codelion/finepdfs-1B · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Economic Anthropology, "Water and Economy" 2019; 6: 208–221 DOI:10.1002/ sea2.12143 Water sharing, reciprocity, and need: A comparative study of interhousehold water transfers in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract Water sharing between households could crucially mitigate short-term household water shortages, yet it is a vastly understudied phenomenon. Here we use comparative survey data from eight sites in seven sub-Saharan African countries (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda) to answer three questions: With whom do households share water? What is expected in return? And what roles do need and affordability play in shaping those transfers? We find that water is shared predominantly between neighbors, that transfers are more frequent when water is less available and less affordable, and that most sharing occurs with no expectation of direct payback. These findings identify water sharing, as a form of generalized reciprocity, to be a basic and consistent household coping strategy against shortages and unaffordability of water in sub-Saharan Africa. Keywords Water; Water Insecurity; Household Economics; Sharing; Transfers; Reciprocity; Africa Introduction Water is increasingly scarce and commodified. Across the globe, 4 billion people now experience severe water scarcity for at least one month of the year (Mekonnen and Hoekstra 2016). While household water need can be related to aridity or physical water scarcity, in contemporary societies it is additionally created by poor water governance, unreliable provision and maintenance, social marginality, lack of political power, lack of resources, and other aspects of living in poverty (Bakker 2010; Jepson et al. 2017; Swyngedouw 2013). Community pooling has been, historically, a widely practiced institutional strategy across the globe for managing scarce water resources for collective benefit at the local level (Guillet 1992; Lansing 1987; Scarborough 1998). To cope with water insecurities, vulnerable communities self-organize through such means as pooling money or labor to safeguard and allocate new water sources (e.g., digging wells or building a tap stand system) or by exerting governance rules around existing water sources to distribute water across households more equitably and consistently (Ostrom 1990). Water Sharing, Reciprocity, and Need However, such common pool water also can transform into a private good. For example, when people collect or buy water for their own household use, it may then be seen as belonging to the person or household that collected or purchased it, regardless of its provenance. As such, another potential form of coping with water shortfalls is the direct sharing of such private water between households; in other words, the acts of giving or receiving water from one household to another as gifts, loans, exchanges, or sales (Wutich and Brewis 2014; Wutich et al. 2018), sometimes operationally referred to as transfers. By household water sharing, we are referring to transfers of water between households designed to meet daily needs inside the receiving household (i.e., drinking, cooking, sanitation, washing clothes, cleaning, and bathing, but not maintaining livestock or crops). These transfers can be viewed as a kind of gift giving, with a potentially wide range of expectations of payback or reciprocity (Mauss [1924] 2002). Following Sahlins (1972), we are particularly interested in understanding if expectations of reciprocity are better described as generalized reciprocity (with no expectation of direct or immediate payback) or balanced reciprocity (with a clear expectation of some form of payback on a relative short time scale). Social scientists have previously documented interhousehold water transfers occurring within low-resource communities in rural Ethiopia (Maes et al. 2018), Malawi (Adams 2017; Velzeboer, Hordijk, and Schwartz 2017), Sudan (Zug 2014; Zug and Graefe 2014), Uganda (Pearson et al. 2015), and Tanzania (Nganyanyuka et al. 2014). A recent review proposes that such transfers should emerge with consistency in waterinsecure environments, and this may reflect a broader strategy to mitigate some of the effects of managing unsafe, intermittent, or insufficient local water sources (Wutich et al. 2018). Yet, the lack of systematic documentation of water sharing practices as they occur across diverse sites means it is difficult, on the basis of the current empirical evidence, to theorize better what those might be and how they might mitigate resource risks (like water unaffordability). By comparison, there is good cross-cultural evidence that inter household food sharing (and, to some extent, labor sharing) emerges consistently under conditions of resource shortages, and that the greater the shortage, the more sharing that occurs (Ember et al. 2018). Here we present an empirical, comparative, cross-cultural study designed to provide much-needed basic substantiation regarding how some key proximate household economic (e.g., water need/affordability) and social (e.g., cultural norms) factors shape household water sharing. Given the fundamental lack of existing theoretical literature explaining household water sharing as a practice to mitigate such water stresses, we begin with three key questions to organize our analysis: With whom do households share water? What is expected in return? And what role does need and unaffordability play in shaping those transfers? Our answers and resulting theory building are based on the systematic comparison of eight socially and economically distinct communities from across sub-Saharan Africa. Our research sites are characterized by significant rainfall seasonality, high levels of material poverty, weak water infrastructures, and other water-supply challenges. We chose the region to baseline test propositions regarding the general principles of how and why households share private water because many of the existing case reports of interhousehold water sharing events noted above are from this region. We began our effort to clarify water sharing with a key question: why would people in water-insecure communities share household-owned water at all, especially when they themselves may also have need?The limited water sharing literature is not especially clear on this point (Wutich et al. 2018). Economic anthropologists, working from both sociocultural and evolutionary perspectives, though, have provided a variety of reasonable answers, particularly from studies of food sharing, that could be relevant. From research in behavioral ecology on food sharing in subsistence societies, we can posit, for example, that givers and receivers may set up a "tit-for-tat" reciprocal arrangement in which one provides water to the other at one time in exchange for a return gift at some point in the future (Axelrod 1984; Trivers 1971). In Namibia, for example, Schnegg and Linke (2015) found that people maintain complex networks that include noncommensurate exchanges of food and other goods, including water. But not all household trading partners are equal, and a further basic expectation drawn from the food sharing literature would be that kin (especially genetic kin) would be favored in transfers over affines (relatives by marriage), and both would be favored over friends and neighbors (Hamilton 1964, as discussed in Gurven 2004 on kin; see also Hruschka 2010). Family members are viewed generally as more reliable and trustworthy sharing partners, so they could be favored in "tit-for-tat" just for the reason of higher expectation of later reciprocity (Allen-Arave, Gurven, and Hill 2008). Such favor could take the form of both higher frequencies of transfers and lower expectations of exchange/return. For example, water kiosk attendants in informal settlements of Lilongwe, Malawi, were observed to routinely offer free water (illegally) to their family members or people with whom they shared close ties (Adams, Juran, and Ajibade 2018).Thus we propose the following: Proposition 1:Water sharing transfers will occur more frequently between closely related kin. Proposition 2: Transfers are more likely to have no direct expectation of direct payback (i.e., generalized reciprocity) when they are between kin. There is also a relevant growing literature regarding the role of generosity (Barnard and Woodburn 1988) and norms, often referred to as a moral economy, that is potentially relevant to water sharing (Trawick 2001; Wutich 2011). This includes the expectation to help those in need, and is especially evident in subsistence societies (e.g., Scott 1976). Such norms may dictate the giving of water to those who suffer from thirst or other immediate water needs (Wutich and Brewis 2014).Water sharing norms, which may be situated in religious communities and beliefs or other factors, have been described for contexts as varied as Syria and Saudi Arabia (Musil 1928), Tanzania (Smiley 2013), Bangladesh (Sultana 2011), and Bolivia (Wutich 2011). Another possibility is that the donors and recipients who engage in water sharing events are engaged in risk-pooling relationships, whereby those who happen in that moment to have abundant resources give to those who are in need, reflecting the shared understanding that the future of one's resource acquisitions and holdings is unpredictable (Cronk et al., forthcoming; Velzeboer, Hordijk, and Schwartz 2017). In the case of water, such an arrangement would make sense if there were unpredictability as to which sharing party would be successful in obtaining water and which would not (e.g.,Wiessner 1986;Wutich 2011); that is, related to unpredictability in each household's ability to access, afford, or transport water, rather than unpredictability in the overall availability of the resource. A further explanation is that people will share water because doing so serves as a sign of both their ability to acquire resources and their generosity, an idea common to both the theory of indirect reciprocity (Alexander 1987) and costly signaling theory (Smith and Bliege Bird 2005). Last, people may trade water for the simple, immediate reason of profit or cash earnings. In other words, water is seen as a commodity with a price, just as one might charge or request reimbursement from others for any private good. Household economics—specifically need itself—should also theoretically matter greatly for shaping decisions around water transfers.Water sharing can thus be broadly approached as a coping strategy in the face of economic constraints–without losing sight of the importance of inequality—including in access to water, negotiating power, and household economic inequalities. This perspective can sit comfortably with varied forms of generosity and moral economies. For example, wealthier households might share water with those in greatest need to build political capital or to reinforce patron–client dependencies (i.e., perform self-interested charity) (Wutich et al. 2018). In this vein, Pearson et al.'s (2015) observations in three rural Ugandan villages noted that wealthier, higher-status households tended to gift water to the poorer and lowest ones (who were more likely to be forced to purchase water). In this arrangement, households in the middle were mostly excluded. Alternatively, in Bolivian squatter settlements, Jewell and Wutich (2011) observed that the most severely water-deprived households sometimes withdrew from requesting water from others if they thought any later reciprocity might be expected (Wutich and Ragsdale 2008). Because worry of having to repay after accepting water is a demonstrated stressor, we need to better test if it is really the case that the most extreme need leads to the high densities of water sharing.Thus we propose the following: Water Sharing, Reciprocity, and Need Proposition 3: Both need for water and unaffordability of water will predict a greater rate of interhousehold water transfers. Proposition 4: Householdswith higher socioeconomic status (SES)within communities will transfer preferentially to households with lower SES and will be more likely to do so without an expectation of direct payback (i.e., generalized reciprocity). Study details The data analyzed herein are drawn from the HouseholdWater Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) study.The initial round of data collection included household survey implementation at eight different sites across sub-Saharan Africa, with a target sample of 250 households at each site (Table 1).The selected study sites span an array of urban, periurban, and rural settings. All sites experience various forms, degrees, and etiologies of water insecurity, for example seasonality, infrastructure, or service challenges (see Tables 1 and 2). The forms of water transfer vary across the locations but mostly involve relatively modest amounts that can be carried. For example, in the Ugandan site, in-home piped water is unavailable. Household water must be collected in a jerry can from a public borehole, a surface water source, or (more rarely) a water vendor. Water transfers across households thus typically involve handing over one or more jerry cans of water or permitting other households to fill jerry cans from a pond or stream on a household's private property. At the Malawi site, private household taps are rare, and water collection involves walking to either a water vendor or a public standpipe.Water is then stored within the household in barrels or large basins to guard against intermittent supply and sudden breaks in the distribution system. Water transfers across households typically involve giving away one or more bucketsful of water from this stored supply. Transfers can also take the form of more affluent households with their own taps allowing poorer households to take buckets of water from the tap at no cost. Data collection at each site was managed by social scientists (mostly trained as anthropologists and cultural geographers), each with long-term experience at that particular site.1 Verbal informed consent was obtained at the beginning of all interviews by a trained enumerator. Individual site principal investigators' (PIs') home institutions or Northwestern University (central manager) provided the institutional review board of record for the sites. Furthermore, ethical approval was obtained as required from the appropriate local or national in-country institutions. Systematic random sampling was used to select households for participation, except in Kahemba, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where the survey was implemented within an ongoing intervention study that utilized a purposive sampling technique (Table 1). Adults who described themselves as knowledgeable about the household's water situation were considered eligible to participate. Surveys were administered in the relevant local language. Table 1 here Topics included questions on sociodemographics, water acquisition, treatment, and water storage. In terms of water sharing, the respondent in each household was asked "In the last four weeks/month, how frequently have you or anyone in your household asked to borrow water from other people? From whom? What was expected in return?" and "In the last four weeks/one month, how frequently have you or anyone in your household loaned water to anyone?" To understand who shares with whom, we coded open-ended responses into relationship distance categories (i.e., family, friends, neighbors, etc.). Where people nominated multiplex ties (e.g., neighboring family member), we coded for the closer relationship (e.g., family member over neighbor). Level of absolute household need for water was estimated based on four factors—(a) reported frequency of no water whatsoever in the household, (b) worry about not having enough water, (c) interruption of water supply, and (d) not enough water as would like to drink in the last four weeks—on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 (never [0 times]) to 4 (always [more than 20 times]) then summed (range 0–14, mean 2.6Å}3). We then created an ordinal variable using natural breaks in the data to define cut points, so that none=0 (24% of observations), low=1–3 (30%), medium=4–6 (25%), and high=7–14 (21%). A measure of absolute household water unaffordability was derived from reporting frequencies of lacking money to buy water (never, rarely, sometimes, often, always), reporting of frequencies of money concerns about water, monthly spending on securing water as a percentage of total household income (in USD), and level of reported household food insecurity (using theHousehold Food Insecurity Access Scale; see Coates et al. 2007). A single component was extracted through principal components analysis, explaining 52.5% of variation (see Table 2 for variation by site). To consider relative perceived SES, respondents were asked to point to a rung on a ladder to indicate their household's relative socioeconomic standing compared to others in their local community. The scores ranged from 1 (highest standing) to 10 (lowest standing). To allow Water Sharing, Reciprocity, and Need comparisons across sites related to relative status within sites, we converted these site-specific measures to quintiles within each site (with 1 being the lowest perceived SES quintile and 5 the highest). Descriptive analyses were conducted in SPSS version 24. For predictive modeling, multiple logistic regression models were used since our outcome variables (giving water, receiving water, and expectation of return) were dichotomous. These models, when estimates are exponentiated, provide odds ratios (OR). All regression models were estimated using Stata Version 15.0 and included the following covariates: rural versus urban/periurban, household size, time spent collecting water each week (greater vs. less than one hour per day on average), amount of drinking and total water stored in the household, and whether the main household water supply was being purchased at the time of data collection (e.g., tanker truck, bottled water). These covariates were selected a priori based on documented factors that affect water availability and needs within households, which may affect the giving and receiving of water (Gleick 1996;WorldHealth Organization 2017). Our independent variables of interest, fitted into the separate models, were whether recipients of transfers were kin, household water need score, water unaffordability score, and relative SES quintiles. We used variance inflation factor (VIF) to assess potential multicollinearity present within regression models. All covariates had VIF lower than 10, indicating that multicollinearity was not significantly affecting the estimates (Wooldridge 2015). Table 2 here We accounted for clustering across the eight sub-Saharan sites in two ways. First, we used a fixed-effect estimation technique to account for site-level differences since we had insufficient sample size at our macro-level unit (i.e., sites, N <25), and the sites themselves were not chosen at random from all possible sites in sub-Saharan Africa (Möhring 2012; Wooldridge 2015). Using hierarchical regression modeling in this situation may result in omitted variable bias regarding the site-level estimators. Therefore, using a fixed effect for our macro-level unit, we dealt with this issue by controlling for site-level heterogeneity and removing variation at the site level. Second, we employed cluster-adjusted standard errors to account for within-cluster (site) correlation, relaxing the independence requirement of observations (Wooldridge 2015). We note two key limitations of these analyses. While the site samples all involved random selection at the household level, three sites also first stratified by clusters (population strata, neighborhoods, or towns).This means that our standard errors are underestimated. For this reason, we more conservatively selected p<0.01 as our threshold for significance. Second, some sites obtained samples above the target of 250 (e.g., DRC at n=392). This means that it would be possible that our findings would be biased toward the observations at the locations with larger contributing sample sizes. For this reason, we used probability weights in the regression modeling described earlier to adjust for sample size within each site to the target goal of 250 as the inverse probability that an observation was sampled (Korn and Graubard 2011). For example, in the DRC, each observation was weighted as 1/(392/250)=0.638. Results Figure 1 here Interhousehold water sharing (i.e., transfers) occurs regularly at all the surveyed sites (see Figure 1). Rates of households giving water in the prior four weeks ranged from 6.4% in Arua, Uganda, to 66.7% in Kisumu, Kenya (both rural, primarily agriculturalist communities). Rates of incoming water transfers (i.e., receiving) ranged from 20.5% in urban Accra, Ghana, in the rainy season to 84.8% in rural agropastoralist villages of Kahemba, DRC (the site with reportedly the most chronic water shortages of all those sampled). Water transfer patterns were more evenly balanced in some sites than others, meaning that the percentage of households that gave water better balanced those that received water (Table 2). While we do not have data that track directly the reciprocity of transfers between specific households, the range of lending households that also themselves received water in the last four weeks was as low as 32.5% in urban Accra, Ghana, to 94.8% in Kahemba, DRC. Importantly, Kahemba is also the site with the highest levels of giving and receiving and the most balanced and getting "in the last four weeks", by site. Water Sharing, Reciprocity, and Need Figure 2 here What was expected in return for getting water, as reported by site. pattern of giving and receiving. Furthermore, in the site with the lowest rate of households giving water (Arua, Uganda, 6.4%), three-quarters of those giving households also reported receiving water themselves, another indirect indicator of a reciprocal system in operation. Proposition 1: Do households share most frequently with kin? Contrary to expectations, the vast majority of extra household transfers in all the sites were with nonkin, specifically with neighbors (87% overall, ranging from 52% to 93%; Table 2). The highest rates of transfers between kin were in Amhara, Ethiopia (48%), a rural site of unbalanced transfers with many more households getting than giving water, and rural Arua, Uganda (32.5%), the latter also with relatively high levels of unbalanced transfers (i.e., a few households were transferring water to many). Proposition 2: Is water sharing with kin more likely to be generalized reciprocity? The vast majority of water transfers into households overall (77.3%)were described as generalized reciprocity, in that nothing was expected in return (Figure 2). In two sites (Lagos, Nigeria, and Kampala, Uganda), some form of payback (i.e., balanced reciprocity) was expected more commonly than generalized reciprocity. In Lagos,Nigeria, water was expected in return, and in Kampala, Uganda, water or money was expected. Notably, reports of expectations of payback for water sharing in forms other than water or money (e.g., food, labor) were extremely rare (Figure 2). We then used logistic regression to test if transfers with kin were more likely to have no expectation of return (i.e., were generalized reciprocity) (Table 3). We found that kin were not significantly different than nonkin in the expectation of return of water (p=0.19). However, the relationship was in the expected direction, as kin had half (0.49) the odds of expecting something in return for receiving water compared to nonkin (95% CI 0.19–1.40, Model 1) adjusting for covariates. Proposition 3: Does household water neediness/unaffordability affect sharing? We considered how levels of household need for water affect the likelihood of transfers. Water need scores were highest on average in Kahemba, DRC (6.3Å}2.9), and lowest in Lagos, Nigeria (1.1Å}1.7) (Table 2). The large standard deviations reflect significant withinsite inequalities in need. We tested if households with greater need for water were more likely to receive water and if those with lower need for water were more likely to give it (Model 2, Table 3). We found strong evidence on both counts, such that as household need increased, the odds of receiving and giving water grew in magnitude. Most notably, households who reported the highest need for water had nearly 9 (OR 8.8, 95% CI 3.99– 19.4, p<0.001, Model 2a) times the odds of receiving water and 4.5 (OR 4.63; 95% CI 2.25–9.51, p<0.001,Model 2b) times the odds of giving water to other households, compared to those with no reported need for water and adjusting for covariates. We used a similar logistic regression model to test if water unaffordability also affected who received and gave water (Model 3, Table 3). We found that as water unaffordability increased, so did the odds of both giving and receiving water in the past month. Specifically, each standard deviation increase in the water unaffordability score was associated with 2 (95% CI 1.71–2.32, p<0.001, Model 3a) times the odds of receiving water and 1.5 (95% CI 1.23–1.83, p<0.001, Model 3b) times the odds of giving water, controlling for covariates. Table 3 here Proposition 4: Does perceived household SES affect sharing? Mean perceived SES scores varied across sites, with households in Kahemba, DRC, estimating themselves with the worst SES on average (8.0Å}1.6) and those in Lagos,Nigeria, with the highest estimates (5.4Å}2.1). Considering data fromacross all the sites, lowest quintile SES households within each site had higher reports of receiving water within the last month, and the highest two quintiles reported the least. And while the sample sizes are small, an apparent trend can be seen among the fourteen respondents who reported "frequently" receiving water within the past month: more than half were within the lowest quintile, while only two were in the highest. However, households within all SES quintiles reported receiving water, and there was no clear linear trend (first [lowest]=26%, second=19%,third=22%, fourth=17%, fifth [highest]=17%). Similarly, for water giving, some households at all SES quintiles within sites reported doing so (first=22%, second=16.9%, third=21%, fourth=19%, fifth=21%), again with no clear linear trend. The third and fifth quintiles were most likely to report "always" having given water in the past month. However, the lowest quintile was the most likely to report "often" giving, compared to others, with 39% giving water—the highest of the frequencies reported. Giving and receiving patterns within sites also did not display evident linear trends (Table 2). In several sites, the middle quintiles were as likely to report having received or given water as the lowest or highest quintiles. For example, in Arua, Uganda, the middle quintile reported more than double the rate of giving water to other households than any other strata (44% of all transfers). In the DRC site, the lowest quintile reported giving water most frequently (25% of all transfers). In Accra, Ghana, the lowest and highest quintiles reported the highest frequencies of water sharing. We used logistic regression models to test if relative perceived household SES status within sites predicted both giving and receiving water (Model 4, Table 3). Specifically, we considered if households in the top (highest) quintile(s) of perceived status were more likely to preferentially transfer water (Model 4) and whether those water transfers were made without expectation of payback to the bottom/lower quintiles (Model 5). We found that compared to the highest quintile, households in the lowest quintile had 60% higher odds of receiving a transfer (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.20–2.13, p=0.001, Model 4a) in the last month. Households in the second lowest and middle SES quintiles also had elevated odds of receiving a transfer, but these did not meet our conservative significance cutoff. In contrast, providing a transfer was not significantly different by quintile of SES, again due to our conservative significance cutoff (Model 4b). Finally, SES status by quintile was not associated with providing water without expectation of payback (Model 5). Implications, limitations, and next steps We began with four general propositions: that household water sharing transfers (a)would favor kin and (b) be more likely to engage in generalized reciprocity with kin, (c) that absolute need for water and unaffordability of water predicts transfers, and that (d) higher-status households will transfer to lower-status ones (without expectations of direct payback). Integrating the findings of our analyses of empirical data from eight sub-Saharan African sites provides several key insights relevant to general theory building around how proximate economic and social factors help explain household water sharing practices. A key finding, against prediction, is that the vast majority of sharing events occur between neighbors, not kin. This has very significant theoretical implications, as it suggests that the key findings about kin preferences in the food-sharing literature (e.g., Gurven 2004; Hamilton 1964) are not directly generalizable to water sharing. A parsimonious explanation could be that water, compared to such other possible transferable household private goods as food, labor, or money, is heavy and hard to move—even to the point of causing injuries (Geere et al. 2010). That is, it is harder to move water between households in any volume without special transport or infrastructure (e.g., a tanker, pushcart), and the difficulty increases sharply with distance. The very high rates of sharing with neighbors suggest to us that that the forms of water sharing networks within communities are likely driven strongly by propinquity. A second explanation may be that sharing with neighbors who are nonkin may help strengthen bonds so that the sharers' network is larger and they may have more people to call on when in need. This then suggests the need for detailed case studies on this point. In this study, we do not know the actual amount of A. Brewis et al. water being shared, just the frequencies of sharing events. It could be that amounts of water given with or without expectation of payback vary between kin and nonkin households in important ways (e.g., perhaps transfers between kin are larger in volume when they occur, even if they are less frequent). Importantly, the vast majority of reported water transfers—including between neighbors— were described as generalized reciprocity, for which no direct payback was expected.This was the same general pattern across low and high-SES households. At some sites, almost all transfers took this basic form. This is also consistent with the findings of the "moral economy" literature (Scott 1976; Trawick 2001; Wutich 2011) and also the idea that it is adaptive to give water to those who need it without any expectation of repayment in situations where there is some unpredictability about who will have sufficient water at any given time (Cronk et al., forthcoming;Wiessner 1986). The unpredictability of such situations makes them similar to the kinds of situations in which one might buy an insurance policy. The norms found at many sites may thus be proximate cultural instantiations of this more distal adaptive logic of risk pooling through transfers to those in need (Aktipis et al. 2016; Cronk et al., forthcoming). In others, balanced reciprocity (i.e., direct payback for water) was sometimes expected. The two highest of these were both urban settings: in Lagos, Nigeria, almost half of water transfers were with an overt expectation of later payback with water in return, and in Kampala, Uganda, where one-third of transfers were expected in return. But in Kahemba, DRC, where neediness was greatest, only 5% of transfers included any expectation of return. In no sites, though, was there significant reporting of any other forms of payback, such as for labor or food for water. More detailed studies on this specific point are suggested, perhaps particularly comparing how food versus water transfers occur within communities struggling with both. Food security often depends on water security, while the converse is not true (i.e., you cannot cultivate food nor cook it easily without water). This might help explain why norms associated with generalized reciprocity seem to be so widely in effect across all these varied sites. These data demonstrate, as predicted (following Pearson et al. 2015; Wutich 2011), that household economic factors are important in shaping water sharing practices. Overall patterns conform to those that would be expected if household sharing were a coping strategy to help deal with issues of water need or unaffordability.The site with the highest household levels of reported water need and unaffordability (Kahemba, DRC) also has both the highest rate of incoming water transfers, which makes sense given data were collected in the dry season. Moreover, modeling of data across the sites (with sites as fixed effects) confirmed that the odds of both receiving and giving a transfer increased substantially with increasing levels of household water need and water unaffordability. Notably, however, transfers of water—both giving and receiving—were observable at all perceived SES strata. As predicted (Wutich et al. 2018), we found a general pattern of more transfers from higher-status households to lower-status ones; however, this was not uniformly replicated in every community. In some places, the lowest quintile households were given less water compared to those in higher quintiles. In other sites, households in the middle SES strata (third quintile) included thosemost actively engaged in water transfers.The general implication is that water sharing practices transect all social strata in water-scarce communities. These findings also indicate that much more detailed case study analysis (like that suggested by Pearson et al. 2015) will be needed to understand how inequalities in household socioeconomics shape water transfer decisions. A few limitations of the current study should be acknowledged. First, although we made an effort to capture multiplexity, our models did not include complex operationalizations of multiplex ties (e.g., kin who are also neighbors who are also coreligionists).More and better-defined research on multiplexity in water sharing is needed (see Schnegg and Linke 2015 for guidance here). For example, we need to better understand how kinship distance and household distance both matter. Second, it is possible that our finding about the relatively low rates of water sharing between kin (as compared with neighbors) could be an artifact of the way the water sharing questions were asked (i.e., using the terms loan and borrow). It is possible that people have unique emic concepts that describe water sharing with kin, and we would have received different answers if we had asked about these specifically. That said, many people did report water sharing with kin, and there are theoretical reasons (related to distance and the weight of water) that make it reasonable that neighbors would be preferred water sharing partners.Third, the data were not collected at the height of the dry season in most sites, and this may have contributed to underestimation of actual water sharing frequencies. Fourth, the concept of "sharing" varies across cultures and languages, and—although we made extensive efforts to pretest our protocols for cross-cultural equivalence—we cannot be completely sure that our core questions were understood in exactly the same way in each site. Finally, and relatedly, the high frequency with which water transfers between households are observed in all these water-scarce communities and that fewer people than predicted are sharing with their kin suggest the possibility of high levels of water sharing associated tensions and conflicts (not captured in this study). This is because, although the idea of "sharing" is commonly understood as synonymous with largesse, sharing, gift giving, and other resource transfers also can be deployed to (re)produce unequal power relationships. Sharing itself, in all its forms (gifting, selling, loaning, and so on) can also lead to disputes, as Sultana (2011) describes, especially in settings where water conflicts arise through class, power, religious, or political differences. We suggest that more detailed ethnographic studies of how conflicts around household water sharing systems emerge and are managed between households and within communities are a high priority. Note 1 The detailed HWISE data collection manual can be found online at https://doi.org/ 10.21985/N2P450. A. Brewis et al. References Adams, Ellis A. 2017. "Thirsty Slums in African Cities: Household Water Insecurity in Urban Informal Settlements of Lilongwe, Malawi." International Journal of Water Resources Development 34(6): 869–87. Adams, Ellis A., Luke Juran, and Idowu Ajibade. 2018. "'Spaces of Exclusion' in Community Water Governance: A Feminist Political Ecology of Gender and Participation in Malawi's Urban Water User Associations." Geoforum 95: 133–42. Aktipis, Athena, Rolando de Aguiar, Anna Flaherty, Padmini Iyer, Dennis Sonkoi, and Lee Cronk. 2016. "Cooperation in an Uncertain World: For the Maasai of East Africa, NeedBased Transfers Outperform Account-Keeping in Volatile Environments." Human Ecology 44(3): 353–64. Alexander, Richard D. 1987. The Biology of Moral Systems. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Allen-Arave, Wesley, Michael Gurven, and Kim Hill. 2008. "Reciprocal Altruism, Rather than Kin Selection, Maintains Nepotistic Food Transfers on an Ache Reservation." Evolution and Human Behavior 29(5): 305–18. Axelrod, R., and W. D. Hamilton. 1984. The Evolution of Cooperation. New York: Basic Books. Bakker, Karen. 2010. Privatizing Water: Governance Failure and the World's Urban Water Crisis. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Barnard, Alan, James Woodburn, T. Ingold, and D. Riches. 1988. "Introduction." In Hunter and Gatherers 2: Property, Power, and Ideology, edited by A. Barnard, J. Woodburn, T. Ingold, and D. Riches, 4–31. New York: Bloomsbury Academic. Coates, Jennifer, Anne Swindale, and Paula Bilinsky. 2007. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Food Access: Indicator Guide. Washington, DC: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, Academy for Educational Development. Cronk, Lee, Colette Berbesque, Thomas Conte, Matthew Gervais, Padmini Iyer, Brighid McCarthy, Dennis Sonkoi, Cathryn Townsend, and Athena Aktipis. Forthcoming. "Managing Risk through Cooperation: Need-Based Transfers and Risk Pooling among the Societies of the Human Generosity Project." In Global Perspectives on Long-Term Community Resource Management, edited by Ludomir R. Lozny and Thomas H. McGovern. New York: Springer. Ember, Carol R., Ian Skoggard, Erik J. Ringen, and Megan Farrer. 2018. "Our Better Nature: Does Resource Stress Predict Beyond-Household Sharing?" Evolution and Human Behavior 39(4): 380–91. Geere, J. L., M. M. Mokoena, P. Jagals, F. Poland, and S. Hartley. 2010. "How Do Children Perceive Health to Be Affected by Domestic Water Carrying? Qualitative Findings from a Mixed Methods Study in Rural South Africa." Child: Care, Health and Development 36(6): 818–26. Gleick, Peter H. 1996. "Basic Water Requirements for Human Activities: Meeting Basic Needs." Water International 21(2): 83–92. Guillet, David W. 1992. Covering Ground: Communal Water Management and the State in the Peruvian Highlands. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Gurven, Michael. 2004. "To Give and to Give Not: The Behavioral Ecology of Human Food Transfers." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27(4): 543–59. Hamilton, William D. 1964. "The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour. II." Journal of Theoretical Biology 7(1): 17–52. Hruschka, Daniel J. 2010. Friendship: Development, Ecology, and Evolution of a Relationship. Berkeley: University of California Press. Jepson, Wendy E., Amber Wutich, Shalean M. Collins, Godfred O. Boateng, and Sera L. Young. 2017. "Progress in Household Water Insecurity Metrics: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water 4(3): e1214. Jewell, Benjamin, and Amber Wutich. 2011. "Charitable Christians, Punitive Neighbors: Religiosity and Economic Norms in a Water-Scarce Environment." In The Economics of Religion: Anthropological Approaches, edited by L. Obadia and D. C. Wood, 307–37. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group. Korn, Edward L., and Barry I. Graubard. 2011. Analysis of Health Surveys. Vol. 323. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Lansing, J. Stephen. 1987. "Balinese 'Water Temples' and the Management of Irrigation." American Anthropologist 89(2): 326–41. Maes, Kenneth, Svea Closser, Yihenew Tesfaye, Yasmine Gilbert, and Roza Abesha. 2018. 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Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. New York: Cambridge University Press. Pearson, Amber L., Jonathan D. Mayer, and David J. Bradley. 2015. "Coping with Household Water Scarcity in the Savannah Today: Implications for Health and Climate Change into the Future." Earth Interactions 19(8): 1–14. Sahlins, Marshall. 1972. Stone Age Economics. New York: Routledge. Scarborough, Vernon L. 1998. "Ecology and Ritual: Water Management and the Maya." Latin American Antiquity 9(2): 135–59. Schnegg, Michael, and Theresa Linke. 2015. "Living Institutions: Sharing and Sanctioning Water among Pastoralists in Namibia." World Development 68: 205–14. Scott, James C. 1976. The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Smiley, Sarah L. 2013. "Complexities of Water Access in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Applied Geography 41: 132–38. Smith, Eric A., and Rebecca Bliege Bird. 2005. "Costly Signaling and Cooperative Behavior." In Moral Sentiments and Material Interests: The Foundations of Cooperation in Economic Life, edited by Herbert Gintis, Samuel Bowles, Robert Boyd, and Ernst Fehr, 115–48. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Sultana, Farhana. 2011. "Water, Culture, and Gender: An Analysis from Bangladesh." InWater, Cultural Diversity, and Global Environmental Change, edited by Lisa Hiwasaki, Irene J. Klaver, Barbara Rose Johnston, Ameyali Ramos Castillo, and Veronica Strang, 237–52. New York: Springer. Swyngedouw, Erik. 2013. "UN Water Report 2012: Depoliticizing Water." Development and Change 44(3): 823–35. Trawick, Paul. 2001. "The Moral Economy of Water: Equity and Antiquity in the Andean Commons." American Anthropologist 103(2): 361–79. Trivers, Robert L. 1971. "The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism." Quarterly Review of Biology 46(1): 35–57. Velzeboer, Linda, Michaela Hodijk, and Klaas Schwartz. 2017. "Water Is Life in a Life without Water: Power and Everyday Water Practices in Lilongwe, Malawi." Habitat International 73: 119–28. Wiessner, Polly. 1986. "!Kung San Networks in a Generational Perspective." In The Past and Future of !Kung Ethnography: Critical Reflections and Symbolic Perspectives—Essays in Honour of Lorna Marshall, edited by Megan Biesele, 103–36. Hamburg, Germany: Helmut Buske. Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. 2015. Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach. Mason, OH: Nelson Education. World Health Organization and UNICEF. 2017. Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines. Geneva: World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund. Wutich, Amber. 2011. "The Moral Economy of Water Reexamined: Reciprocity, Water Insecurity, and Urban Survival in Cochabamba, Bolivia." Journal of Anthropological Research 67(1): 5–26. Wutich, Amber, and Alexandra Brewis. 2014. "Food, Water, and Scarcity: Toward a Broader Anthropology of Resource Insecurity." Current Anthropology 55(4): 444–68. Wutich, Amber, Jessica Budds, Wendy Jepson, Leila Harris, Ellis Adams, Alexandra Brewis, Lee Cronk, et al. 2018. "Household Water Sharing: A Review of Water Gifts, Exchanges, and Transfers across Cultures." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews—Water 5(6): e1309. Wutich, Amber, and Katherine Ragsdale. 2008. "Water Insecurity and Emotional Distress: Coping with Supply, Access, and Seasonal Variability of Water in a Bolivian Squatter Settlement." Social Science and Medicine 67(12): 2116–25. Zug, Sebastian. 2014. The Gift of Water: Bourdieusian Capital Exchange and Moral Entitlements in a Neighbourhood of Khartoum. Vol. 11. Zurich, Switzerland: LIT Verlag Münster. Zug, Sebastian, and O. Graefe. 2014. "The Gift of Water: Social Redistribution of Water among Neighbours in Khartoum." 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TR1R Primary Belt Cleaner - Integrated Blade - Very Competitive Prices - Effective Cleaning Performance - Interchangeable with All Major Manufacturers - Light Weight & Easy to Move - Simple Installation & Maintenance FEDERAL Conveyor Components Torsion Arm Mounting Apparatus Unique Uni-blade Design. Aluminum Mounting Inserted Torsion Adjuster Fixed Bolt Step-1 Step-2	<urn:uuid:7c026bf5-b4be-4985-a844-6014ecbb6cbb>	CC-MAIN-2024-51	https://transco-ind.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/TR1R-Primary-Belt-cleaner.pdf	2024-12-11T09:29:51+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-51/subset=warc/part-00165-b392068a-8e35-4497-8fab-a691b1a71843.c000.gz.parquet	533,200,873	90	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.524998	eng_Latn	0.524998	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 378 ]
PRESENTS September 20, 2015 from 11:00 am – 5:00 pm AT THE IOWA CHILDREN'S MUSEUM INSIDE & OUT! Sponsored by: FREE ADMISSION ALL DAY! Braun Intertec Don Hummer Trucking L.L. Pelling Move It! Dig It! Do It! is a hands-on learning experience complete with large construction equipment, big trucks, emergency vehicles as well as dozens of games and funtivities that provide a one of a kind family experience. CONSTRUCTION ZONE ROAD RUNNERS EDUCATIONAL FUNTIVITIES PASSPORT TO FUN http://theicm.org/contribute/fundraiser-events/move-it-dig-it	<urn:uuid:45ec9828-ca35-4a88-ac42-42b022a8bfd4>	CC-MAIN-2024-38	https://www.joinhummer.com/media/cms/Move_it_C4972D5C4B769_52F960F9F9AF6.pdf	2024-09-16T18:15:01+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-38/subset=warc/part-00093-781f89b0-54ef-4e32-b51d-e5860e733e3a.c000.gz.parquet	763,492,777	152	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.982827	eng_Latn	0.982827	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 553 ]
Anomalous Health Incidents: The Havana Syndrome THE ISSUE CIA Director William Burns said recently: "There are probably a couple of hundred inci dents across the U.S. government and across the globe. Of those couple of hundred, there's probably about 100 in which my colleagues, my officers and family members have been affected." Reportedly, of the other incidents, approximately 60 cases involve Department of Defense officials or their relatives, around 50 cases involve State Department personnel or their relatives, and at least two cases involve White House staff. SYMPTOMS AND NOTABLE CASES: TIMELINE Symptoms have included: head pressure, migraines, memory loss and trouble concen trating, ear ringing/tinnitus, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, anxiety, vision problems, balance issues, hearing loss, sleeplessness, and other neurological symptoms. To date, as many as 200 Americans have reported signs of Havana syndrome, a series of debilitating symptoms that first affected U.S. intelligence officers and State Department staff stationed in Havana, Cuba, in late 2016. The first reported case involved an American officer in Havana. The officer went to the U.S. embassy's health office to report strange sound sensations and pressure sensations followed by intense headaches and dizziness. Several other officers in Cuba reported similar mysterious sensations while at their homes throughout early 2017. Cases have since been reported in roughly a dozen other countries, including the United States. There have been possible earlier cases dating back to 1996 involving NSA officers, but it is unclear if they are linked to the more recent incidents. Multiple cases affecting American and Cana dian officials occurred in areas outside Havana. Additional possible cases have occurred in China, Russia, the United Kingdom, Uzbeki stan, Colombia, Taiwan, Poland, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, and Austria, with possible U.S. cases in Miami and two in Washington, DC, involving former Trump Administration National Security Council (NSC) staff. Most recently, there have been reports of nearly two dozen U.S. officials in Vienna, Austria, who have reported Havana syndrome symptoms. Vienna is notable as several international bodies are headquartered in the Austrian capital, includ ing the International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna is also the current site of negotiations on the Iran deal. THEORIZED WEAPON A 2020 report by the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (com missioned by the State Department) assessed that many of the symptoms described by Havana syndrome victims are consistent with the effects of "directed, pulse radio frequency energy." A declassified NSA statement from 2014 said, in regards to the 1996 incident refer enced above, that a hostile country to which the officers were located had an association "with a high powered microwave system weapon that may have the ability to weaken, intimidate, or kill an enemy, over time, and without leaving FACTSHEET No. 217 \| August 19, 2021 evidence." Additionally, the intelligence infor mation "indicated that this weapon is designed to bathe a target's living quarters in microwaves, causing numerous physical effects, including a damaged nervous system." It is an open question whether the suspected directed-energy devices are being used delib erately as a weapon, or are an inadvertent side effect of a signals intelligence collection system. Investigators reportedly cannot definitively say if the directed-energy attacks have been caused by a specific weapon, but have theorized that it would be "primarily transported by vehicle" and that some could be "small enough to fit into a large backpack, and an individual can be targeted from 500 to 1,000 yards away." POTENTIAL PERPETRATORS The U.S. Intelligence Community thus far has not reached a consensus or made any formal attributions for the possible directed-energy incidents. There has been unverified reporting in recent months about the investigation of possible involvement by Russia's intelligence directorate, the GRU. Russia's interest in developing microwave weaponry dates to the Soviet Union. The National Academies' 2020 report noted: [M]any of the distinctive and acute signs, symp toms, and observations reported by DOS [De partment of State] employees are consistent with the effects of directed, pulsed radio frequency (RF) energy. Studies published in the open literature more than a half century ago and over the subsequent decades by Western and Soviet sources provide circumstantial support for this possible mechanism. Recent reporting from closed-door briefings on Capitol Hill have claimed that the origin of the technology required in such attacks is "more likely than not in Russia," but that China could also be a culprit. CIA Director Burns, when asked specifically if Russia is behind the incidents, stated: "Could be, but I honestly cannot—I don't want to suggest until we can draw some more definitive conclusions who it might be. But there are a number of possibilities." U.S. RESPONSE SO FAR Last year, under the leadership of then-Di rector of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe and National Counterintelligence and Security Center (NCSC) Director Bill Evanina, agencies were required to come up with a "more stan dardized set of criteria," and the NCSC was designated as the clearinghouse to compile and collect data on government-wide cases. The State Department, the CIA, and the Defense Department each have a task force looking into the Havana syndrome. In addi tion, to assist in detecting incidents, the State Department "has established a team of medical experts to respond to reports of possible health incidents, and offered baseline medical screen ings to diplomats in case they later report an incident." It was recently reported that CIA Director Burns put a veteran of the agency's hunt for Osama bin Laden in charge of the CIA's task force. Reportedly, the U.S. has started a program to develop countermeasures to these directed-en ergy attacks. CIA Director Burns has tripled the number of full-time medical personnel at the CIA who are looking into these issues. Addition ally, Burns has said that he has a strong team focused on the questions of "What?" and "Who?" Legislators on Capitol Hill have also been investigating the issue, looking at codified Additionally, it has been reported that the NSC is establishing two expert panels to study the issue. The panels will be composed of experts from both "inside and outside of government" and will focus on determining the cause of the Havana syndrome as well as possible treatment methods. The State Depart ment has also directed those posted overseas to report any symptoms consistent with direct ed-energy attacks to the Bureau of Medical Services for a possible referral to the National Institutes of Health. changes and resources to address the origins of the incidents, the CIA's initial response, and workforce health claims and treatments, as well as codifying a recently appointed position, the Anomalous Health Incidents Interagency Coordinator, within the NSC to coordinate government-wide action on the investigation of the origins and response to the incidents. The Senate Intelligence Committee's recently approved Intelligence Authorization Act gives those affected access to Walter Reed Medical Center, which has unique specialties for brain injuries. The Senate version of the fiscal year 2022 National Defense Authorization Act authorizes an additional $30 million for the Defense Health Program to treat victims.	<urn:uuid:5d25dc74-3aea-41f8-8c62-6e01482dcb08>	CC-MAIN-2022-40	https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/FS217.pdf	2022-09-30T22:36:13+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-40/subset=warc/part-00241-26160df0-1827-4787-a515-95ecaa2c9688.c000.gz.parquet	847,646,988	1,512	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.996937	eng_Latn	0.998817	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 3052, 6914, 7636 ]
Terms of Reference (TOR) for Appointment of Project Management Consultant (Individual) 1. Background: The Bangladesh Public-Private Partnership Act, 2015 ("PPP Act") was enacted and gazetted on 16 September, 2015. Under this act, the PPP Authority was established in September 2015 as a separate, autonomous Authority under the Prime Minister's Office to act as a catalyst to proactively identify, realize, screen, develop and provide support for PPP projects. The PPP Authority supports line Ministries to facilitate identification, development and tendering of PPP projects to international standards. For interested investors and lenders, the PPP Authority provides a professional, transparent, centralized portal to high quality PPP Projects. The PPP Authority helps to augment government sector line ministry project development efforts with world-class external PPP resources, with the goal of increasing the quality, attractiveness, and sustainability of PPP projects while realizing them in an efficient and cost-effective manner. PPP Authority not only has a regulatory oversight role, it offers project development support, and provides expert project facilitation services to the Contracting Authorities and Line Ministries. PPP Authority adopted "Policy for Implementing PPP Projects through Government to Government (G2G) Partnership, 2017" which allowed Government of Bangladesh represented by PPPA to enter into MoUs with suitable counterpart organizations of friendly countries. PPPA is engaged with four countries through G2G partnership i.e. Japan, Korea, Singapore, Dubai and is developing new partnerships with other interested countries. PPP Authoirty engages in-house expertise to maintain all the communications, coordinate the activities between multiple foreign and local stakeholders, updating and reporting of the progress to concerned authorities. 2. Objectives: The purpose of this tender is to appoint a full-time individual Project Management Consultant who can support the PPP Authority in coordinating and managing regular PPP projects as well as G2G PPP program. 3. Scope of Services: The PPP Project Management Consultant will be responsible for project appraisal and technical assistance to line Ministries in undertaking PPP projects. S/he will continuously interact and liaise with project sponsor and ensure that only quality projects are presented to the Government. The tasks that the PPP Project Management Consultant will need to undertake include (but not limited to the following): * Support the PPP Authority's remit to administer PPP project identification and qualification, project development and implementation process. This will include (but is not limited (to): □ Developing and updating project action plans and liaising with relevant stakeholders to monitor progress □ Supporting project screening activity on projects submitted to the PPP Authority and developing reports of the assessment. □ Monitoring and reporting on the progress of the PPP project and the linked projects. □ Support PPP Authority in implementing G2G PPP partnership. □ Contributing to the development and inputs of detailing the Management Information System to track and monitor progress on project. □ Provide detailed support in the procurement of advisors in relation to the PPP project and the linked projects. □ Review the activities of the advisors against the ToR to ensure compliance. □ Contributing to the development of an `in-house' or support the finalization of external Prefeasibility and Detailed Feasibility Report on the PPP project. □ Engaging with advisors to ensure project progress is in line with planned timeframe. □ Reviewing the terms and conditions of Bid documents to be issued for the PPP project to ensure they meet PPP guidelines. □ Liaise with PPP Authority consultant and staff to co-ordinate their inputs in supporting the development to PPP projects. □ Support the accumulation of information from the PPP project applications and proposals to ensure they meet submission requirements. □ Provide project management support over the project development and procurement phase □ Assist in the evaluation of PPP proposals over the procurement phase. □ Perform such other tasks assigned by the CEO as may become necessary. □ Provide support in the training/workshop sessions to Line Ministry/Implementing Agency/other stakeholders □ Supporting the PPP Authority in planning, organising and carrying out road shows and investor promotion activities through providing logistics support The total services will need to be delivered over a contract period of 24 months, but may be extended until the financial closure of the project on mutual agreement. 4. Required Qualification and Experience The consultant is desired to fulfil the following requirements: a) MBA/Master's Degree on finance/accounting/economics or a similar relevant professional degree. b) At least 5 years of experience of working in a relevant financial, project management, procurement or commercial discipline in a relevant enterprise (for e.g. financial institution, accountancy firm, law firm, consultancy firm). c) At least 2 years of work experience in project management. Experience in commercial oriented infrastructure sector project management will be distinct advantage. d) Good understanding of commercial lending terms and banking market. e) Good interpersonal skill and ability to communicate effectively with government and private sector officials who may have limited or no financial background. f) Must have strong and proven communication and presentation skills. g) Must be skilled and fluent in the use of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint Project. h) Must have very good typing speed, both in English and Bengali. 5. Application Procedure An application should be submitted along with a detailed CV and a recent photograph. A financial proposal also needs to be submitted along with the application but in a separate sealed envelope. Preferred applicant may be interviewed. The template for the CV and financial proposal is provided in the annexure to this document. A Quality and Cost Based Selection (QCBS) method would be followed for the evaluation purpose with 75% weightage to the Qualification and Experience requirement criteria. 1. NAME 2. ADDRESS 3. NATIONALITY 4. DATE OF BIRTH 5. EDUCATION 6. TRAINING AND WORKSHOP 7. SUMMARY OF PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES 8. COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE 9. DETAILS OF RELEVANT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES * Job Title * Employer * Description of Duties: (Please mention name and details of specific and relevant projects only) 10. EXPERIENCE OF RELEVANT COMMUNICATION, WRITING AND PRESENTATION SKILL (Please list relevant experience) Annex 1: CV Template Annex 2: Financial Proposal Template * Please insert the net expected monthly amount. Any applicable government taxes would be added back to the amount for determining contract celling during the contract tenure.	<urn:uuid:c7ca441e-63ea-482e-9119-5a449df4319d>	CC-MAIN-2022-40	http://pppo.gov.bd/download/ppp_office/tender-advisors/eoi-3consultans-18122019/TOR_Individual_PMC-18122019.pdf	2022-10-05T11:20:46+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-40/subset=warc/part-00107-26160df0-1827-4787-a515-95ecaa2c9688.c000.gz.parquet	39,522,208	1,291	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.886122	eng_Latn	0.985006	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2416, 4736, 6327, 6776, 6991 ]
This article was downloaded by: [Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam] On: 29 August 2011, At: 03:10 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Bisexuality Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wjbi20 The Bisexual Youth of Color Intersecting Identities Development Model: A Contextual Approach to Understanding Multiple Marginalization Experiences a Kirstyn Yuk Sim Chun & Anneliese A. Singh b a California State University, Long Beach, California, USA b The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA Available online: 08 Dec 2010 To cite this article: Kirstyn Yuk Sim Chun & Anneliese A. Singh (2010): The Bisexual Youth of Color Intersecting Identities Development Model: A Contextual Approach to Understanding Multiple Marginalization Experiences, Journal of Bisexuality, 10:4, 429-451 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2010.521059 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Journal of Bisexuality, 10:429–451, 2010 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC DOI: 10.1080/15299716.2010.521059 The Bisexual Youth of Color Intersecting Identities Development Model: A Contextual Approach to Understanding Multiple Marginalization Experiences KIRSTYN YUK SIM CHUN California State University, Long Beach, California, USA ANNELIESE A. SINGH The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA This article introduces the bisexual youth of color (BYOC) intersecting identities development model. Grounded in literature regarding racial/ethnic, lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, questioning (LGBQQ), gender identity and adolescent identity development, this model assumes an ecological perspective (Bronfrenbrenner, 1989) in exploring the complexity of intersecting identities for bisexual youth of color. This model represents a dynamic conceptualization of the ﬂuidity with which the identities of sexually ﬂuid youth of color may continually evolve in response to changes within the microsystem and macrosystem of their lives. With potential applications for practice, research, and training, the BYOC intersecting identities development model seeks to fundamentally change clinical, empirical and pedagogical conversations about the identity development of bisexual youth of color. KEYWORDS bisexual, LGBT, youth, people of color, multicultural, identity development This article proposes a model of identity development for bisexual youth of color drawing from the literature on racial/ethnic, lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, questioning (LGBQQ), gender identity and adolescent identity development. There has been a general call to the ﬁeld to develop Address correspondence to Kirstyn Yuk Sim Chun, Counseling and Psychological Services, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellﬂower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA 90840-0111, USA. E-mail: [email protected] conceptual models clinicians may use to attend to the intersecting identities clients present within counseling and psychotherapy, particularly those clients who hold historically marginalized identities (Firestein, 2007; Inman, 2008). The response to this call has been slow, however, leaving signiﬁcant gaps in practice and training with regard to clients whose identities intersect at locations of oppression. Literature regarding youth of color has sometimes focused exclusively on race, without integrating exploration and discussion of sexual and gender ﬂuidity (Fleming, Catalano, Haggerty, & Abbott, 2010; Tiet, Huizinga, & Byrnes, 2010). Previous literature on LGBQQ youth has included bisexual youth in its title but rarely pays speciﬁc attention to the unique stressors bisexual youth may encounter (D'Augelli, 2006; Marshal, Friedman, Stall, & Thompson, 2009). Similarly, scholarship on bisexual youth focuses on issues of sexual orientation and occasionally gender identity, leaving issues of racial/ethnic identity development relatively unaddressed (Entrup & Firestein, 2007; Zhao, Montoro, Igartua, & Thombs, 2010). The purpose of this article is to expand the body of literature regarding bisexual youth of color, using Feldman and Elliott's (1990) deﬁnition of middle and late adolescence (age 15–20 years). In doing so, a review of racial/ethnic identity development, LGBQQ adolescent identity development, bisexual identity development and gender identity development is provided. The article proposes a bisexual youth of color (BYOC) intersecting identities development model (see Figure 1) that assumes an ecological perspective (Bronfenbrenner, 1989) in exploring the complexity of intersecting identities for bisexual youth of color. This model represents a dynamic conceptualization of the ﬂuidity with which the identities of sexually ﬂuid youth of color may continually evolve in response to changes within the microsystem (e.g., primary social support and youth resilience) and macrosystem (e.g., sociopolitical context) of their lives. Although the model is inclusive of a range of identities, it is intended for clinical use with cases in which bisexual, broader LGBQQ, gender and racial/ethnic minority identity issues are most salient. A case example is provided to illustrate application of the model. RACIAL/ETHNIC IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT The racial/ethnic identity of bisexual youth of color is rarely explored in counseling and psychological research, which is not surprising as issues of race and ethnicity are often overlooked in research regarding sexual minority youth in general (Berlan, Corliss, Field, Goodman, & Austin, 2010; Corliss et al., 2010). Racial/ethnic identity development models generally share a focus on the ways in which youth begin to understand their status in relation to a particular ethnic group (Holcomb-McCoy, 2005). These models also explore the processes through which youth of color understand how their racial and ethnic groups are perceived by others (Phinney, 1993; Rivas-Drake, Hughes, & Way, 2009). For instance, Phinney (1993) proposed three stages of ethnic identity development for ethnic minority youth. She based her model on existing models of identity development and racial/ethnic identity development and explored her model through qualitative interviews with 10th graders. In the ﬁrst stage, unexamined ethnic identity, a youth's ethnic identity is rarely explored as the youth ascribes to majority culture values and attitudes. The second stage—ethnic identity search/moratorium—includes a "growing awareness that not all cultural values of the dominant group are beneﬁcial to ethnic minorities" (p. 69). In the third stage, ethnic identity achievement, youth begin to accept and internalize their ethnicity as an important part of who they are. Helms' (1990) model of racial identity development centers experiences of racist stereotypes, bias and internalized racism as core components of the model. In this way, the Helms' model acknowledges the lived experiences of people of color as racialized beings. This model identiﬁes ﬁve ego statuses (previously termed "stages") of the people of color racial identity development model: conformity, dissonance, immersion, emersion, internalization and integrated awareness. In later writing on the model, Helms (1996) added that these "stages" should not be thought of as linear processes but instead should be viewed as "statuses" that people of color may cycle into and out of based on their racialized experiences. It is important to note that Helms recognized the unique differences between racial and ethnic group experiences. However, Helms also asserted that most people of color share experiences of being treated as non-White individuals in society and therefore share similar coping strategies in common. Therefore, it is important to understand how coping strategies related to racial/ethnic identity development inﬂuence the well-being of bisexual youth of color. Rivas-Drake et al. (2009) used an ecological framework to examine the racial/ethnic identity development of 483 urban sixth graders in New York City. Their ﬁndings suggested that the ethnic identity socialization of these youth was positively correlated with that of their parents. In these cases, the youth demonstrated an increase in (1) positive thoughts and feelings about their own racial/ethnic group, (2) increased levels of identiﬁcation with their own racial/ethnic group (ethnic centrality), and (3) an enhanced understanding of ways in which others might perceive the youth's racial/ethnic group. Rodr´ıguez, Umana-Taylor, Smith, and Johnson (2009) identiﬁed important ﬁndings with regard to adolescent racial/ethnic identity development across seven studies. These studies tested hypothetical models regarding the extent to which parental racial/ethnic socialization is associated with youth's academic and personal well-being. The authors found across the studies that racial/ethnic socialization messages focusing on cultural pride and preparing youth of color for the potential of racial/ethnic discrimination resulted in higher levels of self-esteem and racial/ethnic identity development among youth. The authors did note discrepancies across the studies between some of the racial/ethnic groups to which youth of color belonged, suggesting a need for additional scholarship regarding cross-cultural comparisons of adolescent racial/ethnic identity development. Integrating models by Phinney (1993) and Helms' (1990, 1996) model— in addition to noting recent studies on racial/ethnic identity development—it seems clear that counselors and psychologists working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and questioning youth should explore ways in which the racial/ethnic identity development of bisexual youth of color may be inﬂuenced by (1) the degree to which they experience cultural pride and (2) their perceptions of their own racial/ethnic group. Clinicians must also assess the extent to which youth racial/ethnic identity statuses are related to their personal and academic achievement. In the following section, we review LGBQQ adolescent identity development in general. LGBQQ ADOLESCENT IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT Available literature regarding adolescents who identify as LGBQQ has typically emphasized potential stressors LGBQQ youth may experience regarding identity acceptance and disclosure (e.g., Hershberger & D'Augelli, 2000; Ritter & Terndrup, 2002). In their review of empirical literature regarding LGBQQ adolescents, Anhalt and Morris (2003) noted these youth may experience victimization related to sexual orientation, negative consequences of coming out to others and exposure to high-risk sexual behaviors. It is within this sociopolitical context that LGBQQ adolescents must explore their sexual identities, connect with the larger queer community, negotiate dating and sexual relationships, consider coming out to family and friends and cope with social environments that may be unsupportive of their sexual orientations (Hershberger & D'Augelli, 2000). Since the late 1970s, several models of lesbian and gay identity have been proposed (e.g., Cass, 1979, 1983; Coleman, 1981; Troiden, 1989). These early models outlined developmental stages through which LGBQQ individuals are assumed to progress as they explore, accept and disclose their sexual orientations. A full review of these models is beyond the scope of this article; however, it should be noted that the concept of "sexual ﬂuidity" complicates discussions about LGBQQ adolescent identity development. Savin-Williams (2005) deﬁned sexual ﬂuidity as "a ﬂexible identity that affords greater freedom of expression, potential, openness, and a breaking of boundaries" (p. 174). With this particular population, sexual ﬂuidity may simply be a by-product of developmental process as adolescents explore new sexual interests (Petersen, Leffert, & Graham, 1995) with or without choosing to label themselves as LGBQQ (Anhalt & Morris, 2003). Alternatively, sexual ﬂuidity that emerges in adolescence may result in a fully integrated bisexual identity (or other bisexual identity label with modiﬁers, such as "bi-lesbian" or "bi-queer") that remains stable over time (Rodr´ıguez Rust, 2007). BISEXUAL, QUEER AND QUESTIONING IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT It was precisely these limitations of the early lesbian and gay identity development stage models that prompted demand for more nuanced models reﬂecting the inherent complexity of bisexual identity development (Fox, 1995; Morrow, 1989; Paul, 1996; Zinik, 1985). Given the variability in bisexual types (Weinberg, Williams, & Pryor, 1994), bisexual patterns (Rust, 1993) and bisexual histories (Zinik, 1995), 1990s literature on this topic clariﬁed that bisexual identity development should not be expected to resemble the linear process and ﬁxed outcomes suggested by the lesbian and gay identity development models. Early models of bisexual identity development (Collins, 2000; Weinberg et al., 1994) continued to conceptualize identity in terms of stages but discarded the notion that bisexual identity development ends in universal ﬁxed outcomes. Weinberg and colleagues (1994) developed the following set of stages to describe bisexual identity development: initial confusion, ﬁnding and applying the label, settling into the identity and continued uncertainty. Collins (2000) compared processes of identity development for bisexual and biracial individuals, suggesting parallels between the two courses of identity development in the following stage model: Phase I—Questioning/Confusion, Phase II—Refusal/Suppression, Phase III—Infusion/Exploration, and Phase IV—Resolution/Acceptance. Subsequent shifts in the literature have reﬂected new trends among youth who identify as bisexual (or some other form of sexually ﬂuid) and eschew traditional sexual identity labels (e.g., Entrup & Firestein, 2007; Russell, Clark, & Clary, 2009; Savin-Williams, 2005). Indeed, Entrup and Firestein (2007) have dubbed today's youth, ages 15 to 35, "The Next Generation" with a "sexuality that is characterized by ﬂuidity, ambisexuality, a reluctance to label their sexuality" (p. 89). Similarly, Savin-Williams (2005) described the recent trend away from sexual identity labels among sexually ﬂuid youth, "These young people are repudiating the appropriateness and artiﬁciality of dichotomous deﬁnitions of sexual identity as they challenge cultural deﬁnitions of gay lives" (p. 209). GENDER IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT Although recent scholarship regarding sexual minority youth has begun to emphasize the signiﬁcance of sexual ﬂuidity, theorists have suggested that gender identity development has a complex interaction with socialization processes as well (Singh, Boyd, & Whitman, 2010). To date, there has been no speciﬁc exploration of the gender identity development of bisexual youth in general or bisexual youth of color speciﬁcally. However, there has been a general exploration of gender identity development and related socialization processes. Szkrybalo and Ruble (1999) suggested three stages of gender identity development for children and discussed gender and sex as interrelated constructs. In the ﬁrst stage, between age 9 months and 3 years, children develop gender identity, where they are able to label the sex of others and their own sex. Children then achieve the second stage, gender stability, by age 4 years, where they realize their sex remains stable as they grow older. In the third stage, from age 4 to 7 years, children develop gender constancy—or the realization that their sex identity does not change as their selection of clothing, activities, hairstyles or personality traits evolves over time. Although Szkrybalo and Ruble (1999) do not speciﬁcally integrate the inﬂuences of sexism into their theory of early gender identity development, it is important to recognize that signiﬁcant differences exist in the ways adolescent girls and boys are socialized based on their assigned gender. For instance, Leapner and Brown (2008) explored how sexism speciﬁcally inﬂuenced the lives of 600 adolescent girls. Their ﬁndings suggested the majority of participants experienced high rates of discrimination based on their gender in the classroom and with regard to athletics. More than 90% of the sample reported sexual harassment by peers. Adolescent boys do not seem to escape the costs of sexism in their own identity development either. Chu (2008) encouraged researchers and theorists of boys' identity development to take a relational approach to understanding their gender socialization and identity processes. Chu suggested there is a cost of the masculine privilege adolescent boys hold, resulting in negative consequences for psychological well-being, social interactions and experiences in relationships. Priess, Lindberg, and Hyde (2009) conducted a longitudinal study of 410 adolescent girls and boys regarding "gender intensiﬁcation" (pressure to adopt socialized gender roles) and its relationship to mental health. Their ﬁndings indicated girls demonstrated higher levels of femininity at ages 11, 13 and 15 than boys in the study. However, diverging from previous research, the girls and boys did not report differences in masculinity. In addition, levels of masculinity predicted fewer depressive symptoms when the youth in this study experienced moderate levels of stress. The authors indicated a need for researchers to revisit conceptualizations of gender identity development within a more modern framework. A MODEL OF IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT FOR BISEXUAL YOUTH OF COLOR Each of the above models describing racial/ethnic identity, LGBQQ adolescent identity, bisexual identity and gender identity development has contributed signiﬁcantly to our understanding of the developmental processes for adolescents. However, their singular focus on one aspect of identity has rendered application of these models to youth with "multiple minority" identities challenging. For example, racial/ethnic minority identity models may not capture the full experience of bisexual youth of color. The same criticism may be levied against the LGBQQ adolescent identity models, in their failure to account for cultural factors that may affect development. In addition, LGBQQ models sometimes focus more on the experiences of lesbian and gay youth, ignoring variations in sexual and gender ﬂuidity. Psychologists seeking to understand bisexual youth of color and other individuals who are marginalized on multiple fronts must often resort to additively applying the above models in an effort to understand the complexity of intersecting identities. Although resourceful, this approach cannot account for the exponential or interactive effect of one aspect of minority identity exacerbating another. Indeed Jamil, Harper, Fernandez, and the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (2009) noted that many racial/ethnic minority identity models promote immersion in communities of color (Cross, 1978; Helms, 1990) at a time when LGBQQ youth of color may feel uncomfortable in communities of color that retain heterosexist and homophobic attitudes (Chung & Katayama, 1998; Parks, 2001). In addition, LGBQQ youth of color may encounter racism from White lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) counterparts, which prohibits full access to the queer community support suggested by the LGBQQ adolescent identity models (Harper, Jernewall, & Zea, 2004; Martinez & Sullivan, 1998). The ﬁeld of psychology is beginning to recognize the importance of exploring intersections of identities like race and sexual orientation (e.g., Jamil et al., 2009). Consistent with this trend, this article proposes a model of identity development for bisexual youth of color. The bisexual youth of color intersecting identities development model, hereafter known as the BYOC intersecting identities development model, includes aspects of the four identity models discussed above (racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual and gender identities) but differs from its predecessors by directly addressing intersections of these identities within the sociopolitical context. The proposed model's emphasis on intersecting identities therefore encourages a more holistic view of identity development among bisexual youth of color, as compared to previous models that attended only to singular aspects of identity. Although the model is inclusive of a full range of identities, it is intended for clinical use in cases where bisexual, broader LGBQQ, gender and racial/ethnic minority identity issues are most salient, as empirical research literature (e.g., Rosario, Schrimshaw, & Hunter, 2004, 2008) has identiﬁed speciﬁc stressors associated with the intersection of sexual, gender and racial/ethnic minority identities. In addition, bisexual people of color may experience unique stressors, such as bi-phobia and limited support, that tend to isolate them further from racial/ethnic, heterosexual and LGBT communities (Collins, 2000, 2007; Ferrer & G´omez, 2007; Scott, 2007). Description of the BYOC Intersecting Identities Development Model Speciﬁcally, the BYOC intersecting identities development model posits that the resiliency of bisexual adolescents of color affects and is affected by these intersections of identities. For example, exposure to multiple forms of marginalization often places individuals at risk for mental health issues (Greene, 1997; Meyer, 2003). When this occurs, resiliency of bisexual adolescents of color is affected by intersections of identities. If, however, individuals learn to adapt and overcome different types of discrimination, they emerge strengthened by adversity and better prepared for the next set of challenges. Indeed, Meyer (2003) emphasized the importance of "stress ameliorating factors" (p. 677) in addressing minority stress. In the best of circumstances, experiences with marginalization bring not only stress but potential resources like group solidarity and cohesiveness that mitigate adverse mental health effects of minority stress (Miller & Major, 2000; Postmes & Branscombe, 2002). When this occurs, resilience of bisexual adolescents affects intersections of identities. The BYOC intersecting identities development model is depicted graphically in Figure 1. The illustration of this model includes two large concentric circles that encompass a cluster of seven smaller circles. The largest concentric circle represents the sociopolitical context (macrosystem) in which the bisexual youth of color lives. The smaller concentric circle symbolizes the bisexual youth of color identity development (microsystem). The cluster of seven smaller circles signiﬁes distinct, but overlapping, identity development processes (racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual, gender identity development, ability, socioeconomic and religious/spiritual). The areas of overlap represent intersections of these different aspects of identity. The conceptualization of a single racial/ethnic identity development process was intended to highlight themes common to many people of color groups (e.g., Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, 1998; Helms, 1990; Phinney, 1993) rather than minimizing differences between groups. As mentioned above, the model is inclusive of a range of identities but is intended for clinical use in cases where bisexual, broader LGBQQ, gender and racial/ethnic identity issues are most salient. The case example provided below therefore focuses on the model's application to bisexual, broader LGBTQQ, gender and racial/ethnic minority identity issues. SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT Consistent with the authors' commitment to social justice, this model adopts a community psychology perspective by making explicit the sociopolitical factors (macrosystem) that affect the mental health of bisexual youth of color in the largest concentric circle, sociopolitical context. Whereas previous identity models (e.g., Helms, 1990; Phinney, 1993; Szkrybalo & Ruble, 1999; Troiden, 1989; Weinberg et al., 1994) acknowledged social environment factors only from the perspective of individual thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, the BYOC intersecting identities development model explicitly incorporates elements of Brofenbrenner's (1989) ecological systems theory like the macrosystem (laws, customs, attitudes and values of one's community) as well as the microsystem (people and circumstances to which individual is exposed on a daily basis). Although similar to the ecological systems theory in its acknowledgement of macrosystem and microsystem, the BYOC intersecting identities development model differs in its emphasis on intersections of identity within the microsystem. BISEXUAL YOUTH OF COLOR IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT Within the sociopolitical context (macrosystem), the bisexual youth of color identity development (microsystem) smaller concentric circle includes the various identity development processes the individual may experience (i.e., racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual, gender identity development, ability, socioeconomic and religious/spiritual). The BYOC intersecting identities development model posits these aspects of identity may interact throughout the youth's development. This is represented graphically in Figure 1 as a cluster of seven smaller overlapping circles depicting racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual, gender identity development, ability, socioeconomic and religious/spiritual identity development. The conceptualization of LGBQQ adolescent identity development and bisexual identity development as distinct identity development processes within this model may initially seem confusing, as LGBQQ identity development should by deﬁnition include bisexual identity development as well. The inclusion of bisexual identity development as a construct separate from LGBQQ identity development within this model, however, was intentional. As noted above, in theory and in practice 'GBQQ' often really includes only 'LG.' The supposed inclusion of 'B' and even 'QQ' in the 'LGBQQ' acronym often represents well-intentioned, but unfulﬁlled, efforts at including issues that are never really addressed in some settings. In addition, bisexual youth may experience unique stressors as compared to their lesbian and gay counterparts, such as complex identity development processes (Fox, 1995; Morrow, 1989; Paul, 1996; Zinik, 1985), "double discrimination" from lesbian/gay and heterosexual communities (Ochs, 1996, p. 217), and signiﬁcantly less social support and resources than lesbian and gay peers (Mulick & Wright, 2002; Ochs, 1996; Weiss, 2003). For these reasons, the BYOC intersecting identities development model explicitly identiﬁes bisexual identity development as a distinct and signiﬁcant process. The model also includes LGBQQ identity development to represent the acculturation youth often experience to the general nonheteronormative community. Although Figure 1 is by necessity a static illustration, the model itself is intended to be viewed as a dynamic conceptualization in which (1) components of the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem (i.e., racial/ethnic identity development, LGBQQ adolescent identity development, bisexual identity development and gender identity development) and (2) areas of overlap, which represent intersections of identities within the bisexual youth of color identity microsystem, may increase or decrease in size depending on the individual's sociopolitical context (macrosystem) and personal resilience (found within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem). For example, many youth of color are raised within families that share the youth's racial and ethnic identity. If family support is strong enough to offset racial and ethnic discrimination encountered at the sociopolitical level, then healthy racial and ethnic identities are more likely to develop. This trajectory is even more probable if youth resilience is also present within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. However, families of color may or may not have experience with or knowledge of concepts of sexual and gender ﬂuidity. Limited understanding of these concepts may lead to limited support for the sexual and gender minority identity development of youth. In the worst cases, outright rejection of sexual and gender minority identities can signiﬁcantly impair development of LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual and gender minority identity development. In this case, the graphic representation of the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem would include a larger circle for racial/ethnic identity development, meaning this area has grown in response to support within the microsystem (e.g., parental assistance, youth resilience) sufﬁcient to offset racial and ethnic discrimination at the macrosystem (sociopolitical context) level. Smaller, overlapping circles for LGBQQ adolescent identity development, bisexual identity development and gender identity development within the same graphic representation would suggest these areas are limited in their development due to limited support within the microsystem and macrosystem levels. To continue with this example, bisexual youth of color who subsequently manage to befriend other sexual minority peers during adolescence could then experience growth in LGBQQ adolescent identity development within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. The presence of youth resilience within the microsystem would support this growth and be more likely to compensate for any heterosexism within the sociopolitical context at the macrosystem level. A graphic representation of the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem at this phase would include two larger circles for racial/ethnic identity development and LGBQQ adolescent identity development, indicating both aspects of identity have experienced growth. In cases where such youth receive support for sexual minority identity as a general concept but do not receive speciﬁc support (or worse, discrimination and rejection) for bisexual and any gender nonconﬁrming identities, then the graphic representation would still include two smaller circles for bisexual identity development and gender identity development. This illustration would indicate minimal development of bisexual and gender identities, due to limited support for these aspects of identity within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. Using the same example, bisexual youth of color who subsequently locate support for their bisexual identities (perhaps through a peer, teacher or parent educated about sexual ﬂuidity) could then continue with bisexual identity development within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. Again, the presence of youth resilience would support this process and likely offset bi-phobia encountered within the sociopolitical context at the macrosystem level. A graphic representation of the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem at this phase would include three enlarged circles for racial/ethnic identity development, LGBQQ identity development and bisexual identity development. If a bisexual youth of color in this situation felt that hir 1 gender identity was not congruent with hir sex assigned at birth, then additional support would be needed for healthy gender identity development. If the gender nonconﬁrming bisexual youth of color in this case were to receive such support from peers or adults in hir life, then growth of gender identity development within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem is more likely to occur. The presence of youth resilience would increase the likelihood of this trajectory, as it could compensate for transphobia encountered at the sociopolitical context of the macrosystem level. A graphic representation of the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem at this phase would include a fourth enlarged circle for gender identity development along with enlarged circles for racial/ethnic identity development, LGBQQ identity development, and bisexual identity development. It should be noted that bisexual and other sexually ﬂuid individuals may or may not identify as gender nonconforming, as gender identity is a construct often related to but distinct from sexual orientation. Although beyond the scope of this article, changes in identity development regarding ability, socioeconomic status and religious/spiritual afﬁliation may also support or exacerbate the development of other intersecting aspects of identity among bisexual youth of color. Thus far, the examples used to illustrate application of the BYOC intersecting identities development model have focused on differences in development among racial/ethnic, LGBQQ, bisexual and gender identity development within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem with the acknowledgment that other aspects of identity like ability, socioeconomic status and religious/spiritual identity may inﬂuence development. This model is also intended to portray a dynamic conceptualization in which areas of overlap among racial/ethnic, LGBQQ, bisexual and gender identities may increase or decrease in size depending on the individual's sociopolitical context (macrosystem) and personal resilience (found within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem). These areas of overlap are intended to illustrate intersections of identities within the bisexual youth of color identity microsystem. For example, larger areas of overlap between racial and ethnic identity development, LGBQQ adolescent identity development and bisexual identity development might occur in situations where bisexual youth of color are raised in cultural traditions that are more permissive of sexual ﬂuidity (e.g., two-spirit tradition in some Native cultures). Similarly, areas of overlap between racial and ethnic identity development and gender identity development may also emerge for youth exposed to cultural traditions that tolerate increased gender ﬂuidity. Increased intersection of identities may also occur between LGBQQ adolescent identity development and bisexual identity development in cases where bisexual youth of color discover LGBTQQ communities that are inclusive and afﬁrmative of bisexual individuals. Although racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual and gender identity development processes within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem can and should be viewed as distinct, increased intersections among these aspects of identity may reduce internal conﬂict, support youth resilience and therefore help bisexual youth of color better negotiate challenges within the sociopolitical context of the macrosystem level. It should be noted that the BYOC intersecting identities development model is intended to permit ﬂuidity within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem (i.e., aspects of identity development, primary social support system, youth resilience) as well as acknowledge shifts in the sociopolitical context level of the macrosystem. In creating a model of intersecting identities for bisexual youth of color, it seemed especially important to acknowledge the ﬂuidity inherent in a bisexual identiﬁcation process that may develop, and redevelop, over time. It should also be noted that the examples provided above depict only one possible trajectory for the development of intersecting identities among bisexual youth of color. Given the diversity among bisexual youth of color, their microsystems and their macrosystems, it would be reasonable to assume that their development might follow any number of trajectories in a variety of sequences. Clinical Application of the BYOC Intersecting Identities Development Model A clinical case example is provided to illustrate application of the BYOC intersecting identities development model. Because the model is intended for use with cases in which bisexual, broader LGBQQ adolescent, gender and racial/ethnic identity issues are most salient, this ﬁctional case example focuses primarily on these issues. The signiﬁcance of other identity issues regarding ability, socioeconomic status and religious/spiritual afﬁliation is acknowledged. Use of this model in clinical settings should include attention to these and other aspects of identity in the broader context of counseling. CASE VIGNETTE Lupe is a 19-year-old, single, bilingual, second-generation Mexican American who identiﬁes as a bisexual. She was assigned the female sex at birth and uses female pronouns but identiﬁes as "stud" or "butch." She is a sophomore in college, majoring in chemistry. Originally from a rural, agricultural town, she now lives on campus and is active in student organizations afﬁliated with her college and the campus Multicultural Center. Lupe is the ﬁrst in her family to attend college, but she helps her parents manage the family's restaurant when she returns home during winter and summer breaks. Raised Catholic, she now describes herself as "spiritual" but no longer attends church. She denied any disabilities at the present time. Lupe's family discovered her same-sex attraction when they found her kissing a female friend in high school. Since then her father has struggled to accept his eldest daughter might be lesbiana, while her mother avoids eye contact and refuses to speak to any of Lupe's female friends, fearing they might be girlfriends. In fact, Lupe has had romantic and sexual relationships with mostly women but some men as well since then. When asked about her sexual identity, however, she rolls her eyes and sighs, "I'm bi, I guess . . . I like being with girls or guys . . . but I don't dare tell my parents. The last thing I need is them getting their hopes up and thinking I'm going to get married in the church and produce grandkids, like they always wanted." Despite having a growing network of LGBT and heterosexual friends, Lupe reports reluctance to share her bisexual identity with any of them. Biting her lip, she explains, "I hear how all my lesbian friends talk about bisexuals . . . like we're all 'sluts' or just 'going through a phase.' What would they think of me if they found out? And I would never tell my straight guy friends . . . they're cool and will play ball with me, but if they thought there was a chance for them, they'd probably ask for a three-way or something. And with me being butch and all, that'd probably confuse everyone even more." Lupe presents in counseling with moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety regarding recent changes in her social support network. She reports her girlfriend ended their one-year relationship a few months ago. Since then, Lupe has "hooked up" occasionally with "a couple" of women and one male friend. She has also been experiencing increased tension in her friendships. Lupe lost contact with her girlfriend's friends following the "break up," her roommate has been asking questions about why Lupe is avoiding their male friend (with whom Lupe recently had sex), and she is currently "not talking to" two good friends following a heated debate about state and federal immigration policies in class. CASE CONCEPTUALIZATION The BYOC intersecting identities development model will be used to formulate a case conceptualization of Lupe. Sociopolitical context. The sociopolitical context, or macrosystem, in which Lupe lives includes a national debate regarding immigration policies and federal laws that are not fully inclusive of LGBT rights. As a bisexual youth of color, Lupe's mental health is likely affected by laws, customs, attitudes and values that treat her differently on the basis of her sexual orientation, gender identity/expression, race/ethnicity or other aspects of her identity. In particular, her identity as a Mexican American youth may place her at risk for stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias (American Psychological Association, 2010) by anti-immigration individuals or groups who assume all Latinas/os are undocumented. As noted in the case vignette, the tension surrounding the national debate on immigration has already affected some of Lupe's friendships, following a heated classroom debate about the role of immigrants in the economy. In addition, Lupe's experiences growing up in a rural town with limited LGBT resources may have increased feelings of loneliness and isolation. Bisexual youth of color identity development. Throughout her adolescence, Lupe's overall development may be inﬂuenced by the interaction of racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual, gender identity, ability, socioeconomic status, religious/spiritual and other identities. This discussion focuses on ways in which racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual and gender identities interact within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem, because the model is intended for cases in which these issues are most salient. Racial/ethnic identity development. An intake evaluation with Lupe revealed early awareness of her racial/ethnic identity development. Growing in a rural, agricultural town where Latinas/os and Anglos interacted only in occupational settings, Lupe relied upon her family and community for support when Anglo classmates used racial slurs to describe her and her monolingual parents in elementary school. Although challenging, Lupe described these experiences as signiﬁcant in solidifying her sense of herself as a Mexican American individual with a strong sense of cultural identity. She credited her family and community for helping her maintain cultural traditions like making tamales at Christmas and visiting the cemetery in observance of Dia de Los Muertos. The BYOC intersecting identities development model can therefore be used to understand Lupe's racial/ethnic identity development as a bisexual youth of color within the sociopolitical context of a rural, agricultural area with few LGBT resources and a history of tension between Latinas/os and Anglos. With family and community support, her racial/ethnic identity development ﬂourished in spite of the sociopolitical context within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. LGBQQ identity development. Although aware of her interest in females and males at an early age, Lupe reported trying to "push away" these thoughts, focus on "boy crushes" in junior high school and trade pants for dresses along with her female friends. Her sense of isolation was acute at this age. She explained, "I didn't even know what 'gay' or 'stud' or 'butch' meant at the time, never even heard of anyone like me . . . never saw anyone like me." Confused by these feelings, Lupe had the vague sense that, "There are certain things you just don't talk about in the family. . . Mexican girls are supposed to grow up, get married, have kids, and take care of the family." When she did ﬁnally act on her strong attraction to a female best friend in high school, Lupe recalled feeling tremendously conﬂicted about "being a total embarrassment to the family . . . the whole town could ﬁnd out." When her parents did ﬁnally discover Lupe's relationship with her best friend, their disappointment and anger about her presumed lesbiana identity challenged her development as a nonheterosexual adolescent. In regards to LGBQQ identity development, the BYOC intersecting identities development model can be employed to understand Lupe's experiences as a nonheterosexual adolescent coming of age in a Mexican American family in a rural town. Again, the inﬂuence of the sociopolitical context is apparent. Growing up in rural area with limited LGBT resources exacerbated her sense of isolation and hindered LGBQQ identity development. The model also emphasizes that Lupe's development as a nonheterosexual youth must be viewed in the context of her racial/ethnic identity development. In Lupe's case, the cultural heritage that protected her from racial slurs and other forms of discrimination in childhood initially seemed to detract from her LGBQQ identity development within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. Bisexual identity development. Lupe described her process of coming to terms with her bisexual identity as even more isolating, "With all my gay friends, 'ﬁnding themselves' made them part of something bigger, something special; there were others like them . . . with me, being 'true' to me, being honest about my feelings . . . somehow that suddenly made me 'a slut,' 'into threesomes.' They say, 'bisexuality doesn't even exist.' How come it's okay to talk about me like that, but they get so mad if straight people talk about them that way?" As mentioned in the case vignette above, Lupe is reluctant to reveal her bisexual identity to family and friends. She fears additional questioning of her nonheterosexual identity by her parents and outright rejection from her lesbian and gay friends. The BYOC intersecting identities development model can again be used to understand Lupe's bisexual identity development within the sociopolitical context. In addition to living in a heterosexist society, Lupe is exposed to stereotyping, prejudice and bias regarding her bisexual identity from lesbian/gay and heterosexual communities. The sociopolitical context clearly inhibits healthy development of her bisexual identity. The model honors Lupe's experience of marginalization within lesbian/gay communities by conceptualizing her bisexual identity development as overlapping, but distinct, from her development as a nonheterosexual adolescent. Within the model, her bisexual identity development must be understood in the context of her racial/ethnic and LGBQQ adolescent identity development processes within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. Her strong cultural afﬁliation with her family promotes racial/ethnic identity development while currently inhibiting LGBQQ adolescent and bisexual identity development. Lupe's growing sense of LGBQQ adolescent identity prompts her to conceal her bisexual identity to ensure a strong connection with the larger LGBT community. Gender identity development. Even before her parents discovered her relationship with a high-school girlfriend, Lupe recalled "getting hassled" by her mother about her manner of dress and involvement in athletic activities. She recounted, rolling her eyes, "It was always like . . . 'Oh mija, why don't you ever try to look nice? You know, wear dresses and a little lipstick, like the other girls."' Lupe conﬁded that her identiﬁcation as a "stud" and her "butch" gender presentation also complicated efforts to 'come out' to lesbian and gay peers, "I tried telling my ex-girlfriend I'd slept with guys before, that every once in a while I like it with guys . . . and she just started laughing hysterically, couldn't stop . . . basically she just didn't believe me . . . and I never brought it up again." Even though Lupe does not report struggling with gender identity issues, her concerns about gender expression and its impact on other aspects of her identity can still be addressed by the BYOC intersecting identities development model. When viewed within the sociopolitical context, Lupe's nontraditional gender presentation exposes her to stereotyping, prejudice and bias from others who expect a more traditional gender expression from a Latina individual assigned the female sex at birth. The development of her gender identity/expression may also be understood in terms of her racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent and bisexual identity development within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. Given Lupe's report, it would seem her strong racial/ethnic identity is currently in conﬂict with the development of LGBQQ and bisexual identities and a nontraditional gender expression. Although her LGBQQ adolescent identity development is generally compatible with her "butch" gender presentation, Lupe expressed concerns about her nontraditional gender expression interfering with her bisexual identity development. Ability, socioeconomic status, religious/spiritual afﬁliation and other aspects of identity. Although ability, socioeconomic, religious/spiritual and other identities are beyond the scope of this case example, the vignette suggests that Lupe's socioeconomic status (e.g., ﬁrst-generation college student) and religious/spiritual afﬁliation (e.g., Catholic family) may be relevant to case conceptualization and treatment planning. Although the BYOC intersecting identities development model is intended for use with cases in which bisexual, broader LGBQQ, gender and racial/ethnic minority identity issues are most salient, the model acknowledges the potential inﬂuence of other aspects of identity within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. Use of this model in clinical settings should include attention to these and other aspects of identity in the broader context of counseling. TREATMENT PLANNING As illustrated above, the BYOC intersecting identities development model acknowledges the inﬂuence of the sociopolitical context (macrosystem) on the bisexual youth of color identity development (microsystem), which includes the intersection of racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual, gender identity development, ability, socioeconomic and religious/spiritual identities. In practice, this model could be used to conceptualize the case of Lupe and develop appropriate clinical interventions. Although a variety of theoretical orientations could be paired with the case conceptualization generated by the BYOC intersecting identities development model, it is clear that a systemic, multiculturally competent and bi-afﬁrmative approach is needed in working with Lupe. Systemic interventions that honor her intersecting identities may include psychoeducation about the potential impact of the sociopolitical context (including inclusive bibliotherapy assignments, as appropriate), exploration of her identities and their intersections and referrals to community resources that honor multiple aspects of her identity as a bisexual youth of color (e.g., culturally diverse support group for LGBT youth, culturally diverse community conference for butches, bi-afﬁrmative youth action groups, etc.). It is acknowledged that availability of community resources may depend upon one's geographic location. CONCLUSION The BYOC intersecting identities development model was created in response to traditional identity models regarding racial/ethnic identity, LGBQQ adolescent identity, bisexual identity and gender identity that have tended to focus exclusively on singular aspects of identity development. Acknowledging the complexity of intersecting identities for bisexual youth of color, the BYOC intersecting identities development model represents a dynamic conceptualization of identity development inﬂuenced at the microsystem level (by primary support systems and youth resilience within the bisexual youth of color identity development) and the macrosystem level (sociopolitical context). Within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem, it is expected that various aspects of identity may develop at different rates. This model also asserts that overlaps, or intersections, of development between and among identities are expected and even beneﬁcial to bisexual youth of color. Being able to understand different aspects of their identities, in relation to one another, may help bisexual youth of color resolve any internal conﬂicts, strengthen resilience, seek support from others and eventually negotiate challenges associated with the sociopolitical context. Although theoretical in nature, the BYOC intersecting identities development model lends itself to clinical application, experimental research and enhancement of graduate training programs. Within clinical settings, therapists may use this model to help clients understand the complexity of intersecting identities, set appropriate developmental goals and intervene at the microsystem level (through an afﬁrmative approach to individual psychotherapy) and the macrosystem level (allowing clients to empower themselves through advocacy, when appropriate). Though conceptually based, it is hoped this introduction of the BYOC intersecting identities development model will encourage future research on intersections of identities among bisexual youth of color. We reiterate the need to understand the speciﬁc ways in which identities intersect for groups marginalized in multiple ways. The BYOC intersecting identities development model is intended to generate research questions and provide conceptual literature in which future research might be grounded. For instance, the model may be used conceptually to guide a qualitative examination of the ways in which identities intersect in the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem among different racial/ethnic groups. Quantitative research might test the relationships at intersections of identities within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem for salience among bisexual youth of color. Other research might use the BYOC intersecting identities development model to examine constructs like resilience, academic achievement and social support among bisexual youth of color. Mixed method studies could illuminate the efﬁcacy of the model in practitioner training, supervision and practice. 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IBEX HIGH EFFICIENCY MONOCRYSTALLINE SOLAR MODULES WITH HALF CELL TECHNOLOGY 0+5 Positive power tolerance (0-5W) guaranteed The monolithic perc cell structure technology (low resistance characteristics) is adopted (the maximum conversion efficiency of modules is up to 21.27%) Reduced resistance between cells Less micro cracks, higher output power High performance under low light. Works at cloudy, rainy days EXTREME WEATHER RATING: High-tech aluminium alloy frame, certified for high snow (5400 Pa) and wind loads (2400 Pa) Combines high efficiency PERC bifacial cells with a dual glass construction, which can convert light that hits the back of the module into electricity, generating up to 25% more energy • IEC61215(2016), IEC61730(2016) • ISO9001:2015: Quality Management System • ISO45001:2018 Occupational health and safety management systems SWISSENERGY-SOLAR.CH ## ELECTRICAL DATA AT STC \| Parameter \| 500 Wp \| 505 Wp \| \|----------------------------------\|--------\|--------\| \| Rated power Pmpp [Wp] \| 500 \| 505 \| \| Pmpp range to \| 0/+5W \| 0/+5W \| \| Rated current Impp [A] \| 12.31A \| 12.38A \| \| Rated voltage Vmpp [V] \| 40.62V \| 40.79V \| \| Short-circuit current Isc [A] \| 13.20A \| 13.27A \| \| Open-circuit voltage Uoc [V] \| 48.83V \| 48.98V \| \| Efficiency at STC up to \| 21.06% \| 21.27% \| \| Application Class \| Class A\| Class A\| Specification as per STC (Standard test conditions): irradiance 1000 W/m² \| module temperature 25°C \| Air Mass = 1.5 ## ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH DIFFERENT REAR SIDE POWER GAIN \| Rear Side Power Gain \| 5% \| 15% \| 25% \| \|----------------------\|----\|-----\|-----\| \| Maximum Power At STC (Pmax) \| 509W \| 558W \| 606W \| \| Module Efficiency STC (%) \| 21.45% \| 23.49% \| 25.53% \| ## LIMITING VALUES - Max. system voltage [V]: 1500V DC (IEC) - Max. return current [I]: 30A - Operating Temperature: -40 to +85°C - Max. tested pressure load [Pa]: 5400 - Max. tested tensile load [Pa]: 2400 ## TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT \| Parameter \| Coefficient [%/°C] \| \|-----------\|-------------------\| \| Isc \| 0.05 \| \| Voc \| -0.28 \| \| Pmax \| -0.36 \| ## SPECIFICATIONS - Number of cells: 132 (6 x 22) \| 182x91 mm - Dimensions: 2094x1134x35 mm - Weight: 25.5 kg - Front-side glass: 2.0/2.0 mm tempered highly transparent anti-reflection solar glass - Frame: Stable, anodised aluminium frame, black - Junction box: Split Junction Box (IP68) - Cable: 4 mm², +300mm,-400mm Cust.Length - Diodes: 3 Diodes - Plug-in connection: MC4 Compatible - Hail test (max. hailstrom): Ø45mm \| 23 m/s \| 83 km/h ## PACKING CONFIGURATION - Container: 40 HQ - Pieces Per Pallet: 31 - Pallets Per container: 22 - Pieces per Container: 682 The specifications and average values can vary slightly. Relevant is the corresponding data of the individual measurement. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Measurement tolerance depending on equipment: rated power +/- 3%, other values +/- 10%. All information given in this data sheet corresponds to DIN EN 50342. A potential light-induced degradation of the product is not covered by the warranty. Further information in the installation manual. The specific warranty conditions are given under www.swissenergy-solar.ch. ## WARRANTY - 25 YEARS PRODUCT WARRANTY - 30 YEARS POWER WARRANTY	89c82152-b696-4acb-84aa-e774c100aea6	CC-MAIN-2025-05	https://www.swissenergy-solar.ch/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/IBEX-132BF-MHC-EiGER-500-505-compressed.pdf	2025-01-15T18:45:46+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2025-05/subset=warc/part-00179-88b30a59-3c73-48ba-a167-077611bfd245.c000.gz.parquet	1,085,728,152	969	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.748906	eng_Latn	0.741529	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	true	docling	[ 881, 3440 ]
See Video: Jack Mullen: Staying Human as Covid19 Injection Attempts to Redesign Human DNA and Create Patented Products From Those Receiving the 'Vax-Technology' https://lbry.tv/@TheGovernmentRag:a/Jack-Mullen-Jim-Fetzer-Cyber-Human-Corona-VaccineCompany-Owned-Humans-March-5-2021:8 1. https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/matt-margolis/2020/11/27/johns-hopkins-study-sayingcovid-19-has-relatively-no-effect-on-deaths-in-u-s-deleted-after-publication-n1178930 2. https://needtoknow.news/2021/03/new-zealand-doctor-explains-the-non-science-behind-covid19-and-the-e225000-reward-for-anyone-who-can-prove-it-exists/ 3. https://humansarefree.com/2020/10/top-european-neurologists-claims-masks-aredangerous.html 4. https://www.winknews.com/2020/09/23/cdc-shows-covid-19-has-high-survival-rate-doctor-stillwants-to-see-precautions-taken/ 5. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2022483 6. https://childrenshealthdefense.org/translation/national-media-pushes-vaccine-misinformationcoroners-office-never-saw-hank-aarons-body/ 7. https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/johnson-johnson-test-experimental-covid-vaccineinfants/ 8. https://www.law.cornell.edu/definitions/uscode.php 9. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/300aa-22 10. https://needtoknow.news/2021/03/modernas-top-scientist-we-are-actually-hacking-thesoftware-of-life/ 11. https://www.johnkaminski.org/index.php/john-kaminski-american-writer-and-critic-2/310-whatyou-don-t-know-will-kill-you 12. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/flu-cases-covid-england-phe-latest-b1805124.html 13. https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2021/02/18/the-psychological-state-of- america.aspx 14. https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/vaers-reports-death-up/ 15. https://needtoknow.news/2021/03/9-european-countries-halt-oxford-astrazeneca-covid-vaccinedue-to-fears-over-blood-clots-and-deaths/ 16. https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/vaers-covid-vaccine-injury-reports-increase/ 17. https://needtoknow.news/ 18. https://needtoknow.news/2021/01/woman-with-violent-convulsions-warns-others-not-to-getmoderna-experimental-covid-vaccine/ 19. https://needtoknow.news/2021/02/germany-whistleblowers-say-8-out-of-31-residents-in-carefacility-26-died-after-taking-pfizer-vaccine/ 20. https://needtoknow.news/2021/02/second-pfizer-covid-shot-halted-in-spain-after-46-deaths-inone-nursing-home-following-the-first-shot/ 21. https://needtoknow.news/2021/01/a-nursing-home-had-zero-coronavirus-deaths-then-itintroduced-the-covid-19-vaccine-and-24-people-died/ 22. https://needtoknow.news/2021/03/402-deaths-following-covid-vaccines-in-uk/ 23. https://needtoknow.news/2020/12/nurse-says-vaccine-gave-her-bells-palsy-and-warnsamericans-to-reject-the-covid-19-jab/ 24. https://needtoknow.news/2021/03/utah-woman-39-dies-after-second-dose-of-modernas-covidvaccine/ 25. https://needtoknow.news/2021/03/one-nurse-dead-and-another-one-injured-as-austriasuspends-astrazeneca-covid-vaccine-inoculations/ 26. https://needtoknow.news/2021/03/9-european-countries-halt-oxford-astrazeneca-covid-vaccinedue-to-fears-over-blood-clots-and-deaths/ 27. https://needtoknow.news/2020/12/pfizer-vaccine-trial-reported-6-deaths-4-cases-of-bells-palsyand-cases-of-severe-pain/ 28. https://noqreport.com/2021/01/22/mlb-legend-hank-aaron-dies-two-weeks-after-getting-covid19-vaccine/ 29. Original Article: https://blog.thegovernmentrag.com/2021/03/16/gentlemens-genocide-jackmullen/ Gentlemen's Genocide : Catastrophe awaits as Americans opt for a Dangerous Experimental Vaccine for a Disease with 99.99% Survival Rate In war, practice dissimulation, and you will succeed. Sun Zhu War is insidious, genocide is usually preceded by deception. Braindead Americans continue to beLIEve and behave according to 'information" provided by the enemy controlled mainstream media. American mainstream media is now under full control of the enemy which has usurped governments and taken control of the nation and is murdering, maiming, plundering and soon starving the American people. This enemy disguises itself as a deadly disease, pretending the invisible and, as of yet unidentified, disease is causing the death and destruction of the people and prevention requires the destruction of the American way of life. The enemy uses the media to blatantly and conspicuously lie to its audiences in an unprecedented uninterrupted psychological experiment that rivals any brutal and deceptive attack Stalin, Mao, Pol Pot, Bella Kun, and other documented Bolshevik terrorists and mass murderers, had ever conceived. The unrelenting terrorism capitalizes on American's weakness of trusting without justification – a form of pathological altruism. This is the same mainstream media that repeats the physically impossible story of 9/11 or the 1969 moon landings. The American people, on the other hand, can only blame themselves as these lies and obvious contradictions created to support the on-going genocide and culture desolation are exceptionally self-evident; an elephant in the kitchen would be less visible. The once powerful European civilizations scattered around the world are now impotent and incapable of producing even a response as the enemy unleashes a campaign of genocide with intents to wipe out Western Civilization. "in contrast to most people's assumptions, the number of deaths by COVID-19 is not alarming. In fact, it has relatively no effect on deaths in the United States." – Genevieve Briand, assistant program director of the Applied Economics master's degree program at Johns Hopkins University. 1 It is strange though, Americans are not concerned that no evidence of the phantom menace (covid-19) has ever been shown which proves the virus exists. 2 The vast majority of the people are not concerned that wearing masks weakens and sickens the wearer 3 , or that forcing children to wear mask would be considered child abuse in a mentally healthy society. Americans don't mind that documented and widely published evidence claims the survival rate of those said to have covid-19 is 99.9% 4 while survival without death or injury from the covid-19 'vaccine' is 94%. Moreover, 6% of the low-dose group (1 in 20) and 21% of the high-dose group (1 in 5) 5 reported "serious injuries" so grave that they required medical intervention or hospitalization. The Moderna vaccine reported 5x the death rate in Phase 2 as Pfizer's vaccine. Children's Health Defense 6 It matters not to the mindless CNN or FOX news watcher that children and young adults are not susceptible to covid-19 and yet are going to be 'vaccinated'. Days after the FDA approved J&J's COVID vaccine for emergency use, the company announced plans to test the vaccine on newborns, despite the vaccine's risks and strong evidence that COVID poses virtually no risk to healthy children. Johnson and Johnson to Test Vaccines on Infants 7 Somehow, the idea that thousands of normal healthy people, those without any symptoms or any evidence of covid-19, have taken the 'vaccine' and died within 3 weeks; many within 48 hours. It is not even troublesome that the 'vaccine' manufacturers and the pimps called doctors and nurses have no liability for the murder of healthy people by a deliberate injection widely known to kill or damage 4%+ of those injected (shot). The enemy's mainstream media does not talk about the deaths or paralysis, palsies, convulsions and the many other lifelong serious body damage. Unavoidable adverse side effects; warning No vaccine manufacturer shall be liable in a civil action for damages arising from a vaccinerelated injury or death 8 associated with the administration of a vaccine after October 1, 1988, if the injury or death resulted from side effects that were unavoidable even though the vaccine was properly prepared and was accompanied by proper directions and warnings. –42 U.S. Code § 300aa–22 – Standards of responsibility 9 I was recently told by a person who works for a large university that during their 'new normal' zoom meetings the faculty often chit-chat about how soon they will be able to get the 'vaccine' and how side effects are a small price to pay to get the 'protection' provided by vaccination. But they fail to notice that 'vaccine' manufacturers and 'authorities' do not claim the 'vaccine' provides any protection against covid-19 and if they survive still must wear masks. The brutal mockery of, and its acceptance by the weak-brained American, is a signature of the apparent surrender of civilized Americans to the uncivil attack of the enemy. Regular Internet readers mostly refuse to take the shot because they have learned from many principled doctors that the shot is not a vaccine but really a nanotech installation 10 that will one day permanently and irrevocably link you via your Smart Phone to the Deep State, constantly checking not only your health but also your bank account. – MASK DEPENDENT MORONS LEAD SOCIETY INTO SLAVERY 11 People, rather than noticing the contradictions, insult, death, maiming, plunder (due to nationalization of the economy) and the embarrassment, pain and anger that noticing might provoke – prefer the gentleman's approach. American's will "walk quietly into that good night" by cooperating with the enemy, pretending there is a pandemic. The medical industry can no longer count flu deaths 12 because flu and pneumonia and respiratory related deaths must now be called covid-19 deaths. The Gentleman's Genocide can proceed without the painful emotions and bloody conflict caused by wars of the past. This is the civilized end to a civilized people. Covid-19: Mass Delusional Psychosis "Instead of facing reality, the delusional person would rather live in their world of makebelieve. But in order to keep faking reality, they'll have to make sure that everyone else around them also pretends to live in their imaginary world. In simpler words, the delusional person rejects reality. And in this rejection of reality, others have to play along with how they view the world, otherwise, their world will not make sense to them. It's why the delusional person will get angry when they face someone who doesn't conform to their world view … It's one of the reasons why you're seeing so many people who'd happily approve the silencing of any medical experts whose views contradict the WHO or CDC guidelines. 'Obey the rules!' becomes more important than questioning if the rules were legitimate to begin with." The World Is Suffering From Mass Delusional Psychosis 13 – Dr. Joseph Mercola Headlines from the frontlines: Reports of Deaths After COVID Vaccines Up by 259 in 1 Week, CDC Data Show 14 Between Dec. 14, 2020, and Mar. 5, 2021, 31,079 reports of adverse events were submitted to VAERS, including 1,524 deaths, 5,507 serious injuries and 390 reports of Bell's Palsy. Researchers Report that Deaths from Covid Vaccine for Israel's Elderly is 40 Times Greater than Deaths from Covid-19 Itself. 15 As of Feb. 26, 180 pregnant women had reported adverse reactions to COVID vaccines, including 56 reports of miscarriage or premature birth. None of the COVID vaccines approved for Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) have been tested for safety or efficacy in pregnant women. Yet health officials are urging pregnant women to get the vaccine, and many are enthusiastically doing so. As The Defender reported: 16 (below from G. Edward Griffins Need to Know News) 17 ARTICLES TO RESEARCH: Woman with Violent Convulsions Warns Others Not to Get Moderna Experimental COVID Vaccine 18 Germany: Whistleblowers Say 8 out of 31 Residents in Care Facility (26%) Died after Taking Pfizer Vaccine 19 Second Pfizer COVID Shot Halted in Spain after 46 Deaths in One Nursing Home Following the First Shot 20 A Nursing Home had Zero Coronavirus Deaths then it Introduced the COVID-19 Vaccine and 24 People Died 21 402 Deaths Following the COVID Vaccine in UK 22 Nurse Says Covid-19 Vaccine Paralyzed her Face 23 Utah Woman, 39, Dies after Second Dose of Moderna's COVID Vaccine 24 Pfizer Vaccine Trial Reported 6 Deaths, 4 Cases of Bell's Palsy and Cases of Severe Pain 27 One Nurse dead & Another One Injured as Austria Suspends AstraZeneca COVID Vaccines 25 9 European Countries Halt Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID Vaccine Due to Fears over Blood Clots & Deaths 26 — End Need to Know News — The Cover-up of Marvin Hagler's death continues as the lying news media scrambles to say Marvelous Marvin Hagler did not die from the "vax-tech." Much like Hank Aaron's death after CV19 shot 28 , the media has become the master of explaining deaths shortly after taking the so-called "vaccine" by otherwise healthy people as a "coincidence".	<urn:uuid:4b3baef6-a8e3-428d-985f-f263d1162368>	CC-MAIN-2023-14	https://blog.thegovernmentrag.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/flyer-gentlemens-genocide-for-print.pdf	2023-03-26T19:29:42+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-14/subset=warc/part-00214-39c03058-7d78-443d-9984-102329513e3d.c000.gz.parquet	167,296,362	3,097	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.995759	eng_Latn	0.996729	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 6434, 12681 ]
International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal AN ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF JOB SATISFACTION OF TEACHERS OF LUCKNOW CITY Dr. Suman Lata Katiyar, Assistant Professor, Dept. Of Education R. B. S. College, Agra Preeti Shakya, Assistant Professor, Dept. Of Education, Baikunthi Devi Kanya Mahavidyalaya Agra ABSTRACT In Lucknow city, the teachers are working in different types of institutions like government-aided, government-unaided and self-financed. Each school has a unique organisational environment in terms of administration, leadership, and relationships with colleagues and students. Job Satisfaction as a factor being influenced by two variables, organizational environment higher education schools of teacher and personality traits of teachers seems to never have been attracting focus of previous investigators. The purpose of this study is to examine the level of job satisfaction of teachers of Lucknow city of UP state. The primary goal of the Job Satisfaction was to evaluate the job satisfaction of teachers at HSS Schools. The result of the study is shows that HSS schools can use the Teacher's Job Satisfaction Inventory to determine three degrees of job satisfaction: high, average, and low. Organizational Environment Description Scale for HSS schools to determine the sort of organisational environment in their institution and Teacher's Personality Characteristics Inventory to determine three degrees of personality-effective, usual, and frail. The results of the Teacher's Job Satisfaction Inventory may be useful in taking appropriate actions to improve levels of job satisfaction among Teachers. Teachers' Personality Characteristics Inventory scores may be useful in raising their personality level. Keywords:-job satisfaction, concept, theories, job satisfaction inventory and Personality Characteristics INTRODUCTION With increasing commercialisation in education sector, on the one hand when the need for qualified teachers in schools can be met, on the other hand there is a1need to analyse quality at Teacher1Education Institutions. It is essential to understand the organisational environment at the B.Ed level, where secondary school teachers are trained. It should be highlighted right away that the organisational environment is a major factor in effecting desirable changes in teacher trainees, which is the ultimate goal of education. Changes in knowledge, skills, attitudes, and appreciations among teacher trainees can be influenced by the sort of organisational environment that exists. Without a doubt, every philosopher will agree that ultimate goal of any education is to produce a man of good1character and a valuable citizen of the universe. We may attain such education through the quality of education, the quality of instructors, and the quality of the teachinglearning1process. Other things being equal, the quality of education mostly learning transaction cannot be done in a vacuum, but it is a positively oriented activity, for which teacher educators must strive with happiness towards a work and the need to acquire the quality changeprone. This is the appropriate moment to emphasise relevance of Teacher Educators' Job1Satisfaction in connection to the Organizational Environment that exists in colleges. © 2023 by The Author(s). ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal Job satisfaction is an optimal happy sensation received following the completion of a work in lieu of fulfilling the organization's goal. As a result, the organisation benefits, and the worker is compensated in cash or kind. This concept emphasises the1commitment between job happiness & advantages of labour. - the work itself is very important for job satisfaction - job satisfaction means overshadowing the glimmer aspects - job satisfaction is the optimum level of positive feeling and attitude derived from the work, - physical and environmental factors related to the work and the work place, and - job satisfaction is the outcome of the appraisal of a job. LITERATURE REVIEW Sood vishal & anand arti (2010) wrote in the published article on professional commitment among b.ed teacher1educators of himachal Pradesh. To investigate professional1commitment among B.Ed Teacher1Educators, and to investigate gender and experience differences in professional commitment among B.Ed Teacher Educators. Rodrigues, G (2011) conducted research for his Published Article on A Study of Organizational1Environment in professional college libraries & information centres in Mangalore city. Findings shows that there is no substantial difference between college libraries in terms of employee age, experience, and credentials; nevertheless, there is a considerable difference between the three groups of colleges in terms of interpersonal interactions, performance evaluation, and organisational environment advice. Yahyazadeh and Lotfi (2012) investigated link between spiritual intelligence and teacher job satisfaction. Their findings revealed a substantial association between spiritual intelligence and work happiness in teachers, as well as a significant relationship between teachers' spiritual intelligence & their scientific degrees. Kauor (2013) investigated association between spiritual intelligence & work happiness in high school teachers. The findings show a substantial positive association between teachers' spiritual intelligence & work happiness. In terms of spiritual intelligence & job happiness, no significant differences were found b/w private and public high school instructors. The findings of this study also revealed that gender has no effect on spiritual intelligence or work happiness. Academics' opinions of talent identification, talent development, and talent management cultural relevance, according to Annakis et al. (2014), are most important contributors to talent management1competency. According to findings, when management has an integrated HR system that identifies value, measures team and individual performance, investigates & broadens careers, provides1genuine formal feedback, & fosters a culture that rewards high performance, talent management competency stages for teachers are significantly higher. Mathew, A. (2015) analysed talent management techniques and procedures based on worldwide presence, brand identity, & long-term presence A web-based poll of Human Resource1professionals and senior executives in the firms chosen for the study. The research revealed a number of techniques that assisted them in attracting, nurturing, and retaining talent. Susanto (2016) goes on to describe the conditions that affect the organizational environment in the following way. 1) The manager or the boss. Any behavior made by a leader or boss, such as regulations, strategies, funds, corporate practices, and contact styles, affects the environment in many ways. 2) Employee behavior. Employee behavior, especially their needs & actions they take to meet those needs, has an impact on the environment. © 2023 by The Author(s). ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17 (06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal R. Bala (2017) investigated Secondary School Teachers' Job Satisfaction. The findings demonstrated that work satisfaction among instructors cannot be distinguished based on gender. There is no discernible difference in job1satisfaction between secondary school1teachers working in urban & rural settings. There was no significant difference in work satisfaction between secondary school instructors with 10 years of teaching experience & those with more1than 10 years, i.e. Job happiness is unrelated to teaching experience. A., Abdullah, T., and W. (2018) investigated impact of personality, organisational environment, and work satisfaction on organisational citizenship behaviour of teachers at public vocational high schools in Jakarta's Central Jakarta Administration city, DKI Jakarta province. This study employs a quantitative methodology, as well as a survey method. According to study's research hypothesis testing, 1)personality has a direct positive effect on organisational citizenship behaviour, 2)organizational environment has a direct positive effect on organisational citizenship behaviour. Anabelie V. Valdez et al. (2019) investigate the association between teachers' profiles, school organisational environment, and teachers' work satisfaction. According to the findings of the statistical study, teacher characteristics such as age, 1marital status, educational attainment, & teaching experience have a positive and substantial relationship with organisational environment and work satisfaction. Similarly, organisational environment and work satisfaction are highly associated and have inversely proportional connections. Katsantonis and Ioannis (2020) investigated two issues: (a) to confirm mediating role of teachers' self-efficacy in relationship b/w school environment and teachers' job satisfaction, and (b) to tease apart any cross-cultural effects of association of self-efficacy & job satisfaction by comparing teachers' responses. According to findings, self-efficacy is a moderating variable in relationship between school environment & job satisfaction at individual level across cultures, which is consistent with earlier research. Furthermore, the GLM indicated statistically significant cross-cultural differences in teachers' work satisfaction & self-efficacy answers. These findings have consequences for well-being & resilience of teachers. Hareesol Khun-inkeeree et al. (2021) discovered a substantial association between work satisfaction and all organisational characteristics (environment, student interaction, cooperation, decision-making, educational innovation, & school resources). These variables also emerged from the content analysis of interviews on positive and negative feedback from organisational environment topics impacting work satisfaction. ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons: Dr. Suman Lata Katiyar and Preeti Shakya International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal ANALYSIS Table 1 Classification of achieved scores on job satisfaction inventory by teachers workingiin open and autonomous environment According to Table 1, mean of Job satisfaction Inventory scores obtained by Teachers1working in Autonomous environment is greater than the mean of Job satisfaction Inventory scores obtained by Teachers working in Open environment. As a result, it is clear that Teachers1working in Autonomous environments are more1satisfied with their jobs than Teachers1working in Open environments. However, in order to determine the significance of the difference b/w the mean scores, t-value must be determined. Figure 7 depicts the information on the mean of attained scores as per Table 1. The investigator devised a hypothesis to determine the relevance of difference in job satisfaction between Teachers operating in Open Environment and Autonomous Environment. To test this hypothesis, required values such as standard error of mean and t-value were calculated, as shown in Table 2. © 2023 by The Author(s). ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal Table 2 Mean, standard deviation and t-value of teachers working in open and autonomous environment (NS= Not Significant) As shown in Table 2, mean of scores achieved by Teachers in Organizational Environment Description Scale for Teachers in Open Environment is 156.90, and the mean of scores achieved by Teachers in Autonomous Environment is 161.36, the standard deviation of scores achieved by Teachers in Open Environment is 17.51, and the standard error of mean difference is 2.78, and the t value is 1.60. As a result, the estimated t-value is smaller than table value of 1.96 at the 0.05 level. As a result, there is no significant difference in the mean job1satisfaction scores of Teachers1working in Open and Autonomous Environments. Table 3 classification of achieved scores by teachers on job satisfaction inventory working in open environment and controlled environment ` According to Table 3, mean of Job satisfaction Inventory scores attained by Teachers1working in Open environment is greater than the mean of Job satisfaction Inventory scores achieved by Teachers working in Controlled environment. As a result, it is clear that Teachers working in an Open atmosphere have a greater degree of job satisfaction than Teachers working in a Controlled environment. However, in order to determine significance of difference between the mean scores,'t' value must be determined. Figure 8 explains the information about the mean of attained scores from Table 3. © 2023 by The Author(s). ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Corresponding author: Dr. Suman Lata Katiyar and Preeti Shakya International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal The investigator devised a hypothesis to determine the relevance of difference in job1satisfaction between Teachers operating in Open Environment and Controlled Environment. Table 4 shows the values that were calculated to test this hypothesis, such as the standard error of mean and the t-value. Table 4 mean, standard deviationiand t-value of teachers working in open environment and controlled environment ( ** = Significant at 0.01 Level) As shown in Table 4, mean of scores achieved by Teachers in the Organizational Environment Description Scale for Teachers in Open Environment is 156.90, while the mean of scores achieved by Teachers in Controlled Environment is 120.40, the standard deviation of1scores achieved by Teachers in Open Environment is 17.51, while the standard error of mean difference is 6.14, and the t value is 5.94. As a result, the estimated t-value is more than the table value of 2.58 at 0.01 level. As a result, at the 0.01 level, there is a significant difference in mean job satisfaction scores of1Teachers working in Open and Controlled environments. As a result, when mean scores are compared, Teachers working in Open environment had higher mean scores than Teachers working in Controlled environment. Thus, Teachers working in Open environment were shown to be more1satisfied with their jobs than Teachers working in1Controlled environment. © 2023 by The Author(s). ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal Table 5 Classificationiof achieved scores by teachers working in open environment and familiar environment According to Table 5, the mean of Job1Satisfaction Inventory scores reached by Teachers working in Open atmosphere is greater than the mean of scores earned by Teachers1working in Familiar environment. As a result, it is clear that Teachers working in an open atmosphere have better job satisfaction than Teachers working in a familiar context. However, in order to determine the significance of difference between the mean scores, the 't' value must be determined. Figure 3 depicts the information on the mean of attained scores as per Table 5. Figure 3 comparison of mean scores achieved by teachers working in open and familiar environment The investigator devised a hypothesis to determine relevance of the difference in job satisfaction between Teachers operating in Open Environment and Familiar Environment. Table 6 shows the values that were calculated to test this hypothesis, such as the standard error of mean and the t-value. © 2023 by The Author(s). ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Table 6 mean, standard deviationiand t-value of teachers working in open environment and familiarienvironment ( * = Significant at 0.05 Level) As shown in Table 6, the mean of scores obtained by Teachers in Organizational Environment Description Scale for Teachers in Open Environment is 156.90 and 149.44, the standard1deviation of scores obtained by Teachers in Open Environment is 17.51 and 21.14, the standard error of mean difference is 3.77, and the t value is 1.98. As a result, the estimated t-value is more than the table1value of 1.96 at the 0.05 level. As a result, Thus, at the 0.05 level, there is a significant difference in mean job satisfaction scores of Teachers working in1Open and Familiar environments. As a result, when mean scores are compared, Teachers working in Open environment had higher mean scores than Teachers working in Familiar environment. Thus, Teachers working in an Open atmosphere were shown to be more satisfied with1their jobs than Teachers working in a Familiar environment. CONCLUSIONS Job Satisfaction of Teachers Inventory, Organizational Environment Description Scale for HSS schools, and Personality Characteristics of Teachers SS students may find inventory beneficial in their research work. HSS schools can use the Teacher‟s Job Satisfaction Inventory to determine three degrees of job satisfaction: high, average, and low. Organizational Environment Description Scale for HSS schools to determine the sort of organisational environment in their institution and Teacher‟s Personality Characteristics Inventory to determine three degrees of personality-effective, usual, and frail. The results of the Teacher‟s Job Satisfaction Inventory may be useful in taking appropriate actions to improve levels of job satisfaction among Teachers. The Organizational Environment Description Scale for HSS schools scores may be useful in determining the sort of organisational environment that provides a healthy atmosphere in HSS schools. Teachers' Personality Characteristics Inventory scores may be useful in raising their personality level. REFERENCES 1. Maslow, A.H(1954) Motivation and Personality, New York : Hoyer Brown Co., p 126 2. Herzberg, F. ( 1959) , Op cit., pp 145 3. Adams, J.S. (1963) Toward an Understanding of inequity, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol. 67(5), pp. 422-436 4. Locke W.A. (1976), Op cit. pp 1343 5. Vroom, V.H. (1982) Work and Motivation, New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp 82, 181-184 6. Arora,G & Panda,P (1998-99) , Fifty years of Teacher Education in India, New Delhi : NCERT, pp 7-9 7. Sood Vishal & Anand Arti (2010) "Professional Commitment among B.Ed Teacher Educators of Himachal Pradesh" ( Published Article, University of Himachal Pradesh) © 2023 by The Author(s). ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal 8. Rodrigues, G. (2011) "A Study of Organizational Environment in professional college libraries and information centres in Mangalore city" ( Published article ,University of Mangalore) 9. Yahyazadeh S, Lotfi Goodarzi F (2012). "How is the relationship between spiritual intelligence and job satisfaction among teachers?" Int. J. Occupation Social Sci. 3(8):23-31. 10. Kauor M (2013). "Spiritual Intelligence of Secondary School Teachers in relation to Their Job Satisfaction". Int. J. Educ. Res. Technol. 4(3):104-109. 11. Annakis, et al., (2014) Exploring factors: That influence talent management competency of academics in Malaysian GLC„s and non-government universities. Journal of International Business and Economics, 2(4), 163-185. 12. Mathew, A. (2015). Talent management practices in select organizations in India. Global Business Review, 16(1), 137-150. 13. Susanto, A. (2016). Management of Teacher Performance Improvement. Jakarta: Prenadamedia 14. Bala, R. (2017). Job satisfaction: Of secondary school teachers. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(4), 122-126. 15. A., Abdullah, T., & ., W. (2018). The Effect of Personality, Organizational Environment and Job Satisfaction on Teachers Organizational Citizenship Behavior at Public Vocational High School in DKI Jakarta Province. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 6(04), EL–2018. 16. Anabelie V. Valdez et al. (2019) "School Organizational Environment and Job Satisfaction of MSU Junior High School Teachers, February 2019, DOI:10.51386/25815946/ijsmsv2i1p112 17. Katsantonis, Ioannis. (2020). Investigation of the Impact of School Environment and Teachers' Self-Efficacy on Job Satisfaction: A Cross-Cultural Approach. 10. 119-133. 10.3390/ejihpe10010011. 18. Hareesol Khun-inkeeree et al. (2021) "Working on Primary School Teachers' Preconceptions of Organizational Environment and Job Satisfaction". July 2021, International Journal of Instruction, 14(3):567-582. DOI:10.29333/iji.2021.14333a. 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Jokes About Mathematics jokes about mathematics 1. Why was the equal sign so humble? Because he realized he wasn't less than or greater than anyone else. 2. Why did the triangle break up with the circle? It couldn't stop being so irrational. 3. Why don't parallel lines ever get into arguments? Because they have the same slope. 4. Why did the math book look so sad? Because it had too many problems. 5. Why do plants hate math? Because it gives them square roots. 6. Why did the equal sign feel so left out? Because he was always in between. 7. Why did the math book look so sad? Because it had too many problems. 8. Why do plants hate math? Because it gives them square roots. 9. Why did the equal sign feel so left out? Because he was always in between. 10. Why do plants hate math? Because it gives them square roots. jokes about mathematics 1. Why was the equal sign so humble? Because he realized he wasn't less than or greater than anyone else. 2. 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Mar-Cot Group Of Companies Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, City of Guelph GMBP File: 118170-1 June, 2019 # TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION .......................................................... 1 2. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................... 1 3. PHASE ONE ESA FINDINGS ....................................................................................... 2 3.1 Site Location and Description ............................................................................... 2 3.2 Site Physiography, Geology and Hydrogeology .................................................... 3 3.3 MECP Water Well Records .................................................................................... 3 3.4 Historical Uses of the Site and Surroundings ....................................................... 4 3.4.1 Aerial Photographs ......................................................................................... 4 3.4.2 City Directory ................................................................................................. 4 3.5 Other Records Review .......................................................................................... 5 3.5.1 ERIS Report .................................................................................................. 5 3.5.2 Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks ...................................... 5 3.5.3 TSSA Fuel Safety Division Database ............................................................. 6 3.5.4 Previous Environmental Reports .................................................................. 6 3.6 Site Zoning and Permits ....................................................................................... 6 3.7 Site Reconnaissance .............................................................................................. 6 3.7.1 Site Description .............................................................................................. 6 3.8 Adjacent and Nearby Properties .......................................................................... 7 4. ASSESSMENT FOR AREAS OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (APECs) .......................................................... 8 4.1 Fill Material ........................................................................................................... 8 4.2 Soil Quality ........................................................................................................... 8 4.3 Fuel Storage Tanks ............................................................................................... 9 4.4 Asbestos Containing Materials, Urea Formaldehyde Foam Insulation, Ozone Depleting Substances, Leaded Paint .................................................................................. 9 4.5 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) ..................................................................... 10 4.6 Registered Waste Generators .............................................................................. 10 5. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND ASSESSMENT ......................................................... 11 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................... 11 7. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 12 7.1 Contacts with Agencies ....................................................................................... 12 7.2 Contacts with Private Companies ........................................................................ 12 7.3 Reference Materials ............................................................................................. 12 8. STATEMENT OF LIMITATIONS ................................................................................ 13 9. QUALIFICATIONS OF ASSESSORS ......................................................................... 14 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Aerial Photographs Appendix B City Directory Appendix C Eris Report Appendix D Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks Appendix E Technical Standards and Safety Authority Appendix F City of Guelph Zoning Information Appendix G Selected Site Photographs 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION GM BluePlan Engineering Limited (GMBP) was retained by Mar-Cot Developments (hereafter referred to as the “Client”) to undertake a Phase One Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) for the properties located at 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, City of Guelph, Ontario (hereafter, collectively referred to as the Site). The Site is approximately 0.3 hectares in size and is located on Lot 11, Concession 7, Geographic Township of Puslinch in the south portion of the City of Guelph, west of Gordon Street, south of Clair Road West as presented on Figures 1 and 2. The Site is currently owned by Mario Controneo, in Trust (hereafter referred to as the Owner) and is currently under residential use. The Phase One ESA was undertaken to identify the potential and/or actual environmental concerns, or risks associated with the Site resulting from current and/or historical land uses on the Site and the neighbouring properties. It is our understanding that this Phase One ESA is being conducted to support the zone change and the development process with the City of Guelph and that it is not required to support a Record of Site Condition (RSC) under Ontario Regulation (O. Reg.) 153/04 (as amended). 2. METHODOLOGY The Phase One ESA was conducted in general accordance with the guidelines of the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) as presented in Report No. Z768-01, Phase One Environmental Site Assessment (November 2001). The purpose of a Phase One ESA is to identify actual and potential environmental concerns or risks associated with the Site. These environmental concerns may be the result of current or historical uses of the Site or surrounding properties. The Phase One ESA process involves review of documents, maps, interview(s) with persons with knowledge of the property and other recorded information in conjunction with the observations of a reconnaissance visit to the Site by the Assessor. Based on the information gathered, an assessment of the potential environmental concerns can be made and, if warranted, recommendations offered for further investigation. A brief description of the records reviewed, and the reconnaissance visit follows. Background physiographic, geological, hydrogeological and topographical information for the Site and the surrounding area was assembled from several sources including the Grand River Conservation Authority (GRCA) Geographic Information System (GIS), Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA), the Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP), publications from the Ontario Geological Survey and others. Aerial photographs of the Site and surroundings were obtained from the National Air Photo Library for the years 1930, 1962, 1972 and 1990 and from the GRCA GIS for the years 2000, 2006, 2010 and 2015. Aerial photographs were assessed for indication of historical land uses and identification of relevant land features. Copies of the reviewed aerial photographs are provided in Appendix A. Fire insurance plans (FIPs) available at the University of Guelph Library were reviewed to assess historical ownership and uses of the Site and the vicinity. The subject Site and the surrounding areas were outside of the available coverage provided by the FIPs at the time of their publication (1960). A search of the City Directory records for the City of Guelph in the vicinity of the Site was requested from Environmental Risk Information Services (ERIS) to ascertain occupancy for the Site and surrounding properties. Summary of the reviewed City Directory records as provided by ERIS is enclosed in Appendix B. An environmental risk report was requested from ERIS (ERIS report) to review available historical and environmental records and provide information on reported spills, registered waste generators, fuel storage tanks among other databases of environmental significance. The ERIS report covered a search area extending at a 250 m radius from the property. The ERIS report is provided in Appendix C. The Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP) Waste Disposal Site Inventory (MECP 1991) was reviewed to identify closed and active waste disposal sites in the vicinity of the Site. A summary of the landfill inventory database is included in Appendix D. The local District Office of the MECP was contacted for review of their records pertaining to the subject property. The MECP response is included in Appendix D. A MECP Freedom of Information (FOI) request was filed to obtain records of environmental nature pertaining to the subject Site. The response from the FOI office of the MECP is included in Appendix D. The Fuels Safety Division of the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA) was contacted for review of their records on underground and aboveground fuel storage tanks on the Site and on select neighbouring properties. The TSSA response is included in Appendix E. The City of Guelph Zoning Bylaw (1995)-14864, the associated zoning maps (Appendix F) were reviewed to gather information about current land uses at the Site and the neighbouring properties. The MECP Record of Site Condition (RSC) Registry was reviewed to determine whether a Record of Site Condition has been submitted for the Site or neighbouring properties. A Record of Site Condition is required to be completed as part of the process of transitioning a property of former industrial/commercial land use into one of residential, parkland, agricultural or other land use for which a more stringent environmental quality standard is applicable. As such, presence of a Record of Site Condition and associated environmental investigations for a particular property may provide information on potential for environmental impacts or risks to adjacent properties. Reconnaissance of the subject property was completed on February 7, 2019 by Ms. Joanna Olesiuk, M.A.Sc., C. Tech. of GMBP. Photographs of the subject Site and surrounding properties were taken during the reconnaissance and select photographs are included in Appendix G. 3. PHASE ONE ESA FINDINGS The findings from the records search, additional studies and the site reconnaissance were compiled and are presented herein. For the purpose of clarity in discussion, north refers to true north i.e. direction parallel to Gordon Street. 3.1 Site Location and Description The subject Site is located at 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, in a mixed residential/commercial land use setting. The Site is within the south portion of the City of Guelph, west of Gordon Street, south of Clair Road West as presented on Figures 1 and 2. The Site is currently owned by Mr. Mario Controneo in Trust and is currently rented for residential use. The 1871 Gordon Street property was acquired by the current owner from Ronald Mark Ventry and Jane Marie Ventry on August 9, 2017. The 1879 Gordon Street property was obtained by the current owner from Conrado Vilbar and Teresita Eping on July 3, 2018. The Site is approximately rectangular in shape and is bound to the east by Gordon Street, an existing residential property to the north, and by new residential development in various stages of development, to the west and south. The legal description of the 1871 Gordon Street property is Part Lot 11, Concession 7, Township of Puslinch, as in IS16048 Guelph. The legal description of the 1879 Gordon Street property is Part Lot 11, Concession 7, Township of Puslinch, as in RO669984 PIN #71199-0013 (LT). 3.2 Site Physiography, Geology and Hydrogeology According to the Ontario Geological Survey mapping, the Site is located near the boundary of two physiographic regions known as the Guelph Drumlins Field, which is centred on the City of Guelph and generally occurs north of the Site, and the southerly Horseshoe Moraines region (Chapman and Putnam, 1984, 2007). Within the Guelph Drumlins Field, the local soils generally consist of stony tills and deep gravel terraces, the latter being typical of glacial meltwater spillways and the former being typical of drumlins and till planes (Chapman and Putnam 1984). Natural gravel deposits tend to be overlain with a silty loam (Chapman and Putnam 1984). The Horseshoe Moraines physiographic region is generally noted for its sandy-silty till soils and hummocky, hilly terrain as well as spillway features with broad gravel and sand terraces and swampy floors (Chapman and Putnam 1984). In the south Guelph/Puslinch Township area, the moraine region is hilly with local relief of more than 30 m often with steep irregular slopes and “kettles” or water containing depressions during Spring and early Summer (Chapman and Putnam 1984). In terms of physiographic landforms, mapping from the Ontario Geological Survey (2007) indicates the Site lies near the interface between a Spillways feature to the north and a Till Moraines feature to the south (Figure 3) (Chapman and Putnam 2007). On aerial photographs, the closed depressions and hummocky topography characteristic of the till moraines are evident in the lands south of the Site. Surficial geological mapping (Ontario Geological Survey 2010) indicates that the Site and areas to the south are underlain by the sandy silt till of the Wentworth Till unit while areas north of site and west of Gordon Street appear to be underlain by glaciofluvial outwash and ice-contact gravels (Figure 4). From the review of available MECP well records in the vicinity of the Site, the shallow soils are reported to consist of sand and gravel; clay and gravel (i.e. till); gravel; sand and clay to a depth of approximately 27 to 33 metres below ground surface (mbgs), overlying the dolostone bedrock. Overburden thickness in the Site vicinity is reported as approximately 30 m (Jagger Hims 1998). The bedrock in the Guelph area is the Silurian age dolostone of the Guelph and Gasport Formations (formerly referred to as the Amabel Formation) (Jagger Hims 1998; Brunton 2009; MECP 2019c). A geotechnical investigation was completed by V.A. Wood (Guelph) Inc. at the Site, as documented in a report entitled Preliminary Geotechnical Investigation: Proposed Apartment Building 1871 & 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario (June 2019). Based on the drilling of seven (7) boreholes at the property, the soils were reported as topsoil (between 150 mm and 325 mm thick), overlying a layer of fill material varying from silty clay to silty sand to sand and gravel with trace organics texture up to 2.3 m in depth, underlain by dense gravel and sand deposit with trace silt. Bedrock was not encountered in the drilled boreholes. Shallow groundwater flow often correlates to topographical features and groundwater typically flows towards nearby lakes, streams, and wetland areas, except where modified by utility and service trenches. Based on the overall site topography, the local contour information reviewed on the GRCA Watershed Viewer GIS and water bodies in the Site vicinity, the shallow groundwater flow direction in the overburden is inferred to be westerly/northwesterly towards the Hanlon Creek and associated wetlands. While the groundwater flow direction is inferred for the Site, an accurate assessment of groundwater flow direction can only be completed through the installation of an appropriate number of groundwater monitoring wells and regular water level measurements to establish local groundwater flow patterns with more certainty. 3.3 MECP Water Well Records MECP well record No. 6702486 is inferred to be located on the Site for a domestic water supply well drilled in 1957 (MECP 2019c) with soils reported as clay gravel, i.e. till deposit from surface to a depth of about 9 mbgs, overlying a layer of gravel and sand extending down to 16.7 mbgs, underlain by sand with clay, gravel, and coarse sand to approximately 33 mbgs, overlying the bedrock unit. Several additional well records dating back to the late 1960’s are identified on the neighbouring properties and are reported as wells completed in the bedrock unit for domestic water use. Several records of monitoring wells were also identified in the MECP well records database, that are attributed to neighbouring residential and commercial development in the recent years. 3.4 Historical Uses of the Site and Surroundings Information about the historical land use of the Site was gathered from several sources including aerial photographs (Appendix A), City Directory listings (Appendix B), as well as other available historical records and information reported from other sources, as discussed herein. The findings from these sources are presented to illustrate the historical land use of the Site and its surroundings to aid in the identification of areas of potential environmental concern. 3.4.1 Aerial Photographs A review of aerial photographs from 1930, 1962, 1972, 1990, 2000, 2006, 2010 and 2015 was completed to assess historical land use of the subject Site and surrounding areas. Copies of aerial photographs are enclosed in Appendix A. A review of the 1930 aerial photograph indicates that no structural development appears to have taken place on the Site or on the surrounding lands at that time. The resolution of the aerial photograph prevents a clear discernment of the property details; however, the parcel and the land use are inferred to be agricultural and/or grassed or forested lands. From the review of the 1962 and 1972 aerial photographs, it appears that some development which appears to be residential in nature, has occurred on the subject Site. The configuration of the driveway at the 1871 Gordon Street property appears as it exists in present day. Surrounding properties are generally under agricultural use (properties to the north) with further development to the east of the Site. By 1990, additional properties appear to be developed along Gordon Street, which are inferred to be residential and commercial in nature. Remainder of the lands in Site vicinity remain under what appears to be residential use. Review of the 2000 aerial photograph provides a more discernable indication of development at the Site and the vicinity. The Site appears as it does today, with residential dwellings and associated detached garage and deck structures. A treed hedgerow is present along the westerly and southerly property boundary. To the east of the Site is a garden centre. To the south, is a residential property which is heavily forested. To the west and to the north beyond the adjacent residential dwelling is an agricultural/vacant land. Further to the north at the intersection of Clair Road and Gordon Street is a golf driving range and a mini-golf establishment, with existing residential properties along Gordon Street. Further to the north-west, beyond Clair Road is a residential subdivision in early stages of development. A review of the 2006 aerial photograph indicates no discernible major changes to the Phase One property or the adjacent lands since. Additional residential development is noted beyond Clair Road West. In the 2010 aerial photograph, the Site and the surrounding residential lots appear generally unchanged. Northwest of the intersection of Gordon Street and Clair Road West is a commercial/retail development with the previously noted residential developments to the west. In 2015, the adjacent properties to the south, west and north (beyond the existing residential property directly north of the Site) are in early stages of development with signs of roads and residential dwellings under construction. To the northeast, at the intersection of Clair Road East and Gordon Street, a large commercial plaza with multiple buildings has been constructed. 3.4.2 City Directory The City Directory records for the Site and the neighbouring properties (available through ERIS) dating back to 1961 were reviewed in approximate 5 to 10-year increments (Appendix B). Based on review of the available records, the first listing for the Site appears to be in 1996 and is reported as residential use. The listings for neighbouring properties include the Pergola Drive Inn Ltd./Pergola Recreation Centre (1820 Gordon Street, a golf driving range), Brock Road Nursery/Complete Landscaping and residential use (1858 Gordon Street) and additional residential listings at surrounding properties along Gordon Street. The City Directory records for Site and neighbouring properties are enclosed in Appendix B. 3.5 Other Records Review 3.5.1 ERIS Report The Environmental Risk Information System (ERIS) report (Appendix C) compiles information from over 50 private and public databases relevant to environmental risk. The databases store information such as, but not limited to, reported spills, waste generators registered under Ontario Regulation 347, fuel storage tanks (private, retail, historical, and others), MECP orders, compliance and convictions. The available environmental database search was requested for the Site and surrounding properties within a 250 m radius of the Site. The ERIS report identified two (2) records associated with the Site. One (1) record was identified in the Water Well Information System for a domestic water supply well (MECP well record No. 6702486). The second record was identified in the TSSA Incidents database for an incident related to a natural gas main distribution/pipeline break (record description includes a “hit” to a 1 ¼ inch pipeline). Based on follow up correspondence (Appendix E), TSSA provided confirmation that this record was related to a pipeline/natural gas incident. The ERIS report identified records for the neighbouring properties within 250 m radius of the Site, including the following: - Six (6) records in the ERIS Historical Searches database for properties in the site vicinity - Four (4) records in the Pesticide Register database for the property located at 1858 Gordon Street, to the east of the subject Site (Brock Road Nursery/Complete Landscaping) - One (1) record in the TSSA Pipeline incident at a downgradient property (254 Gosling Gardens, located west of the subject Site) for a natural gas leak related to a pipeline break - Two (2) records in the Ontario Spills database at a downgradient property (254 Gosling Gardens) for a natural gas leak related to a pipeline break - 21 records in the Water Well Information System for domestic, monitoring and well abandonment records Based on the nature of the records identified in the ERIS report and the location of these activities or incidents, these are not considered to pose a source of environmental impact or risk to the subject Site. The ERIS report with further details on the identified records is enclosed in Appendix C. 3.5.2 Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks A request was filed with the MECP to acquire available records under the Freedom of Information (FOI) and Protection of Privacy Act. In their response, the MECP indicated that no records were located for the Site (Appendix D). A response from the MECP, Guelph District Office, indicated that there have been no orders in MECP’s database registered to the Site or the Site Owner (Appendix D). A search of the 1991 Waste Disposal Site Inventory (Appendix D) did not identify closed or active waste disposal sites in 1 km radius of the Site. An active (at the time of the 1991 MECP Inventory) waste disposal site was identified 4 km northwest of the Site in the east portion of the City of Guelph. Based on the separation distance these sites are not considered to be a source of impact or risk to the subject property. No closed waste disposal sites were identified within 5 km radius of the Site. The MECP Record of Site Condition (RSC) Registry was reviewed for listings in the vicinity of the Site (Ontario MECP 2019a and 2019b). There were no properties identified in the RSC Registry within 1 km radius of the Site. Two (2) RSC properties were identified over 2 km north of the site on Arkell Road, inferred to be located hydraulically upgradient to crossgradient of the subject Site. Based on the separation distance the abovementioned RSC properties are not considered to pose a source of environmental risk to the subject Site. The Site or the properties in the vicinity were not listed in the Inventory of Coal Gasification Plants and Coal Tar Sites (MECP, 1987). The Site was not listed on the MECP Hazardous Waste Information Network (HWIN) registered generator list (https://www.hwin.ca/) or in Environment Canada’s National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) database. 3.5.3 TSSA Fuel Safety Division Database A request for information was submitted via e-mail to the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA) to search the Site and select nearby properties to identify records of fuel storage. The e-mail query and response from TSSA are included in Appendix E. The response from the TSSA indicated that no records were located for the Site and properties in the immediate site vicinity. A record for an aboveground fuel storage tank was located at 1820 Gordon Street as further discussed in Section 4.2. 3.5.4 Previous Environmental Reports There were no previous environmental site assessment reports available for review for the Site. A Hydrogeological Study is currently being conducted by GMPB at the Site, as well as a geotechnical investigation is being conducted by V. A. Wood (Guelph) Limited. The geotechnical investigation involved the drilling of seven (7) boreholes at the property, as well as the installation of three (3) monitoring wells as discussed in Section 3.2. Environmental sampling was completed during the geotechnical investigation and included collection soil samples for the analysis of soil quality parameters. Further discussion regarding on-site soil quality is included in Section 4.1 and Section 5.0. 3.6 Site Zoning and Permits According to the City of Guelph zoning website, the subject property was annexed to the City in 1993 and remains listed under Township of Puslinch zoning by-law (City of Guelph, 2019; https://www.puslinch.ca, 2019). The neighbouring lands are within the Residential (R.4 and R.1C-18) and Park (P.1) City of Guelph zoning (Appendix F). 3.7 Site Reconnaissance Site reconnaissance was conducted by Ms. Joanna Olesiuk, M. A. Sc., C. Tech. of GMBP on February 7, 2019. The weather conditions were recorded as snow/freezing rain with temperature near -5°C. Ms. Olesiuk was accompanied by Ms. Sandy Halloran of Mar-Cot Developments who provided information on recent use of the property. Select photographs from the Site reconnaissance are provided in Appendix G. 3.7.1 Site Description The Site consists of two (2) separate properties, 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street which are accessed via private driveways from Gordon Street. Each property is serviced with a water supply well, natural gas, a septic system, and electric power services. Topographically, the Site has significant topographical relief. Based on a recent topographic survey of the Site, elevations ranging from about 351 masl (southwest corner) to 345 masl (northwest corner) were reported. Currently, the Site appears to be generally at grade with the adjacent right-of-way and elevated compared to the surrounding residential development to the south and west, where significant earth moving works were completed during development activities in the recent years. The site and the immediate area are situated within the Horseshoe Moraine physiographic region which is characterized by hummocky and sloping moraine feature in this area. The 1871 Gordon Street property (the northerly property) consists of a one-storey private residence with a basement constructed circa 1960 and is currently occupied by residents. The remainder of the property is grassed, with a fenced-in yard at the rear of the property and landscaped with several garden beds and large trees. The interior of the residence, main floor and the basement, are finished with painted drywall/plaster and/or wood panel walls, carpeted, vinyl/ceramic tile or laminate/hardwood flooring and mainly incandescent lighting. A portion of the basement includes unfinished storage and utility rooms containing furnace, water pressure tank and well equipment and a water heater. These areas consist of exposed wood joist or particle board tile ceiling, plywood, insulation board or concrete block walls, and concrete flooring. Garage of the building is used to store small quantity of miscellaneous domestic items, including a domestic lawnmower and small quantity of gasoline in a portable storage container. There was no evidence of leaks, stains or spills in the vicinity of these items. The 1879 Gordon Street property (the southerly parcel) was vacant at the time of the Site visit and consists of a one-storey private residence with a basement built circa 1960. This residence has recently been rented to tenants. The interior of the residence, main floor and the basement, is finished with painted drywall and/or wood panel walls, carpeted, vinyl/ceramic or laminate/hardwood flooring, and incandescent lighting. The basement includes unfinished utility areas containing furnace, water pressure tank, well equipment, and a water heater. These areas consist of exposed wood joist/particle board tile ceiling, wood panel, exposed insulation or unfinished walls, and concrete flooring. Garage of the building is partially finished with wood panel walls, concrete flooring, fluorescent lighting and mainly tiled ceiling and is used to store small quantity of miscellaneous domestic items, including a fireplace, several bags of concrete, and a small quantity of furniture. What appeared to be suspected mold was observed in the exposed ceiling covered with insulation in the garage of this residence. While a comprehensive inspection for mold which would require intrusive sampling and laboratory analysis is outside of the scope of the ESA, should more certainly regarding the potential mold presence be required, a mold assessment would be recommended. The grounds of the property were observed. The ground surface was partially covered with snow and ice at the time of the site visit, however, where no snow cover existed, no evidence of surficial soil staining or stressed vegetation was observed. The grounds of the property were generally well maintained. 3.8 Adjacent and Nearby Properties Adjacent and nearby properties were observed from the Site and from public rights-of-way during the site reconnaissance. Adjacent neighbouring properties are shown on Figure 2. Further details of activities at the neighbouring properties are contained in the City Directory (Appendix B), ERIS report (Appendix C), with selected pertinent details discussed below. Selected photographs are presented in Appendix G. North To the north of the site is a residential property with an existing single residential dwelling. Further to the north is Poppy Drive right-of-way and recently developed commercial plaza at the intersection of Clair Road West and Gordon Street. Based on the inferred groundwater flow direction, the properties to the north are considered to be located crossgradient of the Site and based on the inferred groundwater flow direction and their use, are considered to pose low potential for environmental impacts or risks to the Site. East To the east/northeast of the subject Site is the Gordon Street right-of-way and the Garden Centre property. Further to the east and southeast is a residential property in early stages of development of a high-rise residential building, and existing residential properties. Based on the inferred groundwater flow direction, the properties to the east/southeast are located upgradient of the subject Site, however, based on their use are considered to pose low potential for environmental impacts or risks to the Site. South To the south of the Site is a residential subdivision. Properties to the south, based on the inferred groundwater flow direction are considered to be located hydraulically downgradient of the subject Site and further, based on their use are not considered to be a source of significant environmental impacts to the subject Site. West To the west of the subject Site is a new residential subdivision. Based on the inferred groundwater flow direction, the properties to the west are considered to be located hydraulically downgradient of the subject Site. and based on their use are not considered to be a source of significant environmental impacts to the subject Site. For further details on the identified records at the neighbouring properties, refer to the ERIS report in Appendix C. 4. ASSESSMENT FOR AREAS OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (APECs) The information gathered from the site reconnaissance and the records search was reviewed to identify Potentially Contaminating Activities (PCAs) within the search area. These PCAs were then assessed in the context of additional available information, such as site setting, and geology associated with the Site, to determine whether these should be considered as Areas of Potential Environmental Concern (APECs) relevant to the Site. An APEC is an item that presents an environmental concern with respect to environmental risk where further investigation is recommended. Additional information obtained as part of the geotechnical investigation at the Site was used in the assessment of APECs. 4.1 Fill Material Historically, fill materials imported to construction sites were not necessarily scrutinized for quality and as such, deleterious fill materials could be deposited and potentially become an environmental concern and liability to a property. At the time of the site visit, visual evidence of deleterious fill material was not observed, and no imported fill materials were noted on the grounds of the property. Based on the observations during the geotechnical investigation, subsurface fill material was reported, underlying the topsoil or asphalt to depths from 0.3 to 2.3 mbgs at the locations of the investigative boreholes. The fill material was reported to consist of silty clay to silty sand to sand and gravel with trace organics and was underlain by native dense gravel and sand deposit with trace silt (V. A. Wood (Guelph) Limited, 2019). The presence of the fill material is inferred to be related to the original development of the properties into residential use circa 1960. During the geotechnical investigation, two (2) samples of the fill material were collected from depths of 1.5 to 2.0 mbgs and 1.5 to 2.0 mbgs, and the samples were analyzed for one (1) or more of the following parameters including metals and inorganics, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) and F1 to F4 petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results of laboratory analysis were compared to the soil quality standards applicable to this Site, as referenced in the MECP’s Soil, Ground Water, and Sediment Standards for Use Under Part XV.1 of the Environmental Protection Act (April 2011), hereafter referred to as the “Standard” for Residential/Parkland/Institutional Property Use in a potable groundwater condition and coarse soil texture setting. Based on the results reported by an accredited Environmental laboratory (ALS Environmental, Waterloo, Ontario), the samples of the fill material met the applicable site Standard. 4.2 Soil Quality In addition to the fill material samples collected during the geotechnical investigation, three (3) additional samples, one (1) of topsoil and two (2) samples of the native sand and gravel soils from the Site were submitted for soil quality analysis for one (1) or more of the parameters including metals and inorganics, BTEX, F1 to F4 PHCs and PAHs. Of these samples, the topsoil sample from a borehole along the southerly property line (collected from 0.0 to 0.6 mbgs) and sample of the native sand and gravel soil from a borehole along the easterly property line (collected from 3.0 to 3.5 mbgs) were reported to have elevated concentrations of mercury (0.68 ug/g above Standard value of 0.27 ug/g) and lead (125 ug/g above Standard value of 120 ug/g), respectively. The remainder of the samples and analyzed parameters met the applicable soil quality criteria from Table 2 of the MECP Standard. Based on our experience with projects within the City of Guelph where native coarse soils have been encountered, and based on available information from the MECP and Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health Unit, native soils specifically granular in texture, are sometimes elevated in certain metal parameters (i.e. lead and zinc) which is reported to be consistent with naturally occurring conditions or representative of “background” conditions in the some areas of the City. With respect to the reported elevated levels of lead and mercury in the two (2) samples collected from the topsoil and the subsurface native sand and gravel soils, these are considered to be isolated in nature, as the remainder of the samples contained concentrations well below the applicable MECP Standard for these parameters. Therefore, the potential for environmental risk or impact to the subject property is considered to be low. However, should excess soils from the Site require off-site disposal as part of future development, disposal options will need to be considered based on the receiving site’s requirements. 4.3 Fuel Storage Tanks On-Site Fuel storage tanks are a frequent cause of environmental impacts. Leaking tanks may produce a long-term, continuous source of hydrocarbon products that may impact soils and groundwater, especially in the case of aged underground fuel storage tanks which did not have a reliable means of leak detection. Underground fuel storage tanks are also often accompanied by underground piping, which may also be susceptible to leaking and release of hydrocarbons. Additionally, fuel impacts may be found some distance away from a tank (whether aboveground or underground) in the vicinity of the fuel tank fill point. No records or evidence of fuel storage tanks were found during the site reconnaissance at the Site. The Fuels Safety Division of the TSSA reported they have no records (maintained as of circa 1980’s) on file indicating the presence of underground or aboveground fuel storage tanks on the subject Site. No records of fuel storage on the subject Site were listed in the ERIS report in the currently maintained or historical fuel storage/TSSA databases. Based on the age of the private residence (circa 1960), there may have potentially been an oil furnace in use at the Site historically, however, there were no fuel oil tanks observed in either of the residences at the time of the site visit. Furthermore, there was no evidence of staining or oil leaks in the unfinished portions of the basements in the vicinity of the furnace or in the other unfinished utility and storage rooms. A soot clean-out access door was observed in the basement of the 1871 Gordon Street residence, so its possible that coal or wood may have also been used as a source of heat in the residence. Based on no evidence from records or site visit of present or past fuel storage on-site, the potential for impacts from fuel storage tanks are considered to be low. Off-Site The TSSA records (Appendix E) did not identify records of fuel storage tanks located on neighbouring properties adjoining the Site. In the greater Site vicinity, the TSSA identified a record of an aboveground fuel storage at the property located at 1820 Gordon Street, the former location of the Pergola Drive Inn golf driving range, located north of the subject Site (Appendix E). This property has in recent years been redeveloped into a commercial plaza. Based on the recent redevelopment of this property, the separation distance and the site location, which based on the inferred direction of groundwater flow is considered cross-gradient of the subject Site, impacts from this historical presence of the fuel AST is not considered to be a source of significant environmental impacts to the subject Site. 4.4 Asbestos Containing Materials, Urea Formaldehyde Foam Insulation, Ozone Depleting Substances, Leaded Paint Asbestos was widely used in variety of construction materials in the past. The use of asbestos containing materials (ACMs) in building materials was discontinued around 1985. Ontario Regulation 278/05 under the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1990, defines ACMs as materials that contain 0.5 per cent or more of asbestos by dry weight. Federal and Provincial Occupational Health and Safety Acts, and the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS), identify asbestos as a carcinogenic health hazard that is regulated. Because of these regulations, the production of asbestos containing materials has been widely discontinued since the mid 1980’s. Urea Formaldehyde Foam Insulation (UFFI) was installed primarily in wall cavities during the 1970s as an alternative to the typical insulation materials at that time. Its appearance can vary from white to tan in colour and resembles Styrofoam. Over time, UFFI that is exposed to the air, becomes wet, or has been damaged, can potentially release formaldehyde vapours, which can cause various human health effects. Due to the documented health concerns, the use of UFFI insulation was discontinued in 1980. The most common ozone depleting substances (ODS) of concern are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and halons, which were commonly used in air conditioning, refrigeration, and in the manufacture of rigid foam. The initial control of these substances was implemented in 1987 and the complete phase-out of these substances was finalized between 1994 and 1995. An air conditioning unit is present at the residence. When maintained in good working order, impacts from ODS are not anticipated. Proper disposal should take place when these units are no longer maintained in good working order or being removed during demolition. Lead was used as an additive in paints prior to 1960 to make paint wear well and dry quickly and evenly. Leaded paint is a potential source of environmental impact or risk primarily if it is in poor condition and flaking. Most indoor and outdoor paints produced before 1950 contained substantial amounts of lead. Since 1976, the amount of lead in interior paint has been limited by law. Although the lead content of exterior paint is not regulated, Canadian paint manufacturers have voluntarily ensured that no lead is intentionally added. Exterior paint with lead carries a warning label. Some flaking paint was noted in the basements of the residences. During the current site visit, ACMs, UFFI, ODSs or leaded paint were not specifically identified at the Site. However, based on the age of the on-Site building (originally constructed in circa 1960) ACMs within wall cavities or in other building materials or leaded paint may be potentially present. Should more certainly regarding ACMs and leaded paint be required, a Designated Substance Survey would be recommended. 