022, Govt of India conferred the [[Padma Shri]] award, the third highest award in the Padma series of awards, on Lourembam Bino Devi for her distinguished service in the field of art.<ref name="PadmaShri2022">{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2022 |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/padmaawardees2022.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125143803/https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/padmaawardees2022.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-25 |url-status=live|website=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt of India |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref> The award is in recognition of her service as a "Veteran [[Appliqué]] Textile Artist preserving the Leeba textile art of Manipur for over five decades.".<ref name="PadmaShri2022Images">{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2022 |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/AwardeeTickets2022.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129172910/https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/AwardeeTickets2022.aspx |archive-date=2022-01-29 |url-status=live|website=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt of India |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref>
==Other recognitions/achievements==
The recognitions earned by Lourembam Bino Devi include:<ref name="E-PAO"/>
*State Award for Master Craftsmen by Commerce and Industries Department, Government of Manipur (1996)
*First Prize Winner in the 46th All India Handicrafts Week Celebration 2000-2001 organized by Government of Manipur
*Restored the Flag of Maharaja Chandrakirti at Manipur Kulachandra Singh, Khuman Lampak, 2012
*Repaired two pairs of rare velvet shoes used by Maharaja Kulachandra Singh, (1890–91) for displaying at the Kangla Museum, Imphal, 2013
*Silpa Bhusan Award by Manipuri Sahitya Parishad, 2015
*Women Achievers Award by Mahila Morcha, BJP Manipur Pradesh (2015)
==See also==
*[[List of Padma Shri award recipients (2020–2029)#Padma Shri Award recipients in the year 2022|Padma Shri Award recipients in the year 2022]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Additional reading==
*Richana Khumanthem in conversation with L. Bino Devi, Imphal, August 2016: {{cite web |last1=Richana Khumanthem |title=Leeba (appliqué work of Manipur): In Conversation with L. Bino Devi |url=https://www.sahapedia.org/leeba-appliqu%C3%A9-work-of-manipur-conversation-l-bino-devi |website=Sahapedia |publisher=Sahapedia |access-date=27 February 2022}}
*For an understanding of the Meetei identity expressed through the text and texture of clothing in ritual context: {{cite journal |last1=Yumnam Sapha Wangam Apanthoi M |title=Text and Texture of Clothing in Meetei Community: A Contextual Study |journal=International Journal of Research in Social Sciences |date=February 2018 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=236-255 |url=https://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2018/IJRSS_FEBRUARY2018/IJMRA-13288.pdf |access-date=1 March 2022}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bino Devi, Lourembam}}
[[Category:Textile arts of India]]
[[Category:Indian textile artists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
| 1,268,572,760
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[]
| false
|
# Looking for Danger
Looking for Danger is a 1957 American comedy film directed by Austen Jewell and starring the comedy team of The Bowery Boys. The film was released on October 6, 1957 by Allied Artists and is the forty-sixth film in the series.
## Plot
A military investigator traces a missing government-issued item to Clancy's Cafe. Duke, attempting to explain the circumstances, recounts the wartime exploits of the Bowery Boys. The boys' sergeant,
fed up with Sach and Duke, volunteers them for a suicide mission. They go under cover as German soldiers to deliver a message to a sultan. The sultan, however, is in league with the German high command and plots to sabotage the advancing American troops.
## Cast
### The Bowery Boys
- Huntz Hall as Horace Debussy "Sach" Jones
- Stanley Clements as Stanislaus "Duke" Coveleskie
- David Gorcey as Charles "Chuck" Anderson
- Jimmy Murphy as Myron
- Eddie LeRoy as Blinky
### Supporting cast
- Dick Elliott as Mike Clancy
- Lili Kardell as Shareen
- Richard Avonde as Col. Ahmed Tabari
- Otto Reichow as Wolff
- Michael Granger as Sidi-Omar
- Peter Mamakos as Hassan
- Joan Bradshaw as Zarida
- George Khoury as Mustapha
- Henry Rowland as Wetzel
- Harry Strang as Watson
- Paul Bryar as Harper
- Jane Burgess as Sari
- John Harmon as Lester Bradfield
- Michael Vallon as Waiter
## Cast notes
- Dick Elliott now takes over for the role of Mike Clancy.
- Jimmy Murphy ('Myron')'s last Bowery Boys film.
## Production
The screenplay for Looking for Danger was written by veteran comedy writer Elwood Ullman, from an original story he wrote with his usual collaborator, writer-director Edward Bernds. Bernds and Ullman had sketched out the story a couple of years earlier while Bernds was directing the series; the leading roles were intended for Leo Gorcey and Huntz Hall, and the gags were similar to those in the Bernds-Ullman Three Stooges comedies. In a 1986 interview with Ted Okuda, Bernds noted, "If something is funny in one situation you can generally modify it to fit someone else. In our pictures, Huntz was the comic and Leo more the straight man, and it was very much a Stooge-like relationship."
Looking for Danger was filmed in June 1957. Producer Ben Schwalb moved on to other projects, and actor Jimmy Murphy was released. The studio was then preparing its backlog of Bowery Boys features for television syndication, and decided to discontinue the theatrical series. Huntz Hall still had two more feature films on his contract; former film editor and now staff producer Richard Heermance was assigned to oversee these last two quickies (Up in Smoke and In the Money). William Beaudine -- who had been the Bowery Boys' most frequent director -- came back to film them in a matter of days. The studio then demolished the long-standing "Bowery street" on the studio backlot.
## Home media
Warner Archives released Looking for Danger on made-to-order DVD in the United States as part of "The Bowery Boys, Volume Three" on October 1, 2013.
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enwiki
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Looking for Danger
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looking_for_Danger
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2024-12-22T01:27:58Z
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en
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Q6675374
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{{Short description|1957 film}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Looking for Danger
| image = Looking for Danger FilmPoster.jpeg
| caption =
| director = [[Austen Jewell]]
| producer = [[Ben Schwalb]]
| writer = [[Elwood Ullman]] (screenplay)<br>[[Edward Bernds]] and Elwood Ullman (story)
| starring = [[Huntz Hall]]<br>[[Stanley Clements]]<br>[[David Gorcey]]<br>[[Jimmy Murphy (actor)|Jimmy Murphy]]<br>[[Eddie LeRoy]]<br>[[Dick Elliott]]<br>Lili Kardell
| music = [[Marlin Skiles]]
| cinematography = [[Harry Neumann]]
| editing = [[William Austin (film editor)|William Austin]]
| studio = [[Monogram Pictures|Allied Artists Pictures]]
| distributor = Allied Artists Pictures
| released = {{Film date|1957|10|6}}
| runtime = 62 minutes
| country = United States
| language = English
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Looking for Danger''''' is a 1957 American [[comedy film]] directed by [[Austen Jewell]] and starring the comedy team of [[The Bowery Boys]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hayes |first1=David |title=The Films of the Bowery Boys |date=1982 |publisher=The Citadel Press |location=Secaucus, NJ |isbn=978-0806509310 |page=156}}</ref> The film was released on October 6, 1957 by Allied Artists and is the forty-sixth film in the series.
==Plot==
A military investigator traces a missing government-issued item to Clancy's Cafe. Duke, attempting to explain the circumstances, recounts the [[World War II|wartime]] exploits of the Bowery Boys. The boys' sergeant,
fed up with Sach and Duke, volunteers them for a suicide mission. They go under cover as German soldiers to deliver a message to a sultan. The sultan, however, is in league with the German high command and plots to sabotage the advancing American troops.
==Cast==
===The Bowery Boys===
* [[Huntz Hall]] as Horace Debussy "Sach" Jones
* [[Stanley Clements]] as Stanislaus "Duke" Coveleskie
* [[David Gorcey]] as Charles "Chuck" Anderson
* Jimmy Murphy as Myron
* Eddie LeRoy as Blinky
===Supporting cast===
* [[Dick Elliott]] as Mike Clancy
* Lili Kardell as Shareen
* [[Richard Avonde]] as Col. Ahmed Tabari
* Otto Reichow as Wolff
* [[Michael Granger (actor)|Michael Granger]] as Sidi-Omar
* [[Peter Mamakos]] as Hassan
* Joan Bradshaw as Zarida
* George Khoury as Mustapha
* [[Henry Rowland (actor)|Henry Rowland]] as Wetzel
* [[Harry Strang]] as Watson
* [[Paul Bryar]] as Harper
* Jane Burgess as Sari
* [[John Harmon (actor)|John Harmon]] as Lester Bradfield
* Michael Vallon as Waiter
==Cast notes==
* [[Dick Elliott]] now takes over for the role of Mike Clancy.
* Jimmy Murphy ('Myron')'s last Bowery Boys film.
==Production==
The screenplay for ''Looking for Danger'' was written by veteran comedy writer [[Elwood Ullman]], from an original story he wrote with his usual collaborator, writer-director [[Edward Bernds]]. Bernds and Ullman had sketched out the story a couple of years earlier while Bernds was directing the series; the leading roles were intended for [[Leo Gorcey]] and Huntz Hall, and the gags were similar to those in the Bernds-Ullman [[Three Stooges]] comedies. In a 1986 interview with [[Ted Okuda]], Bernds noted, "If something is funny in one situation you can generally modify it to fit someone else. In our pictures, Huntz was the comic and Leo more the straight man, and it was very much a Stooge-like relationship."<ref>Edward Bernds to Ted Okuda, ''Filmfax'' magazine, Jan.-Feb. 1986, p. 48.</ref>
''Looking for Danger'' was filmed in June 1957. Producer Ben Schwalb moved on to other projects, and actor Jimmy Murphy was released. The studio was then preparing its backlog of Bowery Boys features for television syndication,<ref>''Hollywood Reporter'', "AA Buys Grippo's 23 'Bowery' Films,' December 20, 1957, p. 1.</ref> and decided to discontinue the theatrical series. Huntz Hall still had two more feature films on his contract; former film editor and now staff producer [[Richard Heermance]] was assigned to oversee these last two quickies (''[[Up_in_Smoke_(1957_film)|Up in Smoke]]'' and ''[[In the Money]]''). [[William Beaudine]] -- who had been the Bowery Boys' most frequent director -- came back to film them in a matter of days. The studio then demolished the long-standing "Bowery street" on the studio backlot.<ref>''Hollywood Reporter,'' "Westward Bound," October 11, 1957, p. 3.</ref>
==Home media==
[[Warner Bros.|Warner Archives]] released ''Looking for Danger'' on made-to-order [[DVD]] in the United States as part of ''"The Bowery Boys, Volume Three"'' on October 1, 2013.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0050654}}
* {{TCMDb title|id=81794}}
* {{AFI film|52268}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| title='[[The Bowery Boys]]' movies
| years=1946–1958
| before=''[[Spook Chasers]]''<br>1957
| after=''[[Up in Smoke (1957 film)|Up in Smoke]]''<br>1957}}
{{end}}
{{The Bowery Boys}}
[[Category:1957 films]]
[[Category:1957 comedy films]]
[[Category:American black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Bowery Boys films]]
[[Category:American comedy films]]
[[Category:Allied Artists films]]
[[Category:1950s English-language films]]
[[Category:1950s American films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Marlin Skiles]]
| 1,264,448,752
|
[{"title": "Looking for Danger", "data": {"Directed by": "Austen Jewell", "Written by": "Elwood Ullman (screenplay) \u00b7 Edward Bernds and Elwood Ullman (story)", "Produced by": "Ben Schwalb", "Starring": "Huntz Hall \u00b7 Stanley Clements \u00b7 David Gorcey \u00b7 Jimmy Murphy \u00b7 Eddie LeRoy \u00b7 Dick Elliott \u00b7 Lili Kardell", "Cinematography": "Harry Neumann", "Edited by": "William Austin", "Music by": "Marlin Skiles", "Production \u00b7 company": "Allied Artists Pictures", "Distributed by": "Allied Artists Pictures", "Release date": "- October 6, 1957", "Running time": "62 minutes", "Country": "United States", "Language": "English"}}]
| false
|
# Leonello Casucci
Leonello Casucci (1885–1975) was an Italian composer.
Casucci was born in Pistoia, Tuscany in 1885 and he's best known for having composed the music of the famous 1929 hit song Schöner Gigolo, armer Gigolo in 1928, with lyrics in German by Julius Brammer in 1924, translated to "Just a Gigolo" into English by Irving Caesar.
Italian version of the lyrics were published in 1930 by Enrico Frati with the title Gigolò. Casucci died in Desenzano del Garda, Lombardy in 1975, at the age of 89.
|
enwiki/7809250
|
enwiki
| 7,809,250
|
Leonello Casucci
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonello_Casucci
|
2024-05-08T22:04:39Z
|
en
|
Q3830589
| 26,964
|
{{Short description|Italian composer}}
'''Leonello Casucci''' (1885–1975) was an Italian [[composer]].
Casucci was born in [[Pistoia]], [[Tuscany]] in 1885 and he's best known for having composed the music of the famous 1929 hit song '''Schöner Gigolo, armer Gigolo''' in 1928, with lyrics in German by [[Julius Brammer]] in 1924, translated to "[[Just a Gigolo (song)|Just a Gigolo]]" into English by [[Irving Caesar]].<ref name="CerchiariCugny2012">{{cite book|author1=Luca Cerchiari|author2=Laurent Cugny|author3=Franz Kerschbaumer|title=Eurojazzland: Jazz and European Sources, Dynamics, and Contexts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wrv7fX7yQwQC&pg=PT277|year=2012|publisher=UPNE|isbn=978-1-61168-298-4|pages=277–}}</ref>
Italian version of the lyrics were published in 1930 by Enrico Frati with the title '''Gigolò'''. Casucci died in [[Desenzano del Garda]], [[Lombardy]] in 1975, at the age of 89.
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Casucci, Leonello}}
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
[[Category:Italian male songwriters]]
[[Category:Italian songwriters]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian male musicians]]
{{Italy-composer-stub}}
| 1,222,942,281
|
[]
| false
|
# Richmond Hill Rampage
The Richmond Hill Rampage is an expansion Junior ice hockey team based in Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada. They play in the Greater Metro Junior 'A' Hockey League.
## History
### Richmond Hill Rams
The Richmond Hill Rams were a Junior ice hockey team based in Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada. They played in the Greater Metro Junior 'A' Hockey League.
The Rams were a resurrection of the Richmond Hill Rams of the old Metro Junior A Hockey League, which folded in 1995. The creation of the new team, although in a renegade league, was the first Junior team to be established in Richmond Hill in 12 seasons.
The Rams' first game was the first in the GMHL's history. The game was at the Ram's home arena and took place on September 8, 2006, against King Wild. The final result was a 6–0 victory for the Rams. The first goal in the team's history was scored by Darren Archebald, in the first period on the powerplay. Archebald's goal was also the first in the league's history as well. Daniel Jones had the honour of goaltending the team and league's first win and shutout. The Rams 100th goal was scored on November 3, 2006, against the Nipissing Alouettes, scored by Frank Spano with 9:19 remaining in the second period. English player Craig Peacock was also the first player in the league to score a Hat Trick, this was on the 2nd day of the season in a 5–1 win against Nipissing, he also went on to top the whole league in scoring with 39 games played 48 goals and 34 assists for a total of 82 points, 17 ahead of his nearest challenger.
On January 2, 2008, the Rams hosted the Moscow Selects All-star team in an exhibition game. The Selects won the game by a score of 7–4. This was the fourth game of seven that the Moscow team played against different GMJHL clubs.
After finishing the 2007–08 season with exactly the same record as they did in the 2006–07 season, the Rams took a bye during the first round, then were challenged by the Innisfil Lakers in the quarter-final. The Lakers initially took a 3-games-to-none series lead, but the Rams battled back to force a winner-take-all Game 7. The Rams ran out of steam in Game 7 and were defeated 6-4 by the Lakers.
In March 2008, the Rams and King Wild engaged in a 4-game exhibition series against the Mexico national ice hockey team. The first of two games for the Rams was on the 20th, and finished with the Mexico national team winning 6–4. On the 24th, the Rams played them again and lost 5–2.
### Ontario Lightning Rams
On January 8, 2008, the ownership of the Rams announced a new sponsorship that changed the team name to the "Ontario Lightning Rams" for 2008–09, but the deal and the name were dropped after one season. In the summer of 2009, the Rams took a leave of absence and never returned to action, along with sister-franchise Espanola Kings.
### Richmond Hill Rampage
In January 2024, the GMHL announced the return to Richmond Hill with the awarding of an expansion franchise
## Season-by-season standings
| Season | GP | W | L | T | OTL | GF | GA | P | Results | Playoffs |
| 2006-07 | 42 | 25 | 15 | - | 2 | 230 | 187 | 52 | 3rd GMJHL | Won Quarterfinals 4-2, (Nipissing Alouettes) Lost Semifinals 2-4 (King Wild) |
| 2007-08 | 42 | 25 | 15 | - | 2 | 225 | 165 | 52 | 6th GMJHL | Lost Quarterfinals 3-4, (Innisfil Lakers) |
| ONTARIO LIGHTNING RAMS | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2008-09 | 43 | 13 | 30 | - | 0 | 174 | 258 | 26 | 12th GMJHL | Lost Quarterfinals 1-3, (Innisfil Lakers) |
| 3 Seasons | 127 | 63 | 60 | - | 4 | 629 | 610 | -- | 0.512 | |
| RICHMOND HILL RAMPAGE | | | | | | | | | | |
| Season | GP | W | L | T | OTL | GF | GA | P | Results | Playoffs |
| 2024-25 | 42 | 4 | 37 | - | 1 | 85 | 266 | 9 | 9th of 9 Sou Div 15 of 15 GMHL | Won Playin GAME 5-0 (Bradford Bulls) Lost Div Quarters 0-2 9 (Northumberland Stars) |
## Notable alumni
- Darren Archibald (Vancouver Canucks prospect)
- Craig Peacock (Belfast Giants)
- Shaun Stackhouse (Amarillo Gorillas)
|
enwiki/8432081
|
enwiki
| 8,432,081
|
Richmond Hill Rampage
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_Hill_Rampage
|
2025-03-15T03:37:49Z
|
en
|
Q7330884
| 77,705
|
{{Short description|Junior ice hockey team}}
{{For|the 1969–1992 team|North York Rangers}}
{{Infobox Pro hockey team
|bg_color = gold
|text_color = black
| team = Richmond Hill Rampage
| logo = Richmond Hill Rams (GMHL).jpg
| logosize = 160px
| city = [[Richmond Hill, Ontario]], Canada
| league = [[Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League]]
| division =
| operated = 2006-2009<br />2024-present
| arena = [[Elvis Stojko Arena]]
| colours = [[Black]], [[Red]], and [[White]]<br />{{color box|black}} {{color box|red}} {{color box|white}}
| owner =
| coach = Mario Cicchillo
| GM = Michael Squeo
| media =
| name1 = Richmond Hill Rams
| dates1 = 2006-2008
| name2 = Ontario Lightning Rams
| dates2 = 2008-2009
| name3 = '''Richmond Hill Rampage'''
| dates3 = 2024-current
}}
The '''Richmond Hill Rampage''' is an expansion [[junior ice hockey|Junior]] [[ice hockey]] team based in [[Richmond Hill, Ontario|Richmond Hill]], [[Ontario]], Canada. They play in the [[GMHL|Greater Metro Junior 'A' Hockey League]].
==History==
===Richmond Hill Rams===
The '''Richmond Hill Rams''' were a [[junior ice hockey|Junior]] [[ice hockey]] team based in [[Richmond Hill, Ontario|Richmond Hill]], [[Ontario]], Canada. They played in the [[GMHL|Greater Metro Junior 'A' Hockey League]].
The Rams were a resurrection of the [[North York Rangers|Richmond Hill Rams]] of the old [[Metro Junior A Hockey League]], which folded in 1995. The creation of the new team, although in a renegade league, was the first Junior team to be established in Richmond Hill in 12 seasons.
The Rams' first game was the first in the GMHL's history. The game was at the Ram's home arena and took place on September 8, 2006, against [[King Wild]]. The final result was a 6–0 victory for the Rams. The first goal in the team's history was scored by Darren Archebald, in the first period on the powerplay. Archebald's goal was also the first in the league's history as well. Daniel Jones had the honour of goaltending the team and league's first win and shutout. The Rams 100th goal was scored on November 3, 2006, against the [[Nipissing Alouettes]], scored by Frank Spano with 9:19 remaining in the second period. English player Craig Peacock was also the first player in the league to score a Hat Trick, this was on the 2nd day of the season in a 5–1 win against Nipissing, he also went on to top the whole league in scoring with 39 games played 48 goals and 34 assists for a total of 82 points, 17 ahead of his nearest challenger.
On January 2, 2008, the Rams hosted the Moscow Selects All-star team in an exhibition game. The Selects won the game by a score of 7–4. This was the fourth game of seven that the Moscow team played against different GMJHL clubs.
After finishing the 2007–08 season with exactly the same record as they did in the 2006–07 season, the Rams took a bye during the first round, then were challenged by the [[Innisfil Lakers]] in the quarter-final. The Lakers initially took a 3-games-to-none series lead, but the Rams battled back to force a winner-take-all Game 7. The Rams ran out of steam in Game 7 and were defeated 6-4 by the Lakers.
In March 2008, the Rams and [[King Wild]] engaged in a 4-game exhibition series against the [[Mexico national ice hockey team]]. The first of two games for the Rams was on the 20th, and finished with the Mexico national team winning 6–4. On the 24th, the Rams played them again and lost 5–2.
===Ontario Lightning Rams===
On January 8, 2008, the ownership of the Rams announced a new sponsorship that changed the team name to the "Ontario Lightning Rams" for 2008–09, but the deal and the name were dropped after one season. In the summer of 2009, the Rams took a leave of absence and never returned to action, along with sister-franchise [[Espanola Kings]].
===Richmond Hill Rampage===
In January 2024, the GMHL announced the return to Richmond Hill with the awarding of an expansion franchise <ref>{{cite web | url=https://gmhl.net/news/expansion-team-for-the-2024-25-season/57993 | title=Expansion team for the 2024/25 season | Greater Metro Jr. A Hockey League }}</ref>
{{Clear}}
==Season-by-season standings==
{|class="wikitable"
|- align="center" bgcolor="#dddddd"
|'''Season''' ||'''GP''' || '''W''' || '''L''' || '''T''' || '''OTL''' || '''GF''' || '''GA''' || '''P''' || '''Results''' || '''Playoffs'''
|- align="center"
|2006-07 ||42 ||25 ||15 ||- ||2 ||230 ||187 ||52 ||3rd GMJHL ||<small>Won Quarterfinals 4-2, ([[Nipissing Alouettes]])<br />Lost Semifinals 2-4 ([[King Wild]])</small>
|- align="center"
|2007-08 ||42 ||25 ||15 ||- ||2 ||225 ||165 ||52 ||6th GMJHL ||<small>Lost Quarterfinals 3-4, ([[Innisfil Lakers]])</small>
|- align="center" bgcolor="grey" style="color:#EEE8AA"
|colspan=12 |'''ONTARIO LIGHTNING RAMS'''
|- align="center"
|2008-09 ||43 ||13 ||30 ||- ||0 ||174 ||258 ||26 ||12th GMJHL ||<small>Lost Quarterfinals 1-3, ([[Innisfil Lakers]])</small>
|- align="center" bgcolor="#dddddd"
|'''3 Seasons''' ||'''127''' ||'''63''' ||'''60''' ||'''-''' ||'''4''' ||'''629''' ||'''610''' ||'''--''' ||'''0.512'''
|}
{|class="wikitable"
|- align="center" bgcolor="gold" style="color:black"
|colspan=12 |'''RICHMOND HILL RAMPAGE'''
|- align="center" bgcolor="#dddddd"
|'''Season''' ||'''GP''' || '''W''' || '''L''' || '''T''' || '''OTL''' || '''GF''' || '''GA''' || '''P''' || '''Results''' || '''Playoffs'''
|- align="center" bgcolor="linen"
|2024-25 || 42 || 4 || 37 || - || 1 || 85 || 266 || 9 ||<small> 9th of 9 Sou Div<br />15 of 15 GMHL</small> ||<small> Won Playin GAME 5-0 ([[Bradford Bulls]])<br>Lost Div Quarters 0-2 9 ([[Northumberland Stars]]) </small>
|}
==Notable alumni==
*[[Darren Archibald]] ([[Vancouver Canucks]] prospect)
*Craig Peacock ([[Belfast Giants]])
*Shaun Stackhouse ([[Amarillo Gorillas]])
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://www.richmondhillrampage.ca/]
{{Richmond Hill, Ontario}}
{{GMHL}}
{{Toronto Sports}}
[[Category:Ice hockey teams in Ontario]]
[[Category:Richmond Hill, Ontario]]
[[Category:Ice hockey clubs established in 2006]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in Ontario]]
| 1,280,533,051
|
[{"title": "Richmond Hill Rampage", "data": {"City": "Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada", "League": "Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League", "Operated": "2006-2009 \u00b7 2024-present", "Home arena": "Elvis Stojko Arena", "Colours": "Black, Red, and White", "General manager": "Michael Squeo", "Head coach": "Mario Cicchillo"}}, {"title": "Franchise history", "data": {"2006-2008": "Richmond Hill Rams", "2008-2009": "Ontario Lightning Rams", "2024-current": "Richmond Hill Rampage"}}]
| false
|
# Punchbowl Mosque
Punchbowl Mosque is a mosque located in the Sydney suburb of Punchbowl, in the state of New South Wales, Australia designed by Greek-Australian architect Angelo Candalepas.
The building features a large central dome and 102 smaller concrete domes decorated with Islamic calligraphy depicting the 99 names of Allah. The mosque's use of exposed concrete has been likened to Brutalism, although some have pushed back against the distinction.
The project originally began in 1996 when the Muslim community purchased three neighbouring properties to replace a rented space. Gaining approval for the project took a total 17 years; the process was delayed significantly by objection from local government officials. Construction on the building was further delayed due to the discovery of a water table, continued objection from the Canterbury council, and difficulty gaining visas for calligraphers scheduled to decorate the building.
The building received the 2018 Sir John Sulman Medal.
|
enwiki/60071140
|
enwiki
| 60,071,140
|
Punchbowl Mosque
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punchbowl_Mosque
|
2024-12-12T04:31:24Z
|
en
|
Q65077552
| 74,964
|
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{short description|Mosque in Sydney, Australia}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Punchbowl Mosque
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| map_type = Australia Sydney
| map_size = 250
| map_alt =
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location in [[Sydney|greater metropolitan Sydney]]
| coordinates = {{coord|-33.92718|151.05740|display=title,inline|region:AU-NSW_type:landmark}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
| locale =
| location = Matthews Street, {{NSWcity|Punchbowl}}, [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]]
| deity =
| rite =
| sect =
| tradition =
| festival = <!-- or | festivals = -->
| cercle =
| sector =
| municipality =
| district =
| territory =
| prefecture =
| state =
| province =
| region =
| country = [[Australia]]
| administration =
| consecration_year =
| organisational_status = [[Mosque]]<!-- or | organizational_status = -->
| functional_status = Active
| heritage_designation =
| ownership = Australian Islamic Mission
| governing_body =
| leadership =
| bhattaraka =
| patron =
| religious_features_label =
| religious_features =
| architect = [[Angelo Candalepas]]
| architecture_type = [[Mosque]]
| architecture_style =
| founded_by =
| creator =
| funded_by =
| general_contractor =
| established =
| groundbreaking = {{start date|2015}}
| year_completed = {{end date|2019}}
| construction_cost = {{AUD}}12 million
| date_demolished = <!-- or | date_destroyed = -->
| facade_direction =
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| interior_area =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity = {{bulleted list|1 main dome;|102 mini domes}}
| dome_height_outer =
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| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity =
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
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| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
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| inscriptions =
| materials =
| elevation_m = <!-- or | elevation_ft = -->
| elevation_footnotes =
| nrhp =
| designated =
| added =
| refnum =
| footnotes = {{Infobox building
| embed = yes
| awards = [[Sir John Sulman Medal]] (2018)
}}
| website =
}}
'''Punchbowl Mosque''' is a [[mosque]] located in the [[Sydney]] suburb of {{NSWcity|Punchbowl}}, in the state of [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]] designed by [[Greek Australians|Greek-Australian]] architect [[Candalepas Associates|Angelo Candalepas]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://au.greekreporter.com/2018/05/22/meet-the-greek-australian-who-designed-the-aussie-mosque/|title=Meet the Greek Australian Who Designed the 'Aussie Mosque'|work=Greek Reporter Australia|last=Smith|first=John|date=22 May 2018|language=en-US|access-date=25 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612235339/http://au.greekreporter.com/2018/05/22/meet-the-greek-australian-who-designed-the-aussie-mosque/|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Hegarty, Siobhan |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-20/the-australian-mosque-that-overcame-all-the-odds/9772880 |title=Ramadan opening still possible for mosque 23 years in the making |work=The Spirit of Things; [[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |location=Australia |date=20 May 2018 |accessdate=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621094043/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-20/the-australian-mosque-that-overcame-all-the-odds/9772880 |archive-date=21 June 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
The building features a large central dome and 102 smaller concrete domes decorated with [[Islamic calligraphy]] depicting the [[Names of God in Islam|99 names of Allah]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/style/article/australia-punchbowl-mosque/index.html|title=Inside Australia's 99-domed mosque|agency=CNN|author=Mudditt, Jessica|date=1 January 2018|website=CNN Style|language=en|access-date=25 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127101843/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/australia-punchbowl-mosque/index.html|archive-date=27 January 2019|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The mosque's use of exposed concrete has been likened to [[Brutalist architecture|Brutalism]], although some have pushed back against the distinction.<ref name="aussiemosque">{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/spiritofthings/punchbowl-mosque/9768130|title=The Aussie mosque that broke the mould|date=2018-05-18|website=Radio National|language=en|access-date=25 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731022927/http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/spiritofthings/punchbowl-mosque/9768130|archive-date=31 July 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
The project originally began in 1996 when the Muslim community purchased three neighbouring properties to replace a rented space. Gaining approval for the project took a total 17 years; the process was delayed significantly by objection from local government officials. Construction on the building was further delayed due to the discovery of a [[water table]], continued objection from the Canterbury council, and difficulty gaining visas for calligraphers scheduled to decorate the building.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-20/the-australian-mosque-that-overcame-all-the-odds/9772880|title=The new mosque that 'freaked out' its Greek-Orthodox architect|last=Things|first=Siobhan Hegarty for The Spirit of|date=20 May 2018|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=25 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621094043/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-20/the-australian-mosque-that-overcame-all-the-odds/9772880|archive-date=21 June 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
The building received the 2018 [[Sir John Sulman Medal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archinect.com/news/bustler/6680/peek-inside-the-99-domed-punchbowl-mosque-in-sydney-by-candalepas-associates|title=Peek inside the 99-domed Punchbowl Mosque in Sydney by Candalepas Associates|website=Archinect|language=en|access-date=25 February 2019}}</ref>
==See also ==
{{stack|{{Portal|Islam}}}}
*[[List of mosques in Oceania#New South Wales|List of mosques in New South Wales]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mosques in Australia|state=autocollapse}}
[[Category:Buildings and structures awarded the Sir John Sulman Medal]]
[[Category:Mosques in Sydney]]
[[Category:2018 establishments in Australia]]
[[Category:Mosques completed in 2018]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in Australia]]
[[Category:21st-century mosques in Australia]]
{{Australia-mosque-stub}}
| 1,262,589,578
|
[{"title": "Religion", "data": {"Affiliation": "Islam", "Ecclesiastical or organisational status": "Mosque", "Ownership": "Australian Islamic Mission", "Status": "Active"}}, {"title": "Location", "data": {"Location": ["Matthews Street, Punchbowl, Sydney, New South Wales", "Location in greater metropolitan Sydney"], "Country": "Australia", "Geographic coordinates": "33\u00b055\u203238\u2033S 151\u00b003\u203227\u2033E\ufeff / \ufeff33.92718\u00b0S 151.05740\u00b0E"}}, {"title": "Architecture", "data": {"Architect(s)": "Angelo Candalepas", "Type": "Mosque", "Groundbreaking": "2015", "Completed": "2019", "Construction cost": "A$12 million", "Dome(s)": "- 1 main dome; - 102 mini domes", "Awards and prizes": "Sir John Sulman Medal (2018)"}}]
| false
|
# Marcus Nummius Senecio Albinus
Marcus Nummius Senecio Albinus (fl. 3rd century AD) was a Roman senator who was appointed consul in AD 227 with Marcus Laelius Fulvius Maximus Aemilianus. Nothing else of his career has been preserved.
## Biography
Senecio Albinus was the son of Marcus Nummius Umbrius Primus Senecio Albinus who had been consul in AD 206, and the step-brother of Lucius Roscius Aelianus Paculus Salvius Iulianus, the consul of AD 223. He was the father of Marcus Nummius Tuscus, consul of AD 258, and may also have been the father of Marcus Nummius Albinus, who was consul ordinarius in AD 263.
## Sources
- Mennen, Inge, Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284 (2011)
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enwiki/36923076
|
enwiki
| 36,923,076
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Marcus Nummius Senecio Albinus
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Nummius_Senecio_Albinus
|
2023-11-19T20:17:36Z
|
en
|
Q343820
| 9,484
|
{{Short description|Roman senator and consul in 227}}
'''Marcus Nummius Senecio Albinus''' (fl. 3rd century AD) was a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] [[Senate of the Roman Empire|senator]] who was appointed [[Roman consul|consul]] in AD 227 with [[Marcus Laelius Fulvius Maximus Aemilianus]]. Nothing else of his career has been preserved.
==Biography==
Senecio Albinus was the son of [[Marcus Nummius Umbrius Primus Senecio Albinus]] who had been [[Roman consul|consul]] in AD 206, and the step-brother of [[Lucius Roscius Aelianus Paculus Salvius Iulianus]], the consul of AD 223. He was the father of [[Marcus Nummius Tuscus]], consul of AD 258, and may also have been the father of [[Marcus Nummius Albinus]], who was ''consul ordinarius'' in AD 263.
==Sources==
* Mennen, Inge, ''Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284'' (2011)
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{S-bef| before= [[Alexander Severus|Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander]] II<br /> [[Gaius Aufidius Marcellus]] II}}
{{S-ttl| title=[[List of Roman Consuls|Consul]] of the [[Roman Empire]] | years=227 |regent1= [[Marcus Laelius Fulvius Maximus Aemilianus]]}}
{{S-aft| after= [[Quintus Aiacius Modestus Crescentianus]] II<br /> [[Marcus Pomponius Maecius Probus]]}}
{{end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nummius Senecio Albinus, Marcus}}
[[Category:3rd-century Roman consuls]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
| 1,185,920,085
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[]
| false
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# Lophosteus
Lophosteus is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish known from the Pridoli Ohesaare Formation of Estonia.
|
enwiki/22823481
|
enwiki
| 22,823,481
|
Lophosteus
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lophosteus
|
2024-09-14T18:37:52Z
|
en
|
Q6678579
| 47,505
|
{{Short description|Extinct genus of fishes}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
| fossil_range = [[Pridoli epoch|Pridoli]]<br>~{{fossilrange|418.7|416}}
| image = Lophosteus superbus jawbone morphology.jpg
| image_caption = Jaw bone
| display_parents = 2
| parent_authority = Pander, 1856
| taxon = Lophosteus superbus
| authority = Pander, 1856
}}
'''''Lophosteus''''' is an extinct genus of prehistoric [[bony fish]] known from the [[Pridoli epoch|Pridoli]] [[Ohesaare Formation]] of Estonia.<ref name="sepkoskidb">{{cite journal|last=Sepkoski |first=Jack |title=A compendium of fossil marine animal genera |journal=Bulletins of American Paleontology |volume=364 |page=560 |year=2002 |url=http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |accessdate=2009-02-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220223520/http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |archivedate=2009-02-20 }}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* Donglei Chen ''et al.'': [https://elifesciences.org/articles/60985 The developmental relationship between teeth and dermal odontodes in the most primitive bony fish ''Lophosteus'']. In: eLife. Dec 15, 2020. [[doi:10.7554/eLife.60985]]. Along with:
:* [https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-12/e-pff121520.php Primitive fish fossils reveal developmental origins of teeth]. On: EurekAlert! 15-Dec-2020
{{Gnathostomata}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q6678579}}
[[Category:Prehistoric bony fish genera]]
[[Category:Pridoli life]]
[[Category:Silurian fish of Europe]]
[[Category:Silurian Estonia]]
[[Category:Fossils of Estonia]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1856]]
{{paleo-bony-fish-stub}}
| 1,245,726,367
|
[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Domain": "Eukaryota", "Kingdom": "Animalia", "Phylum": "Chordata", "Clade": "Osteichthyes", "Genus": "\u2020Lophosteus \u00b7 Pander, 1856", "Species": "\u2020L. superbus"}}, {"title": "Binomial name", "data": {"Binomial name": "\u2020Lophosteus superbus \u00b7 Pander, 1856"}}]
| false
|
# Luiz Pacheco
Luiz Pacheco (May 7, 1925 in Lisbon – January 5, 2008 in Montijo) was a writer, publisher, polemicist and literary critic (mainly of Portuguese literature). He was proudest of his work as a publisher. The publishing house Contraponto, his creation, released works by many previously unpublished Portuguese writers (Herberto Helder, Natália Correia, Mário Cesariny de Vasconcelos, Vergílio Ferreira, António Maria Lisboa), and introduced Sade to the Portuguese readers.
## Life
He was born in an old house at Rua da Estefânia in the São Sebastião da Pedreira district. His father was a civil servant and an amateur musician. Only child of a middle-class family with roots in Alentejo, soon Luiz Pacheco had read all the books of his family considerable-sized library. Since early age he was asthmatic and short-sighted, and later in his life it became impossible for him to read, something rather cruel to anyone, but in particular to a person who needed to read to feel sane. He was arrested twice while a minor for romantic involvements with young girls. He compulsively married one of these girls who became pregnant when he was 18 years old. She was 15 years old. After one year, he turned to her younger sister. The three of them lived together during a spell, with all his children. It was then that he wrote A Comunidade (The Community), his centrepiece; it portrays that period. His women were always his intellectual inferiors, the first two were peasants. He loved to teach them to read. He had eight children from three different wives.
He studied in Camões high school, being the best student of his year, and later he was enrolled at the Faculdade de Letras of the University of Lisbon, dropping out due to financial troubles. Mário Soares, Urbano Tavares Rodrigues and Artur Ramos were his classmates. He used to say his highschool grade was 18 (out of 20), while Urbano Tavares Rodrigues’ was 12. Urbano, a somewhat popular Portuguese writer, was one of Pacheco's ‘favourite enemies’. After dropping out from the University of Lisbon, Pacheco decided to become an autodidact, and he did manage it. He was a compulsive reader and always had an analytic point of view, as one could see from some of his books, always underlined and with his own comments.
In 1946 he got a job at the state-run Inspecção Geral de Espectáculos as a fiscal for theatre plays, music shows and movies. Some people say he was a censor, but nothing could be farther away from the truth. In fact, he saw this as an opportunity to watch plays and films for free. There was never a single play or movie prohibited or altered due to his action. This was perhaps a way to antagonize the dictatorship he always condemned with all his strengths. But then he decided that he couldn't take it and left. Since that time he never had a proper job again. He wrote articles for newspapers and magazines, including O Globo, Bloco, Afinidades, O Volante, Diário Ilustrado, Diário Popular and Seara Nova, he made translations, and was an excellent proof reader. A libertine, always living through hardships, he depended on his friends' good will; he used to classify them according to the amount of money he could borrow from them each time. He sold books and pamphlets edited by Contraponto for survival. When there was money to spend he was extremely generous toward his friends and people in need.
During the years of financial instability, he lived in many houses, rented rooms, pensions, all over the country, and many important documents have been lost in these constant moves. Charismatic places for Pacheco, where he wrote many of his works were Caldas da Rainha and Setúbal, but, as he once said, being away from Lisbon blurred his view and critical sense. He never had an affiliation to any political party, although in his late years he publicly asked the Portuguese Communist Party to accept him, because he wanted to be warm when he died, and what better than the Party's flag! This irreverent posture, always laughing at stupidity, made his life a living hell. But he couldn't live it any other way. A dedicated literary and cultural critic, he became famous (and feared) for his sarcastic and irreverent critical writings. He denounced intellectual dishonesty and the censorship imposed by Salazar's Estado Novo regime.
Tall, thin and skinny, bald, wearing eyeglasses with thick lenses, dressing second-hand clothes (sometimes ragged and undersized ones), hypersensitive to alcohol (he enjoyed red wine and beer), hypochondriac, always foreseeing his own death (due to asthma and a poor heart condition), cynical but honest, paradoxical, he is a worthy heir of Luís de Camões, Bocage, Gomes Leal or Fernando Pessoa.
## Writings
Luiz Pacheco published many of his writings in Contraponto, mainly short stories and critical texts concerning Portuguese literature. He wrote thousands of letters to friends with enormous literary value and many of them were published in different books. Comunidade, O Libertino passeia por Braga, a idolátrica, o seu esplendor and Teodolito are his most acclaimed books. Pacheco versus Cesariny is an 'epistolary novel' of the surrealist movement in Portugal. His frontal way of analysing works was feared by many. Fernando Namora, a known Portuguese writer, is an example of this: Luiz Pacheco heard about some coincidences between two books by Fernando Namora and Virgilio Ferreira. Deciding to decipher the mystery, he bought every edition of the two books he could lay his hands on and compared them in order to find the coincidences and who copied whom. The result was published by the name of O Caso do Sonâmbulo Chupista. Most of his books are currently not available in book stores. Here is an incomplete list of his published works.
- História antiga e conhecida (1956) - republished in ‘Crítica de circunstância’ in 2002 as ‘Os doutores, a salvação e o menino Jesus’
- Caca, cuspo & Ramela (1958)- with Natália Correia and Manuel de Lima
- Carta-Sincera a José Gomes Ferreira (1959)
- O Teodolito (1962)
- Comunidade (1964)
- Coro de escárnio e lamentação dos cornudos em volta de S.Pedro (1966)
- Crítica de Circunstância (1966)
- Textos Locais (1967)
- O Libertino Passeia por Braga, a Idolátrica, o Seu Esplendor (1970)
- Exercícios de estilo (1971)
- Literatura comestível (1972)
- Pacheco versus Cesariny - folhetim de feição epistolográfica (1974)
- Textos de Circunstância (1977)
- Carta a Gonelha (1977)
- Textos Malditos (1977)
- Textos de Guerrilha 1 (1979)
- O Caso das Criancinhas Desaparecidas (1981)
- Textos de Guerrilha 2 (1981)
- Textos do Barro (1985)
- O Teodolito e a velha casa (1985)
- Textos Sadinos (1991)
- Carta a Fátima (1992)
- O uivo do coiote (1992)
- Memorando, Mirabolando (1995)
- Cartas na mesa: 1966-1996 (1996)
- Prazo de validade (1998)
- Isto de estar vivo (2000)
- Uma admirável droga (2001)
- Mano forte (2002)
- Os doutores, a salvação e o menino Jesus (2002)
- Raio de Luar (2003)
- Figuras, figurantes e figurões (2004)
- Diário remendado 1971-1975 (2005)
- Cartas ao léu (2005)
- O crocodilo que voa (2008) - interviews
### Dictionnaire Philosophiquetranslation
Circa 1965, Luiz Pacheco's friend Bruno da Ponte asked him for help translating volume one of Voltaire's Dictionnaire Philosophique. Even though Pacheco was paid in advance for the job, he missed the deadline without completing any of the work assigned to him. After much pressure from Bruno da Ponte, he began typing away his translation as he read from the book, but not having a dictionary at hand, he decided to temporarily replace every word he didn't know with a vulgarism in red ink. Unfortunately, he forgot about it and the draft was rushed to print without being proofed by either translator or the editor. The printers obediently set every word given to them and, as it was common practice, used italics for those words typed in red. Pacheco eventually realised he had forgotten to take out the vulgarisms and raced to the printers in time to halt production of the book. However, his revisions weren't thorough enough, and the first edition of the book still came out with a footnote on page 273 bearing reference to "delicious shit sandwiches".
## Death
On 5 January 2008, Pacheco died in Montijo. The Portuguese television channel RTP 2 broadcast a biographical documentary about his life, filmed in his last years, where Nobel laureate in Literature José Saramago, former Portuguese statesman Mário Soares, and Luiz Pacheco himself, among other figures, commented the writer's eccentric life and work.
|
enwiki/15089682
|
enwiki
| 15,089,682
|
Luiz Pacheco
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiz_Pacheco
|
2022-10-29T19:35:30Z
|
en
|
Q2748341
| 43,951
|
{{story|date=January 2018}}
'''Luiz Pacheco''' (May 7, 1925 in [[Lisbon]] – January 5, 2008 in [[Montijo, Portugal|Montijo]]) was a writer, publisher, polemicist and literary critic (mainly of Portuguese literature). He was proudest of his work as a publisher. The publishing house [[Contraponto]], his creation, released works by many previously unpublished Portuguese writers ([[Herberto Helder]], [[Natália Correia]], [[Mário Cesariny de Vasconcelos]], [[Vergílio Ferreira]], [[António Maria Lisboa]]), and introduced [[Marquis de Sade|Sade]] to the Portuguese readers.<ref name="bio publico">{{in lang|pt}} [http://ultimahora.publico.clix.pt/noticia.aspx?id=1315736 Morreu Luiz Pacheco] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106203034/http://ultimahora.publico.clix.pt/noticia.aspx?id=1315736 |date=2008-01-06 }}, [[Público (Portugal)|Público]]</ref><ref name="bio sic">{{in lang|pt}} [https://sic.sapo.pt/online/noticias/cartaz/20080106Morreu+Luiz+Pacheco.htm Morreu Luiz Pacheco] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109181805/http://sic.sapo.pt/online/noticias/cartaz/20080106Morreu+Luiz+Pacheco.htm |date=2008-01-09 }}, [[Sociedade Independente de Comunicação|SIC]]</ref>
==Life==
He was born in an old house at Rua da Estefânia in the São Sebastião da Pedreira district. His father was a civil servant and an amateur musician. Only child of a middle-class family with roots in Alentejo, soon Luiz Pacheco had read all the books of his family considerable-sized library. Since early age he was asthmatic and short-sighted, and later in his life it became impossible for him to read, something rather cruel to anyone, but in particular to a person who needed to read to feel sane. He was arrested twice while a minor for romantic involvements with young girls. He compulsively married one of these girls who became pregnant when he was 18 years old. She was 15 years old. After one year, he turned to her younger sister. The three of them lived together during a spell, with all his children. It was then that he wrote [[A Comunidade]] (The Community), his centrepiece; it portrays that period. His women were always his intellectual inferiors, the first two were peasants. He loved to teach them to read. He had eight children from three different wives.
He studied in Camões high school, being the best student of his year, and later he was enrolled at the ''Faculdade de Letras'' of the University of Lisbon, dropping out due to financial troubles. [[Mário Soares]], [[Urbano Tavares Rodrigues]] and [[Artur Ramos]] were his classmates. He used to say his highschool grade was 18 (out of 20), while Urbano Tavares Rodrigues’ was 12. Urbano, a somewhat popular Portuguese writer, was one of Pacheco's ‘favourite enemies’. After dropping out from the University of Lisbon, Pacheco decided to become an autodidact, and he did manage it. He was a compulsive reader and always had an analytic point of view, as one could see from some of his books, always underlined and with his own comments.
In 1946 he got a job at the state-run ''Inspecção Geral de Espectáculos'' as a fiscal for theatre plays, music shows and movies. Some people say he was a censor, but nothing could be farther away from the truth. In fact, he saw this as an opportunity to watch plays and films for free. There was never a single play or movie prohibited or altered due to his action. This was perhaps a way to antagonize the dictatorship he always condemned with all his strengths. But then he decided that he couldn't take it and left. Since that time he never had a proper job again. He wrote articles for newspapers and magazines, including O ''Globo'', ''Bloco'', ''Afinidades'', ''O Volante'', ''Diário Ilustrado'', ''Diário Popular'' and [[Seara Nova]], he made translations, and was an excellent proof reader. A libertine, always living through hardships, he depended on his friends' good will; he used to classify them according to the amount of money he could borrow from them each time. He sold books and pamphlets edited by Contraponto for survival. When there was money to spend he was extremely generous toward his friends and people in need.
During the years of financial instability, he lived in many houses, rented rooms, pensions, all over the country, and many important documents have been lost in these constant moves. Charismatic places for Pacheco, where he wrote many of his works were [[Caldas da Rainha]] and [[Setúbal]], but, as he once said, being away from Lisbon blurred his view and critical sense. He never had an affiliation to any political party, although in his late years he publicly asked the Portuguese Communist Party to accept him, because he wanted to be warm when he died, and what better than the Party's flag! This irreverent posture, always laughing at stupidity, made his life a living hell. But he couldn't live it any other way. A dedicated literary and cultural critic, he became famous (and feared) for his sarcastic and irreverent critical writings. He denounced intellectual dishonesty and the censorship imposed by [[António de Oliveira Salazar|Salazar]]'s [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Estado Novo]] regime.
Tall, thin and skinny, bald, wearing eyeglasses with thick lenses, dressing second-hand clothes (sometimes ragged and undersized ones), hypersensitive to alcohol (he enjoyed red wine and beer), hypochondriac, always foreseeing his own death (due to asthma and a poor heart condition), cynical but honest, paradoxical, he is a worthy heir of [[Luís de Camões]], [[Bocage]], [[Gomes Leal]] or [[Fernando Pessoa]].
<ref name="bio publico"/><ref name="bio sic"/>
==Writings==
Luiz Pacheco published many of his writings in ''Contraponto'', mainly short stories and critical texts concerning Portuguese literature. He wrote thousands of letters to friends with enormous literary value and many of them were published in different books. ''[[Comunidade]]'', ''[[O Libertino passeia por Braga, a idolátrica, o seu esplendor]]'' and ''[[Teodolito]]'' are his most acclaimed books.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} ''[[Pacheco versus Cesariny]]'' is an 'epistolary novel' of the surrealist movement in Portugal. His frontal way of analysing works was feared by many. Fernando Namora, a known Portuguese writer, is an example of this: Luiz Pacheco heard about some coincidences between two books by Fernando Namora and Virgilio Ferreira. Deciding to decipher the mystery, he bought every edition of the two books he could lay his hands on and compared them in order to find the coincidences and who copied whom. The result was published by the name of ''O Caso do Sonâmbulo Chupista''. Most of his books are currently not available in book stores. Here is an incomplete list of his published works.
* ''História antiga e conhecida'' (1956) - republished in ‘Crítica de circunstância’ in 2002 as ‘Os doutores, a salvação e o menino Jesus’
* ''Caca, cuspo & Ramela'' (1958)- with Natália Correia and Manuel de Lima
* ''Carta-Sincera a José Gomes Ferreira'' (1959)
* ''[[O Teodolito]]'' (1962)
* ''[[Comunidade]]'' (1964)
* ''Coro de escárnio e lamentação dos cornudos em volta de S.Pedro'' (1966)
* ''Crítica de Circunstância'' (1966)
* ''Textos Locais'' (1967)
* ''[[O Libertino Passeia por Braga, a Idolátrica, o Seu Esplendor]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Exercícios de estilo]]'' (1971)
* ''Literatura comestível'' (1972)
* ''[[Pacheco versus Cesariny]] - folhetim de feição epistolográfica'' (1974)
* ''Textos de Circunstância'' (1977)
* ''Carta a Gonelha'' (1977)
* ''Textos Malditos'' (1977)
* ''Textos de Guerrilha 1'' (1979)
* ''O Caso das Criancinhas Desaparecidas'' (1981)
* ''Textos de Guerrilha 2'' (1981)
* ''Textos do Barro'' (1985)
* ''O Teodolito e a velha casa'' (1985)
* ''Textos Sadinos'' (1991)
* ''Carta a Fátima'' (1992)
* ''O uivo do coiote'' (1992)
* ''Memorando, Mirabolando'' (1995)
* ''Cartas na mesa: 1966-1996'' (1996)
* ''Prazo de validade'' (1998)
* ''Isto de estar vivo'' (2000)
* ''Uma admirável droga'' (2001)
* ''Mano forte'' (2002)
* ''Os doutores, a salvação e o menino Jesus'' (2002)
* ''Raio de Luar'' (2003)
* ''Figuras, figurantes e figurões'' (2004)
* ''[[Diário remendado 1971-1975]]'' (2005)
* ''Cartas ao léu'' (2005)
* ''O crocodilo que voa'' (2008) - interviews
===''Dictionnaire Philosophique'' translation===
Circa 1965, Luiz Pacheco's friend [[Bruno da Ponte]] asked him for help translating volume one of [[Voltaire]]'s ''[[Dictionnaire Philosophique]]''. Even though Pacheco was paid in advance for the job, he missed the deadline without completing any of the work assigned to him. After much pressure from Bruno da Ponte, he began typing away his translation as he read from the book, but not having a dictionary at hand, he decided to temporarily replace every word he didn't know with a vulgarism in red ink. Unfortunately, he forgot about it and the draft was rushed to print without being proofed by either translator or the editor. The printers obediently set every word given to them and, as it was common practice, used [[italics]] for those words typed in red. Pacheco eventually realised he had forgotten to take out the vulgarisms and raced to the printers in time to halt production of the book. However, his revisions weren't thorough enough, and the first edition of the book still came out with a footnote on page 273 bearing reference to "delicious ''shit'' sandwiches".<ref name="bio rtp">{{in lang|pt}} {{YouTube|7wROj0scGxo|''Luiz Pacheco: Mais um dia de noite''}}, directed by [[António José de Almeida (director)|António José de Almeida]], [[Rádio e Televisão de Portugal|RTP]]</ref><ref name="bio dicionario">{{in lang|pt}} Voltaire, ''Dicionário Filosófico — 1.º Volume'', trans. Bruno da Ponte, João Lopes and Luiz Pacheco (uncredited), [[Editorial Presença]], 1966 (First Edition).</ref>
==Death==
On 5 January 2008, Pacheco died in [[Montijo, Portugal|Montijo]]. The Portuguese television channel [[RTP 2]] broadcast a biographical documentary about his life, filmed in his last years, where Nobel laureate in Literature [[José Saramago]], former Portuguese statesman [[Mário Soares]], and Luiz Pacheco himself, among other figures, commented the writer's eccentric life and work.
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pacheco, Luiz}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Portuguese male writers]]
| 1,118,930,282
|
[]
| false
|
# Nagehan
Nagehan, aka Nagihan, is a Turkish feminine given name. People named "Nagehan" include:
## Nagehan
- Nagehan Akşan (born 1988), Turkish women's footballer
- Nagehan Malkoç (born 1985), Turkish female boxer
## Nagihan
- Nagihan Avanaş (born 1997), Turkish women's footballer
- Nagihan Karadere (born 1984), Turkish sprint runner
|
enwiki/44884834
|
enwiki
| 44,884,834
|
Nagehan
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagehan
|
2023-06-13T20:17:22Z
|
en
|
Q19897852
| 4,813
|
'''Nagehan''', aka '''Nagihan''', is a [[Turkish name|Turkish feminine given name]]. People named "Nagehan" include:
==Nagehan==
* [[Nagehan Akşan]] (born 1988), Turkish women's footballer
* [[Nagehan Malkoç]] (born 1985), Turkish female boxer
==Nagihan==
* [[Nagihan Avanaş]] (born 1997), Turkish women's footballer
* [[Nagihan Karadere]] (born 1984), Turkish sprint runner
{{given name}}
[[Category:Turkish feminine given names]]
[[Category:Feminine given names]]
| 1,159,989,301
|
[]
| false
|
# Love Poem (EP)
Love Poem is the fifth Korean-language extended play (seventh overall) by South Korean singer-songwriter IU. The EP was released on November 18, 2019, through Kakao M. It includes the lead single and title track, "Love Poem", as well as the tracks "Above the Time" and "Blueming", which both received music videos. The EP debuted atop the Gaon Album Chart, selling over 168,000 copies in South Korea in November 2019 and had been certified platinum by the Korean Music Content Association for selling over 250,000 copies.
## Background and release
Following the release of A Flower Bookmark 2 in September 2017, IU focused on acting. In October 2018, she released "Bbibbi", to commemorate ten years since her debut. On March 3, 2019, IU announced that she was working on a new album that would release soon. Love Poem was announced on October 11. The EP was originally supposed to be released on November 1, 2019, but was postponed by the singer on October 21, following the suicide of South Korean singer and close friend Sulli in mid-October. The title-track "Love Poem" was released on November 1.
The album also consists of the songs "Blueming" and "Above the Time," which is a sequel to the 2011 hit song, "You & I". The Above the Time music video also served as a reunion between IU and actor Lee Hyun-woo who also starred in the music video of "You & I".
Love Poem was released digitally in various countries by Kakao M on November 18, 2019. A physical version was released two days later in the form of a photo book alongside a CD.
## Critical reception
Tamar Herman of Billboard wrote that the "EP as a whole is almost like a Love Poem of sorts to IU's career, with each of the singles representing a different part of her discography", comparing the title track to the "poignant tunes" from IU's own A Flower Bookmark series of EPs; the "vivacious pop-rock tune" "Blueming" to IU's 2015 track "Twenty-Three", and calling the "melodious, theatrical" "Above the Time" "a sonic and visual sequel" to IU's 2011 song "You and I", in terms of both its music and the storyline of its video.
## Commercial performance
Love Poem debuted atop the Gaon Album Chart on the 47th issued week (November 17–23). The album was the third best-selling of November, moving nearly 170,000 physical copies. The album had been certified platinum by the Korean Music Content Association for selling over 250,000 copies.
## Track listing
All lyrics are written by IU
| No. | Title | Music | Arrangement | Length |
| ------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------ |
| 1. | "Unlucky" | Kim Je-hwi | Kim Je-hwi | 3:51 |
| 2. | "The Visitor" (그 사람; Geu saram; lit. That Person) | IU | Jukjae | 3:51 |
| 3. | "Blueming" | IU Lee Jong-hoon Lee Chae-kyu | Lee Jong-hoon Lee Chae-kyu | 3:37 |
| 4. | "Above the Time" (시간의 바깥; Sigan-ui bakkat; lit. Outside of Time) | Lee Min-soo | Lee Min-soo | 5:00 |
| 5. | "Lullaby" (자장가; Jajang-ga) | Kim Hee-won | Hong So-jin | 4:21 |
| 6. | "Love Poem" | Lee Jong-hoon | Hong So-jin Jukjae | 4:18 |
| Total length: | Total length: | Total length: | Total length: | 25:04 |
## Charts
| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| --------------------------- | ------------- |
| South Korean Albums (Gaon) | 1 |
| US World Albums (Billboard) | 10 |
| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| -------------------------- | ------------- |
| South Korean Albums (Gaon) | 3 |
| Chart (2019) | Peak position |
| -------------------------- | ------------- |
| South Korean Albums (Gaon) | 28 |
## Sales
| Region | Sales |
| ------------------ | ------- |
| South Korea (Gaon) | 250,000 |
|
enwiki/62057360
|
enwiki
| 62,057,360
|
Love Poem (EP)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Poem_(EP)
|
2025-02-24T16:27:37Z
|
en
|
Q76961040
| 87,682
|
{{Infobox album
| name = Love Poem
| type = ep
| artist = [[IU (singer)|IU]]
| cover = IU - Love Poem EP.png
| alt =
| caption = Digital cover
| released = {{start date|2019|11|18}}
| recorded = 2019
| studio =
| genre = [[K-pop]]
| length = 24:58
| language = Korean
| label = [[Kakao M]]
| producer =
* IU
* Lee Jong-hoon
| prev_title = [[A Flower Bookmark 2]]
| prev_year = 2017
| next_title = [[Lilac (IU album)|Lilac]]
| next_year = 2021
| misc = {{Singles
| name = Love Poem
| type = ep
| single1 = [[Love Poem (song)|Love Poem]]
| single1date = November 1, 2019
| single2 = [[Blueming (song)|Blueming]]
| single2date = November 18, 2019
}}
}}
'''''Love Poem''''' is the fifth Korean-language extended play (seventh overall) by South Korean singer-songwriter [[IU (singer)|IU]]. The EP was released on November 18, 2019, through [[Kakao M]]. It includes the lead single and title track, "[[Love Poem (song)|Love Poem]]", as well as the tracks "Above the Time" and "Blueming", which both received music videos. The EP debuted atop the [[Gaon Album Chart]], selling over 168,000 copies in South Korea in November 2019 and had been certified platinum by the Korean Music Content Association for selling over 250,000 copies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/album.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=&targetTime=11&hitYear=2019&termGbn=month|script-title=ko:2019년 11월 Album Chart|trans-title=November 2019 Album Chart|website=Gaon Music Chart|accessdate=December 31, 2019|language=ko}}</ref>
==Background and release==
Following the release of ''[[A Flower Bookmark 2]]'' in September 2017, IU focused on acting. In October 2018, she released "[[Bbibbi]]", to commemorate ten years since her debut.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2018/10/682_256241.html|title=IU to release new single 'BBI BBI' on Oct. 10|date=October 1, 2018|work=[[The Korea Times]]|accessdate=August 12, 2020}}</ref> On March 3, 2019, IU announced that she was working on a new album that would release soon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insight.co.kr/news/214114|script-title=ko:아이유, 곧 컴백한다 “새 앨범 준비 중”|trans-title=IU, comeback soon "Preparing for a new album"|work=Insight|date=March 3, 2019|accessdate=August 12, 2020|language=ko|first=Gil-yeo|last=Kwon}}</ref> ''Love Poem'' was announced on October 11.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2020/08/682_277001.html|title=IU returns with a touch of the blues|date=October 11, 2019|last=Cho|first=Hae-min|work=[[The Korea Times]]|accessdate=August 12, 2020}}</ref> The EP was originally supposed to be released on November 1, 2019, but was postponed by the singer on October 21, following the suicide of South Korean singer and close friend [[Sulli]] in mid-October.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=3069295|title=IU postpones album release date|date=October 1, 2019|work=[[Korea JoongAng Daily]]|last=Yoon|first=So-yeon|accessdate=August 12, 2020}}</ref> The title-track "[[Love Poem (song)|Love Poem]]" was released on November 1.<ref name="Billboard">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/international/8544092/iu-love-poem-ep-blueming-about-time-videos|title=IU Unveils 'Love Poem' EP: Watch Music Videos For 'Blueming' and 'Above the Time'|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|last=Herman|first=Tamar|date=November 18, 2019|accessdate=November 20, 2019}}</ref>
The album also consists of the songs "[[Blueming (song)|Blueming]]" and "Above the Time," which is a sequel to the 2011 hit song, "[[You & I (IU song)|You & I]]". The ''Above the Time'' music video also served as a reunion between IU and actor [[Lee Hyun-woo (actor, born 1993)|Lee Hyun-woo]] who also starred in the music video of "You & I".<ref name="Billboard" />
''Love Poem'' was released digitally in various countries by [[Kakao M]] on November 18, 2019. A physical version was released two days later in the form of a photo book alongside a CD.
==Critical reception==
Tamar Herman of ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' wrote that the "EP as a whole is almost like a ''Love Poem'' of sorts to IU's career, with each of the singles representing a different part of her discography", comparing the title track to the "poignant tunes" from IU's own ''[[A Flower Bookmark]]'' series of EPs; the "vivacious [[pop-rock]] tune" "Blueming" to IU's 2015 track "Twenty-Three", and calling the "melodious, theatrical" "Above the Time" "a sonic and visual sequel" to IU's 2011 song "You and I", in terms of both its music and the storyline of its video.<ref name="Billboard"/>
==Commercial performance==
''Love Poem'' debuted atop the [[Gaon Album Chart]] on the 47th issued week (November 17–23).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/album.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=&targetTime=47&hitYear=2019&termGbn=week|script-title=ko:2019년 47주차 Album Chart|trans-title=Week 47 of 2019 Album Chart|publisher=[[Gaon Album Chart]]|accessdate=August 12, 2020|language=ko|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128021957/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/album.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=&targetTime=47&hitYear=2019&termGbn=week|archivedate=November 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The album was the third best-selling of November, moving nearly 170,000 physical copies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/album.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=&targetTime=11&hitYear=2019&termGbn=month|script-title=ko:2019년 11월 Album Chart|trans-title=November 2019 Album Chart|publisher=[[Gaon Album Chart]]|accessdate=August 12, 2020|language=ko|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128021957/http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/album.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=&targetTime=47&hitYear=2019&termGbn=week|archivedate=November 28, 2019|url-status=live}}.</ref> The album had been certified platinum by the Korean Music Content Association for selling over 250,000 copies.
==Track listing==
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Arrangement
| all_lyrics = [[IU (singer)|IU]]
| title1 = Unlucky
| music1 = Kim Je-hwi
| extra1 = Kim Je-hwi
| length1 = 3:51
| title2 = The Visitor
| note2 = {{lang|ko|그 사람}}; ''Geu saram''; lit. That Person
| music2 = [[IU (singer)|IU]]
| extra2 = Jukjae
| length2 = 3:51
| title3 = [[Blueming (song)|Blueming]]
| music3 = {{hlist|IU|Lee Jong-hoon|Lee Chae-kyu}}
| extra3 = {{hlist|Lee Jong-hoon|Lee Chae-kyu}}
| length3 = 3:37
| title4 = Above the Time
| note4 = {{lang|ko|시간의 바깥}}; ''Sigan-ui bakkat''; lit. Outside of Time
| music4 = Lee Min-soo
| extra4 = Lee Min-soo
| length4 = 5:00
| title5 = Lullaby
| note5 = {{lang|ko|자장가}}; ''Jajang-ga''
| music5 = Kim Hee-won
| extra5 = Hong So-jin
| length5 = 4:21
| title6 = [[Love Poem (song)|Love Poem]]
| note6 =
| music6 = Lee Jong-hoon
| extra6 = {{hlist|Hong So-jin|Jukjae}}
| length6 = 4:18
| total_length = 25:04
}}
==Charts==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+Weekly chart performance for ''Love Poem''
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (2019)
! scope="col"| Peak<br />position
|-
! scope="row"| South Korean Albums ([[Gaon Album Chart|Gaon]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/album.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=&targetTime=47&hitYear=2019&termGbn=week|title=Gaon Album Chart – Week 47, 2019|website=[[Gaon Music Chart|Gaon Chart]]|language=ko|accessdate=November 28, 2019}}</ref>
| 1
|-
{{album chart|BillboardWorld|10|artist=IU|rowheader=true|accessdate=November 28, 2019}}
|}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+Monthly chart performance for ''Love Poem''
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (2019)
! scope="col"| Peak<br />position
|-
! scope="row"| South Korean Albums ([[Gaon Album Chart|Gaon]])<ref>
{{cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/album.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=&targetTime=11&hitYear=2019&termGbn=month|title=Gaon Album Chart - November 2019|website=[[Gaon Music Chart]]|accessdate= December 12, 2019}}</ref>
| 3
|}
{{col-2}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+Year-end chart performance for ''Love Poem''
|-
! scope="col"| Chart (2019)
! scope="col"| Peak<br />position
|-
! scope="row"| South Korean Albums (Gaon)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/album.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=&targetTime=2019&hitYear=2019&termGbn=year|title=2019년 Album Chart|website=Gaon|accessdate=January 10, 2020}}</ref>
| 28
|}
{{col-end}}
==Sales==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+Sales figures for ''Love Poem''
! Region
! Sales
|-
! scope="row"| South Korea ([[Gaon Album Chart|Gaon]])<ref name="Sales">
*{{cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/album.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=&targetTime=12&hitYear=2019&termGbn=month|script-title=ko:2019년 12월 Album Chart|trans-title=December 2019 Album Chart|website=Gaon Music Chart|accessdate=January 9, 2020|language=ko}}
*{{cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/album.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=&termGbn=month|script-title=ko:2020년 12월 Album Chart|trans-title=December 2020 Album Chart|publisher=Gaon Music Chart|access-date=January 7, 2021|language=ko}}
*{{cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/album.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=&targetTime=01&hitYear=2021&termGbn=month|script-title=ko:2021년 01월 Album Chart|trans-title=January 2021 Album Chart|publisher=Gaon Music Chart|access-date=February 11, 2020|language=ko}}</ref>
| 250,000
|}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{IU (singer)}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:2019 EPs]]
[[Category:IU (singer) EPs]]
[[Category:Kakao M EPs]]
[[Category:Korean-language EPs]]
| 1,277,430,984
|
[{"title": "EP by IU", "data": {"Released": "November 18, 2019", "Recorded": "2019", "Genre": "K-pop", "Length": "24:58", "Language": "Korean", "Label": "Kakao M", "Producer": "IU Lee Jong-hoon"}}, {"title": "IU chronology", "data": {"A Flower Bookmark 2 \u00b7 (2017)": "Love Poem \u00b7 (2019) \u00b7 Lilac \u00b7 (2021)"}}, {"title": "Singles from Love Poem", "data": {"Singles from Love Poem": "1. \"Love Poem\" \u00b7 Released: November 1, 2019 2. \"Blueming\" \u00b7 Released: November 18, 2019"}}, {"title": "IU", "data": {"Studio albums": "Growing Up Last Fantasy Modern Times Palette Lilac", "Extended plays": "Korean Lost and Found IU...IM Real A Flower Bookmark Chat-Shire A Flower Bookmark 2 Love Poem Pieces The Winning Japanese I\u25a1U Can You Hear Me?", "Singles": "\" Nagging \" \" Good Day \" \" You & I \" \" Peach \" \" Twenty-Three \" \" Through the Night \" \" Can't Love You Anymore \" \" Palette \" \" Autumn Morning \" \" Bbibbi \" \" Love Poem \" \" Blueming \" \" First Winter \" \" Give You My Heart \" \" Eight \" \" Celebrity \" \" Lilac \" \" Strawberry Moon \" \" Love Wins All \" \" Shopper \"", "Other songs": "\" Merry Christmas Ahead \"", "Single albums": "Real+ Spring of a Twenty Year Old", "Featured singles": "\" Sogyeokdong \" \" Ganadara \"", "Concerts": "The Golden Hour: Under the Orange Sun IU H.E.R.E.H. World Tour", "Related articles": "Kakao M Nation's Little Sister"}}, {"title": "Korean", "data": {"Korean": "Lost and Found IU...IM Real A Flower Bookmark Chat-Shire A Flower Bookmark 2 Love Poem Pieces The Winning", "Japanese": "I\u25a1U Can You Hear Me?"}}]
| false
|
# Look Around (Sérgio Mendes album)
| Review scores | Review scores |
| Source | Rating |
| ------------- | ------------- |
| AllMusic | [ 1 ] |
Look Around is the third studio album by Sérgio Mendes and Brasil '66. It was released in 1967. Following this album, Mendes dismissed the musicians and singer Janis Hansen and brought in Karen Phillip to sing with holdover Lani Hall.