4.5 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Between 1920 and 1978, PCBs were used extensively as a dielectric fluid in electrical transformers, motor capacitors, and fluorescent light ballasts. Current legislation prohibits the manufacture and sale of new equipment containing PCBs (1980). Fluorescent lighting was observed in the garage of the 1879 Gordon Street residence. Based on the age of the original building, the ballasts may contain PCBs, and should be handled and disposed of properly especially when observed to be leaking fluid. 4.6 Registered Waste Generators The MECP through the Environmental Protection Act and Ontario Regulation 347 sets out strict provisions for storage, registration, transport and disposal of generated industrial/hazardous wastes. If handled, stored and disposed of properly, as per current regulations, these registered wastes pose a limited environmental risk and limited potential for impacts to the subject properties. However, it is outside the scope of the current assessment to thoroughly study the waste handling and overall operations of the neighbouring and surrounding properties. The subject Site was not listed in the MECP’s Hazardous Waste Information Network for registered waste generation. The ERIS report did not identify records of registered waste generators in the study area. 5. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND ASSESSMENT The pertinent findings of the Phase One ESA for 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street properties are summarized as follows: - The legal description of the Site is Part of Lot 1, Concession 1, Division E in the City of Guelph. - The subject Site is located at 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, in a mixed residential and commercial land use setting, with majority of adjacent lands in various stages of re-development from former residential and agricultural use into residential and commercial uses. - The Site, previously part of agricultural/vacant lands was developed in circa 1960 and was under residential use since development. - The native soils in the Site vicinity consist of sand and gravel to sandy to silty sand till soils overlying limestone/dolostone bedrock anticipated to be approximately 30 m below ground surface. - No records or evidence were found in searched records to indicate the historical presence of fuel storage tanks on-Site or at properties in the immediate vicinity of the Site. - Based on the age of the on-Site building, ACMs and leaded paint may be potentially present in the building materials. - Fill material may have potentially been used during site development in the 1960s. Reported results of fill quality laboratory analysis indicated that the samples of the fill material met the applicable MECP site Standard. - Two (2) samples, a topsoil sample and sample of the native sand and gravel soil, were reported to be elevated in mercury and lead above applicable Standard (V. A. Wood (Guelph) Limited. 2019). Based on isolated nature of these exceedances and naturally occurring metals (specifically in granular soils), the potential for environmental risk or impact to the subject property is considered to be low. Should excess soils from the Site require off-site disposal as part of future development, disposal options will need to be considered based on the receiving site’s requirements. 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This Phase One Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) was completed to identify potential and/or actual environmental concerns associated with the Site resulting from land use activities, whether current or historical and whether those occurred on-Site or on nearby lands. It is our understanding that this Phase One ESA is conducted to support the zone change and the development process with the City of Guelph and that it is not required to support a Record of Site Condition (RSC) under Ontario Regulation (O. Reg.) 153/04 (as amended). It is recommended that as part of future land development, unused monitoring and water supply wells be decommissioned in accordance with Ontario Regulation 903 and that the on-site sewage disposal system be decommissioned by a licenced Contractor. No actual sources of environmental concern or impacts to the Site were identified due to current or historical on-Site operations or off-site impacts. Based on the findings of the Phase One ESA, potential for environmental impacts or risks to the subject property from on-site and off-site sources is considered to be low. No further investigation is recommended at this time. 7. REFERENCES 7.1 Contacts with Agencies Fuels Safety Division Technical Standards and Safety Authority 14th Floor, Centre Tower 3300 Bloor Street West Toronto, ON M8X 2X4 Attn: Public Information Centre Tel: 877-682-8772 National Air Photo Library Natural Resources Canada 615 Booth Street, Room 180 Ottawa, ON K1A 0E9 Tel: 613-995-4560 Fax: 613-995-4568 Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks Guelph District Office 1 Stone Road West Guelph, ON N1G 4Y2 Tel: 519-826-4255 Fax: 519-826-4286 7.2 Contacts with Private Companies Environmental Risk Information Service (ERIS) Limited 12 Concorde Place, Suite 800 Toronto, ON M3C 4J2 Tel: 416-510-5204 / 877-512-5204 Fax: 416-510-5133 E-mail: [email protected] 7.3 Reference Materials Brunton, F. R. 2009. Update of revisions to Early Silurian stratigraphy of Niagara Escarpment, integration of sequence stratigraphy/sedimentology/hydrogeology to delineate hydrogeologic units (HGUs); in Summary of Field Work and Other Activities, 2009, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6240, p.25-1 to 25-20. Canadian Standards Association (CSA). 2001. Standard Z768-01, Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Chapman, L. J. and Putnam, D.F. 2007. Physiography of Southern Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Release–Data 228. Chapman, L. J. and Putnam, D.F. 1984. The Physiography of Southern Ontario, 3rd Edition. Ontario Geological Survey, Volume 2 Grand River Conservation Authority. Aerial Photographs – 2000, 2006, 2010, 2015 Online Web GIS Watershed Viewer. Accessed at http://grims.grandriverfaca/imf/imf.jsp?site=grca_viewer&ddsid=12e9eb Intera Technologies Ltd. 1987. Inventory of Coal Gasification Plant Waste Sites in Ontario. Volume II. Prepared for Ministry of the Environment Waste Management Branch. Jagger Hims Limited, 1998. City of Guelph Aquifer Performance Evaluation, Volume 1, Southwest Quadrant, City of Guelph. Karrow P. F. 1968. Map 2153. Pleistocene Geology of the Guelph Area, Southern Ontario, Ontario Division of Mines (in Jagger Hims Limited, 1998). Ontario Geological Survey. 2010. Surficial Geology of Southern Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Release 0 Data 128- Revised Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. 2019a. Records of Site Condition Registry: July 1, 2011. Accessed at https://www.ontario.ca/environment-and-energy/records-site-condition Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. 2019b. Records of Site Condition and Transition Notices: October 1, 2004 to June 30, 2011. Accessed at https://www.lrcsde.lrc.gov.on.ca/besrWebPublic/generalSearch Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. 2019c. Interactive Well Records Database. Accessed November, 2016 at: http://www.ontario.ca/environment-and-energy/map-well-record-data Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. 2019d. Hazardous Waste Information Network. Accessed at https://www.hwin.ca/hwin/ The Underwriters’ Survey Bureau, Limited. 1987 (revised 1906), 1960. Fire Insurance Plans for City of Guelph. V. A. Wood (Guelph) Limited. June 2019. Preliminary Geotechnical Investigation Proposed Apartment Building 1871 & 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario. 8. STATEMENT OF LIMITATIONS The information presented in this Phase One ESA report is intended for the sole use of Mar-Cot Developments. GM BluePlan Engineering Limited accepts no liability for use of this information by third parties. Any decisions made by third parties on the basis of information provided in this report are made at the sole risk of the third parties. The scope of this Phase One ESA was limited to a review of the history of the Site; a review of available regional mapping and available background reports and information; surface/topographic features; contact with relevant regulatory agencies; review of available historical records and reports and a site reconnaissance completed on February 7, 2019. This Phase One ESA assumes that a Record of Site Condition (RSC) under O. Reg. 153/04 (as amended) is not required to be filed for this property. GM BluePlan Engineering Limited cannot guarantee the accuracy or reliability of information provided by others or presented in records and reports available for the property. GM BluePlan Engineering Limited does not accept liability for unknown, unidentified, undisclosed or unforeseen surface or sub-surface contamination that may be later identified. The scope of this Phase One ESA was limited to investigating the actual or potential sources of environmental impact or environmental risk and does not include full confirmation of actual environmental impact or environmental risk. While comments have been made regarding the inferred groundwater flow direction and the perceived risks of potential environmental concerns to soil and groundwater at the Site from on-site or off-site sources, full confirmatory assessment of soil and groundwater conditions is beyond the scope of this assessment. While comments have been provided regarding ACM, PCB, leaded paint, ODS, mold and UFFI, a thorough inspection and testing for these materials was not performed and is outside of the scope of this assessment. Further, while comments have been made regarding the perceived risks of potential environmental concerns, a complete risk assessment is beyond the scope of this report. This report is believed to provide documentation of site conditions as of February 7, 2019. 9. QUALIFICATIONS OF ASSESSORS Phase One ESA research and site reconnaissance were performed by Joanna Olesiuk, M. A. Sc., C. Tech., under the direct supervision of Mr. Matthew Nelson, P. Eng., P. Geo. Ms. Olesiuk, M. A. Sc., C. Tech. is an Environmental Technologist with over thirteen years of experience in environmental and hydrogeological investigations. Ms. Olesiuk has been involved in conducting field activities, performing data analysis and report writing for numerous Phase One and Two Environmental Site Assessments, site remediation, hydrogeologic studies, dewatering studies and various environmental investigations for residential, commercial and industrial properties. Mr. Nelson, M.Sc., P. Eng., P. Geo. is an Environmental Engineer/Hydrogeologist with over eighteen years of experience with environmental, hydrogeological, and remedial investigations. Mr. Nelson has experience preparing numerous Phase One and Phase Two Environmental Site Assessments, environmental investigations, and the completion of Phase Three site remediation projects. Mr. Nelson has been involved with detailed environmental site investigations for numerous large commercial and industrial properties in Canada and the United States. GM BluePlan Engineering Limited has completed numerous Phase One Environmental Site Assessments, which also include follow-up Phase Two Environmental Site Assessments. GM BluePlan Engineering Limited has also been involved with the remediation of numerous sites, and with the preparation of a Record of Site Condition for residential, commercial and industrial properties. All of which is respectfully submitted. GM BluePlan Engineering Limited Per: [Signature] Joanna Olesiuk, M. A. Sc., C. Tech. [Signature] Matthew Nelson, P. Eng., P. Geo. FIGURES Project: 118170 Phase One ESA 1871 And 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, ON Part of Lot 11, Concession 7, Geo. Twp. of Puslinch Site Boundary Scale: 1:50,000 January, 2019 Figure 1: Site Location Sources: Esri, HERE, DeLorme, Intermap, increment P Corp., GEBCO, USGS, FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), swisstopo, MapmyIndia, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community Project: 118170 Phase One ESA 1871 And 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, ON Part of Lot 11, Concession 7, Geo. Twp. of Puslinch Roads Site Boundary Scale: 1:6,000 January, 2019 Figure 2 : Site Layout Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Project: 118170 Phase One ESA 1871 And 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, ON Part of Lot 11, Concession 7, Geo. Twp. of Puslinch Physiography of Southern Ontario - Roads - Site Boundary - Physiography - Spillways - Till Moraines Scale: 1: 6,000 January, 2019 Figure 3: Site Physiography Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Project: 118170 Phase One ESA 1871 And 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, ON Part of Lot 11, Concession 7, Geo. Twp. of Puslinch Roads Site Boundary Surficial Geology of Ontario - Ice-contact gravel - Kames and eskers - Outwash - Outwash gravel - Wentworth Till Scale: 1:6,000 January, 2019 Figure 4: Surficial Geology Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community APPENDIX A: Aerial Photographs Aerial Photograph - 1930 118170-1 - Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property Source: National Air Photo Library Aerial Photograph - 1962 118170-1 - Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property Source: National Air Photo Library Aerial Photograph - 1972 118170-1 - Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property Source: National Air Photo Library Aerial Photograph - 1990 118170-1 - Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property Source: National Air Photo Library Aerial Photograph - 2000 118170-1 - Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property GRCA Disclaimer This map is for illustrative purposes only. Information contained herein is not a substitute for professional review or a title survey and is subject to change without notice. The Grand River Conservation Authority takes no responsibility for, nor guarantees, the accuracy of the information contained on this map. Any interpretations or conclusions drawn from this map are the sole responsibility of the user. Copyright © Grand River Conservation Authority, 2013 Aerial Photograph - 2006 118170-1 Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property Grand River Conservation Authority GRCA Disclaimer This map is for illustrative purposes only. Information contained herein is not a substitute for professional review or a site survey and is subject to change without notice. The Grand River Conservation Authority takes no responsibility for, nor guarantees, the accuracy of the information contained on this map. Any interpretations or conclusions drawn from this map are the sole responsibility of the user. Map center: 503847, 4816243 Copyright © Grand River Conservation Authority, 2013 Aerial Photograph - 2010 112069 - Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1897 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property GRCA Disclaimer This map is for illustrative purposes only. Information contained herein is not a substitute for professional review or a site survey and is subject to change without notice. The Grand River Conservation Authority takes no responsibility for, nor guarantees, the accuracy of the information contained on this map. Any interpretations or conclusions drawn from this map are the sole responsibility of the user. Copyright © Grand River Conservation Authority, 2013 Aerial Photograph - 2015 118170-1 - Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property Grand River Conservation Authority, 2019 Original Scale 1:5,000 APPENDIX B: City Directory \| PROJECT NUMBER: \| 20190109082 \| \|-----------------\|-------------\| \| Site Address: \| 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario \| \| Year: \| 2011 \| \| Site Listing: \| 1871-Address Not Listed \| \| \| 1879-Res (1 Tenant) \| \| Adjacent Properties: \| \| \| 1820 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1839 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1858 Gordon Street \| -Brock Road Nursery \| \| \| -Complete Landscaping \| \| Address \| Description \| \|------------------\|------------------------------\| \| 1861 Gordon Street \| -Res (1 Tenant) \| \| 1888 Gordon Street \| -Res (1 Tenant) \| \| 1897 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1906 Gordon Street \| -Res (1 Tenant) \| \| 1921 Gordon Street \| -Res ((1 Tenant) \| \| 63 Clair Road East \| -Address Not Listed \| PROJECT NUMBER: 20190109082 Site Address: 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario Year: 2006-07 Site Listing: - 1871-Res (1 Tenant) - 1879-Res (1 Tenant) Adjacent Properties: \| Address \| Tenant/Notes \| \|-------------------------\|---------------------------------------------------\| \| 1820 Gordon Street \| -Pergola Drive Inn Ltd. \| \| 1839 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1858 Gordon Street \| -Brock Road Nursery \| \| \| -Complete Landscaping \| \| \| -Res (1 Tenant) \| \| 1861 Gordon Street \| -Res (1 Tenant) \| \| 1888 Gordon Street \| -Res (1 Tenant) \| \| 1897 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1906 Gordon Street \| -Res (1 Tenant) \| \| 1921 Gordon Street \| -Res ((1 Tenant) \| \| 63 Clair Road East \| -Address Not Listed \| PROJECT NUMBER: 20190109082 Site Address: 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario Year: 2001-02 \| Site Listing: \| 1871-Address Not Listed \| 1879-Res (1 Tenant) \| \|-----------------------\|----------------------\| \| Adjacent Properties: \| \| \| 1820 Gordon Street \| -Pergola Drive Inn Ltd. \| \| 1839 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1858 Gordon Street \| -Brock Road Nursery \| -Complete Landscaping \| -Res (1 Tenant) \| \| 1861 Gordon Street \| -Res (1 Tenant) \| \| 1888 Gordon Street \| -Res (1 Tenant) \| \| 1897 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1906 Gordon Street \| -Res (1 Tenant) \| \| 1921 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 63 Clair Road East \| -Address Not Listed \| \| PROJECT NUMBER: \| 20190109082 \| \|-----------------\|-------------\| \| Site Address: \| 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario \| \| Year: \| 1996-97 \| \| Site Listing: \| 1871-Address Not Listed \| 1879-Res (1 Tenant) \| \| Adjacent Properties: \| \| \| 1820 Gordon Street \| -Pergola Drive Inn Ltd. \| \| 1839 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1858 Gordon Street \| -Brock Road Nursery \| -Complete Landscaping \| -Res (1 Tenant) \| \| 1861 Gordon Street \| -Res 1 Tenant) \| \| 1888 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1897 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| PROJECT NUMBER: \| 20190109082 \| \|-----------------\|-------------\| \| Site Address: \| 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario \| \| Year: \| 1991-92 \| \| Site Listing: \| 1871-Address Not Listed \| 1879-Address Not Listed \| \| Adjacent Properties: \| \| \| 1820 Gordon Street \| -Pergola Recreation Centre \| \| 1839 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1858 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1861 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| Address \| Notes \| \|-------------------------\|------------------------------\| \| 1888 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1897 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1906 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1921 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 63 Clair Road East \| -Address Not Listed \| PROJECT NUMBER: 20190109082 Site Address: 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario Year: 1986 Site Listing: - 1871-Address Not Listed - 1879-Address Not Listed Adjacent Properties: - 1820 Gordon Street: -Pergola Recreation Centre - 1839 Gordon Street: -Address Not Listed \| Address \| -Address Not Listed \| \|-------------------------\|---------------------\| \| 1858 Gordon Street \| \| \| 1861 Gordon Street \| \| \| 1888 Gordon Street \| \| \| 1897 Gordon Street \| \| \| 1906 Gordon Street \| \| \| 1921 Gordon Street \| \| \| 63 Clair Road East \| \| PROJECT NUMBER: 20190109082 Site Address: 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario Year: 1981 Site Listing: - 1871-Address Not Listed - 1879-Address Not Listed Adjacent Properties: \| Address \| Notes \| \|-------------------------\|------------------------------\| \| 1820 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1839 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1858 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1861 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1888 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1897 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1906 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1921 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 63 Clair Road East \| -Address Not Listed \| PROJECT NUMBER: 20190109082 Site Address: 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario Year: 1976 \| Site Listing: \| 1871-Address Not Listed \| \| 1879-Address Not Listed \| \| Adjacent Properties: \| \| \| 1820 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1839 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1858 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1861 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1888 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1897 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1906 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1921 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 63 Clair Road East \| -Address Not Listed \| PROJECT NUMBER: 20190109082 \| Site Address: \| 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario \| \|--------------\|---------------------------------------------\| \| Year: \| 1971 \| \| Site Listing:\| 1871-Address Not Listed \| \| \| 1879-Address Not Listed \| \| Adjacent Properties: \| \| \| 1820 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1839 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1858 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1861 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1888 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1897 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1906 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1921 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| PROJECT NUMBER: \| 20190109082 \| \|-----------------\|-------------\| \| Site Address: \| 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario \| \| Year: \| 1966 \| \| Site Listing: \| 1871-Address Not Listed \| 1879-Address Not Listed \| \| Adjacent Properties: \| \| \| 1820 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1839 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1858 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1861 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1888 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1897 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| Address \| Address Not Listed \| \|------------------\|--------------------\| \| 1906 Gordon Street \| \| \| 1921 Gordon Street \| \| \| 63 Clair Road East \| \| PROJECT NUMBER: 20190109082 Site Address: 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario Year: 1961 Site Listing: - 1871-Address Not Listed - 1879-Address Not Listed Adjacent Properties: \| Address \| Address Not Listed \| \|------------------\|--------------------\| \| 1820 Gordon Street \| \| \| 1839 Gordon Street \| \| \| 1858 Gordon Street \| \| \| 1861 Gordon Street \| \| \| Address \| Notes \| \|-------------------------\|------------------------------\| \| 1888 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1897 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1906 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 1921 Gordon Street \| -Address Not Listed \| \| 63 Clair Road East \| -Address Not Listed \| -All listings for businesses were listed as they are in the city directory. -Listings that are residential are listed as “residential” with the number of tenants. The name of the residential tenant is not listed in the above city directory. APPENDIX C: Eris Report Project Property: Phase One ESA - 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph 1871 Gordon St Guelph ON N1L 1G7 Project No: 118170 Report Type: Standard Report Order No: 20190109082 Requested by: GM BluePlan Engineering Limited Date Completed: January 15, 2019 # Table of Contents \| Section \| Page \| \|----------------------------------------------\|------\| \| Table of Contents \| 2 \| \| Executive Summary \| 3 \| \| Executive Summary: Report Summary \| 4 \| \| Executive Summary: Site Report Summary - Project Property \| 6 \| \| Executive Summary: Site Report Summary - Surrounding Properties \| 7 \| \| Executive Summary: Summary By Data Source \| 10 \| \| Map \| 14 \| \| Aerial \| 15 \| \| Topographic Map \| 16 \| \| Detail Report \| 17 \| \| Unplottable Summary \| 78 \| \| Unplottable Report \| 80 \| \| Appendix: Database Descriptions \| 94 \| \| Definitions \| 103 \| Notice: IMPORTANT LIMITATIONS and YOUR LIABILITY Reliance on information in Report: This report DOES NOT replace a full Phase I Environmental Site Assessment but is solely intended to be used as a database review of environmental records. License for use of information in Report: No page of this report can be used without this cover page, this notice and the project property identifier. The information in Report(s) may not be modified or re-sold. Your Liability for misuse: Using this Service and/or its reports in a manner contrary to this Notice or your agreement will be in breach of copyright and contract and ERIS may obtain damages for such mis-use, including damages caused to third parties, and gives ERIS the right to terminate your account, rescind your license to any previous reports and to bar you from future use of the Service. No warranty of Accuracy or Liability for ERIS: The information contained in this report has been produced by ERIS Information Limited Partnership ("ERIS") using various sources of information, including information provided by Federal and Provincial government departments. The report applies only to the address and up to the date specified on the cover of this report, and any alterations or deviation from this description will require a new report. This report and the data contained herein does not purport to be and does not constitute a guarantee of the accuracy of the information contained herein and does not constitute a legal opinion nor medical advice. Although ERIS has endeavored to present you with information that is accurate, ERIS disclaims, any and all liability for any errors, omissions, or inaccuracies in such information and data, whether attributable to inadvertence, negligence or otherwise, and for any consequences arising therefrom. Liability on the part of ERIS is limited to the monetary value paid for this report. Trademark and Copyright: You may not use the ERIS trademarks or attribute any work to ERIS other than as outlined above. This Service and Report(s) are protected by copyright owned by ERIS Information Limited Partnership. Copyright in data used in the Service or Report(s) (the "Data") is owned by ERIS or its licensors. The Service, Report(s) and Data may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in any substantial part without prior written consent of ERIS. Executive Summary Property Information: Project Property: Phase One ESA - 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph 1871 Gordon St Guelph ON N1L 1G7 Project No: 118170 Coordinates: - Latitude: 43.498346 - Longitude: -80.18687 - UTM Northing: 4,816,478.76 - UTM Easting: 565,738.83 - UTM Zone: UTM Zone 17T Elevation: - 1,152 FT - 351.10 M Order Information: Order No: 20190109082 Date Requested: January 9, 2019 Requested by: GM BluePlan Engineering Limited Report Type: Standard Report Historical/Products: City Directory Search CD - Subject Site plus 10 Adjacent Properties \| Database \| Name \| Searched \| Project Property \| Within 0.25 km \| Total \| \|----------\|-------------------------------------------\|----------\|------------------\|----------------\|-------\| \| AAGR \| Abandoned Aggregate Inventory \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| AGR \| Aggregate Inventory \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| AMIS \| Abandoned Mine Information System \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| ANDR \| Anderson's Waste Disposal Sites \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| AUWR \| Automobile Wrecking & Supplies \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| BORE \| Borehole \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| CA \| Certificates of Approval \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| CFOT \| Commercial Fuel Oil Tanks \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| CHEM \| Chemical Register \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| CNG \| Compressed Natural Gas Stations \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| COAL \| Inventory of Coal Gasification Plants and Coal Tar Sites \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| CONV \| Compliance and Convictions \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| CPU \| Certificates of Property Use \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| DRL \| Drill Hole Database \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| DRYCLEANERS \| Dry Cleaning Facilities \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| EASR \| Environmental Activity and Sector Registry\| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| EBR \| Environmental Registry \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| ECA \| Environmental Compliance Approval \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| EEM \| Environmental Effects Monitoring \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| EHS \| ERIS Historical Searches \| Y \| 0 \| 6 \| 6 \| \| EIIS \| Environmental Issues Inventory System \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| EMHE \| Emergency Management Historical Event \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| EXP \| List of TSSA Expired Facilities \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| FCON \| Federal Convictions \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| FCS \| Contaminated Sites on Federal Land \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| FOFT \| Fisheries & Oceans Fuel Tanks \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| FST \| Fuel Storage Tank \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| FSTH \| Fuel Storage Tank - Historic \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| GEN \| Ontario Regulation 347 Waste Generators Summary \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| GHG \| Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Large Facilities \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| HINC \| TSSA Historic Incidents \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| IAFT \| Indian & Northern Affairs Fuel Tanks \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| INC \| TSSA Incidents \| Y \| 1 \| 0 \| 1 \| \| LIMO \| Landfill Inventory Management Ontario \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| MINE \| Canadian Mine Locations \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| MISA PENALTY \| Environmental Penalty Annual Report \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| Database \| Name \| Searched \| Project Property \| Within 0.25 km \| Total \| \|----------\|----------------------------------------------------------------------\|----------\|------------------\|----------------\|-------\| \| MNR \| Mineral Occurrences \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| NATE \| National Analysis of Trends in Emergencies System (NATES) \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| NCPL \| Non-Compliance Reports \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| NDFT \| National Defense & Canadian Forces Fuel Tanks \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| NDSP \| National Defense & Canadian Forces Spills \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| NDWD \| National Defence & Canadian Forces Waste Disposal Sites \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| NEBI \| National Energy Board Pipeline Incidents \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| NEBW \| National Energy Board Wells \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| NEES \| National Environmental Emergencies System (NEES) \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| NPCB \| National PCB Inventory \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| NPRI \| National Pollutant Release Inventory \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| OGW \| Oil and Gas Wells \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| OOGW \| Ontario Oil and Gas Wells \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| OPCB \| Inventory of PCB Storage Sites \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| ORD \| Orders \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| PAP \| Canadian Pulp and Paper \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| PCFT \| Parks Canada Fuel Storage Tanks \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| PES \| Pesticide Register \| Y \| 0 \| 4 \| 4 \| \| PINC \| TSSA Pipeline Incidents \| Y \| 0 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| PRT \| Private and Retail Fuel Storage Tanks \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| PTTW \| Permit to Take Water \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| REC \| Ontario Regulation 347 Waste Receivers Summary \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| RSC \| Record of Site Condition \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| RST \| Retail Fuel Storage Tanks \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| SCT \| Scott's Manufacturing Directory \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| SPL \| Ontario Spills \| Y \| 0 \| 2 \| 2 \| \| SRDS \| Wastewater Discharger Registration Database \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TANK \| Anderson's Storage Tanks \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TCFT \| Transport Canada Fuel Storage Tanks \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| VAR \| TSSA Variances for Abandonment of Underground Storage Tanks \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| WDS \| Waste Disposal Sites - MOE CA Inventory \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| WDSH \| Waste Disposal Sites - MOE 1991 Historical Approval Inventory \| Y \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| WWIS \| Water Well Information System \| Y \| 1 \| 21 \| 22 \| Total: 2 34 36 \| Map Key \| DB \| Company/Site Name \| Address \| Dir/Dist (m) \| Elev diff (m) \| Page Number \| \|---------\|------\|-------------------\|--------------------------\|--------------\|---------------\|-------------\| \| 1 \| INC \| \| 1879 GORDON ST, GUELPH ON N1L 1G7 \| SSW/15.2 \| 1.74 \| 17 \| \| 2 \| WWIS \| \| lot 11 con 7 ON \| NW/30.5 \| -0.21 \| 18 \| Well ID: 6702486 \| Map Key \| DB \| Company/Site Name \| Address \| Dir/Dist (m) \| Elev Diff (m) \| Page Number \| \|---------\|------\|-------------------\|--------------------------\|--------------\|---------------\|-------------\| \| 3 \| WWIS \| \| lot 11 con 7 ON \| SSE/44.0 \| 3.78 \| 21 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 4 \| WWIS \| \| GUELPH ON \| S/51.9 \| 3.78 \| 25 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 5 \| WWIS \| \| Guelph ON \| ESE/58.6 \| 0.54 \| 27 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 6 \| WWIS \| \| Guelph ON \| SE/83.4 \| 2.72 \| 29 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 7 \| WWIS \| \| lot 11 con 7 ON \| W/83.6 \| -3.88 \| 31 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 8 \| WWIS \| \| lot 11 con 7 ON \| S/97.0 \| 3.79 \| 34 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 9 \| WWIS \| \| GUELPH ON \| E/104.3 \| -1.02 \| 38 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 10 \| WWIS \| \| GUELPH ON \| E/108.9 \| -1.12 \| 40 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 11 \| WWIS \| \| GUELPH ON \| S/112.8 \| 3.79 \| 43 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 12 \| EHS \| \| 1897 Grdon Street \| SSW/122.7 \| 2.32 \| 45 \| \| \| \| \| Guelph ON \| \| \| \| \| 13 \| WWIS \| \| Guelph ON \| W/131.9 \| -7.23 \| 45 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 14 \| WWIS \| \| lot 11 con 7 ON \| WNW/136.9 \| -7.62 \| 47 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Map Key \| DB \| Company/Site Name \| Address \| Dir/Dist (m) \| Elev Diff (m) \| Page Number \| \|---------\|-----\|-----------------------------------\|----------------------------------------------\|--------------\|---------------\|-------------\| \| 15 \| WWIS\| \| GUELPH ON \| E/147.2 \| -1.70 \| 50 \| \| 15 \| WWIS\| \| GUELPH ON \| E/147.2 \| -1.70 \| 53 \| \| 16 \| WWIS\| \| GUELPH ON \| WSW/162.0 \| -8.06 \| 55 \| \| 17 \| WWIS\| \| lot 11 con 7 GUELPH ON \| WSW/167.1 \| -8.06 \| 57 \| \| 18 \| PINC\| \| 254 GOSLING GARDENS, GUELPH ON \| SW/189.9 \| -6.51 \| 59 \| \| 18 \| SPL \| union gas<UNOFFICIAL> \| 254 Gosling Gardens Guelph ON \| SW/189.9 \| -6.51 \| 59 \| \| 18 \| SPL \| Union Gas Limited \| 254 Gosling Gardens (Lot 26) Guelph ON \| SW/189.9 \| -6.51 \| 60 \| \| 19 \| WWIS\| \| lot 11 con 8 Guelph ON \| NNW/192.8 \| -8.07 \| 60 \| \| 20 \| EHS \| \| 1839 Gordon St Guelph ON N1L1G7 \| WNW/195.0 \| -11.17 \| 62 \| \| 21 \| EHS \| \| Gordon Street and Clair Road West Guelph ON \| WNW/198.0 \| -11.57 \| 63 \| \| 21 \| EHS \| \| Gordon Street and Clair Road West Guelph ON \| WNW/198.0 \| -11.57 \| 63 \| \| 22 \| WWIS\| \| Guelph ON \| SW/210.1 \| -5.46 \| 63 \| \| 23 \| WWIS\| \| lot 12 con 8 ON \| ESE/221.4 \| -1.10 \| 65 \| \| Map Key \| DB \| Company/Site Name \| Address \| Dir/Dist (m) \| Elev Diff (m) \| Page Number \| \|---------\|-----\|------------------------------------------\|--------------------------\|--------------\|---------------\|-------------\| \| 24 \| EHS \| \| 1858 Gordon St \| ENE/232.1 \| -1.86 \| 68 \| \| \| \| \| Guelph ON N1L1G6 \| \| \| \| \| 24 \| PES \| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY \| 1858 GORDON STREET \| ENE/232.1 \| -1.86 \| 68 \| \| \| \| \| GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 \| \| \| \| \| 24 \| PES \| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY \| 1858 GORDON ST \| ENE/232.1 \| -1.86 \| 69 \| \| \| \| \| GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 \| \| \| \| \| 24 \| PES \| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY \| 1858 GORDON ST \| ENE/232.1 \| -1.86 \| 69 \| \| \| \| \| GUELPH ON N1L1G6 \| \| \| \| \| 24 \| PES \| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY \| 1858 GORDON ST \| ENE/232.1 \| -1.86 \| 69 \| \| \| \| \| GUELPH ON N1L1G6 \| \| \| \| \| 25 \| WWIS\| \| Guelph ON \| NW/232.7 \| -11.31 \| 70 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 26 \| EHS \| \| 3.2 ha Property \| NW/236.9 \| -11.31 \| 72 \| \| \| \| \| Guelph ON \| \| \| \| \| 27 \| WWIS\| \| GUELPH ON \| NW/239.6 \| -9.48 \| 72 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 28 \| WWIS\| \| lot 1 con 7 \| ESE/247.2 \| -0.92 \| 74 \| \| \| \| \| ON \| \| \| \| Executive Summary: Summary By Data Source EHS - ERIS Historical Searches A search of the EHS database, dated 1999-Oct 31, 2018 has found that there are 6 EHS site(s) within approximately 0.25 kilometers of the project property. \| Equal/Higher Elevation \| Address \| Direction \| Distance (m) \| Map Key \| \|------------------------\|--------------------------\|-----------\|--------------\|---------\| \| \| 1897 Gordon Street \| SSW \| 122.65 \| 12 \| \| \| Guelph ON \| \| \| \| \| Lower Elevation \| Address \| Direction \| Distance (m) \| Map Key \| \|------------------------\|--------------------------\|-----------\|--------------\|---------\| \| \| 1839 Gordon St \| WNW \| 194.99 \| 20 \| \| \| Guelph ON N1L1G7 \| \| \| \| \| \| Gordon Street and Clair Road West \| WNW \| 197.98 \| 21 \| \| \| Guelph ON \| \| \| \| \| \| 1858 Gordon St \| ENE \| 232.13 \| 24 \| \| \| Guelph ON N1L1G6 \| \| \| \| \| \| 3.2 ha Property \| NW \| 236.94 \| 26 \| \| \| Guelph ON \| \| \| \| INC - TSSA Incidents A search of the INC database, dated Feb 28, 2017 has found that there are 1 INC site(s) within approximately 0.25 kilometers of the project property. \| Equal/Higher Elevation \| Address \| Direction \| Distance (m) \| Map Key \| \|------------------------\|--------------------------\|-----------\|--------------\|---------\| \| \| 1879 GORDON ST, GUELPH \| SSW \| 15.22 \| 1 \| \| \| ON N1L 1G7 \| \| \| \| A search of the PES database, dated 1988-Mar 2018 has found that there are 4 PES site(s) within approximately 0.25 kilometers of the project property. \| Lower Elevation \| Address \| Direction \| Distance (m) \| Map Key \| \|-----------------\|--------------------------\|-----------\|--------------\|---------\| \| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY \| 1858 GORDON ST GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 \| ENE \| 232.13 \| 24 \| \| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY \| 1858 GORDON ST GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 \| ENE \| 232.13 \| 24 \| \| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY \| 1858 GORDON ST GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 \| ENE \| 232.13 \| 24 \| \| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY \| 1858 GORDON STREET GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 \| ENE \| 232.13 \| 24 \| PINC - TSSA Pipeline Incidents A search of the PINC database, dated Feb 28, 2017 has found that there are 1 PINC site(s) within approximately 0.25 kilometers of the project property. \| Lower Elevation \| Address \| Direction \| Distance (m) \| Map Key \| \|-----------------\|--------------------------\|-----------\|--------------\|---------\| \| union gas<UNOFFICIAL> \| 254 Gosling Gardens Guelph ON \| SW \| 189.91 \| 18 \| SPL - Ontario Spills A search of the SPL database, dated 1988-Sep 2018 has found that there are 2 SPL site(s) within approximately 0.25 kilometers of the project property. \| Lower Elevation \| Address \| Direction \| Distance (m) \| Map Key \| \|-----------------\|--------------------------\|-----------\|--------------\|---------\| \| union gas<UNOFFICIAL> \| 254 Gosling Gardens Guelph ON \| SW \| 189.91 \| 18 \| \| Union Gas Limited \| 254 Gosling Gardens (Lot 26) Guelph ON \| SW \| 189.91 \| 18 \| WWIS - Water Well Information System A search of the WWIS database, dated Dec 31, 2017 has found that there are 22 WWIS site(s) within approximately 0.25 kilometers of the project property. \| Equal/Higher Elevation \| Address \| Direction \| Distance (m) \| Map Key \| \|------------------------\|--------------------------\|-----------\|--------------\|---------\| \| \| lot 11 con 7 ON \| SSE \| 43.96 \| 3 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| GUELPH ON \| S \| 51.86 \| 4 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Guelph ON \| ESE \| 58.56 \| 5 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Guelph ON \| SE \| 83.43 \| 6 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| lot 11 con 7 ON \| S \| 97.00 \| 8 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| GUELPH ON \| S \| 112.78 \| 11 \| \| Lower Elevation \| Address \| Direction \| Distance (m) \| Map Key \| \|------------------------\|--------------------------\|-----------\|--------------\|---------\| \| \| lot 11 con 7 ON \| NW \| 30.51 \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| lot 11 con 7 ON \| W \| 83.57 \| 7 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| GUELPH ON \| E \| 104.33 \| 9 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| GUELPH ON \| E \| 108.92 \| 10 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Guelph ON \| W \| 131.91 \| 13 \| \| Well ID: 7231334 \| lot 11 con 7 ON \| WNW \| 136.88 \| 14 \| \|-----------------\|-----------------\|-----\|--------\|----\| \| Well ID: 6702484 \| GUELPH ON \| E \| 147.21 \| 15 \| \| Well ID: 7264057 \| GUELPH ON \| E \| 147.21 \| 15 \| \| Well ID: 7264056 \| GUELPH ON \| WSW \| 162.03 \| 16 \| \| Well ID: 7157283 \| lot 11 con 7 GUELPH ON \| WSW \| 167.13 \| 17 \| \| Well ID: 7232850 \| lot 11 con 8 Guelph ON \| NNW \| 192.80 \| 19 \| \| Well ID: 7118150 \| Guelph ON \| SW \| 210.13 \| 22 \| \| Well ID: 7231333 \| lot 12 con 8 ON \| ESE \| 221.35 \| 23 \| \| Well ID: 6702639 \| Guelph ON \| NW \| 232.69 \| 25 \| \| Well ID: 7285955 \| GUELPH ON \| NW \| 239.57 \| 27 \| \| Well ID: 7150520 \| lot 1 con 7 ON \| ESE \| 247.18 \| 28 \| \| Well ID: 6710049 \| \| \| \| \| Map: 0.25 Kilometer Radius Order No: 20190109082 Address: 1871 Gordon St, Guelph, ON, N1L 1G7 - Project Property - Buffer Outline - Eris Sites with Higher Elevation - Eris Sites with Same Elevation - Eris Sites with Lower Elevation - Eris Sites with Unknown Elevation - Expressway - Industrial and Resource - Regions - National Park - Provincial or Territorial Park - Other Park - Golf Course or Driving Range - Park or Sports Field - Other Recreation Area - Principal Highway - Main Line - Sidetrack - Secondary Highway - Transit Line - Major Road - Local road - Abandoned Line - Trail - Proposed Road - Ferry Route/Ice Road Source: © 2015 DMTI Spatial Inc. © ERIS Information Limited Partnership Aerial (2017) Address: 1871 Gordon St, Guelph, ON, N1L 1G7 Source: ESRI World Imagery Order No: 20190109082 Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community © ERIS Information Limited Partnership Topographic Map Address: 1871 Gordon St, Guelph, ON, N1L 1G7 Source: ESRI World Topographic Map Sources: Esri, HERE, Garmin, Intermap, increment P Corp., GEBCO, USGS, FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), swisstopo, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community Order No: 20190109082 © ERIS Information Limited Partnership \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| 1 \| 1 of 1 \| SSW/15.2 \| 352.8 / 1.74 \| 1879 GORDON ST, GUELPH ON N1L 1G7 \| INC \| Incident No: 243962 Incident ID: 2395306 Attribute Category: FS-Incident Status Code: Causal Analysis Complete Incident Location: 1879 GORDON ST, GUELPH - 1-1/4" PIPELINE HIT Drainage System: Sub Surface Contam.: Aft. Prop. Use Water: Contam. Migrated: Contact Natural Env.: Near Body of Water: Approx. Quant. Rel.: Equipment Model: Serial No: Residential App. Type: Commercial App. Type: Industrial App. Type: Institutional App. Type: Venting Type: Vent Connector Mater: Vent Chimney Mater: Pipeline Type: Main Distribution Pipeline Pipeline Involved: Pipe Material: Plastic Depth Ground Cover: 11" Regulator Location: Outside Regulator Type: Service Regulator (up to 60 psi intake) Operation Pressure: 50# Liquid Prop Make: Liquid Prop Model: Liquid Prop Serial No: Equipment Type: Cylinder Capacity: Cylinder Capac. Units: Cylinder Material Type: Tank Capacity: Fuels Occurence Type: Fuel Type Involved: Date of Occurence: Time of Occurence: Occur Insp Start Date: Any Health Impact: Any Environmental Impact: Was Service Interrupted: Was Property Damaged: Operation Type Involved: Enforcement Policy: Prc Escalation Required: Task No: Notes: Occurence Narrative: Tank Material Type: Tank Storage Type: \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| \| 2 \| NW/30.5 \| 350.9 / -0.21\| lot 11 con 7 ON \| WWIS \| Well ID: 6702486 Data Entry Status: 1 Data Src: 1 Date Received: 12/30/1957 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Contractor: 2414 Form Version: 1 Owner: Street Name: County: WELLINGTON Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP Site Info: Lot: 011 Concession: 07 Concession Name: CON Easting NAD83: Northing NAD83: Zone: UTM Reliability: Bore Hole Information Bore Hole ID: 10466629 Elevation: 349.3 DP2BR: 109 Elevrc: Spatial Status: Zone: 17 Code OB: r East83: 565720.3 Code OB Desc: Bedrock Org CS: Open Hole: North83: 4816503 Cluster Kind: UTMRC: 9 Date Completed: 05-NOV-57 UTMRC Desc: unknown UTM Remarks: Location Method: p9 Elevrc Desc: Location Source Date: Improvement Location Source: Improvement Location Method: Source Revision Comment: Supplier Comment: Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval Formation ID: 932614009 Layer: 2 Color: General Color: Mat1: 11 Most Common Material: GRAVEL Mat2: 09 Other Materials: MEDIUM SAND Mat3: Other Materials: Formation Top Depth: 30 Formation End Depth: 55 \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation ID: \| 932614008 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 05 \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| CLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| 11 \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| GRAVEL \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 30 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation ID: \| 932614014 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 7 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| 6 \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| BROWN \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 15 \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| LIMESTONE \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 109 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 170 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation ID: \| 932614010 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 3 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| GREY \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 05 \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| CLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| 09 \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| MEDIUM SAND \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 55 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 73 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation ID: \| 932614011 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 4 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 11 \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| GRAVEL \| \| \| \| \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\| \| Mat2: \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 73 \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 75 \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 932614012 \| \| Layer: \| 5 \| \| Color: \| 2 \| \| General Color: \| GREY \| \| Mat1: \| 05 \| \| Most Common Material: \| CLAY \| \| Mat2: \| 09 \| \| Other Materials: \| MEDIUM SAND \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 75 \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 106 \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 932614013 \| \| Layer: \| 6 \| \| Color: \| \| \| General Color: \| \| \| Mat1: \| 10 \| \| Most Common Material: \| COARSE SAND \| \| Mat2: \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 106 \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 109 \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| Method of Construction & Well Use \| Method Construction ID: \| 966702486 \| \| Method Construction Code: \| 1 \| \| Method Construction: \| Cable Tool \| \| Other Method Construction: \| \| Pipe Information \| Pipe ID: \| 11015199 \| \| Casing No: \| 1 \| \| Comment: \| \| \| Alt Name: \| \| Construction Record - Casing \| Casing ID: \| 930758868 \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| Material: \| 1 \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|-----------------------\|----\| \| Open Hole or Material: \| STEEL \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth From: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth To: \| 113 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter: \| 4 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| Construction Record - Casing \| Casing ID: \| 930758869 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| \| Material: \| 4 \| \| \| \| \| \| Open Hole or Material: \| OPEN HOLE \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth From: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth To: \| 170 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter: \| 4 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| Results of Well Yield Testing \| Pump Test ID: \| 996702486 \| \| \| \| \| \| Pump Set At: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Static Level: \| 60 \| \| \| \| \| \| Final Level After Pumping: \| 80 \| \| \| \| \| \| Recommended Pump Depth: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Rate: \| 6 \| \| \| \| \| \| Flowing Rate: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Recommended Pump Rate: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Levels UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Rate UOM: \| GPM \| \| \| \| \| \| Water State After Test Code: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Water State After Test: \| CLEAR \| \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Test Method: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Duration HR: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Duration MIN: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| Flowing: \| N \| \| \| \| \| Water Details \| Water ID: \| 933954820 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Kind Code: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Kind: \| FRESH \| \| \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth: \| 160 \| \| \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| --- Well ID: 6702483 Data Entry Status: 1 Data Src: 1 Date Received: 1/17/1951 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Contractor: 2414 Form Version: 1 Owner: Street Name: County: WELLINGTON Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP Site Info: \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|-------------------------------\|----\| \| Depth to Bedrock:\| \| \| \| Lot: 011 \| \| \| Well Depth: \| \| \| \| Concession: 07 \| \| \| Overburden/Bedrock: \| \| \| \| Concession Name: CON \| \| \| Pump Rate: \| \| \| \| Easting NAD83: \| \| \| Static Water Level: \| \| \| \| Northing NAD83: \| \| \| Flowing (Y/N): \| \| \| \| Zone: \| \| \| Flow Rate: \| \| \| \| UTM Reliability: \| \| Bore Hole Information - Bore Hole ID: 10466626 - DP2BR: 169 - Spatial Status: r - Code OB: Bedrock - Open Hole: - Cluster Kind: - Date Completed: 30-SEP-50 - Remarks: - Elevrc Desc: - Location Source Date: - Improvement Location Source: - Improvement Location Method: - Source Revision Comment: - Supplier Comment: Elevation: 355.5 Elelvr: Zone: 17 East83: 565755.3 Org CS: North83: 4816438 UTMRC: 9 UTMRC Desc: unknown UTM Location Method: p9 Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval - Formation ID: 932613996 - Layer: 5 - Color: - General Color: - Mat1: 09 - Most Common Material: MEDIUM SAND - Mat2: - Other Materials: - Mat3: - Other Materials: - Formation Top Depth: 129 - Formation End Depth: 169 - Formation End Depth UOM: ft Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval - Formation ID: 932613997 - Layer: 6 - Color: 6 - General Color: BROWN - Mat1: 15 - Most Common Material: LIMESTONE - Mat2: - Other Materials: - Mat3: - Other Materials: - Formation Top Depth: 169 - Formation End Depth: 201 - Formation End Depth UOM: ft \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| Materials Interval \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation ID: \| 932613992 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 12 \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| STONES \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| 05 \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| CLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 50 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation ID: \| 932613993 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 09 \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| MEDIUM SAND \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| 05 \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| CLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 50 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 98 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation ID: \| 932613995 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 4 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 09 \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| MEDIUM SAND \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| 05 \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| CLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 101 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 129 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation ID: \| 932613994 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 3 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 11 \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| GRAVEL \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|-------------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|------\| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 98 \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 101 \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM:\| ft \| \| \| \| Method of Construction & Well Use - Method Construction ID: 966702483 - Method Construction Code: 1 - Method Construction: Cable Tool - Other Method Construction: Pipe Information - Pipe ID: 11015196 - Casing No: 1 - Comment: - Alt Name: Construction Record - Casing - Casing ID: 930758861 - Layer: 1 - Material: 1 - Open Hole or Material: STEEL - Depth From: - Depth To: 129 - Casing Diameter: 6 - Casing Diameter UOM: inch - Casing Depth UOM: ft Construction Record - Casing - Casing ID: 930758863 - Layer: 3 - Material: 4 - Open Hole or Material: OPEN HOLE - Depth From: - Depth To: 201 - Casing Diameter: 6 - Casing Diameter UOM: inch - Casing Depth UOM: ft Construction Record - Casing - Casing ID: 930758862 - Layer: 2 - Material: - Open Hole or Material: - Depth From: - Depth To: 169 - Casing Diameter: 6 - Casing Diameter UOM: inch - Casing Depth UOM: ft Results of Well Yield Testing - Pump Test ID: 996702483 - Pump Set At: - Static Level: 84 - Final Level After Pumping: 114 \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|-----------------------\| \| Recommended Pump Depth: \| 155 \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Rate: \| 10 \| \| \| \| \| Flowing Rate: \| \| \| \| \| \| Recommended Pump Rate: \| 10 \| \| \| \| \| Levels UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| Rate UOM: \| GPM \| \| \| \| \| Water State After Test Code: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Water State After Test: \| CLEAR \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Test Method: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Duration HR: \| 5 \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Duration MIN: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| Flowing: \| N \| \| \| \| Water Details - Water ID: 933954817 - Layer: 1 - Kind Code: 1 - Kind: FRESH - Water Found Depth: 198 - Water Found Depth UOM: ft --- GUELPH ON - Well ID: 7157282 - Construction Date: - Primary Water Use: Monitoring - Sec. Water Use: - Final Well Status: Observation Wells - Water Type: - Casing Material: - Audit No: Z123639 - Tag: A110036 - Construction Method: - Elevation (m): - Elevation Reliability: - Depth to Bedrock: - Well Depth: - Overburden/Bedrock: - Pump Rate: - Static Water Level: - Flowing (Y/N): - Flow Rate: - Clear/Cloudy: Bore Hole Information - Bore Hole ID: 1003449518 - DP2BR: - Spatial Status: - Code OB: - Code OB Desc: - Open Hole: - Cluster Kind: - Date Completed: 26-NOV-10 - Remarks: - Elevrc Desc: - Location Source Date: - Improvement Location Source: - Improvement Location Method: - Source Revision Comment: - Supplier Comment: - Elevation: 355.6 - Elevrc: - Zone: 17 - East83: 565742 - Org CS: UTM83 - North83: 4816427 - UTMRC: 3 - UTMRC Desc: margin of error : 10 - 30 m - Location Method: wwr ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID \| 1003585028 \| \|--------------\|------------\| \| Layer \| 1 \| \| Color \| 6 \| \| General Color\| BROWN \| \| Mat1 \| 28 \| \| Most Common Material \| SAND \| \| Mat2 \| 31 \| \| Other Materials \| COARSE GRAVEL \| \| Mat3 \| \| \| Other Materials \| \| \| Formation Top Depth \| 0 \| \| Formation End Depth \| 85 \| \| Formation End Depth UOM \| ft \| ### Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record \| Plug ID \| 1003585030 \| \|-----------\|------------\| \| Layer \| 1 \| \| Plug From \| 85 \| \| Plug To \| 15 \| \| Plug Depth UOM \| ft \| ### Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record \| Plug ID \| 1003585031 \| \|-----------\|------------\| \| Layer \| 2 \| \| Plug From \| 15 \| \| Plug To \| 0 \| \| Plug Depth UOM \| ft \| ### Method of Construction & Well Use \| Method Construction ID \| 1003585036 \| \|------------------------\|------------\| \| Method Construction Code \| B \| \| Method Construction \| Other Method \| \| Other Method Construction \| AUGERS \| ### Pipe Information \| Pipe ID \| 1003585027 \| \|-----------\|------------\| \| Casing No \| 0 \| \| Comment \| \| \| Alt Name \| \| ### Construction Record - Casing \| Casing ID \| 1003585033 \| \|-------------\|------------\| \| Layer \| 1 \| \| Material \| 5 \| \| Open Hole or Material \| PLASTIC \| \| Depth From \| 0 \| \| Depth To \| 75 \| \| Casing Diameter \| 2 \| \| Casing Diameter UOM \| inch \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\| \| \| \| \| \| Guelph ON \| \| \| \| ESE/58.6 \| 351.6 / 0.54 \| WWIS \| Casing Depth UOM: ft Construction Record - Screen - Screen ID: 1003585034 - Layer: 1 - Slot: 10 - Screen Top Depth: 75 - Screen End Depth: 85 - Screen Material: 5 - Screen Depth UOM: ft - Screen Diameter UOM: inch - Screen Diameter: 2 Water Details - Water ID: 1003585032 - Layer: - Kind Code: - Kind: - Water Found Depth: - Water Found Depth UOM: ft Hole Diameter - Hole ID: 1003585029 - Diameter: - Depth From: - Depth To: - Hole Depth UOM: ft - Hole Diameter UOM: inch Well ID: 7210311 - Construction Date: - Primary Water Use: - Sec. Water Use: - Final Well Status: 0 - Water Type: - Casing Material: - Audit No: Z117874 - Tag: - Construction Method: - Elevation (m): - Elevation Reliability: - Depth to Bedrock: - Well Depth: - Overburden/Bedrock: - Pump Rate: - Static Water Level: - Flowing (Y/N): - Flow Rate: - Clear/Cloudy: Bore Hole Information - Bore Hole ID: 1004617035 - DP2BR: - Spatial Status: - Code OB: - Elevation: - Eleivr: - Zone: - East83: \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|-----------------------\|----\| \| Code OB Desc: \| \| \| \| Org CS: \| UTM83 \| \| Open Hole: \| \| \| \| North83: \| \| \| Cluster Kind: \| \| \| \| UTMRC: \| 9 \| \| Date Completed: \| \| \| \| UTMRC Desc: \| unknown UTM \| \| Remarks: \| \| \| \| Location Method: \| wwr \| \| Elevrc Desc: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Location Source Date: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Improvement Location Source: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Improvement Location Method: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Source Revision Comment: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Supplier Comment: \| \| \| \| \| \| Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record - Plug ID: 1004660275 - Layer: 1 - Plug From: 0 - Plug To: 31 - Plug Depth UOM: m Method of Construction & Well Use - Method Construction ID: 1004660274 - Method Construction Code: - Method Construction: - Other Method Construction: Pipe Information - Pipe ID: 1004660268 - Casing No: 0 - Comment: - Alt Name: Construction Record - Casing - Casing ID: 1004660272 - Layer: 1 - Material: - Open Hole or Material: - Depth From: - Depth To: - Casing Diameter: 150 - Casing Diameter UOM: cm - Casing Depth UOM: m Construction Record - Screen - Screen ID: 1004660273 - Layer: - Slot: - Screen Top Depth: - Screen End Depth: - Screen Material: - Screen Depth UOM: m - Screen Diameter UOM: cm - Screen Diameter: \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\| \| \| \| \| \| Guelph ON \| \| \| \| SE/83.4 \| 353.8 / 2.72 \| WWIS \| Water ID: 1004660271 Layer: Kind Code: Kind: Water Found Depth: Water Found Depth UOM: m Hole Diameter Hole ID: 1004660270 Diameter: Depth From: Depth To: Hole Depth UOM: m Hole Diameter UOM: cm Well ID: 7219270 Construction Date: Primary Water Use: Sec. Water Use: Final Well Status: 0 Water Type: Casing Material: Audit No.: Z117873 Tag: Construction Method: Elevation (m): Elevation Reliability: Depth to Bedrock: Well Depth: Overburden/Bedrock: Pump Rate: Static Water Level: Flowing (Y/N): Flow Rate: Clear/Cloudy: Data Entry Status: - Data Src: - Date Received: 4/17/2014 - Selected Flag: Yes - Abandonment Rec: Yes - Contractor: 6875 - Form Version: 7 - Owner: - Street Name: 1897 GORDON ST. - County: WELLINGTON - Municipality: GUELPH CITY - Site Info: - Lot: - Concession: - Concession Name: - Easting NAD83: - Northing NAD83: - Zone: - UTM Reliability: Bore Hole Information Bore Hole ID: 1004731907 Elevation: 355.3 DP2BR: Spatial Status: Code OB: Code OB Desc: Open Hole: Cluster Kind: Date Completed: Remarks: Elevrc Desc: Location Source Date: Improvement Location Source: Improvement Location Method: Source Revision Comment: Supplier Comment: Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record Elevrc: Zone: 17 East83: 565796 Org CS: UTM83 North83: 4816418 UTMRC: 3 UTMRC Desc: margin of error : 10 - 30 m Location Method: wwr \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|------\| \| Plug ID: \| 1005133863 \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Plug From: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| Plug To: \| 26.3 \| \| \| \| \| Plug Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| Method of Construction & Well Use - Method Construction ID: 1005133862 - Method Construction Code: - Method Construction: - Other Method Construction: Pipe Information - Pipe ID: 1005133856 - Casing No: 0 - Comment: - Alt Name: Construction Record - Casing - Casing ID: 1005133860 - Layer: 1 - Material: - Open Hole or Material: - Depth From: - Depth To: - Casing Diameter: 50 - Casing Diameter UOM: mm - Casing Depth UOM: ft Construction Record - Screen - Screen ID: 1005133861 - Layer: - Slot: - Screen Top Depth: - Screen End Depth: - Screen Material: - Screen Depth UOM: ft - Screen Diameter UOM: inch - Screen Diameter: Water Details - Water ID: 1005133859 - Layer: - Kind Code: - Kind: - Water Found Depth: - Water Found Depth UOM: ft Hole Diameter - Hole ID: 1005133858 - Diameter: - Depth From: - Depth To: - Hole Depth UOM: ft \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| 7 \| 1 of 1 \| W/83.6 \| 347.2 / -3.88\| lot 11 con 7 ON \| WWIS \| Well ID: 6702485 Construction Date: Primary Water Use: Domestic Sec. Water Use: 0 Final Well Status: Water Supply Water Type: Casing Material: Audit No.: Tag: Construction Method: Elevation (m): Elevation Reliability: Depth to Bedrock: Well Depth: Overburden/Bedrock: Pump Rate: Static Water Level: Flowing (Y/N): Flow Rate: Clear/Cloudy: Data Entry Status: Data Src: 1 Date Received: 1/23/1956 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Contractor: 2414 Form Version: 1 Owner: Street Name: County: WELLINGTON Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP Site Info: Lot: 011 Concession: 07 Concession Name: CON Eastling NAD83: Northing NAD83: Zone: UTM Reliability: Bore Hole Information Bore Hole ID: 10466628 DP2BR: 117 Spatial Status: Code OB: r Code OB Desc: Bedrock Open Hole: Cluster Kind: Date Completed: 06-AUG-55 Remarks: Elevrc Desc: Location Source Date: Improvement Location Source: Improvement Location Method: Source Revision Comment: Supplier Comment: Elevation: 346.2 Elevrc: Zone: 17 East83: 565655.3 Org CS: North83: 4816476 UTMRC: 9 UTMRC Desc: unknown UTM Location Method: p9 Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval Formation ID: 932614002 Layer: 1 Color: General Color: Mat1: 12 Most Common Material: STONES Mat2: 05 Other Materials: CLAY Mat3: 11 Other Materials: GRAVEL Formation Top Depth: 0 Formation End Depth: 60 Formation End Depth UOM: ft Overburden and Bedrock \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| Materials Interval \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation ID: \| 932614007 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 6 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| 3 \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| BLUE \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 15 \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| LIMESTONE \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 160 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 180 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation ID: \| 932614005 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 4 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 09 \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| MEDIUM SAND \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| 05 \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| CLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 95 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 117 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation ID: \| 932614006 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 5 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| 6 \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| BROWN \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 15 \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| LIMESTONE \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 117 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 160 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation ID: \| 932614004 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 3 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 11 \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| GRAVEL \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|-------------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|------\|----\| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 90 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 95 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM:\| ft \| \| \| \| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 932614003 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 11 \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| GRAVEL \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| 05 \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| CLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 60 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 90 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM:\| ft \| \| \| \| \| Method of Construction & Well Use \| Method Construction ID: \| 966702485 \| \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction Code:\| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction: \| Cable Tool \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Method Construction:\| \| \| \| \| \| Pipe Information \| Pipe ID: \| 11015198 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing No: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Comment: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Alt Name: \| \| \| \| \| \| Construction Record - Casing \| Casing ID: \| 930758867 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| \| Material: \| 4 \| \| \| \| \| \| Open Hole or Material: \| OPEN HOLE \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth From: \| 180 \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth To: \| 118 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter: \| 4 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| Results of Well Yield Testing \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|-----------------------\|----\| \| Pump Test ID: \| 996702485 \| \| \| \| \| \| Pump Set At: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Static Level: \| 64 \| \| \| \| \| \| Final Level After Pumping: \| 88 \| \| \| \| \| \| Recommended Pump Depth: \| 5 \| \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Rate: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Flowing Rate: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Recommended Pump Rate: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Levels UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Rate UOM: \| GPM \| \| \| \| \| \| Water State After Test Code: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Water State After Test: \| CLEAR \| \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Test Method: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Duration HR: \| 3 \| \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Duration MIN: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| Flowing: \| N \| \| \| \| \| Water Details - Water ID: 933954819 - Layer: 1 - Kind Code: 1 - Kind: FRESH - Water Found Depth: 160 - Water Found Depth UOM: ft --- Well Details - Well ID: 6707721 - Construction Date: - Primary Water Use: Domestic - Sec. Water Use: 0 - Final Well Status: Water Supply - Water Type: - Casing Material: - Audit No: - Tag: - Construction Method: - Elevation (m): - Elevation Reliability: - Depth to Bedrock: - Well Depth: - Overburden/Bedrock: - Pump Rate: - Static Water Level: - Flowing (Y/N): - Flow Rate: - Clear/Cloudy: Data Entry Status: - Data Src: 1 - Date Received: 12/22/1982 - Selected Flag: Yes - Abandonment Rec: - Contractor: 2336 - Form Version: 1 - Owner: - Street Name: - County: WELLINGTON - Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP - Site Info: - Lot: 011 - Concession: 07 - Concession Name: CON - Easting NAD83: - Northing NAD83: - Zone: - UTM Reliability: Bore Hole Information - Bore Hole ID: 10471744 - DP2BR: - Spatial Status: - Code OB: 0 - Code OB Desc: Overburden - Open Hole: - Cluster Kind: - Date Completed: 10-DEC-82 - Remarks: - Elevrc Desc: - Elevation: 355.63 - Elevrc: - Zone: 17 - East83: 565754.3 - Org CS: - North83: 4816383 - UTMRC: 4 - UTMRC Desc: margin of error : 30 m - 100 m - Location Method: p4 \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Location Source Date: Improvement Location Source: Improvement Location Method: Source Revision Comment: Supplier Comment: ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 932636740 \| \|---------------\|-----------\| \| Layer: \| 6 \| \| Color: \| 6 \| \| General Color:\| BROWN \| \| Mat1: \| 12 \| \| Most Common Material: \| STONES \| \| Mat2: \| 65 \| \| Other Materials: \| DARK-COLOURED \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 160 \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 185 \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 932636736 \| \|---------------\|-----------\| \| Layer: \| 2 \| \| Color: \| 6 \| \| General Color:\| BROWN \| \| Mat1: \| 28 \| \| Most Common Material: \| SAND \| \| Mat2: \| 05 \| \| Other Materials: \| CLAY \| \| Mat3: \| 11 \| \| Other Materials: \| GRAVEL \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 30 \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 55 \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 932636735 \| \|---------------\|-----------\| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| Color: \| 6 \| \| General Color:\| BROWN \| \| Mat1: \| 05 \| \| Most Common Material: \| CLAY \| \| Mat2: \| 28 \| \| Other Materials: \| SAND \| \| Mat3: \| 12 \| \| Other Materials: \| STONES \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 0 \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 30 \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 932636737 \| \|---------------\|-----------\| \| Layer: \| 3 \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\| \| \| \| \| \| DB \| Color: - General Color: 14 - Mat1: HARDPAN - Mat2: 28 - Other Materials: SAND - Mat3: 11 - Other Materials: GRAVEL - Formation Top Depth: 55 - Formation End Depth: 60 - Formation End Depth UOM: ft Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID \| Layer \| Color \| General Color \| Mat1 \| Most Common Material \| Mat2 \| Other Materials \| Mat3 \| Other Materials \| Formation Top Depth \| Formation End Depth \| Formation End Depth UOM \| \|--------------\|-------\|-------\|---------------\|------\|----------------------\|------\|-----------------\|------\|-----------------\|---------------------\|---------------------\|------------------------\| \| 932636739 \| 5 \| 6 \| BROWN \| 12 \| STONES \| 75 \| LIGHT-COLOURED \| \| \| 145 \| 160 \| ft \| \| 932636741 \| 7 \| 2 \| GREY \| 12 \| STONES \| 75 \| LIGHT-COLOURED \| \| \| 185 \| 227 \| ft \| \| 932636738 \| 4 \| 6 \| BROWN \| 05 \| CLAY \| 28 \| SAND \| 11 \| GRAVEL \| 60 \| 145 \| ft \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Method of Construction & Well Use - Method Construction ID: 966707721 - Method Construction Code: 4 - Method Construction: Rotary (Air) - Other Method Construction: Pipe Information - Pipe ID: 11020314 - Casing No: 1 - Comment: - Alt Name: Construction Record - Casing - Casing ID: 930767697 - Layer: 1 - Material: 1 - Open Hole or Material: STEEL - Depth From: - Depth To: 145 - Casing Diameter: 5 - Casing Diameter UOM: inch - Casing Depth UOM: ft Construction Record - Casing - Casing ID: 930767698 - Layer: 2 - Material: 4 - Open Hole or Material: OPEN HOLE - Depth From: - Depth To: 227 - Casing Diameter: 5 - Casing Diameter UOM: inch - Casing Depth UOM: ft Results of Well Yield Testing - Pump Test ID: 996707721 - Pump Set At: - Static Level: 75 - Final Level After Pumping: 115 - Recommended Pump Depth: 130 - Pumping Rate: 10 - Flowing Rate: - Recommended Pump Rate: 10 - Levels UOM: ft - Rate UOM: GPM - Water State After Test Code: 1 - Water State After Test: CLEAR - Pumping Test Method: 1 - Pumping Duration HR: 1 - Pumping Duration MIN: 0 - Flowing: N Draw Down & Recovery - Pump Test Detail ID: 935134267 \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\| \| \| \| \| \| \| Test Details - Test Type: Recovery - Test Duration: 60 - Test Level: 75 - Test Level UOM: ft Water Details - Water ID: 933960939 - Layer: 1 - Kind Code: 1 - Kind: FRESH - Water Found Depth: 227 - Water Found Depth UOM: ft --- GUELPH ON - Well ID: 7264054 - Construction Date: - Primary Water Use: Monitoring - Sec. Water Use: - Final Well Status: Observation Wells - Water Type: - Casing Material: - Audit No: Z229318 - Tag: A190368 - Construction Method: - Elevation (m): - Elevation Reliability: - Depth to Bedrock: - Well Depth: - Overburden/Bedrock: - Pump Rate: - Static Water Level: - Flowing (Y/N): - Flow Rate: - Clear/Cloudy: Bore Hole Information - Bore Hole ID: 1006029443 - DP2BR: - Spatial Status: - Code OB: - Code OB Desc: - Open Hole: - Cluster Kind: - Date Completed: 05-APR-16 - Remarks: - Elevrc Desc: - Location Source Date: - Improvement Location Source: - Improvement Location Method: - Source Revision Comment: - Supplier Comment: Elevation: - Elevrc: - Zone: 17 - East83: 565843 - Org CS: UTM83 - North83: 4816473 - UTMRC: 4 - UTMRC Desc: margin of error : 30 m - 100 m - Location Method: wwr Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval - Formation ID: 1006083145 - Layer: 1 - Color: \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|-------------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|------\|----\| \| General Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 02 \| TOPSOIL \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 1.5 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM:\| ft \| \| \| \| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 1006083146 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 28 \| SAND \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| 11 \| GRAVEL \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| 06 \| SILT \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 1.5 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 13 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM:\| ft \| \| \| \| \| Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record \| Plug ID: \| 1006083153 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug From: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug To: \| 7 \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| Method of Construction & Well Use \| Method Construction ID: \| 1006083152 \| \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction Code:\| E \| \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction: \| Auger \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Method Construction:\| \| \| \| \| \| Pipe Information \| Pipe ID: \| 1006083144 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing No: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| Comment: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Alt Name: \| \| \| \| \| \| Construction Record - Casing \| Casing ID: \| 1006083149 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Material: \| 5 \| PLASTIC \| \| \| \| \| Open Hole or Material: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth From: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth To: \| 8 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| \| \| \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|------------\|----\| \| Casing Depth UOM:\| ft \| \| \| \| \| Construction Record - Screen - Screen ID: 1006083150 - Layer: 1 - Slot: 10 - Screen Top Depth: 8 - Screen End Depth: 13 - Screen Material: 5 - Screen Depth UOM: ft - Screen Diameter UOM: inch - Screen Diameter: 2.5 Water Details - Water ID: 1006083148 - Layer: - Kind Code: - Kind: - Water Found Depth: - Water Found Depth UOM: ft Hole Diameter - Hole ID: 1006083147 - Diameter: 8 - Depth From: 0 - Depth To: 13 - Hole Depth UOM: ft - Hole Diameter UOM: inch --- GUELPH ON - Well ID: 7264055 - Construction Date: - Primary Water Use: Monitoring - Sec. Water Use: - Final Well Status: Observation Wells - Water Type: - Casing Material: - Audit No: Z229317 - Tag: A190366 - Construction Method: - Elevation (m): - Elevation Reliability: - Depth to Bedrock: - Well Depth: - Overburden/Bedrock: - Pump Rate: - Static Water Level: - Flowing (Y/N): - Flow Rate: - Clear/Cloudy: Bore Hole Information - Bore Hole ID: 1006029446 - DP2BR: - Spatial Status: - Code OB: - Elevation: 349.56 - Elevrc: - Zone: 17 - East83: 565847 --- Data Entry Status: - Data Src: - Date Received: 5/31/2016 - Selected Flag: Yes - Abandonment Rec: - Contractor: 7238 - Form Version: 7 - Owner: - Street Name: 1888 GORDON STREET - County: WELLINGTON - Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP - Site Info: - Lot: - Concession: - Concession Name: - Easting NAD83: - Northing NAD83: - Zone: - UTM Reliability: \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|-------------------------------\|----\| \| Code OB Desc: \| \| \| \| Org CS: \| \| \| Open Hole: \| \| \| \| North83: \| \| \| Cluster Kind: \| \| \| \| UTMRC: \| \| \| Date Completed: \| 05-APR-16 \| \| \| UTMRC Desc: \| \| \| Remarks: \| \| \| \| Location Method: \| \| \| Elevrc Desc: \| \| \| \| margin of error : 30 m - 100 m\| \| \| Location Source Date: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Improvement Location Source: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Improvement Location Method: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Source Revision Comment: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Supplier Comment: \| \| \| \| \| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 1006083158 \| Layer: 3 \| Color: \| General Color: \| \| \|-----------------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|---------------\|-------------------------------\|----\| \| Mat1: \| 28 \| Most Common Material: \| SAND \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| 11 \| Other Materials: \| GRAVEL \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 20 \| Formation End Depth: \| 27 \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 1006083157 \| Layer: 2 \| Color: \| General Color: \| \| \|-----------------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|---------------\|-------------------------------\|----\| \| Mat1: \| 28 \| Most Common Material: \| SAND \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| 11 \| Other Materials: \| GRAVEL \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| 06 \| Other Materials: \| SILT \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 1.5 \| Formation End Depth: \| 20 \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 1006083156 \| Layer: 1 \| Color: \| General Color: \| \| \|-----------------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|---------------\|-------------------------------\|----\| \| Mat1: \| 02 \| Most Common Material: \| TOPSOIL \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 0 \| Formation End Depth: \| 1.5 \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|-------------------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|------\|----\| \| Annular Space/Abandonment\| \| \| \| \| \| \| Sealing Record \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug ID: \| 1006083165 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug From: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug To: \| 19 \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Method of Construction & Well Use \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction ID: \| 1006083164 \| \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction Code: \| E \| \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction: \| Auger \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Method Construction: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Pipe Information \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Pipe ID: \| 1006083155 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing No: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| Comment: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Alt Name: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Construction Record - Casing \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing ID: \| 1006083161 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Material: \| 5 \| \| \| \| \| \| Open Hole or Material: \| PLASTIC \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth From: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth To: \| 20 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Construction Record - Screen \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Screen ID: \| 1006083162 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Slot: \| 10 \| \| \| \| \| \| Screen Top Depth: \| 20 \| \| \| \| \| \| Screen End Depth: \| 25 \| \| \| \| \| \| Screen Material: \| 5 \| \| \| \| \| \| Screen Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Screen Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| \| \| \| \| Screen Diameter: \| 2.5 \| \| \| \| \| \| Water Details \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Water ID: \| 1006083160 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Kind Code: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Kind: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Hole Diameter \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Hole ID: \| 1006083159 \| \| \| \| \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\| \| \| \| S/112.8 \| 354.9 / 3.79 \| GUELPH ON \| Well ID: 7157284 Construction Date: Primary Water Use: Monitoring Sec. Water Use: Final Well Status: Observation Wells Water Type: Casing Material: Audit No: Z123638 Tag: A110037 Construction Method: Elevation (m): Elevation Reliability: Depth to Bedrock: Well Depth: Overburden/Bedrock: Pump Rate: Static Water Level: Flowing (Y/N): Flow Rate: Clear/Cloudy: Data Entry Status: Data Src: Date Received: 1/7/2011 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Contractor: 7238 Form Version: 7 Owner: Street Name: 1897 GORDON ST. County: WELLINGTON Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP Site Info: Lot: Concession: Concession Name: Eastling NAD83: Northing NAD83: Zone: UTM Reliability: Bore Hole Information Bore Hole ID: 1003449522 DP2BR: Spatial Status: Code OB: Code OB Desc: Open Hole: Cluster Kind: Date Completed: 02-DEC-10 Remarks: Elevrc Desc: Location Source Date: Improvement Location Source: Improvement Location Method: Source Revision Comment: Supplier Comment: Elevation: 355.4 Elevrc: Zone: 17 East83: 565754 Org CS: UTM83 North83: 4816367 UTMRC: 3 UTMRC Desc: margin of error : 10 - 30 m Location Method: wwr Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval Formation ID: 1003585049 Layer: 1 Color: 6 General Color: BROWN Mat1: 28 Most Common Material: SAND Mat2: 31 Other Materials: COARSE GRAVEL Mat3: Other Materials: Formation Top Depth: 0 Formation End Depth: 88 \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|-------------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|------\|----\| \| Formation End Depth UOM:\| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug ID: \| 1003585051 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug From: \| 88 \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug To: \| 18 \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug ID: \| 1003585052 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug From: \| 15 \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug To: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Method of Construction & Well Use \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction ID: \| 1003585057 \| \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction Code: \| B \| \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction: \| Other Method \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Method Construction: \| AUGERS \| \| \| \| \| \| Pipe Information \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Pipe ID: \| 1003585048 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing No: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| Comment: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Alt Name: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Construction Record - Casing \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing ID: \| 1003585054 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Material: \| 5 \| \| \| \| \| \| Open Hole or Material: \| PLASTIC \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth From: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth To: \| 78 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Construction Record - Screen \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Screen ID: \| 1003585055 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Slot: \| 10 \| \| \| \| \| \| Screen Top Depth: \| 78 \| \| \| \| \| \| Screen End Depth: \| 88 \| \| \| \| \| \| Screen Material: \| 5 \| \| \| \| \| \| Screen Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Screen Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| \| \| \| \| Screen Diameter: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| Water Details \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\| \| \| \| \| \| 1897 Grdon Street Guelph ON \| \| \| \| \| \| EHS \| Order No: 20130423019 Status: C Report Type: Custom Report Report Date: 25-APR-13 Date Received: 23-APR-13 Previous Site Name: Lot/Building Size: 5.97 Hectares Additional Info Ordered: --- \| Well ID: \| 7231334 \| \|----------\|---------\| \| Data Entry Status: \| \| Data Src: \| \| Date Received: \| 11/10/2014 \| \| Selected Flag: \| Yes \| \| Abandonment Rec: \| \| Contractor: \| 7238 \| \| Form Version: \| 7 \| \| Owner: \| \| Street Name: \| 1897 GORDON STREET \| \| County: \| WELLINGTON \| \| Municipality: \| PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP \| \| Site Info: \| \| Lot: \| \| Concession: \| \| Concession Name: \| \| Eastling NAD83: \| \| Northing NAD83: \| \| Zone: \| \| UTM Reliability: \| Bore Hole Information \| Bore Hole ID: \| 1005211870 \| \|---------------\|------------\| \| Elevation: \| 341.83 \| \| Elevrc: \| 17 \| \| Zone: \| \| East83: \| 565607 \| \| Org CS: \| UTM83 \| \| North83: \| 4816474 \| \| UTMRC: \| 4 \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| Date Completed: \| 03-OCT-14 \| \| \| UTMRC Desc: \| margin of error : 30 m - 100 m \| \| Remarks: \| \| \| \| Location Method: \| wwr \| \| Elevr Desc: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Location Source Date: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Improvement Location Source: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Improvement Location Method: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Source Revision Comment: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Supplier Comment: \| \| \| \| \| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 1005286224 \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| Color: \| 6 \| \| General Color: \| BROWN \| \| Mat1: \| 28 \| \| Most Common Material: \| SAND \| \| Mat2: \| 11 \| \| Other Materials: \| GRAVEL \| \| Mat3: \| 77 \| \| Other Materials: \| LOOSE \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 0 \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 40 \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 1005286225 \| \| Layer: \| 2 \| \| Color: \| 6 \| \| General Color: \| BROWN \| \| Mat1: \| 28 \| \| Most Common Material: \| SAND \| \| Mat2: \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| Mat3: \| 77 \| \| Other Materials: \| LOOSE \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 40 \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 45 \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record \| Plug ID: \| 1005286232 \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| Plug From: \| 0 \| \| Plug To: \| 33 \| \| Plug Depth UOM: \| ft \| Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record \| Plug ID: \| 1005286233 \| \| Layer: \| 2 \| \| Plug From: \| 33 \| \| Plug To: \| 45 \| \| Plug Depth UOM: \| ft \| Method of Construction & Well \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Use - Method Construction ID: 1005286231 - Method Construction Code: B - Method Construction: Other Method - Other Method Construction: Pipe Information - Pipe ID: 1005286223 - Casing No: 0 - Comment: - Alt Name: Construction Record - Casing - Casing ID: 1005286228 - Layer: 1 - Material: 5 - Open Hole or Material: PLASTIC - Depth From: 0 - Depth To: 35 - Casing Diameter: 2 - Casing Diameter UOM: inch - Casing Depth UOM: ft Construction Record - Screen - Screen ID: 1005286229 - Layer: 1 - Slot: 10 - Screen Top Depth: 35 - Screen End Depth: 45 - Screen Material: 5 - Screen Depth UOM: ft - Screen Diameter UOM: inch - Screen Diameter: 2.5 Water Details - Water ID: 1005286227 - Layer: 1 - Kind Code: - Kind: - Water Found Depth: 40 - Water Found Depth UOM: ft Hole Diameter - Hole ID: 1005286226 - Diameter: 8 - Depth From: 0 - Depth To: 45 - Hole Depth UOM: ft - Hole Diameter UOM: inch --- 14 1 of 1 WNW/136.9 343.5 / -7.62 lot 11 con 7 ON WWIS Well ID: 6702484 Data Entry Status: Data Src: 1 Order No: 20190109082 \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|----------------------------------------------------------------------\|----\| \| Primary Water Use: \| Domestic \| \| \| Date Received: 1/31/1955 \| \| \| Sec. Water Use: \| 0 \| \| \| Selected Flag: Yes \| \| \| Final Well Status: \| Water Supply \| \| \| Abandonment Rec: \| \| \| Water Type: \| \| \| \| Contractor: 2414 \| \| \| Casing Material: \| \| \| \| Form Version: 1 \| \| \| Audit No: \| \| \| \| Owner: \| \| \| Tag: \| \| \| \| Street Name: \| \| \| Construction Method: \| \| \| \| County: WELLINGTON \| \| \| Elevation (m): \| \| \| \| Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP \| \| \| Elevation Reliability: \| \| \| \| Site Info: \| \| \| Depth to Bedrock: \| \| \| \| Lot: 011 \| \| \| Well Depth: \| \| \| \| Concession: 07 \| \| \| Overburden/Bedrock: \| \| \| \| Concession Name: CON \| \| \| Pump Rate: \| \| \| \| Easting NAD83: \| \| \| Static Water Level: \| \| \| \| Northing NAD83: \| \| \| Flowing (Y/N): \| \| \| \| Zone: \| \| \| Flow Rate: \| \| \| \| UTM Reliability: \| \| \| Clear/Cloudy: \| \| \| \| \| \| Bore Hole Information - Bore Hole ID: 10466627 - DP2BR: 93 - Spatial Status: r - Code OB: Bedrock - Open Hole: - Cluster Kind: - Date Completed: 01-OCT-54 - Remarks: - Elevrc Desc: - Location Source Date: - Improvement Location Source: - Improvement Location Method: - Source Revision Comment: - Supplier Comment: Elevation: 340.3 - Elevrc: - Zone: 17 - East83: 565609.3 - Org CS: - North83: 4816523 - UTMRC: 5 - UTMRC Desc: margin of error : 100 m - 300 m - Location Method: p5 Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval - Formation ID: 932613999 - Layer: 2 - Color: - General Color: - Mat1: 09 - Most Common Material: MEDIUM SAND - Mat2: 05 - Other Materials: CLAY - Mat3: - Other Materials: - Formation Top Depth: 60 - Formation End Depth: 93 - Formation End Depth UOM: ft Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval - Formation ID: 932613998 - Layer: 1 - Color: - General Color: - Mat1: 12 - Most Common Material: STONES \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\| \| Mat2: \| \| 05 \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| CLAY \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 60 \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 932614000 \| \| Layer: \| 3 \| \| Color: \| 6 \| \| General Color: \| BROWN \| \| Mat1: \| 15 \| \| Most Common Material: \| LIMESTONE \| \| Mat2: \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 93 \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 130 \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 932614001 \| \| Layer: \| 4 \| \| Color: \| 3 \| \| General Color: \| BLUE \| \| Mat1: \| 15 \| \| Most Common Material: \| LIMESTONE \| \| Mat2: \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 130 \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 151 \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| Method of Construction & Well Use \| Method Construction ID: \| 966702484 \| \| Method Construction Code: \| 1 \| \| Method Construction: \| Cable Tool \| \| Other Method Construction: \| \| Pipe Information \| Pipe ID: \| 11015197 \| \| Casing No: \| 1 \| \| Comment: \| \| \| Alt Name: \| \| Construction Record - Casing \| Casing ID: \| 930758865 \| \| Layer: \| 2 \| \| Material: \| 1 \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\| \| Open Hole or Material: \| STEEL \| 151 \| ft \| GUELPH ON \| \| Depth From: \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth To: \| 96 \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter: \| 4 \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| \| \| \| Casing Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| Casing ID: \| 930758864 \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Material: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Open Hole or Material: \| STEEL \| \| \| \| \| Depth From: \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth To: \| 96 \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter: \| 4 \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| \| \| \| Casing Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| Pump Test ID: \| 996702484 \| \| \| \| \| Pump Set At: \| \| \| \| \| \| Static Level: \| 38 \| \| \| \| \| Final Level After Pumping: \| 48 \| \| \| \| \| Recommended Pump Depth: \| \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Rate: \| 8 \| \| \| \| \| Flowing Rate: \| \| \| \| \| \| Recommended Pump Rate: \| \| \| \| \| \| Levels UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| Rate UOM: \| GPM \| \| \| \| \| Water State After Test Code: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Water State After Test: \| CLEAR \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Test Method: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Duration HR: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Duration MIN: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| Flowing: \| N \| \| \| \| \| Water ID: \| 933954818 \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Kind Code: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Kind: \| FRESH \| \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth: \| 140 \| \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| Well ID: 7264056 Construction Date: Monitoring Primary Water Use: Observation Wells Sec. Water Use: Monitoring Final Well Status: Observation Wells Water Type: Casing Material: Audit No: Z229316 Tag: A190370 Construction Method: Elevation (m): Elevation Reliability: Data Entry Status: Data Src: Date Received: 5/31/2016 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Contractor: 7238 Form Version: 7 Owner: Street Name: 1888 GORDON STREET County: WELLINGTON Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP Site Info: \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|-------------------------------\|----\| \| Depth to Bedrock:\| \| \| \| Lot: \| \| \| Well Depth: \| \| \| \| Concession: \| \| \| Overburden/Bedrock: \| \| \| \| Concession Name: \| \| \| Pump Rate: \| \| \| \| Easting NAD83: \| \| \| Static Water Level: \| \| \| \| Northing NAD83: \| \| \| Flowing (Y/N): \| \| \| \| Zone: \| \| \| Flow Rate: \| \| \| \| UTM Reliability: \| \| \| Clear/Cloudy: \| \| \| \| \| \| Bore Hole Information - Bore Hole ID: 1006029449 - Elevation: 349.58 - DP2BR: - Spatial Status: - Code OB: - Code OB Desc: - Open Hole: - Cluster Kind: - Date Completed: 24-APR-16 - Remarks: - Elevrc Desc: - Location Source Date: - Improvement Location Source: - Improvement Location Method: - Source Revision Comment: - Supplier Comment: - Zone: 17 - East83: 565886 - Org CS: UTM83 - North83: 4816482 - UTMRC: 4 - UTMRC Desc: margin of error : 30 m - 100 m - Location Method: wwr Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval - Formation ID: 1006083178 - Layer: 2 - Color: - General Color: - Mat1: 06 - Most Common Material: SILT - Mat2: 28 - Other Materials: SAND - Mat3: 11 - Other Materials: GRAVEL - Formation Top Depth: 1.5 - Formation End Depth: 13 - Formation End Depth UOM: ft Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval - Formation ID: 1006083177 - Layer: 1 - Color: - General Color: - Mat1: 02 - Most Common Material: TOPSOIL - Mat2: - Other Materials: - Mat3: - Other Materials: - Formation Top Depth: 0 - Formation End Depth: 1.5 - Formation End Depth UOM: ft Annular Space/Abandonment \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|------\| \| Sealing Record \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug ID: \| 1006083185 \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Plug From: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| Plug To: \| 7 \| \| \| \| \| Plug Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| Method of Construction & Well Use \| \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction ID: \| 1006083184 \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction Code: \| E \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction: \| Auger \| \| \| \| \| Other Method Construction: \| \| \| \| \| \| Pipe Information \| \| \| \| \| \| Pipe ID: \| 1006083176 \| \| \| \| \| Casing No: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| Comment: \| \| \| \| \| \| Alt Name: \| \| \| \| \| \| Construction Record - Casing \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing ID: \| 1006083181 \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Material: \| 5 \| \| \| \| \| Open Hole or Material: \| PLASTIC \| \| \| \| \| Depth From: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| Depth To: \| 8 \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| \| \| \| Casing Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| Construction Record - Screen \| \| \| \| \| \| Screen ID: \| 1006083182 \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Slot: \| 10 \| \| \| \| \| Screen Top Depth: \| 8 \| \| \| \| \| Screen End Depth: \| 13 \| \| \| \| \| Screen Material: \| 5 \| \| \| \| \| Screen Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| Screen Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| \| \| \| Screen Diameter: \| 2.5 \| \| \| \| \| Water Details \| \| \| \| \| \| Water ID: \| 1006083180 \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| \| \| \| \| \| Kind Code: \| \| \| \| \| \| Kind: \| \| \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth: \| \| \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| Hole Diameter \| \| \| \| \| \| Hole ID: \| 1006083179 \| \| \| \| \| Diameter: \| 8 \| \| \| \| \| Depth From: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\| \| \| 15 \| E/147.2 \| 349.4 / -1.70\| GUELPH ON \| Well ID: 7264057 Data Entry Status: Data Src: Date Received: 5/31/2016 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Contractor: 7238 Form Version: 7 Owner: Street Name: 1888 GORDON STREET County: WELLINGTON Municipality: GUELPH CITY Site Info: Lot: Concession: Concession Name: Easting NAD83: Northing NAD83: Zone: UTM Reliability: Bore Hole Information Bore Hole ID: 1006029452 Elevation: 349.58 DP2BR: Spatial Status: Code OB: Code OB Desc: Open Hole: Cluster Kind: Date Completed: 04-APR-16 Remarks: margin of error: 30 m - 100 m Elevrc Desc: Location Source Date: Improvement Location Source: Improvement Location Method: Source Revision Comment: Supplier Comment: Location Method: digit Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval Formation ID: 1006083188 Layer: 2 Color: General Color: Mat1: 06 Most Common Material: SILT Mat2: 11 Other Materials: GRAVEL Mat3: Other Materials: Formation Top Depth: 1.5 Formation End Depth: 15 Formation End Depth UOM: ft \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|-------------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|------\|----\| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation ID: \| 1006083189 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 3 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 28 \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| SAND \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| 11 \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| GRAVEL \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 15 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 26 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM:\| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation ID: \| 1006083187 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| General Color: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat1: \| 02 \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| TOPSOIL \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 1.5 \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM:\| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug ID: \| 1006083196 \| \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug From: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug To: \| 20 \| \| \| \| \| \| Plug Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| \| Method of Construction & Well Use \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction ID: \| 1006083195 \| \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction Code:\| E \| \| \| \| \| \| Method Construction: \| Auger \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Method Construction: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Pipe Information \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Pipe ID: \| 1006083186 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing No: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| Comment: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Alt Name: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Construction Record - Casing \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing ID: \| 1006083192 \| \| \| \| \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Material: \| 5 \| \| \| \| \| Open Hole or Material: \| PLASTIC \| \| \| \| \| Depth From: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| Depth To: \| 21 \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| \| \| \| Casing Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| Construction Record - Screen \| Screen ID: \| 1006083193 \| Layer: \| 1 \| \|------------\|------------\|--------\|---\| \| Slot: \| 10 \| \| \| \| Screen Top Depth: \| 21 \| \| \| \| Screen End Depth: \| 26 \| \| \| \| Screen Material: \| 5 \| \| \| \| Screen Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| Screen Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| \| \| Screen Diameter: \| 2.5 \| \| \| Water Details \| Water ID: \| 1006083191 \| Layer: \| \| \|-----------\|------------\|--------\|---------\| \| Kind Code: \| \| \| \| \| Kind: \| \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth: \| \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| Hole Diameter \| Hole ID: \| 1006083190 \| Diameter: \| 8 \| \|----------\|------------\|-----------\|---\| \| Depth From: \| 0 \| Depth To: \| 26 \| \| Hole Depth UOM: \| ft \| Hole Diameter UOM: \| inch \| --- Well ID: 7157283 Construction Date: Monitoring Primary Water Use: Observation Wells Sec. Water Use: Final Well Status: Water Type: Casing Material: Audit No: Z123630 Tag: A110038 Construction Method: Elevation (m): Elevation Reliability: Depth to Bedrock: Well Depth: Overburden/Bedrock: Pump Rate: Static Water Level: Flowing (Y/N): Flow Rate: Clear/Cloudy: Data Entry Status: Data Src: Date Received: 1/7/2011 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Contractor: 7238 Form Version: 7 Owner: Street Name: 1897 GRODON ST. County: WELLINGTON Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP Site Info: Lot: Concession: Concession Name: Easting NAD83: Northing NAD83: Zone: UTM Reliability: ## Bore Hole Information \| Bore Hole ID: \| 1003449520 \| \|------------------------\|------------\| \| DP2BR: \| \| \| Spatial Status: \| \| \| Code OB: \| \| \| Code OB Desc: \| \| \| Open Hole: \| \| \| Cluster Kind: \| \| \| Date Completed: \| 03-DEC-10 \| \| Remarks: \| \| \| Elevrc Desc: \| \| \| Location Source Date: \| \| \| Improvement Location Source: \| \| \| Improvement Location Method: \| \| \| Source Revision Comment: \| \| \| Supplier Comment: \| \| ### Elevation: \| Elevrc: \| 342.21 \| \|-----------\|--------\| \| Zone: \| 17 \| \| East83: \| 565584 \| \| Org CS: \| UTM83 \| \| North83: \| 4816431\| \| UTMRC: \| 3 \| \| UTMRC Desc: \| margin of error : 10 - 30 m \| \| Location Method: \| wwr \| ## Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 1003585039 \| \|------------------------\|------------\| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| Color: \| 6 \| \| General Color: \| BROWN \| \| Mat1: \| 28 \| \| Most Common Material: \| SAND \| \| Mat2: \| 11 \| \| Other Materials: \| GRAVEL \| \| Mat3: \| 13 \| \| Other Materials: \| BOULDERS \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 0 \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 45 \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| ## Method of Construction & Well Use \| Method Construction ID: \| 1003585046 \| \|-------------------------\|------------\| \| Method Construction Code: \| 6 \| \| Method Construction: \| Boring \| \| Other Method Construction: \| \| ## Pipe Information \| Pipe ID: \| 1003585038 \| \|-------------------\|------------\| \| Casing No: \| 0 \| \| Comment: \| \| \| Alt Name: \| \| ## Construction Record - Casing \| Casing ID: \| 1003585043 \| \|---------------------\|------------\| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| Material: \| 5 \| \| Open Hole or Material: \| PLASTIC \| \| Depth From: \| 0 \| \| Depth To: \| 35 \| \| Casing Diameter: \| 2 \| \| Casing Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| Casing Depth UOM: \| ft \| ### Construction Record - Screen \| Field \| Value \| \|------------------------\|----------------\| \| Screen ID \| 1003585044 \| \| Layer \| 1 \| \| Slot \| 10 \| \| Screen Top Depth \| 35 \| \| Screen End Depth \| 45 \| \| Screen Material \| 5 \| \| Screen Depth UOM \| ft \| \| Screen Diameter UOM \| inch \| \| Screen Diameter \| 2 \| ### Water Details \| Field \| Value \| \|------------------------\|----------------\| \| Water ID \| 1003585042 \| \| Layer \| \| \| Kind Code \| \| \| Kind \| \| \| Water Found Depth \| \| \| Water Found Depth UOM \| ft \| ### Hole Diameter \| Field \| Value \| \|------------------------\|----------------\| \| Hole ID \| 1003585040 \| \| Diameter \| 8.25 \| \| Depth From \| 0 \| \| Depth To \| 45 \| \| Hole Depth UOM \| ft \| \| Hole Diameter UOM \| inch \| ### Well Information \| Field \| Value \| \|------------------------\|----------------\| \| Well ID \| 7232850 \| \| Construction Date \| \| \| Primary Water Use \| Domestic \| \| Sec. Water Use \| \| \| Final Well Status \| Abandoned-Other\| \| Water Type \| \| \| Casing Material \| \| \| Audit No \| Z192624 \| \| Tag \| \| \| Construction Method \| \| \| Elevation (m) \| \| \| Elevation Reliability \| \| \| Depth to Bedrock \| \| \| Well Depth \| \| \| Overburden/Bedrock \| \| \| Pump Rate \| \| \| Static Water Level \| \| \| Flowing (Y/N) \| \| \| Flow Rate \| \| \| Clear/Cloudy \| \| ### Site Information \| Field \| Value \| \|------------------------\|----------------\| \| Data Entry Status \| \| \| Data Src \| \| \| Date Received \| 12/2/2014 \| \| Selected Flag \| Yes \| \| Abandonment Rec \| Yes \| \| Contractor \| 2663 \| \| Form Version \| 7 \| \| Owner \| \| \| Street Name \| 1827 GORDON ST.\| \| County \| WELLINGTON \| \| Municipality \| PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP \| \| Site Info \| \| \| Lot \| 011 \| \| Concession \| 07 \| \| Concession Name \| CON \| \| Easting NAD83 \| \| \| Northing NAD83 \| \| \| Zone \| \| \| UTM Reliability \| \| ### Bore Hole Information \| Field \| Value \| \|------------------------\|----------------\| \| Bore Hole ID \| 1005246597 \| \| DP2BR \| \| \| Spatial Status \| \| \| Code OB \| \| \| Code OB Desc \| \| \| Elevation \| 342.6 \| \| Elevrc \| \| \| Zone \| 17 \| \| East83 \| 565582 \| \| Org CS \| UTM83 \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|-----------------------\|----\| \| Open Hole: \| \| \| \| North83: \| \| \| Cluster Kind: \| \| \| \| 4816421 \| \| \| Date Completed: \| 23-OCT-14 \| \| \| UTMRC: \| \| \| Remarks: \| \| \| \| margin of error : 30 m - 100 m \| \| \| Elevrc Desc: \| \| \| \| Location Method: \| \| \| Location Source Date: \| \| \| \| wwr \| \| \| Improvement Location Source: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Improvement Location Method: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Source Revision Comment: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Supplier Comment: \| \| \| \| \| \| Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record \| Plug ID: \| 1005364938 \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| Plug From: \| 0 \| \| Plug To: \| 6 \| \| Plug Depth UOM: \| ft \| Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record \| Plug ID: \| 1005364939 \| \| Layer: \| 2 \| \| Plug From: \| 6 \| \| Plug To: \| 65 \| \| Plug Depth UOM: \| ft \| Method of Construction & Well Use \| Method Construction ID: \| 1005364937 \| \| Method Construction Code: \| \| \| Method Construction: \| \| \| Other Method Construction: \| \| Pipe Information \| Pipe ID: \| 1005364930 \| \| Casing No: \| 0 \| \| Comment: \| \| \| Alt Name: \| \| Construction Record - Casing \| Casing ID: \| 1005364934 \| \| Layer: \| \| \| Material: \| \| \| Open Hole or Material: \| \| \| Depth From: \| \| \| Depth To: \| \| \| Casing Diameter: \| \| \| Casing Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| Casing Depth UOM: \| ft \| Construction Record - Screen \| Screen ID: \| 1005364935 \| \| Layer: \| \| \| Slot: \| \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| \| \| SW/189.9 \| 344.6 / -6.51\| 254 GOSLING GARDENS, GUELPH ON \| PINC \| Incident ID: Incident No: 1904490 Type: FS-Pipeline Incident Status Code: Pipeline Damage Reason Est Fuel Occurrence Tp: Fuel Type: Tank Status: RC Established Task No: 6251961 Spills Action Centre: Method Details: E-mail Fuel Category: Natural Gas Date of Occurrence: Occurrence Start Date: 2016/07/21 Operation Type: Pipeline Type: Regulator Type: Summary: 254 GOSLING GARDENS, GUELPH - PIPELINE HIT - 1 ¼" Reported By: Jeremy Miller - UNION GAS Affiliation: Occurrence Desc: Damage Reason: Excavation practices not sufficient Notes: --- \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| \| \| SW/189.9 \| 344.6 / -6.51\| union gas<UNOFFICIAL> 254 Gosling Gardens Guelph ON \| SPL \| Ref No: 2328-A7WQ9L Site No: NA Incident Dt: 2016/03/09 Year: Incident Cause: Incident Event: Leak/Break Discharger Report: Material Group: Client Type: Sector Type: Miscellaneous Industrial Source Type: Nearest Watercourse: \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site Name: \| Site Address: \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------------\|---------------\| \| 18 \| 3 of 3 \| SW/189.9 \| 344.6 / -6.51\| Union Gas Limited \| 254 Gosling Gardens (Lot 26) \| \| \| \| \| \| Guelph ON \| \| Contaminant Code: 35 Contaminant Name: NATURAL GAS (METHANE) Contaminant Limit 1: Contam Limit Freq 1: Contaminant UN No 1: Contaminant Qty: 0 other - see incident description Environment Impact: Nature of Impact: Receiving Medium: Receiving Env: Air Health/Env Conseq: MOE Response: No Dt MOE Arvl on Scn: MOE Reported Dt: 2016/03/10 Dt Document Closed: 2016/08/16 Agency Involved: SAC Action Class: TSSA - Fuel Safety Branch - Hydrocarbon Fuel Release/Spill Incident Reason: Operator/Human Error Incident Summary: TSSA: 1 1/4" line strike - made safe- --- \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site Name: \| Site Address: \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------------\|---------------\| \| 19 \| 1 of 1 \| NNW/192.8 \| 343.0 / -8.07\| lot 11 con 8 \| Guelph ON \| Well ID: 7118150 Construction Date: Primary Water Use: Not Used Sec. Water Use: Final Well Status: Abandoned-Other Water Type: Casing Material: Audit No: Z90642 Tag: Data Entry Status: Data Src: Date Received: 1/15/2009 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Yes Contractor: 7385 Form Version: 7 Owner: Street Name: GORDON STREET \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|-------------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|-------------------------------------------\|----\| \| Construction Method: \| \| \| \| County: WELLINGTON \| \| \| Elevation (m): \| \| \| \| Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP \| \| \| Elevation Reliability: \| \| \| \| Site Info: \| \| \| Depth to Bedrock: \| \| \| \| Lot: 011 \| \| \| Well Depth: \| \| \| \| Concession: 08 \| \| \| Overburden/Bedrock: \| \| \| \| Concession Name: CON \| \| \| Pump Rate: \| \| \| \| Easting NAD83: \| \| \| Static Water Level: \| \| \| \| Northing NAD83: \| \| \| Flowing (Y/N): \| \| \| \| Zone: \| \| \| Flow Rate: \| \| \| \| UTM Reliability: \| \| \| Clear/Cloudy: \| \| \| \| \| \| Bore Hole Information - Bore Hole ID: 1001957861 - DP2BR: - Spatial Status: - Code OB: - Code OB Desc: - Open Hole: - Cluster Kind: - Date Completed: 16-DEC-08 - Remarks: - Elevrc Desc: - Location Source Date: - Improvement Location Source: - Improvement Location Method: - Source Revision Comment: - Supplier Comment: Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record - Plug ID: 1002004268 - Layer: 1 - Plug From: 157 - Plug To: 140 - Plug Depth UOM: ft Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record - Plug ID: 1002004270 - Layer: 3 - Plug From: 7 - Plug To: 0 - Plug Depth UOM: ft Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record - Plug ID: 1002004269 - Layer: 2 - Plug From: 140 - Plug To: 7 - Plug Depth UOM: ft Method of Construction & Well Use - Method Construction ID: 1002004275 - Method Construction Code: ### Method Construction: - Other Method Construction: #### Pipe Information - Pipe ID: 1002004265 - Casing No: 0 - Comment: - Alt Name: #### Construction Record - Casing - Casing ID: 1002004272 - Layer: - Material: - Open Hole or Material: - Depth From: - Depth To: - Casing Diameter: - Casing Diameter UOM: inch - Casing Depth UOM: ft #### Construction Record - Screen - Screen ID: 1002004273 - Layer: - Slot: - Screen Top Depth: - Screen End Depth: - Screen Material: - Screen Depth UOM: ft - Screen Diameter UOM: inch - Screen Diameter: #### Water Details - Water ID: 1002004271 - Layer: - Kind Code: - Kind: - Water Found Depth: - Water Found Depth UOM: ft #### Hole Diameter - Hole ID: 1002004267 - Diameter: - Depth From: - Depth To: - Hole Depth UOM: ft - Hole Diameter UOM: inch \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| 20 \| 1 of 1 \| WNW/195.0 \| 339.9 / -11.17 \| 1839 Gordon St Guelph ON N1L1G7 \| EHS \| - Order No: 20160418172 - Status: C - Report Type: Custom Report - Report Date: 20-APR-16 - Date Received: 18-APR-16 - Previous Site Name: - Nearest Intersection: - Municipality: - Client Prov/State: ON - Search Radius (km): .25 - X: -80.189157 - Y: 43.498904 \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| 21 \| 1 of 2 \| WNW/198.0 \| 339.5 / -11.57 \| Gordon Street and Clair Road West Guelph ON \| EHS \| \| \| \| \| \| Order No: 20180601198 \| Nearest Intersection: \| \| \| \| \| \| Status: C \| Municipality: \| \| \| \| \| \| Report Type: Custom Report \| Client Prov/State: ON \| \| \| \| \| \| Report Date: 08-JUN-18 \| Search Radius (km): .25 \| \| \| \| \| \| Date Received: 01-JUN-18 \| X: -80.1892 \| \| \| \| \| \| Previous Site Name: \| Y: 43.498895 \| \| \| \| \| \| Lot/Building Size: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Additional Info Ordered: Fire Insur. Maps and/or Site Plans; Aerial Photos \| \| \| 21 \| 2 of 2 \| WNW/198.0 \| 339.5 / -11.57 \| Gordon Street and Clair Road West Guelph ON \| EHS \| \| \| \| \| \| Order No: 20180601198 \| Nearest Intersection: \| \| \| \| \| \| Status: C \| Municipality: \| \| \| \| \| \| Report Type: Custom Report \| Client Prov/State: ON \| \| \| \| \| \| Report Date: 08-JUN-18 \| Search Radius (km): .25 \| \| \| \| \| \| Date Received: 01-JUN-18 \| X: -80.1892 \| \| \| \| \| \| Previous Site Name: \| Y: 43.498895 \| \| \| \| \| \| Lot/Building Size: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Additional Info Ordered: Fire Insur. Maps and/or Site Plans; Aerial Photos \| \| \| 22 \| 1 of 1 \| SW/210.1 \| 345.6 / -5.46 \| Guelph ON \| WWIS \| \| \| \| \| \| Well ID: 7231333 \| Data Entry Status: \| \| \| \| \| \| Construction Date: \| Data Src. \| \| \| \| \| \| Primary Water Use: Monitoring \| Date Received: 11/10/2014 \| \| \| \| \| \| Sec. Water Use: \| Selected Flag: Yes \| \| \| \| \| \| Final Well Status: Observation Wells \| Abandonment Rec: \| \| \| \| \| \| Water Type: \| Contractor: 7238 \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Material: \| Form Version: 7 \| \| \| \| \| \| Audit No: Z193946 \| Owner: \| \| \| \| \| \| Tag: A169914 \| Street Name: 1897 GORDON STREET \| \| \| \| \| \| Construction Method: \| County: WELLINGTON \| \| \| \| \| \| Elevation (m): \| Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP \| \| \| \| \| \| Elevation Reliability: \| Site Info: \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth to Bedrock: \| Lot: \| \| \| \| \| \| Well Depth: \| Concession: \| \| \| \| \| \| Overburden/Bedrock: \| Concession Name: \| \| \| \| \| \| Pump Rate: \| Easting NAD83: \| \| \| \| \| \| Static Water Level: \| Northing NAD83: \| \| \| \| \| \| Flowing (Y/N): \| Zone: \| \| \| \| \| \| Flow Rate: \| UTM Reliability: \| \| \| \| \| \| Clear/Cloudy: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Bore Hole Information \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Bore Hole ID: 1005211867 \| Elevation: 345.31 \| \| \| \| \| \| DP2BR: \| Elevrc: \| \| \| \| \| \| Spatial Status: \| Zone: 17 \| \| \| \| \| \| Code OB: \| East83: 565572 \| \| \| \| \| \| Code OB Desc: \| Org CS: UTM83 \| \| \| \| \| \| Open Hole: \| North83: 4816351 \| \| \| \| \| \| Cluster Kind: \| UTMRC: 4 \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Date Completed: 03-OCT-14 Remarks: Elevrc Desc: Location Source Date: Improvement Location Source: Improvement Location Method: Source Revision Comment: Supplier Comment: UTMRC Desc: margin of error : 30 m - 100 m Location Method: wwr ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval Formation ID: 1005286210 Layer: 1 Color: 6 General Color: BROWN Mat1: 02 Most Common Material: TOPSOIL Mat2: 85 Other Materials: SOFT Mat3: Other Materials: Formation Top Depth: 0 Formation End Depth: 3 Formation End Depth UOM: ft ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval Formation ID: 1005286211 Layer: 2 Color: 6 General Color: BROWN Mat1: 28 Most Common Material: SAND Mat2: 11 Other Materials: GRAVEL Mat3: 77 Other Materials: LOOSE Formation Top Depth: 3 Formation End Depth: 15 Formation End Depth UOM: ft ### Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record Plug ID: 1005286218 Layer: 1 Plug From: 0 Plug To: 5 Plug Depth UOM: ft ### Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record Plug ID: 1005286219 Layer: 2 Plug From: 5 Plug To: 15 Plug Depth UOM: ft ### Method of Construction & Well \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Use - Method Construction ID: 1005286217 - Method Construction Code: B - Method Construction: Other Method - Other Method Construction: Pipe Information - Pipe ID: 1005286209 - Casing No: 0 - Comment: - Alt Name: Construction Record - Casing - Casing ID: 1005286214 - Layer: 1 - Material: 5 - Open Hole or Material: PLASTIC - Depth From: 0 - Depth To: 5 - Casing Diameter: 2 - Casing Diameter UOM: inch - Casing Depth UOM: ft Construction Record - Screen - Screen ID: 1005286215 - Layer: 1 - Slot: 10 - Screen Top Depth: 5 - Screen End Depth: 15 - Screen Material: 5 - Screen Depth UOM: ft - Screen Diameter UOM: inch - Screen Diameter: 2.5 Water Details - Water ID: 1005286213 - Layer: - Kind Code: - Kind: - Water Found Depth: - Water Found Depth UOM: ft Hole Diameter - Hole ID: 1005286212 - Diameter: 8 - Depth From: 0 - Depth To: 15 - Hole Depth UOM: ft - Hole Diameter UOM: inch --- 23 1 of 1 ESE/221.4 350.0 / -1.10 lot 12 con 8 ON WWIS Well ID: 6702639 Data Entry Status: Data Src: 1 Order No: 20190109082 \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|-------------------------------------------\|----\| \| Primary Water Use: \| Livestock \| \| \| Date Received: 1/17/1951 \| \| \| Sec. Water Use: \| Domestic \| \| \| Selected Flag: Yes \| \| \| Final Well Status: \| Water Supply \| \| \| Abandonment Rec: \| \| \| Water Type: \| \| \| \| Contractor: 2414 \| \| \| Casing Material: \| \| \| \| Form Version: 1 \| \| \| Audit No: \| \| \| \| Owner: \| \| \| Tag: \| \| \| \| Street Name: \| \| \| Construction Method: \| \| \| \| County: WELLINGTON \| \| \| Elevation (m): \| \| \| \| Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP \| \| \| Elevation Reliability: \| \| \| \| Site Info: \| \| \| Depth to Bedrock: \| \| \| \| Lot: 012 \| \| \| Well Depth: \| \| \| \| Concession: 08 \| \| \| Overburden/Bedrock: \| \| \| \| Concession Name: CON \| \| \| Pump Rate: \| \| \| \| Easting NAD83: \| \| \| Static Water Level: \| \| \| \| Northing NAD83: \| \| \| Flowing (Y/N): \| \| \| \| Zone: \| \| \| Flow Rate: \| \| \| \| UTM Reliability: \| \| \| Clear/Cloudy: \| \| \| \| \| \| Bore Hole Information - Bore Hole ID: 10466782 - DP2BR: 108 - Spatial Status: r - Code OB: Bedrock - Open Hole: - Cluster Kind: - Date Completed: 15-DEC-50 - Remarks: - Elevrc Desc: - Location Source Date: - Improvement Location Source: - Improvement Location Method: - Source Revision Comment: - Supplier Comment: Elevation: 350.4 - Elevrc: - Zone: 17 - East83: 565953.3 - Org CS: - North83: 4816424 - UTMRC: 9 - UTMRC Desc: unknown UTM - Location Method: p9 Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval - Formation ID: 932614690 - Layer: 1 - Color: - General Color: - Mat1: 23 - Most Common Material: PREVIOUSLY DUG - Mat2: - Other Materials: - Mat3: - Formation Top Depth: 0 - Formation End Depth: 15 - Formation End Depth UOM: ft Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval - Formation ID: 932614692 - Layer: 3 - Color: - General Color: - Mat1: 05 - Most Common Material: CLAY \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\| \| Mat2: \| \| 09 \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| MEDIUM SAND \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 35 \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 108 \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID: \| 932614691 \| \| Layer: \| 2 \| \| Color: \| 6 \| \| General Color: \| BROWN \| \| Mat1: \| 05 \| \| Most Common Material: \| CLAY \| \| Mat2: \| 13 \| \| Other Materials: \| BOULDERS \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| 15 \| \| Formation End Depth: \| 35 \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| ft \| Method of Construction & Well Use \| Method Construction ID: \| 966702639 \| \| Method Construction Code: \| 1 \| \| Method Construction: \| Cable Tool \| \| Other Method Construction: \| \| Pipe Information \| Pipe ID: \| 11015352 \| \| Casing No: \| 1 \| \| Comment: \| \| \| Alt Name: \| \| Construction Record - Casing \| Casing ID: \| 930759158 \| \| Layer: \| 2 \| \| Material: \| 4 \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\| \| Open Hole or Material: \| OPEN HOLE \| 130 \| ft \| \| \| Depth From: \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth To: \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter: \| 6 \| inch \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter UOM: \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Depth UOM: \| \| \| \| \| Construction Record - Casing \| Casing ID: \| 930759157 \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Material: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Open Hole or Material: \| STEEL \| \| \| \| \| Depth From: \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth To: \| 108 \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter: \| 6 \| inch \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter UOM: \| \| \| \| \| \| Casing Depth UOM: \| \| \| \| \| Results of Well Yield Testing \| Pump Test ID: \| 996702639 \| \| \| \| \| Pump Set At: \| \| \| \| \| \| Static Level: \| 70 \| \| \| \| \| Final Level After Pumping: \| 100 \| \| \| \| \| Recommended Pump Depth: \| \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Rate: \| 15 \| \| \| \| \| Flowing Rate: \| \| \| \| \| \| Recommended Pump Rate: \| 15 \| \| \| \| \| Levels UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| Rate UOM: \| GPM \| \| \| \| \| Water State After Test Code: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Water State After Test: \| CLEAR \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Test Method: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Duration HR: \| 3 \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Duration MIN: \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| Flowing: \| N \| \| \| \| Water Details \| Water ID: \| 933954984 \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Kind Code: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Kind: \| FRESH \| \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth: \| 128 \| ft \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth UOM: \| \| \| \| \| \| 24 \| 1 of 5 \| ENE/232.1 \| 349.2 / -1.86 \| 1858 Gordon St Guelph ON N1L1G6 \| \| Order No: \| 20140922022 \| Nearest Intersection: \| \| \| \| Status: \| C \| Municipality: \| \| \| \| Report Type: \| Standard Report \| Client Prov/State: \| ON \| \| \| Report Date: \| 26-SEP-14 \| Search Radius (km): \| 25 \| \| \| Date Received: \| 22-SEP-14 \| X: \| -80.185828 \| \| \| Previous Site Name: \| \| Y: \| 43.498817 \| \| \| Lot/Building Size: \| \| \| \| \| \| Additional Info Ordered: \| City Directory \| \| \| \| \| 24 \| 2 of 5 \| ENE/232.1 \| 349.2 / -1.86 \| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| \| \| ENE/232.1 \| 349.2 / -1.86\| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY 1858 GORDON ST GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 \| PES \| Licence No: 09570 Detail Licence No: 23-01-09570-0 Licence Type Code: 23 Licence Type: Limited Vendor Licence Class: 01 Licence Control: 0 Trade Name: Post Office Box: Lot: Concession: Region: 2 District: 2 County: 67 Operator Box: Operator Class: Operator No: Operator Type: Operator Lot: Oper Concession: Operator Region: 2 Operator District: 2 Operator County: 67 Oper Phone Area Cd: Ext: Oper Phone No: Proponent Ext: --- \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| \| \| ENE/232.1 \| 349.2 / -1.86\| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY 1858 GORDON ST GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 \| PES \| Licence No: Detail Licence No: Licence Type Code: 23 Licence Type: Limited Vendor Licence Class: Licence Control: Trade Name: Post Office Box: Lot: Concession: Region: District: County: Operator Box: Operator Class: Operator No: Operator Type: Operator Lot: Oper Concession: Operator Region: Operator District: Operator County: Oper Phone Area Cd: Ext: Oper Phone No: Proponent Ext: --- \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| \| \| ENE/232.1 \| 349.2 / -1.86\| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY 1858 GORDON ST GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 \| PES \| Licence No: Detail Licence No: Licence Type Code: Licence Type: Vendor Licence Class: Licence Control: Trade Name: Post Office Box: Lot: Concession: Region: District: County: Operator Box: Operator Class: Operator No: Operator Type: Operator Lot: Oper Concession: Operator Region: Operator District: Operator County: Oper Phone Area Cd: Ext: Oper Phone No: Proponent Ext: --- \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| \| \| ENE/232.1 \| 349.2 / -1.86\| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY 1858 GORDON ST GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 \| PES \| Licence No: 17839 Operator Box: \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\| \| Detail Licence No: \| 23 \| NW/232.7 \| 339.8 / -11.31 \| Guelph ON \| \| Licence Type Code: \| Active Limited Vendors \| \| \| \| \| Licence Class: \| 01 \| \| \| \| \| Licence Control: \| \| \| \| \| \| Trade Name: \| \| \| \| \| \| Post Office Box: \| \| \| \| \| \| Lot: \| \| \| \| \| \| Concession: \| \| \| \| \| \| Region: \| \| \| \| \| \| District: \| \| \| \| \| \| County: \| \| \| \| \| Well ID: 7285955 Construction Date: Primary Water Use: Domestic Sec. Water Use: Final Well Status: Abandoned-Other Water Type: Casing Material: Audit No: Z251731 Tag: A157683 Construction Method: Elevation (m): Elevation Reliability: Depth to Bedrock: Well Depth: Overburden/Bedrock: Pump Rate: Static Water Level: Flowing (Y/N): Flow Rate: Clear/Cloudy: Data Entry Status: Data Src: Date Received: 5/8/2017 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Yes Contractor: 7385 Form Version: 7 Owner: Street Name: 1819 GORDON ST County: WELLINGTON Municipality: GUELPH CITY Site Info: Lot: Concession: Concession Name: Easting NAD83: Northing NAD83: Zone: UTM Reliability: Bore Hole Information Bore Hole ID: 1006421653 DP28R: Spatial Status: Code OB: Code OB Desc: Open Hole: Cluster Kind: Date Completed: 18-APR-17 Remarks: Elevrc Desc: Location Source Date: Improvement Location Source: Improvement Location Method: Source Revision Comment: Supplier Comment: Elevation: 340.78 Elevrc: Zone: 17 East83: 565573 Org CS: UTM83 North83: 4816642 UTMRC: 4 UTMRC Desc: margin of error : 30 m - 100 m Location Method: wwr Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval Formation ID: 1006653427 Layer: Color: General Color: \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\|----\| \| Mat1: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Most Common Material: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat2: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Mat3: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Other Materials: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation Top Depth: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Formation End Depth UOM: \| \| \| \| \| ft \| Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record - Plug ID: 1006653435 - Layer: 2 - Plug From: 5 - Plug To: 120 - Plug Depth UOM: ft Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record - Plug ID: 1006653436 - Layer: 3 - Plug From: 120 - Plug To: 140 - Plug Depth UOM: ft Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record - Plug ID: 1006653434 - Layer: 1 - Plug From: 0 - Plug To: 5 - Plug Depth UOM: ft Method of Construction & Well Use - Method Construction ID: 1006653433 - Method Construction Code: - Method Construction: - Other Method Construction: Pipe Information - Pipe ID: 1006653426 - Casing No: 0 - Comment: - Alt Name: Construction Record - Casing - Casing ID: 1006653430 - Layer: - Material: - Open Hole or Material: - Depth From: - Depth To: - Casing Diameter: \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|------\| \| 26 \| 1 of 1 \| NW/236.9 \| 339.8 / -11.31 \| 3.2 ha Property Guelph ON \| \| \| \| \| \| EHS \| Order No: 20100630002 Status: C Report Type: Standard Report Report Date: 7/5/2010 Date Received: 6/30/2010 Previous Site Name: Lot/Building Size: 3.2 ha Property Additional Info Ordered: \| 27 \| 1 of 1 \| NW/239.6 \| 341.6 / -9.48 \| GUELPH ON \| \|---------\|-------------------\|-----------------------\|--------------\|----------\| \| Well ID: \| 7150520 \| \| \| WWIS \| \| Data Entry Status: \| \| \| \| \| \| Data Src: \| \| \| \| \| \| Date Received: \| 8/27/2010 \| \| \| \| \| Selected Flag: \| Yes \| \| \| \| \| Abandonment Rec: \| Yes \| \| \| \| \| Contractor: \| 7190 \| \| \| \| \| Form Version: \| 7 \| \| \| \| \| Owner: \| \| \| \| \| \| Street Name: \| 1820 GORDON ST. \| \| \| \| \| County: \| WELLINGTON \| \| \| \| \| Municipality: \| GUELPH CITY \| \| \| \| \| Site Info: \| \| \| \| \| \| Lot: \| \| \| \| \| Well ID: 7150520 Construction Date: Primary Water Use: Sec. Water Use: Final Well Status: Abandoned-Other Water Type: Casing Material: Audit No: Z104039 Tag: Construction Method: Elevation (m): Elevation Reliability: Depth to Bedrock: \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|-------------------------------------------\| \| Well Depth: \| \| \| \| Concession: \| \| Overburden/Bedrock: \| \| \| \| Concession Name: \| \| Pump Rate: \| \| \| \| Easting NAD83: \| \| Static Water Level: \| \| \| \| Northing NAD83: \| \| Flowing (Y/N): \| \| \| \| Zone: \| \| Flow Rate: \| \| \| \| UTM Reliability: \| \| Clear/Cloudy: \| \| \| \| \| Bore Hole Information - Bore Hole ID: 1003315216 - Elevation: 342.62 - DP2BR: - Spatial Status: - Code OB: - Code OB Desc: - Open Hole: - Cluster Kind: - Date Completed: 22-JUN-10 - Remarks: - Elevrc Desc: - Location Source Date: - Improvement Location Source: - Improvement Location Method: - Source Revision Comment: - Supplier Comment: - Elevrc: - Zone: - East83: 565600 - Org CS: UTM83 - North83: 4816674 - UTMRC: 4 - UTMRC Desc: margin of error : 30 m - 100 m - Location Method: wwr Method of Construction & Well Use - Method Construction ID: 1003334383 - Method Construction Code: - Method Construction: - Other Method Construction: Pipe Information - Pipe ID: 1003334376 - Casing No: 0 - Comment: - Alt Name: Construction Record - Casing - Casing ID: 1003334381 - Layer: 1 - Material: 5 - Open Hole or Material: PLASTIC - Depth From: 0 - Depth To: 30 - Casing Diameter: 2 - Casing Diameter UOM: inch - Casing Depth UOM: ft Construction Record - Screen - Screen ID: 1003334382 - Layer: 1 - Slot: - Screen Top Depth: 30 - Screen End Depth: 35 - Screen Material: 5 - Screen Depth UOM: ft \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| DB \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|-----------------------\|----\| \| Screen Diameter UOM: \| inch \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| Screen Diameter: \| \| \| \| \| \| Water Details - Water ID: 1003334380 - Layer: - Kind Code: - Kind: - Water Found Depth: - Water Found Depth UOM: ft Hole Diameter - Hole ID: 1003334378 - Diameter: - Depth From: 0 - Depth To: 6 - Hole Depth UOM: ft - Hole Diameter UOM: inch --- Well ID: 6710049 Construction Date: Primary Water Use: Domestic Sec. Water Use: 0 Final Well Status: Water Supply Water Type: Casing Material: Audit No: 61169 Tag: Construction Method: Elevation (m): Elevation Reliability: Depth to Bedrock: Well Depth: Overburden/Bedrock: Pump Rate: Static Water Level: Flowing (Y/N): Flow Rate: Clear/Cloudy: Data Entry Status: Data Src: 1 Date Received: 11/30/1989 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Contractor: 4552 Form Version: 1 Owner: Street Name: County: WELLINGTON Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP Site Info: Lot: 001 Concession: 07 Concession Name: CON Eastling NAD83: Northing NAD83: Zone: UTM Reliability: Bore Hole Information - Bore Hole ID: 10473896 - DP2BR: 128 - Spatial Status: - Code OB: r - Code OB Desc: Bedrock - Open Hole: - Cluster Kind: - Date Completed: 21-OCT-89 - Remarks: - Elevrc Desc: - Location Source Date: - Improvement Location Source: - Improvement Location Method: - Source Revision Comment: - Supplier Comment: Elevation: 350.4 Elevrc: Zone: 17 East83: 565959.3 Org CS: North83: 4816367 UTMRC: 3 UTMRC Desc: margin of error : 10 - 30 m Location Method: gps ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID \| 932646170 \| \|--------------\|-----------\| \| Layer \| 1 \| \| Color \| 6 \| \| General Color\| BROWN \| \| Mat1 \| 31 \| \| Most Common Material \| COARSE GRAVEL \| \| Mat2 \| \| \| Other Materials \| \| \| Mat3 \| \| \| Other Materials \| \| \| Formation Top Depth \| 0 \| \| Formation End Depth \| 20 \| \| Formation End Depth UOM \| ft \| ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID \| 932646172 \| \|--------------\|-----------\| \| Layer \| 3 \| \| Color \| 6 \| \| General Color\| BROWN \| \| Mat1 \| 15 \| \| Most Common Material \| LIMESTONE \| \| Mat2 \| \| \| Other Materials \| \| \| Mat3 \| \| \| Other Materials \| \| \| Formation Top Depth \| 128 \| \| Formation End Depth \| 145 \| \| Formation End Depth UOM \| ft \| ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval \| Formation ID \| 932646171 \| \|--------------\|-----------\| \| Layer \| 2 \| \| Color \| 6 \| \| General Color\| BROWN \| \| Mat1 \| 11 \| \| Most Common Material \| GRAVEL \| \| Mat2 \| 05 \| \| Other Materials \| CLAY \| \| Mat3 \| \| \| Other Materials \| \| \| Formation Top Depth \| 20 \| \| Formation End Depth \| 128 \| \| Formation End Depth UOM \| ft \| ### Method of Construction & Well Use \| Method Construction ID \| 966710049 \| \|------------------------\|-----------\| \| Method Construction Code \| 4 \| \| Method Construction \| Rotary (Air) \| \| Other Method Construction \| \| ### Pipe Information \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|------\| \| Pipe ID: \| 11022466 \| \| \| \| \| Casing No: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Comment: \| \| \| \| \| \| Alt Name: \| \| \| \| \| Construction Record - Casing \| Casing ID: \| 930771596 \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Material: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Open Hole or Material: \| STEEL \| \| \| \| \| Depth From: \| \| \| \| \| \| Depth To: \| 128 \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter: \| 6 \| \| \| \| \| Casing Diameter UOM: \| inch \| \| \| \| \| Casing Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| Results of Well Yield Testing \| Pump Test ID: \| 996710049 \| \| \| \| \| Pump Set At: \| \| \| \| \| \| Static Level: \| 70 \| \| \| \| \| Final Level After Pumping: \| 80 \| \| \| \| \| Recommended Pump Depth: \| 120 \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Rate: \| 12 \| \| \| \| \| Flowing Rate: \| \| \| \| \| \| Recommended Pump Rate: \| \| \| \| \| \| Levels UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| Rate UOM: \| GPM \| \| \| \| \| Water State After Test Code: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Water State After Test: \| CLEAR \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Test Method: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Duration HR: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Pumping Duration MIN: \| 15 \| \| \| \| \| Flowing: \| N \| \| \| \| Draw Down & Recovery \| Pump Test Detail ID: \| 935131156 \| \| \| \| \| Test Type: \| \| \| \| \| \| Test Duration: \| 60 \| \| \| \| \| Test Level: \| 80 \| \| \| \| \| Test Level UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| Draw Down & Recovery \| Pump Test Detail ID: \| 934871176 \| \| \| \| \| Test Type: \| \| \| \| \| \| Test Duration: \| 45 \| \| \| \| \| Test Level: \| 80 \| \| \| \| \| Test Level UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| Draw Down & Recovery \| Pump Test Detail ID: \| 934344831 \| \| \| \| \| Test Type: \| \| \| \| \| \| Test Duration: \| 15 \| \| \| \| \| Test Level: \| 80 \| \| \| \| \| Test Level UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| Map Key \| Number of Records \| Direction/Distance (m) \| Elev/Diff (m) \| Site \| \|------------------\|-------------------\|------------------------\|---------------\|------\| \| Pump Test Detail ID: \| 934618900 \| \| \| \| \| Test Type: \| \| \| \| \| \| Test Duration: \| 30 \| \| \| \| \| Test Level: \| 75 \| \| \| \| \| Test Level UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| Water Details \| Water ID: \| 933963587 \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 2 \| \| \| \| \| Kind Code: \| 3 \| \| \| \| \| Kind: \| SULPHUR \| \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth: \| 143 \| \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| Water Details \| Water ID: \| 933963586 \| \| \| \| \| Layer: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Kind Code: \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| Kind: \| FRESH \| \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth: \| 142 \| \| \| \| \| Water Found Depth UOM: \| ft \| \| \| \| \| DB \| Company Name/Site Name \| Address \| City \| Postal \| \|----\|------------------------------------------------------------\|------------------------------------------------------------------------\|--------------------\|----------\| \| CA \| B.J. POULTON \| EASEMENT N. OF CLAIR RD. \| GUELPH CITY ON \| \| \| CA \| CITY \| GORDON ST. \| GUELPH CITY ON \| \| \| CA \| CITY \| GORDON ST. \| GUELPH CITY ON \| \| \| CA \| GUELPH CITY \| GORDON STREET \| GUELPH CITY ON \| \| \| CA \| GUELPH CITY \| GORDON ST., PINERIDGE SUBD. \| GUELPH CITY ON \| \| \| CA \| The Corporation of the City of Guelph \| Gordon St (from Clair Avenue to approximately 350 metres south of Clair Avenue) \| Guelph ON \| \| \| CA \| UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH \| GORDON ST. \| GUELPH CITY ON \| \| \| CA \| UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH \| GORDON STREET \| GUELPH CITY ON \| \| \| CA \| UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH \| 8ORDON ST., ROOM #350 \| 1081PH CITY ON \| \| \| CA \| UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH \| GORDON ST. \| GUELPH CITY ON \| \| \| CA \| UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH \| GORDON STREET \| GUELPH CITY ON \| \| \| CA \| UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH - NEW LAB.BLDG. \| GORDON ST., NOT. DT. 29-4-92 \| GUELPH CITY ON \| \| \| CA \| University of Guelph \| McNaughton Building No. 73, Gordon Street \| Guelph ON \| \| \| CA \| University of Guelph \| MacNaughton Building No. 73, Gordon Street \| Guelph ON \| \| \| CA \| Bishop MacDonell School and Recreation Center \| Poppy Drive \| Guelph ON \| \| \| CA \| Bishop MacDonell School and Recreation Center \| Poppy Drive \| Guelph ON \| \| \| CA \| The Corporation of the City of Guelph \| Clair Road \| Guelph ON \| \| \| ECA\| The Corporation of the Township of Centre Wellington \| Lot 11, Concession 7, and Lot 10, Concession 8, geographic township of Garafaxa \| Centre Wellington ON \| N0B 1S0 \| \| GEN \| Holcim (Canada) Inc. \| RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 \| GUELPH ON \| N1H 6H9 \| \|-----\|----------------------\|---------------------\|-----------\|---------\| \| GEN \| Holcim (Canada) Inc. \| RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 \| GUELPH ON \| N1H 6H9 \| \| GEN \| Holcim (Canada) Inc. \| RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 \| GUELPH ON \| \| \| GEN \| Holcim (Canada) Inc. \| RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 \| GUELPH ON \| \| \| GEN \| UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH \| GORDON STREET \| GUELPH ON \| \| \| GEN \| Holcim (Canada) Inc. \| RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 \| GUELPH ON \| \| \| GEN \| GUELPH, CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF \| GORDON STREET RECYCLING DEPOT SOUTH OF WELLINGTON STREET, GORDON ST. \| GUELPH ON \| \| \| GEN \| GUELPH, CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF \| GORDON STREET RECYCLING DEPOT SOUTH OF WELLINGTON STREET \| GUELPH ON \| \| \| NPCB \| ONTARIO HYDRO \| CAMPBELL T.S.; RP511, LOT 11 \| GUELPH ON \| \| \| PES \| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY \| R.R. #3 \| GUELPH ON \| N1H 6H9 \| \| SPL \| TRANSPORT TRUCK \| SHELL SERVICE STATION COUNTY RD. #46 NORTH OF THE 401 MOTOR VEHICLE (OPERATING FLUID) \| PUSLINCH TWP. ON \| \| \| SPL \| Badger Daylighting Inc. \| Clair Road GUELPH WATER TOWER<UNOFFICIAL> \| Guelph ON \| \| \| SPL \| UNKNOWN \| NORTH HALF LOT 11 CON.7 OLD WEST GARY TWNSP. \| CENTRE WELLINGTON TOWNSHIP ON \| \| \| SPL \| \| Gordon St, Waterloo and Yorkshire \| Guelph ON \| \| \| WWIS \| \| lot 11 con 8 \| ON \| \| \| Site: \| B.J. POULTON EASEMENT N. OF CLAIR RD. GUELPH CITY ON \| \|-------\|-----------------------------------------------------\| \| Certificate #: \| 3-1258-86- \| \| Application Year: \| 86 \| \| Issue Date: \| 9/16/1986 \| \| Approval Type: \| Municipal sewage \| \| Status: \| Approved \| \| Application Type: \| \| \| Client Name: \| \| \| Client Address: \| \| \| Client City: \| \| \| Client Postal Code: \| \| \| Project Description: \| \| \| Contaminants: \| \| \| Emission Control: \| \| \| Site: \| CITY GORDON ST. GUELPH CITY ON \| \|-------\|---------------------------------\| \| Certificate #: \| 3-0004-85-006 \| \| Application Year: \| 85 \| \| Issue Date: \| 7/24/85 \| \| Approval Type: \| Municipal sewage \| \| Status: \| Approved \| \| Application Type: \| \| \| Client Name: \| \| \| Client Address: \| \| \| Client City: \| \| \| Client Postal Code: \| \| \| Project Description: \| \| \| Contaminants: \| \| \| Emission Control: \| \| \| Site: \| CITY GORDON ST. GUELPH CITY ON \| \|-------\|---------------------------------\| \| Certificate #: \| 3-0535-85-000 \| \| Application Year: \| 85 \| \| Issue Date: \| 7/19/85 \| \| Approval Type: \| Municipal sewage \| \| Status: \| Application Cancelled \| \| Application Type: \| \| \| Client Name: \| \| \| Client Address: \| \| \| Client City: \| \| \| Client Postal Code: \| \| \| Project Description: \| \| \| Contaminants: \| \| \| Emission Control: \| \| \| Site: \| GUELPH CITY GORDON STREET GUELPH CITY ON \| \|-------\|------------------------------------------\| \| Certificate #: \| 7-1127-86- \| \| Application Year: \| 86 \| \| Site: \| GUELPH CITY \| \|-------\|-------------\| \| \| GORDON ST., PINERIDGE SUBD. GUELPH CITY ON \| \| Certificate #: \| 3-1575-95-006 \| \| Application Year: \| 95 \| \| Issue Date: \| 11/23/95 \| \| Approval Type: \| Municipal sewage \| \| Status: \| Approved \| \| Site: \| The Corporation of the City of Guelph \| \|-------\|-------------------------------------\| \| \| Gordon St (from Clair Avenue to approximately 350 metres south of Clair Avenue) Guelph ON \| \| Certificate #: \| 2238-7UFKWY \| \| Application Year: \| 2009 \| \| Issue Date: \| 8/4/2009 \| \| Approval Type: \| Municipal and Private Sewage Works \| \| Status: \| Approved \| \| Site: \| UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH \| \|-------\|----------------------\| \| \| GORDON ST. GUELPH CITY ON \| \| Certificate #: \| 8-2002-95- \| \| Application Year: \| 95 \| \| Issue Date: \| 3/31/1995 \| \| Approval Type: \| Industrial air \| \| Status: \| Approved \| \| Project Description: \| FUMEHOOD FOR RESEARCH ON CHEMICALS \| \| Contaminants: \| Phenol, Chloroform, Methylene Chloride, Acetic Acid, Hydrogen Chloride, Methyl Alcohol, Mercaptoethanol, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Formamide \| \| Emission Control: \| No Controls \| Site: UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH GORDON STREET GUELPH CITY ON Certificate #: 8-2243-92- Application Year: 92 Issue Date: 11/26/1992 Approval Type: Industrial air Status: Approved Application Type: Client Name: Client Address: Client City: Client Postal Code: Project Description: NEW CHEM. FUMEHOOD NO. FH-112 IN RM. 318 Contaminants: Phenol, Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate, Methyl Alcohol, Acetone, Toluene(Pentyl Methane)(Methyl Benzene) Emission Control: No Controls Site: UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH 8ORDON ST., ROOM #350 1081PH CITY ON Certificate #: 8-2224-93- Application Year: 93 Issue Date: 11/8/1993 Approval Type: Industrial air Status: Approved Application Type: Client Name: Client Address: Client City: Client Postal Code: Project Description: EXHAUST FAN/STACK FOR RESEARCH LAB. Contaminants: Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, Methylene Chloride, Ethyl Ether, Tetrahydrofuran, Pentane, Methyl Alcohol, Chloroform, Carbon Tetrachloride, Ethyl Alcohol, Denat,D Emission Control: Site: UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH GORDON ST. GUELPH CITY ON Certificate #: 3-0825-89- Application Year: 89 Issue Date: 8/10/1989 Approval Type: Municipal sewage Status: Approved Application Type: Client Name: Client Address: Client City: Client Postal Code: Project Description: Contaminants: Emission Control: Site: UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH GORDON STREET GUELPH CITY ON Certificate #: 8-2236-94- Application Year: 94 Issue Date: 1/26/1995 Approval Type: Industrial air Status: Cancelled Application Type: Client Name: Client Address: Client City: \| Site: \| UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH - NEW LAB.BLDG. \| \|-------\|-------------------------------------\| \| \| GORDON ST., NOT. DT. 29-4-92 GUELPH CITY ON \| \| Certificate #: \| 8-2165-90- \| \| Application Year: \| 90 \| \| Issue Date: \| 3/13/1991 \| \| Approval Type: \| Industrial air \| \| Status: \| Approved in 1991 \| \| Client Name: \| \| Client Address: \| \| Client City: \| \| Client Postal Code: \| \| Project Description: \| LAB EXHAUST \| \| Contaminants: \| Nitriroltriacetic Acid, Sulphuric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide, Phenol, Methylene Chloride, Methyl Alcohol, Hexane, Hydrogen Chloride, Hydrogen Peroxide, Acetic Acid \| \| Emission Control: \| No Controls \| \| Site: \| University of Guelph \| \|-------\|----------------------\| \| \| McNaughton Building No. 73, Gordon Street Guelph ON \| \| Certificate #: \| 6031-5FERNG \| \| Application Year: \| 2002 \| \| Issue Date: \| 11/14/2002 \| \| Approval Type: \| Air \| \| Status: \| Revoked and/or Replaced \| \| Client Name: \| \| Client Address: \| \| Client City: \| \| Client Postal Code: \| \| Project Description: \| \| Contaminants: \| \| Emission Control: \| \| Site: \| University of Guelph \| \|-------\|----------------------\| \| \| MacNaughton Building No. 73, Gordon Street Guelph ON \| \| Certificate #: \| 3890-635JDS \| \| Application Year: \| 2004 \| \| Issue Date: \| 9/20/2004 \| \| Approval Type: \| Air \| \| Status: \| Approved \| \| Client Name: \| \| Client Address: \| \| Client City: \| \| Client Postal Code: \| \| Project Description: \| \| Contaminants: \| \| Emission Control: \| \| Site: \| Bishop MacDonell School and Recreation Center \| \|-------\|-----------------------------------------------\| \| \| Poppy Drive Guelph ON \| \| Certificate #: \| 7-0415-97-006 \| \| Application Year: \| 02 \| \| Issue Date: \| 6/28/02 \| \| Approval Type: \| Municipal & Private water \| \| Site: \| Bishop MacDonell School and Recreation Center \| \|-------\|---------------------------------------------\| \| Poppy Drive \| Guelph ON \| \| Certificate #: \| 3-0544-97-006 \| \| Application Year: \| 02 \| \| Issue Date: \| 6/28/02 \| \| Approval Type: \| Municipal & Private sewage \| \| Status: \| Approved \| \| Application Type: \| Notice \| \| Client Name: \| The Corporation of the City of Guelph \| \| Client Address: \| 59 Carden Street \| \| Client City: \| Guelph \| \| Client Postal Code: \| N1H 3A1 \| \| Project Description: \| Construction of sanitary sewers on Poppy Drive \| \| Site: \| The Corporation of the City of Guelph \| \|-------\|-------------------------------------\| \| Clair Road \| Guelph ON \| \| Certificate #: \| 1704-677RAV \| \| Application Year: \| 2004 \| \| Issue Date: \| 12/17/2004 \| \| Approval Type: \| Municipal and Private Sewage Works \| \| Status: \| Approved \| \| Site: \| The Corporation of the Township of Centre Wellington \| \|-------\|---------------------------------------------------\| \| Lot 11, Concession 7, and Lot 10, Concession 8, geographic township of Garafraxa \| Centre Wellington ON N0B 1S0 \| \| Approval No: \| 5101-93YPNW \| \| Approval Date: \| 2013-01-17 \| \| Status: \| Approved \| \| Record Type: \| ECA \| \| Link Source: \| IDS \| \| SWP Area Name: \| \| \| Approval Type: \| ECA-MUNICIPAL AND PRIVATE SEWAGE WORKS \| \| Project Type: \| MUNICIPAL AND PRIVATE SEWAGE WORKS \| \| Address: \| Lot 11, Concession 7, and Lot 10, Concession 8, geographic township of Garafraxa \| \| Full Address: \| \| \| Full PDF Link: \| https://www.accessenvironment.ene.gov.on.ca/instruments/0876-8XDJ5Z-14.pdf \| \| Site: \| Holcim (Canada) Inc. \| \|-------\|----------------------\| \| RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 \| GUELPH ON N1H 6H9 \| Generator No.: ON0432218 Status: Approval Years: 07,08 Contam. Facility: MHSW Facility: SIC Code: 212323 SIC Description: Sand and Gravel Mining and Quarrying --Details-- Waste Code: 213 Waste Description: PETROLEUM DISTILLATES Waste Code: 252 Waste Description: WASTE OILS & LUBRICANTS Waste Code: 268 Waste Description: AMINES Site: Holcim (Canada) Inc. RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 GUELPH ON N1H 6H9 Database: GEN Generator No.: ON0432218 Status: Approval Years: 2012 Contam. Facility: MHSW Facility: SIC Code: 212323 SIC Description: Sand and Gravel Mining and Quarrying --Details-- Waste Code: 268 Waste Description: AMINES Waste Code: 252 Waste Description: WASTE OILS & LUBRICANTS Waste Code: 213 Waste Description: PETROLEUM DISTILLATES Site: Holcim (Canada) Inc. RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 GUELPH ON Database: GEN Generator No.: ON0432218 Status: Approval Years: 2010 Contam. Facility: MHSW Facility: SIC Code: 212323 SIC Description: Sand and Gravel Mining and Quarrying --Details-- Waste Code: 213 Waste Description: PETROLEUM DISTILLATES Waste Code: 268 Waste Description: AMINES Waste Code: 252 Waste Description: WASTE OILS & LUBRICANTS Site: Holcim (Canada) Inc. RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 GUELPH ON Database: GEN ## UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH GORDON STREET GUELPH ON \| Generator No.: \| ON0179200 \| \|----------------\|-----------\| \| Status: \| \| \| Approval Years:\| 98 \| \| Contam. Facility: \| \| \| MHSW Facility: \| \| \| SIC Code: \| 8531 \| \| SIC Description: \| UNIVERSITY EDUCATION \| ### Details \| Waste Code: \| 112 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| ACID WASTE - HEAVY METALS \| \| Waste Code: \| 114 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| OTHER INORGANIC ACID WASTES \| \| Waste Code: \| 121 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| ALKALINE WASTES - HEAVY METALS \| \| Waste Code: \| 122 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| ALKALINE WASTES - OTHER METALS \| \| Waste Code: \| 131 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| NEUTRALIZED WASTES - HEAVY METALS \| \| Waste Code: \| 145 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| PAINT/PIGMENT/COATING RESIDUES \| \| Waste Code: \| 148 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| INORGANIC LABORATORY CHEMICALS \| \| Waste Code: \| 211 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| AROMATIC SOLVENTS \| \| Waste Code: \| 212 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| ALIPHATIC SOLVENTS \| \| Waste Code: \| 213 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| PETROLEUM DISTILLATES \| \| Waste Code: \| 222 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| HEAVY FUELS \| \| Waste Code: \| 241 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| HALOGENATED SOLVENTS \| \| Waste Code: \| 242 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| \| Waste Description: \| HALOGENATED PESTICIDES \| \|-------------------\|------------------------\| \| Waste Code: \| 243 \| \| Waste Description:\| PCB'S \| \| Waste Code: \| 251 \| \| Waste Description:\| OIL SKIMMINGS & SLUDGES\| \| Waste Code: \| 252 \| \| Waste Description:\| WASTE OILS & LUBRICANTS\| \| Waste Code: \| 261 \| \| Waste Description:\| PHARMACEUTICALS \| \| Waste Code: \| 263 \| \| Waste Description:\| ORGANIC LABORATORY CHEMICALS \| \| Waste Code: \| 267 \| \| Waste Description:\| ORGANIC ACIDS \| \| Waste Code: \| 269 \| \| Waste Description:\| NON-HALOGENATED PESTICIDES \| \| Waste Code: \| 312 \| \| Waste Description:\| PATHOLOGICAL WASTES \| \| Waste Code: \| 331 \| \| Waste Description:\| WASTE COMPRESSED GASES \| Site: Holcim (Canada) Inc. RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 GUELPH ON Generator No.: ON0432218 Status: Approval Years: 2011 Contam. Facility: MHSW Facility: SIC Code: 212323 SIC Description: Sand and Gravel Mining and Quarrying --Details-- \| Waste Code: \| 252 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| WASTE OILS & LUBRICANTS \| \| Waste Code: \| 268 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| AMINES \| \| Waste Code: \| 213 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| PETROLEUM DISTILLATES \| Site: GUELPH, CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF GORDON STREET RECYCLING DEPOT SOUTH OF WELLINGTON STREET, GORDON ST. GUELPH ON Generator No.: ON0349004 Status: Approval Years: 98,99,00,01 Contam. Facility: MHSW Facility: SIC Code: 8373 SIC Description: ENVIRON. ADMIN. --Details-- \| Waste Code: \| 252 \| \|-------------\|-----\| \| Waste Description: \| WASTE OILS & LUBRICANTS \| ## Site: GUELPH, CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF ### GORDON STREET RECYCLING DEPOT SOUTH OF WELLINGTON STREET GUELPH ON \| Generator No.: \| ON0349004 \| \|----------------\|-----------\| \| Status: \| \| \| Approval Years:\| 92,93,97 \| \| Contam. Facility: \| \| \| MHSW Facility: \| \| \| SIC Code: \| 8373 \| \| SIC Description: \| ENVIRON. ADMIN. \| --Details-- - Waste Code: 252 - Waste Description: WASTE OILS & LUBRICANTS --- ## Site: ONTARIO HYDRO ### CAMPBELL T.S.; RP511, LOT 11 GUELPH ON \| Company Code: \| O0859 \| \|---------------\|-------\| \| Industry: \| Utility \| \| Site Status: \| \| \| Transaction Date: \| 5/26/1988 \| \| Inspection Date: \| \| --- ## Site: COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY ### R.R. #3 GUELPH ON N1H 6H9 \| Licence No: \| Operator Box: \| \|-------------\|---------------\| \| Detail Licence No: \| Operator Class: \| \| Licence Type Code: \| Operator No: \| \| Licence Type: Vendor \| Operator Type: \| \| Licence Class: \| Operator Lot: \| \| Licence Control: \| Oper Concession: \| \| Trade Name: \| Operator Region: \| \| Post Office Box: \| Operator District: \| \| Lot: \| Operator County: \| \| Concession: \| Oper Phone Area Cd: \| \| Region: \| Ext: \| \| District: \| Oper Phone No: \| \| County: \| Proponent Ext: \| --- ## Site: TRANSPORT TRUCK ### SHELL SERVICE STATION COUNTY RD. #46 NORTH OF THE 401 MOTOR VEHICLE (OPERATING FLUID) PUSLINCH TWP. ON \| Ref No: \| 34646 \| \|---------\|-------\| \| Site No: \| Discharger Report: \| \| Incident Dt: \| Material Group: \| \| Year: \| Client Type: \| \| Incident Cause: CONTAINER OVERFLOW \| Sector Type: \| \| Incident Event: \| Source Type: \| \| Contaminant Code: \| Nearest Watercourse: \| \| Contaminant Name: \| Site Name: \| \| Contaminant Limit 1: \| Site Address: \| \| Contam Limit Freq 1: \| Site District Office: \| \| Contaminant UN No 1: \| Site County/District: \| \| Contaminant Qty: \| Site Postal Code: \| \| Environment Impact: POSSIBLE \| Site Region: \| \| Nature of Impact: \| Site Municipality: 75612 \| \| Receiving Medium: LAND \| Site Lot: \| \| Receiving Env: \| Site Conc: \| \| Health/Env Conseq: \| Northing: \| \| MOE Response: \| Easting: MCCR \| \| Site Geo Ref Accu: \| \| Site: Badger Daylighting Inc. Clair Road GUELPH WATER TOWER<UNOFFICIAL> Guelph ON Ref No: 0031-6UGVH4 Site No: Incident Dt: 10/11/2006 Year: Incident Cause: Incident Event: Contaminant Code: 41 Contaminant Name: Process water (N.O.S.) Contaminant Limit 1: Contam Limit Freq 1: Contaminant UN No 1: Contaminant Qty: 20 L Environment Impact: Confirmed Nature of Impact: Soil Contamination Receiving Medium: Land Receiving Env: Health/Env Conseq: MOE Response: Dt MOE Arvl on Scn: MOE Reported Dt: 10/11/2006 Dt Document Closed: Agency Involved: SAC Action Class: Incident Reason: Incident Summary: Guelph: Badger discharged truck contents Discharger Report: Material Group: Wastes Client Type: Sector Type: Other Source Type: Nearest Watercourse: Site Name: CLAIR ROAD Site Address: CLAIR ROAD Site District Office: Guelph Site County/District: Site Postal Code: Site Region: Site Municipality: Guelph Site Lot: Site Conc: Northing: Eastling: Site Geo Ref Accu: Site Geo Ref Meth: Site Map Datum: Site: UNKNOWN NORTH HALF LOT 11 CON.7 OLD WEST GARY TWNSP. CENTRE WELLINGTON TOWNSHIP ON Ref No: 222753 Site No: Incident Dt: 3/7/2002 Year: Incident Cause: UNKNOWN Incident Event: Contaminant Code: Contaminant Name: Contaminant Limit 1: Contam Limit Freq 1: Contaminant UN No 1: Contaminant Qty: Environment Impact: POSSIBLE Nature of Impact: Multi Media Pollution Receiving Medium: LAND / WATER Receiving Env: Health/Env Conseq: MOE Response: Dt MOE Arvl on Scn: MOE Reported Dt: 3/7/2002 Dt Document Closed: Agency Involved: SAC Action Class: Incident Reason: UNKNOWN Incident Summary: UNKNOWN SOURCE: SPILL OF FUEL OIL TO CREEK. TWNSP & MOE ON SCENE. Discharger Report: Material Group: Client Type: Sector Type: Source Type: Nearest Watercourse: Site Name: Site Address: Site District Office: Site County/District: Site Postal Code: Site Region: Site Municipality: 75614 Site Lot: Site Conc: Northing: Eastling: Site Geo Ref Accu: Site Geo Ref Meth: Site Map Datum: Site: Gordon St, Waterloo and Yorkshire Guelph ON Ref No: 0443-6D8NAW Incident Dt: 6/10/2005 Contaminant Code: Contaminant Name: DIESEL FUEL Contaminant Limit 1: 90.9 L Environment Impact: Not Anticipated Nature of Impact: Receiving Medium: Land Receiving Env: Health/Env Conseq: MOE Response: Dt MOE Arri on Scn: MOE Reported Dt: 6/10/2005 Dt Document Closed: Agency Involved: SAC Action Class: Spills to Highways (usually highway accidents) Incident Reason: Incident Summary: diesel on road being cleaned by city Discharger Report: 2 Material Group: Oil Client Type: Sector Type: Other Motor Vehicle Source Type: Nearest Watercourse: Site Name: Roadway<UNOFFICIAL> Site Address: Site District Office: Guelph Site County/District: Site Postal Code: Site Region: Site Municipality: Guelph Site Lot: Site Conc: Northing: EastIng: Site Geo Ref Accu: Site Geo Ref Meth: Site Map Datum: Site: lot 11 con 8 ON Well ID: 6714515 Construction Date: Primary Water Use: Domestic Sec. Water Use: Final Well Status: Water Supply Water Type: Casing Material: Audit No: 257933 Tag: Construction Method: Elevation (m): Elevation Reliability: Depth to Bedrock: Well Depth: Overburden/Bedrock: Pump Rate: Static Water Level: Flowing (Y/N): Flow Rate: Clear/Cloudy: Data Entry Status: Data Src: 1 Date Received: 7/17/2003 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Contractor: 2663 Form Version: 1 Owner: Street Name: County: WELLINGTON Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP Site Info: Lot: 011 Concession: 08 Concession Name: CON EastIng NAD83: Northing NAD83: Zone: UTM Reliability: Bore Hole Information Bore Hole ID: 10548066 DP2BR: Spatial Status: Code OB: o Code OB Desc: Overburden Open Hole: Cluster Kind: Date Completed: 02-JUL-03 Remarks: Elevrc Desc: Location Source Date: Improvement Location Source: Elevation: Elevrc: Zone: 17 East83: Org CS: North83: UTMRC: 9 UTMRC Desc: unknown UTM Location Method: na Improvement Location Method: Source Revision Comment: Supplier Comment: Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval Formation ID: 932939909 Layer: 2 Color: 6 General Color: BROWN Mat1: 05 Most Common Material: CLAY Mat2: 11 Other Materials: GRAVEL Mat3: 28 Other Materials: SAND Formation Top Depth: 30 Formation End Depth: 87 Formation End Depth UOM: ft Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval Formation ID: 932939910 Layer: 3 Color: General Color: Mat1: 11 Most Common Material: GRAVEL Mat2: Other Materials: Mat3: Other Materials: Formation Top Depth: 87 Formation End Depth: 94 Formation End Depth UOM: ft Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval Formation ID: 932939908 Layer: 1 Color: 6 General Color: BROWN Mat1: 05 Most Common Material: CLAY Mat2: 12 Other Materials: STONES Mat3: Other Materials: Formation Top Depth: 0 Formation End Depth: 30 Formation End Depth UOM: ft Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record Plug ID: 933244699 Layer: 1 Plug From: 0 Plug To: 20 Plug Depth UOM: ft Method of Construction & Well Use Method Construction ID: 966714515 Method Construction Code: 4 Method Construction: Rotary (Air) Other Method Construction: Pipe Information Pipe ID: 11096636 Casing No: 1 Comment: Alt Name: Construction Record - Casing Casing ID: 930779232 Layer: 1 Material: 1 Open Hole or Material: STEEL Depth From: Depth To: Casing Diameter: 6 Casing Diameter UOM: inch Casing Depth UOM: ft Results of Well Yield Testing Pump Test ID: 996714515 Pump Set At: Static Level: 60 Final Level After Pumping: 74 Recommended Pump Depth: 85 Pumping Rate: 30 Flowing Rate: Recommended Pump Rate: 30 Levels UOM: ft Rate UOM: GPM Water State After Test Code: 1 Water State After Test: CLEAR Pumping Test Method: 1 Pumping Duration HR: 1 Pumping Duration MIN: 0 Flowing: N Draw Down & Recovery Pump Test Detail ID: 934614661 Test Type: Draw Down Test Duration: 30 Test Level: 74 Test Level UOM: ft Draw Down & Recovery Pump Test Detail ID: 934350798 Test Type: Draw Down Test Duration: 15 Test Level: 74 Test Level UOM: ft Draw Down & Recovery Pump Test Detail ID: 935136732 Test Type: Draw Down Test Duration: 60 Draw Down & Recovery - Pump Test Detail ID: 934875673 - Test Type: Draw Down - Test Duration: 45 - Test Level: 74 - Test Level UOM: ft Water Details - Water ID: 934042000 - Layer: 1 - Kind Code: 1 - Kind: FRESH - Water Found Depth: 94 - Water Found Depth UOM: ft Environmental Risk Information Services (ERIS) can search the following databases. The extent of historical information varies with each database and current information is determined by what is publicly available to ERIS at the time of update. Note: Databases denoted with " * " indicates that the database will no longer be updated. See the individual database description for more information. Abandoned Aggregate Inventory: Provincial AAGR The MAAP Program maintains a database of abandoned pits and quarries. Please note that the database is only referenced by lot and concession and city/town location. The database provides information regarding the location, type, size, land use, status and general comments.* Government Publication Date: Sept 2002 Aggregate Inventory: Provincial AGR The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources maintains a database of all active pits and quarries. The database provides information regarding the registered owner/operator, location name, operation type, approval type, and maximum annual tonnage. Government Publication Date: Up to Sep 2018 Abandoned Mine Information System: Provincial AMIS The Abandoned Mines Information System contains data on known abandoned and inactive mines located on both Crown and privately held lands. The information was provided by the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM), with the following disclaimer: “the database provided has been compiled from various sources, and the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines makes no representation and takes no responsibility that such information is accurate, current or complete”. Reported information includes official mine name, status, background information, mine start/end date, primary commodity, mine features, hazards and remediation. Government Publication Date: 1800-Nov 2016 Anderson's Waste Disposal Sites: Private ANDR The information provided in this database was collected by examining various historical documents which aimed to characterize the likely position of former waste disposal sites from 1860 to present. The research initiative behind the creation of this database was to identify those sites that are missing from the Ontario MOE Waste Disposal Site Inventory, as well as to provide revisions and corrections to the positions and descriptions of sites currently listed in the MOE inventory. In addition to historic waste disposal facilities, the database also identifies certain auto wreckers and scrap yards that have been extrapolated from documentary sources. Please note that the data is not warranted to be complete, exhaustive or authoritative. The information was collected for research purposes only. Government Publication Date: 1860s-Present Automobile Wrecking & Supplies: Private AUWR This database provides an inventory of known locations that are involved in the scrap metal, automobile wrecking/recycling, and automobile parts & supplies industry. Information is provided on the company name, location and business type. Government Publication Date: 1999-Jul 31, 2018 Borehole: Provincial BORE A borehole is the generalized term for any narrow shaft drilled in the ground, either vertically or horizontally. The information here includes geotechnical investigations or environmental site assessments, mineral exploration, or as a pilot hole for installing piers or underground utilities. Information is from many sources such as the Ministry of Transportation (MTO) boreholes from engineering reports and projects from the 1950 to 1990’s in Southern Ontario. Boreholes from the Ontario Geological Survey (OGS) including The Urban Geology Analysis Information System (UGAIS) and the York Peel Durham Toronto (YPDT) database of the Conservation Authority Moraine Coalition. This database will include fields such as location, stratigraphy, depth, elevation, year drilled, etc. For all water well data or oil and gas well data for Ontario please refer to WWIS and OOGW. Government Publication Date: 1875-Jul 2014 Certificates of Approval: Provincial CA This database contains the following types of approvals: Air & Noise, Industrial Sewage, Municipal & Private Sewage, Waste Management Systems and Renewable Energy Approvals. The MOE in Ontario states that any facility that releases emissions to the atmosphere, discharges contaminants to ground or surface water, provides potable water supplies, or stores, transports or disposes of waste, must have a Certificate of Approval before it can operate lawfully. Fields include approval number, business name, address, approval date, approval type and status. This database will no longer be updated, as CoFA's have been replaced by either Environmental Activity and Sector Registry (EASR) or Environmental Compliance Approval (ECA). Please refer to those individual databases for any information after Oct.31, 2011. Government Publication Date: 1985-Oct 30, 2011 Commercial Fuel Oil Tanks: List of commercial underground fuel oil tanks made available by the Fuels Safety Program of the Technical Standards & Safety Authority (TSSA). Ontario Regulation 213/01 of the Technical Standards and Safety Act (2000) requires that all underground tanks be registered with the TSSA. Note: the Fuels Safety Division does not register waste oil tanks in apartments, office buildings, residences, etc., or aboveground gas or diesel tanks. Records are not verified for accuracy or completeness. This is not a comprehensive or complete inventory of commercial fuel tanks in the province. The TSSA updates information in its system on an ongoing basis; this listing is a copy of the data captured at one moment in time and is hence limited by the record date provided here. Government Publication Date: Feb 28, 2017 Chemical Register: This database includes information from both a one time study conducted in 1992 and private source and is a listing of facilities that manufacture or distribute chemicals. The production of these chemical substances may involve one or more chemical reactions and/or chemical separation processes (i.e. fractionation, solvent extraction, crystallization, etc.). Government Publication Date: 1999-Jul 31, 2018 Compressed Natural Gas Stations: Canada has a network of public access compressed natural gas (CNG) refuelling stations. These stations dispense natural gas in compressed form at 3,000 pounds per square inch (psi), the pressure which is allowed within the current Canadian codes and standards. The majority of natural gas refuelling is located at existing retail gasoline that have a separate refuelling island for natural gas. This list of stations is made available by the Canadian Natural Gas Vehicle Alliance. Government Publication Date: Dec 2012 - Dec 2018 Inventory of Coal Gasification Plants and Coal Tar Sites: This inventory includes both the "Inventory of Coal Gasification Plant Waste Sites in Ontario-April 1987" and the Inventory of Industrial Sites Producing or Using Coal Tar and Related Tars in Ontario-November 1988) collected by the MOE. It identifies industrial sites that produced and continue to produce or use coal tar and other related tars. Detailed information is available and includes: facility type, size, land use, information on adjoining properties, soil condition, site operators/occupants, site description, potential environmental impacts and historic maps available. This was a one-time inventory.* Government Publication Date: Apr 1987 and Nov 1988 Compliance and Convictions: This database summarizes the fines and convictions handed down by the Ontario courts beginning in 1989. Companies and individuals named here have been found guilty of environmental offenses in Ontario courts of law. Government Publication Date: 1989-Sep 2018 Certificates of Property Use: This is a subset taken from Ontario's Environmental Registry (EBR) database. It will include all CPU's on the registry such as (EPA s. 168.6) - Certificate of Property Use. Government Publication Date: 1994-Nov 30, 2018 Drill Hole Database: The Ontario Drill Hole Database contains information on more than 113,000 percussion, overburden, sonic and diamond drill holes from assessment files on record with the department of Mines and Minerals. Please note that limited data is available for southern Ontario, as it was the last area to be completed. The database was created when surveys submitted to the Ministry were converted in the Assessment File Research Image Database (AFRI) project. However, the degree of accuracy (coordinates) as to the exact location of drill holes is dependent upon the source document submitted to the MNDM. Levels of accuracy used to locate holes are: centering on the mining claim; a sketch of the mining claim; a 1:50,000 map; a detailed company map; or from submitted a "Report of Work". Government Publication Date: 1886 - Oct 2018 Dry Cleaning Facilities: List of dry cleaning facilities made available by Environment and Climate Change Canada. Environment and Climate Change Canada's Tetrachloroethylene (Use in Dry Cleaning and Reporting Requirements) Regulations (SOR/2003-79) are intended to reduce releases of tetrachloroethylene to the environment from dry cleaning facilities. Government Publication Date: Jan 2004-Dec 2016 Environmental Activity and Sector Registry: On October 31, 2011, a smarter, faster environmental approvals system came into effect in Ontario. The EASR allows businesses to register certain activities with the ministry, rather than apply for an approval. The registry is available for common systems and processes, to which preset rules of operation can be applied. The EASR is currently available for: heating systems, standby power systems and automotive refinishing. Businesses whose activities aren't subject to the EASR may apply for an ECA (Environmental Compliance Approval). Please see our ECA database. Government Publication Date: Oct 2011-Nov 30, 2018 Environmental Registry: The Environmental Registry lists proposals, decisions and exceptions regarding policies, Acts, instruments, or regulations that could significantly affect the environment. Through the Registry, thirteen provincial ministries notify the public of upcoming proposals and invite their comments. For example, if a local business is requesting a permit, license, or certificate of approval to release substances into the air or water; these are notified on the registry. Data includes: Approval for discharge into the natural environment other than water (i.e. Air) - EPA s. 9, Approval for sewage works - OWRA s. 53(1), and EPA s. 27 - Approval for a waste disposal site. For information regarding Permit to Take Water (PTTW), Certificate of Property Use (CPU) and (ORD) Orders please refer to those individual databases. Government Publication Date: 1994-Nov 30, 2018 Environmental Compliance Approval: On October 31, 2011, a smarter, faster environmental approvals system came into effect in Ontario. In the past, a business had to apply for multiple approvals (known as certificates of approval) for individual processes and pieces of equipment. Today, a business either registers itself, or applies for a single approval, depending on the types of activities it conducts. Businesses whose activities aren't subject to the EASR may apply for an ECA. A single ECA addresses all of a business's emissions, discharges and wastes. Separate approvals for air, noise and waste are no longer required. This database will also include Renewable Energy Approvals. For certificates of approval prior to Nov 1st, 2011, please refer to the CA database. For all Waste Disposal Sites please refer to the WDS database. Government Publication Date: Oct 2011-Nov 30, 2018 Environmental Effects Monitoring: The Environmental Effects Monitoring program assesses the effects of effluent from industrial or other sources on fish, fish habitat and human usage of fisheries resources. Since 1992, pulp and paper mills have been required to conduct EEM studies under the Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations. This database provides information on the mill name, geographical location and sub-lethal toxicity data. Government Publication Date: 1992-2007* ERIS Historical Searches: ERIS has compiled a database of all environmental risk reports completed since March 1999. Available fields for this database include: site location, date of report, type of report, and search radius. As per all other databases, the ERIS database can be referenced on both the map and "Statistical Profile" page. Government Publication Date: 1999-Oct 31, 2018 Environmental Issues Inventory System: The Environmental Issues Inventory System was developed through the implementation of the Environmental Issues and Remediation Plan. This plan was established to determine the location and severity of contaminated sites on inhabited First Nation reserves, and where necessary, to remediate those that posed a risk to health and safety; and to prevent future environmental problems. The EIIS provides information on the reserve under investigation, inventory number, name of site, environmental issue, site action (Remediation, Site Assessment), and date investigation completed. Government Publication Date: 1992-2001* Emergency Management Historical Event: List of locations of historical occurrences of emergency events, including those assigned to the Ministry of Natural Resources by Order-In-Council (OIC) under the Emergency Management and Civil Protection Act, as well as events where MNR provided requested emergency response assistance. Many of these events will have involved community evacuations, significant structural loss, and/or involvement of MNR emergency response staff. These events fall into one of ten (10) type categories: Dam Failure; Drought / Low Water; Erosion; Flood; Forest Fire; Soil and Bedrock Instability; Petroleum Resource Center Event, EMQ Requested Assistance, Continuity of Operations Event, Other Requested Assistance. EMHE record details are reproduced by ERIS under License with the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources © Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2017. Government Publication Date: Dec 31, 2016 List of TSSA Expired Facilities: List of facilities and tanks - for which there was once a registration - no longer registered with the Fuels Safety Program of the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA). Includes private fuel outlets, bulk plants, fuel oil tanks, gasoline stations, marinas, propane filling stations, liquid fuel tanks, piping systems, etc. Tanks which have been removed from the ground are included in the expired facilities inventory held by the TSSA. Notes: the Fuels Safety Division did not register private fuel underground/aboveground storage tanks prior to January of 1990, or furnace oil tanks prior to May 1, 2002; nor does the Division register waste oil tanks in apartments, office buildings, residences, etc., or aboveground gas or diesel tanks. Records are not verified for accuracy or completeness. This is not a comprehensive or complete inventory of expired tanks/tank facilities in the province. The TSSA updates information in its system on an ongoing basis; this listing is hence limited by the record date provided here. Government Publication Date: Feb 28, 2017 Federal Convictions: Environment Canada maintains a database referred to as the "Environmental Registry" that details prosecutions under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) and the Fisheries Act (FA). Information is provided on the company name, location, charge date, offence and penalty. Government Publication Date: 1988-Jun 2007* Contaminated Sites on Federal Land: The Federal Contaminated Sites Inventory includes information on known federal contaminated sites under the custodianship of departments, agencies and consolidated Crown corporations as well as those that are being or have been investigated to determine whether they have contamination arising from past use that could pose a risk to human health or the environment. The inventory also includes non-federal contaminated sites for which the Government of Canada has accepted some or all financial responsibility. It does not include sites where contamination has been caused by, and which are under the control of, enterprise Crown corporations, private individuals, firms or other levels of government. Government Publication Date: Jun 2000-Oct 2018 Fisheries & Oceans Fuel Tanks: Fisheries & Oceans Canada maintains an inventory of aboveground & underground fuel storage tanks located on Fisheries & Oceans property or controlled by DFO. Our inventory provides information on the site name, location, tank owner, tank operator, facility type, storage tank location, tank contents & capacity, and date of tank installation. Government Publication Date: 1964-Sep 2017 Fuel Storage Tank: List of registered private and retail fuel storage tanks made available by the Fuels Safety Program of the Technical Standards & Safety Authority (TSSA). Ontario Regulation 213/01 of the Technical Standards and Safety Act (2000) requires that all underground tanks be registered with the TSSA. Notes: the Fuels Safety Division did not register private fuel underground/aboveground storage tanks prior to January of 1990, or furnace oil tanks prior to May 1, 2002; nor does the Division register waste oil tanks in apartments, office buildings, residences, etc., or aboveground gas or diesel tanks. Records are not verified for accuracy or completeness. This is not a comprehensive or complete inventory of fuel storage tanks/tank facilities in the province. The TSSA updates information in its system on an ongoing basis; this listing is hence limited by the record date provided here. Government Publication Date: Feb 28, 2017 Fuel Storage Tank - Historic: The Fuels Safety Branch of the Ontario Ministry of Consumer and Commercial Relations maintained a database of all registered private fuel storage tanks. Public records of private fuel storage tanks are only available since the registration became effective in September 1989. This information is now collected by the Technical Standards and Safety Authority. Government Publication Date: Pre-Jan 2010 Ontario Regulation 347 Waste Generators Summary: Regulation 347 of the Ontario EPA defines a waste generation site as any site, equipment and/or operation involved in the production, collection, handling and/or storage of regulated wastes. A generator of regulated waste is required to register the waste generation site and each waste produced, collected, handled, or stored at the site. This database contains the registration number, company name and address of registered generators including the types of hazardous wastes generated. It includes data on waste generating facilities such as: drycleaners, waste treatment and disposal facilities, machine shops, electric power distribution etc. This information is a summary of all years from 1986 including the most currently available data. Some records may contain, within the company name, the phrase "See & Use..." followed by a series of letters and numbers. This occurs when one company is amalgamated with or taken over by another registered company. The number listed as "See & Use", refers to the new ownership and the other identification number refers to the original ownership. This phrase serves as a link between the 2 companies until operations have been fully transferred. Government Publication Date: 1986-June 30, 2018 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Large Facilities: List of greenhouse gas emissions from large facilities made available by Environment Canada. Greenhouse gas emissions in kilotonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (kt CO2 eq). Government Publication Date: 2013-Dec 2016 TSSA Historic Incidents: List of historic incidences of spills and leaks of diesel, fuel oil, gasoline, natural gas, propane, and hydrogen recorded by the TSSA in their previous incident tracking system. The TSSA's Fuels Safety Program administers the Technical Standards & Safety Act 2000, providing fuel-related safety services associated with the safe transportation, storage, handling and use of fuels such as gasoline, diesel, propane, natural gas and hydrogen. Under this Act, the TSSA regulates fuel suppliers, storage facilities, transport trucks, pipelines, contractors and equipment or appliances that use fuels. Records are not verified for accuracy or completeness. This is not a comprehensive or complete inventory of historical fuel spills and leaks in the province. This listing is a copy of the data captured at one moment in time and is hence limited by the record date provided here. Government Publication Date: 2006-June 2009 Indian & Northern Affairs Fuel Tanks: The Department of Indian & Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) maintains an inventory of aboveground & underground fuel storage tanks located on both federal and crown land. Our inventory provides information on the reserve name, location, facility type, site/facility name, tank type, material & ID number, tank contents & capacity, and date of tank installation. Government Publication Date: 1950-Aug 2003 TSSA Incidents: List of spills and leaks of diesel, fuel oil, gasoline, natural gas, propane, and hydrogen reported to the Spills Action Centre (SAC) and made available by the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA). Under the Technical Standards & Safety Act (2000), the TSSA regulates fuel suppliers, storage facilities, transport trucks, pipelines, contractors, and equipment or appliances that use fuels. Includes incidents from fuel-related hazards such as spills, fires, and explosions. Records are not verified for accuracy or completeness. This is not a comprehensive or complete inventory of fuel-related leaks, spills, and incidents in the province. The TSSA updates information in its system on an ongoing basis; this listing is hence limited by the record date provided here. Government Publication Date: Feb 28, 2017 Landfill Inventory Management Ontario: The Landfill Inventory Management Ontario (LIMO) database is updated every year, as the ministry compiles new and updated information. The inventory will include small and large landfills. Additionally, each year the ministry will request operators of the larger landfills complete a landfill data collection form that will be used to update LIMO and will include the following information from the previous operating year. This will include additional information such as estimated amount of total waste received, landfill capacity, estimated total remaining landfill capacity, fill rates, engineering designs, reporting and monitoring details, size of location, service area, approved waste types, leachate of site treatment, contaminant attenuation zone and more. The small landfills will include information such as site owner, site location and certificate of approval # and status. Government Publication Date: Sep 30, 2017 Canadian Mine Locations: This information is collected from the Canadian & American Mines Handbook. The Mines database is a national database that provides over 290 listings on mines (listed as public companies) dealing primarily with precious metals and hard rocks. Listed are mines that are currently in operation, closed, suspended, or are still being developed (advanced projects). Their locations are provided as geographic coordinates (x, y and/or longitude, latitude). As of 2002, data pertaining to Canadian smelters and refineries has been appended to this database. Government Publication Date: 1998-2009 Environmental Penalty Annual Report: This database contains data from Ontario's annual environmental penalty report published by the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change. These reports provide information on environmental penalties for land or water violations issued to companies in one of the nine industrial sectors covered by the Municipal Industrial Strategy for Abatement (MISA) regulations. Government Publication Date: Jan 1, 2011 - Dec 31, 2017 Mineral Occurrences: In the early 70's, the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines created an inventory of approximately 19,000 mineral occurrences in Ontario, in regard to metallic and industrial minerals, as well as some information on building stones and aggregate deposits. Please note that the "Horizontal Positional Accuracy" is approximately +/- 200 m. Many reference elements for each record were derived from field sketches using pace or chain/tape measurements against claim posts or topographic features in the area. The primary limiting factor for the level of positional accuracy is the scale of the source material. The testing of horizontal accuracy of the source materials was accomplished by comparing the plan metric (X and Y) coordinates of that point with the coordinates of the same point as defined from a source of higher accuracy. Government Publication Date: 1846-Jan 2018 National Analysis of Trends in Emergencies System (NATES): In 1974 Environment Canada established the National Analysis of Trends in Emergencies System (NATES) database, for the voluntary reporting of significant spill incidents. The data was to be used to assist in directing the work of the emergencies program. NATES ran from 1974 to 1994. Extensive information is available within this database including company names, place where the spill occurred, date of spill, cause, reason and source of spill, damage incurred, and amount, concentration, and volume of materials released. Government Publication Date: 1974-1994 Non-Compliance Reports: The Ministry of the Environment provides information about non-compliant discharges of contaminants to air and water that exceed legal allowable limits, from regulated industrial and municipal facilities. A reported non-compliance failure may be in regard to a Control Order, Certificate of Approval, Sectoral Regulation or specific regulation/act. Government Publication Date: Dec 31, 2016 National Defense & Canadian Forces Fuel Tanks: The Department of National Defense and the Canadian Forces maintains an inventory of all aboveground & underground fuel storage tanks located on DND lands. Our inventory provides information on the base name, location, tank type & capacity, tank contents, tank class, date of tank installation, date tank last used, and status of tank as of May 2001. This database will no longer be updated due to the new National Security protocols which have prohibited any release of this database. Government Publication Date: Up to May 2001 National Defense & Canadian Forces Spills: Federal NDSP The Department of National Defense and the Canadian Forces maintains an inventory of spills to land and water. All spill sites have been classified under the "Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act – 1992". Our inventory provides information on the facility name, location, spill ID #, spill date, type of spill, as well as the quantity of substance spilled & recovered. Government Publication Date: Mar 1999-Apr 2018 National Defence & Canadian Forces Waste Disposal Sites: Federal NDWD The Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces maintains an inventory of waste disposal sites located on DND lands. Where available, our inventory provides information on the base name, location, type of waste received, area of site, depth of site, year site opened/closed and status. Government Publication Date: 2001-Apr 2007 National Energy Board Pipeline Incidents: Federal NEBI Locations of pipeline incidents from 2008 to present, made available by the National Energy Board (NEB). Includes incidents reported under the Onshore Pipeline Regulations and the Processing Plant Regulations related to pipelines under federal jurisdiction, does not include incident data related to pipelines under provincial or territorial jurisdiction. Government Publication Date: 2008-Jun 30, 2018 National Energy Board Wells: Federal NEBW The NEBW database contains information on onshore & offshore oil and gas wells that are outside provincial jurisdiction(s) and are thereby regulated by the National Energy Board. Data is provided regarding the operator, well name, well ID No./UWI, status, classification, well depth, spud and release date. Government Publication Date: 1920-Feb 2003 National Environmental Emergencies System (NEES): Federal NEES In 2000, the Emergencies program implemented NEES, a reporting system for spills of hazardous substances. For the most part, this system only captured data from the Atlantic Provinces, some from Quebec and Ontario and a portion from British Columbia. Data for Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and the Territories was not captured. However, NEES is also a repository for previous Environment Canada spill datasets. NEES is composed of the historic datasets 'or Trends' which dates from approximately 1974 to present. NEES Trends is a compilation of historic databases, which were merged and includes data from NATES (National Analysis of Trends in Emergencies System), ARTS (Atlantic Regional Trends System), and NEES. In 2001, the Emergencies Program determined that variations in reporting regimes and requirements between federal and provincial agencies made national spill reporting and trend analysis difficult to achieve. As a consequence, the department has focused efforts on capturing data on spills of substances which fall under its legislative authority only (CEPA and FA). As such, the NEES database will be decommissioned in December 2004. Government Publication Date: 1974-2003 National PCB Inventory: Federal NPCB Environment Canada's National PCB inventory includes information on in-use PCB containing equipment in Canada including federal, provincial and private facilities. Federal out-of-service PCB containing equipment and PCB waste owned by the federal government or by federally regulated industries such as airlines, railway companies, broadcasting companies, telephone and telecommunications companies, pipeline companies, etc. are also listed. Although it is not Environment Canada's mandate to collect data on non-federal PCB waste, the National PCB inventory includes some information on provincial and private PCB waste and storage sites. Some addresses provided may be Head Office addresses and are not necessarily the location of where the waste is being used or stored. Government Publication Date: 1988-2008 National Pollutant Release Inventory: Federal NPRI Environment Canada has defined the National Pollutant Release Inventory ("NPRI") as a federal government initiative designed to collect comprehensive national data regarding releases to air, water, or land, and waste transfers for recycling for more than 300 listed substances. Government Publication Date: 1993-May 2017 Oil and Gas Wells: Private OGW The Nickle's Energy Group (publisher of the Daily Oil Bulletin) collects information on drilling activity including operator and well statistics. The well information database includes name, location, class, status and depth. The main Nickle's database is updated on a daily basis, however, this database is updated on a monthly basis. More information is available at www.nickles.com. Government Publication Date: 1988-August 31, 2018 Ontario Oil and Gas Wells: Provincial OOGW In 1998, the MNR handed over to the Ontario Oil, Gas and Salt Resources Corporation, the responsibility of maintaining a database of oil and gas wells drilled in Ontario. The OGSR Library has over 20,000+ wells in their database. Information available for all wells in the ERIS database include well owner/operator, location, permit issue date, and well cap date, license No., status, depth and the primary target (rock unit) of the well being drilled. All geology/stratigraphy table information, plus all water table information is also provide for each well record. Government Publication Date: 1800-May 2018 Inventory of PCB Storage Sites: The Ontario Ministry of Environment, Waste Management Branch, maintains an inventory of PCB storage sites within the province. Ontario Regulation 11/82 (Waste Management - PCB) and Regulation 347 (Generator Waste Management) under the Ontario EPA requires the registration of inactive PCB storage equipment and/or disposal sites of PCB waste with the Ontario Ministry of Environment. This database contains information on: 1) waste quantities; 2) major and minor sites storing liquid or solid waste; and 3) a waste storage inventory. Government Publication Date: 1987-Oct 2004; 2012-Dec 2013 Orders: This is a subset taken from Ontario’s Environmental Registry (EBR) database. It will include all Orders on the registry such as (EPA s. 17) - Order for remedial work, (EPA s. 18) - Order for preventative measures, (EPA s. 43) - Order for removal of waste and restoration of site, (EPA s. 44) - Order for conformity with Act for waste disposal sites, (EPA s. 136) - Order for performance of environmental measures. Government Publication Date: 1994-Nov 30, 2018 Canadian Pulp and Paper: This information is part of the Pulp and Paper Canada Directory. The Directory provides a comprehensive listing of the locations of pulp and paper mills and the products that they produce. Government Publication Date: 1999, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2009-2014 Parks Canada Fuel Storage Tanks: Canadian Heritage maintains an inventory of known fuel storage tanks operated by Parks Canada, in both National Parks and at National Historic Sites. The database details information on site name, location, tank install/removal date, capacity, fuel type, facility type, tank design and owner/operator. Government Publication Date: 1920-Jan 2005 Pesticide Register: The Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change maintains a database of licensed operators and vendors of registered pesticides. Government Publication Date: 1988-Mar 2018 TSSA Pipeline Incidents: List of pipeline incidents (strikes, leaks, spills) made available by the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA). Under the Technical Standards & Safety Act (2000), the TSSA regulates fuel suppliers, storage facilities, transport trucks, pipelines, contractors, and equipment or appliances that use fuels. Records are not verified for accuracy or completeness. This is not a comprehensive or complete inventory of pipeline incidents in the province. The TSSA updates information in its system on an ongoing basis; this listing is hence limited by the record date provided here. Government Publication Date: Feb 28, 2017 Private and Retail Fuel Storage Tanks: The Fuels Safety Branch of the Ontario Ministry of Consumer and Commercial Relations maintained a database of all registered private fuel storage tanks and licensed retail fuel outlets. This database includes an inventory of locations that have gasoline, oil, waste oil, natural gas and/or propane storage tanks on their property. The MCCR no longer collects this information. This information is now collected by the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA). Government Publication Date: 1989-1996 Permit to Take Water: This is a subset taken from Ontario’s Environmental Registry (EBR) database. It will include all PTTW's on the registry such as OWRA s. 34 - Permit to take water. Government Publication Date: 1994-Nov 30, 2018 Ontario Regulation 347 Waste Receivers Summary: Part V of the Ontario Environmental Protection Act ("EPA") regulates the disposal of regulated waste through an operating waste management system or a waste disposal site operated or used pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Certificate of Approval or a Provisional Certificate of Approval. Regulation 347 of the Ontario EPA defines a waste receiving site as any site or facility to which waste is transferred by a waste carrier. A receiver of regulated waste is required to register the waste receiving facility. This database represents registered receivers of regulated wastes, identified by registration number, company name and address, and includes receivers of waste such as: landfills, incinerators, transfer stations, PCB storage sites, sludge farms and water pollution control plants. This information is a summary of all years from 1986 including the most currently available data. Government Publication Date: 1986-2016 Record of Site Condition: The Record of Site Condition (RSC) is part of the Ministry of the Environment's Brownfields Environmental Site Registry. Protection from environmental cleanup orders for property owners is contingent upon documentation known as a record of site condition (RSC) being filed in the Environmental Site Registry. In order to file an RSC, the property must have been properly assessed and shown to meet the soil, sediment and groundwater standards appropriate for the use (such as residential) proposed to take place on the property. The Record of Site Condition Regulation (O. Reg. 153/04) details requirements related to site assessment and clean up. RSCs filed after July 1, 2011 will also be included as part of the new (O.Reg. 511/09). Government Publication Date: 1997-Sept 2001, Oct 2004-Sep 2018 Retail Fuel Storage Tanks: This database includes an inventory of retail fuel outlet locations (including marinas) that have on their property gasoline, oil, waste oil, natural gas and/or propane storage tanks. Government Publication Date: 1999-Jul 31, 2018 Scott's Manufacturing Directory: Scott's Directories is a data bank containing information on over 200,000 manufacturers across Canada. Even though Scott's listings are voluntary, it is the most comprehensive database of Canadian manufacturers available. Information concerning a company's address, plant size, and main products are included in this database. Government Publication Date: 1992-Mar 2011* Ontario Spills: This database identifies information such as location (approximate), type and quantity of contaminant, date of spill, environmental impact, cause, nature of impact, etc. Information from 1988-2002 was part of the ORIS (Occurrence Reporting Information System). The SAC (Spills Action Centre) handles all spills reported in Ontario. Regulations for spills in Ontario are part of the MOE's Environmental Protection Act, Part X. Government Publication Date: 1988-Sep 2018 Wastewater Discharger Registration Database: Information under this heading is combination of the following 2 programs. The Municipal/Industrial Strategy for Abatement (MISA) division of the Ontario Ministry of Environment maintained a database of all direct dischargers of toxic pollutants within nine sectors including: Electric Power Generation; Mining; Petroleum Refining; Organic Chemicals; Inorganic Chemicals; Pulp & Paper; Metal Casting; Iron & Steel; and Quarries. All sampling information is now collected and stored within the Sample Result Data Store (SRDS). Government Publication Date: 1990-Dec 31, 2016 Anderson's Storage Tanks: The information provided in this database was collected by examining various historical documents, which identified the location of former storage tanks, containing substances such as fuel, water, gas, oil, and other various types of miscellaneous products. Information is available in regard to business operating at tank site, tank location, permit year, permit & installation type, no. of tanks installed & configuration and tank capacity. Data contained within this database pertains only to the city of Toronto and is not warranted to be complete, exhaustive or authoritative. The information was collected for research purposes only. Government Publication Date: 1915-1953* Transport Canada Fuel Storage Tanks: List of fuel storage tanks currently or previously owned or operated by Transport Canada. This inventory also includes tanks on The Pickering Lands, which refers to 7,530 hectares (18,600 acres) of land in Pickering, Markham, and Uxbridge owned by the Government of Canada since 1972; properties on this land has been leased by the government since 1975, and falls under the Site Management Policy of Transport Canada, but is administered by Public Works and Government Services Canada. This inventory provides information on the site name, location, tank age, capacity and fuel type. Government Publication Date: 1970-Aug 2017 TSSA Variances for Abandonment of Underground Storage Tanks: List of variances granted for abandoned tanks. Under the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA) Liquid Fuels Handling Code and Fuel Oil Code, all underground storage tanks must be removed within two years of disuse. If removal of a tank is not feasible, an application may be sought for a variance from this code requirement. Records are not verified for accuracy or completeness. This is not a comprehensive or complete inventory of tank variances in the province. The TSSA updates information in its system on an ongoing basis; this listing is hence limited by the record date provided here. Government Publication Date: Feb 28, 2017 Waste Disposal Sites - MOE CA Inventory: The Ontario Ministry of Environment, Waste Management Branch, maintains an inventory of known open (active or inactive) and closed disposal sites in the Province of Ontario. Active sites maintain a Certificate of Approval, are approved to receive and are receiving waste. Inactive sites maintain Certificate(s) of Approval but are not receiving waste. Closed sites are not receiving waste. The data contained within this database was compiled from the MOE's Certificate of Approval database. Locations of these sites may be cross-referenced to the Anderson database described under ERIS's Private Source Database section, by the CA number. All new Environmental Compliance Approvals handed out after Oct 31, 2011 for Waste Disposal Sites will still be found in this database. Government Publication Date: Oct 2011-Nov 30, 2018 Waste Disposal Sites - MOE 1991 Historical Approval Inventory: In June 1991, the Ontario Ministry of Environment, Waste Management Branch, published the "June 1991 Waste Disposal Site Inventory", of all known active and closed waste disposal sites as of October 30st, 1990. For each "active" site as of October 31st 1990, information is provided on site location, site/CA number, waste type, site status and site classification. For each "closed" site as of October 31st 1990, information is provided on site location, site/CA number, closure date and site classification. Locations of these sites may be cross-referenced to the Anderson database described under ERIS's Private Source Database section, by the CA number. Government Publication Date: Up to Oct 1990* Water Well Information System: This database describes locations and characteristics of water wells found within Ontario in accordance with Regulation 903. It includes such information as coordinates, construction date, well depth, primary and secondary use, pump rate, static water level, well status, etc. Also included are detailed stratigraphy information, approximate depth to bedrock and the approximate depth to the water table. Government Publication Date: Dec 31, 2017 Definitions Database Descriptions: This section provides a detailed explanation for each database including: source, information available, time coverage, and acronyms used. They are listed in alphabetic order. Detail Report: This is the section of the report which provides the most detail for each individual record. Records are summarized by location, starting with the project property followed by records in closest proximity. Distance: The distance value is the distance between plotted points, not necessarily the distance between the sites’ boundaries. All values are an approximation. Direction: The direction value is the compass direction of the site in respect to the project property and/or center point of the report. Elevation: The elevation value is taken from the location at which the records for the site address have been plotted. All values are an approximation. Source: Google Elevation API. Executive Summary: This portion of the report is divided into 3 sections: ‘Report Summary’- Displays a chart indicating how many records fall on the project property and, within the report search radii. ‘Site Report Summary’-Project Property’- This section lists all the records which fall on the project property. For more details, see the ‘Detail Report’ section. ‘Site Report Summary-Surrounding Properties’- This section summarizes all records on adjacent properties, listing them in order of proximity from the project property. For more details, see the ‘Detail Report’ section. Map Key: The map key number is assigned according to closest proximity from the project property. Map Key numbers always start at #1. The project property will always have a map key of ‘1’ if records are available. If there is a number in brackets beside the main number, this will indicate the number of records on that specific property. If there is no number in brackets, there is only one record for that property. The symbol and colour used indicates ‘elevation’: the red inverted triangle will dictate ‘ERIS Sites with Lower Elevation’, the yellow triangle will dictate ‘ERIS Sites with Higher Elevation’ and the orange square will dictate ‘ERIS Sites with Same Elevation.’ Unplottables: These are records that could not be mapped due to various reasons, including limited geographic information. These records may or may not be in your study area, and are included as reference. APPENDIX D: Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks \| Landfill <5 km from site \| Distance from site (km) \| Site Number \| County \| Municipality \| Lot or Street Number \| Concession \| NTS \| UTM Coordinates \| D \| C \| O \| H \| L \| MH \| SS \| Hazard Class \| \|--------------------------\|------------------------\|-------------\|----------\|-----------------------\|----------------------\|------------\|------\|-----------------\|----\|----\|---\|---\|---\|-----\|-----\|--------------\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 99 \| A 120410 \| NIAGARA \| WELLAND \| PT 18 \| 7 \| 30L14 \| 17 \| 645800 \| 4758550 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 100 \| 0 \| A3 \| \| 97 \| A 120412 \| * NIAGARA \| WELLAND \| 24 \| 7 \| 30L14 \| 17 \| 643250 \| 4758250 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 100 \| 0 \| A4 \| \| 118 \| A 120501 \| NIAGARA \| FORT ERIE\| 7 (Bridge St. Fort Erie) \| 4NR \| 30L15 \| 17 \| 666400 \| 4754700 \| 50 \| 30 \| 10 \| 0 \| 5 \| 5 \| 0 \| A4 \| \| 65 \| A 120601 \| NIAGARA \| GRIMSBY \| NW PT2 \| 6 \| 30M04 \| 17 \| 618400 \| 4777860 \| 75 \| 15 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 10 \| 0 \| A3 \| \| 71 \| A 120702 \| NIAGARA \| LINCOLN \| PT 14-15 \| 6 \| 30M03 \| 17 \| 625100 \| 4777530 \| 0 \| 0 \| 100\| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| A3 \| \| 93 \| A 120802 \| NIAGARA \| NIAGARA-ON-THE-LAKE \| PT 106 \| 5 \| 30M03 \| 17 \| 652250 \| 4784170 \| 80 \| 10 \| 5 \| 0 \| 0 \| 5 \| 0 \| A4 \| \| 98 \| A 120803 \| NIAGARA \| NIAGARA-ON-THE-LAKE \| PT 45,NE PT 47 (Queens'n Quarries) \| 30M03 \| 17 \| 656250 \| 4779400 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 100 \| 0 \| A3 \| \| 91 \| A 121007 \| * NIAGARA \| THOROLD \| PT 29 (Ormond St. & C.N.R.tracks) \| 30M03 \| 17 \| 646510 \| 4774730 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 100 \| 0 \| A3 \| \| 90 \| A 121016 \| * NIAGARA \| THOROLD \| PT 31; incityofThorold \| 30M03 \| 17 \| 645510 \| 4774400 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 100 \| 0 \| A3 \| \| 95 \| A 121101 \| NIAGARA \| WAINFLEET \| 20 (Station Rd) \| 1 \| 30L14 \| 17 \| 632440 \| 4748590 \| 80 \| 5 \| 15\| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| A4 \| \| 87 \| A 121102 \| NIAGARA \| WAINFLEET \| PT 26 (Perry Rd) \| 6 \| 30L14 \| 17 \| 629280 \| 4757780 \| 85 \| 10 \| 5 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| A4 \| \| 64 \| A 121201 \| NIAGARA \| LINCOLN, WEST \| PT 14(CaistorRd) \| 3 \| 30M04 \| 17 \| 607650 \| 4768700 \| 0 \| 0 \| 100\| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| A4 \| \| 16 \| A 140104 \| WATERLOO \| CAMBRIDGE \| PT 2N1/2 \| 11 \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 558850 \| 4802050 \| 44 \| 2 \| 2 \| 0 \| 0 \| 52 \| 0 \| A3 \| \| 32 \| A 140301 \| WATERLOO \| WATERLOO \| Erb St.; 40 GCT \| 40P07 \| 17 \| 534450 \| 4809200 \| 52 \| 22 \| 11 \| 0 \| 0 \| 15 \| 0 \| A3 \| \| 10 \| A 170101 \| WELLINGTON \| GUELPH \| PT 4-SS1/2 \| 5 DIVC \| 40P09 \| 17 \| 561950 \| 4825200 \| 15 \| 7 \| 22\| 0 \| 2 \| 54 \| 0 \| A1 \| \| 31 \| A 171001 \| WELLINGTON \| ERIN \| PT 15 E1/2 \| 9 \| 40P16 \| 17 \| 574700 \| 4846240 \| 80 \| 15 \| 1 \| 0 \| 4 \| 0 \| 0 \| A3 \| \| 61 \| A 171101 \| WELLINGTON \| ARTHUR \| PT13 \| WOFOS \| 40P15 \| 17 \| 525770 \| 4863000 \| 75 \| 10 \| 10\| 0 \| 0 \| 5 \| 0 \| A4 \| \| 33 \| A 171401 \| WELLINGTON \| GARAFRAKA, WEST \| PT11 \| 6 \| 40P16 \| 17 \| 553480 \| 4847660 \| 80 \| 10 \| 10\| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| A4 \| \| 55 \| A 171701 \| WELLINGTON \| MARYBOROUGH \| 7 \| 4 \| 40P15 \| 17 \| 516250 \| 4840900 \| 75 \| 20 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 5 \| 0 \| A4 \| \| 56 \| A 171702 \| WELLINGTON \| MARYBOROUGH \| PT 6 E1/2 \| 14 \| 40P15 \| 17 \| 521750 \| 4851950 \| 75 \| 20 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 5 \| 0 \| A4 \| \| 71 \| A 171801 \| WELLINGTON \| MINTO \| PT 26 \| 7 \| 40P15 \| 17 \| 509220 \| 4859810 \| 75 \| 5 \| 15\| 0 \| 0 \| 5 \| 0 \| A4 \| \| 48 \| A 172001 \| WELLINGTON \| DRAYTON \| PT 12 E1/2 \| 13 \| 40P15 \| 17 \| 529380 \| 4847250 \| 88 \| 10 \| 2 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| A4 \| \| 4 \| A 172201 \| WELLINGTON \| PUSLINCH \| PT 17S1/2 \| FRONT O \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 563300 \| 4813200 \| 84 \| 10 \| 5 \| 0 \| 0 \| 1 \| 0 \| A4 \| * Industrial Sites \| Landfill < 5 km from site \| Distance from site (km) \| Site Number \| County \| Municipality \| Lot or Street Number \| Concession \| UTM Coordinates \| Date Closed \| Hazard Class \| \|---------------------------\|-------------------------\|-------------\|----------\|------------------\|----------------------\|------------\|----------------\|--------------\|--------------\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 21 \| X 8074 \| WATERLOO \| KITCHENER \| Hwy. 24 \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 555375, 4798200 \| 1968 \| NP \| \| 11 \| X 8075 \| WATERLOO \| CAMBRIDGE \| 9 & 10 \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 557150, 4809250 \| 1940 \| NP \| \| 17 \| X 8076 \| WATERLOO \| CAMBRIDGE \| Russ St. \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 552225, 4805950 \| 1968 \| A7 \| \| 18 \| X 8078 \| WATERLOO \| CAMBRIDGE \| Rogers Dr. \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 551500, 4805450 \| 1960 \| A7 \| \| 18 \| X 8079 \| WATERLOO \| CAMBRIDGE \| Margaret St. \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 552050, 4805300 \| * \| NP \| \| 18 \| X 8080 \| WATERLOO \| CAMBRIDGE \| Lawrence St. \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 552350, 4805000 \| * \| A7 \| \| 14 \| X 8081 \| WATERLOO \| CAMBRIDGE \| Beaverdale Rd. \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 554150, 4807750 \| 1973 \| A7 \| \| 26 \| X 8082 \| WATERLOO \| KITCHENER \| Lorne Cr. \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 540925, 4809225 \| * \| A7 \| \| 26 \| X 8084 \| WATERLOO \| KITCHENER \| Mausser Park \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 540850, 4809350 \| * \| NP \| \| 27 \| X 8085 \| WATERLOO \| KITCHENER \| Victoria St. \| 40P07 \| 17 \| 539875, 4810200 \| * \| A7 \| \| 25 \| X 8086 \| WATERLOO \| KITCHENER \| Kent Ave. \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 542100, 4809800 \| * \| A7 \| \| 25 \| X 8087 \| WATERLOO \| KITCHENER \| Hurst Ave. \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 542075, 4809700 \| * \| A7 \| \| 25 \| X 8088 \| WATERLOO \| KITCHENER \| Palmer Ave. \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 541925, 4809700 \| * \| A7 \| \| 27 \| X 8089 \| WATERLOO \| KITCHENER \| Queens Blvd. \| 40P07 \| 17 \| 539550, 4808750 \| * \| A7 \| \| 28 \| X 8090 \| WATERLOO \| KITCHENER \| Queenmount Public School \| 40P07 \| 17 \| 539300, 4808750 \| * \| A7 \| \| 22 \| X 8091 \| WATERLOO \| KITCHENER \| Kinzie Ave. \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 545400, 4808725 \| * \| NP \| \| 26 \| X 8092 \| WATERLOO \| KITCHENER \| Coral Cres. \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 540600, 4808975 \| * \| NP \| \| 26 \| X 8093 \| WATERLOO \| KITCHENER \| Glen Rd. \| 40P07 \| 17 \| 540450, 4809125 \| * \| A7 \| \| 21 \| X 8094 \| WATERLOO \| KITCHENER \| Jansen Ave. \| 40P08 \| 17 \| 540400, 4808725 \| * \| A7 \| \| 28 \| X 8095 \| WATERLOO \| KITCHENER \| Kane St. \| 40P07 \| 17 \| 538625, 4808700 \| * \| A7 \| \| 28 \| X 8096 \| WATERLOO \| KITCHENER \| Weichelt St. \| 40P07 \| 17 \| 538900, 4809650 \| * \| A7 \| \| 31 \| X 8097 \| WATERLOO \| WOOLWICH \| First St. \| 40P10 \| 17 \| 536325, 4826400 \| * \| A7 \| \| 8 \| A 140105 \| WELLINGTON \| GUELPH \| 3 \| 2DIVB \| \| 557510, 4815500 \| 1977 \| A1 \| \| 47 \| A 170107 \| WELLINGTON \| GUELPH \| Eastview Rd. \| 40P09 \| 17 \| 519048, 4825250 \| * \| A7 \| \| 68 \| A 170401 \| WELLINGTON \| MOUNT FOREST \| 3 \| 12 \| \| 519940, 4867325 \| 1970 \| A7 \| \| 47 \| A 170601 \| WELLINGTON \| ARTHUR \| Preston St. \| 40P15 \| 17 \| 536050, 4853075 \| 1970 \| A7 \| \| 31 \| A 171002 \| WELLINGTON \| ERIN \| March & Hwy. 24 \| 40P16 \| 17 \| 575300, 4846150 \| 1971 \| NP \| \| 7 \| A 171501 \| WELLINGTON \| GUELPH \| 2 \| 2DIVB \| \| 558580, 4816550 \| 1975 \| A4 \| \| 65 \| A 171802 \| WELLINGTON \| MINTO \| PT 21 Farm; in Village of Minto \| 40P15 \| 17 \| 518180, 4854100 \| 1972 \| A5 \| \| 65 \| A 171802 \| WELLINGTON \| PALMERSTON \| 21 \| 1 \| \| 512240, 4851200 \| 1971 \| A7 \| \| 8 \| X 175501 \| WELLINGTON \| PUSLINCH \| 30 \| 8 \| \| 517540, 4811125 \| 1975 \| B7 \| \| 10 \| X 0100 \| WELLINGTON \| PUSLINCH \| 5 \| 2 \| \| 559400, 4808525 \| 1972 \| NP \| \| 14 \| X 0102 \| WELLINGTON \| ERAMOSA \| 5 \| 5 \| \| 569150, 4829700 \| 1964 \| NP \| \| 29 \| X 0103 \| WELLINGTON \| ERIN \| 15 \| 8 \| \| 573900, 4844200 \| 1950 \| NP \| \| 34 \| X 0105 \| WELLINGTON \| GARAFRAKX, WEST \| 20-21 \| 6 \| \| 548825, 4845775 \| 1967 \| B8 \| \| 48 \| X 0106 \| WELLINGTON \| DRAYTON \| Mills St. \| 40P15 \| 17 \| 526400, 4844500 \| 1966 \| NP \| \| 10 \| X 8098 \| WELLINGTON \| GUELPH \| Riverside Park \| 40P09 \| 17 \| 558800, 4823675 \| * \| A7 \| \| 6 \| X 8099 \| WELLINGTON \| GUELPH \| Boult Ave. \| 40P09 \| 17 \| 562275, 4821425 \| * \| A7 \| \| 6 \| X 8100 \| WELLINGTON \| GUELPH \| Wellington St. \| 40P09 \| 17 \| 560525, 4820375 \| * \| A7 \| \| 6 \| X 8101 \| WELLINGTON \| GUELPH \| Wellington & Waterloo \| 40P09 \| 17 \| 560400, 4820400 \| * \| A7 \| \| 28 \| X 8104 \| WELLINGTON \| FERGUS \| Beatty Line \| 40P09 \| 17 \| 549050, 4838450 \| 1970 \| A1 \| \| 69 \| X 8106 \| WELLINGTON \| MOUNT FOREST \| Martin St. \| 40P15 \| 17 \| 520500, 4868280 \| 1970 \| A7 \| \| 29 \| X 8108 \| WELLINGTON \| ELORA \| 19 \| 13 \| \| 545125, 4837225 \| 1970 \| A7 \| \| 54 \| X 8109 \| WELLINGTON \| MARYBOROUGH \| 10 \| 8 \| \| 523500, 4849750 \| 1974 \| NP \| \| 72 \| X 8110 \| WELLINGTON \| HARRISTON \| William St. \| 40P15 \| 17 \| 509800, 4861860 \| 1971 \| A7 \| 27 March 2019 GM Blue Plan Engineering Limited 650 Woodlawn Road West Block C, Unit 2 Guelph, ON N1K 1S8 RE: 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON Thank you for your inquiry requesting a search of records from the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP). The MECP encourages you to use the available on-line resources to access publically-available information which may assist with your inquiry. The MECP’s Access Environment is an on-line, map-based search tool designed to allow the public, quick and easy access to MECP approvals and registration information from December 1999 onward. Access Environment currently displays Environmental Compliance Approvals (ECA), Renewable Energy Approvals (REA) and registrations on the Environmental Activity and Sector Registry (EASR). ECAs include all Certificates of Approval (CofAs) previously issued under the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) and approvals previously issued under s.53 of the Ontario Water Resources Act (OWRA). You can access this information from the MECP website or at the following link: www.accessenvironment.ene.gov.on.ca/AEWeb/ae/GoSearch.action?search=basic&lang=en Copies of ECAs prior to 1999 can be obtained through a request to the ministry’s Information Unit at the Environmental Approvals, Access and Service Integration Branch – the form is available at: http://www.ontario.ca/environment-and-energy/request-copy-environmental-compliance-approval Additional site information related to the location of landfill sites in the province can be found at the following link: http://www.ontario.ca/environment-and-energy/small-landfill-sites http://www.ontario.ca/environment-and-energy/map-large-landfill-sites For information on Records of Site Condition filed on the Environmental Site Registry since October 1, 2004, please use the following link: http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/environment/en/subject/brownfields/STDPROD_075742.html The MECP’s Hazardous Waste Information Network (HWIN) can also be accessed to search for information on generators, carriers, and receivers of subject waste in the province at the following link: www.hwin.ca The MECP’s Environmental Compliance Reports provide information about contaminant discharges to water and emissions to air that exceed limits found in legislation, environmental approvals, orders and/or policies/guidelines and can be accessed at the following link: http://www.ontario.ca/environment-and-energy/environmental-compliance-reports Information on environmental penalties, which are monetary penalties that can be imposed by the MECP for some industrial spills, can be assessed at the following link: http://www.ontario.ca/government/search-results?query=Environmental+penalties&op=Search Additional ministry information can be accessed through the Government of Ontario’s Open Data Catalogue: http://www.ontario.ca/government/open-data-ontario There are NO orders in our database registered to this property or property owner. The MECP also encourages you to consider best practices and standards of care used within the legal community and through your associations as a guide to obtaining information related to specific property for any legal purpose. We trust this information will help meet your requirements quickly and effectively. Thank you for your inquiry. Magdelene Flynn District Administrative Assistant February 22, 2019 Joanna Olesiuk GM BluePlan Engineering Ltd. 2 - 650 Woodlawn Rd W, Block 'C' Guelph, ON N1K 1B8 Dear Joanna Olesiuk: RE: Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act Request Our File # A-2019-00662, Your Reference 118170-1 This letter is in response to your request made pursuant to the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act relating to 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph. After a thorough search through the files of the Ministry’s Guelph District Office, West-Central Regional Office, Investigations and Enforcement Branch, Environmental Assessment and Permissions Branch, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Sector Compliance Branch and Safe Drinking Water Branch, no records were located responsive to your request. To provide you with this response and in accordance with Section 57 of the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, the fee owed is $30.00 for 1 hour of search time @ $30.00 per hour. We have applied the $30.00 for this request from your initial payment. This file is now closed. You may request a review of my decision by contacting the Information and Privacy Commissioner/Ontario, 2 Bloor Street East, Suite 1400, Toronto, ON M4W 1A8 (800-387-0073 or 416-326-3333). Please note that there is a $25.00 fee and you only have 30 days from receipt of this letter to request a review. If you have any questions regarding this matter, please contact Junyi Cai at 416-314-4075 or [email protected]. Yours truly, [Signature] Janet Dadufalza Manager, Access and Privacy APPENDIX E: Technical Standards and Safety Authority Good Morning, Our records indicate that the tank is a “Single Wall Horizontal AST” tank. With regards to Private Fuel Outlets/Tanks, please note the following: The Technical Standards and Safety Act and associated regulations do not require the registration of private fuel outlets. Nor does it require that any documentation on these facilities be submitted to or reviewed or approved by TSSA. As a result, TSSA has limited information on these facilities. TSSA cautions that any information provided may be inaccurate, incomplete or out of date. Warm regards, Connie Hill \| Public Information Agent Facilities 345 Carlingview Drive Toronto, Ontario M9W 6N9 Tel: +1-416-734-3383 \| Fax: +1-416-231-6183 \| E-Mail: [email protected] www.tssa.org From: Joanna Olesiuk - GM BluePlan <[email protected]> Sent: February 1, 2019 1:57 PM To: Public Information Services <[email protected]> Subject: RE: 118170-1 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON Good Afternoon, Thank you so much for checking Yalini. Does the record state if the tanks were aboveground or underground? Thanks again and have a great weekend. Joanna Olesiuk, M.A.Sc., C. Tech. Senior Technical Specialist GM BluePlan Engineering Limited 650 Woodlawn Road West, Block C, Unit 2 \| Guelph ON N1K 1B8 t: 519.824.8150 ext. 1253 \| c: 519.239.3160 [email protected] \| www.gmblueplan.ca Hello Joanna, I have double checked and we still have record of the below mentioned private fuel outlet and fuel tank (active status) at 1820 Gordon Street, Guelph. As per our database, the two records are associated with ‘THE PERGOLA DRIVE INN’. Regards, Yalini Hello Yalini, Thank you so much for this information. I was wondering if you could please double check on this record. This address no longer exists in the City, it used to be for a business which operated into early 2000’s (the Pergola Gold Centre (Driving Range, mini golf and restaurant business)) and the property has since has been redeveloped into commercial plaza (under collective address of 63 Clair Road East) so just wondering about this record. Thank you. Joanna Olesiuk, M.A.Sc., C. Tech. Senior Technical Specialist GM BluePlan Engineering Limited 650 Woodlawn Road West, Block C, Unit 2 \| Guelph ON N1K 1B8 t: 519.824.8150 ext. 1253 \| c: 519.239.3160 [email protected] \| www.gmblueplan.ca Hello Joanna, Thank you for your request for confirmation of public information. I have searched the below noted addresses and I have located the following record: \| Inst Number \| Context \| Address \| City \| Province \| Postal Code \| Status \| \|-------------\|--------------------------------\|-------------\|--------\|----------\|-------------\|--------\| \| 10337096 \| FS PRIVATE FUEL OUTLET - SELF SERVE \| 1820 GORDON ST \| GUELPH \| ON \| N1L 1G6 \| Active \| \| 11642722 \| FS LIQUID FUEL TANK \| 1820 GORDON ST \| GUELPH \| ON \| N1L 1G6 \| Active \| For a further search in our archives, or for copies of documents, please complete our release of public information form found at https://www.tssa.org/en/about-tssa/release-of-public-information.aspx?mid=392 and email the completed form to [email protected] or through mail along with the appropriate fee. TSSA’s fee schedule can be found at: https://www.tssa.org/en/about-tssa/resources/Documents/Public-Information-Fee-Schedule_Jan_2018.pdf. The fee is payable with credit card (Visa or MasterCard) or with a Cheque made payable to TSSA. Although TSSA believes the information provided pursuant to your request is accurate, please note that TSSA does not warrant this information in any way whatsoever. Kind regards, Yalini Yalini Kanagendran \| Public Information Agent Facilities 345 Carlingview Drive Toronto, Ontario M5W 6N9 Tel: +1-416-734-3449 \| Fax: +1-416-231-6183 \| E-Mail: [email protected] www.tssa.org From: Joanna Olesiuk - GM BluePlan <[email protected]> Sent: January 28, 2019 2:18 PM To: Public Information Services <[email protected]> Subject: 118170-1 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON Good Afternoon, I would like to request a file search of TSSA records regarding aboveground or underground fuel (gasoline, diesel, oil, waste oil etc.) storage tanks, or any other TSSA matters at the properties at the following address in Guelph, Ontario. 1879 Gordon Street, 1897 Gordon Street, 1861 Gordon Street, 1839 Gordon Street, 1820 Gordon Street, Thank you. Joanna Olesiuk, M.A.Sc., C. Tech. Senior Technical Specialist GM BluePlan Engineering Limited 650 Woodlawn Road West, Block C, Unit 2 \| Guelph ON N1K 1B8 t: 519.824.8150 ext. 1263 \| c: 519.239.3160 [email protected] \| www.gmblueplan.ca NOTICE - This message from GM BluePlan Engineering Limited is intended only for the use of the individual or entity to which it is addressed and may contain information which is privileged, confidential or proprietary. Internet communications cannot be guaranteed to be secure or error-free as information could be intercepted, corrupted, lost, arrive late or contain viruses. By communicating with us via e-mail, you accept such risks. When addressed to our clients, any information, drawings, opinions or advice (collectively, "information") contained in this e-mail is subject to the terms and conditions expressed in the governing agreements. Where no such agreement exists, the recipient shall neither rely upon nor disclose to others, such information without our written consent. Unless otherwise agreed, we do not assume any liability with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information set out in this e-mail. If you have received this message in error, please notify us immediately by return e-mail and delete the message from your computer systems. This electronic message and any attached documents are intended only for the named recipients. This communication from the Technical Standards and Safety Authority may contain information that is privileged, confidential or otherwise protected from disclosure and it must not be disclosed, copied, forwarded or distributed without authorization. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete the original message. This electronic message and any attached documents are intended only for the named recipients. This communication from the Technical Standards and Safety Authority may contain information that is privileged, confidential or otherwise protected from disclosure and it must not be disclosed, copied, forwarded or distributed without authorization. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete the original message. This electronic message and any attached documents are intended only for the named recipients. This communication from the Technical Standards and Safety Authority may contain information that is privileged, confidential or otherwise protected from disclosure and it must not be disclosed, copied, forwarded or distributed without authorization. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete the original message. Hello Joanna, Thank you for your inquiry. I have searched our database and can confirm that the incident at 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph (Incident No. 243962) is a pipeline/natural gas incident. We confirm that there are no records in our database of any fuel storage tanks/retail facilities (ex. gas station) at the subject address. Although TSSA believes the information provided pursuant to your request is accurate, please note that TSSA does not warrant this information in any way whatsoever. Kind regards, Yalini Yalini Kanagendran \| Public Information Agent Facilities 345 Carlingview Drive Toronto, Ontario M9W 6N9 Tel: +1-416-734-3449 \| Fax: +1-416-231-6183 \| E-Mail: [email protected] www.tssa.org APPENDIX F: City of Guelph Zoning Information CITY OF GUELPH BY-LAW (1995) - 14864 As last amended by By-law (2016) - 20036 SCHEDULE 'A' Produced by the City of Guelph Planning Services CITY OF GUELPH BY-LAW (1995) - 14864 As last amended by By-law (2010) - 19063 SCHEDULE 'A' Produced by the City of Guelph Community Design and Development Services, Planning Services APPENDIX G: Selected Site Photographs Photograph 1: View of the 1871 Gordon Street property from Gordon Street, looking south. Photograph 2: View of the 1879 Gordon Street property from Gordon Street, looking south. Photograph 3: View of the rear of the 1879 Gordon Street residence, looking northeast. Photograph 4: View of the rear of the 1871 Gordon Street residence, looking southeast. Photograph 5: View inside the utility room, 1871 Gordon Street residence. Photograph 6: View inside the furnace room, 1871 Gordon Street residence. Photograph 7: View inside the well equipment room, 1879 Gordon Street residence. 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Discover and enjoy Torroella de Montgrí and l'Estartit Torroella · l'Estartit · illes Medes www.visitestartit.com ## Situation ### Credits Edited by: Ajuntament de Torroella de Montgrí Address: plaça de la Vila, 1 - 17257 Torroella de Montgrí Coordinated by: Àrea de Turisme Graphic design and layout: dafont comunicació creativa Photographs made by: Toni León, Àlex Lorente, Alex Soler, Dani Escrig i Rosa Mayordomo, Josep Pasqual, Jordi Garrero i Farrux de l’Ajuntament de Torroella de Montgrí. Page 9: painting of Josep Maria Mascort. Printed by: Norgprint, SA Legal Deposit: GI-452-2011 Torroella de Montgrí – L’Estartit, embodies the very essence of its county, the Baix Empordà. Torroella de Montgrí is a former royal town located at the foot of the calcareous Montgrí Massif, surrounded by crop fields and vegetable gardens irrigated by the final stretches of the River Ter. L’Estartit, on the coast, is one of the best tourist resorts on the Costa Brava, with the Mediterranean Sea and the Medes Islands as a backdrop to its unbeatable setting. Blue sea meets Nature’s green in this privileged environment. Carall Bernat Islet, one of the Medes islands Montgrí Castle is 302 metres above sea level. Travel back through time in the blink of an eye. Torroella de Montgrí is a town with personality, and is an ideal place to spend an enjoyable stay at any time of the year. Visitors can picture the different periods of history that have left their mark on the town from architectural vestiges that make us travel back through time in the blink of an eye. The main streets of Torroella all converge on Plaça de la Vila, the lively Monday morning marketplace, the departure point for street parades announcing forthcoming entertainment, and an ideal stage for traditional sardana dancing. Its excellent acoustics make this the perfect open-air venue for summer concerts during the prestigious annual International Music Festival. The Plaça de la Vila is a porticoed square with irregularly shaped arches combining to form a pleasing whole. By standing under each of the arches in turn, the visitor will perceive curiously different aspects of the square. A relaxing stroll around old Torroella will allow you to savour all the charm of this town. The whimsical layout of its narrow streets, the impressive medieval centre, the rich cultural life, the friendly shops and the affable character of the people will make you enjoy your stay with us all the more. Itinerary through Torroella - 01 Museum of the Mediterranean - 02 Plaça de la Vila - 03 Cloister of the Agustine monastery - 04 Palau Solterra - 05 Fundació Mascort - 06 A Further up there are also two houses from the 16th and 17th centuries: the Bataller House at number 19 and the Seguer House at number 31. There is also a 19th-century colonial-style mansion, the Comas House. - 06 B - 06 C - 07 Passeig de l’Església - 08 Palau lo Mirador - 09 Church of Sant Genís - 10 Santa Caterina Gateway - 11 Torre de les Bruixes (“Witches’ tower”) - 12 Plaça d’Albert de Quintana i Combis Recommended starting point Montgrí Castle is today the symbol of Torroella de Montgrí. The uncompleted fortress was built between 1294 and 1301 to flaunt the superiority of King Jaume II over the local Counts of Empúries, and affords excellent views of the spectacular surrounding landscape. From the top of one of its towers there is a 360º panoramic view of the whole Empordà area. By looking northwards and turning slowly in an anti-clockwise direction you will see the Bay of Roses, Empúries, Canigó Massif, the Pyrenees, Montseny Massif, the Gavarres Mountains, the Baix Ter and l’Estartit Bay with the Medes Islands. Suggested itinerary Montgrí Castle, Santa Caterina hermitage, Cau del Duc cave. Departure from Torroella de Montgrí. Leave your car in the car park and continue on foot from Plaça del Lledoner. Go up Carrer de Fàtima, and at the end of this street you will see a sign indicating Montgrí Castle. From here on, follow the red and white markings on stones along the way. When you reach the large cross, you can either continue on down through the valley towards Santa Caterina hermitage or follow the path up to the right until you get to the castle. About 50 m before the top, you will see an indication to Cau del Duc cave. Panoramic view of the Empordà! Vista of Canigó, Montseny and Gavarres mountain ranges from the top, with the Medes islands nearby. Our municipality boasts a rich and varied cultural life, with music as the most present of all the arts. Our musical heritage comes from way back and we can be truly proud of this rich tradition. The town has a comprehensive annual programme of musical recitals, concerts and sardana dancing, as well as the prestigious summer International Music Festival. It is also a town of painters, sculptors, writers and photographers, with a dynamic cultural scene that has attracted several private foundations and art galleries: Vila Casas Foundation, Mascort Foundation, Michael Dunev Art Projects, Atrium Roca Sans and Traç d’Art (l’Estartit), and municipal spaces such as St Anthony’s Chapel in Torroella and the Municipal Exhibition Hall in l’Estartit. Art, music and heritage place Torroella de Montgrí and l’Estartit among the major cultural destinations of Catalonia. The Museum of the Mediterranean opens its doors for you to discover and explore the Mediterranean area, taking the Montgrí Massif, the Baix Ter Plain and the Medes Islands as the starting point. A hands-on experience, inviting young and old alike to breathe in the aromas of the Mediterranean, listen to its sounds and its music, get in touch with its history and enjoy a panoramic audiovisual on the Mediterranean area today. The Museum also houses the Interpretation Centre for the Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Nature Park. The Museum of the Mediterranean provides a clear example of our commitment to local culture. Since 2003, its aim is to interpret, disseminate and protect the natural and historic legacy of the Montgrí Massif, the Baix Ter and the Medes Islands. Discover the history of l'Estartit L'Estartit is a privileged place. The variety of different landscapes, the long beach, and the tourism, shopping and leisure opportunities make this Costa Brava area an ideal spot for enjoying pleasant, comfortable holidays at any time of the year. Strolling through the narrow streets or along lively Carrer de Santa Anna, visitors can imagine the pace of life in former times, the seafaring traditions, the old sailors' taverns and the picturesque processions on religious feast days that can still be seen today. Rediscover the history of a seafaring town and stroll around the main places that made l'Estartit into one of the major fishing towns on the Costa Brava. Enjoy a pleasant stroll around l'Estartit and find out about the history and age-old traditions of this fishing village. The Medes Islands archipelago is part of the Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Nature Park. The beauty of the archipelago can be seen from the coast. Major flora and fauna reserve. The Medes archipelago, with seven islets and a surface area of about 23 hectares, is located just a mile off the coast in front of l’Estartit beach. The Medes Islands are today one of the most important marine flora and fauna reserves in the western Mediterranean, as well as being a popular scuba diving destination. Twenty years of protection have brought about a spectacular recovery of the wealth of the seabed, the marine environment and the islands themselves. Companies operating in the area offer attractive trips in glass-bottomed boats around the islands and along the equally stunning Montgrí coast. The wide range of water and underwater activities available must comply with the regulations that have enabled the preservation of this natural space. Coves and beaches Fine sandy beaches, peaceful coves and spectacular cliffs. In l'Estartit, you can enjoy the sun and the beach, rambling and hiking, Nature Park itineraries, leisure activities and water sports for all the family. Fine sand, shallow waters, peace and quiet... Resting at a cove after a walk La foradada Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Nature Park Our municipality's quality brand is Nature, whose ageless generosity can be seen in mountain, valley, river, orchards, wetlands, beaches, coves, dunes and islands. With the passing of time, the equilibrium between man and the land has become fragile, and we have had to provide the means to restore this precious balance. The newly created Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Nature Park is now making this possible. Torroella de Montgrí includes 68% of the total Nature Park area of 8192 hectares (23% marine area and 77% land area). The new Nature Park highlights interesting features of the Montgrí area, the Medes Islands and the Baix Ter wetlands, and has ensured the future of the landscape, the land and marine habitats, and the cultural heritage of the area. Project of Montgrí, Medes islands and Baix Ter Natur Park O-1 e. 1:25.000 Boundaries and types of protection (Topography) Generalitat de Catalunya Departament de Medi Ambient i Habitatge Direcció General del Medi Natural Març 2010 Sistema d'informació ambiental de Catalunya Cartografia de referència: Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Nature Park Passeig del Port, s/n (espigó de Llevant) 17258 L'Estartit Tel. +34 972 75 17 01 Fax +34 972 75 20 04 [email protected] www.gencat.cat/parc/illes_medes/ 17 itineraries through the park and a wide variety of natural and cultural landscapes Where can we find information on the Nature Park? You will find interesting suggestions for exploring the local nature spaces at the Museum of the Mediterranean information desk and at the Tourist Offices in l’Estartit and Torroella de Montgrí. Itineraries are available to help you find your way round the Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Nature Park and enjoy the natural landscapes with their thousand-year-old cultural legacy. SPORT and leisure what can we do? An ideal environment for enjoying many different sports Kitesurf Diving at the Medes Islands 20 The rich variety of landscapes in our territory offers visitors a wide range of sport and leisure activities. The network of hiking, cycling and ATB trails is now one of the star attractions of our tourist amenities; pleasant walks and guided visits are other ways to discover the beauty spots in the area. The Medes Islands and the unspoiled coast of the Montgrí Massif are a true paradise. The different water depths provide diving opportunities for both amateurs and professionals, and a unique display of colours... meadows of Neptune grass, forests of gorgonia, corals, grouper, lobster and many other species. Diving centres and leisure activity firms offer a range of options, including dives, snorkelling and trips in glass-bottomed boats. The marina is located right beside the town centre, ideal for all types of maritime activities (sailing, kayaking, kite-surfing) as well as international sailing and underwater contests and competitions. L’Estartit-Medes Islands Water Sports Resort encompasses accommodation, restaurants, shops as well as companies offering sports and watersports activities. Many different sport and leisure activities offer you maximum enjoyment during your stay. For further information: www.enestartit.com. shopping and cuisine "Cooking with Apples" (in October) Torroella market on the streets and squares in the town centre Nearby shops, homemade products, friendly service and a cordial atmosphere: visitors will find a wide range of shopping opportunities in both the old and new districts of Torroella, and in the areas around Carrer de Santa Anna, Passeig Marítim and Avinguda de Grècia in l'Estartit. Long-established weekly markets are held every Monday in Torroella and every Thursday in l'Estartit. The lively stalls selling fruit, vegetables, good-quality organic products, clothes and traditional utensils attract crowds to enjoy this time-honoured activity. Good meals, home cooking, creative cuisine, enthusiastic restaurants serving a wide range of homemade dishes to suit all tastes ... our local fare has found its place on the Catalan Gastronomic Calendar with “Shellfish: A Taste of the Sea” in June and “Cooking with Apples” in October. Enjoy typical local products at the many restaurants in the area “Shellfish: A Taste of the Sea” (in June) Fairs and festivals have always played a vital role in our local culture, and this legacy has been handed down to us in the present day, with time-honoured fairs and festivals, fiestas and street parties, sardana dancing, sea shanty concerts, parades of traditional “giants”, maritime processions, and everything else that gives a town its personality and identifies it with its roots. Other more innovative festivals are slowly but surely attracting their own public: Mediterranean Fair, Comic Book Festival, Beatles Weekend and Medes Islands Pirates and Corsairs. Calendar of fairs and festivals Torroella de Montgrí - l'Estartit - Parade of the Three Wise Men \| 5th and 6th January - Carnival - Saint George's Day \| 23rd April - Catalonia National Day \| 11th September Torroella de Montgrí - Saint Genesius' Day \| 25th August - Saint Caterines Day \| 25th November - Saint Andrew's Fair \| Last weekend of November l'Estartit - Saint John's Eve \| 23rd June - Carmel Festival \| 16th July - Saint Anna's Day \| 26th July - Saint Lucia \| 13th December Other festivals Torroella de Montgrí - l'Estartit - Mediterranean Fair \| May - Comic Book Festival \| June Torroella de Montgrí - International Music Festival \| July and August l'Estartit - Medes Island Image and Environment - MIMA \| June - Beatles Weekend \| July - Medes Islands Pirates and Corsairs \| September The schedule of activities may be subject to change. You consult always www.visitestartit.com The municipality is firmly committed to ensuring the quality of its tourism services by means of internationally recognised systems and certificates: Quality certificates for our beaches: - “Q” \| Quality Tourism Certificate - ISO 9001 \| Quality Management System - ISO 14001 \| Environmental Management System - EMAS \| Environmental Management System Quality certificates for our destination - DTF \| The Family Tourism Destination certificate guarantees that the tourism on offer is adapted to family requirements, with a large variety of leisure and entertainment options available. - SICTED \| Comprehensive Quality System for Tourist Destinations Torroella de Montgrí Torroella de Montgrí and l’Estartit Town Hall www.torroella-estartit.cat Museum of the Mediterranean www.museudelamediterrania.cat Torroella de Montgrí International Music Festival www.festivaldotorroella.com Montgrí Comerc www.montricomerc.com L'Estartit Conseil Municipal de l'Estartit www.torroella-estartit.cat Nautical Station l'Estartit-illes Medes www.enestarlit.com Montgrí, Medes islands and Baix Ter Natur Park www.gencat.cat/pars/illes_medes To obtain more information and the details of the companies and services offering activities in l'Estartit and Torroella, please contact: L'Estartit Tourist Office Passeig Marítim, s/n · 17258 l'Estartit Tel. +34 972 75 19 10 · Fax +34 972 75 17 49 [email protected] www.visitestartit.com Torroella de Montgrí Tourist Office Carrer d'Ullà, 31 · 17257 Torroella de Montgrí Tel. +34 972 75 51 80 · Fax +34 972 75 51 82 [email protected] www.museudelamediterrania.cat Ajuntament de Torroella de Montgrí Consell Municipal de l'Estartit G! 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INNER HEBRIDES & ORKNEY WHOLE SYSTEM UNCERTAINTY MECHANISM 19th October 2023 AGENDA • Introductions – 5mins • Setting the scene – 10mins • Taking a whole system approach – 10mins • High level options – 10mins • Next steps – 5mins SETTING THE SCENE Landel Johnston, Head of RIIO-ED2 Non-Load, CBRM Lead SSEN OVERVIEW OUR DISTRIBUTION NETWORK AT A GLANCE - Over 3.9 million homes and businesses - More than 888,000 customers on our Priority Services Register - Over 128,000 km of overhead lines and underground cables - Over 460 km of subsea cables powering our island communities - Over 4,100 employees across the country Figures as at October 2023 SHEPD overview - Underground cables: 18,943 km - Overhead lines: 30,209 km - Customers: 782,536 - PSR customers: 156,938 - Island communities: 59 islands served by 111 subsea cables SHEPD Scottish Hydro Electric Power Distribution Plc SEPD Southern Electric Power Distribution Plc The Orkney Islands are supplied by SSEN’s Distribution network from Thurso South GSP via two 33kV circuits. The 33kV circuits consist of overhead lines, underground cables and subsea cables. The 33kV network on the Orkney islands is fed from Scorradale GSP, connecting the various islands through a mixture of ring and radial circuits. There is currently no Transmission network on the islands. To ensure security of supplies in the event of the loss of either of the 33kV circuits feeding the islands, SSE Networks Distribution owns and operates Kirkwall Diesel Power Station to manage the demand on the islands in fault scenarios. 24 local generators are currently distribution-connected via an Active Network Management (ANM) system to ensure that the network is kept within rated capacity. There are also a number of Primary substations on the islands that support the 11kV network. The islands of Kerrera and Mull, are supplied by SSEN’s Distribution network via two 33kV circuits from Tullich Switching Station, near Oban. The 33kV circuits consist of overhead lines, underground cables and subsea cables. There is also a third 33kV supply to the islands that connects to the Fort William network, acting as a backup supply in fault scenarios. There is no Transmission network on the island group. A 33kV ring operates on the isle of Mull which supports a number of Primary substations (Lochdonhead, Salen, Dervaig, & Kinloch). These in turn support the isles of Iona, Ulva, Coll and Tiree via the 11kV network. These networks are radially fed, and similarly consist of overhead lines, underground cables and subsea cables. SSEN Distribution also own and operate a 2.7MW Diesel Power Station on Tiree to support the Tiree and Coll in the event of a fault on the 11kV network. The isles of Jura and Islay are supplied by SSE Networks’ Distribution network from Port Ann GSP by a single 33kV circuit out of Lochgilphead switching station. This radial circuit consists of overhead lines, underground cables and subsea cables. The isle of Colonsay is supplied by a single 11kV circuit out of Port Askaig Primary. There is no transmission network on the island group. The 33kV radial circuit on the island group supports five 11kV Primary substations. Lussagiven and Tarbet Primaries on Jura and Port Askaig, Bowmore and Port Ellen Primaries on Islay. This network is made up of a composition of underground cables and overhead lines. SSEN Distribution also own and operate a 6MW Diesel Power Station at Bowmore on Islay to support demand on the island and provide redundancy in the event of a fault on the 33kV / 11kV network. DRIVERS FOR CHANGE Asset condition – many of the sub-sea cables are around 40 years old and there have been a number of recent faults on similar vintage cables. Diesel generators – these are a significant source of carbon emissions for SSE and need to be decarbonised by 2035. Load growth – electrification of heat, transport and industrial processes will increase demand on the islands. Generation growth – the Inner Hebrides, Orkney and surrounding waters have significant potential for wind, tidal and other generation technologies. System resilience – repairs to cable faults can take a significant period of time and there is a need to ensure we are able to keep the lights on to island communities particularly as diesel generators are phased out. ## THE JOURNEY TO DATE \| Aspect \| Recap \| \|---------------------------------------------\|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\| \| History, and driver for HOWSUM mechanism \| • In our ED2 Business Plan, we proposed targeted investments in 15 subsea cables with the greatest needs case. In addition, we proposed several strategic upgrades, with three new cables between Skye and Uist, and Pentland Firth West to Orkney proposed. • In April 2022, we agreed with Ofgem to transfer a number of these strategic upgrades (including one of the Skye to Uist cables), to be funded instead under the HOWSUM pending additional whole system analysis for island groups. In Final Determinations, Ofgem removed the second Skye to Uist cable from our baseline, also to be funded through HOWSUM. We received an allowance in our baseline to start work on HOWSUM cables. \| \| Underlying drivers for island investment \| • Primarily proactive cable replacement where appropriate, taking account of asset age, health index and criticality scores, as well as enabling sustainable security of supply in a net zero world. \| \| Regulatory provision \| • Two re-opener windows: (1) January 2024, (2) January 2025 • Broad eligibility scope encompassing investment in cables and other means of securing of supply in the Hebrides and Orkney (and potentially wider geographic area), where underpinned and justified on the basis of whole system analysis. \| Orkney 220kV HVAC link overview Finstown Substation • 220/132kV AC Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) transmission substation including 132/33kV transformers for the Finstown Grid Supply Point (GSP) • Planning consent granted for the substation Single Cable Circuit from Finstown to Dounreay • 14km underground cable to the Finstown Substation • 53km submarine cable reaching landfall near Warebeth Mainland Dounreay West Substation • 275/220kV substation connecting to the nearby existing Dounreay Substation Energisation planned 2028 For further information please visit: ssen-transmission.co.uk/projects TAKING A WHOLE SYSTEM APPROACH Andy Wainwright, Whole System Manager • Work carried out by NERA estimates that taking a strategic approach to investment could create a societal benefit to our customers of £1.1bn by 2050. • ESC estimate four times the number of Local Authorities are now developing energy plans compared to two years ago • Ofgem has recognised the need at transmission and introduced the new Accelerated Strategic Transmission Investment (ASTI) framework. Distribution should seek to meet the same aims, with a distribution specific solution. • RIIO-ED2 introduced potential funding routes for anticipatory investment through Uncertainty Mechanisms, but without clarity on how such investment should be defined and justified. Strategic investment enables enhanced capacity on the Distribution System to be deployed in the short term in anticipation of expected longer term need. There are several benefits of strategic investment; - Quicker connections for developers of demand and generation - Development and delivery efficiencies; doing work once rather than multiple times, and giving supply chains sufficient visibility to tool up - Reduced carbon costs through connection of zero carbon generation We need to consider the future needs of the networks both for generation and demand. We also need to consider long term energy resilience for the islands. High level options need to consider a wide range of solutions to ensure we are developing an efficient and robust network for the future these include; - Development of the distribution network to provide resilience and capacity - Extension of the transmission system if required to provide greater capacity and resilience - Use of non-network options including repowering / replacing diesel generators, or introducing long term storage - Use of flexibility services to manage peaks and troughs in demand DEVELOPING HIGH LEVEL OPTIONS Andy Harvey, Strategic Network Development Engineer OPTIONEERING STRUCTURE 01 Future energy requirements on islands; potential Regen work 02 High level options 03 Credible options technically assessed 04 Cost-benefit analysis of technically feasible options 05 Proposed solution There are a number of underlying assumptions that are common to the way we develop options for Scottish Islands; - Network investment requirements could be distribution or transmission depending on future needs. - Flexibility can be used to defer or reduce the need for investment in networks. Additionally, the transmission 220kV HVAC circuit to Orkney will commission and be available from 2028. We have taken a high-level qualitative assessment of the drivers for change and assessed the need case for each driver. \| Driver \| Timescale required \| Breadth of options available \| Certainty of need \| \|-------------------------------\|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|-----------------------------------\| \| Asset replacement \| Asset condition information indicates cables are life expired and need replacement in x years \| Network will be needed to islands; uncertainty around capacity needed. \| Need case is clear. \| \| Diesel generation replacement \| Replacement by 2035 at latest \| Range of options available including repowering diesels and storage. Also potential for additional network resilience. \| Need case is clear. \| \| Demand growth \| Need to consider demand requirements to 2045 \| Uncertainty around capacity needed. \| Need case can be based from DFES projections. Does carry some uncertainty. \| \| Generation growth \| Need to consider generation requirements to 2045 \| Uncertainty around capacity needed. \| Need case less clear though there are DFES projections. \| \| Continued resilience \| To be in place ahead of potential diesel generation replacement \| Range of options available including repowering diesels and storage. Also potential for additional network resilience. \| Need case is clear \| MANAGING UNCERTAINTY – UNDERSTANDING LONG TERM DEMAND AND GENERATION REQUIREMENTS - DFES forecasts the growth of different technologies across the distribution network - These forecasts are used to justify network investment - Ensures the network is ready for the connection of LCTs, DERs, Generation etc. - The Whole System team works with Local Authorities to support development of local area energy plans across our licence areas - These plans are used to inform the DFES, improve the quality of growth forecasts, facilitate anticipatory investment in the network - North of Scotland round-table held on 11th October. Feedback and input is currently being collated to help inform our 2022 DFES. - This will be further informed by the insights we obtained from our dedicated Islands roundtable on 10th October. Options under consideration for future needs of the Inner Hebrides and Orkney; - Repowering of diesel generators - Use of storage technologies on the islands - Network reinforcement - Use of flexibility - Combination of elements PLEASE JOIN IN WITH SLIDO slido Join at slido.com #WS1910 We have taken a high-level qualitative assessment of the drivers for change and assessed the need case for each driver. \| Driver \| Timescale required \| Breadth of options available \| Certainty of need \| \|-------------------------------\|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|-----------------------------------\| \| Asset replacement \| Asset condition information indicates cables are life expired and need replacement in x years \| Network will be needed to islands; uncertainty around capacity needed. \| Need case is clear. \| \| Diesel generation replacement\| Replacement by 2035 at latest \| Range of options available including repowering diesels and storage. Also potential for additional network resilience. \| Need case is clear. \| \| Demand growth \| Need to consider demand requirements to 2045 \| Uncertainty around capacity needed. \| Need case can be based from DFES projections. Does carry some uncertainty. \| \| Generation growth \| Need to consider generation requirements to 2045 \| Uncertainty around capacity needed. \| Need case less clear though there are DFES projections. \| \| Continued resilience \| To be in place ahead of potential diesel generation replacement \| Range of options available including repowering diesels and storage. Also potential for additional network resilience. \| Need case is clear \| How do you feel about the following statement "SSEN have assessed the options for each driver appropriately". Are there other factors you think we should consider when assessing options for each driver? Options under consideration for future needs of the Inner Hebrides and Orkney; - Repowering of diesel generators - Use of storage technologies on the islands - Network reinforcement - Use of flexibility - Combination of elements Thinking about the options under consideration for the long term resilience of the Inner Hebrides and Orkney, please rank them in order of preference. And finally, are there any other options you think we should consider? NEXT STEPS CURRENT PROJECT TIMELINE - Q4 2023: Whole system optioneering - Q1 2024: Stakeholder engagement - Q2 2024: Submission cost derivation - Q3 2024: Deliverability assessment - Q4 2024: Ofgem engagement - Q1 2025: Submission drafting Jan 2025 submission window THANK YOU [email protected]	9e70490d-5db3-4041-8ac7-23a4cea6b47f	CC-MAIN-2024-18	https://www.ssen.co.uk/globalassets/about-us/projects-and-live-works/howsum/inner-hebrides-and-orkney-slide-pack-19th-october-2023.pdf	2024-04-22T12:47:32+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-18/subset=warc/part-00021-29538f81-5664-4df2-acb6-7d8ba3d2a1aa.c000.gz.parquet	896,224,474	2,941	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.855098	eng_Latn	0.992606	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "slv_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "dan_Latn", "unknown" ]	true	docling	[ 77, 232, 306, 941, 1340, 1835, 2256, 2737, 3128, 3591, 4351, 6196, 6804, 6875, 7552, 8033, 8699, 8783, 9012, 9414, 11407, 12223, 12454, 12514, 14502, 14613, 14707, 14938, 15090, 15162, 15174, 15434, 15477 ]
The Samuel Johnson Birthplace Museum & Bookshop Forward Plan 2021 - 2024 1. Introduction 1.1 Introduction to the Forward Plan The Samuel Johnson Birthplace Museum (SJBM) in Lichfield is a Grade I listed 18th century townhouse which has been open to the public as a museum dedicated to Samuel Johnson since 1901. The SJBM Forward Plan details the current situation of SJBM, reviews the previous plan and states the aims and objectives for SJBM over the coming three-year period, drawing on consultation with users. The plan is considered by the Johnson Birthplace Advisory Committee (JBAC) of Lichfield City Council (LCC), the minutes of which are approved by full council (see 4.1). The aims and objectives are updated annually and presented to the Committee, and the full plan updated every three years. 1.2 Museum statement of purpose The covenant under which the building was acquired in 1900 remains our fundamental mission: “…to remain in perpetuity as a memorial to the life, work and personality of Samuel Johnson, his Lichfield connections and his friends and contemporaries.” The Birthplace Trust, established in 1974, expanded this to refer to the care of the building and provision of a public service: “…to preserve the Birthplace as a place for historic interest and to maintain the same as a public museum and for public exhibitions.” 1.3 Development of this Plan The SJBM Forward Plan 2021-24 has been updated using the following sources: previous Forward plans, external reports including access audits and consultant’s review and action plan (incorporating volunteer and committee consultation); user comments taken from visitor books, comments boxes, exit surveys and online reviews; consultation session with Museum Attendant staff, and minutes of JBAC meetings. 1.4 Monitoring this Plan Progress towards the actions identified in this plan will be monitored in monthly reports by the Museums & Heritage Officer (MHO) to LCC, and at the bi-annual JBAC meeting. Implementation of the plan is the responsibility of the MHO and milestones will be set to measure progress. 1.5 Related Documents Related SJBM policy, procedure and plans are identified in this document. Documents are checked annually and updated on a rolling programme. Policy items requiring governing body approval to meet Accreditation guidelines are periodically presented to the JBAC. 2. Review of Forward Plan 2018-2021 2.1 The Impact of Covid-19 in 2020-2021 SJBM had two periods of closure in 2020-2021: March 18 – July 13 and November 5 onwards. In the 20-21 reporting period the Museum was open for 98 days, 27% of normal annual opening. 1,653 visitors attended during the open period, 18.5% of visitor numbers attending in the same period in 19-20 and 8% of normal annual numbers. Lost income was uplifted by receipt of closed business grants which represented 62% of the anticipated generated income. SJBM staff members worked from home during closure and continued to engage with audiences virtually. However, it is recognised that closure and restricted numbers had a significant impact on progress in several strategic areas, particularly in the timetable for the Birthplace Development Project (see 3) and in activities such as increasing bookshop income, hosting events and increasing numbers of guided tours and school visits. 2.2 Work completed since 2018 Selection of key projects implementing last plan, grouped by Strategic Aim: \| Strategic Aim \| Achievements \| \|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\| \| Operate to a high professional standard, making the best use of available resources \| First full reporting period with Administrative support post New digital cash register for bookshop New volunteering and placement relationships with South Staffordshire College, Landau Forte Academy Tamworth and Netherstowe School and attendance at 16-21 volunteering fairs Increase in visitor numbers (before COVID-19 closure) and in school and group visits Selected as a finalist in the West Midlands Museum volunteering awards 2018 Funding awarded for membership to Association of Cultural Enterprises \| \| Build and diversify our audiences and respond to user consultation \| New advertising literature for Group bookings Significant growth in social media use and audience, and introduction of Instagram presence Venue partner in L2F Folk Festival, Lichfield Literature Festival and Lichfield Library summer family activities. Bronze award for ‘Best Small Visitor Attraction’ at Enjoy Staffordshire awards, 2019 AHRC Funded Book History Project Weekends in collaboration with Keele University Collaborative Doctoral Award Project with North West Consortium (Keele and Liverpool University partners) from 2020-2023 Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Champions training and Welcoming Neurodivergent visitors access audit \| \| Develop access to the Museum and collection \| Significant progress on Birthplace Development Project Online collection search and blog launched Wood Library project with Keele university placement and new resources for researchers Loans to Lichfield Cathedral exhibitions \| \| Care for the Museum building and collection \| Minor repair works identified in Quinquennial inspection carried out Off-site collection store established at Donegal House, significantly improving collection care, storage and workspace Documentation Plan targets to meet basic standards completed Conservation undertaken on selected library items and the Museum clocks Upgraded CCTV system and additional pump added to heating \| 3. Development Project The last full re-display of the Birthplace was in 1989/1990. In 2005 the Dictionary Room was redisplayed, representing the only significant change to interpretation in the last 30 years. In 2005 the Birthplace received 3,200 annual visitors. Now with over 20,000 visitors in a normal year, LCC is keen to ensure that the changing needs and expectations of museum visitors, new approaches to museum interpretation and access, and knowledge about caring for a collection and historic building are represented. In 2016 the JBAC committed to a redevelopment project and LCC provided funding for the recruitment of a consultant to review the Birthplace. Susan Dalloe Consultancy carried out this work in 2018-2019 and provided a report which formed the foundation of a planned programme of development. In 2019-2020 further LCC funding supported initial Architects plans and conversations were held with Historic England and the local Conservation Officer, the MHO gathered quotations to build a project budget and made an initial approach to the National Lottery Heritage Fund, who recommended further work on the project proposal. In 2020-2021 an updated proposal was approved, shortly before the Heritage Fund closed during the COVID-19 pandemic. In November 2020 a new approach to the project, divided into stages, was approved by the JBAC and LCC provided funding for a toilet block to be built and pilot room redevelopment undertaken in 2021/22. Subject to further funding being approved, phases in 22/23 and 22/24 will see wheelchair access to the ground floor established and related adaptations to the bookshop, and the introductory film presentation relocated to the Parlour. The library and research spaces will be refurbished using Birthplace Trust funds (see 4.2). Fundraising and planning to re-display the remaining rooms will also be undertaken within the scope of the current Forward Plan. The Development project contributes significantly to all four of SJBM’s Strategic Aims by increasing sustainability and income generation opportunities, creating new opportunities for community involvement and increasing appeal to local visitors, improving access to and care of collections, and caring for the long-term future of the Museum. Specifically, the project will: - Create wheelchair access to the ground floor, virtual access to upper floors and an accessible toilet. - Replace Museum displays to enable better care of collections (removing acidic mounts and adjusting light levels) and to allow more of our collection to be seen, including local history and diverse stories (e.g. women’s history, Johnson’s health, and his Jamaican heir Francis Barber) - Develop the Kitchen and Bookbinding workshop displays into interactive spaces in collaboration with users with learning disabilities. - Create an education programme for secondary age students, review our existing primary visit, and improve our library study area. - Improve our event, education and hire space to ensure that we will be more resilient. - Develop a programme of events in consultation with users and non-users to appeal to local audiences. - Train staff and volunteers on welcoming disabled and neurodivergent audiences. - Diversify our team and involve our community by creating new, flexible volunteering opportunities. - Improve our external appearance contributing positively to the local street scene. 4. Situation Review 4.1 Governance & Organisational Structure The SJBM building and its collection are vested in the Dr Johnson Birthplace Trust (registered charity 500046), of which LCC is the sole trustee. The administration of the Museum, including the employment of staff, is undertaken directly by the Council through its powers under sections 144 and 145 of the Local Government Act 1972. The Museums & Heritage Officer (MHO) reports to the Town Clerk of LCC and represents SJBM at Birthplace Advisory Committee meetings. 4.2 Funding & Income generation LCC provides funding to cover the annual operating costs of SJBM (see Table 1). There is no expectation that LCC funding will be reduced or withdrawn in the further periods covered by the current Forward Plan. Dr Johnson’s Birthplace Trust has a separate account containing funds ring-fenced for collections projects. This comprises remaining monies from the Blum Book Fund established in the 1990s, plus a further gift received from the Blum family in 2020 to be used for book acquisitions, collections care and library projects. The balance in March 2021 was £13,483. The Johnson Society of Lichfield also holds a small amount of funds to which SJBM can apply, transferred from the dissolved Friends of the Johnson Birthplace in 2013. £700 remained in March 2021. Free admission for standard entry was introduced in 2005 and donations and events admissions quickly surpassed income generated from the Museum admission charge. SJBM also runs a book and souvenir shop, in the same room from which the Johnson family bookshop operated from 1708. In 2019/20 the average spend per head overall was £1.06 (70p shop sales, 36p donations). Although Museum income has increased considerably in recent years, a number of goals remain for increasing income generation (see Section 5.1a) \| Table 1: Net Expenditure \| Budget \| Revised Estimate \| 21/22 Budget \| \|--------------------------\|--------\|------------------\|--------------\| \| Employee costs \| 72,813 \| 88,010 \| 93,378 \| \| Central administration \| 13,871 \| 11,491 \| 12,380 \| \| (inc. insurance) \| \| \| \| \| Repair & Maintenance \| 7,870 \| 7,870 \| 8,030 \| \| Energy \| 3,350 \| 3,440 \| 3,420 \| \| Rates & Water \| 670 \| 320 \| 690 \| \| Supplies & Services \| 17,970 \| 10,290 \| 17,970 \| \| Promotion \| 2,000 \| 1,000 \| 2,000 \| \| Project Development \| 7,500 \| 7,500 \| 0* \| \| Sales (net) income \| -6,710 \| -3,017 \| -6,710 \| \| Admissions income \| -3,280 \| -0 \| -3,280 \| \| Grants/Donations income* \| -7,730 \| -14,343 \| -7,730 \| \| Net Expenditure \| 108,324\| 112,561 \| 120,148 \| * £75,000 budget for Development Phase 1 included in separate R&R budget includes £11,003 in closed business grants received during COVID-19 pandemic 4.3 Staff & Volunteers 7 staff members (2.8 full-time equivalent) are employed by LCC. SJBM is led by a full-time MHO for 37 hours a week, supported by a part-time Museum Support Officer (MSO) for 22 hours per week (extended to 29 hours by a two-year fixed-term contract in 2020). The MSO post was created in 2017, acknowledging that there had been no increase to levels of staffing at the Museum since the early 2000s despite significant growth to visitor numbers, activities, and partnerships. A rota of five part-time Museum Attendants welcome visitors and staff the bookshop during public opening hours (equivalent to 35 hours a week November - February, 45.5 hours March-October) plus occasional cover at events, tours and school visits. A cleaner is contracted for 4.5 hours per week. A team of 10 volunteers support SJBM for an average of 20 hours in total per week, assisting with collections documentation, care and research, running clubs and groups and special events such as family activity sessions. Role descriptions, a Volunteer Agreement and handbook are provided. Attendants complete induction training, ‘Welcome to Excellence’ training and a culture of customer care is maintained through regular informal refresher training, checklists and a customer care charter. In-house training sessions are held periodically with training needs identified in consultation with team members. The Deputy Town Clerk at LCC is the organisational lead for Health and Safety matters, and SJBM staff are supported by the employment policies of LCC, including LCC’s Equal Opportunities Policy. 4.4 Audience LCC introduced free entry to SJBM in October 2005, following a decline in visitor numbers to 3,200 in 2004/05. 16,000 visitors attended during Johnson’s tercentenary year celebrations in 2009. After an initial slight decline, numbers have consistently risen since then reaching 21,472 in 2018/2019 and 20,994 in 2019/2020, when the Museum was closed before the end of the reporting period. (See Section 2 for the impact of COVID-19 on visitor numbers) Visitor data is gathered from the visitor book and exit surveys. In 2019, visitors to represented a diverse age range. 25% of visitors live within 15 miles of the Museum, however only 5% were from Lichfield itself. 58% visited from elsewhere in the UK, and 17% from overseas in 2019. \| Age \| Percentage of Visitors \| \|-------\|------------------------\| \| 0-4 \| 2% \| \| 5-10 \| 13% \| \| 10-15 \| 14% \| \| 16-24 \| 7% \| \| 25-44 \| 15% \| \| 45-64 \| 25% \| \| 65-74 \| 18% \| \| 75+ \| 6% \| Visitor exit surveys reveal a good level of visitor satisfaction. On a scale of 1-10, 93% of visitors rated their visit over a score of 8, with 53% choosing 10. Visitor satisfaction dropped slightly during Covid-19 measures in 2020: 90% still rated their visit over 8, but only 34% gave the highest score. No scores under 7 were given. Satisfaction in customer care is evident: 91% of visitors rated Staff as ‘Excellent’ and the remaining 9% ‘Good’. Organised school and adult group tour visits are increasing. In 2019/20, 485 pupils attended as part of an organised visit, an increase of 14% on the previous period, and 144 adults attended as part of an organised group visit. This was an increase of 83% on the previous year but represents an opportunity for growth. SJBM also offers informal learning activities such as a children’s book club, adult book, poetry and creative writing clubs, life-long learning Latin classes, and talks to local groups. SJBM has a growing digital audience. In 2019/20 there were 18,200 digital visitors. A digital visit is counted as a visit to the Museum website or blog site, receiving an e-newsletter, or directly engaging with a post on social media by liking, sharing or commenting on Instagram, Facebook or Twitter. This number increased by 84% to 33,300 in 20/21. 4.5 Building & Interpretation The Grade I listed house was built for Johnson’s parents in 1707-8. It remained in Samuel’s possession until his death in 1784 and went into private ownership until it was purchased by Alderman John Gilbert and donated to the city in 1900. Five floors of displays are open to the public comprising a bookshop and entrance area, two period room displays, an audio-visual room, eight rooms of Museum display and a library area available to researchers by appointment. The interior remains atmospheric with a mixture of interpretation including text panels and interactive displays. The main interpretation scheme and display furniture dates from the last full update of the displays in 1989/90. Further piecemeal developments include: a more prominent entrance on Market Street re-established in 1993; a re-display of the Dictionary Room in 2005, and the Museum bookshop/entrance area was updated in 2014 (See Section 3 for more information about planned developments to interpretation) Under the care of LCC the Birthplace benefits from a quinquennial building inspection and a Repairs and Renewals budget available to meet any urgent building care needs. The building and contents are insured under a policy with Ecclesiastical. 4.6 Access The tall and narrow building has steps to the entrance and many unavoidable stairs inside. A good provision of audio support and large print information has been established, and access audits in 2017 and 2019 have provided a structure for a planned programme of further development. Physical access issues have been addressed to date with a virtual tour available online and an outreach provision, and developments to access including full wheelchair access to the ground floor are at the heart of the current development project (See Section 3). See also the SJBM Access Policy Statement. 4.7 Location & Tourism SJBM is situated in the heart of the historic cathedral city of Lichfield, which has a population of over 33,000. Lichfield is approximately 17 miles north of Birmingham and benefits from excellent connection to the national road and rail network. Lichfield District Council’s ‘Visit Lichfield’ team oversee tourism initiatives for the area, estimating that 5.6 million visitors come to the District’s attractions a year. SJBM works closely with ‘Visit Lichfield’ and the MHO is a member of the Heritage Weekend working group, Group Tourism Partnership and the independent Lichfield District Tourism Association executive committee. SJBM is a local partner venue for Lichfield Festival, Lichfield Literature Festival and Lichfield Arts ‘L2F’ Festival of Folk. LCC is involved in local strategic developments such as the City Centre partnership, Neighbourhood Plan, Streetscene and ‘Place’ board, and ensures that SJBM is considered and included where appropriate. 4.8 Public Opening Hours & Facilities The Museum is open to the public seven days a week, currently 10.30am - 4.30pm March to October and 11.00am – 3.30pm November to February, with closure only on Christmas Day, Boxing Day and New Year’s Day. SJBM lacks a designated car park or a refreshment provision, but this is compensated by ample provision within the city centre, including accessible parking directly outside. There are no toilet facilities, but an accessible visitor toilet with baby-changing facilities is planned for 2021-22. The SJBM Bookshop attracts regular local users. The Wood Library provides an atmospheric study room for researchers, but the space is also used by volunteers and for storage, so this provision is limited. 4.9 Collections The Museum collection has been gradually acquired since 1901 and includes over 8,500 items of personalia, fine art, furniture, manuscripts, books and archive material. The collection represents Johnson and nationally important figures from his circle, as well as items associated with the history of Lichfield. The collection is catalogued on a ‘modes’ database, with a small and decreasing documentation backlog. Public online access to collections was introduced in 2018. Only 2% of the collection is on loan to SJBM. 23% is presently on display, and a further 40% is readily accessible in storage on site (mainly library collections in bookcases). Presentation is of a good standard but displays are beginning to appear dated. A dedicated area of the SJBM website provides information to encourage members of the public to use the libraries, and volunteers and attendants are facilitated to undertake research on the collections. The limitations of the museum building have resulted in poor storage and environmental conditions for the collection in some areas, but moving into a dedicated store-room off-site above the LCC offices in Donegal House has enabled significant improvements. Regular environmental and pest monitoring is in place. In 2017 regular collection cleaning was established with a dedicated team of volunteers and annual programme. [Related Documents: SJBM Collections Development Policy, SJBM Collections Care Policy, SJBM Documentation Policy, SJBM Documentation Procedural Manual, SJBM Emergency Plan and SJBM Documentation Plan] 4.10 Security The building is well protected by a regularly maintained and externally monitored alarm system, CCTV with constant recording on site and remote access, and some display cases are protected by ‘break-glass’ style alarms. A full review of the security of the Museum was carried out at the last Accreditation award in 2015 by a crime reduction officer and recommendations were carried out, including an update to the alarm system to add additional motion sensors. 4.11 Environmental Sustainability SJBM has made a commitment to reducing its environmental impact. SJBM joined a West Midlands Green Museums Project in 2012 and decreased energy use through switching to energy saving bulbs, a replacement boiler and increasing insulation with new window blinds. As much waste as possible is recycled, single-use plastic has been reduced and a carrier bag charge was introduced in April 2021, with a paper alternative to be introduced. Low-impact and recycled goods are sourced where possible, local suppliers are preferred and SJBM is a supporter of the local Fair-Trade initiative. Sustainability will also be considered during the Development project. 4.12 SWOT Analysis Strengths - LCC backing. - Eye-catching, Grade I listed building. - Samuel Johnson provides rich and varied subject matter for interpretation and events. - Accredited Museum led by qualified Museum professional. - Prime location in Lichfield, close to market, major road and rail networks. - Subject of Museum mentioned on city road signs and city heritage trail. - Trained, enthusiastic and knowledgeable front of house staff. - Team of volunteers supporting activities and collections work. - Regular consultation with staff, volunteers and users. - Well-stocked second-hand bookshop raising funds. - Free admission (excluding organised groups and events). - Growing number of partnerships. - Strong and well-documented collection, available online. - Increasing online presence and social media following. - Provision for hearing-impaired visitors and virtual tour available. Weaknesses - Access challenges with physical and intellectual barriers. - Size of team restricts growth and development. - Lack of facilities, e.g. toilets, café, flexible space for education activities and events. - Current interpretation includes few diverse narratives. - Environmental, display and storage conditions not appropriate for the collection in some areas. - Limited space for library users. - Text panels and display cases appear dated. - Running repairs for an historic building require steady expenditure. - Poor visitor feedback on pedestrian signage to tourist attractions around City. - Generate 16% of annual running costs. Opportunities - Partnerships with local Heritage attractions and groups. - Joint schemes working to make Lichfield a destination for Group Tourism. - Planned city centre developments. - Partnerships with local universities could attract younger audience. - Major development of the museum displays could address many of the identified weaknesses. - Number of Heritage attractions in the city attracting visitors. - Working with local schools, colleges and universities. Threats** - Uncertainty of tourism sector in years following COVID-19 pandemic. - Reduction of overall footfall to Lichfield. - Dependent on continued LCC Funding. - Changes to National Curriculum affecting number of school visits. 5: Key Strategic Aims 2021-2024 The following have been identified as key strategic aims for the period 2021 – 2024. 1. Operate to a high professional standard, making the best use of available resources 2. Build and diversify our audiences, responding to user consultation 3. Develop access to the Museum and collection 4. Care for the Museum building and collection The tables below outline the Current Objectives, Performance indicators and the resource plan to meet these aims. \| Objective \| How to be achieved \| When will be achieved \| Performance indicator \| Resource Plan* \| \|-----------\|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|------------------------------------------------------------\|----------------------------------------\|----------------\| \| \| \| \| \| Workforce \| Budget \| \| 5.1a To maintain Accredited status \| Maintain and update policy and procedures Prepare and submit return Arts Council England Accreditation application \| November 2021 and annually Invitation to re-apply due in 2022 \| Updated Policy documents Accreditation Award Certificate \| MSO; MHO \| Staff; Supplies (related minor purchases to meet standards) \| \| 5.1b To maximise available income streams \| Remove poor-selling lines and introduce new products: Target increase of 10% per year for total spend per head. Increase group and education bookings income by 10% per year (see also 5.2c and 5.2d) Introduce new donation boxes and improved online donation options, Target of 50p average donation per head by March 2024. Regular programme of at least six special events per year planned. Launch online shop and specialist second-hand book online sales. Improved facilities for Private Hire (e.g. toilet, meeting space) Increased audience for Bookshop with provision of disabled access and related adaptations of Bookshop area \| Annual report to BAC (Nov) Annual figures reported at Autumn BAC March 2023 Season ahead launched June & November Strategy by Dec 2021, shop launch in 2022 Toilet by March 2022; Funding plan for Birth Room facilities by March 2023 Summer 2023 \| Sales records Group visit records Donations records Admissions records Report, Transactions records New facilities, funding plan available New access, visitor number records \| MSO MSO; MAs MSO; MHO; MAS MSO/MHO; MAS, Vols. MSO; MAs; Vols. MHO; Contractors MHO; Contractors \| Sales (stock offset within the amount given in Table 1); Staff; Promotion; Supplies; costs of events offset by Admissions; LCC Project Funding; Bookshop updates dependant on further funding. \| \| 5.1c To maximise staff and volunteer development \| Establish a regular joint meeting of staff and volunteers (to be held in March & September) for updates and feedback Annual training event (e.g. expert speaker, outing to relevant sites and collections) available to staff and volunteers Review individual training needs of staff members in annual personal reviews \| First event in September 2021 First event in March 2022 Annually, March \| Minutes from meetings Event scheduled, Officer report Training Log \| MHO; MSO MHO; MSO MHO \| Staff; Supplies for training costs; use of funded training courses offered by West Midlands Museum Development \| \| 5.1d. To maximise volunteer input \| Creating short-term volunteer roles and projects aimed at engaging college students and young people, including remote volunteering opportunities. Liaison with universities, colleges, and volunteer recruitment centres to promote volunteering roles Review and update all volunteer role documentation Establish additional volunteering opportunities in Donegal House store Accessible volunteering opportunities in ground-floor displays introduced \| September 2021 March 2022 September 2021 March 2022 September 2023 \| New role outlines available New volunteers recruited Revised documentation available New volunteers recruited New volunteers recruited \| MSO MSO MHO; MSO MHO; MSO MHO; MSO \| Staff; Supplies; Promotion (though mainly free of cost channels e.g. local volunteering centre) \| ## 5.2 Build and diversify our audiences, responding to user consultation \| Objective \| How to be achieved \| Achieve by \| Performance indicator \| Resource Plan* \| \|-----------\|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|-------------------------------------------------\|------------------------------------------------------------\|----------------\| \| \| \| \| \| Workforce \| Budget \| \| 5.2a. To increase the number of visitors from our local community \| Special events organised to appeal to range of visitors and encourage return visits, including free of charge events/activities. Assess and plan improvements to exterior appearance of the Museum Promote the use of bookshop as a local resource through offers, sales and street presence. Regular presence on Lichfield Market Square to promote the Museum Engage with local partnerships, events and groups Redevelopment of the Museum and displays to include diverse stories and elements of local history \| Season launched June & November September 2022 Sale in Summer and winter seasons Annual stalls (July and September) Ongoing, re-organised plans for Festival and Society of Artists events TBC First new displays by March 2022 \| Events publicity; visitor data. Report presented Sales records Outreach number records Visitor numbers; Officer report New displays, visitor data \| MSO, MHO & MAS & Vols MHO, LCC MSO, MAs MSO, MAs MHO, MSO, MAS & Vols MHO, LCC \| Events, sales etc funded by: Staff; Supplies; Promotion; costs offset by Admissions; LCC Market stall in-kind. \| \| 5.2b. To monitor users and consult non-users \| Introduce additional options for completion of the SJBM visitor exit survey (e.g. online, easy access QR codes) Conduct street surveys with local people to gather data from non-users Establish community engagement mailing list of Development Project \| March 2022 March 2022, then twice yearly June 2021 \| New platform available; Visitor data Visitor data Mailing list data \| MSO; MAs, Vols. MHO; MSO \| Staff; Supplies \| \| 5.2c. To increase the number of education visits and partnerships \| Annual update to database of school contacts and periodic promotion to schools by email and post Train additional Museum Attendant staff members and volunteers in delivery of education programme Update Primary school visit to reflect changes to Bookbinding workroom. Recruit a consultant to review schools offering and devise a planned programme for extending to Key Stage 3 & 4 \| Database updated in August. Mailouts in September, January and May March 2022 March 2024 \| School visit booking records Trained staff; Officer report Revised visit available Report presented \| MSO; Vols. MHO; MSO; MAs MHO; MSO; MAs MHO \| Staff; Supplies; Promotion; Admissions (cost of additional Staff hours offset by small charge for school visits); Funding to be identified for consultant \| \| 5.2d. To increase the number of group visit bookings \| Introduce ‘pop-up’ tours aimed at daytime coach group visitors Annual update to groups database and mailout Work with other local attractions to promote group visits as a member of LDC’s Group Tourism Partnership Train additional Museum Attendant staff members and volunteers in delivery of guided tours and community talks. \| March 2022 (restrictions permitting) Database updated in August. Mailouts in September, January and May Ongoing; Bi-monthly meetings March 2023 \| Group visit records Group visit records Minutes; Officer report Trained staff; Officer report \| MSO; MAs MSO; Vols. MHO MHO; MAs \| Staff; Supplies; Promotion; Admissions (cost of additional Staff hours for tours offset by admission charge). \| ## 5.3 Increase access to the Museum and collections \| Objective \| How to be achieved \| Achieve by \| Performance indicator \| Resource Plan* \| \|-----------\|--------------------\|------------\|-----------------------\|----------------\| \| 5.3a. To seek alternative solutions to the physical limitations of our Grade I listed building \| Create wheelchair access into Bookshop by street level lift, throughout ground floor and to accessible toilet, subject to planning approval Establish digital access to upper floors at ground level Seek expert advice and consultation with users at all stages of development Investigation options for remote online access to in-house events \| Summer 2023 Summer 2023; interim option available ahead Ongoing, first consultation by September 2021 Initial report by March 2023 \| New facilities; report to JBAC New facilities; report to JBAC Report from consultation Report to JBAC \| MHO; LCC; Contractors MHO; Contractors MHO MHO; MSO \| Staff; Supplies; building works dependent on funds from LCC in 22/23 and 23/24 or grant funding. \| \| 5.3b. To improve awareness of, and access to, all parts of the collection \| Regular programme of small display-case displays highlighting stored collection Maintain SJBM blog with monthly collection-based posts Digital access to collections relating to Michael Johnson within Workroom development Implement actionable items from 2020 Neurodiverse Visitors audit and update SJBM Access Plan to include future actions. \| Published programme launched June & November Monthly, published on or before the 15th March 2022 Initial items by March 2022, others incorporated into long-term develop plans \| Events publicity Online visitor data New display available Noted in Officer report \| MHO; Vols. MHO; Vols. MHO; Contractors MHO/MSO \| Staff; Supplies; (materials for in-house production of display material, or purchase of inexpensive display items); LCC project funding \| \| 5.3c. To update interpretation and displays See also Section 3 (page 4) for further details on Development plans for displays. \| Production of an SJBM Interpretation Plan Redisplay of Michael Johnson’s workroom to become a hands-on accessible space covering history of family business, book trade and binding. Relocation of Introductory AV area to Parlour and associated re-display Re-organisation of current displays to incorporate items removed from Michael Johnson’s workroom and Parlour. In-house update to Kitchen display to introduce low-tech interactives for trial and monitoring ahead of full redisplay. \| September 2021 March 2022 March 2023 March 2022 March 2022 \| Plan available New displays installed New displays installed New displays installed New displays installed \| MHO MHO; LCC; Contractors MHO; LCC; Contractors MHO \| Staff; Supplies; LCC project funding \| \| 5.3d. To improve facilities for researchers and publicise provision more widely \| Refurbish Wood Library, incorporating the Blum Study area. Raise academic profile of Museum, through links with higher education partners, including continued support of Keele Collaborative Doctoral Award. Establish regular volunteer-led open library sessions and publicise with local interest groups. \| March 2023 Current Keele CDA to end 2023; emerging researcher event planned Spring 2022. March 2024 \| Improved facilities Events held; research visitor records Research visitor records \| MHO; LCC; Contractors MHO; partners MHO; MSO; Volunteers \| Staff; Supplies; Blum library funding; Keele CDA funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council; Keele funding for 2022 event \| ## 5.4 Care for the Museum building and collection \| Objective \| How to be achieved \| Achieve by \| Performance indicator \| Resource Plan* \| \|-----------\|--------------------\|------------\|-----------------------\|----------------\| \| 5.3a. To improve the storage and care of the collection \| Complete ‘Benchmarks in Collection Care’ Checklist and update SJBM Collection Care Plan Complete planned programme identified in updated SJBM Collection Care Plan Re-organisation of book storage to facilitate Blum Library move Undertake annual Collection Clean \| September 2021 Ongoing; rolling schedule Plan March 2022; move March 2023 January to March 2022 and annually \| Plan available Noted in Officer report Noted in Officer report Noted in Officer report \| MSO/MHO MHO; MSO Vols. MHO; Vols. MHO; Vols. \| \| 5.3b. To improve the documentation of the collection \| Undertake programme identified in the SJBM Documentation Plan Establish computer terminal for database access at DH store Programme of photography and scanning of collection established, with eventual target to have a photograph to accompany every non-library record. \| Ongoing; rolling schedule September 2021 Workspace set up by March 2022 \| Report to JBAC New facilities available Number of improved records reported \| MHO; Vols MHO; Vols. MHO; Vols \| \| 5.3c. To ensure the ongoing protection of the collection against disaster and damage \| Update SJBM Emergency Plan Ensure that all staff are trained in the Museum Emergency plan procedure Complete planned programme identified in updated SJBM Collection Care Plan See also Section 3 (page 4) for further details on improving display conditions \| July 2021 September 2021, and annually Ongoing; rolling schedule \| Updated plan available Noted in Officer report Report available \| MHO; LCC MHO; MAs MHO; Vols. \| \| 5.3d. To ensure the continual maintenance and sustainability of the Birthplace building \| Conduct regular building checks and resolve or report issues promptly All supplies sourced with consideration to sustainability Ensure Quinquennial inspection of the Birthplace carried out and any recommended works to be scheduled. \| Weekly building check undertaken Ongoing Next inspection due 2023 \| Inspection Log; Officer report Officer report Noted in Officer reports \| MHO; MSO, MAs, MSO/MHO LCC; MHO \| * Key to abbreviations used in Workforce (bold indicates lead responsibility). Budgets refer to headings (See Table 1, page 5) LCC Lichfield City Council (refers to support and decision making from LCC’s Town Clerk and/or JBAC) MAs Museum Attendants MHO Museums & Heritage Officer Vols. 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Elegant Dining to Benefit Meals on Wheels: August 25 5:00 p.m. Cheese and Wine Reception 6:00 to 8:00 p.m. Five-Course Meal $200 per person (limited to 80 persons), reservations required by Monday, August 14. Prepared by Chef Max Humbrecht, Good Samaritan – Estes Park Village. Menu: * First course – smoked trout chowder with horseradish, thyme, celery, leeks, Yukon gold & sweet potatoes; * Second course – watermelon & arugula salad with cucumber, toasted pine nuts, feta cheese, & raspberry-rhubarb vinaigrette; * Third course – fresh tagliatelle pasta with oregano, parsley, lemon, roasted garlic, shaved parmesan, bell pepper coulis, & extra virgin olive oil; * Fourth course – grilled buffalo top sirloin with sautéed sweet corn, grilled scallions, crispy bacon lardons, braised shallots, oven roasted tomatoes, & burgundy-basil jus; * Final course – palisade peach tart with pickled cherries, mascarpone, tarragon, caramel, & lavender-pistachio brittle. Reservations: Crossroads Ministry of Estes Park: 970.577.0610, [email protected], Good Samaritan, 970.577.7700: Carey Stevanus, ext. 111; or Julie Lee, ext. 101. Thanks to event sponsors, including Estes Park Medical Center, Snowy Peaks Winery, OtterCares Foundation, Estes Park News. Proceeds will help Estes Valley Meals on Wheels acquire equipment for safe food preparation and storage.	<urn:uuid:e2d1b620-9381-4579-81ed-2b25c8f32fb5>	CC-MAIN-2017-34	http://crossroadsep.org/wp-content/uploads/Donor-Banquet-Display-Ad.2017.pdf	2017-08-24T06:50:05Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886133042.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170824062820-20170824082820-00665.warc.gz	91,095,689	364	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.927383	eng_Latn	0.927383	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1362 ]
1. Describe in your own words the mission and goals of OSBA. To support the work of public school boards in Oregon through education and advocacy with the goal of ensuring equal opportunities for all students throughout the state. 2. What do you want to accomplish by serving on the OSBA board of directors? I hope to continue to be a voice for the unique needs of rural communities. Be a strong advocate for the importance of public education and complete funding for our education system. I am also interested in exploring ways that our education system can adapt to the ever-changing needs and learning styles of our current and future students. 3. What leadership skills do you believe you bring to the board of directors? Give an example of a situation in which you demonstrated these skills. I am an effective communicator, highly organized, and passionate about education. I ran for the State Senate 4 years ago and spent the better part of a year traveling the district talking about the need for a strong public education system accessible to all Oregon families. 4. What do you see as the two most challenging issues faced by OSBA? 1. The increase in distrust in the public education system. 2. Adapting our education system to meet the needs of today’s and tomorrow’s learners. 5. What do you see as the two most challenging issues faced by your region? 1. Maintaining a qualified workforce. 2. Retaining students secondary to increases in online options, private schools, decreases in student-age population, affordability of living in certain communities. 6. What is your plan for communicating with boards in your region? Email, messaging services through OSBA, in-person meetings throughout the region, direct contact with school board leadership. Name: Christine Reitz Address: _______________ _______________ _______________ City / ZIP: ____________________________ Business phone: _______________________ Residence phone: _____________________ Cell phone: __________________________ E-mail: [email protected] District/ESD/CC: Hood River County School District Term expires: 6/30/23 Years on board: 7 Work or service performed for OSBA or local district (include committee name and if you were chair): - OSBA Legislative Policy Committee - OSBA Rural Districts Advisory Committee - OSBA Board of Directors, Position 8 - HRCSD Chair - HRCSD Vice-Chair - HRCSD Curriculum Committees (ELA, ELD, Math, Art and Music) - HRCSD Classified and Licensed Negotiations Committee - HRCSD Superintendent Hiring Committee (Chair) - HRCSD Strategic Plan Committee - HRCSD Bond and Levy Committees Other education board positions held/dates: Hood River County Education Foundation Board Liaison Occupation (Include at least the past five years): Employers: Pistil Designs Dates: 11/2021 to present Schools attended (Include official name of school, where and when): High school: Air Academy High School, Colorado Springs, CO 1987–1988 and 1989–1991 Kentwood High School, Kent, WA 1988–1989 College: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 1991–1995/ University of Kansas Medical Center, KC, KS 1995–1997 Degrees earned: University of Colorado: Bachelor of Arts, Biology University of Kansas Medical Center: Bachelor of Science, Nursing Education honors and/or awards: AAHS: National Honor Society Other applicable training or education: Activities, other state and local community services: - Founder- Gorge Kids Triathlon, Hood River - Board Member- Gorge Performing Arts Initiative - Past Board Member- Providence Center for Medically Fragile Children, Portland - Past Board Member- New Parent Services, Next Door Inc. - Volunteer- Hood River Shelter Services - Volunteer- Music Festival of the Gorge Hobbies/special interests: Cooking, reading, running, hiking Business/professional/civic group memberships; offices held and dates: Additional comments: Deadline: September 30, 2022, 5 pm Materials submitted by the candidate on this form may be subject to a public information request under ORS Chapter 192.	<urn:uuid:eb3e9f15-405a-440c-b8e7-69074fa4717f>	CC-MAIN-2023-14	http://www.osba.org/-/media/Files/About-OSBA/Candidates/Chrissy_Reitz_Questions_Resume_BODPos8.pdf	2023-03-21T04:46:10+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-14/subset=warc/part-00213-39c03058-7d78-443d-9984-102329513e3d.c000.gz.parquet	78,397,956	877	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.951624	eng_Latn	0.993011	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 1310, 1788, 3357, 4078 ]
Membership: Looking for Adventure? JOIN US... Become a member! Visit our membership page for more information: http://www.statenislandzoo.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=81 Adopt an animal: Adopt an Animal. Click here for application Donations: To donate on line, click here! Thank you! Pavers: Personally Engraved Stepping Stones. Click here for application Take Your Place in History You may have a person or milestone to remember, honor or highlight; or perhaps you would like a message about nature and wildlife. Perhaps your business might wish to invest in a paver stone. The ZooWalk is a special part of the Zoo. It begins to the right of the entrance to the main exhibit building, where paver stones are inscribed with individual messages. Pavers are designed to become a lasting part of the Zoo and are seen by hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. They make wonderful gifts. What could be more appropriate than a paver at the Staten Island Zoo where preservation is our mission? Pave the Way... to a bright Zoo future! Express Yourself Each paver can accept a maximum of three lines of 13 units each. When filling out the form you must allow one box for each letter, number, punctuation mark, heart symbol and space between words. Fill out the boxes exactly the way you wish to inscribe a paver and please write clearly. Print out form and bring to Zoo with check, cash or credit card information. Applications may be returned if the proposed text does not meet the standards to be observed by a New York City public facility. Applicants will have an opportunity to revise proposed text if applications are returned. Upon receipt of your application you will receive confirmation of the order. If the order is a gift, the recipient will be notified as well. When the stone arrives at the Zoo, the maintenance department adds it to the "Zoo Walk". Postcards go out to notify you, and any gift recipient, that the stone is in the ground. Each postcard is good for one free admission to the Zoo to see the stone. Invest in the Zoo's Future Family or individual pavers are $100 each ($50 is tax deductible). Your investment in a paver helps maintain programs and exhibits designed to promote appreciation for wildlife and environmental conservation. Corporations, organizations and businesses contribute $200 per paver ($150 is tax deductible). A Long-lasting Tribute Paver stones are guaranteed for five years against wear and weather. Pavers installed in 1991, when the Paver Program first began, are still in excellent condition. Application Form ( click here to view our application form ) Zoo Wish List: Do you have equipment and supplies you would like to donate? Certain items may sound odd, such as CD boom boxes, but all are used to enhance animal care and other activities at YOUR Zoo. In this time of budget cuts and fiscal crisis, any assistance is greatly appreciated. Please call (718) 442-3101 ext 28, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., to make arrangements. Thanks! 1. Perfumes and spices 2. Humidifiers, de-humidifiers and air and water filters 3. Electric heaters, heat lamps and electric timers 4. (Gently) used tools, both power and hand; lumber or paint 5. Animal carriers of all sizes 6. Photo and video equipment including digital; projectors and screens 7. CD players (boom boxes), blank CD / DVD's 8. Ice cube trays 9. Arts and craft supplies 10. Commercial-grade cutlery for preparing animal diets 11. Standing refrigerator/freezer for animal hospital, Height, 67 1/2" x Width 35"x Depth 33" Please remember that each department has special needs. So if you are unsure as to whether or not certain items could be of use, please e-mail us at [email protected] Thi s e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it , or call at the above number and ask to speak with someone from that particular area such as animal care, education and graphics. For a sizable donation, a letter of acknowledgment for tax purposes will be provided, as well as recognition in Zoo publications, at the events and possibly by local press. Thank you for your continuous support of the Staten Island Zoo. Amazon Wish List: The Staten Island Zoo also participates in the Amazon Wish List Program, which can be accessed at the following link: http://www.amazon.com/gp/registry/wishlist/?ie=UTF8&cid=A2 WBRHRQD0PW2L . This is a wish list for the animals and staff of the Staten Island Zoo. Some of these items will be enrichment items for the animals to play or interact with, others will help make our staffs jobs a little easier. Please include your contact information if you make a donation, your contribution is tax deductible. 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News Release 27 February 2019 COCA-COLA AMATIL SWITCHES TO 100% SUSTAINABLY ACCREDITED SUGAR IN AUSTRALIA Coca-Cola Amatil today announced that all sugar in its non-alcoholic beverage range in Australia was now sourced from growers who are independently accredited as following sustainable production frameworks. Under purchasing contracts running to 2021, Amatil's sugar purchases were now a mix of Bonsucro and Smartcane Best Management Practice (BMP) certified sugar. Bonsucro and Smartcane BMP are production frameworks which aim to increase on-farm productivity while reducing environmental and social risks. Group Managing Director Alison Watkins said the switch to sustainably accredited sugar was a good environmental and commercial decision for the company. "We have responsibilities to the community on resource use and renewal, and we've also heard customer feedback in favour of greater sustainability in the products we sell," Ms Watkins said. "The switch to sustainably accredited sugar is a step forward for our overall operations, and also in meeting that customer demand." The decision means Coca-Cola Amatil's sugar is obtained from farms with frameworks covering: * decreased herbicides and pesticide use per hectare; * prohibitions on some herbicide and pesticide use in sugar production; * reduced water use in sugarcane growing and milling; * natural systems management to protect adjacent wetlands and waterways and reduce runoff into sensitive areas such as the Great Barrier Reef; ; * support for on-farm systems management * increased use of ethanol (rather than fossil fuels) in growing and milling; * a chain of responsibility process from production to final use; and * independent auditing of sugar industry safety and worker training, with issues addressed via published Health and Safety Management Plans. 1/2 CANEGROWERS Chairman Paul Schembri said the Smartcane BMP program achieves productivity and profitability gains for growers along with environmental improvements. "Already more than 70 per cent of Queensland's sugarcane area is in this program of adopting best practice on farm and we want more growers to come on board," Mr Schembri said. "It involves things like assessing soil condition to tailor fertiliser applications and reducing soil disturbance. Often these practices save input costs and boost yield as well as avoid downstream impacts on the Great Barrier Reef." Sugar Research Australia has assessed the impact of Smartcane BMP on business profitability and found the practices could benefit growers by between $25 and $220 per hectare per year. Wilmar Sugar Australia is a certified supplier of accredited sustainable sugar, and a major supplier to Amatil. Wilmar Executive General Manager North Queensland John Pratt said the company continually looked at opportunities to improve the sustainability of its operations. "Our commitment to continuous improvement is good for our business and also the environment," Mr Pratt said. "The Great Barrier Reef is a vital part of our global environmental heritage. We are pleased to be able to make a positive contribution to its health." The switch to sustainably accredited sugar in Australia also reflects a global commitment by The Coca-Cola Company to source all priority ingredients from sustainable sources by 2020. It is alongside Project Catalyst, a collaboration between The Coca-Cola Foundation, sugarcane farmer, WWF Australia, natural resource management bodies and the Federal Government which aims to reduce agricultural runoff impacting the Great Barrier Reef. Since 2013 Project Catalyst has improved the quality of 150 billion litres of water flowing into the reef and reduced runoff by 180 tonnes per year. Media contact: Patrick Low 0447 121 838 ABOUT COCA-COLA AMATIL Coca-Cola Amatil is one of the largest manufacturers and distributors of ready-to-drink non-alcohol and alcohol beverages, coffee and ready-to-eat food snacks in the Asia Pacific region. Coca-Cola Amatil is also the authorised manufacturer and distributor of The Coca- Cola Company's beverage brands in Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Samoa. Coca-Cola Amatil directly employs around 14,000 people and indirectly creates thousands more jobs across the supply chain, partnering with key suppliers to manufacture, package, sell and distribute its products. With access to around 300 million potential consumers through more than 700,000 active customers Coca-Cola Amatil is committed to leading through innovation and building a sustainable future and delivering long-term value to shareholders. 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NEW/CHANGE PROGRAM REQUEST Undergraduate Programs Department: Psychology College: Science Program Name: B.S. Neuroscience and Behavior New Program: [ ] Change Program: [X] Effective Date (TERM & YEAR): Spring 2020 Please explain the requested change(s) and offer rationale below or on an attachment 1. Added PSB 4915 and PSB 4917 as options for Elective Requirements. 2. Added Special Topics (BSC 4930, PSY 4930, PSB 4930) to the Ethology/Comparative Psychology concentration. Faculty Contact/Email/Phone: Lauren Mavica / [email protected] / 561-297-3364 Consult and list departments that may be affected by the change(s) and attach documentation Biological Sciences Approved by: \| Position \| Signature \| Date \| \|---------------------------\|--------------------\|----------\| \| Department Chair \| \| 10/25/19 \| \| College Curriculum Chair \| \| 10/31/19 \| \| College Dean \| \| 11/1/19 \| \| UUPC Chair \| \| 11/4/19 \| \| Undergraduate Studies Dean\| \| 11/6/19 \| Email this form and attachments to [email protected] one week before the UUPC meeting so that materials may be viewed on the UUPC website prior to the meeting.	<urn:uuid:6357c419-ff85-460f-9866-522c8eaf3b12>	CC-MAIN-2024-26	https://www.fau.edu/uupc/documents/materials/2019/november-4-2019/neuro-bs2-form.pdf	2024-06-23T04:30:23+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-26/subset=warc/part-00080-44971353-df4b-48d7-8025-975e8feb989b.c000.gz.parquet	683,751,386	310	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.887545	eng_Latn	0.887545	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 1283 ]
An article by David Piotrowski "And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also. Titus 2:2 UNDERSTANDING WORDS GOD'S DEFINITION OF RESPECT To know what God says about EVERYTHING, Christians must always turn to His Word. Therefore, as Christians, we must read His Word, the Bible, so that we will be able, through His Holy Spirit, to comprehend the meanings of all that He has written to us. With this in mind, this series of articles, will, prayerfully, help us better understand, from God's perspective, the meanings of various words. This article, will concentrate on the word, "respect." By better understanding what God means, when He uses particular words, such as, "respect," we should be able to take "the next step;" and that is, we should be able, to apply His meanings, to our individual lives. In the Bible, we find, God uses the word "respect," quite frequently. Therefore, it is important that we, fully, comprehend, its meaning. Because God chose His Words with precision, we can rely upon their exactness. They were never used accidentally. He is the God of TRUTH (Deuteronomy 32:4). He CANNOT lie (Titus 1:2). God does not want us to doubt His Word. He does not want us to be confused (1 Corinthians 14:33). Furthermore, as we better understand His Word, we will grow into a solid belief, that God's Word, contains NO contradictions! This should strengthen us. This should embolden us! As English-speaking people, the Webster's 1828, America's Dictionary of the English Language, will be consulted. But, what we, as Christians, really, should want to know, is what God means, when He uses the word "respect." Genesis 2:25 says that, before the Fall, Adam and Eve "…were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed." However, after they sinned, we read, in Genesis 3:7-10, "…the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons. And they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God amongst the trees of the garden. And the LORD God called unto Adam, and said unto him, Where art thou? And he said, I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself." So, we read, in Genesis 3:21 "Unto Adam also and to his wife did the LORD God make coats of skins and clothed them." Later, in Genesis 3:23, because of their sin, Adam and Eve were "sent … forth from the garden of Eden." Genesis 4:1-7 says, "… Adam knew Eve his wife; and she conceived, and bare Cain, and said, I have gotten a man from the LORD. And she again bare his brother Abel. And Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground. And in process of time it came to pass, that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the LORD. And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof. And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering: But unto Cain and to his offering he had not respect. And Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell. And the LORD said unto Cain, Why art thou wroth? And why is thy countenance fallen? If thou doest well, shalt thou not be accepted? And if thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. And unto thee shall be his desire, and thou shalt rule over him." Why did God have "respect" for Abel, while having no "respect" for Cain? UNDERSTANDING WORDS In order to answer this question, we need to understand how God defines "respect," according to His usage of the word, and, according to the word's context, relative to what He is saying, in Scripture. In helping to define "respect" in terms of God's usage and context, of the word, as it is recorded in Genesis 4:4-5, Webster utilizes these words: "good will," and "favor." God "favored" the "good will" of Abel's offering (verse 4), but did not do so, for Cain's offering (verse 5). Hebrews 11:4: "By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, by which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts, and by it he being dead yet speaketh." Speaking to Scribes and Pharisees, Jesus says, in Matthew 23:35, "That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar." Jesus also called them hypocrites. In Luke 11:51, Jesus, again, speaks of Abel, as He says, "From the blood of Abel unto the blood of Zacharias, which perished between the altar and the temple: verily I say unto you (lawyers), It shall be required of this generation." IT refers to blood. Abel's blood was shed as a prophet of God, as Verse 50 is clear: "That the blood of all the prophets, which was shed from the foundation of the world, may be required of this generation." Clearly, as Genesis 3:21 says, a sacrifice of blood was needed as a substitute for the sin that Adam and Eve had committed. A substitutionary atonement (or covering) required the shedding of innocent blood as a condition of forgiveness for sinners. The killing of two animals, and the shedding of their blood, became the atonement for Adam's and Eve's sin. Later, of course, Jesus would sacrifice Himself upon the cross for the sins of every man and woman, boy and girl, who has ever lived, and, for everyone born in the future. Revelation 1:5 says that Jesus Christ "… washed us from our sins in his own blood." God wants His people to be (and to do) their best for Him. Christians are to have the faith that it takes to offer "a more excellent sacrifice" to God. In so doing, God will consider them righteous, that the "testifying of [their] gifts", though they be dead, will be an everlasting testimony to those who follow. Every Christian can, and should, do more for Christ. Every Christian should do his or her best, for God. Despite the "cost;" and, for Abel, the "cost," was his life, he favored God with the "respect," He deserved. Abel's actions demonstrated the love, obedience, and "respect," he had, for God. He gave all that was required of him, and he gave all of it, willingly, and with complete faith, that God would favor him, as well. Abel's "good will" offering will always be remembered, as Hebrews 11:4, Matthew 23:35, and Luke 11:51, attest. Will the "good will," "favor," and "respect," that we have offered, or will, offer, to God, be remembered, beyond our lives, much less, during, our lives? Can we say that we have, thus far, offered anything to God? Have we made any sacrifice to God, whatsoever? If not, we cannot say, that "a more excellent sacrifice," has been offered, by us, to God. But, praise God, we remain alive. We have the remainder of our lives, to show Him "respect," as well as, to give Him, "respect." When Christians "sacrifice" according to the Will of God, they, perhaps, paradoxically, gain, much more than what they "sacrifice." Truth be told, Christians never sacrifice very much, at all, even, when they are "giving" their all. Everything belongs to the LORD. When we do "sacrifice" to the LORD, we are letting Him know the "respect," we have for Him. When we do not "sacrifice" to the LORD, we are disrespecting Him. Does anyone, really, want to do that, to Almighty God? Are we, to be, Abel's, or are we, to be, Cain's? To be…… Abel…… or…… not to be…… Abel…… that……. is the question! Favor God, and He will definitely, "favor" you. Perform that which is good in His eyes, and there will be no end to His blessings for you. 1 Timothy 1:17 says "Now unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only wise God, be honour and glory forever and ever. Amen." 2	<urn:uuid:a5ba2891-c948-4470-a071-23f6bf04c4b0>	CC-MAIN-2021-10	https://s3.amazonaws.com/mychurchwebsite/c4324/understanding_words_respect_pdf.pdf	2021-02-27T02:20:49+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-10/subset=warc/part-00285-dbb5a216-bcb2-4bff-b117-e812a7981d21.c000.gz.parquet	556,285,576	1,949	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.998855	eng_Latn	0.999006	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 3549, 7826 ]
NONCROSSED PRODUCT MATRIX SUBRINGS AND IDEALS OF GRADED RINGS JOHAN ÖINERT AND PATRIK LUNDSTRÖM Abstract. We show that if a groupoid graded ring has a certain nonzero ideal property and the principal component of the ring is commutative, then the intersection of a nonzero twosided ideal of the ring with the commutant of the principal component of the ring is nonzero. Furthermore, we show that for a skew groupoid ring with commutative principal component, the principal component is maximal commutative if and only if it is intersected nontrivially by each nonzero ideal of the skew groupoid ring. We also determine the center of strongly groupoid graded rings in terms of an action on the ring induced by the grading. In the end of the article, we show that, given a finite groupoid $G$, which has a nonidentity morphism, there is a ring, strongly graded by $G$, which is not a crossed product over $G$. 1. Introduction Let $R$ be a ring. By this we always mean that $R$ is an additive group equipped with a multiplication which is associative and unital. The identity element of $R$ is denoted $1_R$ and is always assumed to be nonzero. We always assume that ring homomorphisms respect the multiplicative identities. The set of ring endomorphisms of $R$ is denoted $\text{End}(R)$ and the center of $R$ is denoted $Z(R)$. By the commutant of a subset $S$ of a ring $R$, denoted $C_R(S)$, we mean the set of elements of $R$ that commute with each element of $S$. Suppose that $R_1$ is a subring of $R$ i.e. that there is an injective ring homomorphism $R_1 \to R$. Recall that if $R_1$ is commutative, then it is called a maximal commutative subring of $R$ if it coincides with its commutant in $R$. A lot of work has been devoted to investigating the connection between on the one hand maximal commutativity of $R_1$ in $R$ and on the other hand nonemptiness of intersections of $R_1$ with nonzero twosided ideals of $R$ (see [2], [4], [5], [8], [9], [10], [18] and [26]). Recently (see [21], [22], [23], [24] and [25]) such a connection was established for the commutant $R_1$ of the identity component of strongly group graded rings and group crossed products (see Theorem 1 and Theorem 2 below). Let $G$ be a group with identity element $e$. Recall that a ring $R$ is graded by the group $G$ if there is a set of additive subgroups, $R_s$, $s \in G$, of $R$ such that $R = \bigoplus_{s \in G} R_s$ and $R_s R_t \subseteq R_{st}$, $s, t \in G$; if $R_s R_t = R_{st}$, $s, t \in G$, then $R$ is called strongly graded. The subring $R_e$ of $R$ is called the identity component of $R$. The following result appears in [25]. Theorem 1. If a strongly group graded ring has commutative identity component, then the intersection of a nonzero twosided ideal of the ring with the commutant of the principal component in the ring is nonzero. Recall that crossed products are defined by first specifying a crossed system i.e. a quadruple \(\{A, G, \sigma, \alpha\}\) where \(A\) is a ring, \(G\) is a group and \(\sigma : G \to \text{End}(A)\) and \(\alpha : G \times G \to A\) are maps satisfying the following four conditions: (1) \[\sigma_e = \text{id}_A\] (2) \[\alpha(s, e) = \alpha(e, s) = 1_A\] (3) \[\alpha(s, t)\alpha(st, r) = \sigma_s(\alpha(t, r))\alpha(s, tr)\] (4) \[\sigma_s(\sigma_t(a))\alpha(s, t) = \alpha(s, t)\sigma_{st}(a)\] for all \(s, t, r \in G\) and all \(a \in A\). The crossed product, denoted \(A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G\), associated to this quadruple, is the collection of formal sums \(\sum_{s \in G} a_s u_s\), where \(a_s \in A\), \(s \in G\), are chosen so that all but finitely many of them are zero. By abuse of notation we write \(u_s\) instead of \(1u_s\) for all \(s \in G\). The addition on \(A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G\) is defined pointwise (5) \[\sum_{s \in G} a_s u_s + \sum_{s \in G} b_s u_s = \sum_{s \in G} (a_s + b_s) u_s\] and the multiplication on \(A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G\) is defined by the bilinear extension of the relation (6) \[(a_s u_s)(b_t u_t) = a_s \sigma_s(b_t) \alpha(s, t) u_{st}\] for all \(s, t \in G\) and all \(a_s, b_t \in A\). By (1) and (2) \(u_e\) is a multiplicative identity of \(A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G\) and by (3) the multiplication on \(A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G\) is associative. There is also an \(A\)-bimodule structure on \(A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G\) defined by the linear extension of the relations \(a(bu_s) = (ab)u_s\) and \((au_s)b = (a\sigma_s(b))u_s\) for all \(a, b \in A\) and all \(s, t \in G\), which, by (4), makes \(A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G\) an \(A\)-algebra. Note that \(A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G\) is a group graded ring with the grading \((A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G)_s = Au_s\), \(s \in G\); it is clear that this makes \(A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G\) a strongly graded ring if and only if each \(\alpha(s, t)\), \(s, t \in G\), has a left inverse in \(A\). In [24], the following result was shown. Theorem 2. If \(A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G\) is a crossed product with \(A\) commutative, all \(\sigma_s\), \(s \in G\), are ring automorphisms and none of the \(\alpha(s, s^{-1})\), \(s \in G\), are zero divisors in \(A\), then every intersection of a nonzero twosided ideal of \(A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G\) with the commutant of \(A\) in \(A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G\) is nonzero. For more details concerning group graded rings in general and crossed product algebras in particular, see e.g. [1], [7] and [15]. Many natural examples of rings, such as rings of matrices, crossed product algebras defined by separable extensions and category rings, are not in any natural way graded by groups, but instead by categories (see [11], [12], The main purpose of this article is to obtain a simultaneous generalization (see Theorem 3) of Theorem 1 and Theorem 2 as well as extending the result from gradings defined by groups to groupoids. To be more precise, suppose that $G$ is a category. The family of objects of $G$ is denoted $\text{ob}(G)$; we will often identify an object in $G$ with its associated identity morphism. The family of morphisms in $G$ is denoted $\text{ob}(G)$; by abuse of notation, we will often write $s \in G$ when we mean $s \in \text{mor}(G)$. The domain and codomain of a morphism $s$ in $G$ is denoted $d(s)$ and $c(s)$ respectively. We let $G^{(2)}$ denote the collection of composable pairs of morphisms in $G$ i.e. all $(s, t)$ in $\text{mor}(G) \times \text{mor}(G)$ satisfying $d(s) = c(t)$. A category is called a groupoid if all its morphisms are invertible. Recall from [12] that a ring $R$ is called graded by the category $G$ if there is a set of additive subgroups, $R_s$, $s \in G$, of $R$ such that $R = \bigoplus_{s \in G} R_s$ and for all $s, t \in G$, we have $R_s R_t \subseteq R_{st}$ if $(s, t) \in G^{(2)}$ and $R_s R_t = \{0\}$ otherwise; if $R_s R_t = R_{st}$, $(s, t) \in G^{(2)}$, then $R$ is called strongly graded. By the principal component of $R$ we mean the set $R_0 := \bigoplus_{e \in \text{ob}(G)} R_e$. We say that $R$ has the nonzero ideal property if to each isomorphism $s \in G$ and each nonzero $x \in R_s$, the right $R_0$-ideal $xR_{s^{-1}}$ is nonzero. In Section 2, we prove the following result. Theorem 3. If a groupoid graded ring has the nonzero ideal property, then the intersection of a nonzero twosided ideal of the ring, with the commutant of the center of the principal component of the ring, is nonzero. Theorem 3 generalizes Theorem 1 and Theorem 2. In fact, suppose that $R$ is a ring graded by the group $G$ and that we have chosen $s \in G$ and a nonzero $x \in R_s$. If $R$ is strongly graded, then $0 \neq x = x1_R \in xR_{s^{-1}}R_s$, which implies that the right $R_0$-ideal $xR_{s^{-1}}$ is nonzero. Now suppose that $R$ is a group graded crossed product $A \rtimes^\sigma_\alpha G$. Then $x = a_s u_s$ for some nonzero $a_s \in A_e$. Hence $a_s \alpha(s, s^{-1}) = xu_{s^{-1}} \in xR_{s^{-1}}$. Therefore the right $R_0$-ideal $xR_{s^{-1}}$ is nonzero as long as $\alpha(s, s^{-1})$ is not a zero divisor in $A_e$. In Section 3, we generalize [19, Theorem 3.4], [20, Corollary 6] and [20, Proposition 10] by proving the following result. Theorem 4. If $A \rtimes^\sigma_\alpha G$ is a skew groupoid algebra with all $A_e$, for $e \in \text{ob}(G)$, commutative rings and $\|\text{ob}(G)\| < \infty$, then $A$ is maximal commutative in $A \rtimes^\sigma_\alpha G$ if and only if every intersection of a nonzero twosided ideal of $A \rtimes^\sigma_\alpha G$ and $A$ is nonzero. The secondary purpose of this article is to determine the center of strongly groupoid graded rings $R$ in terms of a groupoid action on $R$ defined by the grading (see Theorem 6 in Section 4). This generalizes a result for group graded rings by the first author together with Silvestrov, Theochari-Apostolidi and Vavatsoulas (see Lemma 3(iii) in [25]) to the groupoid graded situation. In Section 5, we show that the class of strongly groupoid graded rings which are not crossed products, in the sense defined in [20], is nonempty for any given groupoid with a finite number of objects. In fact, we show, by an explicit construction, the following result. Theorem 5. Given a finite groupoid $G$, which has a nonidentity morphism, there is a ring, strongly graded by $G$, which is not a crossed product over $G$. 2. Ideals In this section, we prove Theorem 3 and a corollary thereof. To this end, and for use in the next section, we gather some fairly well known facts from folklore concerning graded rings in a lemma (see also [12] and [15]). We also show that the commutant of the principal component of rings graded by cancellable categories, is again a graded ring (see Proposition (1)); this result will be used in Section 3. Lemma 1. Suppose that $R$ is a ring graded by a cancellable category $G$. We use the notation $1_R = \sum_{s \in G} 1_s$ where $1_s \in R_s$, $s \in G$. (a) $1_R \in R_0$; (b) if we let $H$ denote the set of $s \in G$ with $1_{d(s)} \neq 0 \neq 1_{c(s)}$, then $H$ is a subcategory of $G$ with finitely many objects and $R = \bigoplus_{s \in H} R_s$; (c) if $G$ is a groupoid (or group), then $H$ is a groupoid (or group); (d) if $s \in G$ is an isomorphism, then $R_s R_{s^{-1}} = R_{c(s)}$ if and only if $R_s R_t = R_{st}$ for all $t \in G$ with $d(s) = c(t)$. In particular, if $G$ is a groupoid (or group), then $R$ is strongly graded if and only if $R_s R_{s^{-1}} = R_{c(s)}$, $s \in G$. Proof. (a) If $t \in G$, then $1_t = 1_R 1_t = \sum_{s \in G} 1_s 1_t$. Since $G$ is cancellable, this implies that $1_s 1_t = 0$ whenever $s \in G \setminus \text{ob}(G)$. Therefore, if $s \in G \setminus \text{ob}(G)$, then $1_s = 1_s 1_R = \sum_{t \in G} 1_s 1_t = 0$. (b) Since $d(st) = d(t)$, $c(st) = c(s)$ for all $(s, t) \in G^{(2)}$, we get that $H$ is a subcategory of $G$. By the fact that $1_R = \sum_{s \in \text{ob}(H)} 1_s$, we get that $\text{ob}(H)$ is finite. Suppose that $s \in G \setminus H$ is chosen such that $1_{c(s)} = 0$. Then $R_s = 1_R R_s = 1_{c(s)} R_s = \{0\}$. The case when $1_{d(s)} = 0$ is treated similarly. (c) Suppose that $G$ is a groupoid (or group). Since $d(s^{-1}) = c(s)$ and $c(s^{-1}) = d(s)$, $s \in G$, it follows that $H$ is a subgroupoid (or subgroup) of $G$. (d) The "if" statement is clear. Now we show the "only if" statement. Take $(s, t) \in G^{(2)}$ and suppose that $R_s R_{s^{-1}} = R_{c(s)}$. Then, by (a), we get that $R_s R_t \subseteq R_{st} = R_{c(s)} R_{st} = R_s R_{s^{-1}} R_{st} \subseteq R_s R_{s^{-1} st} = R_s R_t$. Therefore, $R_s R_t = R_{st}$. The last part follows immediately. □ Proposition 1. Suppose that $R$ is a ring graded by a category $G$ and that $A$ is a graded additive subgroup of $R$. For each $s \in G$, denote $C_R(A)_s := C_R(A) \cap R_s$. If $s, t \in G$, then (a) $C_R(A)_s = \bigcap_{u \in G} C_{R_u}(A_u)$; (b) $C_R(A)_s C_R(A)_t \subseteq \begin{cases} C_R(A)_{st}, & \text{if } (s, t) \in G^{(2)}, \\ \{0\}, & \text{otherwise}; \end{cases}$ (c) $C_R(R_0)$ is a graded subring of $R$ with $$C_R(R_0)_s = \begin{cases} C_{R_s}(R_{d(s)}), & \text{if } c(s) = d(s), \\ \{r_s \in R_s \mid R_{c(s)} r_s = r_s R_{d(s)} = \{0\}\}, & \text{otherwise}; \end{cases}$$ (d) if $1_R \in R_0$, then $C_R(R_0)$ is a graded subring of $R$ with $$C_R(R_0)_s = \begin{cases} C_{R_s}(R_{d(s)}) & \text{if } c(s) = d(s), \\ \{0\} & \text{otherwise}. \end{cases}$$ In particular, if $G$ is cancellable, then the same conclusion holds. Proof. (a) This is a consequence of the following chain of equalities $C_R(A)_s = C_R(A) \cap R_s = C_{R_s}(A) = C_{R_s}(\bigoplus_{u \in G} A_u) = \bigcap_{u \in G} C_{R_s}(A_u)$. (b) Suppose that $u \in G$, $a_u \in A_u$, $(s, t) \in G^{(2)}$ and that $r_s \in C_R(A)_s$ and $r'_t \in C_R(A)_t$. Then $(r_s r'_t) a_u = r_s (r'_t a_u) = r_s (a_u r'_t) = (r_s a_u) r'_t = (a_u r_s) r'_t = a_u (r_s r'_t)$. Therefore $r_s r'_t \in C_{R,s}(A_u)$ for all $u \in G$. Hence $r_s r'_t \in C_R(A)_{st}$. If, on the other hand, $(s, t) \notin G^{(2)}$, then, by (a), we get that $C_R(A)_s C_R(A)_t \subseteq R_s R_t = \{0\}$. (c) It is clear that $C_R(R_0) \supseteq \bigoplus_{s \in G} C_R(R_0)_s$. Now we show the reversed inclusion. Take $x \in C_R(R_0)$, $e \in ob(G)$ and $a_e \in R_e$. Then $\sum_{s \in G} x_s a_e = \sum_{s \in G} a_e x_s$. By comparing terms of the same degree, we can conclude that $x_s a_e = a_e x_s$ for all $s \in G$. Since $e \in ob(G)$ and $a_e \in A_e$ were arbitrarily chosen this implies that $x_s \in C_R(R_0)_s$ for all $s \in G$. Now we show the second part of (c). Take $e \in ob(G)$. Suppose that $c(s) = d(s)$. If $d(s) \neq e$, then $C_{R_s}(R_e) = R_s$. Hence $\bigcap_{e \in ob(G)} C_{R_s}(R_e) = C_{R_s}(R_{d(s)})$. Now suppose that $c(s) \neq d(s)$. If $c(s) \neq e \neq d(s)$, then $C_{R_s}(R_e) = R_s$. Therefore, $\bigcap_{e \in ob(G)} C_{R_s}(R_e) = C_{R_s}(R_{c(s)}) \cap C_{R_s}(R_{d(s)})$; $C_{R_s}(R_{c(s)})$ equals the set of $r_s \in R_s$ such that $ar_s = r_s a$ for all $a \in R_{c(s)}$. Since $d(s) \neq c(s)$, we get that $r_s a_e = 0$; $C_{R_s}(R_{d(s)})$ is treated similarly. (d) The claims follow immediately from (c). In fact, suppose that $c(s) \neq d(s)$. Take $r_s \in R_s$ such that $R_{c(s)} r_s = \{0\}$. Then $r_s = 1_R r_s = 1_{c(s)} r_s = 0$. If $G$ is cancellable, then, by Lemma 1(a), the multiplicative identity of $R$ belongs to $R_0$. Proof of Theorem 3. We prove the contrapositive statement. Let $C$ denote the commutant of $Z(R_0)$ in $R$ and suppose that $I$ is a twosided ideal of $R$ with the property that $I \cap C = \{0\}$. We wish to show that $I = \{0\}$. Take $x \in I$. If $x \in C$, then by the assumption $x = 0$. Therefore we now assume that $x = \sum_{s \in G} x_s \in I$, $x_s \in R_s$, $s \in G$, and that $x$ is chosen so that $x \notin C$ with the set $S := \{s \in G \mid x_s \neq 0\}$ of least possible cardinality $N$. Seeking a contradiction, suppose that $N$ is positive. First note that there is $e \in ob(G)$ with $1_e x \in I \setminus C$. In fact, if $1_e x \in C$ for all $e \in ob(G)$, then $x = 1_R x = \sum_{e \in ob(G)} 1_e x \in C$ which is a contradiction. Note that, by Lemma 1(b), the sum $\sum_{e \in ob(G)} 1_e$, and hence the sum $\sum_{e \in ob(G)} 1_e x$, is finite. By minimality of $N$, we can assume that $c(s) = e$, $s \in S$, for some fixed $e \in ob(G)$. Take $t \in S$. By the nonzero ideal property there is $y \in R_{t-1}$ with $x_t y \neq 0$. By minimality of $N$, we can therefore from now on assume that $e \in S$ and $d(s) = c(s) = e$ for all $s \in S$. Take $d = \sum_{f \in ob(G)} d_f \in Z(R_0)$ where $d_f \in R_f$, $f \in ob(G)$ and note that $Z(R_0) = \bigoplus_{f \in ob(G)} Z(R_f)$. Then $I \ni dx - xd = \sum_{s \in S} \sum_{f \in ob(G)} (d_f x_s - x_s d_f) = \sum_{s \in S} d_s x_s - x_s d_e$. In the $R_e$ component of this sum we have \( d_e x_e - x_e d_e = 0 \) since \( d_e \in Z(R_e) \). Thus, the summand vanishes for \( s = e \), and hence, by minimality of \( N \), we get that \( dx - xd = 0 \). Since \( d \in Z(R_0) \) was arbitrarily chosen, we get that \( x \in C \) which is a contradiction. Therefore \( N = 0 \) and hence \( S = \emptyset \) which in turn implies that \( x = 0 \). Since \( x \in I \) was arbitrarily chosen, we finally get that \( I = \{0\} \). Corollary 1. If a groupoid graded ring has the nonzero ideal property and the principal component of the ring is maximal commutative, then the intersection of a nonzero twosided ideal of the ring with the principal component of the ring is nonzero. Proof. This follows immediately from Theorem 3. --- ### 3. Skew category algebras We shall recall the definition of a skew category ring from [20]. By a skew system we mean a triple \( \{A, G, \sigma\} \) where \( G \) is an arbitrary small category, \( A \) is the direct sum of rings \( A_e, \ e \in \text{ob}(G) \), \( \sigma_s : A_{d(s)} \to A_{c(s)}, \ s \in G \), are ring homomorphisms, satisfying the following two conditions: \[ \sigma_e = \text{id}_{A_e} \] \[ \sigma_s(\sigma_t(a)) = \sigma_{st}(a) \] for all \( e \in \text{ob}(G) \), all \( (s, t) \in G^{(2)} \) and all \( a \in A_{d(t)} \). Let \( A \rtimes^\sigma G \) denote the collection of formal sums \( \sum_{s \in G} a_s u_s \), where \( a_s \in A_{c(s)}, \ s \in G \), are chosen so that all but finitely many of them are zero. Define addition on \( A \rtimes^\sigma G \) by (5) and define multiplication on \( A \rtimes^\sigma G \) as the bilinear extension of the relation \[ (a_s u_s)(b_t u_t) = a_s \sigma_s(b_t) u_{st} \] if \( (s, t) \in G^{(2)} \) and \( (a_s u_s)(b_t u_t) = 0 \) otherwise where \( a_s \in A_{c(s)} \) and \( b_t \in A_{c(t)} \). One can show that \( A \rtimes^\sigma G \) has a multiplicative identity if and only if \( \text{ob}(G) \) is finite; in that case the multiplicative identity is \( \sum_{e \in \text{ob}(G)} u_e \). It is easy to verify that the multiplication on \( A \rtimes^\sigma G \) is associative. Define a left \( A \)-module structure on \( A \rtimes^\sigma G \) by the bilinear extension of the rule \( a_e(b_s u_s) = (a_e b_s) u_s \) if \( e = c(s) \) and \( a_e(b_s u_s) = 0 \) otherwise for all \( a_e \in A_e, \ b_s \in A_{c(s)}, \ e \in \text{ob}(G), \ s \in G \). Analogously, define a right \( A \)-module structure on \( A \rtimes^\sigma G \) by the bilinear extension of the rule \( (b_s u_s)c_f = (b_s \sigma_s(c_f))u_s \) if \( f = d(s) \) and \( (b_s u_s)c_f = 0 \) otherwise for all \( b_s \in A_{c(s)}, \ c_f \in A_f, \ f \in \text{ob}(G), \ s \in G \). By (8) this \( A \)-bimodule structure makes \( A \rtimes^\sigma G \) an \( A \)-algebra. We will often identify \( A \) with \( \bigoplus_{e \in \text{ob}(G)} A_e u_e \); this ring will be referred to as the coefficient ring or principal component of \( A \rtimes^\sigma G \). It is clear that \( A \rtimes^\sigma G \) is a category graded ring in the sense of [12] and it is strongly graded. We call \( A \rtimes^\sigma G \) the skew category algebra associated to the skew system \( \{A, G, \sigma\} \). Proposition 2. If $A \rtimes^\sigma G$ is a skew category algebra with all $A_e$, for $e \in \text{ob}(G)$, commutative rings and $\|\text{ob}(G)\| < \infty$, such that every intersection of a nonzero twosided ideal of $A \rtimes^\sigma G$ and $A$ is nonzero, then $A$ is maximal commutative in $A \rtimes^\sigma G$. Proof. We show the contrapositive statement. Suppose that $A$ is not maximal commutative in $A \rtimes^\sigma G$. Then, by Proposition 1(d), there exists some $s \in G \setminus G_0$, with $d(s) = c(s)$, and some nonzero $r_s \in A_{c(s)}$, such that $r_s u_s$ commutes with all of $A$. Let $I$ be the (nonzero) ideal in $A \rtimes^\sigma G$ generated by the element $r_s u_{c(s)} - r_s u_s$. Note that all elements of $I$ are sums of elements of the form \begin{equation} a_g u_g (r_s - r_s u_s) a_h u_h \end{equation} for $g, h \in G$, $a_g \in A_{c(g)}$ and $a_h \in A_{c(h)}$. Suppose that $(g, h) \in G^{(2)}$, for otherwise the above element is automatically zero. We may now simplify: \begin{align} a_g u_g (r_s - r_s u_s) a_h u_h &= a_g \sigma_g (r_s a_h) u_{gh} - a_g \sigma_g (a_h r_s) u_{gsh} \\ &= \underbrace{a_g \sigma_g (r_s a_h)}_{=b} u_{gh} - \underbrace{a_g \sigma_g (r_s a_h)}_{=b} u_{gsh} \end{align} Consider the additive map $$\varphi : A \rtimes^\sigma G \to A, \quad \sum_{s \in G} a_s u_s \mapsto \sum_{s \in G} a_s.$$ It is clear that the restriction of $\varphi$ to $A$ is injective. And since each element of $I$ is a sum of elements of the form (10) it follows that $\varphi$ is identically zero on all of $I$. This shows that $I \cap A = \{0\}$ and hence the desired conclusion follows. □ Proof of Theorem 4. The "if" statement follows from Theorem 3. The "only if" statement follows from Proposition 2 if we let $G$ be a groupoid. □ 4. The center In this section, we determine the center of strongly groupoid graded rings (see Theorem 6) in terms of an action on the ring induced by the grading (see Definition 2). This is established through three propositions formulated in a slightly more general setting. Proposition 3. Suppose that $R$ is a ring graded by a category $G$ and that $s \in G$ is an isomorphism. For each positive integer $i$ take $a_s^{(i)}, c_s^{(i)} \in R_s$ and $b_{s^{-1}}^{(i)}, d_{s^{-1}}^{(i)} \in R_{s^{-1}}$ with the property that $a_s^{(i)} = b_{s^{-1}}^{(i)} = c_s^{(i)} = d_{s^{-1}}^{(i)} = 0$ for all but finitely many $i$. If $x, y \in C_R(R_{s^{-1}} R_s)$ and $$A = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} x y b_{s^{-1}}^{(i)} + \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_s^{(j)} d_{s^{-1}}^{(j)}$$ \[ B = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} x b_{s-1}^{(i)} \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_s^{(j)} y d_{s-1}^{(j)} \] \[ C = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} b_{s-1}^{(i)} \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_s^{(j)} x y d_{s-1}^{(j)} \] then \( A = B = C \). In particular, if \( G \) is cancellable and \[ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} b_{s-1}^{(i)} = \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_s^{(j)} d_{s-1}^{(j)} = 1_{c(s)} \] then the following equalities hold \[(11) \quad \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} x b_{s-1}^{(i)} = \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_s^{(j)} x d_{s-1}^{(j)} \] \[(12) \quad \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} x y b_{s-1}^{(i)} = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} x b_{s-1}^{(i)} \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} y b_{s-1}^{(i)} \] Proof. Suppose that \( x, y \in C_R(R_{s-1} R_s) \). The equality \( A = B \) (or \( B = C \)) follows from the fact that \( y \) (or \( x \)) commutes with \( b_{s-1}^{(i)} c_s^{(j)} \) for all positive integers \( i \) and \( j \). The equality (11) follows from Lemma 1(a) and the equality \( A = C \) with \( y = 1_{d(s)} \). The equality (12) follows from Lemma 1(a), equality (11) and the equality \( A = B \). Proposition 4. Suppose that \( R \) is a ring graded by a category \( G \) and that \( s, t \in G \) are isomorphisms with \( d(s) = c(t) \). For each positive integer \( i \) take \( a_s^{(i)} \in R_s, b_{s-1}^{(i)} \in R_{s-1}, c_t^{(i)} \in R_t, d_{t-1}^{(i)} \in R_{t-1}, p_{st}^{(i)} \in R_{st} \) and \( q_{(st)-1}^{(i)} \in R_{(st)-1} \) with the property that \( a_s^{(i)} = b_{s-1}^{(i)} = c_t^{(i)} = d_{t-1}^{(i)} = p_{st}^{(i)} = q_{(st)-1}^{(i)} = 0 \) for all but finitely many \( i \). If \( x \in C_R(R_{(st)-1} R_s R_t) \) and \[ D = \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} p_{st}^{(k)} x q_{(st)-1}^{(k)} \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_t^{(j)} d_{t-1}^{(j)} b_{s-1}^{(i)} \] \[ E = \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} p_{st}^{(k)} q_{(st)-1}^{(k)} \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_t^{(j)} x d_{t-1}^{(j)} b_{s-1}^{(i)} \] then \( D = E \). In particular, if \( G \) is cancellable and the following equalities hold \[ \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} p_{st}^{(k)} q_{(st)-1}^{(k)} = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} b_{s-1}^{(i)} = 1_{c(s)} \quad \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_t^{(j)} d_{t-1}^{(j)} = 1_{c(t)} \] then \[(13) \quad \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} p_{st}^{(k)} x q_{(st)-1}^{(k)} = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_t^{(j)} x d_{t-1}^{(j)} b_{s-1}^{(i)} \] Proof. Suppose that \( x \in C_R(R_{(st)}^{-1}R_sR_t) \). The equality \( D = E \) follows from the fact that \( x \) commutes with \( q^{(k)}_{(st)}a^{(i)}_s c^{(j)}_t \) for all positive integers \( i, j \) and \( k \). The equality (13) follows from Lemma 1(a) and the equality \( D = E \). Proposition 5. Suppose that \( R \) is a ring graded by a category \( G \) and that \( s \in G \) is an isomorphism. For each positive integer \( i \) take \( a^{(i)}_s, c^{(i)}_s \in R_s \) and \( b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}}, d^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} \in R_{s^{-1}} \) with the property that \( a^{(i)}_s = b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = c^{(i)}_s = d^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = 0 \) for all but finitely many \( i \). If \( x \in C_R(R_{s^{-1}}R_{c(s)}R_s) \) and \( y \in R_{c(s)} \), then \[ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s x b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} y \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c^{(j)}_s d^{(j)}_{s^{-1}} = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} y \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c^{(j)}_s x d^{(j)}_{s^{-1}} \] In particular, if \( G \) is cancellable and \[ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c^{(j)}_s d^{(j)}_{s^{-1}} = 1_{c(s)} \] then \[ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s x b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} \in C_R(R_{c(s)}) \] If also \( x \in Z(R_{d(s)}) \), then \[ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s x b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} \in Z(R_{c(s)}) \] Proof. Suppose that \( x \in C_R(R_{s^{-1}}R_{c(s)}R_s) \) and \( y \in R_{c(s)} \). The equality (14) follows from the fact that \( x \) commutes with \( b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}}yc^{(j)}_s \) for all positive integers \( i \) and \( j \). The claim (15) follows from (11) and (14). The claim (16) follows from (15) and the fact that \( Z(R_c) = R_c \cap C_R(R_c) \) for any \( c \in \text{ob}(G) \). Definition 1. Suppose that \( R \) is a ring strongly graded by a groupoid \( G \). By abuse of notation, we let \( C(R) \) (or \( Z(R) \)) denote the groupoid with \( C_R(R_e) \) (or \( Z(R_e) \)), \( e \in \text{ob}(G) \), as objects, and the ring isomorphisms \( C_R(R_{d(e)}) \to C_R(R_{c(s)}) \) (or \( Z(R_{d(s)}) \to Z(R_{c(s)}) \)), \( s \in G \), as morphisms. Definition 2. Suppose that \( R \) is a ring strongly graded by a groupoid \( G \). For each \( s \in G \) and each positive integer \( i \), take \( a^{(i)}_s \in R_s \) and \( b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} \in R_{s^{-1}} \) with the property that \( a^{(i)}_s = b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = 0 \) for all but finitely many \( i \) and \( \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = 1_{c(s)} \). Define a function \( \sigma_s : R \to R \) by \( \sigma_s(x) = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s x b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} \), \( x \in R \). By abuse of notation, we let every restriction of \( \sigma_s \) to subsets of \( R \) also be denoted by \( \sigma_s \). Proposition 6. Suppose that \( R \) is a ring strongly graded by a groupoid \( G \). Then the association of each \( e \in \text{ob}(G) \) and each \( s \in G \) to the ring \( C_R(R_e) \) (or the ring \( Z(R_e) \)) and the function \( \sigma_s : C_R(R_{d(s)}) \to C_R(R_{c(s)}) \) (or \( \sigma_s : Z(R_{d(s)}) \to Z(R_{c(s)}) \)) respectively, defines a functor of groupoids \[ \sigma : G \to C(R) \text{ (or } \sigma : G \to Z(R)). \] Moreover, \( \sigma \) is uniquely defined on morphisms by the relations \( \sigma_s(x)r_s = r_s x \) and \( \sigma_s(x)\mathbf{1}_{c(s)} = \sigma_s(x), \ s \in G, \ x \in C_R(R_{d(s)}) \) (or \( x \in Z(R_{d(s)}) \)), \( r_s \in R_s \). Proof. We show the claim about \( C(R) \). Since the claim about \( Z(R) \) can be shown in a completely analogous way we leave the details of this to the reader. Take \( s \in G \). By (15), \( \sigma_s \) is well defined. It is clear that \( \sigma_s \) is additive and that \( \sigma_s(1_{R_{d(s)}}) = 1_{R_{c(s)}} \). By (12), \( \sigma_s \) is multiplicative. Take \( t \in G \) with \( d(s) = c(t) \). By (13), \( \sigma_{st} = \sigma_s \sigma_t \). By (11), the definition of \( \sigma_s \) does not depend on the particular choice of \( a^{(i)}_s \in R_s \) and \( b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} \in R_{s^{-1}} \) subject to the condition \( \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = 1_{c(s)} \). Therefore, for each \( e \in \text{ob}(G) \), we can make the choice \( a^{(1)}_e = b^{(1)}_e = 1_e \) and \( a^{(i)}_e = b^{(i)}_e = 0 \) for all integers \( i \geq 2 \); it is easy to see that this implies that \( \sigma_e = id_{C_R(R_e)} \). For the second part of the proof suppose that \( s \in G, \ x \in C_R(R_{d(s)}) \) and \( y \in R \) satisfy \( yr_s = r_s x \) for all \( r_s \in R_s \). Then \( \sigma_s(x) = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s x b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} ya^{(i)}_s b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = y\mathbf{1}_{c(s)} = y \). Finally, suppose that \( s \in G, \ x \in C_R(R_{d(s)}) \) and \( r_s \in R_s \). Then \( \sigma_s(x)r_s = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s x b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} r_s = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} r_s x = \mathbf{1}_{c(s)} r_s x = r_s x \). It is clear that \( \sigma_s(x)\mathbf{1}_{c(s)} = \sigma_s(x) \). \( \square \) Theorem 6. The center of a strongly groupoid graded ring \( R \) equals the collection of \( \sum_{e \in \text{ob}(G)} x_e, \ x_e \in C_R(R_e), \ e \in \text{ob}(G), \) satisfying \( \sigma_s(x_{d(s)}) = x_{c(s)}, \ s \in G \). In particular, if \( G \) is the disjoint union of groups \( G_e, \ e \in \text{ob}(G) \), then the center of \( R \) equals the direct sum of the rings \( C_R(R_e)^{G_e}, \ e \in \text{ob}(G) \). Proof. Suppose that \( y = \sum_{s \in G} y_s \) belongs to the center of \( R \) where \( y_s \in R_s, \ s \in G, \) and \( y_s = 0 \) for all but finitely many \( s \in G \). Since \( 1_s y = y1_s, \ e \in \text{ob}(G), \) we get that \( y_s = 0 \) whenever \( c(s) \neq d(s) \). Therefore, \( y = \sum_{e \in \text{ob}(G)} x_e \) where \( x_e = \sum_{s \in G_e} y_s, \ e \in \text{ob}(G) \). Since \( y \in C_R(R_e), \ e \in \text{ob}(G), \) we get that \( x_e \in C_R(R_e), \ e \in \text{ob}(G) \). Take \( s \in G \). The relation \( r_s y = yr_s, \ r_s \in R_s, \) and the last part of Proposition 6 imply that \( \sigma_s(x_{d(s)}) = x_{c(s)} \). On the other hand, it is clear, by the last part of Proposition 6, that all sums \( \sum_{e \in \text{ob}(G)} x_e, \ x_e \in C_R(R_e), \ e \in \text{ob}(G), \) satisfying \( \sigma_s(x_{d(s)}) = x_{c(s)}, \ s \in G, \) belong to the center of \( R \). The last part of the claim is obvious. \( \square \) ### 5. Examples In this section, we show Theorem 5. Our method will be to generalize, to category graded rings (see Proposition 7), the construction given in [3] for the group graded situation. To do that, we first need to introduce some more notations. Let \( K \) be a field and \( G \) a category. Suppose that \( n \) is a positive integer and choose \( s_i \in G, \) for \( 1 \leq i \leq n \). For \( 1 \leq i, j \leq n, \) let \( e_{ij} \in M_n(K) \) be the matrix with 1 in the \( ij \)th position and 0 elsewhere. For \( s \in G, \) we let \( R_s \) be the \( K \)-vector subspace of \( M_n(K) \) spanned by the set of \( e_{ij}, \) for \( 1 \leq i, j \leq n, \) such that \( (s_i, s) \in G^{(2)} \) and \( s_i s = s_j. \) Proposition 7. If \( s, t \in G, \) then, with the above notations, we get that (a) \( R_sR_t \subseteq R_{st} \), if \((s, t) \in G^{(2)}\), and \( R_sR_t = \{0\} \), otherwise. (b) If \( G \) is cancellable, then the sum \( R := \sum_{s \in G} R_s \) is direct. Therefore, in that case, \( R \) is a ring graded by \( G \) with components \( R_s \), for \( s \in G \). Proof. (a) Suppose that \((s, t) \in G^{(2)}\). Take \( e_{ij} \in R_s \) and \( e_{lk} \in R_t \). If \( j \neq l \), then \( e_{ij}e_{lk} = 0 \in R_{st} \). Now let \( j = l \). Then, since \( s_is = s_j \) and \( s_jt = s_k \), we get that \( s_is t = s_jt = s_k \). Hence, \( e_{ij}e_{jk} = e_{ik} \in R_{st} \). (b) Let \( X_s \) denote the collection of pairs \((i, j)\), where \( 1 \leq i, j \leq n \), such that \((s_i, s) \in G^{(2)}\) and \( s_i s = s_j \). Suppose that \( s \neq t \). Seeking a contradiction suppose that \( X_s \cap X_t \neq \emptyset \). Then there would be integers \( k \) and \( l \), with \( 1 \leq k, l \leq n \), such that \( s_k s = s_l = s_t \). By the cancellability of \( G \) this would imply that \( s = t \). Therefore, the sets \( X_s \), for \( s \in G \), are pairwise disjoint. The claim now follows from the fact that \( R_s = \sum_{(i, j) \in X_s} Ke_{ij} \) for all \( s \in G \). Proof of Theorem 5. Let \( H \) be a finite connected groupoid with at least one nonidentity morphism. We begin by showing that one may always find a subring of a matrix ring which is strongly graded by \( H \), but which is not a crossed product in the sense of [20]. If \( H \) only has one object, then it is a group in which case it has already been treated in [3]. Therefore, from now on, we assume that we can choose two different objects \( e \) and \( f \) from \( H \). We denote the morphisms of \( H \) by \( t_1, t_2, \ldots, t_n \). For technical reasons, we suppose that \( t_n = e \) and that \( d(t_1) = f \) and \( c(t_1) = e \). Let us now choose \( n + 1 \) morphisms \( s_1, s_2, \ldots, s_{n+1} \) from \( H \) in the following way; \( s_i = t_i \), when \( 1 \leq i \leq n \), and \( s_{n+1} = t_n \). First we define \( R \) according to the beginning of Section 5 and show that it is strongly graded by \( H \). Take \((s, t) \in H^{(2)}\) and \( e_{kl} \in R_{st} \). This means that \( s_i s t = s_k \). Now pick an integer \( j \) with \( 1 \leq j \leq n \) and \( s_i t = s_j \); this is possible since \( \{s_i \mid 1 \leq i \leq n\} = H \). Then \( e_{ji} \in R_s \) and, since \( s_j s = s_i t s = s_k \), we get that \( e_{kj} \in R_s \). Therefore, \( e_{kl} = e_{kj}e_{ji} \in R_sR_t \). Hence, \( R \) is strongly graded. Now we shall show that \( R \) is not a crossed product over \( H \) in the sense defined in [20]. For \( g, h \in \text{ob}(H) \), let \( H_{g,h} \) denote the set of \( s \in H \) with \( c(s) = g \) and \( d(s) = h \). Since \( H \) is connected, all the sets \( H_{g,h} \) have the same cardinality; denote this cardinality by \( m \). The component \( R_e \) is the \( K \)-vector space spanned by the collection of \( e_{ij} \) with \( s_i e = s_j \), that is, such that \( s_i = s_j \) and \( d(s_j) = e \). Therefore, the \( K \)-dimension of \( R_e \) equals \( m + 3 \). Furthermore, the component \( R_{t_1} \) is the \( K \)-vector space spanned by the collection of \( e_{ij} \) with \( s_i t_1 = s_j \). Since \( d(t_1) = f \neq e \), this implies that the \( K \)-dimension of \( R_{t_1} \) equals \( m + 1 \). Seeking a contradiction, suppose that \( R_{t_1} \) is free on one generator \( u \) as a left \( R_e \)-module. Then the map \( \theta : R_e \to R_{t_1} \), defined by \( \theta(x) = xu \), for \( x \in R_e \), is, in particular, an isomorphism of \( K \)-vector spaces. Since \( \dim_K(R_e) = m + 3 > m + 1 = \dim_K(R_{t_1}) \), this is impossible. We shall now show that our groupoid \( G \) is the disjoint union of connected groupoids. Define an equivalence relation \( \sim \) on \( \text{ob}(G) \) by saying that \( e \sim f \), for \( e, f \in \text{ob}(G) \), if there is a morphism in \( G \) from \( e \) to \( f \). Choose a set \( E \) of representatives for the different equivalence classes defined by \( \sim \). For each $e \in E$, let $[e]$ denote the equivalence class to which $e$ belongs. Let $G_{[e]}$ denote the subgroupoid of $G$ with $[e]$ as set of objects and morphisms $s \in G$ with the property that $c(s), d(s) \in [e]$. Then each $G_{[e]}$, for $e \in E$, is a connected groupoid and $G = \bigcup_{e \in E} G_{[e]}$. For each $e \in E$, we now wish to define a strongly $G_{[e]}$-graded ring $R_{[e]}$. We consider three cases. If $G_{[e]} = \{e\}$, then let $R_{[e]} = K$. If $[e] = \{e\}$ but the group $G_{[e]}$ contains a nonidentity morphism, then let $R_{[e]}$ be a strongly $G_{[e]}$-graded ring which is not a crossed product as defined in [3]. If $[e]$ has more than one element, let $R_{[e]}$ denote the strongly $G_{[e]}$-graded ring according to the construction in the first part of the proof. We may define a new ring $S$ to be the direct sum $\bigoplus_{e \in E} R_{[e]}$ and one concludes that $S$ is strongly graded by $G$ but not a crossed product in the sense of [20]. Example 1. To exemplify Theorem 5, we now give explicitly the construction in the simplest possible case when $G$ is not a group. Namely, let $G$ be the unique thin\footnote{In the sense that there is at most one morphism from one object to another.} connected groupoid with two objects. More concretely this means that the morphisms of $G$ are $e$, $f$, $s$ and $t$; multiplication is defined by the relations $$e^2 = e, \quad f^2 = f, \quad es = s, \quad te = t, \quad sf = s, \quad ft = t.$$ Put $$s_1 = e, \quad s_2 = s, \quad s_3 = t, \quad s_4 = s_5 = f.$$ and define the $G$-graded ring $R$ as above. A straightforward calculation shows that $$R_e = Ke_{11} + Ke_{33}$$ $$R_f = Ke_{22} + Ke_{44} + Ke_{45} + Ke_{54} + Ke_{55}$$ $$R_s = Ke_{12} + Ke_{34} + Ke_{35}$$ $$R_t = Ke_{21} + Ke_{43} + Ke_{33}$$ Another straightforward calculation shows that $$R_e R_e = R_e, \quad R_f R_f = R_f, \quad R_e R_s = R_s$$ $$R_t R_e = R_t, \quad R_s R_f = R_s, \quad R_f R_t = R_t.$$ Therefore $R$ is strongly graded by $G$. However, $R$ is not a crossed product in the sense defined in [20]. In fact, since $\dim_K(R_f) = 5 > 3 = \dim_K(R_t)$, the left $R_f$-module $R_t$ can not be free on one generator. By a similar argument, the left $R_t$-module $R_s$ is not free on one generator. 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Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden* E-mail address: [email protected] Patrik Lundström, University West, Department of Engineering Science, SE-46186 Trollhättan, Sweden E-mail address: [email protected]	<urn:uuid:15221857-89bb-4148-914d-d1c9daf32961>	CC-MAIN-2019-04	https://arxiv.org/pdf/0907.0997.pdf	2019-01-15T23:41:36Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583656530.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20190115225438-20190116011438-00023.warc.gz	428,808,779	15,688	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.664485	eng_Latn	0.844082	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "dan_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 2633, 5650, 9145, 12181, 15789, 19028, 21592, 23989, 27068, 31167, 35322, 38025, 41339, 43323 ]
An AUD Hedged series is provided to illustrate relative risk due to the relatively short US Dollar History 1 Total Firm Infrastructure assets is comprised of the Select Infrastructure strategy and Core Infrastructure strategy. 3 Risk measures are for the Global Core Infrastructure Hedged in AUD composite. The Global Infrastructure benchmark is comprised of the following: from inception to 31 December 2014 the benchmark is UBS Developed Infrastructure & Utilities Index NTR Index (Hedged in AUD) and from 1 January 2015 onwards, the benchmark is the S&P Global Infrastructure NTR Index (Hedged in AUD). The Global Equity Index is the MSCI World NTR Index (Hedged in AUD) 2 Returns are for the Global Core Infrastructure Composite in USD. The Global Infrastructure benchmark is comprised of the following: from inception to 31 December 2014 the benchmark is UBS Developed Infrastructure & Utilities NTR Index and from 1 January 2015 onwards, the benchmark is the S&P Global Infrastructure NTR Index. 4 The exposures are by domicile of listing. Representative portfolio. * Returns are only for part year. Cash, 3.1% During the June 2015 quarter, in US dollar terms, the MFG Core Infrastructure Strategy (the 'Strategy') returned -2.9% before fees. This was 0.8% under the benchmark return of 2.1%. This brought the 1 year return to 30 June 2015 for the Strategy to -3.5%, +0.6% better than the benchmark return of -4.1%. The negative return for the quarter was largely the result of the market's reaction to the crisis in Greece. The Strategy's units fell by more than 3% in the last five trading days of the quarter. We strongly believe that the market had been irrational, particularly regarding the very high quality, defensive holdings in the Strategy and we expect those stocks to recover going forward. Indeed, the Strategy recovered over 1.5% in the first trading day of July. Notwithstanding, the quarter also saw a selloff in US Utilities as the prospects of a rise in interest rates in the US increase. The Airports sector was the only positive area in the Strategy during the quarter, returning 4.2%. All other sectors and regions performed poorly during the quarter. The best performing stocks during the quarter were all airports stocks being Mexican airports GAPB (TSR of +10.5%), ASURB (+9.0%), OMAB (+7.6%), and Auckland Airport (+9.6%). The worst performing stocks were toll road company OHL Mexico (28.9%), and US Utilities PNM Resources (-14.9%), ITC (13.6%), Empire District Electric (-11.1%) and Vectren (11.1%). During the quarter, there were divergent returns from stocks included in commonly used benchmark indices but excluded from MFGAM's universe of investable stocks. On the positive side, Japanese Power Utilities were up over 24% for the quarter, Japanese Rail Companies were up over 13%, Chinese Infrastructure stocks increased by an average of 18% and Brazilian stocks were up over 7%. In contrast, US rail companies were down over 12%, US competitive energy businesses declined by an average of 5% and US Oil & Gas MLPs were down an average 4%. As we have discussed previously, there is no universally agreed definition of what is or is not an infrastructure asset. Therefore, every manager needs to define their investment universe as the first step in building a portfolio. Magellan uses what most asset consultants and research houses judge to be the most conservative definition of the term infrastructure of all listed infrastructure managers globally. Magellan refers to the universe of stocks meeting our definition as the Magellan Core Infrastructure Index. The following analysis uses the performance of stocks included in this index to review the key trends in the last five years. Over the last 5 years, the Magellan Core Infrastructure Index returned 18.4% per annum gross of before fees (compared to a gross before fee return from the Magellan Infrastructure Strategy of 19.8% per annum). The following graph shows returns by sector over this period (which we calculate by taking the average local currency return of the stocks in that sector). The key observations to be made from this data are: - As we would expect, the returns from the utility sectors were more consistent than the non-utility sectors - The higher returning non-utility sectors were led by the Airports sector which returned 25% pa over the period. The next graph shows returns by region. Clearly, the Latin American returns, which are primarily driven by four Mexican airport companies, were outstanding while the Asia Pacific stocks also performed very strongly (note that we only include developed markets in the Asia Pacific region). It is worth noting that, despite the ongoing economic problems in Europe, stocks from that region performed in line with the US, UK and Canada. In terms of individual stock performance: * The best performing stock was Mexican airport company OMAB with a TSR of 38.5%; * 5 of the 6 best performing stocks were airports; * Pleasingly, only one stock of the 86 stocks in the index delivered a negative return over the five year period. Finally, one of the key reasons that investors choose to include global listed infrastructure in their asset allocation is to diversify their exposures from global equity markets. One of the key criteria used to measure how effective an investment is at risk reduction and diversification is called 'Downside Capture'. This measures how the investment performs when equity markets go down. An analysis of performance over the five years to 30 June 2015 shows that the Magellan Core Infrastructure Index downside capture ratio was -0.1 (and indeed the Strategy achieved the same result). This means that, on average, the index delivers investors a positive return when global equity markets fall. The MFG Core Infrastructure Strategy seeks to provide investors with attractive risk-adjusted returns from the infrastructure asset class. It does this by investing in a portfolio of listed infrastructure companies that meet MFGAM's strict definition of infrastructure at discounts to their assessed intrinsic values. We expect that the Strategy should provide investors with real returns of approximately 5% to 6% over the longer term. We believe that infrastructure assets, with requisite earnings reliability and a linkage of earnings to inflation, offer attractive, long-term investment propositions. Furthermore, given the predictable nature of earnings and the structural linkage of those earnings to inflation, the investment returns generated by infrastructure assets are different from standard asset classes and offer investors valuable diversification when included in an investment portfolio. In the current uncertain economic and investment climate, the reliable financial performance of infrastructure investments makes them particularly attractive and an investment in listed infrastructure can be expected to reward patient investors with a three to five year timeframe. IMPORTANT NOTICE This material is being furnished to you to provide summary information regarding Magellan Asset Management Limited 'doing business as'/'trading as' MFG Asset Management ('MFGAM') and an investment fund or investment strategy managed by MFGAM ('Strategy'). No distribution of this material will be made in any jurisdiction where such distribution is not authorised or is unlawful. This material is not intended to constitute advertising or advice of any kind and you should not construe the contents of this material as legal, tax, investment or other advice. The investment program of the Strategy presented herein is speculative and may involve a high degree of risk. The Strategy is not intended as a complete investment program and is suitable only for sophisticated investors who can bear the risk of loss. The Strategy may lack diversification, which can increase the risk of loss to investors. The Strategy's performance may be volatile. The past performance of the Strategy is not necessarily indicative of future results and no person guarantees the performance of the Strategy or the amount or timing of any return from it. There can be no assurance that the Strategy will achieve any targeted returns, that asset allocations will be met or that the Strategy will be able to implement its investment Strategy or achieve its investment objective. The management fees, incentive fees and allocation and other expenses of the Strategy will reduce trading profits, if any, or increase losses. The Strategy will have limited liquidity, no secondary market for interests in the Strategy is expected to develop and there are restrictions on an investor's ability to withdraw and transfer interests in the Strategy. In making an investment decision, you must rely on your own examination of any offering documents relating to the Strategy. No representation or warranty, express or implied, is made with respect to the correctness, accuracy, reasonableness or completeness of any of the information contained in this material. This information is subject to change at any time and no person has any responsibility to update any of the information provided in this material. MFGAM will not be responsible or liable for any losses, whether direct, indirect or consequential, including loss of profits, damages, costs, claims or expenses, relating to or arising from your use or reliance upon any part of the information contained in this material including trading losses, loss of opportunity or incidental or punitive damages. This material is strictly confidential and is being provided to you solely for your information and must not be copied, reproduced, published, distributed, disclosed or passed to any other person at any time without the prior written consent of MFGAM. Any trademarks, logos, and service marks contained herein may be the registered and unregistered trademarks of their respective owners. Nothing contained herein should be construed as granting by implication, or otherwise, any licence or right to use any trademark displayed without the written permission of the owner. Performance is compared to the Global Infrastructure Benchmark which comprises of the following: from inception to 31 December 2014, the benchmark is UBS Developed Infrastructure & Utilities Index NTR Index and from 1 January 2015 onwards, the benchmark is the S&P Global Infrastructure NTR Index. Both indices are market capitalisation weighted indices that are designed to measure the performance of listed Infrastructure and Utility stocks. Index results assume the reinvestment of all distributions of capital gain and net investment income using a tax rate applicable to non-resident institutional investors who do not benefit from double taxation treaties. United Kingdom - This material does not constitute an offer or inducement to engage in an investment activity under the provisions of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA). This material does not form part of any offer or invitation to purchase, sell or subscribe for, or any solicitation of any such offer to purchase, sell or subscribe for, any shares, units or other type of investment product or service. This material or any part of it, or the fact of its distribution, is for background purposes only. This material has not been approved by a person authorised under the FSMA and its distribution in the United Kingdom and is only being made to persons in circumstances that will not constitute a financial promotion for the purposes of section 21 of the FSMA as a result of an exemption contained in the FSMA 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 as set out below. This material is exempt from the restrictions in the FSMA as it is to be strictly communicated only to 'investment professionals' as defined in Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (FPO). United States of America - This material is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any securities, financial instrument or product or to provide financial services. It is not the intention of MFGAM to create legal relations on the basis of information provided herein. GIPS® DISCLOSURE MFGAM claims compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®). For the purpose of complying with GIPS, the Firm is defined as all discretionary portfolios managed by MFGAM. The MFG Core Infrastructure composite is a global strategy investing in strictly defined or "pure" infrastructure companies (typically 80-120). To achieve investment objectives, the composite may also use derivative financial instruments including, but not limited to, options, swaps, futures and forwards. Derivatives are subject to the risk of changes in the market price of the underlying securities instruments, and the risk of the loss due to changes in interest rates. The use of certain derivatives may have a leveraging effect, which may increase the volatility of the composite and may reduce its returns. A list of composites and descriptions, as well as policies for valuing investments, calculating performance, and preparing compliant presentations are available upon request by emailing [email protected] ^ The representative portfolio is an account in the Composite that closely reflects the portfolio management style of the Strategy. Performance is not a consideration in the selection of the representative portfolio. The characteristics of Industry and Geographical Exposures are calculated on a look through basis based on underlying revenue exposure of individual companies held within the portfolio. the representative portfolio may differ from those of the composite and of the other accounts in the composite. Information regarding the representative portfolio and the other accounts in the composite is available upon request.	<urn:uuid:7172cb19-b62d-4acd-b737-a21972a7d7dc>	CC-MAIN-2021-39	https://sg.mfgam.com.au/investment-strategies/magellan-core-infrastructure/reports/updates-core-infrastructure/core-infrastructure-update3/	2021-09-23T11:02:00+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-39/subset=warc/part-00182-f465d820-0362-4c4c-a396-c69f5fd24cc4.c000.gz.parquet	550,385,305	2,663	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.98979	eng_Latn	0.997065	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1122, 5800, 13879 ]
Air Pollution: How Clean is the Air you're Breathing Right Now? Air pollution has emerged to be one of the greatest environmental and public health risks in the world. The World Health Organization estimates that air pollution contributes to approximately 800,000 deaths and 4.6 million lost life years annually. 1 (PM10) has degraded not only in industrial clusters like Vapi, Ankleshwar and Vatva, however has additionally in private and business zones of Surat, Vadodara, Ahmedabad and Rajkot. plan has been created utilizing the recommendations and best practices endorsed by civic experts, medical practitioners and community leaders, both national and international (Mexico City, Beijing and Los Angeles). The threat and impact of air pollution is even more severe in developing countries like India. India's Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has proclaimed Gujarat as the most contaminated State in the nation. Similarly, Gujarat also tops the list of the seven states that account for 80% of the aggregate waste in country followed by Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. Similarly, the GPCB has also classified Ahmedabad (Gujarat's chief city) as one of the most polluted urban centres in the world. The degradation in Ahmedabad's air quality has additionally brought about genuine health concerns, including unexpected life losses, allergic effects, fibrosis, microbial contamination and increased emergency room visits for respiratory illness. All these adverse impacts have led to a serious demand for an air pollution response plan. Air pollution is a more critical issue, especially for developing nations like India. In highly industrialized states like Gujarat, there appears to be a critical increase in air pollution levels in the recent years. As per the figures shared by Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) in its annual report 2015-16, the ambient air quality Realizing the need to address the rising threat of air pollution in the city, the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) has taken a revolutionary step. The AMC has collaborated with many stakeholders to unveil and implement the city's Air Information and Response Plan. This http://indiatogether.org/air-quality-index-colour-coding-in-india-cities-environment Consolidating the efforts of local government, scientists and NGO's, eight new air quality checking destinations in Ahmedabad are creating a day by day Air Quality Record (AQI) that is accessible to citizens through 11 LED screens across the city, as a feature of what is known as the Air Information and Response (AIR) plan. The Air Information & Response Plan is one of its kind in India and Ahmedabad is the first city that has introduced the air action plan and has taken a small but progressive step towards mitigating the impacts of air pollution. This small step carries the potential of saving millions of lives from the adverse impacts of air pollution. "Cleaning up the air we breathe prevents non-communicable diseases as well as reduces disease risks among women and vulnerable groups, including children and the elderly," says Dr Flavia Bustreo, WHO Assistant Director-General Family, Women and Children's Health. 2 —AIDMI Team 1 World Health Organization, "World Health Report 2002: Reducing risk, Promoting healthy life", World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland. Available from www.who.int/whr/ 2002/en/ 2 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ news/releases/2014/air-pollution/ en/	<urn:uuid:13f306a7-e2c9-4bde-b73b-a591588a05b6>	CC-MAIN-2022-21	http://www.aidmi.org/(X(1)S(wsylcr45tsf2h055yw3jtrje))/sub-images/reports/Air%20pollution.pdf	2022-05-23T03:15:22+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-21/subset=warc/part-00071-bd7ecbba-8e15-4123-ae07-d9c98ad96845.c000.gz.parquet	63,810,128	704	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.997432	eng_Latn	0.997432	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 3456 ]