## Songs
Mendes and Brasil '66 performed the Oscar-nominated Burt Bacharach/Hal David song "The Look of Love", one of their biggest hits, on the Academy Awards telecast in March 1968. The album was recorded at the Sunset Sound, Western Recorders, and Annex Studios, Hollywood. Brasil '66's version of "The Look of Love" quickly shot into the top 10, eclipsing Dusty Springfield's version.
"Like a Lover", an English-language version of "O Cantador", was covered by Carmen McRae, Sarah Vaughan, Helen Merrill, Dianne Reeves, Al Jarreau, Natalie Cole, Jane Monheit, and Kimiko Itoh. "So Many Stars" was recorded by Helen Merrill, Tony Bennett, Sarah Vaughan, Jane Monheit, Barbra Streisand, Natalie Cole, and Stacey Kent
"Tristeza" was an instrumental by Lobo and Nitinho and the title track of Baden Powell's Tristeza on Guitar album (1966). It was sung by Astrud Gilberto with lyrics by A. Testa on her Italian language album (1968).
## Reissue
A remastered version of the album was released on CD in 2000.
## Track listing
1. "With a Little Help from My Friends" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney)
2. "Roda" (Gilberto Gil, João Augusto)
3. "Like a Lover" (Dorival Caymmi, Nelson Motta, Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman)
4. "The Frog (A Rã)" (João Donato)
5. "Tristeza (Goodbye Sadness)" (Harold Lobo-Niltinho)
6. "The Look of Love" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David)
7. "Pra Dizer Adeus (To Say Goodbye)" (Edu Lobo, Torquato Neto, Lani Hall)
8. "Batucada (The Beat)" (Marcos Valle, Paulo Sérgio Valle)
9. "So Many Stars" (Mendes, Bergman, Bergman)
10. "Look Around" (Mendes, Bergman, Bergman)
## Personnel
- Sérgio Mendes – organ, piano, arranger
- John Pisano – guitar
- Bob Matthews – bass, vocals
- João Palma – drums
- José Soares – percussion, vocals
- Lani Hall – vocals
- Janis Hansen – vocals
- Dave Grusin – arranger, orchestration
- Dick Hazard – arranger, orchestration
## Charts
| Chart (1967) | position |
| ------------------------------------- | -------- |
| US Billboard 200 | 5 |
| US Top Jazz Albums (Billboard) | 2 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard) | 16 |
## Certifications
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ------------- | --------------------- |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. | | |
|
enwiki/8419747
|
enwiki
| 8,419,747
|
Look Around (Sérgio Mendes album)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look_Around_(S%C3%A9rgio_Mendes_album)
|
2023-11-04T22:02:14Z
|
en
|
Q6674978
| 56,718
|
{{Infobox album
| name = Look Around
| type = studio
| artist = [[Sérgio Mendes]]
| cover = Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66 Look Around.jpg
| alt = Itarou ze Kokoro!
| released = July 1967
| recorded = February 1967
| venue =
| studio = Hollywood, California
| genre = [[Bossa nova]]
| length = 30:28
| label = [[A&M Records|A&M]]
| producer = [[Herb Alpert]], [[Jerry Moss]]
| prev_title = [[Equinox (Sérgio Mendes album)|Equinox]]
| prev_year = 1967
| next_title = [[Fool on the Hill (album)|Fool on the Hill]]
| next_year = 1968
}}
{{Album ratings
|rev1 = [[AllMusic]]
|rev1score = {{Rating|4.5|5}}<ref name="Ginell">{{cite web |last1=Ginell |first1=Richard S. |title=Look Around |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/look-around-mw0000060571 |website=AllMusic |accessdate=29 July 2018}}</ref>
}}
'''''Look Around''''' is the third studio album by [[Sérgio Mendes]] and [[Brasil '66]]. It was released in 1967. Following this album, Mendes dismissed the musicians and singer Janis Hansen and brought in Karen Phillip to sing with holdover Lani Hall.
==Songs==
Mendes and Brasil '66 performed the Oscar-nominated [[Burt Bacharach]]/[[Hal David]] song "[[The Look of Love (1967 song)|The Look of Love]]", one of their biggest hits, on the [[Academy Awards]] telecast in March 1968. The album was recorded at the Sunset Sound, Western Recorders, and Annex Studios, Hollywood. Brasil '66's version of "The Look of Love" quickly shot into the top 10, eclipsing [[Dusty Springfield]]'s version.
"Like a Lover", an English-language version of "O Cantador", was [[cover version|covered]] by [[Carmen McRae]], [[Sarah Vaughan]], [[Helen Merrill]], [[Dianne Reeves]], [[Al Jarreau]], [[Natalie Cole]], [[Jane Monheit]], and [[Kimiko Itoh]].<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=song|id=t9650255|pure_url=yes}} Song search results for "Like a Lover"] - [[AllMusic]], retrieved September 8, 2010</ref> "So Many Stars" was recorded by Helen Merrill, [[Tony Bennett]], Sarah Vaughan, Jane Monheit, Barbra Streisand, Natalie Cole, and [[Stacey Kent]]
"Tristeza" was an instrumental by Lobo and Nitinho and the title track of [[Baden Powell (guitarist)|Baden Powell]]'s ''Tristeza on Guitar'' album (1966). It was sung by [[Astrud Gilberto]] with lyrics by [[Alberto Testa (lyricist)|A. Testa]] on [[Canta in Italiano (Astrud Gilberto album)|her Italian language album]] (1968).
==Reissue==
A remastered version of the album was released on CD in 2000. <!-- [http://www.vervemusicgroup.com/product.aspx?ob=disc&src=art&pid=10556 ] dead kink -->
==Track listing==
#"[[With a Little Help from My Friends]]" ([[John Lennon]], [[Paul McCartney]])
#"Roda" ([[Gilberto Gil]], [[João Augusto]])
#"Like a Lover" ([[Dorival Caymmi]], [[Nelson Motta]], [[Alan Bergman]], [[Marilyn Bergman]])
#"The Frog (A Rã)" ([[João Donato]])
#"Tristeza (Goodbye Sadness)" ([[Harold Lobo-Niltinho]])
#"[[The Look of Love (1967 song)|The Look of Love]]" ([[Burt Bacharach]], [[Hal David]])
#"Pra Dizer Adeus (To Say Goodbye)" ([[Edu Lobo]], [[Torquato Neto]], [[Lani Hall]])
#"Batucada (The Beat)" ([[Marcos Valle]], [[Paulo Sérgio Valle]])
#"So Many Stars" (Mendes, Bergman, Bergman)
#"Look Around" (Mendes, Bergman, Bergman)
==Personnel==
*[[Sérgio Mendes]] – organ, piano, arranger
*[[John Pisano]] – guitar
*Bob Matthews – bass, vocals
*[[João Palma]] – drums
*José Soares – percussion, vocals
*[[Lani Hall]] – vocals
*[[Janis Hansen (singer)|Janis Hansen]] – vocals
*[[Dave Grusin]] – arranger, orchestration
*[[Dick Hazard]] – arranger, orchestration
== Charts ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Chart (1967) !! position
|-
| {{album chart|Billboard200|5|artist=Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66}}
|-
| {{album chart|BillboardJazz|2|artist=Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66 }}
|-
| {{album chart|BillboardRandBHipHop|16|artist=Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66 }}
|}
==Certifications==
{{Certification Table Top}}
{{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|award=Gold|relyear=|certyear=|artist=Sérgio Mendes & Brasil 66|type=album|title=}}
{{Certification Table Bottom | nosales=true}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{sergio|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Look Around (Sergio Mendes album)}}
[[Category:1967 albums]]
[[Category:A&M Records albums]]
[[Category:Albums conducted by Dave Grusin]]
[[Category:Albums conducted by Richard Hazard]]
[[Category:Albums arranged by Dave Grusin]]
[[Category:Albums arranged by Richard Hazard]]
[[Category:Albums arranged by Sérgio Mendes]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Herb Alpert]]
[[Category:Albums produced by Jerry Moss]]
[[Category:Albums recorded at Sunset Sound Recorders]]
[[Category:Albums recorded at United Western Recorders]]
[[Category:Sérgio Mendes albums]]
| 1,183,531,145
|
[{"title": "Studio album by S\u00e9rgio Mendes", "data": {"Released": "July 1967", "Recorded": "February 1967", "Studio": "Hollywood, California", "Genre": "Bossa nova", "Length": "30:28", "Label": "A&M", "Producer": "Herb Alpert, Jerry Moss"}}, {"title": "S\u00e9rgio Mendes chronology", "data": {"Equinox \u00b7 (1967)": "Look Around \u00b7 (1967) \u00b7 Fool on the Hill \u00b7 (1968)"}}, {"title": "S\u00e9rgio Mendes", "data": {"Band": "Dance Moderno In Person at El Matador", "Solo": "The Swinger from Rio The Great Arrival S\u00e9rgio Mendes' Favorite Things S\u00e9rgio Mendes (1975) Pel\u00e9 Brasil '88 S\u00e9rgio Mendes (1983) Confetti Brasil '86 Brasileiro Oceano Timeless Encanto", "Brasil '66": "Herb Alpert Presents Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66 Equinox Look Around Fool on the Hill Crystal Illusions Ye-Me-L\u00ea Stillness", "Brasil '77": "In Concert Love Music Vintage 74", "Singles": "\" Mas que nada \" \" Night and Day \" \" The Look of Love \" \" The Fool on the Hill \" \" Scarborough Fair \" \" (Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay \" \" Wichita Lineman \" \" Never Gonna Let You Go \" \" Olympia \""}}]
| false
|
# Leon Niemczyk
Leon Stanisław Niemczyk (15 December 1923 – 29 November 2006) was a Polish actor.
Niemczyk developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1960s, known for serious dramas, including historical dramas and war films. He appeared in over 500 films and television shows over the course of his career. His most memorable roles were Fulko de Lorche in Aleksander Ford's The Teutonic Knights, Andrzej in Roman Polanski's Knife in the Water and Jerzy in Jerzy Kawalerowicz's Night Train.
Niemczyk became an international star through positive reception for his leading role in Knife in the Water (1962), earning Polish cinema's first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film.
He died of cancer.
## Selected filmography
- Celuloza (1954) as Major Stuposz
- Godziny nadziei (1955) as American Officer
- Trzy starty (1955)
- Zaczarowany rower (1955) as Doctor
- Sprawa pilota Maresza (1956) as Surowiec
- Nikodem Dyzma (1956) as Mr. Cox's Interpreter
- Man on the Tracks (Człowiek na torze) (1957) as Passenger (uncredited)
- Heroism (Eroica) (1958) as Lt. Istvan Kolya (segment "Scherzo alla Polacca")
- Król Macius I (1958)
- The Eighth Day of the Week (Ósmy dzień tygodnia) (1958) as Ciapus
- Co rekne zena? (1958) as Train Passenger
- The Depot of the Dead (1959) as Nine
- Night Train (Pociąg) (1959) as Jerzy
- Sygnaly (1959) as Boss
- The Teutonic Knights (Krzyżacy) (1960) as Fulko de Lorche
- Szklana góra (1960) as Jarek
- Szczesciarz Antoni (1961) as Saturnin Potapowicz
- Odwiedziny prezydenta (1961) as Witold - ojciec Jacka / Prezydent
- Tonight a City Will Die (1961) as American Prisoner of War (uncredited)
- The Artillery Sergeant Kalen (1961) as Saszko 'Bir'
- Knife in the Water (Nóż w wodzie) (1962) as Andrzej
- Mandrin (1962) as Le traître Grandville
- Ich dzien powszedni (1963) as Lekarz
- Na białym szlaku (1963) as Sikora
- Pamietnik pani Hanki (1963) as Toto
- Yokmok (1963) as Smuggler
- Agnieszka 46 (1964) as Zenon Balcz
- Panienka z okienka (1964) as Prosecutor
- The Saragossa Manuscript (Rękopis znaleziony w Saragossie) (1965) as Don Avadoro
- Sposób bycia (1966) as Górny
- Jutro Meksyk (1966) as Official
- Katastrofa (1966) as Prosecutor
- Don Gabriel (1966) as Leukamer, german officer
- Zejscie do piekla (1966) as Harrison
- Powrót na ziemie (1967) as Lekarz
- Chudy i inni (1967) as Journalist
- Cala naprzód (1967) as His Excellency
- Frozen Flashes (1967) as Stefan
- Bicz bozy (1967) as Grebizewski
- The Nutcracker (1967) as Jan, the father
- Poradnik matrymonialny (1968) as Barman
- Hrabina Cosel (1968) as Count Lecherenne
- Sasiedzi (1969) as Police commandant
- Verdacht auf einen Toten (1969) as Dr. Roth
- Zeit zu leben (1969) as Lorenz Reger
- Aus unserer Zeit (1970) as Sascha Pronin (segment "Der Computer sagt: Nein")
- Raj na ziemi (1970) as Driver Ziólkowski
- Znaki na drodze (1970) as Paslawski
- Bladego Józka (1970) as Czekala
- Twarz aniola (1971)
- KLK Calling PTZ - The Red Orchestra (1971) as Vincente Douglas
- Stranen dvuboy (1971) as Robert Huston
- Lekce (1972) as Stone
- Zabijcie czarna owce (1972) as Major
- Szerokiej drogi, kochanie (1972) as Adam Mackowski
- Tecumseh (1972) as McKew
- Vyatarat na pateshestviyata (1972)
- Copernicus (1973) as Don Alonso
- Apachen (1973) as Ramon
- Unterm Birnbaum (1973) as Szulski
- Die Schlüssel (1974) as Pawlik
- The Deluge (Potop) (1974) as Karol X Gustaw
- Remember Your Name (Zapamiętaj imię swoje) (1974) as Capt. Piotrowski
- Prípad mrtvého muze (1975) as Polský kriminalista
- Mein blauer Vogel fliegt (1975) as Uncle Marian
- Die schwarze Mühle (1975, TV Movie, vocal cords by Norbert Christian) as Müller
- Kazimierz Wielki (1976) as Karol Robert
- In the Dust of the Stars (1976) as Thob
- Beethoven - Tage aus einem Leben (1976) as Fürst Andreas Rasumowski
- Karino (1977) as Jablecki
- Bezkresne laki (1977) as Daniel
- Milioner (1977) as Taxi Driver
- Palace Hotel (1977) as Mr. Lacoste
- Rekolekcje (1978) as Professor Conducting the Autopsy (narrator)
- Ich will euch sehen (1978) as Kommandeur
- Wesela nie bedzie (1978) as Head of hospital department
- Severino (1978)
- Anton the Magician (1978) as Max Kettler
- Achillesferse (1978)
- Fleur Lafontaine (1978) as Bangemann
- Des Henkers Bruder (1979) as Berner
- Trini (1979) as Graf Ariola
- Pokhishchenie 'Savoi' (1979) as Berje
- Gwiazdy poranne (1980) as Baldt
- Na wlasna prosbe (1980) as Jerzy
- Ojciec królowej (1980) as Baron von und zu Waldzug
- Die Schmuggler von Rajgrod (1980) as Waldemar Dreßler
- Wyrok smierci (1980) as Major Rawicz
- Levins Mühle (1980) as Korrinth
- Dve strochki melkim shriftom (1981) as Revolyutsioner
- Die Kolonie (1981) as Hansen
- Vabank (1981) as Jeweler
- Krab i Joanna (1982) as Captain Cezary
- 'Anna' i wampir (1982) as Mjr. Dobija
- Der lange Ritt zur Schule (1982) as Erster Böser
- Der Prinz hinter den sieben Meeren (1982) as Kaufmann
- Gry i zabawy (1982) as Stanislaw
- Wilczyca (1983) as Count Wiktor Smorawinski
- Wielki Szu (1983) as Stefan Mikun
- Pastorale heroica (1983) as Pelnomocznik do spraw reformy rolnej
- Planeta krawiec (1983) as Chairman
- Przekleta ziemia (1983)
- Odwet (1983) as Inzynier Midron
- Ostrze na ostrze (1983) as Walenty Dabski
- Okolice spokojnego morza (1983) as Baranski
- On, ona, oni (1983)
- Woman Doctors (1984) as Polnischer Arzt
- Akademia pana Kleksa (1984) as Golarz Filip
- Kamienne tablice (1984) as Professor
- Fort 13 (1984) as Captain
- Ultimatum (1984)
- Fucha (1984) as Owner of Gravestone Carving Plant
- Zánik samoty Berhof (1984) as Polský dustojník
- Szalenstwa panny Ewy (1985) as Zawilowski
- O-Bi, O-Ba: The End of Civilization (O-bi, o-ba: Koniec cywilizacji) (1985) as Well-Kept Man
- Fetysz (1985) as Major
- Smazalnia story (1985) as District Architect
- Pietno (1985) as Military prosecutor
- Przemytnicy (1985) as Policeman
- Diabelskie szczescie (1985) as Department Head
- Dluznicy smierci (1986) as Aresztant w Strzekocianach
- Chrzesniak (1986)
- Bearskin (1986) as Niklaus
- Podróze pana Kleksa (1986) as Filip the Robot
- Sezon na bazanty (1986) as Garage owner in Austria
- Mokry szmal (1986) as Tokarski
- Zastihla me noc (1986) as Velitel koncentracniho tábora
- Wakacje w Amsterdamie (1986)
- C.K. Dezerterzy (1986) as Gendarme
- Ga, Ga - Chwala bohaterom (1986) as Showman z tv
- Sceny dzieciece z zycia prowincji (1986) as Doctor W.
- Epizod Berlin West (1986) as Nyzynski
- Menedzer (1986) as Manager Nowak
- Pierscien i róza (1987) as Prime Minister Glumboso
- Zlota Mahmudia (1987)
- Miedzy ustami a brzegiem pucharu (1987) as Admiral von Carolath (uncredited)
- Misja specjalna (1987) as Captain Smith
- Luk Erosa (1987) as Lieutenant Otto von Palinsky
- Koniec sezonu na lody (1988) as Doctor
- Gwiazda Piolun (1988) as Pharmacist
- Sonata marymoncka (1988) as Driver Borkowski
- Trójkat bermudzki (1988) as Prison Director (uncredited)
- Niezwykla podróz Baltazara Kobera (1988) (narrator)
- Labedzi spiew (1988) as Director Rogozinski
- Obywatel Piszczyk (1988) as Renata's father
- Curse of Snakes Valley (1988) as Man with black glasses
- Republika nadziei (1988) as wizytator Jost
- Slawna jak Sarajewo (1988) as Major
- Pan Kleks w kosmosie (1988) as Don Filippo
- Pan Samochodzik i praskie tajemnice (1989) as Bob Smith
- Konsul (1989) as Jerzy Berger
- Alchemik (1989) as Zwinger
- Kornblumenblau (1989) as Wodzirej na zabawie gwiazdkowej
- The Last Ferry (1989) as Captain
- Powrót wabiszczura (1989) as Mayor
- Swinka (1990) as David Arnoldson
- Bal na dworcu w Koluszkach (1990) as Ambassador
- Gorzka milosc (1990) as General
- Zabic na koncu (1990)
- Der Streit um des Esels Schatten (1990) as Archon Onolaus
- Oko cyklonu (1990) as British officer
- Powrót wilczycy (1990) as Ziembalski
- Seszele (1991) as Poziemski
- Walerjan Wrobel's Homesickness (1991) as Kapo
- Kanalia (1991) as Wert's Boss in Germany
- Kuchnia polska (1991) as Ignacy Feureisen
- Calls Controlled (1991) as Secretary General
- Siwa legenda (1991) as Alojzy
- Warszawa. Année 5703 (1992) as oficer, sasiedka Stefanii
- Zwolnieni z zycia (1992)
- Daens (1992) as Committee Member
- The Temp (1993) as Bidder
- Conversation with a Cupboard Man (1993) as Inspector
- Kolos (1993) as Stefan
- Lowca. Ostatnie starcie (1994) as dzielkowicz Edward
- Blood of the Innocent (1994) as Polish Priest
- Zabi skok (1994) as Alfred Zineman
- Polska smierc (1995) as Professor Zablocki
- Dzieje mistrza Twardowskiego (1996) as Tomasz Reiner, the puppeteer from Wittenberg
- Drzewa (1996) as Professor
- Tsarevich Alexei (1996) as Count Schonborn
- The Island on Bird Street (1997) as Podulski
- A Trap (1997) as Police Chief
- Sztos (1997) as German tourist
- Ksiega wielkich zyczen (1997) as Zawadzki
- Mamo, czy kury potrafia mówic? (1997) as Awidor (narrator)
- Odlotowe wakacje (1999) as Doctor
- Zakochani (2000) as Ksiadz
- To my (2000) as Dyrektor szkoly
- Boys Don't Cry (Chłopaki nie płaczą) (2000) as Laska's Father
- Przedwiosnie (2001) as Profesor Fiszer
- Poranek kojota (2001) as Senator
- Listy milosne (2001) as 'Mewa' Owner
- E=mc2 (2002) as Professor
- Ubu król (2003) as Ambassador of the USA
- Nienasycenie (2003) as Old Prince
- Po sezonie (2005) as Leon Kos
- Inland Empire (2006) as Marek
- Szatan z siódmej klasy (2006) as Servant Leon
### TV Series
- Ranczo (2006–2007) as Japycz (final appearance)
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Leon Niemczyk
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{{Short description|Polish actor (1923–2006)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = '''Leon Niemczyk'''
| image = Leon Niemczyk.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Niemczyk in 2006
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1923|12|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = Warsaw, Poland
| death_date = {{death date and age|2006|11|29|1923|12|15|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Łódź]], Poland
| othername =
| yearsactive = 1954-2006
| occupation = Actor
| spouse =
}}
[[Image:Leon Niemczyk gwiazda Lodz.jpg|thumb|200px|Star of Leon Niemczyk in Łódź]]
'''Leon Stanisław Niemczyk''' (15 December 1923 – 29 November 2006) was a Polish actor.
Niemczyk developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1960s, known for serious dramas, including historical dramas and war films. He appeared in over 500 films and television shows over the course of his career.<ref>[http://www.culture.pl/pl/tworca/leon-niemczyk Biography] at www.culture.pl (in Polish)</ref> His most memorable roles were Fulko de Lorche in [[Aleksander Ford]]'s ''[[The Teutonic Knights (film)|The Teutonic Knights]]'', Andrzej in [[Roman Polanski]]'s ''[[Knife in the Water]]'' and Jerzy in [[Jerzy Kawalerowicz]]'s ''[[Night Train (1959 film)|Night Train]]''.
Niemczyk became an international star through positive reception for his leading role in ''[[Knife in the Water]]'' (1962), earning [[Polish cinema]]'s first nomination for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Film]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leon Niemczyk {{!}} Życie i twórczość {{!}} Artysta|url=https://culture.pl/pl/tworca/leon-niemczyk|access-date=2020-11-25|website=Culture.pl|language=pl}}</ref>
He died of cancer.
== Selected filmography ==
* ''Celuloza'' (1954) as Major Stuposz
* ''Godziny nadziei'' (1955) as American Officer
* ''Trzy starty'' (1955)
* ''Zaczarowany rower'' (1955) as Doctor
* ''[[Sprawa pilota Maresza]]'' (1956) as Surowiec
* ''[[Nikodem Dyzma (film)|Nikodem Dyzma]]'' (1956) as Mr. Cox's Interpreter
* ''[[Man on the Tracks]]'' (''Człowiek na torze'') (1957) as Passenger (uncredited)
* ''[[Heroism (film)|Heroism]]'' (''Eroica'') (1958) as Lt. Istvan Kolya (segment "Scherzo alla Polacca")
* ''Król Macius I'' (1958)
* ''[[The Eighth Day of the Week]]'' (''Ósmy dzień tygodnia'') (1958) as Ciapus
* ''Co rekne zena?'' (1958) as Train Passenger
* ''The Depot of the Dead'' (1959) as Nine
* ''[[Night Train (1959 film)|Night Train]]'' (''Pociąg'') (1959) as Jerzy
* ''Sygnaly'' (1959) as Boss
* ''[[The Teutonic Knights (film)|The Teutonic Knights]]'' (''Krzyżacy'') (1960) as Fulko de Lorche
* ''Szklana góra'' (1960) as Jarek
* ''Szczesciarz Antoni'' (1961) as Saturnin Potapowicz
* ''Odwiedziny prezydenta'' (1961) as Witold - ojciec Jacka / Prezydent
* ''[[Tonight a City Will Die]]'' (1961) as American Prisoner of War (uncredited)
* ''[[The Artillery Sergeant Kalen]]'' (1961) as Saszko 'Bir'
* ''[[Knife in the Water]]'' (''Nóż w wodzie'') (1962) as Andrzej
* ''[[Mandrin (1962 film)|Mandrin]]'' (1962) as Le traître Grandville
* ''Ich dzien powszedni'' (1963) as Lekarz
* ''[[Na białym szlaku]]'' (1963) as Sikora
* ''Pamietnik pani Hanki'' (1963) as Toto
* ''Yokmok'' (1963) as Smuggler
* ''Agnieszka 46'' (1964) as Zenon Balcz
* ''[[Panienka z okienka]]'' (1964) as Prosecutor
* ''[[The Saragossa Manuscript (film)|The Saragossa Manuscript]]'' (''Rękopis znaleziony w Saragossie'') (1965) as Don Avadoro
* ''Sposób bycia'' (1966) as Górny
* ''Jutro Meksyk'' (1966) as Official
* ''[[Katastrofa]]'' (1966) as Prosecutor
* ''Don Gabriel'' (1966) as Leukamer, german officer
* ''Zejscie do piekla'' (1966) as Harrison
* ''Powrót na ziemie'' (1967) as Lekarz
* ''Chudy i inni'' (1967) as Journalist
* ''Cala naprzód'' (1967) as His Excellency
* ''[[Frozen Flashes (film)|Frozen Flashes]]'' (1967) as Stefan
* ''Bicz bozy'' (1967) as Grebizewski
* ''[[The Nutcracker (1967 film)|The Nutcracker]]'' (1967) as Jan, the father
* ''Poradnik matrymonialny'' (1968) as Barman
* ''[[Hrabina Cosel]]'' (1968) as Count Lecherenne
* ''Sasiedzi'' (1969) as Police commandant
* ''Verdacht auf einen Toten'' (1969) as Dr. Roth
* ''[[Zeit zu leben]]'' (1969) as Lorenz Reger
* ''Aus unserer Zeit'' (1970) as Sascha Pronin (segment "Der Computer sagt: Nein")
* ''Raj na ziemi'' (1970) as Driver Ziólkowski
* ''[[Znaki na drodze]]'' (1970) as Paslawski
* ''Bladego Józka'' (1970) as Czekala
* ''Twarz aniola'' (1971)
* ''[[KLK Calling PTZ - The Red Orchestra]]'' (1971) as Vincente Douglas
* ''Stranen dvuboy'' (1971) as Robert Huston
* ''Lekce'' (1972) as Stone
* ''Zabijcie czarna owce'' (1972) as Major
* ''Szerokiej drogi, kochanie'' (1972) as Adam Mackowski
* ''[[Tecumseh (film)|Tecumseh]]'' (1972) as McKew
* ''Vyatarat na pateshestviyata'' (1972)
* ''[[Copernicus (film)|Copernicus]]'' (1973) as Don Alonso
* ''Apachen'' (1973) as Ramon
* ''Unterm Birnbaum'' (1973) as Szulski
* ''Die Schlüssel'' (1974) as Pawlik
* ''[[The Deluge (film)|The Deluge]]'' (''Potop'') (1974) as Karol X Gustaw
* ''[[Remember Your Name]]'' (''Zapamiętaj imię swoje'') (1974) as Capt. Piotrowski
* ''Prípad mrtvého muze'' (1975) as Polský kriminalista
* ''Mein blauer Vogel fliegt'' (1975) as Uncle Marian
* ''Die schwarze Mühle'' (1975, TV Movie, vocal cords by [[Norbert Christian]]) as Müller
* ''[[Kazimierz Wielki (film)|Kazimierz Wielki]]'' (1976) as Karol Robert
* ''[[In the Dust of the Stars]]'' (1976) as Thob
* ''Beethoven - Tage aus einem Leben'' (1976) as Fürst Andreas Rasumowski
* ''Karino'' (1977) as Jablecki
* ''Bezkresne laki'' (1977) as Daniel
* ''Milioner'' (1977) as Taxi Driver
* ''Palace Hotel'' (1977) as Mr. Lacoste
* ''Rekolekcje'' (1978) as Professor Conducting the Autopsy (narrator)
* ''Ich will euch sehen'' (1978) as Kommandeur
* ''Wesela nie bedzie'' (1978) as Head of hospital department
* ''Severino'' (1978)
* ''[[Anton the Magician]]'' (1978) as Max Kettler
* ''Achillesferse'' (1978)
* ''Fleur Lafontaine'' (1978) as Bangemann
* ''Des Henkers Bruder'' (1979) as Berner
* ''Trini'' (1979) as Graf Ariola
* ''Pokhishchenie 'Savoi''' (1979) as Berje
* ''Gwiazdy poranne'' (1980) as Baldt
* ''Na wlasna prosbe'' (1980) as Jerzy
* ''Ojciec królowej'' (1980) as Baron von und zu Waldzug
* ''Die Schmuggler von Rajgrod'' (1980) as Waldemar Dreßler
* ''Wyrok smierci'' (1980) as Major Rawicz
* ''Levins Mühle'' (1980) as Korrinth
* ''Dve strochki melkim shriftom'' (1981) as Revolyutsioner
* ''Die Kolonie'' (1981) as Hansen
* ''[[Vabank]]'' (1981) as Jeweler
* ''Krab i Joanna'' (1982) as Captain Cezary
* '''Anna' i wampir'' (1982) as Mjr. Dobija
* ''Der lange Ritt zur Schule'' (1982) as Erster Böser
* ''Der Prinz hinter den sieben Meeren'' (1982) as Kaufmann
* ''Gry i zabawy'' (1982) as Stanislaw
* ''Wilczyca'' (1983) as Count Wiktor Smorawinski
* ''Wielki Szu'' (1983) as Stefan Mikun
* ''[[Pastorale heroica]]'' (1983) as Pelnomocznik do spraw reformy rolnej
* ''Planeta krawiec'' (1983) as Chairman
* ''Przekleta ziemia'' (1983)
* ''Odwet'' (1983) as Inzynier Midron
* ''Ostrze na ostrze'' (1983) as Walenty Dabski
* ''Okolice spokojnego morza'' (1983) as Baranski
* ''On, ona, oni'' (1983)
* ''[[Woman Doctors]]'' (1984) as Polnischer Arzt
* ''Akademia pana Kleksa'' (1984) as Golarz Filip
* ''Kamienne tablice'' (1984) as Professor
* ''Fort 13'' (1984) as Captain
* ''Ultimatum'' (1984)
* ''Fucha'' (1984) as Owner of Gravestone Carving Plant
* ''Zánik samoty Berhof'' (1984) as Polský dustojník
* ''Szalenstwa panny Ewy'' (1985) as Zawilowski
* ''[[O-Bi, O-Ba: The End of Civilization]]'' (''O-bi, o-ba: Koniec cywilizacji'') (1985) as Well-Kept Man
* ''Fetysz'' (1985) as Major
* ''Smazalnia story'' (1985) as District Architect
* ''Pietno'' (1985) as Military prosecutor
* ''Przemytnicy'' (1985) as Policeman
* ''Diabelskie szczescie'' (1985) as Department Head
* ''Dluznicy smierci'' (1986) as Aresztant w Strzekocianach
* ''Chrzesniak'' (1986)
* ''[[Bearskin (film)|Bearskin]]'' (1986) as Niklaus
* ''Podróze pana Kleksa'' (1986) as Filip the Robot
* ''Sezon na bazanty'' (1986) as Garage owner in Austria
* ''Mokry szmal'' (1986) as Tokarski
* ''Zastihla me noc'' (1986) as Velitel koncentracniho tábora
* ''Wakacje w Amsterdamie'' (1986)
* ''C.K. Dezerterzy'' (1986) as Gendarme
* ''Ga, Ga - Chwala bohaterom'' (1986) as Showman z tv
* ''Sceny dzieciece z zycia prowincji'' (1986) as Doctor W.
* ''Epizod Berlin West'' (1986) as Nyzynski
* ''Menedzer'' (1986) as Manager Nowak
* ''Pierscien i róza'' (1987) as Prime Minister Glumboso
* ''Zlota Mahmudia'' (1987)
* ''Miedzy ustami a brzegiem pucharu'' (1987) as Admiral von Carolath (uncredited)
* ''Misja specjalna'' (1987) as Captain Smith
* ''Luk Erosa'' (1987) as Lieutenant Otto von Palinsky
* ''Koniec sezonu na lody'' (1988) as Doctor
* ''Gwiazda Piolun'' (1988) as Pharmacist
* ''Sonata marymoncka'' (1988) as Driver Borkowski
* ''Trójkat bermudzki'' (1988) as Prison Director (uncredited)
* ''Niezwykla podróz Baltazara Kobera'' (1988) (narrator)
* ''Labedzi spiew'' (1988) as Director Rogozinski
* ''Obywatel Piszczyk'' (1988) as Renata's father
* ''[[Curse of Snakes Valley]]'' (1988) as Man with black glasses
* ''[[Republika nadziei]]'' (1988) as wizytator Jost
* ''Slawna jak Sarajewo'' (1988) as Major
* ''Pan Kleks w kosmosie'' (1988) as Don Filippo
* ''Pan Samochodzik i praskie tajemnice'' (1989) as Bob Smith
* ''Konsul'' (1989) as Jerzy Berger
* ''[[Alchemik]]'' (1989) as Zwinger
* ''[[Kornblumenblau]]'' (1989) as Wodzirej na zabawie gwiazdkowej
* ''[[The Last Ferry]]'' (1989) as Captain
* ''Powrót wabiszczura'' (1989) as Mayor
* ''Swinka'' (1990) as David Arnoldson
* ''Bal na dworcu w Koluszkach'' (1990) as Ambassador
* ''Gorzka milosc'' (1990) as General
* ''Zabic na koncu'' (1990)
* ''Der Streit um des Esels Schatten'' (1990) as Archon Onolaus
* ''Oko cyklonu'' (1990) as British officer
* ''Powrót wilczycy'' (1990) as Ziembalski
* ''Seszele'' (1991) as Poziemski
* ''[[Walerjan Wrobel's Homesickness]]'' (1991) as Kapo
* ''Kanalia'' (1991) as Wert's Boss in Germany
* ''Kuchnia polska'' (1991) as Ignacy Feureisen
* ''[[Calls Controlled]]'' (1991) as Secretary General
* ''Siwa legenda'' (1991) as Alojzy
* ''[[Warszawa. Année 5703]]'' (1992) as oficer, sasiedka Stefanii
* ''Zwolnieni z zycia'' (1992)
* ''[[Daens (film)|Daens]]'' (1992) as Committee Member
* ''[[The Temp (film)|The Temp]]'' (1993) as Bidder
* ''[[Conversation with a Cupboard Man]]'' (1993) as Inspector
* ''Kolos'' (1993) as Stefan
* ''Lowca. Ostatnie starcie'' (1994) as dzielkowicz Edward
* ''[[Blood of the Innocent (film)|Blood of the Innocent]]'' (1994) as Polish Priest
* ''Zabi skok'' (1994) as Alfred Zineman
* ''Polska smierc'' (1995) as Professor Zablocki
* ''Dzieje mistrza Twardowskiego'' (1996) as Tomasz Reiner, the puppeteer from Wittenberg
* ''Drzewa'' (1996) as Professor
* ''[[Tsarevich Alexei (film)|Tsarevich Alexei]]'' (1996) as Count Schonborn
* ''[[The Island on Bird Street (film)|The Island on Bird Street]]'' (1997) as Podulski
* ''[[A Trap]]'' (1997) as Police Chief
* ''Sztos'' (1997) as German tourist
* ''Ksiega wielkich zyczen'' (1997) as Zawadzki
* ''Mamo, czy kury potrafia mówic?'' (1997) as Awidor (narrator)
* ''Odlotowe wakacje'' (1999) as Doctor
* ''Zakochani'' (2000) as Ksiadz
* ''To my'' (2000) as Dyrektor szkoly
* ''[[Boys Don't Cry (2000 film)|Boys Don't Cry]]'' (''Chłopaki nie płaczą'') (2000) as Laska's Father
* ''Przedwiosnie'' (2001) as Profesor Fiszer
* ''Poranek kojota'' (2001) as Senator
* ''Listy milosne'' (2001) as 'Mewa' Owner
* ''E=mc2'' (2002) as Professor
* ''Ubu król'' (2003) as Ambassador of the USA
* ''Nienasycenie'' (2003) as Old Prince
* ''Po sezonie'' (2005) as Leon Kos
* ''[[Inland Empire (film)|Inland Empire]]'' (2006) as Marek
* ''Szatan z siódmej klasy'' (2006) as Servant Leon
===TV Series===
* ''[[Ranczo (TV series)|Ranczo]]'' (2006–2007) as Japycz (final appearance)
==References==
{{reflist|refs=}}
==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=0631102|name=Leon Niemczyk}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Niemczyk, Leon}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:Male actors from Warsaw]]
[[Category:Polish male film actors]]
[[Category:Polish male television actors]]
[[Category:Polish male stage actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Polish male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Polish male actors]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta]]
[[Category:Recipients of the National Prize of East Germany]]
[[Category:Deaths from lung cancer in Poland]]
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[{"title": "Leon Niemczyk", "data": {"Born": "15 December 1923 \u00b7 Warsaw, Poland", "Died": "29 November 2006 (aged 82) \u00b7 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland", "Occupation": "Actor", "Years active": "1954-2006"}}]
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# Inter-American Congress of Philosophy
The Inter-American Congress of Philosophy (Congreso Interamericano de Filosofía) is a regional meeting of philosophers in the Americas. It was conceived during the Second World War to encourage better hemispheric understanding, with the idea that philosophical interchange could be part of a collective response to irrationality and violence. The first Inter-American Congress of Philosophy was held in Port-au-Prince, Haiti in 1944, the second was held in New York in 1947 and the third was held Mexico City in 1950. Since 1954 these meetings have been held regularly under the auspices of the Sociedad Interamericana de Filosofía (SIF). The 19th Inter-American Congress of Philosophy was held in Montevideo, Uruguay in December 2024.
Notable philosophers who have helped organize these events include Roderick Chisholm, Marvin Farber, Risieri Frondizi, Eduardo García Máynez, Miguel Giusti, Camille Lhérisson, Miguel Reale, Francisco Romero, Ernest Sosa, and Leopoldo Zea. The publications from the Inter-American Congress of Philosophy have been digitized and preserved by the Philosophy Documentation Center.
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The '''Inter-American Congress of Philosophy''' (Congreso Interamericano de Filosofía) is a regional meeting of philosophers in the Americas.<ref>''Filosofía en español'', "Congreso Interamericano de Filosofía 1944-" (2006), https://www.filosofia.org/ave/001/a275.htm</ref> It was conceived during the Second World War to encourage better hemispheric understanding, with the idea that philosophical interchange could be part of a collective response to irrationality and violence.<ref>[https://rockarch.issuelab.org/resource/towards-a-philosophical-entente-the-inter-american-conferences-of-philosophy-in-the-mid-twentieth-century.html ''Rockefeller Archive Center'', "Towards a Philosophical Entente: The Inter-American Conferences of Philosophy in the Mid-Twentieth Century" (Feb 17, 2022)], by Aurelia Valero Pie</ref> The first Inter-American Congress of Philosophy was held in Port-au-Prince, Haiti in 1944, the second was held in New York in 1947 and the third was held Mexico City in 1950. Since 1954 these meetings have been held regularly under the auspices of the Sociedad Interamericana de Filosofía (SIF). The 19th Inter-American Congress of Philosophy was held in Montevideo, Uruguay in December 2024.<ref>[https://congresosif2024.sfu.org.uy/ XIX Congreso Interamericano de la Sociedad Interamericana de Filosofía website], accessed 15 February 2025]</ref>
Notable philosophers who have helped organize these events include [[Roderick Chisholm]], [[Marvin Farber]], [[Risieri Frondizi]], [[Eduardo García Máynez]], [[Miguel Giusti]], [[Camille Lhérisson]], [[Miguel Reale]], [[Francisco Romero (philosopher)|Francisco Romero]], [[Ernest Sosa]], and [[Leopoldo Zea]]. The publications from the Inter-American Congress of Philosophy have been digitized and preserved by the [[Philosophy Documentation Center]].<ref>[https://www.pdcnet.org/icp Inter-American Congress of Philosophy Collection], accessed 15 February 2025]</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100007729/ Sociedad Interamericana de Filosofia]
* [https://www.pdcnet.org/icp Inter-American Congress of Philosophy Collection]
[[Category:Philosophy events]]
[[Category:International learned societies]]
[[Category:Philosophy organizations]]
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# Punchcutting
Punchcutting is a craft used in traditional typography to cut letter punches in steel as the first stage of making metal type. Steel punches in the shape of the letter would be used to stamp matrices into copper, which were locked into a mould shape to cast type. Cutting punches and casting type was the first step of traditional typesetting. The cutting of letter punches was a highly skilled craft requiring much patience and practice. Often the designer of the type would not be personally involved in the cutting.
The initial design for type would be two-dimensional, but a punch has depth, and the three-dimensional shape of the punch, as well as factors such as the angle and depth to which it was driven into the matrix, would affect the appearance of the type on the page. The angle of the side of the punch was particularly significant.
## Process
The punchcutter begins by transferring the outline of a letter design to one end of a steel bar. The outer shape of the punch could be cut directly, but the internal curves of a small punch were particularly difficult as it was necessary to cut deep enough and straight into the metal. While this can be done with cutting tools, a counterpunch, a type of punch used in the cutting of other punches, was often used to create the negative space in or around a glyph.
A counterpunch could be used to create this negative space, not just where the space was completely enclosed by the letter, but in any concavity (e.g., above and below the midbar in uppercase "H").
Of course, the counterpunch had to be harder than the punch itself. This was accomplished by annealing (softening) the punch blank, and hardening and tempering the counterpunch. Such a tool solved two issues, one technical and one aesthetic, that arose in punchcutting.
Often the same counterpunch could be used for several letters in a typeface. For example, the negative space inside an uppercase "P" and "R" is usually very similar, and with the use of a counterpunch, they could be nearly identical. Counterpunches were regularly used in this way to give typefaces a more consistent look. The counterpunch would be struck into the face of the punch. The outer form of the letter is then shaped using files.
To test the punch, the punchcutter makes an imprint on a piece of paper after coating the punch with soot from an open flame. The soot left by the flame acts like ink to create an image on the paper (a smoke proof).
Once the punches are ready a mold could then be created from the punch by using the punch on a softer metal (such as copper) to create a matrix. Then, type metal, an alloy of lead, antimony, and tin, flows into the matrix to produce a single piece of type, ready for typesetting.
One characteristic of type metal that makes it valuable for this use is that it expands as it cools (water, silicon and bismuth are other substances that expand on freezing), keeping the accurate dimensions of letters. This characteristic is shared by the bronze used to cast sculptures, but copper-based alloys generally have melting points that are too high to be convenient for typesetting.
Punched matrices were not easy to create for large fonts since it was hard to drive large punches evenly. Alternative methods such as casting type or matrices in sand, plaster or lead were used for these. From the nineteenth century, several new technologies began to appear that displaced manual punchcutting.
## Punchcutters
During the early years of printing, during which the craft and tastes were rapidly evolving, printers often cut or commissioned their own punches. Many early printers entered the trade from metalworking and would therefore have had the skills to cut their own types: Johannes Gutenberg came from a metalworking background, as did Nicolas Jenson. As the sale of type evolved into a major, separate trade, punchcutting became a craft principally practiced by the owners or employees of type foundries, or sometimes specialised itinerant craftsmen.
The technique of punchcutting is similar to that used in other precision metalworking professions such as cutting dies to make coins, and many punchcutters entered the trade from these fields: for instance sixteenth-century theologian Jean de Gagny when commissioning types for his private press in the 1540s, hired Charles Chiffin, known to have previously practiced as a goldsmith. Among the most famous punchcutters, Robert Granjon began as the apprentice to a jeweller, although Claude Garamond wrote of cutting type since his childhood. Also Christoffel van Dijck was trained as a goldsmith. In the eighteenth century, William Caslon took up the craft from engraving ornamental designs on firearms and bookbinders' tools. A less common background was that of Miklós Tótfalusi Kis, who began his career as a schoolmaster before paying to learn punchcutting while in the Netherlands to print a Hungarian bible. There was apparently a drop in the number of engravers active in seventeenth-century France compared to the sixteenth, probably due to economic reasons and a saturation of the market with high-quality typefaces cut in the previous century; Pierre-Simon Fournier commented that knowledge of the technique in France degenerated after the sixteenth century to the point that "a man could hardly be found to cut the JJ consonants and UU vowels when the use of them was introduced into France".
The process of punchcutting was apparently sometimes treated as a trade secret due to its difficulty and sometimes passed on from father to son. William Caslon was an example of this, according to Nichols teaching his son his methods privately while locked in a room where nobody could watch them.
Manual punchcutting was a slow process that required expertise. It has been estimated that the work rate of experienced punchcutters was about one letter per day. Some testimony to the London Society of Arts in May 1818, which was given as part of an inquiry into developing new banknote anti-forgery precautions, illustrates this. Punchcutter Anthony Bessemer gave testimony by letter that his work rate for punches was about 12 weeks (72 days not counting Sundays) to cut a complete set of 61 punches around or less than 1 punch per day, for 4pt "diamond"-size type. His employer, Henry II Caslon of the Caslon type foundry elaborated that a font of this size "could scarcely be completed in 7 or 8 months; at present there are only 4 or 5 persons in England who can execute diamond [4pt] type, owing no doubt to the limited demand for it; and the peculiar style of each of these punch cutters is perfectly well known to persons conversant with letter founding." He estimated that a punchcutter could cut two punches of this size a day although more work would be needed to "get type from the punches".
Punchcutters did not necessarily conceive the designs they worked on. Indeed, G. Willem Ovink, a Dutch printing executive and historian of printing, noted in 1973 that he was struck by "the absolute lack of creative talent in all the most skilled punchcutters of this century" with regard to creating their own designs, although presumably many punchcutters of the past designed and conceived the work they engraved.
## New technologies
New technologies displaced manual punchcutting from the mid-nineteenth century.
Electrotyping from the 1840s is a technology used to form matrices of copper by electrodeposition around engravings of a letterform. This letterform could be in any metal, so engraving increasingly began to be done by cutting a letterform in soft typemetal. This allowed an explosion in variety of typefaces, especially display typefaces that did not need to be cast so often and for which only a few matrices were needed, and allowed the regeneration (or, often, piracy) of types for which no punches or matrices were available.
Pantograph engraving is a technology where a cutting machine is controlled by hand movements and allows type to be cut from large working drawings. It was initially introduced to printing to cut wood type used for posters and headlines. In the 1880s, the typefounder Linn Boyd Benton adapted the technology to cutting very small matrices and steel punches. This gave very precise results and transferred the place of individual creativity completely away from the engraving stage towards a drawing office.
Some punchcutters did continue to hold prestige for their artisanal work into the early or mid-twentieth century. These included Edward Prince, who cut many types for Arts and Crafts movement fine printers, Charles Malin in Paris, Otto Erler in Leipzig and P. H. Rädisch at Joh. Enschedé in Haarlem, who cut the types of Jan van Krimpen. Type designer Matthew Carter, who learned punchcutting from Rädisch while at an internship at Enschedé, has added commentary to a silent film of Rädisch at work in the 1950s.
The French Imprimerie nationale was one of the few institutions to continue employing punchcutters into the twenty-first century, to demonstrate the historic technique and to fill out the character set of historic typefaces. Contemporary punchcutter Nelly Gable of the French Imprimerie Nationale is one of the few female practitioners of the art.
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{{Short description|Craft used in traditional typography}}
[[File:De Vinne 1876 - Punch and matrix.jpg|thumb|upright|A punch (left) and the respective matrix produced from it (right). The small letters at the base of the matrix are founders marks.]]
'''Punchcutting''' is a craft used in traditional [[typography]] to cut letter punches in steel as the first stage of making [[metal type]].<ref name="Vret">{{cite web |last1=Vret |first1=Aurélien |title=Caractères de Titres |url=https://bnf.hypotheses.org/13874 |website=Carnet de la recherche à la Bibliothèque nationale de France |publisher=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] |access-date=19 August 2022 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Steel punches in the shape of the letter would be used to stamp [[matrix (printing)|matrices]] into copper, which were locked into a mould shape to [[Type founding|cast type]]. Cutting punches and [[casting]] type was the first step of traditional [[typesetting]].<ref name="Letters of Credit">{{cite book|last1=Tracy|first1=Walter|title=Letters of Credit|pages=32–40}}</ref> The cutting of letter punches was a highly skilled craft requiring much patience and practice. Often the designer of the type would not be personally involved in the cutting.
The initial design for type would be two-dimensional, but a [[punch (tool)|punch]] has depth, and the three-dimensional shape of the punch, as well as factors such as the angle and depth to which it was driven into the [[matrix (printing)|matrix]], would affect the appearance of the type on the page. The angle of the side of the punch was particularly significant.
[[File:Tipos-de-letra punch and counterpunch (cropped).jpg|thumb|A counter-punch and a punch for letter A]]
== Process ==
[[File:Cutting a punch for a Qu ligature.jpg|thumb|A punchcutter working for the [[Imprimerie Nationale]] demonstrates cutting a punch for a Qu ligature.]]
The punchcutter begins by transferring the outline of a letter design to one end of a steel bar. The outer shape of the punch could be cut directly, but the internal curves of a small punch were particularly difficult as it was necessary to cut deep enough and straight into the metal. While this can be done with cutting tools, a counterpunch, a type of punch used in the cutting of other punches, was often used to create the [[negative space]] in or around a [[glyph]].
A counterpunch could be used to create this negative space, not just where the space was completely enclosed by the letter, but in any concavity (e.g., above and below the midbar in uppercase "H").
Of course, the counterpunch had to be harder than the punch itself. This was accomplished by [[Annealing (metallurgy)|annealing]] (softening) the punch blank, and [[Quenching|hardening]] and [[tempering (metallurgy)|tempering]] the counterpunch. Such a tool solved two issues, one technical and one [[Aesthetics|aesthetic]], that arose in punchcutting.
Often the same counterpunch could be used for several letters in a [[typeface]]. For example, the negative space inside an uppercase "[[P]]" and "[[R]]" is usually very similar, and with the use of a counterpunch, they could be nearly identical. Counterpunches were regularly used in this way to give typefaces a more consistent look. The counterpunch would be struck into the face of the punch. The outer form of the letter is then shaped using files.
To test the punch, the punchcutter makes an imprint on a piece of paper after coating the punch with soot from an open flame. The [[soot]] left by the flame acts like ink to create an image on the paper (a smoke proof).
Once the punches are ready a [[Molding (process)|mold]] could then be created from the punch by using the punch on a softer metal (such as [[copper]]) to create a [[matrix (printing)|matrix]]. Then, [[type metal]], an [[alloy]] of [[lead]], [[antimony]], and [[tin]], flows into the matrix to produce a single piece of type, ready for typesetting.
One characteristic of type metal that makes it valuable for this use is that it expands as it cools ([[water]], [[silicon]] and [[bismuth]] are other substances that expand on freezing), keeping the accurate dimensions of letters. This characteristic is shared by the [[bronze]] used to cast [[sculpture]]s, but copper-based alloys generally have melting points that are too high to be convenient for typesetting.
Punched matrices were not easy to create for large fonts since it was hard to drive large punches evenly. Alternative methods such as casting type or matrices in sand, plaster or lead were used for these.<ref name="Big brass matrices 1">{{cite web|last1=Mosley|first1=James|title=Big brass matrices: a mystery resolved?|url=http://typefoundry.blogspot.co.uk/2007/03/brass-matrices-mystery-resolved.html|website=Type Foundry (blog)|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Big brass matrices 2">{{cite web|last1=Mosley|first1=James|title=Big brass matrices again: the Enschedé 'Chalcographia' type|url=http://typefoundry.blogspot.co.uk/2008/03/big-brass-matrices-again-ensched.html|website=Type Foundry (blog)|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Mosley Dabbing">{{cite web|last1=Mosley|first1=James|title=Dabbing, abklatschen, clichage...|url=http://typefoundry.blogspot.co.uk/2006/01/dabbing-abklatschen-clichage.html|website=Type Foundry (blog)|access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref name="Ornamented types: a prospectus">{{cite web|title=Ornamented types: a prospectus|url=http://imimprimit.com/wp-content/uploads/Prospectus-all-cropped-small.pdf|publisher=imimprimit|access-date=12 December 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222083754/http://imimprimit.com/wp-content/uploads/Prospectus-all-cropped-small.pdf|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> From the nineteenth century, several new technologies began to appear that displaced manual punchcutting.
==Punchcutters==
During the early years of printing, during which the craft and tastes were rapidly evolving, printers often cut or commissioned their own punches.<ref name="French Renaissance Printing Types">{{cite book|last1=Vervliet|first1=Hendrik D.L.|author-link=H. D. L. Vervliet|title=French Renaissance Printing Types: a conspectus|date=2010|publisher=Oak Knoll Press|location=New Castle, Del.|isbn=978-1-58456-271-9}}</ref><ref name="Williamson Jannon">{{cite journal|last1=Williamson|first1=Hugh|title=Jean Jannon of Sedan (series of articles)|journal=Bulletin of the Printing Historical Society|date=August 1987|quote=[On printer [[Jean Jannon]], who took up punchcutting letters in his thirties]: Part of Jannon's apprenticeship must have been strenuously devoted to punch-cutting and to other metal-working skills he would need for this task...some of the early printers are known to have cut their own punches and some printers are known to have done some punchcutting, but punchcutters were usually independent craftsmen.}}</ref> Many early printers entered the trade from metalworking and would therefore have had the skills to cut their own types: [[Johannes Gutenberg]] came from a metalworking background, as did [[Nicolas Jenson]]. As the sale of type evolved into a major, separate trade, punchcutting became a craft principally practiced by the owners or employees of type foundries, or sometimes specialised itinerant craftsmen.
The technique of punchcutting is similar to that used in other precision metalworking professions such as cutting dies to make coins, and many punchcutters entered the trade from these fields: for instance sixteenth-century theologian [[Jean de Gagny]] when commissioning types for his private press in the 1540s, hired Charles Chiffin, known to have previously practiced as a goldsmith.<ref name="The Palaeotypography of the French Renaissance">{{cite book|last1=Vervliet|first1=Hendrik D.L.|title=The Palaeotypography of the French Renaissance|date=2008|publisher=Koninklijke Brill NV|location=Leiden|isbn=978-90-04-16982-1|pages=316–7|quote=Gagny had his new types engraved by a goldsmith from Tours, Charles Chiffin…otherwise unknown as a typographer, [he] delivered decent work. [Chiffin’s] colon and period [are] lozenge-shaped - possibly an indication that Chiffin had been influenced by or trained in cutting Gothic types. }}</ref> Among the most famous punchcutters, [[Robert Granjon]] began as the apprentice to a jeweller, although [[Claude Garamond]] wrote of cutting type since his childhood.<ref name=Warde>{{cite journal|last1=Warde|first1=Beatrice|author-link=Beatrice Warde|title=The 'Garamond' Types|journal=The Fleuron|date=1926|pages=131–179|url=http://www.garamond.culture.fr/en/page/the_article_by_beatrice_warde}}</ref><ref name="Lane Garamond Premier">{{cite book |last1=Lane |first1=John A. |author-link=John A. Lane|title=Garamond Premier Pro: a contemporary adaptation; modelled on the roman types of Claude Garamond and the italic types of Robert Granjon |date=2005 |publisher=Adobe Systems |location=San Jose |pages=5–13 |chapter=Claude Garamont and his Roman Types}}</ref> Also [[Christoffel van Dijck]] was trained as a goldsmith.<ref name="Lane Armenian">{{cite book |last1=Lane |first1=John A. |author-link=John A. Lane|title=The Diaspora of Armenian Printing, 1512-2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Special Collections of the University of Amsterdam |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9789081926409 |pages=70–86}}</ref> In the eighteenth century, [[William Caslon]] took up the craft from engraving ornamental designs on firearms and bookbinders' tools.<ref name="Early Career of William Caslon">{{cite journal|last1=Mosley|first1=James|title=The Early Career of William Caslon|journal=Journal of the Printing Historical Society|date=1967|pages=66–81}}</ref><ref name="Caslon Punches: An Interim Note">{{cite journal|last1=Carter|first1=Harry|title=Caslon Punches: An Interim Note|journal=Journal of the Printing Historical Society|date=1965|volume=3|pages=68–70}}</ref><ref name="British type specimens before 1831: a hand-list">{{cite book|last1=Mosley|first1=James|title=British type specimens before 1831: a hand-list|date=1984|publisher=Oxford Bibliographical Society|page=69}}</ref> A less common background was that of [[Miklós Tótfalusi Kis]], who began his career as a schoolmaster before paying to learn punchcutting while in the Netherlands to print a Hungarian bible.<ref name="Lane Kis JPHS">{{cite journal|last1=Lane|author-link=John A. Lane|first1=John|title=The Types of Nicholas Kis|journal=Journal of the Printing Historical Society|date=1983|pages=47–75}}</ref><ref name="Stauffacher">{{cite journal|last1=Stauffacher|first1=Jack|title=The Transylvanian Phoenix: the Kis-Janson Types in the Digital Era|journal=Visible Language|date=1985|volume=19|issue=1|pages=61–76|url=http://visiblelanguagejournal.com/issues/issue/73/|access-date=19 May 2017|archive-date=30 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230065914/http://visiblelanguagejournal.com/issues/issue/73/|url-status=dead}}</ref> There was apparently a drop in the number of engravers active in seventeenth-century France compared to the sixteenth, probably due to economic reasons and a saturation of the market with high-quality typefaces cut in the previous century; [[Pierre-Simon Fournier]] commented that knowledge of the technique in France degenerated after the sixteenth century to the point that "a man could hardly be found to cut the JJ consonants and UU vowels when the use of them was introduced into France".<ref name="Williamson Jannon" /><ref name="An Introduction to Pierre Simon Fournier's Modèles des Caractères de l'Imprimerie">{{cite book |last1=Mosley |first1=Jamea |author-link1=James Mosley |title=An Introduction to Pierre Simon Fournier's Modèles des Caractères de l'Imprimerie |date=1965 |publisher=Eugrammia Press |location=London}}</ref>
The process of punchcutting was apparently sometimes treated as a [[trade secret]] due to its difficulty and sometimes passed on from father to son. William Caslon was an example of this, according to Nichols teaching his son his methods privately while locked in a room where nobody could watch them.<ref name="ODNB Caslon">{{cite journal|last1=Mosley|first1=James|title=William Caslon the elder|journal=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]|date=2008}}</ref><ref name="Trade Union and Social History">{{cite book|last1=Musson|first1=A.E.|title=Trade Union and Social History|date=2013|publisher=Taylor and Francis|location=Hoboken|isbn=9781136614712|page=138}}<!--|access-date=19 August 2015--></ref>
Manual punchcutting was a slow process that required expertise. It has been estimated that the work rate of experienced punchcutters was about one letter per day.<ref name="Lane Kis JPHS" />{{efn|The apparent work rate of punchcutter and typefounder [[Pierre-Simon Fournier]] in the late eighteenth century, as documented in his specimens, was so rapid that twentieth-century printing historian [[Harry Carter (typographer)|Harry Carter]] suggested that he had actually only engraved the characters needed to print his specimens, with the remaining characters filled in later.<ref name="An Introduction to Pierre Simon Fournier's Modèles des Caractères de l'Imprimerie" />}} Some testimony to the London Society of Arts in May 1818, which was given as part of an inquiry into developing new banknote anti-forgery precautions, illustrates this.<ref name="Hansard's typographical banknote">{{cite journal |last1=Nash |first1=Paul W.|title=Hansard's typographical banknote |journal=Journal of the Printing Historical Society|pages=55–70|date=2004}}</ref> Punchcutter [[Anthony Bessemer]] gave testimony by letter that his work rate for punches was about 12 weeks (72 days not counting Sundays) to cut a complete set of 61 punches{{efn|How Bessemer and Caslon came to a total of 61 is not explained.}} around or less than 1 punch per day, for 4pt "diamond"-size type. His employer, Henry II Caslon of the [[Caslon Type Foundry|Caslon type foundry]] elaborated that a font of this size "could scarcely be completed in 7 or 8 months; at present there are only 4 or 5 persons in England who can execute diamond [4pt] type, owing no doubt to the limited demand for it; and the peculiar style of each of these punch cutters is perfectly well known to persons conversant with letter founding." He estimated that a punchcutter could cut two punches of this size a day although more work would be needed to "get type from the punches".<ref>{{cite book|title=Report of the Committee of the Society of Arts (etc.) Together with the Approved Communications and Evidence Upon the Same, Relative to the Mode of Preventing the Forgery of Bank Notes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_spUAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA68|year=1819|pages=68–9}}</ref><ref name="Hansard's typographical banknote" />
Punchcutters did not necessarily conceive the designs they worked on. Indeed, G. Willem Ovink, a Dutch printing executive and historian of printing, noted in 1973 that he was struck by "the absolute lack of creative talent in all the most skilled punchcutters of this century" with regard to creating their own designs, although presumably many punchcutters of the past designed and conceived the work they engraved.<ref name="Two Books on Stanley Morison">{{cite journal|last1=Ovink|first1=G.W.|title=Two Books on Stanley Morison|journal=Quaerendo|date=1 January 1973|volume=3|issue=3|pages=226–242|doi=10.1163/157006973X00237}}</ref>
==New technologies==
[[File:Gravure de poinçons typographiques (a punchcutter's bench).jpg|thumb|A demonstration by punchcutter Nelly Gable. The candle is to transfer soot onto the punch to make a smoke proof, a check of the punch's current impression on paper.]]
New technologies displaced manual punchcutting from the mid-nineteenth century.
[[Electrotyping]] from the 1840s is a technology used to form matrices of copper by [[Electroplating|electrodeposition]] around engravings of a letterform. This letterform could be in any metal, so engraving increasingly began to be done by cutting a letterform in soft typemetal.{{efn|Various names were used for the 'punch' in soft metal carved for an electrotype. "Pattern letter" and "patrix" are common terms.<ref name="CR Patrix Cutting and Matrix Electroforming">{{cite web|last1=MacMillan|first1=David|title=Patrix Cutting and Matrix Electroforming: A Survey of the Data|url=https://circuitousroot.com/artifice/letters/press/typemaking/mats/patrix-and-electroforming/survey-of-data/index.html|website=Circuitous Root|access-date=6 October 2017}}</ref> Electrotyping was also used less honourably for piracy of pre-existing types.}} This allowed an explosion in variety of typefaces, especially [[display typeface]]s that did not need to be cast so often and for which only a few matrices were needed, and allowed the regeneration (or, often, piracy) of types for which no punches or matrices were available.{{efn|A slight problem with electrotyping of type is that the new form is slightly smaller than the original - according to [[Justin Howes]], the calculation of the [[Stephenson Blake]] type foundry was that the shrinkage was small but could accumulate if a letterform was repeatedly regenerated. Stephenson Blake's solution was to squash type slightly in a press or file it down to broaden it before putting it into the electrotype bath.<ref name="Caslon's punches and matrices Howes">{{cite journal|last1=Howes|first1=Justin|title=Caslon's punches and matrices|journal=[[Matrix (journal)|Matrix]]|date=2000|volume=20|pages=1–7}}</ref>}}
[[Pantograph]] engraving is a technology where a cutting machine is controlled by hand movements and allows type to be cut from large working drawings. It was initially introduced to printing to cut [[wood type]] used for posters and headlines.<ref name="Letters of Credit" /> In the 1880s, the typefounder [[Linn Boyd Benton]] adapted the technology to cutting very small matrices and steel punches.<ref name="Letters of Credit" /> This gave very precise results and transferred the place of individual creativity completely away from the engraving stage towards a drawing office.<ref name="Letters of Credit" /><ref name="Printing the Times">{{cite web|last1=Morison|first1=Stanley|author-link=Stanley Morison|title=Printing the Times|url=http://www.eyemagazine.com/feature/article/stanley-morison-changing-the-times|website=Eye|access-date=28 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="Monotype Recorder matrices">{{cite journal|title=Monotype matrices and moulds in the making|journal=Monotype Recorder|date=1956|volume=40|issue=3|url=http://www.metaltype.co.uk/downloads/mr/mr_40_3.pdf}}</ref>
Some punchcutters did continue to hold prestige for their artisanal work into the early or mid-twentieth century.<ref name="Letters of Credit" /> These included [[Edward Prince]], who cut many types for [[Arts and Crafts movement]] fine printers, [[:fr:Charles Malin|Charles Malin]] in Paris,<ref name="Into Print Mardersteig">{{cite book |last1=Dreyfus |first1=John |title=Into Print: selected writings on printing history, typography and book production |date=1994 |publisher=British Library |location=London |isbn=9780712303439 |chapter=Giovanni Mardersteig's work as a Type Designer}}</ref><ref name="Two Books on Stanley Morison"/><ref name="wardle5">{{cite book |last = Wardle |first = Tiffany |title = The story of Perpetua |publisher = [[University of Reading]] |year = 2000 |page = 5 |url = http://www.typeculture.com/academic_resource/articles_essays/pdfs/tc_article_38.pdf |access-date = 2009-03-26 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061110180517/http://www.typeculture.com/academic_resource/articles_essays/pdfs/tc_article_38.pdf |archive-date = 2006-11-10 }}</ref> Otto Erler in Leipzig and [[:nl:Paul Helmuth Rädisch|P. H. Rädisch]] at [[Joh. Enschedé]] in Haarlem, who cut the types of [[Jan van Krimpen]].<ref name="Review: Jan van Krimpen, A Letter to Philip Hofer">{{cite journal|last1=Ovink|first1=G. Willem|title=Review: Jan van Krimpen, A Letter to Philip Hofer|journal=Quaerendo|date=1973|pages=239–242|doi=10.1163/157006973X00237}}</ref><ref name="Grandeurs and Miseries of the Punch-Cutter's Craft">{{cite journal|last1=Ovink|first1=G. Willem|title=Grandeurs and Miseries of the Punch-Cutter's Craft: a review of ''A to Z. Een autobiografie van P.H. Rädisch, staal-stempelsnijder''|journal=Quaerendo|date=1 January 1980|volume=10|issue=2|pages=158–172|doi=10.1163/157006980X00149}}</ref><ref name="Twentieth-Century Punchcutters">{{cite journal |last1=Lane |first1=John A. |author-link=John A. Lane|title=Twentieth-Century Punchcutters |journal=[[Matrix (journal)|Matrix]] |date=1991 |issue=7–23}}</ref><ref name="My notes on the punchcutter Otto Erler">{{cite web |last1=Reynolds |first1=Dan |title=My notes on the punchcutter Otto Erler |url=http://www.typeoff.de/2018/04/notes-punchcutter-otto-erler/ |website=TypeOff |access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> Type designer [[Matthew Carter]], who learned punchcutting from Rädisch while at an internship at Enschedé, has added commentary to a silent film of Rädisch at work in the 1950s.<ref name="Gravers & Files Haley">{{cite web |last1=Haley |first1=Allan |title=Gravers & Files |url=http://blog.fonts.com/2016/05/10/gravers-files/ |website=Fonts.com |access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref>
The French [[Imprimerie nationale]] was one of the few institutions to continue employing punchcutters into the twenty-first century, to demonstrate the historic technique and to fill out the character set of historic typefaces.<ref name="Steel Magnolia">{{cite web|title=Punch-cutter Nelly Gable: Steel Magnolia of the Imprimerie Nationale|url=https://designtraveler.wordpress.com/2011/12/13/punch-cutter-nelly-gable-steel-magnolia-of-the-imprimerie-royale/|website=Design Traveler|access-date=5 May 2017}}</ref> Contemporary punchcutter Nelly Gable of the French Imprimerie Nationale is one of the few female practitioners of the art.<ref name="Steel Magnolia" />
== See also ==
* [[Amoretti Brothers]]
* [[Bradford Industrial Museum]]
* [[Commemorative coin]]
* [[Letterpress printing]]
==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}
== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{refbegin}}
* Baines, Phil and Haslam, Andrew (2002). ''Type and Typography''. Watson-Guptill. {{ISBN|0-8230-5524-8}}.