Dear Councillor FULL COUNCIL Monday 26 th June 2023 at 6.45 pm Unit 25 Westmead Industrial Estate, SN5 7YT You are formally summoned to attend a meeting of AGENDA Parish Manager Public Questions, Comments or Representations (20 mins) If you are unable to attend the meeting in person or online, you can ask for a question to be raised on your behalf 1. Welcome & Declarations of Interest/Applications for Dispensation To receive any Declarations of Interest required by the Code of Conduct adopted by the Parish Council on 22 May 2023. 2. Minutes of the last Meeting To receive Minutes from the last meeting, the Annual Parish Council meeting held on 22 May 2023 for approval and adoption 3. Minutes of the Planning, Leisure and Environment Committee To receive Minutes from the Planning, Leisure & Environment Committee held on Monday 5 June 2023 for approval and adoption. 4. Confirmation of Committee Membership For approval: To receive a list of Committee membership for approval and adoption (copy attached) 5. Update from Swindon Borough Councillors To receive verbal updates and information from Swindon Borough Councillors present. 6. Update from West Swindon Parish Councillors To receive verbal updates and information from West Swindon Parish Councillors present. 7. Confirmation of Councillors Allowances To confirm the amount allocated to Councillor allowances for 2023-24 Page 1 of 2 8. Membership of the Swindon Area Forum/Committee To discuss membership of the Parish Councils Swindon Area Forum 9. Internal Auditors Report For information: To review report from the Internal Auditor for the financial year 2022-23 10. Year End Accounts 2022-23 – Annual Governance Statement To approve the Annual Governance Statement as part of the 2022-23 Annual Return (copy attached) 11. Year End Accounts 2022-23 – Accounting Statement To approve the Year End Accounts 2022-23 and the Accounting Statement as part of the 2022-23 Annual Return (copy attached) 12. Councillor Emails To discuss the options for standardised email addresses for Councillors (report attached) 13. Risk Management Policy & Play Risk Management Policy 2023/24 To review, approve and adopt a Risk Management Policy and Play Risk Management Policy for 2023-24 (copy attached) Date of next meeting: Monday 24 July 2023 Members of the Council: * Cllr Peter Bates * Cllr Junab Ali (Chair) * Cllr Trish Philpot * Cllr Mustafa Dayan * Cllr Suresh Gattapur * Cllr Mustafa Ertas * Cllr Leon Grother * Cllr Graham Philpot * Cllr Andrew Swinyard * Cllr Nandini Singh * Cllr Caryl Sydney Smith * Cllr Rose Llewellyn (Vice Chair) * Cllr Keith Williams * Cllr Tim Makofu * Cllr Sean Wilson Members are reminded that the Council has a general duty to consider the following matters in the exercise of any of its functions: Equal Opportunities (age, disability, gender reassignment, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation), Crime and Disorder, Health & Safety and Human Rights. Access Instructions: The Parish Committee meetings are open to the public at the address above. Each meeting includes public question time at the start of the meeting. There is the option to attend or observe a meeting virtually. For online access, you need to open the link below to access a Microsoft Teams invitation: You may need to download Teams – there is a link below to do this. Microsoft Teams meeting Join on your computer, mobile app or room device Click here to join the meeting Meeting ID: 356 808 822 062 Passcode: saDUTY Download Teams \| Join on the web Page 2 of 2	<urn:uuid:ea02b5e0-43a4-4338-a93f-03185b7d4da8>	CC-MAIN-2024-18	https://files.westswindon-pc.gov.uk/meetings/agendas/2023_06_26_Full_Council_Agenda.pdf	2024-04-12T15:10:50+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-18/subset=warc/part-00021-29538f81-5664-4df2-acb6-7d8ba3d2a1aa.c000.gz.parquet	216,752,096	862	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.976811	eng_Latn	0.977662	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1417, 3607 ]
City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: de Valk, R., Weyde, T. and Benetos, E. (2013). A machine learning approach to voice separation in lute tablature. Paper presented at the 14th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference, 4 - 8 Nov 2013, Curitiba, Brazil. This is the unspecified version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2937/ Link to published version: Copyright and reuse: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH TO VOICE SEPARATION IN LUTE TABLATURE Reinier de Valk Tillman Weyde Emmanouil Benetos Music Informatics Research Group Department of Computer Science City University London {r.f.de.valk,t.e.weyde,[email protected] ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a machine learning model for voice separation in lute tablature. Lute tablature is a practical notation that reveals only very limited information about polyphonic structure. This has complicated research into the large surviving corpus of lute music, notated exclusively in tablature. A solution may be found in automatic transcription, of which voice separation is a necessary step. During the last decade, several methods for separating voices in symbolic polyphonic music formats have been developed. However, all but two of these methods adopt a rule-based approach; moreover, none of them is designed for tablature. Our method differs on both these points. First, rather than using fixed rules, we use a model that learns from data: a neural network that predicts voice assignments for notes. Second, our method is specifically designed for tablature—tablature information is included in the features used as input for the models—but it can also be applied to other music corpora. We have experimented on a dataset containing tablature pieces of different polyphonic textures, and compare the results against those obtained from a baseline hidden Markov model (HMM) model. Additionally, we have performed a preliminary comparison of the neural network model with several existing methods for voice separation on a small dataset. We have found that the neural network model performs clearly better than the baseline model, and competitively with the existing methods. 1. INTRODUCTION The lute, an instrument widely used from the early sixteenth to the mid-eighteenth century, has left us with a considerable corpus of instrumental polyphonic music: over 860 print and manuscript sources survive, containing approximately 60,000 pieces [12]. This music is notated exclusively in lute tablature. Lute tablature is a practical notation that provides no direct pitch information and only limited rhythmic information, but instead instructs the player where to place the fingers on the fretboard and which strings to pluck (see Figure 1). It reveals very little about the polyphonic structure of the music it encodes, since it specifies neither to which polyphonic voice the Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. © 2013 International Society for Music Information Retrieval tablature notes belong, nor what their individual durations are. Lute tablature's "alien nature" [5] is the principal reason why, apart from a number of specialist studies, this large and important corpus has so far escaped systematic musicological research. Transcription into modern music notation—a format much more familiar to the twenty-first-century scholar or musician—will increase the accessibility of the corpus, and, in fact, is the current modus operandi among those studying lute music. Transcribing tablature, however, is a time-consuming and specialist enterprise. Automatic transcription into modern music notation may provide a solution. An important step in the process of (automatic) transcription of polyphonic music is voice separation, i.e., the separation of the individual melodic lines ('voices') that together constitute the polyphonic fabric. Using machine learning techniques, we have developed two models for voice separation in lute tablature—a neural network model and a baseline hidden Markov model (HMM) model—which, with some modifications, can also be applied to other music corpora. The outline of this paper is as follows: in Section 2, the existing methods for voice separation are discussed. In Section 3 the proposed models are introduced, and in Section 4 the dataset is presented. Section 5 is dedicated to the evaluation of the models; in Section 6 the results are discussed; and in Section 7 the performance of the neural network model is compared with that of several existing methods. Concluding thoughts are presented in Section 8. 2. RELATED WORK During the last decade, several methods for separating voices in symbolic polyphonic music formats have been developed. 1 Except for two, described further below, all of these methods are rule-based. More concretely, they are based on at least one of two fundamental perceptual principles that group notes into voices, which have been 1 In addition, a number of methods for voice separation in music in audio format exist—these, however, are left out of consideration here. labelled the Pitch Proximity Principle and the Temporal Continuity Principle by Huron [6]. These principles imply that the closer notes are to one another in terms of pitch or time, respectively, the more likely they are perceived as belonging to the same voice. In addition, some of the methods include supplementary perceptual principles. Although these methods vary considerably in their approach, in each of them, the perceptual principles it is based on guide the voice assignment procedure. Temperley [17] adopts an approach based on four 'preference rules,' i.e., criteria to evaluate a possible analysis. Two of these match the abovementioned principles; the other two prescribe to minimise the number of voices (New Stream Rule) and to avoid shared notes (Collision Rule). Cambouropoulos [1] briefly describes an elementary version of a voice separation algorithm based on the (Gestalt) principle of pitch proximity only. Chew and Wu [4] use a 'contig' approach, in which the music is divided into segments where a constant number of voices is active (the contigs). The voice fragments in the segments are then connected on the basis of pitch proximity; voice crossings are forbidden. Szeto and Wong [16] consider voices to be clusters containing events proximal in the pitch and time dimensions, and model voice separation as a clustering problem. The aim of their research, however, is to design a system for pattern matching, and not one for voice separation. In their method, voice separation is only a pre-processing step that prevents "perceptually insignificant stream-crossing patterns" from being returned by the system. Kilian and Hoos [9] present an algorithm that is not intended primarily for correct voice separation, but rather for creating "reasonable and flexible score notation." Their method allows for complete chords in a single voice. In the method presented by Karydis et. al [8], too, a 'voice' is not necessarily a "monophonic sequence of successive nonoverlapping notes" [2]. Rather, they prefer to use the term 'stream,' which they define as "a perceptually independent voice consisting of single or multi-note sonorities." Hence, in addition to the 'horizontal' pitch and time proximity principles, they include two 'vertical integration' principles into their method: the Synchronous Note Principle (based on Huron's Onset Synchrony Principle) and the Principle of Tonal Fusion (based on Huron's Tonal Fusion Principle). A new version of this algorithm is described in Rafailidis et al. [14]. Madsen and Widmer [11], lastly, present an algorithm based primarily on the pitch proximity principle, with some heuristics added to handle unsolved situations. In the remaining two methods, then, machine learning techniques are used. Kirlin and Utgoff [10] describe a system that consists of two components: a 'predicate,' implemented as a learned decision tree, that determines whether or not two notes belong to the same voice, and a hard-coded algorithm that then maps notes to voices. Jordanous [7] adopts a probabilistic approach based on a Markov model, and presents a system that learns the probability of each note belonging to each voice, as well as the probability of successive note pairs belonging to the same voice. In addition to these more recent methods, another rulebased method—one designed specifically for automatic transcription of German lute tablature—was developed as early as the 1980s by Charnassé and Stepien [3]. In their research an approach was followed that combines expert knowledge encoded as rules with simpler heuristics. Although the results appear to be promising, the research seems to have ended prematurely. 3. PROPOSED MODELS We have implemented two models for voice separation in tablature. The first uses a discrete hidden Markov model [13] to predict voice assignments for complete chords; the second uses a neural network (NN) to predict voice assignments for individual notes. The HMM model, in which the tablature chords are the only observations, is straightforward and functions as a baseline model to compare the neural network model against. In our method, as in most existing methods, we use the notion of voice as a monophonic sequence of notes. In contrast to most rule-based methods, however, we allow voice crossings and shared notes (notes where two voices meet at the unison), both of which are perceptually problematic, but encountered frequently in polyphonic lute music. (This goes in particular for shared notes, which, especially in denser polyphony, are difficult to realise technically on the lute. Although actual unisons are sometimes used, a more idiomatic solution is to finger only one note of the unison—a technique also witnessed in keyboard music. Such notes shall henceforth be referred to as 'shared single notes.') Furthermore, unlike most existing methods, we assume in advance a maximum number of possible voices (five). 2 3.1 HMM Model We have used an HMM model in which the observations are the tablature chords, and the hidden states are the voice assignments. Each chord c is represented by a vector of pitches (MIDI numbers), depending on the number of notes in the chord ranging in length from 1 to 4; each voice assignment qt for a given time frame t is represented by a vector of length 4. Here, each vector index represents a voice and can take the values -1, … , 3, where -1 denotes inactivity of the voice, and one of the other numbers the sequence number in the chord of the pitch that is assigned to that voice. For each training set used in cross-validation, we have created a transition probability matrix P(qt+1\|qt), denoting the probability of having transitions between various voice assignments, an observation probability matrix P(ct\|qt), denoting the probability of encountering chord ct given voice assignment qt, and an initial state distribution P(q1). Since a training set might contain no instances of certain chord-voice assignment combinations, we have modified P(ct\|qt) by including a small non-zero 2 Because of technical and physical limitations of lute and lutenist, more voices are rare in lute music. probability for all cases where the number of pitches in a chord is the same as the number of assigned pitches in a voice assignment. This way, we discourage the prediction of voice assignments in which too few or too many pitches are assigned. Finally, the optimal voice assignment sequence is computed using the Viterbi algorithm [13]. It should be noted here that our HMM model is similar to Jordanous's system, as described in [7]. Firstly, both are probabilistic approaches, and second, only pitchrelated observations from the training data are used. The main difference between her system and our HMM model is that in the former, a Markov chain with an ad-hoc cost function based on learned transition probabilities is used. Jordanous herself notes that "[i]t would be interesting to apply Hidden Markov Models . . . so that more of the previously allocated notes can be used to assist in voice allocation." 3.2 Neural Network Model In the neural network model, the task of voice separation is modelled as a classification problem where every tablature note is assigned to a voice—or, in the case of a shared single note, to two voices. We used a standard feed-forward neural network with resilient backpropagation (Rprop) [15] and sigmoid activation function, which provides a proven fast and robust learning model. 3 The network consists of an input layer of 32 neurons, one hidden layer of 8 neurons, and an output layer of five neurons, each of which represents a voice. Having five output neurons enables us to use the network for five-voice lute music; however, because we are currently using a four-voice dataset, at the moment the fifth neuron is never activated. Using the sigmoid function, the individual output neurons all have activation values between 0 and 1; the neuron that gives the highest activation value determines the voice assignment decision. Prior to the actual training and testing, we have optimised the regularisation parameter λ (0.00003) and the number of hidden neurons (8) using a cross-validated grid search. Using cross-validation and regularisation, we have trained in three runs, where each run consisted of 200 training epochs and the network weights were reinitialised randomly at the start of each run. The model from the training run in which the lowest error rate (see Section 5) was obtained, was selected for the validation stage. In the validation stage, the model traverses the tablature note by note, from left to right (always starting with the lowest note in a chord), and assigns the notes to voices. The test process is linear, and previous voice assignments are not revised—except when an assignment conflict arises within a chord, i.e., when a note is assigned to a voice that was already assigned a note in the chord. Because we do not allow two notes within a chord to be assigned to the same voice, conflicts are solved using a heuristic that reassigns the current note to a yet 3 We use the implementation provided by the Encog framework. See http://www.heatonresearch.com/encog (accessed May 2013). unassigned voice. Since we have encountered only two conflicts in our experiments, we will not go into further details on this heuristic here. We assume that the low number of conflicts is due to the fact that the voices already assigned in the chord are given as a feature to the network (see next section). 3.2.1 Features A 32-dimensional feature vector is generated for each tablature note, which contains two types of information (see Table 1). Features 1-12 contain only tablature information, and consist of (a) features encoding instrument-technical properties of the note (1-8), and (b) features encoding information about the position of the note within the chord (9-12). Features 13-32 contain information about the note's polyphonic embedding: (c) pitch and time proximities of the note to the previous note in each voice at the current onset time (13-27), and (d) the voices that have already been assigned to previous notes in the chord (28-32). Three things should be noted here. First, features 1327 encode, in essence, the principles that were labelled Pitch Proximity- and Temporal Continuity Principle by Huron [6]. Second, for the calculation of features 13-32, in addition to tablature information, voice assignment information is needed. Third, the time window within which the information is extracted that is used for the voice assignment decision, is presently still rather limited as it reaches back only one note per voice. Table 1. Features for the NN model. \| Tablature information \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Note information \| 7. isOrnamentation \| \| 1. pitch \| 8. isOpenCourse \| \| 2. course \| Chord information \| \| 3. fret \| 9. numberOfNotesBelow \| \| 4. minDuration \| 10. numberOfNotesAbove \| \| 5. maxDuration \| 11. pitchDistanceToNoteBelow \| \| 6. chordSize \| 12. pitchDistanceToNoteAbove \| \| Polyphonic embedding information \| \| \| Pitch/time proximities \| 23-27. offsetOnsetProx \| \| 13-17. pitchProx \| Voices already assigned \| \| 18-22. interOnsetProx \| 28-32. voicesAlreadyAssigned \| 4. DATASET At the moment, we are focusing on sixteenth-century lute music—more specifically, on intabulations, lute arrangements of polyphonic vocal pieces. There are three reasons for this choice. First, intabulations are highly representative of the entire sixteenth-century corpus since they then formed the predominant lute genre. Second, since the densest polyphonic structures in lute music are found in intabulations, they constitute a sub-corpus that is challenging for our research. Third, the use of intabulations provides an objective way of devising a ground truth by polyphonically aligning the tablature and the vocal pieces, whose voices are always notated separately. We have thus transcribed a number of carefully selected intabulations into modern music notation, and then converted these to MIDI, storing each voice in a separate file. The tablature encoding (in .txt format), together with the MIDI representation of the ground truth, are given as input to the model. The dataset currently consists of nine intabulations, all for four voices (the most common intabulation format), and contains pieces of different polyphonic texture: three imitative pieces, three 'semi-imitative' pieces (pieces that contain points of imitation, but whose structure is not governed by them), and three free pieces. It comprises a total of 8892 notes divided over 5156 chords, single-note chords included (Table 2). Table 2. The dataset used for the experiments. \| Piece \| Texture \| Notes \| Chords \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Ochsenkun 1558, Absolon fili mi \| imitative \| 1184 \| 727 \| \| Ochsenkun 1558, In exitu Israel de Egipto \| imitative \| 1974 \| 1296 \| \| Ochsenkun 1558, Qui habitat \| imitative \| 2238 \| 1443 \| \| Rotta 1546, Bramo morir \| free \| 708 \| 322 \| \| Phalèse 1547, Tant que uiuray \| free \| 457 \| 228 \| \| Ochsenkun1558, Herr Gott laß dich erbarmen \| free \| 371 \| 195 \| \| Abondante1548, Mais mamignone \| semi- imitative \| 705 \| 316 \| \| Phalèse 1563, Las on peult \| semi- imitative \| 777 \| 395 \| \| Barbetta 1582, Il nest plaisir \| semi- imitative \| 478 \| 234 \| \| Totals \| \| 8892 \| 5156 \| 5. EVALUATION 5.1 Evaluation Metrics Our main evaluation metric is the error rate, which is the percentage of notes assigned to an incorrect voice. The error rate is calculated by comparing, for each note, the predicted voice assignment with the ground truth voice assignment. For the NN model, we use two modes of evaluation. In test mode, we calculate the feature vectors with which the model is evaluated using the ground truth voice assignments. In application mode, which corresponds to the 'real-world situation' where the ground truth voice assignments are not provided, we calculate the feature vectors using the voice assignments predicted by the model. In application mode errors can propagate—once a note has been assigned to the wrong voice(s), this will influence the decision process for the assignment of the following notes or chords—typically resulting in higher error values. We thus distinguish between the test error, which is the error rate in test mode, and the application error, the error rate in application mode. For the HMM model, we evaluate using only a single metric that corresponds to the application error in the NN model. Furthermore, for both models we use a tolerant and a strict approach for calculating errors—a distinction that applies to how shared single notes are handled. We distinguish between fully correct assignments (C), fully incorrect assignments (I) and three additional mixed categories: one voice assigned correctly but the other overlooked (O); one voice assigned correctly but another assigned superfluously (S); and one voice assigned correctly but the other assigned incorrectly (CI). All possibilities are listed in Table 3. In the tolerant evaluation approach, then, O, S, and CI are not counted as errors; in the strict approach they are counted as 0.5 errors. Table 3. Error categories (P(n) = predicted voice(s) for note n; G(n) = ground truth voice(s) for note n). \| \| \| \| C \| O \| S \| CI \| I \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 1 \| 1 \| P is G \| X \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| P is not G \| \| \| \| \| X \| \| 1 \| 2 \| P is one of G \| \| X \| \| \| \| \| \| \| P is none of G \| \| \| \| \| X \| \| 2 \| 1 \| one of P is G \| \| \| X \| \| \| \| \| \| none of P is G \| \| \| \| \| X \| \| 2 \| 2 \| both P are G \| X \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| one of P is G \| \| \| \| X \| \| \| \| \| none of P are G \| \| \| \| \| X \| 5.2 Results We have trained and evaluated both models on the complete dataset using nine-fold cross-validation, where the folds correspond to the individual pieces in the dataset and each piece serves as test set once. The results are given in Table 4. Tolerant approach Strict approach Error (%) Std. dev. Error (%) Std. dev. NN model, test error 11.52 3.41 12.87 3.63 NN model, application error 19.37 5.43 20.67 5.61 HMM model, application error 24.95 6.59 25.64 6.69 Table 4. Averaged error rates (weighted) and standard deviation in cross-validation. 6. DISCUSSION The performance of the models is compared by means of the application error rates. We see that the NN model outperforms the HMM model by about 5 percentage points—both when the tolerant and when the strict approach is applied. While the application error gives a realistic idea of how well the NN model actually performs, it is also interesting to have a look at the test error, which reflects the performance of the model when 'perfect' context information—context information derived directly from the ground truth voice assignments—is provided. A comparison of the test and application mode informs us about error propagation in the application mode. On the individual pieces, the test errors are approximately between one half and two-thirds the size of the application errors, meaning that each misassigned note propagates 0.5-1.0 times. The high application errors might be explained at least partly by the observation that the pieces with high application errors contain many longer ornamental runs consisting of single notes, which are highly characteristic for lute music. Thus, when the first note of such a run is assigned to an incorrect voice, the following notes are very likely to be assigned to that voice as well. Because in such cases all notes are considered incorrect, single errors can propagate dramatically. However, the run as a whole will be assigned to a single voice, which is still a musically reasonable choice. This can be reflected using different evaluation metrics such as soundness and completeness (see Section 7). We also observe that both models have problems handling shared single notes. In the NN model, 118 of the 129 shared single notes in the ground truth are assigned to only a single voice in test mode, and 114 in application mode. Moreover, 120 notes are superfluously assigned to a second voice in test mode, and 117 in application mode. We are currently using a simple heuristic to determine whether a note should be assigned to two voices: if the second highest activation value in the network output does not deviate more than 5.0% (the 'deviation threshold') from the highest activation value, the note is assigned to both corresponding voices. Although the current threshold leads to balanced results (118/114 shared single notes assigned erroneously to a single voice, versus 120/117 non-shared notes assigned superfluously to two), the method for determining shared single notes could be improved. In the HMM model, then, the number of shared single notes assigned erroneously to a single voice is in the same range (95); the number of notes assigned superfluously to two voices, however, is much lower (27). With respect to handling shared single notes, the HMM model overall thus performs better. Voice crossings constitute another problem. An informal inspection shows that, in both models, most voice crossings are not detected. In the NN model, the main reason for this is that our features by design provide little support for voice crossings. This might be improved by including a 'melodic Gestalt criterion' in the form of features that represent melodic shape in the model. The inclusion of such features goes hand in hand with an increase of the information extraction window. 7. COMPARISON We have compared our NN model with several of the existing methods for voice separation for which results and evaluation metrics are documented [4, 7, 10, 11, 14]. Using the same cross-validated procedure as above, but now excluding tablature-specific features such as course and fret, we have trained and tested the NN model on a small dataset that is comparable to those used in the above methods, and then evaluated the results using the different evaluation metrics proposed. It must be noted that the results of the comparison are only indicative, as the datasets used are similar but not identical and not all evaluation metrics are defined in detail. Our dataset consists of the first five three-voice and the first five four-voice fugues of book I of Johann Sebastian Bach's Wohltemperirtes Clavier. 4 This collection of 48 preludes and fugues has been used, in total or in part, as the test set in most other methods we compare with—the only exception being the one described in [10], where the model is trained and tested on excerpts of the (stylistically comparable) chaconne from Bach's second violin partita (BWV 1004). To enable a comparison we use five evaluation metrics: precision and recall, defined in [7] as "the percentage of notes allocated to a voice that correctly belong to that voice" (precision) and "the percentage of notes in the voice that are successfully allocated to that voice" (recall); soundness and completeness, defined in [10] as the percentage of adjacent note pairs in a predicted voice of which both notes belong to the same ground truth voice (soundness) and, conversely, the percentage of adjacent note pairs in a ground truth voice of which both notes have been assigned to the same predicted voice (completeness); and Average Voice Consistency (AVC) as used by [4], which measures, "on average, the proportion of notes from the same voice that have been assigned . . . to the same voice." Table 5. Comparison of the NN model with other methods (P = precision; R = recall; S = soundness; C = completeness; A = Average Voice Consistency). 5 \| \| Dataset \| \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| \| P \| R \| S \| C \| \| NN \| 10 fugues (3-4vv) \| 83.12 \| 83.12 \| 94.07 \| 93.42 \| \| [4] \| 48 fugues (3-5vv) \| \| \| \| \| \| [7] \| 45 fugues (3-4vv) \| 80.88 \| 80.85 \| \| \| \| [10] \| Bach chaconne \| \| \| 88.65 \| 65.57 \| \| [11] \| 30 Bach Inventions (2-3vv); 48 fugues (3-5vv) \| \| \| 95.94 \| 70.11 \| \| [14] \| 4 fugues (3-4vv) \| \| 92.50 \| \| \| As can be seen in Table 5, the results obtained by our NN model are in a similar range as those reported for the other models, and at times better. Moreover, with an application error of 16.87% (and a test error of 4.00%), the NN model performs better than on tablature (cf. Table 4). 4 The dataset (in the form of MIDI files) was retrieved from www.musedata.org (accessed July 2013). 5 In [11] it is stated that soundness and completeness "as suggested by Kirlin [and Utgoff]" were used as evaluation metrics; however, the textual definitions given differ. We have not yet been able to clarify this inconsistency, so we present the numbers and metrics exactly as in [11]. [14] use 'accuracy' as metric, whose definition matches that of recall. 8. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK In this paper we propose a neural network model for voice separation in lute tablature. This model is more flexible than the existing rule-based models in that it adapts to the data, and thus is less restricted with regard to what needs to be fixed as a priori rules. The model clearly outperforms the baseline HMM model and also seems to be more robust. In addition, it performs apparently competitively with the existing voice separation methods we have compared it with; however, extended tests will be needed for a systematic comparison. Although there is still room for improvement, the results are sufficiently promising to continue experimenting—not only with NN models, but also with different HMM models. Issues that need to be solved in particular are the high error propagation in the NN model's application mode, which currently complicates a real-world application, the handling of shared single notes, and the detection of voice crossings. In future work, we will therefore extend the current NN model by including more features and by expanding the information extraction window. Additionally, we have started working on an approach that does not assign individual notes, but rather complete chords, to voices. With regard to the HMM model, we will experiment with more complex models using Gaussian mixture HMMs and factorial HMMs. Lastly, we are planning to work towards a more comprehensive and rigorous comparison of voice separation methods. 9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Reinier de Valk is supported by a City University London PhD Studentship and Emmanouil Benetos is supported by a City University London Research Fellowship. 10. REFERENCES [1] E. Cambouropoulos: "From MIDI to Traditional Musical Notation," Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Music, n.p., 2000. [2] E. Cambouropoulos: " ʻ Voice' Separation: Theoretical, Perceptual and Computational Perspectives," Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition, pp. 987-997, 2006. [3] H. Charnassé and B. Stepien: "Automatic Transcription of German Lute Tablatures: An Artificial Intelligence Application," Computer Representations and Models in Music, Ed. A. Marsden and A. Pople, Academic Press, London, pp. 144-70, 1992. [4] E. Chew and X. Wu: "Separating Voices in Polyphonic Music: A Contig Mapping Approach, ˮ Computer Music Modeling and Retrieval: Second International Symposium, Revised Papers, Ed. U. K. Wiil, Springer, Berlin, pp. 1-20, 2004. [5] J. Griffiths: "The Lute and the Polyphonist," Studi Musicali, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 89-108, 2002. [6] D. Huron: "Tone and Voice: A Derivation of the Rules of Voice-Leading from Perceptual Principles," Music Perception, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 1-64, 2001. [7] A. Jordanous: "Voice Separation in Polyphonic Music: A Data-Driven Approach," Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference, n.p., 2008. [8] I. Karydis et al.: "Horizontal and Vertical Integration/Segregation in Auditory Streaming: A Voice Separation Algorithm for Symbolic Musical Data," Proceedings of the 4th Sound and Music Computing Conference, pp. 299-306, 2007. [9] J. Kilian and H. Hoos: "Voice separation—A Local Optimisation Approach," Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, n.p., 2002. [10] P. Kirlin and P. Utgoff: "VoiSe: Learning to Segregate Voices in Explicit and Implicit Polyphony," Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, pp. 552-557, 2005. [11] S. T. Madsen and G. Widmer: "Separating Voices in MIDI," Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, n.p., 2006. [12] A. J. Ness and C. A. Kolczynski: "Sources of Lute Music," The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd ed., Ed. S. Sadie, Macmillan, London, pp. 39-63, 2001. [13] L. R. Rabiner: "A Tutorial on Hidden Markov Models and Selected Applications in Speech Recognition," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 257-286, 1989. [14] D. Rafailidis, E. Cambouropoulos, and Y. Manolopoulos: "Musical Voice Integration/ Segregation: VISA Revisited," Proceedings of the 6th Sound and Music Computing Conference, pp. 42-47, 2009. [15] M. Riedmiller and H. Braun: "RPROP—A Fast Adaptive Learning Algorithm," Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computer and Information Science, n.p., 1992. [16] W. M. Szeto and M. H. Wong: "Stream Segregation Algorithm for Pattern Matching in Polyphonic Music Databases," Multimedia Tools and Applications, Vol. 30, pp. 109-127, 2006. [17] D. 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Legacy of Repression: Violence against Women in Post-Conflict Guatemala Master's Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of Global Studies Elizabeth Ferry, Advisor In Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master's Degree by Nina Kanakarajavelu May 2010 i Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor Elizabeth Ferry for her guidance and patience through the writing process. I am also grateful to Steve Fake who spent countless hours reviewing the various incarnations of this thesis, always with a keen eye for detail. Lastly, I am deeply appreciative of the advice and encouragement I received from Kirsten Weld, Jennifer Schirmer, Gabriella Torres, and others in conceptualizing this paper. ABSTRACT Legacy of Repression: Violence against Women in Post-Conflict Guatemala A thesis presented to the Department of Global Studies Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts By Nina Kanakarajavelu Guatemala‟s 36 year civil war resulted in 662 massacres, 200, 000 dead or "disappeared", and over one million displaced. The Historical Clarification Commission (CEH, Comisión de Esclarecimiento Histórico) found the Guatemalan Army responsible for 93 % of these atrocities and the victims of these massacres to be overwhelmingly Mayan in origin. The "scorched-earth" policies pursued from 1978-83 was so brutal and seemingly indiscriminately murderous towards the indigenous that it has led many to call the scores of massacres "genocide." During the war, violence against women was systematic and prevalent. Thousands of women and girls, primarily non-combatants of indigenous descent, were raped, tortured, and murdered. Though female homicide as a social phenomenon can be observed in numerous parts of the world, such as Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, the case of Guatemala is of particular interest due to the very recent civil war (1960-1996) and the continuing impact the trauma of the war has had on all spheres of Guatemalan society. iii Though there has been some attention paid to the culture of impunity continuing after the war, the majority of existing research only makes a brief mention of the link between former paramilitary groups and the high incidence of female homicide. To understand the phenomenon of contemporary female homicide in Guatemala, I use a historical lens with which to assess the role of the Guatemalan military complex in promoting generalized violence as a means to both retain and expand its power. My thesis seeks to investigate the possibility that patterns of gender-based violence in Guatemala today can be traced back to the brutal counterinsurgency methods and structural violence employed against women during the civil war. Table of Contents Page Number Introduction In 2009, 796 women were murdered in Guatemala, a statistic reflective of the rising rate of female homicides. Though more men than women are being killed, what distinguishes the murders of women is evidence of torture, such as rape, stabbing, or mutilation before being killed. Though Guatemalan state officials often decry the violent murders as isolated incidents or the crimes of gang youths, these explanations are simply strategies to deflect state responsibility for human rights atrocities. As is discussed in subsequent sections, the continuity in violence from the civil war is still being wielded by the military as a political weapon with which to remain in power. I. The Politics of "Femicide" The lack of acknowledgement of gender-based crimes in Guatemala is evinced by the fact that many "femicide" cases are often shelved into the category of "other causes" or "gang related". Amnesty International (AI) states that these categories "conceal the gender-based brutality and sexual nature of many of the killings in which the victim present evidence of rape, mutilation, and dismemberment" (Amnesty 5). Many feminists note that police refuse to look at crimes as gendered, though the brutality of the methods employed and the gender specific methods of violence, such as rape, against the murdered women point to the fact that the victim‟s gender as indeed a motive. This falls into a long-standing pattern demonstrated in many patriarchal societies, in which the motivations for gender-specific violence are obscured or dismissed entirely. There is a general consensus in applying the label of "femicide" to characterize the killings in Guatemala. However, much like the label of "genocide", the term "femicide" is often poorly defined and saddled with varying interpretations. Femicide is defined by the Centre for Human Rights Legal Action (CALDH) as "a combination of repeated and systematic violations of women‟s rights and a state of misogynist violence resulting in assaults, attacks, abuse, and in the most extreme cases, the brutal murder of women" (qtd. in Doiron). Author Jane Caputi further characterizes femicide as a "social expression of sexual politics, an institutionalized and ritual enactment of male domination, and a form of terror that functions to maintain the power of the patriarchal order" (Caputi 205). Human rights activists assert that these killings deserve special attention due to the torture and sexual violence perpetrated before the murder, evidence which suggests that the primary motive for the killings was the victim's gender. Prominent Guatemala scholar, Victoria Sanford, and the Guatemala Human Rights Commission (GHRC) both differentiate "femicide" from the term "feminicide" which has a distinctly more political significance and implicates the involvement and complicity of local and state power structures that downplay or dismiss violence against women. As I will argue below, the label does not provide any additional conceptual advantage in understanding the phenomenon of high female homicide rate in Guatemala. Therefore, I will use "femicide" in this paper to mean the killing of women by men, applying the narrowest definition of this term without implying motive, except where otherwise noted. Victoria Sanford describes "feminicide" in the Guatemala context as the "institutionalized killing of women" - an extension of the genocidal army policy during the civil war (Sanford 104). Sanford‟s paper asserts that women and girls were primary targets of the genocide because of their reproductive capacity and that the types of violence towards women manifested intent to destroy the cultural group (Sanford 107). This somewhat coincides with Ricardo Falla‟s interpretation of the UN Convention on Genocide, stating that if the UN Convention on Genocide definition were to be applied, he "does not believe that the army tried to exterminate the entire indigenous population …because it makes up most of the country‟s agricultural workforce. But it did want to exterminate entire groups of both Indians and ladinos" (Falla 158) 1 . He concludes 1 The 1948 UN Convention defines genocide as the commission of any of the following acts with "intent to destroy, in whole or in part; a national, ethnical, racial or religious group as such: a) killing members of the group; b) causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; c) deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in by saying that "the intention of genocide is present when the army kills to exterminate the biological seed of the group" (158). This suggests that the dictatorships of Rios Montt and General Lucas Garcia reflected genocidal intent at various periods during 1978-1983, and the "genocide" could only be applied on micro scale to individual massacres where there existed an intent to "exterminate the biological seed" (Falla 158). However, applying the label of either "genocide" or "femicide" based on analysis of only select massacres weakens this claim. As Guatemala scholar Greg Grandin emphasizes in his argument against the CEH's designation of "genocide", communities perceived as supporting the rebels were terrorized disproportionately, and thus the massacres fell into the characterization of counterinsurgency rather than genocide (347). Thus, Sanford's assertion is problematic because it oversimplifies a counterinsurgency campaign that used both modes of "selective" and "indiscriminate" massacres to create a generalized climate of fear in which to make survivors more amenable to the military‟s preferred outlook. The shift from "selective" to "indiscriminate" massacres during the reign of Rios Montt, meant the homicide rate for women during the civil war increased dramatically from 14% of victims, to 42% (Sanford 107). Yet it is unclear from this statistic whether women were targeted specifically for their reproductive capacity as Sanford suggests or simply because total extermination of all inhabitants was part of the "scorched earth" policy imposed by Rios Montt. If there was a specific intent to kill women, it would presumably mean that women would account for at least half if not more of the victims of part; d) imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; e) forcibly transferring children of the group to another group." the massacres. However, CEH statistics show that women were victims of 20-25% of human rights violations during the war (CEH qtd. in Franco 2 ). Nonetheless, evidence provided by the CEH and REHMI of violence against women committed in the civil war suggests that the killing of women was institutionalized as a secondary goal in the context of the counterinsurgency during the civil war and then as a mechanism of social control and political oppression afterwards. This remains one problematic feature in proving occurrences of "femicide", the killing of women by men, and "feminicide", the killing of women by men with the complicity of the state, since both definitions state that the gender of the victim was the driving motive for the murder. In this respect, neither Sanford nor other sources, demonstrate convincingly that the high female homicide in Guatemala is driven by a state promoted ideology of hatred towards women. Though Sanford cites that contemporary feminicide in Guatemala is borne out of the civil war era's genocidal intent towards women, her evidence for this claim rests on shaky ground. Violence against women was indeed systematic during certain periods of the civil war, especially during the "indiscriminate" phases of the scorched earth campaign. However, rape and other gender-specific modes of violence were used not as an end goal but in the larger context of the Guatemalan counterinsurgency logic. Though female victims are singled out for gendered violence, there is evidence to suggest that this is merely a continuation of repression from the civil war, and not "femicide", that is, a traditional definition of femicide with gender as the primary motive. The Guatemalan 2 The CEH details the exact percentages of victims by gender for various human rights violation. I have included the percentages here : extrajudicial execution (23% of victims were female, 77% male), deprivation of freedom (21% female, 79% male, torture (23% female, 77% male), forced disappearance (12% female, 78% male), Death due to displacement (51% female, 49% male), rape (99% female, 1% male). state does not merely normalize misogyny but promotes violence, which can take on gendered dimensions when dealing with women, such as the use of rape and other types of sexual violence. The retention of military structures and former perpetrators maintain a climate of fear in order to serve the broader political function of silencing dissent and any threats to its authority. The way contemporary violence of women is being characterized does not fully explain or highlight the distinct historical and social processes in Guatemala that have contributed to these enduring patterns of violence. The label "femicide" also often orients the focus on individual motivations for murders or attributes them to a broad culture of patriarchy, while sidelining the specific social, political, and historical processes contributing to female homicide in Guatemala. Caputi and Russell write that "Fixation on the pathology of perpetrators of violence against women only obscures the social control function of these acts" (Caputi 14). The state's "social control" objective is perhaps most apparent in the high homicide rate, which has been linked by numerous sources to former actors from the civil war promoting public insecurity, in order to politically muzzle the population (Peacock 2). According to Susan Peacock, "the number and patterns of the cases point to a systematic targeting of civil society actors and others involved in anti-impunity initiatives - both those who seek justice for past abuses…and those who denounce present day corruption by state agents" (Peacock 2). Within this framework, politically motivated killings in Guatemala have historically included women and the public display of their tortured bodies to intimidate and paralyze the society. Thus, it is important to delve further to explain the killings in Guatemala as more than a perfect storm of misogyny run amok in the face of government apathy. Rather, the Guatemalan state is using violence and terror against vulnerable groups such as women to preserve the inegalitarian status quo, using tactics perfected during the civil war. II. Contemporary Violence against Women in Guatemala The GHRC reports that between the years 2000 and 2008, roughly 4,000 women have been murdered in Guatemala. Homicide rates in Guatemala are the highest in Latin America, with 42 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants and female homicides accounting for roughly 10% of all murders in 2005 (Sanford 105). However, it is important to note that while Guatemala generally has a high rate of homicide, the increase in deaths for men and women are not comparable. According to Rosalyn Constantino, "in 2004 the number of violent deaths rose in general in Guatemala, murders of men increased by 36 percent while those of women went up by 56.8 percent; in that year, 527 women were reported kidnapped, missing, tortured, and murdered." Most of the victims are between the ages of thirteen and twenty-two years old, although there have certainly been many cases of younger and older victims (Constantino). One case recorded by Amnesty of 15-year-old Maria Isabel showed that the young girl had suffered extreme torture, strangulation, multiple stabbings, and had her hands and feet bound with barbed wire (Amnesty 3). Maria Isabel was one of the few lucky enough to have a witness to identify two of her attackers as well as the house where she was kept before being murdered. Another victim, Andrea Fabiola Contreras Bacaro, was found with the word "vengeance" carved into her skin with a knife (Amnesty 11). Bacaro‟s body also demonstrated many similar signs of torture, rape, and injuries from being stabbed and shot. The fact that the murder victims come from varying age groups and socioeconomic levels has been used as evidence to identify gender as the only common link and possible motive (Shepard). According to Jane Caputi and Diana E.H. Russell, obfuscation of gendered motives for attacks on women by the media and law enforcement has a long history (Caputi). In a series of murder of sex workers in 2001, one victim was found with the words "death to bitches, I‟ve come back", and another victim was found with "I hate bitches" (Amnesty 13). Despite the obvious hostility and sexism present in these messages, the murder was classified by the Guatemalan National Police (PNC) in a way that denied a gender based motive. Some deaths of women have been attributed to gang territoriality from groups such as Mara Salvatrucha, either because the victim wanted to leave the gang or had refused the attentions of a gang member. Though there has certainly been an escalation of gang violence, the Guatemalan police hold these groups uniquely accountable for female homicides. Amnesty reports that when members of the gang Mara Salvatrucha raped and dismembered two sisters, 11 and 16, with a handsaw the courts handed down a fifty year sentence to the guilty party (Amnesty 13). However, in a country with a conviction rate of less than 5%, it is clear that there is political basis for which cases police decide to pursue, investigate, and prosecute. Many scholars have cited that gangs in Guatemala provide police with a convenient scapegoat for the killing of women despite the fact that the methods of killing normally featured in gang violence are inconsistent with the extensive torture and injuries suffered by victims in femicide cases. Gang motivated violence usually revolve around demonstrating power and influence, and are measured in the extent of brutality meted out to victims. This dynamic mirrors the ethos of the Guatemalan army during the civil war, where soldiers were encouraged to commit acts of barbarism including cannibalism, humiliation of victims, and were rewarded in doing so. In fact, upon seeing one femicide victim, Guatemala's morgue chief Mario Guerra professed "I know she died of torture, machete wounds, strangulation, mutilation, dismemberment, blows, rape…I had previously seen this type of violence, but only during the war" (Guerra qtd. in Shepard). Nearly all the female homicide victims show evidence of torture and sexual abuse, thus requiring a window of time and a remote place in which the victims could be tortured without public notice. However, gangs often use guns to kill their victims and leave the crime scene quickly to avoid police sweeps. Sanford states that "gang violence generally involves fire arms and knives. The victim is left with a tattoo or some other distinct mark carved on the body of the victim to mark the authority of the gang" (Sanford 111). Sanford emphasizes that the murder usually shows no expertise and employ a limited amount of resources due to the financial constraints of gangs. Most of the murdered women were found in a different location than where they were tortured, pointing to one or more killers with a means of transport, time, and a means of bypassing authorities. Given such distinct killing styles, gang violence is markedly different from contemporary female homicide in Guatemala, which exhibits a separate set of defining characteristics and requires the complicity of authorities (Sanford 112). The methods of killing show a high degree of organization, thus bolstering the belief that the Guatemalan police (PNC) are colluding with drug trafficking gangs in either perpetuating the violence or covering it up. Police reports often include fabricated details linking the victim to gangs or prostitution despite the fact that very few of the victims actually were prostitutes. This suggests that the PNC believe that women who were linked to either of these stigmatized groups deserved no protection or further investigation, or are socially undesirable and therefore should be targets of violence. Similarly, during the civil war, military officials would often link women they assaulted or murdered as being guerrillas or having links to subversive groups. The mentality shared by the PNC and military is one that demands that marginalized groups such as the poor, women, and street children prove their respectability. Victims are often dismissed because of their supposed involvement with gangs, with 21% of female homicide classified by the PNC as gang related (Sanford 117). Victim blaming is a convenient way for the police to place the onus on the victims for their deaths and is a consistent feature of the Guatemalan police approach to the murders. The families are often interrogated by the police as to whether the victim was dressed provocatively at the time she disappeared, if she had a boyfriend, or had been working as a prostitute or dancer unbeknownst to them. These types of questions merely bolster the idea that if a woman was murdered, perhaps she had done something to deserve it with her behavior. The police frequently attempt to portray the young murder victims as prostitutes, implying that such women were not worthy of protection or further investigation. Even when families come to the police, their inquiries are dismissed and the victim‟s character is denigrated. However, there is evidence to suggest that the police department's apathy may not be so benign, as they have often attempted to downplay the nature of the crimes and have actively discouraged investigation by the families of the murdered women. The response of local officials and state authorities to the climbing murder rate of women in Guatemala City reflects a deep apathy and even antagonism. According to Sanford, murdered women provide a convenient and socially popular justification for targeting poor urban youth that join gangs. In blaming gangs, the state effectively hands off any responsibility for the pervasive climate of impunity and violence. Author Linda Green writes that though the Guatemalan government pays lip service to its‟ citizens about a commitment to human rights, "no one in the high command of the military has ever been convicted or served a prison term for human rights violations, despite the fact that frequently there has been substantial evidence indicating the complicity of the state security forces" (Green 67). The killings in Guatemala have often been compared to femicide in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, which has gained international notoriety as a city where killers thrive on the climate of impunity. In 1993, Ciudad Juarez saw a disturbing trend of extremely violent murders of young women that has continued unchecked for more than fifteen years. Author Katherine Staudt notes that the rise in gender violence and particularly the high rate of female homicide may also be partially attributed to a male backlash in rising levels of female economic independence (Staudt 55). This generally accords with what many have cited as one of the contributing causes of the increased homicide rate for women in Guatemala. Sanford writes that femicide "reveals the very social character of the killing of women as a product of relations of power between men and women" (Sanford 112). This may help explain the killings associated with domestic abuse scenarios and boyfriends or husbands retaliating against what they perceive as a disruption of traditional gender roles. However, violence against women concentrated in urban centers such as Guatemala City may also be explained partially by the historical movement of migrant labor. This trend has been noted in other cities, such as the large population of female migrants in Ciudad Juarez who come to work in the maquiladoras. Author Risa GraisTargow makes this link as well citing that the Guatemala City is a site where vulnerable groups migrate for work, noting that "many women are uprooted from the rural areas, their communities, and families and migrate to urban areas for work. Once they migrate, they have no support network, and they become even more open and vulnerable to violence" (Grais Targow 30). Constantino describes Guatemala's femicide victims as "women who, because of migration, geographic location, or employment, lack close family or community ties, have limited access to the legal system, or work in public spaces that cultural values still mark as masculine." Indeed, many of the sources of gender violence in Juarez are also used to describe the high rates of female homicide in Guatemala. The rise of female-headed households and higher female employment in the maquiladoras has increased "tensions having to do with the distribution of power and resource allocation result between men and women living together" (Fernandez-Kelley 55). Fragoso underscores this point, writing that "men react confronting the liberation of women: while more women gain access to jobs, financial growth and professional success, the violence of men against women increases, although not necessarily against those who are successful" (Fragoso 6). Both Fragoso and Staudt hint that this growing economic resentment in Juarez may have created a generalized antagonism towards women in Juarez society on the part of men. Studies have shown that even earning modest sums of money give women a measure of power in the family structure. Similarly, the rise in female employment in Guatemala may have disturbed existing power hierarchies. It is important, however, to point out that the much discussed culture of "machismo" in Guatemala is only part of the analysis of the roots of gender violence in Guatemala City. One cannot analyze these various contributing factors without looking at the historical context of the civil war. Constantino and others point to numerous factors that have resulted in a push back to an increased climate of repression for women, including the remilitarization of Guatemalan society and integration of security forces from the war into civil society. Constantino attributes several methods of repression such as torture and murder to the armed forces still operating in Guatemala, writing that "carryover of the rage and cruelty that characterized these groups‟ actions during the internal conflict directed specifically at indigenous populations and women" (Constantino). Addressing the causes of "femicide" in Guatemala is a daunting task due to the difficulty in getting local authorities to cooperate and the myriad clandestine groups that still function with impunity. Though Guatemala's patriarchal attitudes and institutional apathy are clearly problematic, these features do not provide a comprehensive explanation for the proliferation of homicide and the role of the Guatemalan state. Only by placing the violent deaths of these women in a proper historical context can we begin to explain the structural violence of a state responsible for such high rates of homicide. III. Guatemalan Civil War It would be difficult to understand the exceptionally brutal nature of the counterinsurgency campaign against the Mayan population without placing it within the historical context of racism and marginalization of the indigenous population of Guatemala. Ladinos were concentrated in the upper most levels of society and were of mixed Spanish and Mayan ancestry. However, historically, these two groups have largely lived in segregation. The gross disparities in land distribution, the lack of regard for basic infrastructure such as schools or hospitals in rural areas resulted in the vast majority of Mayans being illiterate. Simon notes that the disdain for Indians was also seen in everyday Guatemalan parlance and was so pervasive that Guatemalan Nobel laureate Miguel Angel Asturias penned an essay in 1923 entitled "The Indian Social Problem," in which he asserted that they were "dirty, slow, barbaric, and cruel." (59) Exploitation was present in nearly every aspect of the lives of Mayan peasants and their poverty and marginalization was so entrenched in Guatemala that it became nearly a defining character. This only contributed to their disenfranchisement by the Guatemalan state (Manz 44). Beatrice Manz discusses the various implications of the 1934 Vagrancy law, established under President Ubico, which forced "any person who was not working on plantation…or not planting a specified number of acres of land" to enter into a system of debt bondage (47). This law effectively bound Mayan peasant to fincas (farms) in a system which ultimately amounted to slavery since plantation owners were afforded unlimited power in enforcing this law, and resulted in 25% of the male population of entire villages was drafted to work on fincas without pay. According to Jean-Marie Simon, the civil patrol system has its roots in a similar system of forced labor that spans back to the 16 th century, as well as a steady process of expropriation which evicted thousands of peasants from their land (Simon 20). However, under President Juan Jose Arevalo (1945-51), the Vagrancy law was abolished, and various reforms were instituted. Most notably, unions were legalized and some funding was, for perhaps the first time, directed towards rural development and therefore benefited the majority indigenous population. President Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán continued these changes by reimbursing the expropriated land (21). As Simon is quick to point out, Arbenz‟s land reforms were not radical by any stretch of the imagination. However, in a country that had persecuted their Mayan population for centuries, any move that broke with a tradition of siding with land-owning ladino elites was welcome. During this time Mayan peasants began to get involved politically, running for leadership positions in departments with a majority Indian population such as Chimaltenango (Davis 16). The increased political consciousness of many landless peasants, primarily Mayan, manifested itself in factory strikes, town rebellions, and marches. Small rural labor groups such as the Committee of Peasant Unity (CUC) began forming, attempting to unite both ladino and Indian farm workers (20). The organizing efforts of these various groups led to small successes and spawned a number of worker‟s rights groups. Naturally, these subtle moves towards aiding the swathes of poverty struck peasants troubled the CIA‟s "Committee Against Communism" prompting them to compile a black list of 70,000 names (Davis 23). Most of these names were drawn from friends and supporters of President Arbenz, and were automatically handed off to Guatemalan death squads. The CIA then engineered a coup against Arbenz 1954, replacing the democratically elected leader with a puppet dictator Carlos Castillo that would presumably take a hard line stance against the perceived rising threat of communism in Guatemala. The power transfer to Castillo symbolized a halt to the "ten years of spring" ushered in by Arevalo and Arbenz. After this brief period of democratic reforms for the indigenous such as suffrage and land reform, multinational interests spearheaded by the United Fruit Company in the United States obliterated the progress made. Moreover, under Castillo, any sign of dissent was brutally suppressed. Generally, the military apparatus began including various sectors of civil society in the war against the guerillas, perceiving any dissent as an internal threat to the state (Manz 18). This meant an unspoken death warrant for students, particularly of the University of San Carlos, lawyers, activists, and anyone even tangentially associated with opposition to the powerful military complex. The thousands of murdered Mayans were considered collateral damage within the cold war ideology prevalent at the time. The army responded to any sign of activism by amplifying the repression, using fear as a potent means to rule the populace (Manz 20). In keeping with this open policy of terror, the tortured and mutilated bodies of union members, progressives, and activists would routinely show up in the streets. However, the Mayan Indian population bore the brunt of army violence, with massacres racking up death tolls in the thousands. According to Simon, "the retrieval of bodies was so enormous…that they were referred to as leña, firewood" (77). Though massacres against Mayan communities had been carried out by government forces since the 1970‟s, the early 1980‟s saw a sharp peak in the violence, within the context of a larger counterinsurgency campaign. In order to get a representation of the modes of violence used against women in the civil war and the current instability in Guatemalan society, it is important to trace the origins of the counterinsurgency campaigns of General Lucas Garcia and Rios Montt, which account for the majority of the human rights violations committed during the course of the civil war. Ricardo Falla spent a number of years in Ixcán as an anthropologist and saw nearly all phases of military aggression against the local population. He notes that the period of 1979-81 showed a spate of abductions and widespread use of torture. The military initially targeted leaders within communities, including anyone suspected of either being a rebel or collaborating with them (Falla 33). Falla notes that "these abductions were premeditated; the lieutenant knew of them and protected their perpetrators" (33). Also the attacks were carried out in the cover of night fall, making it easier for the army to place the blame on the rebels. Some massacres were selective, such as the one in Cuarto Pueblo on April 30 th , 1981, where the military primarily targeted adult men (Falla 42) who were members of the local cooperative which extended to the whole village. In Falla‟s research, the army made no such distinction in the massacres to the east of Ixcán. Falla cites beheading, rape, strangulation, burning, and evisceration among the tactics that were employed by the military in the Santa Maria Tzeja massacre as well as countless others in February 1982 (54). Falla‟s opinion from his research was that the military "preferred other forms of death to shooting, not out of purse sadism but to avoid bullet shots, which would alert the people in the town of the army‟s proximity" (Falla 71). The army would deliberately chose the day and time when all of the villagers would be gathered together in the market or church, in order to inflict the greatest amount of damage. Moreover, right after instructing the villagers not to run, they sprayed bullets into the crowd and then chased survivors. No one was spared including women and children. This was Rios Montt‟s solution to eradicating the rebels: "to kill the fish, you must drain the sea." Though Rios Montt has in rare instances admitted that his army committed "excesses", namely widespread human abuses, author Jennifer Schirmer asserts that this was a brutal approach was totally in line with the scorched-earth campaign. The complete destruction of non-combatants in enemy zones was intended to take away a base from which the guerillas could recruit new remembers. However, the military was very strategic in choosing their targets. Their maps showed enemy zones marked as "red", denoting that the civilian population would be wiped out. Those villages in the "pink" zones faced attack and partial destruction and the "white" zones would remain untouched (Schirmer 48). Schirmer describes this move as a reclassification of all indigenous in the marked zones as subversives and thus employed a "scorched earth" calling for complete destruction. According to Green, the shift from selective targeting to an all encompassing scorched earth counterinsurgency framework essentially stripped women and children of their protected status in society (9). Other "protected spaces" such as churches and homes that had been desecrated and used as the sites of massacres similarly created an atmosphere that offered no refuge from the violence. Moreover, the fact that the counterinsurgency model actively promoted the belief that there were no "protected spaces" or "protected groups", provoked unthinkable barbarism from soldiers. Green writes that this reconfiguring of civilian and enemy meant that "the community now embodies the very mechanisms of state terror under the aegis of military control" (Green 9). The massacres in the Ixil triangle provide a representative sample with which to assess the various kinds of violence perpetrated against women in the context of "scorched earth" policy. The destruction of Piedras Blancas and other villages in the region were so complete that Falla called it "a clear example of genocide" (Falla 135). More specifically, he cites the army‟s brutal attacks on pregnant women such as evisceration and mutilation of the fetus inside as an attempt to "wipe out the seed" of the guerillas (147). However, several sources make it clear that the murder of women was not one of the primary objectives of the massacre as Sanford suggests. Though there were certainly massacres where women and children were the only victims, REHMI states that usually this occurred when "men either were absent from the village at the time….or they had already been killed" (REHMI 75). According to one priest interviewed by Amnesty International as an eyewitness to a massacre in Huehuetenango, "the women were treated the same as the men, differing only in that some had live babies on their backs when they were stacked for burning" (Amnesty 63). Though women constituted only 23 % of victims in the war, those that survived the massacres had endured countless hardships including repeated rape, torture, and the disappearance of loved ones. When women were separated from men, it was often for gang rape or additional torture. It was also common for soldiers to indulge in "games" designed to humiliate and denigrate their female victims, such as making them cook before raping and killing them. According to Green, rape was generally used as a "mechanism of inscribing the societal violence on individual women‟s bodies and memories" (32). Gang rape and long term sexual slavery was also very common according to the numerous testimonies recorded by REHMI and described as "part of the war machinery" (REHMI 77). REHMI also explicitly states that "a premeditated strategy of violence specifically targeting women cannot be inferred from the information compiled….the testimonies do indicate, however, that the army‟s counterinsurgency tactics against women were consistent at different places and times and formed part of its strategy of mass destruction" (REHMI 79). Death as a result of repeated rape of the victim and rape was a consistent feature of one out of every six massacres investigated by REHMI (77). One perpetrator interviewed by REHMI attests to the inhuman way women were treated: "One day I was able to escape and, while hidden, I saw a woman. They shot her and she fell. All the soldiers left their packs and dragged her like a dog to the riverbank. They raped and killed her. Also, a helicopter that was flying overheard landed, and they all did the same thing to her" (REHMI 77). However, although rape was exceedingly common during the war, there is evidence to suggest that it was not an explicit design of the counterinsurgency campaign. However, though interviews of military officials and G-2 torturers by Schirmer state that rape was "systematic", there is little evidence to support the claim that it was an explicit aim of the army. Rather, as many sources including author Jean Franco suggest, rape was merely among the many tools used by the army to subjugate, psychologically and physically destroy those they viewed as "subversives". This view of subversives certainly included women, especially "enemy women" who were subordinated through rape. "Many perpetrators viewed rape as something natural, and of little significance, in the course of violence against women and communities. This normalization of violence was used as a form of psychosexual control over soldiers, in which women were considered part of the "spoils of war" (REHMI 171). This mentality of "total destruction" of the enemy can be seen in the training materials given to soldiers often depicted graphic pictures of enemy combatants and the exaltation of the unpleasant but necessary duties of soldiers in service of their country. Even such training materials that included human rights principles did not translate to how military operations were carried out on the ground. Amnesty found that some training materials such as the official magazine Soldado "encouraged a concept of „total warfare‟, whereby both the enemy as well as anyone suspected of sympathy for it must be "implacably‟ destroyed‟" (Amnesty 49). The army also showed a lack of compliance with international standards of military conduct and essentially ignored basic rights covered by the UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights such as "the right to life and to be protected from torture, even during times of public emergency" (qtd. in Amnesty 49). A human rights framework also seemed to be completely absent in the training of groups such as the elite Kaibiles who are noted for their brutality in counterinsurgency operations (49). The chasm between the official stance on treatment of prisoners and enemy combatants and their actual treatment is indeed striking. The effects of military brainwashing can be seen perhaps most clearly in the civil patrol system. The army, in its attempts to extend its reach into the rural hamlets of Guatemala, forcibly conscripted thousands of indigenous men to form civil patrols (patrullas de autodefensa, PACs). The Americas Watch report published in 1986 called it "the most extensive counterinsurgency model of its kind in the world" (2). The civil patrol system was integral to the army‟s counterinsurgency campaign, providing a means of controlling and terrorizing the population, while simultaneously creating distrust and division within whole communities. The level of civil patrol (PAC) involvement in the massacres, their motives for joining or participating in genocidal acts all point to the normalization of violence both during the war and in the post-conflict era. The civil patrol system was integral to the army‟s counterinsurgency campaign, providing a means of controlling and terrorizing the population, while simultaneously creating distrust and division within whole communities. Many sources note that the modes of violence seen in contemporary femicide cases are reminiscent of those employed by soldiers in the civil war. Thus, an in depth study analyzing the methods of killing used by massacres involving the PAC as well as their training may shed light on the military apparatus that is largely culpable for these horrific crimes against humanity. Rise of the Civil Patrols Though the civil patrol system was initially proposed by General Lucas Garcia, the system was fully realized and burgeoned under the Rios Montt regime. At the start of Rios Montt‟s presidency there were a mere 25,000 PACs though by 1985 over 900,000 indigenous men had been drafted and nearly all rural villages in Guatemala had implemented the patrol system (Carmack). Though initially framed as a "voluntary" service by the Guatemalan government, the vast majority of civil patrollers were recruited forcibly by the army. Desertion or refusal to join had serious consequences and most had no choice under the onslaught of torture and death threats to eventually give in. Part of the strategy was clearly to have an additional source of soldiers to patrol and monitor rural areas, but by forcing patrollers to participate in the violence, they made them as complicit as the military. This, once again, undermined any efforts of community‟s to heal and accept former patrollers back into the community. Many human rights organizations have documented that several leaders of the patrols remain living in the same communities they terrorized years ago, fortifying the power structure created by the military. The army used the rural population to subvert any support systems available to rebels. Ironically, though the government often described the patrols as designed to defend the communities, the departments with the largest number of patrollers (86,000 patrollers in Quiché and another 80,000 in Huehuetenango) also registered the greatest rates of repression and death during the course of the war. Officially, the minimum age for patrol system was eighteen although the Americas Watch report found patrollers from eight years old to seventy (27). The modus operandi usually involved the military rounding up all men from 15 and upwards, often corralling groups at markets, parades, church, and work sites (115). The villages were already so militarized that it was virtually impossible to resist being captured and forced into civil patrol duty. Though it is difficult to pin down what percentage of atrocities one can attribute to the PACs, it was the army‟s express design as it "gave the military a defenseless scapegoat on whom to pass of its on atrocities; either by forcing patrollers to carry out their own dirty work, or by merely claiming that alleged killings were the work of PAC units" (118). One article on the patrol system stated that "under Rios Montt, the incorporation of civil patrols into state-led massacres doubled, accounting for 41 percent of all the army's massacres, while the amount of victims to violence directed by the military in which the civil patrols participated more than tripled to 47 percent of those killed" (Lawless). There were 8 distinct levels of command between the rank-and-file civil patrol member and the military zone commander (41). The head of the civil patrol was chosen as someone who could command the community and moreover demonstrate the appropriate level of affinity for Army ideology. The strict chain of command enforced the fact the military largely did not trust the civil patrollers. The fact that the majority were from many of the indigenous communities the army was steadily purging led to most patrollers being given very little information about the nature of their operations (57). The system lent itself to exploitation and abuse of the local populations as patrol commanders would frequently rape women or extract bribes for fleeting protection. Schirmer asserts that "some civil patrol leaders do take a harder line against resisters than even the army does, revealing that some do revel in the control and abuse of fellow villagers" (Schirmer 93). Indeed, the civil patrol system provides a microcosm with which to assess the ways in which corruption, violence, and military ideologies of dominance and civilian repression intensified before and after the war. The system lent itself to exploitation and abuse of the local populations as patrol commanders would frequently rape women or extract bribes for fleeting protection. The military enjoyed such impunity that those patrollers that embraced their duties, stood to benefit from their positions. Manz stated that "it became common practice for a patrol chief to spread rumors about an individual he did not like, hoping for some personal gain for himself while causing fear, military punishment, or even death for the victim" (166). However, by and large, Davis cited a high level of "guilt and shame that people had internalized as a result of their participation in the civil patrol system" (28). This may be particular to the Kanjobal community Davis worked in, however REHMI noted similar sentiments. One priest recounted what one patroller had told him about his experiences as a PAC: "He told me that he had been forced to kill, and that afterwards, the army had made him drink the blood of the man he had killed. I think that his is some kind of psychology so that people become more brutal, more fierce" (Americas Watch, 62). Indeed, Alex Hinton‟s theory of psychosocial dissonance (PSD) may be one way to explain how civil patrollers managed to override ties to their communities and participate in numerous human rights violations. According to Hinton, the ability to commit violence against others is normally overcome by the following process: "a person must usually make a series of psychological moves, such as changing their understanding of what they are doing, altering their behavioral norms, or learning new cognitive models for action. The state may facilitate this conversion process through political training and indoctrination by promoting an ideology of hate, diminishing the legal and moral inhibitions against violence, normalizing violence, and creating new contexts in which violence against "the enemy" is legitimated." (Hinton 236) As Hinton claims, the state‟s role in normalizing violence is a salient comparison for those members of the PAC that perpetrated horrific acts against a defenseless populace. Under the auspices of Rios Montt and Garcia, the military acted as the only existing authority and thus had the power to confer power unilaterally. Some civil patrollers were unable to disconnect entirely from their identity as Mayan Indians, an identity that was continually under assault by the military, by choosing desertion or noncompliance. However, as stated above, noncompliance came with its own hazards, namely torture or death. Others still took advantage of their blighted situation, noting that the closer their association with army ideals and power structure, the greater their chances for survival. As Hinton concludes, "desensitization makes dehumanization of victims seem more normal" (217). Though Hinton used his theory to explain that participation of civilians in the Cambodian genocide, there are similar parallels to be drawn with the PACs. Civil patrollers engaged in numerous atrocities during their raids on villages including rape. Anthropological studies indicate that prior to the civil war; incidences of rape within the rural Indian hamlets were rare. However, rape became exceedingly common during the course of the scorched-earth campaign. One soldier claimed that "we all had the idea that once we were in the army we‟d have more girls than we‟d know what to do with." The army encouraged the use of prostitutes almost as a rite of passage for new recruits. The volunteer soldier said "The Politecnica [Military Academy] are the worst: they‟re very aggressive and they tell you, „Okay, bring me women‟s underwear and if you don‟t I‟m going to punish you when you come back‟" (88). The military actively encouraged the subjugation of women, with army values of dominance and power taking on gendered dimensions. The REHMI report supports this conclusion, positing that the "public display of sexual violence against women, often by several men at once, reinforced a spirit of machista complicity and extolled power and authority as "masculine" traits" (77). One witness cited in the REHMI report said "The PAC and the army raped some children and women. They killed them with bullets and hung them by the neck." (78) The military "training" patrollers went through, served to lower or suspend the moral boundaries of ordinary behavior in a military offensive that not only condoned but exalted rape. Moreover, the army as an institution isolated the soldiers from anything familiar, continually driving the point that their friends, family and kinship ties no longer had any significance. One former soldier succinctly comments on the transformation: "Most soldiers aren‟t aggressive to begin with; you become that way. It‟s because of the mistreatment you receive in the army…you become so changed that, after awhile, I didn‟t talk to those people who hadn‟t been in the army, only those who had, because someone who has served has the same kind of mentality, and you‟re more macho, more of a man" (REHMI 101). The omnipresent feeling of imminent death that civil patrollers faced having been trapped in a conflict may have had the effect of eroding natural sensibilities and identity. Hinton claims that "meaninglessness, uncertainty, and danger-conditions that may generate considerable fear and anxiety-not only threaten one‟s continued being but also undermine the self-concepts that give us a sense of identity and structure the ways in which we interpret experience and act in the world." (243). The army gave the PACs a new identity, one that claimed to have the moral high ground (however erroneously), thus effectively framing the rhetoric of the counterinsurgency into a binary: "them" or "us." Hinton claims that one means of coping was to identify oneself as an extension of a more powerful institution. (243). Since desertion and noncompliance carried such severe consequences, the climate of the war may have made it psychologically more imperative for patrollers to associate themselves with a strong, powerful institution such as the military. The majority of massacres with civil patrol participation involved members perpetrating violence against communities they did not belong to. Initially, patrol members were coerced to commit acts of violence against subversives in their own community. It is possible that after the initial shock of having to kill members of their own community, PACs found it easier to perpetrate violence against neighboring villages that perhaps did not share their ethno linguistic background. Moreover, the conflict may have heightened existing tensions between communities and armed civil patrollers, under the auspices of the state, was allowed to commit murder as retaliation. Any "excesses" committed by the PACs were rarely punished as they were in accordance with the normal counterinsurgency tactics practiced. In fact the patrol system supplanted old community dynamics and replaced them with a traditional army hierarchy. Those who aligned themselves with the military through the civil patrol legitimized their authority over their village and had opportunities to take advantage of their power. According to Davis, it "was used to settle personal or inter-family rivalries and a source of great abuse of authority and power." Moreover, it had become virtually the only judicial avenue for Indians. Thus, as of 1985, Davis observed that "most disputes were settled through arbitrary acts of violence by local civil patrol commanders, members of rival civil patrol units, or, in the final instance, local or regional army commanders." (29). According to Beatrice Manz, the army‟s purpose was to "use the patrols to rip apart and then restructure social relations throughout the countryside, implanting its values and strict control at the most basic village level" (Manz 160). Mirroring the military hierarchy precisely, the leaders of the civil patrols were chosen based on their loyalty to the institution and the counterinsurgency campaign (Schirmer 93). REHMI supports this characterization of army promotion, stating that "one of the most important variables for promotion and enhancing one‟s status was not how well one followed orders, but rather the brutality with which they were carried out. The ability to kill, to take initiative during massacres, and to demonstrate cruelty in the course of operations were implicitly valued by the army and other security forces…A perverse system was created in which disregard for human life was a prerequisite for promotion" (REHMI 129). Army training varied among civil patrols but most included a two pronged approach that is resonant with Hinton‟s idea that "killing tends to become easier when perpetrators are desensitized to violence, internalize violent ideologies, dehumanize their victims, undergo moral restructuring so that violence becomes morally justified, use euphemistic language that masks their deeds, and displace responsibility onto figures of authority" (236). The grotesque methods of violence such as raping or decapitating victims before killing them indeed show intent to dehumanize. This process of desensitization is almost always accompanied by lectures on army ideology emphasizing a narrow sense of patriotism that utilized violence at every turn. According to the testimony of one former member of the Guatemalan Army, Pedro Luis Ruiz, the process of militarizing Guatemala meant putting soldiers through a dehumanizing and brutal socialization which increased their capacity to kill and encouraged them to embrace a new identity (Permanent People's Tribunal 69). Ruiz asserts that: "in practice, you become an assassin of your own companeros – Lieutenant Germán Morales would insult the indigenous people and our customs. He wanted us to trade our parents for machine-guns and our girlfriends for prostitutes. The lieutenant himself would teach us how to rape women. He would tell us to get women – we would grab those who didn‟t want to go and take them to him. He would then turn them over to the soldiers; and since we were brainwashed, we thought that was good" (Ruiz qtd. in Permanent People's Tribunal 75). Ruiz goes on to add "They made me a corporal because I had the courage to strike my own companeros, and did not feel sorry for them, and I had the stomach to watch anything that was done" (79). This mentality was enforced through a system of rewards and punishments and the army mentality often became so deeply ingrained that former soldiers such as Ruiz found it difficult to forget their training. Ruiz admits that once he returned to his home town, "I felt like a nothing. I was only used to hitting and yelling" (71). The diverse range of reintegration shows soldiers who are unable to resume their lives, often exhibiting violent and destructive behaviors learned from the army. Though some were able to return to their villages and presumably lead "normal" lives, reintegration into civil society offered few choices for many former perpetrators in the military (Permanent Peoples' Tribunal). After the war, though the PAC has been officially disbanded since the Peace Accords in 1996, several perpetrators continue to "monitor" and intimidate the survivors of massacres within their own communities. Since the end of the war, numerous survivors have come forward with harrowing tales of civil-patrol abuses. The CEH states that there are "hundreds of cases in which civilians were forced by the Army, at gun point, to rape women, torture, mutilate corpses and kill. This extreme cruelty was used by the State to cause social disintegration." Despite recommendations from various truth commissions and international groups, cases against army officials for their roles in the war continue to languish, as the Guatemalan state is still obstinate in taking responsibility. The long term consequences of the civil patrol system are still being felt in Guatemala. The thousands of patrollers who refuse to disarm are in effect, recreating the atmosphere of fear and rampant militarization that characterized the conflict period in Guatemala. The impact of the civil patrol system cannot be overstated as it was a central tool of the Guatemalan military‟s gross efficiency in wiping out countless villages and thousands of people. Moreover, it systematically used coercion to break down community ties and utilize locals as tools to kill and infiltrate the population. In a country with roughly 8 million during the civil war, the mobilization of over a million patrollers demonstrates the cold and ruthless power contained in Guatemala‟s campaign of psychological warfare and murder in the 1980‟s (Sanford). The roots of the counterinsurgency show a steady escalation of repression in response to what the government saw as a rapidly growing rebel movement. In order to counteract this, the army sought to militarize Guatemala, using primarily the civil patrols. Rape and violence against women became a secondary strategy with which to cripple the guerillas and their perceived indigenous support base. The use of gender-specific violence and sadism accompanying contemporary female homicide in Guatemala suggest that the militarization process normalizes violence and desensitizes not only individual actors but the society as a whole. IV. Militarization in Post-Conflict Guatemala The Guatemalan army has historically resisted efforts to curb their power and reach. The civil war provided the military with the justification to broaden the scope of its operations and increase their presence in nearly every part of the country, including the rural highlands. In the aftermath of the civil war, social structures were reformed and reflected the logic of warfare and suppression of democratic elements by the military. Jennifer Schirmer details how the military has historically cemented its place as an institution in Guatemala. Schirmer describes the Guatemalan military‟s views of law and security as guaranteeing rights to the citizenry only when they do not oppose the "security" interests of the state. Schirmer details this conditional right to protection as one that allows the military to decide who can take umbrage under the law. This provision was actually part of the Guatemalan constitution and enshrined the military‟s right to act as "Guarantor of State". Schirmer writes that "One consequence of immersing security within the Constitution was that rights were made subject to obligations to the State; another is that the Army‟s obligatory role as Guarantor of the State was constitutionally mandated with counterinsurgency operations within the law and those considered to be subversives by definition, outside the law" (Schirmer 134). This view of civilians as potential subversives has remained fundamentally unchanged since the Peace Accords. Schirmer adds that "Each threat came to represent an opportunity for the military to consolidate as an institution and to expand its power" (Schirmer 9). Despite the peace accord‟s lofty goals of bringing perpetrators to justice, any investigations into abuses committed during the war were a sham. Two commissions created to investigate the numerous "disappeared" eventually dissolved stating that it was too difficult to carry out inquiries and that the "commission was effectively inoperative in the face of official violence" (Amnesty 10). Indeed, this is how violence is used in Guatemala: as a means of crippling normal, legal channels of justice in order to retain power. The social devastation caused by the civil war allowed the military to maintain its presence under the guise of enforcing security. In such an environment, it is easy for the government to assert the necessity of police forces and the use of both retired and active military officials to eliminate gangs, street children, and other groups perceived to be socially undesirable. Moreover, blaming gangs for female homicides, allows the police a justification to be brought in as the restorers of societal order and use harsh measures to eliminate the "criminal" elements of society. According to Constantino, Guatemala currently has a police force of 300,000 and 120,000 "private security guards" (Constantino). Some former soldiers from the elite Kaibiles have been recruited by drug lords to act essentially as hit men and earn significantly more than they did when in the army (Hernandez). Their training, which often included being forced to eat raw dog entrails, seemed to emphasize dehumanizing not only their victims but themselves (Hernandez). Former soldiers have also been funneled into both the national police as well as illicit drug-trafficking gangs. Both groups operate on a strict hierarchy and employ many of the bloody tactics taught by the army during the civil war. Hernandez writes that "beheadings of policemen and drug rivals in Mexico have been blamed on ex-Guatemalan soldiers working with the Zetas, a renegade unit that broke from the Mexican army to serve as the Gulf cartel's enforcement arm" (Hernandez). Since the civil war Amnesty has received reports of several killings that display many of the characteristics of murders committed by death squads during the civil war, such as signs of torture and bound feet and hands (15). Guatemala‟s high homicide rate has had a transformative effect on how the society deals with violence and how "subversion" is dealt with by the government. In fact, the generally high level of violence in Guatemala and the breakdown of official avenues of justice have been specifically linked to the rise in so-called "vigilante" justice and the use of private security forces by civilians. Extrajudicial killings, especially in the form of lynch mobs, have often been reported in areas populated by ex members of the civil patrol and military (CAR). One report on the findings of the UN Mission for Guatemala (MINUGUA) goes on to state that "in some cases, former PAC members have been identified as instigators" (CAR). This increased climate of violence is a way to validate the state‟s efforts to further militarize Guatemala. By blaming gangs for female homicides, the police are brought in as the restorers of societal order, thus providing a justification to use harsh measures to eliminate the "criminal" elements of society. Several authors including Sanford have linked "femicide" to the general policy of social cleansing adopted by the military and PNC. Sanford defines social cleansing as a "mechanism of selective or arbitrary repression that is systematically produced by either armed actors with ties to the state or by private actors who carry out repression with the acquiescence, complicity, support, or toleration (whether deliberate or involuntary) of the state" (Sanford 111). Reports by human rights groups in Guatemala such as Casa Alianza have observed open aggression and harassment of street children who are often robbed, beaten, illegally detained, and found murdered on the streets of Guatemala City (cite article). Bodies are frequently found showing signs of torture, marks of strangulation, bullet wounds, and bound hands and feet (Sanford 111). These descriptions match those of massacred victims during the civil war, further demonstrating that sowing terror in the society was an explicit aim of the counterinsurgency model. Testimony taken by REHMI stated the very public nature of killings: "burned corpses, women impaled and buried as if they were animals ready for the spit, all doubled up, and children massacred and carved up with machetes. The women too, murdered like Christ" (REHMI 9, 10). The public nature of contemporary violence against women seems to have its roots in army practices during the civil war. During the 1970s, roughly 800 dead bodies a month were routinely showing up on the streets of Guatemala (Schirmer). Moreover, when the army invaded indigenous villages, the women were often forced to watch their husbands, children, and family members butchered before them. Falla, in his anthropological account of massacres in the Ixcan region of Guatemala, describes babies strung up on tree branches along with the dismembered parts of women. This type of exemplary terror can be seen today in Guatemala where, according to the PDH, "only 15% of the bodies are hidden, and the rest are left in a public place or in the victim‟s home, which indicates that the victimizers are not attempting to hide the crime" (PDH qtd. by GHRC). The counterinsurgency mentality of weeding out subversive or "undesirable" social elements can be seen currently in the social cleansing operations many human rights groups have accused the police and army of carrying out against street children. The Guatemala Solidarity Network states that "day after day, children and teenagers are murdered, and their bodies appear with obvious evidence of the torture they have suffered. Equally, street children are constantly threatened and intimidated by Police forces. Many of them live in permanent fear of being murdered by Police or by contracted killers" ("Guatemala Soldiers…"). The MINUGUA report cited the killing of a group of civilians in Petén suspected to have been carried out by former military officers and civil patrollers. The social cleansing aspect stands out in this particular case due to the fact that notes were left on the victims' bodies with the message "Sorry, but we need to clean up the community" (CAR). Constantino notes that using the security forces only increases public panic about insecurity and the near constant threat of violence. She writes that "frustration and fear, unfortunately, block historical memory and, by complicity and default, the army becomes the only body capable of putting an end to this violence" (Constantino). The political function of keeping the populace frozen by fear and unwilling to challenge the dominant power structure has been explored by many Guatemala scholars. The specter of violence is always on the horizon for Guatemalans, many of whom are old enough to remember the terror of loved ones "disappeared" by soldiers and the fear of being labeled a subversive troublemaker by the military. Green explores the societal consequences of widespread fear, citing that the Guatemalan military often uses the interminable "state of emergency" to justify acts that would normally fall far outside the bounds of normal security operations (Green 56). Green‟s examination of the effects of fear on widows living in the altiplano village of Xe‟caj demonstrate that the "routinazation of terror is what fuels its power" (60). Thus, residual fear and terror from the civil war has made a permanent imprint on Guatemalan society and caused a radical shift in social relations so people could learn to deal with the daily instances of violence in their lives. The immersion of a large sector of Guatemalan men in the violence in some role gave rise to the ethos Linda Green terms "blood on people‟s hands" (10). This not only made state violence a norm but impacted how the society restructured itself. Another consistent feature carried over from the civil war is the abuse of marginalized groups such as poor women by police during detention. During the civil war, women were routinely raped in military barracks. One G-2 torturer interviewed by Jennifer Schirmer confirmed this in an interview, said bluntly "The first, first thing would be to rape [the women]…" (Schirmer 289). Nearly two decades after the civil war this is still more or less a feature of the prison experience for women in Guatemala, where three out of four female prisoners suffer sexual abuse at the hands of police in detention (Doiron). In 2005 Juana Mendez, an indigenous woman from the department of Quiche, was gang raped by police officers while in detention at the Nebaj regional police station (Doiron). After a lengthy 3 year trial, rape charges were eventually brought against one officer in 2008. Juana‟s triumph is indeed unheard of in a country where 75% of female prisoners are sexually assaulted while in detention (Ibid). One of the legacies of the civil war has been the complete impunity enjoyed by the military and national police, especially for crimes against women. The military‟s perception of "subversive" elements may be more fine-tuned in post-conflict Guatemala than during the civil war, but it still largely includes indigenous, activists, and anyone agitating for change. Green writes that during the civil war the military, in addition to their stated war against the guerillas, also attempted to crush the threat "posed by unarmed civilians-peasants, the poor, and workers- who dared to challenge long-standing structures of domination and exploitation at the local and regional levels" (29). This response of the state in using violence to assert the status quo could easily be applied to the shifting role of women in Guatemalan society. As author Rubio Marin notes, women were "more likely to be murdered for belonging to social organizations, for their political activism, or for their activism and search for justice after the execution of a family member. Politically active women were doubly punished: first, because they were considered enemies of the state; and second, because they broke gender norms by having "dared" to intervene in the political realm, a traditionally "male" domain" (Rubio-Marín 97). Indeed, this fits the model of repression against women‟s rights activists in Guatemala today, who report being followed, receiving death threats, and having their homes and offices broken into. The women‟s organization CONAVIGUA established in 1988 have faced constant intimidation and threats from the state for discussing violence committed against women during the war (Green 106). Another women‟s group Sector de Mujeres had their offices broken into and several mobile phones and fax machine presumably stolen, and their archives searched (Observatory). This is reflective of a general climate of intense repression of human rights activists and a means of silencing dissent. Green writes that "Militarization has influenced value systems and behavioral patterns and enabled perpetrators to acquire expertise and perpetuate power networks" (Green 176). The Guatemalan Army's traditional stance of denial and selective historical memory can be seen in veteran organizations such as AVEMILGUA, who have condemned investigations into the allegations of genocidal acts during the civil war recast the perpetrators of these atrocities as national heroes (Observatory). The savage response of these military structures to feminist movements and human rights organizations show a vested interest in both suppressing dissent and promoting public insecurity. Violence as a means of remaining in power has been a long standing, and over arching goal of the Guatemalan state. Thus, by maintaining a climate of violence, for both men and women, the military apparatus will always have its place in Guatemala, as long as the current power structure remains. The manner in which the state deals with female homicide cases is not merely a reflection of the pervasive culture of patriarchy, but a reflection of how the state chooses to deal with all crimes that are "political" in nature. Violence against women in Guatemala is certainly built on existing dynamics of ethnic identity, class, and gender and poor Mayan women are among the most vulnerable in Guatemala. Apart from singular characterization of "femicide" as a product of male hatred for women, other factors such as historical racism, class tensions, and the militarization of Guatemalan society have played equally important roles in the proliferation of violence against women. Removing "femicide" as a label is not intended downplay the brutality of violence against of women in Guatemala or suggest that it is not compelling. Rather, that this phenomenon is better understood through an analysis of the military as an enduring institution with a vested interest in promoting an overall climate of instability and terror, in which murdered women are useful as a political tool to maintain power. Works Cited Americas Watch Committee (U.S.). Civil Patrols in Guatemala. An Americas Watch report. New York, NY: Americas Watch Committee, 1986. Amnesty International. Guatemala--No Protection, No Justice: Killings of Women in Guatemala. London: Amnesty International, International Secretariat, 2005. Caputi , Jane and Diane Russell "Femicide: Sexist Terrorism against Women." Ed. Radford, Jill, and Diana E. H. Russell. Femicide: The Politics of Woman Killing. New York: Twayne, 1992. Central American Report (CAR). 3 July 1998. Vol. XXV No. 25. <http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/guatemala/GUA_2/Articles/Minugua.pdf> . Accessed 5 May 2010. Carmack, Robert M. "The Story of Santa Crauz Quiché."Ed. Robert Carmack. 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New York: Twayne, 1992. Rubio-Marín, Ruth. What Happened to the Women?: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations. Advancing transitional justice series. New York: Social Science Research Council, 2006. Sanford, Victoria. "From Genocide to Feminicide: Impunity and Human Rights in Twenty-First Century Guatemala." Journal of Human Rights. 7. 2 (2008): 104-122. . Schirmer, Jennifer G. The Guatemalan Military Project: A Violence Called Democracy Pennsylvania studies in human rights. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998 Shepard-Durini, Suzana. "Feminicide in Guatemala: A Link Between Past and Present." Council on Hemispheric Affairs (COHA). 22 August 2008. <http://www.coha.org/feminicide-in-guatemala-a-link-between-past-andpresent/>. Accessed 10 May 2010. Simon, Jean-Marie. Guatemala: Eternal Spring, Eternal Tyranny. New York: Norton, 1987. Staudt, Kathleen. Violence and Activism at the Border: Gender, Fear, and Everyday Life in Ciudad Juarez. 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AP Statistics SY 2019-2020 Teacher: Ms. Ridge Email: [email protected] Welcome to AP Statistics! In order to be successful in the course and on the AP exam next May, you need to begin learning about statistics now. To access the summer assignment, and to get the links to the online textbook, join the Google classroom for AP Statistics @ OB 2019 - 2020 using your BPS email address and the code kqxjk5x. kqxjk5x elect theme Assignment: Over the summer, you are to read and complete Guided Chapter Notes on Chapters 1 – 6 in Stats, Modeling the World . These chapters cover key concepts that we will be using throughout the year in AP Stats. You are encouraged to spread out this work over the summer--do not wait until the end of the summer and cram the reading and notes in at the last minute. We want to position you for success. If you spend less than two hours on each chapter, you will be behind when we begin school in September. 1. After reading each chapter, print out and complete the corresponding chapter notes. Answer each question thoroughly. Your answers should be written in complete sentences, except when a bulleted list is indicated. 2. A printed copy of the assignment is due at the start of class on September 9, 2019, and will count as your first assessment grade of the year. Please email me with any questions. You will find web codes for both the online textbook and accompanying videos in google classroom and below. The videos should support, not replace, your reading. Textbook: phschool.com webcodes: aze-0641 for the text and lik-1000 for videos Also, every student enrolled in AP Statistics is required to attend the three BPS/Mass Insight Saturday Sessions to support AP Statistics. Make sure you are available for these very important sessions. The sessions begin at 8:00 AM and will conclude at Noon. The dates are as follows: November 16, 2019 February 1, 2020 April 4, 2020 (Mock exam) Have a great summer! Ms. Ridge AP Statistics Agreement I, ______________________________________, agree to complete my summer assignment for AP Statistics by reading and writing guided notes on Chapters 1 – 6 in Stats, Modeling the World. I will turn in this assignment on September 6 th . I also agree to attend the three Saturday Student Success sessions @ OB on: November 16, 2019 February 1, 2020 April 4, 2020 (Mock exam) PLEASE WRITE NEATLY. ______________________________________________________________________________ Student Signature Student BPS email address _________________________________________________ Parent/Guardian Signature _________________________________________________ Parent/Guardian email address _________________________________________________ Parent/Guardian cell phone Parent/Guardian name printed	<urn:uuid:b893fce7-4557-4310-b425-dd05c4ea8de5>	CC-MAIN-2019-39	https://www.obryant.us/wp-content/uploads/2019-2020-AP-Stats-summer-assignment.pdf	2019-09-16T06:05:13Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514572491.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20190916060046-20190916082046-00043.warc.gz	960,750,419	609	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.976354	eng_Latn	0.998672	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2010, 2832 ]
APPLICATION, CONSENT AND HEALTH FORM This form must be completed by an accompanying parent/carer before their son/daughter or vulnerable, accompanied adult can participate in the activities at this event. The carer is responsible for their child's or vulnerable adult's wellbeing throughout the Event. Organisation: Brain Tumour Action. Date: Saturday 28 th . May, 2016. Activity: Blair Drummond Safari Park Family Day. This form must be completed and returned to Brain Tumour Action, 25, Ann Street, Edinburgh EH4 1PL or scanned and emailed to [email protected] or faxed to 0131.466.3314 by May 15 th . 2016. Unfortunately late applications cannot be accepted. I agree to my child/children taking part in extra activities provided by Brain Tumour Action at the Fun Day Event. Signed Print name Date Names of all those attending including their relationship to the patient: Home address: Telephone number: Email address: Brain Tumour Action: 25, Ann Street, Edinburgh EH4 1PL. www.braintumouraction.org.ukemail: [email protected] Registered Scottish Charity SCO 21490 Children's Dates of Birth: Name and address of emergency contact: Home Phone Number Mobile Emergency Telephone Number Additional Consent: During the Fun Day, photos may be taken of young people while participating in activities. Brain Tumour Action would like to use some of these for publicity purposes, in our newsletter or on our website. For this we require your consent and would be grateful if you would sign below. I am happy for Brain Tumour Action to use photos of my son / daughter on their website or in publicity produced by the organisation. Signed Print name Additional Health and Dietary requirements: Please include here any relevant medical information, for example epilepsy which you think we should know about. Lunches required: Please indicate how many complimentary lunches (sandwiches, fruit, crisps, juice) you would like to order and tell us about any food allergies. Brain Tumour Action: 25, Ann Street, Edinburgh EH4 1PL. www.braintumouraction.org.ukemail: [email protected] Registered Scottish Charity SCO 21490	<urn:uuid:a802a7ba-8173-4c9d-a2a3-007e83f1401b>	CC-MAIN-2018-22	http://braintumouraction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Application-Consent-and-Health-Form-2016.pdf	2018-05-25T06:47:52Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867046.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20180525063346-20180525083346-00082.warc.gz	45,381,520	481	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.993172	eng_Latn	0.99354	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1123, 2200 ]
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES FOR THE POSITION OF RESIDENT ASSISTANT (RA) 2019-2020 Academic Year Resident Assistants, also known as RAs, are assigned to the 39 Houses in the Houses. Simply put, their responsibilities are to assist the Resident Heads in helping to develop House communities that are supportive of the educational mission of the University. This task requires that Resident Heads and Resident Assistants serve in several roles. The most common role involves serving as an informal counselor to residents in academic or personal matters and providing a variety of activities - social, cultural, recreational, and educational - for residents. In addition, Resident Assistants must serve as administrators of University policy and procedure, support House Council, uphold community standards, and be sources of information about the University, the Hyde Park community, and the city of Chicago. Resident Assistants are supervised by their Resident Head(s). The following information is intended to assist candidates for the position of Resident Assistant by providing a general description of Housing & Residence Life and the roles and responsibilities of Housing Staff members. The description listed here is not exhaustive. In addition, there is a summary of the terms of the Resident Assistant appointment and a description of the Resident Assistant selection process. All Resident Assistant candidates are required to attend one information session in order to apply. This session provides critical information regarding the process and what to expect from the RA position. For further questions, please contact Housing & Residence Life at (773) 702-7366 to speak with or arrange an appointment to meet with one of the Assistant Directors of Residence Life. Questions can also be submitted via email to [email protected] Residence Life Staff Sophia Chaknis, Executive Director of Housing & Residence Life Heath Rossner, Senior Associate Director of Residence Life Amanda Dickinson Beirne, Assistant Director of Residence Life Chris Hardin, Assistant Director of Residence Life Jessica Beaver-Hollman, Assistant Director of Residence Life Patrick T. Jones, Assistant Director of Residence Life Roberto Valentin, Assistant Director of Residence Life Sean Lee, Assistant Director of Residence Life Application Timeline for 2019-2020 Resident Assistant (RA) Candidates NOVEMBER 2018 11/12: RA Application Available online at: 11/13-11/29: Information Sessions: - Tuesday, November 13 th - Wednesday, November 14 th - Friday, November 16 th - Thursday, November 15 th - Monday, November 19 th - Monday, November 26 th - Wednesday, November 28 th - Tuesday, November 27 th - Thursday, November 29 th JANUARY 2019 1/10-1/17: Information Sessions: - Thursday, January 10 th - Friday, January 11 th - Monday, January 14 th - Wednesday, January 16 th - Tuesday, January 15 th - Thursday, January 17 th 1/22: RA Application (Application, Written Statement, Resume, Transcript) due by 4:30pm 1/25: First Round Interviews Begin FEBRUARY 2/8: First Round Interviews End 2/12: 2 References and 1 RH Evaluation due by 4:30pm 2/16: Meet & Greet 12pm-6pm Reservation 2/20: Placement Interviews Begin MARCH 3/13: Placement Interviews End 3/22: Hire Letters and RA Contracts sent to Candidates MAY 5/8: Mandatory meeting for all hired 2019-2020 RAs https://housing.uchicago.edu/about-us/staffing-opportunit i es/ See HRL website for times & locations See HRL website for times & locations Additional Information for Resident Assistant Candidates Houses The University provides Housing accommodations for virtually every student who requests housing. The largest component of the University's housing program is the Houses, with a capacity of approximately 3,450 students. For the 2019-2020 academic year, there will be 39 Houses within seven residence halls. Resident Heads and Resident Assistants are assigned to each of the Houses. Resident Assistants are supervised by their Resident Head(s). All Houses are co-ed. Depending on the architecture of the building, they may have same sex or co-ed floors. House policies, including visitation policies, are the same throughout the Houses. The average House has about eighty undergraduate residents, with the smallest Houses having nearly forty residents, and the largest having more than one hundred. All Houses are four-class houses, although most include many more first- and second-year students than third- and fourth-year students. Each House contains students with a range of academic and co-curricular interests. Major Functions of the Resident Assistant Position Successful Resident Assistants must enjoy meeting and spending time with students at mealtimes, at intramural events, at House functions, and in other formal and informal ways. They must serve as positive roles models of academic engagement and support residents within the House. They must have a positive attitude about the educational mission of the University of Chicago, and the value of the Houses in fulfilling that mission. Resident Assistants must be available in the residence halls most evenings and weekends during the academic year, and must feel comfortable relating to students as peers, administrators, or enforcers of policy as the situation requires. They must approach the Resident Head/Assistant relationship as a collaborative team effort, and must maintain regular, if not daily, contact with their Resident Head(s). Resident Head(s) supervise the Resident Assistant(s) and will give regular feedback to the Resident Assistant in regards to their job performance (in order to benefit the House and develop the student leader). The Resident Assistants are required to participate in a variety of pre-employment and in-service training programs, must attend regular staff meetings (every other week), and may be called upon to serve on various committees. Relationship with Students Resident Assistants fulfill a wide range of roles in their Houses, working as mentors, peer counselors, administrators, policy enforcers, activities and governance advisors, and general resource persons. Effectiveness as a Resident Assistant is greatly enhanced by knowing well the great majority of students in the House. Resident Assistants who know their residents well are in a position to offer support, encouragement, counsel, and help to those students, particularly the younger undergraduates who might profit from the attention of an experienced UChicago student. Specifically, the Housing staff is expected to eat meals with students in the dining halls; spend time with students in the House lounges at night and on weekends; and interact with students in formal and informal settings. In order to be successful as Resident Assistants, candidates must plan to be active in establishing opportunities for this interaction in both the Resident Assistants' room and in the students' rooms and common spaces. It would not be appropriate, nor is it acceptable at any time for Resident Assistants to become romantically involved with a resident of their House. House Councils and Activities Resident Assistants provide leadership to students in creating communities that are supportive of the educational goals of the University. In most Houses, students elect a council of officers who, together with the Resident Heads and Resident Assistants, plan and carry out activities which will appeal to a broad range of residents. House activities include programs that are socially, intellectually, and culturally stimulating and exciting. Typical activities in a House include intramural sports; informal receptions with faculty guests; study breaks (informal gatherings of the House, usually late at night, for refreshments and conversations), and trips off campus to movies, cultural events, sporting events, or restaurants. Each Resident Head is given an expense fund to cover the costs of entertaining students, and to support the activities of the House. Resident Assistants work through the Resident Head to obtain financial support for activities they are organizing. Conduct and Community Standards Students at the University of Chicago are expected to take a great measure of responsibility for regulating their own lives. The University does not impose a lengthy list of policies and procedures governing students' conduct. It does, however, prohibit behavior that infringes on the rights of others, is dangerous, or is illegal. As Housing and Residence Life live-in staff, Resident Heads and Resident Assistants are expected to see that students' rights are protected and that conditions in the House support the educational goals of the University. To those ends, Resident Assistants enforce policies, and when appropriate, work with the Resident Heads to uphold conduct sanctions or refer conduct cases to other University administrators. Relationship to Other Housing Staff The Resident Heads A Resident Head or Resident Head couple is assigned to each of the Houses. Resident Heads are typically advanced graduate students, but some are affiliated with the University as faculty or administrative staff. The Resident Assistants are directly responsible to their Resident Head(s), although the Resident Deans and the Assistant Directors of Residence Life also provide direction and support for Resident Assistants and have an interest in their success. Resident Assistants meet regularly with their Resident Heads, and maintain frequent contact with the Resident Head(s) outside of scheduled meetings. The Resident Deans All Resident Deans are appointed senior members of the College faculty. Resident Deans offer building-wide programs and activities which are aimed at promoting a sense of community on a larger scale than the House level and which cultivate students' involvement in intellectual and cultural programs, particularly those offered throughout the city. In addition, Resident Deans take an interest in the general quality of life in the Houses and work directly with the Assistant Directors of Residence Life in addressing related issues. Housing & Residence Life Housing & Residence Life is staffed by the Executive Director, four Associate Directors, and nine Assistant Directors who provide overall direction for the Houses and housing staff. Six Assistant Directors have direct oversight for a portion of the Houses and will work closely with the House staff in that area. The Associate Directors manage residence life, occupancy & administration, operations, and programs & initiatives, and have regular contact with the Resident Heads, but less frequent contact with Resident Assistants. The Residence Life staff, in consultation with the Resident Deans, Resident Heads and Resident Assistants, determines House policies and procedures. Resident Heads report directly to six of the Assistant Directors of Residence Life. The Assistant Directors of Residence Life meet regularly with the Resident Deans, Resident Heads, and Resident Assistants in staff meetings, and occasionally attend meetings of the student hall councils in their areas. Coordination with Support Staff Housing & Residence Life functions include oversight of housekeeping, maintenance, and front desk operations. An Assistant Director of Operations (ADO) manages these functions in each residence hall. Housing staff are expected to work closely with each residence hall's Assistant Director of Operations. Housing & Residence Life also supports a residential dining program that requires Resident Assistants to work with the UChicago Campus Dining Managers and their staffs in addressing issues that affect the quality of life in the houses and in the dining halls. Additional Student Services in the College Resident Assistants must develop a good working knowledge of the services offered to students by other offices of the University, in particular, Career Advancement, Center for Leadership and Involvement, the University Community Service Center, the Center for Identity and Inclusion, Office of Sexual Misconduct Prevention & Support, Student Counseling Services, and Student Health Services. Students who can benefit from the services of these and other University offices are more likely to use such services when encouraged to do so by their Resident Heads and Resident Assistants.	<urn:uuid:4f773556-e9a5-453e-8534-b505301713f3>	CC-MAIN-2018-51	https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/voices.uchicago.edu/dist/e/505/files/2018/11/RA-Position-Description-Application-Instructions-2019-2020-1tp6db6.pdf	2018-12-16T02:03:10Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376827175.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20181216003916-20181216025916-00345.warc.gz	558,775,809	2,417	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.973788	eng_Latn	0.996291	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2336, 3539, 6788, 9627, 12424 ]
New Offices Occupied by State Group Nearly 300 persons visited new headquarters of the Association of Illinois Electric Cooperatives six miles south of Springfield during a recent open house. The one-story limestone building contains 4,556 square feet of office and meeting room space on the first floor plus an equal amount in the basement. The later houses chiefly the printing and mailing departments which include the most modern of offset printing facilities and darkroom. LYLE E. DUNHAM, director, the state associations member service department, described the new headquarters in this way in an article published by Contractors' Electrical Equipment magazine: "The installation is not spectacular. It is not designed to dazzle. Instead it is intended to be intensely practical, economical and efficient, reliable and satisfactory over a long period of years." The structure includes the latest ideas in electric heating installed by E. P. Allison Company of Chicago and manufactured by Radiant Electric Heat Company of Centerville, Iowa. Mr. Dunham worked with Radiant Electric in designing the system. "We regard this installation as highly practical for office buildings of all kinds, plus hotels, motels, senior citizens' homes and similar structures," a company spokesman said. "This will stand the test of time and the wisdom of the electric heating plan will become increasingly apparent as the trouble-free years pass." RAYMOND W. RUSTEBURG, Valmeyer, president of the state organization, said of the new building: "We believe it will prove of considerable interest to builders and others concerned with planning and construction of similar structures. Our estimates indicate heating costs will be less than $600 annually." Mr. Rusteburg said cost of the building and three-acre site was around $140,000. Members of the building committee are Walter Johnston, chairman; Owen Chaney, Paul Deisher, L. C. Groat, Loyd Pickard and W. L. Walker. Ralph N. Morrisett, Springfield, was the architect. A MODERN NEW RAPIDAYTON WATER SYSTEM MAKES THE DIFFERENCE EXPANDING FARM OPERATIONS REQUIRE MORE PUMP POWER Farms are getting larger—requiring more water. More water for increased livestock production, irrigation, waste removal, spraying, and the utilization of ponds. Modern "big power" farming must have FULL PUMP POWER and dependable 24-hour-a-day service. Get it with a Rapidayton water system—engineered to meet the exact needs of your own farming operation. Mail coupon today for valuable, helpful information. Rapidayton division, The Tait Manufacturing Co., Dayton, Ohio 45401 Send full details and give name of nearest Rapidayton pump dealer. NAME RFD OR STREET COUNTY STATE Wayne-White to Pay More Capital Credits This Year Additional capital credit payments to member-owners of Wayne-White Counties Electric Cooperative are expected to be made this year, President Evans Williams reported at the cooperative's 27th annual meeting in Fairfield recently. This will be the third consecutive year Wayne-White has returned operating margins to its member-owners. This year's refund will be to members receiving electric service during 1948 and 1949, Mr. Williams said. "This, we feel, should settle all doubts in the minds of people as to whether or not this is a non-profit organization," he said. THE PRESIDENT also declared that "It would be a sorry time when our annual member meetings will be no more. You will have lost your independence of the service you probably need most on the farm. While it is not the greatest expense you have, it is one of the most vital. "Only through cooperative effort have we been able to get our lines built and only through a cooperative effort will we be able to meet the demands for more and more service in the future." OWEN J. CHANEY, manager, in his 19th annual report told how the cooperative is maintaining its equipment in first class condition so that service to members will continue with a minimum of interruption. He said such things as poles, wire, transformers, substations, meters and capital credits "are all valuable assets that make a cooperative tick." He continued: "But the most valuable asset is an informed, understanding member — you members who not only own and use the cooperative, but who also finance it. "YOU ELECT the board of directors who in turn hires management and sets the policies by which management is guided. By this action you determine the growth, usefulness and soundness of this cooperative. In your hands rests the power to make or break your organization. Non-support by members can make the finest business fall far short of its potential. "With all other conditions the same, an increase in volume will be reflected in lower operating costs," Mr. Chaney continued. "As prices are lowered, savings to members increase. This is the personal power that you, the cooperative members, have. It is both natural and good sense for the owners of a business to support it, to put their personal power to work." During the meeting, the member-owners re-elected nine directors to one-year terms. The nine are Mr. Williams, McLeansboro r.r. 3; G. O. Deem, Geff; Willard Bannon, Grayville; D. M. Detroy, Enfield; Kenneth Gray, Wayne City; Stanley Greathouse, Johnsonville; Harold Shepherd, Albion; L. P. Dolan, Manager Owen J. Chaney (center) congratulates those who received service awards during the annual meeting. They are (from left) employees Jesse Baker, Mrs. Evelyn Edwards, Norman Davis, Charles Mann, Mr. Chaney, directors L. P. Dolan, Harold Shepherd, Bernard Kisner and Evans Williams. McLeansboro; and Bernard Kisner, Carmi r.r. 4. Following the meeting, the board reorganized and re-elected its officers. They are Mr. Williams, president; Mr. Deem, vice president; Mr. Bannon, secretary, and Mr. Detroy, treasurer. Four of the directors received awards for their service to the cooperative. Those honored are Mr. Shepherd, 25 years; Mr. Dolan, 20 years; Mr. Williams, 20 years, and Mr. Kisner, five years. SERVICE AWARDS also were presented to five cooperative employees. They are Norman Davis, Carmi, 25 years; Charles Mann, Fairfield, 25 years; George Bradley, Cisne, 20 years; Jesse Baker, Fairfield, 15 years, and Mrs. Evelyn Edwards, Fairfield, 15 years. During the entertainment portion of the meeting, Miss Margaret Ann Pollard, 16, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Lewis E. Pollard, Burnt Prairie, was crowned "Miss Wayne-White Counties Electric Cooperative of 1965" by last year's queen, Miss Flossie Hall, McLeansboro. The first runner-up was Miss Anita Harris, 17, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Carl G. Harris, Fairfield. The new queen's older sister, Marian, 17, placed third in the field of 17 contestants. There were 17 girls who competed in this year's beauty pageant. Contestants are (from left) Anita Harris, Linda Tullis, Claudia Simpson, Linda Withrow, Glenda Shaw, Marian Pollard, Margaret Ann Pollard, Carolyn Sue Belangee, Marilyn Simpson, Linda Seifert, Susan Hedrick, Karen Kay Johnson, Roberta Luthe, Billie Irene Bailey, Patricia Burt, Suzanne Elliott and Linda Roosevelt. Outstanding Values on Hotpoint appliances! New Hotpoint washer handles 2 to 16 lb. loads! Just out—no other like it. Washes tiny 2-lb. loads without special attachments...up to 16-lb. loads without straining (it has a big ½ h.p. motor and commercial size transmission). No-rust porcelain finish, outside and in, at no extra cost. Dial the cycle to fit the load. Buy now and save. low priced at about $189* New Hotpoint dryer has 5-year parts replacement warranty! Proof of quality—Hotpoint gives you a written 5-year warranty on the motor and other critical hard-working dryer parts. Here’s more: The dryer shuts off—automatically—when clothes are dried just right. De-wrinkling cycle cools clothes...prevents wrinkle-setting. Safety start protects the kids. low priced at about $149* Hotpoint range with removable Teflon-coated oven walls New low price for this range with Hotpoint’s patented no-scour oven—far less than for most hard-to-clean ranges! Just slide out the oven walls, wipe them clean at the range or wash them at the sink like dishes. Other deluxe features include automatic oven timer and glass oven door. 40” model RC440 also sale-priced. low priced at about $219* Hotpoint No-Frost refrigerator-freezer rolls out on wheels Deluxe 14.8 cu. ft., 2-door model has adjustable sliding shelf, 2 porcelain enamel slide-out crispers, separate cheese keeper...swing-basket in big freezer below. And no defrosting, ever. Loads of deep storage, lots of other extras. Just roll it out for easy cleaning, sweeping, waxing. Buy now and save. low priced at about $329* HOTPOINT 90-DAY REPLACEMENT GUARANTEE OF SATISFACTION If you are not completely satisfied with your new Hotpoint appliance, and notify your dealer within 90 days from date of purchase, it will be replaced with a comparable Hotpoint model at no cost to you. *See your participating Hotpoint dealer for his prices and trade-in allowances. Subject to Fair Trade where applicable. Prices higher in Hawaii.	<urn:uuid:341ed603-7a30-4829-bb22-7df2e74fa53c>	CC-MAIN-2023-14	https://archive.icl.coop/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/local-co-op-newsletter-inserts/1965_Wayne-White.pdf	2023-03-28T02:42:24+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-14/subset=warc/part-00221-39c03058-7d78-443d-9984-102329513e3d.c000.gz.parquet	136,008,090	2,019	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.992977	eng_Latn	0.997651	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 2712, 5617, 7126, 9117 ]
Biological Control Agents (BCAs) Use with BioWorks Products: BotaniGard ® 22WP \| Mycotrol ® WPO \| MoltX ® \| SuffOil‐X ® RootShield ® , RootShield ® PLUS+\| BotryStop ® \| CEASE ® \| MilStop ® SP The introduction of Biological Control Agents (BCAs) is often the first line of defense and a key component of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy, either in greenhouses or open field crops. Understanding the potential impact of BioWorks products over BCA species is essential to the success of a pest management program. This document provides important insight on the possible side-effects of BioWorks biopesticides on most used species of BCAs, and the best way to minimize the risks associated with using both components as part of a pest management strategy. Please refer to product labels for complete application details. Always read and follow label directions. BCAs and their use with Insecticides BotaniGard 22WP and Mycotrol WPO are effective biological insecticides that are used to control many insects. They are based on the highly successful fungus, Beauveria bassiana strain GHA. Its spores infect the soft body of many pest insects when in contact with the external cuticle. It is essential for growers to be able to assess how they use this product as part of their IPM program, for example, as a spot treatment or by broad application. BotaniGard 22WP and Mycotrol WPO foliar sprays \| Genus, species \| Type \| \|---\|---\| \| Amblyseius (= Neoseiulus) andersoni \| predatory mite \| \| Amblyseius californicus \| predatory mite \| \| Amblyseius cucumeris \| predatory mite \| \| Amblyseius fallacis \| predatory mite \| \| Amblyseius swirskii \| predatory mite \| \| Aphelinus abdominalis \| parasitic wasp \| \| Aphidius colemani \| parasitic wasp \| \| Aphidius ervi \| parasitic wasp \| \| Aphidoletes aphidimyza \| predatory midge \| \| Bombus spp. \| bumblebee \| \| Chrysoperla rufilabris \| predatory lacewing \| \| Cryptolaemus montrouzieri \| predatory beetle \| \| Dalotia (= Atheta) coriaria \| predatory beetle \| * • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • BotaniGard 22WP and Mycotrol WPO foliar sprays continued \| Genus, species \| Type \| \|---\|---\| \| Dicyphus hesperus \| predatory bug \| \| Diglyphus isaea \| parasitic wasp \| \| Encarsia formosa \| parasitic wasp \| \| Eretmocerus eremicus \| parasitic wasp \| \| Feltiella acarisuga \| predatory midge \| \| Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NemaShield® HB \| entomopathogenic nematode \| \| Orius insidiosus \| predatory bug \| \| Phytoseiulus persimilis \| predatory mite \| \| Rhopalosiphum padi \| alternative host to aphid parasitic wasps \| \| Steinernema carpocapsae \| entomopathogenic nematode \| \| Steinernema feltiae NemaShield® \| entomopathogenic nematode \| \| Stratiolaelaps scimitus (formerly Hypoaspis miles) \| predatory mite \| \| Trichogramma spp. \| parasitic wasp \| Molt-X \| Genus, species \| Type \| Recommendation \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| Amblyseius (= Neoseiulus) andersoni \| predatory mite \| \| \| Amblyseius californicus \| predatory mite \| \| \| Amblyseius cucumeris \| predatory mite \| \| \| Amblyseius swirskii \| predatory mite \| \| \| Aphelinus abdominalis \| parasitic wasp \| \| \| Aphidius colemani \| parasitic wasp \| \| \| Aphidius ervi \| parasitic wasp \| \| \| Aphidoletes aphidimyza \| predatory midge \| \| \| Bombus spp. \| bumblebee \| \| \| Chrysoperla (Chrysopa) \| predatory lacewing \| \| \| Cryptolaemus montrouzieri \| predatory beetle \| \| \| Dicyphus hesperus \| predatory bug \| \| \| Diglyphus isaea \| parasitic wasp \| \| \| Encarsia formosa \| parasitic wasp \| \| \| Eretmocerus eremicus \| parasitic wasp \| \| Molt-X is an emulsifiable concentrate containing 3% azadirachtin, which is an active ingredient derived from the seeds of the neem tree. As an Insect Growth Regulator (IGR), it interferes with the key molting hormone, ecdysone, preventing insects from progressing from one life stage to the next. * • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • \| Molt-X continued \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| Genus, species \| Type \| Recommendation \| \| Feltiella acarisuga \| predatory midge \| \| \| Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NemaShield® HB \| entomopathogenic nematode \| \| \| Orius insidiosus \| predatory bug \| \| \| Phytoseiulus persimilis \| predatory mite \| \| \| Steinernema feltiae NemaShield® \| entomopathogenic nematode \| \| See Toxicity Rating Chart below Toxicity Rating Chart 1. Side-effects Database, IPM Impact, 2019 \| IPM Impact Rating1 \| Mortality /Reduction \| Toxicity \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| 1 \| <25% \| \| \| 2 \| 25 50% -‐ \| Slightly Toxic \| \| 3 \| 50 75% -‐ \| \| \| 4 \| >75% \| Toxic \| SuffOilX SuffOil-‐X is a light horticultural oil used to control insects, along with providing suppression of certain foliar diseases. It is expected that it will harm beneficials, but due to the lack of residue after application, BCA populations can recover. Releases can occur after 24 hours from SuffOil-‐X application. This product becomes very useful in an IPM program for spot treatment of insects. RootShield or RootShield PLUS BCAs and their use with Fungicides RootShield/RootShield PLUS ‐ The RootShield family of products is used to prevent the development of root diseases causing damping off. They will not interfere with the introduction of BCAs inhabiting the soil/growing mix. \| Genus, species \| Type \| \|---\|---\| \| Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NemaShield® HB \| entomopathogenic nematode \| \| Steinernema feltiae NemaShield® \| entomopathogenic nematode \| \| Stratiolaelaps scimitus (formerly Hypoaspis miles) \| predatory mite \| \| Dalotia (=Atheta) coriaria \| predatory beetle \| * • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • phone: (888) 335-9044web: bioworksinc.com ©2020 BioWorks, Inc. BotryStop \| Genus, species \| Type \| \|---\|---\| \| Chrysoperla (=Chrysopa) \| predatory lacewing \| \| Aphidius colemani \| parasitic wasp \| \| Aphidius ervi \| parasitic wasp \| BotryStop is a live spore preparation of a non-pathogenic saprophytic fungus. When BotryStop spores are applied they germinate and colonize. By occupying the same physical space, BotryStop out-competes pathogens for nutrients in dead and senescing plant tissue. BotryStop provides protection to blossoms, fruit and plant tissue susceptible to Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Monilinia spp. CEASE \| Genus, species \| Type \| \|---\|---\| \| Amblyseius (= Neoseiulus) andersoni \| predatory mite \| \| Amblyseius californicus \| predatory mite \| \| Amblyseius cucumeris \| predatory mite \| \| Amblyseius swirskii \| predatory mite \| \| Aphelinus abdominalis \| parasitic wasp \| \| Aphidius colemani \| parasitic wasp \| \| Aphidius ervi \| parasitic wasp \| \| Aphidoletes aphidimyza \| predatory midge \| \| Bombus spp. \| bumblebee \| \| Chrysoperla rufilabris \| predatory lacewing \| \| Cryptolaemus montrouzieri \| predatory beetle \| \| Dicyphus hesperus \| predatory bug \| \| Diglyphus isaea \| parasitic wasp \| \| Encarsia formosa \| parasitic wasp \| \| Eretmocerus eremicus \| parasitic wasp \| \| Feltiella acarisuga \| predatory midge \| \| Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NemaShield® HB \| entomopathogenic nematode \| \| Orius insidiosus \| predatory bug \| \| Phytoseiulus persimilis \| predatory mite \| \| Steinernema feltiae NemaShield® \| entomopathogenic nematode \| \| Stratiolaelaps scimitus (formerly Hypoaspis miles) \| predatory mite \| CEASE is used for controlling a wide array of both fungal and bacterial pathogens, while providing outstanding plant and environmental safety. Based on a naturally occurring, patented strain of Bacillus subtilis (strain QST 713), CEASE can be used as a foliar spray and soil drench on vegetables grown under cover. MilStop SP MilStop SP is a water soluble, broad spectrum, foliar fungicide. The active ingredient is potassium bicarbonate and is known to have a detrimental effect on soft bodied insects. Hard bodied insects can be released two days after application. Refer to product labels for complete application details. Additional technical information is available on our website (bioworksinc.com) or from your BioWorks solutions advisor. Always read and follow label directions. * • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • phone: (888) 335-9044 web: bioworksinc.com ©2020 BioWorks, Inc.	<urn:uuid:48550033-0a3a-4f3d-afae-007559036288>	CC-MAIN-2021-04	https://www.bioworksinc.com/wp-content/uploads/20200303_BCA_Compat.pdf?_ga=2.171040032.1093374849.1584969484-426616198.1584125158	2021-01-25T20:46:09+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-04/subset=warc/part-00177-364a895c-5e5c-46bb-846e-75ec7de82b3b.c000.gz.parquet	680,356,723	2,653	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.406491	eng_Latn	0.33192	[ "eng_Latn", "qub_Latn", "qub_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2209, 4167, 6041, 8657 ]
For Immediate Release Media Contact: Terry Hoffmann [email protected] O: 314-982-0298 \| M: 310-614-3531 NOCSAE Summer Standards Meeting Update: NOCSAE Reports Progress on Youth Football Helmet Standard and Advances Shoulder Pads Research The Committee also shared updates on the development of new headforms for testing and continued discussions on a potential standard for non-tackle football OVERLAND PARK, Kan. (July 28, 2021) ― This year's National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) Summer Standards Committee Meeting was held virtually and in-person in Miami, Fla., on July 23. At the meeting, the Standards Committee shared updates on the Request for Proposal (RFP) regarding shoulder pads and the proposed Youth Football Helmet Standard, took voting action on athletic equipment safety standards for a range of sports and advanced discussions on a potential non-tackle football helmet standard. RFP on Shoulder Pads Dr. Robert Cantu, NOCSAE vice president and representative of the American College of Sports Medicine, provided an update on NOCSAE's new RFP research funding program and RFP for shoulder pads issued in February. The NOCSAE RFP Committee asked to receive proposals that evaluated if shoulder pads are a significant mechanism of injury to the shoulder/chest/neck or head and to help determine whether such data is sufficient to support the development of a shoulder pad standard or if additional research is warranted. The RFP Committee has evaluated and strongly recommended a proposal from principal investigators Christine L. Collins, PhD, president Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention in Indianapolis and Jason P. Mihalik, PhD, professor of Department of Exercise and Sport Science and co-director of the Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. The proposal will track shoulder pad-related injuries in high school football and provide additional biomechanical data beyond the RFP criteria. The NOCSAE board of directors unanimously approved the recommendation during the board meeting Friday afternoon. Proposed Youth Football Helmet Performance Standard The NOCSAE Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) and technical director continue to advance work on the proposed new Youth Football Helmet Performance Standard (ND006-21). In December 2020, the SAC recommended a two-tiered rotational testing standard to account for the differences in athletic behaviors of youth players ages 5-8 and 9-14. The recommendation includes two impact velocities and two pass/fail criteria. Youth helmets would have to comply with both criteria to pass. The technical director is scheduled to conduct further testing once the new NOCSAE headforms are available in August. The SAC will reconvene to evaluate the findings and continue to discuss and finalize recommendations for the proposed standard. Effective Date for Revisions to Commotio Cordis Test Method The Standards Committee continued discussions and responded to questions and comments about approved revisions to the Test Method and Performance Specification Used in Evaluating the Performance of Protectors for Commotio Cordis (ND200-21). These included updates to terminology and technical specifications for impact area and load cell locations to facilitate better testing of multiple size protectors. The revisions were approved at the January 2021 meeting, but implementation was suspended to allow resolution for some procedural issues related to notice. The Standards Committee approved an effective date of January 31, 2023 for ND200-21. Manufacturers may choose to comply with these revisions before that date. Update on Nine Array Headform Redesign Technical Director Elizabeth McCalley provided an update on continuing work on the Nine Array headform redesign. As discussed in the winter meeting, NOCSAE finalized a CAD design aimed at improving the biofidelity of headforms. The redesign is intended to improve the testing capabilities of the headforms through increased central space to accommodate multiple types of data collection sensors and arrays. Design files were submitted to the mold maker in early spring 2020 but the development process was delayed when the company pivoted to manufacturing PPE during COVID19. The process is now back on track and NOCSAE expects the first medium headform scheduled to be delivered in August. Initial testing will determine any adjustments needed to finalize the small- and large-size headforms. Additional Standards Updates The Standards Committee approved a modification to the Pneumatic Ram Test Method (ND081-18am21) that added new technical specifications and a modification to the Laboratory Procedural Guide for Certifying Newly Manufactured Protectors for Commotio Cordis (ND201-21) that clarifies fitting and positioning instructions. The Committee also voted to reaffirm the following standards, confirming each would stay in its current form. * Standard Performance Specification ND043-11m16 for Recertified Lacrosse Helmets * Standard Performance Specification ND032-11m16 for Recertified Ice Hockey Helmets * Standard Performance Specification ND035-11m16 for Newly Manufactured Hockey Face Protectors * Standard Performance Specification ND030-11m16 for Newly Manufactured Ice Hockey Helmets Finally, the Standards Committee will continue to discuss the development of an ND000 specification, a potential complement to ND001. ND001 is a standard test method specification describing laboratory equipment and basic requirements pertinent to testing headgear/equipment. Deviations, additions, or both, to this test method are specified as required in the appropriate NOCSAE standard performance specifications. Potential Non-Tackle Football Headgear The Standards Committee continued discussions concerning the possible development of a standard for nontackle football headgear for flag football and 7v7. As non-tackle football grows in popularity, NOCSAE is considering the potential need for head gear and face protection. There is very little data as to the type, frequency, and severity of head and facial injuries in non-tackle football, and NOCSAE is taking steps to review and confirm the existing data in advance of the Winter Standards Committee Meeting in January. Review of Standards Adoption Process Executive Director Mike Oliver shared a clarification on NOCSAE's standards adoption process. Specifically, Oliver provided context on how the public comment period works for both new and revised standards, noting each allows a minimum of thirty days for public input. Oliver also discussed how effective dates for new and revised standards are determined and noted licensees have a minimum of twelve months to comply with approved revisions. NOCSAE is an ANSI Accredited Standards Developer and follows the ANSI essential requirements for due process to ensure fairness, transparency and consensus. More information on the process is available here. Recognizing NOCSAE Research Director, Fred Mueller, Ph.D. After 15 years of dedicated service to NOCSAE, Fred Mueller, Ph.D. is retiring. During his tenure with NOCSAE, Fred managed 359 full grant applications, ultimately funding 40 grants totaling $8,435,000. Mueller significantly elevated and advanced NOCSAE's program and the organization's contribution to athletic equipment research, understanding of injury risk threshold and athlete safety. NOCSAE Executive Director Mike Oliver noted, "Fred has carried the banner in the research area with incredible skill and a humble attitude. We are grateful for his service and wish him the best as he begins his next chapter." No stranger to achievement, Mueller was honored in 2016 with a Lifesaving Research Award from the Korey Stringer Institute for his exceptional dedication as the former director of the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. He is also a recipient of the National Federation of State High School Associations' Award of Merit. In recognition of Mueller's contributions to sports safety, NOCSAE made a donation to Mueller's Gathering Place, an outdoor garden created and dedicated to honor Mueller at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Mueller was a faculty member at UNC for 41 years and chaired the Department of Exercise and Sports Science from 1995-2005. More information on all NOCSAE standards is available at nocsae.org. ### About NOCSAE NOCSAE, the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment, is an independent and nonprofit standards development body with the mission to enhance athletic safety through scientific research and the creation of performance standards for athletic equipment. Formed in 1970, NOCSAE is a leading force in the effort to improve athletic equipment and, as a result, reduce injuries. NOCSAE efforts include the development of performance and test standards for football helmets, gloves and facemasks, baseball and softball batter's and catcher's helmets, baseballs and softballs, ice hockey helmets, soccer shin guards, lacrosse helmets and facemasks, and polo helmets. NOCSAE is comprised of a board of directors representing stakeholders from a number of groups – including consumer and end users, equipment manufacturers and reconditioners, athletic trainers, coaches, equipment managers, and academic and sports medicine associations. These diverse interests have joined forces in an attempt to arrive at a common goal of reducing sports-related injuries. NOCSAE is a nonprofit, charitable organization supported by individuals and organizations with an interest in athletics. For more information, please visit www.nocsae.org.	<urn:uuid:e070d9c3-17c7-4788-841e-49349b6e9715>	CC-MAIN-2021-43	https://nocsae.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/NOCSAE_Summer-Standards-Meeting-Release-7-28-21.pdf	2021-10-23T16:31:32+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-43/subset=warc/part-00200-16202947-a809-4711-8221-79ab0a79d5b1.c000.gz.parquet	558,138,314	1,879	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.98765	eng_Latn	0.991241	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2179, 5808, 9809 ]
Spencer Head Highlands High School This senior 1st team all-Northern Kentucky runner has won state championships in two different sports – track and football. In track, Spencer is the defending Class AA Kentucky state champion in the 400 meter run (50.21), and he was also an integral part of the Bluebirds' squad that last year won the AA state title in the 1,600 relay. He was also state runner-up in the 800 relay and finished 5th in the 200 meter run. In the regionals, Spencer won or was part of four championship performances – individually in the 200 and 400 runs, and as part of the winning 800 and 1,600 relay teams. In football, Spencer, a defensive back and receiver, was also an important part of the Bluebirds' team, that, in his sophomore year, won the Class AA Kentucky state football championship. Active in community service, Spencer's favorite athlete is Lawrence Taylor and his favorite movie is 300. COACH'S QUOTE -- "Spencer is an athlete that has a tremendous will to win; he is also highly motivated and has great moral character." -- Dan Baker, Track Coach LaRosa'sMVPoftheWeek Spencer Head Highlands High School SPORT(S): Track-Football GRADUATING YR.: 2007 GREATEST ACHIEVEMENT: Winning state. BIRTHDATE: 9-8-88 RESIDENCE: Ft. Thomas PARENTS: Bill & Alison BIGGEST INFLUENCE: "My family & friends." FUTURE GOAL: "College."	<urn:uuid:4235c97a-9b86-4347-abd8-1de43ae2d316>	CC-MAIN-2021-43	https://larosasmvp.com/mvps/winners/pdfs/06_36_spencer_head.pdf	2021-10-19T17:43:57+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-43/subset=warc/part-00223-16202947-a809-4711-8221-79ab0a79d5b1.c000.gz.parquet	489,548,388	372	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.995535	eng_Latn	0.995535	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1384 ]
EVERWIN MATRIC.HR.SEC.SCHOOL 05.11.19 (AN) FA-2 - INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Std : VIII Time : 1Hour Marks : 25 13. To define a CSS, go to the _______section of your document. a) Notepad I. Fill in the blanks. (10 1. ________Style sheet are the style that are placed in the <head> </head> of the HTML document 2. A HTML element starts with ________tag and ends with ________tag. 3. To use Inline style we use the ______attribute in the relevant lag. 4. <Style type "_____" media "all"> 5. <P style "__________" text </P> 6. ________is a set of Instruction that tells the web browser how to display different HTML element. 7. There are ________types of CSS classified. 8. Internet style may have _______precedence than external style sheet. 9. The CSS save it with the ______file extension 10. The expansion of URL is ________ II. Choose the correct answer. (5 11. ________is the expansion of CSS a) Cascading style sheet b) Case style sheet c) Code style sheet d) Cascading sheet style 12. Which one of the following is not a text editor? b) Wordpad c) Power Point d) Sublime Text a) <body> </body> b) <title> </title> c) <head> </html> d) <font> </font> 14. Output of the following code <P style = "color : red"> text </P> is a) This will make that specific paragraph Text as Red b) This will make that whole Page text as Red c) This will make that background color as Red d) None of the above 15. HTML comments are declared with. a) <!___ ___ ___ ____> b) <___ ___ ___ ____> c) <!___ ___ ___ ____!> d) <___ ___ ___ ____!> III. True or False. (5 16. In HTML can use only one CSS at a time of execution [ ] 17. CSS save the time at the time of Editing [ ] 18. Internal style sheet affect only the page they are on [ ] 19. In-line style are plunked straight in to the HTML tags using the style attributes [ ] 20. HTML has 6 different sizes of fonts [ ] IV. Match the following. (5 21. <P> - External CSS 22. Color : red - Text editor 23. Style : CSS - Pag Tag 24. Notepad - Location 25. @ import - Change the Color Red	<urn:uuid:4739323b-83ec-40ae-80b2-f581e222c754>	CC-MAIN-2020-40	http://edc.evermat.in/examinations/documents/414-question-1572957069.pdf	2020-10-01T21:39:05+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2020-40/subset=warc/part-00012-50bb8e61-7c5b-4d2c-bd34-dad6ca92b697.c000.gz.parquet	38,130,606	594	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.980005	eng_Latn	0.980005	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2321 ]
AdS/CFT Correspondence with Applications to Condensed Matter Robert Graham SFB/TR 12: Symmetries and Universality in Mesoscopic Systems I. Quantum Field Theory and Gauge Theory II. Conformal Field Theory III. A brief Introduction to Supersymmetry A little bit of ‘Susy’ (largely following McGreevy, 8.821 F008 Lectures 5, 6) Physical reasons for susy: - it stabilizes the mass of the Higgs against radiative corrections quadratic in the large-energy cutoff, since susy would reduce this scale to the one below which susy is spontaneously broken; above this scale the mass of the Higgs is tied to that of its fermionic partner, which receives only logarithmic radiative corrections; - it changes the trajectories of RG flow such that the gauge couplings may unify at very high energies: $E_{GUT} \simeq 10^{15} GeV$ - it reduces the theoretical error in the cosmological constant from $\sim 10^{120}$ to $\sim 10^{60}$. Susy is a fermionic extension of the Poincare group, \[ P^\mu \quad , \quad M_{\mu\nu} \] with group submanifolds \[ R_{1,3} \quad , \quad SO(1,3) \sim SU(2) \times SU(2) \] which has only bosonic generators and is not extendable by any symmetry-group with bosonic generators (theorem of Coleman and Mandula). Splitting Lorentz to rotations and boosts \[ J^i = \epsilon^{ijk} M_{jk} \quad , \quad K^i = M^{0i} \] Separating into two decoupled \( SU(2) \) algebras \[ A^i_{(B^i)} = (J^i + (-) i K^i) / \sqrt{2} \] with \[ [A^i, A^j] = i \epsilon^{ijk} A_k, \quad [B^i, B^j] = i \epsilon^{ijk} B_k, \quad [A^i, B^j] = 0 \] Representations of \( SO(1,3) \) can be labeled by the two half-integer spins \( S_1, S_2 \) of \( SU(2) \times SU(2) \sim SO(1,3) \). scalar: \( S_1 = 0, \quad S_2 = 0 \) Weyl spinor: \( S_1 = \frac{1}{2}, \quad S_2 = 0 \quad \Psi_\alpha, \quad \alpha = 1, 2 \) adjoint spinor: \( S_1 = 0, \quad S_2 = \frac{1}{2} \quad \bar{\Psi}_{\dot{\alpha}}, \quad \dot{\alpha} = 1, 2 \) vector: \( S_1 = \frac{1}{2}, \quad S_2 = \frac{1}{2} \quad X^\mu \sigma_{\mu \alpha \dot{\alpha}} \) Supercharges: \[ Q^I_\alpha \quad \text{are} \left( \frac{1}{2}, 0 \right) \text{spinors, } \alpha = 1, 2, \ I = 1, .., N \] \[ (Q^I_\alpha)^\dagger = \bar{Q}_{I\dot{\alpha}} \quad \text{their adjoints; } \quad [P_\mu, Q] = 0 \] \( U(N) \) is the 'R-symmetry' group \[ Q^I_\alpha = U^I_J(N) \ Q^J_\alpha \] \[ \{ Q^I_\alpha, \ \bar{Q}_{J\dot{\beta}} \} = 2 \sigma^\mu_{\alpha\dot{\beta}} P_\mu \delta^I_J \] \[ \{ Q^I_\alpha, \ Q^J_\beta \} = 2 \varepsilon_{\alpha\beta} Z^{IJ} \quad \text{commutes, central charge} \] Different members of a susy multiplet may have different R-charges \( J_R \) \[ [J_R, Q] \neq 0 \] Representations of susy algebra - massless states: In a frame with \[ P_\mu = (E, 0, 0, E) \quad E > 0. \] \[ \left\{ Q^I_\alpha, \bar{Q}_{\dot{\beta}J} \right\} = \delta^I_J \begin{pmatrix} 4E & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \] \[ \Rightarrow \left\{ Q^I_2, (Q^J_2)^\dagger \right\} = 0 \quad \Rightarrow \|\| Q^J_2 \| \Psi > \|\|^2 = 0, \text{ for all } \| \Psi > . \] We are left with only the \( Q^I_{\alpha=1} \) \[ \left\{ \frac{Q^I_1}{2\sqrt{E}}, \frac{\bar{Q}_{1J}}{2\sqrt{E}} \right\} = \delta^I_J \] they form \( N \) fermionic oscillators Let \(\|h\rangle\) be ‘highest helicity state’, \(\bar{Q}_{1J}\|h\rangle = 0\) Then states of all other helicity are \[ \underbrace{\|h\rangle, Q_1^{I_1}\|h\rangle, (Q_1^{I_1}Q_1^{I_2})\|h\rangle \ldots (Q_1^1Q_1^2\ldots Q_1^\mathcal{N})\|h\rangle}_{2^\mathcal{N} \text{states}} \] Theorem (Nahm): A quantum field theory without gravity cannot contain massless states with maximal helicity \(h > 1\) (with gravity the limit on allowed helicity is \(\|h\| \leq 2\)). To get from \(\|h\rangle\) to \(-h\rangle\) in steps of \(\frac{1}{2}\) one needs \(\mathcal{N} = 4h\) factors \(Q_1^I\) hence, maximal supersymmetry: (Note: for each value of \(I\) there are 2 complex (= 4 real) supercharges) - \(\mathcal{N} = 4\) for gauge fields \((h = 1)\) \(\Rightarrow\) (16 supercharges in D=4) - \(\mathcal{N} = 8\) for gravity \((h = 2)\) \(\Rightarrow\) (32 supercharges in D=4) number of massless states with given helicity in various multiplets: \| helicity \| $\mathcal{N} = 1$ gauge \| $\mathcal{N} = 1$ chiral \| $\mathcal{N} = 2$ gauge \| $\mathcal{N} = 2$ hyper \| $\mathcal{N} = 4$ gauge \| \|----------\|------------------------\|------------------------\|------------------------\|------------------------\|------------------------\| \| 1 \| 1 \| 0 \| 1 \| 0 \| 1 \| \| $1/2$ \| 1 \| 1 \| 2 \| (1+1) \| 4 \| \| 0 \| 0 \| (1+1) \| (1+1) \| (2+2) \| 6 \| \| $-1/2$ \| 1 \| 1 \| 2 \| (1+1) \| 4 \| \| -1 \| 1 \| 0 \| 1 \| 0 \| 1 \| Let’s discuss in a little bit more detail how this arises, say for the example of the $\mathcal{N} = 2$ hypermultiplet with R-symmetry SU(2): Remember that only the components $Q^1_1, Q^2_1$ and their adjoints $\bar{Q}^1_{\dot{1}}, \bar{Q}^2_{\dot{1}}$ are at our disposal. The highest helicity component with $h = 1/2$ for $\mathcal{N} = 2$ has two left-handed spinor-fields ($I = 1, 2$) both only with $\alpha = 1$. They transform (with respect to the $I = 1, 2$ indices) as spinor of the SU(2) R-symmetry. \[ \psi^{1,1}, \quad \psi^{1,2} \] We shall see that the lowest helicity component with \( h = -1/2 \) for \( \mathcal{N} = 2 \) is of course again a SU(2) spinor with two components (\( I = 1, 2 \)) and both appear only with \( \alpha = \dot{\alpha} = \dot{1} \). \[ \bar{\psi}^{\dot{1},1} \quad \bar{\psi}^{\dot{1},2} \] What means \( \dot{1} \)? Don’t panic: \( \dot{1} = 1 \). We merely keep track what was set equal 1. Applying our two \( Q \)'s to the \( h = 1/2 \) fields for the first time we generate and define the 4 scalar \( h = 0 \) fields \[ \phi^{11} = Q_1^1 \psi^{1,1}; \quad \phi^{21} = Q_1^2 \psi^{1,1}; \quad \phi^{12} = Q_1^1 \psi^{1,2}; \quad \phi^{22} = Q_1^2 \psi^{1,2}; \] They transform like the direct product of two SU(2) doublets of the R-symmetry, that is like a $j=0$ plus $j=1$ of SU(2). Applying them for the second time we get the two fields of the lowest helicity $h = -1/2$ component $$\bar{\psi}^{\dot{1},1} \sim \left(\sigma^{(0)1\dot{1}}Q_1^2\right) Q_1^1 \psi^{1,1} \sim \left(\sigma^{(0)1\dot{1}}Q_1^1\right) Q_1^2 \psi^{1,1};$$ $$\bar{\psi}^{\dot{1},2} \sim \left(\sigma^{(0)1\dot{1}}Q_1^2\right) Q_1^1 \psi^{1,2} \sim \left(\sigma^{(0)1\dot{1}}Q_1^1\right) Q_1^2 \psi^{1,2}$$ Two things should become clear now - The lowest helicity components so obtained are annihilated by $Q_1^1$ and $Q_1^2$. - All steps can be reverted by applying the $\bar{Q}_1^{\dot{1},2}$ due to the fermi-oscillator anti-commutator of our $Q_1^{\dot{1},2}$ and $\bar{Q}_1^{\dot{1},2}$. Therefore, the original states we recover from this procedure (or at least what remains of them after the state-projection implied by this procedure) is automatically annihilated by $\bar{Q}_1^{\dot{1},2}$. massive states rest frame $P^\mu = (M, 0, 0, 0)$ $$\left\{ Q^I_\alpha, \bar{Q}_{\dot{\beta}J} \right\} = 2M \sigma^0_{\alpha\dot{\beta}} \delta^I_J \quad \left\{ Q^I_\alpha, Q^J_\beta \right\} = 2\varepsilon_{\alpha\beta} Z^{IJ}$$ block-diagonalize $Z^{IJ}$ $$Z^{IJ} = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & Z_1 \\ -Z_1 & 0 \\ 0 & Z_2 \\ -Z_2 & 0 \\ \ddots \end{pmatrix} = Z^{\bar{I}\hat{I}, \bar{J}\hat{J}} \quad (\hat{I}, \hat{J}) = (1, 2) \quad (\bar{I}, \bar{J}) = (1, \ldots, N/2)$$ Define: \[ Q_{\alpha}^{\bar{I}} \pm = \frac{1}{2} \left( Q_{\alpha}^{\bar{I}, 1} \pm Q_{\alpha}^{\dagger \bar{I}, 2} \right) \] then \[ \left\{ Q_{\alpha \pm}^{\bar{I}}, \bar{Q}_{\dot{\beta} \bar{J} \pm} \right\} = \delta_{\bar{J}}^{\bar{I}} \sigma_{\alpha \dot{\beta}}^{0} \underbrace{(M \pm Z_{\bar{I}})}_{\geq 0} \] Bogomolny bound \[ M \geq \|Z_{\bar{I}}\| \] If the bound is saturated, then - \( Q_{\alpha +}^{\bar{I}} \) or \( Q_{\alpha -}^{\bar{I}} \) annihilate the state, - BPS states are in small multiplets. - The BPS-bound is a topological property, which cannot change if a continuous parameter, like a coupling constant, is changed. The mass \( M = \|Z_{I}\| \) is fixed by the central charge, a number but also an operator, determined by the susy-algebra. Number of states with a given helicity in massive multiplets \| helicity \| $\mathcal{N} = 1$ gauge \| $\mathcal{N} = 1$ chiral \| $\mathcal{N} = 2$ gauge \| $\mathcal{N} = 2$ gauge BPS \| $\mathcal{N} = 2$ hyper BPS \| $\mathcal{N} = 4$ gauge BPS \| \|----------\|------------------------\|-------------------------\|------------------------\|-----------------------------\|----------------------------\|---------------------------\| \| 1 \| 1 \| 0 \| 1 \| 1 \| 0 \| 1 \| \| 1/2 \| 2 \| 1 \| 4 \| 2 \| (1+1) \| 4 \| \| 0 \| (1+1) \| 2 \| 6 \| (1+1) \| (2+2) \| 6 \| \| -1/2 \| 2 \| 1 \| 4 \| 2 \| (1+1) \| 4 \| \| -1 \| 1 \| 0 \| 1 \| 1 \| 0 \| 1 \| CPT conjugates are appearing with opposite helicity massive gauge-multiplets contain the same number of states as massless chiral and gauge multiplets together, i.e. 8 states = 4+4 from gauge + chiral for \( \mathcal{N} = 1 \), 16 states = 8+8 from gauge + hypermultiplet for \( \mathcal{N} = 2 \), 16 states = 16 from massless gauge-field alone for \( \mathcal{N} = 4 \) a sign that the Higgs mechanism of spontaneous gauge-symmetry breaking (gauge-field gets its mass and longitudinal dof by 'eating the Higgs') also works in Susy Spectrum for $\mathcal{N} = 4$ Susy with any gauge group, say $SU(N)$ 1. gauge field, $h = 1$, R-singlet: $A_\mu, \quad \mu = 0 \ldots 3 \quad (= 2 \text{ d.o.f.})$ 4. Weyl spinors, R-fundamental: $\lambda^I_\alpha, \quad I = 1 \ldots \mathcal{N} (= 4), \quad \alpha = 1..2$ 6. scalars, SO(6) of $SU(\mathcal{N} = 4)$: $X^i, \quad i = 1 \ldots \frac{\mathcal{N}(\mathcal{N}-1)}{2} (= 6)$ They are all in the adjoint representation of gauge-group, here $SU(N)$; R-symmetry is $SU(\mathcal{N} = 4)$ leaves $A_\mu$ invariant, acts on $\lambda^I_\alpha$ in the fundamental rep. of $SU(4)$ (= spinor rep. of $SO(6)$), i.e. by unitary 4x4 matrices, and on the scalars by $SO(6)$ matrices. (note that $SU(4) \sim SO(6)$) Fields $A_\mu$, $\lambda^{I=1\ldots4}$, $X^{i=1\ldots6}$ all in the adjoint of the gauge group, say SU(N), e.g. $$A_\mu = A^a_\mu \ T^a, \quad \text{with} \quad [T^a, \ T^b] = i f^{abc} \ T^c$$ $$\lambda^I = \lambda^{Ia} \ T^a. \quad X^i = X^{ia} \ T^a$$ adjoint representation is $D_A$-dimensional, real, ($D_A =$ number of group-generators) Lagrangian $$L = \frac{1}{g_{YM}^2} \ tr \left[ F^2 + (DX^i)^2 + i \bar{\lambda} \not{D} \lambda \right.$$ $$-\sum_{i<j}[X^i, \ X^j]^2 - \lambda[X, \lambda] + \bar{\lambda} \ [X, \bar{\lambda}] \right] + \frac{i \vartheta}{8\pi^2} \ tr \ (F \wedge F)$$ \[ F_{\mu\nu} = \partial_\mu A_\nu - \partial_\nu A_\mu - ig [A_\mu, A_\nu] \] \[ = \frac{i}{g} [D_\mu, D_\nu] \] \[ D_\mu = \partial_\mu - ig A_\mu \] Susy transformation, schematically \[ [Q, X] = \lambda, \] \[ \{Q, \lambda\} = F^+ + [X, X] \quad (F^+ \equiv \sigma^{\mu\nu} F_{\mu\nu}) \] \[ \{Q, \bar{\lambda}\} = DX \] \[ [Q, A] = \lambda \] Chiral field multiplets consider \( \Phi \) satisfying \[ [\bar{Q}, \Phi] = 0 \quad , \quad [Q, \Phi] \neq 0 \] \( \Phi \) is BPS, (because half of the supercharges annihilate it) \( \Phi \) is called chiral Coulomb branch of vacua. Susy vacuum has always energy = 0, otherwise susy is broken. Fermions vanish, kinetic terms vanish, field-strengths vanish hence potential must also vanish for energy 0. $$\sum_{i<j} tr \left[ X^i, X^j \right]^2 = 0$$ Space of Susy vacua $$\mathcal{M} = \left\{ X \| \left[ X^i, X^j \right] = 0 \quad \forall \quad i, j \right\} / (\text{gauge symmetry e.g. } U(N))$$ Fix the gauge symmetry by taking all the $X^i$ diagonal, $$X^i = \text{diag}(X_1^i, \ldots X_N^i)$$ then the space of Susy vacua is 6$N$-dimensional. If all the $X_m^i$, $X_n^i$ are mutually different then the ground state breaks the $U(N)$ gauge-symmetry to $U(1)^N$ subgroup, i.e. to $N$ copies of electromagnetism: Coulomb-branch The VEVs of the scalar fields $X_m^i - X_n^i$ with mass-dimension 1 define new mass-scales, which correspond to the masses of the gauge bosons of the broken gauge symmetries, analogous to the W-bosons in electro-weak theory $$m^{mn} = \|X_m - X_n\|$$ 3-brane interpretation of $\mathcal{N} = 4$ SYM in type II-B string theory in D=10 $\mathcal{N} = 4$ SYM with $U(N)$ gauge-symmetry is the world-volume theory of $N$ coincident 3-branes along directions (1, 2, 3), say → separate these into $N$ parallel 3-branes Higgsing in string-language In D=10 this can be done in 6 orthogonal transverse directions $$\Delta y^i_{ab} = \|X^i_a - X^i_b\| \quad i = 4 \ldots 9 \quad (a = 1 \ldots N)$$ The mass-matrix $$m^i_{ab} = \frac{1}{\alpha'} \Delta y^i_{ab} = (\text{string-tension}) \times \text{length}$$ comes from the strings stretched between the separated branes. Montonen-Olive duality: Define \[ \tau = \frac{4\pi i}{g_{YM}^2} + \frac{\vartheta}{2\pi} \] The \( \mathcal{N} = 4 \) SYM theory with \( \tau \) and gauge-group \( G \) is dual to the \( \mathcal{N} = 4 \) SYM theory with \( \tau' = -\frac{1}{\tau} \) and gauge-group \( ^L G \) \((^L G = \text{Langlands-dual gauge-group of } G)\) This is a special case (for \( a = 0, b = 1, c = -1, d = 0 \)) of the even larger S-duality, where \[ \tau' = \frac{a\tau + b}{c\tau + d}, \quad ad - bc = 1 \] \( a \ldots d \) integer Finally: Conformal symmetry doubles supersymmetry $Q^I_\alpha$, and $K$ generate supersymmetry, and special conformal transformations, respectively $$[Q^I_\alpha, K] = S^I_\alpha \neq 0,$$ additional fermionic symmetry generators In the $\mathcal{N} = 4$ SYM theory, with its superconformal symmetry, there are then a total of 32 supersymmetries.	<urn:uuid:14eb036d-a897-4824-978f-a5b8b4ce3b73>	CC-MAIN-2017-17	http://www.theo-phys.uni-essen.de/tp/ags/graham_dir/Neuseeland2012/chapterIII.pdf	2017-04-23T15:42:17Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118713.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00307-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz	702,477,308	5,302	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.608269	eng_Latn	0.727923	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "lmo_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "dan_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "mlt_Latn", "dag_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "pol_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 137, 251, 929, 1697, 2045, 2672, 3237, 4107, 5636, 6365, 7386, 7860, 8634, 9988, 10474, 11196, 11798, 12369, 12769, 13358, 13978, 14509, 14864 ]
Stay Home - Save Lives New rules on staying at home and away from others A message from the Leader of Essex County Council, Cllr David Finch and Dr Mike Gogarty, Director of Public Health Dear Resident 3. Stopping public gatherings The single most important action we can all take, in fighting coronavirus, is to stay at home in order to protect the NHS and save lives. When we reduce our day-to-day contact with other people, we will reduce the spread of the infection. That is why the Government has introduced three new measures. 1. Requiring people to stay at home, except for very limited purposes 2. Closing non-essential shops and community spaces 3. Stopping all gatherings of more than two people in public Every one of us MUST comply with these new measures. The relevant authorities, including the Police, will be given the powers to enforce them – including through fines and dispersing gatherings. These measures are effective immediately. The Government will look again at these measures in three weeks, and relax them if the evidence shows this is possible. 1. Staying at home You should only leave the house for one of four reasons: * shopping for basic necessities, for example food and medicine, which must be as infrequent as possible * one form of exercise a day, for example a run, walk or cycle - alone or with members of your household * any medical need or to provide care or to help a vulnerable person * travelling to and from work, but only where this absolutely cannot be done from home. These four reasons are exceptions - even when doing these activities you should be minimising time spent outside the home and ensuring you are two metres apart from anyone outside your household. These measures must be followed by everyone. Separate advice is available for individuals or households who are isolating, and for the most vulnerable who need to be shielded. If you work in a critical sector outlined in this guidance, or your child has been identified as vulnerable, you can continue to take your children to school. 2. Closing non-essential shops and public spaces Last week, the Government ordered certain businesses - including pubs, cinemas and theatres - to close. The Government is now extending this requirement to a further set of businesses and other venues, including: * all non-essential retail stores - this will include clothing and electronics stores; hair, beauty and nail salons; and outdoor and indoor markets, excluding food markets * libraries, community centres and youth centres * indoor and outdoor leisure facilities such as bowling alleys, arcades and soft play facilities * communal places within parks, such as playgrounds, sports courts and outdoor gyms * places of worship, except for funerals attended by immediate families * hotels, hostels, bed and breakfasts, campsites, caravan parks, and boarding houses for commercial/leisure use (excluding permanent residents and key workers). To make sure people are staying at home and apart from each other, the Government is also stopping all public gatherings of more than two people. There are only two exceptions to this rule: * where the gathering is of a group of people who live together - this means that a parent can, for example, take their children to the shops if there is no option to leave them at home * where the gathering is essential for work purposes - but workers should be trying to minimise all meetings and other gatherings in the workplace. In addition, the Government is stopping social events, including weddings, baptisms and other religious ceremonies. This will exclude funerals, which can be attended by immediate family. Delivering these new measures These measures will reduce our day to day contact with other people. They are a vital part of our efforts to reduce the rate of transmission of coronavirus. Every citizen is instructed to comply with these new measures. The Government will therefore be ensuring the Police and other relevant authorities have the powers to enforce them, including through fines and dispersing gatherings where people do not comply. They will initially last for the three weeks from 23 March, at which point the Government will look at them again and relax them if the evidence shows this is possible. Volunteering We have been overwhelmed by the response already from the amazing people in Essex who want to help others in their communities. Please do continue to support your neighbours and family but remember to maintain the social distancing rules. That means, for example, you could leave food on their doorsteps and not go into their house. We also want to ensure that volunteers don't do more harm than good. Gathering together will spread the virus and so we are asking people not to do this, unless we are asking them to. Instead we want people to continue to register to volunteer via facebook – go to www.facebook.com/essexcoronavirusaction – or local schemes and groups. That way we will be able to give you the best advice on how you can make the best contribution. If people are in need of urgent support, we will provide help through the Essex Welfare Service, on 0300 303 9988 (Mon-Fri 8am-7pm and Sat-Sun 10am-2pm) or email: [email protected]. This will be a single person response. We will advise people further in the coming days on how they can make the best and safest contribution to supporting the vulnerable in our communities. The NHS We must not allow the peak of the epidemic to outstrip the NHS's capacity to care. Every single one of us can ensure that this nightmare scenario does not happen. Our great county of Essex has always risen to the challenges over the decades. This is the greatest one of our times. Please, follow the advice. Stay Home. Save Lives. #StayHomeSaveLives Cllr David Finch, Leader, Essex County Council Dr Mike Gogarty, Director of Public Health, Essex County Council	<urn:uuid:8567918b-dc91-482d-9038-8ae2169bbee1>	CC-MAIN-2020-24	https://www.halsteadgazette.co.uk/resources/files/135083	2020-05-27T10:09:02+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2020-24/subset=warc/part-00292-b4a094ce-c3a1-4796-8c26-d927e48e4b4a.c000.gz.parquet	772,665,084	1,238	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.999137	eng_Latn	0.999137	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 5943 ]
What's New for Avid® Media Composer® v2018.1 Revision History Change in Media Composer Media Composer Versioning The version number scheme Avid uses for the editing application has changed. Starting with this release, the editing application version numbers will use the year followed by the month. For example, this release is v2018.1 (year/month). Next month will be v2018.2. And if we produce another release during this same month, the version will be v2018.1.1. New in Media Composer v2018.1 The following are new for Media Composer v2018.1: Matte Key Effect Update n This feature was originally included with the Media Composer v8.10 release but was inadvertently left out of the documentation. An additional option has been added to the Matte Key effect. With this release, if you are working with media with a pre-multiplied foreground, you can tag the Matte Key effect as pre-multiplied. If you have pre-muliplied media, enable the "Foreground is pre-multiplied" option in the Matte Key Effect. Mappable Quick Find Button With this release, the Quick Find button can be mapped to a key. The new Quick Find command will move the focus to the Quick Find field of the currently active window, enabling you to then immediately start typing a search string. It works for the Project Window, Bins, Timeline, and Effect Palette. It also works for the List Tool and Script Window when they are in edit mode. To map the Quick Find button: 1. Select Tools > Command Palette. 2. Click the Other tab. 3. Select Button to Button Reassignment at the bottom of the Command palette. 4. Drag the Quick Find button from the Command palette to the desired button location on the keyboard setting. For more information, see "Understanding Button Mapping" in the Help. Exporting Separate WAV Files per Track With this release, you can export each audio track in the Timeline as a separate WAV file. To export each audio track as a separate WAV file: 1. Select the sequence by doing one of the following:With the sequence loaded in the Timeline, right click in the Record Monitor and select Export. t With the sequence loaded in the Timeline, right click the Record monitor and select Export. t Click the sequence in a bin and select File > Output > Export to File. 2. Click the Options button. The Export Settings dialog opens. 3. Select Audio from the Export As menu. 4. Choose Direct Out. 5. Set Direct Out Mode to File Per Track. 6. Click Save. 7. In the Export As dialog, select a location for the individual .wav files. 8. (Optional) Name the file. (If you do not change the file name, it defaults to the sequence name.) 9. Click Save. Access the location where you saved the files. Individual .wav files appear for each track named according to file name_01.wav, file name_02.wav, etc. where 01, 02, 03 represent the applicable audio channel. Legal Notices Product specifications are subject to change without notice and do not represent a commitment on the part of Avid Technology, Inc. This product is subject to the terms and conditions of a software license agreement provided with the software. The product may only be used in accordance with the license agreement. This product may be protected by one or more U.S. and non-U.S patents. Details are available at www.avid.com/patents. This document is protected under copyright law. An authorized licensee of Avid Media Composer may reproduce this publication for the licensee's own use in learning how to use the software. This document may not be reproduced or distributed, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes, such as selling copies of this document or providing support or educational services to others. This document is supplied as a guide for Avid Media Composer. Reasonable care has been taken in preparing the information it contains. However, this document may contain omissions, technical inaccuracies, or typographical errors. Avid Technology, Inc. does not accept responsibility of any kind for customers' losses due to the use of this document. Product specifications are subject to change without notice. Copyright © 2017 Avid Technology, Inc. and its licensors. All rights reserved. The following disclaimer is required by Apple Computer, Inc.: APPLE COMPUTER, INC. MAKES NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, REGARDING THIS PRODUCT, INCLUDING WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO ITS MERCHANTABILITY OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES IS NOT PERMITTED BY SOME STATES. THE ABOVE EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THIS WARRANTY PROVIDES YOU WITH SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS. THERE MAY BE OTHER RIGHTS THAT YOU MAY HAVE WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. 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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 by Jef Poskanzer. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation. This software is provided " as is" without express or implied warranty. Copyright 1995, Trinity College Computing Center. Written by David Chappell. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation. This software is provided " as is" without express or implied warranty. Copyright 1996 Daniel Dardailler. Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Daniel Dardailler not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. Daniel Dardailler makes no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided " as is" without express or implied warranty. Modifications Copyright 1999 Matt Koss, under the same license as above. Copyright (c) 1991 by AT&T. 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Trademarks Avid, the Avid Logo, Avid Everywhere, Avid DNXHD, Avid DNXHR, Avid Nexis, AirSpeed, Eleven, EUCON, Interplay, iNEWS, ISIS, Mbox, MediaCentral, Media Composer, NewsCutter, Pro Tools, ProSet and RealSet, Maestro, PlayMaker, Sibelius, Symphony, and all related product names and logos, are registered or unregistered trademarks of Avid Technology, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. The Interplay name is used with the permission of the Interplay Entertainment Corp. which bears no responsibility for Avid products. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. For a full list of Avid trademarks, see: http://www.avid.com/US/about-avid/ legal-notices/trademarks. Adobe and Photoshop are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries. Apple and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Windows is either a registered trademark or trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks contained herein are the property of their respective owners. What's New for Media Composer v2018.1 • Created 1/10/18	<urn:uuid:633ac560-4ab6-4fd1-8375-3b8fb80434a4>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	https://resources.avid.com/SupportFiles/attach/WhatsNew_MediaComposer_v18.1.pdf	2023-09-30T00:16:48+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-40/subset=warc/part-00298-7aa0a1e5-33a6-434b-89a2-950f294b40c1.c000.gz.parquet	516,463,908	2,872	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.989438	eng_Latn	0.990886	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1014, 1772, 2857, 8573, 14036 ]
PRESS RELEASE News release For immediate release BUSINESSEUROPE comments on EP vote on shareholders rights (8 July 2015, Brussels) Following today's plenary vote BUSINESSEUROPE supports the European Parliament's emphasis to shareholder engagement. A new EU framework on shareholder identification will bring companies and investors closer together to work towards long-term and sustainable objectives. Still, despite overall improvements introduced to the European Commission proposal, some of the rules are too prescriptive. Markus J. Beyrer, Director General of BUSINESSEUROPE, said: "Stock markets lost 1,000 listed companies in only 6 years due to different factors, not least due to the costs of complying with existing legislation. A better balance is needed to ensure that stock markets remain an attractive way to raise capital, vital to achieve more growth and employment." In addition, BUSINESSEUROPE strongly believes that rules on taxation and countryby-country disclosure, for which there was no impact assessment, do not belong to this instrument. ENDS BUSINESSEUROPE Contact: Peter Sennekamp Director of Communications 168 Avenue de Cortenbergh 1000 Brussels - Belgium GSM : +32 496 919 315 [email protected] Peter Vertessy Senior adviser, Press and media 168 Avenue de Cortenbergh 1000 Brussels - Belgium GSM: +32 494 515 477 [email protected]	<urn:uuid:cebd5337-e617-4139-bc53-5491834dfe0f>	CC-MAIN-2022-49	https://www.businesseurope.eu/sites/buseur/files/media/imported/2015-00568-E.pdf	2022-12-01T10:34:52+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-49/subset=warc/part-00079-a0906200-461b-4808-9b94-6c53daf73f61.c000.gz.parquet	734,181,321	315	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.980143	eng_Latn	0.980143	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1397 ]
HOW TO HANDLE A PROBLEM DRINKER: FROM ANGER TO ACTION William Doverspike, Ph.D. Drdoverspike.com 770-913-0506 When she first sought therapy for depression, Amy casually mentioned that her husband had a "communication problem." In one story after another, she described how her husband ended up passing out on the couch in the den. Amy ended up with sleepless nights embittered by her anger. "I just can't stand it when I hear those ice cubes clinking in the glass," she said in disgust, "because I know what it means." through her increased self-awareness, acceptance, and action in her life each day— one day at a time. She gradually began to experience a transformation in herself as she learned to apply the Twelve Steps of recovery to her life. Before seeking professional help, Amy had been spending several nights a week brooding in the bedroom. Yet she agreed that there were better things in life than sitting on the bed at night, listening to the ice cubes clink. I suggested she try something new—Al-Anon Family Groups. Within weeks, I noticed an improvement in Amy's mood and a shift in her attitude as she began attending meetings and reading Al-Anon literature. As a psychotherapist, I knew that the path of recovery often begins with focusing on changing what can be changed, rather than focusing on what cannot be changed. Recovery involves accepting what cannot be changed, changing what can be changed, and understanding the difference between the two. Like many Al-Anon members, Amy began to notice an improvement in her five senses. She noticed a sense of universality at her first meeting, where she learned that she was not alone in her struggle. She felt a sense of hope when she began attending meetings on a regular basis. She discovered a sense of connection as she began making telephone contacts and sharing her life with other members. She developed a sense of accountability by having a personal Sponsor who challenged her to "take an inventory" and focus on improving her own life rather than criticizing the life of another. She created a sense of balance in her life "Amy" is not an actual person; rather, her story is a composite of the many stories of experience, strength, and hope I have heard from my clients who have entered the rooms of Al-Anon. Going to the first meeting is something that many people find difficult. It is like overcoming a paralysis. Once a person begins attending meetings, his or her thoughts are usually still consumed by the behavior of the alcoholic. Gradually, with the support of other members who are focused on taking better care of their own lives, the newcomer begins to think about his or her own needs. Taking care of one's own needs does not mean that one stops loving the alcoholic. Instead, it means that one no longer allows oneself to be hurt or manipulated by someone else's actions. As the Al-Anon member learns new attitudes and becomes stronger and healthier, shifting the focus away from taking care of the alcoholic to taking better care of oneself, the alcoholic often becomes willing to seek help. Most importantly, Al-Anon members eventually learn that they can find peace and happiness whether or not the alcoholic is still drinking. Copyright © 2007 by William F. Doverspike, Ph.D. The correct citation for this article is Doverspike, W. F. (2007, March). How to handle a problem drinker: From anger to action. http://drwilliamdoverspike.com/ Original article is also cross-referenced with this title: "How to Cope With a Problem Drinker" William F. Doverspike gave Al-Anon Family Group Headquarters permission to publish in Al-Alon Faces Alcoholism (2008 edition). Article reprinted in Doverspike, W. F. (2008) From anger to action: A positive response to alcoholism. Al-Alon Faces Alcoholism. Virginia Beach, VA: Al-Anon Family Group Headquarters. Pages 4-5. https://alanon.org/blog/anger-action-positive-responsealcoholism/	<urn:uuid:89acbe80-b422-4061-888c-ac469f9d45e3>	CC-MAIN-2020-40	http://drwilliamdoverspike.com/files/how_to_handle_a_problem_drinker.pdf	2020-09-22T08:56:37+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2020-40/subset=warc/part-00075-50bb8e61-7c5b-4d2c-bd34-dad6ca92b697.c000.gz.parquet	44,630,208	838	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.949223	eng_Latn	0.99752	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 3443, 3930 ]