* {{cite book| last = Smeijers | first = Fred | author-link = Fred Smeijers | title = Counterpunch: Making Type in the 16th Century, Designing Typefaces Now | publisher = Princeton Architectural Press | year = 1997| isbn = 0-907259-06-5}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eExllUeGtvc Punchcutting demonstration] by Stan Nelson
* [https://typography.guru/video/gravers-files%E2%80%94the-lost-art-of-type-punch-cutting-r76/ Gravers & Files—The lost art of type punch cutting] - a silent film of punchcutter P. H. Rädisch at Enschedé, one of the last working punchcutters, in 1957, by which time the process was already a niche activity. Narration and commentary by [[Matthew Carter]], who was taught by him.
{{Typography terms}}
[[Category:Typesetting]]
[[Category:Engraving]]
| 1,282,495,535
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[]
| false
|
# Margit Schumann
Margit Schumann (14 September 1952 – 11 April 2017) was an East German luger who competed during the 1970s and early 1980s and was the 1976 Olympic Champion and four-time World Champion. Competing in three Winter Olympics, she won two medals in the women's singles event, a gold in 1976 and a bronze in 1972.
Schumann also won four consecutive gold medals at the FIL World Luge Championships (1973–75, 1977). Her number of championships would not be matched until Sylke Otto (also German) won it in 2000, 2001, 2003, and 2005.
At the FIL European Luge Championships, Schumann won five medals with three golds (1973–1975), one silver (1977), and one bronze (1979).
A sixth place at the 1980 Winter Olympics at Lake Placid concluded her career as a competitor, and she moved on to study Sports Sciences at the Academy for Physical Culture in Leipzig, in order to become a specialist trainer in sports sledding. She then began work at Oberhof coaching juniors before she became an East German team selector. After this she took a civilian job with the army. Following reunification in 1990 she took a position as a Personnel specialist with the military Sports Promotion group at Oberhof. Later the Military commissariat posted her to their Psychological Section at Zella-Mehlis.
In 2004, Schumann was among the first three inductees into the International Luge Federation (FIL) Hall of Fame, along with Klaus Bonsack and Paul Hildgartner.
Schumann died on 11 April 2017 in Oberhof at the age of 64.
|
enwiki/11702445
|
enwiki
| 11,702,445
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Margit Schumann
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margit_Schumann
|
2025-01-23T04:16:36Z
|
en
|
Q437707
| 84,548
|
{{Short description|East German luger (1952–2017)}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name =
| image = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-P0105-0016, Margit Schumann.jpg
| image_size =
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| birth_date = 14 September 1952
| birth_place = [[Waltershausen]], [[Bezirk Erfurt]], [[East Germany]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2017|04|11|1952|09|14|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Oberhof, Germany|Oberhof]]
| resting_place =
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| pb =
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[Luge]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{GDR}}}}
{{MedalOlympic}}
{{MedalGold|[[1976 Winter Olympics|1976 Innsbruck]]|[[Luge at the 1976 Winter Olympics|Women's singles]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[1972 Winter Olympics|1972 Sapporo]]|[[Luge at the 1972 Winter Olympics|Women's singles]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FIL World Luge Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[FIL World Luge Championships 1973|1973 Oberhof]]|Women's singles}}
{{MedalGold|[[FIL World Luge Championships 1974|1974 Königssee]]|Women's singles}}
{{MedalGold|[[FIL World Luge Championships 1975|1975 Hammarstrand]]|Women's singles}}
{{MedalGold|[[FIL World Luge Championships 1977|1977 Igls]]|Women's singles}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[FIL European Luge Championships|European Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[FIL European Luge Championships 1973|1973 Königssee]]|Women's singles}}
{{MedalGold|[[FIL European Luge Championships 1974|1974 Imst]]|Women's singles}}
{{MedalGold|[[FIL European Luge Championships 1975|1975 Olang]]|Women's singles}}
{{MedalSilver|[[FIL European Luge Championships 1977|1977 Königssee]]|Women's singles}}
{{MedalBronze|[[FIL European Luge Championships 1979|1979 Oberhof]]|Women's singles}}
| show-medals =
| updated =
}}
'''Margit Schumann''' (14 September 1952 – 11 April 2017) was an [[East Germany|East German]] [[luge]]r who competed during the 1970s and early 1980s and was the 1976 Olympic Champion and four-time World Champion. Competing in three [[Winter Olympics]], she won two medals in the women's singles event, a gold in [[1976 Winter Olympics|1976]] and a bronze in [[1972 Winter Olympics|1972]].
Schumann also won four consecutive gold medals at the [[FIL World Luge Championships]] ([[FIL World Luge Championships 1973|1973]]–[[FIL World Luge Championships 1975|75]], [[FIL World Luge Championships 1977|1977]]). Her number of championships would not be matched until [[Sylke Otto]] (also [[Germany|German]]) won it in [[FIL World Luge Championships 2000|2000]], [[FIL World Luge Championships 2001|2001]], [[FIL World Luge Championships 2003|2003]], and [[FIL World Luge Championships 2005|2005]].
At the [[FIL European Luge Championships]], Schumann won five medals with three golds ([[FIL European Luge Championships 1973|1973]]–[[FIL European Luge Championships 1975|1975]]), one silver ([[FIL European Luge Championships 1977|1977]]), and one bronze ([[FIL European Luge Championships 1979|1979]]).
A sixth place at the [[1980 Winter Olympics]] at [[Lake Placid, New York|Lake Placid]] concluded her career as a competitor, and she moved on to study Sports Sciences at the [[:de:Deutsche Hochschule für Körperkultur|Academy for Physical Culture]] in [[Leipzig]], in order to become a specialist trainer in [[Flexible flyer|sports sledding]]. She then began work at [[Oberhof, Germany|Oberhof]] coaching juniors before she became an [[East Germany|East German]] team selector. After this she took a civilian job with the army. Following [[German reunification|reunification in 1990]] she took a position as a Personnel specialist with the military Sports Promotion group at Oberhof. Later the Military commissariat posted her to their Psychological Section at [[Zella-Mehlis]].
In 2004, Schumann was among the first three inductees into the [[International Luge Federation]] (FIL) Hall of Fame, along with [[Klaus Bonsack]] and [[Paul Hildgartner]].
Schumann died on 11 April 2017 in Oberhof at the age of 64.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fil-luge.org/en/news/olympic-champion-margit-schumann-passes-away|title=Olympic Champion Margit Schumann passes away|date=12 April 2017|publisher=Internationaler Rennrodelverband|language=en|access-date=2017-04-13}}</ref>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.fil-luge.org/news/news-detail/browse/3/article/first-admission-to-the-hall-of-fame-in-the-sport-of-luge.html?tx_ttnews%5BpS%5D=1072911600&tx_ttnews%5BpL%5D=2678399&tx_ttnews%5Barc%5D=1&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=157&cHash=0d913ab04a FIL-Luge.org January 7, 2004 Hall of Fame induction.]
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150610220058/http://www.fuzilogik.com/Luge/Women-s-Luge-Olympic-Medals.html Fuzilogik Sports - Winter Olympic results - Women's luge]}}.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070630054011/http://www.hickoksports.com/history/olluge.shtml Hickoksports.com results on Olympic champions in luge and skeleton.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070529123634/http://www.hickoksports.com/history/worldluge.shtml Hickok sports information on World champions in luge and skeleton.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080325014953/http://www.eiskanal.com/eiskanal-kunstbahnrennrodeln-europameisterschaften.html List of European luge champions] {{in lang|de}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927035935/http://www.sportquick.com/techlist.asp?SearchResult=Envoi&list0=Luge&list1=Championnats%20du%20Monde%20piste%20artificielle&list2=&shot2=T&shot3=Champion SportQuick.com information on World champions in luge] {{in lang|fr}}
{{Footer Olympic Champions Luge Women's Singles}}
{{Footer World Champions Luge Women's Singles}}
{{Footer European Champions Luge Women's Singles}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schummann, Margit}}
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Waltershausen]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Bezirk Erfurt]]
[[Category:German female lugers]]
[[Category:Lugers from Thuringia]]
[[Category:Olympic lugers for East Germany]]
[[Category:East German female lugers]]
[[Category:Lugers at the 1972 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Lugers at the 1976 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Lugers at the 1980 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic medalists in luge]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for East Germany]]
[[Category:Olympic bronze medalists for East Germany]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1976 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1972 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in gold]]
[[Category:20th-century German sportswomen]]
| 1,271,239,330
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[{"title": "Personal information", "data": {"Born": "14 September 1952 \u00b7 Waltershausen, Bezirk Erfurt, East Germany", "Died": "11 April 2017 (aged 64) \u00b7 Oberhof"}}, {"title": "Olympic Games", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": "1976 Innsbruck \u00b7 Women's singles", "Bronze medal \u2013 third place": "1972 Sapporo \u00b7 Women's singles"}}, {"title": "World Championships", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": ["1973 Oberhof \u00b7 Women's singles", "1974 K\u00f6nigssee \u00b7 Women's singles", "1975 Hammarstrand \u00b7 Women's singles", "1977 Igls \u00b7 Women's singles"]}}, {"title": "European Championships", "data": {"Gold medal \u2013 first place": ["1973 K\u00f6nigssee \u00b7 Women's singles", "1974 Imst \u00b7 Women's singles", "1975 Olang \u00b7 Women's singles"], "Silver medal \u2013 second place": "1977 K\u00f6nigssee \u00b7 Women's singles", "Bronze medal \u2013 third place": "1979 Oberhof \u00b7 Women's singles"}}]
| false
|
# Lophostigma (plant)
Lophostigma is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Sapindaceae.
Its native range is Western South America.
Species:
- Lophostigma plumosum Radlk.
- Lophostigma schunkei (Acev.-Rodr.) Acev.-Rodr.
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enwiki/67682935
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enwiki
| 67,682,935
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Lophostigma (plant)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lophostigma_(plant)
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2024-01-09T19:12:21Z
|
en
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Q10319711
| 25,137
|
{{Short description|Genus of plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image =
|image_caption =
|taxon = Lophostigma (plant)
|authority = [[Radlk.]]
}}
'''''Lophostigma''''' is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s belonging to the family [[Sapindaceae]].<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |title=Lophostigma Radlk. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:294658-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=16 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
Its native range is Western South America.<ref name="POWO" />
Species:<ref name="POWO" />
*''[[Lophostigma plumosum]]'' {{small|Radlk.}}
*''[[Lophostigma schunkei]]'' {{small|(Acev.-Rodr.) Acev.-Rodr.}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q10319711}}
[[Category:Sapindaceae]]
[[Category:Sapindaceae genera]]
| 1,194,586,004
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[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Kingdom": "Plantae", "Clade": ["Tracheophytes", "Angiosperms", "Eudicots", "Rosids"], "Order": "Sapindales", "Family": "Sapindaceae", "Genus": "Lophostigma \u00b7 Radlk."}}]
| false
|
# Portage Diversion
The Portage Diversion (also known as the Assiniboine River Floodway) is a water control structure on the Assiniboine River near Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada (49°56′48″N 98°20′06″W / 49.94667°N 98.33500°W). The project was made as part of a larger attempt to prevent flooding in the Red River Valley. The Portage Diversion consists of two separate gates which divert some of the flow of water in the Assiniboine River to a 29 km long diversion channel that empties into Lake Manitoba near Delta Beach. This helps prevent flooding on the Assiniboine down river from the diversion, including in Winnipeg, where the Assiniboine River meets the Red River.
During flood years such as the 2011 Assiniboine River flood, inlet flows to the Portage Diversion control structure were measured at over 54,000 cu ft/s (1,500 m3/s). This amount of water would have disastrous effects if left to flood southern Manitoba. During the flood of spring 2011, the Portage Diversion handled roughly half the flow of Niagara Falls.
The Assiniboine River and diking system can handle flows up to approx 10,000 cubic feet per second (280 m3/s) without a serious breach. However, many properties between Portage la Praire and Winnipeg are flooded once the flows exceed 10,500 cfs, including commercial establishments such as the KOA campground in St Francois Xavier. Over the past few years as high river flows have occurred east of Portage la Prairie, residents have noted significant bank erosion and stands of trees decades old are dying off. In recent years government policy has allowed 12,000 + cfs down the lower assiniboine towards Winnipeg causing major property and environmental damage.
The diversion was originally designed to carry a volume of 25,000 cubic feet per second (710 m3/s). Under a state of emergency in early May 2011, Manitoba authorities did extensive work by raising the dikes and were preparing to send up to 34,000 cu ft/s (960 m3/s) down the diversion channel with bridges downstream being the determining factor in flow rate.,
The diversion was built at a cost of $20.5 million in 1970. The diversion control dam is 35 feet (11 m) high and 1,400 feet (430 m) long and allows 14,600 acre-foot (18,000,000 m3) storage.
## Flow Rates
Below are data from years of operation of the Portage Diversion when its use resulted in a 0.5 foot or more rise in Lake Manitoba:
| Year | Peak Flow (cfs) | Volume Diverted (acre-feet) |
| ---- | --------------- | --------------------------- |
| 2011 | 34,804 | 4,770,000 |
| 2014 | 34,100 | 2,244,000 |
| 1976 | 26,000 | 1,420,460 |
| 2017 | 24,700 | > 1,000,000 |
| 1995 | 13,800 | 1,120,000 |
| 2009 | 22,088 | 932,000 |
| 1999 | 10,500 | 914,000 |
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enwiki/4845642
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enwiki
| 4,845,642
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Portage Diversion
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portage_Diversion
|
2024-08-14T14:16:10Z
|
en
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Q7231411
| 34,364
|
{{Short description|Spillway in Manitoba, Canada}}
[[File:PortageSpillway.JPG|thumb|Portage Spillway sending water down the Assiniboine River towards Winnipeg]]
[[File:Portage_Diversion_maximum_capacity.jpg|thumb|Portage Diversion operating at about maximum designed channel capacity ({{convert|25000|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}) heading towards Lake Manitoba]]
[[File:PD33.JPG|thumb|Portage Diversion operating at expanded capacity at about {{convert|33000|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} heading towards Lake Manitoba]]
The '''Portage Diversion''' (also known as the '''Assiniboine River Floodway''') is a water control structure on the [[Assiniboine River]] near [[Portage la Prairie]], [[Manitoba]], [[Canada]] ({{coord|49|56|48|N|98|20|06|W}}). The project was made as part of a larger attempt to prevent flooding in the [[Red River Valley]]. The Portage Diversion consists of two separate gates which divert some of the flow of water in the Assiniboine River to a 29 km long diversion channel that empties into [[Lake Manitoba]] near Delta Beach. This helps prevent flooding on the Assiniboine down river from the diversion, including in [[Winnipeg]], where the Assiniboine River meets the [[Red River of the North|Red River]].
During flood years such as the [[2011 Assiniboine River flood]], inlet flows to the Portage Diversion control structure were measured at over {{convert|54000|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}. This amount of water would have disastrous effects if left to flood southern Manitoba. During the flood of spring 2011, the Portage Diversion handled roughly half the flow of [[Niagara Falls]].
The Assiniboine River and diking system can handle flows up to approx {{convert|10000|cuft/s|m3/s}} without a serious breach.<ref>{{cite web|title=Daily Flood Sheet Assiniboine River July 31, 2014|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/mit/floodinfo/floodoutlook/forecast_centre/flood_sheets/2014/assiniboine_%20july_31_2014.pdf|work=Province of Manitoba|year=2014}}</ref> However, many properties between Portage la Praire and Winnipeg are flooded once the flows exceed 10,500 cfs, including commercial establishments such as the KOA campground in St Francois Xavier. Over the past few years as high river flows have occurred east of Portage la Prairie, residents have noted significant bank erosion and stands of trees decades old are dying off. In recent years government policy has allowed 12,000 + cfs down the lower assiniboine towards Winnipeg causing major property and environmental damage.
The diversion was originally designed to carry a volume of {{convert|25000|cuft/s|m3/s}}. Under a state of emergency in early May 2011, Manitoba authorities did extensive work by raising the dikes and were preparing to send up to {{convert|34000|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} down the diversion channel with bridges downstream being the determining factor in flow rate.[http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/breakingnews/breach-best-of-bad-choices-121551129.html],[http://news.gov.mb.ca/news/index.html?archive=&item=11454]
The diversion was built at a cost of $20.5 million in 1970. The diversion control dam is 35 feet (11 m) high and 1,400 feet (430 m) long and allows {{convert|14,600|acre.foot|m3}} storage.
==Flow Rates==
Below are data from years of operation of the Portage Diversion when its use resulted in a 0.5 foot or more rise in Lake Manitoba:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Peak Flow (cfs)
! Volume Diverted (acre-feet)
|-
! 2011
| 34,804 <ref>{{cite web|title=RED RIVER FLOODWAY OPERATION REPORT SPRING 2011|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/reports/floodway/red_river_floodway_operation_report_2011.pdf|work=Province of Manitoba|year=2011}}</ref>
| 4,770,000
|-
! 2014
| 34,100 <ref>{{cite web|title=Flood Report for Manitoba - July 10, 2014|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/mit/floodinfo/floodoutlook/forecast_centre/daily_reports/2014/en/flood_report_july_10_2014.pdf|publisher=Government of Manitoba |date=July 10, 2014}}</ref>
| 2,244,000
|-
! 1976
| 26,000 <ref>{{cite web|title=Daily Water Levels and Forecasts Assiniboine River June 22, 2012|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/mit/floodinfo/floodoutlook/forecast_centre/flood_sheets/2012/assin_flood_sheet_jun_22_2012.pdf|work=Province of Manitoba|year=2012}}</ref>
| 1,420,460 <ref>{{cite web|title=Regulation of Water Levels on Lake Manitoba and along the Fairford River, Pineimuta Lake, Lake St. Martin and Dauphin River and Related Issues|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/waterstewardship/reports/lake_manitoba/water_levels_main2003-07.pdf|work=The Lake Manitoba Regulation Review Advisory Committee|date=July 2003}}</ref>
|-
! 2017
| 24,700 <ref>{{cite web|title=Daily Flood Sheet - April 17, 2017|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/mit/floodinfo/floodoutlook/forecast_centre/flood_sheets/2017/Assiniboine%20River%20Flood%20Sheet_April17.pdf|publisher=Province of Manitoba|date=April 17, 2017|access-date=September 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418083832/http://www.gov.mb.ca/mit/floodinfo/floodoutlook/forecast_centre/flood_sheets/2017/Assiniboine%20River%20Flood%20Sheet_April17.pdf|archive-date=April 18, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| > 1,000,000
|-
! 1995
| 13,800
| 1,120,000
|-
! 2009
| 22,088 <ref>{{cite web|title=RED RIVER FLOODWAY OPERATION REPORT SPRING 2009|url=https://www.gov.mb.ca/mit/floodinfo/floodproofing/reports/pdf/red_river_floodway_operation_report_2009.pdf|work=Province of Manitoba|year=2009}}</ref>
| 932,000
|-
! 1999
| 10,500
| 914,000
|}
==See also==
*[[Red River Floodway]]
*[[Shellmouth Reservoir]]
==References==
<references />
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/19991012091002/http://www.quantumlynx.com/water/vol7no2/story2.html Flood control works]
[[Category:Assiniboine River]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Manitoba]]
[[Category:Flood control projects]]
[[Category:Flood control in Canada]]
[[Category:Spillways]]
| 1,240,274,285
|
[]
| false
|
# Manothrix
Manothrix is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1878. The entire genus is endemic to Brazil.
Species
1. Manothrix nodosa Miers
2. Manothrix valida Miers
|
enwiki/43917762
|
enwiki
| 43,917,762
|
Manothrix
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manothrix
|
2024-01-12T19:26:46Z
|
en
|
Q15972188
| 28,283
|
{{Short description|Genus of plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image =
|image_caption =
|taxon = Manothrix
|authority = Miers
|type_species=
|type_species_authority=
}}
'''''Manothrix''''' is a genus of plants in the family [[Apocynaceae]], first described as a genus in 1878.<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/431242#page/30/mode/1up Miers, John. 1878. ''Manothrix.'' On the Apocynaceae of South America 28-29. ]</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40013381 Tropicos, genus ''Manothrix'' ]</ref> The entire genus is endemic to Brazil.
;Species<ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Manothrix The Plant List, genus ''Manothrix'']</ref>
# ''[[Manothrix nodosa]]'' <small>Miers </small>
# ''[[Manothrix valida]]'' <small>Miers</small>
==References==
{{Commons}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q15972188}}
[[Category:Asclepiadoideae]]
[[Category:Apocynaceae genera]]
[[Category:Endemic flora of Brazil]]
{{Apocynaceae-stub}}
| 1,195,200,216
|
[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Kingdom": "Plantae", "Clade": ["Tracheophytes", "Angiosperms", "Eudicots", "Asterids"], "Order": "Gentianales", "Family": "Apocynaceae", "Subfamily": "Asclepiadoideae", "Genus": "Manothrix \u00b7 Miers"}}]
| false
|
# Pliomelaena callista
Pliomelaena callista is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Pliomelaena of the family Tephritidae.
## Distribution
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea.
|
enwiki/66981584
|
enwiki
| 66,981,584
|
Pliomelaena callista
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliomelaena_callista
|
2024-01-20T22:10:35Z
|
en
|
Q14664376
| 29,512
|
{{Short description|Species of fly}}
{{Speciesbox
|image =
|image_caption =
|genus = Pliomelaena
|species = callista
|authority = [[Erich Martin Hering|Hering]], 1941<ref name="Hering1941">{{cite journal |last1=Hering |first1=E.M. |title=Dipteren von den Kleinen Sunda-Inseln. Aus der Ausbeute der Sunda-Expedition Rensch. II. Trypetidae. (34. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Trypetidae) |journal=Arbeiten Uber Morphologische u. Taxonomische Entomologie. Berlin-Dahlem |date=1941 |volume=8 |pages=24–45 |url=http://sdei.senckenberg.de/~openaccess/02100.pdf |access-date=3 March 2021}}</ref>
|display_parents = 3
|synonyms = *''Indaresta callista'' <small>[[Erich Martin Hering|Hering]], 1941</small><ref name="Hering1941"/>
}}
'''''Pliomelaena callista''''' is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus ''[[Pliomelaena]]'' of the family [[Tephritidae]].<ref name="Norrbom1999">{{cite journal |last1=Norrbom |first1=A.L. |last2=Carroll |first2=L.E. |last3=Thompson |first3=F.C. |last4=White |first4=I.M |last5=Freidberg |first5=A. |title=Systematic Database of Names. Pp. 65-252. In Thompson, F. C. (ed.), Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database. |journal=Myia |date=1999 |volume=9 |pages=vii + 524}}</ref>
==Distribution==
[[Indonesia]], [[Papua New Guinea]].
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q14664376}}
[[Category:Tephritinae]]
[[Category:Insects described in 1941]]
[[Category:Diptera of Asia]]
{{Tephritinae-stub}}
| 1,197,526,400
|
[{"title": "Scientific classification", "data": {"Domain": "Eukaryota", "Kingdom": "Animalia", "Phylum": "Arthropoda", "Class": "Insecta", "Order": "Diptera", "Family": "Tephritidae", "Subfamily": "Tephritinae", "Tribe": "Tephrellini", "Genus": "Pliomelaena", "Species": "P. callista"}}, {"title": "Binomial name", "data": {"Binomial name": "Pliomelaena callista \u00b7 Hering, 1941"}}, {"title": "Synonyms", "data": {"Synonyms": "- Indaresta callista Hering, 1941"}}]
| false
|
# Leora Kornfeld
Leora Kornfeld is a digital media researcher and consultant and former radio personality. She was best known for hosting RealTime on CBC Stereo in the 1990s, which was billed as the first radio program in the world to integrate emerging Internet technologies such as IRC internet chat into its program format.
Kornfeld got her start in radio at CITR-FM, the campus station at Vancouver's University of British Columbia where fellow disc jockeys included Terry McBride, founder of the Nettwerk label, and former Globe and Mail music critic Chris Dafoe. After graduating from UBC she went on to work at CFOX-FM, first as a technical operator during the 2-6 a.m. shift and then as the writer for the syndicated program The Rock Journal. Following her stint at CFOX she ventured into television writing at the CBC. Her first job there was on the short-lived late night teen series Pilot One. She then went on to work on the final season of Switchback and the inaugural season of Streetcents.
Kornfeld made the leap from CBC Television to CBC Radio, starting as a writer/producer and eventually as host of the music magazine program The Beat heard on CBC Radio 1 and Radio 2 in the early 1990s, and continued her hosting duties at CBC on the programs RealTime (1994–1997) and Radiosonic (1997–1999). RealTime was merged in 1997 with David Wisdom's Night Lines into a new program called RadioSonic, and Kornfeld and Wisdom continued as cohosts of RadioSonic until 1999, at which time Kornfeld took a leave from CBC to pursue graduate studies in Media & Communications at Goldsmiths College, University of London. In 2002 Kornfeld founded Ubiquity Interactive, a company that developed early mobile technology such as multimedia museum guides and cell phone applications. The company's mobile museum guide, the VUEguide, was recognized with the Gold Award in the category of History & Culture by the American Alliance of Museums.
From 2008 to 2014 Kornfeld was a researcher at Harvard. Her work there focused on the new models of communication and new business structures enabled by digital, connected networks. Her published work includes cases on digital marketing in the music industry, politics in the age of social media, and how organizations such as Coca-Cola and Ford have pioneered new marketing strategies based on user-generated content. From 2015 to 2016 she was an adjunct faculty member at York University's Schulich School of Business.
In 2018 Kornfeld was commissioned to host the Canada Media Fund's podcast series Now & Next, which debuted on the iTunes charts as one of the country's top technology podcasts.
|
enwiki/8865097
|
enwiki
| 8,865,097
|
Leora Kornfeld
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leora_Kornfeld
|
2024-10-28T17:28:33Z
|
en
|
Q6527227
| 15,997
|
{{Primary sources|date=November 2021}}
'''Leora Kornfeld''' is a digital media researcher and consultant and former radio personality. She was best known for hosting ''[[RealTime (radio show)|RealTime]]'' on [[CBC Radio 2|CBC Stereo]] in the 1990s, which was billed as the first radio program in the world to integrate emerging [[Internet]] technologies such as [[IRC]] internet chat into its program format.
Kornfeld got her start in radio at [[CITR-FM]], the campus station at Vancouver's [[University of British Columbia]] where fellow disc jockeys included Terry McBride, founder of the [[Nettwerk]] label, and former ''[[The Globe and Mail|Globe and Mail]]'' music critic Chris Dafoe. After graduating from UBC she went on to work at [[CFOX-FM]], first as a technical operator during the 2-6 a.m. shift and then as the writer for the syndicated program ''The Rock Journal''. Following her stint at CFOX she ventured into television writing at the [[CBC Television|CBC]]. Her first job there was on the short-lived late night teen series ''[[Pilot One]]''. She then went on to work on the final season of ''[[Switchback (TV series)|Switchback]]'' and the inaugural season of ''[[Streetcents]]''.
Kornfeld made the leap from CBC Television to [[CBC Radio]], starting as a writer/producer and eventually as host of the music magazine program ''The Beat'' heard on CBC Radio 1 and Radio 2 in the early 1990s, and continued her hosting duties at CBC on the programs ''RealTime'' (1994–1997) and ''Radiosonic'' (1997–1999). ''RealTime'' was merged in 1997 with [[David Wisdom]]'s ''[[Night Lines]]'' into a new program called ''[[RadioSonic]]'', and Kornfeld and Wisdom continued as cohosts of ''RadioSonic'' until 1999, at which time Kornfeld took a leave from CBC to pursue graduate studies in Media & Communications at [[Goldsmiths College, University of London]]. In 2002 Kornfeld founded Ubiquity Interactive,<ref>[http://www.ubiquityinteractive.com Ubiquity Interactive<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> a company that developed early mobile technology such as multimedia museum guides and cell phone applications.<ref>[http://www.metrocode.net metroCode<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070112224627/http://www.metrocode.net/ |date=2007-01-12 }}</ref> The company's mobile museum guide, the VUEguide, was recognized with the Gold Award in the category of History & Culture by the American Alliance of Museums.
From 2008 to 2014 Kornfeld was a researcher at Harvard. Her work there focused on the new models of communication and new business structures enabled by digital, connected networks. Her published work includes cases on [[digital marketing]] in the music industry, politics in the age of social media, and how organizations such as Coca-Cola and Ford have pioneered new marketing strategies based on user-generated content. From 2015 to 2016 she was an adjunct faculty member at York University's Schulich School of Business.
In 2018 Kornfeld was commissioned to host the [[Canada Media Fund]]'s podcast series ''Now & Next'', which debuted on the iTunes charts as one of the country's top technology podcasts.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kornfeld, Leora}}
[[Category:Canadian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London]]
[[Category:CBC Radio hosts]]
[[Category:Canadian women radio hosts]]
| 1,253,939,954
|
[]
| false
|
# List of senators of Ceylon
This is a list of senators who were members of the Senate of Ceylon.
## Presidents of the Senate
- Gerard Wijeyekoon (1947 – )[1]
- Nicholas Attygalle (1952–1955)[2]
- Cyril de Zoysa (1955–1961)
- Sarath Wijesinghe (1962–1965)
- Thomas Amarasuriya (1963–65)[3]
- Abeyratne Ratnayaka (1965–1971)
## Deputy presidents of the Senate
- Peri Sundaram (1947 – )[1]
- Frank Gunasekera (1948–1951)
- Cyril de Zoysa (1951–1955)[4]
- Adeline Molamure (1955 – )[5]
- B. H. Dunuwille[6]
- S. D. S. Somaratne
## Leaders of the Senate
- Edwin Wijeyeratne (1947–1951)
- Oliver Goonetilleke (1951–1954)
## Senators
- N. M. Appuhamy, elected UNP
- Kurbanhusen Adamaly (1949–61), appointed.[7][8]
- J. A. Amaratunga, appointed
- Thomas Amarasuriya (1953–65), UNP/SLFP
- Nicholas Attygalle (1952–), appointed
- A. M. A. Azeez (1952–63), appointed, UNP/independent[8][9][10][11]
- Sirimavo Bandaranaike (1960–65), SLFP
- I. A. Cader (1969–1970), appointed[8]
- Mohamed Shums Cassim (1953–54), elected[8]
- C. Coomaraswamy (1947–1950), appointed[1][12]
- Cissy Cooray (1947–1952), appointed[5] – first woman appointed to the Senate[13]
- Ananda Dassanayake (1961-), elected[6]
- R. S. F. de Mel (1947-), elected
- Evadne de Silva
- Evelyn de Soysa (1958–1963),[14][15]
- M. W. H. de Silva
- Cyril de Zoysa (1947–), elected
- M. P. de Zoysa (1960–1971), appointed
- Doric de Souza, LSSP
- B. H. Dunuwille
- Sam Peter Christopher Fernando[16]
- Chittampalam Abraham Gardiner (1947–), appointed
- Oliver Goonetilleke (1947–1948;1951–1954), appointed
- Frank Gunasekera (1947–), appointed
- A. R. M. Hameem (1963–1969), appointed[8]
- L. L. Hunter (1950–1953), appointed
- Sir Herbert Eric Jansz (1947–1950), appointed
- J. P. Jayasena
- Ukwatte Jayasundera
- A. P. Jayasuriya
- Clodagh Jayasuriya, UNP,[5] elected (October 1953 – 1956)
- N. U. Jayawardena, appointed (1957–)
- Valentine S. Jayawickrema
- Stanley Kalpage[17]
- S. R. Kanaganayagam (1949–57), appointed, UNP/ACTC[18][19]
- E. W. Kannangara (1954–1959), elected SLFP
- M. D. Kitchilan (1965–1971), appointed[8][20]
- John Kotelawala, UNP
- Justin Kotelawala (1947–1954), elected, UNP
- Dr R. B. Lenora
- M. Manickam, ITAK[21][22]
- Mohamed Macan Markar (1947–1952), appointed
- S. M. H. Mashoor (1965–1971), elected[8]
- Adeline Molamure (1947–), elected
- S. Z. Mashoor Moulana (1967), elected[8]
- S. Nadarajah (1965–71), ACTC[23][24]
- S. Nadesan (1947–71)[25][26]
- S. Natesan (Subaiya Nadesapillai)[27]
- Ponnambalam Nagalingam (1951–57), LSSP[28]
- E. M. V. Naganathan (1947–), elected, ACTC/ITAK[29]
- Jinadasa Niyathapala, appointed 1960–1964
- James Peter Obeyesekere III
- Bertram Ivor Palipane (1952–57), elected[30]
- Sangarapillai Pararajasingham, UNP (1954–)[31]
- M. V. P Peiris
- D. W. J. Perera (1947–), elected[32]
- Reginald Perera (1959–71), MEP[33]
- D. M. Rajapaksa
- Lalitha Rajapakse (1947–), appointed
- A. B. Rajendra (1947–), appointed[34]
- Abeyratne Ratnayaka
- Barnes Ratwatte Dissawe (1947-), elected
- Harris Leuke Ratwatte Dissawe (1955-), elected
- Abdul Rahman Abdul Razik (1947–1952), elected[8]
- Philip Rodrigo
- Dr. V. R. Schockman (1947–), appointed
- H. de Z. Siriwardena (1952–), appointed
- Seetha Seneviratne (1967–)
- Robert Singleton-Salmon (1950–1951), appointed
- Bennet Soysa (1947–), elected
- Peri Sundaram (1947–), elected, CIC[35]
- John Tarbat (1947–), appointed
- M. Tiruchelvam (1965–71), Federal Party[36]
- Heen Banda Udurawana[37]
- Kanthiah Vaithianathan[38] (1952–1956), appointed
- Donatius Victoria (1947–), appointed
- A. F. Wijemanne
- Sarath Wijesinghe, elected (1947-), elected President of the Senate (1963-)
- Gerard Wijeyekoon (1947-), appointed
- Edwin Wijeyeratne (1947–1951), appointed
- E. B. Wikramanayake
- G. P. Wickramarachchi (1947–1960), appointed
- T. Y. Wright (1947–), appointed
|
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|
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| 31,171,478
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List of senators of Ceylon
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_senators_of_Ceylon
|
2025-03-09T21:45:43Z
|
en
|
Q6596697
| 116,982
|
{{short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}
This is a list of senators who were members of the [[Senate of Ceylon]].
==Presidents of the Senate==
{{Main|President of the Senate of Ceylon}}
<!-- in chronological order please -->
* [[Gerard Wijeyekoon]] (1947 – )<ref name="ST">{{cite news|title=First election on party basis|url=http://sundaytimes.lk/040307/plus/4.html|newspaper=[[Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)]]|date=4 March 2007}}</ref>
* [[Nicholas Attygalle]] (1952–1955)<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1970|title=In Memoriam: Sir Nicholas Attygalle|journal=Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England|volume=46|issue=6|pages=357–358|issn=0035-8843|pmc=2387761}}</ref>
* [[Cyril de Zoysa]] (1955–1961)
* [[Sarath Wijesinghe]] (1962–1965)
* [[Thomas Amarasuriya]] (1963–65)<ref>{{cite news|title=Remembering Thomas Amarasuriya on his 100th birth anniversary|url=http://www.island.lk/2007/06/17/politics2.html|newspaper=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)]]|date=17 June 2007}}</ref>
* [[Abeyratne Ratnayaka]] (1965–1971)
==Deputy presidents of the Senate==
<!-- in chronological order please -->
* [[Peri Sundaram]] (1947 – )<ref name="ST"/>
* [[Frank Gunasekera]] (1948–1951)
* [[Cyril de Zoysa]] (1951–1955)<ref>{{cite news|title=Patriot and devout Buddhist|url=https://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2010/02/28/jun04.asp|newspaper=[[Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka)]]|date=28 February 2010}}</ref>
* [[Adeline Molamure]] (1955 – )<ref name="DN">{{cite news|last=Ratnapala|first=Neetha S.|title=Women – the race is yet to be won|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/03/08/fea01.html|newspaper=[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)]]|date=8 March 2003|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019012116/http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/03/08/fea01.html|archive-date=19 October 2012}}</ref>
* [[B. H. Dunuwille]]<ref name="Isl">{{cite news|title=The mighty midget of SLFP politics|url=http://www.island.lk/2004/08/29/featur09.html|newspaper=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)]]|date=29 August 2004}}</ref>
* [[S. D. S. Somaratne]]
==Leaders of the Senate==
* [[Edwin Wijeyeratne]] (1947–1951)
* [[Oliver Goonetilleke]] (1951–1954)
==Senators==
<!-- in alphabetical order please -->
* [[N. M. Appuhamy]], elected [[United National Party|UNP]]
* [[Kurbanhusen Adamaly]] (1949–61), appointed.<ref>Gazette Notification No. 1041 of 1953; G.G.O No. C 163/49</ref><ref name=Azeez>{{cite web|url=http://azeezfoundation.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/azeez-book.pdf|title=A. M. A. Azeez – Senate Speeches|author1=Jameel, S. H. M.|author2=Azeez, M. Ali|publisher=Dr. A. M. A. Azeez Foundation|date=2008|page=xx}}</ref>
* [[J. A. Amaratunga]], appointed
* [[Thomas Amarasuriya]] (1953–65), [[United National Party|UNP]]/[[Sri Lanka Freedom Party|SLFP]]
* [[Nicholas Attygalle]] (1952–), appointed
* [[A. M. A. Azeez]] (1952–63), appointed, [[United National Party|UNP]]/independent<ref name=Azeez/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Marsoof|first1=Saleem|title=Dr. A. M. A. Azeez's contribution to Muslim education|url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2002/12/30/fea04.html|work=[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)]]|date=30 December 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ratnapuli|first1=Rajindra C.|title=Dr. A.M.A. Azeez – He Placed Service Before Self|url=http://www.thesundayleader.lk/2010/11/21/dr-a-m-a-azeez-%E2%80%93-he-placed-service-before-self/|work=[[The Sunday Leader]]|date=21 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ishaq|first1=Achi M.|title=A visionary of his time, he promoted ethnic harmony through education|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/051120/plus/appreciation.html|work=[[The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)]]|date=20 November 2005}}</ref>
* [[Sirimavo Bandaranaike]] (1960–65), [[Sri Lanka Freedom Party|SLFP]]
* [[I. A. Cader]] (1969–1970), appointed<ref name=Azeez/>
* [[Mohamed Shums Cassim]] (1953–54), elected<ref name=Azeez/>
* [[C. Coomaraswamy]] (1947–1950), appointed<ref name="ST"/>{{sfn|Arumugam|1997|p=42}}
* [[Cissy Cooray]] (1947–1952), appointed<ref name="DN"/> – first woman appointed to the Senate<ref name="EoSL">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Sri Lanka|author=Gunawardena, Charles A. (Ed)|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|date=2005|page=89|isbn=9781932705485}}</ref>
* [[Ananda Dassanayake]] (1961-), elected<ref name="Isl"/>
* [[R. S. F. de Mel]] (1947-), elected
* [[Evadne de Silva]]
* [[Evelyn de Soysa]] (1958–1963),<ref>[http://mirrorcitizen.lk/2015/03/09/100th-birth-anniversary-of-s-t-l-de-soysa-a-man-of-vision-and-principle/ 100th BIRTH ANNIVERSARY OF S.T.L.DE SOYSA, A man of vision and principle], [[The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)]], Retrieved 30 May 2015</ref><ref>[http://www.holyemmanuelchurch.com/history.html The Holy Emmanuel Church (history)] Retrieved 30 January 2015</ref>
* [[M. W. H. de Silva]]
* [[Cyril de Zoysa]] (1947–), elected
* [[M. P. de Zoysa]] (1960–1971), appointed
* [[Doric de Souza]], [[Lanka Sama Samaja Party|LSSP]]
* [[B. H. Dunuwille]]
* [[Sam Peter Christopher Fernando]]<ref name="ref1">[http://www.island.lk/2004/01/18/opinio02.html A salute to Sam P.C. !]</ref>
* [[Chittampalam Abraham Gardiner]] (1947–), appointed
* [[Oliver Goonetilleke]] (1947–1948;1951–1954), appointed
* [[Frank Gunasekera]] (1947–), appointed
* [[A. R. M. Hameem]] (1963–1969), appointed<ref name=Azeez/>
* [[L. L. Hunter]] (1950–1953), appointed
* [[Herbert Eric Jansz|Sir Herbert Eric Jansz]] (1947–1950), appointed
* [[J. P. Jayasena]]
* [[Ukwatte Jayasundera]]
* [[A. P. Jayasuriya]]
* [[Clodagh Jayasuriya]], [[United National Party|UNP]],<ref name="DN"/> elected (October 1953 – 1956)
* [[N. U. Jayawardena]], appointed (1957–)
* [[Valentine S. Jayawickrema]]
* [[Stanley Kalpage]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Kalpage|first=Quintus|title=Fond memories of two brothers: Stanley and Kingsley Kalpage|url=http://sundaytimes.lk/060101/plus/appreciation.html|newspaper=[[Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)]]|date=1 January 2006}}</ref>
* [[S. R. Kanaganayagam]] (1949–57), appointed, [[United National Party|UNP]]/[[All Ceylon Tamil Congress|ACTC]]{{sfn|Arumugam|1997|pp=67–68}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Tharmarajah|first=K. M.|title=Advocate S.R. Kanaganayagam: A legal luminary well-known for sound interpretation, wit and humour|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2004/05/14/fea04.html|newspaper=[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)]]|date=14 May 2004|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019012126/http://www.dailynews.lk/2004/05/14/fea04.html|archive-date=19 October 2012}}</ref>
* [[E. W. Kannangara]] (1954–1959), elected [[Sri Lanka Freedom Party|SLFP]]
* [[M. D. Kitchilan]] (1965–1971), appointed<ref name=Azeez/><ref name="colombotelegraph">{{cite web |title=Sri Lankan Malays Fight For Parliament Representation |url=https://www.colombotelegraph.com/index.php/sri-lankan-malays-fight-for-parliament-representation/ |website=Colombo Telegraph |access-date=7 March 2019 |date=1 March 2019}}</ref>
* [[John Kotelawala]], [[United National Party|UNP]]
* [[Justin Kotelawala]] (1947–1954), elected, [[United National Party|UNP]]
* [[R. B. Lenora|Dr R. B. Lenora]]
* [[M. Manickam]], [[Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi|ITAK]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Jeyaraj|first=D. B. S.|title=Will "Tamil Kudumbimalai"be turned into "Sinhala Thoppigala?"|url=http://www.thesundayleader.lk/archive/20070715/issues-1.htm|newspaper=[[The Sunday Leader]]|date=15 July 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Jeyaraj|first=D. B. S.|title=Assassinating Tamil Parliamentarians: The unceasing waves|url=http://www.nation.lk/2008/03/16/newsfe1.htm|newspaper=[[The Nation (Sri Lanka)]]|date=16 March 2008|access-date=13 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220083850/http://www.nation.lk/2008/03/16/newsfe1.htm|archive-date=20 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Mohamed Macan Markar]] (1947–1952), appointed
* [[S. M. H. Mashoor]] (1965–1971), elected<ref name=Azeez/>
* [[Adeline Molamure]] (1947–), elected
* [[S. Z. Mashoor Moulana]] (1967), elected<ref name=Azeez/>
* [[S. Nadarajah]] (1965–71), [[All Ceylon Tamil Congress|ACTC]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Ex-Senator Killed|journal=[[Tamil Times]]|date=March 1988|volume=VII|issue=4|page=4|url=http://noolaham.net/project/34/3308/3308.pdf|issn=0266-4488}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Jeyaraj|first=D. B. S.|title=Satyagraha receives "Baptism of fire" on first day|url=http://print2.dailymirror.lk/opinion1/37453-satyagraha-receives-baptism-of-fire-.html|newspaper=[[The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)]]|date=7 March 2011|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713152304/http://print2.dailymirror.lk/opinion1/37453-satyagraha-receives-baptism-of-fire-.html|archive-date=13 July 2013}}</ref>
* [[S. Nadesan]] (1947–71){{sfn|Arumugam|1997|p=111}}<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fonseka|first1=Manel|title=S. Nadesan QC – A Tribute|journal=[[Tamil Times]]|date=January 1987|volume=VI|issue=3|pages=9–10|url=http://noolaham.net/project/33/3295/3295.pdf|issn=0266-4488}}</ref>
* [[S. Natesan]] (Subaiya Nadesapillai){{sfn|Arumugam|1997|p=118}}
* [[Ponnambalam Nagalingam]] (1951–57), [[Lanka Sama Samaja Party|LSSP]]{{sfn|Arumugam|1997|p=112}}
* [[E. M. V. Naganathan]] (1947–), elected, [[All Ceylon Tamil Congress|ACTC]]/[[Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi|ITAK]]{{sfn|Arumugam|1997|p=113}}
* [[Jinadasa Niyathapala]], appointed 1960–1964
* [[James Peter Obeyesekere III]]
* [[Bertram Ivor Palipane]] (1952–57), elected<ref>{{cite news|title=Obituaries|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/08/04/obits.html|newspaper=[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)]]|date=4 August 2003|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611082010/http://www.dailynews.lk/2003/08/04/obits.html|archive-date=11 June 2011}}</ref>
* [[Sangarapillai Pararajasingham]], [[United National Party|UNP]] (1954–){{sfn|Arumugam|1997|pp=129–130}}
* [[M. V. P Peiris]]
* [[D. W. J. Perera]] (1947–), elected<ref>{{cite news|last=Fernando|first=Neville|title=Remembering Senator D. W. J. Perera|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2009/10/17/fea04.asp|newspaper=[[Daily News (Sri Lanka)]]|date=17 October 2009|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629045505/http://www.dailynews.lk/2009/10/17/fea04.asp|archive-date=29 June 2011}}</ref>
<!--* [[E. W. Perera]]-->
* [[Reginald Perera]] (1959–71), [[Mahajana Eksath Peramuna|MEP]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Remembering the ebullient Reggie Perera|url=http://www.island.lk/2002/11/16/satmag01.html|newspaper=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)]]|date=16 November 2002}}</ref>
* [[D. M. Rajapaksa]]
* [[Lalitha Rajapakse]] (1947–), appointed
* [[A. B. Rajendra]] (1947–), appointed{{sfn|Arumugam|1997|pp=155–156}}
<!--* [[Arthur Ranasinghe]]-->
* [[Abeyratne Ratnayaka]]
* [[Barnes Ratwatte Dissawe]] (1947-), elected
* [[Harris Leuke Ratwatte Dissawe]] (1955-), elected
* [[Razik Fareed|Abdul Rahman Abdul Razik]] (1947–1952), elected<ref name=Azeez/>
* [[Philip Rodrigo]]
* [[doctorate|Dr.]] [[V. R. Schockman]] (1947–), appointed
* [[H. de Z. Siriwardena]] (1952–), appointed
* [[Seetha Seneviratne]] (1967–)
* [[Robert Singleton-Salmon]] (1950–1951), appointed
* [[Bennet Soysa]] (1947–), elected
* [[Peri Sundaram]] (1947–), elected, [[Ceylon Indian Congress|CIC]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Thambyrajah|first=S.|title=Patriot, freedom fighter and workers' champion|url=http://www.malayaham.net/peisundram.html|publisher=Malayaha Makkal Ondriyam|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723200004/http://www.malayaham.net/peisundram.html|archive-date=23 July 2011}}</ref>
* [[John Tarbat]] (1947–), appointed
* [[M. Tiruchelvam]] (1965–71), [[Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi|Federal Party]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Jayatilaka|first=Tissa|title=An early voice for integration|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/100214/Plus/plus_22.html|newspaper=[[Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)]]|date=14 February 2010}}</ref>
* [[Heen Banda Udurawana]]<ref>[http://www.dailynews.lk/2002/12/16/fea05.html Heen Banda Udurawana Diyawadana Nilame] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019025808/http://www.dailynews.lk/2002/12/16/fea05.html |date=19 October 2012 }}. Daily News, Retrieved on 16 December 2002.</ref>
* [[Kanthiah Vaithianathan]]{{sfn|Arumugam|1997|pp=238–239}} (1952–1956), appointed
* [[Donatius Victoria]] (1947–), appointed
* [[A. F. Wijemanne]] <!-- He was Cabinet Minister of Justice from 1965 to 1970 -->
* [[Sarath Wijesinghe]], elected (1947-), elected President of the Senate (1963-)
* [[Gerard Wijeyekoon]] (1947-), appointed
* [[Edwin Wijeyeratne]] (1947–1951), appointed
* [[E. B. Wikramanayake]]
* [[G. P. Wickramarachchi]] (1947–1960), appointed
* [[T. Y. Wright]] (1947–), appointed
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web|title=CEYLON (CONSTITUTION) ORDER IN COUNCIL|url=http://www.lawnet.lk/section.php?file=http://www.lawnet.lk/docs/statutes/cey_leg_encat_1956/indexs/1956Y11V379C.html|publisher=LawNet, Government of Sri Lanka|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716190753/http://www.lawnet.lk/section.php?file=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawnet.lk%2Fdocs%2Fstatutes%2Fcey_leg_encat_1956%2Findexs%2F1956Y11V379C.html|archive-date=16 July 2010}}
* {{cite web|title=CEYLON (CONSTITUTION AND INDEPENDENCE) AMENDMENT|url=http://www.lawnet.lk/section.php?file=http://www.lawnet.lk/docs/statutes/stats_1956_2006/indexs/Vol2/1971Y0V0C36A.html|publisher=LawNet, Government of Sri Lanka|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130111194850/http://www.lawnet.lk/section.php?file=http://www.lawnet.lk/docs/statutes/stats_1956_2006/indexs/Vol2/1971Y0V0C36A.html|archive-date=11 January 2013|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite news|title=The Senate Days of Ceylon|url=http://pdfs.island.lk/2010/04/22/p12.pdf|newspaper=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)]]|date=22 April 2010}}
* {{cite book|last=Arumugam|first=S.|title=Dictionary of Biography of the Tamils of Ceylon|url=http://www.noolaham.org/wiki/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_Biography_of_the_Tamils_of_Ceylon|year=1997}}
{{refend}}
[[Category:Members of the Senate of Ceylon| ]]
| 1,279,670,366
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[]
| false
|
# Punkclub Live Grosse Freiheit in Hamburg
Punkclub Live Grosse Freiheit in Hamburg is the second live album, and the last album overall, of German band Slime. It was released in 1995.
## Track listing
1. "Schweineherbst" ("Pig Fall")
2. "Zusammen" ("Together")
3. "Alle gegen alle"
4. "Albtraum" ("Nightmare")
5. "Stillstand" ("Standstill")
6. "Feuer" ("Fire")
7. "Zu kalt" ("Too cold")
8. "Untergang" ("Downfall")
9. "Brüllen, zertümmern und weg ("yelling, crashing and away")
10. "Störtebecker"
11. "Red nicht - geh los" ("Don't talk - get it on")
12. "Ettikette tötet" ("Etiquette kills")
13. "Zweifel" ("Doubt")
14. "Seekarten" ("Nautical charts")
15. "Mensch" ("Man") hidden track: Deutschland (Germany)
16. "Gewalt" ("Violence")
17. "Wenn der Himmel brennt" ("When the sky is burning")
18. "Religion" hidden track: Polizei SA SS (Police SA SS)
19. "Der Tod ist ein Meister aus Deutschland" ("Death is a master from Germany")
|
enwiki/14355750
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enwiki
| 14,355,750
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Punkclub Live Grosse Freiheit in Hamburg
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punkclub_Live_Grosse_Freiheit_in_Hamburg
|
2023-07-01T22:26:55Z
|
en
|
Q7260421
| 20,026
|
{{Unreferenced|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Punkclub Live Grosse Freiheit in Hamburg
| type = Live
| artist = [[Slime (band)|Slime]]
| cover =Punkclub Live Grosse Freiheit in Hamburg.jpg
| alt =
| released = 1995
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Punk
| length =
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
'''''Punkclub Live [[Grosse Freiheit]] in Hamburg''''' is the second live album, and the last album overall, of [[Germany|German]] band [[Slime (band)|Slime]]. It was released in 1995.
== Track listing==
#"Schweineherbst" ("Pig Fall")
#"Zusammen" ("Together")
#"Alle gegen alle"
#"Albtraum" ("Nightmare")
#"Stillstand" ("Standstill")
#"Feuer" ("Fire")
#"Zu kalt" ("Too cold")
#"Untergang" ("Downfall")
#"Brüllen, zertümmern und weg ("yelling, crashing and away")
#"Störtebecker"
#"Red nicht - geh los" ("Don't talk - get it on")
#"Ettikette tötet" ("Etiquette kills")
#"Zweifel" ("Doubt")
#"Seekarten" ("Nautical charts")
#"Mensch" ("Man") ''hidden track'': Deutschland (Germany)
#"Gewalt" ("Violence")
#"Wenn der Himmel brennt" ("When the sky is burning")
#"Religion" ''hidden track'': Polizei SA SS (Police SA SS)
#"[[Der Tod ist ein Meister aus Deutschland]]" ("Death is a master from Germany")
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Slime (band) albums]]
[[Category:1994 live albums]]
{{1990s-punk-album-stub}}
| 1,162,921,514
|
[{"title": "Live album by Slime", "data": {"Released": "1995", "Genre": "Punk"}}]
| false
|
# Maria Alfero
Maria Alfero (1 March 1922 - 4 September 2001) was an Italian sprinter.
## Biography
She won bronze medal in the 4×100 metres relay, first medal of ever for the Italian women in a relay race, at the 1938 European Athletics Championships in Vienna, with Maria Apollonio, Rosetta Cattaneo and Italia Lucchini She has 6 caps in national team from 1938 to 1940.
## Achievements
| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Performance | Notes |
| ---- | ---------------------- | ------ | -------- | ------------- | ----------- | ----- |
| 1938 | European Championships | Vienna | 3rd | 4×100 m relay | 50.4 | [ 3 ] |
## National titles
Maria Alfero has won one time the individual national championship.
- 1 win in the 100 metres (1938)
|
enwiki/37905923
|
enwiki
| 37,905,923
|
Maria Alfero
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Alfero
|
2024-04-20T01:00:59Z
|
en
|
Q6760983
| 49,141
|
{{short description|Italian sprinter}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| headercolor =
| name =
| nickname =
| fullname =
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| nationality = [[Italia]]n
| sport = [[Athletics (sport)|Athletics]]
| event = [[Sprint (running)|Sprint]]
| club =
| collegeteam =
| birth_date = {{Birth date |df=yes|1922|3|1}}
| birth_place =
| residence =
| coach =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2001|9|4|1922|3|1}}
| death_place =
| height =
| weight =
| pb =
| country = {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italy national athletics team|Italy]]
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCompetition|[[European Athletics Championships|European Championships]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[1938 European Athletics Championships|1938 Vienna]]|[[1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|4×100 m relay]]}}
}}
'''Maria Alfero''' (1 March 1922 - 4 September 2001) was an Italian [[Sprint (running)|sprint]]er.
==Biography==
She won bronze medal in the [[4×100 metres relay]], first medal of ever for the Italian women in a relay race, at the [[1938 European Athletics Championships]] in [[Vienna]], with [[Maria Apollonio]], [[Rosetta Cattaneo]] and [[Italia Lucchini]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.albi-giochi.com/ALBI&GIOCHI/albigiochi/atletica33.htm|title=Staffetta 4x100 Metri Donne|publisher=albi-giochi.com|language=italian|accessdate=13 December 2012}}</ref> She has 6 caps in [[Italy national athletics team|national team]] from 1938 to 1940.<ref>{{cite book|title=Annuario dell'Atletica 2009|year=2009|publisher=[[Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera|FIDAL]]}}</ref>
==Achievements==
{| class="wikitable" width=55% style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
!Year !!Competition !!Venue !!Position !!Event !!Performance !!Notes
|-
| rowspan=1|1938
| rowspan=1 align=left|[[1938 European Athletics Championships|European Championships]]
| rowspan=1 align=left|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Vienna]]
| bgcolor=cc9966|3rd
| 4×100 m relay
| 50.4
| <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticsdb.com/2nd-european-athletics-championships.php|title=2nd European Athletics Championships, 1938|publisher=athleticsdb.com|accessdate=12 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313104259/http://athleticsdb.com/2nd-european-athletics-championships.php|archive-date=13 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}
==National titles==
Maria Alfero has won one time the individual [[Italian Athletics Championships|national championship]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportolimpico.it/attachments/article/224/CAMPIONI%20ITALIANI_DONNE.pdf |title="CAMPIONATI "ASSOLUTI" ITALIANE SUL PODIO TRICOLORE – 1923 2012 |publisher=sportolimpico.it |accessdate=12 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224062428/http://www.sportolimpico.it/attachments/article/224/CAMPIONI%20ITALIANI_DONNE.pdf |archivedate=24 December 2012 }}</ref>
*'''1 win''' in the [[100 metres]] (1938)
==See also==
* [[Italy national relays team at the international athletics championships|Italy national relay team]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://www.the-sports.org/maria-alfero-athletics-spf641689.html Maria Alfero] at TheSports.org
{{Italian Athletics Champions in women's 100 m}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alfero, Maria}}
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:Italian female sprinters]]
[[Category:European Athletics Championships medalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Italian Athletics Championships winners]]
| 1,219,819,281
|
[{"title": "Maria Alfero", "data": {"Nationality": "Italian", "Born": "1 March 1922", "Died": "4 September 2001 (aged 79)"}}, {"title": "Sport", "data": {"Country": "Italy", "Sport": "Athletics", "Event": "Sprint"}}, {"title": "European Championships", "data": {"Bronze medal \u2013 third place": "1938 Vienna \u00b7 4\u00d7100 m relay"}}]
| false
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# Louis Finot (footballer)
Louis Finot (8 July 1909 in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés – 14 February 1996) was a French footballer who played as a winger. He played for France between 1930 and 1934, earning seven international caps. He was a French league champion with FC Sochaux.
|
enwiki/7144416
|
enwiki
| 7,144,416
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Louis Finot (footballer)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Finot_(footballer)
|
2025-02-26T17:34:28Z
|
en
|
Q3261895
| 17,716
|
{{short description|French footballer (1909-1996)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
'''Louis Finot''' (8 July 1909 in [[Saint-Maur-des-Fossés]] – 14 February 1996)<ref name="nft">{{NFT|43737|name=Louis Finot}}</ref> was a French [[association football|footballer]] who played as a [[winger (association football)|winger]]. He played for [[France national football team|France]] between 1930 and 1934, earning seven international caps.<ref name="nft"/> He was a [[List of French football champions|French league champion]] with [[FC Sochaux]].
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{FFF|7654-finot-louis}}
* {{FFF male|395}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Finot, Louis}}
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Saint-Maur-des-Fossés]]
[[Category:Men's association football wingers]]
[[Category:French men's footballers]]
[[Category:France men's international footballers]]
[[Category:FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players]]
[[Category:Stade Rennais FC players]]
[[Category:Stade de Reims players]]
[[Category:OGC Nice players]]
[[Category:Racing Club de France Football players]]
[[Category:Amiens SC players]]
[[Category:Red Star FC players]]
[[Category:CA Paris-Charenton players]]
[[Category:French football managers]]
[[Category:Amiens SC managers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Val-de-Marne]]
[[Category:20th-century French sportsmen]]
{{France-footy-midfielder-1900s-stub}}
| 1,277,778,779
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[]
| false
|
# Postage stamps and postal history of Trinidad and Tobago
This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Trinidad and Tobago.
Trinidad and Tobago lies northeast of Venezuela and south of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles. Trinidad and Tobago was a Spanish colony from the times of Christopher Columbus to 1802, when it was ceded to Britain. The country obtained independence in 1962.
## Lady McLeod stamps
The first stamps of Trinidad were the famous Lady McLeod, a private local post, stamps of 1847.
## First Trinidad stamps
The first definitives for Trinidad were issued in 1851.
## Tobago stamps
Tobago used stamps of Trinidad from 1860. Stamps of Tobago were not issued until 1879. Tobago again used stamps of Trinidad from 1896.
## Trinidad and Tobago issues
Stamps inscribed "Trinidad & Tobago" were first issued in 1913 after the integration of the postal administrations of Trinidad and Tobago.
## Independence
Trinidad and Tobago issued stamps as an independence state on 31 August 1962.
|
enwiki/26921120
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enwiki
| 26,921,120
|
Postage stamps and postal history of Trinidad and Tobago
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago
|
2024-09-18T12:40:44Z
|
en
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Q7233919
| 94,284
|
{{short description|none}}
[[File:Trinidad and Tobago-1962-5c.jpg|thumb|]]
This is a survey of the '''[[postage stamps]] and [[postal history]] of [[Trinidad and Tobago]]'''.
Trinidad and Tobago lies northeast of [[Venezuela]] and south of [[Grenada]] in the [[Lesser Antilles]]. Trinidad and Tobago was a [[Spanish Empire|Spanish colony]] from the times of [[Christopher Columbus]] to 1802, when it was ceded to [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. The country obtained independence in 1962.
== Lady McLeod stamps ==
[[File:Ladymcleod.jpg|150px|right|thumb|An 1847 Lady McLeod stamp]]
The first stamps of Trinidad were the famous [[Lady McLeod]], a [[Local post|private local post]], stamps of 1847.
== First Trinidad stamps ==
[[File:Trinidad1851scott3a.jpg|150px|left|thumb|An 1851 [[key type stamp]] of Trinidad]]
The first definitives for Trinidad were issued in 1851.
== Tobago stamps ==
[[File:Trinidad 1879-1s.jpg|150px|left|thumb|An 1879 stamp of Tobago]]
Tobago used stamps of Trinidad from 1860. Stamps of Tobago were not issued until 1879.<ref name=sgpt1>''Stanley Gibbons Stamp Catalogue: Commonwealth and British Empire Stamps 1840-1970''. 110th edition. London: [[Stanley Gibbons]], 2008, pp.588-594. {{ISBN|0-85259-653-7}}</ref> Tobago again used stamps of Trinidad from 1896.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stampworldhistory.com/country-profiles-2/americas/tobago/ |title= Tobago | Stamps and postal history | StampWorldHistory|website= |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180303055444/http://www.stampworldhistory.com/country-profiles-2/americas/tobago/|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-date= 2018-03-03}}{{title missing|date=May 2022}}</ref>
== Trinidad and Tobago issues ==
Stamps inscribed "Trinidad & Tobago" were first issued in 1913 after the integration of the postal administrations of Trinidad and Tobago.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stampworldhistory.com/country-profiles-2/americas/trinidad-tobago/ |title= Trinidad & Tobago | Stamps and postal history | StampWorldHistory|website= |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180303052048/http://www.stampworldhistory.com/country-profiles-2/americas/trinidad-tobago/|access-date=12 August 2018|archive-date= 2018-03-03}}{{title missing|date=May 2022}}</ref>
== Independence ==
{{multiple image
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = Trinidad Tobago 1896issue 1914used-1lb.jpg
| caption1 = An 1896 Trinidad stamp
| image2 = Trinidad Tobago 1914issue-5s.jpg
| caption2 = A 1914 five shilling stamp of Trinidad & Tobago
}}
Trinidad and Tobago issued stamps as an independence state on 31 August 1962.
== See also ==
*[[Revenue stamps of Trinidad and Tobago]]
== References ==
<references/>
== Further reading ==
* Aleong, Joe Chin and Edward B. Proud. ''The Postal History of Trinidad & Tobago.'' Heathfield: Proud-Bailey Co., 1997, 520 pages, {{ISBN|1872465242}}
* Ford, Peter C., Charles Freeland and Edward Barrow. ''Tobago: The Philatelic Story of a Small Island.'' Javea, Alicante: [[British West Indies Study Circle]], 2014, 150 pages, {{ISBN|9781907481079}}
*[[John Marriott (philatelist)|Marriott, John B]], Michael Medlicott and Reuben A. Ramkissoon. ''Trinidad: A Philatelic History to 1913.'' Alicante: [[British West Indies Study Circle]] in conjunction with the British Caribbean Philatelic Study Group, 2010, 359 pages, {{ISBN|9781095065358}}
* Wike, R.G. ''Airmails of Trinidad and Tobago.'' Congleton: [[British West Indies Study Circle]], 1999, 214 pages, {{ISBN|0950653594}}
==External links==
* [https://archive.today/20130205055104/http://www.tradewinds-co.com/ttpp/index.html The Trinidad and Tobago Philatelic Page]
{{commonscat|Stamps of Trinidad and Tobago}}
{{PostalhistoryAmericas}}
{{Caribbean topic|Postage stamps and postal history of}}
[[Category:Postal system of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Philately of Trinidad and Tobago]]
{{philately-stub}}
| 1,246,352,666
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[]
| false
|
# Naka-Namerikawa Station
Naka-Namerikawa Station (中滑川駅, Naka-Namerikawa-eki) is a railway station in the city of Namerikawa, Toyama, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Toyama Chihō Railway.
## Lines
Naka-Namerikawa Station is served by the Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line, and is 20.6 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Dentetsu-Toyama.
## Station layout
The station has one ground-level island platform serving two tracks, connected to the wooden station building by a level crossing. The station is staffed on weekdays.
### Platforms
| 1 | ■ Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line | for Dentetsu Toyama |
| 2 | ■ Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line | for Dentetsu-Uozu and Unazuki-Onsen |
## History
Naka-Namerikawa Station was opened on 28 February 1914.
## Adjacent stations
| « | « | Service | » | » |
| Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line | Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line | Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line | Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line | Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------ |
| Kamiichi | | Limited Express | | Dentetsu-Uozu |
| Naka-Kazumi | | Rapid Express | | Namerikawa |
| Naka-Kazumi | | Express | | Namerikawa |
| Nishi-Namerikawa | | Local | | Namerikawa |
## Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2015, the station was used by 770 passengers daily.
## Surrounding area
- Namerikawa City Hall
- Namerikawa Post Office
|
enwiki/18796605
|
enwiki
| 18,796,605
|
Naka-Namerikawa Station
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naka-Namerikawa_Station
|
2025-01-21T19:24:15Z
|
en
|
Q6960089
| 57,126
|
{{short description|Railway station in Namerikawa, Toyama Prefecture, Japan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Naka-Namerikawa Station
| native_name = 中滑川駅
| native_name_lang = ja
| type =
| image = 中滑川駅.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Naka-Namerikawa Station in March 2009
| other_name =
| address = 39 Tanaka Shinmachi, Namerikawa-shi, Toyama-ken 936-0056
| country = Japan
| coordinates = {{Coord|36.7621|N|137.3399|E|type:railwaystation_region:JP|display=inline, title}}
| operator = [[file:Toyama Chiho Railway logo.jpg|18px]] [[Toyama Chihō Railway]]
| line = {{Colorbull|#c36}} [[Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line]]
| distance = 20.6 from {{STN|Dentetsu-Toyama|x}}
| platforms = 1 island platform
| tracks = 2
| connections =
| structure =
| code =
| status = Staffed
| website = {{Official website|1=http://www.chitetsu.co.jp/?station_info=中滑川駅}}
| opened = 28 February 1914
| rebuilt =
| closed =
| former =
| passengers = 770
| pass_year = FY2015
| map_type = Japan
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Naka-Namerikawa Station'''|中滑川駅|Naka-Namerikawa-eki}} is a railway station in the city of [[Namerikawa, Toyama]], Japan, operated by the [[private railway]] operator [[Toyama Chihō Railway]].
==Lines==
Naka-Namerikawa Station is served by the [[Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line]], and is 20.6 kilometers from the starting point of the line at {{STN|Dentetsu-Toyama|x}}.
== Station layout ==
The station has one ground-level [[island platform]] serving two tracks, connected to the wooden station building by a level crossing. The station is staffed on weekdays.
===Platforms===
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=1|first=2|name= Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line|linecol=#c36|lwidth=300|dir=for {{STN|Dentetsu Toyama|x}}}}
{{ja-rail-line|pfn=2|first=3|nidx= Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line|linecol=#c36|dir=for {{STN|Dentetsu-Uozu|x}} and {{STN|Unazuki-Onsen|x}}}}
==History==
Naka-Namerikawa Station was opened on 28 February 1914.