Suo Moto Case No. – 9 /2014 Name of the Respondent : The Superintendent of Police Thane The Commissioner Tribal Development Adivasi Vikas Bhavan Gadkari Chowk, Old Agra Road Nashik – 422 001. The Addl Commissioner Tribal Development Vardan Sankulan, 9 th Floor Opp. MIDC, Old Passport Office Thane The Principal English Medium Government Ashram School Savroli, Shahpur Dist. Thane. Project Officer Ekatmik Adivasi Vibhag Prakalp Shahpur, Ganga Deavasthan Wafe, Shahpur 421 601. Date: 6 June 2015 Coram: Justice S. R. Bannurmath, Chairperson ORDER On noticing a news paper report in Maharashtra Times dated 22.08.2014 that a student by name Sadanand Bhagwan Gund studying in Adivasi Ashram School at Savroli in Mukhada had expired due to negligence on the part of the school officials, the present suo moto case is registered and a report from the Superintendent of Police, Thane, the Commissioner Tribal Development, Adivasi Vikas Bhavan, Nashik, Addl. Commissioner Tribal Development, Thane, the Head Master – English Medium Government Ashram School, Savroli and Project Officer – Ekatmik Adivasi Vibhag Project, Shahpur was called for. On receipt of the detailed reports following facts emerge :- The deceased Sadanand aged 9 years was a third standard student studying in the Ashram School at Savroili as resident student. He was not well since 16.08.2014 and only on 20.08.2014 the Head Master informed Shri. Ramesh Gund the cousin of the deceased that the health condition of the boy was serious. In turn the cousin informed the father Bhagwan Triambak Gund on the very same day who was staying at Shahpur and since there was no immediate vehicle facility available he could reach the School at about 10.30 a.m. on 21.08.2014 and there noticed that the deceased was sleeping in the room and responded to the call of the father only by opening his eyes. As such the father with the help of a school staff took the child on a motorcycle to the Sub District Hospital at Shahapur and while the Doctor was examining and treating the child breathed his last at about 11.00 a.m. Thereafter necessary post-mortem was conducted and simultaneously investigation was taken up by the concerned Police. It is reported by the Police that after recording the statements of various persons it emerged that the School Head Master Rajaram Ghodvinde, School Inspector Rahul Shinde and other staff responsible the welfare of the students were negligent in not taking immediate, proper care and caution even though the child was unwell since 16.08.2014, the concerned Police have registered a case in crime No. 268/2014 u/s. 304 (A) IPC as well as u/s. 23 of the Juvenile Justice ( Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 and investigation is in progress. After receipt of the reports from the concerned, at the outset it is to be noted that the cause of death of the deceased was due to severe illness. The Post-mortem report discloses that the death was due to "cerebropulmonary edema due to encephalitis". As such the death was due to sickness and can be treated as natural. But the concern of the Commission after going through the various reports is regarding the alleged negligence of the School Authorities in not getting medical treatment to the child at the earliest. The statements of the school staff, the co-students and the parents and relatives clearly indicate that though the deceased was sick in the Hostel, since 16.08.2014 and did not attend the school and inspite of coming to know of the same it appears he was not given proper medical treatment. It is only after the parents came to school on 21.08.2014 and noticing the serious condition of the child the father with the help of the school staff took the child to the hospital on a motorcycle and within a half an hour while the Doctor was examining he breathed his last. In these circumstances prima facie there appears to be negligence on the part of the Head Master and the staff in not taking proper care by immediate shifting to hospital and keeping the sick child for almost five days in the hostel itself. There is apparent delay in even informing the parents of the deceased immediately it was noticed that he was sick. This delay prima facie shows contributory negligence of the School staff. Since the concerned Police have registered a criminal case against the School staff u/s. 304 A IPC and u/s. 23 of Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000, the Commission feels it proper not to go in deep in this regard. However, it is brought to the notice of the Commission that though there is a project called as 'Ekatmikkruta Adivasi Vikas Prakalp' (Integrated Tribal Development Project) since 1975-76, it appears there is no proper implementation of the scheme and as such after discussion with the project officers and all others concerned the Commission would like to make certain recommendations to the State Government. From the records in the state of Maharashtra it is seen that in eight districts this project is under implementation as large number of tribals resides in these districts. The statistics made available discloses that there are nearly 552 Government Ashram Schools, 556 Ashram Schools with grants and 425 Hostels for tribal boys and girls. In all nearly 56,488 tribal children are in the ashram schools out of whom nearly 8,898 tribal children reside in the hostels. Since these ashram schools and hostels are located not in easily accessible places and the responsibility of health care of these children is on the health department. In this regard the Government of Maharashtra by its शासन ननणय क्रमांक संनकण 1096/1530/प्रक्र 304/ आरोगय 4 said to have appointed 37 medical units and these units as well as the primary health centres are required to hold medical check up for the students four times annually. In the report submitted to the Commission itself it is stated that this medical check-up programme is not done regularly and properly because of non-filling up of posts of Doctors and other staff. The report also discloses that the population of tribals in Maharashtra is in nearly 9.4% of the entire population and in order to give proper facilities for the development of tribals a huge sum is allotted in the budget. In fact as the records disclosed in the budget of 2014-15 a sum of Rs. 4,814.92 crores which is 9.4% of the entire budget of the State has been allotted to the Tribal Development Department. However, taking into consideration the factual position the Commission is of the view that somewhere there is huge gap between the budget allotted and its utilisation. The State Government and the concerned department are required to look into the same and plug the hole of the non-utilisation or / and misutilisation of the funds specifically allotted to the Tribal Development Project. After long discussion with the officers of the project and after perusing the records made available, the Commission is of the view that it is high time to give directions / recommendations to the State and the concerned departments presently in so far as looking after the health of these tribal children staying and studying in these tribal Ashram Schools in Maharashtra. The Commission makes the following recommendations:- A) Though Sadanand Bhagwan Gund died due to ill health, since Commission finds contributory negligence on the part of School Authorities in not getting him immediate and proper treatment, and the concerned Department has contributed in negligence by not taking proper precaution the Commission deems it proper to award an interim relief compensation of Rs. 1,00,000/- to the parents of deceased to be paid by the State in four weeks. B) The State Government shall implement the Tribal Development Project / Scheme for the welfare of Tribals in general and in particular to the Tribal Children Education and Health programme in its true letter and spirit. C) Taking into consideration the inadequacy of medical units, the State is directed to provide sufficient number of Doctors especially pediatricians and Staff to look after the health of tribals in general and Ashram School children in particular. The Commission recommends that for every tribal Taluka where the Ashram Schools Hostels are located, already identified by the State there shall be sufficient number of medical staff (preferably one qualified Doctor (Pediatrician) one general physician and nursing staff) and they shall be provided enough medicines and basic tools commonly required. This medical staff is to be in exclusive services for the welfare of the tribals and their children. D) Taking into consideration the geographical situation and difficult terrain to access the medical facilities immediately, the State Government shall provide well equipped ambulances to each project area (3 – 5 Talukas). E) As per the direction of the State each tribal child, studying and residing in the Ashram Schools is to be given medical check-up once in a quarter of an year or at least twice a year and proper records of the same to be maintained. F) The State shall establish necessary pathological laboratories in every project areas. G) Every Doctor and medical staff requires to be sensitized about the importance of medical check-up of each child in the custody of the Ashram Schools. H) The School officials like Head Master and the Teachers and other staff are required to be sensitized for taking proper care of the children studying and staying in the Ashram Schools. I) The Project Officer be directed to regularly visit preferably once in a month along with the medical team and maintain a health report of each child staying in the Ashram Residential Schools. The Commission expects the State Government to take a firm decision in respect of the recommendations made above and submit the action taken report to the Commission in four months from the date of receipt of the order. The Secretary to communicate this order to the parties concerned. (Justice S. R. Bannurmath) Chairperson, SHRC	<urn:uuid:a779da01-f25a-4a0b-8258-fff30236d9e1>	CC-MAIN-2021-21	http://mshrc.gov.in/wp/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Suo-Moto-Case-No-%E2%80%93-9-2014.pdf	2021-05-07T12:51:49+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-21/subset=warc/part-00084-2bb1ba05-1421-4b90-a3f4-bbc46b4a29a5.c000.gz.parquet	38,144,075	2,146	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.967632	eng_Latn	0.997883	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1148, 2759, 4939, 6858, 9532, 10065 ]
ИКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ, ГОД. І, №3 проф. д-р ДЕЗМЪНД МАКФОРЪН ЮГОЗАПАДЕН УНИВЕРСИТЕТ "НЕОФИТ РИЛСКИ", гр. БЛАГОЕВГРАД ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING REGULATIONS: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES Prof. Dr. DESMOND McFORAN SOUTH-WESTERN UNIVERSITY "NEOFIT RILSKI", BLAGOEVGRAD Abstract: This paper looks at the broad spectrum of the global problem of money-laundering and how international reaction to this phenomenon has resulted in strict regulations with which all banks must comply, by creating internal systems and procedures for compliance with anti-money laundering regulations. The fact that these regulations have been significantly widened to include accountants and lawyers, for example, makes us all – to a greater or to a lesser extent – subject to these regulations. How the European Union and the United States have responded is also discussed, as is the relationship between these regulations and Basel II. Key words: AML, enterprise, securities markets, correspondent bank, customer, shell banks, compliance. Money-laundering is not a new phenomenon. All criminals have always sought to mask the link between the crime and the money which it generates, so that they could enjoy the benefits of their criminal activity. If, however, the criminal perceives no threat to his money, then there is no need to launder it! However, it is estimated that money-laundering accounts for the staggering amount of between 2-5% of global GDP. 1. A BRIEF HISTORY Until the 1980s, law enforcement was not particularly active in either finding or recovering the financial proceeds of crime. However, with the exponential growth of the narcotics trade during the 1980s, the 'crime bosses' of the trade began to be individually targeted and, the investigations which ensued, were concentrated on following the 'money trail' coupled with the laundering process. It then became clear, that the most effective way of stopping the money flows was to make the laundering process itself, a criminal offence. smaller economies, creating political instability and by encouraging and supporting corruption – both in governments and within financial institutions. In 1988, the UN Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (the Vienna Convention), initiated a major paradigmshift in the way in which the major industrialized economies viewed moneylaundering. In 1989, the G7 countries decreed that money-laundering posed a major threat to the global financial markets and systems, by distorting markets, providing unfair competition, undermining This caused the G7 to create the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), with members who were drawn from officials of the OECD countries, together with some selected others including the European Commission. The FATF was charged with identifying international 'best practice' in combating and preventing moneylaundering. The publication of these standards in 1990 is known as the FATF Forty Recommendations. By 1996, most member countries had enacted legislation to reflect the FATF's 1990 recommendations. In that year, the FATF introduced new and altogether more stringent Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regulations. One of these was to widen the 'predicate offence' term to cover al serious crimes, including proceeds from fraud, tax evasion, insider trading, investment scams and corruption. Following 11 September 2001, the FATF released eight new special recommendations, aimed at attacking terrorist financing and, that such offences be designated as 'money-laundering predicate offences'. (1) However, the problem arose as to how legitimately earned money which was subsequently utilized for terrorist activity, could be deemed a 'predicate offence'? The result of the ensuing debate was the creation of new legal obligations to identify suspicious transactions that might be related to terrorism, coupled with extensive powers to block and freeze such transactions. In 2003, there was a further paradigmshift when, in that year, the FATF reviewed both its original recommendations and its First Revision. The result was that both the scope and the content changed. The definition of a financial institution was widened to include (not just the original banks, insurance companies and those involved in the securities markets), casinos, gem dealers, real estate agents, bullion dealers, accountants, lawyers and financial advisers. At the same time, all the other provisions were both strengthened and expanded. These provisions cover: - "Know Your Customer" (KYC); - the reporting of suspicious transactions; - the verification of identities; - the avoidance of shell banks; - the avoidance of anonymous accounts; - the institutionalization of AML policies; - the scrutiny of high-risk customer activity; - the expert training of staff. In order to secure compliance with these newly-strengthened and newly-widened obligations, regulators had to enhance their response to non-compliance. The reason for this, was that criminals are now seen to be vacillating between cash-based money-laundering activities and banks and the financial markets. The derivatives and securities markets are seen to be particularly attractive to moneylaunderers, because a broker can launder money through a quite legal transaction, with absolutely no need to ever make a false accounting entry! The aim of the money-launderer, is 'paper-trail avoidance' and, that is why cash-intensive 'front' businesses are favored. These are businesses such as restaurants, bars, tourist hotels, pawnbrokers, travel agencies, construction companies, automobile dealerships and jewellery merchants. Such businesses can use false-invoicing, ghost employees and inflated expenses, in order to create fictitious cash-flows and transactional patterns (both in value and in velocity), so that they ultimately appear to be normal. 2.AML IN THE UNITED STATES (US) The US Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), requires institutions to both track and report cash transactions in excess of designated thresholds, to have systems in place for the detection of either unusual or suspicious transactions or activity, and to report suspicious activity. In addition to this, the Patriot Act was enacted in October 2001. The current legislation – in line with FATF recommendations – has additionally extended AML to include brokers, dealers and commodities traders as well as nonfinancial entities, the insurance industry and investment advisors. There have also been new and additional requirements imposed on financial institutions to verify customer identification. Similarly, the correspondent relations between banks have come under even greater scrutiny, as have private bank clients and foreign shell banks. In order to ensure that such relationships ate not improperly conducted, financial institutions in the US must now obtain certificates from their foreign customers (whether individuals or correspondent banks), which certify that they are not shell banks and, in turn, that they hold no accounts for foreign shell banks. Additionally, US banks and financial institutions are now required to perform enhanced due diligence on both foreign correspondent banks and foreign private bank clients – in particular, on clients either from off-shore jurisdictions, or, from jurisdictions which are deemed to be 'nonco-operative countries or territories'. Private bank clients are designated as being those who maintain either a relationship with a US financial institution, which is worth more than US$1 million, or who are deemed to be 'politically exposed persons'. In order to prevent US institutions from dealing with forbidden individuals or jurisdictions listed by the Office of Foreign Assets Controls, the Patriot Act imposed a "Customer Identification Program" (CIP). This requires US financial institutions to collect a minimum amount of identifying information from all customers – individual, institutional or beneficial. Anonymity per se is totally forbidden and, indeed, US banks cannot process outgoing funds transfer transactions, unless all parties are named. However, it is currently estimated that more than 3,200 US banks, 6, 000 brokerage firms and 4,400 insurance companies have yet to even begin to implement basic 'watch' procedures. And yet, between 2003 and 2005, more than US$632 million was spent in the US on AML technology and services. During 2005, however, the rate of banks and other financial institutions taking up measures to comply with AML requirements has risen considerably. This is probably a "knee-jerk" reaction to three specific instances which took place in the US in 2004, where AML regulators issued heavy fines for AML noncompliance. On 10 May 2004, UBS was fined US$100 million for illegally transferring dollars from a Federal Reserve account to Cuba. Five months later, on 12 October, AmSouth Bank of Birmingham, Alabama, was fined US$10 million for AML violations. Six weeks later on 30 November, the Bank of New York was fined US$24 million also for AML violations. These extremely highprofile cases, have put the US financial world on notice that the AML regulators seriously mean business. 3. AML AND THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU) In June 2004, the European Commission presented a proposal for a Directive on the "Prevention of the USE of Financial Assets for the Purposes of Money-Laundering and Terrorist Financing." (2) The Third Directive is an attempt to ensure a coherent application within all member states (whether inside or outside of the Eurozone), of the revised FATF Forty Recommendations. (3) On 7 June 2005, The Council of Ministers for Finance and Economic Affairs of the European Union (ECOFIN), approved the Third Directive together with the amendments of the European Parliament of two weeks earlier. This Directive introduces a risk-based approach, whereby banks are obliged to implement customer due diligence requirements proportionally to the concrete risks involved. It is also recognized therein, that risks may differ depending on the interaction of the type of Customer, Country, Transaction. It is also recognized that, in order to compile information on the identity of customers as well as beneficial owners, banks will need to rely upon the quality of the information provided by the customers themselves. European banks will be able to share this information with other banks and institutions via the principle of "mutual recognition", therefore avoiding the need for customer due diligence for each and every cross-border transaction. This was agreed as an important aspect of the new Single European Payments Area (SEPA), which is due to come into force between 2008 and 2010 within the Euro-zone area of the EU. The Third Directive also defined "beneficial owners", "politically exposed persons" and "shell banks" in a way which preserved the basis of current European law. A "beneficial owner", is defined as "… the natural person who ultimately, directly or indirectly owns or controls 25% or more of the shares or of the voting rights of a legal person," (4). "Politically exposed persons", are now defined as: "… natural persons who are or have been entrusted with prominent public functions and immediate family members or persons known to be close associates of such persons." (5) Similarly, the Third Directive now defines a "shell bank" as: "… a credit institution or an institution engaged in equivalent activities, incorporated in a jurisdiction in which it has no physical presence, involving meaningful mind and management, and which is unaffiliated with a regular financial group." (6) The importance of these definitions, is that Europeans are showing themselves to be much more pragmatic than their US counterparts. It is now generally accepted within financial circles in Europe for example, that the idea of 'knowing your customer's customer', is generally an unworkable option. Interestingly, the Third Directive also quite specifically prohibits any disclosure whatsoever to customers, that information relating to their transactions has been transmitted to the authorities. (7) However, members of the same financial such information with each other under certain group are permitted to share specific circumstances. (8) Member countries of the European Union will have to implement the Third Directive in full, within a two-year period following its publication in the Official Journal. Yet, it should be pointed out here, that AML regulators in Europe have been equally as vigorous in the fulfillment of their regulatory obligations, as have their American cousins! As far back as 2000, the United Kingdom (UK) enacted the Regulation of Investigating Powers Act. Two years later saw the enactment of the Proceeds of Crime Act containing comprehensive AML regulations. These regulations require UK banks to maintain a high level of provision against litigation exposures, which negatively affect a bank's capital adequacy ratios. Important legal cases under this legislation were the fines handed out by the UK Financial Services Authority (FSA), the country's AML regulators, of GBP 2.3 million to Abbey National Bank for failing to comply with AML regulations; the Bank of Scotland and Northern Bank (Northern Ireland) were fined GBP 1.25 million for failures to identify customers and for failing to keep records of customer identification; the Bank of Ireland was fined GBP 375, 000 for failing to detect a series of high-risk cash transactions. (9) 4. AML AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO BASEL II The regulations of Basel II, are designed to make banking safer, by determining the minimum capital which banks must reserve, in order to absorb potential losses from market credit and operational risks. By the same token, AML legislation is designed to protect the interests of genuine customers (on the one hand) while also avoiding liability exposure on account of failure to report suspicious transactions to the regulatory authorities, in a timely manner. To do this, however, banks will be required to amass and process a considerable amount of historical data. Boards of Directors of banks must know and be able to act on the following:: І. major aspects of operational risk as a distinct category of risk; ІІ. continual internal audit of the bank's operational risk management system; ІІІ. to ensure that "Risk-Mapping' and 'Key Risk Indicators" are used to assess operational risk; ІV. ensure regular monitoring of operational risk profiles and material exposure to losses. Collating data under AML procedures, is directly related to the data now necessary under Basel II requirements. Before Basel II is implemented, banks will be required to maintain three years of historical data. Basel II is expected to come into force in 2006-7. Provided that a transactional framework is designed for AML that is also aligned for Basel II requirements, banks will be able to make the best use of their information without having to invest in multiple systems. Basel II addresses both credit risk and operational risk, and these two aspects of banking risk management cannot be tackled successfully with poor data. In any case, poor data is the major barrier to effective risk monitoring and management. Similarly, a failure to implement AML, also adds to operational risk. A failure to meaningfully address operational risk can also result in total catastrophe, as has been shown in recent years - viz. the Barings Bank and also the Enron scandals. 5. AML AND THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF ALL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS In order to ensure compliance with AML, all financial institutions must have in place effective policies and procedures to meet these expanded regulations and obligations. This also applies to Bulgarian banks. These policies and procedures can be delineated as follows: 1.An enterprise-wide awareness of all staff of the current AML requirements. 2.There must be thorough training which is directly related to the roles of individual staff members and their operational duties, e.g. account managers, tellers, back-office staff, senior management, compliance officers, together with those who develop new products. 3.Account managers and other staff must be thoroughly versed and completely knowledgeable about each customer, together with the conduct of extensive and expensive due diligence when such is deemed to be necessary. 4.Those entities with which the enterprise does business, must be thoroughly screened by equally rigorous procedures. 5.Effective software must be employed throughout the enterprise, which can assist in identifying unusual transactions. 6.An effective relationship must be developed with the regulatory authorities and with their regulators. 7.Expenditures on software and training must be whole-heartedly supported. 8.There must be an enterprise-wide recognition that there is some business which it is simply not worth having, and that such business is better avoided. 9.There must be a total and unequivocal commitment on the part of the Board of Directors towards AML policy, both domestically and internationally. Financial institutions, particularly the larger ones, operate globally. Therefore they are subject to financial regulators in every jurisdiction in which they operate. For example, a Singapore bank which has branch offices in London and New York, will have to meet all US, UK and EU AML standards, both in the UK and in its domestic operations. Under the US Patriot Act, regulators can require that US banks that have correspondent banking relations with other banks, cease those relationships, if the correspondent bank does not meet US AML standards. Similarly, compliance failures mean that the perceived image of a bank is one in which the perception will be that the bank has a clientele made up of corrupt politicians, failed businessmen, fraudsters, organised criminals and terrorists!! This is not a rosy prospect for future business! Therefore, AML compliance on the other hand, requires that banks 'Know Your Customer' (KYC), and is able to detect changes in account activities such as changes in funds volume. This invokes the necessity for high-quality record-keeping, all of which is extremely sound business practice. Apart from KYC, the key to AML controls is also the constant monitoring of transaction flows. This is important because of the concept of 'layering'. 'Layering' is the technique which involves routing funds through multiple accounts in a chain, in order to hide the origin of the transaction. It is a method widely used by moneylaunderers. 6. THE CURRENT PROBLEMS OF AML COMPLIANCE AML detection systems have evolved from being simple rules-based systems into systems which use an anomaly-based approach. Rules-based systems are designed to uncover specific transactions or patterns, which are associated with criminal financial activity. However, the problem with terrorist financing – as has been pointed out above – is that the transaction starts out with 'clean' money, usually occurring in much smaller amounts than those to be found in traditional money-laundering. The anomaly-based approach pays special attention to unusual transactions and/or activities, which would not be considered 'normal'. This is accomplished by building profiles of past account activity, or, by creating 'peer groups' of accounts which should behave in a similar manner. This information can then be used to provide analysis by producing predictive techniques such as decision-trees, regression analysis and neural networks to build models which score any new activity as to its likelihood of being suspicious. The whole area of AML detection, has been made doubly more difficult, because of the evolution of electronic banking and other modes of funds transfer. The scale of the problem is such, that estimates of illicit cash flowing through US banks and brokerage firms in 2003, amounted to more than US$300 billion. In the same year US$11 billion was spent on new technology. In fact, very few institutions have by September 2005, found a way to install a centralised customer-identification system that provides a single customer ID, together with a view across all the relationships of the customer for the institution. For example, many of the largest global banks which have been created through acquisitions, still have divisions which are unable to communicate with each other. Another factor for European banks is the large number of their internet customers. Here, the problem is particularly acute, because currently, there is no system available which can integrate internet banking with mainstream banking procedures. As a kind of 'stop-gap' measure, some financial institutions have adopted a simple 'payment transaction filter' in order to discover suspicious activity, whereby highvalue transactions or priority messages are manually checked for AML compliance. The paradox with this approach is, however, that the penalty for holding up a transaction which later proves to be 'clean', is much higher than the penalty for letting-through transactions that seldom prove to be ‘dirty’!! Other banks have adopted a more integrated approach, whereby the AML compliance 'engine' sits on top of the core banking software, analysing and reporting on all transactions, whether internal or external. The newer generation of AML systems, are also able to 'learn' and to adapt to new patterns and schemes as and when they arise, simply by achieving a contextual understanding of customer behaviour in order to analyse risk. Such newer generation of systems are also able to identify any form of unusual behaviour across all applications for banking products i.e. trade management, loans, credit/debit cards and payments within the banking organisation. Many of these applications and approaches have, however, been of a piece-meal nature and, they have been targeted towards areas and regions which were deemed to be of absolute and critical necessity. Unfortunately most banks have made little or no specific efforts to derive benefits from their investments through either better management or of the re-use of data and processes for multiple purposes. To be effective, an AML system requires an enterprise-wide approach, together with a well-constructed compliance programme. This should mean that messages which are post-transactional confirmations – such as bank advice notes and statements – can be left out of the AML compliance procedure. All payments and asset-transfer messages can then be passed through a central AML-compliant filter and a common payment gateway. However, serious problems still remain to be resolved in the area of AMLcompliance and coverage. Once a transaction that proves to be a 'front' for money-laundering is discovered, how it will be dealt with, is still a 'grey' area. An organization with a global operation faces a tough challenge. If the party to the transaction is lucky enough to be living in a 'soft' regulatory regime, the funds will simply be returned back with the reason for doing so being attached. Otherwise, in a 'hard' regulatory regime, the funds will be blocked or frozen by the receiving or sending banks. 7. CONCLUSION Stringent compliance with AML regulations to the fullest extent, is an enterprise-wide investment in a business model for risk management. As such, it will also, inevitably, lend support to a long-term business transformation. By linking AML into a wider fraud detection strategy, financial institutions will benefit from more effective detection and, therefore, increased fraud loss savings. Similarly, an AMNL solution will provide an enhanced customer resource management system. Information regarding the source of funds, how the customer utilizes those funds, basic account information and product preferences, is already available in various departments of every bank. The challenge is to aggregate this information into a more behaviorallyoriented context, in order to support broader mandates. These will probably include an analysis of customers' transactional behavior in comparison to 'normalized' activity, risk, the linking of customer relationships, accurate and timely filing and retrieval systems, with both adaptability and expandability. Finally, all accountants, lawyers and financial advisers, should be aware of their responsibilities to understand the current international regulations and requirements, and the fact that they, too, are subject to them. The same is true of all businesses in the cash-intensive 'risk' sector. Ignorance of the law is no defence, and the year of Bulgaria's accession to the EU is fast approaching. It is quite clear that the US and EU regulators are taking AML seriously. It behooves everyone who is in any way connected to the financial markets and institutions in Bulgaria to take particular note, and to adapt their organizational response accordingly. REFERENCES 1. FATF: Special Recommendation 2001. Especially SR2. 2. See also Directive 2001/97/EC 10 June 1991; Directive 2001/97/EC 4. December 2001. 3. FATF 40 Recommendations, Enlarged #rd. Revision, June 2003. 4. Article 6. 5. Article 3.10. 6. Article 3.11. 7. See Article 25. 8. Ibid. 9. P. Robinson "Anti-Money Laundering Regulations – Next Generation Developments" in Financial Crime FSA 2005; also "How Banks are Facing Up to the Challenge" in Global AntiMoney Laundering Survey KPMG 2004.	<urn:uuid:ea8cff7e-e6a7-4542-ab18-b248c669c84c>	CC-MAIN-2021-43	http://em.swu.bg/images/SpisanieIkonomikaupload/SpisanieIkonomika2005/ANTI-MONEY%20LAUNDERING%20REGULATIONS%20PROBLEMS%20AND%20PERSPECTIVES.pdf	2021-10-24T06:54:52+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-43/subset=warc/part-00049-16202947-a809-4711-8221-79ab0a79d5b1.c000.gz.parquet	22,427,286	5,035	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.997245	eng_Latn	0.997468	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 3297, 7048, 10922, 14432, 18154, 22034, 25443 ]
Abstract art explained by UD professor an interview by Marie Rafalko An exhibition of recent paintings and works on paper by UD Art professor Mark Lavatelli is now on view at the Conduit Gallery. The Conduit is located at 2814 Elm Street in Deep Ellum (next door to the Video Bar). The exhibition opened on October 25, and continues through November 25. Lavatelli's current work is primarily abstract, though many of them contain recognizable images. Recently, Lavatelli was interviewed about the evolution of his art work. University News: Years ago, your work was based primarily from nature. What compelled you, as an artist, to paint from nature? Lavatelli: Nature is extremely beautiful. The aesthetic experience of nature is as powerful or more powerful than the aesthetic experience of Art. I wanted to recreate the experience of being in the landscape. After the paintings that contain natural forms, your work became increasingly abstract and geometric. What influenced this change? I realized that I could never fully recreate the experience of nature in a painting because a painting only addresses vision; and nature affects the total sensorium, all five senses. One is affected by smell, by touch, and by sounds. I was interested in exploring other things that I could do with painting. I was influenced by the formalist aesthetic which proposes that each art medium should emphasize its intrinsic qualities. Since paintings are flat surfaces, the image should also be flat and thus abstract. Do you contain elements of nature in your abstract paintings? Yes, nature continues to be a source of inspirations. Nature is the greatest teacher of color harmony. The landscape paintings I had done before were based on an area of fallen logs in the Sandi mountains near Albuquerque. This place fascinated me because the organic forms [logs] were in a geometric configuration. Did this dynamism in nature compel you to abstract from what you saw? Yes, the log patterns were the basis of my abstract work. I utilized the geometric relationships from the landscape setting. Also the geometric paintings contain some atmospheric qualities and textures that came out of nature. The landscape of New Mexico influenced your abstract paintings. How did your move to Dallas affect your work? My paintings remained angular and geometric. These configurations relate to the urban environment and the angles of interior settings. My immediate environment does have an influence on my work. Your current paintings at the Conduit have an increased vitality and have let go the emphasis on geometry. How did this occur? I turned inward for pictorial sources. I see painting as a fabric of associations in the mind. In the act of painting, a dialogue occurs between what is expressed and a mysterious inner world. This is another way of explaining the role of intuition, which makes painting a continuing mystery and challenge. You have included organic forms in your recent work. Why is this? I believe that organic forms more accurately express the life of the psyche. Also, the new paintings contained a deep rhythmical space. I felt the need for addition of that complexity. I was tired of making flat paintings. Space was an element that I had reduced in the past. Things that have been discarded can become alive and magical again. What are the current paintings about? In the most general sense, the paintings reflect everyone's struggle to maintain balance and equilibrium in the complex and confusing world we live in. These paintings contain recognizable images. What do they represent? The symbols in my paintings can mean more than one thing. The leaf or sprout shape may be seen as a symbol of growth and represents my interest in nature. This shape also resembles an abstracted club or shillelagh. When juxtaposed with the head shape, perhaps it symbolizes a thought which can "bop" you. The spiral that is repeated within the body of work represents concentric rings of energy. Also it is an ancient generative symbol. Relative to the head shape, the sprial relates to halos in religious paintings. Perhaps the Art History that I teach enters into the image. The head shape itself has been present in my work since 1983. Only recently have I decided to include facial features in the finished work. Do you think the viewer is more at ease with paintings that contain a figurative element? The presence of a head or mask image makes the content more clear. Do you feel you have to satisfy a If I were after a large audience, I would be using television as a medium. I accept the fact that my audience is probably a limited one. It is an audience that is interested in art. It is not my role as a painter to educate the viewer about what is art and what isn’t. I am satisfied when those who are interested in art find something stimulating and exciting in my work. I think that the art community does respond well to my work. This is evident in that my work is shown in galleries, and occasionally it sells. Although the arts have always appealed to a specific audience, it is true that representational art has a wider audience than does abstract art. Do you think abstraction has anything in common with realism? Yes, all paintings contain the formal elements of art. These elements are shape, color, line, value, texture, attitudes of creating space, and compositional ideas. It is up to the artist to organize these elements on a flat surface. Both realistic and abstract paintings contain these elements. The difference is that abstraction does not contain a representational element. As Hans Hoffmann said, “Every figurative attempt in the visual arts is positively to be condemned when made without consideration of the underlying aesthetic principle of abstraction, because such mortal negligence will necessarily lead to uninspired, imitative and academic formalism.” I believe this is true, yet also I feel that realistic and abstract art styles are equally challenging.	<urn:uuid:31c3f891-d076-4da2-a188-7d5d3b0a1180>	CC-MAIN-2024-38	https://udallas-ir.tdl.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/0ede47cc-e945-4a27-ab5d-52c1b9dcc8b5/content	2024-09-12T16:41:47+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-38/subset=warc/part-00277-781f89b0-54ef-4e32-b51d-e5860e733e3a.c000.gz.parquet	535,684,897	1,171	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.999341	eng_Latn	0.999317	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 4524, 6017 ]
RCN Fertility Nursing forum conference and exhibition Back to the future Saturday 16 April 2016, Royal College of Nursing, 20 Cavendish Square, London W1G 0RN Nurses are key health professionals in the field of reproductive health both in the NHS and independent sector. This conference acknowledges how the landscape of reproductive health is changing with updates and insights on the law and from regulatory bodies. The audience will hear speakers at the cutting edge of developing reproductive techniques and be presented with the latest data around the sensitive issue of funding and access to treatment for women and men. Attending the conference will enhance professional development and clinical practice for nurses and HCA/AP's working in this highly specialised field, as well as providing an important networking opportunity. Sessions include: * PGS DNA fragmentation. * The Law and the implications of legal parenthood. * Nurse revalidation. Timings: * Fertility Fairness - formerly the National Infertility Awareness Campaign (NIAC). An overview of access to treatment and funding. * Patient experience of overseas egg donation. * Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) legal parenthood audit recommendations. For further information please visit www.rcn.org.uk/events and search 'Fertility' Join us at this event and receive a free centenary badge 9.30 am registration 10am conference begins 3.30pm conference closes media partner Event code Source code To book your place fill in your details below: 23-16112 005 048 RCN Fertility Nursing forum conference and exhibition Saturday 16 April 2016, Royal College of Nursing, 20 Cavendish Square, London W1G 0RN Discounts. Tick as appropriate. Max one per booking Associate retired/HCA/AP 40% off fee Accredited RCN trade Union Representative 25% off fee Pay using your RCN Credit Card £15 discount Group Discount –three or more delegates 10% off each fee Your details (in block capitals) RCN member Yes/No RCN membership number Email address Title First name Surname Job title Organisation Organisation town Home number Mobile number Address Postcode Specific requirements (dietary, accessibility) Payment By cheque (made payable to the Royal College of Nursing) Credit/Debit card: I authorise you to debit my VISA / MASTERCARD / MAESTRO (please circle) Card No Issue No Card exp M M / Y Y Valid from M M / Y Y Security code Cardholder's name and address if different from above Email address BACS: National Westminster Bank Sort code: 60-40-02 Account no: 58898557. (Please send remittance advice with your completed registration form as proof of payment. Where payment is made via faster payment, please include the delegate(s) name(s) and event code at the top of this form as a reference.) Conference fees RCN member £150 Non member £220 Signature Date HOW TO BOOK www.rcn.org.uk/events Online booking is now available at and search ‘fertility’ Post this booking form with payment/remittance advice to: Event registrations, PO Box 2329, Cardiff CF23 8YZ. Fax this booking form to: 029 2054 6489 with your credit card details. Phone (payment with credit card/Maestro): 029 2054 6460. Registration confirmation: All bookings will be confirmed in writing, and nearer to the conference you will receive delegate information, including directions to the venue. If you want to confirm that you are registered for the event, please contact: RCN Event registrations on 029 2054 6460 Mon-Fri 9am – 4.30pm. TERMS OF BOOKING Conference fees: The conference fee includes registration for the conference, conference materials, lunch and refreshments. It does not include travel or accommodation. Cancellations: Cancellations received one full month before the start of the event will be refunded, minus a 25% administration fee. No refunds can be processed after this date. Places can be substituted with the prior knowledge and agreement of RCN Events. It may be necessary for reasons beyond the control of the organisers to alter the content and timing of the programme or the occasional identity of the speakers. RCN Events take no responsibility for non-refundable travel/accommodation in the case of a changed programme or cancelled event. Tel: +44 (0) 207 647 3577 \| Fax: +44 (0) 20 7647 3411 Data protection: We like to keep you informed about services, campaigns, events, publications and new initiatives. It is also important for us to find out your views on a range of issues. This may be by post, telephone or electronic messaging. SHOULD YOU NOT want us to do this, please tick this box Please tick the box if you would like to be informed by post or email of favourable rates on a variety of externally provided services Further information: If you need to enquire about further details of the conference please contact the organiser: Jane Edey, Conference and Events Organiser, Royal College of Nursing, 20 Cavendish Square, London W1G 0RN Tel: 020 7647 3578 Fax: 020 7647 3411 Email: [email protected] Website: www.rcn.org.uk/events	<urn:uuid:94660ec1-89eb-4dc2-bf6e-284342e718ff>	CC-MAIN-2024-18	http://britishfertilitysociety.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Fertility-Conference-16.pdf	2024-04-22T05:59:59+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-18/subset=warc/part-00190-29538f81-5664-4df2-acb6-7d8ba3d2a1aa.c000.gz.parquet	5,234,506	1,168	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.992179	eng_Latn	0.991675	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1469, 5098 ]
INTENT Edinboro University's Purchasing Card Program is designed to improve efficiency in processing low dollar value purchases ($500 or less). POLICY The University Purchasing Card (UPC) can be used to make purchases with any merchant who accepts MasterCard. University Departments may participate in the program with the recommendation of the divisional vice president and approval of the Vice President for Finance and Administration. Each UPC is issued to a named University employee (active status) who is responsible for the integrity and accuracy of their UPC purchase information. The credit card is identified as a "Procurement Card" and the Edinboro University of PA name and logo are clearly displayed on the card. Use of the UPC will not affect the employee’s personal credit. The UPC cardholder and the department they represent are responsible for charge slips, shipping orders and receipts. Appropriate maintenance of the purchasing receipts and other documentation are essential to the success of the program. All transactions are approved or declined at the point of sale based on the UPC authorization criteria, including a monthly credit limit assigned to the department, approved merchant commodity code, and approved type of business (Merchant Category Code). Once the transaction has been approved, the charge is automatically posted to the University’s bank account and payment for all UPC transactions is performed electronically, eliminating the need to process vendor invoices and issue checks for each invoice. University funds are committed whenever the UPC is used; purchases will be posted to the cardholder department’s budget. The person whose name appears on the card (UPC cardholder) is responsible for protecting the card and is accountable for all purchases made using the card number. All purchases processed against a UPC must be made by the person to whom the card is issued. The card is for University-related purchases only; personal charges are not to be made to the card. Fraudulent use or misuse of the UPC may result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment. All charges are billed directly to and paid by the University. Any personal charges on the card could be considered misappropriation of Commonwealth funds since the cardholder cannot pay the bank directly. The VPC may not be used for the following transactions - Cash advances - Alcoholic beverages or tobacco products - Personal items or services (regardless of intent to reimburse the University), gifts or gift certificates - Annual contract maintenance Construction and renovation - Consulting services Cardholders are expected to comply with internal control procedures in order to protect University assets. This includes keeping receipts, reconciling UPC monthly memo statements, and following proper security measures. Cardholders are responsible for resolving discrepancies by contacting the supplier (vendor) and the University’s Accounting Office. Original receipts and supporting documentation must be documented on the Department Activity log and sent to the Accounting Office at the end of each month. A cardholder must surrender the card upon termination of employment (i.e. retirement or voluntary/involuntary separation) or at any time either the University or the Bank requests. At this point, no further use of the UPC account is authorized. A UPC may be revoked at any time by the University for any reason. The UPC is not an entitlement nor reflective of title or position. [Frequently Asked Questions FAQs] Purchasing Cardholders - FAQs WHO DO I CALL -- for Card Related Problems? Q. What is my account verification code? The account verification code consists of nine digits; the first five are ‘9’s, the last four are the last four of your social security number. Q. When do I call the Program Administrator @ 814-732-1304 or 732-2725? You should call Accounting when you experience: 1. Declined charge due to credit line increases/exceeding credit limits. 2. Declined charge and you need vendor-type blocking removed from your card. 3. Refer a NEW SUPPLIER to add to the Purchasing Card Program. Q. When do I call the Global Card services on the back of the Card @ 1-888-449-2273, available 365 days/year, 24-hours/day? Most Service Issues can be handled through the Global Card services line at 1-888-449-2273. These service issues could include: - Transaction disputes or LOST OR STOLEN CARDS. - Spending availability and status of a disputed transaction. Q. What should I do if FRAUD or a charge I didn’t authorize appears on my statement? Contact Global Customer services immediately. If there is a chance of fraudulent activity, the account will be closed, and a new account number will be issued to you immediately. Q. What should I do if my card is DECLINED at the vendor/merchant? When your card is declined, the first thing you should do is call your Program Administrator to find out if the charge can be put through. Quite frequently cards are declined because the merchant is coded with an incorrect vendor classification. For example, if you are shopping for a software program in a computer supply store, the store may be coded inadvertently as a utility. Other reasons for declined charges include exceeding spending limits and merchant blocking (certain types of merchants are not allowed within policies). Some of these problems can be resolved by calling the Program Administrator who may follow-up with Customer Service. Q. How do I DISPUTE the charge on my statement? When your goods are LOST in-transit from the supplier, or your charges are posted incorrectly, goods may be Damaged or Returned due to receipt of an incorrect item or quantity, take the following action: 1. Attempt to correct the error with the vendor. 2. If you cannot resolve the problem with the vendor, call the Customer Service Hotline Immediately. 3. Federal regulations require that you notify Bank of America in writing within 60 Days of the first statement date which the disputed charge occurred. 4. Global Card Service can FAX you a Dispute Form to place the item in dispute. After you complete the form, you can fax it back. Notify Accounting. Q. What kind of restrictions or controls are placed on my card? Monthly Spending Limits: $2,500 Single Transaction Limits: $500 Merchant Blocking: Certain category codes are blocked at the Program level. Types of merchants excluded/blocked from Purchasing Program includes: Cash, Furriers, Clocks, Jewelry, Watches, Repair Shops, Casinos and Utilities. Q. How do I report my purchases? How will this affect my University budget? You must attach all original copies of card receipts and invoices or packing slips to the credit card Memo Statement (described below) and send these to the Accounting Office at the end of each month. The Department Activity Log form can be used to track purchases throughout the month. The Accounting Office will compare your Memo Statement report you send to them each month with the transactions appearing on the Bank of America bank statements. The charges appearing on the statements will then be posted to your departmental budget. You must make sure there are sufficient funds available in your budget BEFORE you use your purchasing card. If your credit card purchases exceed the funds available in your budget, your credit card will be VOIDED. Q. Will I receive a report of my purchase? Credit Card MEMO Statements will be mailed to the cardholder every month. The memo statements will itemize all card purchases made since the last statement. You should review these statements for accuracy and report any discrepancies or disputed charges. Match each transaction against your card receipts, attach the receipts that appear on the statement to the statement, and send the statements to the Accounting Office. You may want to copy statements and receipts for your records. Q. Who is responsible for returning goods purchased on the credit card? You should make arrangements to return merchandise to the vendor. You should also review the credit card memo statements to ensure that proper credit was received for the returned goods. 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University of Birmingham Network management: capacity, operations and strategic planning Academic staff Professor Clive Roberts(/staff/profiles/eese/roberts-clive.aspx) Dr Stuart Hillmansen(/staff/profiles/eese/hillmansen-stuart.aspx) Dr Andrew Tobias(/staff/profiles/mechanical/tobias-andrew.aspx) Railways have enjoyed a recent period of rapid growth and demand for new services is increasing. Railway infrastructure managers are looking for new ways to address the capacity problem and to forecast demand.Capacity and how to improve it are among the most significant concerns of many railways worldwide. However, there are several definitions of railway capacity and therefore attempts to improve capacity are dependent on the adopted methodology. Whether a line has reached its capacity and which are the attributes most critical to capacity constraints are often not straightforward to assess. Neither are the impacts of strategic changes such as privatization (1993) , the success of major projects such as the Channel Tunnel (1994) and the modernization of the West Coast Main Line (2007) or indeed, more generally, what any given country can reasonably expect of a railway network both now and in the future. Current projects Network Rail - A Systems View of Railway Capacity MPhil Project - Strategic Change through Reorganization and Major Projects PhD Project - Modelling of Rail Freight Demand Privacy Legal Cookies and cookie policy Accessibility Site map Website feedback Charitable information © University of Birmingham 2015	<urn:uuid:ad7b39c8-ed3d-4e3f-aeb6-b4100a2c0e96>	CC-MAIN-2015-18	http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/activity/railway/research/network-capacity.aspx?download=DownloadasPDFlink_pdf	2015-04-25T00:42:05Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246645538.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045725-00240-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz	362,717,452	515	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.994219	eng_Latn	0.994219	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1548 ]
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SL Green Realty Corp. Announces Common Stock Dividend May 18, 2023 NEW YORK, May 18, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- SL Green Realty Corp. (NYSE:SLG), Manhattan's largest office landlord, today announced that its board of directors has declared a monthly ordinary dividend of $0.2708 per share of common stock. The dividend is payable in cash on June 15, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 31, 2023. About SL Green Realty Corp. SL Green Realty Corp., Manhattan's largest office landlord, is a fully integrated real estate investment trust, or REIT, that is focused primarily on acquiring, managing and maximizing value of Manhattan commercial properties. As of March 31, 2023, SL Green held interests in 60 buildings totaling 33.1 million square feet. This included ownership interests in 28.8 million square feet of Manhattan buildings and 3.4 million square feet securing debt and preferred equity investments. Forward Looking Statement This press release includes certain statements that may be deemed to be "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions thereof. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this press release that address activities, events or developments that we expect, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially, and we caution you not to place undue reliance on such statements. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by the use of the words "may," "will," "should," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "believe," "intend," "project," "continue," or the negative of these words, or other similar words or terms. Forward-looking statements contained in this press release are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by forward-looking statements made by us. Factors and risks to our business that could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements include the risks and uncertainties described in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Except to the extent required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of future events, new information or otherwise. SLG – DIV PRESS CONTACT [email protected] Source: SL Green Realty Corp	<urn:uuid:a4c77575-f4ec-4b56-a3a8-91f917c572ae>	CC-MAIN-2023-23	https://slgreen.gcs-web.com/node/29251/pdf	2023-06-02T16:12:36+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-23/subset=warc/part-00075-ffa3bf93-6ba1-4a27-adea-b0baae3b4389.c000.gz.parquet	570,991,635	552	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.996444	eng_Latn	0.996444	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2757 ]
Errata and updates for ASM Exam P Manual (Third Edition Fourth Printing) sorted by date [1/18/2021] On page 466, in the solution to question 18, on the last line, remove the yellow framed box from 4250 and the answer choice (D) and add the following line: That is the 60 th percentile of loss amount. The corresponding payment is 3750 . (C) Also correct the answer key on page 462. [1/6/2021] On page 32, in the solution to exercise 2.25, on the third line, change "third sock" to "fourth sock" and change "3 mathching out of 5" to "3 matching out of 5". [12/16/2020] On page 363, in the solution to exercise 28.10, on the ﬁfth line, delete 푝 1 + .	<urn:uuid:d721177d-07f1-4251-aaa3-26e7f225ceb4>	CC-MAIN-2021-04	http://aceyourexams.net/errata/ErrataP-3-4d.pdf	2021-01-22T12:22:22+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-04/subset=warc/part-00291-364a895c-5e5c-46bb-846e-75ec7de82b3b.c000.gz.parquet	3,605,597	197	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.994855	eng_Latn	0.994855	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 652 ]
St Vigor, Fulbourn; St Nicholas, Great Wilbraham; St John, Little Wilbraham; and St George, Six Mile Bottom Diocese of Ely Sunday 25 June, 2017 2 nd Sunday after Trinity, Proper 7 year A We are a group of four churches in the Diocese of Ely seeking to worship God faithfully, and to serve Him in all that we do. If you are visiting or if this is your first time worshipping with us, we would love to meet you. Welcome! Lord, you have taught us that all our doings without love are nothing worth: Send your Holy Spirit and pour into our hearts that most excellent gift of love, the true bond of peace and of all virtues, without which whoever lives is counted dead before you. Grant this for your only Son Jesus Christ's sake, who is alive and reigns with you, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. "Not peace but a sword." I resist this saying of Jesus. I resist it a lot, not only because it sounds so wrong. On so many levels. I resist it because deep down I know it's true. That's what happens when the truth gets told. When the truth is let loose. When the truth is finally uttered. And Jesus is telling the truth to his disciples -- if you anticipate a lack of resistance to the truth of which I am asking you to speak, well, I have news for you. The Kingdom of Heaven is not a tranquil existence. Rather, the Kingdom of Heaven disrupts. The Kingdom of Heaven is unsettling. The Kingdom of Heaven upends, especially, the powers that feign peace, but enforce oppression. The Kingdom of Heaven comes with the demands on which true peace insists -- and never lets go of the kind of peace God has in mind. Believing in Jesus -- really believing in what Jesus says, what Jesus stands for, and then admitting it -- is risky business. Relationships will change. Relationships could very well end. That is, in part, what Jesus is saying. When you stand up for what you believe? Nothing will be the same. PARISH CONTACTS Rector: The Revd Alice Goodman, The Rectory, 2 Apthorpe Street, Fulbourn Tel 01223 880 337 Parish Assistant Parish Office: Susie Rogers `Twelve', 15 High Street, Fulbourn Tel 01223 882 070 [email protected] Benefice website www.fulbournandthewilbrahams.org Children's Ministry Sunday School meets EVERY SUNDAY at 11:00am at Fulbourn Church in the Sunday School Room. St Vigor's Baby Dragons meets every Tuesday during term at 9:30am in the Fulbourn Centre. £1.50 for 1 adult + 1 child, 50p for each additional child. Mother and Baby Group meets every Wednesday between 2 and 3pm at Twelve. Twelveis our Church Centre and Shop, located at 15 High Street, Fulbourn. Email: [email protected] Opening hours: Monday 1:30-4:30pm, Tuesday and Thursday 9:30am-4:30pm, Friday 9.30-4.30pm, Saturday 9:30am-12:30pm. Volunteers always needed! Parish Magazine To submit something for The Mill, Fulbourn's monthly Parish Magazine, please contact the editor, Peter Woor, by 15th of each month on 880450 or at [email protected]. For copies (large or standard print), please collect from Twelve. Fellowship Groups Coffee and Chat: First Monday of the month, 10:30am12:30pm at 53 High Street, Great Wilbraham. The Word Together: Ecumenical Bible Study on the third Tuesday of the month, 2:30pm at the United Reformed Church. \| 25 June \| Page \| 2 July \| Page \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Jeremiah 20.7-13 \| 733 \| Jeremiah 28.5-9 \| 742 \| \| Romans 6.1b-11 \| 152 \| Romans 6.12-end \| 152 \| \| Matthew 10.24-39 \| 10 \| Matthew 10.40-end \| 10 \| \| 6:00pm \| \| 6:00pm \| \| \| \| Page \| Psalm 50 \| 531 \| \| \| 733 \| 1 Samuel 28.3-19 \| 280 \| \| \| 152 \| Luke 17.20-end \| 77 \| If you have a notice to go into the weekly sheet, please email or call Twelve by Wednesday evening at the latest. (Tel 01223 882070 or [email protected]) This Week: Sunday 25 June ``` 08:00 Holy Communion (BCP) at F 09:30 Holy Communion at LW 11:00 Holy Communion with Sunday School at F 14.45 Home Close Service at F Monday 26 June 08:30 Morning Prayer at F Tuesday 27 June 08:30 Morning Prayer at F Wednesday 28 June 08:30 Morning Prayer at F 09:15 Wee Worship at GW Thursday 29 June 08:30 Morning Prayer at F Friday 30 June 08:30 Morning Prayer at F ``` Forthcoming Services Sunday 2 July 08:00 Holy Communion (BCP) at F 09:30 Matins at LW 09:30 Holy Communion at SMB 09:30 Come and Join at GW 11:00 Holy Communion with Sunday School at F 18:00 Evensong atF Sunday 9 July 08:00 Holy Communion (BCP) at F 09:30 Holy Communion at LW 11:00 Holy Communion with Sunday School at F 14.45 Home Close Service atF 18:00 Evensong atF Sunday 16 July 08:00 Holy Communion (BCP) at F 09:30 Holy Communion at GW 11:00 Holy Communion with Sunday School at F 18:00 Evensong at F Sunday 23 July 08:00 Holy Communion (BCP) at F 09:30 Holy Communion at LW 11:00 Holy Communion with Sunday School at F 14.45 Home Close Service atF Gluten-free Communion wafers are now available at Holy Communion. If you require one, please tell the sidesperson when you come in. Notices and Events: Please come and join us at 3.30 this Sunday to sing hymns, Songs of Praise style, with afternoon the URC and the Salvation Army Band at the Fulbourn Feast on the recreation ground. Events Great Wilbraham Bible Study will be meeting for the last time June at the Harmers on 3 rd of July at 1.30. Please call Marilyn on 880934 if you would like to go.. St Vigor's Summer Fete will take place on 2 July in the garden of The Six Bells from 2-4. BOTTLES are needed for the bottle stall at St Vigor's Fete. Any and all wholesome substances: shampoo to Champagne. Please leave in Twelve this week. 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Customer Billing Center Replacement (CBC) This project seeks to buy a software-as-a-solution (SaaS) commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) solution that allows enough configurations via the front end to allow business users to configure rules and calculations that will support the current rate case and subsequent rate cases that are issued. The Customer Billing Center (CBC) is the current application used to create and manage a monthly average of 550 bills representing 312 customers, accounting for over $4 billion in revenue per year for BPA. System enhancements support KSB's mission to produce accurate and timely bills and to improve customer satisfaction. The CBC system is directly affected by changes to Policy, Products, and Services offered by both the Power and Transmission business groups and will no longer be supported by the vendor (Oracle) after March 2022. The CBC application will require replacement. The new billing system will need to be kept current with BPA Rate Cases and changes to accurately apply all billing elements to a customer's bill.	<urn:uuid:cb1c538f-6457-4751-b655-b1c7595ae208>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	https://www.bpa.gov/-/media/Aep/finance/asset-management/public-materials-project-synopsis/2023-q2-project-synopses/Customer-Billing-Center-Replacement-CBC.pdf	2023-09-28T05:13:25+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-40/subset=warc/part-00216-7aa0a1e5-33a6-434b-89a2-950f294b40c1.c000.gz.parquet	754,952,921	203	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.997753	eng_Latn	0.997753	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1067 ]
AMENDED NOTICE, CALL, AND AGENDA OF THE SPECIAL MEETING AND REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE TOWN OF DISCOVERY BAY CSD Wednesday August 17, 2011 1800 Willow Lake Road, Discovery Bay, California Website address: www.todb.ca.gov AMENDED SPECIAL MEETING AT 6:30p.m. A. PUBLIC COMMENT The public may address the Board on any item that is described in the agenda. The public may comment on any item on the agenda at the time that item is taken up. Any person wishing to speak must come up and speak from the podium. Any clarifying questions from the Board must go through the Chair. B. OPEN SESSION REPORT OF CLOSED SESSION ITEM PURSUANT TO GOVERNMENT CODE SECTION 54957.7. C. CLOSED SESSION: CONFERENCE WITH LEGAL COUNSEL – ANTICIPATED LITIGATION Significant Exposure to litigation, Government Code Section 54956.9(b) D. Return to open session; report on closed session E. Adjourn Special Meeting REGULAR MEETING at 7:00p.m. A. ROLL CALL 1. Call business meeting to order 7:00p.m. 2. Pledge of Allegiance B. PUBLIC COMMENTS (Individual Public Comments will be limited to a 3-minute time limit) The public may address the Board on any issue in the District’s jurisdiction, which is not on the agenda. The public may comment on any item on the agenda at the time that item is taken up. Any person wishing to speak must come up and speak from the podium. There will be no dialog between the Board and the commenter. Any clarifying questions from the Board must go through the Chair. C. PRESENTATIONS D. PRESIDENT REPORT AND DIRECTORS’ COMMENTS E. CONSENT CALENDAR All matters listed under the CONSENT CALENDAR are considered by the District to be routine and will be enacted by one motion. 1. Minutes of previous Regular meeting dated August 3, 2011 2. District Invoices 3. Approve and Accept the contract work performed by Green Valley Landscape for the construction and completion of the Discovery Bay Boulevard/ Sand Point Road Landscape Improvement project and direct Staff to record “Notice of Completion” with the Contra Costa County Recorder’s Office 4. Approve and Accept the contract work performed by James Breneman for the construction and completion of the Ravenswood Park Splash Pad (Spray Park) project and direct Staff to record the “Notice of Completion” with the contra Costa County Recorder’s Office F. NEW BUSINESS AND ACTION ITEMS 1. Agency Comment Request – Development Plan Modification - Sandy Cove Shopping Center/Chase Bank 2. Approve the purchase of one (1) Ford F-150 Pickup truck and authorize the General Manager to execute all purchase documents between the Town of Discovery Bay CSD and Big Valley Ford/Lincoln in an amount not to exceed $21,344.63 G. VEOLIA REPORT H. MANAGER’S REPORTS 1. Parks and Landscape Manager Perez - Parks and Landscape Update I. GENERAL MANAGER’S REPORT J. DISTRICT LEGAL COUNSEL REPORT K. COMMITTEE UPDATES L. CORRESPONDENCE-Discussion and Possible Action 1. R – Letter from Diablo Water District regarding the 2010 final Urban Water Management Plan dated July 22, 2011 2. R – Letter from Supervisor Piepho regarding the Board Order - Response to Civil Grand Jury Report No. 1108 Entitled “Bridging the Gap at the Orin Allen Youth Rehabilitation Facility dated July 27, 2011 3. R – Discovery Bay P-6 Zone Citizen Advisory Committee meeting Minutes for May 10, 2011 4. R – Letter from John Greitzer, Delta Water Planner to Members, Municipal Advisory Councils in the Delta regarding the Delta Economic Sustainability Plan dated August 5, 2011 5. R – State Route 4 Bypass Authority meeting Minutes for July 14, 2011 M. PUBLIC RECORD REQUESTS RECEIVED N. FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS O. ADJOURNMENT Adjourn to next Regular meeting of September 7, 2011 starting at 7:00pm at 1800 Willow Lake Road-Located in back of the Delta Community Presbyterian Church. "This agenda shall be made available upon request in alternative formats to persons with a disability, as required by the American with Disabilities Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. § 12132) and the Ralph M. Brown Act (California Government Code § 54954.2). Persons requesting a disability related modification or accommodation in order to participate in the meeting should contact the Town of Discovery Bay, at (925)634-1131, during regular business hours, at least twenty-four hours prior to the time of the meeting." "Materials related to an item on the Agenda submitted to the Town of Discovery Bay CSD after distribution of the agenda packet are available for public inspection in the District Office located at 1800 Willow Lake Road during normal business hours."	<urn:uuid:37f88903-ae2b-40c1-aa92-2f5c53abb999>	CC-MAIN-2019-39	https://www.todb.ca.gov/sites/main/files/file-attachments/8.17.11_amended_agenda_2_0.pdf	2019-09-15T08:49:33Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514570830.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20190915072355-20190915094355-00330.warc.gz	1,065,525,249	1,091	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.955557	eng_Latn	0.962805	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 2108, 4626 ]
February 25, 2016 School Board Meeting – Work Session Minu te s Lynden Middle School Library 6:30 P.M. 1. Call to Order, Welcome, Pledge of Allegiance and Roll Call Meeting called to order at 6:32P.M. Board members in attendance were Steve Jilk Mike Haveman, and Kevin Burke. Student Directors; Tore Olson and Carson Smith. Brian Johnson and Dominic Shiu were absent and excused. 2. Approval of Meeting Minutes - Meeting Minutes February 11, 2016 Mike Haveman motioned to approve the meeting minutes seconded by Kevin Burke. Motion carried by voice vote. 3. Consent Agenda - 2015-16 General Fund $274,847.94 Warrants 40104 through 40243 Dated February 15, 2016 - 2015-16 Capital Projects $83,055.14 Warrants 40244 through 40248 Dated February 15, 2016 - 2015-16 ASB Fund $40,137.76 Warrants 40249 through 40268 Dated February 15, 2016 - GF ACH $2,120.12 Warrants 151600181 through 151600203 Dated February 15, 2016 - Personnel Action Items – February 25, 2016 - Settlement - Overnight Trip Requests – February 25, 2016 Mike Haveman motioned to approve the consent agenda seconded by Kevin Burke. Motion carried by voice vote. 4. Information from the Audience None at this meeting. 5. Board Work Session - Technology Discussion – Student Directors Student Directors, Tore Olson and Carson Smith invited high school students Lauren Roddy, Moses Rodruigez, Ezra Arnez, and Meagan Shipley to participate in a discussion about technology in the classroom. The students provided information on the difference of using school devices vs. personal devices. Carson spoke about a recent experience on how a personal device was used to upload documents from Google Docs, making it easier to complete assignments. Students express the need for more technology in "real life" finance classes. The board engaged in discussion on how the school district can look at incorporating different types of technology into the curriculum program. - Budget Update The board reviewed the January budget which included enrollment, general fund comparative, revenues and expenditures. 6. Action Item - Fisher Schematic Design Plans Jim Frey provided a summary of the partnership of approving the Fisher schematic design with the help of the cost estimate and budget. Terry Brown of Zervas shared the latest schematic design plan of the building, grounds, and floor plans. Kevin Burke motioned to approve the Fisher Schematic Design Plans seconded by Mike Haveman. Motion carried by voice vote. 7. Adjourn Meeting Meeting adjourned at 8:30 P.M. Jim Frey Superintendent Brian Johnson President New Hire, Certificated Personnel Name Location Allen, Angela Varner, Lily Peach, Anne Marie Isom BVE BVE LYNDEN SCHOOL DISTRICT Lynden, WA Personnel Recommendations February 25, 2016 Position FTE Effective Overload Teacher Overload Teacher Overload Teacher Change in Assignment, Certificated Personnel Name Location Position 1.0 1.0 1.0 FTE 2.18 – 6.16.16 2.22 – 6.16.16 2.29 – 6.16.16 Effective Comments st 1 Grade – Non Continuing K – Non Continuing st 1 Grade – Non Continuing Comments New Hire, Classified Personnel Change in Assignment, Classified Personnel Name Location Position Leave of Absence, Certificated Personnel Name Location Position Hrs. FTE Effective Effective Comments Comments Leave of Absence, Classified Personnel Resignations/Retirements/Terminations, Certificated Personnel Resignations/Retirement/Terminations/Classified Personnel Supplemental Assignments Supplemental Resignations Employment with the district is subject to acceptable outcome of a criminal history records check and the requirements of RCW 28A.400)	<urn:uuid:747b516d-a888-4647-ab18-943bd017f8c7>	CC-MAIN-2017-43	http://lynden.wednet.edu/UserFiles/Servers/Server_1189/File/Board/2.25.16%20Minutes%20-%20Work%20Session.pdf	2017-10-20T07:07:00Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823839.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20171020063725-20171020083725-00658.warc.gz	204,084,687	916	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.747833	eng_Latn	0.969761	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2077, 2593, 3347, 3698 ]
3rd Floor 303 Portage Ave Winnipeg, MB R3B 2B4 SCHOOL BIKE RACK APPLICATION Submission deadline: April 27 th , 2018. The City of Winnipeg, with assistance of Green Action Centre, has provided funding for the installation of a bike rack for approximately 30 schools in Winnipeg. To be considered for this funding, the following application will determine your suitability for a bike rack. In order to ensure a strong application, please ensure you read over the questions carefully and include as much detail as possible. The application review committee will assess strong applicants as schools who express clearly through writing and photo supplements the following criteria: 1. A clearly articulated strategy and plan for the ongoing support and maintenance for new bike storage options. This includes ongoing school maintenance and installation as well as encouragement of use. 2. An expressed need for new bike storage due to a lack of existing infrastructure or bike storage, or the inadequacy of current infrastructure as a result of disrepair or theft. Successful applicants will be advised by phone and email and will need to complete a waiver before proceeding with installation. Selected schools will be responsible for coordination of installation and maintenance of the bike rack. Green Action Centre 204-925-3777 \| greenactioncentre.ca \| [email protected] APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS School Name: Main contact name: Contact phone number: SCHOOL SUPPORT Please describe how the installation of a bike rack at your school will encourage more students and staff to bike to school. (200 word limit) How has your school demonstrated a commitment to promoting active transportation to date? (400 word limit) Please list any relevant school events, Green Team actions, and cycling-related teaching/learning related initiatives. Does your school currently experience bike theft? If so, please describe. (200 word limit) Do you current track instances of bike theft experienced at your school? If yes, please attach any supplemental data or photos indicating your school's challenge with bike theft. Do you have support from school administration and custodial staff for the implementation of a bike rack? Yes No Yes No Green Action Centre 204-925-3777 \| greenactioncentre.ca \| [email protected] Walking and Cycling Champions According to the Active and Safe Routes to School National Partnership: "Communities with flourishing…programs have attributed their success in part to a program champion". To ensure the ongoing success of a new bike rack, existing programming organized by local administrators, staff, or students will be important. Please provide a list of school administrators or staff that support this initiative, have current or expressed interest in bikerelated programming, and are willing to oversee its use. EXISTING CONDITIONS Do you currently track how many students and/or staff currently ride their bike to school? a) In ideal biking conditions (i.e. spring/fall, warm weather) b) In non-ideal biking conditions (i.e. winter, poor weather) If no, approximately how many students and/or staff currently ride their bike to school? What barriers currently prevent your staff or students from riding to school? (400 word limit) Does your school currently have any bike infrastructure (i.e. bike rack / bike cage)? If yes, please identify what existing bike infrastructure you have. If yes, please identify, using photo support, the current condition of each piece of bike infrastructure. If successful, please describe the maintenance plan for the bike rack to ensure it is accessible for students and teachers year round. (400 word limit) Yes No If yes, please indicate how many students/staff ride their bikes to school... Yes No Green Action Centre 204-925-3777 \| greenactioncentre.ca \| [email protected] We welcome applicants to submit additional documentation to strengthen their application, as identified by the criteria stated above. Acceptable documents include photos, certificates, letters of support, etc. Please note: the maximum amount given to each school for one bike rack is $750.00, including installation. Please send this completed application to Lea Coté By email: [email protected] By mail: Attn: Lea Coté, Green Action Centre, 3-303 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2B4	<urn:uuid:1cc3b280-0ecf-4a56-8c3d-7f6c7bb7d697>	CC-MAIN-2018-17	http://greenactioncentre.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/School-Bike-Rack-Application-FINAL-with-boxes-1.pdf	2018-04-23T09:26:50Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945940.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20180423085920-20180423105920-00526.warc.gz	136,467,288	871	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.993168	eng_Latn	0.996957	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1299, 2251, 3809, 4392 ]
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Agricultural Research Magazine U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 2-2013 New Club Wheat Holding Its Own Against Fungal Disease Kim Garland-Campbell USDA-ARS, [email protected] Jan Suszkiw ARS Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaagresmag Part of the Agriculture Commons, Animal Sciences Commons, Food Science Commons, and the Plant Sciences Commons Garland-Campbell, Kim and Suszkiw, Jan, "New Club Wheat Holding Its Own Against Fungal Disease" (2013). Agricultural Research Magazine. 77. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaagresmag/77 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Agricultural Research Magazine by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska Lincoln. New Club Wheat Holding Its Own Against Fungal Disease YUE JIN (D517-1) Pacific Northwest wheat growers now have added insurance against outbreaks of yield-robbing fungi, thanks to Cara, a soft, white, winter club wheat cultivar developed by the Agricultural Research Service that boasts high levels of disease resistance and outstanding flour quality. Washington State accounts for 77 percent, or 230,000 acres, of the entire U.S. club wheat crop, with the remainder produced in Oregon and Idaho. Much of the acreage in Washington and Oregon is planted with three cultivars: Bruehl, Cara, and Chukar. Spring-sown club wheat cultivars JD and Eden are grown on another 11,000 acres. Although several other winter club wheats are available, there's been a push to broaden the specialty crop's genetic diversity, especially amid the latest fungal disease flareup. "Recently, we've had severe epidemics of stripe rust, which is able to mutate rapidly and overcome the resistance that's present in the current crop," says Kim Garland-Campbell, an ARS geneticist who coordinates the club wheat breeding program. "We're correcting former deficiencies, like poor disease resistance, in today's club wheat and put together a crop production package that's better than what was available." Cara, the program's latest offering, combined high grain yields and flour quality with resistance to multiple fungal diseases, most notably stripe rust, which has inflicted yield losses of up to 40 percent. The release and subsequent sale of Cara, in 2009, "coincided with a stripe-rust epidemic and has driven a lot of the popularity," notes Garland-Campbell, with the ARS Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology, and Disease Research Unit in Pullman, Washington. In Washington, Cara was planted on 17,900 acres in 2011, primarily in the 18 Stripe rust can cause significant yield losses to wheat growers. Palouse, a fertile agricultural region encompassing part of southeastern Washington and north-central Idaho. Growers in Oregon and Idaho planted 1,500 and 1,000 acres, respectively, of the cultivar. Like that from other club wheats, flour milled from Cara has low viscosity and protein content, coupled with high "break flour" and "weak gluten"—characteristics ideal for making air-leavened cakes, sugar snap cookies, biscuits, pastries, and other soft, fluffy-textured baked goods. Weakened gluten is important because it means "you can whip the batter up to give it height, whereas with a regular flour, this would give it a tough consistency," explains Garland-Campbell. "Break flour is associated with softness and gives the flour its fine texture." Club wheat flour is mainly exported to Pacific Rim countries, including Japan, Taiwan, and Korea, and is considered a value-added component of the market-class blend known as "western white wheat." For example, in Japan, this high-quality blend of soft white and 10-20 percent club wheat commands a premium price and is the flour of choice for making Kasutera, a traditional Japanese sponge cake. In the field, however, Cara is one tough cookie. It contains genes (Yr17, Pch1, and others) that enable it to withstand attack by the stripe rust fungus, Puccina striiformis; Oculimacula yallundae, which causes straw breaker foot rot; and Blumeria graminis, the culprit behind powdery mildew. Though fungicides have proven effective against these pathogens, "We've found that you still need some level of resistance in the crop, because you can't always get the fungicide on the crop in time—especially with fall infections—and fungicides are an added cost to production," says Garland-Campbell. Based on 60 yield trials conducted in plots where stripe rust was present in Oregon and Washington, Cara outperformed most other commercial cultivars, with 2-year yield averages ranging from 3 to 18 percent better than other cultivars in the trials. Cara's best performance was in five environments in the 16- to 20-inch rainfall zone of the 2011 Washington cereal variety-testing trials. Yields averaged 157 bushels per acre on rain-fed wheat produc- Agricultural Research l February 2013 tion, surpassing those of top-performing commercial club wheat checks Bruehl, Chukar, and Coda, as well as soft white wheat checks Brundage96, ORCF102, and Xerpha—especially in areas with severe rust. Cara—which was derived from crossing three diverse germplasm sources—is primarily adapted to the Palouse and other rust-prone areas with 15-24 inches of annual precipitation. It grows as a semi-dwarf plant and has sturdy stems that are less prone to lodging, or toppling over such that its grain can't be harvested. Like other club wheats, flour milled from Cara has characteristics ideal for making air-leavened cakes, cookies, pastries, and other fluffytextured baked goods. In addition to colleagues in the ARS laboratory and at Washington State University in Pullman, Garland-Campbell collaborated on Cara's development, testing, and release with scientists at the University of Minnesota, Purdue University, Oregon State University, and Connell Grain Growers, Inc., of Connell, Washington. Cara's milling, baking, and end-use properties were evaluated using international protocols set forth by AACC International (formerly American Association of Cereal Chemists). In those evaluations, Cara proved "as good as the best club wheat check cultivars with high break flour and cake volumes," Garland-Campbell and coauthors report in an upcoming issue of Crop Science. The milling quality is especially good, says Garland-Campbell. "We like to call it a monster miller." The researchers are now focusing on improving other desirable traits, including winterhardiness and grain volume. They have two new club wheat cultivars, ARS-Crescent and ARS-Chrystal, on seed increase, making the Pacific Northwest's club wheat crop even more of an asset to growers eyeing lucrative markets abroad.—By Jan Suszkiw, ARS. This research is part of Plant Genetic Resources, Genomics, and Genetic Improvement, an ARS national program (#301) described at www.nps.ars.usda.gov. Kim Garland-Campbell is in the USDAARS Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology, and Disease Research Unit, Washington State University, Room 209, Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164; (509) 335-0582, kim. 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OPEN ACCESS Citation: Tahamont S, Jelveh Z, McNeill M, Yan S, Chalfin A, Hansen B (2023) No ground truth? No problem: Improving administrative data linking using active learning and a little bit of guile. PLoS ONE 18(4): e0283811. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0283811 Editor: Kathiravan Srinivasan, Vellore Institute of Technology: VIT University, INDIA Received: March 9, 2022 Accepted: March 19, 2023 Published: April 4, 2023 Copyright: © 2023 Tahamont et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: The dataset we used in the present study contains the universe of criminal charges filed in Oregon courts between 1990 and 2012. The dataset includes personally identifiable information of each defendant, including name (first, last), date of birth, race, and sex. The dataset is maintained by the Oregon Judicial Department. Individuals who wish to replicate the analyses in the paper can apply to access the data via a public records request (https://www.oregon.gov/cjc/about/Pages/PublicRecords-Request.aspx), or through a data sharing RESEARCH ARTICLE No ground truth? No problem: Improving administrative data linking using active learning and a little bit of guile Sarah TahamontID 1 , Zubin JelvehID 1,2 , Melissa McNeill 3 , Shi Yan 4 , Aaron Chalfin 5,6 , Benjamin Hansen 6,7 1 Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America, 2 College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America, 3 Crime Lab New York, University of Chicago, New York, NY, United States of America, 4 School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America, 5 Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, 6 National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America, 7 Department of Economics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America [email protected] Abstract While linking records across large administrative datasets ["big data"] has the potential to revolutionize empirical social science research, many administrative data files do not have common identifiers and are thus not designed to be linked to others. To address this problem, researchers have developed probabilistic record linkage algorithms which use statistical patterns in identifying characteristics to perform linking tasks. Naturally, the accuracy of a candidate linking algorithm can be substantially improved when an algorithm has access to "ground-truth" examples—matches which can be validated using institutional knowledge or auxiliary data. Unfortunately, the cost of obtaining these examples is typically high, often requiring a researcher to manually review pairs of records in order to make an informed judgement about whether they are a match. When a pool of ground-truth information is unavailable, researchers can use "active learning" algorithms for linking, which ask the user to provide ground-truth information for select candidate pairs. In this paper, we investigate the value of providing ground-truth examples via active learning for linking performance. We confirm popular intuition that data linking can be dramatically improved with the availability of ground truth examples. But critically, in many real-world applications, only a relatively small number of tactically-selected ground-truth examples are needed to obtain most of the achievable gains. With a modest investment in ground truth, researchers can approximate the performance of a supervised learning algorithm that has access to a large database of ground truth examples using a readily available off-the-shelf tool. Introduction One of the more exciting recent developments in empirical social science research is the increasing availability of large administrative databases and the ability to link across them to agreement with the Oregon Judicial Department. Interested parties may email the Oregon Judicial Department at OJCIN Online (ojcin.online@ojd. state.or.us), or contact Stephanie Guerena via email ([email protected]). Funding: The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. generate new insights. Indeed linked datasets have allowed researchers working in descriptive, predictive, and causal modalities to generate systematic inferences about large numbers of individuals [1–9]. Unfortunately, most administrative datasets are not designed to be linked to others and thus have no common and reliable unique identifiers. Most often, researchers must attempt to link individuals using their demographic characteristics, such as name, date of birth, race, gender, and address. Typically, only a subset of this information is available and the data are subject to missingness, transcription errors and other systematic imperfections [10, 11]. Accordingly, the linking process is often difficult and fraught with error, particularly in domains like criminal justice and social service provision where the manner in which the data are collected makes them especially susceptible to recording errors [12–14]. Machine learning researchers have developed techniques such as self-supervised learning [15] and source free domain adaptation [16] to address the problem of data linking with little to no access to ground truth labels; however, the implementation of these techniques generally requires technical expertise that is uncommon among applied social science researchers who are, nonetheless, interested in linking data without common unique identifiers. An old adage in data analysis and statistical modeling highlights the self-evident but foundational principle that empirical estimates from a model are only as good as the underlying data used to generate them. In the data linking context, as researchers make errors in linking between administrative datasets, the analytic samples used to generate estimates of interest will also contain errors. Unfortunately, the consequences of even modest linking errors can be severe. Random linking errors lead to attenuated estimates of a treatment effect of interest [11]. While attenuation bias may not lead to important qualitative distortions in reasonably large datasets, in the many applications in which statistical power is constrained by the cost or availability of data—including, notably, the vast majority of randomized field experiments— the consequence will be an increase in the probability of a false negative or a Type II error. Given the tendency for underpowered studies to end up in the "desk drawer," Type II errors can have devastating consequences not only for individual research studies but also for entire literatures [17–19]. Recognizing the fundamental importance of data linking to applied research, statisticians and computer scientists have, for many years, worked to develop probabilistic record linkage algorithms which use statistical patterns in identifying characteristics to perform linking tasks [20–22]. This research has established that probabilistic linking algorithms, in which cases are considered to be a match when they exceed some threshold probability of being a true link, outperform the seemingly "conservative" approach of exact matching [11]. Consequently, a great deal of work aims to improve the performance of such algorithms. Indeed, in recent years, approaches to linking have become ever more sophisticated [15, 16]. While, in principle, many of these algorithms do not require prior information on which two records refer to the same person, supervised learning algorithms—the most powerful approach to data linking—require a pool of "ground-truth" data in order to train the algorithm [23]. With a large enough training sample, the algorithm can learn from patterns in the data and deduce which records are likely to match one another in unseen data. Unfortunately, ground truth data is often unavailable and the cost of obtaining ground truth examples can be high, often requiring a researcher to manually review pairs of records to make an informed judgement about match status. Several recently published application examples involving name matching algorithms demonstrate the benefits of data linkage using ground truth labels [21, 24, 25]. Nevertheless, the time-consuming nature of the task makes it prohibitively costly to generate a large volume of ground-truth examples to improve algorithmic performance, if none already exist. Although there are efforts to reduce the cost of ground-truth discovery by crowdsourcing [26], this approach is not applicable to all kinds of datasets and research contexts. An alternative approach to data linking is to use an active learning algorithm. Like supervised learning, the goal is to generate ground truth labels upon which the linking algorithm can be trained. However, the approach is far more surgical. Whereas supervised learning requires that the research team have access to a relatively large ground truth database, active learning algorithms request labels from the researcher for high leverage cases and learn from a much smaller number of ground truth labels [27–29]. These approaches typically work by presenting the human labeler with examples to label, starting with the example whose label would yield the most information. The researcher can label as many or as few examples as they want, using either their own time constraints or the diminished utility of labeling an additional example as a stopping criteria. While this approach is thought to be an improvement over unsupervised linking methods that do not use ground truth at all, the consequences on linking quality have not been rigorously analyzed. In particular, we may be concerned that the number of ground-truth examples needed to maintain linking performance below a particular maximal error rate might grow as a function of the size of the data sets and the relative frequency of mismatches between the data sets involved. Simply put, the concern is that the potential benefits of an active learning approach are necessarily limited by the paucity of ground truth data that active learning algorithms can access. In this paper, we investigate the value of ground-truth examples for linking performance. Using a popular open-source record linkage algorithm, dedupe [30], we explore how the payoff to investing in ground truth labels varies based on linking context, such as the difficulty of the linking task, the size of the training dataset, and the size of the datasets involved in the linking task itself. Specifically, we fix the share of true matches that do not match exactly on name and date of birth at 50 percent (which is likely at the "messier" end of data sets we have observed in the field) and vary the following parameters to explore the responsiveness of the linking error rate to the difficulty of the matching task: the size of data set that was used to train an algorithm and the size of the pool of potential records. Our principle contributions are as follows: 1. We provide a roadmap for applied social science researchers—especially those who are unfamiliar with the technical data science literature on record linking—to perform data linking efficiently when ground truth information is unavailable. 2. We confirm the common sense finding that data linking can be dramatically improved with the availability ground truth examples. But critically, we note that in many applications, only a relatively small number of tactically-selected ground-truth examples are sufficient to obtain most of the achievable gains. 3. We show, that in the context of a common linking task, with a modest investment in obtaining ground truth examples, researchers can quickly surpass the performance of an unsupervised algorithm and, instead, approximate the performance of a sophisticated supervised learning algorithm that has access to a large database of ground truth examples using a simple and readily available off-the-shelf linking tool. Data and methods In the present study, we have ground-truth information on true matches, which allows us to report true error rates in order to assess linking performance. Since there may be certain true matches that will be very difficult for any algorithm to find (e.g. if the identifying information is completely different across records), we also estimate a proxy for the "achievable" error rate via an algorithm that has access to all ground-truth examples. To do so, we employ the Name Match Python package and compare the error rate from Name Match to the rates from dedupe. We establish a performance baseline using a popular unsupervised record linkage tool called fastLink. Data Our study protocol was reviewed by the University of Oregon Institutional Review Board (Protocol Number 09052018.005) and was determined to qualify for exemption as per the Common Rule regulations found at Title 45 CFR 46.101(b)(4). This review determined that no informed consent process was applicable for the current study. Our test linking data is a set of identified administrative records on three million charges filed in Oregon courts between 1990–2012, maintained in the Oregon Judicial Information Network (OJIN). The individual records in the OJIN data contain a number of relevant data points: name, date of birth, race, and gender of the defendant; the date the case was filed, a description of the charge, and a unique identification number that links the same defendants across rows in the data set. Around 77% of the sample is White, while Hispanic and Black individuals each makes up around 10% of the sample. Nearly 80% of the individuals are male, and the average age is around 32.6 years (SD = 11.1 years). We link the data using first name, middle initial, last name, date of birth, race, gender and age. We use the unique identifier as our indicator of ground truth to assess whether the algorithms are able to correctly identify links at the person level. Among the records that we can identify as the same person, because they share a unique identifier, 63.7 percent match exactly on name, 90.7 percent match exactly on date of birth, and 59.7 percent match exactly on both name and date of birth (see S1 Appendix for details about how far off non-exact matches are in the data). We collapse the file to the case level, because there is no variation in a person's identifying information across charges within a case. This leaves us with 1.3 million cases. The linking task The record linkage task we are simulating using these data is a link between a small data set from a research experiment, which we'll call E (one record per person), and a larger administrative data set, D (potentially multiple records per person). Our set up mirrors a common linking task in a number of settings, such as linking the names of youth employment program participants to the list of arrestees to examine the crime-reduction effect of employment, or linking the list of election candidates to the list of corporate directors to study if politically connected business had easier access to loans [31, 32]. We further subdivide E and D into training Et and Dt and evaluation Ee and De portions, since we do not want to evaluate results of a learning algorithm on in-sample data. We also ensure that there is no overlap between the training and evaluation data sets. In the specifications to follow, the size of the training and evaluation sets are the same. Experimental data sets Et and Ee are always set to 1,000 unique individuals. The administrative data sets vary between 5,000, 50,000, and 200,000 records, where Dt and De are the same number of records in each specification. In other words, in every specification, we can think of our objective as attempting to link a person-level experimental data set of 1,000 observations to a case-level data set of either 5,000, 50,000 or 200,000 records. Finally, we hold the distribution of records per person constant at values reasonably similar to the full data set's natural distribution. The distribution of records per person in the administrative data D is as Table 1 shows: We fix the true match rate, meaning the rate of individuals in the experimental data E who have a true match in the administrative data at 50% to facilitate performance evaluation. In other words, 50% of the people in the experimental data set have one or more records in the administrative data set. If our linking algorithm performs perfectly, we would expect to find a link in D for the 500 people from E that have one. Among these true matches, the share of matches where the records in the experimental data E and the administrative data D match exactly on first name, last name and date of birth is approximately 50% for both the training and evaluation sets. Meaning that of the 1,000 individuals in E, 500 have a record in D and 250 of those have a record in D that matches the information in E exactly on first name, last name, and date of birth. This particular type of linking task is becoming increasingly common in the social sciences, particularly as it relates to the proliferation of the "low-cost" randomized controlled trial, in which a data set of participants from an intervention is linked to existing administrative databases to capture outcome data in one or more domains [33]. Running dedupe The dedupe tool can perform linking tasks using either a traditional record linkage framework, which only considers links between the administrative database D and the experimental data E or a de-duplication linkage framework in which the records in the experimental data E are appended to the administrative data set D making one large database with the number of records equal to the sum of the records from E and D. From there, links are identified via deduplication meaning that, unlike the record linkage framework, the process considers links within the administrative database D and also within the experimental data E. To streamline the presentation of results here, we present results for the de-duplication linkage framework, because it tends to have better performance in this context than the traditional record linkage framework. Although the patterns we discuss hold for both kinds of linkage frameworks (see S1 for the traditional record linkage framework results). Evaluating all possible pairs of records as potential links is often too computationally intensive to be feasible in real-world linking tasks. As a result, record linkage processes begin with a blocking step designed to reduce the number of comparisons required during linking by eliminating those that have low likelihood of being true matches. During blocking, records are organized into groups that consist of broadly similar records according to particular criteria. For example, blocking on birth year would mean that only records with the same birth year will be considered as potential links. The goal is to choose blocking criteria to discard as many nonlinks as possible without discarding true links. Once the data is organized into blocks, the linking task proceeds by assessing pairs of records within blocks to find potential links. This restriction of the comparison space can greatly reduce runtime of the linkage task, but often forces the researcher to make an a priori decision about which blocking rules to impose. Dedupe's blocking step is part of the active learning process. The optimal blocking rules are part of what is learned via the active learning process, with dedupe learning blocking rules to maximize the share of true pairs that make it past the blocking step. Accordingly there are no a priori decisions that the user has to make about what defines a block before the linking process begins. This active learning component, which typically requires users to label some number of pairs as either a match, non-match, or unknown, is a critical component of dedupe's linking process. As previously noted, active learning algorithms work by identifying unlabeled potential links that are likely to provide the most information for the training procedure. Dedupe's active learning step starts by creating four different types of queues, in decreasing order of expected gain in predictive information. 1. Type A: Record pairs that are not blocked together, but have high link probabilities (greater than 0.5) 2. Type B: Record pairs that are blocked together, but have low link probabilities (less than 0.5) 3. Type C: Record pairs that are blocked together and have high link probabilities 4. Type D: Record pairs that are not blocked together and have low link probabilities At each step, dedupe presents the human labeler with a sample from the non-empty queue with the highest priority. For example, if there are no record pairs that meet the criteria for the first queue, then a record pair from the second queue is sampled for human labeling. Predicted probabilities are generated from a regularized linear regression model using the instances labeled up to that point as the outcome. The flowchart below documents dedupe's process (Fig 1). We simulate human input by feeding dedupe the labels it requests from ground truth data in order to ensure consistency. By automating the active learning process using ground truth data, we are evaluating dedupe's performance under optimal conditions, in which there are no errors in the labeling process. In other words, we are assessing dedupe's performance under the condition that what it learns from the labeling process is entirely correct. The active learning component of dedupe asks the user to label training pairs until it reaches a minimum of 10 Table 1. Distribution of records per individual in training and evaluation data. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283811.t001 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283811.g001 positive and 10 negative labels. While dedupe does not limit the training process, the website notes that it should be rare to need more than 50 positive and 50 negative cases to train the algorithm on even the most difficult and messy data sets [34]. There are parameters in dedupe that control the set of pairs that are available during the active learning step of the linking process. The "sample size" parameter determines the number of label-eligible record pairs and the "blocked proportion" parameter influences what share of label-eligible record pairs are similar pairs vs. random pairs. We will show that in the context of our linking task, performance was highly sensitive to the choice of the sample-size parameter. In contrast, our results were not sensitive to variations in blocked proportion. As a result, we fixed blocked proportion at the deduplication framework's default value of 0.90. A value of 0.90 means that 90% of all the record pairs that the user could be asked to label are records that were similar enough to appear in the same block at least once. The remaining 10% are random pairs of records that, most likely, look nothing alike. Finally, we also make a minor adjustment to the train function. The "recall" parameter is set to 1 by default, meaning that the algorithm must find blocking rules such that 100% of labeled matches are blocked together. We adjusted the recall parameter to.99, because occasionally there are real world cases where an individual actually has two very different looking records. We run dedupe four times for each specification of our linking task in order to observe any variation in linking performance that may occur due to random sampling performed by the algorithm. The version of dedupe used in this paper is v2.0.6, with minor modifications to allow for automated labeling. Implementation platform We ran dedupe with access to 8 Intel Xeon Platinum 8180 CPUs and 700 gigabytes of RAM. One of the benefits of linking using dedupe is that it can be run on a personal laptop and does not require specialized hardware. While we did not conduct an extensive run-time analysis, the relatively short duration of even the longest dedupe run (an average of 134 minutes for a specification with a budget of 1,000, an administrative dataset size of 200,000, and a sample size setting of 150,000), suggests that dedupe's runtime is a very reasonable investment for the purposes of constructing an analytic data set. Benchmarking using a supervised learning algorithm Since administrative data linking is a noisy task under the best conditions, solely comparing dedupe's performance to the true link rate is a stringent standard. Accordingly, we also conducted a benchmarking exercise so that we had a point of comparison for dedupe's performance that was more indicative of what might be possible for a linking algorithm that had access to all the ground truth information, which is likely the best possible performance under real world conditions. To establish this best-case-scenario benchmark, we used a supervised record linkage algorithm, Name Match, to link each combination of experimental dataset E and administrative dataset D. Name Match was given access to the same data fields dedupe used, plus all of the ground truth information available. We used the Name Match tool's default settings, including the default blocking scheme which considers two records a potential link if their birthdays are within 2 character edits of each other and their names are reasonably similar. Results are based on Name Match version 1.1.0. Benchmarking using an unsupervised learning algorithm To demonstrate the performance gains achievable through modest investment in generating ground truth labels, we also establish a performance baseline using one of the most popular unsupervised record linkage tools, fastLink. This allows us to understand expected linking performance in a circumstance where none of the ground truth information is available. Specifically, we used fastLink to link each combination of experimental dataset E and administrative dataset D. We gave fastLink access to the same seven data fields dedupe and Name Match used, but none of the ground truth information. When using fastLink, we chose a blocking scheme such that two records were considered a potential link if their birth years were within one year (window.block) and their last names were loosely similar (kmeans.block with 2 clusters). This is a reasonable blocking scheme and closely resembles the blocking scheme used in Name Match. Otherwise, all of fastLink's parameters were left to default values. Results are based on fastLink version 0.6.0. Evaluation metrics There are a number of candidate performance metrics we can use to assess the performance of record linking tools. We focus on three evaluation metrics: precision, recall, and total error. Precision and recall are commonly used to evaluate the performance of information retrieval and prediction tasks, because they each focus on a different type of error. In the context of data linkage, high precision indicates fewer false positives. In other words, the algorithm is not linking records that belong to two different individuals. Whereas, recall focuses on false negatives. High recall means that the algorithm is not missing the true links that do, in fact, belong to the same individual. While, ideally, an algorithm has both—high precision and high recall—there is an inherent trade off between the two: fewer false positives typically results in more false negatives, and vice versa. In some cases, the relative costs of false positive and false negative links varies, so it is useful to assess these two measures separately. The total error metric—which is a combination of the false positive rate (FPR) and the false negative rate (FNR)—is also key because the bias introduced by linkage errors is a function of the total linking error [11]. Naturally, to minimize the bias introduced by the linking process, we want to minimize the total error metric. Results Off the shelf performance We begin by assessing dedupe's "off the shelf" performance in the task of linking the experimental data set, E, to administrative data sets, D, of varying sizes. Fig 2 presents the results of this exercise using dedupe's deduplication framework to link E to D. We perform the task with dedupe's default settings: the "sample size" parameter set to 1,500 label-eligible pairs and blocked proportion set to 0.90. We compare dedupe's performance to that of an unsupervised learning algorithm (fastLink) and a supervised learning algorithm (Name Match). In each of the plots, the dashed peach line represents the performance of the unsupervised learning algorithm (fastLink) and the solid black line represents the performance of the supervised learning algorithm (Name Match). In order to generate confidence intervals around algorithm performance, we developed a bootstrapped inference procedure (described in detail in S1 Appendix), the shaded areas on the plots represent the bootstrapped 95% confidence interval. Each of the points represents a separate run of dedupe. (Note that some of the runs had nearly identical performance, such that they are not individually distinguishable in the figure.) The plots in Columns 2 (n = 50,000) & 3 (n = 200,000) of Fig 2 had extraordinarily high total error rates, much higher than the "baseline" performance of the unsupervised learning algorithm and in some cases approaching 100 percent. For example, the best performance for 50,000 admin rows was 33 percent total linking error even after feeding the algorithm 1,000 accurate ground truth labels. The results in Column 3 reveal even larger error rates. Here the best total error rate was 54 percent—for the task of linking an experimental data E of 1,000 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283811.g002 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283811.g003 Table 2. Statistical comparisons of total error rate for "sample size"-adjusted dedupe and default dedupe. The median column compares the performance of the median runs of each algorithm. The worst-case column compares the best run of default dedupe to the worst run of "sample size"-adjusted dedupe. * Indicate significant difference in total error rate between "sample size"-adjusted dedupe and default dedupe. Share significant indicates the percentage of comparisons where "sample size"-adjusted dedupe was a significant improvement over default dedupe. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283811.t002 individuals to an administrative data set D containing 200,000 rows with 1,000 accurate ground truth labels. This is a concerning result given that many administrative data sets that might be targeted for linking tasks are quite large. In order to investigate the reason for such high error rates in Fig 2, we next examine the sensitivity of the results to varying each of dedupe's hyperparameters (i.e., the set of adjustable parameters). "Sample size" implications We found that linking performance using dedupe is highly sensitive to the "sample size" parameter as the size of the administrative data set D increases. In other words, for larger administrative data set sizes, dedupe needs a larger pool of candidate pairs from which it can select pairs to be labeled during the active learning component of the linking process. Fig 3 shows the performance of the linking task for "sample sizes" of 1,500 (default), 15,000, 150,000 and 300,000 candidate pairs. With respect to performance, all of the sample sizes performed similarly with respect to precision (Fig 3, Panel B). While precision performance is not very sensitive to sample size, increasing the number of candidate pairs to which dedupe has access when it is looking for candidates to label has large effects on recall performance (Fig 3, Panel C). As Panel C, Column 3 shows, recall never exceeded 40 percent on average even when we provided accurate labels for 1,000 of the 1,500 candidate pairs. By contrast, for all three specifications, a sample size of 300,000 candidate pairs performed well on both precision and recall and, by extension, total error. The "sample size" induced variation in dedupe's performance is driven by the availability of "high value" candidate pairs that, when labeled, provide the most predictive information for the algorithm. These "high value" candidate record pairs are relatively rare, and therefore increasing the sample size parameter allows dedupe's active learning step access to more "high value" pairs to present for labeling (see S1 Appendix for a detailed analysis of the types of candidate pairs selected for labeling at various sample sizes). We performed a bootstrap inference procedure to test whether adjusting the sample size parameter has a significantly better performance than default dedupe (see S1 Appendix for details). For each bootstrap sample and performance metric, we take the difference between the performance metric values for "sample size"-adjusted dedupe and default dedupe. We perform this process for each linking specification considered, i.e. size of dataset D and the label budget provided to dedupe. Thus, for each linking specification, we have a bootstrap distribution of the difference in performance metrics between adjusted and default dedupe. We consider the performance of "sample size"-adjusted dedupe to be significantly better than default dedupe if the difference in performance is less than zero at the 95th percentile of the empirical distribution for total error. We find that changing dedupe's sample size parameter to 150,000 potential pairs results in significantly better performance than the default version of dedupe in the majority of comparisons. In Table 2) the median column compares the total error rates for the median run of "sample size"-adjusted dedupe and default dedupe. The worst-case column compares the best run of default dedupe to the worst run of sample size adjusted dedupe. The asterisks in the table indicate that the difference in performance between "sample size"-adjusted dedupe and default dedupe is less than zero at the 95th percentile of the empirical distribution of differences in total error rate. The table also presents the percentage of comparisons for which "sample size"-adjusted dedupe was a significant improvement over default dedupe. The benefit to increasing the sample size parameter is most notable when the administrative database D is relatively large. When D has 50,000 rows, we see significant improvements when we adjust the sample size parameter, where the number of labels is 80 or more. In that case adjusting the sample size results in a significantly lower total error rate in 60–100% of possible comparisons depending on the number of labels that are used. The benefits to adjusting dedupe's sample size parameter are even more dramatic when the size of the administrative database D is 200,000 rows. In those tests, the "sample size"-adjusted version of dedupe performed significantly better than default dedupe (with respect to total error) for between 80–100% of possible comparisons. However, there are costs to the speed of the process by substantially increasing sample size. To balance run time costs and performance, we shifted to a sample size of 150,000 for all specifications. Main results Fig 4 presents the performance of our linking task with the larger "sample size." A couple important findings emerge. First, when we look at the plots in Fig 4 we see that many more of the dots are filled in compared to the dots on the plots in Fig 2, indicating that the runs were much more likely to meet the baseline training threshold of 10 positive and 10 negative links during the labeling process when dedupe is given access to a larger pool of candidate links during the labeling process. However, we also see that even conditional on meeting the training criterion of 10 positive and 10 negative labels dedupe's performance improves when we provide more ground truth labels up to a point when it starts to flatten out around 200 labels. We see from the figure that there are diminishing returns to providing ground truth labels after approximately 200 labels. We found that the performance improvement levels off after 200 labels, because after that point there are fewer and fewer "high value" candidate pairs (we https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283811.g004 provide a detailed demonstration of this relationship in the S1 Appendix). This is a key result because it means that in linking contexts when there are no pre-existing ground truth labels available, linking using active learning performs well with reasonable investments in ground truth labels. The performance improvements are largely driven by improvements in recall performance. The result is even more remarkable put in context. Fig 4 shows the performance of the unsupervised learning algorithm, fastLink, as a baseline and the performance of the supervised learning algorithm, Name Match, as a benchmark for the linking performance we might expect under the best case scenario of access to a large amount of ground truth information. For all of the administrative data set sizes we tested, we are able to outperform the popular unsupervised learning algorithm and achieve performance similar to (or better than) a supervised learning algorithm by using dedupe's active learning algorithm and an investment in providing approximately 200 ground truth labels (or fewer in some circumstances). To formally differentiate between the performance of the algorithms, we used the same bootstrap inference procedure (described in detail in S1 Appendix). Table 3 presents the results of these comparisons. In Table 3 the median column compares the total error rates for the median run of "sample size"-adjusted dedupe to fastLink (Panel A) or Name Match (Panel B). The worstcase column compares the best run of fastLink to the worst run of "sample size"-adjusted dedupe (Panel A) or the best run of Name Match to the worst run of "sample size"-adjusted dedupe. The asterisks in the table indicate that the difference in performance between "sample size"-adjusted dedupe and fastLink or Name Match is less than zero at the 95th percentile of Table 3. Statistical comparisons of total error rate between "sample size"-adjusted dedupe with fastLink and Name Match. * Indicate significant difference in total error between the algorithms. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283811.t003 the empirical distribution of differences in total error rate. The table also presents the percentage of comparisons for which "sample size"-adjusted dedupe was a significant improvement over fastLink (Panel A) and for which Name Match was a signficant improvement over "sample size"-adjusted dedupe (Panel B). In these tests, dedupe outperforms fastLink with respect to the total error rate for nearly every type of comparison tested, including all but one instance comparing dedupe's worst performance to fastLink's best performance. Indeed, for this particular linking task, in all but two scenarios (label budget = 20, D = 5, 000 & D = 50, 000), dedupe significantly outperformed fastLink in 100% of possible comparisons. We also tested whether the total error rates for dedupe and Name Match were statistically distinguishable from one another. However, unlike with the previous comparisons, where an analyst will want to be able to statistically distinguish between the performance of each of the comparisons, here, the most salient question is whether dedupe can return total error rates that are not statistically significantly different from those returned by Name Match. For administrative database sizes 5,000 and 50,000, provided dedupe has at least 80 labels, dedupe's performance is indistinguishable from Name Match's performance. When the administrative database is 50,000 rows, Name Match performed significantly better than dedupe only when we compared the worst performing run of dedupe to the best performing run of Name Match and, even then, in less than one-third of the possible comparisons when we provided dedupe with at least 200 labels. For the largest administrative database size we tested (200,000 rows) we see that although the results are not quite as dramatic, dedupe still performs to a level that is statistically indistinguishable from Name Match in more than 40% of possible comparisons when we provide at least 200 labels. This is a very encouraging result. With a few small adjustments to an open source package, researchers who have data linking needs but little specific linkage expertise can leverage active learning and a relatively small investment in providing ground truth labels to achieve remarkable performance even if their data is quite messy. Importantly, we are not suggesting that active learning with a modest number of labels approximates the linking performance we might expect from a supervised linking process in all linking cases. However, in this specific case, we are able to approximate the performance of a supervised learning algorithm with a small number of ground truth labels. While the case we set up is specific, it is also a very common linking task in empirical social science. Discussion In this paper, we investigate the value of ground-truth examples for linking performance. Using a popular open-source record linkage algorithm, dedupe [30], we explore how the payoff to investing in ground truth labels varies based on the context and the difficulty of the linking task, such as the size of the training dataset and the size of the datasets involved in the linking task itself. We show that in many applications, only a relatively small number of tacticallyselected ground-truth examples are sufficient to obtain most of the achievable gains. With a modest investment in ground truth, researchers can approximate the performance of a sophisticated supervised learning algorithm that has access to a large database of ground truth examples using simple and readily available off-the-shelf tools. Furthermore, our results show that making a modest investment in labeling yields significant gains over methods that do not leverage ground truth information at all. Of course, it is important to discuss some of the limitations of our work. First, the number of labels required to maximize achievable performance is likely to grow with the size of the administrative dataset being linked. Our results speak to linking scenarios using databases that have fewer than 200,000 observations. Next, as we show in this paper, linkage performance is related to the difficulty of the matching task. We have explored one particularly common and important type of linking task in this paper, matching individuals when we have access to full name and date of birth information. To the extent other types of linkages are more or less difficult, that would have implications for the number of ground-truth labels needed to obtain maximum achievable performance. To that end, further avenues for research would include exploring other types of linkages: not having access to name and/or dob in full, or non-person linking such as linking location or organization names. Third, we explored how many labels are required to get back to overall levels of performance. However, there may still be differences in performance by subgroups such as by race or gender. Conclusion Most often, social scientists need to link data without access to ground truth or to a collaborator who can implement "state of the field" machine learning linking techniques. Although many applied research projects could benefit from implementing processes like active learning to perform record linkage tasks, there is relatively little practical guidance available. Often applied social science researchers consider record linkage to be a pre-processing step, rather than an early-stage component of their analytic plan. However, as prior work has demonstrated, record linkage errors can increase bias and diminish statistical power [11]. To that end, our paper serves as a guide for how researchers can benefit from the power of record linkage without learning data scientific methods from scratch. An added benefit is that using a publicly available linking tool like dedupe promotes transparency and replicability since the underlying code is freely available, which is particularly important for applied researchers who have little formal training in data scientific methods. Our ultimate goal is to reinforce the point that data linking is an important component of empirical analysis with implications for how social scientists understand their analytic results and to demonstrate that in many cases relatively minor investments in ground truth labeling using an open-source package can reduce the consequences of linking error and improve the validity of empirical social science research. Supporting information S1 Appendix. Technical appendix. (PDF) Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the entities who supported the development of the open-source linking algorithms we use in our analysis: University of Chicago Crime Lab, New York and Arnold Ventures (Name Match) and dedupe.io (dedupe). Author Contributions Sarah Tahamont, Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill, Shi Yan, Aaron Chalfin, Conceptualization: Benjamin Hansen. Data curation: Benjamin Hansen. Formal analysis: Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill. Investigation: Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill. Methodology: Sarah Tahamont, Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill, Aaron Chalfin. Project administration: Sarah Tahamont. Resources: Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill. Software: Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill. Supervision: Sarah Tahamont, Zubin Jelveh. Validation: Sarah Tahamont, Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill. Visualization: Melissa McNeill, Shi Yan. Writing – original draft: Sarah Tahamont, Melissa McNeill, Shi Yan, Aaron Chalfin. Writing – review & editing: Sarah Tahamont, Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill, Shi Yan, Aaron Chalfin. References 1. Donner P. Algorithmic identification of Ph.D. thesis-related publications: A proof-of-concept study. Scientometrics. 2022; 127(10):5863–5877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-022-04480-w 2. Einav L, Levin J. Economics in the age of big data. Science. 2014; 346(6210):1243089. https://doi.org/ 10.1126/science.1243089 PMID: 25378629 3. Smith GJD, Bennett Moses L, Chan J. The challenges of doing criminology in the big data era: Towards a digital and data-driven approach. The British Journal of Criminology. 2017; 57(2):259–274. https://doi. org/10.1093/bjc/azw096 4. Hamp AD, Karn HE, Kwon FY, Rhodes A, Carrier J, Bhattacharjee R, et al. Enhancing the ATra Black Box matching algorithm: Use of all names for deduplication across jurisdictions. Public Health Reports. 2023; 138(1):54–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549211066171 PMID: 35060801 5. Lane J. Building an infrastructure to support the use of government administrative data for program performance and social science research. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2018; 675(1):240–252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716217746652 6. Lynch J. Not even our own facts: Criminology in the era of big data. Criminology. 2018; 56(3):437–454. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12182 7. O'Brien DT, Sampson RJ. Public and private spheres of neighborhood disorder: Assessing pathways to violence using large-scale digital records. Journal of research in Crime and Delinquency. 2015; 52 (4):486–510. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427815577835 8. Finlay K, Mueller-Smith M. Justice-involved individuals in the labor market since the Great Recession. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2021; 695(1):107–122. https:// doi.org/10.1177/00027162211024532 9. Finlay K, Mueller-Smith M, Street B. Myself as the Employer of Last Resort: Criminal Justice Involvement, Self-employment, and Barriers in Recent Public Policy. Working paper. 2021;. 10. Gross M, Mueller-Smith M. Modernizing Person-Level Entity Resolution with Biometrically Linked Records. Working paper; 2020. 11. Tahamont S, Jelveh Z, Chalfin A, Yan S, Hansen B. Dude, Where's My Treatment Effect? Errors in Administrative Data Linking and the Destruction of Statistical Power in Randomized Experiments. Journal of Quantitative Criminology. 2021; 37(3):715–749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-020-09461-x 12. Ferrante A. Developing an offender-based tracking system: The Western Australia INOIS project. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology. 1993; 26(3):232–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 000486589302600305 13. Geerken MR. Rap sheets in criminological research: Considerations and caveats. Journal of Quantitative Criminology. 1994; 10(1):3–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02221006 14. Orchowsky S, Iwama J. Improving state criminal history records: Recidivism of sex offenders released in 2001. Justice Research and Statistics Association; 2009. 15. Liu X, Zhang F, Hou Z, Mian L, Wang Z, Zhang J, et al. Self-supervised learning: Generative or contrastive. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. 2021; 35(1):857–876. 16. Su X, Zhao Y, Bethard S. A Comparison of Strategies for Source-Free Domain Adaptation. In: Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Dublin, Ireland: Association for Computational Linguistics; 2022. p. 8352–8367. Available from: https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.572. 17. Easterbrook PJ, Gopalan R, Berlin J, Matthews DR. Publication bias in clinical research. The Lancet. 1991; 337(8746):867–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)90201-Y PMID: 1672966 18. Andrews I, Kasy M. Identification of and correction for publication bias. The American Economic Review. 2019; 109(8):2766–94. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20180310 19. Brodeur A, Cook N, Heyes A. Methods matter: P-hacking and publication bias in causal analysis in economics. The American Economic Review. 2020; 110(11):3634–60. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer. 20190687 20. Fellegi IP, Sunter AB. A theory for record linkage. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1969; 64(328):1183–1210. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1969.10501049 21. Abramitzky R, Boustan L, Eriksson K, Feigenbaum J, Pe´rez S. Automated Linking of Historical Data. Journal of Economic Literature. 2021; 59(3):865–918. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201599 22. Ren J, Xia F, Chen X, Liu J, Hou M, Shehzad A, et al. Matching Algorithms: Fundamentals, Applications and Challenges. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence. 2021; 5(3):332– 350. https://doi.org/10.1109/TETCI.2021.3067655 23. Jaton F. The Constitution of Algorithms: Ground-Truthing, Programming, Formulating. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; 2020. 24. Fa¨rber M, Ao L. The Microsoft Academic Knowledge Graph enhanced: Author name disambiguation, publication classification, and embeddings. Quantitative Science Studies. 2022; 3(1):51–98. https://doi. org/10.1162/qss_a_00183 25. Helgertz J, Price J, Wellington J, Thompson KJ, Ruggles S, Fitch CA. A New Strategy for Linking U.S. Historical Censuses: A Case Study for the IPUMS Multigenerational Longitudinal Panel. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History. 2022; 55(1):12–29. https://doi.org/10. 1080/01615440.2021.1985027 PMID: 35846520 26. Ma B, Li C, Jiang L. A novel ground truth inference algorithm based on instance similarity for crowdsourcing learning. Applied Intelligence. 2022; 52(15):17784–17796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489022-03433-3 27. Settles B. Active learning. Synthesis lectures on artificial intelligence and machine learning. 2012; 6 (1):1–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01560-1 28. Bilenko M. Learnable similarity functions and their applications to clustering and record linkage. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AAAI/SIGART Doctoral Consortium; 2004. p. 981–982. 29. Enamorado T. Active Learning for Probabilistic Record Linkage. Available at SSRN 3257638. 2018;. 30. Gregg F, Eder D. Dedupe; 2019. https://github.com/dedupeio/dedupe. 31. Gelber A, Isen A, Kessler JB. The effects of youth employment: Evidence from New York city lotteries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2016; 131(1):423–460. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv034 32. Khwaja AI, Mian A. Do lenders favor politically connected firms? Rent provision in an emerging financial market. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2005; 120(4):1371–1411. https://doi.org/10.1162/ 003355305775097524 33. Shankar M. How Low-cost Randomized Controlled Trials Can Drive Effective Social Spending; 2014. Available from: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2014/07/30/how-low-cost-randomizedcontrolled-trials-can-drive-effective-social-spending. 34. Dedupe. Frequently asked questions (FAQ);. Available from: https://dedupe.io/documentation/faq.html.	<urn:uuid:7b3d7b66-675f-486b-84dc-102d0ab01b1c>	CC-MAIN-2023-23	https://iamshiyandotcom.files.wordpress.com/2023/04/journal.pone_.0283811.pdf	2023-06-11T00:34:21+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-23/subset=warc/part-00059-ffa3bf93-6ba1-4a27-adea-b0baae3b4389.c000.gz.parquet	347,133,751	11,148	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.939807	eng_Latn	0.996037	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 4162, 8893, 12669, 16503, 20499, 22226, 26148, 30089, 30191, 32494, 36648, 38539, 38786, 42999, 45923, 50000, 53196 ]
Minnesota State University Moorhead TESL 670: Designing ESL Courses A. COURSE DESCRIPTION Credits: 3 Lecture Hours/Week: 3 Lab Hours/Week: . OJT Hours/Week: . Prerequisites: None Corequisites: None MnTC Goals: None Planning and teaching language classes. Topics include making daily lesson plans, developing course curricula, and structuring programs. Also included are strategies and techniques for teaching the four skills and grammar as well as strategies for managing classroom and administrative tasks. B. COURSE EFFECTIVE DATES: 08/27/2007 - Present C. OUTLINE OF MAJOR CONTENT AREAS 1. Defining the context of a language class 3. Integrating the skills 2. Developing a course syllabus 4. Teaching content-based lessons 6. Teaching multilevel classes 5. Teaching listening 7. Teaching reading 9. Teaching vocabulary 8. Teaching speaking 10. Teaching writing 11. Using technology in the language classroom D. LEARNING OUTCOMES (General) 1. Develop an understanding of programmatic organization options to make recommendations to districts 3. Develop abilities to adopt and adapt texts and other materials to learners 2. Develop techniques for teaching grammar, vocabulary, listening, speaking, reading, and writing, skills integration, and content 4. Develop strategies for managing a multilingual, multicultural classroom E. Minnesota Transfer Curriculum Goal Area(s) and Competencies None F. LEARNER OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT As noted on course syllabus G. SPECIAL INFORMATION None noted Version 3.1.4 Page 1 of 1 05/27/2015 08:52 PM	<urn:uuid:3e5ffe63-fa66-4753-9460-157edb684c51>	CC-MAIN-2015-22	https://webproc.mnscu.edu/registration/rest/rcId/0072/curricId/00010325	2015-05-28T01:52:22Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929205.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00241-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz	906,028,078	369	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.968566	eng_Latn	0.968566	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1563 ]
Midwest Farmers Cooperative Grain Marketing and Outlook Meetings Tuesday February 5 th Elk Creek Fire hall Noon Tuesday February 12 th Cass County Fairgrounds, Weeping Water Noon Wednesday February 13 th Kimmel Event Center, Syracuse 8 AM Noon Parkers Smokehouse, Ashland Special Guests Kevin Riesberg from RJ O'Brien in Des Moines, IA (12 th and 13 th ) Philip Thiese from FC Stone in Omaha (5 th ) Topics: 2019 Contracting Alternatives, Local operations discussion and updates, Outlook for your Cooperative	<urn:uuid:db3a330a-5542-4a39-a917-899f517466ca>	CC-MAIN-2019-09	http://s3.amazonaws.com/media.agricharts.com/sites/2054/Grain/2019%20Grain%20Outlook%20Meeting%20Flyer.pdf	2019-02-17T02:31:19Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247481428.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20190217010854-20190217032854-00420.warc.gz	236,429,309	128	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.936898	eng_Latn	0.936898	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 522 ]
\| \| Description \| \| \|---\|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\|---\| \| 1 \| Name of the Student \| \| \| 2 \| Class/Sec \| \| \| 3 \| Father’s Name \| \| \| 4 \| Mother’s Name \| \| \| 5 \| Father’s Mobile No. \| \| \| 6 \| Mother’s Mobile No. \| \| \| 7 \| Residence Telephone No. \| \| \| 8 \| Email-id \| \| \| 9 \| Residential Address \| \| \|10 \| Name of the Contact person in case of emergency \| \| \| \| Contact No: \| \| \|11 \| Bus Route number and bus stop. (as per school bus route chart) \| \| \|12 \| Name of the sibling using the school bus & Name of the Bus Route \| \| \| \| Class/Sec: \| \| Bus User with pick-up □ Bus User without pickup □ General Instructions for availing School Bus service - Bus fee will be according to the rates in force and will be amended from time to time by the school. - School bus transport facility will be provided only if vacancy exists. - Transport fee is payable for all the 12 months divided into four quarters. In the case of mid-term allotment, bus fee is payable from the allotment month. - Discontinuation of bus facility will not be allowed, except in the case of change of residence or withdrawal from school wherein one calendar months’ notice (in writing) is required. - The bus will only stop at the designated stops allocated by the school. - The parents should be present to receive their wards well before the scheduled time & produce an Identity card as proof of parent/guardian. (In case of Bus service with pick-up) - Parents are requested to arrange pick up facility from the bus stop for their wards (Classes Prep I-II and Std I to V) UNDERTAKING FOR STUDENTS AVAILING BUS SERVICE WITH PICK-UP BY PARENTS ❖ I understand that the school transport facility is not compulsory for any student of the school. I voluntarily opt for the school transport facility for my ward ____________________________ ❖ I undertake that the school transport is merely a facility provided by the school and for any mishappening/ mechanical failure/ mechanical breakdown/ traffic jam/ late or early arrival of the bus; the school will not be held responsible. ❖ I undertake that I have checked the school transport route, which suits me, and I shall drop and pick up my child from the existing scheduled stop. ❖ I understand that my child will be dropped/picked up on time at the bus stop by me or by my designated member personally by producing the school I-card. ❖ I ________________________________________________________ Parent of ______________________________________________________ admitted in class/sec _________________ take responsibility for pick-up and drop of my ward at designated bus stop on time. Name of the Parent: ___________________________ Signature with date: ___________________________ UNDERTAKING FOR STUDENTS AVAILING BUS SERVICE WITHOUT PICK-UP ❖ I understand that the school transport facility is not compulsory for any student of the school. I voluntarily opt for the school transport facility for my ward ____________________________ ❖ I undertake that the school transport is merely a facility provided by the school and for any mishappening / mechanical failure/ mechanical breakdown/ traffic jam/ late or early arrival of the bus; the school will not be held responsible. ❖ I ________________________________________________________ Parent of ______________________________________________________ admitted in class/sec _________________ take responsibility and would like to inform the school to allow my ward to reach home from Bus Stop on his own. Name of the Parent: ___________________________ Signature with date: ___________________________ (NOTE: FILL THE UNDERTAKING WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO YOU)	74ba983e-3aee-44ac-a17d-373328696f86	CC-MAIN-2020-45	https://bbpsnavimum.balbharati.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Bus_Application_Form.pdf	2020-10-21T18:46:53+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2020-45/subset=warc/part-00251-6409130e-6e9b-44d1-90ec-9f9d0ade2504.c000.gz.parquet	212,763,935	807	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.998867	eng_Latn	0.999301	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	true	docling	[ 2400, 4494 ]
Instruction Manual and Parts List KW Products Inc. Copyright © 2003, All Rights Reserved 521 WARRANTY Brake Lathes • Tire Changers • Wheel Balancers KW Products Inc. (KWIK-WAY) provides a limited 521 Warranty on products when purchased in a new and unused condition to be free from defective material or workmanship from date of purchase as per the following: This warranty does not apply to a product that has been purchased in used condition, that has failed due to improper installation, repairs, service or that has sustained damage caused by accident, improper use or shipment. Kwik-Way will repair and/or replace, free of charge (FOB factory) all such defective parts, only when returned to factory with shipping charges prepaid. This warranty does not cover parts and supplies consumed in normal operation of the machine. Kwik-Way disclaims all other warranties, expressed or implied, as to the quality of any goods, including implied warranties of MERCHANTABILITY and FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WHATSOEVER, SHALL KWIKWAY BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON LOST GOODWILL, LOST RESALE PROFITS, WORK STOPPAGE, IMPAIRMENT OF OTHER GOODS OR ARISING OUT OF BREACH OF ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, BREACH OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE, EXCEPT ONLY IN THE CASE OF PERSONAL INJURY WHERE APPLICABLE LAW REQUIRES SUCH LIABILITY. This limited warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. This document contains the complete text of this warranty and may not be modified either orally or in writing. Because of KWIK-WAY's constant program of product improvement, specifications are subject to change without notice. Office Hours: 7:30 to 5:00 Central Time KW Products Inc. 500 57th Street Marion, Iowa 52302 Toll Free 1-800-553-5953 Fax 319-377-9101 www.kwik-way.com [email protected] Receiving Shipment Upon taking delivery of your machine, carefully inspect the assembly before removing the crating and packing materials. If evidence of damage exists, contact the shipper and KW Products Inc. immediately. Although KW Products Inc. is not responsible for damage incurred during transit, you will be provided assistance in preparation and filing of any necessary claims. CAREFULLY READ THIS MANUAL BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO SET-UP OR OPERATE THIS MACHINE. Important Note: Always have your serial number ready when communicating with KW Products Inc. regarding parts or service. Keep this manual in a safe place. Date Received ________________________________________ Serial Number ____________________________________ 800-553-5953 www.kwik-way.com KW Products Inc. 500 57th Street Marion, Iowa 52302 319-377-9421 Fax 319-377-9101 SAFETY FIRST This manual has been prepared for the owner and those responsible for the maintenance of this machine. It's purpose aside from proper maintenance and operations, is to promote safety through the use of accepted practice. READ THE SAFETY AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS THOROUGHLY BEFORE OPERATING THE MACHINE. In order to obtain maximum life and efficiency from your machine, follow all the instructions in the operating manuals carefully. The specifications put forth in this manual were in effect at the time of publication. However, owing to KW Products' policy of continuous improvement, changes to these specifications may be made at any time without obligation. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS 1. Read, understand and follow the safety and operating instructions found in this manual. Know the limitations and hazards associated with operating the machine. 2. Eye Safety: Wear an approved safety face shield, goggles or safety glasses to protect eyes when operating the machine. 3. Grounding the Machine: Machines equipped with three prong grounding plugs are so equipped for your protection against shock hazards and should be plugged directly into a properly grounded three-prong receptacle in accordance with national electrical codes and local codes and ordinances. A grounding adapter may be used. If one is used, the green lead should be securely connected to a suitable electrical ground such as a ground wire system. Do not cut off the grounding prong or use an adapter with the grounding prong removed. 4. Work Area: Keep the floor around the machine clean and free of tools, tooling, stock scrap and other foreign material and oil, grease or coolant to minimize the danger of tripping or slipping. Kwik-Way recommends the use of anti-skid floor strips on the floor area where the operator normally stands and that each machine's work area be marked off. Make certain the work area is well lighted and ventilated. Provide for adequate workspace around the machine. 5. Guards: Keep all machine guards in place at all times when machine is in use. 6. Do Not Overreach: Maintain a balanced stance and keep your body under control at all times. 7. Hand Safety: NEVER wear gloves while operating this machine. 8. Machine Capacity: Do not attempt to use the machine beyond its stated capacity or operations. This type of use will reduce the productive life of the machine and could cause the breakage of parts, which could result in personal injury. 9. Avoid Accidental Starting: Make certain the main switch is in the OFF position before connecting power to the machine. 10. Careless Acts: Give the work you are doing your undivided attention. Looking around, carrying on a conversation and horseplay are careless acts that can result in serious injury. 11. Job Completion: If the operation is complete, the machine should be emptied and the work area cleaned. 12. Disconnect All Power and Air to Machine before performing any service or maintenance. 13. Replacement Parts: Use only Kwik-Way replacement parts and accessories; otherwise, warranty will be null and void. 14. Misuse: Do not use the machine for other than its intended use. If used for other purposes, KW Products Inc. disclaims any real or implied warranty and holds itself harmless for any injury or loss that may result from such use. SPECIFICATIONS Electrical Requirement: 115V-60hz-1 PH or 230V-60hz-1 PH CAUTIONS: Read owners manual thoroughly before attempting to use this equipment. ASSEMBLY, SET-UP AND OPERATION After removing your Power Drive from the carton, check for hidden damage. If any damage is found, contact the shipper immediately. Drive Stand Assembly Study the assembly drawings carefully and familiarize yourself with the component parts and hardware. Attach the three casters using two 5/16-18 x 3/4 bolts, two lock washers, two 5/16-18 nuts, and four flat washers on each. Thread the handle into the collar on the column. With the collar end up, place the column over the peg on the base. Align the holes in the column with the holes in the peg. Install the 5/16-18 x 3 bolts. Secure with lockwashers and nuts provided. With the clamp handle loose, insert the shaft of the motor/drive assembly into the column. Clips are provided in the accessory package that may be used to retain the Kwik-Way tool box to the top of the Power Drive base. Install the clips with 10-32 self-tapping machine screws provided. Install the drive shaft onto the shaft of the drive motor aligning the key-way on the motor shaft with the dog point set screw, then tighten the dog point set screw. Tighten the cup point set screw. Set-up of Hub Driver Install the hub driver over one of the rotor studs, with drive stud up. Attach a lug nut to hold the hub driver onto the rotor. See figure 2. Rotate the rotor by hand 180 . Position the hub driver upside down, allowing the radius of the hub driver to locate correctly with respect to the bearing housing hub. Tighten lug nut to hold hub driver securely to the rotor. Loosen set screw holding drive stud and offset until stud runs on spindle centerline. Retighten set screw. Move the Power Drive into the approximate operating location. Raise or lower the drive assembly until the shaft of the drive motor and the shaft of the drive hub are at the same level. Tighten the locking handle. Insert the shaft of the drive hub into the remaining end of the drive shaft and tighten both set screws in the drive shaft. Operating Instructions Set up the Kwik-Lathe Lathe as per directions in the manual. Set up the Power Drive as per directions in this manual. If Power Feed unit is being used, plug it into the receptacle on the switch side of the drive motor assembly. There are two toggle switches on the drive motor assembly: 1. The upper switch applies power to the motor and to the receptacle. 2. The lower switch controls the direction of rotation as viewed from the shaft end of the motor. a. Switch in up position, motor shaft turns counterclockwise. b. Switch in the down position, motor shaft turns clockwise. CAUTION: Rotor must always turn into cutting edge of the tool bits. Once direction of rotation is determined, turn the Power Drive on, adjust the tool bits to cut the desired amount and engage the power feed. After tool bits clear outside edge of rotor, turn off the Power Feed and Power Drive by turning off (down) the upper switch. CAUTION: Misalignment between shaft and hub must be kept to 3" or less. Special Height Application For applications where low rise vehicle lifts are used, the Kwik-Lathe Power Drive system needs to be modified. This modification changes the working height range to 21"-35". These dimensions include a maximum misalignment of 3", from center of drive hub to shaft. This modification requires the optional upright weldment be installed, and the motor mount weldment be cut to lengths shown below. CAUTION: Misalignment between shaft and hub must be kept to 3" or less. UPRIGHT WELDMENT DEBURR ENDS OF TUBES AFTER CUTTING MOTOR MOUNT WELDMENT Driver and Shaft Assembly POWER DRIVE ASSEMBLY PARTS LISTS POWER DRIVE ASSEMBLY PARTS LISTS POWER DRIVE ASSEMBLY - TOP VIEW WIRING DIAGRAM - 115V WIRING DIAGRAM - 230V KW Products Inc. 500 57th Street, Marion, IA 52302 USA 319-377-9421 319-377-9101 (FAX) 800-553-5953 www.kwik-way.com [email protected]	<urn:uuid:14a7fe15-f372-4d4e-ae98-afe50f16d01a>	CC-MAIN-2017-34	http://aescosc.com/pdfs/pda_manual-kw_web.pdf	2017-08-21T21:36:23Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886109670.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170821211752-20170821231752-00590.warc.gz	13,886,228	2,237	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.824189	eng_Latn	0.995099	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "pol_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 89, 1943, 2805, 3673, 6130, 6288, 7947, 8542, 9304, 9881, 9908, 9930, 9943, 9965, 9978, 10011, 10034, 10057, 10200 ]
MINUTES OF THE STATE PERSONNEL BOARD May 27, 2004 Charleston, West Virginia The State Personnel Board met on May 27, 2004 at 2:00 p.m. to conduct business and to consider other administrative matters. Present at the meeting were Board members Eugene Stump, Chairman, Elizabeth Harter, Sharon Lynch and Reverend Paul J. Gilmer. Others in attendance were: Willard M. Farley, Acting Director of the Division of Personnel; Assistant Directors Tari McClintock Crouse, Tim Basford and Jim Wells; and, Shelly Lowery, Secretary to the Board. APPROVAL OF MINUTES The minutes of the April 15, 2004 meeting had been sent to the members of the Board prior to the meeting. Chairman Stump asked for any additions or corrections. There being none, Ms. Lynch moved the minutes be accepted, Ms. Harter seconded the motion. The April 15, 2004 minutes were approved by unanimous consent. CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS WEST VIRGINIA DEVELOPMENT OFFICE Upon motion of Ms. Harter, seconded by Reverend Gilmer, the State Personnel Board approved proposal #2262, consenting to the addition to the classified service the position of Director in the Office of Coalfield Community Development of the West Virginia Development Office. The date for the addition is to be fixed by agreement as provided in the Administrative Rule, Executive Order No. 7-04 having been issued by Governor Wise on April 19, 2004. Tim Basford, Assistant Director of Classification and Compensation, presented the proposal. DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY AFFAIRS & PUBLIC SAFETY Division of Corrections Upon motion of Ms. Lynch, seconded by Ms. Harter, the State Personnel Board approved proposal #2263, changing the probationary period from six months to twelve months for newly hired Correctional Officers in the Division of Corrections. This action is effective for all Correctional Officers hired to start work for the Division of Corrections on or after July 1, 2004. Tim Basford, Assistant Director of Classification and Compensation, presented the proposal. MONONGALIA COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT Upon motion of Ms. Harter, seconded by Reverend Gilmer, the State Personnel Board approved proposal #2264 as recommended by staff, designating the Right From the Start Program of the Monongalia County Health Department, as the organizational unit for a reduction in force due to lack of funds. Additional information was received from the agency and, as a result, the reduction is to be effective no sooner than the close of business July 31, 2004. Tari McClintock Crouse, Assistant Director of Employee Communications and Information, presented the proposal. WEST VIRGINIA HEALTH CARE AUTHORITY file:///S\|/Staff/SHARED/WEBSITE/EMPCOM/Minutes/04/0405.htm[8/31/2015 2:17:29 PM] Upon motion of Reverend Gilmer, seconded by Ms. Harter, the State Personnel Board approved proposal #2265, which revised the exempt, policy-making classification of Director, HIPAA Assessment and Implementation (Project Manager) by: removing the policy-making responsibilities of the position and thus removing the exemption from the classified service; revising the nature of the work of the classification; changing the title of the classification to Assistant HIPAA Chief Privacy Officer; and, allocating the classification to pay grade 20 ($38,244 $70,752). These revisions are effective July 1, 2004. Tim Basford, Assistant Director of Classification and Compensation, presented the proposal. OTHER BUSINESS ANNUAL INCREMENT POLICY (DOP-P5) Upon motion of Ms. Harter, seconded by Reverend Gilmer, the State Personnel Board approved a revision the Annual Increment Policy (DOP-P5). The revisions clarify certain definitions, provide additional examples of calculating payments, and specify that military service while employed is countable tenure. Jim Wells, Assistant Director for Employee Relations presented the policy. to STRATEGIC COMPENSATION POLICY Upon motion of Ms. Lynch, seconded by Ms. Harter, the State Personnel Board approved the Strategic Compensation Policy as a pilot program for a 12 month period beginning July 1, 2004. Ms. Lynch requested that the Director provide a status report to the Board at its regular meeting on December 16, 2004. Tim Basford, Assistant Director of Classification and Compensation, presented the proposal. ADMINISTRATIVE RULE - AMENDMENTS Upon motion of Ms. Harter, seconded by Ms. Lynch, the State Personnel Board approved the request for filing a notice of public hearing and public comment on proposed amendments to the Administrative Rule of the Division of Personnel with the Legislative Rule-Making Review Committee and the Secretary of State's Office in accordance with the provisions of W.V. Code §29A-3-1 et seq. The public hearing is scheduled for July 15, 2004, the Board's regularly scheduled meeting. PRE-EMPLOYMENT REFERENCE AND INQUIRY RULE Upon motion of Ms. Lynch, seconded by Ms. Harter, the State Personnel Board approved the request for filing a notice of public hearing and public comment on the proposed Pre-Employment Reference and Inquiries Rule with the Legislative Rule-Making Review Committee and the Secretary of State's Office in accordance with the provisions of W.V. Code §29A-3-1 et seq. The public hearing is scheduled for July 15, 2004, the Board's regularly scheduled meeting. With no further business, Chairman Stump entertained the motion to adjourn the meeting. Ms. Lynch moved, Ms. Harter seconded the motion. Motion carried. NEXT BOARD MEETING The next state Personnel Board meeting is scheduled for June 17, 2004, at 2:00 p.m. in Building 6, Room B425, State Capitol Complex, Charleston, West Virginia. file:///S\|/Staff/SHARED/WEBSITE/EMPCOM/Minutes/04/0405.htm[8/31/2015 2:17:29 PM] Eugene Stump, Chairman State Personnel Board Shelly Lowery, Secretary State Personnel Board file:///S\|/Staff/SHARED/WEBSITE/EMPCOM/Minutes/04/0405.htm[8/31/2015 2:17:29 PM]	<urn:uuid:834f27f1-7119-4b71-b95d-a4f2274d5731>	CC-MAIN-2024-10	https://personnel.wv.gov/SiteCollectionDocuments/Board/2004/05-2004.pdf	2024-03-02T17:02:36+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-10/subset=warc/part-00000-d9675c6d-5c8d-45bb-9c98-c56e42022a4d.c000.gz.parquet	445,482,396	1,339	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.816364	eng_Latn	0.983249	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2728, 5718, 5893 ]
FINISHERS CERTIFICATE Congratulations to Diana Fox For your participation in the Olympic Distance \| Event \| Timing \| \|--------\|------------\| \| SWIM \| 00:49:06 \| \| BIKE \| 01:50:44 \| \| RUN \| 01:16:12 \| \| Timing \| \| \|--------\|----------\| \| 1.5KM \| \| \| 40KM \| \| \| 10KM \| \| TOTAL TIME: 03:59:53 OVERALL RANK: 452/461 CATEGORY: 55-59 CATEGORY RANK: 1/1 www.bintantriathlon.com	<urn:uuid:7b3b2d82-f37c-4836-9c90-da485431a8b9>	CC-MAIN-2019-43	http://bluechipresults.com.au/cert.aspx?uid=11-710-1-690943	2019-10-16T02:37:03Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986661296.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20191016014439-20191016041939-00100.warc.gz	28,974,086	152	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.582646	eng_Latn	0.582646	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 436 ]
ABSTRACT for the 2013 ISA WWAC Symposium Developing In-House Sewage Pumping Station Design Standards: Streamlining Integration of Pump Stations in Niagara Region Mark Presti 1 * and Ed Van Vliet 2 1 Provectus Systems, Inc., 206 Main Street West #2A, Hamilton, Ontario, L8P1J3, Canada (*correspondence: [email protected], Tel: 1-905-537-7956) 2 Water and Wastewater Technical Services, Regional Municipality of Niagara - Public Works, 980 Major Street, Welland, Ontario, L3B 6J2, Canada FORMAT 6-12 page paper plus 30 minute presentation KEYWORDS SCADA, Standards, Architecture, Wastewater ABSTRACT From the early onset of engineering practices there had been the focus to create processes which reduce learning curves, inconsistency and human error. The goal has been and still is the ability to complete tasks in a more consistent, efficient and standardized routine. The Wastewater Collection Process is comprised of several remote Sewage Pumping Stations (SPS) that functionally perform the same task, the collection and pumping of wastewater to a centralized plant for treatment. With the challenges of workforce attrition and financial restraints the undertaking of upgrading aging infrastructure in a standardized fashion can be laborious, resource intensive and result in inconsistent variances from the original intended method unless rigid, detailed standards are put in place. Aside from the physical installation, the methods of control philosophy can also be vulnerable to variation depending on several influential factors such as having no adopted philosophy in place and the development being left to various retained subject matter experts. Based on the need for a standard that contained physical control architecture and a documented process philosophy but still had the opportunity for minor customization, new innovative technologies and uniqueness the 85% SPS Design Standard was developed. This standard was developed through the combined efforts of the Operations, Process, Electrical, SCADA, Maintenance and Engineering groups to ensure that all interests were accounted for. This collaboration of efforts enabled internal ownership, a benchmark of accountability as well as reduced drawing and process control narrative review time, accelerated SCADA design sign off and increased the overall PLC, SCADA, Data Collection and Reporting commissioning phases of Sewage Pump Station control system upgrades. ---- About the Authors: Mark Presti, M. Eng. D., P. Eng. is the President of Provectus Systems, Inc. He has over 15 years of experience in automation ranging from food processing, printing and water & wastewater treatment. Prior to establishing Provectus Systems he was a Sr. Automation consultant with Gray Matter Systems, Inc. and further proceeded by a seven year career with the Niagara Region Water and Wastewater Division. At Niagara he spent seven years as the SCADA Engineer (2 yrs.) then Manager of Technical Trades (5 yrs.). In that time frame he accomplished several milestones some of which included building at team of professionals that allowed the Region to implement state of the art technologies in all of their 12 treatment facilities along with wide area solutions for management and information distribution. He has extensive experience with both SCADA and Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS). Mr. Presti has a diploma in Electronics Engineering Technology from Mohawk College, as well as a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering and Master of Engineering Design from McMaster University. Mr. Presti is also a licensed professional engineer in the province of Ontario, Canada. Contact: [email protected] Ed Van Vliet, C.E.T. is a SCADA Technician with the Water and Wastewater Technical Services section of the Regional Municipality of Niagara Public Work Department (Welland, Ontario, Canada). He has over 15 years of experience in automation in semiconductor testing, steel industry and water & wastewater treatment. Prior to working at the Regional Municipality of Niagara, he worked for Procon Niagara as a SCADA Project Manager where he was contracted to work on many municipal water & wastewater projects throughout Southern Ontario. Contact: [email protected]	<urn:uuid:20eca119-eeb2-474d-ba89-ccb38941985c>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	http://wwac2013.isawaterwastewater.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/WWAC2013_Presti-VanVliet_SPS-Design-Standards_abstract.pdf	2023-10-02T15:40:00+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-40/subset=warc/part-00203-7aa0a1e5-33a6-434b-89a2-950f294b40c1.c000.gz.parquet	48,543,048	864	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.983005	eng_Latn	0.983386	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 3038, 4290 ]
PROCEDURE PPMF \| TAFESA \| 31 Title Student Complaint Resolution Procedures for Non-academic Matters Contact Officer Table of Contents TAFE SA Procedures are issued under the TAFE SA Policy and Procedure Management Framework. They are binding on all TAFE SA employees. 1 Purpose This procedure sets out the steps to manage Student Complaints and is built on the principles underpinning the Student Complaint Resolution Policy for Non-academic Matters. In order to maintain and further improve its high quality performance, TAFE SA welcomes students' suggestions and feedback regarding its processes. The Student Complaint Resolution Policy and Procedures for Non-academic Matters provides students with the opportunity to easily access a fair, inexpensive, confidential and equitable complaint and appeal process. 2 Outcome Consistency of practice in managing student complaints. TAFE SA is committed to implementing effective and transparent student complaint resolution procedures that, where possible, are managed quickly, at the local level and with a minimum number of people involved. The resolution process will be available to students, staff and others in the community. It focuses on a rapid re-establishment of good working relationships and positive outcomes. The procedures aim to avoid blame and undue investigation. 3 Scope This procedure applies to all students (including prospective, current and existing students) applying for or undertaking study or training in courses delivered by TAFE SA regardless of the location of the campus at which the grievance arose, the student's place of residence or mode of study. This includes domestic and international students and apprentices and trainees under a contract of training. Students may also seek advice from the Training Advocate about their rights and responsibilities 4 Definitions \| Confidentiality \| The process of ensuring that the privacy of the parties involved in a complaint is protected as much as legally possible, to minimise the grounds for possible defamation action and to facilitate a positive complaint resolution process. \| \|---\|---\| \| Mediation \| A process by which parties in a dispute are brought together with the assistance of a mediator to try to reach a mutually satisfactory solution to a dispute. \| \| Natural Justice \| The duty to act fairly and includes two rules: The fair hearing rule – meaning that all parties must be given the opportunity to present their case and be fully informed about allegations and decisions made and No bias rule – meaning that a decision maker must have no personal interest in the matter. \| \|---\|---\| \| Non-academic matters \| Non-academic matters include those matters which do not relate to student progress, assessment course content or awards in a course and include complaints in relation to personal information that TAFE SA holds in relation to a student. \| \| Victimisation \| The act or acts of treating someone unfairly either because they have made a complaint or because they were the subject of a complaint. It does not include appropriate sanctions imposed following proper and fair processes \| 5 Associated Documents 6 Procedure Details Students may elect, according to the nature and seriousness of their complaint, to seek resolution using one or more of the following options: Option 1 – Informal Complaint Resolution Process Option 2 – Formal Complaint Resolution Process Option 3 – Using external agency process (e.g. Equal Opportunity Commission) Procedures for Options 1 and 2 are guided by the following principles: - The privacy of all parties involved in the TAFE SA complaint resolution process will be protected, subject to any legal requirement to disclose information. - At each stage of the process, complainants and/or respondents are entitled to appropriate explanations in writing, if requested, of any decisions or actions taken as part of these procedures as they relate to them. - The focus for resolution will be on issues rather than individuals. - Students and staff are to be protected from victimisation and discrimination. - Natural justice principles will be adhered to in order to ensure procedural fairness. - Strategies that allow students to express a concern rather than a complaint are to be encouraged (e.g. discussions, student forums, evaluation forms). - Resolution of a complaint is to be achieved as quickly as possible, preferably at the local level and involving necessary parties. . - Processes are to be commenced within two weeks of a formal complaint being made. In most cases, resolution should be finalised within a further two weeks. - The complainant has the right to withdraw the complaint at any stage and to choose or alter the process of resolution (i.e. formal or informal). However, some complaints, because of their nature, may require action regardless of any mediated outcome that may be sought. Students and staff have the right to be accompanied or represented by a third person such as a family member, friend, counsellor or professional support person. TAFE SA will not charge students any fees in relation to their accessing the grievance processes outlined in this policy. 6.1 OPTION 1 – Informal Complaint Resolution Process 6.1.1. Informal complaint resolution often proves to be quick and effective by encouraging students to resolve the complaint themselves. Informal resolution may not be appropriate for more serious matters, or where the student wants to proceed directly to a formal or external process. 6.1.2 If the student is willing and able, they can self-manage the matter by: - discussing the complaint directly with the person/s involved, and/or - writing to the person/s involved to inform them of the complaint and desired resolution. 6.1.3 To assist the self-management process, students can seek advice from a TAFE SA Student Services Staff member. 6.1.4 A student either resolves the matter themselves or can leave it unresolved in the informal process. If the student is still aggrieved following engagement of the informal process, they can also decide to use the formal complaint resolution process in which case they will lodge a formal written complaint as described below. 6.2 OPTION 2 – Formal Complaint Resolution Process 6.2.1 From the outset, students may choose a formal complaint resolution process by forwarding a signed, written complaint to the relevant Executive Director. If the complaint relates to the relevant Executive Director, the student should address the complaint to the Chief Executive, TAFE SA. The same process will be followed but the Chief Executive will take the place of the Executive Director in the process. The written complaint must be made within three months of the incident (or unsuccessful resolution using the informal complaint resolution procedures). This is when the official TAFE SA process commences. Throughout the formal complaint resolution process, a student may be accompanied by a support person. This can occur at any stage of the formal complaint resolution procedure, including the appeal. 6.2.2 Formal Complaint Resolution – Step 1. Upon receipt of any complaint, the Executive Director will consider whether the matter may fall within the scope of the Whistleblowers Policy. If so, the Executive Director will ask the student whether they consider themselves a Whistleblower and, if so, the Executive Director will refer the complaint for resolution under that process. If the complaint falls outside the scope of the Whistleblowers Policy, the Executive Director will determine the appropriate TAFE SA staff to take responsibility for the investigation, and may refer the complaint accordingly to a fellow Executive Director within five working days of receiving the complaint. Where the complaint relates to the Executive Director, the complaint will be investigated by persons outside the Division. 6.2.3 The designated Executive Director, TAFE SA will appoint an Investigating Officer to manage the formal complaint resolution process. In the case of formal student complaints in which the complainant states that there has been potential misconduct by a staff member, the complaint will be referred directly to the Director of People and Culture by the Executive Director (or Chief Executive TAFE SA). A confidential file will be opened. A written acknowledgement will be made to the student within a further five working days. Investigations will commence within two weeks of the receipt of the complaint. In most cases, they will be completed within a further two weeks. 6.2.4 A student may withdraw a complaint at any stage. Alternatively the student may choose to have the complaint resolved informally. The police may have been contacted in instances where behaviour may constitute a criminal offence and the formal process may not be terminated. 6.2.5 Some complaints, because of their nature, may require other formal management and action regardless of any mediated outcome that may be sought or achieved. This is particularly so when misconduct by a staff member has occurred. 6.2.6 Students and staff can obtain advice from organisations outside TAFE SA at any time including legal advice, union advice etc. 6.2.7 Options for dealing with complaints formally include having the matter formally mediated and/or investigated. A formal mediation can be requested by invitation from the investigating officer. 6.2.8 When a complaint is formally mediated: - It may be successful in that an agreement is reached between the parties, OR - It may be unsuccessful, in which case the complaint may either be withdrawn or the student may request that the matter be referred for further investigation. This request will be considered by the officer. The student is responsible for initiating further action making a written request to the Investigating Officer within 5 days of an unsuccessful mediation. 6.2.9 When a complaint is formally investigated by an Investigating Officer, that officer will: - Establish the facts by interviewing the relevant parties. - Caution all parties to maintain confidentiality to reduce the possibility of a defamation suit. - Conduct the interviews privately and maintaining confidentiality as far as legally possible. - Where necessary, consult with the Legislation and Delegation unit and/or People and Culture. - Provide a written report making recommendations to the Executive Director who received the original complaint. - Where possible complete the investigation within 6 weeks. - Within 2 weeks of receiving the recommendations, the Executive Director will provide written feedback to the student including information as appropriate. 6.3 Appealing the decision 6.3.1 Appealing the Executive Director's Decision. Following the resolution or completion of the Step 1 of the Formal Complaint Resolution process, the student may appeal against the decision as follows: 6.3.2 A written appeal must be lodged with the Chief Executive, TAFE SA within 4 weeks of the complainant being notified of the decision resulting out of Step 1 of the Formal Complaint Resolution process. 6.3.3 The Chief Executive, TAFE SA will then delegate responsibility for organising an Appeals Committee. This Committee will be comprised of at least three members (one of whom will be a Student Services staff member), will always have an odd number of members and have, as far as possible, a gender balance. The Committee members must not have been involved in the conduct of Step 1 of the Formal Complaint Resolution process or the complaint itself. The Chair of the Committee must be from an business unit other than that of the complainant or from TAFE SA Educational Services. The Appeals committee will be convened within 2 weeks of receiving the request from the student. 6.3.4 The Committee is not a formal court or tribunal, therefore it is not bound by any formal legal rules (aside from the rule of natural justice) and lawyers will not make submissions to the Committee. The Committee will consider appeals in the following manner: A. If no new information is provided with the written appeal, then the Committee will simply review the original decision. This process will require the Committee to review the information presented to the original decision maker to consider whether the decision reached was reasonable in all the circumstances of the complaint. The Committee will, by majority, make a written recommendation to the Chief Executive, TAFE SA as to whether the original decision was reasonable, generally within five days of conducting the review. B. If new information is provided with the written appeal, the Committee may reconsider the complaint. If the Committee decides to reconsider the complaint, all parties will be invited to meet with the Committee or to provide them with further written material. The Committee will, by majority, make a written recommendation as to the outcome of the complaint to the Chief Executive, TAFE SA generally within five working days of conducting the hearing. 6.3.5 The recommendation of the Committee will then be considered by the Chief Executive, TAFE SA and a final decision made. This final decision will not be subject to any further internal TAFE SA review process. The Chief Executive, TAFE SA will ensure that written feedback of the decision is made within a further five working days. 6.3.6 If they are still dissatisfied, the student may choose to approach the South Australian Ombudsman, the Training Advocate or the Training and Skills Commission for assistance to pursue the matter further. 6.3.7 Any endorsed recommendations will be implemented as soon as possible but generally within 30 days. The grievance will then be deemed resolved and closed. 6.4 OPTION 3 – Using External Agency process 6.4.1 A student may approach an external agent such as the Equal Opportunity Commission or the Training Advocate. 6.4.2 The Office of the Training Advocate provides a free and independent mechanism for the resolution of grievance for domestic and overseas students. The Training Advocate can be contacted by phone 1800 006 488 (toll free). Policies and procedures on grievances should include the Training Advocate's full contact details as shown below: 6.4.3 Once a formal complaint has been lodged with an external agent, the TAFE SA process will be suspended. 6.4.4 TAFE SA will cooperate with such processes as required by the situation and where appropriate will commence responding to recommendations within 2 weeks of receiving recommendations from the external agency. Office of the Training Advocate Ground Floor 55 Currie Street (entrance doors at Bus Stop W1 on Currie Street) Adelaide SA 5000 Office hours: Monday to Friday 8:30 – 5:30pm Phone (toll free) 1800 006 488 Email: [email protected] Web: WWW.trainingadvocate.sa.gov.au Post: GPO Box 320 Adelaide SA 5001 7 Authentications and Responsibilities 7.1 Approval of TAFE SA Procedures The Chief Executive, TAFE SA approves TAFE SA Procedures. TAFE SA procedures will be recommended by the TAFE SA Policy Framework Steering Committee and endorsed by TAFE SA Executive prior to approval. 7.2 Review of TAFE SA Procedure This Procedure will be reviewed by the TAFE SA Policy Framework Steering Committee every two years, but may be actioned earlier by the Policy Framework Steering Committee according to feedback received and/or contextual changes. 7.3 Publication This TAFE SA procedure will be made publicly available on the TAFE SA website in an online accessible and printable format, in the section About Us \ Policies and Responsibilities. Amendments will be incorporated within two working days. 8 Appendices 8.1 Informal Complaint Resolution Process Informal Complaint Resolution Process Policy Option 1 Student has a complaint they want resolved informally Attempts to resolve the complaint with the person (s) involved Satisfactory Outcome No Satisfactory Outcome Takes no further action Student writes a formal request for the complaint to be resolved formally Obtains advice from the Student Services Officer on how to resolve the matter themselves Takes no further action 8.2 Internal TAFE SA Formal Complaint Resolution Process (Options 2 and 3) A. Investigating Officer arranges Mediation between the parties using a qualified mediator. Mediation process may take up to 4 weeks Student requests formal resolution of complaint by writing to the Managing Director, TAFE SA, stating the nature and details of complaint, their desire that it be resolved formally and the preferred solution. Student request must be made within 3 months of incident Mediation is unsuccessful Mediation is successful B . Investigating Officer establishes the facts of the complaint by interviewing all the parties STEP 1. The Managing Director, TAFE SA (May refer to another Managing Director within 5 days). Response in writing within a further 5 days from designated Managing Director, TAFE SA. STEP 2 - Student lodges appeal to CE TAFE SA within 2 weeks. Investigating officer makes a finding and recommendations to the Managing Director, TAFE SA normally within 6 weeks of initial complaint being lodged. Complainant seeks further investigation via B (within 5 days) or C or withdraws Within 2 weeks of receiving the recommendations, the Managing Director will provide written feedback to the student including information as appropriate. Matter and file is closed Internal TAFE SA Formal Complaint Resolution Process (Policy Options 2 and 3) Investigating officer discusses options for resolution with complainant by interviewing all parties (this process begins within 2 weeks) Complainant (student) requests: A. Mediation B. Investigation or C. Elects to use an External Agency Appoints an Investigating Officer Investigating Officer opens a confidential file Complainant is satisfied with outcome Appeal heard. Decision made within 5 days Committee recommendations considered by the Chief Executive, TAFE SA who makes final decision. No further internal TAFE SA review process. Chief Executive, TAFE SA will ensure that written feedback of the decision is made to complainant within a further 5 working days. File closed Appeals Chair appointed and file opened. Appeals Committee established within 2 weeks. TAFE SA internal investigation ceases C. (Option 3) Student approaches External Agency Student has a complaint they want resolved formally External Agency investigation Within 30 days of receiving recommendations from the external agency the Chief Executive TAFE SA will provide written feedback to the student and provide information as appropriate. Complainant is NOT satisfied with outcome Complainant is satisfied with outcome File closed Student can lodge appeal to External Agency C – Option 3. Complainant is NOT satisfied with outcome Investigating Officer seeks advice from HR or Legislation and Delegations as relevant If the complaint relates to the potential misconduct by a staff member the complaint needs to be referred to the Director of People and Culture. 8.3 Seniority of Investigation Officers for General TAFE SA Complaints The relevant hierarchy structure in regard to General Complaints is outlined below. External Agency (Such as Equal opportunity Commission or Training Advocate) Chief Executive, TAFE SA (advised through Appeals Committee) \| TAFE SA Executive Directors (advised through Investigating Officer) \| General TAFE SA Staff (informal complaint resolution through lecturers, student services or other relevant TAFE SA Officers)	<urn:uuid:def915a8-3af8-4627-b483-d2d47da28c0c>	CC-MAIN-2017-30	https://www.tafesa.edu.au/docs/default-source/international-files/procedures.pdf?sfvrsn=0	2017-07-20T16:46:40Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423269.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20170720161644-20170720181644-00567.warc.gz	848,915,485	3,942	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.952093	eng_Latn	0.995987	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 273, 2312, 4494, 7494, 10713, 13786, 15727, 16213, 19116, 19614 ]
Name PREMIUM SULFATE-FREE* CONDITIONING SHAMPOO No. Description Formulation Procedure Physical Properties Storage/ Stability Instructions for Use External 1111 This formulation is made with all naturally-derived surfactants and provides good foam and conditioning properties. INGREDIENTS: % by Weight Functionality ALPHA-STEP® PC-48 AMPHOSOL® CDB Special STEPAN-MILD® L3 STEPAN® SLL-FB Hydrocoll EN-55 (Arch Chemical) Hydrolyzed Collagen Flax Extract 130 (Natunola) Linium Usitatissium Extract Mackernium 007 (The McINTYRE Group) Polyquaternium-7 Panthenol (50%) (DSM) Panthenol EGMS (Hallstar) Glycol Monostearate Fragrance Dye Kathon CG (Rohm and Haas) Methylchloroisothiazolinone and Methylisothiazolinone Citric Acid (25%) Deionized Water 27.00 Primary Surfactant 15.00 Secondary Surfactant 0.50 Conditioning Agent 0.50 Foam Booster 0.25 Conditioning Agent 0.25 Conditioning Agent 2.84 Conditioning Agent 0.25 Conditioning Agent 0.25 Pearlescent Agent 0.10 Additive q.s. Additive 0.05 q.s. pH Adjuster q.s. to 100.00 Carrier Preservative Total ___________ 100.00 1) In a suitable vessel equipped with heating and agitation capabilities, charge Deionized Water. 2) Begin heating water and add ALPHA-STEP® PC-48, AMPHOSOL® CDB Special, STEPAN-MILD® L3, STEPAN® SLL-FB, and Glycol Distearate using moderate agitation. Continue to heat to 60°C–65°C. Mix for at least 30 minutes until all materials are dissolved. 3) Begin cooling to 40°C and adjust mixing to minimize aeration. At 40°, add Mackernium 007, Hydrocoll EN-55, Flax Extract, and Panthenol with continued mixing. 4) Cool batch to 25°C. Adjust pH with Citric Acid or Sodium Hydroxide, 5) Add Preservative, Dye, and Fragrance as desired. pH as is Viscosity at 25°C Appearnace at 25°C 4 weeks at 25°C 4 weeks at 5°C 4 weeks at 50°C 5.0–5.5 5,500–6,500 cps Pearlized viscous liquid Stable Stable Stable Freeze/Thaw 3 cycles Stable Apply the product on wet hair. Lather, then rinse thoroughly. Mild conditioning shampoo. Can be used daily. Comment Registered Trademarks of Stepan Company For Additional Assistance Marketing Notes: Sulfate-Free* means containing no alcohol sulfate or alcohol ether sulfate per INCI nomenclature. ALPHA-STEP® AMPHOSOL® STEPAN® STEPAN-MILD® For applications or product handling assistance, call our Technical Service Department at 1-800-745-7837 (U.S.) or 011-334-76-505-100 (Europe). For ordering assistance, call our Account Service Department at 1-800-457-7673. Nothing contained herein grants or extends a license, express or implied, in connection with patents, issued or pending, of the manufacturer or others. The information contained herein is based on the manufacturer's own study and the works of others. The manufacturer makes no warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained herein. The manufacturer shall not be liable (regardless of fault) to the vendee's employees, or anyone for any direct, special or consequential damages arising out of or in connection with the accuracy, completeness, adequacy or furnishing of such information. Stepan Company Northfield, Illinois 60093 Telephone (847) 446-7500 Revision Date: Publication Date: 10/22/2009 © 2009, Stepan Company. All rights reserved.	<urn:uuid:f3d7ae47-dc69-49ea-8b27-a383697d1b8b>	CC-MAIN-2019-43	https://www.stepan.com/uploadedFiles/Literature_and_Downloads/Formulations/Shampoos_and_Conditioning_Shampoos/StepanFormulation1111.pdf	2019-10-18T12:00:44Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986682037.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20191018104351-20191018131851-00543.warc.gz	1,098,978,969	918	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.855751	eng_Latn	0.880893	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2063, 3346 ]