==Adjacent stations==
{{J-railservice start}}
{{J-route|route=Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line|f=w|col=#c36}}
{{J-rserv|service=Limited Express|previous={{STN|Kamiichi|x}}|next={{STN|Dentetsu-Uozu|x}}|col=red|f=b}}
{{J-rserv|service=Rapid Express|previous={{STN|Naka-Kazumi|x}}|next={{STN|Namerikawa|x}}|col=orange||f=b}}
{{J-rserv|service=Express|previous=Naka-Kazumi|next=Namerikawa|col=green|f=b}}
{{J-rserv|service=Local|previous={{STN|Nishi-Namerikawa|x}}|next=Namerikawa|col=blue|f=b}}
{{S-end}}
==Passenger statistics==
In fiscal 2015, the station was used by 770 passengers daily.<ref name="toyama2015Bstats">{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.toyama.jp/sections/1015/lib/almanac/almanac_27/_10/index.html|script-title=ja: 私鉄主要駅旅客輸送状況（1日平均））|trans-title=|year= 2016|publisher= Toyama Prefectural Office|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= 6 June 2017}}</ref>
== Surrounding area ==
*Namerikawa City Hall
*Namerikawa Post Office
==See also==
* [[List of railway stations in Japan]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|1=http://www.chitetsu.co.jp/?station_info=中滑川駅}}
{{Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line}}
[[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1914]]
[[Category:Stations of Toyama Chihō Railway]]
[[Category:Namerikawa, Toyama]]
{{Toyama-railstation-stub}}
| 1,270,894,449
|
[{"title": "General information", "data": {"Location": "39 Tanaka Shinmachi, Namerikawa-shi, Toyama-ken 936-0056 \u00b7 Japan", "Coordinates": "36\u00b045\u203244\u2033N 137\u00b020\u203224\u2033E\ufeff / \ufeff36.7621\u00b0N 137.3399\u00b0E", "Operated by": "Toyama Chih\u014d Railway", "Line(s)": "\u25a0 Toyama Chih\u014d Railway Main Line", "Distance": "20.6 from Dentetsu-Toyama", "Platforms": "1 island platform", "Tracks": "2"}}, {"title": "Other information", "data": {"Status": "Staffed", "Website": "Official website"}}, {"title": "History", "data": {"Opened": "28 February 1914"}}, {"title": "Passengers", "data": {"FY2015": "770"}}]
| false
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# Lower Saxony Order of Merit
The Lower Saxony Order of Merit (German: Niedersächsischer Verdienstorden) is a civil order of merit, of the German State of Lower Saxony. The order was established 27 March 1961. The order is presented in three classes, the highest is the Grand Cross of Merit (Großes Verdienstkreuz), the next is the Cross of Merit First Class (Verdienstkreuz 1. Klasse), and the lowest is the Cross of Merit on Ribbon (Verdienstkreuz am Bande).
|
enwiki/35477892
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enwiki
| 35,477,892
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Lower Saxony Order of Merit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Saxony_Order_of_Merit
|
2024-10-28T00:05:09Z
|
en
|
Q94098
| 38,382
|
{{infobox military award
| name = Lower Saxony Order of Merit
| image = Niedersächsischer Verdienstorden Verdienstkreuz am Bande.jpg
| caption =
| presenter = the [[List of Ministers-President of Lower Saxony|Minister-President of Lower Saxony]]
| country = [[Germany]]
| type = Civil order of merit
| eligibility =
| awarded_for = Outstanding contributions to the state of Lower Saxony<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.state-chancellery.niedersachsen.de/portal/live.php?navigation_id=5796&article_id=16156&_psmand=1003 |title=State awards and honours in Lower Saxony |publisher=State-chancellery.niedersachsen.de |date= |accessdate=13 April 2012}}</ref>
| campaign =
| status =
| description =
| motto =
| clasps =
| post-nominals =
| established = 27 March 1961
| firstawarded =
| lastawarded =
| total_awarded =
| total_awarded_posthumously =
| total_recipients =
| precedence_label =
| individual =
| higher = [[Lower Saxony State Medal]] (Niedersächsische Landesmedaille)
| same =
| lower =
| related =
| image2 = DE-NI Der Niedersächsische Verdienstorden (Bande) BAR.png
| image2_size = 100px
| caption2 = Ribbon bar of the order
}}
The '''Lower Saxony Order of Merit''' ({{langx|de|Niedersächsischer Verdienstorden}}) is a civil [[Order (honour)|order of merit]], of the [[Germany|German]] [[States of Germany|State]] of [[Lower Saxony]]. The order was established 27 March 1961.<ref>{{cite web|title=Beschluss des Niedersächsischen Landesministeriums über die Stiftung des Niedersächsischen Verdienstordens|url=http://www.stk.niedersachsen.de/download/2281/Beschluss_ueber_die_Stiftung_des_Nds_Verdienstordens.pdf|publisher=Das Niedersächsische Landesministerium|accessdate=13 April 2012|language=German}}</ref> The order is presented in three classes, the highest is the Grand Cross of Merit (Großes Verdienstkreuz), the next is the Cross of Merit First Class (Verdienstkreuz 1. Klasse), and the lowest is the Cross of Merit on Ribbon (Verdienstkreuz am Bande).<ref name=Staatskanzlei>{{cite web|title=Staatliche Auszeichnungen und Ehrungen|url=http://www.stk.niedersachsen.de/portal/live.php?navigation_id=1138&article_id=2730&_psmand=6|work=stk.niedersachsen.de/portal/|publisher=Niedersachsen Staatskanzlei|accessdate=13 April 2012|language=German}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Orders of merit of Germany}}
[[Category:Awards established in 1961|Lower Saxony]]
[[Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of the states of Germany|Lower Saxony]]
[[Category:Culture of Lower Saxony]]
[[Category:1961 establishments in West Germany]]
{{Germany-culture-stub}}
{{Odm-stub}}
| 1,253,802,745
|
[{"title": "Lower Saxony Order of Merit", "data": {"Type": "Civil order of merit", "Awarded for": "Outstanding contributions to the state of Lower Saxony", "Country": "Germany", "Presented by": "the Minister-President of Lower Saxony", "Established": "27 March 1961"}}, {"title": "Precedence", "data": {"Next (higher)": "Lower Saxony State Medal (Nieders\u00e4chsische Landesmedaille)"}}]
| false
|
# Lon R. Shelby
Lonnie Royce (Lon. R.) Shelby (August 2, 1935 - April 8, 2018) was an American academic, and Professor Emeritus of Speech Communication and former Dean of the College of Liberal Arts at the Southern Illinois University. He is known for his work on Mediaeval architects and design, especially on the work of Lorenz Lechler, Mathes Roriczer, Hanns Schmuttermayer, Taccola and Villard de Honnecourt. He is also known for coining the term constructive geometry.
## Biography
Born in Texas as son of Mr. and Mrs. C.L. Shelby, Shelby attended Irving High School, and obtained his BA in History, his MA from Vanderbilt University, and his PhD from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1962 with the thesis, entitled "The technical supervision of masonry construction in medieval England."
After graduation Shelby started his academic career at the Southern Illinois University, where he served his whole career. He started as lecturer in history, became assistant professor of history in 1963, associate professor in history in 1966, and associate dean of the Graduate School in 1968, and eventually Professor of Sociology.
After his retirement in the new millennium he was appointed Professor Emeritus of Speech Communication at the Southern Illinois University.
## Work
### The geometrical knowledge of mediaeval master masons,1972
In the 1972 article "The geometrical knowledge of mediaeval master masons," Shelby reconstructed the knowledge of practical geometry in the realm of the mason. About the motivation of this study Shelby (1972) explained that:
"...during the past one hundred and fifty years numerous scholars have searched for the geometrical canons which supposedly were used by master masons in the design and construction of mediaeval churches. But in this search for one of the keys to an understanding of mediaeval architecture, these scholars have seldom asked themselves what was the actual character and content of the geometrical knowledge which a mediaeval master mason might have been expected to possess?"
In his paper Shelby attempted to answer this particular question. After reconsidering the normal kind of education in those days with the trivium and quadrivium, Shelby suggested, that it appears, that medieval master masons didn't receive their geometrical knowledge from formal schooling but from oral tradition. This tradition, however, disappeared at the close of the Gothic building in Europe in the 14th century with the dying of the oral tradition in general. Instead little books on the technical aspects of building emerged in the late Middle Ages. Also medieval scholars had an interest in practical geometry, and shared their thoughts on this topic in numerous treatises.
After comparison geometrical works and classical geometry of Euclid and Archimedes Shelby finds hardly any resemblance. According to Shelby (1972):
"Mathematically speaking, it was simple in the extreme; once it is recognized that there was virtually no Euclidean-type reasoning involved, the way is cleared for understanding the kind of geometrical thinking which the masons did employ. This non-mathematical technique I have labelled constructive geometry, to indicate the masons’ concern with the construction and manipulation of geometrical forms. It becomes evident that the “art of geometry” for mediaeval masons meant the ability to perceive design and building problems in terms of a few basic geometrical figures which could be manipulated through a series of carefully prescribed steps to produce the points, lines and curves needed for the solution of the problems. Since these problems ranged across the entire spectrum of the work of the masons — stereotomy, statics, proportion, architectural design and drawings — the search by modern scholars for the geometrical canons of mediaeval architecture is appropriate enough, so long as we keep clearly in mind the kind of geometry that was actually used by the masons. The nature of that geometry suggests that these canons, when recovered, will not be universal laws which will at last provide the key to mediaeval architecture; rather, they will be particular procedures used by particular master masons at particular times and places."
## Reception
In the Arts of the Medieval Cathedrals Nolan and Sandron (2016) credited Shelby's translations and commentaries on early medieval works on construction, stating:
"Many scholars have discussed these booklets over the years, but Lon R. Shelby's translation and commentaries remain the primary source to this day..."
## Selected publications
- Shelby, Lonnie Royce, The technical supervision of masonry construction in medieval England, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1962.
- Shelby, Lonnie Royce, John Rogers: Tudor military engineer, 1967.
- Shelby, Lonnie Royce, Gothic design techniques : the fifteenth-century design booklets of Mathes Roriczer and Hanns Schmuttermayer, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1977.
Articles, a selection
- Shelby, Lon R. "The role of the master mason in mediaeval English building." Speculum 39.3 (1964): 387-403.
- Shelby, Lon R. "Medieval Masons' Tools. II. Compass and Square." Technology and culture 6.2 (1965): 236-248.
- Lon R. Shelby. "Mediaeval Masons' Templates," Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 30 No. 2, May, 1971; (pp. 140-154)
- Shelby, Lon R. "The geometrical knowledge of mediaeval master masons." Speculum 47.3 (1972): 395-421.
- Lon R. Shelby, "Mariano Taccola and His Books on Engines and Machines", Technology and Culture, Vol. 16, No. 3. (Jul., 1975), pp. 466–475
- Barnes, Carl F., and Lon R. Shelby. "The Codicology of the Portfolio of Villard de Honnecourt (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS FR. 19093)." Scriptorium 42.1 (1988): 20-48.
|
enwiki/54201277
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| 54,201,277
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Lon R. Shelby
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lon_R._Shelby
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2022-05-26T09:45:26Z
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en
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Q30105636
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{{ infobox scientist
| name = Lonnie Royce Shelby
| birth_date = {{birth date|1935|8|2}}
| birth_place = [[Texas]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|4|8|1935|8|2}}
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
| fields = [[Speech Communication]], [[History of Technology]]
| alma_mater = [[Southern Illinois University]], [[Vanderbilt University]]
}}
'''Lonnie Royce (Lon. R.) Shelby''' (August 2, 1935 - April 8, 2018)<ref>{{cite web |title=Obituary |url=https://www.pollockbest.com/obituary/lonnie-shelby |website=Pollock Best |access-date=12 June 2021}}</ref> was an American [[academic]], and Professor Emeritus of [[Speech Communication]] and former Dean of the College of Liberal Arts at the [[Southern Illinois University]]. He is known for his work on Mediaeval architects and design,<ref>Whitney, Elspeth. "Paradise restored. The mechanical arts from antiquity through the thirteenth century." ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'' 80.1 (1990): 1-169.</ref><ref>Gies, Joseph. ''Cathedral, Forge and Waterwheel.'' Harper Collins, 1995.</ref> especially on the work of [[Lorenz Lechler]], [[Mathes Roriczer]], Hanns Schmuttermayer, [[Taccola]] and [[Villard de Honnecourt]]. He is also known for coining the term ''constructive geometry.''<ref>Stephen K. Victor, American Philosophical Society. ''Practical geometry in the high middle ages: artis cuiuslibet consummatio and the pratike de geometrie,'' 1979. p. 68</ref><ref>Wolfgang Lefèvre (2004), ''Picturing Machines 1400-1700.'' p. 242</ref>
== Biography ==
Born in [[Texas]] as son of Mr. and Mrs. C.L. Shelby, Shelby attended Irving High School, and obtained his BA in History,<ref>''The Irving Daily News Texan from Irving,'' Texas on June 3, 1962.</ref> his MA from [[Vanderbilt University]], and his PhD from the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] in 1962 with the thesis, entitled "The technical supervision of masonry construction in medieval England."
After graduation Shelby started his academic career at the [[Southern Illinois University]], where he served his whole career. He started as lecturer in history, became assistant professor of history in 1963, associate professor in history in 1966, and associate dean of the Graduate School in 1968, and eventually Professor of [[Sociology]].
After his retirement in the new millennium he was appointed [[Professor Emeritus]] of [[Speech Communication]] at the Southern Illinois University.
== Work ==
=== ''The geometrical knowledge of mediaeval master masons,'' 1972 ===
In the 1972 article "The geometrical knowledge of mediaeval master masons," Shelby reconstructed the knowledge of [[Geometry#Applications|practical geometry]] in the realm of the [[Stone mason|mason]].<ref>Glen, Elizabeth Jane. ''[https://archive.org/details/transmissionofme00glen The transmission of medieval mathematics and the origins of gothic architecture].'' Sweet Briar College, 2005. p. 20</ref> About the motivation of this study Shelby (1972) explained that:
[[File:Villard de Honnecourt.djvu|page=40|thumb|Techniques of surveying, [[Villard de Honnecourt]], 1230-35.]]
:"...during the past one hundred and fifty years numerous scholars have searched for the geometrical canons which supposedly were used by master masons in the design and construction of [[Church_(building)#Medieval_times|mediaeval churches]]. But in this search for one of the keys to an understanding of [[mediaeval architecture]], these scholars have seldom asked themselves what was the actual character and content of the geometrical knowledge which a mediaeval master mason might have been expected to possess?"<ref>Shelby (1972, 395)</ref>
In his paper Shelby attempted to answer this particular question. After reconsidering the normal kind of education in those days with the [[trivium]] and [[quadrivium]], Shelby suggested, that it appears, that medieval master masons didn't receive their geometrical knowledge from formal schooling but from oral tradition.<ref>Shelby (1972, 398)</ref> This tradition, however, disappeared at the close of the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic building]] in Europe in the 14th century with the dying of the oral tradition in general. Instead little books on the technical aspects of building emerged in the late Middle Ages. Also [[Medieval university|medieval scholars]] had an interest in practical geometry, and shared their thoughts on this topic in numerous treatises.<ref>Shelby (1972, 399)</ref>
After comparison geometrical works and classical geometry of [[Euclid]] and [[Archimedes]] Shelby finds hardly any resemblance. According to Shelby (1972):
:"Mathematically speaking, it was simple in the extreme; once it is recognized that there was virtually no Euclidean-type reasoning involved, the way is cleared for understanding the kind of geometrical thinking which the masons did employ. This non-mathematical technique I have labelled [[constructive geometry]], to indicate the masons’ concern with the construction and manipulation of geometrical forms. It becomes evident that the “art of geometry” for mediaeval masons meant the ability to perceive design and building problems in terms of a few basic geometrical figures which could be manipulated through a series of carefully prescribed steps to produce the points, lines and curves needed for the solution of the problems. Since these problems ranged across the entire spectrum of the work of the masons — [[stereotomy]], [[statics]], proportion, architectural design and [[architectural drawing|drawings]] — the search by modern scholars for the geometrical canons of [[mediaeval architecture]] is appropriate enough, so long as we keep clearly in mind the kind of geometry that was actually used by the masons. The nature of that geometry suggests that these canons, when recovered, will not be universal laws which will at last provide ''the key'' to mediaeval architecture; rather, they will be particular procedures used by particular master masons at particular times and places."<ref>Shelby (1972, 420-421)</ref>
== Reception ==
In the ''Arts of the Medieval Cathedrals'' Nolan and Sandron (2016) credited Shelby's translations and commentaries on early medieval works on construction, stating:
:"Many scholars have discussed these booklets over the years, but Lon R. Shelby's translation and commentaries remain the primary source to this day..."<ref>Kathleen Nolan, Dany Sandron (2016), ''Arts of the Medieval Cathedrals: Studies on Architecture, Stained Glass and Sculpture in Honor of Anne Prache.'' p. 122</ref>
== Selected publications ==
* Shelby, Lonnie Royce, ''The technical supervision of masonry construction in medieval England,'' University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1962.
* Shelby, Lonnie Royce, ''John Rogers: Tudor military engineer,'' 1967.
* Shelby, Lonnie Royce, ''Gothic design techniques : the fifteenth-century design booklets of Mathes Roriczer and Hanns Schmuttermayer,'' Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1977.
;Articles, a selection
* Shelby, Lon R. "The role of the master mason in mediaeval English building." ''[[Speculum (journal)|Speculum]]'' 39.3 (1964): 387-403.
* Shelby, Lon R. "[http://www.designspeculum.com/Historyweb/shelby%20medieval%20masons%20tools%20II.pdf Medieval Masons' Tools. II. Compass and Square]." ''[[Technology and culture]]'' 6.2 (1965): 236-248.
* Lon R. Shelby. "Mediaeval Masons' Templates," ''[[Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians]]'', Vol. 30 No. 2, May, 1971; (pp. 140-154)
* Shelby, Lon R. "[http://designspeculum.com/Historyweb/shelby%20-%20geometry.pdf The geometrical knowledge of mediaeval master masons]." ''Speculum'' 47.3 (1972): 395-421.
* Lon R. Shelby, "Mariano Taccola and His Books on Engines and Machines", ''Technology and Culture'', Vol. 16, No. 3. (Jul., 1975), pp. 466–475
* Barnes, Carl F., and Lon R. Shelby. "[http://www.persee.fr/doc/scrip_0036-9772_1988_num_42_1_2002 The Codicology of the Portfolio of Villard de Honnecourt (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS FR. 19093)]." ''Scriptorium'' 42.1 (1988): 20-48.
==References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shelby, Lon R.}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:American mass media scholars]]
[[Category:Vanderbilt University alumni]]
[[Category:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni]]
[[Category:Southern Illinois University faculty]]
[[Category:People from Texas]]
| 1,089,914,825
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[{"title": "Lonnie Royce Shelby", "data": {"Born": "August 2, 1935 \u00b7 Texas", "Died": "April 8, 2018 (aged 82)", "Nationality": "American", "Alma mater": "Southern Illinois University, Vanderbilt University", "Fields": "Speech Communication, History of Technology"}}]
| false
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# Leontius of Byzantium
Leontius of Byzantium (Greek: Λεόντιος, 485–543) was a Byzantine Christian monk and the author of an influential series of theological writings on sixth-century Christological controversies. Though the details of his life are scarce, he is considered by some a groundbreaking innovator in Christian theological reflection for having introduced Aristotelian definitions into theology.
## Problems of identification
The identity of Leontius has been a matter of controversy for scholars. For many years he was considered to be the same person as Leontius of Jerusalem, but now a clear identification may be made between the two. The first scholar to identify and challenge the ambiguity of the writings that come down to us under the name of "Leontius" was Friedrich Loofs in 1887, arguing for a single author of the corpus leontianum.: 231 That hypothesis influenced scholarship until the publication of Marcel Richard's 1944 article Léonce de Jérusalem et Léonce de Byzance, which aimed to distinguish two figures among the works which had formerly been attributed to a single person. Since the publication of that article, Richard's conclusions have been accepted by all scholars writing about Leontius.: 637
The attribution of various works to one or the other Leontius is widely accepted. Richard identified Leontius of Jerusalem as the author of Contra Monophysitas and Contra Nestorianos, while assigning to Leontius of Byzantium the three books Contra Nestorianos et Eutychianos, the treatise against Severus of Antioch known as Epilysis, and the Triginta capita contra Severum.: 231 Leontius of Byzantium is also considered the author of the Dialogue against the Aphthartodocetists,: 243 and possibly other works as well.
## Biography
Current scholarship identifies Leontius of Byzantium as the Leontius mentioned in documents from the reign of Justinian (527–565) and in the biographies of the sixth-century ascetics written by Cyril of Scythopolis,: 6–7 though the latter identification has been challenged.
Based on the works that are currently attributed to him, certain determinations about his biography can be made. He was, perhaps, born at Constantinople, which accounts for his being identified as from Byzantium. He has been given the epithets Hierosolymitanus ("of Jerusalem", due to a possible connection with the Lavra of St. Saba) and Scholasticus (because he is considered to be the first "schoolman," as the introducer of the Aristotelian definitions into theology, though according to others, this name refers to his having been an advocate, a special meaning of the word scholasticus). He himself states that in his early years he belonged to a Nestorian community. For a time, it seems he was also a member of the so-called community of "Scythian monks."
According to Cyril's Vita Sabae, Leontius was a monk of the Lavra of St. Saba near Jerusalem, a disciple of Nonnus of Edessa and one of the leaders of the Origenist party on Palestine.: 7 In 531 he accompanied Saba to Constantinople, where he was condemned for his Origenist views.: 7 Brian Daley, however, considers this association very tenuous, both for historical reasons and because the text of the corpus leontianum does not seem to contain Origenist views.: 8
## Theology
Attributable to Leontius we have five polemical writings in defense of the dogma of Chalcedon, a collection of writings referred to as the corpus leontianum.: 5 From this body of writings it may be inferred that Leontius was a monk, ascetic, and hermit.: 6 From the introduction of his third treatise Against the Nestorians we learn that as a young man, he was a member of the circle of Diodorus of Tarsus and Theodore of Mopsuestia.: 6
Leontius is best known for the theory of the enhypostasia (ἐνυποστασία) of the human nature of Christ in the divine hypostasis of the Logos.: 5 According to Carlo Dell'Osso, the first scholar to translate his writings into a modern language, his theology is dominated by the theme of diphysitism (a reaction to the heretical doctrine of monophysitism), which is an affirmation of the permanence and distinction of the two natures of Christ — divine and human — after the Incarnation, a condition which Leontius identified as hypostatic union.
## Works
The works that comprise the corpus leontianum are the following; they are contained in the Patrologia Graeca, volume 86.: 8 The first complete critical edition of these works was prepared by Brian Daley and published in 2017.
- Contra Nestorianos et Eutychianos, against the two extreme positions of Eutychianism and Nestorianism
- Dialogue against the Aphthartodocetists, against those who Aphthartodocetism of Christ's human nature
- Contra Nestorianos, another work against the followers of Theodore of Mopsuestia
- Epilysis, also called Solutio argumentorum a Severo obiectorum, a work against the arguments of Severus of Antioch
- Epaporemata, also called Triginta capita contra Severum, another work against Severus
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Q601998
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{{Short description|Byzantine Christian monk and author}}
{{dmy|date=May 2024}}
{{Other uses|Saint Leontius (disambiguation){{!}}Saint Leontius}}
'''Leontius of Byzantium''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Λεόντιος, 485–543) was a [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] [[Christianity|Christian]] monk and the author of an influential series of theological writings on sixth-century [[Christology|Christological]] controversies. Though the details of his life are scarce, he is considered by some a groundbreaking innovator in Christian theological reflection for having introduced [[Aristotle|Aristotelian]] definitions into [[theology]].
==Problems of identification==
{{see also|Leontius of Jerusalem}}
The identity of Leontius has been a matter of controversy for scholars.<ref name="dellosso">{{cite book | title = Leonzio di Bisanzio: Le Opere | editor-first = Carlo | editor-last = Dell'Osso | publisher = Città Nuova | year = 2001 | location = Rome | isbn = 8831131613 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LNw2kaBuqlgC| language = Italian}}</ref> For many years he was considered to be the same person as [[Leontius of Jerusalem]], but now a clear identification may be made between the two. The first scholar to identify and challenge the ambiguity of the writings that come down to us under the name of "Leontius" was Friedrich Loofs in 1887, arguing for a single author of the ''corpus leontianum''.<ref name="dellossoaug">{{cite journal | first = Carlo | last= Dell'Osso | journal = Augustinianum | volume = 46 | year = 2006 | title = Leonzio di Bisanzio e Leonzio di Gerusalemme: Una Chiara Distinzione | pages = 231–259 | issue=1 | doi= 10.5840/agstm200646114 | language = Italian}}</ref>{{rp|231}} That hypothesis influenced scholarship until the publication of Marcel Richard's 1944 article ''Léonce de Jérusalem et Léonce de Byzance,'' which aimed to distinguish two figures among the works which had formerly been attributed to a single person.<ref name="richard">{{cite journal | first = Marcel | last= Richard | title = Léonce de Jérusalem et Léonce de Byzance | journal = Mélanges de Science Religieuse | volume = 1 | year = 1944 | pages = 35–88 | language = French}}</ref> Since the publication of that article, Richard's conclusions have been accepted by all scholars writing about Leontius.<ref name="dkraus">{{cite journal | first = Dirk | last = Krausmüller | title = Leontius of Jerusalem, a Theologian of the Seventh Century | journal = Journal of Theological Studies | volume = 52 | year = 2001 | issue = 2 | pages = 637–657| doi = 10.1093/jts/52.2.637 }}</ref>{{rp|637}}
The attribution of various works to one or the other Leontius is widely accepted. Richard identified Leontius of Jerusalem as the author of ''Contra Monophysitas'' and ''Contra Nestorianos'', while assigning to Leontius of Byzantium the three books ''Contra Nestorianos et Eutychianos'', the treatise against [[Severus of Antioch]] known as ''Epilysis'', and the ''Triginta capita contra Severum''.<ref name="dellossoaug"/>{{rp|231}} Leontius of Byzantium is also considered the author of the ''Dialogue against the Aphthartodocetists'',<ref name="dellossoaug"/>{{rp|243}} and possibly other works as well.
==Biography==
Current scholarship identifies Leontius of Byzantium as the Leontius mentioned in documents from the reign of [[Justinian]] (527–565) and in the biographies of the sixth-century ascetics written by [[Cyril of Scythopolis]],<ref name="dellosso"/>{{rp|6–7}} though the latter identification has been challenged.
Based on the works that are currently attributed to him, certain determinations about his biography can be made. He was, perhaps, born at [[Constantinople]], which accounts for his being identified as from Byzantium. He has been given the epithets ''Hierosolymitanus'' ("of Jerusalem", due to a possible connection with the Lavra of St. Saba) and ''Scholasticus'' (because he is considered to be the first "schoolman," as the introducer of the Aristotelian definitions into theology, though according to others, this name refers to his having been an advocate, a special meaning of the word ''scholasticus''). He himself states that in his early years he belonged to a [[Nestorian Church|Nestorian]] community.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911 |wstitle=Leontius |volume=16 |page=456 |inline=1}}</ref> For a time, it seems he was also a member of the so-called community of "[[Scythian monks]]."
According to Cyril's ''Vita Sabae'', Leontius was a monk of the [[Mar Saba|Lavra of St. Saba]] near Jerusalem,<ref name=EB1911/> a disciple of [[Nonnus of Edessa]] and one of the leaders of the [[Origenist]] party on Palestine.<ref name="dellosso"/>{{rp|7}} In 531 he accompanied Saba to Constantinople, where he was condemned for his Origenist views.<ref name="dellosso"/>{{rp|7}} Brian Daley, however, considers this association very tenuous, both for historical reasons and because the text of the ''corpus leontianum'' does not seem to contain Origenist views.<ref name="dellosso"/>{{rp|8}}
==Theology==
Attributable to Leontius we have five polemical writings in defense of the dogma of [[Council of Chalcedon|Chalcedon]], a collection of writings referred to as the ''corpus leontianum.''<ref name="dellosso"/>{{rp|5}} From this body of writings it may be inferred that Leontius was a monk, ascetic, and hermit.<ref name="dellosso"/>{{rp|6}} From the introduction of his third treatise ''Against the Nestorians'' we learn that as a young man, he was a member of the circle of [[Diodorus of Tarsus]] and [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]].<ref name="dellosso"/>{{rp|6}}
Leontius is best known for the theory of the ''enhypostasia'' (ἐνυποστασία) of the human nature of Christ in the divine hypostasis of the ''Logos''.<ref name="dellosso"/>{{rp|5}} According to Carlo Dell'Osso, the first scholar to translate his writings into a modern language,<ref name="dellosso"/> his theology is dominated by the theme of diphysitism (a reaction to the heretical doctrine of [[monophysitism]]), which is an affirmation of the permanence and distinction of the two natures of Christ — divine and human — after the Incarnation, a condition which Leontius identified as [[hypostatic union]].<ref name="dellosso"/>
==Works==
The works that comprise the ''corpus leontianum'' are the following; they are contained in the ''[[Patrologia Graeca]]'', volume 86.<ref name="dellosso"/>{{rp|8}} The first complete critical edition of these works was prepared by Brian Daley and published in 2017.<ref>{{cite book | title = Leontius of Byzantium: Complete Works | editor-first = Brian | editor-last = Daley | publisher = Oxford University Press | series = Oxford Early Christian Texts | year = 2017 | location = Oxford | isbn = 9780199645237 | url = https://global.oup.com/academic/product/leontius-of-byzantium-9780199645237?cc=us&lang=en&}}</ref>
*''Contra Nestorianos et Eutychianos'', against the two extreme positions of [[Eutychianism]] and [[Nestorianism]]
*''Dialogue against the Aphthartodocetists'', against those who [[Aphthartodocetae|Aphthartodocetism]] of Christ's human nature
*''Contra Nestorianos'', another work against the followers of [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]]
*''Epilysis'', also called ''Solutio argumentorum a Severo obiectorum'', a work against the arguments of [[Severus of Antioch]]
*''Epaporemata'', also called ''Triginta capita contra Severum'', another work against Severus
==Further reading==
*{{Cite CE1913|first=Adrian |last=Fortescue|wstitle=Leontius Byzantinus |volume=9}} (''NB'': Typical of less recently scholarly works, information, particular regarding his works, is confused between Leontius of Byzantium and Leontius of Jerusalem.)
*{{cite book |author=Leontius of Byzantium |year=2013 |title=Against the forgeries of the Apollinarists |url=https://archive.org/details/LeontiusOfByzantium-AgainstTheFraudesOfTheApollinarists}} — English translation of ''Adversus fraudes Apollinistarum'', Commissioned by Roger Pearse. Translated by Bryson Sewell, 2013. Made from Patrologia Graeca 86 text.
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Leontius Byzantium}}
[[Category:5th-century births]]
[[Category:6th-century deaths]]
[[Category:Byzantine theologians]]
[[Category:Christian writers]]
[[Category:6th-century Byzantine monks]]
[[Category:6th-century Byzantine writers]]
[[Category:6th-century Christian theologians]]
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# Journal of Polymorphous Perversity
Journal of Polymorphous Perversity is a satirical magazine about psychology, established and published by American psychologist Glenn Ellenbogen. Between 1984 and 2003, a total of 40 issues were published, with articles written by professionals and lay people. There are four published collections of articles: Oral Sadism and the Vegetarian Personality (1987), The Primal Whimper (1989), Freudulent Encounters (1992), and More Oral Sadism And The Vegetarian Personality (1996).
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Journal of Polymorphous Perversity
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Polymorphous_Perversity
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2025-03-15T09:35:47Z
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en
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Q60770470
| 17,919
|
{{Italic title}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2025}}
'''''Journal of Polymorphous Perversity''''' is a [[Satire|satirical]] [[magazine]] about psychology, established and published by American [[psychologist]] Glenn Ellenbogen.<ref>{{cite book|title=Oral Sadism and the Vegetarian Personality: Reading from the Journal of Polymorphous Perversity|isbn=0345347005|last1=Ellenbogen|first1=Glenn C.|year=1987|publisher=Ballantine Books }}</ref> Between 1984 and 2003, a total of 40 issues were published, with articles written by professionals and lay people. There are four published collections of articles: ''Oral Sadism and the Vegetarian Personality'' (1987), ''The Primal Whimper'' (1989), ''Freudulent Encounters'' (1992), and ''More Oral Sadism And The Vegetarian Personality'' (1996).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Calta |first1=Marialisa |title=A Mind Is A Funny Thing |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/16/style/a-mind-is-a-funny-thing.html |work=The New York Times |date=1994-01-16 |access-date=2019-01-12 |archive-date=2019-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113003947/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/16/style/a-mind-is-a-funny-thing.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.psychhumor.com/ |website=Journal of Polymorphous Perversity |access-date=2019-01-12 |archive-date=2019-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062808/http://www.psychhumor.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Doskoch |first1=Peter |title=Exhibiting a Funny Twist of Mind |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/articles/199803/exhibiting-funny-twist-mind |website=[[Psychology Today]] |accessdate=2019-01-15 |date=1998-03-01}}</ref>
==See also==
*''[[Annals of Improbable Research]]''
*''[[Journal of Irreproducible Results]]''
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.psychhumor.com/}}
[[Category:Professional humor]]
[[Category:Humor magazines]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1984]]
[[Category:Satirical magazines published in the United States]]
[[Category:Works about psychology]]
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# Interceptor Micros
Interceptor Micros, also known as Interceptor Software and later as Interceptor Group, was a British developer/publisher of video games for various 8-bit and 16-bit computer systems popular in Western Europe during the eighties and early nineties.
In addition to publishing games and utilities under the Interceptor label the company ran a tape and later disc duplication business, a print shop and associated graphic design studio, manufactured dual size cassette tape cases under the Compact Case Company brand and published budget software under the Players and Players Premier labels, and a few full-price titles under the premium Pandora label.
The company was owned and operated by father-and-son team Julian and Richard Jones, out of various locations in and around the small town of Tadley, near Basingstoke in Hampshire, England. At the height of its success the company employed around thirty people, but it fell victim to the 1990s video game decline and went out of business in the early nineties.
## Early days
Richard and Julian's first foray into the computer games business is documented on the official Llamasoft web site, with the Joneses and Jeff Minter forming a partnership in 1982. Although the Llamasoft account of the parties' short relationship and the events surrounding the dissolution of the partnership reflect Jeff Minter and his family's opinions, the key facts and dates do not seem to be in dispute. The Jones' and Minters' short-lived partnership ended in September 1982. History has shown that neither party's interest in the business suffered from the split, with Jeff retaining the Llamasoft name and the Joneses forming Interceptor. The company released several clones of arcade games but decided to focus on developing more original titles, as stricter copyright laws meant the clones could not be sold in the USA.
## The Interceptor Label
The following titles were published under the Interceptor label:
- After Shock[4]
- Aquanaut[5]
- Asiento
- Assembler 64[6]
- Azimuth 3000
- Bandana City[7]
- Big Ben[8]
- Bigtop Barney[9]
- Break Fever (C64)[10]
- BurgerTime (C64)
- Caverns of Sillahc[11]
- China Miner[12]
- Crazy Kong 64[13]
- Crystals of Carus[14]
- Cuddly Cuburt[15]
- Defender 64[16]
- Forest at the World's End[17]
- Frogger 64[18]
- Front Line
- Get Off My Garden![19]
- Guzzler [20]
- The Heroes Of Karn[21]
- The Empire of Karn[22]
- Jewels of Babylon[23]
- LA Police Dept.