A MIND IS A TERRIBLE THING TO WASTE ALTON AKINSEGUN / MARCHEL SMILEY SCHOLARSHIP APPLICATION REVISED MARCH 2018 SEIU Local 722 scholarship applications will be made available to members on May 1 st who are in good standings (current dues payer for 1 year prior to application deadline). Completed applications with all supportive documents must be received in the union office no later than July 1 st . There will be no exceptions. The Alton Akinsegun Scholarship will be awarded to union members in good standing: current dues payer for 1 year prior to application deadline; who meets the criteria set forth in this application. The Marchel Smiley Scholarship will be awarded to children under the age of 23 who has a legal guardian (proof may be required) that is a member of SEIU Local 722 in good standing (current dues payer for 1 year prior to application deadline). The child must meet the criteria set forth in this application. PART I 1. Name_________________________________________________________________________ 2. Age _______________ Date of Birth __________________________ 3. Address_______________________________________________________________________ 4. Telephone Number ______________________________________________________________ 5. Parent / Legal Gaurdian Name ____________________________________________________ 6. How are you affiliated with Local 722 _______________________________________________ 7. Name, Address and Phone number of the Admissions Office to the institution of higher education that you will be attending if this scholarship will be granted to you. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. Are you enrolled: [ ] Freshman [ ] Sophomore [ ] Junior [ ] Senior [ ] part-time [ ] full-time 9. What is your major or contemplated major / profession ________________________________ 10. If you are a member of SEIU Local 722 please state which committee you are a part of or which committee you plan to join. PART II If you are a child of an SEIU Local 722 member, please provide an essay (minimum 500 words) on any Labor Relations topic of your choice. If you are a member of SEIU Local 722, you must provide an essay (minimum of 500 words) on a topic that will be beneficial to members of SEIU Local 722. PART III 1. Please explain how furthering your education will help you contribute to the growth and development of the Labor Movement. 2. What advice or words of wisdom/encouragement can you offer the youth of today's society? 3. Submit at least (2) two letters of recommendations from Local 722 members who have direct knowledge of your academic plans. Each recommendation letter must contain: Name, shift, work location and work phone number of the person making the recommendation. PROOF OF ENROLLMENT IS REQUIRED WITH ALL APPLICATIONS !!! ALL APPLICATIONS MUST BE RECEIVED IN UNION OFFICE BY JULY 1 st !!! *** NO EXCEPTIONS *** Submit completed applications with all supportive documents to: SEIU Local 722 Attn: Scholarship Committee 1673 Columbia Road Suite #100 N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009 I hereby certify that to the best of my knowledge, the information provided is complete and accurate. I further certify that if my academic plans change, I will notify the President of SEIU Local 722 or a member of the Local 722 Scholarship Committee. Signature _____________________________________________________________________ Date _________________________________________________________________________	<urn:uuid:b642e5e4-0ec5-449f-ab72-89f3c05d90bb>	CC-MAIN-2019-22	https://seiu722.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Local-722-Scholarship-Application-2018-1.pdf	2019-05-20T18:34:48Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256100.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20190520182057-20190520204057-00085.warc.gz	613,246,952	700	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.994497	eng_Latn	0.995734	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2171, 3694 ]
MOTION FOR A PROTRACTED CUSTODY HEARING INSTRUCTION SHEET These instructions are meant to give you general information and not legal advice. A Motion for a Protracted Hearing must be filed if you think you will need more than 2 hours for your case. You should file this motion as soon as possible after you know your case is going to be heard by a judge. If a motion is not filed, the time you have for your case will be limited. HOW DO I KNOW IF THE HEARING BEFORE THE JUDGE WILL TAKE MORE THAN 2 HOURS? Consider how many witnesses you have and estimate how much time each will need to testify. If you are not sure, allow 20 minutes for each person's testimony. Your case may have complex issues that require more time. Examples of complex issues include: a. allegations of domestic violence, physical or sexual abuse or neglect b. the child(ren) at issue has/have medical, mental health or educational problems c. parent/caretaker has mental health problems, substance abuse problems or a criminal history d. agencies such as the Department of Human Services (DHS) have been or are involved e. one party wants to move away from Philadelphia HOW TO REQUEST A PROTRACTED CUSTODY HEARING? A Protracted Custody Hearing may only be requested by filing a written motion with the Court. 1. Fill in the Domestic Relations Information Sheet with as much information as you have. 2. Complete, date and sign the Motion for a Protracted Custody Hearing. (detailed instructions included) 3. The filing fee for a Motion for a Protracted Custody Hearing is $42.68. If you cannot pay the filing fee, you may ask to be excused from paying the fee by filing a Petition to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (IFP). If you receive public assistance or SSI, bring your public assistance photo ID or proof that you receive SSI. 4. File the completed Motion for a Protracted Custody Hearing and the Information Sheet with the filing fee by mailing or hand-delivering them in person to: Clerk of Court 1501 Arch Street – 11 th Floor Philadelphia PA 19102 5. If you file in person, you may pay the filing fee by money order, cash or credit card. If you file by mail, you may pay by money order ONLY. Make the money order payable to "PROTHONOTARY CLERK OF FAMILY COURT." Personal checks will not be accepted. 6. Whether you file the motion by mail or hand-deliver it to the office of the Clerk of Family Court, you must file the original AND six (6) copies. A copy machine is available at the Clerk's office at a cost of $.25 per page. 7. Once the motion is filed, you will receive in the mail a completed "Rule to Show Cause" stating the date on which the Motion for Protracted Hearing has been scheduled before a Judge. You must send this "Rule to Show Cause" and a copy of all the other papers you filed to the other party in the case or their attorney if they are represented. You will need to have a Certificate of Service to show the Judge that you provided notice of the hearing to the other side. WHAT HAPPENS AT THE MOTION HEARING? You must show up at court on the hearing date. Bring the completed Certificate of Service with you to Court. DO NOT BRING YOUR WITNESSES TO COURT ON THIS DATE. Be prepared to tell the judge: a. why you need additional time b. the names and relationship to the child(ren) of the witnesses you wish to have testify c. your reason for calling each witness to testify d. how much additional time you will need e. why you believe there are complex issues, if there are any, in your matter. The judge will decide how much time your case will get. TERMS THAT ARE USED IN THE PETITION: PLAINTIFF Person who filed the custody complaint DEFENDANT Person against whom the custody complaint is filed PETITIONER Person who is filing the Motion for Protracted Custody Hearing RESPONDENT Person against whom the Motion for Protracted Custody Hearing is filed HOW TO FILL IN THE MOTION: HEADING (CAPTION). Fill in the names of the plaintiff and defendant in the heading of the motion exactly as they appear in the initial custody complaint. The plaintiff is the person who filed the custody complaint. The defendant is the person against whom the custody action was filed. The plaintiff and defendant keep those titles throughout the case. The Domestic Relations Number (D.R. No.) is the number assigned your case by the Court. You can find this number in the caption of your Complaint for Custody. LINE 1. If you are filing the Motion for a Protracted Hearing, you are the petitioner. Fill in your name and address as the petitioner. Indicate whether you are the plaintiff or defendant in the custody complaint by circling the appropriate term. LINE 2. The person against whom the petition is filed is the respondent. Fill in the name and address of the respondent. Indicate whether the respondent is the plaintiff or defendant in the custody complaint by circling the appropriate term. LINE 3. Fill in your relationship to the child(ren). List the name and date of birth (DOB) of each child involved in this petition. LINE 4. Fill in the other party's relationship to the child(ren). LINE 5. Stays the same. LINE 6. Fill in the name/names of the witnesses you intend to call, their relationship to the child(ren), you, or the case and the time they need to testify. LINE 7. Stays the same. LINE 8. Check all that apply. SIGN AND DATE THE MOTION FOR PROTRACTED CUSTODY HEARING. SIGN AND DATE THE VERIFICATION THAT THE STATEMENTS ARE TRUE. IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF PHILADELPHIA COUNTY: _____________________________,: PLAINTIFF: FAMILY COURT DIVISION: vs. : CIVIL ACTION: _____________________________,: DEFENDANT : D.R. NO. : MOTION FOR PROTRACTED CUSTODY HEARING 1. Petitioner (name) ___________________________________________________________ isplaintiff or defendant(circle one) in the custody complaint, and resides at (street, city, state, zip) ______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Respondent (name) _________________________________________________________ isplaintiff or defendant(circle one) in the custody complaint, and resides at (street, city, state, zip) _____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Petitioner's relationship to the following minor child(ren) is ___________________________ LIST FULL NAME(S) AND DOB(S) OF CHILD(REN). ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Respondent's relationship to the child(ren) is ________________________________________ 5. Petitioner believes that a PROTRACTED custody hearing is necessary to properly determine the best interests and custody of the child(ren). 6. Petitioner expects to present the following witnesses: NAME RELATIONSHIP TO CHILD TIME NEEDED TO TESTIFY a. b. c. 7. Petitioner anticipates that Respondent will also testify and present witnesses. 8. Other factors which may increase the time needed for a hearing are as follows:(CHECK ALL THAT APPLY): Petitioner, Respondent and/or the child(ren) require an interpreter for __________________________________________________________. (Fill in language, sign language or other) The child(ren) need to be interviewed. The Court has ordered a home investigation which will need to be reviewed. The Court has ordered psychological evaluations which will need to be reviewed. There are allegations of domestic violence, physical abuse or sexual assault The child(ren) at issue has/have medical, mental health or educational problems. There are complex issues to be determined, which include the following: _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Other as follows:_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ WHEREFORE, Petitioner for all the above reasons, requests that this matter be marked as PROTRACTED and scheduled accordingly. Date: _________________ _________________________________ Petitioner I verify that the statements made in this petition are true and correct. I understand that false statements herein are made subject to the penalties of Pa.C.S.A. § 4904 relating to unsworn falsification to authorities. Date:__________________ _________________________________ Petitioner	<urn:uuid:cd34c947-7c8a-4eeb-80ae-c3a153ffa268>	CC-MAIN-2019-26	http://philadelphiabar.org/WebObjects/PBA.woa/Contents/WebServerResources/CMSResources/MotionForProtractedCustodyHearingFeb2015.pdf	2019-06-26T19:56:02Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000545.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20190626194744-20190626220744-00252.warc.gz	139,248,908	1,809	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.976065	eng_Latn	0.998993	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1973, 3889, 5162, 5500, 7103, 8798 ]
MEETING NOTICE ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH Alzheimer's Disease Advisory Committee November 28, 2016 11 a.m. – 1:00 p.m. AUDIO CONFERENCE - Dial-in Information 888-494-4032, Passcode 2631052766 AGENDA I. Welcome and Introductions II. Alzheimer's Disease Illinois State Plan Revisions * (first of two meetings) III. Other ADAC Discussion * Action Needed	<urn:uuid:ddedae61-a57f-4397-92e6-1bf354fe484e>	CC-MAIN-2021-39	https://dph.illinois.gov/sites/default/files/events/meeting-agenda/alzheimer%E2%80%99s-disease-advisory-committee/11-28-16-adac-agenda.pdf	2021-09-23T03:07:43+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-39/subset=warc/part-00263-f465d820-0362-4c4c-a396-c69f5fd24cc4.c000.gz.parquet	264,287,345	102	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.839406	eng_Latn	0.839406	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 368 ]
2018 Kansas Statutes 75-105. Recordation of messages to the legislature, proclamations, executive orders; requisitions for extradition and executive warrants; location. (a) The governor shall keep or shall provide by executive order for the keeping of a record of all executive messages to the legislature, proclamations and executive orders which shall be signed by the governor, and the governor shall provide for the recording thereof in a book. (b) The governor shall keep a record of all requisitions for the extradition of fugitives from justice made or received by him or her, and of all executive warrants issued by him or her. The records specified under this subsection (b) shall be located in the office of the pardon attorney. History:L. 1879, ch. 166, § 7; R.S. 1923, 75-105; L. 1975, ch. 429, § 1; April 29.	<urn:uuid:d46b231b-0388-4f1e-baf4-947a23a53091>	CC-MAIN-2019-43	http://www.kslegislature.org/li/m/statute/075_000_0000_chapter/075_001_0000_article/075_001_0005_section/075_001_0005_k.pdf	2019-10-23T03:45:21Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987828425.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20191023015841-20191023043341-00024.warc.gz	269,349,548	197	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.989494	eng_Latn	0.989494	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 823 ]
Queen of All Saints Cemetery Mausoleum Map Annunciation Garden Mausoleum & Garden Chapel Mausoleum SECTION 9 Locate a Loved One Scan QR Code with your mobile device to access the search tool Mausoleum Buildings Open 8AM to 4:30PM Daily	<urn:uuid:a086625f-3136-4bb1-9b36-012c5b34c593>	CC-MAIN-2017-17	http://holyroodcemetery.org/files/122255584.pdf	2017-04-26T21:26:31Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121665.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00512-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz	170,740,511	64	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.912986	eng_Latn	0.912986	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 239 ]
Each year the Department is required to make changes to the SNAP, NMW, Education Works and General Assistance Program income limits for participation, income eligibility standards, resource eligibility standards and deductions available to otherwise eligible households. These amounts are determined by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food and Nutrition Services (FNS). The Department received notification of the adjusted amounts on July 28, 2017, and implemented the emergency rule effective for benefit month October 2017. The Department provided the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) website as well as the Department of Human Services website as part of the regulations to reference the change made every October 1. The emergency rule does not permanently amend or repeal the existing rule and will only remain in effective until a permanent rule takes effect under normal rule making process. VI. EFFECTIVE DATE January 16, 2018 VII. PUBLIC HEARING A public hearing to receive testimony on these proposed amendments to implement the emergency rule and make it permanent, pursuant to Section 14-4-5.6 NMSA 1978, will be held on December 29, 2017, at 9:30 a.m. – 10:30 a.m. The hearing will be held at the Income Support Division Conference Room at Pollon Plaza, 2009 S. Pacheco St., Santa Fe, NM 87505. The Conference room is located in room 120 on the lower level. Individuals wishing to testify may contact the Income Support Division, P.O. Box 2348, Santa Fe, NM 87504-2348, or by calling 505-827-7254. If you are a person with a disability and you require this information in an alternative format, or you require a special accommodation to participate in any HSD public hearing, program, or service, please contact the American Disabilities Act Coordinator, at 505-827-6201 or through the New Mexico Relay system, at 711 or toll free at 1-800-659-1779. The Department requests at least a 10-day advance notice to provide requested alternative formats and special accommodations. VIII. ADDRESS Interested persons may address written or recorded comments to: Human Services Department P.O. Box 2348, Pollon Plaza Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504-2348 Interested persons may also address comments via electronic mail to: [email protected] IX. PUBLICATION Publication of these emergency amendments approved on November 28, 2017 by: BRENT BARNEST, SECRETARY HUMAN SERVICES DEPARTMENT This is an amendment to 8.102.500, Sections 5, 8 and 9 effective 1/16/2018. 8.102.500.5 EFFECTIVE DATE: July 1, 2001, unless a later date is cited at the end of a section. [8.102.500.5 NMAC - Rp 8.102.500.5 NMAC, 07/01/2001; A/E, 10/01/2017; A, 1/16/2018] 8.102.500.8 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: A. Need determination process: Eligibility for NMW, state funded qualified aliens and EWP cash assistance based on need requires a finding that: (1) the benefit group's countable gross monthly income does not exceed the gross income limit for the size of the benefit group; (2) the benefit group's countable net income after all allowable deductions does not equal or exceed the standard of need for the size of the benefit group; (3) the countable resources owned by and available to the benefit group do not exceed the $1,500 liquid and $2,000 non-liquid resource limits; (4) the benefit group is eligible for a cash assistance payment after subtracting from the standard of need the benefit group's countable income, and any payment sanctions or recoupments. B. Gross income limits: The total countable gross earned and unearned income of the benefit group cannot exceed eighty-five percent of the federal poverty guidelines for the size of the benefit group. [__________(1)_________] Income eligibility limits are revised and adjusted each year in October and can be found at https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/cost-living-adjustment-cola-information. [__________(2)_________] The gross income limit for the size of the benefit group is as follows: \| Number \| Description \| Amount \| \|--------\|-------------------\|---------\| \| (a) \| one person \| $842 \| \| (b) \| two persons \| $1,135 \| \| (c) \| three persons \| $1,428 \| \| (d) \| four persons \| $1,721 \| \| (e) \| five persons \| $2,015 \| \| (f) \| six persons \| $2,308 \| \| (g) \| seven persons \| $2,602 \| \| (h) \| eight persons \| $2,897 \| \| (i) \| add $295 for each additional person \| C. Eligibility for support services only: Subject to the availability of state and federal funds, a benefit group that is not receiving cash assistance but has countable gross income that is less than one hundred percent of the federal poverty guidelines applicable to the size of the benefit group may be eligible to receive services. The gross income guidelines for the size of the benefit group [are as follows: \| Number \| Description \| Amount \| \|--------\|-------------------\|---------\| \| (1) \| one person \| $990 \| \| (2) \| two persons \| $1,335 \| \| (3) \| three persons \| $1,680 \| \| (4) \| four persons \| $2,025 \| \| (5) \| five persons \| $2,370 \| \| (6) \| six persons \| $2,715 \| \| (7) \| seven persons \| $3,061 \| \| (8) \| eight persons \| $3,408 \| \| (9) \| add $347 for each additional person \| can be found at https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/cost-living-adjustment-cola-information. D. Standard of need: (1) The standard of need is based on the number of participants included in the benefit group and allows for a financial standard and basic needs. (2) Basic needs include food, clothing, shelter, utilities, personal requirements and the participant’s share of benefit group supplies. (3) The financial standard includes approximately $91 per month for each participant in the benefit group. (4) The standard of need for the NMW, state funded qualified aliens, and EWP cash assistance benefit group is: \| Number \| Description \| Amount \| \|--------\|-------------------\|---------\| \| (a) \| one person \| $266 \| \| (b) \| two persons \| $357 \| \| (c) \| three persons \| $447 \| (d) four persons $539 (e) five persons $630 (f) six persons $721 (g) seven persons $812 (h) eight persons $922 (i) add $91 for each additional person. E. Special needs: (1) Special clothing allowance: A special clothing allowance may be issued to assist in preparing a child for school, subject to the availability of state or federal funds and a specific allocation of the available funds for this allowance. (a) For purposes of determining eligibility for the clothing allowance, a child is considered to be of school age if the child is six years of age or older and less than age 19 by the end of August. (b) The clothing allowance shall be allowed for each school-age child who is included in the NMW, TBP, state funded qualified aliens, or EWP cash assistance benefit group, subject to the availability of state or federal funds. (c) The clothing allowance is not allowed in determining eligibility for NMW, TBP, state funded qualified aliens, or EWP cash assistance. (2) Layette: A one-time layette allowance of $25 is allowed upon the birth of a child who is included in the benefit group. The allowance shall be authorized by no later than the end of the month following the month in which the child is born. (3) Special circumstance: Dependent upon the availability of funds and in accordance with the federal act, the HSD secretary, may establish a separate, non-recurring, cash assistance program that may waive certain New Mexico Works Act requirements due to a specific situation. This cash assistance program shall not exceed a four month time period, and is not intended to meet recurrent or ongoing needs. F. Non-inclusion of legal guardian in benefit group: Based on the availability of state and federal funds, the department may limit the eligibility of a benefit group due to the fact that a legal guardian is not included in the benefit group. [8.102.500.8 NMAC - Rp 8.102.500.8 NMAC, 07/01/2001; A, 10/01/2001; A, 10/01/2002; A, 10/01/2003; A/E, 10/01/2004; A/E, 10/01/2005; A, 7/17/2006; A/E, 10/01/2006; A/E, 10/01/2007; A, 11/15/2007; A, 01/01/2008; A/E, 10/01/2008; A, 08/01/2009; A, 08/14/2009; A/E, 10/01/2009; A, 10/30/2009; A, 01/01/2011; A, 01/01/2011; A, 07/29/2011; A/E, 10/01/2011; A/E, 10/01/2012; A/E, 10/01/2013; A/E, 10/01/2014; A, 10/01/2015; A, 10/01/2016; A/E, 10/01/2017; A, 1/16/2018] 8.102.500.9 PROSPECTIVE BUDGETING: A. Eligibility for cash assistance programs shall be determined prospectively. The benefit group must meet all eligibility criteria in the month following the month of disposition. Eligibility and amount of payment shall be determined prospectively for each month in the certification period. B. [Semiannual] Simplified reporting: A benefit group subject to [semiannual] simplified reporting shall be subject to income methodology as specified in Subsection [H] E of 188.8.131.52 NMAC. C. Changes in benefit group composition: A person added to the benefit group shall have eligibility determined prospectively beginning in the month following the month the report is made. D. Anticipating income: In determining the benefit group's eligibility and benefit amount, the income already received and any income the benefit group expects to receive during the certification period shall be used. (1) Income anticipated during the certification period shall be counted only in the month it is expected to be received, unless the income is averaged. (2) Actual income shall be calculated by using the income already received and any other income that can reasonably be anticipated in the calendar month. (3) If the amount of income or date of receipt is uncertain, the portion of the income that is uncertain shall not be counted. (4) In cases where the receipt of income is reasonably certain but the amount may fluctuate, the income shall be averaged. (5) Averaging is used to determine a monthly calculation when there is fluctuating income within the weekly, biweekly, or monthly pay period and to achieve a uniform amount for projecting. E. Income received less frequently than monthly: The amount of monthly gross income that is received less frequently than monthly is determined by dividing the total income by the number of months the income is intended to cover. This includes, but is not limited to, income from sharecropping, farming, and self-employment. It includes contract income as well as income for a tenured teacher who may not actually have a contract. F. Contract income: A benefit group that derives its annual income in a period of less than one year shall have that income averaged over a 12-month period, provided that the income is not received on an hourly or piecework basis. G. Using exact income: Exact income, rather than averaged income, shall be used if: (1) the benefit group has chosen not to average income; (2) income is from a source terminated in the month of application; (3) employment began in the application month and the income represents only a partial month; (4) income is received more frequently than weekly. H. Income projection: Earned income shall be anticipated as described below. (1) Earned income shall be anticipated based on income received when the following criteria are met: (a) the applicant and the caseworker are reasonably certain the income amounts received are indicative of future income and expected to continue during the certification; and (b) the anticipated income is based on income received from any consecutive 30-day period that includes 30 days prior to the date of application through the date of timely disposition of the application. (2) When the applicant and the caseworker determine that the income received is not indicative of future income that will be received during the certification period, a longer period of time may be used if it will provide a more accurate indicator of anticipated income. (3) Provided the applicant and the caseworker are reasonably certain the income amounts are indicative of future income, the anticipated income shall be used for the month of application and the remaining months of the certification period. I. Unearned Income: (1) Unearned income shall be anticipated based on income received when the following criteria are met: (a) the applicant and the caseworker are reasonably certain the income amounts received are indicative of future income and expected to continue during the certification; and (b) the anticipated income is based on income received from any consecutive 30-day period that includes 30 days prior to the date of application through the date of timely disposition of the application. (2) When the applicant and the caseworker determine that the income received is not indicative of future income that will be received during the certification period, a longer period of time may be used if it will provide a more accurate indicator of anticipated income. (3) Provided the applicant and the caseworker are reasonably certain the income amounts are indicative of future income, the anticipated income shall be used for the month of application and the remaining months of the certification period. J. Use of conversion factors: Whenever a full month's income is anticipated and is received on a weekly or biweekly basis, the income shall be converted to monthly amount as follows: (1) income received on a weekly basis is averaged and multiplied by 4.0; (2) income received on a biweekly basis is averaged and multiplied by 2.0; (3) averaged income shall be rounded to the nearest whole dollar prior to application of the conversion factor; amounts resulting in $.50 or more are rounded up; amounts resulting in $.49 or lower are rounded down. [8.102.500.9 NMAC - Rp 8.102.500.9 NMAC, 07/01/2001; A 02/14/2002; A, 01/01/2004; A, 11/15/2007; A, 04/01/2010; A/E, 10/01/2017; A, 1/16/2018] This is an amendment to 8.106.500, Section 8 effective 1/16/2018. 8.106.500.8 GA - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: A. Limited state funds may result in a suspension or reduction in general assistance benefits without eligibility and need considered. B. Need determination process: Eligibility for the GA program based on need requires a finding that the: (1) countable resources owned by and available to the benefit group do not exceed either the $1,500 liquid or $2,000 non-liquid resource limit; (2) benefit group's countable gross earned and unearned income does not equal or exceed eighty-five percent of the federal poverty guideline for the size of the benefit group; and (3) benefit group's countable net income does not equal or exceed the standard of need for the size of the benefit group. C. GA payment determination: The benefit group’s cash assistance payment is determined after subtracting from the standard of need the benefit group's countable income and any payment sanctions or recoupments. D. Gross income test: The total countable gross earned and unearned income of the benefit group cannot exceed eighty-five percent of the federal poverty guidelines for the size of the benefit group. [ ] Income eligibility limits are revised and adjusted each year in October and can be found at https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/cost-living-adjustment-cola-information. [ ] The gross income limit for the size of the benefit group is as follows: (a) one person $842 (b) two persons $1,135 (c) three persons $1,428 (d) four persons $1,721 (e) five persons $2,015 (f) six persons $2,308 (g) seven persons $2,602 (h) eight persons $2,897 (i) add $295 for each additional person.] E. Standard of need: (1) As published monthly by the department, the standard of need is an amount provided to each GA cash assistance benefit group on a monthly basis and is based on availability of state funds, the number of individuals included in the benefit group, number of cases, number of applications processed and approved, application approval rate, number of case closures, IAR caseload number and expenditures, and number of pending applications. (2) Basic needs include food, clothing, shelter, utilities, personal requirements and an individual benefit group member's share of supplies. (3) Notice: The department shall issue prior public notice identifying any change(s) to the standard of need amounts for the next quarter, as discussed at 8.106.630.11 NMAC. F. Net income test: The total countable earned and unearned income of the benefit group after all allowable deductions cannot equal or exceed the standard of need for the size of the GA benefit group. After the countable net income is determined it is rounded down prior to the comparison of the household's income to the standard of need to determine the household's monthly benefit amount. G. Special clothing allowance for school-age dependent children: A special clothing allowance may be issued to assist in preparing a child for school, subject to the availability of state or federal funds and a specific allocation of the available funds for this allowance. (1) For purposes of determining eligibility for the clothing allowance, a child is considered to be of school age if the child is six years of age or older and less than age 19 by the end of August. (2) The clothing allowance shall be allowed for each school-age child who is included in the GA cash assistance benefit group, subject to the availability of state or federal funds. (3) The clothing allowance is not counted in determining eligibility for GA cash assistance. H. Supplemental issuance: A one-time supplemental issuance may be distributed to recipients of GA for disabled adults based on the sole discretion of the secretary of the human services department and the availability of state funds. (1) The one time supplemental issuance may be no more than the standard GA payment made during the month the GA payment was issued. (2) To be eligible to receive the one time supplement, a GA application must be active and determined eligible no later than the last day of the month in the month the one time supplement is issued. [8.106.500.8 NMAC - N, 07/01/2004; A/E, 10/01/2004; A/E, 10/01/2005; A, 7/17/2006; A/E, 10/01/2006; A/E, 10/01/2007; A, 01/01/2008; A, 06/16/2008; A/E, 10/01/2008; A, 07/01/2009; A/E, 10/01/2009; A, 10/30/2009; A, 12/01/2009; A, 01/01/2011; A, 07/29/2011; A/E, 10/01/2011; A/E, 10/01/2012; A, 07/01/2013; A/E, 10/01/2013; A/E, 10/01/2014; A, 10/01/2015; A, 10/01/2016; A/E, 10/01/2017; A, 1/16/2018] 8.139.500.8 BASIS OF ISSUANCE: A. Income standards: Determination of need in [the food stamp program] SNAP is based on federal guidelines. Participation in the program is limited to households whose income is determined to be a substantial limiting factor in permitting them to obtain a nutritious diet. The net and gross income eligibility standards are based on the federal income poverty levels established in the Community Services Block Grant Act [42 USC 9902(2)]. B. Gross income standards: The gross income eligibility standards for the 48 contiguous states, District of Columbia, Guam and the Virgin islands is one hundred thirty percent of the federal income poverty levels for the 48 states and the District of Columbia. One hundred thirty percent of the annual income poverty guidelines is divided by 12 to determine monthly gross income standards, rounding the results upward as necessary. For households larger than eight, the increment in the federal income poverty guidelines is multiplied by one hundred thirty percent, divided by 12, and the results rounded upward if necessary. C. Net income standards: The net income eligibility standards for the 48 contiguous states, District of Columbia, Guam and the Virgin islands are the federal income poverty levels for the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia. The annual income poverty guidelines are divided by 12 to determine monthly net income eligibility standards, (results rounded upward if necessary). For households larger than eight, the increment in the federal income poverty guidelines is divided by 12, and the results rounded upward if necessary. D. Yearly adjustment: Income eligibility limits are revised each October 1st to reflect the annual adjustment to the federal income poverty guidelines for the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia and can be found at https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/cost-living-adjustment-cola-information. [E.] Issuance table: The issuance table lists applicable income guidelines used to determine SNAP eligibility based on household size. Some amounts are increased to meet the needs of certain categorically eligible households. Some of the net income amounts listed are higher than the income limits for some household sizes. Households not categorically eligible for SNAP benefits must have income below the appropriate gross income limit for household size. \| Household Size \| Maximum Gross Monthly Income Categorical Eligibility at 165% of Poverty \| Maximum Gross Monthly Income At 130% of Poverty \| Maximum Net Monthly Income At 100% of Poverty \| Maximum SNAP Monthly Allotment \| \|----------------\|------------------------------------------------------------------------\|-------------------------------------------------\|-----------------------------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| 1 \| $1,634 \| $1,287 \| $990 \| $194 \| \| 2 \| $2,203 \| $1,736 \| $1,235 \| $357 \| \| 3 \| $2,772 \| $2,184 \| $1,680 \| $511 \| \| 4 \| $3,342 \| $2,633 \| $2,025 \| $649 \| \| 5 \| $3,911 \| $3,081 \| $2,370 \| $771 \| \| 6 \| $4,480 \| $3,530 \| $2,715 \| $925 \| \| 7 \| $5,051 \| $3,980 \| $3,061 \| $1,022 \| \| 8 \| $5,623 \| $4,430 \| $3,408 \| $1,169 \| \| $ Each Additional Member \| +$572 \| +$451 \| +$247 \| +$146 \| [F.] E. Deductions and standards: (1) Determination: Expense and standard deduction amounts are determined by federal guidelines and may be adjusted each year. Households eligible based on income and resource guidelines, and other relevant eligibility factors, are allowed certain deductions to determine countable income. (2) Yearly adjustment: The expense and standard deductions may change each year. If federal guidelines mandate a change, it is effective each October 1st, and can be found at https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/cost-living-adjustment-cola-information and www.hsd.state.nm.us. (3) Expense deductions and standards table: \| Standard Deduction for Household Size of 1 through 3 \| $157 \| \|------------------------------------------------------\|------\| \| Standard Deduction for Household of 4 \| $168 \| \| Standard Deduction for Household Size of 5 \| $197 \| \| Standard Deduction for Household Size of 6 or more \| $226 \| \| Earned-Income-Deduction (EID) \| 20% \| \|-------------------------------\|-----\| \| Dependent Care Deduction \| Actual Amount \| \| Heating/Cooling Standard Utility Allowance (HCSUA) \| $325 \| \| Limited Utility Allowance (LUA) \| $125 \| \| Telephone Standard (TS) \| $40 \| \| Excess Shelter Cost Deduction Limit for Non-Elderly/Non-Disabled Households \| $517 \| \| Homeless Household Shelter Standard \| $143 \| \| Minimum Allotment for Eligible One-and-Two Person Households \| $16 \| [02/1/95, 10/01/95, 02/29/96, 3/15/97, 01/15/98, 11/15/98, 12/15/99, 01/01/01, 03/01/01; 8.139.500.8 NMAC - Rn, 8 NMAC 3.FSP.501, 05/15/2001; A, 10/01/2001; A, 10/01/2002, A, 09/01/2003; A, 10/01/2003; A/E, 10/01/2004; A/E, 10/01/2005; A/E, 10/01/2006; A/E, 10/01/2007; A/E, 10/01/2008; A/E, 04/01/2009; A/E, 10/01/2009; A, 10/30/2009; A, 04/01/2010; A/E, 10/01/2010; A/E, 10/01/2011; A/E, 10/01/2012; A/E, 10/01/2013; A/E, 10/01/2014; A, 04/16/2015; A, 10/01/2015; A, 10/01/2016; A/E, 10/01/2017; A, 1/16/2018] 8.139.500.10 DETERMINING INCOME: A. Anticipating income: In determining a household's eligibility and SNAP benefit amount [the easeworker] ISD shall use income already received by the household during the certification period and any income the household and [the-easeworker] ISD are reasonably certain shall be received during the remainder of the certification period. (1) If the amount of income or date of receipt is uncertain, that portion of the household's income that is uncertain shall not be counted. (2) If the exact amount of the income is not known, that portion of the income which can be anticipated with reasonable certainty shall be considered income. (3) In cases where the receipt of income is reasonably certain but the monthly amount may fluctuate, a household may choose to average its income. B. Income received during any past 30-day consecutive period that includes 30 days prior to the date of application through the date of timely disposition shall be used as an indicator of the income that is and shall be available to the household during the certification period. (1) Past income is not used as an indicator of income anticipated for the certification period if changes in income have occurred or can be anticipated during the certification period. (2) If income fluctuates to the extent that a single four-week period does not provide an accurate indication of anticipated income, a longer period of past time can be used if it gives a more accurate indication of anticipated fluctuations in income. (3) Income already received is not used and verification is obtained from the income source, if the household and [the-easeworker] ISD decide that income already received by the household is not indicative of income expected to be received in future months. C. Simplified reporting: A household filing an interim report form is subject to the income methodology specified at 8.139.500.9 NMAC. D. Income anticipated during the certification period shall be counted only in the month it is expected to be received, unless the income is averaged. E. Use of conversion factors: Whenever a full month's income is anticipated and is received on a weekly or biweekly basis, the income shall be converted to monthly amount as follows: (1) income received on a weekly basis is averaged and multiplied by four; (2) income received on a biweekly basis is averaged and multiplied by two; (3) averaged income shall be rounded to the nearest whole dollar prior to application of the conversion factor; amounts resulting in $.50 or more are rounded up; amounts resulting in $.49 or lower are rounded down. F. Held wages: (1) Wages withheld at the request of an employee shall be considered income to a household in the month the wages would otherwise have been paid by the employer. (2) Wages withheld by the employer as a general practice, even in violation of the law, shall not be counted as income to a household, unless the household anticipates that it will ask for and receive an advance. (3) If a household anticipates asking for and receiving income from wages that were previously withheld by the employer as a general practice, the income shall be counted to determine eligibility. G. Earned income: Earned income shall be anticipated based on income received when the following criteria are met: (a) the applicant and [the caseworker] ISD are reasonably certain the income amounts received are indicative of future income and expected to continue during the certification period; and (b) the anticipated income is based on income received from any consecutive past 30-day period that includes 30 days prior to the date of application through the date of timely disposition of the application. (2) When the applicant and [the caseworker] ISD determine that the income received is not indicative of future income that will be received during the certification period, a longer period of time may be used if it will provide a more accurate indicator of anticipated income. (3) Provided the applicant and [the caseworker] ISD are reasonably certain the income amounts are indicative of future income, the anticipated income shall be used for the month of application and the remaining months of the certification period. H. Unearned income: (1) Unearned income shall be anticipated based on income received when the following criteria are met: (a) the applicant and [the caseworker] ISD are reasonably certain the income amounts received are indicative of future income and expected to continue during the certification; and (b) the anticipated income is based on income received from any consecutive past 30-day period that includes 30 days prior to the date of application through the date of timely disposition of the application. (2) When the applicant and [the caseworker] ISD determine that the income received is not indicative of future income that will be received during the certification period, a longer period of time may be used if it will provide a more accurate indicator of anticipated income. (3) Provided the applicant and [the caseworker] ISD are reasonably certain the income amounts are indicative of future income, the anticipated income shall be used for the month of application and the remaining months of the certification period. (4) Households receiving state or federal assistance payments, such as Title IV-A, GA, SSI or social security payments on a recurring monthly basis are not considered to have varied monthly income from these sources simply because mailing cycles may cause two payments to be received in one month. I. Income received more frequently than weekly: The amount of monthly gross income paid more frequently than weekly (i.e., daily) is determined by adding all the income received during the past four weeks. The gross income amount is used to anticipate income in the application month and the remainder of the certification period. Conversion factors shall not be applied to this income. J. Income received less frequently than monthly: The amount of monthly gross income paid less frequently than monthly is determined by dividing the total income by the number of months it is intended to cover. [The caseworker] ISD shall carefully explain to the household how the monthly income was computed and what changes might result in a reportable change. Documentation shall be filed in the case record to establish clearly how the anticipated income was computed. K. Use of conversion factors: Whenever a full month's income is anticipated but is received on a weekly or biweekly basis, the income shall be converted to monthly amount as follows: (1) income received on a weekly basis is averaged and multiplied by four; (2) income received on a biweekly basis is averaged and multiplied by two; (3) averaged income shall be rounded to the nearest whole dollar prior to application of the conversion factor; amounts resulting in $.50 or more are rounded up; amounts resulting in $.49 or lower are rounded down. L. Known changes in income for future months at application: (1) At application or recertification, it shall be determined if any factors affecting income will change in future months. Such factors include a new income source, termination of income, or increases or decreases in income. (2) Income is considered only when the amount of the income and the date it will be received are reasonably certain. (3) In the event that a change is known for future months, benefits are computed by taking into account the change in income. M. Averaging income over the certification period: (1) All households may choose to have their income averaged. Income is usually not averaged for destitute households because averaging would result in assigning to the month of application income from future periods which is not available for its current food needs. (2) To average income, [the caseworker] LSD uses a household's anticipation of income fluctuations over the certification period. The number of months used to arrive at the average income need not be the same as the number of months in the certification period. (3) Contract income: Households which, by contract, derive their annual income in a period of less than one year shall have that income averaged over a 12-month period, provided that the income is not received on an hourly or piecework basis. (a) Contract income includes income for school employees, farmers, self-employed households, and individuals who receive annual payments from the sale of real estate. (b) These procedures do not include migrant or seasonal farm worker households. (4) Educational monies: Households receiving scholarships, deferred educational loans, or other educational grants shall have such income, after exclusions, averaged over the period for which it is provided. All months which the income is intended to cover shall be used to average income, even if the income is received during the certification period. If the period has elapsed completely, the educational monies shall not be considered income. N. Using exact income: Exact income, rather than averaged income, shall be used if: (1) the household has chosen not to average income; (2) income is from a source terminated in the application month; (3) employment has just begun in the application month and the income represents only a partial month; (4) in the month of application, the household qualifies for expedited service or is considered a destitute, migrant or seasonal farm worker household; or (5) income is received more frequently than weekly, (i.e., daily). [02/01/95, 11/01/95, 07/01/97, 06/01/99; 8.139.500.10 NMAC - Rn, 8 NMAC 3.FSP.502.7, 05/15/2001; A, 02/14/2002; A, 01/01/2004; A, 08/30/2007; A, 04/01/2010; A, 09/01/2017; A/E, 10/01/2017; A, 1/16/2018] This is an amendment to 8.139.510 NMAC, Sections 5 and 8, effective 1/16/2018. 8.139.510.5 EFFECTIVE DATE: February 1, 1995, unless a later date is cited at the end of a section. [02/01/95; 8.139.510.5 NMAC - Rn, 8 NMAC 3.FSP.000.5, 05/15/2001; A/E, 10/01/2017; A, 1/16/2018] 8.139.510.8 RESOURCE ELIGIBILITY STANDARDS: A. [The maximum allowable resources, including both liquid and non-liquid assets, of all members of a household cannot exceed:] The maximum allowable resources for a household, including both liquid and non-liquid assets are revised and adjusted each year in October and can be found at https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/cost-living-adjustment-cola-information. (1) $2,250; or (2) $3,250 for households consisting of or including a member who is elderly or disabled as defined at Paragraph (28) of Subsection A of 184.108.40.206 NMAC.] B. The value of a nonexempt resource is its equity value. Equity value is the fair market value less encumbrances. The value of stocks and bonds, such as U.S. savings bonds, is their cash value, not their face value. C. It is a household's responsibility to report all resources held at the time of application and any anticipated to be received, or that are later received during the certification period, that might place the household's resources above the maximum allowed. D. Categorically eligible households: Households that are categorically eligible do not need to meet the resource limits or provisions of this section. E. Sponsored aliens: For households containing sponsored aliens, a prorated amount of the countable resources of an alien's sponsor and sponsor's spouse (if living with the sponsor) are deemed to be those of the sponsored alien, in accordance with sponsored alien provisions in 8.139.420.9 NMAC. F. Non-household members: The resources of non-household members, defined in 8.139.400.10 NMAC shall not be considered available to the household. G. Resources of ineligible or disqualified household members: The resources of ineligible or disqualified household members shall be counted as available to the household in their entirety. If a resource exclusion applies to a household member, the exclusion shall also apply to the resources of an ineligible or disqualified person whose resources are counted as available to the household. 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BACHELOR OF MUSIC Performance, Piano FIRST YEAR SECOND YEAR Music of the World's Peoples (Diversity) (3) Supportive courses Major area General Studies Conservatory of Music THIRD YEAR FOURTH YEAR Total degree units: 120 Fall 2021 This document is intended as a guide for prospective students. Pacific's Course Catalog is the official source for curricular information. DIRECTOR OF CONSERVATORY ADMISSIONS Jessica Siena [email protected] \| 209.946.2418 Electives	<urn:uuid:f2f7a035-9685-41d6-9ff3-000f6e12628b>	CC-MAIN-2023-14	https://music.pacific.edu/sites/default/files/users/user378/2021_curriculum_MPER_piano.pdf	2023-03-21T13:32:14+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-14/subset=warc/part-00187-39c03058-7d78-443d-9984-102329513e3d.c000.gz.parquet	456,201,335	124	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.910625	eng_Latn	0.910625	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 479 ]
What road to ? Understanding your credit score. How Can You Improve Your Score? þ þ Pay off or pay down your credit cards þ þ Do not close credit cards as it may decrease your capacity. The exception to this is when you have had a bad experience with the credit card company and you want to prevent future issues. What Makes Up Your Credit Score? Turn your score around faster than you ever thought. þ þ Move your revolving debt into installment debt Approximate Credit Weight for Each Year: þ þ Continue to make payments on time (older late pays will become less significant with time) þ þ Slow down on opening new accounts þ þ Acquire a solid credit history with years of experience THINK FIRST. \| 732.312.1500 \| FIRSTFFCU.COM What Actions Will Hurt Your Score? ýý Missing payments ý (i.e. maxing out credit cards) ý Credit cards at capacity ý ý Shopping for credit excessively ýý Opening up numerous loans and credit cards in a short time frame ý in relation to installment debt ý Having more revolving debt ý (this could lower available capacity) ý Closing credit cards out ý finance companies ý Borrowing from	<urn:uuid:98ddd62a-587e-4f58-84a3-7a017591aac0>	CC-MAIN-2022-21	https://www.firstffcu.com/assets/files/bpW25LOo	2022-05-29T06:21:35+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-21/subset=warc/part-00248-bd7ecbba-8e15-4123-ae07-d9c98ad96845.c000.gz.parquet	849,332,149	254	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.993156	eng_Latn	0.993156	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1144 ]
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Pearson Prentice Hall, Jan 1, 2009 - Organizational behavior - 716 pages. 1 Review. Robbins/Judge provide the research you want in the... Organizational Behavior - Stephen P. Robbins, Tim Judge ... Organizational Behaviour Stephen Robbins Chapter 3 1. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR S T E P H E N P. R O B B I N SS T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S E L E V E N T H E D I T I O NE L E V E N T H E D I T I O N W W W . P R E N H A L L . C O M / R O B B I N SW W W . Organizational Behaviour Stephen Robbins Chapter 3 Based off of Organizational Behaviour: Concepts, Controversies, Applications by Nancy Langton, Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. 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Households with Income Below the Poverty Level U.S. Census Bureau 2015-2019 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Legend Percent of Households by Census Tract - 39.0 - 78.7 - 23.0 - 38.9 - 13.0 - 22.9 - 6.0 - 12.9 - 0.0 - 5.9 - No data Prepared By: Transportation Planning Division Projected Coordinate System - NAD 1983 State Plane (ft) Data Source - BMC, © HERE 2020, TIGER/Line®, MTA June 2021	<urn:uuid:94daad7c-3764-4ed8-9f6c-282580b0efe9>	CC-MAIN-2024-38	https://www.baltometro.org/sites/default/files/bmc_documents/data%26maps/community/demographics-mapping/ACS/economics/8.5x11_HouseholdIncomeBelowPoverty_HOCO.pdf	2024-09-08T21:56:19+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-38/subset=warc/part-00294-781f89b0-54ef-4e32-b51d-e5860e733e3a.c000.gz.parquet	627,778,512	145	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.41809	eng_Latn	0.41809	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 404 ]
Standing, Reef Fish, Mackerel, Shrimp, and Socioeconomic SSC Meeting Summary Tampa, Florida March 13-14, 2019 The meeting of the Standing, Reef Fish, Mackerel, Shrimp, and Socioeconomic Scientific and Statistical Committees (SSC) was convened at 8:30 a.m. on March 13, 2019. The agenda was approved after moving item VII ahead of Item VIII. The minutes from the January 9, 2019 SSC webinar were approved as written. Dr. Luiz Barbieri agreed to serve as the SSC representative at the April 1-4, 2019 Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) Fishery Management Council (Council) meeting in Biloxi, Mississippi. Review of SSC Operating Procedures At its October 2018 meeting, the SSC was presented with concerns identified in its operational procedures and potential solutions to those concerns. Dr. Joe Powers developed a white paper addressing the October 2018 presentation. A broader approach to addressing those concerns was offered, as was the continued development of the scope of work generated prior to each SSC meeting. Avoiding the practice of drafting motions "in the moment" was also suggested. To better organize the discussion of agenda items, the use of Discussion Leaders (DL) was recommended. These DL would be assigned by the SSC Chair, based on their willingness to lead discussion of a particular agenda item, and could query other SSC members and staff prior to the SSC meeting to develop appropriate materials to contribute to the deliberation of the subject agenda item. Any Standing or Special SSC member could serve as a DL. Further, the DL for an agenda item could also assist Council staff in drafting summary report components. SSC members generally viewed the DL approach as favorable, but noted that increased time to review materials pertinent to an agenda item would be essential to the success of this approach. Some concern was expressed about discussions held between the DL and other SSC members or staff outside of the publicly noticed SSC meeting; however, since the ultimate recommendation(s) to the Council is generated at the meeting by motion by the SSC as a whole, the public nature and transparency of the decision-making process would remain unchanged. Also, motions proposed by the discussion leader would have no more weight than any other motion and would be considered by the SSC as a whole. The SSC discussed the role of the DL with respect to reviewing stock assessments at length. It was generally agreed that an SSC member who was involved with the subject stock assessment, and preferably an SSC member who served on the assessment's Review Panel, should serve as the DL for that assessment. Recognizing that this new DL approach would likely require some fine-tuning, SSC members agreed to implement the approach to determine where improvements or modifications could be made and make adjustments as warranted over the next several meetings. Review of SEDAR Stock Assessment Executive Summary Components Council and Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) staff reviewed an initial draft proposal for the development of an executive summary report for Southeast Data, Assessment, and Review (SEDAR) stock assessments. This first draft was inclusive of many items which Council and Southeast Regional Office staff require for the development of amendments to fishery management plans and for fielding concerns posed by the public. SEFSC staff added that aspects of the assessment could change during an SSC review, which occurs after the stock assessment report is finalized. A standalone document like the proposed executive summary could serve to provide the most up-to-date information about the stock assessment in concise manner that is accessible to various stakeholders. SSC members generally liked the idea of an executive summary, but cautioned against including too much information, especially justifications for decisions made during the assessment. The use of hyperlinks to parts of the assessment containing the pertinent justification for the decision made was thought to be an appropriate alternative to consider. SSC members supported development of a standardized format to make creating the executive summary easier, along with making it easier for the public to navigate. SEFSC staff acknowledged some funds for creating an automated method for harvesting the data for the executive summary from the stock assessment report and said this method could be explored. SEFSC and Council staff agreed to work together to create the executive summary, recognizing that it would be an iterative process which would require a few attempts to develop into a final product. An example will be presented to the SSC at a future meeting. Once finalized, executive summaries will be posted to the SEDAR website under the appropriate stock assessment page. Updated Gray Snapper Projections at F26%SPR Dr. Shannon Cass-Calay from the SEFSC presented updated projections for gray snapper using three different values for the fishing mortality at maximum sustainable yield (FMSY) proxies (F26%SPR, F30%SPR, and F40%SPR), along with changing the minimum stock size threshold (MSST) from 1-MBMSY to 0.5BMSY. Dr. Cass-Calay also presented associated acceptable biological catch (ABC) and overfishing limit (OFL) values, calculated with 2016 and 2017 landings data and assuming the ACL in lieu of landings for 2018, for each FMSY proxy option. The SSC found the presented analyses to be statistically sound and appropriate. Substitute Motion: The SSC moves that the Gulf Gray Snapper OFL and ABC yield streams presented by the SEFSC for F26%SPR, F30%SPR, and F40%SPR were computed with the same statistically appropriate methods. The OFL yield stream for a given SPR proxy represents 50% of the retained catch PDF for that proxy. The ABC yield stream for a given SPR proxy represents a P* of 0.4 applied to the retained catch PDF for that proxy. This P* resulted from the application of the Gulf Council's ABC Control Rule. F26%SPR F30%SPR F40%SPR Substitute Motion carried unanimously. SSC members had extensive discussion about how to proceed with a recommendation for the FMSY proxy. The SEFSC stated that an SPR ranging between 24% and 40% was considered appropriate for gray snapper. Both the SSC and SEFSC also acknowledged that numerous uncertainties (i.e. fleet behavior, discards, etc.) existed in the stock assessment and these uncertainties should be accounted for when recommending a proxy value for FMSY. Specifically, the discussion focused on selecting either an FMSY proxy of F26%SPR (used for red snapper) or F30%SPR (the SSC's previous recommendation). Citing the SSC's previous discussion on a recommendation of an FMSY proxy for gray snapper, recent published scientific literature, and uncertainty in the SEDAR 51 gray snapper stock assessment, the SSC continues to recommend F30%SPR as a proxy for FMSY. Substitute Motion: While the SSC acknowledges that 26% SPR is scientifically acceptable as a proxy for MSY, the SSC still prefers the earlier recommendation of 30% SPR, because of the uncertainty in the assessment, so we prefer to go forward with this more risk averse measure. Substitute Motion carried 12-9 with 2 abstentions. Review of FMP Objectives Council staff presented the most recent Fishery Management Plan (FMP) objectives for six fisheries (Reef Fish, Coastal Migratory Pelagics (CMP), Shrimp, Spiny Lobster, Corals and Coral Reefs, and Red Drum), and noted that the Council had reviewed and updated the Reef Fish FMP objectives at the October 2018 and January 2019 Council meetings. The Committee made comments and suggestions as noted below, noting that these lists contain a mix of fundamental principles and means of accomplishing objectives. Reef Fish FMP Objectives o Rephrase Objective #2 (To achieve robust fishery reporting and data collection systems across all sectors for monitoring the reef fish fishery which minimizes management uncertainty.) to "minimizes scientific management and risk uncertainty". CMP FMP Objectives o Objective #1 (The primary objective of this FMP is to stabilize yield at the maximum sustainable yield (MSY), allow recovery of overfished populations, and maintain population levels sufficient to ensure adequate recruitment.) may conflict with Objective #8 (To optimize the social and economic benefits of the coastal migratory pelagic fishery.). o Could Objective #1 be phrased similarly to Objective #6 of the Reef Fish FMP (To manage Gulf stocks at OY as defined in MSA)? o Should cobia be added to Objective #7 (To provide appropriate management to address specific migratory groups of king mackerel.)? Shrimp FMP Objectives o Objective #6 (Minimize conflict between shrimp and stone crab fishermen.) and Objective #7 (Minimize adverse effects of obstructions to shrimp trawling.) may no longer be pertinent. o Objective #7 may conflict with priorities on reef construction by some states. Coral FMP Objectives o Should deep-water oil and gas infrastructures, particularly their removal, be addressed? Red Drum FMP Objectives o Objective #1 (Cooperatively with the states provide at least a 30 percent level of escapement of juvenile red drum to the offshore spawning stock, and control offshore fishing mortality to assure optimum recruitment and enhancement of the inshore and offshore populations.) needs to better define 'juveniles' in terms of age. Also, each state may measure escapement differently, making escapement rates incomparable. o Is Objective #2 (Establish, implement, and maintain research and data gathering programs to ensure that appropriate data will be available to formulate management measures and monitor the condition of the stock.) still applicable or needed? o Can Objective #4 (Maximize the economic and social benefits of the resource to the nation.) be phrased similarly across the FMP objectives for all fisheries? Review of Gulf Sector Allocations Staff reviewed a short briefing paper that provides the existing allocations in the Gulf. These include sector allocations, within sector allocations, and jurisdictional apportionments between the Gulf and South Atlantic Councils. This was for informational purposes only, and no recommendations were made. Council staff reviewed the Generic Annual Catch Limit (ACL) Carryover Amendment, outlining the functionality of the provision with respect to the Acceptable Biological Catch (ABC) Control Rule and the October 2016 update to the National Standard 1 Guidelines. SSC members asked questions about the general function and purpose of the various rules which underpin the provision and requested that Table 1.1.1 in the document explicitly show which ACLs were exceeded in 2017. SSC members recalled the two simulations provided at past meetings by the SEFSC which demonstrated that an ACL underage could be carried over, pound for pound, to the following fishing year, without any negative effect on the stock. This is because the foregone yield will be assumed to have increased in size and possibly reproduced (depending on species and fleet selectivity); therefore, even the carryover may be more conservative than necessary, as it does not also include any additional production by the previously foregone yield. SSC members asked whether overages and payback provisions had been considered in the carryover provision. Noting that they had not, SSC members questioned the effect of an overage, and subsequent payback provision, on a stock which in a different year had the carryover provision applied. The SSC's interest in this scenario was whether the combined effects of overages, with underages negated by a carryover provision, would have an adverse effect on a stock, particularly one with a rebuilding plan. The payback provision currently used by the Council is a 1:1 payback of the overharvest in the previous fishing year from the following fishing year. This payback provision, in the inverse of the carryover provision, may not be conservative enough, as it does not directly address the future foregone contributions to recruitment by the fish removed through excessive harvest. Thus, the SSC made the following motion with respect to the previously reviewed simulations of carryover on red snapper and Gulf migratory group king mackerel: Motion: The SSC moves that the Council request that the SEFSC include periodic underages and overages of the ACL in the simulations for carryover. Motion carried unanimously. SSC members asked how uncertainty was addressed in the carryover provision. Council staff demonstrated the use of the Council's ACL/Annual Catch Target (ACT) Control Rule to the SSC, which operates in a similar way to the ABC Control Rule to create a measured buffer between the ABC and the ACL and between the ACL and the ACT, if applicable. Council staff added that Action 2 in the Generic ACL Carryover Amendment further constrained the amount of pounds which could be carried over to account for management uncertainty, in addition to the management uncertainty already acknowledged in the ACL/ACT Control Rule. Update on NOAA RESTORE Activities Dr. David Chagaris presented the results of several National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Revived Economies (RESTORE) projects for ecosystem modeling and its potential to inform fishery management. Specifically, the presentation highlighted studies quantifying the detrimental effects of broad disturbance events (e.g., red tide, oil spills, invasive lionfish) on fish population abundance along with other confounding effects on population dynamics such as inter- and intraspecies competition, habitat selection, and predator-prey mechanisms. The SSC acknowledged the progress made in the development of these multi-species models, but advised that rigorous peer-review and increased utility for updating new data inputs would be required before ecosystem-based models could be directly implemented as part of future stock assessments. Dr. Chagaris agreed and stated that other Council regions have taken steps towards identifying which knowledge gaps persist in stock assessments that could be answered by ecosystem modeling approaches. Revision of ABC Control Rule Dr. Joe Powers summarized the genesis and purpose of the Council's ABC Control Rule. SSC members agreed that revisiting the ABC Control Rule and the P* analysis periodically was prudent. SEFSC staff noted that limitations within a stock assessment typically lead to more fixed parameters, which mask uncertainty in the current ABC Control Rule. The SEFSC offered to build an alternative tool, with input from SSC volunteers, and will present the alternative control rule at a future SSC meeting. It was also noted that right-sizing assessments to the data available would likely result in more realistic representations of reality, as opposed to fixing numerous parameters. Further, for parameters that are not able to be freely estimated, the use of informative priors will allow the model additional flexibility while constraining possible parameter values within a realistic range. SSC members discussed the issue of the size of the buffer between the OFL and ABC after the application of the P* analysis. A percent multiplier was proffered as one potential modification to the current ABC Control Rule, whereby the multiplier would impose a percent difference between the ABC and OFL under certain circumstances. Selection of SSC Volunteers for SEDAR 68: Scamp Data Workshop Council staff described the structure of the research track assessment for scamp and outlined the responsibilities of the Assessment Development Team (ADT). The ADT will participate in all facets of the research track, with the exception of the stock identification process, and will use feedback received from the Data, Assessment, and Review Workshop panels to make decisions about all aspects of the assessment. As the research track assessment for scamp is novel, it is also an opportunity to work through issues prior to future research track assessments. Dave Chagaris, Will Patterson, and Sean Powers volunteered to be on the ADT. Staff also asked for volunteers for the scamp Data Workshop; Robert Leaf, Judd Curtis, and John Mareska volunteered. Other SEDAR scheduling changes resulting from the partial government shutdown between December 2018 and January 2019 were reviewed. Stock Status Review of Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Species Dr. Rick Hart presented the SSC with the stock status reports for brown, pink, and white shrimp. None of the stocks are overfished, nor are they undergoing overfishing. While pink, brown, and white shrimp spawning stock biomasses are greater than overfished reference points, pink and brown shrimp spawning stock biomasses have decreased in the past few years, and Dr. Hart will be looking into that further. The Committee noted that contemporary declines in recruitment for all three species seem to suggest that the stocks are returning to pre-2005 levels. The Committee asked for clarification on how calculations for fishing mortality differed across stocks. Dr. Hart noted that the brown shrimp stock is an annual model with seasons. The pink and white shrimp stocks are modeled in monthly intervals, with the months modeled as years within the assessment framework. Motion: The SSC moves to accept the Gulf of Mexico Brown, Pink, and White Shrimp Assessment Updates through 2017 as the Best Available Science. Motion carried unanimously. Review of Red Snapper Management Strategy Evaluation Tool Dr. Yuying Zhang presented a draft red snapper decision-support tool that could be used to perform a management strategy evaluation on red snapper. This tool is web-based and can be used by managers, stakeholders, and scientists to help quantify the risks and trade-offs among alternative management strategies. The tool is closely linked with both the data, models, and outputs from the most recent red snapper stock assessment (SEDAR 52) and allows simulation and exploration of model inputs and management scenarios. The tool is under active development and will be available for additional review and use within the next year. Dr. Cass-Calay stated that this tool is being developed in close coordination with the SEFSC and they are supportive of the process and interested in the potential applications of this tool. There are four sub-modules designed to incorporate external data into the decision-support tool: three use data and methods directly from stock assessments, and are therefore presumably further along in their development; a fourth focuses on socioeconomic data, and has not yet been developed. This socioeconomic module may prove quite influential in determining preferential management outcomes, and effort should be dedicated to its development. Other Business Dr. Joe Powers noted that Dr. Kai Lorenzen has been participating in calls about the National SSC meeting, which will take place in 2020. More information regarding the National SSC meeting will be provided to the SSC as it becomes available. The meeting adjourned at 11:15 a.m. on March 14, 2019. Participants Standing SSC Joe Powers, Chair Luiz Barbieri Harry Blanchet via webinar Lee Anderson Benny Gallaway Bob Gill Doug Gregory via webinar Jeff Isely Walter Keithly Robert Leaf Camp Matens James Nance Will Patterson Sean Powers Ken Roberts Steven Scyphers James Tolan David Chagaris Reef Fish SSC Jason Adriance Judson Curtis John Mareska Shrimp SSC Thomas Shirley via webinar Richard Burris via webinar Peyton Cagle via webinar Mackerel SSC Jason Adriance John Mareska Kari MacLauchlin-Buck Socioeconomic SSC Kari MacLauchlin-Buck Jack Isaacs Andrew Ropicki via webinar Council Staff Matt Freeman John Froeschke Ava Lasseter Ryan Rindone Lisa Hollensead Charlotte Schiaffo Carrie Simmons Presenters Yuying Zhang, FIU Shannon Cass-Calay, NMFS Rick Hart, NMFS Council Member Tom Frazer Others Michael Drexler, OC Sue Gerhart, NMFS Roy Crabtree, NMFS Jeff Pulver, NMFS Mike Travis, NMFS Kelsi Furman, NEU Aubrey Foulk, NEU Lauren Waters, NMFS Kelli O'Donnell, NMFS Alisha Gray-DiLeone, NMFS	<urn:uuid:71eb963f-71aa-4f44-beae-cb405d3cfdb7>	CC-MAIN-2019-22	http://gulfcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/B-11-Standing-Reef-Fish-Socio-Shrimp-Mackerel-SSC-Summary-03-2019_Final.pdf	2019-05-23T01:07:32Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232256997.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20190523003453-20190523025453-00298.warc.gz	89,325,366	4,180	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.884263	eng_Latn	0.992201	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "kiu_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2894, 5997, 7773, 10273, 13627, 16500, 19261, 20317 ]
This is a message from the California Department of Education (CDE), Early Learning and Care Division (ELCD). *************************** Information on Revised August Budget Trailer Bill (Senate Bill 820) As shared in previous email messages, the CDE, ELCD has been having ongoing conversations with the Legislature and the Administration to elevate issues from the field and provide technical assistance as August Budget actions were formulated. As many of you know, at the end of June, the Legislature passed and the Governor signed Senate Bill (SB) 98, which, among other things, appropriated additional funding for addressing issues arising for the early learning and care field due to COVID-19. The SB 98 can be found at: http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB98. Since SB 98 passed, there have been other issues that have arisen, and the Legislature and the Administration expressed their intent to address those issues in August Budget Actions. Yesterday morning, August 24, 2020, the Legislature amended SB 820 to capture the agreement that has been made. Please note that this bill, although in print and available to read, is not yet law until the Legislature passes it and the Governor signs it. However, the CDE, ELCD felt it appropriate to alert you of changes that are in print in the bill. The CDE is working to develop Management Bulletins using this bill language that will be ready to release shortly after the bill is both passed by the Legislature and signed by the Governor. In some cases where specified below, the CDE will be releasing guidance via email to subscribers of the ELCD distribution list before the Management Bulletins are finalized. The email below summarizes the content of the bill as it applies to the early learning and care field. To review SB 820, please visit: http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB820. For each item, the relevant section number is mentioned for ease of navigation. Section 3: Requirements for Reopening and Reimbursement for Direct Service Contractors The CDE, ELCD sent out an email to subscribers of the ELCD distribution list on August 21, 2020, that provides guidance regarding requirements for reopening and reimbursement . Until further guidance is sent out, contractors should continue to follow the guidance set forth in the August 21 email. You will note that the email stated that the CDE, ELCD was in ongoing discussions to provide technical assistance to the Legislature and the Administration as they worked to address issues from the field around programs operating on local educational agency (LEA) campuses. SB 820 is the outcome of the discussions referenced in this email and further specifies reopening requirements for LEA and community-based organization contractors whose programs are operating on a LEA campus. Specifically, when the Legislature passes and the Governor signs SB 820, there would be language added to Education Code (EC) section 8209 that would allow programs operating on the campus of a LEA that is closed by local or state public health guidance or order to be closed and funded to be operational if the LEA is requiring the program to close. Additionally, SB 820 would require the governing board or body of the LEA requiring a closure to discuss the closure in a public hearing and prepare a plan for safely reopening early learning and care programs as soon as safely possible, but no later than when local education agency campuses open for in-person instruction. The public hearing and the plan do not need to be completed before the program closes, but must be completed in a reasonable timeframe. Section 60(d)(1)(B-C): Supports for Voucher Providers When passed by the Legislature and signed by the Governor, SB 820 would allow voucher providers to receive up to 14 paid non-operational days in addition to the current 10 paid non-operational days specified in Title 5 of the California Code of Regulations, section 18076.2(b). The bill specifies that the provider can use these days when the provider is closed due to the COVID-19 emergency anytime between September 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. In order to finance the cost of the 14 non-operational days, the bill reduces the amount of funding originally available for voucher provider stipends for economic hardships incurred as a result of COVID-19. Specifically, SB 820 redirects $31.25 million of the $62.5 million originally allocated for these stipends by SB 98, to support the cost of any dual provider payments that will be necessary as a result of providers utilizing nonoperational days and families needing to utilize alternate providers. SB 820 also would require Alternative Payment agencies to track the usage of paid, non-operational days and associated costs due to COVID-19 and report that usage to the CDE every month. Section 60(d)(1)(D): Family Fees The CDE, ELCD sent out an email to subscribers of the ELCD distribution list on July 28, 2020 that shared that family fees were waived for July and August based on an agreement from the Legislature and the Administration to address in August Budget Actions and the Superintendent's temporary waiver authority provided by EC 8209. SB 820 is the outcome of the discussions referenced in this email. When it is passed by the Legislature and signed by the Governor, it would accomplish the following related to family fees: - Waive family fees for all subsidized children in July and August 2020. - Allow families who were disenrolled, either voluntarily or involuntarily, to re-enroll without the need for additional eligibility documentation. - Waive family fees for September 2020 through June 2021 for families where all children in the family remain at home, either for distance learning or due to the family sheltering in place. (The CDE, ELCD understands 'sheltering in place' to mean situations where the family decides to shelter in place due to COVID-19 or is sheltering in place due to a state or local public health order or guidance.) - Specify that if additional federal funds are not received, child care providers will have to absorb the cost of the fee waivers for families remaining at home. Until further guidance is released, please continue to rely on the information in the July 28 email. The CDE, ELCD expects to release more guidance on family fees via an email to subscribers of the ELCD distribution within the next week. Section 70: Parent Signatures The CDE, ELCD sent out an email to subscribers of the ELCD distribution list on August 7, 2021 that shared that contractors should not withhold reimbursement to providers on the basis of attendance records and/or invoices not having a parent or guardian's signatures if the provider attempts to collect a signature and the parent or guardian is unable to sign due to the COVID-19 emergency. This guidance was based on an agreement with the Legislature and the Administration to address this issue in August Budget Actions and the Superintendent's temporary waiver authority provided by EC 8209. SB 820 is the outcome of the discussions referenced in this email. When it is passed by the Legislature and signed by the Governor, it would enable providers who have attempted to collect a signature from a parent and have been unsuccessful to be reimbursed without the parent signature between July 2020 and June 2021. Providers who submit attendance records or invoices without the parent signature must document their attempts to collect a parent or guardian signature. Section 71: Addressing Priorities for In-Person Service SB 820 directs CDE to develop guidance for direct contract programs whose ability to serve currently enrolled children is limited due to a state or local public health guidance or order related to COVID-19 which impacts group size or ratios. Specifically, the CDE is required to give guidance to contractors on how families must be prioritized for inperson early learning and care services. The bill specifies that CDE must incorporate the priorities for disenrollment found in EC 8263.3(b) and the extent to which the services are required because the parents work outside the home when determining the guidance. Finally, the bill specifies that any children not able to receive in-person early learning and care services due to a COVID-19 related group size or ratio limitation must be provided with distance learning. You have received this message because you are subscribed to an e-mail list from the California Department of Education's Early Learning and Care Division. 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Evolving U.S. Fruit Markets and Seasonal Grower Price Patterns Kristy Plattner, Agnes Perez, and Suzanne Thornsbury Abstract This paper analyzes seasonal patterns in grower prices for five major U.S. fresh fruit markets between 1980 and 2012. Seasonality (the regular pattern of price change occurring within a year) has been recognized as an important determinant of price in fresh produce. Major adjustments in fruit markets over the past 30 years include changes in production, storage, import patterns, and demand. Unique commodity and market conditions for each of these five fruit products, arising from a combination of these adjustments, have been hypothesized to affect seasonal price patterns. Several changes in seasonal price patterns are observed after grouping monthly price data into four periods (1980-89, 1990-99, 2000-09, and 2010-12). A distinct seasonal pattern is observed in fresh strawberry prices even as expanded geographical and varietal diversity has smoothed seasonal price effects. Seasonality also continues to be noticeable in fresh grape and peach prices even as imports have increased in volume and number of supplying regions. The range of monthly prices has increased for less storable produce (e.g., strawberries and peaches) relative to produce that can be stored for longer periods (e.g., apples and oranges). In several cases, the timing of high and low prices within the year has shifted. Keywords: U.S. fresh fruit, seasonality, grower prices, production, storage, imports, demand, apples, oranges, strawberries, grapes, peaches Acknowledgments The authors thank Mark Jekanowski, Maurice Landes, Catherine Greene, Donna Roberts, Gopinath Munisamy, and Gary Lucier of USDA, Economic Research Service; Donald Hinman and Barbara Maxwell of USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service; Jorge Garcia-Pratts and Fred Granja of USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service; David Stallings of USDA, World Agricultural Outlook Board; and Lisa House of the University of Florida for their comments and suggestions. We also thank ERS editor Susmita Pendurthi and ERS designer Cynthia A. Ray. Introduction There have been major changes in U.S. fresh fruit markets over the past 30 years. Strong growth in domestic and export demand for U.S. fresh fruit has encouraged significant expansion in domestic production and imports. The average fresh-market\(^1\) fruit volume produced in the United States grew 25 percent between 1980-89 and 2010-12 (to 23.2 billion pounds) at the same time that the import share of U.S. fresh fruit use (excluding bananas\(^2\)) quadrupled to 33 percent (USDA-ERS, 2013). As fresh fruit supplies and the choices of fruit and varieties available to consumers expanded, so did the potential for changes in the seasonal price patterns faced by U.S. growers. The U.S. produce sector is comprised of a wide array of individual commodity markets with different supply conditions, marketing needs, demand trends, and global linkages. Seasonality is the regular pattern of price change occurring within a year; it is the result of uneven demand, supply, or movement to market when either production or use (or both) is concentrated during particular months (Tomek and Robinson, 2003). For example, crops harvested throughout the year often exhibit less seasonality in their prices than crops harvested only once a year. Demand surges for particular foods, often associated with a holiday, typically exacerbate seasonality in those markets. Storage or imports can enable a more even distribution of supplies during the year, smoothing seasonal price effects. Shifts in grower price patterns for a specific market could reflect adjustments in domestic production, storage, import patterns, or demand.\(^3\) Knowledge of seasonal price behavior—the typical timing and levels of seasonal highs and lows within a year and their reliability—is important in understanding these commodity markets. Keeping informed of changes in seasonal price behavior may serve as a tool in forming accurate analysis and market projections, effective marketing strategies, and sound policy decisions. This paper examines changes in seasonal grower price patterns in five major U.S. fresh fruit markets between 1980 and 2012. Fresh strawberries, apples, oranges, peaches, and grapes are the commodities selected for analysis based on the ranking of U.S. fresh-market value of production and the availability of monthly price data. Monthly grower price data reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) are used to address three fundamental economic questions: • What are the factors that may have influenced seasonal patterns of grower prices, and is there evidence of differences among these fresh fruit markets? • Have there been adjustments in the timing of high and low grower prices throughout the year? • Have there been shifts in the magnitude of seasonal changes in grower prices? \(^1\)Fresh market refers to the portion of production directed for fresh use, with the remaining balance used for processing. \(^2\)Imports account for virtually all U.S. banana supplies, with annual volumes almost half of total fresh fruit imports in the United States. \(^3\)Consumer prices are not explicit in this analysis, but relatively short fresh-fruit supply chains suggest that grower prices may be more closely correlated with consumer prices in these markets than they would be for more processed food products. There have been many changes in fresh fruit markets over the past 30 years that may have influenced shifts in seasonal price patterns, including adjustments in imports, production, storage, and demand. Unique commodity and market conditions lead impacts from each of these factors to vary over time and between markets. Fruit that can be supplied evenly throughout the year, either through domestic production or imports, is less likely to demonstrate strong seasonality. Demand, either domestic or export, that is more evenly distributed over time can also smooth seasonal price patterns. Domestic Production Domestic production practices for many crops have changed to distribute supplies more evenly throughout the year, including increased production volume (strawberries, grapes), greater intensity of production (apples, oranges), extended domestic growing areas (strawberries), and adoption of new varieties (strawberries, apples). These changes were targeted, at least in part, to take advantage of higher prices and/or extend seasons. Fresh domestic strawberry supplies have expanded over the last three decades. Annual production exceeded 2.0 billion pounds in every year since 2003, more than double the average production levels from the 1980s (fig. 1). Strawberries are grown throughout the United States, but commercial acreage and production is concentrated in California (almost 90 percent of the total U.S. crop between 2003 and 2012). Production in Florida accounts for an additional 8 percent, which is supplied during the winter months.\(^4\) Growers in both Florida and California extended their production seasons during the 1990s and 2000s through a mix of new varieties and expanded planting regions. Prior to 1990, strawberry varieties in commercial production were primarily developed by the University of California to ripen in March and April under West Coast conditions (Chandler, 2003). In 1992, the Sweet Charlie variety was developed specifically for Florida’s growing conditions, producing higher yields during winter months and enabling Florida to build a market presence during the seasonal high-price period. California strawberry producers also invested in new varieties and expanded production across the State to extend the growing season. Diverse growing regions enable 12-month production in California, even as the majority of the State’s volume is harvested between February and October. Increased acreage planted in California’s Salinas-Watsonville growing district in the north expanded spring and summer production. Varieties better adapted to cold weather were also introduced to California’s southern growing districts, allowing harvest several weeks earlier and increasing volume during January and February. In 1994, a second planting and harvest season was implemented in the southern growing districts, adding supply in September through early November (Han et al., 1999). Over the same period, the U.S. apple industry increased the volume and intensity of production and diversified both its varietal profile and products (e.g., introduction of fresh sliced apples). Despite some annual fluctuations, fresh-market production increased from 4.9 billion pounds in 1980-81 to a \(^4\)Many smaller U.S. production areas (e.g., North Carolina, Oregon, and Michigan) harvest in late spring and early summer. While these additional production areas are not large contributors to the total domestic supply, they can displace some sales from California during May and June (Woods et al., 2006). record 6.6 billion pounds in 2004-05.\(^5\) Production has since remained at or above 6.0 billion pounds each year as growers moved to highly intensive production systems. Planted acreage decreased over time, but trees per acre increased with the use of smaller trees for easier harvest. On average across all varieties, plantings in Washington State increased from slightly less than 200 trees per acre in 1986 to approximately 262 trees per acre in 1993, 434 trees per acre in 2006, and 562 trees per acre in 2011 (USDA-NASS, Washington Field Office, 2006 and 2011).\(^6\) U.S. apple growers began planting new varieties in the 1980s and made significant shifts in the varietal mix by the mid-1990s.\(^7\) Red Delicious, a traditional apple variety, is still the most widely produced apple (i.e., greatest annual volume) in the United States, but its share of total production has declined dramatically. Gala apples have superseded Golden Delicious as the second most widely produced apple variety in the country, and Fuji now ranks fourth. Domestic production of Fuji and Gala was initially intended to enhance export opportunities, especially in East Asia where these two varieties are popular. More recently, a combination of varietal diversification and new strategy --- \(^5\)Marketing years for each fruit commodity are different: strawberries and peaches follow a calendar year (January-December), apples are marketed August-July, grapes are marketed May-April, and oranges are marketed November-October. \(^6\)Apples are grown widely throughout the United States, but Washington State is the leading domestic source of fresh apples (approximately 70 percent of the national crop). \(^7\)For example, in 2011, 26 percent of Washington State’s apple acreage was Red Delicious, but this acreage accounted for only 15 percent of the trees (USDA-NASS, Washington Field Office, 2011). Over 50 percent of the Red Delicious acreage was planted prior to 1991, with only 4 percent planted in 2006 or later. In the same year, 20 percent of Washington’s apple acreage and 22.5 percent of the trees were planted to Gala. Over 25 percent of the Gala acreage was planted between 1996 and 2000, and 16 percent was planted after 2005. Likewise, 16.5 percent of the acreage and 23 percent of the trees were planted to Fuji, with 27 percent of the plantings between 1991 and 1995 and an additional 29 percent in 2006 or later. in supply management was introduced in the form of club varieties (which are patent protected). Producers with exclusive license to grow a specific apple variety (e.g., Ambrosia, Jazz™, Pacific Rose™) control the quality, quantity, and uniqueness of the variety to capture premium prices (Brown and Maloney, 2013; Carew et al., 2012). Except for occasional weather-induced crop losses, U.S. fresh orange supplies have remained relatively stable since 1980 even as acreage declined and production area became more concentrated. Overall, domestic orange acreage fell by 21 percent between 2002 and 2007 (USDA-NASS, 2007). Across all States, the conversion of some orange acreage to specialty citrus varieties, competition for available land from urban development and large-scale water projects, and disease outbreaks have all put pressure on U.S. acreage planted to oranges (U.S. ITC, 2006; Johnston and McCalla, 2004).\(^8\) At the same time, orchard concentration has increased to incorporate high-density, high-yield plantings, improved orchard management, and greater irrigation efficiency. Thus, production has declined at a slower rate than planted acreage (U.S. ITC, 2006).\(^9\) U.S. production of oranges is limited to California and Florida, with small additional amounts in Arizona and Texas, due to freeze intolerance. California is the main producer of fresh oranges with 85 to 90 percent of U.S. navel orange production (USDA-NASS, Citrus Fruits, 1979-2013). Historically, the California orange industry was concentrated in Southern California, with 80 percent of production in the region in 1950 (Johnston and McCalla, 2004). Prior to 1980, fresh orange production moved northward to the eastern San Joaquin Valley, where acreage rose by 85,000 acres between 1950 and 1975. In 2000, 82 percent of California’s harvested acreage was located in the San Joaquin Valley and, by 2012, the San Joaquin Valley’s Tulare County accounted for 51 percent of total State bearing acreage (Johnston and McCalla, 2004; California Department of Food and Agriculture, 2012). In contrast, Orange County, located in Southern California, had over 60,000 acres of oranges in 1950, but only 115 acres remained by 2000. Though fresh grapes are grown throughout the United States, 99 percent of commercial volume is produced in California.\(^{10}\) Domestic fresh grape production has increased from 1.4 billion pounds during the 1980s to an average of almost 2.0 billion pounds between 2010 and 2012. Like strawberries, grapes are produced in California in multiple growing regions. Harvest begins in May in the desert areas, which supply the early-season market through mid-July. Harvesting from California’s main production region (the San Joaquin Valley) begins in July and lasts through mid-December. Supplies from other States generally enter the market between August and October. National supply volume is noticeably heaviest from July through November, slowing down in December as the domestic harvest ends. --- \(^8\)For example, in contrast to declining orange consumption, tangerine per capita use reached a record 3.97 pounds per person in 2010-11 as production more than doubled since 1980. An example of pressure on available acreage is the development of the Delta-Mendota Canal in the Central Valley of California. Developing production risks from disease outbreaks have been highly visible (Kuchment, 2013). Citrus greening (Huanglongbing, HLB) is a devastating bacterial disease spread by the Asian citrus psyllid with no cure identified. While all commercial citrus acreage in Florida was reported to be infected in 2013, only the psyllid (not the disease) had been reported in California as of July 2013. \(^9\)Fresh orange utilized production was at 4,033 million pounds in the 1980-81 marketing year (November – October), peaked at 5,366 million pounds in 1997-98, and then declined to 4,635 million pounds in 2011-12. \(^{10}\)Table grapes make up about 80 percent of California’s fresh crop, with the remainder sold for wine and raisin production. Washington, New York, Pennsylvania, and Michigan are relatively important grape-producing States that primarily serve the juice- and wine-processing markets. Domestic peach production for the fresh market has remained consistent at about 1.1 million pounds since 1980, and there has been little change in the timing of harvest. Production is concentrated in California, with approximately 75 percent of the national peach crop each year. The harvest of California’s fresh-market peaches begins as early as mid-April, but volumes are quite limited until mid-May and are often too low to establish a price. South Carolina, Georgia, and New Jersey follow with a combined production share of about 15 percent, supplying primarily the fresh fruit market. Unlike for some other fruit commodities, these three States have been able to establish a location identity for fresh peaches, with consumers displaying a strong sense of regional recognition (Raper et al., 2009). Since 1980, over 70 percent of annual domestic shipments have occurred between June and August. Shipment volume drops rapidly in September and continues to average 5 percent or less of the annual total through October and November. Storage While storage periods have likely been extended since 1980 for all fruits through the use of more advanced atmospheric control systems in storage and transport facilities and varietal innovations, notable differences remain (table 1). Perishability varies significantly among fresh fruit commodities, and those with relatively shorter shelf lives tend to demonstrate stronger seasonal price patterns (e.g., strawberries). Among the five fruit commodities in this report, post-harvest cold storage shelf-life varies from 5-10 days for strawberries to 2-7 months for apples (USDA-AMS, 2004). Advancements in storage technology have impacted the year-round supply distribution for apples and oranges the most. U.S. apples are harvested between August and November, but the ability to store apples for a long period allows an evenly sustained release of supplies to market (which mitigates seasonal price variability). Packing and shipping commences as soon as harvest begins; as harvest volumes increase, fruit is typically placed in storage and the fruit is continually brought to market (Schotzko and Granatstein, 2004). The average volume of apples in storage has increased in each decade since the 1980s even as the seasonal pattern of storage volume, driven by production seasons and shelf life, has remained consistent (fig. 2). Although varietal differences exist, the aggregate post-harvest storage life of apples is estimated to be 2-7 months, and minimal fruit is carried forward into the next marketing year. The combination of new varieties with later harvest dates and the increased use of more sophisticated storage technology have enabled the industry to move apples later in the marketing season. \| Fruit \| Time period \| \|----------------\|-------------\| \| Strawberry \| 5-10 days \| \| Peach \| 2-4 weeks \| \| Orange \| 2-6 weeks \| \| Grape (American)\| 3-8 weeks \| \| Apple \| 2-7 months \| Notes: Oranges have on-tree storage potential of several months; storage time cited is specific to California oranges. American grapes are table grapes which have shorter storage time than wine grapes. Source: USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, Agricultural Export Transportation Handbook 700, 2004. Advances in cold storage and transport have increased post-harvest shelf life for fresh oranges, but the fruit can generally withstand only 6-12 weeks of cold storage before degrading (Ladaniya, 2008). Approximate post-harvest storage for oranges primarily targeted to the fresh market is even shorter at 2-6 weeks. Among the commodities in this report, on-tree storage is unique to oranges. The fruit can be left on tree up to several months, ripening slowly, and will not soften or abscise because it is non-climacteric.\(^{11}\) At times, either growers themselves or prorated delivery schedules within citrus cooperatives will use on-tree storage to manage the harvest and flow of the product to the market (Jacobs, 1994). Import Patterns Imports, which have increased in volume and changed supply regions over time, have helped bolster the year-round availability of fresh fruit in the United States. U.S. imports of all fresh fruit commodities (excluding bananas) increased from 7.6 percent of domestic use in the 1980s to over 33 percent of domestic use between 2010 and 2012 (USDA-ERS, 2013). Imports are counter-seasonal for many fresh produce commodities, often filling gaps in domestic supply and reducing price fluctuations during periods when domestic supplies are not available (Huang, 2013). Since 1980, import penetration has increased notably in grapes and strawberries; however, the average share of imports remains below 10 percent for strawberries, apples, and peaches after 2010 (table 2). Although the \(^{11}\)Fruits, vegetables, and nuts are classified as climacteric or non-climacteric. Climacteric fruits will ripen after harvest (i.e., apples) due to the expiration of ethylene gas, while non-climacteric fruits respire little or no ethylene gas. Thus, non-climacteric fruits mature slowly and only while attached to the plant; the fruit does not ripen after harvest. ### Table 2 Average monthly and annual share of domestic and import shipment volumes in the United States \| Period \| Jan. \| Feb. \| Mar. \| Apr. \| May \| Jun. \| Jul. \| Aug. \| Sep. \| Oct. \| Nov. \| Dec. \| Average annual share of total volume \| \|--------------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|-------------------------------------\| \| Fresh strawberries \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Domestic \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 1980-89 \| 1.7 \| 3.6 \| 11.8 \| 24.7 \| 24.5 \| 13.2 \| 7.8 \| 5.5 \| 3.7 \| 1.8 \| 0.7 \| 0.9 \| 96.8 \| \| 1990-99 \| 2.5 \| 4.1 \| 10.2 \| 19.2 \| 19.2 \| 13.6 \| 11.0 \| 7.5 \| 5.8 \| 4.1 \| 1.5 \| 1.4 \| 95.4 \| \| 2000-09 \| 3.7 \| 5.1 \| 11.0 \| 15.3 \| 16.9 \| 14.0 \| 11.1 \| 8.2 \| 5.9 \| 4.6 \| 2.2 \| 1.9 \| 93.4 \| \| 2010-12 \| 3.1 \| 5.5 \| 10.2 \| 13.0 \| 15.0 \| 14.0 \| 11.9 \| 9.4 \| 7.7 \| 5.3 \| 2.5 \| 2.4 \| 90.8 \| \| Imports from Mexico¹ \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 1980-89 \| 9.6 \| 10.0 \| 13.4 \| 21.7 \| 15.4 \| 9.6 \| 2.8 \| 2.3 \| 1.0 \| 1.2 \| 5.3 \| 7.4 \| 3.2 \| \| 1990-99 \| 7.5 \| 10.4 \| 22.2 \| 24.1 \| 16.3 \| 10.9 \| 2.8 \| 0.0 \| 0.0 \| 0.2 \| 1.8 \| 3.8 \| 4.6 \| \| 2000-09 \| 13.2 \| 14.4 \| 21.8 \| 19.9 \| 9.4 \| 6.7 \| 3.2 \| 0.1 \| 0.1 \| 1.1 \| 3.8 \| 6.3 \| 6.6 \| \| 2010-12 \| 18.1 \| 20.0 \| 21.4 \| 17.0 \| 3.9 \| 0.1 \| 0.0 \| 0.0 \| 0.0 \| 2.4 \| 6.6 \| 10.4 \| 9.2 \| \| Fresh apples \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Domestic \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 1980-89 \| 10.0 \| 9.4 \| 10.0 \| 9.2 \| 7.4 \| 4.6 \| 3.8 \| 4.1 \| 7.2 \| 11.5 \| 10.9 \| 11.8 \| 93.1 \| \| 1990-99 \| 9.4 \| 9.1 \| 9.8 \| 8.5 \| 8.0 \| 5.8 \| 5.3 \| 5.5 \| 7.4 \| 10.5 \| 10.3 \| 10.4 \| 93.4 \| \| 2000-09 \| 9.6 \| 9.1 \| 10.6 \| 8.6 \| 7.8 \| 5.7 \| 4.6 \| 5.4 \| 8.0 \| 10.2 \| 10.1 \| 10.2 \| 92.8 \| \| 2010-12 \| 10.7 \| 9.1 \| 9.7 \| 8.5 \| 7.6 \| 5.6 \| 4.7 \| 4.3 \| 7.8 \| 11.2 \| 9.8 \| 11.0 \| 93.2 \| \| Imports \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 1980-89 \| 5.0 \| 5.1 \| 9.5 \| 14.3 \| 18.5 \| 15.2 \| 9.4 \| 2.9 \| 2.6 \| 4.9 \| 6.8 \| 5.6 \| 6.9 \| \| 1990-99 \| 3.4 \| 3.6 \| 8.4 \| 14.6 \| 19.7 \| 14.1 \| 8.5 \| 5.1 \| 4.4 \| 8.7 \| 5.7 \| 3.7 \| 6.6 \| \| 2000-09 \| 2.6 \| 2.5 \| 7.8 \| 12.6 \| 18.9 \| 19.4 \| 18.3 \| 7.3 \| 1.9 \| 2.8 \| 3.4 \| 2.6 \| 7.2 \| \| 2010-12 \| 1.2 \| 1.1 \| 4.2 \| 9.3 \| 14.3 \| 22.9 \| 27.1 \| 13.0 \| 1.6 \| 1.9 \| 1.8 \| 1.5 \| 6.8 \| \| Fresh oranges² \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Domestic \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 1980-89 \| 9.9 \| 9.7 \| 11.7 \| 12.0 \| 10.8 \| 6.3 \| 4.8 \| 4.2 \| 4.2 \| 4.9 \| 8.5 \| 12.8 \| 99.1 \| \| 1990-99 \| 10.1 \| 10.2 \| 11.8 \| 11.4 \| 10.8 \| 6.5 \| 3.4 \| 2.9 \| 3.5 \| 5.9 \| 9.2 \| 14.4 \| 97.0 \| \| 2000-09 \| 12.1 \| 10.0 \| 10.8 \| 10.0 \| 8.4 \| 5.6 \| 1.7 \| 1.5 \| 2.0 \| 7.6 \| 12.9 \| 17.5 \| 83.2 \| \| 2010-12 \| 12.1 \| 10.6 \| 12.2 \| 10.8 \| 8.2 \| 6.0 \| 2.0 \| 1.5 \| 2.1 \| 6.2 \| 12.6 \| 15.5 \| 78.8 \| \| Imports \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 1980-89 \| 13.8 \| 16.6 \| 12.7 \| 10.8 \| 7.0 \| 6.2 \| 3.1 \| 2.6 \| 1.5 \| 5.5 \| 7.2 \| 12.8 \| 0.9 \| \| 1990-99 \| 6.4 \| 9.5 \| 11.6 \| 15.0 \| 10.3 \| 5.7 \| 12.5 \| 18.6 \| 3.7 \| 1.4 \| 1.2 \| 3.9 \| 3.0 \| \| 2000-09 \| 3.1 \| 3.5 \| 6.9 \| 5.7 \| 3.9 \| 4.0 \| 20.4 \| 24.5 \| 15.9 \| 9.4 \| 0.7 \| 2.0 \| 16.8 \| \| 2010-12 \| 2.8 \| 2.3 \| 2.4 \| 1.8 \| 2.5 \| 3.2 \| 17.1 \| 32.0 \| 18.7 \| 14.3 \| 1.6 \| 1.3 \| 21.2 \| Continued### Table 2 Average monthly and annual share of domestic and import shipment volumes in the United States \| Period \| Jan. \| Feb. \| Mar. \| Apr. \| May \| Jun. \| Jul. \| Aug. \| Sep. \| Oct. \| Nov. \| Dec. \| Average annual share of total volume \| \|--------------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|------\|-------------------------------------\| \| Fresh peaches \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Domestic \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 1980-89 \| --- \| --- \| --- \| 0.1 \| 9.6 \| 24.2 \| 27.8 \| 25.3 \| 12.1 \| 0.8 \| 0.0 \| --- \| 93.1 \| \| 1990-99 \| --- \| --- \| --- \| 0.4 \| 11.5 \| 23.2 \| 26.6 \| 25.2 \| 11.3 \| 1.6 \| 0.1 \| --- \| 87.9 \| \| 2000-09 \| --- \| --- \| --- \| 0.2 \| 9.8 \| 22.0 \| 25.6 \| 25.6 \| 13.8 \| 2.8 \| 0.1 \| --- \| 90.5 \| \| 2010-12 \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| 8.0 \| 22.1 \| 26.8 \| 24.1 \| 13.7 \| 5.2 \| 0.0 \| --- \| 92.6 \| \| Imports \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 1980-89 \| 22.7 \| 31.9 \| 23.1 \| 8.1 \| 2.1 \| 0.2 \| 0.0 \| 0.4 \| 0.5 \| 0.1 \| 0.2 \| 10.6 \| 6.9 \| \| 1990-99 \| 35.8 \| 32.2 \| 15.1 \| 0.4 \| 0.0 \| 0.0 \| 0.0 \| 0.7 \| 0.7 \| 0.0 \| 1.2 \| 13.8 \| 12.1 \| \| 2000-09 \| 31.6 \| 24.3 \| 20.8 \| 2.0 \| 0.9 \| 0.9 \| 0.8 \| 1.3 \| 1.5 \| 0.7 \| 2.4 \| 12.7 \| 9.5 \| \| 2010-12 \| 30.9 \| 35.5 \| 18.2 \| 3.1 \| 1.8 \| 0.0 \| 0.1 \| 0.9 \| 0.6 \| 0.0 \| 0.1 \| 8.8 \| 7.4 \| \| Fresh grapes \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Domestic \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 1980-89 \| 2.4 \| 0.7 \| 0.3 \| 0.1 \| 2.9 \| 10.2 \| 14.3 \| 20.4 \| 18.0 \| 13.3 \| 10.4 \| 6.9 \| 75.0 \| \| 1990-99 \| 0.7 \| 0.1 \| 0.0 \| 0.0 \| 3.5 \| 9.1 \| 13.6 \| 20.6 \| 18.6 \| 15.5 \| 12.6 \| 5.6 \| 64.2 \| \| 2000-09 \| 0.6 \| 0.1 \| 0.0 \| 0.2 \| 2.8 \| 6.1 \| 13.6 \| 21.0 \| 19.4 \| 17.0 \| 13.0 \| 6.1 \| 55.0 \| \| 2010-12 \| 0.6 \| 0.1 \| 0.0 \| 0.0 \| 1.6 \| 4.2 \| 9.4 \| 19.6 \| 21.2 \| 19.8 \| 15.8 \| 7.8 \| 35.6 \| \| Imports \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 1980-89 \| 5.9 \| 15.7 \| 22.3 \| 26.0 \| 13.6 \| 9.7 \| 1.9 \| 0.0 \| 2.0 \| 0.8 \| 0.1 \| 2.0 \| 25.0 \| \| 1990-99 \| 15.9 \| 22.4 \| 23.8 \| 13.5 \| 7.1 \| 9.0 \| 0.9 \| 0.1 \| 0.4 \| 0.3 \| 0.2 \| 6.3 \| 35.8 \| \| 2000-09 \| 15.4 \| 19.1 \| 21.9 \| 14.8 \| 8.0 \| 12.6 \| 0.9 \| 0.0 \| 0.4 \| 0.9 \| 0.8 \| 5.2 \| 45.0 \| \| 2010-12 \| 16.9 \| 17.6 \| 25.5 \| 17.5 \| 6.3 \| 6.6 \| 0.6 \| 0.1 \| 0.3 \| 1.4 \| 2.0 \| 5.4 \| 64.4 \| -- Zero shipments reported. 1 Comprise virtually all U.S. strawberry import volume. 2 Beginning in 1994, California Citrus Mutual stopped reporting fresh orange shipment volumes to Agricultural Marketing Services Market News, resulting in the decline in reported domestic shipment volumes despite relatively stable fresh production. Source: USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service, Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Shipments, by Commodities, States and Months, 1980-2012. import share remains low for fresh apples and oranges, a change in supply regions has shifted the timing of their entry into U.S. markets. The market share of fresh grape imports to the United States has grown notably, from less than 10 percent of domestic use in the 1970s to over 40 percent since the 2000s (USDA-ERS, 2013). Imports primarily supplement domestic supplies during the off-season, with over 70 percent of total U.S. fresh grape import volume occurring counter-seasonally from January through April. The majority (75 percent) of fresh grape imports come from Chile (fig. 3), where exports to the United States rose from over 600 million pounds per year in the 1990s to over 900 million pounds since 2000. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in the mid-1990s, Mexico has also increased fresh grape exports to the United States, with supplies entering during the early months of the domestic marketing season (May-June). In years when Chile has a big crop or late harvest, supplies overlap with imports from Mexico. Although imports during May and June may be reduced relative to the off-season, higher-than-normal supplies during peak domestic production periods (June-August) can reduce grower prices. While imports are important to the U.S. market for fresh grapes, they remain a small (but growing) part of fresh strawberry use in the United States, with import volume concentrated in the winter and early spring. Approximately 32 million pounds of strawberries were imported in 1990, rising to --- 12 Import shares for oranges are overestimated in table 2 due to domestic shipments being underestimated since 1994—a California grower association stopped reporting shipment volumes to AMS, reducing total reported domestic shipment volumes. 13 In general, fresh grape imports enter the United States tariff free from the end of the marketing year (in April) through June. just over 350 million pounds in 2012; however, this is still only 14 percent of all fresh strawberries available for domestic use in the United States (USDA-ERS, 2013). Mexico has been the primary source of fresh strawberries since 1989 and has supplied virtually all U.S. imports since 2000. Fresh strawberries from Mexico typically enter the United States between December and June, with peak volume in March and April. Since 2010, these imports have been somewhat less seasonally concentrated as shipments became stronger from October to April (compared with the previous three decades). At the same time, import shipments were down in the peak domestic summer months (May and June). Similarly, imports play a minor (but still growing) role in total domestic apple consumption. Less than 10 percent of the U.S. fresh apple supply was imported between 2010 and 2012, but import volumes increased from over 100 million pounds in the early 1980s to a record 473 million pounds in 2003-04, with succeeding-year volumes in the range of 300 million to 400 million pounds (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014). There has also been a shift in the supply source even as imports remain largely counter-seasonal to domestic production. In the 1990s, Canada and New Zealand were the primary suppliers of U.S. imports, while the Chilean share was only about 20 percent. During this period, Chilean apple imports entered the United States mostly in April and May. Chile’s fruit industry matured in the 1990s, however, with production and varieties heavily oriented towards meeting the growing demand for off-season fruit in the Northern Hemisphere. Chile currently supplies approximately 60 percent of imported fresh apples to the United States, and New Zealand, Canada, and Argentina provide most of the remaining 40 percent. As the Chilean varietal mix shifted, June and July import volumes increased (World Apple Review, 2004) and the peak period for all U.S. fresh apple imports moved to later in the season (May to July). While still accounting for less than 5 percent of total utilized domestic production, fresh orange imports increased from 26 million pounds in 1989-90 to a record 263 million pounds in 2011-12 and, like apples, the source of supply shifted (USDA-ERS, 2013). Increased use of controlled atmospheric storage, advancements in post-harvest treatment, and improved transportation technology supported the increase in fresh orange imports (U.S. ITC, 2006). In the 1980s, import volumes were heaviest from December through April, and Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and other small producers located near the United States were the primary suppliers. By the 1990s, domestic firms entered into multiple agreements with international suppliers to maintain year-round orange supplies. South Africa, Australia, and Chile became major suppliers and import volumes moved later into the domestic off-season to capture higher prices. In the 1990s, imports peaked in August; by the 2000s, the majority of import volume entered from July through September. Of the five fruit commodities covered, import patterns have exhibited the least change in peaches. Import share remains low, at less than 9 percent of total supply (on average) since 1980 (table 2), although volume has increased from an average 50 million pounds in the 1980s to over 120 million pounds during the 2000s (USDA-ERS, 2013). Over 95 percent of fresh peach imports come from Chile, where production is counter-seasonal to the United States. Though imports and domestic supply overlap at the beginning and end of the U.S. production season, volume in these periods remains thin relative to demand. Only limited amounts of imported fresh peaches are available through the summer months.\(^{14}\) Since the mid-1990s, there have also been slight increases in peach imports from Canada, Mexico, and a few other Central and South American countries. \(^{14}\)Beginning in 2002, a seasonal import tariff of 0.2 cents per kilogram for fresh peaches was imposed from June 1 to November 30, corresponding with the U.S. peach harvest season. Demand Seasonal grower price patterns are also influenced by domestic and global demand. Demand surges for particular foods, often associated with a holiday, typically exacerbate seasonality in those markets. While not a direct measure of month-to-month consumption, increasing annual per capita use does signal greater total domestic use over the course of a year. For example, per capita fresh strawberry use in the United States grew from 1.97 pounds in 1980 to 7.86 pounds in 2011-12—a 300-percent increase (fig. 4). Demand for U.S. fresh grapes has also trended up over time even as the average annual rate of growth has slowed since the 1990s. In the 1980s, annual increases in per capita domestic fresh grape use averaged 9 percent, declining to less than 1 percent since the 1990s. In contrast, per capita use of peaches, apples, and oranges has trended downward—per capita consumption of fresh peaches and nectarines was 5.20 pounds in the 1970s, reached a high of 7.08 pounds in 1980, and has since declined. Per capita consumption of fresh apples was 19.2 pounds in the 1980-81 marketing year, rose to a high of 21.2 in 1989-90, and fell to 15.3 pounds per person by 2011-12.\(^{15}\) Domestic per capita consumption of fresh oranges has also waned, bottoming out at 7.5 pounds in 2006 from a high of 15 pounds in 1982. The presence of alternative outlets (i.e., exports, processing) can act to smooth domestic demand patterns for fresh produce. With the exception of strawberries, exports are a growing outlet for the fruit commodities in this report. On average, close to 40 percent of the domestic fresh grape crop --- \(^{15}\)In comparison, per capita use of processed apple products from domestic and imported sources (converted to a fresh-weight basis) was approximately 24, 28, and 30 pounds per capita in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, respectively. Market conditions and price trends for processed apple products vary, with growth in per capita consumption of some products (e.g., juice, cider, apple slices), decline in consumption of other products (e.g., canned, frozen), and a significant increase in the share of imports. has been exported annually since 2000—an increase from the relatively steady average share of 30 percent between 1970 and 1999. Approximately 90 percent of total export volume is shipped between July and December (during peak U.S. harvest). Use of fresh U.S. apples in international markets has also increased. International markets absorbed 28 percent of domestic fresh apple production on average between 2007-08 and 2011-12, up from slightly over 10 percent during the 1980s. Exports of fresh peaches increased more gradually; on average, 15 percent of utilized production was exported annually between 2000 and 2012, compared to only 7 percent in the 1980s and 11 percent in the 1990s. The share of fresh orange exports increased very gradually, from an average of 28 percent in the 1980s to 33 percent since 2007-08. Like domestic availability, exports are tied to U.S. production patterns and are highly seasonal. Processed product markets are an additional outlet for some commodities. The presence of a large processed-product market for apples (e.g., juice, canned, dried, frozen) helped absorb the increased availability of domestic production and imports since the 1980s.\(^{16}\) Grapes for fresh use account for only about 13 percent of total U.S. utilized production, but fresh grape grower prices are typically higher than those for processing use (Boriss et al., 2011). Unlike for apples and oranges, the processed product market does not provide a large outlet for peaches, and utilization in the canned peach market has steadily declined.\(^{17}\) Likewise, while a large juice market exists for oranges, some varieties of oranges (e.g., navel oranges) are targeted to the fresh market and some (e.g., Valencia oranges) are targeted to the processed markets, and these markets are largely distinct.\(^{18}\) \(^{16}\)Over half of U.S. apple production is utilized in the fresh market (56 percent, 57 percent, and 65 percent on average during the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, respectively). Although declining in total share over the past three decades, processed products still account for over 33 percent of U.S. apple utilization. \(^{17}\)Peach varieties are broadly classified by how firmly the flesh attaches to the pit. In freestone peach varieties, the pit is more easily pulled away from the fruit flesh. Clingstone peaches are typically firmer varieties, where the flesh inside the peach tends to cling to the pit. Typically, freestone peach varieties enter the fresh market while clingstone varieties are targeted for the processing market. \(^{18}\)Navel oranges are primarily consumed fresh due to sweetness and ease of peeling. They are rarely used for juicing as the fruit develops bitterness during processing and is less juicy than other varieties. Valencia oranges have the high juice content and flavor profile preferred by the juice market, but are also consumed fresh in smaller volumes. Simple statistical techniques and graphical analysis are used in this paper to evaluate adjustments in seasonal price patterns based on nominal monthly grower price data from 1979 to 2012.\(^{19}\) In addition to seasonality, additional random (stochastic) and nonrandom factors influence observed produce prices (Tomek and Robinson, 2003). Price trends showing upward movement over time are evident for fruit commodities (fig. 5). Price cycles are typically related to lags between the decision to enter or leave a market and the actual change in output levels (Rosen et al., 1994; Dieci and Westerhoff, 2010). Four of the five fruit commodities included in this report are perennial crops with multi-year production lags that have the potential to generate price cycles. Further, random price movements result from stochastic shifts in supply and demand, which are influenced by weather or other shocks (e.g., a food safety scare). Figure 5 Trend in Producer Price Index, 1980-2012 Notes: All includes fresh fruit and melons, fresh and dried vegetables, and tree nuts. The Producer Price Index (PPI) is a weighted index of prices measured at the wholesale or producer level. Trend in PPI is significant at the 1-percent level for the aggregate index as well as for strawberries, apples, and peaches. PPI trend is significant at the 5-percent level for oranges and insignificant for the shorter fresh grape time series. The time series is a data series of values of a quantity obtained at successive times, often with equal intervals between them. Source: USDA, Economic Research Service calculations using data from U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2013. \(^{19}\)Monthly prices used for each of the commodities reflect the all-fresh-fruit grower price (USDA-NASS, Agricultural Prices, 1979-2013). U.S.-level prices are used for all fruits except for fresh orange grower prices, which represent the fresh-on-tree-equivalent price in California (supplier of 88 percent of U.S. fresh-market oranges). The fruit prices reflect a weighted U.S. average for nonorganic fruit. NASS reports fresh peach grower prices only for the months of May through September and fresh grape grower prices only for the months of May through December. Fresh-market grapes include mostly table grapes but also wine and raisin grapes sold for fresh use. Grower prices for grapes are only available from 1995 to 2012. In order to disentangle seasonal price effects from trend, cyclical, and random price movements, a monthly grower price index for each commodity is calculated following the method established by Houck (1974) and Buxton (1988). In this approach, monthly nominal grower prices are divided by the corresponding centered moving average commodity price to create a monthly price index value for each period.\(^{20}\) By construction, the mean will approach 100 when monthly index values are averaged for a given year (in contrast to averaging values for the same month across years). The difference between maximum and minimum index values within the year (i.e., the range) represents the magnitude of yearly price changes. For example, in 1980, the fresh strawberry grower price index varied between 75 (minimum in April) and 120 (maximum in February) for a price index swing of 45. In 2012, the price index varied between 66 and 175 for a difference of 109. Monthly price index values are averaged by decade (i.e., January 1980-99, 1990-99, 2000-09, and 2010-12) and serve as the basis for the graphs in fig. 6 of seasonal price patterns. Annual maximum and minimum price index values are also averaged by decade. The resulting range provides an indication of magnitude for seasonal grower price fluctuation in each of the four periods. T-tests are used to assess statistical significance of the observed differences across the four periods. \(^{20}\)See appendix for a sample calculation of the price index. Figure 6 Monthly seasonal patterns in grower price index for strawberries, apples, peaches, oranges, and grapes, 1980-2012 Strawberry Percent 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2012 Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. 1 Maximum statistically different from 2000-09 (10%); minimum statistically different from 1990-99 (10%) and 2000-09 (1%); range statistically different from 1980-89 and 1990-99 (5%) and from 2000-09. Apple Percent 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2012 Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. 1 Range statistically different from 1980-89 (5%). 2 Maximum statistically different from 1980-89 (1%), 1990-99, and 2000-09 (5%); minimum statistically different than 1980-89 (5%), 1990-99, and 2000-09 (1%); range statistically different than 1980-89, 1990-99, and 2000-09. Peach Percent 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2012 Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. 1 Peach grower prices are only reported from May through September. 2 Maximum statistically different from 2000-09 (10%); range statistically different from 1980-89 (1%) and from 1990-99 and 2000-09 (5%). Grape Percent 1996-1999 2000-2009 2010-2012 Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. 1 Grape grower prices only for the months of May through December and are only available from 1995 to 2012. During May in 2010-12 period, insufficient number of reports to establish a price. 2 Minimum statistically different from 1990-99 (10%); range statistically different from 1990-99 (5%). 3 Maximum statistically different from 2000-09 (5%); minimum statistically different from 1990-99 (10%) and 2000-09 (1%); range statistically different from 2000-09 (5%). Orange Percent 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2012 Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. 1 Maximum statistically different from 1980-89 (5%), 1990-99, and 2000-09 (1%); minimum and range statistically different from 1980-89, 1990-99, and 2000-09 (1%). Source: USDA, Economic Research Service calculations based on USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Agricultural Prices, 1979-2013. Findings Similarities in seasonal grower price patterns across markets and changes over time The presence of seasonal grower price patterns in fresh produce has been well documented in the literature (Anonymous, 1958; USDA-AMS, 1961; Houck, 1974; Buxton, 1988; Canova and Hansen, 1995; Arnade et al., 2005; Huang and Huang, 2012). Strawberry, peach, and grape grower prices demonstrate a classic seasonal pattern for fresh produce, with the high prices occurring at the beginning and/or ending of the year or marketing season (fig. 6). In comparison, fresh apples and oranges exhibit weak seasonal price patterns. In general, strawberry grower prices tend to decrease through the first 4 months of the year, stabilize at low levels from May through August, and rise in the last 4 months (except during the 1980s, when prices dropped notably in December).\(^{21}\) However, there have been some significant changes in the months when low and high fresh strawberry prices are realized. In the 1980s, the average monthly price index was at its lowest point in May, when shipment volumes were near peak levels for the year (approximately 25 percent of annual supply). By the 2000s, the low price point had moved later in the year to June, and the timing of high grower prices had also moved to later in the year. The highest monthly price index in the 1980s occurs in November, when shipment volumes are lowest (approximately 1 percent of annual supply). By the 1990s, the share of annual supply shipped in November began to increase gradually, and high prices had shifted to December.\(^{22}\) Fresh peach and grape grower prices also exhibit the classic pattern of seasonal highs and lows, with high prices early in the U.S. harvest season when supplies are tight, declines through the peak production months, and increases towards the end of the harvest season. In the peach market, prices peak in May, when only around 10 percent of the annual supply volume is in the market. Prices bottom out in July or August, when at least 25 percent of the annual supply volume is available. Overall patterns during the 1980s and 1990s are very similar, but there are indications of change since 2000; early season prices have been higher than the two previous decades and show little price increase or even a decline at the end of the season. Though overall domestic production has remained fairly steady since the 1980s, plantings of late-season varieties have contributed to slightly higher supplies for the late summer and early fall market during the 2000s than in the previous decades. Domestic shipment volume in September rose from 11 to 12 percent of annual volume in the 1980s and 1990s to 14 percent during the 2000s; similarly, volume in October rose from around 1 to 2 percent to 3 to 5 percent. Grower prices bottom out in the fresh grapes market from July through September, then increase again from October through December. When compared across time, prices in the 1990s declined more sharply from the early-season peak than they did in the 2000s. Prices also declined in December during the mid-to-late 1990s in contrast to end-of-season price increases after 2000. Between 1996 and 1999, markets were very thin in December with fewer grower prices reported, often not having sufficient production volume to establish a price. During 2010-12, fresh grape \(^{21}\)Volume or movement of fresh strawberries was too low to establish a price in 5 of 10 years between 1980 and 1989. \(^{22}\)T-tests confirm the 2010-12 June price index is statistically different than 1990-99 at the 10-percent level. With data for only 3 years available, it is not known if this shift will be sustained through 2019. The 1980s December price index is statistically different from the 1990s (5-percent level) and from the 2000s (1-percent level). prices were not reported in May (again due to thin markets) and the grower price index peaks in June, a month behind the previous decades. Fresh apples exhibit fairly weak seasonal grower price patterns. Although apple prices typically increase slightly at the beginning of a new marketing year (August-September) then decline as harvest volume rises, a comparison of monthly grower prices throughout the year shows only narrow differences in values. Comparison of apple price patterns between decades shows little difference between 1990-99 and 2000-09 but some shifts from 1980-89 and 2010-12. During the 1980s, average price peaked at the end of the marketing season (July) when supplies were low, before gradually declining as the new crop entered both the market and cold storage facilities. In the subsequent two decades, prices did not peak until September and then mostly declined through the remainder of the year. During 2010-12, grower prices reached their low point in April, 2 months earlier than in the previous decades. Like apples, fresh orange prices have a relatively flat seasonal pattern. In general, grower prices decline during the heaviest navel-harvest months in the beginning of the year. As navel production decreases and the Valencia harvest increases, grower prices typically rise; however, there are noticeable differences in the seasonal price patterns between decades. The mean grower price index during the 2000s was at its lowest point in July, 3 months after the last large shipment volume. In the 1980s, the mean price index value was lowest in April, when shipments were the second highest of the year. Magnitude of seasonal price changes When annual maximum and minimum grower price index values are averaged by decade, the resulting range provides a measure of average magnitude for the seasonal price fluctuation in each of the four periods. In the strawberry example, the 1980s price index (1980-89) varied between 61 and 180 for a difference of 120 and the 2010s price index (2010-12) varied between 62 and 200 for a difference of 139 (table 3). The difference in range between these two periods is 19 points. The observed magnitude of change is even more pronounced in peaches at 33 (from an average range of approximately 44 points in the 1980s to 76 points between 2010 and 2012). Marked differences in the magnitude of seasonal price fluctuations signal more obvious shifts in price patterns over time, and differences among fresh fruit markets are discernable. Over the 33-year period, changes in average magnitude are not significant for strawberries or apples. In contrast, U.S. fresh peach, grape, and orange grower prices do show significant change. Most notable are the statistically significant decreases in the magnitude of seasonal grower price change for grapes and oranges in 2010-12, although it is too soon to know if this example will be sustained through 2019. Peach prices have experienced an increase in magnitude and the average maximum price index as growers try to capture early season prices (when the fruit is more susceptible to loss or damage from late-season freezes). In the strawberry and peach markets, there has been relatively more stability in the minimum prices over time than in maximum prices. Even in individual years, the fresh strawberry grower price index value has rarely fallen below 50 in any single year, while more variability is observed in the high values. Between 1980 and 2012, high prices have been as much as 147 percentage points above the mean (2010) and as little as 20 percentage points above the mean (1980). Average maximum values for the fresh peach grower price index since 2000 are significantly higher than they were between 1980 and 1999. The fresh orange market is an exception—the average minimum grower price index has risen in the most recent period (2010-12) even as the average maximum price index value shows no significant change. The range in the fresh grape price index moved from 82 in the 1990s, to 98 in the 2000s, and to 59 from 2010-12. In contrast, the average range for apple price indices has been relatively steady since 1980. Even when individual years are evaluated, the range in the apple price index varied only as little as 15 (2004) and as much as 96 (1988). Market conditions unique to each commodity influence the impacts of changing supply and demand factors on the seasonality of grower prices. Products that are supplied and demanded evenly throughout the year are less likely to demonstrate strong seasonality. Over time, fresh fruit suppliers have extended the period various fruits are available in the U.S. market through imports, increased domestic output, expanded planting regions, and/or enhanced storage. Domestic use for some products has increased, potentially spreading sales across a greater number of months. In addition, global demand for U.S. products and, in some cases, growth in alternative markets for processing has influenced the timing of sales. Grouping monthly price data into four periods, 1980-89, 1990-99, 2000-09 and 2010-12, reveals several changes in the seasonal price patterns. Some shifts have occurred in the magnitude of price change within a season even when averaged by decade, such as for grapes and oranges. When month-to-month price patterns are evaluated, shifts in range are also noted in strawberries, peaches, and apples. The range of monthly prices has increased for less storable produce (e.g., strawberries and peaches) relative to produce that can be stored for longer periods (e.g., apples and oranges). In several cases, notably strawberries and oranges, the timing of high and low prices within the year has also shifted. A distinct seasonal pattern is observed in fresh strawberry prices even as expanded geographical and varietal diversity have smoothed seasonal price effects (particularly since 2000). Fresh peach and grape markets also continue to demonstrate seasonality, with high price windows at the start and end of the domestic harvest season. Fresh peach supply, demand, and trade trends have not undergone major changes but, while seasonal price patterns remained similar during the 1980s and 1990s, there are indications of change since 2000 with higher early-season prices and little price increase or decline at the end of the season. With little growth in domestic utilization of fresh grapes, increases in production, fluctuations in imports from major and emerging trading partners, and growth in exports have influenced price patterns over time. Fresh apples and oranges are more storable fruit commodities that fail to demonstrate deep seasonal price swings within a given year, although the timing of high and low prices has shifted. Though the apple harvest occurs largely in the fall, storability, increased domestic production, and counter-seasonal import availability permit more even distribution throughout the year. While the post-harvest shelf-life for oranges is shorter than that for apples, there is a much wider harvest window, allowing for greater on-tree control over when the fruit comes to market. Looking Ahead: Policy Issues That May Alter Future Seasonal Price Patterns Several prevalent policy issues are likely to influence how seasonal price behavior in fresh fruit markets will evolve in the future. Market and policy changes in immigration and labor, food safety, diet and health, growth in organic markets, and the sustainability and growth of local and regional food systems will alter available fresh fruit supplies and needs in the United States. Immigration reform has the potential to significantly affect U.S. crop agriculture, as more than half of the hired workers in this sector are believed to be unauthorized immigrants (Calvin and Martin, 2010). Lack of farm labor to maintain and harvest crops is an increasing concern among U.S. fruit growers—labor is the leading expense item for fruit and tree nut growers and is most intensively used in fresh-market production (Perez and Ali, 2009). Further constraints on labor availability or significantly increased costs could reduce the production of some fruit crops, potentially encouraging those markets to further rely on imports and expand supply sources beyond those already established. In addition to the food safety systems individual producers already have in place, the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) was enacted in January 2011 to ensure the safety of the U.S. food supply by shifting the focus of Federal regulators from outbreak response to prevention. FSMA is composed of a number of rules implementing mandatory microbial food safety practices for produce growers and handlers. The rules establish science-based minimum standards for the safe production and harvesting of fruits and vegetables that are raw agricultural commodities where the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined such standards will minimize the risk of serious adverse health consequences or death. As the rules continue to be released and implemented, compliance has the potential to shift both supply regions and demand for fresh produce commodities. Several high-profile outbreaks of food-borne illness have been associated with fresh produce since the mid-1990s. Market reaction to these outbreaks varies by the characteristics of the commodity and by the information that consumers receive, but it can include random price spikes or shifts among commodities purchased (Arnade et al., 2009). Increased awareness of the growing obesity problem in the United States has strengthened the emphasis on diet and health in policymaking. Some U.S. fruit industries are promoting the benefits of healthy eating and nutrition associated with their products, hoping to stimulate increased consumption of U.S. fruit both here and abroad. Similar to food safety initiatives, efforts to improve diet quality have the potential to boost demand in fresh fruit markets and yield further expansion in domestic production, imports, and exports, with the possibility of further shifts in supply and demand regions with the associated adjustments in price. Organic retail sales have spread far beyond the natural products market niche and into mainstream retail venues (Green et al., 2009). In trying to keep pace with growing consumer demand, organic production has expanded rapidly in the United States since the late 1990s. Fresh produce is still the top seller in the organic retail food sales category (Greene, 2014), commanding a price premium over conventionally produced counterparts. As USDA continues to expand programs and services for organic producers and handlers, increased participation in the organic market could alter supply conditions in the fresh produce sector, signaling potential adjustments in price. Increased Federal funding in the 2014 Farm Act for economic data collection efforts in the organic sector will facilitate further investigation of price adjustments in this market as more market data become available. Local foods are a small but growing segment of U.S. agriculture (Martinez, 2010). The 2014 Farm Act provides appropriations for both specialty crops and local/regional food initiatives to promote development of local and regional food systems. While the diffusion of wide-scale commercial fruit production into more States and regions seems implausible, surges in local production and sourcing, and consumer shifts to the consumption of more seasonal foods, may affect seasonal price patterns. Seasonal prices might be exacerbated in local markets with preference-based supply limitations. As more data become available on local foods, there will be opportunities to assess the influence of local and regional food markets on seasonal price patterns across U.S. fresh fruit markets. Anonymous. 1958. “Some Economic Aspects of Fruit Marketing: With Special Reference to Seasonal Price Patterns,” Review of Marketing and Agricultural Economics 26(02):81-97, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society. http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/handle/8916 (accessed March 2014). Arnade, C., D. Pick, and M. Gehlhar. 2005. “Testing and Incorporating Seasonal Structures Into Demand Models for Fruit,” Agricultural Economics 33(Supplement s3):527-32. Arnade, C., L. Calvin, and F. Kuchler. 2009. “Consumer Response to a Food Safety Shock: The 2006 Food-Borne Illness Outbreak of E.Coli O157:H7 Linked to Spinach,” Review of Agricultural Economics 31(4):734-50. Belrose, Inc. 2004. World Apple Review, 9th Annual Edition, Pullman, WA. Boriss, H., H. Brunke, and M. Kreith. 2011. Grapes Profile, Agricultural Marketing Resource Center, Iowa State University. http://www.agmrc.org/commodities__products/fruits/grapes_profile.cfm (accessed February 2013). Brown, S., and K. Maloney. 2013. “An Update on Apple Cultivars, Brands and Club-Marketing,” New York Fruit Quarterly 21(1):3-10. http://www.nyshs.org/pdf/-NYFQ%202013.CMC/NYFQ%20SPRING%202013.CMC/1.An%20Update%20on%20Apple%20Cultivars,%20Brands%20and%20Club-Marketing.pdf (accessed February 2013). Buxton, B. 1988. “Seasonal Farm Price Patterns for Selected U.S. Fruit Crops,” Fruit and Tree Nuts Situation and Outlook Yearbook, TFS-246, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. California Department of Food and Agriculture, California Agricultural Statistics Service. 2012. 2012 California Citrus Acreage Report, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Fruits_and_Nuts/201408citac.pdf (accessed February 2013). Calvin, L., and P. Martin. 2010. The U.S. Produce Industry and Labor: Facing the Future in a Global Economy, ERR-106, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err-economic-research-report/err106.aspx#.U_ULj8VdVyw (accessed February 2013). Canova, F., and B.E. Hansen. 1995. “Are Seasonal Patterns Constant over Time? A Test for Seasonal Stability,” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 13(3):237-52. http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~bhansen/papers/jbes_95.pdf (accessed November 2013). Carew, R., W. Florkowski, and E. Smith. 2012. “Hedonic Analysis of Apple Attributes in Metropolitan Markets of Western Canada,” Agribusiness: An International Journal 28(3):293-309. Chandler, C. 2003. New Plants for Florida: Strawberry, Circular 1440, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Dieci, R., and F. Westerhoff. 2010. “Interacting Cobweb Markets,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 75(3):461-81. Greene, C. 2014. Organic Market Overview, Organic Agriculture Topic Page, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. http://ers.usda.gov/topics/natural-resources-environment/organic-agriculture/organic-market-overview.aspx#.U86scZRdVyw (accessed July 2014). Greene, C., C. Dimitri, B.H. Lin, W. McBride, L. Oberholtzer, and T. Smith. 2009. Emerging Issues in the U.S. Organic Industry, EIB-55, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib-economic-information-bulletin/eib55.aspx#.U_UKhMVdVyw (accessed March 2014). Han, F. M., C. A. Carter, and R. E. Goodhue. 1999. Seasonal Prices and Supply-Side Adjustments in the California Strawberry Industry UPDATE 2(3):1-2, 8-10, Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California-Davis. http://giannini.ucop.edu/are-update/2/3/seasonal-prices-and-suppl/ (accessed February 2013). Houck, J.P. 1974. “Seasonal Behavior of Minnesota Farm Prices,” Minnesota Agricultural Economist 561, Agricultural Extension Service, University of Minnesota. Huang, S., and K. Huang. 2012. “Marketing Effects of U.S. Fresh Produce Imports,” Journal of Agribusiness 30(1):53-68. Huang, S. 2013. Imports Contribute to Year-Round Fresh Fruit Availability, FTS-356-01, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/fts-fruit-and-tree-nuts-outlook/fts-356-01.aspx#.U_UJCMVdVyw (accessed November 2013). Jacobs, J. A. 1994. Cooperatives in the U.S.-Citrus Industry, Research Report 137, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rural Business and Cooperative Development Service. http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/supportdocuments/rr137.pdf (accessed February 2013). Johnston, W. E., and A. F. McCalla. 2004. Whither California Agriculture: Up, Down, or Out? Some Thoughts about the Future, Giannini Foundation Special Report 04–1. http://giannini.ucop.edu/calag.htm (accessed February 2013). Kuchment, A. 2013. “The End of Orange Juice,” Scientific American 308(3):52-9. Ladaniya, M. 2008. Citrus Fruit: Biology, Technology and Evaluation, First Edition, Academic Press (Elsevier): San Diego, CA. Martinez, S. 2010. “Varied Interests Drive Growing Popularity of Local Foods,” Amber Waves, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2010-december/varied-interests-drive-growing-popularity-of-local-foods.aspx#.U_UHRcVdVyw (accessed March 2014). Perez, A., and M. Ali. 2009. Specialized U.S. Fruit and Tree Nut Farm Production Expenses, FTS-337-01, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. www.ers.usda.gov/media/157713/fts33701_l.pdf (accessed February 2013). Raper, K.C., S. Thornsbury, and C. Aquilar. 2009. “Regional Wholesale Price Relationships in the Presence of Counter-Seasonal Imports,” Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics Rosen, S., K.M. Murphy, and J.A. Scheinkman. 1994. “Cattle Cycles,” The Journal of Political Economy 102(3):468-92. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2138619 (accessed February 2013). Schotzko, R.T., and D. Granatstein. 2004. A Brief Look At The Washington Apple Industry: Past and Present, SES 04-05, School of Economic Sciences, College of Human and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University. http://www.agribusiness-mgmt.wsu.edu/AgbusResearch/docs/SES04-05_BRIEF_LOOK_WAFTA.pdf (accessed November 2013). Tomek, W. G., and K. L. Robinson. 2003. Agricultural Product Prices 4th Edition. Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service [AMS]. 1961. Seasonal Variation in Farm Food Prices and Price Spreads, Miscellaneous Publication No. 840, Marketing Economics Research Division. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service. 1980-2012. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Shipments by Commodities, States and Months, Annual Report. http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do?template=TemplateN&page=FVMarketNewsMovementReports (accessed March 2014). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service. 2004. Agricultural Export Transportation Handbook 700. http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELDEV3009368 (accessed April 2014). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service [ERS]. 2013. Fruit and Tree Nuts Yearbook Tables. http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/fruit-and-tree-nut-data/yearbook-tables.aspx (accessed March 2014). U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service [NASS]. 1979-2013. Agricultural Prices. http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1002 (accessed March 2014). U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2007. Agriculture Census 2007. http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Full_Report/index.asp (accessed February 2013). U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. 1979-2013. Citrus Fruits. http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1031 (accessed March 2014). U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. 1980-2013. Cold Storage Annual. http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1416 (accessed March 2014). U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Washington Field Office. 2011. Washington Tree Fruit Acreage Report 2011. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Washington/Publications/Fruit/FruitTreeInventory2011.pdf (accessed February 2013). U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Washington Field Office. 2006. Washington Fruit Survey 2006. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Washington/Publications/Fruit/FruitTreeInventory2006.pdf (accessed March 2014). U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau. 2014. U.S. International Trade Data. http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/index.html (accessed March 2014). U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2013. Producer Price Index Data. http://www.bls.gov/ppi/ (accessed March 2014). U.S. International Trade Commission [ITC]. 2006. Conditions of Competition for Certain Oranges and Lemons in the U.S. Fresh Market, Investigation No. 332-469, USITC Publication 3863. http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/pub3863.pdf (accessed February 2013). Woods, M., S. Thornsbury, K. C. Raper, and R. Weldon. 2006. “Regional Trade Patterns: The Impact of Voluntary Food Safety Standards,” Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics 54(4):531–53. First, calculate a centered moving average for each month. In our example, the \[ \text{February 1988 Nominal Monthly Grower Price} = 76.3 \text{ cents/pound} \] \[ \text{Centered Moving Average} = \left( \frac{12 \text{ month grower price sum}}{\text{number of observations within 12 months sum}} \right) \] \[ \left( \frac{68.1 + 116 + 146 + 130 + 80 + 76.3 + 58.8 + 40.9 + 49.9 + 45.4 + 50.4 + 55}{12} \right) = 76.4 \] \[ = \text{February 1988 Centered Moving Average Price} \] Values used in the calculation roll forward every month. For example, the centered moving average for March 1988 will include prices reported from October 1987 through September 1988. When fewer than 12 consecutive months of prices are reported, the number of values included in the calculation is reduced. For example, peach prices are only reported for 5 months a year so the 12-month grower price sum is divided by 5; the other months are non-observation months and have been left blank. The index is created by dividing the monthly nominal grower price by the corresponding centered moving average and multiplying by 100: \[ \text{Monthly Price Index} = \left( \frac{\text{Nominal Monthly Grower Price}}{\text{Centered Moving Average}} \right) \times 100 \] In our example, \[ \left( \frac{76.3}{76.4} \right) \times 100 = 99.9 = \text{February 1988 Monthly Fresh Strawberry Price Index} \]	<urn:uuid:3fa6651e-ac67-4daf-8248-5b0acf43c150>	CC-MAIN-2022-05	https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/outlooks/37063/49158_fts-357-01.pdf?v=2770.2	2022-01-25T02:17:46+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-05/subset=warc/part-00133-1e2959d8-5649-433a-b76e-f1b876a6479d.c000.gz.parquet	790,054,087	18,508	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.889636	eng_Latn	0.995057	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 2123, 5510, 9060, 11484, 15713, 19016, 20919, 25990, 29947, 31882, 35976, 38127, 41054, 43482, 44991, 47009, 50849, 54605, 55151, 57989, 61895, 62679, 65437, 68450, 71135, 72146, 73533 ]
Center Address 100 Briarwood Cir Ann Arbor, MI 481081602 Regular Center Hours Phone Numbers Monday to Saturday 10:00am 9:00pm Sunday 11:00am 6:00pm Mall Office: (734) 7699610 Shopping Line: (734) 7619550 Mall Security: (734) 7619550 Special Hours: 07/04/2016: 10:00am 6:00pm (4th of July) Store Directory Store Name A Abercrombie & Fitch Aeropostale Aldo Shoes Ann Taylor Apple Computer Art Is In Market ATHLETA \| (734) 3323451 \| MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p \| H&M/Pole 21 \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| (734) 3024323 \| MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) \| LensCrafters/Pole 23 \| \| (734) 3320253 \| MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p \| MCSports/Pole 31 \| \| (734) 7616176 \| MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p \| CPK/Pole 57 \| \| (734) 7410270 \| MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p \| CPK/Pole 57 \| \| (734) 7802471 \| MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p \| Panda Express/Pole 49 \| \| (734) 7696550 \| MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) \| Macy's parking lot. \| \| (734) 9943692 \| MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) \| H&M/Pole 21 \| Website shopbriarwood.com B babyGap Now Open! (734) 9445523 MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) Von Maur/Lenscrafters entrance Located near Von Maur next to Champs Banana Republic Best Buy Mobile Body Arts Body Shop, The Boost Mobile Now Open! Brow Art 23 Buckle, The C Cellairis Champs Sports Chico's Chipotle Mexican Grill (734) 7940600 MonSat 11a10p, Sun 11a8p CPK/Pole 57 Located in the North Sears Corridor across from California Pizza Kitchen. Cinnabon Coach D Dead Sea Spa Now Open! Dry Goods E Eddie Bauer Ed's Luggage Egyptian Comfort Now Open! Express Express Men EYEQuity Located in the jcpenney wing next to Aldo F Fast Repair Now Open! Foot Locker Forever 21 FOSSIL Foxy Nails Freshii G Gap GapKids GNC Godiva Chocolatier Gold 'N' Gems Gymboree H H&M Hot Topic MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) (734) 9968003 Sears mall entrances (north or south) Located in the Sears wing near American Eagle Icing by Claire's (734) 9944905 MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p Panda Express/Pole 49 Located in the jcpenney wing next to Payless ShoeSource. J J.Crew JCPenney JCPenney Optical Journeys Journeys Kidz Justice Justola Now Open! K Kay Jewelers L LensCrafters Lids L'Occitane LOFT Lush Fresh Handmade Cosmetics (734) 7616285 MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th Located near Center Court next to Yankee of July) Macy's entrances Candle. M M Den Macy*s Deli MasterCuts MC Sports Michael Kors Monaco Jewelers N O Olga's Kitchen Oriental Chi P PacSun (734) 7695440 MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p Von Maur Located in the Von Maur Wing, across from GAP Pandora Papyrus Pearle Vision Perfumania Engraving PINK Now Open! Pinkberry Pottery Barn R Red Robin Regis Salons S Sears Sears Optical Sephora Silver Point SoHo Soma Intimates Spencer Gifts Sprint Starbucks Surf City Squeeze Swarovski Crystal T Talbots Tatsu Sushi Teavana (734) 9983900 (734) 7698918 MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) Sears Sears Department Store Inside of Sears Things Remembered Ticketmaster (734) 6653869 (734) 7699610 MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p JCPenney jcpenney corridor next to Sprint MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th TMobile Town Cobbler Tricho Salon & Spa V Vera Bradley Verizon Wireless Victoria's Secret VILLA Von Maur W Wet Seal Wetzel's Pretzels WilliamsSonoma Windsor Y Von Maur wing, at the Guest Services booth LensCrafters/Pole 23 Z Zumiez Yankee Candle (734) 7613265 MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) Macy's entrances Center Court, next to Lush Cosmetics MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) Best entrance/parking is near Von Maur. Down the Von Maur Wing next to Teavana.	<urn:uuid:d45f8c46-1e4a-4cea-9c3c-d2c93ee7e7bd>	CC-MAIN-2016-26	http://www.simon.com/mall/briarwood-mall/stores/print	2016-07-01T00:30:24Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783399425.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154959-00132-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz	851,627,661	1,829	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.555425	eng_Latn	0.566212	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1087, 1400, 1747, 2070, 2365, 2653, 2891, 3227, 3650, 3938 ]
PEACE LUTHERAN PRESCHOOL 2024 – 2025 Preschool Enrollment Form Blue Bird & Cardinal Classrooms Child's full name: _______________________________________ Today's date: __________________________ Child's name to be used at Peace Preschool (if different): _____________________________________________ Date of birth: __________________________________ Child's gender: ________________________________ Mother/Father/Guardian (circle one) name: _______________________________________________________ Cell phone: ___________________________________ Home phone: _________________________________ Home address: _______________________________________________________________Waunakee, 53597 Employer: __________________________________ Work phone: _____________________________________ Mother/Father/Guardian (circle one) name: _______________________________________________________ Cell phone: __________________________________ Home phone: __________________________________ Home address (if different): ___________________________________________________________________ Employer:____________________________________ Work phone: __________________________________ Please list the email address you would like all office correspondence sent to: _____________________________________________________________ Thank you for answering the following questions. Your input will help ensure your child is in the class that best meets his / her needs. _____ I plan to send my child to 4K fall 2025. _____ I am unsure about sending my child to 4K fall 2025. _____ I want my child to participate in preschool 2 years. Has your child attended preschool / or child care in the past? _________________________________________ How do you think your child will react to being dropped off at school the first week? ________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Is the child you plan to enroll the oldest, middle, youngest, only child? ____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ If your child has siblings, brothers? Sisters? What are their ages? _______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Please describe your child's personality and temperament: ____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ What are three things your child is really good at? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Do you have any concerns about your child's development? If so, please describe your concerns or questions. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ What are three things you would like your child to work on / learn in preschool? ___________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ What are you looking for to make preschool a great experience for your child and family? ______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Is your child potty trained? ____________________________ Is there anything special we should know about prior to your child's first day of preschool? _____________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for taking the time to share information! PROGRAMMING OPTIONS FOR PRESCHOOLERS Please refer to the Enrollment Options & Prices document for additional information. 1. EARLY MORNING DROP OFF: 7:30 a.m. - 7:55 a.m. Monday through Friday. Please circle your preferred schedule: M T W Th F 2. BLUEBIRD CLASS: 8 - 11 A.M. Classes are offered Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursdays. Although we currently limited the class to 3 days per week, we are interested in the number of families that would be interested in enrolling Monday through Friday if that schedule became available. Please check if you would be interested in 5 days ______. _____ Tuesday & Thursday _____ Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday 3. CARDINAL CLASS: 8 - 11 a.m. Monday through Friday. _____ Tuesday & Thursday _____ Monday, Wednesday, & Friday _____ Monday through Thursday _____ Monday through Friday 4. LUNCH BUNCH: 11a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Monday through Friday. Please select your preferred schedule: _____ Tuesday & Thursday _____ Monday & Wednesday _____ Monday, Wednesday & Friday _____ Monday through Friday 5. AFTERNOON WRAP AROUND: Monday through Thursday 12:00 p.m. until 3:30 p.m. Wrap Around care is not available on Fridays. Friday programming ends at noon. M T W Th Enrollment and class schedules are established on a first come first serve basis. Class options are contingent on enrollment and staff availability. Peace Lutheran Preschool is an inclusive community. No child, family or staff member will be discriminated against on the basis of race, sex, ethnic or national origin, language, religion, age, sexual orientation, marital status, pregnancy, disability or because of any status protected by federal or state law. SCHOLARSHIPS ARE AVAIALABLE. If your family would like to enroll in Peace Lutheran Preschool but cost is prohibitive, please speak with the director. Peace Lutheran Preschool is a Christian Preschool. Children enrolled in the Blue Bird, Cardinal, Faith Formation, Lunch Bunch and Afternoon Wrap Around class will experience faith-based lessons throughout their day. Families do not need to be Lutheran, nor be members of Peace Lutheran Church to enroll and benefit from their participation in Peace Preschool's programs. Feel free to contact Suzanne, Heidi or Sandra if you have any additional questions Or if you would like a enrollment schedule within the Preschool's hours of operation that is not listed. How did you learn about Peace Lutheran Preschool? _______________________________________________ Thank you for choosing Peace Lutheran Preschool. We will do our absolute best to provide your child and family with a wonderful preschool experience!	<urn:uuid:3cd76d42-c26f-4572-aa75-2c39f84b109d>	CC-MAIN-2024-10	https://explorepeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2024-2025-PRESCHOOL-ENROLLMENT-FORMS.pdf	2024-02-29T18:39:35+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-10/subset=warc/part-00253-d9675c6d-5c8d-45bb-9c98-c56e42022a4d.c000.gz.parquet	238,980,256	1,078	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.937207	eng_Latn	0.992022	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1730, 3766, 5092, 6518 ]
95, Evlogi Georgiev blvd. 1142 Sofia phone: (+359 2) 9876363 www.bcra-bg.com „Global Consulting" OOD Vesela Velichkova, Lead Financial Analyst [email protected] \| CREDIT RATING* \| \|---\| \| Long-term credit rating: \| \| Outlook: \| \| Short-term credit rating: \| \| National-scale long-term credit rating: \| \| Outlook: \| \| National-scale short-term rating: \| * To become familiar with full rating history, please, see the chart at the bottom of the document ** The assigned „negative" outlook is not a result of deterioration of the indicators of „Global Consulting" ООD, and it is а consequence of the applied ceiling of the rating which is determined by the sovereign rating and outlook (as of the time of review the rating assigned by BCRA to the Republic of Bulgaria is long-term rating: BBB-(ns), outlook: „negative", short-term rating: А-3 (ns) – see http://www.bcra-bg.com/files/rating_287.pdf). BCRA - Credit Rating Agency (BCRA) is the third qualified rating agency in EU, registered under Regulation 1060/2009 of the European Parliament and of the European Council. The credit ratings, assigned by BCRA, are recognized in the whole EU and are entirely equal with the other ratings, recognized by European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), without any territorial or other restrictions. The officially adopted methodology for assigning a corporate credit rating is in use by BCRA (http://www.bcrabg.com/files/file_103.pdf), approved and entered into force on 06.07.2016. The update of the methodology is made with the aim of making precise the rating of the assigned entities, as it could be supplemented through assigning a national-scale credit rating in Bulgaria which will improve additionally the possibility of comparison between the entities that BCRA rates in the country. This possibility is especially beneficial in countries whose credit rating is relatively low, as far as this rating serves as a rating ceiling which reduces the possibility to differentiate the profitability of individual entities. Summary of the Minutes of the Rating Committee: The members of the Rating Committee discussed the influence of the changes in the rating methodology on the ratings assigned to „Global Consulting" ООD, taking into consideration the individual risk profile of the company. Also, the changes in the financial condition of the company in 2015 and nine-month period of 2016 were considered. It was specified that during the updated period the volume of the company's activity continued to reduce and in 2015 the net income from sales decreased by 42.9% compared to the past year, and in the nine-month period of 2016 the decline amounted to 26.4% year on year. As positive factors were given markedly low leverage of „Global Consulting" ООD and extremely high liquidity it maintains. Based on the above said the members of the Rating Committee took a decision to suspend the status "Under review" of the company's rating and to assign the following ratings: - Long-term rating: BBВ-, outlook: „negative", short-term rating: А-3; - National-scale long-term rating: A+ (BG), outlook: „stable", national-scale short-term rating: A-1+ (BG). To produce the rating, BCRA uses information from the rated company, Bulgarian National Bank, National Statistical Institute, its own database, consultants, etc. Global Consulting OOD Long-term credit rating: ВВВ- (outlook: negative) Short-term credit rating: A-3 National-scale long-term credit rating: А+ (outlook: stable) National-scale short-term rating: А-1+ January 2017 95, Evlogi Georgiev Blvd., fl. 1 Sofia 1142 phone: (+359-2) 987 6363 www.bcra-bg.com Main financial indicators: \| Indicator (thousand BGN) \| Sept 16 \| Sept 15 \| 2015 \| 2014 \| 2013 \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Assets \| 6484 \| 9397 \| 7037 \| 8677 \| 7816 \| \| Income from Sales \| 1664 2261 \| \| \| \| \| \| Net Financial Result \| 64 \| 631 \| 52 \| 53 \| 535 \| \| Net Profitability \| 3.85% 9.38% \| \| \| \| \| \| Current Liquidity \| 37.67 \| 10.26 \| 70.67 \| 18.26 \| 19.59 \| \| Quick Liquidity \| 34.20 8.68 \| \| \| \| \| \| Leverage \| 0.05 \| 0.26 \| 0.11 \| 0.26 \| 0.08 \| *Rating History: The ratings displayed in the chart are assigned under the previous Methodology for rating of the ability of insurance companies to pay claims, respectively with the applied rating scale and are not directly comparable with the ratings assigned after the entry into force of the current methodology on 04.07.2016. \| \| Update 18.10.2010 \| Update 31.10.2011 \| Update 06.11.2012 \| Update 23.10.2013 \| Update 22.01.2015 \| Update 03.02.2016 \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| CREDIT RATING \| ВВВ+ stable А-2 \| A- stable А-1 \| A- stable А-1 \| A- stable А-1 \| A- stable А-1 \| ВВВ+ stable А-2 \| \| Long-term rating : \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Outlook : \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Short-term rating : \| \| \| \| \| \| \|	<urn:uuid:3220505f-921d-48d8-846b-40947a7a619a>	CC-MAIN-2021-25	https://bcra-bg.com/files/rating_global_consulting_jan_2017_en.pdf	2021-06-19T02:28:30+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2021-25/subset=warc/part-00206-e638c5dd-3c3d-4738-8d52-dc1e9f44de3a.c000.gz.parquet	127,662,799	1,301	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.901925	eng_Latn	0.97359	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 3338, 4844 ]