- Melonmania[24]
- Message from Andromeda[25]
- Micro Rescue[26]
- Missile Command[citation needed]
- Panic 64
- Quango
- Scramble 64[27]
- Siren City[28]
- Spider and the Fly[29]
- Spriteman 64[30]
- Star Trek[31]
- Sword of Kings
- Tales of the Arabian Nights[32]
- The Zacaron Mystery
- Token of Ghall[33]
- Trollie Wallie[34]
- Vortex Raider[35]
- Wallie Goes To Rhymeland (C64)[36]
- Warlord
- Where's my Bones?[37]
- Wheelin' Wallie (C64)[38]
- Wild Ride (C64)
- Wunda Walter (Vic 20)[12]
## The Players and Players Premier labels
From 1986 to 1991 Players issued budget-priced £1.99 tape-based games for various 8-bit platforms. The Players Premier label games were priced at £2.99. In addition some titles were released for the Atari ST and Amiga platforms on disc at £4.99 under the Smash 16 and Players Gold labels. The titles competed against budget software pioneer Mastertronic, and later Codemasters and others in an increasingly crowded budget software marketplace.
Players packaging was bright and colourful. The original concept was designed by Michael Wood, an artist and designer and the then Studio Manager at Interceptor. Most of the packaging artwork at the time was designed by Michael Wood who had several artists working with him. The designs were worked up as finished pieces by air brush artists such as Peter Austin.
The label's most successful and best-known releases were the Joe Blade series of games (1987–1989), but Players and Players Premier released over 100 titles across various platforms.
Players original titles included Anfractuos, Auriga, Auto Zone, Big Top Barney, Bubble Trouble, Cagara, Cerberus, The Claws of Despair, Clean Up Time, Crime Busters, Cybernation, Denizen, Desert Hawk, Deviants, Dizzy Dice, Doodlebug, Elektrix, European Soccer Challenge, Fungus, Fruity, Joe Blade, Joe Blade II, Journey to the Centre of Eddie Smith's Head, Killapede, LA Drugs Bust, Lop Ears, Matt Lucas, Metal Army, Miami Cobra GT, Nuclear Heist, Psycho City, Radius, Reflex, Riding the Rapids, Ronald Rubberduck, The Serf's Tale, Shanghai Karate, Shanghai Warriors, Shrewsbury Key, Skateboard Construction System, Street Gang, Super Nova, Swamp Fever, Sword Slayer, Tanium, Thing!, Toadforce, Tomcat, Turbo Kart Racer, Varmit, Xanthius, and The Zacaron Mystery.
Players Premier original titles included Assault Course, Cobra Force, Deadly Evil, Elven Warrior, Havoc, Hawk Storm, Iron Soldier, Joe Blade III, Lost Caves, Mig Busters, Moving Target, Mutant Fortress, Operation Hanoi, Outlaw, Prison Riot, The Race, Roadburner, Saigon Combat Unit, Shark, 3D Snooker, Solar Empire, Spooked, Steel Eagle, Street Cred Boxing, Street Cred Football, Subway Vigilante, Super League, Task Force, Turbo Master, Velocipede, Velocipede II, War Machine, and World Cup Challenge.
In addition, both labels re-released various full price titles and various games and demos for magazine cover-mounted tapes, which Interceptor duplicated for various computer magazines.
## The Pandora label
In 1987 Interceptor launched Pandora, a new premium-priced label. Pandora released several games for 8- and 16-bit computers. Its first and most successful title was Into the Eagle's Nest, a Gauntlet style burst-scroller set in a Nazi occupied castle. Other titles included Galdregon's Domain (1988), Xenomorph (1990), Outlands (1989) and Debut (1990). It is believed Debut (a complex planet simulator coupled with a side-scroller action element) was one of the last titles to be published under the Pandora label, in December 1990.
## The Fun Factory label
In 1991 and 1992, during the waning days of the company several Atari ST and Amiga titles were released under the Fun Factory Brand. Titles included Twin Turbos (1991), Rebellion (1992), Slackskin and Flint (1992).
## People
Richard Jones was the public face of the company, and all published titles credited him as producer. Due to his youth, ambition and love of fast cars he often appeared on local television and in the papers during the early years. However, Julian was the company mainstay, working long hours, often on the factory floor, building the company.
Interceptor worked with various programmers, artists, and musicians over the years, relying mostly on freelance talent but also employing a number of up and coming in-house coders.
Foremost amongst the in-house programmers were Andrew Challis and Kevin Parker. Apart from developing original titles and porting existing games to other platforms they also developed custom "loaders" and produced the tape masters for the duplication of Interceptor and other companies titles. Interceptor pioneered "loada-games" across multiple platforms, not just the C64 (see the Spectrum version of Joe Blade 2). These were a series of mini games that you could play while the main game continued to load from tape. While technically clever, this occasionally resulted in customers returning product mistaking the loada-game for the advertised content.
Other in-house developers included Andrew Severn (last spotted as producer of Gun for Nethersoft), Martin (Jabba) Severn (last spotted working for Pumpkin Studios), Gary Biasillo, Steve Briggs, Chris Johnson (who later worked for SEGA in San Francisco and as a Lead Producer at Zynga), Mike Brown, Paul Griffiths, Robin Chapman and Colin Swinbourne (last spotted at Nice Tech). Brian Leake and Mark Davidson, who briefly worked on-site during the development of Debut, followed their careers in the USA; Brian was last spotted at The Walt Disney Company in California, and Mark at Destineer in North Carolina.
Prolific freelance Interceptor programmers Richard Robinson & Keith Harvey (AKA 'Howlin' Mad', also known as 'Mirai') went on to form the multimedia futurist band "Intelligentsia" in Tokyo, and Earth Academy Records in London, both working in TV Media and the progressive arts.
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{{Short description|Software companies of the United Kingdom}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2020}}
{{multiple issues|
{{notability|Companies|date=February 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2016}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
'''Interceptor Micros''', also known as '''Interceptor Software''' and later as '''Interceptor Group''', was a British [[video game developer|developer]]/[[video game publisher|publisher]] of video games for various 8-bit and 16-bit computer systems popular in [[Western Europe]] during the eighties and early nineties.
In addition to publishing games and utilities under the Interceptor label the company ran a tape and later disc duplication business, a print shop and associated graphic design studio, manufactured dual size cassette tape cases under the '''Compact Case Company''' brand and published budget software under the '''Players''' and '''Players Premier''' labels, and a few full-price titles under the premium '''Pandora''' label.
The company was owned and operated by father-and-son team Julian and Richard Jones, out of various locations in and around the small town of [[Tadley]], near [[Basingstoke]] in [[Hampshire, England]]. At the height of its success the company employed around thirty people, but it fell victim to the 1990s video game decline and went out of business in the early nineties.
== Early days ==
Richard and Julian's first foray into the computer games business is documented on the official [[Llamasoft]] web site, with the Joneses and [[Jeff Minter]] forming a partnership in 1982. Although the Llamasoft account of the parties' short relationship and the events surrounding the dissolution of the partnership reflect Jeff Minter and his family's opinions, the key facts and dates do not seem to be in dispute. The Jones' and Minters' short-lived partnership ended in September 1982.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zzap64.co.uk/cgi-bin/displaypage.pl?issue=001&page=010&magazine=pcg|title=Redirecting|website=www.zzap64.co.uk|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref> History has shown that neither party's interest in the business suffered from the split, with Jeff retaining the Llamasoft name and the Joneses forming Interceptor. The company released several clones of arcade games but decided to focus on developing more original titles, as stricter copyright laws meant the clones could not be sold in the USA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zzap64.co.uk/cgi-bin/displaypage.pl?issue=001&page=012&magazine=pcg|title=Redirecting|website=www.zzap64.co.uk|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
== The Interceptor Label ==
The following titles were published under the Interceptor label:<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gamefaqs.com/features/company/74144-interceptor-micros | title=Game Companies: Interceptor Micros }}</ref>
* ''[[After Shock (video game)|After Shock]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.everygamegoing.com/egg/landingMagArticle/index/mag_folder/your_sinclair/mag_issue_id/1654/mag_section/reviews/filename/After-Shock-000/ |title=Your Sinclair's Review Of After Shock (Interceptor Micros) for the Spectrum 48K/128K - Everygamegoing |website=www.everygamegoing.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011014011/http://www.everygamegoing.com/egg/landingMagArticle/index/mag_folder/your_sinclair/mag_issue_id/1654/mag_section/reviews/filename/After-Shock-000/ |archive-date=2018-10-11}}</ref>
* ''Aquanaut''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemon64.com/game/aquanaut-interceptor-software|title=Aquanaut|website=Lemon64|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[Asiento (computer game)|Asiento]]''
* ''[[Assembler 64]]''<ref>http://retrocollector.org/index.php?page=1&system=39&media=123456789AZ&publisher=-1&title=&box=-1®ion=-1&type=012&release=1628&gameid=139 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[Azimuth 3000]]''
* ''[[Bandana City]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.c64.com/games/no-frame.php?showid=1881&searchfor=Interceptor&searchfor_special=5&from=0&range=37|title=C64.COM - For the best in C64 nostalgia|website=www.c64.com|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''Big Ben''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lemon64.com/games/details.php?ID=264|title = Lemon64 - Big Ben}}</ref>
* ''Bigtop Barney''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lemon64.com/games/details.php?ID=274|title = Lemon64 - Bigtop Barney}}</ref>
* ''[[Break Fever]]'' (C64)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/17293/Break-Fever/|title=Break Fever - Software - Game - Computing History|website=www.computinghistory.org.uk|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[BurgerTime]]'' (C64)
* ''[[Caverns of Sillahc]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/zzap64-magazine-001/ZZap_64_Issue_001_1985_May#page/n55/mode/2up|title = ZZap!64 Magazine Issue 001|date = May 1985}}</ref>
* ''[[China Miner]]''<ref name="wizwords.net">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wizwords.net/from-the-archives-interceptor|title=From The Archives: Interceptor|website=Wizwords|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''Crazy Kong 64''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lemon64.com/games/details.php?ID=557|title = Lemon64 - Crazy Kong 64}}</ref>
* ''[[Crystals of Carus]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemon64.com/game/crystals-of-carus|title=Crystals of Carus, The|website=Lemon64|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''Cuddly Cuburt''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemon64.com/game/cuddly-cuburt|title=Cuddly Cuburt|website=Lemon64|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[Defender 64]]''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.lemon64.com/?mainurl=https%3A//www.lemon64.com/games/details.php%3FID%3D691 | title=Lemon64 - Commodore 64 Games - C64 Reviews & Music }}</ref>
* ''[[Forest at the World's End]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0006321|title = World of Spectrum - Forest at World's End}}</ref>
* ''[[Frogger 64]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemon64.com/game/frogger-64|title=Frogger 64|website=Lemon64|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[Front Line (arcade game)|Front Line]]''
* ''Get Off My Garden!''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemon64.com/game/get-off-my-garden|title=Get Off My Garden!|website=Lemon64|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[Guzzler]]'' <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.lemon64.com/?mainurl=http%3A//www.lemon64.com/games/details.php%3FID%3D1126 | title=Lemon64 - Commodore 64 Games - C64 Reviews & Music }}</ref>
* ''[[The Heroes Of Karn]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemon64.com/game/heroes-of-karn|title=Heroes of Karn, The|website=Lemon64|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[The Empire of Karn]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lemon64.com/games/details.php?ID=829|title = Lemon64 - Empire of Karn}}</ref>
* ''[[Jewels of Babylon]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/sinclair-user-magazine-037/SinclairUser_037_Apr_1985#page/n23/mode/1up|title = Sinclair User Magazine Issue 037|date = April 1985}}</ref>
* ''[[LA Police Dept.]]''
* ''[[Melonmania]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.c64.com/games/1898|title = Melonmania by Interceptor Software}}</ref>
* ''[[Message from Andromeda]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0006676|title = World of Spectrum - Message from Andromeda}}</ref>
* ''[[Micro Rescue]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.c64.com/games/no-frame.php?showid=1899&searchfor=Interceptor&searchfor_special=5&from=0&range=37|title=C64.COM - For the best in C64 nostalgia|website=www.c64.com|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[Missile Command]]''{{cn|date=November 2024}}
* ''[[Panic 64]]''
* ''[[Quango (computer game)|Quango]]''
* ''[[Scramble 64]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/12737/Scramble-64/|title=Scramble 64 - Software - Game - Computing History|website=www.computinghistory.org.uk|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[Siren City]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lemon64.com/games//details.php?ID=2317|title = Lemon64 - Siren City}}</ref>
* ''Spider and the Fly''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gb64.com/game.php?id=7202&d=36&h=0|title=GB64.COM - C64 Games, Database, Music, Emulation, Frontends, Reviews and Articles|website=gb64.com|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[Spriteman 64]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/51792/Sprite%20Man/|title = Sprite Man - Software - Game - Computing History}}</ref>
* ''[[Star Trek (computer game)|Star Trek]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/11588/Star-Trek/|title = Star Trek - Software - Game - Computing History}}</ref>
* ''[[Sword of Kings]]''
* ''[[Tales of the Arabian Nights (computer game)|Tales of the Arabian Nights]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.acornelectron.co.uk/profs/electron/cats/im.html|title = Interceptor Micros - Acorn Electron Professional Releases - Acorn Electron World DVD}}</ref>
* ''[[The Zacaron Mystery]]''
* ''[[Token of Ghall]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemon64.com/game/token-of-ghall|title=Token of Ghall, The|website=Lemon64|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[Trollie Wallie]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemon64.com/game/trollie-wallie|title=Trollie Wallie|website=Lemon64|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[Vortex Raider]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/17491/Vortex-Raider/|title = Vortex Raider - Software - Game - Computing History}}</ref>
* ''[[Wallie Goes To Rhymeland]]'' (C64)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemon64.com/game/wallie-goes-to-rhymeland|title=Wallie goes to Rhymeland|website=Lemon64|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[Warlord (computer game)|Warlord]]''
* ''[[Where's my Bones?]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemon64.com/game/wheres-my-bones|title=Where's My Bones?|website=Lemon64|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[Wheelin' Wallie]]'' (C64)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemon64.com/game/wheelin-wallie|title=Wheelin' Wallie|website=Lemon64|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref>
* ''Wild Ride'' (C64)
* ''[[Wunda Walter]]'' (Vic 20)<ref name="wizwords.net"/>
== The Players and Players Premier labels ==
From 1986<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spectrumcomputing.co.uk/mag.php?issue_id=1593&page=29|title = Spectrum Computing - ZX Spectrum games, software and hardware}}</ref> to 1991 Players issued budget-priced {{GBP|1.99|long=no}} tape-based games for various 8-bit platforms. The Players Premier label games were priced at {{GBP|2.99|long=no}}. In addition some titles were released for the Atari ST and Amiga platforms on disc at {{GBP|4.99|long=no}} under the Smash 16 and Players Gold labels. The titles competed against budget software pioneer [[Mastertronic]], and later [[Codemasters]] and others in an increasingly crowded budget software marketplace.
Players packaging was bright and colourful. The original concept was designed by Michael Wood, an artist and designer and the then Studio Manager at Interceptor. Most of the packaging artwork at the time was designed by Michael Wood who had several artists working with him. The designs were worked up as finished pieces by air brush artists such as Peter Austin.
The label's most successful and best-known{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} releases were the ''Joe Blade'' series of games (1987–1989), but Players and Players Premier released over 100 titles across various platforms.
Players original titles included ''Anfractuos'', ''Auriga'', ''Auto Zone'', ''Big Top Barney'', ''Bubble Trouble'', ''Cagara'', ''Cerberus'', ''The Claws of Despair'', ''Clean Up Time'', ''Crime Busters'', ''Cybernation'', ''[[Denizen (video game)|Denizen]]'', ''Desert Hawk'', ''Deviants'', ''Dizzy Dice'', ''Doodlebug'', ''Elektrix'', ''[[European Soccer Challenge]]'', ''[[Fungus (video game)|Fungus]]'', ''Fruity'', ''Joe Blade'', ''Joe Blade II'', ''Journey to the Centre of Eddie Smith's Head'', ''Killapede'', ''LA Drugs Bust'', ''Lop Ears'', ''Matt Lucas'',<ref name='crash40_review' /> ''Metal Army'', ''Miami Cobra GT'', ''Nuclear Heist'', ''Psycho City'', ''Radius'', ''Reflex'', ''Riding the Rapids'', ''Ronald Rubberduck'', ''The Serf's Tale'', ''Shanghai Karate'', ''Shanghai Warriors'', ''Shrewsbury Key'', ''Skateboard Construction System'', ''Street Gang'', ''Super Nova'', ''Swamp Fever'', ''Sword Slayer'', ''Tanium'', ''Thing!'', ''Toadforce'',{{cn|date=November 2024}} ''Tomcat'', ''Turbo Kart Racer'', ''Varmit'', ''Xanthius'', and ''The Zacaron Mystery''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=0007210|title = World of Spectrum - the Zacaron Mystery}}</ref>
Players Premier original titles included ''Assault Course'', ''Cobra Force'', ''Deadly Evil'', ''Elven Warrior'', ''Havoc'', ''Hawk Storm'', ''Iron Soldier'', ''Joe Blade III'', ''Lost Caves'', ''Mig Busters'', ''Moving Target'', ''Mutant Fortress'', ''Operation Hanoi'', ''Outlaw'', ''Prison Riot'', ''The Race'', ''Roadburner'', ''Saigon Combat Unit'', ''Shark'', ''3D Snooker'', ''Solar Empire'', ''Spooked'', ''Steel Eagle'', ''Street Cred Boxing'', ''Street Cred Football'', ''Subway Vigilante'', ''Super League'', ''Task Force'', ''Turbo Master'', ''Velocipede'', V''elocipede II'', ''War Machine'', and ''World Cup Challenge''.
In addition, both labels re-released various full price titles and various games and demos for magazine cover-mounted tapes, which Interceptor duplicated for various computer magazines.
== The Pandora label ==
In 1987 Interceptor launched Pandora, a new premium-priced label. Pandora released several games for 8- and 16-bit computers. Its first and most successful title was ''[[Into the Eagle's Nest]]'', a ''[[Gauntlet (arcade game)|Gauntlet]]'' style burst-scroller set in a Nazi occupied castle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zzap64.co.uk/cgi-bin/displaypage.pl?issue=025&page=026&magazine=zzap|title = Redirecting}}</ref> Other titles included ''[[Galdregon's Domain]]'' (1988),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemonamiga.com/games/details.php?id=1264|title=Galdregon's Domain|website=Lemon Amiga|accessdate=29 January 2024}}</ref> ''[[Xenomorph (video game)|Xenomorph]]'' (1990), ''Outlands'' (1989) and ''Debut'' (1990). It is believed{{By whom|date=May 2020}} ''Debut'' (a complex planet simulator coupled with a side-scroller action element) was one of the last titles to be published under the Pandora label, in December 1990.
== The Fun Factory label ==
In 1991 and 1992, during the waning days of the company several Atari ST and Amiga titles were released under the Fun Factory Brand. Titles included ''Twin Turbos'' (1991), ''Rebellion'' (1992), ''Slackskin and Flint'' (1992).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hol.abime.net/hol_search.php?N_ref_publisher=%20233|title = Hall of Light - the database of Amiga games}}</ref>
== People ==
Richard Jones was the public face of the company,<ref name="wizwords.net"/> and all published titles credited him as producer. Due to his youth, ambition and love of fast cars he often appeared on local television and in the papers during the early years. However, Julian was the company mainstay, working long hours, often on the factory floor, building the company.
Interceptor worked with various programmers, artists, and musicians over the years, relying mostly on freelance talent but also employing a number of up and coming in-house coders.
Foremost amongst the in-house programmers were Andrew Challis<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.lemon64.com/?mainurl=http%3A//www.lemon64.com/games//list.php%3Fcoder%3DAndrew+Challis | title=Lemon64 - Commodore 64 Games - C64 Reviews & Music }}</ref> and Kevin Parker.<ref name="wizwords.net"/> Apart from developing original titles and porting existing games to other platforms they also developed custom "loaders" and produced the tape masters for the duplication of Interceptor and other companies titles. Interceptor pioneered "loada-games" across multiple platforms, not just the C64 (see the Spectrum version of ''Joe Blade 2''). These were a series of mini games that you could play while the main game continued to load from tape. While technically clever, this occasionally resulted in customers returning product mistaking the loada-game for the advertised content.
Other in-house developers included Andrew Severn<ref name="wizwords.net"/> (last spotted as producer of ''Gun'' for Nethersoft), Martin (Jabba) Severn (last spotted working for Pumpkin Studios), Gary Biasillo,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.c64.com/gt_display_interview.php?interview=19|title=C64.COM - For the best in C64 nostalgia|website=www.c64.com|access-date=29 January 2024}}</ref> Steve Briggs,<ref>[https://www.linkedin.com/in/stevebriggsinfo Steve Briggs Info] LinkedIn {{Self-published source|date=June 2022}}</ref> Chris Johnson (who later worked for SEGA in San Francisco and as a Lead Producer at Zynga),<ref name="wizwords.net"/> Mike Brown, Paul Griffiths, Robin Chapman and Colin Swinbourne<ref name="wizwords.net"/> (last spotted at Nice Tech). Brian Leake and Mark Davidson, who briefly worked on-site during the development of ''Debut'', followed their careers in the USA; Brian was last spotted at The Walt Disney Company in California, and Mark at Destineer in North Carolina.
Prolific freelance Interceptor programmers Richard Robinson & Keith Harvey (AKA 'Howlin' Mad', also known as 'Mirai') went on to form the multimedia futurist band "Intelligentsia" in Tokyo, and Earth Academy Records in London, both working in TV Media and the progressive arts.
== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name='crash40_review'>{{cite magazine|url=https://archive.org/stream/crash-magazine-40/Crash_40_May_1987#page/n51/mode/2up|magazine=Crash|issue=40|date=May 1987|pages=52–53|title=Derek Brewster's Adventure Trail ("Matt Lucas" review)}}</ref>
}}
[[Category:Defunct video game companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Software companies of the United Kingdom]]
| 1,263,052,765
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[]
| false
|
# Punkhorn Creek
40°58′15″N 74°42′13″W / 40.97083°N 74.70361°W
Punkhorn Creek is a small stream in the middle of Byram Township, Sussex County, New Jersey. It flows southwest from Lake Bottom, on the north side of and parallel with Amity Road, to Roseville Pond. It is a tributary of Lubbers Run, which is a tributary of the Musconetcong River. It joins Lubbers Run at Lake Lackawanna.
|
enwiki/7653893
|
enwiki
| 7,653,893
|
Punkhorn Creek
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punkhorn_Creek
|
2025-02-04T04:20:04Z
|
en
|
Q7260422
| 28,506
|
{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}
{{Coord|40|58|15|N|74|42|13|W|region:US-NJ_type:river_source:GNIS|display=title|notes=<ref name="gnis"/>}}
'''Punkhorn Creek''' is a small stream in the middle of [[Byram Township, New Jersey|Byram Township]], [[Sussex County, New Jersey]].<ref name="gnis">{{Cite gnis|id=1802621|name=Punkhorn Creek|accessdate=November 22, 2010}}</ref> It flows southwest from Lake Bottom, on the north side of and parallel with Amity Road, to Roseville Pond. It is a tributary of [[Lubbers Run]], which is a tributary of the [[Musconetcong River]]. It joins Lubbers Run at [[Lake Lackawanna]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grumet |first1=Robert S. |title=Manhattan to Minisink: American Indian Place Names of Greater New York and Vicinity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIwjQeh-Ke4C&pg=PA228 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |page=228 |date=2013 |isbn=978-0806189130}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[List of rivers of New Jersey]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Rivers of New Jersey]]
[[Category:Rivers of Sussex County, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Musconetcong River]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Delaware River]]
{{SussexCountyNJ-geo-stub}}
{{NewJersey-river-stub}}
| 1,273,813,928
|
[]
| false
|
# List of books on military executions in World War I
This is a bibliography of works on military executions in World War I.
## In English
- Babington, Anthony, For the Sake of Example: Capital Courts-Martial, 1914–1920, (London: Penguin. 2002) ISBN 978-0-14-139100-7
- Chielens, Piet & Putkowski, Julian; Unquiet Graves / Rusteloze Graven Guide: Execution Sites of the First World War in Flanders (UK: Francis Boutle Publishers, 2000) ISBN 978-1-903427-00-2
- Corns, Caroline & Hughes-Wilson, John; Blindfold and Alone (London, Cassell. 2001) ISBN 0-304-35397-3
- Corrigan, Gordon, Mud, Blood and Poppycock (London: Weidenfeld Military. 2004) ISBN 978-0-304-36659-0
- Godefroy, Andrew, For Freedom and Honour? The Story of 25 Canadians Executed During the Great War (Toronto: CEF Books, 1998) ISBN 1-896979-22-X
- Lister, David; Die Hard, Aby!, (England: Pen & Sword, 2005) ISBN 978-1-84415-137-0
- Moore, William, The Thin Yellow Line, (London: Wordsworth. 1999) ISBN 978-1-84022-215-9
- Oram, Gerard, Death Sentences passed by military courts of the British Army 1914–1924, (UK: Francis Boutle Publishers, 1999) ISBN 1-903427-26-6
- Oram, Gerard; Worthless Men: Race, eugenics and the death penalty in the British Army during the First World War, (UK: Francis Boutle Publishers, 1999) ISBN 0-9532388-3-0
- Pugsley, Chris; On the Fringes of Hell (1991: Hodder & Stoughton) ISBN 978-0-340-53321-5
- Putkowski, Julian & Sykes, Julian; Shot at Dawn: Executions in World War One by Authority of the British Army Act, (England: Pen & Sword, 1996) ISBN 978-0-85052-613-4
- Putkowski, Julian; British Army Mutineers 1914–1922, (UK: Francis Boutle Publishers, 1998) ISBN 978-0-9532388-2-8
- Putkowski, Julian; The Kinmel Park Camp riots 1919, (England: Flintshire Historical Society. 1989) ISBN 978-0-9512776-1-4 (however none of the rioters were executed)
- Sellers, Leonard; For God's Sake Shoot Straight! (Leo Cooper, London, UK, 1995) (an account of the trial and execution of Royal Navy officer Sub-Lt Edwin Dyett)
- Thurtle, Ernest; Military discipline and democracy, (London: Daniel Books. 1920)
- Thurtle, Ernest; Shootings at dawn: The Army death penalty at work, (Pamphlet)
## In French
- fr:Soldat fusillé pour l'exemple
- Offenstadt, Nicolas; Les fusillés de la Grande Guerre (Paris: Éditions Odile Jacob, 1999)
- Pedroncini, Guy; Les mutineries de 1917, Presse universitaires de France, Paris, 1967
- Putkowski, Julian (trans. Yves Buffetaut); Les Fusillés de King Crater (II) (France: Ysec éditions, 2002) ISBN 2-84673-012-1
- Rolland, Denis; La grève des tranchées, Paris, Imago, 2005.
|
enwiki/11201762
|
enwiki
| 11,201,762
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List of books on military executions in World War I
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_books_on_military_executions_in_World_War_I
|
2023-07-04T19:47:24Z
|
en
|
Q6608082
| 92,112
|
{{short description|None}}
This is a '''bibliography of works on military executions in [[World War I]]'''.
==In English==
* '''[[Anthony Babington (author)|Babington, Anthony]]''', ''For the Sake of Example: Capital Courts-Martial, 1914–1920'', (London: Penguin. 2002) {{ISBN|978-0-14-139100-7}}
* '''[[Piet Chielens|Chielens, Piet]]''' & '''[[Julian Putkowski|Putkowski, Julian]]'''; ''Unquiet Graves / Rusteloze Graven Guide: Execution Sites of the First World War in Flanders'' (UK: Francis Boutle Publishers, 2000) {{ISBN|978-1-903427-00-2}}
* '''Corns, Caroline''' & '''Hughes-Wilson, John'''; ''Blindfold and Alone'' (London, Cassell. 2001) {{ISBN|0-304-35397-3}}
* '''[[Gordon Corrigan|Corrigan, Gordon]]''', ''Mud, Blood and Poppycock'' (London: Weidenfeld Military. 2004) {{ISBN|978-0-304-36659-0}}
* '''[[Andrew Godefroy|Godefroy, Andrew]]''', ''For Freedom and Honour? The Story of 25 Canadians Executed During the Great War'' (Toronto: CEF Books, 1998) {{ISBN|1-896979-22-X}}
* '''Lister, David'''; ''Die Hard, Aby!'', (England: Pen & Sword, 2005) {{ISBN|978-1-84415-137-0}}
* '''Moore, William''', ''The Thin Yellow Line'', (London: Wordsworth. 1999) {{ISBN|978-1-84022-215-9}}
* '''[[Gerard Oram|Oram, Gerard]]''', ''Death Sentences passed by military courts of the British Army 1914–1924'', (UK: Francis Boutle Publishers, 1999) {{ISBN|1-903427-26-6}}
* '''[[Gerard Oram|Oram, Gerard]]'''; ''Worthless Men: Race, eugenics and the death penalty in the British Army during the First World War'', (UK: Francis Boutle Publishers, 1999) {{ISBN|0-9532388-3-0}}
* '''[[Christopher Pugsley|Pugsley, Chris]]'''; ''On the Fringes of Hell'' (1991: Hodder & Stoughton) {{ISBN|978-0-340-53321-5}}
* '''[[Julian Putkowski|Putkowski, Julian]]''' & '''Sykes, Julian'''; ''Shot at Dawn: Executions in World War One by Authority of the British Army Act'', (England: Pen & Sword, 1996) {{ISBN|978-0-85052-613-4}}
* '''[[Julian Putkowski|Putkowski, Julian]]'''; ''British Army Mutineers 1914–1922'', (UK: Francis Boutle Publishers, 1998) {{ISBN|978-0-9532388-2-8}}
* '''[[Julian Putkowski|Putkowski, Julian]]'''; ''The Kinmel Park Camp riots 1919'', (England: Flintshire Historical Society. 1989) {{ISBN|978-0-9512776-1-4}} (however none of the rioters were executed)
* '''Sellers, Leonard'''; ''For God's Sake Shoot Straight!'' (Leo Cooper, London, UK, 1995) (an account of the trial and execution of Royal Navy officer Sub-Lt Edwin Dyett)
* '''[[Ernest Thurtle|Thurtle, Ernest]]'''; ''Military discipline and democracy'', (London: Daniel Books. 1920)
* '''[[Ernest Thurtle|Thurtle, Ernest]]'''; ''Shootings at dawn: The Army death penalty at work'', (Pamphlet)
==In French==
*[[:fr:Soldat fusillé pour l'exemple]]
* '''Offenstadt, Nicolas'''; ''Les fusillés de la Grande Guerre'' (Paris: Éditions Odile Jacob, 1999)
* '''[[Guy Pedroncini|Pedroncini, Guy]]'''; ''Les mutineries de 1917'', Presse universitaires de France, Paris, 1967
* '''[[Julian Putkowski|Putkowski, Julian]]''' (trans. Yves Buffetaut); ''Les Fusillés de King Crater (II)'' (France: Ysec éditions, 2002) {{ISBN|2-84673-012-1}}
* '''Rolland, Denis'''; ''La grève des tranchées'', Paris, Imago, 2005.
{{World War I}}
{{WWI history by nation}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Military Executions In World War I}}
[[Category:History books about World War I|*]]
[[Category:Military discipline and World War I|Executions]]
[[Category:Military justice]]
[[Category:World War I books|*]]
[[Category:Bibliographies of wars and conflicts]]
{{WWI-book-stub}}
| 1,163,421,527
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[]
| false
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# Louis Appignani
Louis Appignani, (born March 30, 1933, in Manhattan, New York City), is an entrepreneur and philanthropist from Miami, Florida. He is chairman and founder of Louja Realty Inc.; he was chairman and founder of Computer Education Inc. and, until 2000, Barbizon International Modeling School.
## Biography
Appignani was born March 30, 1933, in Manhattan in New York City. Appignani attended postgraduate studies in economics at Indiana University. He graduated from Baruch College of the City University of New York, earning his M.S. degree in finance from Columbia University. He has served on the boards a number of professional civic organizations.
In 2001 Appignani established the Appignani Foundation to “support secular activities that will address significant, viable and long term human goals on our planet.” He also founded the IHEU Appignani Center for Bioethics, formerly a branch of the International Humanist and Ethical Union but now under the aegis of the American Humanist Association (AHA). It is "dedicated to providing thoughtful, timely research and analyses of bioethical challenges facing the global community." He also founded the Appignani Humanist Legal Center, a project of the AHA.
|
enwiki/10244129
|
enwiki
| 10,244,129
|
Louis Appignani
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Appignani
|
2023-12-01T17:54:04Z
|
en
|
Q6686639
| 27,766
|
{{short description|American entrepreneur and philanthropist}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=March 2012}}
{{BLP one source|date=October 2021}}
}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Louis Appignani
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1933|3|30}}
| birth_place = [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]]
| nationality = American
| alma_mater = [[Indiana University]], [[Baruch College]], [[Columbia University]]
| employer =
| occupation = [[Entrepreneur]] and [[philanthropist]]
}}
'''Louis Appignani''', (born March 30, 1933, in [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]]), is an [[entrepreneur]] and [[philanthropist]] from [[Miami, Florida]]. He is chairman and founder of Louja Realty Inc.; he was chairman and founder of Computer Education Inc. and, until 2000, Barbizon International Modeling School.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4gJPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Ux8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6435,992171&dq=louis+appignani&hl=en|title=Florida Tycoon Promotes Atheism|last=Brecher|first=Elinor J.|date=January 3, 2002|work=Wilmington Morning Star|accessdate=15 June 2012}}</ref>
==Biography==
Appignani was born March 30, 1933, in [[Manhattan]] in [[New York City]]. Appignani attended postgraduate studies in [[economics]] at [[Indiana University]]. He graduated from [[Baruch College]] of the City University of New York, earning his M.S. degree in finance from [[Columbia University]]. He has served on the boards a number of professional civic organizations.<ref>{{cite news |title=University of Miami Establishes Chair for Study of Atheism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/21/us/university-of-miami-establishes-chair-for-study-of-atheism.html |work=NY Times}}</ref>
In 2001 Appignani established the Appignani Foundation to “support secular activities that will address significant, viable and long term human goals on our planet.” He also founded the IHEU Appignani Center for Bioethics, formerly a branch of the [[International Humanist and Ethical Union]] but now under the aegis of the [[American Humanist Association]] (AHA). It is "dedicated to providing thoughtful, timely research and analyses of [[bioethical]] challenges facing the global community." He also founded the Appignani Humanist Legal Center, a project of the AHA.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Appignani}}
[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American atheists]]
[[Category:American humanists]]
[[Category:American business executives]]
| 1,187,828,398
|
[{"title": "Louis Appignani", "data": {"Born": "March 30, 1933 \u00b7 Manhattan, New York City", "Nationality": "American", "Alma mater": "Indiana University, Baruch College, Columbia University", "Occupation(s)": "Entrepreneur and philanthropist"}}]
| false
|
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