Part 1 Daniel Chapter 1 Chapters 1 – 4 Daniel under Nebuchadnezzar Chapters 1 – 6 Six 6 Stories about Daniel that demonstrate his WISDOM in living under a hostile government. Their Faith in God under death threating conditions Part 2 Chapters 2 6-12 Different visions God gave to Daniel. These visions give the future of the Jewish people and their domination by different Gentile Kingdoms in History. Character of Daniel and his deportation: How would you be under deportation? How will you be as America changes? Personal History of the Prophet Daniel 1:1-21 WISDOM of FAITH As we are going to see, when you live by Faith, Faith will direct decisions you make in your life. Daniel 1:1-2 Historical setting; God uses historical events to move us where He desires us to be: Chaldean invasion-beginning of Judah's Exile: Captivity of Jerusalem Daniel 1:1 " In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to Jerusalem and besieged it." 605 bc vs1 "In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah" Jehoiakim Jehoiakim reigned began 609 bc to 606 bc; He was the 18 th king of the Southern Kingdom. Jehoiakim means Jehovah has set up; Jehovah raises up; his name was Eliakim "whom God has established"; --both names refer to fact that God has raised him up under judgment. He was made king of Judah in place of his father by Pharaoh-NecoKing of Egypt. Nebuchadnezzar pursued Pharaoh- Neco and defeated him at Carchemish, and upon his return to Babylon captured Jerusalem, taking sacred articles from the Temple of the Lord and carrying them to the idolatrous temple of Bel in Babylon. 2 Chronicles 36:6-7 He left Jehoiakim as a vassal king 2 Kings 24:1 and Jeremiah 25:1 You will recall from last week's reading that he was enemy of Jeremiah and actually destroyed the scroll, written by Jeremiah from the Lord. He rejected the Word of God and rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar and ran to Egypt for help. 2 Kings 24:1 "In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and Jehoiakim became his servant for three years; then he turned and rebelled against him." Jehoiakim came to a violent end as prophesied, and his body was thrown over the wall, perhaps to show the enemy that he was dead. It was afterward taken away and given an dishonorable burial in 597 bc. Jeremiah 22:18-19; 36:30 and 2 Kings 24:3 Notes abstracted from Merrill Unger's New Bible Dictionary This was during the 1 st deportation of Jews to Babylon in 605 bc 2 nd was in 598 bc when Ezekiel was taken to Babylon 3 rd deportation was in 586 bc, which marks the beginning of 70 years captivity Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to Jerusalem & besieged it First let's look at his name … It comes from the ancient god was the lord of brightness; the original fire; Nebo of planet Mercury. He was regarded as the chief protector; Nebo and he was powerful in ancient Chaldean society; The name Nebuchadnezzar means may Nobo protect. We have done a great deal of study of NEAM gods; Satan copied the meaning of the true God and gave it to gods of myths. 1a. in 625 Nebuchadnezzar united the 5 clans of the Chaldeans and took control of Babylon 1b. 612 Nebuchadnezzar was challenged by and defeated the great Assyrian Empire 1c. 606 Egypt challenged Nebuchadnezzar and was defeated at Carchemish 1d. he co-ruled with his father Nebopolasser and while pursuing Pharaoh Necho that he received news that his father had died, and it was while Nebuchadnezzar was in pursuit of Pharaoh 605 bc vs2 "And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand…" As Nebuchadnezzar passed he saw Jerusalem and remembered a story about the wealth of this city of Jerusalem and 1) besieged it 2) surrounded it and 3) demanded its surrender . . . which they did Note The Sovereignty of God, the True God is active in history of Judah -- and all nations! "…along with some of the vessels of the house of God;…" God of Judah "…& he brought them to the land of Shinar,…" Shinar introduces the Spiritual Warfare between God & Satan. Notice two words, Shinar in verse 2 and Babylon in verse 1. The Holy Spirit uses these words in order to draw attention to the fundamental battle between man and God. First, in verse 1 Babylon in the English is incorrect, in the Hebrew text it is Babel. Babel is used in Genesis 10:10 and 11:9; Shinar is used in Genesis 10:10 and 11:2. So to grasp the significance of Babel and Shinar, turn there. This is an extremely significant place on the earth. The poles of conflict on the earth are Jerusalem versus Babylon. Both are primary centers on earth in Genesis and in Revelation. Genesis 10:11 "From that land he went forth into Assyria, and built Nineveh and Rehoboth-ir and Calah," Nineveh was a late building of Nimrod, Shinar came first. 10:8 "Now Cush became the father of Nimrod; he became a mighty one on the earth." 10:9 "He was a mighty hunter before the LORD; therefore it is said, "Like Nimrod a mighty hunter before the LORD." 10:10 "And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel and Erech and Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar." Shinar means two rivers or wholly severed, divided mind; Shinar is the country through which the rivers Tigris and Euphrates flow. Nimrod is the first king over a kingdom that the Bible records in history. This represents the kingdom of man. From this we see the development of man against God throughout Scripture. From this point Babel represents paganism, the best, the highest, the greatest of human intellect, culture, the best of the wisdom of man. The most powerful expression of everything antithetical to God's plan for mankind and for history. T he roots of anti-Christianity began at Babel with the first attempt to form a one world government. Genesis 11:2 "And it came about as they journeyed east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there." 11:3 "And they said to one another, "Come, let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly. And they used brick for stone, and they used tar for mortar." 11:4 "And they said,"Come, let us build for ourselves a city, and a tower whose top will reach into heaven, and let us make for ourselves a name; lest we be scattered abroad over the face of the whole earth." The Tower of Babel was to act as an insurance policy to protect the people from another flood. Josephus records that Nimrod convinced the people that this would protect them from the judgment of God in history. It was designed to escape divine judgment of the people from another flood. Here is the wisdom of man trying to escape the judgments of God. Mankind is always looking for SOME SYSTEM, SOME PROGRAM, SOME POWER that will protect him from the intrusion of God in the decisions of everyday life, in ethics, morality, politics and the affairs of man. Man desires to do whatever he wishes without threat of divine retribution. But God laughs at the rebellion of man. Genesis 11:5 "And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower which the sons of men had built." 11:6 "And the LORD said, "Behold they are one people, and they all have the same language. And this is what they began to do and now nothing which they purpose to do will be impossible for them" 11:7 "Come, let Us go down and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another's speech." If you want to define ever changing events in human history this is one of them. From this point on the human race is fragmented, races, colors, languages etc. It destroyed man's ability to communicate and to think alike. All through history man will try to produce a perfect Kingdom on earth without God, apart from God. This will be brought out in Daniel 2, with the prophesy of Gentile nations through what remains of human history. Again and again fragmented Babel tries to assert itself and reestablish man's objectives without God. The Kingdom of God is always countered by Kingdom of Satan, which is Kingdom of Darkness put forth in mankind 2a. Man always strives to reestablish the goals of Babel. Every great political leader has tried to do this. Why? Man wants an autonomous destiny. A nation independent of God and free from divine interference. Man continuously tries to establish his social, intellectual, political existence independent of God and free from the authority of His Word. ( USA today ) 2b. This striving is so powerful today: The United Nations with its Agenda 21; Muslims goal of a Muslim world; Mormons have their goal of ruling the world, the Roman church has its goal of RCC world. Christianity has no such goal, it is individual salvation and individuals living their lives as unto the Lord. (Peter's drawn sword) 2c. Formation: always by conquest, by force. Nimrod sets the pattern. It is not based on consent by the individual, but compelled through force. So force, deception, lies, power politics goes along with this nation without God. Kingdom of Man. Always by enslavement of the individual. State is almighty. (in USA—must disarm America) 2d. Morality is always subjective; the state determines what is right and wrong. Majority dictatorship or dictatorship by the one or the few. Never determined by Word of God. So the bible must be eliminated TAKEN OUT of education, TAKEN OUT of Jurisprudence and for all practical purposes TAKEN OUT of the churches. 2e. Control the whole world. United Nation's Agenda 21 is for the whole world. Muslim control is of the whole world. This by increase increasing state power. The State substitutes itself for divine control The State seeks to provide a perfect world, the state will provide all man needs from the womb to the grave. It will solve all man's problems by force, by drugs, by education. Daniel 1:2 "…to the house of his god, and he brought the vessels of the Lord God into the treasury of his god. " Look at 5:3 " Then they brought the gold vessels that had been taken out of the temple, the house of God which was in Jerusalem; and the king and his nobles, his wives and his concubines drank from them." This is Satan's desire to bring the treasures of God into his Kingdom. And what are the treasures of God? You every believer Fulfillment of the Word of God; Daniel in 1:1-2 records the fulfillment of the prophesy given by Isaiah – temple vessels taken to Babylon. Isaiah 39:5-7 Verse 5 Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah, "Hear the word of the LORD of hosts, Verse 6 'Behold, the days are coming when all that is in your house and all that your fathers have laid up in store to this day will be carried to Babylon; nothing will be left,' says the LORD. Verse 7 'And some of your sons who will issue from you, whom you will beget, will be taken away, and they will become officials in the palace of the king of Babylon.'" Daniel Chapter 1 Verses 3 – 7 Daniel 3-7 Selection of those taken into captivity and preparation of the four great young men of history. Nebuchadnezzar is an excellent example of how Satan is trying to bring in the Kingdom to counter God, while Daniel gives the wisdom on how the believer is to live in such a man-centered society. Verse 3 "Then the king ordered Ashpenaz, the chief of his officials, to bring in some of the sons of Israel, 12-15 years, including some of the royal family and of the nobles, of Judah." Ashpenaz Persian name: horses nose—(don't know why parents named him horses nose!) The chief of his officials, he was a prince, but not in line of Kingship King James the master of his eunuchs New International Version chief of his court officials The Hebrew word sariys does not mean 'eunuch". it means court official, from the Assyrian meaning… one who is head or chief. It came to be used for eunuchs because often this person was castrated for two reasons: st 1 to protect the harem; 2 nd focus on their responsibilities and on securing positions for their offsprings. The word is used of Potiphar in Genesis 37:6, who was married so it does not in itself refer to one who is emasculated. Some like to think that Daniel and his 3 friends were castrated, but there is no biblical or historical documented proof and is highly doubted due to the 'no defect' criterion. "To bring in some of the sons of Israel, 12-15 years, including some of the royal family and of the nobles, of the royal family of kings of Judah." Fulfillment of the Prophesy of Isaiah to Hezekiah Isa. 39:7. This was prophesied some 200 years earlier, so Daniel was familiar with this prophesy, and like Mary, knew what was going on. (This is a historical importance of parents teaching children the Word of God) Plato tells us that age 14 was the standard age for Persian training. Selection profile: And you will note emphasis on outer beauty and inner strength . We could spend hours on verse 4 alone, but let us the note essentials Course of study— Verse 4 "youths in whom was no physical defect, who were good-looking, showing intelligence." The Hiphil is used to indicate that these youths were caused to understand things, they had the ability to learn in every branch of wisdom, Math, science, astrology, and history. They were ENDOWED WITH UNDERSTANDING, on how things worked or (function) this means to think critically and DISCERNING KNOWLEDGE; to Observe-to pay attention to everything; to understand in the causative sense; the ability to learn and apply what they learned; to think critically in many areas; to reason through a complex arrangement of ideals to solve problems in a wise manner… This is where math is so vital to young people's ability to think. "Information is not Knowledge & Knowledge is not Wisdom" This is where 1 Corinthians 1-4, it is so vital to one's ability to think from a Divine perspective. And who had ability for serving in the king's court; Servants attitude; the heart of a servant; poise, leadership, & awareness and he ordered him to teach them the literature and language of the Chaldeans. Now we come to heart of brainwashing! To teach is one of the many Piels in chapter one; this refers to intense teaching and study; learning a great deal in a short time; no time off to watch TV or i-pads or hang out etc.. intense, strict learning. To teach them the literature Babylonian philosophy, rel. writings; Learn Chaldean and learn it quickly (no Rosetta course;) You have to have a good ear to hear and repeat; it means not just to learn a language but to be able to think in that language. Think, speak & act like a Chaldean They learned Chaldean by reading and learning Chaldean philosophy and religion and astrology. Why deportation & Chaldean brainwashing? 1) control the puppet king and people left behind. 2) In this way he could consolidate his kingdom—Egypt, Tyre, etc 3) build a strong governing staff, with the best men around him. (RR) Here we see how education is always at the heart of brainwashing. Change history to fit your brainwashing objective. Take these young men away from their heritage, from their country, from the foundation of their faith. Remove them from Israel & the God of Israel. We have and are seeing this in America today. While they cannot take us away from our history, they seek to take our history away from our children. They are re-writing and developing foreign interpretations of our own history. The goal of one world government did not end with Nimrod at Babel but continues tight up to history today, and will continue through the Tribulation. This is what Hitler tried to do, this is what the Communist are trying to do today; and the Muslims today. By the way for your historical and biblical frame of reference this also happened to Joseph and Moses, both into Egyptian cultures. Their provisions Verse 5 "And the king appointed for them a daily ration" appointed is in the Piel—intense- Nebuchadnezzar is in control and overseeing every detail: these are no ordinary prisoners! from the king's choice food and from the wine which he drank, they were to have the best food; the wine best of its day; only there is one problem: much of this food was unclean to Jews! Which is going to present a problem. Intense education program And "appointed" (another intensive Piel)—"that they should be educated" (another intensive Piel) "three years," (not 4 yrs with summers off; the Piel-- crash program; & time to see if they had an diseases & time to see if they could learn & think under pressure.) "At the end of which they were to enter the king's personal service." 3 year graduate study When a government pays all your bills, you owe that government. Now history closes in on 4 young men taken captive Name change –identity in your name! Everything he is doing is designed to change these young men from Judaism to Chaldean! And he knew that Jewish names often carried Spiritual meanings… their names had to be changed. Just studying verses 6-7 could take several hours… 6 "Now among them from the sons of Judah (some from the line of David) were Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael & Azariah." These young men were named and brought up by Godly parents 7 "Then the commander of the officials assigned new names to them; and to Daniel he assigned the name Belteshazzar, to Hananiah Shadrach, to Mishael Meshach, & to Azariah Abed-nego. It is interesting how through the Church Age their Babylonian names are well remembered but not their Jewish names! Principle The Babylonians goal was to destroy who they were and to brainwash them through education and identification. How to overcome brainwashing (public schools) Daniel Chapters 8 thru 16 Chapters 8-16 Faithfulness of Daniel Daniel's stand; Loyalty to Jehovah, No compromise; Wisdom on how to live in an anti-Christ society and yet Maintain your Walk in the Wisdom of God. At 15 these young men understood what many adults do not understand commitment! Verse 8 "But Daniel made up his mind" The battle is in the mind Daniel assessed all that was going on and made a decision in his mind. Each of us must make up our minds about Jesus Christ, The Word of God and The Holy Spirit; When you make up your mind, it should direct your actions and future thoughts. This means he made a decision and no matter the cost, no matter if it meant his life, he made up his mind as to what he was going to do. "that he would not defile himself with the king's choice food or with the wine which he drank;" This is food from the King's table, exactly what he ate. The Problem Among the diet of the King was meat from animals sacrificed to the pagan gods of Babylon: Marduk, Nebo, Ishtar etc. And wine that had first been offered to these gods and goddesses. Therefore, for Daniel and for all Jews to partake of these was an act of disloyalty to God and a violation of the Mosaic Code; Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14:3-21 Therefore, "Daniel made up his mind that he would not defile himself with the King's choice food or with the wine he drank;" Note that even in pagan worship they offered the best, something that many Christians refuse to do today. The next part of the verse reveals the Wisdom of Daniel: pick your battles carefully he did not resist the name change nor did he resist the education curriculum; he makes his stand where it is in direct opposition to the Word of God. Now we see the wisdom on how to take his stand. "so he sought permission from the commander of the officials that he might not defile himself." made up his mind to please God, live or die. Where does The Word of God, Learning Doctrine, fit in your mindset? You will know by your life! This is not a vegetarian passage! It is not so much what he can eat as it is what he cannot eat Note the all importance "that he might not defile himself;" you make up your mind – faithful to God or deny Him or desert Him. Here is a lesson for all of us—even in captivity, he knew he was still under the Sovereignty of God—the Law of God. Where does this come from? Deuteronomy 32:37-39; These foods & drink offered them was a libation to heathen gods The Word of God must come first Deuteronomy 8:3 we must first Know the Word of God by study of it! then Believe the Word of God then Live the Word of God and be ready for whatever the consequences may be Daniel was not going to compromise the Word of God ! Will You? Gal. 5:22-23 "…against such things there is no law" Daniel's responsibility is not to live but to honor W/G and it will be up to God if he lives or dies. So Daniel asked permission not to eat! not to defile no arrogance no rebellion no crusade he asked permission! This teenager was respectful! He did not rebel against the system he went through the system. Note his argument: not on a spiritual or religion or scriptural reasoning, you cannot argue with unbelievers on the basis of Scripture. This is exactly why the Scriptures were first removed from the Judicial system in USA; and from the educational system It cannot serve as a basis of morality, to a people who have rejected it. So we learn from Daniel, we do not fight with our society on moral issues we are not here to enforce biblical morality on the society, our stand is on Jesus Christ and Him crucified and resurrected. But we choose to live by a morality from the Bible, in regards to premarital Sex, Homosexuality-Lesbian Marriage, etc. Our witness is not about these things, our witness is about Jesus Christ and Him Crucified and Resurrected, but we make up our minds about how to live based on the bible. God intervenes Verse 9 "Now God granted Daniel favor and compassion in the sight of the commander of the officials," Again, note Divine intervention Daniel was admired and respected by this official yet he was under Nebuchadnezzar who would have him executed for not obeying. Daniel had a good testimony or witness before this man… does your witness attract others or does it repulse them??? God caused this man to grant Daniel's request. Do you believe that God personally interacts into your life? You should! Our forefathers called this divine providence. Favor and compassion—these flow downward and upward. We could reason that Daniel and his 3 friends earned this, but we are specifically told that God granted this. The official had gained respect and even admiration for these four young men. Verse 10 "and the commander of the officials said to Daniel, I am afraid of my lord the king, (he has rank but lives in fear) who has appointed your food and your drink; (Nebuchadnezzar was in hands on control) for why should he see your faces looking more haggard than the youths who are your own age? (What we eat effects how we look) Then you would make me forfeit my head to the king." Your haggard face may cause me to lose my head! Daniel's solution! Verse 11 "But Daniel said to the overseer whom the commander of the officials had appointed over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah," Daniel is not disrespectful of the man's dilemma, so he reasons with him on his own human level. Verse 12 "Please test (intensive Piel, Daniel, knows this is intense to him in remaining faithful to His God and it is intense for this official in remaining loyal to his king) your servants (this is how he humbly sees himself before God and now before his captives; he is not afraid to refer to himself as) your servants… for ten days, (10 is the number of Spiritual Warfare and let us be given some vegetables to eat and water to drink." Verse 13 "Then let our appearance be observed in your presence, and the appearance of the youths who are eating the king's choice food; and deal with your servants according to what you see." You make the decision! Officials consent! Verse 14 "So he listened to them (not just Daniel but all 4 of these young men are likeminded—choosing your friends. Remember that God the Holy Spirit is at work inside this chief official.) in this matter & tested them for ten days." Daniel first made up his mind, then Daniel chose the areas of battle, then Daniel reasoned on the basis of Faith. That God would honor His word. This is the battle from Job…will you ? Daniel made up his mind that he would just trust me just trust Him. Victory of Faith 15-16 Verse 15 "and at the end of ten days their appearance seemed better and they were fatter (healthier) than all the youths who had been eating the king's choice food." Be aware, some of these other youths were also Jewish, but they did not stay with Word of God they were not committed to the Word of God or to Lord. Wisdom of the official Verse 16 "So the overseer continued to withhold their choice food and the wine they were to drink, and kept giving them vegetables. The Results 17-20 Faithfulness of God more Divine intervention Verse 17 "and as for these four youths, God gave (graciously given, not earned nor deserved) them knowledge (academic knowledge; of secular subjects) and intelligence in every branch of literature (skill in learning secular literature) and wisdom; (in context this refers to Babylonian wisdom—but they were able by divine wisdom to apply Divine thinking, divine information to human circumstances) We have seen Divine Intervention Divine Providence all through this 1 st chapter, starting in verse 2 Daniel even understood all kinds of visions and dreams. Note carefully that Daniel is emphasized here, he is given an extra measure of grace. He was given the divine ability to interpret visions & dreams. Although these men were instructed in techniques of dream interpretation as developed by the Babylonians, Daniel received his ability from God. The Gift of prophecy was given to Daniel by and through the Holy Spirit. Daniel has a special mission from God Each of us have a special gift from God for His Service. Note carefully…God gave These young men stayed focused on God and on His Word; they had a lot of scripture…Jeremiah and Isaiah People – we must be in the Word of God…daily, every day! They prayed God gave them all this knowledge and wisdom, not the Babylonian teachers. They learned facts from these learned men but it was God who gave him wisdom But Daniel is given more grace as to visions and dreams. We will have to study dreams later in this book, but for now it is God who gives to Daniel the ability to interpret visions and dreams. There are all kinds of dreams. Dreams basically come from one or three sources: 1. Your psychological state. 2. External stimuli these are the sources for most all our dreams no matter what people may claim. and 3. Supernatural Final exam: Verse 18 "Then at the end of the days which the king had specified for presenting them, the commander of the officials presented them before Nebuchadnezzar. Verse 19 "and the king talked with them, and out of them all not one was found like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah; so they entered the king's personal service. God honors those who put His word first! God promotes or He does not promote! Don't try to promote yourself! God has a plan for every life! Learn to be content in whatever God does with you Verse 20 "and as for every matter of wisdom and understanding about which theking consulted them, he found them ten times better than all the magicians and conjurers who were in all his realm." 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CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS FY 2017 PROPOSED OPERATING BUDGET AUGUST 1, 2016 City of Seagoville, Texas Proposed Operating Budget October 1, 2016 – September 30, 2017 # City of Seagoville, Texas ## Proposed Operating Budget ### October 1, 2016 – September 30, 2017 ## Table of Contents ### SECTION I - INTRODUCTION - Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... i - Principal City Officials ................................................................................................................ iv - Budget Calendar .......................................................................................................................... v - Financial Policies ......................................................................................................................... vi - Long Term Financial Strategy .................................................................................................... xi - Combined Fund Summary ........................................................................................................... 1 - Position Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 2 ### SECTION III – GENERAL FUND - General Fund Revenues and Expenditures ............................................................................... 4 - General Fund Financial Summary ............................................................................................... 5 - General Fund Revenues by Category .......................................................................................... 6 - Property Tax Rate and Sales Tax History .................................................................................. 7 - General Fund Summary of Expenditures .................................................................................. 8 - Department Budgets - General Government - City Council ............................................................................................................................. 9 - City Manager .......................................................................................................................... 11 - City Secretary ......................................................................................................................... 15 - Information Technology .......................................................................................................... 20 - Human Resources .................................................................................................................. 22 - Finance .................................................................................................................................. 27 - Public Safety - Police .................................................................................................................................... 31 - Fire ........................................................................................................................................ 36 - Emergency Medical Services (EMS) ...................................................................................... 40 - Support Services .................................................................................................................. 42 - Animal Control ...................................................................................................................... 47 - Community Services - Municipal Court .................................................................................................................. 52 - Library .................................................................................................................................. 56 SECTION III – GENERAL FUND (continued) Community Services Senior Center ................................................................. 60 Sanitation ........................................................................... 64 Community Development Building Inspection and Services .................................... 66 Streets ............................................................................. 70 Parks ............................................................................... 74 Planning .......................................................................... 79 Code Enforcement .......................................................... 83 Non-Departmental Non-Departmental ......................................................... 87 SECTION IV – DEBT SERVICE FUND Budget Summary ............................................................... 89 Annual Debt Service Requirements .................................. 90 Individual Debt Service Schedules .................................... 91 Annual Debt Service Requirements until Maturity .............. 93 SEAGOVILLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION .................. 94 SECTION V – WATER AND SEWER FUND Water and Sewer Fund Revenues and Expenditures ........... 95 Budget Summary ............................................................... 96 Operations Summary Water and Sewer Administration ..................................... 97 Water Services .................................................................. 101 Sewer Services .................................................................. 106 Customer Service ............................................................ 111 Non-Departmental .......................................................... 115 Debt Service ..................................................................... 117 SECTION VI – ALL OTHER FUNDS Overview ........................................................................... 124 Police State Forfeiture Fund ............................................. 125 Police Federal Forfeiture Fund ......................................... 126 SECTION VI – ALL OTHER FUNDS (continued) Small Grants Fund ................................................................. 127 Recycling Revenue Fund .................................................. 128 Municipal Court Fund ....................................................... 129 Park Development Fund .................................................. 130 Hotel Motel Fund .............................................................. 131 FY 2015 Street Projects Fund ........................................... 132 Park Maintenance Fund .................................................. 133 Street Maintenance Fund ............................................... 134 Animal Shelter Operations Fund ..................................... 135 Animal Shelter Building Fund .......................................... 136 Vehicle Replacement Fund .............................................. 137 Police Training Fund ....................................................... 138 Storm Water Fund ............................................................ 139 SECTION VII – APPENDIX Budget Glossary-List of Acronyms ..................................... 140 Budget Glossary ............................................................... 143 City of Seagoville, Texas Principal City Officials 2016 - 2017 City Council Dennis Childress Mayor Term Expires May, 2017 Jose Hernandez Mayor Pro-Tem, Place 2 Term Expires May, 2017 Rick Howard Council Member, Place 1 Term Expires May, 2018 Harold Magill Council Member, Place 3 Term Expires May, 2018 Mike Fruin Council Member, Place 4 Term Expires May, 2017 Jon Epps Council Member, Place 5 Term Expires May, 2018 City Executive Staff Pat Stallings City Manager Patrick Harvey Finance Director Pat Stallings Police Chief Todd Gilcrease Fire Chief Cindy Brown Human Resources/Risk Mgmt Director Dara Crabtree City Secretary Liz Gant Library Director Phil DeChant Utilities Director Ladis Barr Community Development Director \| Date \| Event Description \| Responsible Parties \| \|-----------------------\|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\|-----------------------------------------------------------\| \| May, 2016 \| Review of Mid Year Projections and FYE Fund Balance Estimate \| City Manager, Finance Director \| \| May 23 – June 10, 2016\| Department Operating Budget Preparation \| Department Heads \| \| June 2016 \| Budget Review – All Funds \| City Manager, Department Heads, Finance \| \| June, July 2016 \| Insurance Costs – TML and Health \| Human Resources, Finance \| \| July 25, 2016 \| Completion of Budget Drafting of Budget Message from CM \| City Manager, Finance Director, Department Heads \| \| July 25, 2016 \| Receive Certified Appraisal Roll \| Dallas/Kaufman County Appraisal Districts \| \| July 25, 2016 \| Council Budget Workshop \| City Manager, Finance Director, City Council \| \| July 31, 2016 \| Budget Submitted to City Secretary \| Staff \| \| August 1, 2016 \| Calculate Effective Tax Rate \| Tax Assessor/Collector \| \| August 1, 2016 \| Publish Notice of Three Public Hearings \| City Secretary \| \| August 1, 2016 \| 1. Proposed Budget FY 2017 and Proposed Tax Rate (Two Public Hearings) \| City Secretary \| \| August 1, 2016 \| 2. Hotel/Motel Budget, Water/Sewer Rates (One Public Hearing) and Sanitation Rates (One Public Hearing) \| City Secretary \| \| August 1, 2016 \| Present Budget to Council, Discuss Tax Rate \| City Manager, Finance Director, City Council \| \| August 1, 2016 \| Resolution Accepting Tax Roll, Discuss Tax Rate and take record vote \| City Council \| \| August 8, 2016 \| Detailed Council Budget Workshop \| City Manager, Finance Director, City Council \| \| August 15, 2016 \| First of Two Public Hearings on FY 2017 Budget and Tax Rate \| City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director \| \| August 15, 2016 \| Public Hearing on Hotel/Motel, Water/Sewer Rates and Sanitation Rates \| City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director \| \| August 15, 2016 \| First Reading of Water/Sewer Rate Ord. and Sanitation Ord. \| City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director \| \| August 15, 2016 \| Announcement by City Council of the date of the Meeting for the Adoption of the Tax Rate \| City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director \| \| September 1, 2016 \| Publish “Notice of Vote on Tax Rate” \| City Secretary \| \| August 29, 2016 \| Second of Two Public Hearings on FY 2017 Budget and Tax Rate \| City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director \| \| August 29, 2016 \| Second reading of Water/Sewer Rate Ord. and Sanitation Ord. \| City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director \| \| August 29, 2016 \| Adoption of Water/Sewer Rate Ordinance and Sanitation Ordinance. \| City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director \| \| August 29, 2016 \| Announcement by City Council of the date of the Meeting for the Adoption of the Tax Rate \| City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director \| \| September 19 \| Adoption of Budget FY 2017, Tax Rate, Hotel/Motel Budget and Grants, SEDC Budget and Tax Rate \| City Council \| \| September 20 \| Notify Tax Assessor/Collector of Tax Rate \| Finance Director \| \| October 1 \| Fiscal Year 2017 Begins \| \| City of Seagoville Financial Policies Purpose Statement The policies set forth below provide guidelines to enable the City staff to achieve a long-term, stable financial condition while conducting daily operations and providing services to the community. The City Manager and senior management follow these policies while developing the annual operating budget. The scope of these policies cover accounting, auditing, financial reporting, internal controls, fiscal, financial condition and reserve, revenue management, expenditure control and capital financing/debt management. The long-range policies regarding financial management are as follows: 1. Exercise a discipline which allows the City to retain a sound financial condition. 2. Give recognition to the community’s needs and ability to pay 3. Strive to retain the best possible rating on bonds Accounting, Auditing and Financial Reporting Accounting – The City’s Director of Finance is responsible for establishing the chart of accounts and for properly recording financial transactions. External Auditing – The City will be audited annually by outside independent accountants (auditors). The auditors must be a CPA firm and must demonstrate experience in the field of local government auditing. They must conduct the City’s audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and be knowledgeable in the Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) Certificate of Achievement Program. The City will follow a five year rotation of outside independent auditors. The audited financial statements should be prepared within 180 days after the close of the fiscal year. External Financial Reporting – The City will prepare and publish a Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR). The CAFR will be prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and will be presented annually to the Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) for evaluation and awarding of the Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting. Interim Reporting – The Finance Department will prepare and issue timely reports on the City’s fiscal status to the Mayor/Council and staff. This includes the following: 1. Monthly budget status reports to the City Manager and all Department Heads 2. Mid Year status report and fiscal year end projection of major funds (General and Water & Sewer funds) 3. Quarterly financial reports to Mayor and Council Internal Controls Written Procedures – The Director of Finance is responsible for developing written guidelines on accounting, cash handling and other financial matters which will be approved by the City Manager. The Finance Department will assist Department Directors, as needed, in tailoring such guidelines to fit each department’s requirements. Department Directors’ Responsibility – Each Department Director is responsible to the City Manager to ensure that proper internal controls are followed throughout his or her department, that all guidelines on accounting and internal controls are implemented and that all independent auditor control recommendations are addressed. Fiscal Balanced Budget – Current available unrestricted operating revenue shall be sufficient to support current operating expenditures. Temporary shortages, or operating deficits, can and do occur, but they are not tolerated as extended trends. Measures are developed to provide additional revenue and/or reduced expenditures to eliminate operating deficits. Long Range Planning – The budget process will be coordinated so as to identify major policy issues for City Council consideration in advance of the budget approval date so that proper decision analysis can be made. Fixed Assets – Such assets will be reasonably safeguarded, properly accounted for and prudently used. The fixed asset inventory will be updated regularly. Cash Management – The City’s cash flow will be managed to maximize the investable cash in accordance with the City’s investment policy. Financial Condition and Reserve Reserve Accounts – The General Fund unreserved undesignated fund balance should be adequate to handle unexpected decreases in revenues and a reasonable level for extraordinary unbudgeted expenditures. The General Fund balance policy should also be flexible enough to allow the City to weather economic downturns without raising taxes and/or reducing vital services. The General Fund is required to maintain a minimum 60 day reserve of budgeted expenditures. City Enterprise Funds will compensate the General Fund for the general and administrative services thereby provided such as management, finance and personnel. The City will adopt annual utility rates which will generate revenues sufficient to cover operating expenses and meet the legal requirements of bond covenants. Rates will also fund adequate capital replacement of water distribution and sewerage collection systems. The Water and Sewer Fund is required to maintain a minimum of 60 days of budgeted expenses. These reserves are needed to protect against the possibility of temporary revenue shortfalls or unpredicted one-time expenditures. Should either the General Fund reserve or the Water and Sewer Fund reserve fall below the minimum reserve requirement, revenue raising measurers or expenditure reductions will be implemented to return the General Fund reserve and the Water and Sewer Fund reserve to the minimum level no later than the end of the following fiscal year. Reserves (fund balance) will be used only for emergencies or to reduce balances in excess of current guidelines (60 days for the General Fund and 60 days for the Water and Sewer Fund), as long as they are spent for non-recurring items. Revenue Management Revenue Diversification – A diversified and stable revenue system will be maintained to shelter the City from short run fluctuations in any one revenue source. Fees and Charges – The City will maximize utilization of user charges in lieu of property taxes for services that can be individually identified and where the costs are directly related to the level of service. There will be periodic review of fees and charges to ensure that fees provide adequate coverage of costs of service. Use of One-time Revenues – One-time revenues will be used only for one-time expenditures. The City will avoid using temporary revenues to fund mainstream services. Use of Unpredictable Revenue – The City will try to understand its revenue sources, and enact consistent collection policies so that assurances can be provided that the revenue base will materialize according to budgets and plans. Use of unpredictable revenue will depend upon management’s determination whether the revenue is considered a one time revenue or will recur annually. Sufficiency – The benefits of revenue shall exceed the cost of producing the revenue. Grants – Any potential grants shall be examined for matching requirements so that the source and availability of these funds may be determined before the grant application is made. Utility Rates – The City shall review and adopt utility rates that shall generate revenues required to fully cover operating expenditures, meet the legal restrictions of all applicable bond covenants, and provide for an adequate level of working capital needs. Expenditure Control Appropriations – The City Manager’s level of budgetary control is at the fund level for all funds. Modifications within a respective fund’s operating categories (materials, supplies and services) and/or modifications within the personnel and capital categories may be made with the approval of the City Manager. When a budget amendment among funds or departments is necessary, it must be approved by the City Council. Purchasing – All purchases shall be in accordance with both the City’s purchasing policy and state law. Prompt Payment – All invoices will be paid upon 30 days of receipt in accordance with state law. Procedures will be used to take advantage of all cost effective purchase discounts. Payments will be processed to maximize the City’s investable cash. Department Directors’ Responsibility - Each Department Director is held accountable for meeting program objectives and monitoring the use of budget funds expended to ensure compliance with the annual appropriated budget approved by the City Council. Capital Financing and Debt Management Debt Capacity, Issuance and Management – Long term debt will not be used for operating purposes. Capital projects financed through bond proceeds shall be financed for a period not to exceed the useful life of the project. When appropriate, self-supporting revenues will pay debt service in lieu of property taxes. The Debt Service current fiscal year debt requirement shall not exceed debt service property tax, self-supporting revenue and balances carried forward from the prior year. Unspent capital project proceeds are transferred to debt service at the completion of the capital project. The Finance Department will monitor all City debt annually with the preparation of the annual budget. The Finance Department will diligently monitor the City’s compliance to its bond covenants. The Finance Department will maintain ongoing communications with bond rating agencies about the City’s financial condition and follow a policy of full disclosure on every financial report. The City has and will continue to retain a Financial Advisor in connection with any debt issuance. City of Seagoville, Texas Long Term Financial Strategy Key Financial Principles • Make Trade-Offs Do not initiate major new services without either - ensuring that revenue to pay for the service can be sustained over time, or - making trade-offs of existing services. • Do It Well If the City cannot deliver a service well, the service will not be provided at all. • Use Unexpected One-Time Revenues for One-Time Costs or Reserves • Invest in Employees The City will invest in employees and provide resources to maximize their productivity. • Contract In/Contract Out Consider alternative service delivery to maximize efficiency and effectiveness. • Selectively Recover Costs On a selective basis, have those who use a service pay the full cost. • Recognize the Connection Between the Operating Budget and the Capital Budget • What Should the City Do in the Following Year’s Budget When the Financial Outlook is Positive? - Assess the situation - Maintain adequate reserves - Use one-time revenues only for one-time expenses - Use recurring revenue for recurring costs or one-time expenses - Stay faithful to City goals over the long run - Think carefully when considering revenue cuts - Think long term • What should the City Do Every Year, Whether the Financial Outlook is Positive or Negative? - Increase operating cost recovery - Pursue cost sharing City of Seagoville, Texas Long Term Financial Strategy Key Financial Principles • What Should the City Do in the Following Year’s Budget When the Financial Outlook is Negative? - Assess the situation - Use reserves sparingly - Reduce services - Continue to think carefully when considering tax increases # City of Seagoville ## Combined Fund Summary ### FY 2016-2017 \| Fund Type and Name \| October 1 Estimated Fund Balance \| Total Receipts \| Total Funds Available \| Total Expenditures \| Transfers In (Out) \| September 30 Estimated Fund Balance \| \|---------------------------------------------\|----------------------------------\|----------------\|-----------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|-------------------------------------\| \| Governmental Fund Types \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| General Operating Funds \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| General Fund \| 2,506,867 \| 7,961,361 \| 10,468,228 \| 8,376,552 \| 217,904 \| 2,309,580 \| \| Debt Service Funds \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| General Obligation Debt Service \| 11,630 \| 192,219 \| 203,849 \| 192,198 \| - \| 11,651 \| \| Special Revenue Funds \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Police State Forfeiture \| 2,192 \| 623 \| 2,815 \| - \| - \| 2,815 \| \| Police Federal Forfeiture \| 1,582 \| - \| 1,582 \| - \| - \| 1,582 \| \| Small Grants Fund \| 12,871 \| 2,550 \| 15,421 \| 2,777 \| - \| 12,644 \| \| Revenue Recycle Fund \| 2,377 \| 500 \| 2,877 \| 500 \| - \| 2,377 \| \| Municipal Court Fund \| 31,774 \| 7,500 \| 39,274 \| - \| - \| 39,274 \| \| Park Development Fund \| 58,000 \| - \| 58,000 \| - \| - \| 58,000 \| \| Hotel Motel Fund \| - \| 24,000 \| 24,000 \| 24,000 \| - \| - \| \| Park Maintenance Fund \| 1,685 \| 2,000 \| 3,685 \| - \| - \| 3,685 \| \| Street Maintenance Fund \| - \| 100 \| 100 \| - \| 120,000 \| 120,100 \| \| Animal Shelter Operations \| 3,710 \| 1,500 \| 5,210 \| 3,000 \| - \| 2,210 \| \| Animal Shelter Building \| 4,489 \| - \| 4,489 \| - \| - \| 4,489 \| \| Vehicle Replacement \| 81,676 \| 2,500 \| 84,176 \| - \| 42,000 \| 126,176 \| \| Police Training Fund \| 5,150 \| 3,000 \| 8,150 \| 5,000 \| - \| 3,150 \| \| Storm Water Fund \| 104,989 \| 82,800 \| 187,789 \| 55,300 \| (27,600) \| 104,889 \| \| Total Special Revenue Funds \| 310,495 \| 127,073 \| 437,568 \| 90,577 \| 134,400 \| 481,391 \| \| Capital Projects Funds \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| FY 2015 Street Projects Fund \| 1,878,759 \| 2,000 \| 1,880,759 \| 1,774,815 \| - \| 105,944 \| \| Total Governmental Fund Types \| 4,707,752 \| 8,282,653 \| 12,990,405 \| 10,434,142 \| 352,304 \| 2,908,567 \| \| Business-Type Activities \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Water and Sewer Funds \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Water and Sewer Operating Fund \| 969,069 \| 7,029,775 \| 7,998,844 \| 6,657,817 \| (352,304) \| 988,723 \| \| Total Business-Type Activities \| 969,069 \| 7,029,775 \| 7,998,844 \| 6,657,817 \| (352,304) \| 988,723 \| \| Total All Funds \| 5,676,821 \| 15,312,428 \| 20,989,249 \| 17,091,959 \| - \| 3,897,290 \| NOTE: Revenues and Expenditures do not include interfund transfers. ## Position Analysis \| DEPT. DEPARTMENT/TITLE \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Budget 2016-2017 \| \|------------------------\|------------------\|---------------------\|------------------\| \| \| FT PERM. \| PT PERM. \| PT TEMP. \| FTE's \| FT PERM. \| PT PERM. \| PT TEMP. \| FTE's \| FT PERM. \| PT PERM. \| PT TEMP. \| FTE's \| \| W & S Administrative \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Director of Public Works \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| \| Director of Utilities \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| \| Field Operations Superintendent \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| \| Assistant Director of Public Works \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| \| Water and Sewer Technician \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| \| Water Services Department \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Public Works Superintendent** \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| \| Assistant Director of Utilities \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| \| Water Supervisor \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| \| Maintenance Worker \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| \| Meter Service Technician* \| 2.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 2.00 \| 2.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 2.00 \| 2.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 2.00 \| \| Sewer Services Department \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Maintenance Worker \| 4.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 4.00 \| 4.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 4.00 \| 4.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 4.00 \| \| Customer Service Department \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Customer Service Manager \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| 1.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 1.00 \| \| Customer Service/UB Technician*** \| 3.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 3.00 \| 2.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 2.00 \| 2.00 \| 0.00 \| 0.00 \| 2.00 \| Total** \| \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Budget 2016-2017 \| \|----------------\|------------------\|---------------------\|------------------\| \| \| 86.00 \| 8.00 \| 3.70 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 91.83 \| 87.00 \| 7.00 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 93.33 \| 88.00 \| 7.00 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 95.33 \| \| \| * Authorized, but not funded in FY 2015, 2016 or 2017 This position is funded in FY 2015 * Moved from Customer Services department in FY 2014 ** Moved to Water Services department in FY 2014 * Moved one UB Technician to Adm Assistant - Building Inspection CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS 2016 - 2017 BUDGET GENERAL FUND GENERAL FUND REVENUES TOTAL BUDGET $8,341,265 - Property Tax: 44% - Sales Tax: 26% - Licenses & Permits: 2% - Miscellaneous: 2% - Transfers: 4% - Fines & Forfeitures: 3% - Sanitation: 11% - Franchise Tax: 8% GENERAL FUND EXPENDITURES TOTAL BUDGET $8,341,160 - Public Safety: 52% - Community Services: 15% - Community Development: 15% - General Government: 11% - Non-Departmental: 4% - Other: 3% ## City of Seagoville ### General Fund Financial Summary \| \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Amended 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|-------------------\|---------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| $2,415,419 \| $2,702,695 \| $2,702,695 \| $2,506,867 \| \| Revenues \| \| \| \| \| \| Property Tax \| $3,265,631 \| $3,377,800 \| $3,384,057 \| $3,768,772 \| \| Sales Tax \| 2,073,504 \| 2,040,040 \| 2,066,401 \| 2,170,764 \| \| Franchise Fees \| 745,813 \| 648,300 \| 646,900 \| 647,500 \| \| Sanitation Services \| 857,513 \| 901,725 \| 901,725 \| 914,500 \| \| Licenses, Permits and Fees \| 342,891 \| 204,175 \| 392,574 \| 251,125 \| \| Court and Library Fines \| 183,951 \| 238,000 \| 177,600 \| 177,200 \| \| Grants and Gifts \| 64,859 \| 24,000 \| 36,548 \| 24,000 \| \| Other Revenues \| 17,486 \| 7,500 \| 8,500 \| 7,500 \| \| City Hall Roof Repair Loan \| - \| - \| 175,000 \| - \| \| Transfers In \| 354,639 \| 424,351 \| 424,351 \| 379,904 \| \| Total Revenues \| $7,906,287 \| $7,865,891 \| $8,213,656 \| $8,341,265 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $10,321,706 \| $10,568,586 \| $10,916,351 \| $10,848,132 \| \| Expenditures \| \| \| \| \| \| General Government \| 721,030 \| 791,918 \| 802,105 \| 876,323 \| \| Public Safety \| 4,018,590 \| 4,343,039 \| 4,192,430 \| 4,349,418 \| \| Community Services \| 1,192,561 \| 1,209,389 \| 1,211,876 \| 1,222,870 \| \| Community Development \| 1,016,666 \| 1,174,693 \| 1,121,695 \| 1,229,053 \| \| Non-Departmental \| 307,077 \| 297,835 \| 288,057 \| 340,760 \| \| Salary Readjustments \| - \| 19,447 \| - \| - \| \| Salary Increase \| - \| - \| - \| 117,736 \| \| Acquisition of Quint (Debt Service) \| - \| - \| - \| 72,000 \| \| Reserve for Capital Expenditures \| 16,354 \| 10,000 \| 12,000 \| 13,000 \| \| Transfer to Street Maintenance Fund \| - \| - \| - \| 120,000 \| \| Reserve for Prepaid Expenditures \| (6,952) \| - \| - \| - \| \| Total Operations \| $7,265,326 \| $7,846,321 \| $7,628,163 \| $8,341,160 \| \| Transfers \| $800 \| - \| $0 \| $0 \| \| Increase (Decrease) in Fund Balance \| $640,161 \| $19,570 \| $585,493 \| $105 \| \| One Time Use of Fund Balance \| $352,885 \| $289,089 \| $781,321 \| $197,392 \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $2,702,695 \| $2,433,175 \| $2,506,867 \| $2,309,580 \| \| Required Fund Balance (60 Days) \| $1,194,300 \| $1,289,806 \| $1,253,945 \| $1,371,150 \| \| Amount over Required Fund Balance \| $1,508,395 \| $1,143,368 \| $1,252,923 \| $938,430 \| \| Days of Fund Balance \| 135.8 \| 113.2 \| 120.0 \| 101.1 \| \| 1 day of operations \| $19,905 \| $21,497 \| $20,899 \| $22,852 \| Property Tax Rate - 0.693100 - 0.675800 - 0.675800 NOTE: Proposed Use of Fund Balance - Acquisition of Brush Truck: $110,000 - 2 Code Enforcement Trucks: $41,603 - 2 Police Tahoes: $82,423 - Hill Street Demolition Project: $23,318 - Remodel Fire Department: $16,738 - Additional Asphalt Work: $52,954 - Stabilize Basketball Court: $7,600 - Voice Recorder: $18,249 - City Manager Settlement: $200,000 - Laserfiche: $12,922 - Website Upgrade: $20,000 - Annual Council Retreat: $6,500 - Grant Funded Equipment – Police: $12,548 - Proposed Lawn Mower Acquisition: $72,000 - Litter Crew Vehicle (reimbursed by W&S Fund): $24,761 - Debt Service Payment: $45,000 - Emergency Siren Replacement: $25,000 - Patrol Vehicle: $53,000 - Asphalt Roller: $44,000 - Server and Software Migration: $17,410 - Exchange Email Server: $15,267 - Vehicle Replacement Fund: $42,000 - City Hall Roof Repair: $173,423 - Repayment of Loan for City Hall Roof Repair: $47,412 TOTAL: $352,885, $289,089, $781,321, $197,392 ## CITY OF SEAGOVILLE ### GENERAL FUND #### REVENUES BY CATEGORY \| Category \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Adopted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|-----------------------------------------------\|------------------\|-------------------\|---------------------\|--------------------\| \| Property Taxes: \| \| \| \| \| \| 9010 Current ad valorem taxes \| 3,156,984 \| 3,275,800 \| 3,259,000 \| 3,666,772 \| \| 9020 Delinquent ad valorem taxes \| 63,334 \| 59,000 \| 78,000 \| 59,000 \| \| 9030 Penalty and interest \| 45,313 \| 43,000 \| 47,057 \| 43,000 \| \| Total Property Taxes \| 3,265,631 \| 3,377,800 \| 3,384,057 \| 3,768,772 \| \| Sales and Use Tax: \| \| \| \| \| \| 9040 Sales tax (Prop tax alternative) \| 687,986 \| 676,440 \| 689,205 \| 720,588 \| \| 9120 Sales tax \| 1,375,973 \| 1,359,600 \| 1,373,196 \| 1,441,176 \| \| 9121 Mixed beverage tax \| 9,545 \| 4,000 \| 10,000 \| 9,000 \| \| Total Sales and Use Tax \| 2,073,504 \| 2,040,040 \| 2,068,401 \| 2,170,764 \| \| Franchise Fees: \| \| \| \| \| \| 9100 Electric \| 453,821 \| 382,000 \| 382,000 \| 382,000 \| \| 9101 Gas \| 100,532 \| 87,500 \| 84,900 \| 85,000 \| \| 9102 Cable \| 42,653 \| 47,500 \| 38,500 \| 38,500 \| \| 9103 Telephone \| 72,553 \| 65,000 \| 72,000 \| 72,000 \| \| 9104 Sanitation \| 50,101 \| 46,300 \| 47,000 \| 47,000 \| \| 9105 PEG \| 16,354 \| 10,000 \| 12,000 \| 13,000 \| \| 9110 Other \| 9,000 \| 10,000 \| 10,500 \| 10,000 \| \| Total Franchise Fees \| 743,813 \| 648,300 \| 649,900 \| 647,500 \| \| Sanitation \| \| \| \| \| \| 857,513 \| 901,725 \| 901,725 \| 914,500 \| \| \| Licenses, Permits and Fees \| \| \| \| \| \| 9230 Animal Shelter \| 450 \| - \| 230 \| - \| \| 9231 Animal Shelter Donations \| (650) \| - \| - \| - \| \| 9241 Food Health Certificates \| 56,947 \| 47,000 \| 66,700 \| 65,000 \| \| 9242 Certificate of Occupancy \| 7,150 \| 9,000 \| 6,000 \| 7,000 \| \| 9244 Food Administrative Fee \| 10,953 \| 9,000 \| 13,354 \| 12,000 \| \| 9245 Beer and Wine Permit Fees \| 720 \| 200 \| 120 \| - \| \| 9246 Food Handler Certification \| 5,520 \| 4,000 \| 6,355 \| 4,500 \| \| 9250 Zoning and Plat Fees \| 7,280 \| 3,500 \| 4,150 \| 4,000 \| \| 9251 Parks Development Fee \| - \| - \| - \| - \| \| 9260 Ball Park Fees \| 1,410 \| 1,000 \| 2,000 \| - \| \| 9270 Court Admin Fees \| 793 \| 750 \| 750 \| 750 \| \| 9280 Culvert Fees \| 190 \| - \| 180 \| - \| \| 9303 Administrative Fee \| 736 \| 250 \| 725 \| 250 \| \| 9310 Building Permit Fees \| 133,710 \| 85,000 \| 140,000 \| 100,000 \| \| 9314 Subdivision Inspection Fees \| 56,645 \| - \| 92,885 \| - \| \| 9315 Fire Dept Permits \| 31,725 \| 20,000 \| 32,000 \| 30,000 \| \| 9320 Pool Permits \| 924 \| 500 \| 500 \| 1,000 \| \| 9330 Misc Licenses \| 10,145 \| 8,000 \| 11,000 \| 10,000 \| \| 9409 Court Online Fees \| 599 \| 750 \| 400 \| 500 \| \| 9760 Burglar Alarm Fees \| 8,515 \| 6,100 \| 6,100 \| 7,000 \| \| 9770 Tower Rental Fees \| 9,125 \| 9,125 \| 9,125 \| 9,125 \| \| Total Licenses, Permits and Fees \| 342,891 \| 204,175 \| 392,574 \| 251,125 \| \| Court and Library Fines \| \| \| \| \| \| 9410 Court \| 181,349 \| 235,000 \| 175,000 \| 175,000 \| \| 9420 Library \| 2,602 \| 3,000 \| 2,600 \| 2,200 \| \| Total Fines \| 183,951 \| 238,000 \| 177,600 \| 177,200 \| \| Grants and Gifts \| \| \| \| \| \| 9510 Senior Grants \| 19,809 \| 20,000 \| 10,000 \| 20,000 \| \| 9515 Senior Center Adm Reimbursement \| 24,174 \| - \| 10,000 \| - \| \| 9531 Capital Acquisition Grant \| 15,000 \| - \| 12,548 \| - \| \| 9550 Senior Part. Contrib. Meals \| 5,876 \| 4,000 \| 4,000 \| 4,000 \| \| Other \| \| \| \| \| \| 9610 Interest \| 2,053 \| 1,500 \| 2,500 \| 1,500 \| \| 9720 Sale of Land Assets \| - \| - \| - \| - \| \| 9730 Misc \| 15,433 \| 6,000 \| 6,000 \| 6,000 \| \| 9745 Liens \| - \| - \| - \| - \| \| 9910 Debt Proceeds \| - \| - \| 175,000 \| - \| \| Insurance Recovery \| - \| - \| - \| - \| \| Transfers \| \| \| \| \| \| 9111 Franchise - Water \| 74,826 \| 74,826 \| 74,826 \| 74,826 \| \| 9112 Franchise - Sewer \| 79,034 \| 79,034 \| 79,034 \| 79,034 \| \| SAFER Fund \| 2,335 \| - \| - \| - \| \| Drainage Fund \| - \| 27,600 \| 27,600 \| 27,600 \| \| 9620 G&A Recovery W&S \| 198,444 \| 242,891 \| 242,891 \| 198,444 \| \| TOTAL REVENUES \| 7,906,287 \| 7,865,891 \| 8,213,656 \| 8,341,265 \| ### Property Tax Rate History \| Fiscal Year \| 2009 \| 2010 \| 2011 \| 2012 \| 2013 \| 2014 \| 2015 \| 2016 \| \|-------------\|--------\|--------\|--------\|--------\|--------\|--------\|--------\|--------\| \| General Fund\| $0.54970 \| $0.56980 \| $0.58065 \| $0.64872 \| $0.67179 \| $0.69296 \| $0.69310 \| $0.67581 \| \| Debt Service\| $0.08530 \| $0.08020 \| $0.08435 \| $0.04213 \| $0.01907 \| $0.02084 \| $0.02071 \| $0.03800 \| \| TOTAL \| $0.63500 \| $0.65000 \| $0.66500 \| $0.69085 \| $0.69085 \| $0.71379 \| $0.71381 \| $0.71381 \| ### Sales Tax History \| Fiscal Year \| 2010 \| 2011 \| 2012 \| 2013 \| 2014 \| 2015 \| 2016 proj \| 2017 est \| \|-------------\|----------\|----------\|----------\|----------\|----------\|----------\|-----------\|----------\| \| Sales Tax \| $1,967,218 \| $1,982,766 \| $1,929,721 \| $2,014,198 \| $2,073,358 \| $2,073,504 \| $2,066,401 \| $2,170,764 \| ## City of Seagoville ### General Fund Summary of Expenditures \| Expenditures \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Adopted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|---------------------------------------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|---------------------\|--------------------\| \| City Council \| $1,810 \| $5,450 \| $3,064 \| $9,450 \| \| City Manager \| 130,654 \| 163,193 \| 181,639 \| 206,358 \| \| City Secretary \| 106,475 \| 116,241 \| 111,333 \| 112,980 \| \| Information Technology \| 73,633 \| 79,259 \| 79,259 \| 93,759 \| \| Human Resources \| 101,888 \| 105,781 \| 107,571 \| 107,744 \| \| Finance \| 306,570 \| 321,994 \| 319,239 \| 346,032 \| \| General Government \| $721,030 \| $791,918 \| $802,105 \| $876,323 \| \| Police \| 1,783,379 \| 1,909,333 \| 1,777,602 \| 1,872,657 \| \| Fire \| 1,443,916 \| 1,536,599 \| 1,536,082 \| 1,539,216 \| \| EMS \| 164,080 \| 164,080 \| 164,080 \| 164,080 \| \| Support Services \| 513,271 \| 601,573 \| 590,629 \| 657,410 \| \| Animal Control \| 113,944 \| 131,454 \| 124,037 \| 116,055 \| \| Public Safety \| $4,018,590 \| $4,343,039 \| $4,192,430 \| $4,349,418 \| \| Municipal Court \| 153,081 \| 168,750 \| 160,097 \| 158,797 \| \| Library \| 166,681 \| 167,688 \| 169,834 \| 174,636 \| \| Senior Center \| 186,248 \| 190,031 \| 190,532 \| 192,037 \| \| Sanitation \| 686,551 \| 682,920 \| 691,413 \| 697,400 \| \| Community Services \| $1,192,561 \| $1,209,389 \| $1,211,876 \| $1,222,870 \| \| Building Services/Code Enforcement \| \| \| \| \| \| Building Inspection and Services \| 177,451 \| 191,946 \| 194,735 \| 253,181 \| \| Code Enforcement \| 169,141 \| 170,029 \| 186,760 \| 172,428 \| \| Streets \| 397,997 \| 521,255 \| 447,682 \| 492,832 \| \| Parks \| 213,505 \| 226,663 \| 225,667 \| 230,331 \| \| Planning \| 58,572 \| 64,800 \| 66,851 \| 80,281 \| \| Community Development \| $1,016,666 \| $1,174,693 \| $1,121,695 \| $1,229,053 \| \| Non-Departmental \| $307,077 \| $297,835 \| $288,057 \| $340,760 \| \| Reserve for Capital Expenditures (PEG) \| $16,354 \| $10,000 \| $12,000 \| $13,000 \| \| Total Operations \| $7,272,278 \| $7,826,874 \| $7,628,163 \| $8,031,424 \| \| Transfers \| $800 \| $0 \| $45,000 \| \| \| TOTAL OPERATIONS AND TRANSFERS \| $7,273,078 \| $7,826,874 \| $7,673,163 \| $8,031,424 \| City Council 1. Legislative and policymaking body of the City. 2. Approves annual budget and sets tax rates 3. Adopts ordinances and resolutions ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| GENERAL GOVERNMENT \| 01/01 \| \| CITY COUNCIL \| \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|--------------------------\|-------\|-------\|-------\|-------\| \| \| ACTUAL\| AMENDED\| BUDGET\| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| \| \| \| \| \| SUPPLIES \| \| \| \| \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 1,810 \| 5,450 \| 3,064 \| 9,450 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 1,810 \| 5,450 \| 3,064 \| 9,450 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|--------------------------\|-------\|-------\|-------\|-------\| \| \| ACTUAL\| AMENDED\| BUDGET\| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT\| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: City Manager 1. Responsible for implementing and carrying out the goals & objectives set forth by the City Council. 2. Responsible for the operations of the entire city. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS City Manager PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Office of City Manager is responsible for the day to day operations of the City including the hiring and supervision of all City department heads. The City Manager’s office provides leadership and management in all levels of the organization. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Manage City services within the parameters of the FY 2017 budget. Conduct joint senior management – citizen monthly meetings. Provide leadership to economic development efforts to grow the City’s tax base. Implement City Council ordinances and resolutions. Conduct an annual review of all City operations. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| GENERAL GOVERNMENT \| 01/02 \| \| CITY MANAGER \| \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| 130,654 \| 162,593 \| 180,999 \| 202,818 \| \| SUPPLIES \| \| \| 40 \| \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| \| 600 \| 600 \| 3,540 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 130,654 \| 163,193 \| 181,639 \| 206,358 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| City Manager \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: NOTE: Administrative Assistant position is unfunded. \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| City Council Meetings\| 24 \| 24 \| 24 \| 24 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| Operating Budget $ per Capita (General Fund) \| $ 472.08 \| $ 517.31 \| $ 489.61 \| $ 535.38 \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| Number of Days of Fund Reserve in General Fund and Water and Sewer Fund (Council Policy = 60 Days) \| \| \| \| \| \| General Fund \| 135.8 \| 113.2 \| 120.0 \| 101.1 \| \| Water and Sewer Fund \| 60.8 \| 46.2 \| 69.3 \| 62.6 \| City Secretary 1. Posts notices, attends & records all Council meetings. 2. Administers elections. 3. Administers state-mandated records management program. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS City Secretary PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Office of City Secretary strives to provide information and service to the citizens and the City Council by administering a state-mandated records management program, coordinating boards and commissions appointments, preparing official minutes for all Council meetings, preparing agenda packets for City Council meetings, retaining the corporate seal of the City, conducting City elections, and ensuring codification of the City’s ordinances. This office also assists with special events such as receptions and also supplies secretarial and administrative support to the Mayor and City Council as needed. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Conduct Records Management Program in accordance with State law. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 (continued) CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Administer all City elections in full compliance with the City Charter and the Texas Election Code. Post Council minutes on the City’s website within 3 days upon approval. Post agendas 72 hours before public meetings as required by state law. Post approved ordinances on the City’s website prior to the annual codification of the Code of Ordinances. Fill all Public Information requests in a timely manner and in accordance to the Public Information Act. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| GENERAL GOVERNMENT \| 01/03 \| \| CITY SECRETARY \| \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| 90,671 \| 91,508 \| 91,508 \| 91,420 \| \| SUPPLIES \| 362 \| 1,400 \| 1,455 \| 1,475 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 15,442 \| 24,150 \| 18,370 \| 20,085 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 106,475 \| 117,058 \| 111,333 \| 112,980 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| City Secretary \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: City Secretary Office \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|-------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| City Council meetings\| 25 \| 22 \| 27 \| 25 \| \| Ordinances adopted \| 29 \| 30 \| 37 \| 33 \| \| Resolutions adopted \| 49 \| 45 \| 65 \| 50 \| \| Preparation of Council agenda packets \| 19 \| 20 \| 23 \| 20 \| \| Elections held \| 1 \| 1 \| 2 \| 1 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| Quantity of records deemed eligible for destruction and destroyed \| 63 boxes \| 45 boxes \| 46 boxes \| 45 boxes \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| Percent of approved Council Minutes posted on website within 3 days of approval \| 99% \| 99% \| 99% \| 99% \| Information Technology 1. Administer contract with Baxter Technology Services to maintain the City’s technology systems. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| GENERAL GOVERNMENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY \| 01/22 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|------------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROJECTED \| PROPOSED \| \| PERSONNEL \| \| \| \| \| \| SUPPLIES \| \| \| \| \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 68,194 \| 73,259 \| 73,259 \| 73,259 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| 5,440 \| 23,410 \| 23,410 \| 23,500 \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 73,633 \| 96,669 \| 96,669 \| 96,759 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|------------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROJECTED \| PROPOSED \| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Personnel: Director position defunded. IT operations managed by a third party service firm. Contractual Services: Additional resources provided for third party service firm. The City switched to a new company in FY 2014. Human Resources 1. Provide centralized personnel services (hiring, benefits) for all city departments. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Human Resources PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Director of Human Resources serves as support for all City departments and employees by administering all employee related activities, interpreting and updating policies, monitoring and accurately maintaining employee records, managing group benefits and workers’ compensation, all city insurance activity and keeping the City in compliance with all applicable employment laws. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (6) – RETAIN AND ATTRACT QUALITY EMPLOYEES Provide a continually improving and competitive benefits package, including educating employees regarding their existing benefits. Analyze online training options GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (6) – RETAIN AND ATTRACT QUALITY EMPLOYEES (continued) Provide recommendations, advice and support to all City departments and employees to help employees to succeed in their jobs and improve communications. Review and revise the employee policy and procedures manual, ensuring compliance with applicable federal and state laws. Effectively communicate policies and procedures to all employees. Establish consistent and informative ongoing communication between HR, employees, supervisors and directors. Ensure that each department complies with all employment regulations. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| GENERAL GOVERNMENT \| 01/23 \| \| HUMAN RESOURCES \| \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| 95,624 \| 97,152 \| 97,152 \| 97,044 \| \| SUPPLIES \| 501 \| 1,529 \| 939 \| 1,400 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 5,764 \| 7,980 \| 9,480 \| 9,300 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 101,888 \| 106,661 \| 107,571 \| 107,744 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Director \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Human Resources \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| Number of Grievances \| 1 \| 1 \| 2 \| 1 \| \| Job Postings \| 9 \| 1 \| 8 \| 3 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| Provide on-site training at reduced or no cost (Including On-line Training) \| 2 \| 5 \| 3 \| 4 \| \| Implement Wellness Program \| N/A \| Yes \| Yes \| Yes \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| Percentage of turnover as a measure of staff stability and staff satisfaction \| 8% \| 2% \| 3% \| 3% \| \| Number of Workers' Compensation Claims \| 11 \| 2 \| 5 \| 3 \| \| Percentage of employees receiving annual performance evaluations \| 50% \| 75% \| 100% \| 100% \| Finance 1. Handles financial affairs, i.e., disbursement and investing city funds 2. Manages the bond and debt service requirements. 3. Responsible for internal and external financial reporting. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Finance program is responsible for providing quality financial services to the citizens and customers of the City of Seagoville in a professional manner. Specific responsibilities include, but are not limited to, accounts payable, payroll, fixed assets, banking services, investments, debt management, internal and external financial reporting and annual budget preparation. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Obtain the GFOA financial reporting achievement award for the FY 2016 comprehensive annual financial report. Obtain the GFOA distinguished budget presentation award for the FY 2017 annual budget document. Prepare and distribute an Operating Budget in Brief document. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| GENERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCE \| 01/04 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|------------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| 252,666 \| 270,912 \| \| \| \| SUPPLIES \| 377 \| 500 \| 450 \| 500 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 53,527 \| 60,650 \| 53,866 \| 61,500 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 306,570 \| 332,062 \| 319,239 \| 346,032 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|------------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Director of Finance \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Senior Accountant \| 1 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| Assistant Finance Director \| 0 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Finance Technician \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 3 \| 3 \| 3 \| 3 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 3 \| 3 \| 3 \| 3 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Finance \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| Operating Bank Reconciliation \| 12 \| 12 \| 12 \| 12 \| \| Retirement Reports Processed \| 12 \| 12 \| 12 \| 12 \| \| Department Budgetary Reports Distributed \| 12 \| 12 \| 12 \| 12 \| \| Payroll Bank Reconciliation \| 12 \| 12 \| 12 \| 12 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| %tage of Accounts Payable Customers Setup with Automatic Draft Payments \| 45% \| 45% \| 45% \| 45% \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| Inhouse Completion of the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report \| Yes \| Yes \| Yes \| Yes \| \| Receive GFOA Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting \| Yes \| Yes \| Yes \| Yes \| \| Receive GFOA Distinguished Budget Presentation Award \| Yes \| Yes \| Yes \| Yes \| Police 1. Provides law enforcement and public safety to the citizens of Seagoville. 2. Provides 24 hour police patrol & emergency response. 3. Provide support and follow up investigations on all open cases. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Seagoville Police Department is committed to being responsive to our community in the delivery of quality services by providing high quality community oriented police service with sensitivity. With community service as our foundation, we are driven by goals to enhance the quality of life for all citizens through innovative approaches to problem solving, crime prevention, and teamwork. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (1) – PROVIDE QUALITY SAFETY SERVICES Continue to reduce the occurrences of Part I Crimes in the City. Continue to maintain compliance standards with the Texas Police Chief’s Best Practices Program. Original certification was obtained in February 2013. Continue to offer Crime Prevention Programs throughout the fiscal year. Provide a minimum of two (2) Citizens Police Academies. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 (continued) CITYWIDE GOAL (6) – RETAIN AND ATTRACT QUALITY EMPLOYEES Provide a minimum of ten (10) on-site TCLEOSE approved law enforcement training courses at the Seagoville Law Enforcement Center. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| PUBLIC SAFETY POLICE \| 01/08 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROJECTED \| PROPOSED \| \| PERSONNEL \| 1,621,460 \| 1,718,962 \| 1,605,444 \| 1,677,575 \| \| SUPPLIES \| 110,304 \| 128,057 \| 108,786 \| 128,057 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 51,616 \| 72,750 \| 63,372 \| 67,025 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 1,783,379 \| 1,919,769 \| 1,777,602 \| 1,872,657 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROJECTED \| PROPOSED \| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Chief \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Captain \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Sergeant \| 5 \| 5 \| 6 \| 6 \| \| Police Officer \| 16 \| 16 \| 15 \| 15 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 23 \| 23 \| 23 \| 23 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Crossing Guard \| 0.3 \| 0.3 \| 0.3 \| 0.3 \| \| Police Officer \| 0.7 \| 0.7 \| 0.7 \| 0.7 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 24 \| 24 \| 24 \| 24 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Police \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|---------------------------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|-------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| Calls for Service \| 30,903 \| 15,500 \| 29,572 \| 16,275 \| \| Arrests \| 433 \| 700 \| 529 \| 735 \| \| Citation Violations \| 1,369 \| 1,750 \| 1,536 \| 1,838 \| \| Part I Crimes \| 518 \| 625 \| 584 \| 656 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| Sworn Officers per 1,000 Population \| 1.56 \| 1.59 \| 1.56 \| 1.54 \| \| Part Time Police Officers per 1,000 Population \| 0.13 \| 0.19 \| 0.13 \| 0.12 \| \| Reserve Police Officers per 1,000 Population \| 0.06 \| 0.06 \| 0.06 \| 0.12 \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| Value of Property Stolen \| $1,581,835 \| $1,700,000 \| $1,537,787 \| $1,785,000 \| \| Value of Property Recovered \| $814,429 \| $675,000 \| $746,539 \| $708,750 \| Fire 1. Provides 24-hour fire protection and emergency medical services. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Seagoville Fire Department protects our citizens and visitors by minimizing the loss of life and property resulting from fire, medical emergencies and other disasters in such a manner that will retain the public’s support and confidence in all aspects of service delivery. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (1) – PROVIDE QUALITY SAFETY SERVICES 100% of the time, the ambulance service shall answer all Priority 1 (life threatening emergency request) within 5 minutes 30 seconds or less from time of dispatch to arrival at the scene. The fire department expects to perform 575 fire inspections in FY 2017 Perform flow tests, maintenance and painting of 525 fire hydrants in FY 2017 Maintain an average response time on all incidents below 5 minutes ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| PUBLIC SAFETY FIRE \| 01/11 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| 1,355,788 \| 1,428,387 \| 1,427,978 \| 1,428,284 \| \| SUPPLIES \| 47,989 \| 69,643 \| 64,543 \| 69,643 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 40,140 \| 49,461 \| 43,561 \| 49,561 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 1,443,916 \| 1,547,491 \| 1,536,082 \| 1,547,488 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Chief \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Captain \| 3 \| 3 \| 3 \| 3 \| \| Lieutenant \| 3 \| 3 \| 3 \| 3 \| \| Firefighter \| 12 \| 12 \| 12 \| 12 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 19 \| 19 \| 19 \| 19 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Firefighter \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 20 \| 20 \| 20 \| 20 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Fire \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| Number of Fire and EMS Responses \| 2,652 \| 2,950 \| 2,550 \| 2,750 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| Fire and EMS Cost Per Capita \| $104.48 \| $110.08 \| $109.12 \| $109.33 \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| Average response times. \| 4:30 \| 4:40 \| 4:35 \| 4:35 \| \| Percent of Priority I emergency responses in the city within 7:59 minute response time. \| 97% \| 97% \| 98% \| 98% \| EMS 1. Administer contract with Texas Lifeline Corporation (TLC) to provide paramedic ambulance services to the citizens of Seagoville. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| PUBLIC SAFETY EMS \| 01/19 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|------------------------\|-------\|-------\|-------\|-------\| \| \| ACTUAL\| AMENDED\| BUDGET\| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| \| \| \| \| \| SUPPLIES \| \| \| \| \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 164,080\| 164,080\| 164,080\| 164,080\| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 164,080\| 164,080\| 164,080\| 164,080\| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|------------------------\|-------\|-------\|-------\|-------\| \| \| ACTUAL\| AMENDED\| BUDGET\| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Support Services Records 1. Manages all police reports including paperless reports entered through the computerized management system. Communications 1. Dispatches fire, police and emergency medical services for the City of Seagoville. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Records Program manages all police reports including paperless reports. Staff also assists with providing copies of reports and responding to open records requests. The Communications Program dispatches fire, police and emergency medical services for the City of Seagoville. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (1) – PROVIDE QUALITY SAFETY SERVICES Complete the Texas Department of Public Safety NCIC and TCIC audits with no deficiencies. Continue to conform to the Texas Police Chief’s Association Best Practices Standards for Communications. CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Continue to coordinate records retention and destruction with the City Secretary’s Office. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 (continued) CITYWIDE GOAL (6) – RETAIN AND ATTRACT QUALITY EMPLOYEES Continue to provide TCLEOSE approved training to staff assigned to Support Services. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| PUBLIC SAFETY SUPPORT SERVICES \| 01/17 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|------------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| 473,288 \| 557,185 \| \| \| \| SUPPLIES \| 5,539 \| 6,946 \| 6,219 \| 6,946 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 32,482 \| 38,044 \| 27,875 \| 38,044 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| 1,962 \| 3,249 \| 3,150 \| 3,549 \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 513,271 \| 605,424 \| 590,629 \| 657,410 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|------------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Supervisor \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Technician \| 7 \| 7 \| 9 \| 9 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 8 \| 8 \| 10 \| 10 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Operator \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| Technician \| 0.75 \| 0.75 \| 0.75 \| 0.75 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0.75 \| 0.75 \| 0.75 \| 0.75 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 8.75 \| 8.75 \| 10.75 \| 10.75 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Support Services \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| E911 Phone Calls \| 16,092 \| 15,800 \| 16,335 \| 16,590 \| \| Alarm Permits Issued \| 77 \| 54 \| 75 \| 57 \| \| Open Records Requests \| 1,007 \| 898 \| 968 \| 943 \| \| All Dispatched Calls for Service (Police and Fire) \| 30,903 \| 31,500 \| 29,572 \| 33,075 \| \| Customers Assisted at the Front Window \| 3,039 \| 2,500 \| 3,060 \| 2,625 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| Full-Time Support Services Staff per 1,000 Residents \| 0.64 \| 0.59 \| 0.64 \| 0.64 \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| Complete the Department of Public Safety NCIC and TCIC audits with no deficiencies. \| None \| None \| None \| Pending \| Animal Control 1. Provides animal control services. 2. Maintains local animal shelter. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Animal Control Program is committed to providing sanitary shelter for lost and stray animals, implementing and enforcing the animal licensing program, obtaining veterinary medical care as required, promoting rabies vaccinations and investigating animal complaints. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (1) – PROVIDE QUALITY SAFETY SERVICES Maintain the “no kill” philosophy within the program. CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Continue to maintain a satisfactory rating from the State Department of Health Services and the annual veterinary inspection. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 (continued) CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Continue to work with our Records Management System provider to build a CAD module to track response times. CITYWIDE GOAL (4) – SUPPORT ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES Facilitate continued expansion of the volunteer program. Facilitate the continued partnership with the Dallas ISD Agricultural Education Program. Create and provide public education classes concerning responsible pet ownership. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| PUBLIC SAFETY ANIMAL CONTROL \| 01/05 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| 95,617 \| 102,712 \| 102,712 \| 93,080 \| \| SUPPLIES \| 8,968 \| 12,305 \| 10,405 \| 12,505 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 9,358 \| 12,470 \| 10,920 \| 10,470 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 113,944 \| 127,487 \| 124,037 \| 116,055 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Animal Control Manager/Police Officer \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 0 \| \| Animal Control Officer \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Animal Control Attendant \| 0.5 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0.5 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 1.5 \| 2 \| 2 \| 2 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Animal Control \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| Calls for Service \| 3,044 \| 3,500 \| 2,931 \| 3,675 \| \| Canine Intakes \| 514 \| 625 \| 447 \| 656 \| \| Feline Intakes \| 177 \| 155 \| 143 \| 163 \| \| Animal Quarantines \| 1 \| 7 \| 3 \| 7 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| Animal Control Officer per 1,000 population \| 0.13 \| 0.13 \| 0.13 \| 0.13 \| \| Average Cost per Call Serviced \| $37.43 \| $45.00 \| $42.32 \| $32.36 \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| Satisfactory Rating from State Department of Health Services \| Yes \| Yes \| Yes \| Yes \| Municipal Court 1. Collects fines, fees and state costs. 2. Schedules court hearings & generates production of arrest warrants. 3. Maintains records relating to court proceedings. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Municipal Court PROGRAM DESCRIPTION To adjudicate municipal cases in an efficient and impartial manner and promote the highest standards in customer service. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (1) – PROVIDE QUALITY SAFETY SERVICES Upgrade the court software to notify/remind defendants of court dates and payments. CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Increase online payments by 5%. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| COMMUNITY SERVICES \| 01/12 \| \| MUNICIPAL COURT \| \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| 103,297 \| 106,786 \| 106,786 \| 106,822 \| \| SUPPLIES \| \| 150 \| 150 \| 150 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 49,784 \| 62,712 \| 53,161 \| 51,825 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 153,081 \| 169,648 \| 160,097 \| 158,797 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Court Administrator \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Court Clerk \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 2 \| 2 \| 2 \| 2 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 2 \| 2 \| 2 \| 2 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Municipal Court \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|-------------------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| # CASES PROCESSED \| 2,211 \| 2,213 \| 1,548 \| 1,860 \| \| # WARRANTS ISSUED \| 1,463 \| 1,177 \| 1,068 \| 1,284 \| \| # CASES FILED \| 2,421 \| 1,614 \| 1,692 \| 2,028 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| # ONLINE PAYMENTS \| 367 \| 319 \| 252 \| 300 \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| % WARRANTS CLEARED \| 89% \| 47% \| 86% \| 96% \| Library Provide material and services to fulfill the informational, recreational and educational needs of the residents of Seagoville. The term "residents" encompasses individuals and groups of every age, education, philosophy, occupation, economic level, ethnic origin and human condition. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Seagoville Library enriches the community by sparking a love of learning in its youth and nourishing that love in its adult citizens. The Library is a vibrant touch-point for learning and exploration offering a personal approach that creates a welcoming environment for all members of the community. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Develop comprehensive long range plan. Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the library’s print reference material to determine if library space can be reallocated for other uses. CITYWIDE GOAL (3) – PROVIDE QUALITY LEISURE OPPORTUNITIES Continue to provide the summer reading program, story time for preschoolers, open wi fi access, and 10 computer workstations available to library patrons. Maintain access to Overdrive e-books and audio books. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| COMMUNITY SERVICES LIBRARY \| 01/13 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| 148,707 \| 151,401 \| \| \| \| SUPPLIES \| 1,051 \| 1,350 \| 1,350 \| 1,350 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 4,104 \| 4,675 \| 3,520 \| 4,425 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| 12,819 \| 14,000 \| 14,000 \| 14,000 \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 166,681 \| 171,426 \| 169,834 \| 174,636 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Library Director \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Library Assistant \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 2 \| 2 \| 2 \| 2 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Library Clerk \| 0.5 \| 0.5 \| 0.5 \| 0.5 \| \| Library Clerk \| 0.5 \| 0.5 \| 0.5 \| 0.5 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 3 \| 3 \| 3 \| 3 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Library \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|---------------------------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|-------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| Library Visits \| 13,080 \| 13,441 \| 13,605 \| 13,800 \| \| Items Circulated \| 31,912 \| 28,163 \| 30,090 \| 31,000 \| \| New Patron Cards Issued \| 786 \| 857 \| 849 \| 875 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| Number of Library Visits per Library Employee \| 4,360 \| 4,480 \| 4,535 \| 4,600 \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| Percentage of City Population Served \| 25% \| 25% \| 24% \| 25% \| Senior Center 1. Provides activities for senior citizens. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Seagoville Senior Center is reaching out to persons 60 years of age and older with the greatest economic and social needs, with particular attention to individuals residing in Seagoville. We plan, develop and coordinate services that ensure positive impact to our participants’ health, honor and dignity. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (3) – PROVIDE QUALITY LEISURE OPPORTUNITIES Conduct outreach to seniors through presentations at senior living apartments, center brochures, monthly calendars, weekly newspaper, welcome coffee, phone calls and word of mouth. In association with STAR transit services, provide medical transportation to any disabled person or senior 60 years or older living within the city limits of Seagoville. Provide transportation to and from the senior center 5 days a week. To serve a congregate meal 5 days a week to any qualifying person 60 years of age or older or their spouse. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| COMMUNITY SERVICES SENIOR CENTER \| 01/14 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| 112,434 \| 116,601 \| 117,102 \| 117,587 \| \| SUPPLIES \| 3,683 \| 3,800 \| 4,200 \| 4,300 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 70,131 \| 69,630 \| 69,230 \| 70,150 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 186,248 \| 190,031 \| 190,532 \| 192,037 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Manager \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Outreach Worker \| 0.5 \| 0.75 \| 0.75 \| 0.75 \| \| Van Driver \| 0.25 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| Maintenance Worker \| 0.5 \| 0.5 \| 0.5 \| 0.5 \| \| Food Server \| 0.33 \| 0.33 \| 0.33 \| 0.33 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 1.58 \| 1.58 \| 1.58 \| 1.58 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 2.58 \| 2.58 \| 2.58 \| 2.58 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| Meals Served \| 11,200 \| 11,050 \| 11,050 \| 11,550 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| Cost Per Meal Served \| $3.70 \| $3.70 \| $3.70 \| $3.75 \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| Senior Center Customer Satisfaction Survey \| 99% \| 99% \| 99% \| 99% \| Sanitation 1. Administer the contract with Republic Services for city-wide solid waste removal. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| COMMUNITY SERVICES SANITATION \| 01/16 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|------------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| \| \| \| \| \| SUPPLIES \| \| \| \| \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 686,551 \| 682,920 \| 691,413 \| 697,400 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 686,551 \| 682,920 \| 691,413 \| 697,400 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|------------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Building Inspection and Services Building Inspection 1. Reviews plans and performs on-site inspections for compliance. 2. Issues permits and certificates. Building Services 1. Maintain City buildings. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Building Inspection and Services PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Building Inspection program provides public safety by enforcing local and state regulations and codes relative to the construction, enlargement, alteration, repair, demolition, occupancy, etc., of all buildings or structures in the city. Building Services strives to maintain a clean, safe and effective environment for city employees at city facilities. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (4) – SUPPORT ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES The goal of the Building Inspection Department is to provide customer service to the citizens of Seagoville and the construction community by providing a safe, durably built environment through the enforcement of the codes and standards adopted by the City of Seagoville throughout FY 2017. Building Maintenance will provide a clean and healthy environment at City Hall and at the Police Department on a weekly basis for city employees and citizens of our community to conduct their business. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT \| 01/06 \| \| BUILDING INSPECTION AND SERVICES \| \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| PERSONNEL \| 126,200 \| 139,121 \| 137,905 \| 194,881 \| \| SUPPLIES \| 3,713 \| 6,800 \| 6,020 \| 6,600 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 47,538 \| 56,425 \| 50,810 \| 51,700 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 177,451 \| 202,346 \| 194,735 \| 253,181 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Chief Building Official \| 1 \| 1 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| Community Development Director \| 0 \| 0 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Building Maintenance Technician \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Administrative Assistant \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 2 \| 2 \| 2 \| 3 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 2 \| 2 \| 2 \| 3 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Code Enforcement separated from Building Inspection/Building Services in FY 2015. PERSONNEL - Administrative Assistant position added in FY 2016. Position moved from W&S Customer Service. ## Department: Building Inspection and Building Services \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| Number of Building Inspections \| 2,300 \| 2,400 \| 2,460 \| 2,500 \| \| Number of Facilities Cleaned \| 2 daily \| 2 daily \| 4 \| 4 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| Average Time to Complete an Inspection (minutes) \| \| \| \| \| \| Certificate of Occupancy \| 45 \| 45 \| 45 \| 45 \| \| Frame Inspection \| 45 \| 45 \| 45 \| 45 \| \| Plumbing Inspection \| 25 \| 25 \| 25 \| 25 \| \| Roof Inspection \| 15 \| 15 \| 15 \| 15 \| \| Slab Inspection \| 35 \| 35 \| 35 \| 35 \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| Ensure all Building Projects Meet Recognized Standards for Building Safety and Code Compliance \| 100% \| 100% \| 100% \| 100% \| Streets 1. Maintain approximately 85 street lane miles, filling potholes, cleaning ditches, maintaining signage and pavement markings in the City. 2. Takes care of illegal dumping, sanding streets during icy weather, culvert installation & maintenance. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Streets City Manager Director of Community Development Maintenance Employees PROGRAM DESCRIPTION Maintain Seagoville’s transportation infrastructure in a timely manner, and for sign maintenance and/or replacement. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (5) – INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Provide superior pavement maintenance services by performing preventive maintenance repairs to various streets annually. Install, upgrade and maintain adequate signage in compliance with the Texas Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Take monthly training classes. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT \| 01/15 \| \| STREETS \| \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 AMENDED \| FY 16 PROJECTED \| FY 17 PROPOSED \| \|------------------------\|---------\|---------------\|-----------------\|----------------\| \| PERSONNEL \| 25,429 \| 117,083 \| 86,177 \| 115,832 \| \| SUPPLIES \| 46,497 \| 48,000 \| 44,100 \| 47,400 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 326,071 \| 333,800 \| 317,405 \| 329,600 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 397,997 \| 498,883 \| 447,682 \| 492,832 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 AMENDED \| FY 16 PROJECTED \| FY 17 PROPOSED \| \|------------------------\|---------\|---------------\|-----------------\|----------------\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Streets Maintenance Worker \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Litter Crew Worker \| 0 \| 2 \| 2 \| 2 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 1 \| 3 \| 3 \| 3 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 1 \| 3 \| 3 \| 3 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Streets \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| Number of street lane miles. Repaint all school crosswalks prior to beginning of school. \| 85 Yes \| 85 Yes \| 85 Yes \| 85 Yes \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| Operating cost per Lane Mile \| $4,925.00 \| $4,857.00 \| $5,266.85 \| $5,798.02 \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| % of potholes and utility cut repair requests completed within 48 Hrs. Number of street signs replaced within 30 day time frame. \| 80% 90% \| 100% 100% \| 100% 100% \| 100% 100% \| Parks 1. Groundkeeping services for 8 parks and other City facilities. 2. Routine repair and maintenance of park facilities and equipment. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Parks City Manager Director of Community Development Maintenance Employee PROGRAM DESCRIPTION To provide quality leisure experiences, facilities and programs for the citizens of Seagoville regardless of age or abilities, and to serve as stewards of our parks and natural open space. The Park Department maintains eight (8) parks, approximately 2.5 miles of medians, the Law Enforcement Center lawn, the City Hall lawn, the Service Center grounds, and other miscellaneous properties throughout Seagoville. Other than grounds keeping, daily maintenance is done on playground equipment, restroom facilities, ball fields, park signage, Central Park pond and fountain, park benches and canopies, lighting, and other items. Additionally, the Parks and Recreation Department offers special events such as the Patriotic Festival in July, and carnivals. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (3) – PROVIDE QUALITY LEISURE OPPORTUNITIES Operate the newly installed spray park at C.O. Bruce Park Host the annual Patriotic Festival, Seagofest, Fishing Derby, Holiday Tree Lighting and Mayfest. CITYWIDE GOAL (5) – INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Engage in beautification and enhancement of City parks and facilities. Provide upgrades to facilities to improve user satisfaction. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PARKS \| 01/18 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| 44,278 \| 45,413 \| 46,397 \| 49,331 \| \| SUPPLIES \| 47,406 \| 55,300 \| 53,720 \| 55,350 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 129,421 \| 125,950 \| 125,550 \| 125,650 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 221,105 \| 226,663 \| 225,667 \| 230,331 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Crew Leader \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Maintenance Apprentice\| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Parks \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| Number of park acres maintained \| 106 \| 106 \| 106 \| 106 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| Park maintenance operating cost per capita \| $14.15 \| $14.74 \| $14.92 \| $15.22 \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| Achieve 100% maintenance on 106 acres of parks. \| 100% \| 100% \| 100% \| 100% \| Planning 1. Processes and reviews all zoning applications, plat applications, development plans and various appeals. 2. Adheres to and maintains the Comprehensive Plan of the City PROGRAM DESCRIPTION To provide for proper planning to achieve the best use and development of land; adequate thoroughfares; and proper landscaping on behalf of the citizens of Seagoville. The Planning Department addresses all present and future development, planning, zoning, and subdivision needs. The Planning Technician is the liaison and secretary for the Planning and Zoning Commission, the Board of Adjustments, and the Housing Standards Commission. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (4) – SUPPORT ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES Update the City’s website to include more detail information and forms. Develop indexing system for approved commercial plans. Create information sheets and/or packets for submittal requirements on each type of plan and each type of permit. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING \| 01/09 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROJECTED \| PROPOSED \| \| PERSONNEL \| 52,929 \| 54,206 \| 54,594 \| 54,231 \| \| SUPPLIES \| \| \| \| \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 5,643 \| 11,050 \| 12,257 \| 26,050 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 58,572 \| 65,256 \| 66,851 \| 80,281 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROJECTED \| PROPOSED \| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Planning Technician \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Contractual Services: Increase in resources for consulting services. ## Department: Planning \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY2015 Actual \| FY2016 Budget \| FY2016 Projected \| FY2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|---------------\|---------------\|------------------\|---------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| Planning & Zoning Commission Agenda Packets \| 13 \| 10 \| 13 \| 12 \| \| Board of Adjustments: \| \| \| \| \| \| Agenda Packets \| 6 \| 5 \| 7 \| 6 \| \| Variance Cases \| 7 \| 6 \| 9 \| 6 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| % of Adjoining Property Owners Letters sent at least 10 Days Prior to Hearing \| 100% \| 100% \| 100% \| 100% \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| % of Zoning and Variance Cases processed in compliance with State Requirements \| 100% \| 100% \| 100% \| 100% \| \| Transcribed Minutes Accepted at the Next Planning & Zoning Meeting without Corrections \| 100% \| 100% \| 100% \| 100% \| Code Enforcement 1. Enforces tall grass and other nuisance ordinances. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Code Enforcement City Manager Director of Community Development Senior Code Enforcement Official Junior Code Enforcement Official PROGRAM DESCRIPTION Code Enforcement protects the health and safety of city inhabitants by assuring compliance with the city’s land use, environmental and construction codes. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (4) – SUPPORT ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES Code Enforcement will assure compliance by providing education and encouraging the citizens in cases where compliance has not been met. Complaints received will be inspected within a 24 hour period upon receipt of said complaint. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CODE ENFORCEMENT \| 01/25 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROJECTED \| PROPOSED \| \| PERSONNEL \| 107,203 \| 108,796 \| 108,796 \| 108,843 \| \| SUPPLIES \| 8,198 \| 8,675 \| 8,580 \| 7,980 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 53,740 \| 53,475 \| 69,384 \| 55,605 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 169,141 \| 170,946 \| 186,760 \| 172,428 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROJECTED \| PROPOSED \| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Senior Code Enforcement Official \| \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Code Enforcement Official \| \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 0 \| 2 \| 2 \| 2 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 0 \| 2 \| 2 \| 2 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Code Enforcement separated from Building Inspection/Building Services in FY 2015. ## Department: Code Enforcement \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| Number of Code Enforcement Cases Reported \| 1,450 \| 1,500 \| \| \| \| Number of Code Enforcement Cases Closed \| 1,425 \| 1,470 \| \| \| \| Number Citations Issued \| 100 \| 125 \| \| \| \| Total Violations Cited \| 130 \| 160 \| \| \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| Number of Complaints per Code Enforcement Officer \| 750 \| 810 \| \| \| \| Number of Code Enforcement Officers \| 2 \| 2 \| \| \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| Percentage of Code Complaints resulting in Voluntary Compliance \| 98.0% \| 98.0% \| \| \| Non-Departmental 1. Accounts for unemployment, property insurance and other general fund expenditures not identified with a specific department. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| NON-DEPARTMENTAL \| 01/10 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| PROJECTED\| PROPOSED\| \| \| \| BUDGET \| \| \| \| PERSONNEL \| 65,816 \| 80,700 \| 70,820 \| 80,700 \| \| SUPPLIES \| 19,918 \| 19,600 \| 19,558 \| 21,300 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 221,343 \| 197,535 \| 197,679 \| 238,760 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 307,077 \| 297,835 \| 288,057 \| 340,760 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| PROJECTED\| PROPOSED\| \| \| \| BUDGET \| \| \| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| EQUIVALENT \| \| \| \| \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Contractual Services Contingency expenditure is reinstated ($45,000) \| \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| $11,760 \| $15,518 \| $15,518 \| $11,630 \| \| Revenues \| \| \| \| \| \| Property Tax \| $101,922 \| $187,956 \| $187,956 \| $192,194 \| \| Interest Income \| 8 \| 25 \| 20 \| 25 \| \| Total Revenues \| $101,930 \| $187,981 \| $187,976 \| $192,219 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $113,690 \| $203,499 \| $203,494 \| $203,849 \| \| Expenditures \| \| \| \| \| \| Bond Principal \| $185,556 \| $153,333 \| $153,333 \| $116,111 \| \| Interest on Bonds \| 91,487 \| 82,170 \| 82,170 \| 74,726 \| \| Paying Agent Fees \| 1,727 \| 1,361 \| 1,361 \| 1,361 \| \| Total Expenditures \| $278,770 \| $236,864 \| $236,864 \| $192,198 \| \| Transfers \| \| \| \| \| \| From Capital Projects Fund \| 66,409 \| - \| - \| - \| \| From General Fund \| - \| 45,000 \| 45,000 \| - \| \| From Water & Sewer Fund \| 114,189 \| - \| - \| - \| \| Total Transfers \| 180,598 \| 45,000 \| 45,000 \| - \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $15,518 \| $11,635 \| $11,630 \| $11,651 \| \| Tax Rate \| 0.020710 \| 0.038000 \| 0.038000 \| 0.036302 \| Available to General Fund assuming $528,849,648 of valuation and maintaining the same tax revenue as the current year 0.677498 \| FISCAL YEAR \| BONDS DUE \| INTEREST DUE \| TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST \| \|-------------\|---------------\|--------------\|----------------------------\| \| 2017 \| 116,111.11 \| 74,726.40 \| 190,837.51 \| \| 2018 \| 123,888.89 \| 69,531.96 \| 193,420.85 \| \| 2019 \| 129,444.44 \| 63,901.40 \| 193,345.84 \| \| 2020 \| 137,222.22 \| 58,048.62 \| 195,270.84 \| \| 2021 \| 145,000.00 \| 51,828.48 \| 196,828.48 \| \| 2022 \| 147,777.78 \| 45,234.72 \| 193,012.50 \| \| 2023 \| 158,333.33 \| 38,526.38 \| 196,859.71 \| \| 2024 \| 166,111.11 \| 31,276.39 \| 197,387.50 \| \| 2025 \| 171,666.67 \| 23,659.74 \| 195,326.41 \| \| 2026 \| 179,444.45 \| 16,163.90 \| 195,608.35 \| \| 2027 \| 90,000.00 \| 8,325.00 \| 98,325.00 \| \| 2028 \| 95,000.00 \| 4,275.00 \| 99,275.00 \| \| \| 1,660,000.00 \| 485,497.99 \| 2,145,497.99 \| \| FISCAL YEAR \| BONDS DUE \| INTEREST DUE \| TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST \| \|-------------\|-------------\|--------------\|----------------------------\| \| 2017 \| 61,111.11 \| 31,995.14 \| 93,106.25 \| \| 2018 \| 63,888.89 \| 29,550.70 \| 93,439.59 \| \| 2019 \| 69,444.44 \| 26,995.14 \| 96,439.58 \| \| 2020 \| 72,222.22 \| 24,217.36 \| 96,439.58 \| \| 2021 \| 75,000.00 \| 21,328.48 \| 96,328.48 \| \| 2022 \| 77,777.78 \| 18,234.72 \| 96,012.50 \| \| 2023 \| 83,333.33 \| 15,026.38 \| 98,359.71 \| \| 2024 \| 86,111.11 \| 11,526.39 \| 97,637.50 \| \| 2025 \| 91,666.67 \| 7,909.74 \| 99,576.41 \| \| 2026 \| 94,444.45 \| 4,013.90 \| 98,458.35 \| \| TOTAL \| 775,000.00 \| 190,797.95 \| 965,797.95 \| Proceeds from the sale of the certificates were used for the purpose of paying all or a portion of the City's contractual obligations for (i) constructing and improving city streets; (ii) constructing and improving the City's waterworks and sewer system and (iii) for paying legal, fiscal, engineering and professional fees in connection therewith. \| FISCAL YEAR \| BONDS DUE \| INTEREST DUE \| TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST \| \|-------------\|-----------\|--------------\|---------------------------\| \| 2017 \| 55,000.00 \| 42,731.26 \| 97,731.26 \| \| 2018 \| 60,000.00 \| 39,981.26 \| 99,981.26 \| \| 2019 \| 60,000.00 \| 36,906.26 \| 96,906.26 \| \| 2020 \| 65,000.00 \| 33,831.26 \| 98,831.26 \| \| 2021 \| 70,000.00 \| 30,500.00 \| 100,500.00 \| \| 2022 \| 70,000.00 \| 27,000.00 \| 97,000.00 \| \| 2023 \| 75,000.00 \| 23,500.00 \| 98,500.00 \| \| 2024 \| 80,000.00 \| 19,750.00 \| 99,750.00 \| \| 2025 \| 80,000.00 \| 15,750.00 \| 95,750.00 \| \| 2026 \| 85,000.00 \| 12,150.00 \| 97,150.00 \| \| 2027 \| 90,000.00 \| 8,325.00 \| 98,325.00 \| \| 2028 \| 95,000.00 \| 4,275.00 \| 99,275.00 \| \| TOTAL \| 885,000.00 \| 294,700.04 \| 1,179,700.04 \| Proceeds from the sale of the certificates are being used for the purpose of paying all or a portion of the City's contractual obligations for (i) constructing and improving city streets; (ii) constructing and improving the City's waterworks and sewer system; (iii) acquiring land and rights of way; and (iv) paying legal, engineering and professional fees in connection therewith. City of Seagoville, Texas Debt Service Fund Annual General Government Debt Requirements ## Seagoville Economic Development Corporation ### Fund Summary FY 2016 \| Account Description \| Actual FY 2014 \| Actual FY 2015 \| Budget FY 2016 \| Projected FY 2016 \| Adopted FY 2017 \| \|--------------------------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|-----------------\| \| Available Balance October 1 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| 145,110 \| 673,856 \| 1,287,310 \| 1,287,310 \| 1,458,337 \| \| Revenues \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Sales Tax Revenues \| 689,680 \| 686,395 \| 665,000 \| 720,588 \| 665,000 \| \| Rent Revenue \| 14,400 \| 11,200 \| 12,600 \| 12,600 \| 12,600 \| \| Insurance Recovery \| - \| 51,150 \| - \| 10,000 \| - \| \| Reimbursement \| - \| 6,331 \| - \| - \| - \| \| Interest Income \| 1,512 \| 884 \| 1,400 \| 550 \| 550 \| \| Total Revenue \| 705,592 \| 755,960 \| 679,000 \| 743,738 \| 678,150 \| \| Total Resources Available \| 850,702 \| 1,429,816 \| 1,966,310 \| 2,031,048 \| 2,136,487 \| \| Expenditures \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Administrative Cost \| 66,577 \| 38,717 \| 45,932 \| 70,331 \| 179,816 \| \| Operations \| 70,349 \| 64,230 \| 73,090 \| 86,014 \| 80,690 \| \| Projects \| 9,569 \| 17,792 \| 150,000 \| 300,000 \| - \| \| Transfer to City \| - \| - \| - \| - \| - \| \| City Projects \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Fireworks \| 5,000 \| 5,000 \| 5,000 \| 5,000 \| 5,000 \| \| Kidfish Event \| - \| 723 \| 1,250 \| 1,250 \| 1,250 \| \| Quality of Life Projects \| - \| - \| 100,000 \| - \| 100,000 \| \| Debt Service \| 25,351 \| 16,044 \| 176,046 \| 102,045 \| 176,046 \| \| Facade Improvement Program \| - \| - \| 50,000 \| 8,071 \| 50,000 \| \| Total Expenditures \| 176,846 \| 142,505 \| 601,318 \| 572,711 \| 592,802 \| \| Fund Balance September 30 \| 673,856 \| 1,287,310 \| 1,364,992 \| 1,458,337 \| 1,543,685 \| CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS 2016-17 BUDGET WATER AND SEWER FUND Water & Sewer Revenues Total Budget $7,029,775 Water 44% Wastewater 44% All Other 3% Debt 9% Water & Sewer Expenditures Total Budget $7,010,121 Sewer Treatment 37% Water Purchases 16% Personnel 13% Capital Projects 19% Transfers 2% All Other 12% Debt 0% ## City of Seagoville ### Budget Summary #### Water and Sewer Fund \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Adopted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|-------------------\|---------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Unrestricted Net Asset Balance \| $3,407,933 \| $3,271,565 \| $755,536 \| $755,536 \| $969,069 \| \| Revenues \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Water Services \| $2,186,797 \| $2,428,637 \| $2,371,804 \| $2,446,565 \| $3,117,634 \| \| Waste Water Service \| 2,471,315 \| 2,759,876 \| 2,633,248 \| 2,883,166 \| 3,120,468 \| \| Debt Proceeds for Hwy 175 Gravity Main Construction \| - \| - \| - \| 600,000 \| - \| \| Other Income \| 170,990 \| 199,339 \| 199,256 \| 207,747 \| 191,673 \| \| Total Revenues \| $4,829,101 \| $5,387,852 \| $5,204,308 \| $5,537,478 \| $7,029,775 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $8,237,034 \| $8,659,417 \| $5,959,844 \| $6,293,014 \| $7,998,844 \| \| Expenditures \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Operating and Debt Expenses: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Administrative \| $234,883 \| $235,208 \| $251,316 \| $168,070 \| $162,070 \| \| Water \| 1,222,435 \| 1,408,864 \| 1,493,684 \| 1,478,300 \| 1,526,322 \| \| Sewer \| 1,693,769 \| 1,558,218 \| 2,179,092 \| 2,125,714 \| 2,190,151 \| \| Customer Service \| 318,341 \| 238,039 \| 244,186 \| 244,186 \| 211,281 \| \| Non-Departmental \| 122,416 \| 114,201 \| 142,606 \| 139,606 \| 143,606 \| \| Transfers Out \| 220,118 \| 465,693 \| 377,304 \| 396,751 \| 377,304 \| \| NTMWD sewer treatment Increase \| - \| - \| - \| 191,787 \| - \| \| Raw water purchase increase \| - \| - \| - \| 380,000 \| - \| \| DWU sewer treatment increase \| - \| - \| - \| 4,000 \| - \| \| Debt \| 515,544 \| 516,141 \| 549,100 \| 549,100 \| 581,400 \| \| Total \| 4,327,507 \| 4,536,364 \| 5,237,288 \| 5,101,727 \| 5,767,921 \| \| Capital Outlay: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Cain Street Water Tower \| 369,112 \| - \| - \| - \| - \| \| Ballard Street Water Line \| 199,051 \| - \| - \| - \| - \| \| Kleberg Road Water Line \| 69,800 \| - \| - \| - \| - \| \| Truck Replacement \| - \| - \| 60,000 \| 56,500 \| - \| \| Woodhaven Water line Project \| - \| - \| - \| - \| 400,000 \| \| Hwy 175 Gravity Main Crossing \| - \| - \| - \| - \| 600,000 \| \| @Environmental Way (funded by debt) \| - \| - \| - \| - \| - \| \| Wastewater System Asset Inventory, Hydraulic Model and Master Plan \| - \| - \| - \| - \| 174,200 \| \| Holt Cat Track Hoe \| - \| - \| - \| - \| 43,000 \| \| Replacement Meter Services Truck \| - \| - \| - \| - \| 25,000 \| \| 2015 Water Projects \| - \| 779,781 \| - \| 165,718 \| - \| \| Reserve for 2015 Street Projects \| - \| 779,781 \| 60,000 \| 222,218 \| 1,242,200 \| \| Total Expenditures and Reserve \| 4,965,470 \| 7,903,882 \| 5,297,288 \| 5,323,945 \| 7,010,121 \| \| Ending Unrestricted Net Asset Balance \| $3,271,565 \| $755,536 \| $662,556 \| $969,069 \| $988,723 \| \| 1 day of operations \| $11,856 \| $12,428 \| $14,349 \| $13,977 \| $15,803 \| \| Days of Reserve Balance \| 275.9 \| 60.8 \| 46.2 \| 69.3 \| 62.6 \| Water and Sewer Administration W&S Administration 1. Provides department management, field supervision and clerical support CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Water and Sewer Administration City Manager Director of Utilities Clerk PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Administrative program of the Water and Sewer fund provides program management, field supervision and clerical support. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Ensure prompt notification to customers regarding failure issues. CITYWIDE GOAL (5) – INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Reduce operating costs through effective and efficient operational techniques. CITYWIDE GOAL (6) – RETAIN AND ATTRACT QUALITY EMPLOYEES Continue operator training to maintain State requirements and employee professionalism. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| WATER AND SEWER ADMINISTRATION \| 20/05 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| PROJECTED\| PROPOSED\| \| \| \| BUDGET \| \| \| \| PERSONNEL \| 235,208 \| 238,482 \| 167,974 \| 159,320 \| \| SUPPLIES \| \| \| \| \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| \| 2,750 \| 96 \| 2,750 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 235,208 \| 241,232 \| 168,070 \| 162,070 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| PROJECTED\| PROPOSED\| \| \| \| BUDGET \| \| \| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Director \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Assistant Director \| 1 \| 1 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| Clerk \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 3 \| 3 \| 2 \| 2 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 3 \| 3 \| 2 \| 2 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Personnel expenditures decreased due to staff turnover. ## Department: Water and Sewer Administration \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| # of TCEQ State Reports (Monthly, Quarterly, Annually) \| 17 \| 17 \| 17 \| 17 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| % of Departmental Purchase Orders / Check Requests Processed within 2 working days \| NA \| 100% \| 80% \| 100% \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| % of Citizen Request Responded to Favorably within 24 Hours \| NA \| 100% \| 90% \| 100% \| Water Services 1. Responsible for all water system maintenance including Ard Road pump station, and elevated and ground storage tanks. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Water Services City Manager Director of Utilities Assistant Director of Utilities Utilities Supervisor Maintenance Worker (1) Meter Readers (2) PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Water Operations Department is responsible for all water and sewer construction, such as new water and sewer taps, main line installation, and water and sewer main and service repairs. The system consists of approximately 105 miles of water mains ranging from ¾ inch to 18 inch in diameter. The department runs daily reservoir and tower inspections, daily and monthly water samples, monthly main line flushing, and a variety of other duties to maintain a safe, watertight system. Approximately 2 million gallons of water per day is pumped in the winter and up to 3 million gallons per day during the summer. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (5) – INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Ensure water system meets or exceeds EPA/TCEQ requirements for a public water system. Maintain the “Superior Water System” rating with TCEQ. Provide courteous and quality customer service with limited interruptions of water service. Adopt the TCEQ ACR (alternate capacity requirement) to provide 0.39 gallons per minute per connection. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| WATER SERVICES \| 20/10 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 ACTUAL \| FY 16 AMENDED BUDGET \| FY 16 PROJECTED \| FY 17 PROPOSED \| \|----------------------\|--------------\|-----------------------\|-----------------\|----------------\| \| PERSONNEL \| 308,440 \| 177,695 \| 270,853 \| 299,072 \| \| SUPPLIES \| 164,196 \| 196,900 \| 185,348 \| 197,400 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 936,228 \| 1,048,660 \| 990,100 \| 1,374,850 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| 75,000 \| 32,000 \| 503,000 \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 1,408,864\| 1,498,255 \| 1,478,301 \| 2,374,322 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 ACTUAL \| FY 16 AMENDED BUDGET \| FY 16 PROJECTED \| FY 17 PROPOSED \| \|----------------------\|--------------\|-----------------------\|-----------------\|----------------\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Assistant Utilities Director \| 0 \| 0 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Public Works Superintendent \| 1 \| 1 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| Utilities Supervisor \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Maintenance Worker \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Meter Service Technician \| 2 \| 2 \| 2 \| 2 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 5 \| 5 \| 5 \| 5 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 5 \| 5 \| 5 \| 5 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Contractual Services - Provides resources for anticipated price increases and volumetric increases. Capital Outlay - Provides resources for the installation of the Woodhaven water line. ## Department: Water Services \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| Water Lines Maintained (in miles) \| 105 \| 105 \| 107 \| 107 \| \| Bacteriological Water Samplings \| 180 \| 180 \| 184 \| 192 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| Operational Cost per Mile of Water Lines \| $13,417.75 \| $14,211.00 \| $13,815.90 \| $17,488.99 \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| % of Unaccounted Water Loss \| 13.50% \| 4.00% \| 8.00% \| 4.00% \| \| # of Bacteriological Water Sample Positives \| 1 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| Sewer Services 1. Responsible for all sewer system maintenance, including 11 wastewater lift stations. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION To maintain a safe and clean environment for Seagoville by delivering wastewater to (1) the North Texas Municipal Water District lift station on Malloy Bridge Road and (2) the City of Dallas. The Sewer Operations Department takes care of all maintenance in the sewer system. The main responsibility is to keep 95 miles of sewer mains free from obstruction. The department utilizes a high pressure water jet to maintain free flow. Maintenance is both proactive and reactive. Staff flush mains on a routine basis and also respond to citizen calls daily. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2016 CITYWIDE GOAL (5) – INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Provide a clean and healthy environment to the citizens and the public establishments of the City. Reduce inflow and infiltration into the sewer system by repairing and replacing damaged sewer mains and manholes. Reduce the number of sanitary sewer outflows to zero. Complete the CMOM (Capacity, Management, Operations and Maintenance) Plan. The plan provides guidance to assist staff in the application of sewer management best practices. Begin rehabilitation of the Stafford Addition community sewer infrastructure based on consultant’s recommendations. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| SEWER SERVICES \| 20/20 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|--------------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| PROJECTED\| PROPOSED\| \| \| \| BUDGET \| \| \| \| PERSONNEL \| 88,146 \| 198,222 \| 167,559 \| 208,241 \| \| SUPPLIES \| 209,871 \| 193,950 \| 190,520 \| 195,550 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 1,260,201 \| 1,787,960 \| 1,767,635 \| 2,156,347 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| 600,000 \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 1,558,218 \| 2,180,132 \| 2,125,714 \| 3,160,138 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|--------------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| PROJECTED\| PROPOSED\| \| \| \| BUDGET \| \| \| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Public Wrks Superintendent\| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| Sewer Supervisor \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| Sewer Supervisor \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| Maintenance Worker \| 4 \| 4 \| 4 \| 4 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 4 \| 4 \| 4 \| 4 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT\| 4 \| 4 \| 4 \| 4 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Personnel Includes increase healthcare fringe benefits and retirement Contractual Services Includes increased costs for sewerage treatment from North Texas Municipal Water District ($191,787). Also provides resources for the development of the Wastewater System Asset Inventory, Hydraulic Model and Master Plan ($174,200). Capital Outlay Provides resources for the construction of the Highway 175 gravity main crossing at Environmental Way road. This new main will help eliminate sanitary sewer overflows during heavy rains. This project will free employees to focus on other priorities, and reduce the amount spent on overtime and contractor pumping. ## Department: Sewer Services \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|-------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| Sewer Lines Maintained (in miles) \| 95 \| 95 \| 97 \| 97 \| \| # of Lift Stations \| 11 \| 11 \| 11 \| 11 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| Operational Cost per Mile of Sewer Line \| $16,402.29 \| $22,948.76 \| $21,914.58 \| $26,393.18 \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| % of Service Calls Responded to within 120 Minutes \| NA \| 100% \| 95% \| 100% \| Customer Service 1. Maintains utility billing records and accounts. 2. Bills and collects from utility customers. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Customer Service program processes utility billings and payments, issues various permits and serves as initial contact to customers/citizens entering City Hall. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Continue providing customers the opportunity to pay utility bills through the City’s automated bank draft service Continue offering paperless billing to all customers Continue to provide customer service training to enhance customer relations ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| CUSTOMER SERVICE \| 20/30 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| 174,531 \| 184,508 \| 184,508 \| 147,130 \| \| SUPPLIES \| 22,435 \| 23,550 \| 21,350 \| 22,550 \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 41,074 \| 40,601 \| 40,138 \| 41,601 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 238,039 \| 248,659 \| 245,996 \| 211,281 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| Manager \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| 1 \| \| Customer Service/UB Technician \| 3 \| 3 \| 3 \| 2 \| \| Meter Service Technicians \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 4 \| 4 \| 4 \| 3 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 4 \| 4 \| 4 \| 3 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: PERSONNEL: Transferred Customer Service representative to General Fund Building Inspection Administrative Assistant. ## Department: Customer Service \| PERFORMANCE MEASURES \| FY 2015 Actual \| FY 2016 Budget \| FY 2016 Projected \| FY 2017 Budget \| \|----------------------\|----------------\|----------------\|------------------\|----------------\| \| OUTPUTS \| \| \| \| \| \| Number of Water Accounts \| 3,990 \| 4,096 \| 5,416 \| 6,228 \| \| Number of Sewer Accounts \| 3,700 \| 4,033 \| 5,089 \| 5,852 \| \| Number of Cut-Off's \| 1,964 \| 1,249 \| 2,139 \| 2,340 \| \| EFFICIENCIES \| \| \| \| \| \| Number of Accounts per Utility Customer Service Representative \| \| \| \| \| \| Water \| 998 \| 1,024 \| 1,354 \| 2,076 \| \| Sewer \| 925 \| 1,008 \| 1,272 \| 1,951 \| \| EFFECTIVENESS \| \| \| \| \| \| %tage of Payments Processed and Deposited Within One Day of Receipt \| 100% \| 100% \| 100% \| 100% \| Non-Departmental 1. Accounts for unemployment, property insurance and other enterprise fund expenditures not identified with a specific department. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| NONDEPARTMENTAL \| 20/50 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROJECTED \| PROPOSED \| \| PERSONNEL \| 16,920 \| 20,531 \| 15,899 \| 20,531 \| \| SUPPLIES \| \| \| \| \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 562,974 \| 499,379 \| 520,458 \| 500,379 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 579,894 \| 519,910 \| 536,357 \| 520,910 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|----------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROJECTED \| PROPOSED \| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| EQUIVALENT \| \| \| \| \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Contractual Services: FY 2017 budget provides $352,304 in transfers to the General Fund ## PROGRAM SUMMARY \| DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: \| FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: \| \|--------------------------\|-------------------------------\| \| DEBT SERVICE \| 21/1 \| ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|------------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| PERSONNEL \| \| \| \| \| \| SUPPLIES \| \| \| \| \| \| CONTRACTUAL SERVICES \| 516,141 \| 549,100 \| 549,100 \| 581,400 \| \| CAPITAL OUTLAY \| \| \| \| \| \| PROGRAM TOTAL \| 516,141 \| 549,100 \| 549,100 \| 581,400 \| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: \| \| FY 15 \| FY 16 \| FY 16 \| FY 17 \| \|------------------------\|---------\|---------\|---------\|---------\| \| \| ACTUAL \| AMENDED \| BUDGET \| PROPOSED\| \| FULL TIME POSITIONS: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| PART TIME POSITIONS: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| TOTAL PART TIME: \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Includes debt service for the proposed FY 2017 certificates of obligation to provide resources for the Highway 175 gravity main crossing project at Environmental Way. \| FISCAL YEAR \| BONDS DUE \| INTEREST DUE \| TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST \| \|-------------\|---------------\|--------------\|----------------------------\| \| 2017 \| 343,888.89 \| 235,964.88 \| 579,853.77 \| \| 2018 \| 356,111.11 \| 225,359.32 \| 581,470.43 \| \| 2019 \| 365,555.56 \| 212,664.88 \| 578,220.44 \| \| 2020 \| 377,777.78 \| 198,092.66 \| 575,870.44 \| \| 2021 \| 395,000.00 \| 182,975.28 \| 577,975.28 \| \| 2022 \| 407,222.22 \| 167,150.28 \| 574,372.50 \| \| 2023 \| 421,666.67 \| 150,783.62 \| 572,450.29 \| \| 2024 \| 443,888.89 \| 133,733.61 \| 577,622.50 \| \| 2025 \| 463,333.33 \| 115,940.26 \| 579,273.59 \| \| 2026 \| 480,555.55 \| 98,023.60 \| 578,579.15 \| \| 2027 \| 500,000.00 \| 82,387.50 \| 582,387.50 \| \| 2028 \| 520,000.00 \| 66,012.50 \| 586,012.50 \| \| 2029 \| 265,000.00 \| 48,837.50 \| 313,837.50 \| \| 2030 \| 275,000.00 \| 43,337.50 \| 318,337.50 \| \| 2031 \| 280,000.00 \| 37,150.00 \| 317,150.00 \| \| 2032 \| 235,000.00 \| 30,825.00 \| 265,825.00 \| \| 2033 \| 245,000.00 \| 23,775.00 \| 268,775.00 \| \| 2034 \| 250,000.00 \| 16,425.00 \| 266,425.00 \| \| 2035 \| 255,000.00 \| 8,925.00 \| 263,925.00 \| \| TOTAL \| 6,880,000.00 \| 2,078,363.39 \| 8,958,363.39 \| \| FISCAL YEAR \| BONDS DUE \| INTEREST DUE \| TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST \| \|-------------\|-------------\|--------------\|----------------------------\| \| 2017 \| 48,888.89 \| 25,596.12 \| 74,485.01 \| \| 2018 \| 51,111.11 \| 23,640.56 \| 74,751.67 \| \| 2019 \| 55,555.56 \| 21,596.12 \| 77,151.68 \| \| 2020 \| 57,777.78 \| 19,373.90 \| 77,151.68 \| \| 2021 \| 60,000.00 \| 17,062.78 \| 77,062.78 \| \| 2022 \| 62,222.22 \| 14,587.78 \| 76,810.00 \| \| 2023 \| 66,666.67 \| 12,021.12 \| 78,687.79 \| \| 2024 \| 68,888.89 \| 9,221.11 \| 78,110.00 \| \| 2025 \| 73,333.33 \| 6,327.76 \| 79,661.09 \| \| 2026 \| 75,555.55 \| 3,211.10 \| 78,766.65 \| \| TOTAL \| 620,000.00 \| 152,638.35 \| 772,638.35 \| \| FISCAL YEAR \| BONDS DUE \| INTEREST DUE \| TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST \| \|-------------\|-----------\|--------------\|---------------------------\| \| 2017 \| 115,000.00\| 90,756.26 \| 205,756.26 \| \| 2018 \| 120,000.00\| 85,006.26 \| 205,006.26 \| \| 2019 \| 120,000.00\| 78,856.26 \| 198,856.26 \| \| 2020 \| 125,000.00\| 72,706.26 \| 197,706.26 \| \| 2021 \| 135,000.00\| 66,300.00 \| 201,300.00 \| \| 2022 \| 140,000.00\| 59,550.00 \| 199,550.00 \| \| 2023 \| 145,000.00\| 52,550.00 \| 197,550.00 \| \| 2024 \| 150,000.00\| 45,300.00 \| 195,300.00 \| \| 2025 \| 160,000.00\| 37,800.00 \| 197,800.00 \| \| 2026 \| 165,000.00\| 30,600.00 \| 195,600.00 \| \| 2027 \| 250,000.00\| 23,175.00 \| 273,175.00 \| \| 2028 \| 265,000.00\| 11,925.00 \| 276,925.00 \| \| TOTAL \| 1,890,000.00 \| 654,525.04 \| 2,544,525.04 \| \| FISCAL YEAR \| BONDS DUE \| INTEREST DUE \| TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST \| \|-------------\|------------\|--------------\|---------------------------\| \| 2017 \| 145,000.00 \| 119,612.50 \| 264,612.50 \| \| 2018 \| 150,000.00 \| 116,712.50 \| 266,712.50 \| \| 2019 \| 155,000.00 \| 112,212.50 \| 267,212.50 \| \| 2020 \| 160,000.00 \| 106,012.50 \| 266,012.50 \| \| 2021 \| 165,000.00 \| 99,612.50 \| 264,612.50 \| \| 2022 \| 170,000.00 \| 93,012.50 \| 263,012.50 \| \| 2023 \| 175,000.00 \| 86,212.50 \| 261,212.50 \| \| 2024 \| 185,000.00 \| 79,212.50 \| 264,212.50 \| \| 2025 \| 190,000.00 \| 71,812.50 \| 261,812.50 \| \| 2026 \| 200,000.00 \| 64,212.50 \| 264,212.50 \| \| 2027 \| 205,000.00 \| 59,212.50 \| 264,212.50 \| \| 2028 \| 210,000.00 \| 54,087.50 \| 264,087.50 \| \| 2029 \| 220,000.00 \| 48,837.50 \| 268,837.50 \| \| 2030 \| 225,000.00 \| 43,337.50 \| 268,337.50 \| \| 2031 \| 230,000.00 \| 37,150.00 \| 267,150.00 \| \| 2032 \| 235,000.00 \| 30,825.00 \| 265,825.00 \| \| 2033 \| 245,000.00 \| 23,775.00 \| 268,775.00 \| \| 2034 \| 250,000.00 \| 16,425.00 \| 266,425.00 \| \| 2035 \| 255,000.00 \| 8,925.00 \| 263,925.00 \| \| TOTAL \| 3,770,000.00 \| 1,271,200.00 \| 5,041,200.00 \| \| FISCAL YEAR \| BONDS DUE \| INTEREST DUE \| TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST \| \|-------------\|-----------\|--------------\|---------------------------\| \| 2017 \| 35,000.00 \| 18,113.06 \| 53,113.06 \| \| 2018 \| 35,000.00 \| 19,000.00 \| 54,000.00 \| \| 2019 \| 35,000.00 \| 18,300.00 \| 53,300.00 \| \| 2020 \| 35,000.00 \| 17,600.00 \| 52,600.00 \| \| 2021 \| 35,000.00 \| 16,550.00 \| 51,550.00 \| \| 2022 \| 35,000.00 \| 15,500.00 \| 50,500.00 \| \| 2023 \| 35,000.00 \| 14,450.00 \| 49,450.00 \| \| 2024 \| 40,000.00 \| 13,400.00 \| 53,400.00 \| \| 2025 \| 40,000.00 \| 12,200.00 \| 52,200.00 \| \| 2026 \| 40,000.00 \| 11,000.00 \| 51,000.00 \| \| 2027 \| 45,000.00 \| 9,400.00 \| 54,400.00 \| \| 2028 \| 45,000.00 \| 7,600.00 \| 52,600.00 \| \| 2029 \| 45,000.00 \| 5,800.00 \| 50,800.00 \| \| 2030 \| 50,000.00 \| 4,000.00 \| 54,000.00 \| \| 2031 \| 50,000.00 \| 2,000.00 \| 52,000.00 \| \| TOTAL \| 600,000.00 \| 184,913.06 \| 784,913.06 \| City of Seagoville Water Sewer Fund Annual Water and Sewer Debt Service Requirements 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 City of Seagoville, Texas Special Revenue Funds Overview City of Seagoville Library - Small Grants (Fund 32) - Municipal Court (Fund 36) Police Department - Police Forfeiture (Funds 29 and 30) - Police Training (Fund 52) - Animal Shelter (Funds 45 and 46) City Manager - Hotel/Motel (Fund 39) Community Development - Park Development (Fund 38) - Park Maintenance (Fund 42) - FY 2015 Streets CIP (Fund 41) Public Works - Stormwater (Fund 61) - Recycling Revenue (Fund 35) - Vehicle Replacement (Fund 47) \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| $1,673 \| $5,165 \| $2,702 \| $2,702 \| $2,192 \| \| Revenues \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Revenue from seizures \| $40,571 \| $1,150 \| $30,000 \| $0 \| $0 \| \| Miscellaneous \| - \| - \| - \| 515 \| 623 \| \| Total Revenues \| $40,571 \| $1,150 \| $30,000 \| $515 \| $623 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $42,245 \| $6,316 \| $32,702 \| $3,217 \| $2,815 \| \| Expenditures \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Police \| $37,080 \| $3,614 \| $30,697 \| $1,025 \| $0 \| \| Total Operations \| $37,080 \| $3,614 \| $30,697 \| $1,025 \| $0 \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $5,165 \| $2,702 \| $2,005 \| $2,192 \| $2,815 \| Established to account for revenues accumulated and restricted to expenditure for police operations. City of Seagoville, Texas Budget Summary Police Federal Forfeiture Fund (Fund 30) \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| $1,582 \| $1,582 \| $1,582 \| $1,582 \| $1,582 \| \| Revenues \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Revenue from seizures \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| \| Total Revenues \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $1,582 \| $1,582 \| $1,582 \| $1,582 \| $1,582 \| \| Expenditures \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Police \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| \| Total Operations \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $1,582 \| $1,582 \| $1,582 \| $1,582 \| $1,582 \| Established to account for revenues accumulated and restricted to expenditure for police operations. \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| $9,588 \| $11,374 \| $11,374 \| $11,374 \| $12,871 \| \| Revenues \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Library \| $2,876 \| $1,085 \| $2,550 \| $2,380 \| $2,550 \| \| Donations \| 625 \| - \| - \| - \| - \| \| Police \| 2,130 \| 2,111 \| - \| 2,174 \| - \| \| Total Revenues \| 5,631 \| 3,196 \| 2,550 \| 4,553 \| 2,550 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $15,219 \| $14,570 \| $13,924 \| $15,928 \| $15,421 \| \| Expenditures \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Community Development \| $830 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| \| Community Support \| 1,391 \| 1,689 \| 2,550 \| 1,110 \| 2,550 \| \| Public Safety \| 1,624 \| 2,442 \| - \| 1,947 \| 227 \| \| Total Expenditures \| 3,845 \| 4,130 \| 2,550 \| 3,057 \| 2,777 \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $11,374 \| $10,440 \| $11,374 \| $12,871 \| $12,644 \| Note: FY 2017 Includes $1,000 WalMart grant for funding Summer Reading Club. Additionally, includes $750 ONCOR grant for Keep Seagoville Beautiful for Christmas tree lighting and Arbor Day. Includes $800 in Arbor Tree sales. \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| $1,809 \| $1,436 \| $970 \| $970 \| $2,377 \| \| Revenues \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Fees \| $0 \| $432 \| $0 \| $2,121 \| $500 \| \| Total Revenues \| $0 \| $432 \| $0 \| $2,121 \| $500 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $1,809 \| $1,868 \| $970 \| $3,090 \| $2,877 \| \| Expenditures \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Supplies \| $373 \| $897 \| $0 \| $713 \| $500 \| \| Total Expenditures \| $373 \| $897 \| $0 \| $713 \| $500 \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $1,436 \| $970 \| $970 \| $2,377 \| $2,377 \| Note: Accounts for disposal fees and expenditures of recyclable materials \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Revenues \| $45,008 \| $26,642 \| $28,092 \| $28,092 \| $31,774 \| \| Fines \| $10,383 \| $7,430 \| $13,605 \| $7,882 \| $7,500 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $55,391 \| $34,072 \| $41,697 \| $35,974 \| $39,274 \| \| Expenditures \| $28,749 \| $5,979 \| $19,428 \| $4,200 \| \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $26,642 \| $28,092 \| $22,269 \| $31,774 \| $39,274 \| Note: FY 2017 proposed expenditures include $2,736 for bailiff pay, $1,596 for the maintenance of the automated cash drawer and printer, $3,972 for the maintenance of the camera security system, $10,668 for annual maintenance of the court software system and $456 for miscellaneous supplies. City of Seagoville, Texas Budget Summary Park Development Fund (Fund 38) \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| $0 \| $0 \| $58,000 \| $58,000 \| $58,000 \| \| Revenues: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Development Fees \| 0 \| 58,000 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $0 \| $58,000 \| $58,000 \| $58,000 \| $58,000 \| \| Expenditures \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| 0 \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $0 \| $58,000 \| $58,000 \| $58,000 \| $58,000 \| Established to account for resources provided by the park development fee utilized for the development of amenities and improvements on park dedicated land to meet the standards for a neighborhood park to serve the area in which the new subdivision is located. All funds collected by this dedication process will be deposited in the City's Park Development Fund and used solely for the purchase or leasing of park land and the development of same. Any monies paid into the said Fund must be expended by the City within ten (10) years from the date received by the City. \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Revenues: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Hotel Motel Occupancy Tax \| $5,785 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| \| \| 20,411 \| 25,350 \| 15,000 \| 30,000 \| 24,000 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $26,196 \| $25,350 \| $15,000 \| $30,000 \| $24,000 \| \| Expenditures: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Chamber of Commerce \| $26,196 \| $25,350 \| $15,000 \| $30,000 \| $24,000 \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| Note: Funds local Chamber of Commerce activities. ## City of Seagoville, Texas ### Budget Summary #### FY 2015 Street Projects Fund (Fund 41) \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| $0 \| $0 \| $2,587,737 \| $2,587,737 \| $1,878,759 \| \| Revenues \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Bond Proceeds \| - \| 4,131,627 \| - \| - \| - \| \| Interest \| - \| 1,514 \| 2,000 \| 3,000 \| 2,000 \| \| Total Revenues \| $0 \| $4,133,141 \| $2,000 \| $3,000 \| $2,000 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $0 \| $4,133,141 \| $2,589,737 \| $2,590,737 \| $1,880,759 \| \| Expenditures \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Capital Outlay \| - \| 1,393,777 \| 2,034,500 \| 711,978 \| 1,774,815 \| \| Bond Fees \| - \| 151,627 \| - \| - \| - \| \| Total Expenditures \| $0 \| $1,545,404 \| $2,034,500 \| $711,978 \| $1,774,815 \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $0 \| $2,587,737 \| $555,237 \| $1,878,759 \| $105,944 \| Note: FY 2015 Capital Projects \| Project \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|-------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Catherine Lane \| 123,424 \| 35,146 \| \| \| \| \| Shady Lane \| 119,021 \| - \| \| \| \| \| Woodhaven \| 12,975 \| 737,025 \| \| \| \| \| Ard Road \| 11,939 \| - \| \| \| \| \| S. Kaufman \| 1,726 \| - \| \| \| \| \| Stark Road \| 1,954 \| - \| \| \| \| \| Lasater/Simonds \| - \| 162,000 \| \| \| \| \| Robinwood \| 391,185 \| - \| \| \| \| \| Shadybrook \| 895 \| 135,105 \| \| \| \| \| Elizabeth/Tunell \| 23,593 \| 511,757 \| \| \| \| \| Bowers/Elmo/Seago \| 1,789 \| 176,211 \| \| \| \| \| Sidewalks \| 21,650 \| 3,350 \| \| \| \| \| Signs and Markings \| 1,827 \| 14,221 \| \| \| \| $711,978 $1,774,815 Note: This fund is established to account for street improvement projects funded by the FY 2015 certificate of obligation bonds. City of Seagoville, Texas Budget Summary Park Maintenance Fund (Fund 42) \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|---------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $1,685 \| \| Revenue: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| SYSA Fees \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $1,685 \| $2,000 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $1,685 \| $3,685 \| \| Expenditures: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Community Development \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $1,685 \| $3,685 \| Established to account for donations received and utilized for the resources generated and utilized to maintain City parks. \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| \| Revenue: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Interest \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $100 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $100 \| \| Expenditures: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Community Development \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| \| Transfer: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| From General Fund \| \| \| \| \| $120,000 \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $120,100 \| Established to account for the accumulation of resources for street maintenance City of Seagoville, Texas Budget Summary Animal Shelter Operations Fund (Fund 45) \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Revenue: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Donations \| $2,335 \| $4,941 \| $1,500 \| $3,000 \| $1,500 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $8,495 \| $9,124 \| $7,210 \| $8,710 \| $5,210 \| \| Expenditures: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Public Safety \| $4,311 \| $3,414 \| $3,000 \| $5,000 \| $3,000 \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $4,184 \| $5,710 \| $4,210 \| $3,710 \| $2,210 \| Established to account for donations received and utilized for the operations of the City's animal shelter. City of Seagoville, Texas Budget Summary Animal Shelter Building Fund (Fund 46) \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| $4,489 \| $4,489 \| $4,489 \| $4,489 \| $4,489 \| \| Revenues: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Donations \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $4,489 \| $4,489 \| $4,489 \| $4,489 \| $4,489 \| \| Expenditures \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| $0 \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $4,489 \| $4,489 \| $4,489 \| $4,489 \| $4,489 \| Established to accumulate resources for the construction of a future animal shelter. \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| $0 \| $0 \| $2,312 \| $2,312 \| $81,676 \| \| Revenues: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Sales of Surplus Property \| $0 \| $2,312 \| $0 \| $30,100 \| $2,500 \| \| Insurance Recovery \| - \| - \| - \| 7,264 \| - \| \| Total Available Funds \| $0 \| $2,312 \| $2,312 \| $39,676 \| $84,176 \| \| Expenditures \| - \| - \| - \| - \| - \| \| Transfers: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| From General Fund \| - \| - \| 42,000 \| 42,000 \| 42,000 \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $0 \| $2,312 \| $44,312 \| $81,676 \| $126,176 \| Established to account for resources accumulated and utilized for vehicle replacement. \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Revenues: \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Training Revenues \| ($501) \| $2,036 \| $5,150 \| $5,150 \| $5,150 \| \| \| $3,410 \| $3,114 \| $3,000 \| $0 \| $3,000 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $2,909 \| $5,150 \| $8,150 \| $5,150 \| $8,150 \| \| Expenditures \| $873 \| - \| $5,000 \| - \| $5,000 \| \| Ending Fund Balance \| $2,036 \| $5,150 \| $3,150 \| $5,150 \| $3,150 \| Established to account for resources provided and utilized for public safety training initiatives. City of Seagoville, Texas Budget Summary Storm Water Fund (Fund 61) \| \| Actual 2013-2014 \| Actual 2014-2015 \| Budgeted 2015-2016 \| Projected 2015-2016 \| Proposed 2016-2017 \| \|--------------------------------\|------------------\|------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\|--------------------\| \| Beginning Fund Balance \| $54,587 \| $62,660 \| $75,764 \| $75,764 \| $104,989 \| \| Revenues \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Storm Water Fees \| 53,015 \| 55,774 \| 82,800 \| 67,425 \| 82,800 \| \| Total Revenues \| 53,015 \| 55,774 \| 82,800 \| 67,425 \| 82,800 \| \| Total Available Funds \| $107,602 \| $118,434 \| $158,564 \| $143,189 \| $187,789 \| \| Expenditures \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Supplies \| 505 \| - \| 2,100 \| - \| 2,100 \| \| Contractual Services \| 44,437 \| 42,670 \| 53,200 \| 10,600 \| 53,200 \| \| Transfer to General Fund \| - \| - \| 27,600 \| 27,600 \| 27,600 \| \| Total Expenditures \| $44,942 \| $42,670 \| $82,900 \| $38,200 \| $82,900 \| \| Ending Fund Balance** \| $62,660 \| $75,764 \| $75,664 \| $104,989 \| $104,889 \| For FY 2015, the Drainage Fund will be utilized to implement the components of the City’s new Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP). The SWMP and a Notice of Intent (NOI) for coverage under the new Texas Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Stormwater Phase II MS4 General Permit were submitted to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) in June, 2014. Consultant Services will be retained to assist city staff in ensuring required goals are being met and preparing necessary reports for submission to the TCEQ. Other tasks for FY 17 will be to adopt and document procedures to address stormwater pollution, litter control additional public outreach, training, construction site inspections, and mapping city drainage systems. The annual budget contains specialized and technical terminology that is unique to public finance and budgeting. To assist the reader in understanding these terms, this list of acronyms has been included in the budget document. \| Acronym \| Description \| \|---------\|-------------\| \| ACM \| Assistant City Manager \| \| Adm \| Administrative \| \| C. O. \| Certificate of Obligation \| \| CAD \| Computer aided dispatch \| \| CAFR \| Comprehensive Annual Financial Report \| \| CIP \| Capital improvement program \| \| CPA \| Certified Public Accountant \| \| Code Enf. \| Code Enforcement \| \| DWI \| Driving while intoxicated \| \| DWU \| Dallas Water Utilities \| \| EMS \| Emergency Medical Services \| \| EPA \| Environmental Protection Agency \| \| F. H. \| Fire hydrants \| \| FMLA \| Family Medical Leave Act \| \| FT \| Full time \| \| FY \| Fiscal year \| \| FYE \| Fiscal year end \| \| GAAP \| Generally accepted accounting principles \| \| G&A \| General and administrative \| \| G. O. \| General obligation \| GFOA Government Finance Officers Association HR Human Resources Department I&I Infiltration and inflow I&S Interest and sinking fund Info Information ISD Independent School District IT Information Technology L. F. Linear feet LEFIS Lower East Fork Interceptor System M&O Maintenance and Operations MGD Million gallons per day Mgr Manager NCIC National Crime Information Center NCTCOG North Central Texas Council of Governments ONCOR Utility company OT Overtime P/Z Planning and Zoning Department Part. Contrib. Participant contribution Part I Crimes Murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. Prop Property PT Part time PWD Public Works Director R&R Repair and replacement SAFER Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response SEDC Seagoville Economic Development Corporation Sr. Senior SWAT Seagoville Work Action Team TCEQ Texas Commission on Environmental Quality TCIC Texas Crime Information Center TCLEOSE Texas Commission on Law Enforcement Officers Standards and Education W&S Water and sewer The annual budget contains specialized and technical terminology that is unique to public finance and budgeting. To assist the reader in understanding these terms, this glossary has been included in the budget document. Activity - A service performed by a department or division. Accrual Basis of Accounting – A basis of accounting in which revenues are recognized in the accounting period in which they are earned, and expenses are recognized in the period in which they are incurred. For example, water revenues which, are billed in September, are recorded as revenues in September, even though payment in cash actually received in October. Similarly, services or supplies which have been received in September, but actually paid for by the City (expenses) in September. Accrual accounting is used for the City’s enterprise funds. Adopted Budget – The budget as modified and finally approved by the City Council. The adopted budget is authorized by ordinance, which sets the legal spending limits for the fiscal year. Ad Valorem Tax – A tax levied on the assessed valuation of land and improvements. Animal Shelter Operations Fund - Accounts to fund all donations and related expenditures for the operation of the animal shelter. Appropriation Ordinance – The official enactment by the City Council establishing the legal authority for City officials to obligate and expend resources. Assessed Valuation - A valuation set upon real and personal property by the County Appraisal District as a basis for levying taxes. Assets – Resources owned or held by the City which have monetary value. Balanced Budget – A budget adopted by the legislative body and authorized by ordinance where the proposed expenditures are equal to or less than the proposed revenues plus fund balances. Basis of Accounting – A term used referring as to when revenues, expenditures, expenses, and transfers and related assets and liabilities – are recognized in the accounts and reported in the City’s financial statements. Bond – A promise to repay borrowed money on a particular date, including the payment of a specified dollar amount of interest at predetermined intervals, often twenty years in the future. Budget - A financial plan for a specified period of time that matches all planned revenues and expenditures with various municipal services. It is the primary means by which most of the expenditure and service delivery activities of a government are controlled. Budget Adjustment (Amendment) – A formal legal procedure utilized by the City to revise a budget during a fiscal year. Budget Calendar – The schedule of dates used as a guide to complete the various steps of the budget preparation and adoption processes. Budget Message – The opening section of the budget document from the City Manager which provides the City Council and the public with a general summary of the most important aspects of the budget. Sometimes referred to as a “transmittal letter.” Budgetary Control – The control of management of the organization in accordance with an approved budget for the purpose of keeping expenditures within the limitations of available appropriations and revenues. Capital Improvement Program - This is the City's plan to finance major infrastructure development and improvement. It is primarily funded through General Obligation bonds, Certificates of obligation and Revenue bonds. Capital Outlay – An expenditure which results in the acquisition of or addition to fixed assets, and meets these criteria: having an anticipated useful life of more than one year; can be permanently identified as an individual unit of property; belonging to one of the following categories – land, building, machinery and equipment, vehicles, or furniture and fixtures; constitutes a tangible, permanent addition to the value of City assets; does not constitute repair or maintenance; and is not readily susceptible to loss. In the budget, capital outlay is budgeted as expenditures in all fund types. Capital Project Fund – A fund used to account for the financial resources to be used for the acquisition or construction of major capital facilities or equipment, usually financed by the issuance of debt. Certificates Of Obligation – Tax supported bonds that are similar to general obligation bonds and can be issued after meeting strict publication requirements and with final approval of the City Council. Contractual Services – Services that by their nature can be performed only by persons or firms with specialized skills and knowledge. Services purchased to operate, repair and maintain property owned or used by the City. These services are performed by persons other than City employees. Amounts paid for services rendered by organizations or personnel not on the payroll of the City (separate from professional and technical services or property services). Current Taxes – Taxes levied and due within one year. Debt Service - Payment of interest and principal on an obligation resulting from bond sales or lease-purchase agreements. Debt Service Fund – A fund used to account for resources and expenditures related to retirement of the City’s general obligation debt service, sometimes referred to as an “interest and sinking fund.” Department - A major administrative unit of the City, which indicates overall management responsibility for an operation or a group of related operations within a functional area. Encumbrance - The commitment of appropriated funds to purchase an item or service. Enterprise Fund - A fund established to account for operations that are financed and operated in a manner similar to private business. It is the City's intent to recover the costs of providing a service primarily through user charges. Expenditures - Outflow of non-enterprise funds paid or to be paid for an asset obtained or goods and services obtained. Expenses - Outflow of enterprise funds paid or to be paid for an asset obtained or goods and services obtained. Fiscal Year – The time period designated by the City signifying the beginning and ending period for the recording of financial transactions. The City’s fiscal year is October 1 through September 30. Franchise Fee - A fee levied by City Council on businesses that use City property or right-of-way. This fee is usually charged as a percentage of gross receipts. Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Position – A position for an employee working a 40-hour work week for 52 weeks a year, i.e., 2,080 annual hours (2,756 annual hours for firefighters). Fund - A fiscal and accounting entity with a self-balancing set of accounts in which cash and other financial resources, all related liabilities and residual equities, or balances, and changes therein, are recorded and segregated to carry on specific operations. Fund Balance - The difference between fund assets and fund liabilities of governmental and similar trust funds, sometimes called working capital in enterprise funds. General Fund – The fund used to account for financial resources except those funds required to be accounted for in another fund. The general fund is tax supported and includes the operations of most City services, i.e., police, fire, streets, parks and recreation, and administration. General Obligation Debt – Money owed on interest and principal to holders of the City’s general obligation bonds. The debt is supported by revenues provided from real property, which is assessed through the taxation power of the City. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) - Uniform minimum standards and guidelines for financial accounting and reporting. They govern the form and content of the financial statements of an entity. GAAP encompass the conventions, rules, and procedures necessary to define accepted accounting practice at a particular time. They include not only broad guidelines of general application, but also detailed practices and procedures. GAAP provide a standard by which to measure financial presentations. Goal – A broad, general statement of each department’s or division’s desired social or organizational outcomes. Governmental Funds – Funds generally used to account for tax-supported activities. Examples of different types of governmental funds are: the general fund, special revenue funds, debt service funds, and capital project funds. Grant Fund - Revenues and expenditures directly attributable to various grants and contributions. Hotel Occupancy Tax Fund - Accounts for revenues and expenditures relating to the use of hotel occupancy tax receipts. Because of the restricted types of uses allowed for these monies, they are accounted for in a separate fund. Liability – Debt or other legal obligations arising out of transactions in the past, which must be liquidated, renewed, or refunded at some future date. The term does not include encumbrances. Mixed Beverage Tax – A tax imposed on the gross receipts of a licensee for the sale, preparation or serving of mixed beverages. Modified Accrual Basis of Accounting – A basis of accounting in which expenditures are accrued but revenues is recorded when “measurable” or as available for expenditure. Municipal - Of or pertaining to a city or its government. Municipal Court Fund – Money from court fees dedicated to financing technology and security initiatives for the Municipal Court function. Object Code - The standard citywide classification of the expenditures such as office supplies or rental or equipment. Objective – A specific statement of desired end, which can be measured. Operating Budget – Plans of current expenditures and the proposed means of financing them. The annual operating budget is the primary means by which most of the financing, acquisition, spending and service delivery activities of the City are controlled. The City's Charter and State law requires the use of annual operating budgets. Operations and Maintenance Expenditures – Expenditures for routine supplies and maintenance costs necessary for the operation of a department of the City. Ordinance – A formal legislative enactment of the City Council. Payment-In-Lieu Of Taxes – A payment made to the City in lieu of taxes. These payments are generally made by tax exempt entities for which the City provides specific services. The City's water and wastewater utility fund provides these payments to the City's general fund because of the fund's exemption from property taxation. Performance Measures - Specific quantitative measures of work performed within an activity or program. They may also measure results obtained through an activity or program. Personal Services – Expenditures for salaries, wages and fringe benefits. Police Seizure Funds - Accounts for the revenue and expenditures related to the award of monies or property by the courts or federal government to the police department. The funds are expended for specified police department purposes. Police Training Fund - To account for resources used for police department activities. Proprietary Funds – Funds that focus on the determination of operating income, changes in net assets (or cost recovery), financial position, and cash flows. There are two different types of proprietary funds: enterprise funds and internal service funds. Revenue - Funds that the government receives as income. It includes such items as tax payments, fees from specific services, receipts from other governments, fines and forfeitures, grants, shared revenues, and interest income. Revenue Bonds – Bonds whose principal and interest are payable exclusively from earnings of an enterprise fund, in addition to a pledge of revenues. Sales Tax for General Revenue – The sales tax for general revenue is a one-percent tax that may be levied by a City on all goods sold in the City. The revenues from the tax may be spent on almost any lawful purpose of the City. Sales Tax for Property Tax Relief – The sales tax for property tax relief is an optional, dedicated City sales tax, the revenues of which offset an equivalent amount of City property tax revenue. The rate of a sales tax for property tax relief may be one-eighth, one-fourth, three-eighths, or one-half of one percent of the cost of goods sold within the City that are subject to sales taxes. The combined rate of all local sales taxes within the City, however, cannot exceed two percent. Special Assessments - A compulsory levy made against certain properties to defray part of all of the cost of a specific improvement or service deemed to primarily benefit those properties. Special Revenue Fund – A fund used to account for proceeds of specific revenue sources (other than special assessments, expendable trusts or for major capital projects) that are legally restricted to expenditures for specified purposes, or have been segregated by financial policy to maintained separately. Storm Water Fund – Accounts for resources received for the funding of activities to comply with the storm sewer permit. Supplies – Amounts paid for items that are consumed or deteriorated through use. Tax Base – The total value of all real and personal property in the City as of January 1 each year, as certified by the County Appraisal District’s Appraisal Review Board. The tax base represents the net taxable value after exemptions. (Also sometimes referred to as “assessed taxable value.”) Tax Levy - The total revenues to be raised by ad valorem taxes for expenditures as authorized by the City Council. Tax Rate - The amount of tax levied for each $100 of valuation. Taxes – Compulsory charges levied by the City for financing services performed for the common benefit. Taxes Prior Years - Taxes that remain unpaid on or after the date on which a penalty for non-payment is attached. User Charges - The payment of a fee for direct receipt of a public service by the party benefiting from the service. Water and Sewer Fund - Accounts for all revenues and expenses relating to the operation of the water and wastewater system. Working Capital – The current assets less the current liabilities of a fund. 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Converse Elementary School Ms. Leah Gordon-Malott: Principal Ryan Stengl: Assistant Principal 1602 Townline Avenue Beloit, WI 53511 School Profile School Improvement Goals Priority Area 1: Literacy By Spring 2020, Converse 5K-3 students scoring at or above the national mean will increase by at least 5% from 62.5% to 67.5% as measured by the Spring MAP Reading assessment. Priority Area 2: Mathematics By Spring 2020, Converse 5K-3 students scoring at or above the national mean will increase by at least 3%-5% from 73% to 76%-78% as measured by the Spring MAP Math assessment. Priority Area 3: Learning Environment Reduce the number of tardies received by Converse students by 10% during the 2019-2020 school year as compared to the total number of tardies received during the 2018-19 school year. CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT – PLAN Priority Area 1: Literacy 2019-2020 District Strategic Plan Goal – Literacy: The number of students scoring proficient or advanced in literacy will increase between 5-7% as measured by the Wisconsin Forward Exam. Theory of Action: If our instructional team (administrators, coaches, teachers, para-educators) are skillful in implementing quality differentiated teaching practices that lead to ongoing and continued progress in literacy and math, then each student will demonstrate ongoing improvement in literacy and math. * If Student Learning Outcomes (SLO's) are aligned to the School Learning Outcome, then instruction will be focused toward ongoing student growth. * If ongoing professional development and training is applied to the classroom instructional planning and practices, then instruction with fidelity will improve. * If Professional Learning Communities (PLC's) and instructional teams regularly plan, collect, analyze, collaborate, and act on data, then the data will be used to facilitate, differentiate, and refine instruction. * If teachers and students receive timely, descriptive feedback, then reflective practices will improve. * If our instructional team creates a positive learning environment that supports rigorous, engaging, standards based instruction, then disruptive behaviors will decrease and student academic performance will increase. (SCHOOL) Literacy SMART Goal (Annual Growth): By Spring 2020, Converse 5K-3 students scoring at or above the national mean will increase by at least 5% from 62.5% to 67.5% as measured by the Spring MAP Reading assessment. Mid-Year Reflection End-of-Year Reflection CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT – PLAN Priority Area 2: Mathematics 2019-2020 District Strategic Plan Goal – Mathematics: All students will increase in math between 3-5% as measured by the Wisconsin Forward Exam. Theory of Action:If our instructional team (administrators, coaches, teachers, para-educators) are skillful in implementing quality differentiated teaching practices that lead to ongoing and continued progress in literacy and math, then each student will demonstrate ongoing improvement in literacy and math. If Student Learning Outcomes (SLO's) are aligned to the School Learning Outcome, then instruction will be focused toward ongoing student growth. If ongoing professional development and training is applied to the classroom instructional planning and practices, then instruction with fidelity will improve. If teachers and students receive timely, descriptive feedback, then reflective practices will improve. If Professional Learning Communities (PLC's) and instructional teams regularly plan, collect, analyze, collaborate, and act on data, then the data will be used to facilitate, differentiate, and refine instruction. *If our instructional team creates a positive learning environment that supports rigorous, engaging, standards based instruction, then disruptive behaviors will decrease and student academic performance will increase. (SCHOOL) Mathematics SMART Goal (Annual Growth): By Spring 2020, Converse 5K-3 students scoring at or above the national mean will increase by 3-5% from 73% to 78% as measured by the Spring MAP Math assessment. d. Formative assessment to drive strategy based groupings. e. Use of timely and meaningful feedback. f. Flexible grouping 8. Aligning teacher SLO's with the Converse SIP plan. 9. Utilize PLCs to discuss data to drive Tier 1 instruction and Tier 2 flexible grouping within the Go Math units. COLLABORATION FOCUS 1. Differentiation. 2. Data analysis during PLC's. 3. Coaching to support Tier 1/Tier 2 Universal Instruction 4. Cross Elementary (district) and in building collaboration. because these practices have not been performed consistently within classrooms. In addition, differentiation must be provided in the classroom using data to drive Tier 1 differentiation as well as Tier 2 flexible grouping to ensure all students’ needs are being met. Mid-Year Reflection End-of-Year Reflection CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT – PLAN Priority Area 3: Learning Environment 2019-2020 District Strategic Plan Goal – Learning Environment: Theory of Action: If our instructional team creates a positive learning environment and effective family relationships that holds students and families accountable for attendance , then each student will be ready to learn during instructional time. (CONVERSE) Learning Environment SMART Goal (Annual Growth): Reduce the number of tardies per term received by Converse students by 10% during the 2019-2020 school year as compared to the average number of tardies received per term during the 2018-19 school year. 10 b. Converse start time will be posted on school doors and in the front office. c. Converse start time will be posted on the school sign and sandwich boards in front of the school. d. Skyward Attendance will be monitored on a quarterly basis. 11 Mid-Year Reflection End-of-Year Reflection 12	<urn:uuid:33bee66a-c535-4ffa-aa5d-22f59347a714>	CC-MAIN-2020-40	https://www.sdb.k12.wi.us/cms/lib/WI01919658/Centricity/Domain/890/Copy%20of%20NEW%20Converse%20School%20Improvement%20Plan%202019-2020.pdf	2020-09-22T04:19:25+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2020-40/subset=warc/part-00045-50bb8e61-7c5b-4d2c-bd34-dad6ca92b697.c000.gz.parquet	1,052,075,108	1,262	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.917898	eng_Latn	0.987342	[ "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 132, 148, 808, 2476, 2488, 2491, 3377, 4155, 4652, 4965, 5626, 5873, 5922 ]
ADOPT DOG A CRY FOR HELP FOR OUR FURRY FRIEND FEMALE GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG CONCORD, NC, 28027 You can fill out an adoption application online on our official website.Introducing Abigail!\n\nShe is a 4-year-old Labrador/Husky mix who has had her whole life turned Phone: (704) 933-7700 Call or text with any information FINDPET.COM Download mobile app: FND.PT/APPS Email: [email protected]	<urn:uuid:2d4cc538-ce23-4a28-8ce7-9a84e0f970ba>	CC-MAIN-2023-23	https://findpet.com/pdf/adopt-Female-German-Shepherd-Dog-Dog-in-Concord-NC-28027-US-6337ab8b840ad05477f61866	2023-06-07T04:52:58+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-23/subset=warc/part-00156-ffa3bf93-6ba1-4a27-adea-b0baae3b4389.c000.gz.parquet	306,686,308	119	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.968115	eng_Latn	0.968115	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 396 ]
THE JAGUAR'S PURR Published by: DELAWARE VALLEY JAGUAR CLUB Editor: RON KLEIN 198 NORTH PINE STREET LANGHORNE, PA 19047 30th Anniversary of DVJC DVJC Officers PRESIDENT EMERITUS JACK SANFT (215) 472-2001 PRESIDENT KURT RAPPOLD 116 GOVERNOR MARKHAM DR. GLEN MILLS, PA 19342 (610) 358-4055 VICE-PRESIDENT JOE FEDERICO (215) 275-7752 TREASURERS TONY QUINTANS (610) 566-7665 SUE PARK (609) 397-4848 SECRETARY ATEA McCAREL (610) 933-5103 CONCOURS CHAIRMAN KURT RAPPOLD BOARD OF DIRECTORS JERRY SCHWARTZ (215) 969-5535 JOE REPKO (215) 328-9551 PUBLIC RELATIONS TREVOR MEES W (302) 762-1666 MEMBERSHIP CHAIRMAN JOE FEDERICO (215) 275-7752 MEMBERSHIP RETENTION JULIA GOULD (609) 692-2461 MEMBERSHIP COORDINATOR, DELAWARE-MARYLAND TREVOR MEES (302) 792-0643 For Sale -- 1974 V-12 for parts. Good flywheel $150. Excellent starter $165. Many other good parts. Kurt (610)- 358- 4055. Car Hauling - Extra care always a priority. Cost is approximately X times mileage plus tolls. Call (610)- 358- 4055. For Sale -- 1987 XJ6 Crimson. Always garaged. Dealer serviced with records. Mint condition $8500. (610)- 525- 5805 evenings. Wanted -- XK 120 Fixed head coupe. Complete but shabby for full restoration. M. deAngeli (215) 679- 2867 Pennsburg, Pa. CLOVERLEAF AUTO SERVICE 600 SOUTH CONVENT ROAD ASTON, PA. 19014 610-459-9877 We are a complete repair facility, from full restorations to tweaking your carbs. Our cars are daily drivers, show stoppers rally and racers, pre-war to present For Sale --- Four (4) unused convention Jaguar hubcaps from 1989 XJ6. Sale price to be negotiated. Call John Phelan 546-0500. For Sale --- 1974 XJ6. Engine and transmission professionally done. Needs some interior work and a paint job to be a very nice car ready to serve its new owner over a number of years. Sacrifice at $4500 or best reasonable offer. Call Jack 472-2001. For Sale --- '83 XJ6 Grovesner & Biscuit. 113K miles. Cleanest you'll find. $6000. Owned by Jaguar mechanic. Call Gary 654-0273 at Philpenn. For Sale --- '84 XJ6 Gray/Biscuit. Runs great. Body needs attention. Interior, chrome and wood in good shape. High mileage $5000 OBO. Call Joe 328-9551. For Sale --- 1974 XJ6 Parts, Doors, Trunk Lid, no dents or rust and many misc parts. XJS Bonnet - fair condition $300. 1976 XJS engine and trans - complete $1000. Call Steve (215) 335-4060 or (215) 953 5227. For sale --- 1967 Series I XK-E roadster 4.2 liter engine. All original parts. Complete restoration. Dark metallic green paint with tan top and interior. Phone: Ron Taylor (FLA) 1-407-253-8587 or Fred Kistler (PA) 1-610-965-6000. Price negotiable. For Sale: --- 1986 XJ6. Black/Bisque leather. Wire wheels, radar detector, phone. New transmission and air-conditioning system. New paint job by Jaguar. No rust. Original owner. Car must be seen and driven. At mechanics shop with full service records. Asking $9500. Call Bob Brasler. Office # (215) 923-004. For Sale --- 9169 XKE 2+2. Motor rebuilt, new front frames, rear rebuilt, new hubs, radio. Reconditioned wheels. Fawn beige. Like new. Will trade for older T-Bird or Vette or $25,000. Tim (215) 789-3963. For Sale --- 1965 4.2 Coupe. Indigo blue, new red interior. All matching numbers, Stainless exhaust, 7,000 miles on rebuilt motor. Paint is tired lacquer but is presentable. Acquisition of 1961 flat floor roadster forces sale. Price 25,000 OBO. Call Terry Wagner (610) 374-7445. For Sale --- 1970 XKE 2+2 Coupe. $14,000. 69,000 miles. Call 1-609-468-8372 after 8:00 P.M. for details. For Sale --- 1988 XJS V-12 convertible. 63000 miles. beige. Call Maurice Thompson 1-610-461-5818. For Sale --- Four Jaguar Chrome Sport Wheels with Pirelli P600 tires. Like new. Original cost over $2000. $500 firm. Phone Ken (609) 452-1000 Ext. 250 in the daytime. THE JAGUAR'S PURR is an official publication of THE DELAWARE VALLEY JAGUAR CLUB a chartered, non-profit corporation founded in 1965 and incorporated in 1968. All contributions for publication are welcomed. EDITOR: Ron Klein THE JAGUAR'S PURR 198 North Pine Street Langhorne, PA 19047 ADVERTISING RATES: Full Page - $165 per year or $30 per issue Half Page - $85 per year or $20 per issue Quarter Page - $60 per year or $12 per issue CLASSIFIED RATES: Non-members - $5 per issue Club Members - Free (3-time limit) The Prez Sez We will soon culminate our thirtieth year as a car club. The celebration will be held at the General Wayne Inn December 9, 1995 at 6:00 P.M. Seating capacity will be limited to seventy persons, so make advance reservations. The Director/Planning Group has lined up a great evening consisting of a Holiday (Cash) Bar, a fine dinner, a disc jockey from 8 to 11, a drawing for a beautiful, framed XKE evolution print, door prizes, and the awarding of several other special prizes as well. It has been my pleasure to serve you as President during these past three years. 1995 has been a very active year and 1996 looks like it will be packed with activities as well. Please refer to Editor Ron Klein's 1996 updated calendar in this issue. The November Brunch and Tech Session was again held at Eastwood Company. About 45 members attended the brunch. This was followed by Jack's Auction, and Cliff Hall was on hand to assist him. We had a lot of laughs during the auction, and Cliff and Jack are considering forming a comedy team to liven up next year's show! At the Tech Session, John Sloan demonstrated how to polish metal, how to bend a new brake line and put a double furl at the end, and demonstrated a new product for redoing cad coatings. The Club members who attended were treated to a 10% discount on purchases at the store, as well as all the coffee and donuts they could eat! John asked me to bring my restored Norton 850 to show what metal polishing is really all about. We polished a Jaguar dash pot and the aluminum air manifold off the XK150 which I am restoring. John was able to remove some dents from both pieces in the process. For anybody who likes to do his own work, I am going to recommend that this topic be discussed again next year. Many thanks to Eastwood for having us and to John Sloan for his expertise. Happy Motoring! Kurt Rappold Classified For Sale --- 1975 XJ6C. Silver grey/burgundy leather. 12,000 miles on mechanical and cosmetic refurbishing. No rust. Above average condition. $8700. 699-8044 any time. For Sale --- 1965 Jaguar 3.8S right-hand drive, stick shift, low mileage. A very rare car. Ready to be enjoyed for years to come. Price $10,000. An appreciating investment. Call Jack 472-2001. For Sale --- 1975 XJ6C, Red with Bisquit interior, repainted, replacement interior, runs well, recent inspection, must see. $7200, (610)-770-1832. Wanted -- Complete set of five (5) five-spoke wheels for a 1987 XJS. Call Greg Troop 363-6707. For Sale: --- 1964 MK II 3.4. Right-hand drive, Standard shift with overdrive, Dayton stainless 72 spoke wire wheels, stainless steel exhaust, modern AM-FM cassette radio. Looks good, runs good. Not a concours car (except maybe in Daily Driven Class). Most reasonable offer over $10,000. Must sell because of illness. Call David Prouser at (717) 545-0812 (Harrisburg), anytime. Free - 5 undamaged but used starfish style wheels from a 1982 XJS, including 4 sets of wheelnuts and center embellishers. Come and get them (close to the edgermoor exit on I-495 in North Wilmington). Call Trevor Mees at (302) 594-2148 days or (302) 762-1666 evenings. For Sale --- Jaguar XK-E 1963 Series One Roadster. 38000 original miles, mechanically sound. In need of restoration. Asking $15000. (609) 823-4829. For Sale --- 1988 XJ 6. 79,000 miles. Charcoal Grey with beige leather. Fully loaded with sunroof. $9,800 OBO. (609) 467-3146 For Sale --- 1969 XKE Roadster. 4.2 litre. 3 SU carbs. Red with new tan interior. 4 speed. Chrome wires. New tires. 41 k miles. Excellent condition. $19,800/B offer. Call Steve (610) 356-3957 9-5 1968 XKE Roadster. 4.2 litre. New red paint with black interior. 4 speed. A/C. Chrome wires. Removable matching hardtop. Excellent condition. $24,600/B offer. Call Steve (610) 356-3957 Calendar of Events December 9 DVJC Holiday Party- General Wayne Inn. January 14 Annual Directors meeting February 17 Atlantic City Classic Car Auction and club meeting March 8&9 A. G. M. in San Francisco, California 16 Tech Session- Open for opportunity April Open Directors meeting. Site to be announced May 11-12 Northeast Road Rally. Rehobeth Beach, Delaware June 2 Fred Horner Memorial Concours at Coatsville Hospital. RSVP Kurt July Open Directors meeting. Site to be announced August 10-11 New Hope Auto Show- RSVP Steve Kress September 15 Franklin Mint Car Show October 4&5 Vintage Grand Prix & Car Show CHANCE CHANCE CHANCE 1 "E" TYPE EVOLUTION PRINT #170 Size 22" X 28" BEFORE FRAMING NAME ____________________________________________ ADDRESS _________________________________________ CITY ___________________ STATE ______ ZIP _______ TELEPHONE _______________________________________ Number of chances @ $5.00 each __________ Amount received ______ Check No. ______ Club Use ______ DRAWING TO BE HELD DECEMBER 9TH ANNUAL CLUB HOLIDAY PARTY Send to: Kurt Rappold, Pres. DVJC 116 Governor Markham Drive Glen Mills, PA 19342 JAGUAR RESTORATIONS Reggie and Paulette Ray 266 West Ridge Pike Limerick, PA 19468 Telephone: (610) 489-4439 1982-92 JCNA Class Five 1st Place National Champions 1990, 1992 Challenge Cup Winners In Progress: Restoration of 1959 and 1960 XK 150s Restoration of 1965 and 1966 E-Type Restoration of 1963 Mark II Restoration of 1936 Mercedes Benz Concours, Driver, & Super-Driver Restorations Superior Component Rebuilding & Detailing Customer References Available PURVEYOR TO THE JAGUAR ENTHUSIAST A COMPLETE SOURCE FOR ALL YOUR JAGUAR PARTS, UPHOLSTERY & SERVICE NEEDS ~Full range of original and reproduction parts for all post-war models ~Show-quality upholstery manufactured on the premises using our shop-tested patterns ~Complete range of re-upholstery services available ~Show quality restorations of classic Jaguar, Rolls Royce and Ferrari automobiles Call Us With Your Needs VISA MasterCard 92 Londonderry Turnpike Manchester, NH 03104 (603) 622-1050 FAX (603) 622-0849 RAGTOPS & ROADSTERS BRITISH AUTOMOBILES REPAIRS & RESTORATIONS BY MICHAEL ENGARD 213 S. 5th ST., PERKASIE, PA 18944 (215) 257-1202 STAINLESS STEEL EXHAUST SYSTEMS \| Model \| Price \| \|----------------\|---------\| \| XK120 singl \| $319 \| \| XK120 side TP \| $319 \| \| XK120 SE \| $379 \| \| XK RACE \| $409 \| \| XK140 singl \| $479 \| \| XK140/150 \| $419 \| \| XK150 auto \| $429 \| \| XK150-S \| $459 \| \| XKE6 \| $509 \| \| XKE6 strThru \| $539 \| \| XKE6 2+2 \| $529 \| \| XKE6 ssHDRS \| $599 \| \| XKE6 BgBore \| $569 \| \| XKE6+2 BBore \| $579 \| \| XKEv12 \| $469 \| \| XKEv12 Prem \| $559 \| \| XKEv12 ssDP \| $269 \| \| XJ6 al w/dp \| $499 \| \| XJ6s2/3 noDP \| $469 \| \| XJ6 ssDP \| $139 \| \| XJ-12 al \| $549 \| \| XJ-12 s2 \| $559 \| \| XJ-12 ssDP \| $269 \| \| XJ-S al \| $559 \| \| XJ-S s2/HE \| $569 \| \| XJ-S BBore \| $639 \| \| XJ-S ssDP \| $269 \| \| XJ-S 6 cyl \| $539 \| \| SS 100 3.5L \| $579 \| \| Mk 1 single \| $339 \| \| Mk 1 dual \| $579 \| \| Mk 2 single \| $339 \| \| Mk2/340Dual \| $439 \| \| Mk 4 \| $759 \| \| Mk 5 \| $489 \| \| Mk 7 \| $519 \| \| Mk 8 \| $579 \| \| Mk 9 \| $579 \| \| Mk/10/420G \| $589 \| \| "S"/420 \| $599 \| SS Clamps $7.50 ea - All plus UPS DICK AMES 3963 Wilshire Circle Sarasota, FL 34238 813-923-8321 XJ AXLE PIPE PIN DICK AMES SARASOTA, FL 813/923-8321 When bending or shaping new steel brake lines or vacuum lines that have complicated patterns it is a good idea to bend a steel hanger or suitable single strand wire in the approximate shape. This will avoid errors when bending angles which in turn may cause the steel line to fatigue or tear. Remember, when handling halogen bulbs (headlight or otherwise) do not touch them with your bare hands as oil and perspiration will be transferred to the bulb. This will result in a hot spot that will cause the bulb to burn out prematurely. Use Isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol on a lint-free cloth to remove the residue. BRITISH RESTORATIONS JAGUAR AND OTHER FINE EXOTIC AUTOMOBILES SALES -- SERVICE -- PARTS TOTAL BODY RESTORATIONS We work on all Classic, Sports, and Exotic Cars Specializing in the restoration of JAGUARS from 1948 thru 1988 All work guaranteed from Maintenance to Total Restoration 20 Years Experience We also buy and sell Classic, Sports, and Exotic Cars 4455 PAUL STREET PHILADELPHIA, PA 19124 (215) 533-6696 If your automatic Jaguar suddenly develops shifting problems such as shifting into second or third gear very late, you may have a problem that can be simply fixed. First examine the transmission modulator. This is a cylindrical device about the size of a clenched fist and is externally mounted to the transmission housing. Check that the vacuum line is attached to the modulator. Sometimes the rubber vacuum line may become disconnected or may have deteriorated. If you disconnect the vacuum line and transmission fluid leaks out then the modulator will have to be replaced. This condition means that the diaphragm inside the modulator is defective. The next test involves removing the modulator. Use a 3/4 inch wrench to remove the modulator. Catch any transmission fluid that leaks out in a pan. When unscrewing the modulator be careful not to lose the long pin that is on the transmission side of the diaphragm. This must be inserted when reinstalling the modulator. Carefully and thoroughly clean the outside of the housing. Do not get any dirt in to the mechanism. Next, apply suction to the vacuum line side of the modulator. You can use your mouth if no fluid leaks out. You should be able to either hear or feel the diaphragm moving when suction is applied. If no movement is detected in the diaphragm then the modulator will have to be replaced. The shift points are controlled by either screwing in or out a small screw which is accessed by removing the vacuum line. If you are replacing the modulator count the number of revolutions it takes to turn the screw all the way in. Tighten the screw in the new modulator and then back off the same number of turns. Do not attempt adjustments if the car is shifting OK. JAGUAR TOOLS Get Ready For The Concours Season! Individual Tools & Tool Kits For: XK-120, 140, 150, E-Type, Mark II, & Others All Tools in Show Quality Condition SATISFACTION GUARANTEED TOM BUCKUS (717) 263-8701 Evenings \| 1. \| 2. \| 3. \| 4. \| \|----\|----\|----\|----\| \| 5. \| 6. \| 7. \| 8. \| \| 9. \| 10.\| 11.\| 12.\| DVJC ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP RENEWAL FORM \| NAME: \| SPOUSE: \| \|-------\|---------\| \| ADDRESS: \| \| \| CITY: \| STATE: \| ZIP CODE: \| \| PHONE: HOME \| BUSINESS \| \| PUBLISH PHONE NO. ON CLUB ADDRESS LIST \| YES \| NO \| \| JCNA CLUB MEMBER \| \| \| JCNA CERTIFIED JUDGE NUMBER \| \| \| TYPE OF MEMBERSHIP \| REGULAR $40.00 \| \| TO HOLD OFFICE & VOTE \| SPOUSE $45.00 \| \| CHECK NO. \| DATE: \| \| FAX NO. \| DUES ARE DUE ON JAN. 15 \| JAGUAR AUTO OWNED PLEASE * MARK IF CHANGED FROM LAST YEAR RETURN RENEWAL FORM AND CHECK (ONLY) TO D.V.J.C. PLEASE SEND TO: MR. TONY QUINTANS D.V.J.C. TREASURER 1970 COLT ROAD MEDIA, PA 19063 D.V.J.C. CLUB USE ONLY DATE CHECK RECEIVED: DATE UPDATED CHANGES: DATE PURR EDITOR NOTIFIED: DATE JCNA NOTIFIED: 12/30/93	<urn:uuid:dba8ee25-8350-4ed0-a7e3-fe90e1f4cd2f>	CC-MAIN-2022-40	https://delvaljaguarclub.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/199511.pdf	2022-10-04T02:56:14+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2022-40/subset=warc/part-00232-26160df0-1827-4787-a515-95ecaa2c9688.c000.gz.parquet	230,421,280	4,560	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.724862	eng_Latn	0.985322	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 145, 1492, 4307, 8110, 9270, 11795, 12819, 14769, 14858, 15582 ]
\| Job Family: \| Delivery – Front Line – Professional knowledge \| Grade: \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| Job Title: \| Behavioural Specialist – Learning Disabilities \| Directorate: \| \| Date: \| 11th February 2018 \| Version: \| Role Profile - Details Specific to Job Family These roles would be regarded as "front line" service delivery roles. Here, role holders are directly accountable for performance, often through the direct control of significant resources or through managed contracts. These roles may also deliver some of their results through collaborative working with co-producers or other third party agencies. At the lower levels, operational managers may oversee a department or team and at the lowest levels, direct contact with service users will be a common feature of roles in this job family. At the higher levels, they may be in charge of a department, large operational area or the management of significant contracts and may be ultimately accountable for ensuring compliance with statutory obligations. Role Profile - Details Specific to Grade Will have accountability for achieving clearly specified and measurable results either personally or through the leadership of a team. Will be dealing with complex problems and issues within the boundaries of professional skill and knowledge. Will make recommendations on procedural improvements and other initiatives to enhance team performance. Roles requiring a level of professional expertise to deliver a front line service. Brief Description of job role and department The Clinical Health Team is a specialist health service for adults with learning disabilities whose health needs cannot be met by mainstream health services. We employ a range of health professionals in order to meet those needs. The team provides services to those adults with learning disabilities registered with a Sutton GP. Team Functions - The delivery of health inputs provided by trained clinicians specialist in the field of learning disabilities where needs cannot be met by mainstream services alone. - Promoting well-being through activities such as health promotion and preventative lifestyle activity. - Facilitating access to mainstream services and supports such as; primary care; acute care; leisure opportunities: housing; etc. - Contributing to service developments and using knowledge about needs; effectiveness of current services and future demand to inform and contribute towards strategic commissioning. - Imparting skills by teaching and training others such as social care providers; voluntary sector staff; and other health professionals. Role: The Challenging Needs Service falls within the wider Psychology Service in the Clinical Health Team for People with Learning Disabilities and offers a service to clients who have behaviours that challenge services living within the Borough and those that have been placed out of borough but remain the responsibility of Sutton. The behavioural specialist will work collaboratively with their colleagues within the Psychology service to conduct Functional Behaviour Assessments, develop individual Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) Plans and empower parents, carers, teachers and staff to implement PBS plans and practices effectively whilst fading support as parents, teachers or carers feel confident in the implementation of plan. The post holder will need to be able to use evidence from the implementation of PBS plans to inform changes and updates to interventions with clients. It is essential for the post holder to be able to offer consultation to other professionals within the Clinical Health Team for People with Learning Disabilities and other relevant stakeholders using understanding, skills and knowledge of Applied Behaviour Analysis and Positive Behaviour Support. So as to work within a multidisciplinary setting effectively the post holder will need to be flexible in their approach and have a high degree of professionalism. Representative accountabilities - To use a wide range of clinical expertise to deliver a specialist assessment and intervention service. * Lead on the development of specific policies and procedures to contribute to the continuous improvement in own work area * To provide specialist knowledge for other team members relating to PBS and behaviour that challenges. * To use a wide range of clinical expertise to deliver a specialist assessment and intervention service. * Lead on the development of specific policies and procedures to contribute to the continuous improvement in own work area * To provide specialist knowledge for other team members relating to PBS and behaviour that challenges. * Deliver service activities and manage caseloads to ensure intended outcomes for customers and the Council are delivered within agreed service standards. * Identify and implement improvements in own work area in order to deliver continuous service improvement and improved outcomes to customers. * Liaise with customers to review service requirements and resolve problems. * Keep up to date with changes in policy/legislation/contractual requirements in order to ensure service delivery is effective and complies with appropriate regulations. Budgetary accountabilities * There are no budgetary accountabilities undertaken by this role. Specific accountabilities - To be professionally accountable for the effective and efficient management of one's case load, taking into account the need to combine one's own responsibilities and those of the team and adhering to professional codes of conduct. - Accountable for the safe delivery of services/innovations across a range of health care settings, with a range of health professionals, designed to meet specific targets/outcomes. - Responsible for the development of local services in line with agreed team outcomes, including writing and leading on project proposals under the supervision of the Lead Psychologist. - Responsible for the supervision of assistant Psychologists or behavioural specialists as appropriate. Person specification (knowledge, skills, experience and behaviours required in the role) Education/ Knowledge/ Qualifications - Degree in Psychology, Nursing or Social Work or equivalent professional qualification. - MSc in Applied Behaviour Analysis and / or Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities or equivalent. - Further post graduate training in relevant areas of autism, mental health and / or research design and analysis. Accredited or working towards Board Certified Behaviour Analyst (BCBA), Experience - Significant experience of working clinically with people who have intellectual and developmental disabilities and / or an autistic spectrum disorder including the application of Applied Behaviour Analysis. - Comprehensive assessment and intervention of challenging behaviour including physical aggression, verbal aggression, self- injurious behaviour and comprehensive assessment and intervention of toileting, feeding and sleeping concerns. - Development of positive behavioural support plans. Implementation and evaluation of positive behaviour support plans. - Experience of working with individual's who are non-verbal or who have significant communication difficulties. - Attendance and participation at multi-disciplinary meetings. - Experience of teaching and training others, using a variety of multi-media materials. Experience of providing clinical supervision. - Experience of collaborative and respectful multi-disciplinary team working. - Experience of working in a Community Learning Disability setting is desirable Skills - Ability to supervise staff - Negotiation and problem solving skills - Business skills, such as, Mosaic, Google, Excel, Word - Demonstrates good analytical and reflection skills - Good organisational and prioritisation skills - Excellent presentation skills - Clear and effective decision making - Ability to work autonomously as well as effectively with team members and other partner agencies - Ability to reflect and critically appraise own performance - High level of communication skills (written and verbal) including an ability to communicate and work in settings in which the atmosphere may be highly emotive, abusive or hostile. - Ability to communicate sensitive information to service users, carers and colleagues - Up to date knowledge of policies and procedures and clinical issues relating to specific client group. Other - Takes responsibility for own CPD - Flexible - High levels of initiative, innovation and self-motivation - Car Driver/Owner and ability to travel Mandatory accountabilities/requirements for all LBS staff e.g. * Ensure all health and safety standards are adhered to for the relevant work area * Apply diversity and equal opportunities policies in the workplace * Carry out duties in accordance with the Borough's Equalities and Diversity policy, Safeguarding Adults policy and all other Borough and departmental policies and procedures	<urn:uuid:8fe1edae-879f-45ec-98b9-265e9d1ba886>	CC-MAIN-2023-23	https://kingston-sutton-jobs.tal.net/vx/lang-en-GB/mobile-0/appcentre-4/brand-7/xf-e0c7473db15e/candidate/download_file_opp/1724/105858/1/0/cb837e600dffeaae647c43161ef27c4cb8625a48	2023-05-29T10:02:59+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-23/subset=warc/part-00019-ffa3bf93-6ba1-4a27-adea-b0baae3b4389.c000.gz.parquet	414,541,532	1,557	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.991468	eng_Latn	0.993839	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2047, 5198, 6118, 8423, 8969 ]
Schedule Day 1 8:30- 9:30: Registration 9:30 -10: 00: Refreshments. 10:00 – 11: 00: Inaugural function 11:00-11:15: Tea break 11:15-12:00: Keynote address (Dr. Jayanta Mukherjee, Professor, IIT Mumbai) Parallel Session schedule: Notes: EIS contains: Electronics Engg. / Electronics and telecommunication Engg./ Electrical Engg./ Instrumentation Engg./ Biomedical Engg oral presentations. CIS contains: Computer Engg./ Information Technology oral presentations. MPS contains: Mechanical Engg. / Production Engg./ Civil Engg. oral presentations. 9:00 -10: 00: Refreshments. Parallel Session schedule: \| Time \| Parallel Session 1 \| Parallel Session 2 \| Parallel Session 3 \| Parallel Session 4 \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| Seminar Hall 1 \| Lab1- Compt. Engg. Dept \| Lab2- Compt. Engg. Dept \| TPO \| \| 10:00 - 11:30 \| EIS7 \| EIS8 \| CIS4 \| MPS4 \| \| 11:30-11:45 \| Tea Break \| \| \| \| \| 11:45-13:15 \| EIS9 \| EIS10 \| CIS5 \| MPS5+AS1 \| \| 13:15-14:00 \| Lunch Break \| \| \| \| \| 14:00- 15:30 \| EIS11 \| EIS12 \| CIS6 \| MPS6 \| \| 15:30-16:00 \| Tea Break \| \| \| \| \| 16:00-17:00 \| Closing Ceremony \| \| \| \| Notes: EIS contains: Electronics Engg. / Electronics and telecommunication Engg./ Electrical Engg./ Instrumentation Engg./ Biomedical Engg oral presentations. CIS contains: Computer Engg./ Information Technology oral presentations. MPS contains: Mechanical Engg. / Production Engg./ Civil Engg. oral presentations. AS contains: Applied science/ Pharmacy oral presentations. Schedule Day 2 \| ID2 \| \| Wireless Sensor Network Communication Architecture for Wide- \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| \| Area Large Scale SoilMoisture Estimation and Wetlands Monitoring \| \| \| ID4 \| \| Novel Approach for Enabling Proof of Retrievability using AES \| \| \| \| \| Algorithm \| \| \| \| ID6 \| Digital Forgetting –Needof the Day in Digital Age \| Mamtakhatri \| \| \| ID8 \| Six Legged Robot for Navigation on Uneven Surface \| Prof. Aparna S Kale \| \| \| ID10 \| Cell Breathing Technique for Load Balancing in WLAN \| Mr.Prashant E.Padekar \| \| ID37 \| ID37 \| Tracking, Detection of Object in Video Stream Using Self Learning \| Aniruddha D.Palsodkar \| \| \| \| Method \| \| \| \| ID46 \| A Review on Evolution of Terahertz Communication \| Ashish L. Lohana \| \| \| ID47 \| Indian GPS Satellite Navigation System:An Overview \| PROF.ANJALI PANCHAL \| \| ID48 \| ID48 \| SMART HAND Gesture controlled wheelchair with gesture to text \| Akshay N. Patil \| \| \| \| converter \| \| \| \| ID3 \| Need of Power Allocation in Cooperative Mesh Network \| \| Ms.Shital G. Ramane,Prof. Dattatray S. Bade \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| ID5 \| LicenseManagement using Iris Scanning \| \| Anushree Warade \| \| ID7 \| ID7 \| Spoofing Attack Detection and Localizing Multiple Adversaries in Wireless \| Ms.Dhanashri Bhopatrao \| Ms.Dhanashri Bhopatrao \| \| \| \| Network \| \| \| \| \| ID9 \| Natural Disaster Warning on Social Media \| \| Rohan D Gunjal \| \| \| ID49 \| Image Conversion Using Hadoop in CloudEnvironment \| \| Prof. Mahesh Zemse \| \| \| ID50 \| Design of compact RMSA using shorting post using IE3D \| \| Prof. P. G. Pawar \| \| \| ID51 \| Image Processing Based Automatic Toll Booth System \| \| Prakash Naikade \| \| ID52 \| ID52 \| Design of DoubleH-Shape Patch Antenna Using IE3D Simulator for Bluetooth \| Amitkumar Chalwadi \| Amitkumar Chalwadi \| \| \| \| Application \| \| \| \| \| ID134 \| Role of Sensors & Transducers in Furnace Temperature Control \| \| Sandeep kumar Yadav \| \| \| ID11 \| Novel Approach to Emotion Recognition Using Speech \| Trupti Vishe \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| ID13 \| Integral of Frequency Density of Merging Images for Predictive Analysis \| Neha P. Kumbalpuri \| \| ID15 \| ID15 \| Data acquisition and congestion control in wireless sensor network using aurdino \| Mr.Jilani Sayyad \| \| \| \| uno controller \| \| \| \| ID17 \| Fingerprint Privacy Protection Using Sparsh Method \| Khalid A. Shaikh \| \| \| ID135 \| Real Time ECG Signal Acquisition, Processing and Heart Rate Measurement \| Gajanan S. Potdar \| \| \| ID136 \| Electromyography Signal Classification Using SVM and K-NN Classifier \| Amol Lolure \| \| \| ID137 \| Wavelet Based ECG Arrhythmia Classification Using GA-SVM Method \| Prof. Raorane Shweta Suresh \| \| \| ID138 \| Android Based Monitoring & Control System of Remote Household Appliances \| Ms.L.V.Didhe \| \| \| ID139 \| Photovoltaic System Sizing For Prototype Greenhouse System \| Umeshchandra K.Pikle \| \| \| ID12 \| CBVR and Classification of Videos based on BTC Color Features using SVM \| Mohd.Aasif Ansari \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| ID14 \| Data Acquisition System with Processors: A review \| Monali Ghodke \| \| \| ID16 \| Robust RBG model based on non-parametric histogram skin detection \| Shruti Wale \| \| \| ID18 \| Satellite Technology \| Dr Uma. A. Bhambhani \| \| ID140 \| ID140 \| Development in Electro- Magnetic Crack Detector Machine Using Multi-Frequency \| Prof.P.M.Deshpande \| \| \| \| Eddy Current Technique \| \| \| \| ID141 \| PLC Based Manufacturing of Steel Tubes \| Akshay S. Waikar \| \| \| ID142 \| Da-Vinci (robot): a boon for medical field \| Rohan.V.Dharap \| \| \| ID143 \| Energy Floor \| OmkarU.Deshpande \| \| \| ID144 \| Piezoelectric-Car \| Sanket Nyaykar Helinge \| \| \| System \| \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| ID21 \| Design and Implementation of Energy Efficient Environment Monitoring System \| Nikita Gaikwad \| \| ID23 \| Study of Channel Estimation Schemes in MIMO \| Miss. Ketaki N. Ghumare \| \| ID25 \| RFID Based Shopping Trolley And Billing System \| Prof Maruti B Limkar \| \| ID145 \| Hand Movement Control Vehicle Based on Peripheral Interface Circuit 16F \| Hardik R. Save \| \| ID146 \| Robot Design on Animatronics using Tin Can Sensor \| Shetty Rathik Satish \| \| ID147 \| The System of Radar \| Warekar Mitali D. \| \| ID148 \| Classification of Power System Events using Signal Processing Technique \| Ms. Rashmi R. Zend \| \| ID152 \| Arduino Based Voice Controlled Robot \| Pawar Atish \| \| \| ID20 \| A Survey on Physiological Parameters for Health Monitoring of Patients via GPRS \| Kajal Rane \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| ID22 \| ID22 \| A review on “high speed complex multiplier using Vedic Mathematics: an effective \| Mahesh Warang \| \| \| \| tool” \| \| \| \| ID24 \| Electronic health care surveillance and tracking collaborating WSN system \| Mohaneesh A.Mitkari \| \| ID26 \| ID26 \| Smart Vehicle Detection & Parameters Measurement Using Portable Roadside \| S.P. Jinturkar \| \| \| \| Sensors \| \| \| \| ID149 \| Design and development of respiratory flow parameter measurement \| Renuka Kalikar \| \| \| ID153 \| PLC Based Product Sorting Cum Truck Loading \| Ms.Priyanka V.Pujare \| \| \| ID154 \| Survey of Automatic Biscuit Packaging Line \| Sayali S. Madane \| \| \| ID155 \| LabVIEW based PID Controller for Industrial Monitoring and Control \| Mr. P. H. Nerpagar \| \| \| ID156 \| Motor Winding Inplant Project Report Conducted at Siemens Ltd \| Prof. Shweta S. Roarane \| \| ID64 \| Cloud Computing \| \|---\|---\| \| ID65 \| Dual Security for Cloud using Ulteo \| \| ID66 \| Comparative Study of Clustering Approaches Used in Data Mining \| \| ID67 \| Hadoop for Pre-eminent Mining for Immense Dataset \| \| ID68 \| Metaphysical Text-Mining Approach to Cluster Research Proposals \| \| ID71 \| Review Paper on Challenges While Caching Big Data on Mobile Devices \| \| ID72 \| A Push System For Information Rendering Service \| \| ID73 \| Web enabled Door Lock Using Raspberry-Pi \| \| ID74 \| Authentication Techniques For Engendering Session Passwords With Colors And Text Multilevel Security \| \| ID75 \| Marathi Text-to-Speech Synthesis System for Android Phones \| \| ID127 \| Context Aware Message Filtering in OSN User Walls Using Blacklist \| \| ID236 \| Hadoop a new trend for Mining Big data \| \| ID69 \| A Smart Textual-Graphical Password Authentication Scheme \| Shreyas Dharav \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| ID77 \| Website Analyzer \| Prof. Prasad P. Pulekar \| \| ID78 \| Providing Security from Single to Multi Cloud \| Sumit Karunakar Amin \| \| ID79 \| Security Using Armstrong Number And RGB Color Value \| Shilpa Badgujar \| \| ID80 \| Content Based Image Retrieval \| Kavita R. Raut \| \| ID81 \| Customer Relationship Management for Retail Items Using an Innovative Algorithm \| Vipul Laxmikant Redkar \| \| ID95 \| “Cloud Based Desktop” (Desktops in Distributed Cloud Infrastructures) \| Mr. Pankaj M. Katkar \| \| ID96 \| Green Computing an Eco-friendly Environment with Intelligent use of Computing) \| Mrs. Chinmaya K. Bari \| \| ID98 \| Critiquing the Different Image Splicing Techniques \| Ms. Manisha Pansare \| \| ID104 \| Overview on Minimizing Distortion in Image Steganography \| Miss Poonam Janardan Talele \| \| ID128 \| Educational Data Mining –A New Approach to the Education Systems \| 2Barahate Sachin R \| \| ID235 \| Automatic Question Paper Generation System \| Snehal Narayan Jagdale \| \| ID238 \| Identifying Story and Preview Images in News Web Pages \| Sneha Rajendra Sawant \| \| ID84 \| Image Conversion Using Mapreduce Framework In Hadoop \| \|---\|---\| \| ID85 \| Chromecast App Development for Android Devices \| \| ID86 \| Autonomous Robot Capable of Navigating Based On Solution of Planning Problem \| \| ID87 \| Car Radar Android application of vehicle tracking system by using Microcontroller and GPS/GSM /Bluetooth \| \| ID88 \| Detection of Spam Zombies Using SPOT \| \| ID99 \| Data Confidentiality for TrustedDB \| \| ID100 \| Developing an Android App for Easy and Quick Conveyance of Information \| \| ID101 \| Internet of Things (IOT): Challenges and Concept \| \| ID102 \| A Review on Click Based Web Image Re-Ranking \| \| ID103 \| Understanding Implicit Play Relationships in Multiplayer Online Games \| \| ID114 \| Performance Comparison of Data Mining Techniques for Banking Customer Behaviour \| \| ID131 \| Revenue Intensification in CloudComputing \| \| ID243 \| Key Aggregate Cryptosystem to Transfer Scalable Data in Cloud \| \| ID161 \| \| Design and Analysis of Self Centering Steady Rest For Supercut-6 CNC Turning \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| \| Machine Using CAD & FEA \| \| \| \| ID162 \| Sliding Wear Behavior Study oF Al-TiC In Situ Composite \| Amar Kumar \| \| \| ID163 \| Emotion Analysis Using Text Mining \| Manasi Kanoje \| \| \| ID164 \| Decision making using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP \| Vaibhav Gaikwad \| \| ID165 \| ID165 \| Effect of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Content on Internal Structure And Mechanical \| Virendra P. Neve \| \| \| \| Properties of CNT-Reinforced Aluminium Composites \| \| \| ID166 \| \| Study of Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness In Electrochemical \| \| \| \| \| Machining of 316L Stainless Steel \| \| \| ID167 \| \| End Milling of 316L Stainless Steels of PVD Coated Carbide Inserts in Dry and \| \| \| \| \| Wet Machining Environment \| \| \| \| ID168 \| Comparative FEA Analysis of Pressure Vessel Heads \| Sujit P. Patil \| \| \| ID169 \| SIF Determination for cracked plates by using method of photoelasticity \| Pravin R. Gawande \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| ID170 \| Minimum Quantity Lubrication \| Rupesh M Parthe \| \| \| ID171 \| Optimization of Machining Parameters of EN36 \| Tusharkumar D. Mali \| \| \| ID172 \| Organic Break Pad in Tribological Aspect \| Sagar A. Dhotare \| \| \| ID173 \| Study of Different Mechanical Logic Circuits \| Sagar A. Dhotare \| \| ID174 \| ID174 \| An Introduction to Application of Zebra Pattern for Dissipation of Heat in \| Sumit S. Dharmarao \| \| \| \| Electronic Equipments \| \| \| \| ID175 \| Analyzing And Prioritising Entities Using AHP \| Swaraj Kadam \| \| \| ID185 \| Optimization of Saddle Supports in Horizontal Pressure Vessel \| Rohit P. Jadhav \| \| ID188 \| ID188 \| Lean manufacturing System in Industries for Increasing Productivity by Eliminating \| Jatale Shailesh Devidasrao \| \| \| \| Waste \| \| \| \| ID189 \| Design & Analysis of Solid & Hollow Impellers for Aero Engine Application \| Prof. Sonal Paresh Sali \| \| \| ID190 \| Optimisation of Conducting Polymer and Development of Battery \| M.Shivapradeep \| \| \| ID176 \| A Review On Electromagnetic Engine \| MandarBhalchandraThorwe \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| ID177 \| Analysis of “Solar Radiant Heat Flux” Through Concrete Slab \| Rohidas D. Gabhale \| \| \| ID178 \| Pipe Inspection Robot-A Case Study \| Linesh Bhangale \| \| ID179 \| ID179 \| Design and Analysis of Set up for Power Generation on Road using Sliding \| Akshay Chavan \| \| \| \| mechanism (RPG) \| \| \| ID191 \| \| Experimental and Simulation Study of Modified Acoustic Horn Design for \| \| \| \| \| Cleaning \| \| \| \| ID192 \| A Review: Fuel Cells and its Applications in Modern Vehicle Technology \| Utsav M Chawda \| \| ID193 \| ID193 \| Design of Base Isolator to Prevent Transmission of Horizontal Forces Acting on \| Amar Patil \| \| \| \| Machine during Earthquake \| \| \| ID194 \| \| Limit Load Analysis of a Pressure Vessel using ASME Section III and Section VIII \| \| \| \| \| Procedure by Non-Linear Finite Element Method \| \| \| ID196 \| \| Design and Analysis of HM/ HS Carbon Epoxy LH Drive axle in Maruti Suzuki \| \| \| \| \| WagonR VXi \| \| \| ID1 \| \| Parallel Kalman filters formulti-sensorenvironment: Algorithms andSimulations \| \| Vidya. R. Keshwani,Dr. Kallol Roy,Prof.Chetan S.Patil, Dr. M.J. \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| \| \| \| Lengare \| \| \| ID27 \| \| Surface Finish Images Classification Using Fuzzy Logic Classifier \| Feirz F.A Shaikh \| \| ID29 \| ID29 \| \| Detection of Abnormal Features from Fundus Images using Image Processing \| Anuj Kumar Pandey, Nikita Dhulap, Surekha Salunkhe, Sanket \| \| \| \| \| Techniques \| Kulkarni \| \| ID31 \| \| Intrabody Communication using Android Platform \| Intrabody Communication using Android Platform \| Ajinkya Kulkarni, Chinmay Prabhudesai, Rajesh Sarkar, Rupali \| \| \| \| \| \| Sawant \| \| \| ID33 \| \| Solar Powered Street Light Intensity Control \| Harsh Desai, Vishal Yadav, Ankit Wadkar \| \| \| ID150 \| \| Improvement of performance of a system with delay using SMC \| Manju Kurien \| \| \| ID157 \| \| Infant Identification From Their Cry Using MATLAB \| Prof. R. B. Singh \| \| \| ID158 \| \| Semantic Web Mining UsingArtificial Neural Network \| Ms.Chaitali Mhase \| \| \| ID159 \| \| Video Content Analysis And Indexing \| Anil W.Kale \| \| ID30 \| Artificial Intelligent Robot: A Sweeping Robot \| Ms. Sheetal Bhujade, Rima G. Pai, Hiral H. Patel \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| ID32 \| Rail Track Discontinuity Detection Using Optical Fiber Communication \| Neha Anne , Sharayu Kautkar, Swapnali Gadhave, Himani Narvekar, Vandana Khobragade \| \| ID34 \| Indoor Position Tracking and Detection System \| Zarrar Khan, \| \| ID63 \| Image segmentation using Fuzzy C-Mean and K Mean clustering technique \| Nikita Patil \| \| ID151 \| A Survey on Increased Adoption of Wearable Technology in Aerospace & Defense for Efficiency and Productivity \| Prof. Priyanka N. Borse \| \| ID 218 \| Communication device for deaf and blind person \| Madhura Mandlekar \| \| ID219 \| Cursor Movement Control Using Vision Technology \| Samata Gaikwad \| \| ID35 \| IoT Based Industrial Farming \| \|---\|---\| \| ID38 \| Innovative Wearable Navigation Device for the Blind Using Raspberry PI \| \| ID40 \| Single Phase Grid System Using Single Stage Connection \| \| ID42 \| A Review of Optimization techniques used for solving Unit Commitment and Economic Dispatch problems \| \| ID62 \| Content Centric For Mobile Adhoc Network to Avoid Packet Loss \| \| ID220 \| Intra body communication data transfer between mobile and pc \| \| ID221 \| Multimodal Biometric Authentication For Iris And Palmprint Fusion \| \| ID222 \| NFC Based Video Attendance System \| \| ID36 \| E Waste Management In Smart City \| \|---\|---\| \| ID39 \| Air Core Generator \| \| ID41 \| Improving Reliability of Distribution System by Optimal Placement of DGs \| \| ID43 \| Simulation of Z-Source Inverter Fed InductionMotor Drive \| \| ID61 \| Multirate digital signal processing Techniques in the receiver stage of RADARS \| \| ID223 \| "SMART FARMING" Solar Energy based Farm security system using Thermal/IR sensor with GSM, RFID and Automated Irrigation using Soil moisture Sensor \| \| ID229 \| Embedded based solar powered grass cutter \| \| ID230 \| Power line Communication \| \| ID234 \| Human Resource Building for Manufacturing Industries \| \| ID44 \| Online Shopping Acceptance Model based on User Comment \| Manoshree V. Nikam \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| ID53 \| Domain Specific Security Technologies of Cloud Computing \| Sudhirkumar T Khelkar \| \| ID55 \| WOMEN SAFETY SYSTEM \| Mr. Hrushikesh Patil \| \| ID57 \| Various Technologies in Smart Bag System \| Ms. Rupali Dabade \| \| ID60 \| A Robust Real Time Number Plate Recognition System \| Aditi D. Parab \| \| ID231 \| Data Security using Steganography \| Mr Anand Narayan \| \| ID232 \| Student Security System \| Vashist. T. Singh \| \| ID246 \| Modern Farm Automation Based on RTC \| Vele Harshala \| \| ID247 \| Plc Based Security System of Home And Office \| Payar Bhaskar \| \| ID45 \| Silica Gel Synthesis of Pure Potassium Hydrogen Tartrate Single Crystals and Their FTIR and XRD Characterization \| \|---\|---\| \| ID54 \| Wireless Machine to Machine Healthcare Solution in Global Networks \| \| ID56 \| Alive Human Detector \| \| ID58 \| Design of a Real Time Automatic Vehicle Accident Prevention, Detection & Tracking System Using Cellular Network \| \| ID59 \| Controlling electrical appliances using Computer Speech, Android Appliances \| \| ID233 \| Efficient Secure Routing using DCN in Dynamic Wireless Sensor Network \| \| ID244 \| Plc Based Separation Process Of Metals & Non-Metals Using Object Identification Method \| \| ID245 \| Object Sorting Process Automation using PLC \| \| ID89 \| Personal Digital Assistant For Blind People \| \|---\|---\| \| ID90 \| Efficient Data Recovery and Compression Using Shared Scheme For Secret Audio Sharing \| \| ID91 \| Fingerprint Recognition & Classification System by Minutia Extraction using Self- Organization Maps \| \| ID92 \| Find Unauthorised User Techniques under Attack \| \| ID93 \| Song Recommendation System Using Genetic Algorithm \| \| ID94 \| To Analyze TRP using Business Intelligence using twitter and television media \| \| ID105 \| Big Data Management as a Service (BDMaaS) using NOSQL model from Cloud \| \| ID106 \| Deliberation on Face Anti-Spoofing Techniques \| \| ID107 \| ACO-GA based routing algorithm for MANET \| \| ID108 \| Privacy Preservation and Discremination Prevention during Data Mining in Distributed Environment \| \| ID129 \| Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks- A Review \| \| ID239 \| Healthcare Application On Android \| \| ID242 \| Web Usage Mining: A Survey on Pattern Extraction from Web Logs \| \| ID97 \| IRIS Recognition Technology \| \|---\|---\| \| ID109 \| Secured Encryption And Transmission \| \| ID110 \| Privacy Preserving using data Anonymization technique on Hadoop \| \| ID111 \| Investigation of View Factors in Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor \| \| ID112 \| EduRight: Bridge between Education and Disability \| \| ID113 \| Ranking of Dynamic Query Forms using Fscore \| \| ID115 \| Generations of Mobile Communication and Scope of Latest Technology \| \| ID116 \| Performance Improvement of Privacy Preserving in K-anonymous Database Using 3DES-Tiger-RSA \| \| ID119 \| Driver Alertness Monitoring using OpenCV and Android Smartphone \| \| ID120 \| An Integrated Automatic Compiling System for Student Feedback on Java Programs \| \| ID121 \| Load Balancing And Failover System \| \| ID130 \| Innovation For Description Mapping E- Media Databases Matching Name Domain In Social Network Context Using Software Process Model For Photo Auto Tagging \| \| ID240 \| Trusted Third-party based Authentication Protocol in Cloud Computing \| \| ID76 \| Data Clustering in Hadoop Framework \| \|---\|---\| \| ID82 \| Enhanced Driving License Using NFC \| \| ID83 \| Optimized fire Alarm system for better protection using Image Processing Technique \| \| ID118 \| Evaluation of Quality of services in Wireless Sensor Networks \| \| ID122 \| Automated College Timetable Generator \| \| ID123 \| Credit Card Fraud Detection System \| \| ID124 \| Ensuring user data security in cloud computing and OPoR model \| \| ID125 \| Security Threats In Crowd Computing \| \| ID126 \| Distributed Intrusion Detection System with the Integration of Encryption , Splitting-up approach and OTP for Cloud Security \| \| ID132 \| Steganography- A Method of Encrypting Message \| \| ID133 \| Smart Code Developer \| \| ID237 \| Understanding Kin Relationship In Photo \| \| ID241 \| Online Aptitude Exam Generation System 1 \| \| ID181 \| Enhancement of Heat Transfer Rate In A Radiator Using CuO Nanofluid \| Amruta P. Birar \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| ID182 \| Experimental Analysis of Thermo-electric cooling of IC Engines \| Mr. Shivprasad Shahaji Yadav \| \| ID183 \| Grinding Wheel Attachment on Lathe Machine \| Darshan S. Attarde \| \| ID184 \| Design, Development and Analysis of Differential Anti-reverse Mechanism \| Ameya M. Mahadeshwar \| \| ID186 \| A Review of hydraulic jumps due to circular impinging jets \| Ashish W. Khandalkar \| \| ID202 \| Fabrication of Smart E-Bicycle \| Omkar Maruti Sankpal \| \| ID203 \| Design of Four Wheel Steering Zero Turning Radius \| Gore Hrishikesh Rajendra \| \| ID209 \| Economic aspects of green building- A review \| Krishna A. Joshi \| \| ID210 \| Economic Aspects of Green Building- A Review \| A K Biradar \| \| ID217 \| Resistance Spot Weldability of Dissimilar Materials in 1 mm Thick Sheet \| P PChoughule \| \| ID195 \| Water Harvesting – A Solution to Drought & Falling Level of Ground Water \| \|---\|---\| \| ID199 \| Design and Fabrication of Grain Husk Aspiration And Grading Machine \| \| ID200 \| Solar Based Sea Oil Separator \| \| ID211 \| Effects of Concentration Skills in English Study \| \| ID212 \| Laplace Transform and Its Application In Various Field \| \| ID213 \| Negative impact of modern communication on social life \| \| ID214 \| Spectral Analysis of Fourier series Using SCILAB \| \| ID215 \| Synthesis of derivatives of Coumarin and its application \| \| ID216 \| Analytical Study of Communicative Language Teaching \| \| ID187 \| \| Analysis of implementing a concept of Supermarket and its impact on Inventory \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| \| \| Management of Rotors \| \| \| \| ID197 \| Design of Three Wheeler for SAE- EFFICYCLE 2015 \| Prof. Rajendra L. Bharambe \| \| ID198 \| ID198 \| Effect of Dean Number on heat transfer to Newtonian fluid through spiral coils with \| Rahul Harishchandra Patil \| \| \| \| constant wall Temperature in laminar flow \| \| \| \| ID204 \| Recumbent Tadpole Trike (HMV) Human power vehicle \| Vivekkumar Maurya \| \| \| ID205 \| Design & Development of Go-Kart (A Racing Car) \| Ankita Kamble \| \| \| ID206 \| Design of Pneumatic Exoskeleton using Artificial Muscles \| Vishal Parshuram Patil \| \| ID207 \| ID207 \| Thermal Hydraulic Studies On Thermal Storage Design For Solar Energy \| Sameer S. Gole \| \| \| \| Application \| \| \| \| ID208 \| The Space Shuttle-A Future Space Transformation System \| Sachin Rajaram Bhosale \|	<urn:uuid:e35289f8-f5d0-4a9e-babe-ddc12f49afcd>	CC-MAIN-2018-51	http://icerat2016.appspot.com/docs/session.pdf	2018-12-18T19:18:58Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376829568.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20181218184418-20181218210418-00287.warc.gz	141,988,690	6,115	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.572911	eng_Latn	0.550668	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown", "unknown" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 554, 1502, 2447, 3422, 4372, 5137, 5841, 6802, 7598, 8757, 9691, 10615, 11721, 12757, 13894, 14655, 15235, 15877, 16534, 17226, 18218, 19229, 20053, 20950, 21557, 22471 ]
Methods of preparing internal combustion engine cylinder bore surfaces for frictional improvement Kong Chung Hwa\textsuperscript{1,2}, D.Ramasamy\textsuperscript{1,2,}, K. Kadrigama\textsuperscript{1,2}, M. M.Noor\textsuperscript{1,2}, M. M.Rahman\textsuperscript{1,2}, M. Samykano\textsuperscript{1,2} \textsuperscript{1}Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia \textsuperscript{2}Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia Abstract. Frictional losses piston to cylinder bore contact is a major sources of mechanical losses in an internal combustion engine (ICE). Traditional plateau honing produces a relatively rough cylinder bore surface with many valleys for oil retention and plateau surfaces that are usually has micro roughness’s that causes mechanical friction to act as a bearing surface. A smooth polished dimpled surface is more ideal to achieve low friction and wear in an ICE. Alternative methods to create a smooth dimpled surface on a hypereutectic aluminum ADC12 substrate for frictional improvements are evaluated in this study using an oscillating wear tester (OWT). The methods include casting in the dimples in the aluminum matrix, sandblasting as well as embossing the pits. The texture samples are evaluated by examining the surface properties, measuring frictional coefficient as well as wear characteristics. It was found that the samples embossed with #320 grit sandpaper and sandblasted with #240 sieve sand samples had a reduced coefficient of friction ($\mu$) of 23% at low sliding speeds before hydrodynamic lubrication mode and 6.9% in the fully hydrodynamic lubrication region. 1 Introduction The wheel revolutionized human civilization as it enabled heavy transportation of goods and commodities, fostered trade, made construction of larger structures possible and revolutionized human transport in the form of wheel barrows, horse carriages and ox carts. It wasn’t until the accidental discovery by an engineer by the name of Beauchamp Tower whom in his experiment observed that the sliding surfaces can be separated by a pressurized oil film that the idea of two sliding surfaces can be separated by a lubricant achieving minimal friction and wear. Reynolds furthered his findings and established the theories of hydrodynamic lubrication and in 1922, Sir William Bate Hardy coined the term boundary lubrication [1, 2]. Since the turn of the 20th century, burning hydrocarbon based fuels in Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) has become one of the primary energy generation methods. Corresponding author: [email protected] Globally, the burning of fossil fuels provides 86.4% of energy demands [3]. It saw applications far and wide from power generation to transport and even to operating a myriad of machines which together has powered mankind through the industrialization era and brought about the modern age as we know it today. The widespread application success of the ICE has hence contributed a major role in Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere. According to the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC), 57% of the total greenhouse emissions in 2007 came from the burning of fossil fuels alone which amounts to 32 billion metric tonnes of CO2 [4]. The average CO2 levels in the atmosphere has risen from 328 ppm in 1970 to 399 ppm in 2013 [5]. As ICEs still are an integral to modern day living and its fuel source is not renewable, it is wise to invest some effort to make it cleaner and more fuel efficient to stretch oil reserve lifespans; allowing for more time for alternative renewable energy sources such as solar power to mature. An ICE that is cleaner and more efficient not only reduce running costs, but also helps reduce the its environmental footprint, preserving the environment for the future generations to come. As governments worldwide begin to impose emission regulations to do their part to reduce greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, there has been ever increasing importance for engine manufacturers to improve the emissions and efficiency of their smaller engines as well. The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (2008-2012) has just been passed where participating countries are required to reduce overall CO2 emissions from their 1990 levels over the next decade as stated in the agreement. The second commitment period (2013-2020) will see further CO2 cuts [6] which will push green engine designers to find extra efficiency from power plants and vehicles. This in turn has pushed vehicle manufacturers to consider the use of aluminum as an engine block material to further reduce weight, saving fuel and reducing CO2 emissions in the process. Other improvements implemented include better fueling systems, improved engine head designs and changes aimed at reducing the mechanical friction of an ICE such as the use of smaller sized bearings as well as low friction cylinder bore surfaces. Reducing the mechanical losses of an ICE is a key part in improving its efficiency. Besides the energy wasted heating up the engine as well as spent hot exhaust gasses, the second largest energy loss is from mechanical friction in the engine especially in the piston assembly [7-9]. In Figure 1, most of the power from combustion is converted in to heat. The remaining energy is turned in to work done and out of the work done by the ICE, a significant portion of it goes to overcoming mechanical and pumping losses [10, 11]. Figure 1 shows that the frictional losses from an ICE is mostly contributed by the piston assembly. Therefore, improvements in this area would yield the most effect to improving the overall fuel efficiency of an ICE. Aluminum especially in the form of its various silicate alloys is a lightweight metal that has good strength to weight ratios and has seen applications in many fields of engineering [12]. In the field of internal combustion engines, there has been an increasing trend where aluminium is used as the main material to produce engine blocks [13]. Aluminium is either cast around a cast iron liner or used as it is to from the cylinder block. The eutectic silicate alloy of aluminium, A390 has good strength to weight ratio and exhibits good wear properties due to its high silicate content preventing wear after the aluminium has been etched away exposing the silicate as the bearing surface. This coupled with surface honing to create a crossed hatch pattern in the cylinder bore surface is the method currently deployed in making small ICEs for applications such as grass trimmers, chainsaws, small generators and other general purpose engines. To achieve minimal friction between the sliding surfaces in the engine bore, the ideal mating surfaces are polished and lubricated but this cannot be used as piston rings scrape off lubrication and the following reciprocations will result in unlubricated surfaces sliding past each other hence causing catastrophic wear and tear after short operation periods. [14, 15]. Surface honing makes plateaued scratches on the surface of the cylinder but increases surface friction as it reduces surface conformity and creates more instances where the piston ring pack comes in to contact with the cylinder bore surface, which is known as boundary lubrication. Ideally, the cylinder bore has to be a surface that is polished to minimize inconformity between sliding surfaces which is the main cause of boundary lubrication mode [16]. Having said that however, an overly smooth conforming surface is detrimental when it comes to reciprocating wear systems as the reciprocating action wipes off the oil in one cycle and the following cycles would suffer from lubrication starvation and subsequently, catastrophic wear [17, 18]. To achieve reduction in friction and wear, the sliding surfaces ideally need to have a smooth surface and a uniformly distributed array of recesses or dimples to allow oil retention but at the same time ensuring good surface conformity. 2 Measurement of piston ring friction Piston ring tension of the compression rings used in this study is measured using a method developed by Tan and Ripin where the piston assembly is placed on a V-block and the tensile machine is set in compression mode. In this test, an Instron 3360 universal testing machine is used. The compression speed of the machine is set at 0.005 mm/s and the compression is stopped when the diameter of the of the piston ring reaches the diameter of the cylinder bore. A V-block is used to locate the piston assembly during testing. The forces are resolved using a free body diagram as shown in Figure 2. The measurement is repeated three times and the average piston ring tension is calculated [19]. The averaged result from the compression test shows that the piston ring tension of the compression ring is 17.9 N. The elastic tension of the piston ring is given by Eq. (1). \[ \Sigma F = F_1 + F_2 + F_3 \tag{1} \] Since, \[ F_2 = F_3 \] The surface area of contact between the piston ring and the cylinder bore is calculated via Eq. (2) \[ \text{Area} = \pi \times r \times t \tag{2} \] where \(r\) is the radius of the cylinder bore and \(t\) is the thickness of the piston ring measured to be 1.5 mm giving an area of 169.6 mm². Hence the nominal contact pressure of the piston ring to the cylinder bore for each given piston ring is calculated to be 254.7 kPa using Eq. (3) \[ P = \frac{\text{Force}}{\text{Area}} \] (3) Fig. 2. Free body diagram of the piston assembly on the V-block during piston ring tension measurement. Dotted line indicate initial position of piston ring. ### 3 Initial oscillating wear tester fabrication Initially an OWT design was conceptualized design criterions such as ease of sample fabrication to eliminate the need for complicated machining and enable higher repeatability in surface preparation and the ability to operate at a wide range of speeds that would be able to produce a broader representation of the friction curve behavior of an ICE as in Figure 3. To achieve these criterions that had been set, the OWT needed to have a small stroke that is similar to small ICEs and a low reciprocating weight to reduce the vibrations during testing. The next step was to make oil retention in the materials. The material was casted from aluminum and graphite was added to make peaks and valleys. The peaks and valleys undergo wear and due to their oil retention the friction coefficient is estimated to be reduced and a smoother engine operation is targeted. Fig. 3. Oscillating Wear Tester. 4 Results and discussion Oil retention volume, VO in $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$ is calculated via the Eq. (4) as described by [20] using the surface roughness values: Figure 4 shows the calculated oil retention volume for each of the samples in comparison with plateau honed surface. Conventional plateau honing would produce a surface with an oil retention volume of 0.83 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$. Samples that were casted with graphite powder has even lower oil retention volume in comparison with the highest being only 0.61 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$ and lowest being 0.49 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$. The low oil retention volumes are attributed to the smoothness of the surface of the samples that were casted with graphite powder, having only small pits to retain oil after the piston rings sweep through the surface. $$V_O = \left(\frac{100 - MR2}{200}\right) \cdot R_{vk}$$ \hspace{1cm} (4) FigIn contrast to the low amounts of oil retention from the smooth surfaces of the samples casted with powdered graphite, surfaces that were sandblasted had much higher oil retention volumes which are attributed by their deep valleys that are formed when the impact of the sand particles on the surface of the substrate. Amongst the sandblasted samples, #180 sieve sandblasted sample has the highest oil retention volume with 3.68 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$ followed by #240 sieve sandblasted sample with 2.41 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$. #320 sieve sandblasted sample has an oil retention volume that is slightly higher than that of a conventional plateau honed surface with 1.18 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$. Embossing also creates surfaces that have equally high oil retention volumes as sandblasted surfaces with #320 grit sandpaper embossed surface having up to 4.46 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$ of oil retention due to the very deep valleys created from the embossing process because of the higher contact pressure between the surface asperities to the surface. The oil retention sharply falls off to a more modest 1.85 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$ and 1.40 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$ when #480 grit and #640 grit sandpaper were used to emboss the surface as the valley depths of these two subsequent embossing are much less deep in comparison. Overall the sandblasted samples and embossed samples exhibited improved oil retention volumes over the conventional plateau honed sample which improves the oil film strength as well as their resistance to seizing during heavy operations. Their ability to maintain the oil retention even after excessive wear will also be good as the indentations created are deep enough to maintain the surface’s ability to retain oil even after a significant amount of wear depth. Bearing area curve (BAC) or also known as the Abbott-Firestone curve or areal material ratio curve is cumulative probability density function of a surface profile’s height. Typically a BAC is divided into three sections; profile peaks, profile surface land and profile valleys. The cumulative material ratio of the peaks is the curve starting from the 100% point that falls rapidly into a straight line which is the profile surface land. The surface profile land ends with a curve that steeply drops down to zero which represent the cumulative percentage of material height of the valleys on the surface profile. The beginning and the end of the bearing area land is denoted by the MR1 and MR2 points and the larger the bearing area land, generally the more tolerance it has for normal wear and tear. The BAC curve of the conventional plateau honed sample has a MR1 that starts at 9.8% and MR2 at 88.4%. Samples casted with graphite powder however has a MR1 value that occurs at an earlier between 4.6% to 5.3% and their MR2 points occur even later between 93.8% to 96.4%. This gives the graphite powder casted samples a slightly larger bearing area surface as seen in Figure 5 where the BAC of all three graphite powder casted samples are plotted along with the BAC of plateau honed surface for comparison. The bearing land area of the powder casted samples has a steeper gradient compared to plateau honed surface which indicates that the plateau honed surface flatter plateau region or peaks compared to the casted samples. Fig. 4. Calculated oil retention volume of the samples. Fig. 5. Bearing area curve of Al-Si casted with sieved graphite powder in comparison to plateau honed bearing area curve. The graphite addition seems to be beneficial in term peak and valley creation as in Figure 6. When the BAC of plateau honed sample was compared to sandblasted samples, the trend that can be seen is that the bearing area straight lines are above the bearing area lines of the conventional plateau honed sample even though the MR1 figures occur later between 8.7% to 12.8%. This is due to the nature of the surface roughness profiles that has valleys deeper than that of plateau honed surfaces. The deep valleys are shown at the end of the BAC of the sandblasted samples that fall off steeply from about 50% of the profile height as in Figure 7. The MR2 also occurs at about the same range as conventional plateau honed which is from 84.2% to 89.8% which would give it an advantage in oil retention volumes over conventional plateau honed surfaces. The surface embossed with #320 grit sandpaper has BAC similar to that of a sandblasted sample with a low profile height % before MR1 at 11.7% and MR2 occurs at 83.5% with more than 50% of the profile height in valleys. For the sample embossed with #480 grit sandpaper, the BAC closely resembles that of a plateau honed surface with the MR1 and MR2 occurring slightly earlier at 8.5% and 84.4%. When #640 grit sandpaper was used, the resulting surface has a BAC that has higher peaks than a plateau honed sample where the beginning part of the BAC is below the BAC of the plateau honed sample but the MR2 occurs at about the same range of profile height %. Though the profile maybe a bit peaky but the bearing landing is flatter than the other samples. ![Graphite 3 Carbon Deposits on the SEM](image) Fig. 6. Graphite 3 Carbon Deposits on the SEM. ![Bearing area curve of Al-Si sandblasted with grated sand in comparison to plateau honed bearing area curve.](image) Fig. 7. Bearing area curve of Al-Si sandblasted with grated sand in comparison to plateau honed bearing area curve. Peaks and valleys are created in sandblasted samples as in Figure 8 indicates that the samples are indeed creating oil retaining area which can aide the process of lubrication. For the embossed samples in comparison with plateau honed surface, there is a surprising amount of difference in the shape and the height of the BAC. Figure 9 is a plot of the BAC of the embossed samples in comparison to the plateau honed surface. Figure 10 shows that carbon deposit is similar to the EDX, with peak in Carbon value. The carbon addition shows good distribution of the valleys in Figure 11. The attrition of Aluminum in the sample increases as the wear is increased. The OWT running is make this possible. The Aluminum in the sample confirm that the material property is maintained. Based on Figure 11 the peaks and valleys occur as per BAC for the embosses sample. It is very similar to the plateau honed and can be described as a new method to increase the oil retention. Fig. 10. EDX Showing the attrition of the sample. Fig. 11. Emboss 1 Surface is more distributed compared to plateau honing. 5 Conclusions From the surface measurements, frictional measurements and wear studies of hypereutectic aluminium-silicon (ADC12) alloy, the following conclusions can be made: 1. The samples that have undergone polishing to flatten out the peaks and has lower Ra than plateau honing have on average, 24% lower coefficient of friction than plateau honed surface which shows especially significantly at speeds of 300 rpm and below and on average, 6% lower coefficient of friction at sliding speeds above 1200 rpm. 2. Hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy samples casted with graphite powder has significantly lower friction and wear rate attributed by the smooth polished surface that resembled a well-worn cylinder bore surface however suffer from low oil retention volumes which eventually led to lowered resistance to catastrophic wear. 3. Surfaces created from #240 sieve sandblasting and #320 grit embossing showed improvement over conventional plateau honed surface due to their lower mean surface roughness and similar skewedness values coupled with improved oil retention. The authors would like to acknowledge Universiti Malaysia Pahang in the vote RDU 1403124 internal grants and Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal together with Automotive Engineering Research Group (AERG) for funding the research. References 1. D. Dowson, A. Goldsmith, C. McNie, and S. Smith, A Tribological Study of Metal-on-metal Total Replacement Hip Joints: London, Professional Engineering Publishing, 2003. 2. G. Stachowiak and A. W. Batchelor, Experimental methods in tribology vol. 44: Elsevier, 2004. 3. A. E. Outlook, "Energy information administration," Department of Energy, 2010. 4. I. P. O. C. Change, "IPCC," Aspectos Regionais e Setoriais da Contribuição do Grupo de Trabalho II ao 4º Relatório de Avaliação “Mudança Climática 2007” do IPCC, 2007. 5. S. M. Miller, S. C. Wofsy, A. M. Michalak, E. A. Kort, A. E. Andrews, S. C. Biraud, et al., "Anthropogenic emissions of methane in the United States," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol. 110, pp. 20018–20022, 2013. 6. U. Nations, "Kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change," 1998. 7. J. B. Heywood, Internal combustion engine fundamentals vol. 930: Mcgraw-hill New York, 1988. 8. C. Taylor, "Automobile engine tribology—design considerations for efficiency and durability," Wear, vol. 221, pp. 1-8, 1998. 9. D. Ramasamy, Z. Zainal, K. Kadirgama, and H. W.-G. Briggs, "Effect of dissimilar valve lift on a bi-fuel CNG engine operation," Energy vol. 112, pp. 509-519, 2016. 10. P. Mishra, S. Balakrishnan, and H. Rahnejat, "Tribology of compression ring-to-cylinder contact at reversal," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, vol. 222, pp. 815-826, 2008. 11. A. Spencer, A. Almqvist, and R. Larsson, "A numerical model to investigate the effect of honing angle on the hydrodynamic lubrication between a combustion engine piston ring and cylinder liner," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology. vol. 225, pp. 683-689, 2011. 12. J. G. Kaufman, Introduction to aluminum alloys and tempers: ASM International, 2000. 13. J.-m. Chen and J.-h. Jia, "Investigation of the tribological behavior of an aluminum alloy with embedded materials," Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 302, pp. 222-226, 2001. 14. Z. Dimkovski, N. Allard, C. Anderberg, F. Strömstedt, S. Johansson, B.-G. Rosen, et al., "Cylinder Liner Honed Surface Optimisation—a Manufacture-Characterisation-Function Study," in 1st Swedish Production Symposium, 28-30 August, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2007, p. 9. 15. E. Tomanik, "Friction and wear bench tests of different engine liner surface finishes," Tribology International, vol. 41, pp. 1032-1038, 2008. 16. L. Mourier, D. Mazuyer, F. Ninove, and A. Lubrecht, "Lubrication mechanisms with laser-surface-textured surfaces in elastohydrodynamic regime," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, vol. 224, pp. 697-711, 2010. 17. M. Organisciak, G. Cavallaro, and A. Lubrecht, "Variable lubricant supply of a starved hydrodynamic linear contact: lubricant lateral flow for smooth and laser textured surfaces," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, vol. 221, pp. 247-258, 2007. 18. D. Ramasamy, Z. Zainal, R. Bakar, and K. Kadigama, "Mass fraction burn comparison of compressed natural gas and gasoline," in Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014, pp. 442-446. 19. Y.-C. Tan and Z. M. Ripin, "Frictional behavior of piston rings of small utility two-stroke engine under secondary motion of piston," Tribology International, vol. 44, pp. 592-602, 2011. 20. M. Priest and C. Taylor, "Automobile engine tribology—approaching the surface," Wear, vol. 241, pp. 193-203, 2000.	<urn:uuid:74da2c67-4826-4548-9814-840aeee39622>	CC-MAIN-2019-26	https://www.matec-conferences.org/articles/matecconf/pdf/2017/04/matecconf_aigev2017_01055.pdf	2019-06-18T00:50:08Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998600.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20190618003227-20190618025227-00263.warc.gz	840,043,497	5,284	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.933556	eng_Latn	0.993253	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	true	docling	[ 2661, 7056, 9355, 10624, 14653, 15815, 17335, 17878, 18004, 21266, 22972 ]
Leadership Wyoming Youth Program Questionnaire Name (optional): ______________________________ Age: ___________ Grade: ___________ School / City: ______________________________ Age: ___________ Grade: ___________ School / City: ______________________________ Leadership Wyoming is a program providing opportunities for a better understanding of the economic and social diversity and the challenges facing our state as well as offering development opportunities for the participants’ leadership skills. Our hope is to offer the same opportunities to the youth of Wyoming through experiences in various communities around the state in multiple sessions of varied length. As part of our exploration process, we would like to get your valuable input on the following questions. Would you be interested in participating in a Youth Leadership Wyoming program? What would you expect to learn in such a program? What do you wish you could learn about Wyoming that you haven’t learned in H.S.? What would you hope is NOT included in such a program? If you could change anything for youth in Wyoming, what would it be? What communities would interest you the most and why? Would you or your family require assistance with the necessary travel? Any other thought you would like to share:	<urn:uuid:31bc0823-7cfe-4219-b3e6-22981e38caf4>	CC-MAIN-2017-34	http://leadershipwyoming.org/images/Youth_Leadership_Wyoming_Program_-_Youth_Questions,_PDF_Format.pdf	2017-08-24T06:36:53Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886133042.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170824062820-20170824082820-00670.warc.gz	226,309,181	257	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.998893	eng_Latn	0.998893	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1309 ]
Over the years, we have published numerous essays examining papers that become highly cited shortly after publication. Presumably, the immediate impact of these papers points to "where the action is." In these studies, however, the life sciences usually dominate, especially such fields as biochemistry, immunology, and molecular biology. In separate studies of the physical sciences, theoretical and experimental particle physics and quantum field theory papers usually predominate. Other fields, such as botany, mathematics, or geosciences, may be underrepresented. Various factors account for this underrepresentation. In general, the number of citations a paper in a given field is "eligible" to receive depends on the size of that field's literature. Another key factor is the number of references cited in the average paper. For example, the average biochemistry paper cites twice as many references as the average mathematics paper. Thus, a biochemical article has twice the chance of being cited as does a mathematical article. The prolific output of papers by biochemists increases the probability that their papers will dominate a list based on absolute counts. So it would be ludicrous to make direct comparisons between fields without "normalizing" for these variances. By focusing on selected portions of ISI's data base, however, we can identify key articles from fields that would not otherwise turn up. For example, we recently identified the 44 most-cited entomology papers from a list of 36 core journals. Papers from such small fields ordinarily do not achieve the required citation threshold in multidisciplinary studies based on the entire Science Citation Index (SCI). For similar reasons, we used the CompuMath Citation Index to identify 100 highly cited articles in pure and applied mathematics and computer science. By a similar approach, we have now identified geosciences articles published in 1981 which were highly cited from 1981 to 1983. Data for this essay are from ISI/GeoSciTech, our online data base for the earth sciences. ISI/GeoSciTech includes petroleum science, geochemistry and geophysics, oceanography, metallurgy, mining, meteorology, and many other disciplines related to the Earth's environment. Each year, ISI/GeoSciTech comprehensively indexes more than 400 "core" earth sciences journals. By various selection routines, articles from another 1,500 journals are indexed. Potentially, articles could also be drawn from the over 3,300 publications covered in SCI, as well as another 2,700 from the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and the Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) data bases. Items from these journals are automatically indexed if they meet the requirements of the selection algorithm. For example, a current article is selected if it cites two or more articles from core journals. But each automatically selected item is then reviewed by our editors for its relevance to the geosciences. The present study is based on ISI/GeoSciTech data from 1981 through 1983. This includes 161,000 articles and the 3,000,000 references they cited. About 75 percent, or 120,000, of the articles were published in the fully covered core journals. The remaining 25 percent, or about 41,000 articles, were published in one of the selectively covered journals. Many of these noncore articles were from journals in the astrophysics, crystallography, ecology, and materials science. Consequently, a significant number of the papers identified below come from these journals. Table 1 includes the 99 papers we identified. They are listed in alphabetic order by first author. Each of the articles in this study received at least 25 citations. Had we lowered the threshold to 24, another 16 papers would have been listed. The number of times each paper was cited is followed by complete bibliographic information, including institutional affiliations. The average paper received 37 citations—4.5 in 1981, 13.9 in 1982, and 18.6 in 1983. The most-cited paper received 136 cites in this three-year period. Since most of the 4,000,000 papers and books cited each year in SCI receive only a few citations, the papers in this study are clearly above average in their impact. We do not claim that these papers represent the "best" or most original geosciences research. Nor is the inclusion of the citation counts meant to suggest that one paper is "better" than another. These papers identify emerging research areas or techniques. Based on experience, there is a strong chance that many will prove to be "important" in the future. But the integration of most new ideas and methods in the earth sciences is relatively slow. It is not unlikely that future analyses will reveal other 1981 papers that subsequently prove to be heavily cited. Recently, we clustered SCI and identified the most active research fronts. Briefly, a research front is established by identifying a group of current papers that collectively cite a cluster of earlier, "core" papers in a specialty. These co-citation clustering procedures have been described previously. Our work with SCI research fronts is an extension of those procedures. We expect to report our findings in more detail later. In the meantime, we found that 48 papers in Table 1 are core articles in these 1981, 1982, and 1983 research fronts. The appropriate code numbers follow each reference. Table 2 lists the titles of these research fronts, the number of papers from this study that are core to each one, and the total number of each research front's core papers. Table 3 shows the number of authors listed on the papers in this study. All but 17 papers were multiauthor works, with nine papers listing ten or more authors. Forty-six authors appear on more than one paper in Table 1. Thirty-nine authors were listed on two papers each. Seven have three papers each: D.J. DePaolo, R. Hanel, V.G. Kunde, W. Maguire, P.H. Reiff, R.E. Samuelson, and R.W. Spiro. Table 4 lists the 30 journals in which the geosciences papers were published. The three editions of the Journal of Geophysical Research (32 papers) and Science (19) account for more than half of the papers. The 51 papers in these two journals received over 2,000 citations, or 55 percent of the 3,662 cites to the 99 articles in this study. Thus, as expected, a Table 1: The 1981 geosciences articles most cited in 1981-1983, ISI/GeoSciTech™, in alphabetic order by first author. Code numbers indicate the ISIP research front specialties for which these are core papers. A = 1981 citations. B = 1982 citations. C = 1983 citations. D = total citations. E = bibliographic data. \| \| \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 3 \| 13 \| 21 \| 37 \| Akasofu S-I. Energy coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. Space Sci. Rev. 28:121-90, 1981. Univ. Alaska, Geophys. Inst., Fairbanks, AK. 83-0390 \| \| 1 \| 7 \| 20 \| 28 \| Angell J K. Comparison of variations in atmospheric quantities with sea surface temperature variations in the equatorial eastern Pacific. Mon. Weather Rev. 109:230-43, 1981. NOAA, Air Resources Labs., Silver Spring, MD; CSIRO, Div. Atmos. Phys., Victoria, Australia. 83-0958 \| \| 10\| 7 \| 12 \| 29 \| Arnold F, Henschen G & Ferguson E E. Mass spectrometric measurements of fractional ion abundances in the stratosphere—positive ions. Planet. Space Sci. 29:185-93, 1981. Max Planck Inst. Nucl. Phys., Heidelberg, FRG. \| \| 2 \| 6 \| 17 \| 25 \| Atlas E & Glam C S. Global transport of organic pollutants: ambient concentrations in the temperate marine atmosphere. Science 211:163-5, 1981. Texas A & M Univ., Chem. Dept., College Station, TX \| \| 7 \| 20 \| 25 \| 52 \| Bagenal F & Sullivan J D. Direct plasma measurements in the Io torus and inner magnetosphere of Jupiter. J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys. 86:8447-66, 1981. Mass. Inst. Technol., Ctr. Space Res., Cambridge, MA. 83-1538 \| \| 2 \| 12 \| 12 \| 26 \| Baker D N, Hones E W, Payne J B & Feldman W C. A high time resolution study of interplanetary parameter correlations with AE. Geophys. Res. Lett. 8:179-82, 1981. Univ. California, Los Alamos Sci. Lab., Los Alamos, NM. \| \| 3 \| 13 \| 14 \| 30 \| Ballistrieri L, Brewer P G & Murray J W. Scavenging residence times of trace metals and surface chemistry of sinking particles in the deep ocean. Deep-Sea Res. Pt. A—Oceanog. Res. 28:101-21, 1981. Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, MA; Univ. Washington, Dept. Oceanogr., Seattle, WA. \| \| 3 \| 11 \| 11 \| 25 \| Balluffi R W & Cash J W. Mechanism for diffusion induced grain boundary migration. Acta Met. 29:493-500, 1981. Mass. Inst. Technol., Dept. Mater. Sci. Eng., Cambridge, MA; Natl. Bur. Stand., Ctr. Mater. Sci., Washington, DC. 83-1708 \| \| 10\| 7 \| 11 \| 28 \| Barrie L A, Hoff R M & Dagupaty S M. The influence of mid-latitude pollution sources on haze in the Canadian Arctic. Atmos. Environ. 15:1407-19, 1981. Atmos. Envir. Res. Inst., Toronto, Canada. \| \| 0 \| 11 \| 15 \| 26 \| Ben-Avraham Z, Nur A, Jones D & Cox A. Continental accretion: from oceanic plateaus to allochthonous terranes. Science 213:47-54, 1981. Stanford Univ., Dept. Geophys., Stanford; US Geol. Survey, Menlo Park, CA. 83-1145 \| \| 2 \| 9 \| 18 \| 29 \| Benjamin M M & Leckie I O. Multiple-site adsorption of Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb on amorphous iron oxyhydroxide. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 79:209-21, 1981. Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA; Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA. 83-1353 \| \| 13\| 6 \| 8 \| 27 \| Boudier F & Coleman R G. Cross section through the peridotite in the Samail ophiolite, Southeastern Oman Mountains. J. Geophys. Res. 86:2573-92, 1981. Univ. Nantes, Tectonophys. Lab., Nantes, France; US Geol. Survey, Menlo Park, CA. \| \| 10\| 17 \| 22 \| 49 \| Bridge H S, Belcher J W, Lazarus A J, Olbert S, Sullivan J D, Bagenal F, Gazis P R, Hartle R E, Ogilvie K W, Scudder J D, Stittler E C, Evlatar A, Slecoe G L, Goertz C K & Vasyliunas V M. Plasma observations near Saturn: initial results from Voyager 1. Science 212:217-24, 1981. Mass. Inst. Technol., Ctr. Space Res. & Dept. Phys., Cambridge, MA; NASA/Goddard Space Flight Ctr., Lab. Planet. Atmos. & Lab. Extraterrest., Greenbelt, MD; Univ. California, Dept. Atmos. Sci., Los Angeles, CA; Max Planck Inst. Aeronom., Kadenburg-Lindau, FRG; Univ. Iowa, Iowa City, IA. 82-1234 \| \| 16\| 24 \| 25 \| 65 \| Broadfoot A L, Sandel B R, Sheimansky D E, Holberg J B, Smith G R, Strobel D F, McConnell J C, Kumar S, Hunten D M, Atreya S K, Donahue T M, Moos H W, Bertaux J L, Blamont J E, Pompfrey R B & Linick S. Extreme ultraviolet observations from Voyager 1 encounter with Saturn. Science 212:206-11, 1981. Univ. S. California, Earth Space Sci. Inst.; Univ. Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC; York Univ., Toronto, Canada; Univ. S. California, Los Angeles; Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, CA; Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD; CNRS, Serv. Aeronom., Verrières-le-Buisson, France. 83-3458; 82-1234 \| \| 7 \| 12 \| 10 \| 29 \| Broadfoot A L, Sandel B R, Sheimansky D E, McConnell J C, Smith G R, Holberg J B, Atreya S K, Donahue T M, Strobel D F & Bertaux J L. Overview of the Voyager ultraviolet spectrometry results through Jupiter encounter. J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys. 86:8259-84, 1981. Univ. S. California, Earth Space Sci. Inst., Tucson, AZ; Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC; CNRS, Serv. Aeronom., Verrières-le-Buisson, France. \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 6 \| 14 \| 11 \| 31 \| Brown R A. The Jupiter hot plasma torus: observed electron temperature and energy flows. Astrophys. J. 244:1072-80, 1981. Univ. Arizona, Lunar Planet. Lab., Tucson, AZ. \| \| 0 \| 3 \| 24 \| 27 \| Cameron R W., Lugmair G W & MacDougall J D. Columbia River volcanism: the question of mantle heterogeneity or crustal contamination. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45:2483-99, 1981. Univ. California, San Diego, Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA. 83-4040 \| \| 7 \| 10 \| 9 \| 26 \| Cavanaugh C M, Gardiner S L, Jones M L, Jannasch H W & Waterbury J B. Prokaryotic cells in the hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachyptila Jones: possible chemoautotrophic symbionts. Science 213:340-2, 1981. Harvard Univ., Museum Compar. Zool., Cambridge; Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, MA; Smithsonian Inst., Natl. Museum Nat. Hist., Washington, DC. \| \| 0 \| 16 \| 16 \| 32 \| Chase C G. Oceanic island Pb two-stage histories and mantle evolution. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 52:277-84, 1981. Univ. Minnesota, Dept. Geol. Geophys., Minneapolis, MN. 82-0401 \| \| 3 \| 5 \| 20 \| 28 \| Chen R E & Marsh J G. Seasat altimeter observations of dynamic topography in the Gulf Stream region. J. Geophys. Res.—Ocean. Atmos. 86:473-83, 1981. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Ctr., Geodynamics Branch, Greenbelt, MD. \| \| 1 \| 9 \| 16 \| 26 \| Colley M T & Mankin W G. Simultaneous spectroscopic determination of the latitudinal, seasonal, and diurnal variability of stratospheric N₂O, NO, NO₂, and HNO₃. J. Geophys. Res.—Ocean. Atmos. 86:7331-41, 1981. Natl. Ctr. Atmos. Res., Boulder. Univ. Denver, Dept. Phys., Denver, CO. 83-4567 \| \| 0 \| 10 \| 16 \| 26 \| Cook F A, Brown L D, Kaufman S, Oliver J E & Petersen T A. COCORP seismic profiling of the Appalachian orogen beneath the Coastal Plain of Georgia. Geol Soc Amer. Bull. Pt. I 92:738-48, 1981. Cornell Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci., Ithaca, NY. \| \| 3 \| 10 \| 13 \| 26 \| DePaolo D J. Nd isotopic studies: some new perspectives on earth structure and evolution. Eos 62:137-40, 1981. Univ. California, Dept. Earth Space Sci., Los Angeles, CA. \| \| 2 \| 7 \| 17 \| 26 \| DePaolo D J. Neodymium isotopes in the Colorado Front Range and crust-mantle evolution in the Proterozoic. Nature 291:193-6, 1981. Univ. California, Dept. Earth Space Sci., Los Angeles, CA. \| \| 2 \| 17 \| 28 \| 47 \| DePaolo D J. Trace element and isotopic effects of combined wallrock assimilation and fractional crystallization. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 53:189-202, 1981. Univ. California, Dept. Earth Space Sci., Los Angeles, CA. 82-1169 \| \| 5 \| 17 \| 16 \| 38 \| Desch M D & Kaiser M L. Voyager measurement of the rotation period of Saturn's magnetic field. Geophys. Res. Lett. 8:253-6, 1981. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Ctr., Lab. Extraterr. Phys., Greenbelt, MD. 83-3458; 82-1234 \| \| 1 \| 12 \| 24 \| 37 \| Dickinson R E, Ridley E C & Roble R G. A three-dimensional general circulation model of the thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys. 86:1499-512, 1981. Natl. Ctr. Atmos. Res., Boulder, CO. 83-0390 \| \| 0 \| 19 \| 20 \| 39 \| Dresselhaus M S & Dresselhaus G. Intercalation compounds of graphite. Advan. Phys. 30:139-326, 1981. Mass. Inst. Technol., Cambridge, MA. 83-4677 \| \| 7 \| 14 \| 15 \| 36 \| Dunkerton T, Hsu C-P F & McIntyre M E. Some Eulerian and Lagrangian diagnostics for a model stratospheric warming. J. Atmos. Sci. 38:819-43, 1981. Univ. Washington, Dept. Atmos. Sci., Seattle, WA. \| \| 0 \| 11 \| 17 \| 28 \| Dusenbery P B & Lyons I R. Generation of ion-conic distribution by upgoing ionospheric electrons. J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys. 86:7627-38, 1981. NOAA/ERL, Space Environ. Lab., Boulder, CO. \| \| 2 \| 30 \| 47 \| 79 \| Dziewonski A M & Anderson D L. Preliminary reference Earth model. Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors 20:297-356, 1981. Harvard Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci., Cambridge, MA; Calif. Inst. Technol., Seismol. Lab., Pasadena, CA. 83-0408; 83-1921 \| \| 3 \| 10 \| 14 \| 27 \| Dziewonski A M, Chou T A & Woodhouse J H. Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity. J. Geophys. Res. 86:2825-52, 1981. Harvard Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci., Cambridge, MA. \| \| 14\| 18 \| 30 \| 62 \| Gorney D J, Clarke A, Croley D, Fennell J, Luhmann J & Mitzer P. The distribution of ion beams and conics below 8000 km. J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys. 86:83-9, 1981. Aerospace Corp., Space Sci. Lab., Los Angeles, CA. 83-0390; 82-1086 \| \| 8 \| 14 \| 15 \| 37 \| Gregory R T & Taylor H P. An oxygen isotope profile in a section of cretaceous oceanic crust. Samail ophiolite, Oman: evidence for d¹⁸O buffering of the oceans by deep (> 5 km) seawater-hydrothermal circulation at mid-ocean ridges. J. Geophys. Res. 86:2737-55, 1981. Calif. Inst. Technol., Div. Geol. Planet. Sci., Pasadena, CA. \| \| 11\| 12 \| 17 \| 40 \| Gurnett D A, Kurth W S & Scarf F L. Plasma waves near Saturn: initial results from Voyager 1. Science 212:235-9, 1981. Univ. Iowa, Dept. Phys. Astron., Iowa City, IA; TRW Defense Space Syst. Group, Space Sci. Dept., Redondo Beach, CA. \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 13 \| 40 \| 34 \| 87 \| Hanel R, Conrath B, Flasar F M, Kunde V, Maguire W, Pearl J, Pirraglia J, Samuelson R, Herath L, Allison M, Cruikshank D, Gautier D, Glerasch P, Horn L, Koppany R & Ponnampemura C. Orbits of the small satellites of Saturn. Science 212:192-200, 1981. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Ctr., Greenbelt; Univ. Maryland, College Park, MD; Rice Univ., Houston, TX; Univ. Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; Paris Observ., Meudon, France; Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY; Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, CA. 83-3458; 82-1234 \| \| 2 \| 25 \| 44 \| 71 \| Hansen J, Johnson D, Lachs A, Lebedeff S, Lee P, Rind D & Russell G. Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Science 213:957-66, 1981. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Ctr., Greenbelt, MD; Columbia Univ.; Goddard Inst. 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Res. 86:3708-20, 1981. Univ. Paris VI, Geodyn. Lab., Paris; Ctr. Oceanogr. Bretagne, Brest, France. 83-1537 Lindzen R S. Turbulence and stress owing to gravity wave and tidal breakdown. J. Geophys. Res.—Ocean. Atmos. 86:9707-14, 1981. Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC and Harvard Univ., Ctr. Earth Planet. Phys., Cambridge, MA. 83-0924 Logan J A, Prather M J, Wolfs S C & McElroy M B. Tropospheric chemistry: a global perspective. J. Geophys. Res.—Ocean. Atmos. 86:7210-54, 1981. Harvard Univ., Ctr. Earth Planet. Phys., Cambridge, MA. 83-8298 Lowrie W & Alvarez W. One hundred million years of geomagnetic polarity history. Geology 9:392-7, 1981. Inst. Geophys., Zurich, Switzerland; Univ. California, Dept. Geol. Geophys., Berkeley, CA. 83-0691 Neas N F, Ashour H, Leppinen P, Connerney J E P, Behannon K W, Burlaga L F & Weaver F M. Magnetic field waves by Voyager 1: preliminary results at Saturn. Science 212:211-7, 1981. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Ctr., Lab. Extraterr. Phys., Greenbelt, MD; Tech. Univ., Braunschweig, FRG. 82-1234 North G R, Cahalan R F & Coakley J A. Energy balance climate models. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 19:91-121, 1981. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Ctr., Lab. Atmos. Sci., Greenbelt, MD; Natl. Cir. Atmos. Res., Boulder, CO. O'Hara M J & Mathews R E. Geochemical evolution in an advancing, periodically replenished, periodically tapped, continuously fractionated magma chamber. J. Geol. Soc. London 138:237-77, 1981. Univ. Wales, Univ. Coll. Wales, Aberystwyth, UK. Okuda H & Ashour-Abdalla M. Formation of a conical distribution and intense ion heating in the presence of hydrogen cyclotron waves. Geophys. Res. Lett. 8:811-4, 1981. Univ. California, Dept. Phys. & Inst. Geophys. Planet. Phys., Los Angeles, CA. Pallister J S & Hopson C A. Samail ophiolite plutonic suite: field relations, phase variation, cryptic variation and layering, and a model of a spreading ridge magma chamber. J. Geophys. Res. 86:2593-644, 1981. Univ. California, Dept. Geol. Sci., Santa Barbara, CA. Randel W N. Diagnostic study of a wavenumber-2 stratospheric sudden warming in a transformed Eulerian-mean formalism. J. Atmos. Sci. 38:844-55, 1981. Meteorol. Off., Bracknell, UK. Phillips R I, Kaula W M, McGill G E & Mallin M C. Tectonics and evolution of Venus. Science 212:879-87, 1981. Lunar Planet. Inst., Houston, TX; Univ. California, Dept. Earth Space Sci., Los Angeles, CA; Univ. Massachusetts, Dept. Geol. Geogr., Amherst, MA; Arizona State Univ., Dept. Geol., Tempe, AZ. Ramanathan V. The role of ocean-atmosphere interactions in the CO$_2$ climate problem. J. Atmos. Sci. 38:918-30, 1981. Natl. Ctr. Atmos. Res., Boulder, CO. 83-5753 Rasmussen R A & Khalil M A K. Atmospheric methane (CH$_4$): trends and seasonal cycles. J. Geophys. Res.—Ocean. Atmos. 86:9826-32, 1981. Oregon Grad. Ctr., Dept. Environ. Sci., Beaverton, OR. 83-8298 Rasmussen R A, Khalil M A K & Dalluge R W. Atmospheric trace gases in Antarctica. Science 211:285-7, 1981. Oregon Grad. Ctr., Dept. Environ. Sci., Beaverton, OR. \| \| \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 0 \| 10 \| 26 \| 36 \| Reiff P H, Sprolo R W & Hill T W. Dependence of polar cap potential drop on interplanetary parameters. J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys. 86:7639-48, 1981. Rice Univ., Space Phys. Astron. Dept., Houston, TX. 83-0390 \| \| 2 \| 12 \| 12 \| 26 \| Rice A. Convective fractionation: a mechanism to provide cryptic zoning (macrosegregation), layering, crescumulates, banded tuffs and explosive volcanism in igneous processes. J. Geophys. Res. 86:405-17, 1981. Univ. Newcastle upon Tyne, Sch. Phys., Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. \| \| 1 \| 12 \| 15 \| 28 \| Rice D D & Claypool G E. Generation, accumulation, and resource potential of biogenic gas. AAPG Bull.—Amer. Ass. Petrol. G. 65:5-25, 1981. US Geol. Survey, Denver, CO. 83-1537 \| \| 0 \| 9 \| 17 \| 26 \| Richter F M & McKenzie D P. On some consequences and possible causes of layered mantle convection. J. Geophys. Res. 86:6133-42, 1981. Univ. Chicago, Dept. Geophys. Sci., Chicago, IL; Cambridge Univ., Dept. Earth Sci., Cambridge, UK. \| \| 1 \| 11 \| 21 \| 33 \| Rothman L S. AFGL atmospheric absorption line parameters compilation: 1980 version. Appl. Opt. 20:791-5, 1981. US Air Force (USAF), Opt. Phys. Div., Hanscom AFB, MA. \| \| 3 \| 12 \| 13 \| 28 \| Ruddiman W F & McIntyre A. Oceanic mechanisms for amplification of the 23,000-year ice-volume cycle. Science 212:617-27, 1981. Columbia Univ., Lamont-Doherty Geol. Obsvry., Palisades; CUNY, Queens Coll., New York, NY. \| \| 3 \| 13 \| 15 \| 31 \| Samuelson R E, Hanel R A, Kunde V G & Maguire W C. Mean molecular weight and hydrogen abundance of Titan's atmosphere. Nature 292:688-93, 1981. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Ctr., Greenbelt, MD. \| \| 4 \| 12 \| 19 \| 35 \| Schuetze D, Lee F S-C, Prater T J & Tejada S B. The identification of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivatives in mutagenic fractions of diesel particulate extracts. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 9:93-144, 1981. Ford Motor Co., Anal. Sci. Dept., Dearborn, MI; US Environ. Protect. Agcy., Environ. Sci. Res. Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. 82-2806 \| \| 11 \| 10 \| 11 \| 32 \| Scudder J D, Sittler E C & Bridge H S. A survey of the plasma electron environment of Jupiter: a view from Voyager. J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys. 86:8157-79, 1981. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Ctr., Lab. Extraterr. Phys., Greenbelt, MD; Mass. Inst. Technol., Ctr. Space Res., Cambridge, MA. \| \| 2 \| 10 \| 13 \| 25 \| Sharp R D, Carr D L, Peterson W K & Shelley E G. Ion streams in the magnetotail. J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys. 86:4639-48, 1981. Lockheed Palo Alto Res. Lab., Palo Alto, CA. \| \| 22 \| 62 \| 52 \| 136 \| Smith B A, Soderholm L, Beebe R, Boyce I, Briggs G, Bunker A, Collins S A, Hansen C J, Johnson T V, Mitchell J L, Terrile R J, Carr M, Cook A F, Cuzzi J, Pollack J B, Danielson G E, Ingersoll A, Davies M E, Hunt G E, Masursky H, Shoemaker E, Morrison D, Owen T, Sagan C, Veverka J, Strom R & Suomi V E. Encounter with Saturn: Voyager 1 imaging science results. Science 212:163-91, 1981. Univ. Arizona, Dept. Planet. Sci. & Lunar Planet. Lab., Tucson; US Geol. Survey, Flagstaff, AZ; New Mexico State Univ., Dept. Astron., Las Cruces, NM; NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC; Calif. Inst. Technol., Jet Propulsion Lab. & Div. Geol. Planet. Sci., Pasadena; US Geol. Survey, Menlo Park; NASA/Ames Res. Ctr., Moffett Field; Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA; Ctr. Astrophys., Cambridge, MA; Univ. Coll. London, London, UK; Univ. Hawaii, Inst. Astron., Honolulu, HI; SUNY, Dept. Earth Space Sci., Stony Brook; Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY; Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI. 83-3458: 82-1234 \| \| 0 \| 15 \| 11 \| 26 \| Sorensen J, Christensen D & Jorgensen B B. Volatile fatty acids and hydrogen as substrates for sulfate-reducing bacteria in anaerobic marine sediment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 42:3-11, 1981. Univ. Aarhus, Inst. Ecol. Genet., Aarhus, Denmark. 82-0159 \| \| 1 \| 10 \| 18 \| 29 \| Stry M M, Brackmann A J, Holland H D, Clark B C, Phutha-Armond V, Eldridge C S & Ohmoto H. The mineralogy and the isotopic composition of sulfur in hydrothermal sulfide/sulfate deposits on the East Pacific Rise, 21 N latitude. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 53:382-90, 1981. Mass. Inst. Technol., Dept. Earth Planet. Sci.; Harvard Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci., Cambridge, MA; Martin Marietta Aerospace, Denver, CO; Penn. State Univ., Dept. Geosci., University Park, PA. \| \| 2 \| 12 \| 20 \| 34 \| Suresh S, Zambski G F & Ritchie R O. Oxide-induced crack closure: an explanation for near-threshold corrosion fatigue crack growth behavior. Met. Trans. A—Phys. Met. Mater. Sc. 12:1435-43, 1981. Mass. Inst. Technol., Dept. Mech. Eng., Cambridge, MA; McDonnell-Douglas Corp., Redondo Beach; Univ. California, Dept. Mater. Sci. Mineral Eng. & Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA. 83-1808 \| \| A \| B \| C \| D \| E \| \|----\|-----\|------\|-------\|-------------------------------------------------------------------\| \| 1 \| 9 \| 19 \| 29 \| Taylor S R & McLennan S M, The composition and evolution of the continental crust: rare earth element evidence from sedimentary rocks. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 301:381-99, 1981. Australian Natl. Univ., Res. Sch. Earth Sci., Canberra, Australia. \| \| 5 \| 14 \| 12 \| 31 \| Tipping E, The adsorption of aquatic humic substances by iron oxides. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45:191-9, 1981. Freshwater Biol. Assn., Ambleside, UK. \| \| 8 \| 10 \| 9 \| 27 \| Tsunoda R T, Time evolution and dynamics of equatorial backscatter plumes. 1. Growth phase. J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys. 86:139-49, 1981. SRI Int'l., Menlo Park, CA. \| \| 11 \| 32 \| 36 \| 79 \| Tyler G L, Eshleman V R, Anderson J D, Levy G S, Lindal G F, Wood G E & Croft T A, Radio science investigations of the Saturn system with Voyager 1: preliminary results. Science 212:201-6, 1981. Stanford Univ., Ctr. Radar Astron., Stanford; Calif. Inst. Technol., Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena: SRI Int'l., Radio Phys. Lab., Menlo Park, CA. 83-3458; 82-1234 \| \| 14 \| 32 \| 1 \| 47 \| Valana G S, Cassinelli J P, Fabbiiano G, Giacconi R, Golub L, Gorenstein P, Haisch B M, Harnden F R, Johnson H M, Linsky J L, Maxon C W, Mewe R, Rosner R, Seward F, Trumbo C & Zwaan C, Results from an extensive Einstein stellar survey. Astrophys. J. 245:163-82, 1981. Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys., Cambridge, MA. 81-1691; 83-0548 \| \| 3 \| 11 \| 14 \| 28 \| van Loon R F & Madden R A, The Southern Oscillation. Part I: global associations with pressure and temperature in northern winter. Mon. Weather Rev. 109:1150-62, 1981. Natl. Ctr. Atmos. Res., Boulder, CO. \| \| 5 \| 13 \| 13 \| 31 \| Vickrey J F, Vondrak R R & Matthews S I, The diurnal and latitudinal variation of auroral zone ionospheric conductivity. J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys. 86:65-75, 1981. SRI Int'l., Radio Phys. Lab., Menlo Park, CA. \| \| 5 \| 17 \| 24 \| 46 \| Wallace J M & Guttler D S, Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Weather Rev. 109:784-812, 1981. Univ. Washington, Dept. Atmos. Sci., Seattle, WA. 83-0958 \| \| 4 \| 18 \| 9 \| 31 \| Wallis D D & Budzinski E E, Empirical models of height integrated conductivities. J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys. 86:125-37, 1981. Natl. Res. Council Canada, Herzberg Inst. Astrophys., Ottawa, Canada. 82-0331 \| \| 13 \| 16 \| 18 \| 47 \| Warwick J W, Pearce J B, Evans D R, Carr T D, Schaubel J J, Alexander J K., Kaiser M L, Darch M M, Federman M, Lecechoux A, Delage G, Bolschet A & Barrow J, Planetary radio astronomy observations from Voyager 1 near Saturn. Science 212:239-43, 1981. Radiophys., Inc., Boulder, CO; Univ. Florida, Dept. Astron., Gainesville, FL; NASA/Goddard Space Flight Ctr., Lab. Extraterr. Phys., Greenbelt, MD; Sect. Astrophys. Meudon, Paris Observ., Meudon, France. 83-3458; 82-1234 \| \| 2 \| 19 \| 20 \| 41 \| Webster P J, Mechanisms determining the atmospheric response to sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci. 38:554-71, 1981. CSIRO, Div. Atmos. Phys., Victoria, Australia. 82-1054 \| \| 0 \| 10 \| 19 \| 29 \| Williamson P G, Palaeontological documentation of speciation in Cenozoic molluscs from Turkana Basin. Nature 293:437-43, 1981. Harvard Univ., Museum Compar. Zool., Cambridge, MA. 83-5706 \| \| 4 \| 20 \| 15 \| 39 \| Wilson R C, Gulik S, Janssen M, Hudson H S & Chapman G A, Observations of solar irradiance variability. Science 211:700-2, 1981. Calif. Inst. Technol., Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena; Univ. California, San Diego, Ctr. Astrophys. Space Sci., La Jolla; California State Univ., San Fernando Observ., Northridge, CA. \| \| 0 \| 15 \| 13 \| 28 \| Woodward P, Savin S M & Douglas R G, Miocene stable isotope record: a detailed deep Pacific ocean section and paleoclimatic implications. Science 212:665-8, 1981. Univ. S. California, Dept. Geol. Sci., Los Angeles, CA; Case Western Reserve Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci., Cleveland, OH. \| \| 0 \| 10 \| 17 \| 27 \| Young D T, Perraut S, Roux A, de Villedey C, Gendrin R, Korth A, Kremer G & Jones D, Wave-particle interactions near QHe⁺ observed on GEOS 1 and 2. 1. Propagation of ion cyclotron waves in He⁺-rich plasma. J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys. 86:6755-72, 1981. Univ. Bern, Phys. Inst., Bern, Switzerland; Ctr. Res. Phys. Environ., Terr. Planet & Ctr. Natl. Stud. Telecommun., Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; Max Planck Inst. Aeronom., Katlenburg-Lindau, FRG; ESTEC, Space Sci. Dept., Noordwijk, Holland. \| \| 8 \| 17 \| 1 \| 26 \| Zamorani G, Henry J P, Maccacaro T, Tananbaum H, Soltan A, Avni Y, Liebert J, Stocke J, Strittmatter P A, Weymann R J, Smith M G & Condon J J, X-ray studies of quasars with the Einstein observatory. II. Astrophys. J. 245:357-74, 1981. Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys., Cambridge, MA; Copernicus Astron. Ctr., Warsaw, Poland; Weizmann Inst. Sci., Rehovot, Israel; Univ. Arizona, Steward Observ., Tucson, AZ; Royal Observ., Edinburgh, UK; Natl. Radio Astron. Observ. & Virginia Polytech. Inst. State Univ., Dept. Phys., Blacksburg, VA. 83-0564; 82-1178 \| Table 2: 1981, 1982, and 1983 ISI® research fronts for which the papers in this study are core documents. A = research front number. B = research front name. C = number of geosciences papers in the core of each research front. D = total number of core papers in each research front. \| A \| B \| C \| D \| \|-------\|-------------------------------------------------------------------\|---\|---\| \| 81-1691 \| X-ray astrophysics \| \| 2 \| \| 82-0159 \| Kinetics of bacterial methanogenesis and sulfate reduction in estuarine and marine sediments \| \| 19 \| \| 82-0331 \| Relationships between field-aligned currents and auroral phenomena \| \| 20 \| \| 82-0401 \| Isotope geochemistry of oceanic basalts and mantle evolution; isotope geochemistry of oceanic basalts, island arc magmas and continental rocks \| \| 22 \| \| 82-0411 \| Photoemission studies of surface core-level binding energy shifts in rare-earth metal compounds \| \| 3 \| \| 82-0412 \| Photoemission studies of mixed valence and 4F-surface chemical shifts in cerium compounds \| \| 4 \| \| 82-1054 \| Tropical sea-surface temperature-field and surface wind-field variability associated with Southern Oscillation El-Nino \| \| 7 \| \| 82-1086 \| Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling and auroral plasma \| \| 15 \| \| 82-1169 \| Geochemical studies of volcanic rocks and the mantle \| \| 3 \| \| 82-1178 \| X-ray emission from quasars, Seyfert galaxies and active galactic nuclei \| \| 12 \| \| 82-1234 \| Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 observations of Saturn and Titan and analysis of rings of Saturn, magnetosphere and atmosphere \| \| 9 \| \| 82-1921 \| Seismic wave investigations of mantle and core structure \| \| 2 \| \| 82-2384 \| Impact of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere on the climate \| \| 5 \| \| 82-2806 \| Isolation, identification and mutagenic properties of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons \| \| 4 \| \| 83-0390 \| Auroral processes and the magnetosphere and ionosphere \| \| 33 \| \| 83-0408 \| Crustal and mantle velocity structures using earthquake data and inversion techniques \| \| 14 \| \| 83-0564 \| X-ray, radio and optical observations of Seyfert galaxies, stars, quasi-stellar objects and other objects \| \| 56 \| \| 83-0687 \| Cretaceous and early tertiary magnetic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy \| \| 7 \| \| 83-0867 \| Deep-sea drilling project results: hydrothermal mounds of the Galapagos Rift and other spreading centers \| \| 12 \| \| 83-0924 \| Models and observations of baroclinic instability and other middle atmosphere flows \| \| 34 \| \| 83-0958 \| Equatorial Pacific sea-surface temperatures and climate: the El-Nino Southern Oscillation \| \| 15 \| \| 83-1145 \| Paleomagnetic and tectonic studies: determining the structure and evolution of the crust and upper mantle \| \| 51 \| \| 83-1213 \| Origin and geochemistry of granites and other igneous rocks \| \| 14 \| \| 83-1353 \| Adsorption properties and other surface properties of ruthenium dioxide and related oxide catalysts in aqueous solution \| \| 36 \| \| 83-1537 \| Hydrocarbon generation and subsidence, thermal evolution and organic geochemistry of sedimentary basins \| \| 27 \| \| 83-1538 \| Observation and properties of the Io plasma torus and its interaction with the Jovian magnetosphere \| \| 2 \| \| 83-1708 \| Diffusion induced grain-boundary migration and related processes in copper alloys \| \| 5 \| \| 83-1808 \| Fatigue crack growth and fracture toughness in steels and other materials \| \| 33 \| \| 83-3458 \| Voyager observations of Saturn's ring magnetosphere and ice-rich satellites with emphasis on Titan and its atmosphere \| \| 23 \| \| 83-4040 \| Evidence for mantle and crust evolution from mineralogy and trace element chemistry of the Columbia River basalts \| \| 2 \| \| 83-4567 \| Measurements of atmospheric constituents by infrared spectroscopy \| \| 8 \| \| 83-4677 \| Structure and properties of graphite intercalation compounds including those of transition metals and other alloy metals \| \| 14 \| \| 83-5706 \| Systematics, biogeography, cladistic analysis and aspects of phylogenetic relationships in patterns of speciation and evolution \| \| 20 \| \| 83-5753 \| Relationship of atmospheric carbon dioxide and changes in climate and global sea level \| \| 11 \| \| 83-8298 \| Sources and distributions of atmospheric ozone, methane and carbon monoxide \| \| 3 \| Table 3: The number of authors on the geosciences papers. A = number of authors. B = number of papers having that number of authors. \| A \| B \| \|---\|---\| \| 27 \| 1 \| \| 16 \| 3 \| \| 15 \| 1 \| \| 13 \| 1 \| \| 12 \| 1 \| \| 10 \| 2 \| \| 8 \| 3 \| \| 7 \| 5 \| \| 6 \| 2 \| \| 5 \| 5 \| \| 4 \| 8 \| \| 3 \| 20\| \| 2 \| 30\| \| 1 \| 17\| Table 4: The 30 journals represented on the list of the 99 geosciences papers most cited 1981-1983. The numbers in parentheses are the impact factors for the journals. (1983 impact factor = total citations to all 99 papers received in 1981-1982 articles, divided by the number of articles published by the journal during the same period.) The figures at the right indicate the number of papers from each journal which appear on the list. \| Journal \| No. of Papers \| \|----------------------------------------------\|---------------\| \| J. Geophys. Res. (3.71) \| 32 \| \| Science (7.41) \| 19 \| \| J. Atmos. Sci. (3.17) \| 5 \| \| Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. (3.34) \| 4 \| \| Mon. Weather Rev. (2.62) \| 4 \| \| Nature (9.26) \| 4 \| \| Astrophys. J. (3.94) \| 3 \| \| Geophys. Res. Lett. (2.93) \| 3 \| \| Deep-Sea Res.—A—Oceanog. Res. (NA) \| 2 \| \| Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta (3.54) \| 2 \| \| Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors (1.75) \| 2 \| \| AAPG Bull.—Amer. Ass. Petrol. G. (1.36) \| 1 \| \| Acta Met. (2.07) \| 1 \| \| Advan. Phys. (12.76) \| 1 \| \| Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (2.08) \| 1 \| \| Appl. Opt. (1.81) \| 1 \| \| Atmos. Environ. (1.97) \| 1 \| \| Eos (NA) \| 1 \| \| Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. (1.76) \| 1 \| \| Geophys. (2.37) \| 1 \| \| Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. (1.36) \| 1 \| \| J. Colloid Interface Sci. (1.48) \| 1 \| \| J. Geol. Soc. (1.88) \| 1 \| \| J. Phys. F—Metal Phys. (2.24) \| 1 \| \| Met. Trans. A—Phys. Mete. Mater. Sc. (1.39) \| 1 \| \| Phil. Trans. R. Soc., London A (1.58) \| 1 \| \| Planet. Space Sci. (2.14) \| 1 \| \| Rep. Progr. Phys. (7.18) \| 1 \| \| Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. (4.46) \| 1 \| \| Space Sci. Rev. (1.74) \| 1 \| Includes J. Geophys. Res., J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys., and J. Geophys. Res.—Ocean. Atmos. small number of journals accounts for the majority of high-impact papers and citations. Ninety-one institutions were listed on the articles. In Table 5, they are shown in descending order by the number of times they appear in Table 1. Authors based at US institutions appeared on 85 papers. The UK was represented on nine papers, France on seven, and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) on six. Australia, Canada, and Switzerland account for three papers each. Denmark, Holland, Israel, Japan, and Poland contributed one paper each. Of course, many of these papers were multinational collaborations. For example, of the 85 US papers, 15 listed coauthors from Australia, Canada, France, FRG, Israel, Japan, Poland, Switzerland, and the UK. Seventy papers listed only US authors. Table 6 shows the total number of papers from each of the 12 nations represented in this study. Also shown are the number that were multinationally coauthored, and the national affiliations of the collaborators. Although these high-impact geosciences papers were from a dozen nations, every one was published in English. Seven authors in Table 1 were among the 1,000 contemporary scientists most cited from 1965 through 1978. They are: S.-I. Akasofu, E.E. Ferguson, R. Giacconi, X. Le Pichon, M.B. McElroy, N.F. Ness, and R.J. Phillips. Interestingly, Le Pichon was the only geophysicist listed in that study. The specialties of the others include aeronomy, astronomy, inorganic chemistry, and physics. More than 25 astrosciences papers are in Table 1. Most of these deal with planetary science research, the study of the components of our solar system other than the sun, including the solid, liquid, and gaseous parts of other planets. Indeed, 17 papers report results Table 5: The institutional affiliations of the authors on the list. Institutions are listed in descending order of the number of times they appear in Table 1. \| Institution \| Frequency \| \|----------------------------------------------------------------------------\|-----------\| \| Univ. California, CA \| 16 \| \| Los Angeles \| 7 \| \| San Diego \| 3 \| \| Berkeley \| 2 \| \| Santa Barbara \| 2 \| \| Irvine \| 1 \| \| Los Alamos, NM \| 1 \| \| NASA \| 13 \| \| Goddard Space Flight Ctr., Greenbelt, MD \| 11 \| \| Ames Res. Ctr., Moffett Field, CA \| 1 \| \| Headquarters, Washington, DC \| 1 \| \| California Inst. Technol., Pasadena, CA \| 10 \| \| Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA \| 10 \| \| Massachusetts Inst. Technol., Cambridge, MA \| 7 \| \| US Geol. Survey \| 7 \| \| Menlo Park, CA \| 5 \| \| Denver, CO \| 1 \| \| Flagstaff, AZ \| 1 \| \| Natl. Ctr. Atmos. Res. (NCAR), Boulder, CO \| 6 \| \| Max Planck Soc., FRG \| 5 \| \| Inst. Astron., Kaitenburg-Lindau \| 4 \| \| Inst. Phys., Heidelberg \| 1 \| \| Natl. Ocean Atmos. Admin. (NOAA), Boulder, CO \| 5 \| \| Silver Spring, MD \| 3 \| \| Washington, DC \| 1 \| \| Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA \| 5 \| \| Rice Univ., Houston, TX \| 4 \| \| Univ. Arizona, Tucson, AZ \| 4 \| \| Univ. S. California, CA \| 4 \| \| Los Angeles \| 2 \| \| Tucson, AZ \| 2 \| \| Columbia Univ., NY \| 3 \| \| Palisades \| 2 \| \| New York City \| 1 \| \| Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY \| 3 \| \| Johns Hopkins Univ., MD \| 3 \| \| La Jolla \| 2 \| \| Baltimore \| 1 \| \| SRI Intl., Menlo Park, CA \| 3 \| \| Stanford Univ., CA \| 3 \| \| Univ. Iowa, Iowa City, IA \| 3 \| \| Univ. Maryland, College Park, MD \| 3 \| \| USAF, Eglin AFB, Bedford, MA \| 3 \| \| USN Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC \| 3 \| \| Bell Labs., Murray Hill, NJ \| 2 \| \| CNRS, Serv. Aeronom., Verrières-le-Buisson, France \| 2 \| \| CSIRO Div. Atmos. Phys., Victoria, Australia \| 2 \| \| Oregon Grad. Ctr., Beaverton, OR \| 2 \| \| Paris Observ., Meudon, France \| 2 \| \| Regis Coll., Weston, MA \| 2 \| \| Swiss Fed. Inst. Technol., Zurich, Switzerland \| 2 \| \| Geophys. Inst. & Swiss Earthquake Serv. \| 1 \| \| Solid State Phys. Lab. \| 1 \| \| TRW Defense Space Syst. Group, Redondo Beach, CA \| 2 \| \| Univ. Hawaii, Honolulu, HI \| 2 \| \| Univ. Kansas, Lawrence, KA \| 2 \| \| Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI \| 2 \| \| Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., MA \| 2 \| \| Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA \| 2 \| \| Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ \| 1 \| \| Atmos. Environ. Serv., Toronto, Canada \| 1 \| \| Australian Natl. Univ., Canberra, Australia \| 1 \| \| California State Univ., Northridge, CA \| 1 \| \| Cambridge Univ., UK \| 1 \| \| Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH \| 1 \| \| Copernicus Astronom. Ctr., Warsaw, Poland \| 1 \| \| CLNY, New York, NY \| 1 \| \| Earth Planet. Environ. Phys. Res. Ctr., Issy-les-Moulineaux, France \| 1 \| \| ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherland \| 1 \| \| Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, MI \| 1 \| \| Goddard Inst. Space Stud., New York, NY \| 1 \| \| Kyoto Sangyo Univ., Kyoto, Japan \| 1 \| \| Lockheed Palo Alto Res. Lab., CA \| 1 \| \| Lunar Planet. Inst., Houston, TX \| 1 \| \| Martin Marietta Aerospace, Denver, CO \| 1 \| \| McDonnell-Douglas Corp., Redondo Beach, CA \| 1 \| \| Meteorol. Off., Bracknell, UK \| 1 \| \| Natl. Bur Stand., Washington, DC \| 1 \| \| Natl. Ctr. Atmospheric Stud., Issy-les-Moulineaux, France \| 1 \| \| Natl. Environ. Res. Council (NERC), Freshwater Biol. Asn., Ambleside, UK \| 1 \| \| Natl. Radio Astron. Observ., Green Bank, WV \| 1 \| \| Natl. Res. Counc., Canada, Ottawa, Canada \| 1 \| \| New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM \| 1 \| \| ORSTOM, Ctr. Oceanol., Brest, France \| 1 \| \| Oxford Univ., UK \| 1 \| \| Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA \| 1 \| \| Polytech. Inst., New York, NY \| 1 \| \| Radiospych, Inc., Boulder, CO \| 1 \| \| Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA \| 1 \| \| Royal Observ., Edinburgh, UK \| 1 \| \| Skidaway Inst. Oceanogr., Savannah, GA \| 1 \| \| Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC \| 1 \| \| SUNY, Albany, NY \| 1 \| \| Tech. Univ., Braunschweig, FRG \| 1 \| \| Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX \| 1 \| \| Univ. Aarhus, Denmark \| 1 \| \| Univ. Alaska, Fairbanks, AK \| 1 \| \| Univ. Bern, Switzerland \| 1 \| \| Univ. Colorado, IL \| 1 \| \| Univ. Denver, CO \| 1 \| \| Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL \| 1 \| \| Univ. London, UK \| 1 \| \| Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, MA \| 1 \| \| Univ. Madrid, SP \| 1 \| \| Univ. Wales, Aberystwyth, UK \| 1 \| \| Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI \| 1 \| \| US Environ. Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC \| 1 \| \| Virginia Polytech. Inst. State Univ., Blacksburg, VA \| 1 \| \| Weizmann Inst. Sci., Rehovot, Israel \| 1 \| \| York Univ., Toronto, Canada \| 1 \| 1Includes Ctr. Astrophys. Space Sci. & Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA 2Includes Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys. based on observations made by the US unmanned spacecraft Voyager 1, which flew past Jupiter in March 1979, and past Saturn in November 1980. Nine of these papers were published consecutively in the April 1981 issue of Science—including Table 6: National affiliations of the authors of the 1981 geosciences papers most cited in 1981-1983, in order of the total number of papers on which each nation's authors appeared (column A). B = number of papers coauthored with scientists from other countries. C = nationalities of coauthors. \| Country \| A \| B \| C \| \|-----------\|---\|---\|------------------------------------------------------------------\| \| US \| 85\| 15\| Australia, Canada, France, FRG, Israel, Japan, Poland, Switzerland, UK \| \| UK \| 9 \| 4 \| Israel, Poland, Switzerland, US \| \| France \| 7 \| 6 \| Canada, FRG, Holland, Switzerland, US \| \| FRG \| 6 \| 5 \| France, Holland, Switzerland, US \| \| Australia \| 3 \| 1 \| US \| \| Canada \| 3 \| 1 \| France, US \| \| Switzerland\| 3 \| 2 \| France; FRG, Holland, UK, US \| \| Denmark \| 1 \| 0 \| \| \| Holland \| 1 \| 1 \| France, FRG, Switzerland \| \| Israel \| 1 \| 1 \| Poland, UK, US \| \| Japan \| 1 \| 1 \| US \| \| Poland \| 1 \| 1 \| Israel, UK, US \| ing three of the five most-cited papers in this study. Roughly 25 other papers fall under the category of atmospheric science. Other specialties represented include oceanography, meteorology, geochemistry, and geophysics. Five papers were cited at least 79 times each. The three papers based on Voyager 1* data discuss various observations of Saturn and its satellite system. B.A. Smith and a team of 26 other researchers reported on the imaging science results of the Voyager 1 mission. This paper received 136 citations—22 in 1981, 62 in 1982, and 52 in 1983. R. Hanel and colleagues discussed the orbits of Saturn’s small satellites, some of which were first discovered by Voyager 1. Cited 87 times, the paper picked up 13 citations in 1981, 40 in 1982, and 34 in 1983. G.L. Tyler and colleagues presented the results of radio science investigations of the Saturn system. The paper received 79 citations—11 in 1981, 32 in 1982, and 36 in 1983. The other two papers among the top five discuss the atmosphere and internal structure of the Earth itself. J.D. Horel and J.M. Wallace, University of Washington, Seattle, analyzed “Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the Southern Oscillation.” They discussed some of the effects associated with a global pattern of yearly fluctuations in sea-level air pressure, temperature, and precipitation. The paper was cited 86 times—eight times in 1981, 32 in 1982, and 46 in 1983. A.M. Dziewonski, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and D.L. Anderson, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, coauthored the paper entitled “Preliminary reference Earth model.” It sets up a computer model of the Earth’s internal structure which has numerous applications, including research on tides and the Earth’s rotation. The paper was cited 79 times, twice in 1981, 30 times in 1982, and 47 in 1983. It is interesting to note that at least two of the 99 geosciences papers are in fact directly related to the life sciences. One, by C.M. Cavanaugh, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, and colleagues, suggests the existence of, and the symbiotic relationship between, tube worms and a type of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Both species thrive at the bottom of the ocean among the lava vents lining tectonic ridges. The other, by J. Sørensen, D. Christensen, and B.B. Jørgensen, all of the Institute of Ecology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Denmark, describes some of the environmental requirements of coastal marine bacteria that metabolize sulfates. Both papers were cited 26 times each—the former receiving seven citations in 1981, ten in 1982, and nine in 1983, while the latter, published in July 1981, was not cited at all that year, but received 15 cites in 1982 and 11 in 1983. Their relatively quick impact indicates their importance for oceanographers and others who study the ever-changing dynamics of the sea. This concludes our discussion of the 1981 earth sciences papers. Since a paper's lifetime citation expectancy can be forecasted reasonably well by its citation frequency within the first few years following its publication, it is safe to assume that most of the papers in this study will continue to be well cited in the future. Helmut A. Abt, Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Arizona, analyzed the citation histories of more than 300 astronomical papers.\textsuperscript{6} He found that the highly cited papers did not peak in citations until seven years after publication. In contrast, less frequently cited papers reached their peak after four years. In addition, the high-impact papers had a longer citation history, reaching their "half-life" after 27 years. The half-life for the less frequently cited papers was just 16 years. The composition of this list is, of course, determined by the data base used to identify the most-cited geosciences papers. Even within the relatively "narrow" scope of the earth sciences, there are small fields that produce important work. By examining the individual geoscience research fronts we identify each year, we can pinpoint creative work on specific topics. It will be interesting to see how each of these research fronts develops over the next several years. * * * * * My thanks to Stephen A. Bonaduce and Abigail W. Grissom for their help in the preparation of this essay. REFERENCES 1. Garfield E. Journal citation studies. 41. Entomology journals—what they cite and what cites them. \textit{Current Contents} (11):3-11, 12 March 1984. 2. -------------. The multidisciplinary impact of earth and computer science is reflected in the 100 most-cited articles in \textit{CompuMath Citation Index}, 1976-1980. \textit{Current Contents} (31):3-10, 30 July 1984. 3. -------------. Introducing \textit{ISI/GeoSciTech} and the \textit{GeoSciTech Citation Index}—the 50 most-active research fronts in 1981 in the earth sciences illustrate the unique retrieval capabilities of our new online and print services. \textit{Essays of an information scientist}. Philadelphia: ISI Press, 1983. Vol. 5. p. 607-14. 4. -------------. ABCs of cluster mapping. Parts 1 & 2. Most active fields in the life and physical sciences in 1978. \textit{Essays of an information scientist}. Philadelphia: ISI Press, 1981. Vol. 4. p. 634-49. 5. -------------. The 1,000 contemporary scientists most-cited 1965-1978. Part I. The basic list and introduction. \textit{Essays of an information scientist}. Philadelphia: ISI Press, 1983. Vol. 5. p. 269-78. 6. Abt H A. Long-term citation histories of astronomical papers. \textit{Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac.} 93:207-10, 1981.	<urn:uuid:60e4d91d-6a6b-4401-bbd1-01b1bda1b692>	CC-MAIN-2025-08	https://garfield.library.upenn.edu/essays/v7p251y1984.pdf	2025-02-12T15:11:35+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2025-08/subset=warc/part-00087-b184e832-acd1-425a-bab7-895830f2748a.c000.gz.parquet	243,165,022	17,307	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.801228	eng_Latn	0.981204	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 2757, 6332, 11384, 16431, 21611, 26049, 30801, 36085, 40548, 45227, 56038, 60046, 63198 ]
OKLAHOMA BOARD OF PRIVATE VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS DIRECTOR/AUTHORIZED ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICIAL QUALIFICATION RECORD (To Be Filed Within Thirty Days of Employment. If the Individual is being appointed as both, only one form is required.) Accompany the Form 1150CM with a completed, signed, and Notarized Form 1155CM. School/Seminar Name: Employee Name: Employment Date: Check the appropriate block(s), below, to indicate the position(s) held (or to be held) by this person and the person's specific qualifications. The requirements for qualification are addressed at OAC 565:10-11-1. DIRECTOR - The Director or Manager of the school must be familiar with educational administration and methods as well as sound business practices, including: (2) The selection of an instructional staff competent in subject matter and teaching techniques to implement the curriculum. (1) The development of a curriculum capable of preparing students for specific job entry levels. AUTHORIZED ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICIAL ("AAO") – One person must be designated as the AAO of the School. The duly designated official shall have sole authority to represent the School and act in all matters involving the School's responsibilities under the law. The AAO must be a person of good moral character and meet one or more of the following requirements. Have suitable experience as a School Administrator or as a Teacher in one or more of the major subjects offered by the school. Be a graduate of an approved college or university with a major in the general field related to the direct objectives of the school's efforts. Possess other qualifications that are considered by the OBPVS Board as being substantially equivalent. (Must be approved by the Board, and my require attendance at a Board meeting.) Education, training and licenses related to present position. Attach a copy of any license, certificate, and/or transcript of each degree listed. Transcripts may be copies, unless a sealed original is specifically requested by the OBPVS after its review of the copy initially submitted. Highlight relevant courses on the transcript copy. School Name and Address Course Total Clock/ Semester Hrs. License, Certificate or Degree Awarded I hereby appoint the above person to the position indicated on this form. The above information has been verified and is true and correct. SIGN _______________________________________ Signature of School Owner or Corporate Officer Print or Type Name of School Owner or Corporate Officer Date Print or Type Title	<urn:uuid:3ea8bea6-19a9-4659-aa88-81810a1ed836>	CC-MAIN-2018-09	http://obpvs.ok.gov/Websites/obpvs/images/DOCUMENTS/OBPVS-Form-1150CM.pdf	2018-02-20T17:11:24Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813059.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220165417-20180220185417-00175.warc.gz	243,438,967	506	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.993472	eng_Latn	0.993472	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 2543 ]
Table Of Contents Table Of Contents ............................................................................................................................... 1 2-Speaker & 3-Speaker Boombox - Volume knob will rotate on its own when released. Reference Number: AA-00230Views: 9420Last Updated: 2016-02-14 13:22 Situation you may encounter: After turning on the boombox and setting the volume, the volume knob will rotate on its own when released. Recommended Action: The boombox will need to be replaced. Root Cause: Inside the volume knob, there's a small PCB with an LED. The wire attached to this PCB is wrapped around the dial internally and will push against the knob, moving it, if not installed correctly. Guide to Fixing an Auto Rotating Knob - This process is prone to damage and should only be atempted by those confident in their mechanical skills.	<urn:uuid:4d35bb6f-3700-49c3-bb9d-320affea3e04>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	http://tdkperformance.host4kb.com/ExportToPDF/AA-00230	2023-10-01T02:51:26+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-40/subset=warc/part-00004-7aa0a1e5-33a6-434b-89a2-950f294b40c1.c000.gz.parquet	40,740,240	179	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.999053	eng_Latn	0.995989	[ "unknown", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 167, 876 ]
MEET COHORT 7 BLACK CORPORATE BOARD READINESS FEBRUARY - APRIL 2023 BLACK CORPORATE BOARD READINESS BCBR accelerates authentic diversity in corporate governance by accompanying talented, qualified Black leaders through a structured executive education program, connecting them to networks, and building a community devoted to better business performance and racial justice. # TABLE OF CONTENTS \| Section \| Page \| \|----------------------------------------------\|------\| \| Letter from BCBR Co-Founders \| 4 \| \| BCBR Program Advisory Board \| 5 \| \| Sponsors / Partners \| 6 \| \| BCBR COHORT 7 \| \| \| David Albritton \| 7 \| \| Brandy Alfred \| 8 \| \| Leah Ashley \| 9 \| \| Na’il Benjamin \| 10 \| \| Cornelius Best \| 11 \| \| André V. Chapman \| 12 \| \| Keith Clinkscales \| 13 \| \| Melanie Cook \| 14 \| \| Nathan Cox \| 15 \| \| Michael Crome \| 16 \| \| D’Andre Davis \| 17 \| \| Derric A. Gregory \| 18 \| \| John Hale, III \| 19 \| \| Darryl hawkins \| 20 \| \| Tia Hopkins \| 21 \| \| Ted Jackson \| 22 \| \| Jyrl James \| 23 \| \| Lance D. Mangum \| 24 \| \| Joy Mbanugo \| 25 \| \| Milton Morris \| 26 \| \| Adrienne Mosley \| 27 \| \| Damon Munchus \| 28 \| \| Zeek Ojeh \| 29 \| \| Azella Perryman \| 30 \| \| Audra Ryan-Jones \| 31 \| \| Nicole L. Streeter \| 32 \| \| Kim A. Thompson \| 33 \| \| Vanessa Vining \| 34 \| \| Catina Wilson \| 35 \| Now in its third year, the Black Corporate Board Readiness (BCBR) program has quickly evolved to become a community of incredible executives and partners. BCBR is having measurable impact accelerating corporate board diversity as a powerful lever for systems-level change. The evidence that authentic board diversity leads to better performance and greater resilience for boards, organizations, organisms, and ecosystems is beyond reasonable question. 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Dennis Lanham, MS, MBA Thane Kreiner, PhD BCBR PROGRAM ADVISORY BOARD Caretha Coleman Dir., Adviser, Exec. Coach, Community Advocate caretha-coleman-4b48151 Mark Goodman Chairman, MG Capital Holdings mark-d-goodman-24a80712 Almaz Negash Founder, Exec. Director African Diaspora Network almaznegash Desirée Stolar Sen.Dir., Management Leadership of Tomorrow desireedavisstolar Robin Washington Board Dir., Adviser, CFO robin-washington-262768 Barry Lawson Williams Retired Mg General Partner Williams Pacific Ventures barry-lawson-williams Sponsors Thank You Partners David Albritton is a results-driven C-Suite executive with more than 25 years of global business and PR/communications experience within organizations such as General Motors, AWS, ITT, Raytheon, HP, Sears and United Way. He is an Independent Director on the board of Embecta Corp. (NASDAQ: EMBC), a $1.2 billion diabetes care business, where he serves on the Nomination and Governance and Technology, Quality and Regulatory committees. David previously served as the president of General Motors Defense, where he built and led his board of managers, as well as a team of 250+ employees, while driving strong business development results by winning nearly $500 million in new government and classified customer contracts in less than two years. As a senior PR/Communications executive and International Coaching Federation (ICF)-accredited executive coach, David has been a trusted advisor to dozens of corporate and nonprofit CEOs, board members and C-Suite executives. During his career, he has led the market positioning and communications strategies for more than 15 corporate mergers, acquisitions, divestitures and restructurings. He has built a stellar reputation as the go-to specialist for go-to-market strategies, risk oversight, internal/external stakeholder engagement, reputation, change and crisis management, and team development. As a distinct benefit of his educational and career experiences, he has become an adept technologist that is very familiar with next-generation capabilities such as electric vehicles, autonomous vehicles, cybersecurity, and connected ecosystems. His vast career experiences have enabled him to launch the business advisory firm, Nineteen88 Strategies, which specializes in executive coaching, leadership development and management consulting services for corporate, government, military, nonprofit and educational organizations. David holds a Bachelor of Science in General Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy and an M.S. in Management from the Naval Postgraduate School. He has completed executive education courses at the Wharton School of Business and participated in senior leader development programs at Harvard University and Stanford University. He completed his certified executive coaching training at Georgetown University. He is a member of the National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD) and is a graduate of Santa Clara University’s Black Corporate Board Readiness Program (BCBR). David also has a rich history in organizational governance by serving on nonprofit boards at institutions such as the Points of Light, Naval Academy Foundation Athletics and Scholarships Programs (A&SP), Arthur W. Page Society, Institute for Public Relations and the Plank Center for Leadership in Public Relations. David has received numerous awards during his career including the Plank Center “Jack Koten Corporate Mentor of the Year,” as well as being recognized by SAVOY Magazine as one of the Top 100 Most Influential Blacks in Corporate America. David is a Service-Disabled Veteran that served 10 years as an officer in the U.S. Navy. He is married with three children, three grandchildren and two dogs. He is an avid bass fisherman, self-proclaimed sports nut (football and soccer) and has thoroughly enjoyed traveling with his family in their RV through 40 of the lower 48 states. During his lifetime, he has visited 55 countries, which included 2.5 years living abroad in London, England. Brandy Alfred, PhD (candidate) is a Health Technology Executive highly skilled in governance, joint venture/partnership development and business transformation as an early adopter of ESG principles. Brandy brings 20+ years of experience growing revenue and profitability through operational transformation. She leverages her deep understanding of building sales, channel/alliance, GTM and industry strategies to outsize growth across global markets. Within the Healthcare Industry, Brandy is a growth operator, technology innovator and impact strategist with proficiency in creating and sustaining stakeholder value. Brandy's differentiated value is her ability to operationalize corporate responsibility around growth at varying stages of an organization’s maturity. Brandy has translated her skill into advisory and has demonstrated global-scale of her advisory work evident by the inaugural 2023 World Economic Forum’s Zero Health Gaps Pledge. Brandy currently advises on Data Governance, Workforce Governance, Employee Health, People Risk, Operations and hyper-scaled Revenue Generation. Brandy is actively serving on the Steering Committee for the World Economic Forum’s Global Health Equity Network. Brandy leverages her public policy expertise to govern the Network’s $100 million commitment to close health equity gaps. As a result of her efforts, Salesforce CEO, Marc Benioff, and 38 other CEOs of the world's largest brands adopted equity as an operating priority and signed the inaugural Zero Health Gaps Pledge during the January 2023 Annual Meeting in Davos. She continues to lead an effort to recruit more CEOs to sign the pledge which can increase brand favorability and open financial inclusion for ESG-driven corporate initiatives (Scope 1, 2 & 3). As Global Vice President of Innovations and Partnerships at Salesforce, Brandy oversaw the strategy of a $24.5M partner portfolio and used Salesforce’s Health and Life Science $1B+ balance sheet to manage profitable partnerships that delivered new capabilities to the $8B+ Population Health Software Market. Brandy led commercialization of new capabilities in the high-growth market (21% CAGR) after her outsized 223% YoY growth performance with her initial AMER Sales Team. Her academic contributions linking sustainability goals to health equity goals opened new TAMs for the Chief Revenue Officer that resulted in 4 new paths to market. In her current capacity as Managing Partner for NP Consulting, a boutique tech implementation firm, Brandy is leading the recruiting, hiring and engagement of the executive leadership team for the new ESG Practice. Brandy serves as a Health Policy Advisor for the Public Administrators Council for the Nelson Mandela School of Public Policy. Brandy’s a fellow of UC Berkeley’s Black Venture Institute and serves as a Limited Partner on two VC funds: Portfolio’s Rising America Fund and Capitalize VC’s Initial FinTech Fund (alongside Bank of America). She serves on the Governance Committee for Jack & Jill of America (Dallas). Leah Ashley is a change agent with two decades of experience driving global transformation across Fortune 500 and private equity backed companies. Her specialty is building and scaling direct to consumer businesses from the ground up that enhance the customer experience and provide strategic company value. Global Transformation: As Global Vice President of Growth Marketing for Disney Streaming, the $8B+ business that has amassed 160 million subscribers for Disney+ in three years, Ms. Ashley oversees and localizes worldwide growth operations. She sets the vision and provides strategic leadership for subscriber marketing, with a systematic approach to analytics, machine learning, data privacy and brand and reputation management. Consumer Engagement and Machine Learning: Previously as Vice President of Digital Marketing for DISH Network, she in-housed and modernized the customer data strategy for DISH Satellite, Sling TV, OnTech Smart Services and Boost Mobile, including integrating call-center data into an AI-driven tech stack. She has also served as a trusted C-suite thought partner leading digital transformation at Conde Nast and as an early leader at Birchbox, the pioneering subscription retailer. Private Equity Transactions: Ms. Ashley’s prior positions as a consultant in Bain’s Private Equity Due Diligence Group and as an investment professional at Castanea Partners honed her ability to analyze and pursue strategic and financial opportunities. She has been a trusted advisor to founder-CEOs on profitable growth strategies and completed transactions including Urban Decay Cosmetics (sold to L’Oreal) and Integrity Interactive/Software Impressions (sold to SAI Global). Awards and Professional Affiliations: A recipient of The Drum Award for Digital Advertising and numerous International Performance Marketing Awards, Ms. Ashley is recognized for cutting-edge digital leadership. She serves on Disney’s DE&I Executive Council and Brand Advisory Councils for Yahoo and Smartly.io. Education and Board Service: Ms. Ashley has an MBA from Harvard Business School, a Bachelor of Arts with honors from Harvard College, and two recognitions as a Goldman Sachs Scholar. She volunteers with Harvard University Admissions and the Rocky Mountain Harvard University Club. Additionally, Ms. Ashley is a servant leader in community programs and has served on non-profit boards supporting education initiatives for urban youth. Expertise - Global transformation and next-generation revenue streams - Digital Customer Engagement - Machine Learning Sector Focus - Media, Sports and Entertainment - Direct to Consumer - Private Equity Na’il Benjamin is an investor, entrepreneur, business executive and attorney with more than 20 years of experience leading, growing, and advising businesses. Na’il has been a trusted thought-partner to founders of start-ups and early-stage companies where he has provided legal advice regarding the protection of intellectual property, hiring needs, compensation, corporate governance, the structuring of boards of directors, licensing agreements, and other revenue-based agreements. Leadership, strategy, problem-solving, allocation of resources, accountability, and people management have been cornerstones of Na’il’s roles as an advisor and as an operator of a mid-market company. Na’il is currently the Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel for Virtual Hearing Services, Inc., and acting CEO of the U.S. business. In this capacity, Na’il has led the strategic change process as the company pivots from more than $100M in revenue from COVID testing, to its core mobile audiology business. To date, Na’il has led the executive team as the company has grown from only thousands of dollars per month in audiology revenue, to more than $100k in monthly audiology revenue. At the same time, Na’il advises the CEO regarding the company’s growth and operations in South Africa, and the development of partnerships with government-backed entities in Dubai and India. Through the years, Na’il has assisted film and media companies with growing their IP portfolios, while also growing from inception to multi-million dollar businesses. Na’il has been instrumental in curating, guiding, advising, and executing strategic international growth through partnerships and licensing agreements, as well as sales and services agreements. Na’il has consulted across numerous sectors; including food and beverage; technology; media; film; and MedTech companies. In each role Na’il has held, he has brought vision and guidance based on his experience as a trial lawyer handling securities, business, and employment litigation; corporate attorney; investor; and entrepreneur. As a former Silicon Valley litigation attorney at Orrick, Herrington, and Sutcliffe, Na’il has continued to carry forward the experiences developed by working on matters involving intellectual property disputes, SEC and securities litigation, antitrust litigation, trade secrets, and other complex commercial litigation matters for public companies like Applied Materials, Motorola, Facebook, Google, and Nvidia, as well as privately held mid-market companies. Na’il has been a Board Member for the California Association of Black Lawyers for the past five years where he has served on committees addressing pending legislation, Governor-appointed judges, judicial candidates for state and federal courts of appeal, and myriad issues impacting attorneys and the public. Na’il is currently on the Advisory Board for Stonebrae Country Club where he works closely with the General Manager and ownership regarding personnel and staffing needs; club operations; membership growth; and management of the clubhouse and golf course. Na’il is also a founding member of the Los Angeles Chapter of the Berkeley Real Estate Alumni Association focused on events and programming for UC Berkeley alumni in the real estate industry. Na’il currently owns and invests in large-scale multifamily and mixed-use real estate, and is an early-stage investor in fintech, SaaS, medical device, and med-tech companies. Cornelius L. Best is a trusted partner of and advisor to senior leadership with over 20 years of experience in orchestrating research and development efforts for small to large ($21M-15B in revenue) global biopharmaceutical firms focused on driving operational efficiency. Corey successfully manages conflict, facilitates results and leads teams within a highly matrixed environment utilizing his expertise in Strategic Operations, Risk Management, Compliance, Program and Life Cycle Management, and Organization Development. Currently, Corey leads North American Study Operations at Sobi, a global biopharmaceutical company with revenues of $1.8B dedicated to providing access to innovative treatments in the areas of hematology and immunology that transform life for people with rare diseases. A member of the North American Medical Leadership Team he leads operational execution of real-world evidence studies achieving medical excellence allowing for accelerated top and bottom-line growth of products. Corey served as a member of the DEI Advisory Council, demonstrating a commitment and passion to create a more inclusive environment that attracts top diverse talent, creates a sense of belonging and helps better serve patient communities by promoting health equity. Previously, Corey founded YCORE of North Carolina, Inc., a biopharmaceutical consulting firm that focuses on providing comprehensive, integrated drug development services. While at Otsuka Pharmaceuticals he led and managed logistics of more than 100 colleagues of various professional disciplines, cultural differences, multiple organizations and time zones to successfully complete a $60M global clinical development program for an anti-tuberculosis compound which is one of the first major multi-national clinical programs to evaluate treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Prior to this, Corey spearheaded the strategy, execution, and compliance for a $100 million program for one of Athenex’s primary assets, the first FDA approved proprietary product for the company. Corey earned a BS in Pharmaceutical Sciences and MS in Clinical Research at Campbell University. He holds an MBA (Global Executive) from the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University. In addition, he is a fellow of the Emerging Leaders in Public Health at UNC-Chapel Hill. Corey is a credentialed member of the Project Management Institute. He is a fellow of Black Venture Institute. He resides in Chapel Hill, North Carolina with his wife and two children. André V. Chapman is a purpose-driven executive, founder, and CEO with more than 30 years’ experience in private, public, and non-profit sectors, driving organizational strategy, transformation, impact, and diversified growth. He is a national ESG expert on creating sustainability as well as policies and practices that improve community wellbeing. Building his early career in high-tech, developing and leading high-performance teams with P&L responsibility, led to his business acumen and entrepreneur spirit. André founded and led The Unity Care Group Inc. through decades of strategic growth providing education, employment, housing, and mental health services to 7500+ clients annually with a budget of 20M. André established Board governance, risk management, stakeholder value, fiscal accountability, and brand impact. He is an innovator and problem solver having developed a continuum of supportive housing, spearheaded market and revenue diversification completing two acquisitions, and service expansion across California. He has grown Unity Care into a data-driven learning organization with 95% of its clients successfully transitioning to affordable housing. To focus on its core mission of Housing André spun off 75% of the agency to a strategic partner. This effort was highlighted in a case study titled “Leaning into Learning in Times of Crises” by a New York-based Edna McConnell Clark Foundation. In partnership with Stanford Alumni Consulting Team, André spearheaded the development of a 5-year strategic plan and completed his succession of hiring a new CEO to lead the agency into the future. André is a visionary leader with a keen eye for great opportunities disguised as unforeseen risk. André founded the Silicon Valley Black Leadership Kitchen Cabinet, a network of community, corporate, and government entities to address the economic and social inequalities impacting the African American Community. André recognized the radical impact of Covid-19 and launched Covid19Black, a California statewide health initiative aimed at reducing the spread of coronavirus. André created a network of 1,000+ strategic partners, from the NFL to California’s Surgeon General to decrease the transmission and strengthen the community’s overall health and well-being. The platform was then leveraged nationally. André is recognized for his stakeholder advocacy and serves on two California statewide policy boards. He is a Senior Fellow of the American Leadership Forum and a member of Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity. André holds a Bachelor of Science in Marketing from San Jose State University’s Lucas School of Business, and a Masters in Organizational Management from the University of Phoenix. André holds a Certificate of Completion, Harvard Business School, Strategic Perspectives on Non-Profit Management, and Santa Clara University’s Leavey School of Business, Black Corporate Board Readiness Program. André has received numerous awards for his decades of leadership and community involvement, including being selected as one of the Most Influential Black Leaders of Silicon Valley by San Jose Spotlight Media. André is a published author releasing his book “Roses in Concrete: Giving Foster Children the Future They Deserve”. André is a husband and proud father of 6 young adults, speaks sign language, and in his spare time loves to play golf, travel, and ski. Areas of Expertise Corporate Strategy, Succession Planning, Crisis Risk Management, Stakeholder Value, ESG Producer, entrepreneur, and media executive Keith Clinkscales — whose award winning career has impacted media and urban culture across platforms—is highly regarded as an innovator, strategist, and cultural thought leader. Through his company KTC Ventures, Clinkscales partnered with AT&T on several endeavors, including the creation and development of a content series that focuses on influential minority segments entitled “The Humanity of Connection.” Currently I am an operating partner with Fort Greene Partners (FGP), is a minority-certified business Investment platform that has been retained by both major corporations and growing minority and women-owned business enterprises including Goldman Sachs and TIAA. Continuing his work in technology and media, Clinkscales was recently appointed as the Chairman of Polaris. A streaming media platform available only on Vizio televisions through their Watchfree+ Network. Polaris aims to revolutionize content consumption across TV, digital and social platforms with premium, cross-generational content and programming that entertains, educates, inspires, and uplifts. In 2012, Clinkscales established the sports digital platform, The Shadow League, which is especially relevant with the current racial climate in America. Created while he was at ESPN, TSL has become the media destination for discussions at the intersections of sports, race, and culture. TSL was successfully sold to the DDM Media Group where Clinkscales has a board seat. Keith held several senior positions at ESPN, where he notably constructed a Content Development unit recognized for building a forum for innovation and experimentation at the sports network. During this tenure, Clinkscales earned over 60 credits as an Executive Producer of films and documentaries as one of the creators of ESPN’s critically acclaimed “30 for 30” series—a defining moment on the power of culture and storytelling in sports. During this time, he also earned an Emmy nomination and two Peabody awards. In 2013, Sean “P. Diddy” Combs appointed Clinkscales as Chief Executive Officer of REVOLT Media & TV. With Clinkscales at the helm, REVOLT ushered in the third-largest independent network launch in cable television history. Over his impactful three years with the network, Clinkscales conceptualized and executed tentpole events such as the REVOLT Music Conference, where the music industry's most influential figures networked, learned, and discovered emerging talent. Earlier in his career, Clinkscales worked alongside the legendary Quincy Jones to launch VIBE magazine, a premier publication for hip-hop/R&B music, fashion, and entertainment news. Clinkscales served as CEO of the publication and established its successful digital presence, VIBE.com. Clinkscales is a proud member of the Producers Guild of America. He earned an MBA from Harvard Business School, where he received the “Professional Achievement Award” from the business school’s African American Alumni Association. Clinkscales is also a Magna Cum Laude graduate of Florida A&M University, where he earned a BS in Accounting and Finance and currently serves on the school’s Foundation Board. Board Appointments - Florida A&M University Foundation - Board Chairman Polaris Universe - Board Member, DDM Medial Group - Board Member CourMed Past Board Directors - Pepsi African-American Advisory Board Apollo Theatre Foundation Expertise - Technology, Media, Communications, Marketing, Strategy, Media Operations, M&A, Digital Transformation, Social Impact expert Melanie Cook is a seasoned BD executive, corporate attorney, and management consultant with over 20 years of experience in the government and corporate sectors. Her entrepreneurial lens has enabled her to assist companies in starting and scaling. She is the CEO of Veritas Management Group, a management consulting firm focused on helping customers solve foundational problems, including access to capital, expanding into new markets, creating and maintaining key customer relationships, and improving efficiencies through technology. Melanie began her career as an attorney with the Securities Exchange Commission, focusing on investment advisory and investment integrity. She left the SEC to serve as a Sr. Policy Advisor at the Department of Commerce. She advised the Secretary of Commerce and the Under Secretary for Technology on policies to strengthen small business participation in government contracting and access to capital and opportunities. Her work at the Commerce Department led to a consultancy with a Wall Street investment bank, where she assisted the firm in raising funds to create a fund focused on funding minority-owned IT firms. These efforts qualified Melanie to become a Sr. Consultant to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention focused on procurement policy efficiencies. In her current role, she is VMG’s visionary and is responsible for providing strategic and operational leadership to VMG while driving company growth. Her Board service includes serving on the Board of Directors for the National Black MBA Association, Atlanta Chapter, and formerly serving as the Chairperson of the Fulton County Landbank Authority. Melanie co-authored Business Success Secrets, an honest, raw, and real look at some of the best-kept entrepreneurial secrets. Business Success Secrets is a best seller on the Wall Street Journal and USA Today’s Best Seller lists. Melanie holds a J.D. from Harvard Law School and a B.A. from Spelman College. Nathan Cox is a successful business leader with over 30 years of experience in the financial services industry. Nathan has held Executive/Senior Leader positions for Publicly Traded companies (Fortune 500 Banks), Privately Held (Foreign-Owned Banks) and Federally Chartered Institutions (Regional Credit Unions). As an Executive with sophisticated financial expertise, Nathan has provided enterprise governance and policy guidance in the areas of audit, compliance, credit and risk management. Nathan led a $3B loan portfolio at Travis Credit Union that included Consumer, Commercial and Real Estate loans and had had double-digit growth. His efforts in Operating Policy, Risk Management and Strategic Planning resulted in a positive reputation with Auditors, Examiners and Regulators. He also has a breadth of experience in risk management across several key business lines and credit products. Nathan was the Executive Sponsor for the Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) at Travis Credit Union, where he successfully designed, implemented and executed the DEI Strategy, where a key success was a 12% YOY increase in minority suppliers in the first year of the strategy. While at U.S. Bank, Nathan led a Regional Office and Cross Functional Business Teams that successfully collaborated towards achieving budget goals and project management objectives. Nathan has an MBA (Corporate Finance) from Golden Gate University and a BBA (Emphasis in Marketing) from Loyola Marymount University. While at Loyola Marymount University, Nathan was a Member of the Men’s Basketball Team (Walk-On Student Athlete). Nathan was also an Adjunct Lecturer at Golden Gate University as well, teaching courses in both the Graduate and Undergraduate programs. Nathan has also completed Executive Education for Corporate Board Readiness from Santa Clara University. Nathan served on the Board of Directors for Goodwill Industries (Sacramento and Northern Nevada), serving as Board Chair, Board Vice Chair and Audit Committee Chair. Currently, Nathan serves on the Board of Directors for California Medical Scholars Program, a California-based Non Profit whose focus is to increase the number of minority doctors who originate their education in the community college system. Nathan is an avid cook who enjoys pairing great food and wine. He is also an avid golfer who enjoys travel. Summary of Board Qualifications/Skills - Over 30 years of sophisticated financial expertise. - Last 15 years as Executive/Senior Leader. - Board Relevant Skills: Audit, Finance, DEI and Strategic Planning. - Depth of experience Small Business and Middle Market B2B Product Sales. Michael Crome is an experienced board member/leader and a C-Suite Executive. As a SEC qualified financial expert with deep corporate finance, information technology and operations expertise, Crome has worked in numerous stages of corporate lifecycles including start-ups, private equity, and large, private, and publicly traded enterprises. A former Board Chairman, board roles have included charge of audit and nominating/governance committees. Professionally, Michael has founded several startups and notably participated as a Founding Partner in a private equity firm. Currently serving as the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for the Las Vegas Raiders and Allegiant Stadium, a multi-billion-dollar enterprise, Crome leads the strategy and operations in finance, information technology, retail, and facilities. He has guided organizations through complex restructurings, acquisitions, corporate development activities and capital transactions totaling over $35 billion. He is a member of the senior leadership team and led the successful integration into the Las Vegas market, with double digit margin improvement and resulting in recognition as the #1 revenue grossing stadium in the world in 2022. Additionally, he leads the retail operations of the 2nd best-selling NFL team in merchandising. Under Crome’s leadership, the company’s revenue soared from the bottom to top quartile amongst NFL franchises. Finally, dedicated to the employees who make the Las Vegas Raiders the premier franchise that it is, he also is the Executive Sponsor of the Raiders African American Employee Resource Group, B.A.S.E.D. Crome received his B.S. in Accounting from The University of Akron and his M.B.A. from The University of Virginia Darden School of Business. Crome is an active volunteer in both non-profit and civic organizations serving as: a governor appointed member of both the State of Nevada Economic Forum and the Oversight Panel for Convention Facilities; a member of the Board of Directors for the Las Vegas Chamber of Commerce and Communities in Schools of Nevada; and a member of the University of Akron Foundation Board. Formerly, Crome served as Chairman of the Board for Junior Achievement of Southern Nevada and is currently serving as the Chairman of the organization’s $30M capital campaign. Crome was recently recognized as a C-Suite honoree by Vegas Inc which acknowledges top senior executives who work to inspire their teams, drive success in business and serve as stewards in the community. Crome is an avid distance runner. In 2019, Michael completed the World Marathon Challenge, an adventure that saw Michael run seven marathons on all seven continents over seven consecutive days. Michael and his wife, Chaka Crome, Esq. reside in Las Vegas, Nevada with their daughter Brie, 15. Board Assets - Board Chairman - Strategy/Strategic Planning - Regulatory and Compliance - Corporate Finance - Executive Succession Planning - Mergers and Acquisitions Board Experience - Chairman, Junior Achievement of Las Vegas Forum - Board Member, State of Nevada Economic Forum - Board Member, Vegas Chamber of Commerce - Board Member, University of Akron Foundation - Board Member, Communities in Schools of Nevada - Board of Advisors, Goodwrx Education and Training - MBA, University of Virginia, Darden School of Business - BS Accounting, The University of Akron - MBA Exchange Student, Indian School of Business Professional Experience - Las Vegas Raiders/Allegiant Stadium - Caesars Entertainment - Pinnacle Entertainment D’Andre Davis is a senior finance and operations executive who brings a diverse perspective to the boardroom combining over 25 years of deep financial expertise, corporate strategy, restructuring and turnarounds, corporate development, and governance to offer thoughtful questions, insights and knowledge networks that help drive robust decision making. Having served in executive and advisory roles in public, private and family-owned businesses, he calls upon a wide variety of experiences from the board room to the boiler room, which facilitate his effective collaboration and engagement with fellow board members and management teams. He has built a career running toward challenge instead of away from it. D’Andre currently leads M&A efforts for his client and Sun Capital Portfolio company, Architectural Surfaces, a $350 million importer and distributor of globally sourced natural stone, engineered quartz and tile. He has sourced, negotiated, structured, and closed 6 immediately accretive acquisitions for 7 companies in the company’s first 14 months of ownership by Sun Capital. Notably, D’Andre sourced one of those companies for its proprietary and patented intellectual property, which enables the buyer to accelerate a digital transformation strategy that defensibly differentiates it from competitors. While with a predecessor entity, Select Interior Concepts (Nasdaq: SIC), D’Andre served as head of Corporate Strategy and M&A; Head of Supply Chain and Operations; and Head of Global Procurement during the Covid-19 pandemic, where he sourced, negotiated, structured and closed 4 more acquisitions in addition to overseeing a third-party consulting firm who identified $6mm annualized cost reduction program that were implemented from a $350 million procurement spend. As additional operational highlights, he reduced inventory by $9mm (9%) by managing global purchasing and implementing a new demand management software logic that better matched supply with demand. Illustrating his negotiation skills, Mr. Davis saved $10mm (20%) in purchase price for an add-on acquisition by anchoring the seller on after-tax proceeds as the buyer uncovered in due diligence an issue necessitating a conversion from an asset to stock purchase. D’Andre has served as interim CFO of a $110 million financially distressed auto parts distributor in default with its senior secured lender where he led the successful refinancing with a new lender whose credit facility provided additional liquidity for the company to effectuate a turnaround from negative to positive EBITDA. As interim operations lead, he transformed a historic cemetery under siege from the plaintiffs and local Chicago media while in Chapter 11 Bankruptcy during a mayoral election campaign year into a renovated and well-running cemetery that resulted in the successful sale to a strategic buyer. He has also provided fairness opinion advisory to the Board of $600 million family-owned convenience store chain. While at Huron (Nasdaq:HURN), D’Andre co-led a Program Management Office for the spin-off of the $1.5 billion Herc Rentals equipment rental business from $10 billion Hertz Rent-A-Car as a result of an activist investor’s demands. He stood up corporate functions and assisted in the hiring of key executive leadership and administered the knowledge transfer process between the two entities and each key corporate function. Mr. Davis currently serves on the board of the Atlanta Chapter of the Turnaround Management Association (TMA). His board service there includes roles on the sponsorship, nominating and governance, and private equity panel committees. In addition, he has served on the board of 21st Century Leaders, an Atlanta-based non-profit organization, where he led the strategic planning committee in strategy formulation. D’Andre earned a Certificate in Private Company Governance from the Private Directors Association as well as a Certificate in Black Corporate Board Readiness from the Leavey School of Business at Santa Clara University. He began his career as an engineer at Ford Motor Company, and later held key positions at Citigroup’s Corporate and Investment Bank and Intercontinental Hotels Group’s North American Investment Analysis Group. He holds an MBA from the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania and a BS in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Michigan. He is a member of the Turnaround Management Association, the Association of Insolvency and Restructuring Advisors, and the American Bankruptcy Institute. He holds as both a Certified Turnaround Professional and Certified Insolvency and Restructuring Advisor. Derric A. Gregory is an innovative financial and risk management senior executive with over twenty years of experience as Head of Audit overseeing internal controls design, SOX, regulatory compliance, corporate governance, accounting and advisory services in public and private sectors. Derric’s elevating factors leverage his qualified financial expertise and transformational operational experience across diverse, complex, regulated industries, including healthcare, manufacturing, financial services, and government. He has robust audit committee exposure and a proven track record of mitigating risks that could result in financial statement qualification (material weakness) while achieving strategic business objectives. As Founder and CEO of The Bridge Builder Group, Derric enables under-represented early-stage innovators in collaborating to foster B2B relationships that expedite pathways to capital formation, strategic investment, and acquisition. Derric has served in executive audit and accounting leadership roles for a variety of high-profile companies. CareFirst, Inc. (BlueCross BlueShield), Kaiser Permanente, BlueCross BlueShield of North Carolina (BCBSNC), GraceKennedy Ltd., Lowe’s, and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania have benefitted from his ability to provide sound judgment and appropriate regulatory guidance. As Chief Audit Executive, he led CareFirst Inc., BCBSNC, and GraceKennedy, Ltd increasing internal brand presence and audit productivity by over 30%, achieving the highest quality assurance designation from the Institute of Internal Auditors. He is a trusted resource to audit committees providing an independent assessment of corporate operational, financial, IT / cybersecurity, and enterprise risk mitigation efforts. Derric’s career is marked by his ability to identify, develop and promote talent. He has led corporate mentoring efforts, inspired team members, and directed corporate diversity initiatives. His board service included Meharry Medical College serving as Vice Chair of the Audit Committee, the National Association of Black Accountants (NABA), the Foundation Board of North Carolina Central University, and the inaugural Board of Visitors for North Carolina A&T State University. He has served as a member of the Corporate Board Initiative Committee of the Executive Leadership Council, earned his Director Certification designation through the National Association of Corporate Directors, and is currently enrolled in Santa Clara University’s Black Corporate Board Readiness program (Cohort 7). Derric is a Lifetime Member of the NABA, its National Outstanding Member in 2005, and a recipient of its Walking the Road Less Travelled award as the author of the book, Life in the Key of G. Derric is currently an Associate Minister with the New Psalmist Baptist Church. He is a Summa Cum Laude graduate in Accounting from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University and resides in Baltimore, Maryland, and in Durham, North Carolina. Qualified Financial Expert \| Board Certified \| Audit Committee Expertise \| Enterprise Risk Management \| ESG \| Sarbanes Oxley \| Business Process Transformation \| IT and Cybersecurity \| Regulatory Compliance \| M&A Due Diligence \| Business Process Reengineering John Hale, III is a consensus builder and results driven finance and operations C-Suite executive focused on turnaround, growth, and sustainability of companies with geographically dispersed operations in the industrial, energy, government contracting and consumer sectors. A 30-year executive leader and trusted advisor in the private and public sectors, Hale previously held the national security “Q” Top Secret/Restricted Data and Special Nuclear Material clearance. Hale was appointed by the President of the United States to two federal government senior executive positions. First, at the U.S. Small Business Administration, Hale developed and led strategies that generated 61,689 loan approvals totaling $30 billion of project financing. Second, at the U.S. Energy Department, Hale designed and implemented strategies to improve the Department’s small business grade from “F” grades to three consecutive “A” grades, resulting in $1.2 billion of prime small business contracts and the Department’s conversion of over $500 million of contract awards from large to small businesses. In recognition of this result, Hale received the U.S. Department of Energy Secretary's Meritorious Service Award. Hale serves as Chair of the Board of Directors of FSC First, the Next Energy Board of Directors, the Fulton Bank (NASDAQ: FULT) Greater Washington DC Advisory Board and the Private Directors Association’s Board of Directors. He also earned the Private Directors Association’s Certificate of Private Company Governance. Hale earned a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from the University of Michigan and a Master of Science in Finance from the Heinz School of Public Policy and Management at Carnegie Mellon University. Hale’s leadership has been recognized over the years, most recently receiving the FSC First Strategic Partner Award and the Maryland Black Chamber of Commerce Champion for Change Award. Darryl Hawkins has over 20 years’ experience ground-breaking new technologies and leading growth and transformation for several of the largest iconic telecom companies in the world. He is a veteran of the United States Marine Corp (Top Secret Clearance). He is a documented expert in developing and operationalizing strategic networks and customer service improvement procedures across the US, turning around organizations in crisis. Darryl is an operator, leading multi-billion-dollar P&L’s and has driven growth through innovation, shareholder value and expansion into new markets. Darryl serves as Senior Vice President of Engineering for T-Mobile, the world’s largest ($178B market cap) telecommunications company (75K employees). He oversees 5G Solution and Service Readiness and leads the West Division’s multi-billion-dollar 5G network build and operations portfolio. He spearheaded the company’s workforce evolution strategy, leveraging increased levels of digitalization, analytics, and AI/ML to drive scalability and increase the bottom line. His philosophy centers on digitizing the understanding of operational excellence through lean principles, broad-based application of AI/ML. He successfully executes emerging technology deployments of innovative programs; 5G, fiber optic, RAN, digital transformation. Darryl serves as the Executive Sponsor of the Veteran’s ERG for the company. Darryl served as Vice President of Operations of Comcast/NBC Universal’s California region, the nation’s largest broadband provider. He led the strategy for increasing customer experience (NPS 65+) by starting, building and repositioning organizations. During his tenure he was able to improve productivity by 37% YOY and network reliability by 28% through the implementation of Lean and Six Sigma principles (DMAIC). As the senior leader for CA/AZ, he successfully cultivated strategic relationships with state, county, local leaders including Governors, Senators, and Mayors to align services and expansion with community priorities. At Verizon, Darryl was in operations, sales (B2B/Consumer), Network Transformation, Engineering, 4/5G Network Planning, Optimization, Managed Services, Customer Perception Optimization, and End 2 End 5G Solution, etc. He has led a multi-billion-dollar nationwide fiber (FiOS) deployment. He created the first framework for the new industry go to market plan, delivering 30%+ growth which led to being presented with the Verizon Excellence Award. He is on the board of the North Bay Leadership Council supporting Northern California. He previously served as a board member for the United Way Southern Arizona, BBBS Arizona, The University of Arizona Foundation and Bucks County Workforce Investment Council. He was an adjunct professor for Pima College and The University of Arizona Global Campus. Darryl holds an MBA from Indiana Wesleyan University and graduated Magna Cum Laude from University of the District of Columbia with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (Law). He has also completed a three-year DBA program from Walden (ABD). He is certified in Lean Six Sigma from Villanova University. He has two adult children and makes his home in the San Francisco Bay area. Tia Hopkins is an innovative, business outcome-driven IT and cybersecurity executive with over 20 years of experience as a consultant, strategist, and C-suite advisor. She is a corporate athlete with direct experience in sales, marketing, product, professional services, and service delivery. She designs and informs strategies for high-growth, disruptive cybersecurity startups and advises C-level executives on aligning cybersecurity and technology strategies with business outcomes. Tia’s unique ability to simplify complex concepts and strategically align business priorities with technology and services capabilities played a vital role in eSentire Inc.’s $325 million capital raise and the achievement of a valuation of over $1 billion in 2022. She is currently a P&L leader in her dual c-suite roles as Chief Cyber Resilience Officer and Field Chief Technology Officer and is building, leading, and maturing the organization’s cyber resilience practice while working across the enterprise with executive leadership to ensure strategic alignment. She is a key decision-maker in matters regarding intellectual property development and the continued growth and adoption of eSentire’s Atlas XDR SaaS platform. Tia is effective at leveraging the intersection of people, processes, and technology to design innovative strategies for driving product and service differentiation in the market. Tia is extremely passionate about giving back to the community. She is an adjunct professor of cybersecurity, a published author, and a LinkedIn Learning instructor. She is a non-profit founder and a women’s tackle football coach. Tia is known for her influence and thought leadership in the cybersecurity industry. She was recognized by SC Media as an outstanding educator in 2019 for her commitment to preparing the next generation of cybersecurity and technology leaders to make a meaningful contribution to the field. She was recognized as one of The Software Report’s Top 25 Women Leaders in Cybersecurity and Cyber Defense Magazine’s Top 100 Women in Cybersecurity: both in 2020. In 2021, Tia was recognized as a Top Influencer in the Security Executives category by IFSEC Global and was most recently recognized by Dark Reading as #1 on the list of ‘8 More Women in Security You May Not Know but Should’ in 2022. Tia holds several industry certifications including the CISSP, CISM, and GSLC in addition to a BS in Information Technology, MS in Information Security and Assurance, MS in Cybersecurity and Information Assurance. She is pursuing an Executive MBA and a Ph.D. in Cybersecurity Leadership, basing her research on effective approaches to bridging the communication gap that exists between technology leaders and board directors. Strategy - Go-to-market (sales and marketing) - Product and Service Differentiation - Value Creation - Organizational Design - Business Transformation - M&A Due Diligence Cybersecurity - C-suite Advisor - Thought Leader - Influencer - Change Agent Focus and Interests - Industry: Technology, Cybersecurity - Type: Public and PE/VC funded companies - Size: Mid- to large-size companies, Mid- to late-stage startups Ted Jackson • Board Director and Senior Executive that has developed and led rapid scale, P&L ownership, value creation and exit strategies for privately held, start up and private equity owned companies over 25+ year career. • Extensive leadership in EBITDA performance improvement programs to achieve revenue, margin growth, cash flow and shareholder value through a variety of pricing, sales strategy, working capital, supply chain, manufacturing productivity and merger integration programs in the US, Canada, Mexico, Europe and Asia. • Transformational leader that has a track record of implementing strategic solutions to operationally complex situations requiring cross functional team building, organizational leadership, change management and data driven execution. Professional Summary • Board Member Coregistics – Monitoring the EBITDA value creation strategy, policy creation and coaching the executive leadership team. • Advisory Board Member Hill & Markes – Served as a trusted advisor to the CEO, reviewed EBITDA and working capital improvement program, approved annual budgets, provided M&A perspectives and strategic planning frameworks supporting company sale strategies. • Board Member Binkable – Supported the CEO and Corporate Board on capital raise, product launch, operational scale up and exit strategies. • Novolex - Executive Vice President of Food and Delivery Operations of Novolex a private equity backed flexible packaging company of Apollo Capital. Leads the P&L operations of a $3B+ division (4000 employees) including the Duro Bag, Bagcraft, Burrows, Delux & Hilex business units with over 30 domestic and international factories. Created shareholder value (3X sales, 5X EBITDA) through driving strategic business transformation programs focused on profitable sales growth initiatives, margin enhancement, operational efficiency / cost reduction and strategic acquisitions. Conducted strategic due diligence, developed and implemented post-merger integration plans for over 7 Novolex acquisitions. Prior Novolex leadership roles included promotions to Senior Vice President of Paper Operations and Vice President of Operations for the Duro Bag division and Novolex Environmental Health and Safety team leadership. Participated successful Private Equity investment exit transitions between Windpoint Partners, Carlyle & Apollo Capital. • AlixPartners LLP - Led client Executive leadership teams and corporate Boards to develop and implement winning operational strategies and step-change improvements in operational and financial performance. Worked across a variety of industrial and consumer product-oriented companies while co-leading the AlixPartners Operations and Consumer Products industry practices. Engaged clients through a combination of hands-on advisory and interim leadership team positions. Delivered impact for healthy and underperforming companies in addition to chapter 11 turnaround situations in EBITDA margin, working capital and operational improvements. Advanced through Director and Vice President promotions. • Early Career - Held progressive leadership positions with IBM, SAP and Motorola. Education/Awards/Notable Mentions • Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Executive education program in Supply Chain Management • Purdue University – MBA Operations Management and Marketing • Clark Atlanta University - BS in Physics / Engineering • Awards: Kentucky Association of Manufacturers – Novolex Duro Bag Large Company of the Year; M&A Advisor Industrial Turnaround of the Year Awards - Solo Cup and the Consolidated Container Company; AlixPartners - Achievement in Excellence Award • Published Articles and Industry Panels: Forbes, Contract Packaging Magazine, AlixPartners, Industrial Exchange, Capital Roundtable During her 30-year legal career Jyrl James served as strategic leader in legal and business roles. She has been a key participant in company acquisitions and development of infrastructures for both legal and human resources functions. Ms. James has been instrumental in successfully guiding companies through business expansions and business crisis, including chemical explosion with multiple fatalities, SEC investigation and labor strife. The legal function, as she views it, is a part of doing business not an adjacent function. During the course of her career, she led and developed professional staff and executives in the North American countries and England. Her governance experience includes presenting to a board and ensuring preparation committee and board documents. Ms. James was the first in-house attorney for Adecco, SA’s largest subsidiary. As Senior Vice President and General Counsel for North America, Ms. James was a member of key management of Adecco, In. and its North American subsidiaries, the then 4.5-billion-dollar billion enterprise of Adecco SA, then the world’s largest staffing services solutions and talent development. As part of the executive management team for Adecco NA, Ms. James was a critical participant in setting the direction of the company, providing legal advice, and managing a wide range of legal activities through a team of 30 in-house attorneys in 3 countries and numerous outside counsels. She served as corporate secretary. She held a government security clearance. Ms. James served as vice president of human resources and general counsel at the Akron Beacon-Journal. Previous to that, she was an attorney specializing in employment/labor/benefits law at the Atlantic Richfield Company and at private law firms. She also served as chairperson of the California Agricultural Labor Relations Board. Ms. James is passionate about the value of people in any organization and the differential value committed employees provide companies. She espouses the responsibility of corporations to be good civic and social citizens. Ms. James holds a degree in business and labor relations from Illinois Institute of Technology and a law degree from DePaul University Law School. Lance D. Mangum is a strategic and accomplished C-suite partner, advising executive management and the board of directors of global iconic brands operating in dynamic and complex political, legislative, and regulatory risk environments. His policy expertise has driven positive commercial and P&L results in the aviation, cargo logistics, e-commerce, manufacturing, and financial services sectors. For 20 years, Lance has been at the epicenter of advising consumer-facing companies to identify and mitigate operational, corporate tax, global trade facilitation, supply chain disruption, ESG, and reputational risks, balancing the interests of stakeholders and regulators. As a global executive, he engages policymakers and industry thought leaders on critical business issues at forums and bilateral meetings throughout North America, China, France, Denmark, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Lance is a Corporate Officer and Staff Vice President for Government Affairs at FedEx Corporation, a Fortune 50 company, creating strategic policy and geopolitical engagement plans and regularly interacting with FedEx Executive Management as well as the Board of Directors and its Governance, Safety, and Public Policy Committee. Lance has been named a “Top Lobbyist” by The Hill newspaper annually. He has successfully navigated the national political and policy landscape, developing strategies to achieve FedEx’s fiscal planning, international trade, infrastructure investment, human capital, and sustainability objectives, saving the company over $8 Billion in federal tax liabilities and operational costs since 2010. Lance managed government affairs at Capital One Financial Corporation, a Fortune 150 company, where he shaped issues related to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and advised the company in the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) as a part of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act. He developed tactical stakeholder engagement campaigns in response to the company’s closure of a mortgage services division and for the acquisition of a regional banking company during the 2008 global financial crisis. His Board of Directors service includes the Franklin Center for Global Policy Exchange and the U.S. Congressional Award Foundation, where he also serves as a member of the Audit Committee. He gained additional governance expertise by achieving Directorship Certification from the National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD), completing the Black Corporate Board Readiness (BCBR) program at Santa Clara University, and as a member of the Private Directors Association (PDA). Lance received his B.A. in Political Science from North Carolina State University, an M.A. in Political Management from The George Washington University, and a Certificate in Organizational Inclusion and Diversity from Michigan State University. He resides in Washington, D.C. and enjoys traveling, music, studying history, and “social” golf. Joy Mbanugo is skilled in advising executive management on the financial implications of business activities and generating recommendations to enhance performance and opportunities. Advanced expertise in spearheading financial transformation, streamlining systems integration, improving processes, enhancing productivity, and implementing technology solutions. Proficient in delivering financial modeling support and leadership to public companies and startups. She is well suited to sit on an Audit committee for public and private companies. She is driven to assist startups in constructing finance teams, systems, and talent management. She analyzed deals worth between $25MM and $1B related to Google Cloud Partnerships and Industry Solutions. She developed a process to provide monthly financial results to the Cloud Partnership and Industry Solutions teams and monitored revenue growth of up to $1.5B annually. She also designed and implemented a cash management system for Alphabet Treasury, transforming intercompany transactions and funneling over $100B in assets. Additionally, she engineered the Tax and Intercompany workstreams for the largest U.S. ERP conversion from Oracle to SAP. Joy managed a team of 80+ contractors and 40+ staff and orchestrated investment and risk management strategies to influence business decisions. She also served on the CEO Economic Empowerment Committee and acted as a Volunteer Finance Advisor with Google for Startups. Furthermore, she led two employee resource groups, Women in Finance and Blacks in Finance, and provided mentorship for Google Finance. Lastly, she oversaw tax transformation and requirements delivery across 83 countries for Corporate Income, Consumption, Withholding, and Property Tax. She spearheaded taxation of securities lending at BlackRock, a company with $3T assets on loan. She also negotiated tax language in client investment management agreements. In Ernst and Young, She implemented the U.S. Hire Act (FATCA), analyzed proposed U.S. tax reform, and initiated other regulatory matters. She also evaluated cross-border transactions and derivatives and worked in London on cross-border transactions for three years. She was also the Volunteer Chief Financial Officer for Paladin.org, a nonprofit that helps underserved founders establish structure in their pre-seed ventures. Additionally, she was an Advisor on the Finance Committee for the Northern California Chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union and managed a portfolio of over $30 million. She is an experienced professional with expertise in various industries, including banking, asset management, insurance, fintech, cryptocurrency, technology, advertising, fashion, and nonprofit board. She is well-versed in the nuances of each industry and is able to bring her knowledge and skills to any project. She has an impressive educational background, having obtained a Juris Doctorate from Cleveland-Marshall College of Law in Cleveland, OH, a Masters of Accountancy from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, OH, a Bachelor of Arts in Black World Studies from Miami University-Oxford in Oxford, OH, a Bachelor of Science in Accountancy from Miami University-Oxford in Oxford, OH, and also has a Certificate of International Studies from the Institute of Business in Moscow, Russia. Dr. Milton Morris is a tech-savvy Independent Director for both public and private companies as well as a former Chairman and CEO. Dr. Morris has over 30 years of operating and oversight experience within large and small cap companies and is nationally recognized for his leadership in successful commercialization of high-tech medical devices. Dr. Morris has a successful track record of leading turnarounds, building high performing teams and growing value in highly regulated global markets. Dr. Morris currently serves on public and private boards with broad committee assignment experience. Operational Leadership and MedTech Turnaround Expertise: As its former Chairman and CEO, Dr. Morris restarted a failed Neuspera Medical, Inc. — creating and executing a new business plan, successfully raising $120m of capital across 4 financings and growing its value over 400x. During his 7-year tenure, Neuspera achieved FDA approval to commercialize its neuromodulation system for use in Peripheral Pain that is estimated to impact over 500m people worldwide and an FDA approval to complete its pivotal trial for Urge Urinary Incontinence, impacting ~7% of the adult population. Prior to Neuspera, Dr. Morris was hired by Cyberonics (now LivaNova, Inc.) to establish and build an R&D organization and product pipeline to support the company’s turnaround. Under his leadership, the newly created R&D team finalized a product and technology roadmap and delivered multiple first of their kind products in the core Epilepsy business, plus an expansion into an adjacent Heart Failure market — 64m people world wide. During Dr. Morris’ tenure, Cyberonics experienced an ~4x growth in market capitalization, in part, due to the revenues driven by new products that accounted for ~20% of total revenue mix within 1 year of release and the anticipation of other products in the pipeline. In his last role with Boston Scientific, Dr. Morris was the Franchise Owner of the Arrhythmia business managing the full product lifecycle of the global ~$1.56b implantable Pacemaker and Defibrillator businesses. Governance: As its Chair and CEO, Dr. Morris grew and Chaired the 6 member (4 observer) board of directors and 5 member executive leadership team at Neuspera Medical. Dr. Morris governed successfully through 4 financings, annual external auditing processes, COVID-19 crisis management, and a performance-based compensation strategy that helped to drive results that grew value over 400x. Dr. Morris currently serves on the boards of Nordson Corp. (NASDAQ: NDSN), Myomo, Inc. (NYSE: MYO), embecta Corp. (NASDAQ: EMBC) and Northwestern University. His committee assignments span Governance and Sustainability (Nom/Gov/ESG), Compensation, Audit and Technology (R&D/Quality/Regulatory). Doctor Morris resides in Houston Texas with wife Renee where he enjoys playing golf and watching his 4 kids play music and competitive sports. Education - Northwestern University - B.S. Electrical Engineering - University of Michigan - M.S. Electrical Engineering - Ph.D. Electrical Engineering - Northwestern University - MBA Certification - NACD.DC Honors and Awards - Distinguished Alumni Medalist: Northwestern University - Fellow: American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) - Fellow: National Institutes of Health Adrienne Mosley is an experienced business executive and brand protector with 23 years as a trusted advisor in highly regulated companies, providing strategic direction for business and community growth. Adrienne applies her Legal expertise and strategy capabilities to remove challenges and meet business goals. She has advised accomplished C-Suite executives in large, global matrix organizations to amplify and defend iconic brands, and she has contributed to business strategy and implementation, with her impact spanning enterprise risk management, transformation, business operations, cybersecurity, and matters of ESG. Known for delivering on tough business challenges, Adrienne is a committed and empathetic leader who brings integrity and a collaborative approach to Board service, with a growth and compliance mindset that values consumer and community centrality. Adrienne is Deputy General Counsel for PepsiCo, Inc.’s $23B snacks division, PepsiCo Foods North America, with a food portfolio of chips, dips, convenience foods, and breakfast foods including powerhouse brands Doritos, Lay’s, Cheetos, and Quaker. Supporting a scope of 30+ manufacturing facilities across the U.S. and Canada, more than 200 distribution centers and service of 315,000 retail customers per week through a direct-store-delivery model, Adrienne extends strong business acumen to ensure the delight of the company’s shareholders, retailers, consumers, and employees. She demonstrates a “can-do” approach as she advances strategies in pricing, go-to-market approaches, consumer-centric marketing campaigns, and the effective harnessing of data and analytics to secure a competitive advantage. She also leads risk mitigation strategies as chief counsel for litigation, scientific affairs, and regulatory issues. Her questions and curiosity add prospective insights to mitigate risk and build a thriving corporate reputation. Adrienne served as VP and Global Chief Counsel - IT, Cybersecurity, and Privacy for PepsiCo, guiding its leaders on the cybersecurity program and digital transformation strategy across PepsiCo’s international divisions; spearheaded PepsiCo’s U.S. privacy compliance strategy, governance model, and policies; integrated critical acquisitions of leading brands, BFY Brands/PopCorners and Bare Foods Co. to grow market share in the macrosnacks category and drive significant growth in PepsiCo’s healthier snacks portfolio; led the transactions team in brand advancement and innovation for the launch of Doritos Locos Tacos in partnership with Taco Bell; guided business teams through trade-off decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic; developed and implemented the first-of-its-kind – PepsiCo online antitrust compliance training, leveraged across PepsiCo’s North America Food and Beverage businesses; and developed a governance and compensation process for compliance with wage and hour regulations. One of her greatest points of pride is her leadership in the creation of PepsiCo’s Larry D. Thompson Fellowship for minority law students to get business experience. Adrienne’s varied contributions are a testament to her ability to inspire trust, learn, and drive positive results. Recently, Adrienne was awarded Outstanding Corporate Counsel by the Association of Corporate Counsel and Texas Law Book. She was named to the list of Diversity First’s Top 100 Women in Business, recognized on the National Diversity and Leadership’s Top 50 General Counsel list, and featured on Savoy Magazine’s Most Influential Women in Corporate America list. Adrienne currently serves on the Boards of several non-profit organizations, including The Storehouse of Collin County, Texas, where she serves on the Executive Committee as Board Secretary and is a member of the External Affairs Committee; and The Melville Family Foundation, where she is Secretary of the Board. Adrienne holds a B.A. from Yale University and a J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania Law School. Adrienne is certified by the International Association of Privacy Professionals with CIPP/US and CIPM privacy certifications. She also holds an executive leadership certificate from Dartmouth’s Tuck School of Business. Damon Munchus is an experienced senior global finance executive with a passion for innovation with over 25 years of experience in corporate finance, strategy, capital markets and regulatory affairs. He has a long career within the financial services industry focusing on the intersection of finance and technology. Damon served as a Deputy Assistant Secretary at the U.S. Department of the Treasury during the global financial crisis of 2008-2010 with a bias towards action where he gained his unique experience and perspective on regulatory affairs. Over the course of his career Damon has proven himself to be a collaborative and diplomatic leader specializing in consensus-driven problem solving within complex situations. Damon has extensive federal regulatory and government relations experience developed as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Legislative Affairs at the U.S. Department of the Treasury. After government service he worked as a registered lobbyist and advised private equity firms, investors and corporations while at the Cypress Group (dba Mindset), on regulatory risk for their portfolio company acquisitions. Damon’s previous board service includes Washington, D.C.’s Board of Real Property Assessments and Treasurer of the Washington, D.C. Chapter of Habitat for Humanity. He currently serves on the Advisory Board of the College of Liberal Arts of the University of Texas at Austin where he graduated with a B.A. from the Plan II Honors Program. He also holds a Master’s in Public Policy from Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government and a J.D. from New York University School of Law. Damon currently lives in New York City and is the proud father of identical twin teenage boys. In his spare time he enjoys reading crime fiction, playing golf, listening to jazz and cooking authentic Louisiana creole cuisine. Damon Munchus CFO and COO - Digital, Data and Product for Commercial Banking at JPMorgan Chase & Co. New York, NY E [email protected] in damon-munchus-444b97 Zeek Ojeh leads with confidence, integrity and empathy. In the boardroom, he has honed the skill of reducing complex financial problems to their basic elements and builds consensus by using data to drive decision-making. He is a Qualified Financial Expert (QFE) and a specialist in assessing organizational strategies and financial framework, and recommending measures to maximize operational efficiencies. He is the Audit Committee Chair for ARDX.net, an ESOP healthcare and IT management company. He is also on the board of Arizona’s third largest bank – the $3.3 billion Arizona Financial Credit Union. As the Board Treasurer, he ensures that the credit union’s financial systems, fiscal health, internal controls as well as depositors’ assets are safe and secure. He also chairs the Enterprise Risk Management Committee and he’s a member of the Assets and Liabilities and the IT Steering Committees. In conformity with the bank’s Strategic Plan, Mr. Ojeh provided oversight throughout the deal-cycle in the merger/acquisition of two separate commercial banks (Pinnacle Bank and Horizon Community Bank). He ensured that the purchases were accretive to net income, and not dilutive, and that the synergies, ROI, and Goodwill were within acceptable ranges. These acquisitions helped increase the bank’s market share. He was Arizona Governor nominated and state legislature confirmed candidate to serve on two boards – the Arizona Finance Housing Authority (AzFHA) and the Manufactured Housing Board (MHB). The AzFHA provides opportunities for first-time homebuyers to cover down payment and closing costs. The MHB is charged with imposing minimum construction standards to safeguard the safety and welfare of the public. In his career, Mr. Ojeh is the President of ZaiMar, Inc., a commercial real-estate acquisition, development and leasing company. He is also an Arbitrator for FINRA. In February 2022, he retired as the Acting Superintendent for the Balsz School District in Phoenix. At Balsz, he oversaw the sale of bonds to address some critical infrastructure needs. Previously, he was the CFO for Cartwright School District, with an annual operating budget of approximately $200 million. For seven years, Mr. Ojeh was a multi-unit franchisee, owner-operator of Wendy’s Restaurant. Using his financial acumen, industry best practices and collaborative nature, he turned around two failing restaurants, improved morale, and increased sales by 105% in 18 months. For approximately thirteen years, Mr. Ojeh worked for the City of Phoenix in a variety of capacities – Tax Auditor, Airport Supervisory Accountant and as a Budget Officer. In the community, Mr. Ojeh is an enthusiastic leader in several major community entities, often serving in governance or officer-roles. He served on the boards of the Association of Arizona Food Banks, the Catholic Education Arizona, a mediator for Maricopa Justice Courts and as a two-term President of the Holy Spirit Parish Council. If given an opportunity to serve, Mr. Ojeh will bring a spirit of entrepreneurship, collaboration to drive growth and a proven success in gaining market share. He’s an accredited investor per SEC Rule 501 Reg. D (7), with an MBA degree from the Thunderbird School of Global Mgt, AZ. He is a certified public accountant (CPA), certified internal auditor (CIA) and a certified financial services auditor (CFSA). Mr. Ojeh earned an ESOP Governance certificate, and he’s a graduate of the Santa Clara University’s “Black Corporate Board Readiness” (BCBR) program. Azella Perryman is a global operations and technology executive with over 15 years of experience driving bottom-line impact through transformation and restructuring of organizations and processes across the U.S., U.K., and various African countries. She has traveled to or visited over 55 emerging and developed countries and worked across technology, media/entertainment, finance, marketing, non-profit, e-commerce and mobility. Azella has been a strategic advisor to CEOs and Presidents of public and private companies as well as the European Union and driven new market entry strategies, resource allocation, restructuring, and organizational efficiency. She is known for her ability to disrupt and transform organizations without being disruptive to business continuity. Over the course of her career, she has created operational rigor and led transformations across almost every stage and function of a business, including operations, finance, marketing, and strategy. Most recently, as the VP of Customer and Sales Operations at Flyhomes, a series B startup, she managed an internationally distributed operations team of over 400 people across India and the U.S. and drove technology software implementation to optimize sales cycles for $50m of revenue. At Lyft, she built and executed the strategic annual planning process with the CEO and CFO and drove alignment across headcount planning, budget allocation and product roadmaps, reducing time spent on planning by 33% company-wide. Prior to Lyft, she restructured and transformed operational management teams at Caviar post-acquisition of a smaller startup, reduced overtime costs by 60% and led the expansion of the $40m business into new markets. She then managed the 350 person team through transition during the subsequent $410m acquisition of Caviar by DoorDash. Internationally, as a strategic advisor to the President of StubHub, she helped the C-suite integrate a $165m international acquisition across the E.U. and U.S. to enter the global market. She also drove go-to-market execution across the U.K, U.S. South Africa, and Nigeria for a rebrand of the MTV channel in Nigeria to over 20 million viewers as Director of Strategy and Business Development at Viacom Africa. Azella gained public sector experience in Africa through her work with Technoserve by creating inroads with the governments, NGOs, and players along the entire agricultural supply chain in 6 African countries to create a market entry strategy for a $540m investment by a multinational conglomerate and for the EU in Zimbabwe. She began her career at Goldman Sachs in New York and London with their sales and private equity divisions. Azella serves as Board Secretary for the San Francisco Conservation Corps. She has served on the advisory board for the San Francisco Symphony, and mentors college students and underprivileged communities through various non-profit organizations including East Bay College Fund, Streetwise Partners, YearUp and Women’s Venture Fund. Azella earned her MBA from Harvard Business School, and her B.A in Economics from Stanford University. She played varsity basketball at Stanford, is an avid holistic health and fitness enthusiast, loves to travel and is a voracious book lover. Audra Ryan-Jones is an accomplished Senior Professional Services and Technology Executive with over 30 years of experience in Global Customer Account Management, Sales, Operational Excellence, and Customer Satisfaction. Audra has a proven track record of leading and building world-class, matrixed organizations in high-growth transformation. She has led go-to-market transformations in businesses ranging from 20M to 500M in revenues. Her experience spans across multiple sectors including Public Sector, Financial Services, Retail, Healthcare and more. Prior to that, at Xerox, Audra held several geographic and industry-based positions of increasing P&L and organizational responsibility ranging from 25 -120M annual recurring revenue. She was recognized with ten Xerox President Club Awards for overachievement of sales, revenue and profit targets. She was honored by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Xerox Corporation for cross functional leadership in the acquisition of the $224 M Xerox/ACS Synergy deal. In her early career, Audra worked as a technology adviser for the Kuwait Air Force in the Persian Gulf and as a System Engineering Manager at IBM. Audra has held significant leadership positions at HPE, Xerox and now Amazon Web Services (AWS). In her current role at AWS, Audra is focused on helping Enterprise Mid Large customers (EML), Independent Software Vendors (ISVs) and Digital Native Businesses (DNB) accelerate their digital transformation by leveraging AWS Professional Services resulting in $1.294B in Trailing Twelve Months (TTM) Platform revenue. In 2022, Audra’s AWS leadership and colleagues rated her highest in three leadership principles: Earning trust, Learn and be curious, and Hire and develop the best. This is indicative of her approach to leadership and delivering results, which is grounded in high integrity, continual learning, and empathy. Audra is personally and professionally an advocate for advancement in diversity, inclusion and creating cultures of continuous learning. She is active in community service and currently serves as the President of the Board of Evangeline Ministries, a life skills program for women in Cape town South Africa. She is also a Board Director and Secretary of the Sigma Phi Phi Epsilon Sigma Boule Foundation, and has served on the Board of Directors Executive Committee for the Northern Virginia Urban League and IT Alliance for the Public Sector (ITAPS) Federal Executive Council. Audra holds a Master of Business Administration from The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, and a Bachelor of Business Administration from Temple University with Honors. She is a graduate of the Santa Clara University Black Corporate Readiness Board (BCBR) program. Nicole L. Streeter is a strategic C-Level governance, regulatory compliance and risk management executive, and investor. She advises C-Suite and Boards of billion-dollar organizations across education, digital/tech businesses, and government in refining strategies to achieve goals for stakeholders and shareholders. Nicole’s 20+ years of governance, establishing/navigating regulations, compliance, risk, and legal expertise has steered organizations through economic, social, and political headwinds, efficiently driving results in a timely manner. Currently, Nicole strategically advises the Chairman and the Council of the District of Columbia on regulations, compliance, risk, and legal including D.C.’s local $19B+ fiscal oversight. As a former Chairman’s Chief of Staff and Principal Advisor, she liaised between Chairman, Corporate Executives, Councilmembers, and Capitol Hill, navigating/advising on complex and often controversial matters between businesses, industries, and the government on regulations/legalities – achieving positive resolutions affecting multibillion-dollar industries. Nicole’s experience will serve her well as a Board Director of technology companies including EdTech, RegTech, GovTech, SaaS/digital platforms, and start-ups, advising on strategic and fiscal governance issues, regulations, risk, and funding. She is well poised to guide companies in gaining entry into government sectors to expand their market share. A trusted, influential voice at the table, Nicole advances the strategic direction, asking crucial questions and challenging thinking while building consensus, anticipating potential risk, and leveraging her robust network. Board Value Impact - Regulatory Compliance and Risk Expert – Advised/guided a $3.3B property rental business and DC Council on legislation for the $87B vacation rental industry with positive outcomes for all parties. - Strategic, Fiscal, and Board Governance – Advised DC Public Charter School Board and Executive Director on 68 DC charter schools and its $800M budget, technology, funding, compliance, regulations, legal, risk, resources/services. - Partnerships and Network – Brings insights on partnerships for digital/tech native, EdTech, RegTech, and startup companies to enter or expand market both B2B and B2G, ensuring regulatory, government, and legal compliance. - Funding – Navigated all funding aspects of $800M in public funds for charter schools. Expert on Board requirements for renewal/dissolution, and funding products/services. - Crisis Management – Led DC Council through crisis/Federal Investigations of high-level Officials. Guided COVID emergency bills in $16B budget constraints; advised on impact to business, economic development, housing, and health/human services. - Diversity and Access – Poised to advise digital/EdTech/RegTech boards on financial/funding, tech, and access by un/underrepresented communities. Board Experience - Executive Board of Advisors, How Women Lead, Silicon Valley, DC, Maryland and Virginia - Ltd. Partner, How Women Invest VC Fund; 1863 Ventures Fund - Former Chair, Governance and Nominations Committee, Bright Beginnings - Chair, Former Chair, Fundraising Committee Gay Men’s Chorus of Washington, DC Board Value Skills - Strategic and $16B Fiscal Governance Advisory - Regulatory Compliance and Legal - Risk Mitigation and Crisis Management - Strategic Partnerships, Funding, D&I Education - JD, Univ. of California, Berkeley, School of Law - BSFS, International Politics, USA in World Affairs, Georgetown University Thought Leadership - Host/Moderator, Mythbusting & Connecting with Black Board Directors, #Getonboard Week, Nov. 2021 - Co-Presenter, What Happens When Communications Wants to Say Everything and Legal Wants to Say Nothing? Colorado Charter Schools Conference, Denver, 2018. - Panelist, The Department of Labor May Come Knocking: Have Your Schools Filed Their Form 5500s? Alliance of Public Charter Schools’ Attorneys, Minneapolis, MN, 2017 Kim A. Thompson is a creative and pragmatic problem solver and global business executive with over three decades of experience as a lawyer and senior risk management leader. Her collaborative style enables senior management teams to navigate complex risk situations and come through with reasonable, positive outcomes. Kim has extensive experience working on corporate engagement strategies to advance racial equity and social justice. She will bring deep risk management and legal expertise, and a fresh perspective on stakeholder expectations for the social element of ESG to a corporate board. Kim served large multinational clients as a securities and commercial litigator at the international law firm Gibson Dunn before moving in-house to PricewaterhouseCoopers. At PwC, she led dozens of audit teams through fraud investigations and other complex issues. She served as Deputy Global General Counsel where she provided legal advice to the global consulting business on a wide range of issues including acquisition related matters, large international client problems and other sensitive situations. She led the global risk management function for PwC’s consulting business and drove the development, implementation and monitoring of global quality management systems and risk processes for PwC’s consulting businesses across the world. She effectively solved countless complex business problems, including the resolution of several significant conflict of interest matters involving multinational clients. Kim led the global risk management consultations team responsible for identifying and managing new and emerging risk issues for PwC across the world for all of PwC’s businesses. Kim was a founding fellow in the CEO Action for Racial Equity fellowship, a business-led initiative using data-driven insights and a human centered approach to develop, promote, and scale sustainable public policies and corporate engagement strategies that advance racial equity across the United States. She has been a keynote speaker on the social aspect of ESG at various national conferences. Kim has two decades of experience on nonprofit boards, and currently serves as Chair of the Board for Legal Services for Children, and on the Executive Committee of the Oakland Promise Board. In addition, she is currently a member of the board of directors for both the S.H. Cowell Foundation and the Martin Luther King Jr. Freedom Center. Kim has been recognized multiple times for her community activities and her professional achievements. The San Francisco Business Times named Kim as one of the 150 Most Influential Women in Business. Oakland Magazine recognized Kim for her volunteer and philanthropic work in the magazine’s annual Best of Oakland and East Bay edition. Kim’s high school awarded her their Life Achievement Award for her professional and volunteer achievements. Kim was named California Law Review’s Alumna of the Year. Kim received Friends of Oakland Parks and Recreation’s annual Ann Woodell Community Award and was an honoree at the Oakland Parks and Recreation Salute to Excellence and Community Spirit. Kim received the Community Champion Award from Life Goes On Foundation. Kim earned her Juris Doctor from the University of California at Berkeley School of Law and a Bachelor of Arts degree from Cornell University. She is an active member of the California Bar. She and her husband live in Oakland, California, and they have two adult children. Vanessa Vining brings three decades of diversified strategic and purposeful experiences leading marketing and advertising, leveraging ESG to further client’s mission and revenue goals. As a trusted advisor and partner to CEO’s and other C-Suite executives at fortune 100 and 500 companies, her business acumen enables her to develop omnichannel strategies that address increasing ROI for brands like AT&T, P&G, PepsiCo, General Motors, McDonalds and U.S. Army among others. Currently, Vanessa is the Founder and CEO of The Cultural Effect, Inc., an agency dedicated to developing inclusive ecosystems for its clients through the lens of culture, fiduciary duty and ESG to drive marketing innovation, brand affinity and retention. She has held leadership roles in Account Management, Strategy, Media, Investment, DE&I and Supplier Diversity at VaynerX, Omnicom, IPG, Publicis, Fluent360 and Carol H Williams. Vanessa is a “Swiss Army Knife”, with an agile ability to envision, create and execute sustainable strategies in competitive markets. Team DDB, the AOR for the U.S. Army, commended her for developing the approach to educate and transform relationships throughout Army Enterprise Marketing Office (AEMO) ranks, as well as Army Reserve, National Guard, USAREC and ROTC. Vanessa was the first Chief Diversity Office at VaynerX, reporting to the CEO. Her business impact was through global DE&I initiatives – investing in commercial efforts, stakeholder engagement, talent innovation and providing support for Executive Leadership and client’s. She successfully turned around the FDA Fresh Empire anti-smoking campaign and relationship in five months, consolidating and leading all five anti-smoking/vaping campaigns totaling $85M+. She also led the first multi-million-dollar, digital only, Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) campaign and exceeded goals by 7%. Leading diversity strategy and operations for her clients, Vanessa created an innovative approach to Supplier Diversity. For AT&T, she successfully created an approach to Media and Supplier Diversity, exceeding their $96.0M annual spend goal by 10%+ for four consecutive years. For PepsiCo, she created a multi-year strategy to increase spend from $2.2MM in 2012 to $11.0MM by 2015 with diverse owned companies. She received a Telly Award in the motivational category for the TV One and AT&T “Iconic Achievers” campaign and was an ANA finalist for best African American campaign. As a transformational leader, Vanessa is regarded as a thought leader, speaker, coach, and advisor. She served on the board of The Metropolitan Board of the Chicago Urban League and Circulation Verification Council, and currently sits on the board of Empow(H)er Cybersecurity and a member of CHIEF. Vining earned a bachelor’s degree from Governors State University and holds a Diversity and Inclusion certification from Cornell University. Skills and Expertise Strategy and Investment - Strategy GTM – B2C, B2B - Contract Negotiations - Value Creation - Business Transformation - New Business People and Culture - Diversity, Equity & Inclusion (DE&I) - Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - Transformational Coaching - Learning and Development Supplier Diversity - Program Development and Management - Sourcing - Training Specialization Type - Public and private Size - Mid to large-size companies - Small size companies Industry and Categories - Marketing/Advertising – Retail, QSR, Autorotative, Technology, Telecommunication, Finance, FinTech, Spirits Catina Wilson is a senior Global Operations executive with more than 25 years of Product Management, Strategy Execution, Relationship Management, Technology, and Customer Service experience in Fintech, financial services, automotive and software industries. She has expertise in strategy development and execution, technology deployments, mergers and acquisitions, leading organizational transformations and developing high performance teams. She serves as Global Head of Prepaid Card Operations and Strategic Partnerships for Fiserv, a $15B, Fortune 500 Financial Technology leader. She led the turnaround of Fiserv’s Prepaid business by creating a strategic partner network of suppliers to mitigate supply chain constraints and establishing a framework for improving the overall customer experience. She led the team to increasing revenues while also reducing costs with a 25% margin improvement. As GM Channel Partner Operations, Catina led the dissolution of Bank of America Merchant Services, a joint venture between First Data Corporation and Bank of America. Catina led the way to creating a new Merchant Acquiring direct channel business for Fiserv, Clover Business Solutions. In parallel, she led negotiations to save the Bank of America relationship and was able to create a new channel partner relationship. Later, she was appointed to lead the channel partner relationship and grew revenues from $237M to $261M within the first year with Bank of America becoming Fiserv’s largest channel partner. Catina held progressive leadership roles with Cox Automotive, a $5B conglomerate of brands that provide digital, marketing, retail, financial and wholesale solutions to automotive dealers. In her last role, Head of Strategy and Execution, she led a team of employees that drove operational efficiencies, e-commerce technology enhancements, product commercialization, operational readiness, and significantly improved the customer experience. Catina led the integration of several acquisitions including Dealer Track and Kelly Blue Book. Earlier, Catina was Group VP Technology Delivery at SunTrust Bank (now Truist). She led the technology delivery team for the areas of technology risk and compliance, Anti-money laundering and Fraud. She led the implementation and deployment of technology initiatives valued at $50M+. She led the digital transformation which reduced company expenditures by $25M. Catina was also a management consultant for American Management Systems and has also worked for several start-ups supporting sales, and professional services. Catina recently joined the board of directors for the Technology Association of Georgia where she will advise young, minority owned Tech companies looking to launch new products. She has an MBA from Georgia Institute of Technology and a degree in Industrial Management from Purdue University. She lives in Atlanta with her husband and daughter. She’s an avid traveler and loves to play golf. Skills - Strategy Execution, Product Management, Revenue Generation, and P&L Management - M&A Integration, Divestitures, Customer Experience Improvement, and Strategic Partnerships - Technology Delivery and Operational Scaling Sectors - FinTech, Financial Services - Automotive – Digital Media - Technology - Management Consulting, Professional Services Education - MBA, Georgia Institute of Technology - Bachelor of Science, Purdue University - Strategic Partnerships, International Institute for Management Development BCBR / COHORT 7 FEBRUARY - APRIL 2023 SILICON VALLEY EXECUTIVE CENTER SANTA CLARA UNIVERSITY 500 EL CAMINO REAL \| SANTA CLARA, CA 95053 \| [email protected] \| WWW.SCU.EDU/EXECED ABOUT BCBR \| APPLY \| ALUMNI \| JOIN THE COMMUNITY \| SUPPORT	a048654d-db55-41ee-9ab3-5f8cf67eeee5	CC-MAIN-2023-50	https://www.scu.edu/media/leavey-school-of-business/exec-ed/bcbr/participants/BCBR-Board-Bio-Book-Cohort-7-Final.pdf	2023-12-10T23:00:31+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2023-50/subset=warc/part-00208-e565b809-b335-4c1d-90fd-54a9a2b7113d.c000.gz.parquet	1,071,774,334	18,485	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.918658	eng_Latn	0.994189	[ "pis_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "unknown", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "kiu_Latn" ]	true	docling	[ 67, 375, 2357, 3778, 4282, 4313, 7770, 10808, 13489, 16951, 19469, 22964, 26529, 28497, 31146, 34717, 39385, 42653, 44567, 47794, 50979, 54773, 57000, 59976, 63311, 66654, 70846, 72850, 76392, 79646, 82395, 86423, 89890, 93448, 96937, 97172 ]
THREE PIGEONS LASSCO Three Pigeons Milton Common, Oxfordshire OX9 2JN +44 (0)1844 277188 [email protected] BRUNSWICK HOUSE 30 Wandsworth Road, London SW8 2LG +44 (0) 20 7394 2100 [email protected] LOUIS XVI STYLE CARRARA MARBLE CHIMNEYPIECE, nineteenth century, the moulded shaped shelf above panelled frieze centred by laurel wreath, the stop-ﬂuted quarter-column jambs headed by square paterae corner blocks, on shaped footblocks. DIMENSIONS: 105cm (41¼") High, 146.5cm (57¾") Wide, 35.5cm (14") Deep, aperture width 108.5cm, aperture height 81.5cm STOCK CODE: bb033	<urn:uuid:3fd89610-1a92-453f-94e7-c245807c3690>	CC-MAIN-2024-30	https://www.lassco.co.uk/product/louis-xvi-style-carrara-marble-chimneypiece-60735/?print-products=pdf	2024-07-18T05:32:25+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-30/subset=warc/part-00069-65338ae2-db7f-48fa-a620-71777c40d854.c000.gz.parquet	728,847,918	203	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.555408	eng_Latn	0.758648	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 206, 582 ]
Suzuki Sj410 Workshop Manual READ ONLINE Suzuki SJ410 workshop manual - 4x4 Community - Suzuki SJ410 workshop manual. 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Suzuki SJ410/SJ413 (82-97) and Vitara Service and Repair Suzuki Samurai Manual Sj410 Manual Fsm Service Manual 1986 - 1991 - DOWNLOAD This is the COMPLETE official FACTORY service manual for the SUZUKI SAMURAI SJ410 series vehicles. https://www.tradebit.com/filedetail.php/110417283-suzuki-samurai-manual-sj410-manual-fsm-service Suzuki Sj410/Sj413 (82 97) And Vitara Service And Repair Manual has 4 ratings and 2 reviews. Suzuki SJ Series, Samurai and Vitara (4-cyl) Petrol (82 - 97 Suzuki Sj410/Sj413 (82 97) And Vitara Service And - http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1397290.Suzuki_Sj410_Sj413_82_97_And_Vitara_Service_And_Repair_Manual 1984 Suzuki SJ 410 Repair Manual Download - - http://www.filepeep.com/download/1984-suzuki-sj-410/ 1984 Suzuki SJ 410 Repair Service Manual FREE [DOWNLOAD] Download the 1984 Suzuki SJ 410 Factory Service Manual FREE. this file is in PDF format so you will need a Suzuki SJ410/SJ413 (82-97) and Vitara Service and - http://www.amazon.com/Suzuki-Vitara-Service-Repair-Manuals/dp/1859602800 Suzuki SJ410/SJ413 (82-97) and Vitara Service and Repair Manual (Haynes Service and Repair Manuals) Hardcover May 18, 1994 Suzuki SJ410/SJ413 (82-97) & Vitara Service and - http://www.amazon.co.uk/Suzuki-Vitara-Service-Repair-Manual/dp/1859602800 Buy Suzuki SJ410/SJ413 (82-97) & Vitara Service and Repair Manual (Haynes) by Bob Henderson, A.K. 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If you wish to conduct repairs for your Suzuki SJ 410 then it is always a good idea to have access to a Workshop Manual for a Download Suzuki Sierra Sj410 Sj410v Sj410k Sj40 - http://www.myservicemanual.net/manual/173620274-Suzuki-Sierra-Sj410-Sj410v-Sj410k-Sj40-Workshop-Manual Suzuki Sierra Sj410 Sj410v Sj410k Sj40 Workshop Manual. manual; 29.90 USD ***this is the real deal, the actual sj410 service manual, not the samurai sj413 that is 1984 Suzuki SJ410 Repair, Maintenance & Care Info - https://www.automd.com/repair/suzuki_m48/sj410_mm1715/1984_y85/ 1984 Suzuki SJ410 repair and maintenance: common problems, repair estimates, auto shops and mechanics, recalls, and technical service bulletins Suzuki Sierra SJ410 SJ410V SJ410K SJ40 Factory Workshop - http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/SUZUKI-SIERRA-SJ410-SJ410V-SJ410K-SJ40-FACTORY-WORKSHOP-SERVICE- SUZUKI SIERRA SJ410 SJ410V SJ410K SJ40 FACTORY WORKSHOP SERVICE REPAIR MANUAL (PDF version in CD) 1.0L F10A Engine . Also called as SJ40 Jimny 1000 REPAIR-MANUAL-/290948858971 Suzuki SJ410 1984 - Workshop Manual - MyBroadband - http://mybroadband.co.za/vb/showthread.php/624727-Suzuki-SJ410-1984-Workshop-Manual Hello everyone, I'm in the process of rebuilding an old SJ410. I'm running into some issues and I desperately need to get my hands on a workshop manual. Suzuki Sj410 \| Suzuki Service Manual - http://www.suzukiservicerepairmanual.com/tag/suzuki-sj410/ This is the COMPLETE official FACTORY service manual for the SUZUKI SAMURAI SJ410 series vehicles. Production model years 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991. 1984 Suzuki sj410 Service/Workshop Manual - 4x4 Community Forum - http://www.4x4community.co.za/forum/showthread.php?t=86716 1984 Suzuki sj410 Service/Workshop Manual. Hi Guys Can someone help me with a hardcopy or an electronic version of a complete manual for my 1984 SJ410 please? 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THE FURROW COLLECTIVE Fathoms (Hudson) www.thefurrowcollective.co.uk Yer actual Britfolk supergroup excel. VARIOUS ARTISTS Two Niles To Sing A Melody (Ostinato) www.ostinatorecords.com Exemplary package of Sudanese gems. EMILYN STAM & FILIPPO GAMBETTA Shorelines (Borealis) www.borealisrecords.com Italian accordeon meets Canadian fiddle. FARA Times From Times Fall (Fara Music) www.faramusic.co.uk Orkney's finest keep on cooking. JOHN SMITH Hummingbird (Commoner) www.johnsmithjohnsmith.com Gorgeous album of mostly traditionals. HICKORY SIGNALS Turn To Fray (GF*M) www.hickorysignals.com Two-fifths of Bird In The Belly hit it true. BÂTON BLEU Weird And Wonderful Tales (DixieFrog) www.facebook.com/batonbleu Unclassifiable French originality. ASTRAKAN PROJECT Inês (Astrakan Project) www.astrakanproject.com Breton music meets Portuguese legend. JEAN-PHILIPPE RYKIEL & LANSINÉ KOUYATÉ Kangaba-Paris (Buda) www.budamusique.com Exquisite piano and balafon duets. JAUNE TOUJOURS Europeana (Choux De Bruxelles) www.choux.net World's finest 'Belgian mestizo' live band. THOM ASHWORTH Head Canon (Thom Ashworth) www.thomashworth.com Bass-toting champ of the NWOFBs. SUISTAMON SÄHKÖ Etkot Pectopah Ja Etnoteknoa (Kihtinäjärvi/ Nordic Notes) www.nordic-notes.de Finnish folk music goes wiggily forwards. For our live choices look for the symbol in the following News pages.	<urn:uuid:3e8e8cd0-49c3-4509-9e2e-7c899eb0adb9>	CC-MAIN-2019-26	http://choux.net/sites/default/files/JT%20181211%20fRoots%20423%20PLAYLIST.pdf	2019-06-16T09:09:39Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998084.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20190616082703-20190616104703-00285.warc.gz	38,827,792	435	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.622225	eng_Latn	0.622225	[ "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 1433 ]
Dallas Sierra Club The Compass www.dallassierraclub.org by Dallas Morning News writer Kathy A. Goolsby John Rath routinely beats his co-workers to the office, and he does it on a bicycle. The biggest problem in winter is there's less daylight,"said Mr., Rath, 46. I won't ride at night. It's just too dangerous, so I have to think aboutwhen I have to leave to make it home by dark." Mr. Rath lives in Grapevine and works at Frito-Lay on Legacy Drive in Plano,where he is manager of the company's employees' association, It's a 22 milecommute each way, and he traverses it on two wheels at least twice a week inwinter and more often in other seasons. His route takes him along State Highway 26 in Grapevine, which merges into State Highway 121 just past Grapevine Mills mall. From There, it's a straight shot through Lewisville to his office in Plano. Save our Seashore! WHAT: Camp-in and Sea Turtle Sandcastle Building Contest at Padre Island National Seashore WHEN: 3:00 PM Saturday, March 29-- Beach Clean-up 10:00am -2:00pm Sunday, March 30--Sea Turtle Sand Castle Contest 4:00 pm, March 30-Campfire Sing-a-Long WHY: Save the Turtles and Protest the Bush Administration's Reckless Destruction of our National Parks and Public Lands REGISTER BY MARCH 21! Call 512-477-1729 or go to www.texas.sierraclub.org The journey takes about an hour and 10 See "Grand Theft Bicycle" Page 7 See "Save Our Seashore" Page 1 We have a house call scheduled with the Dirt Doctor, Howard Garrett. See page 3 for details. The Compass A monthly publication of the Dallas Sierra Club Stop the Drilling! Save Our Seashore Camp-in at Padre Island National Seashore March 29-31 to protest drilling in our national park and the Bush Administration's destructive public lands agenda "Another part of me wants to go camp out on Padre Island and resist the bulldozers that are going to drill for gas on that island now that George Bush has given them permission. I want to resist." Saturday March 29 Beach Clean Up --Ann Richards in Texas Monthly, February 2003 Sierra Club is engaged in a fight to stop gas drilling on Padre Island National Seashore, and we need your help to send a message that is loud and clear to the Bush Administration-Don't mess with our public lands! Incredibly, BNP Petroleum has embarked on what it calls an "aggressive drilling campaign" in the park that could last 30 years! This spring, while critically endangered turtles are coming ashore to nest, BNP plans on having 18 wheeler trucks driving up and down the beach up to 200 times a week where the turtles lay their eggs! On March 29-31, hundreds of people who treasure this great national park and the critically endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtles that nest there will head for the beach in opposition to new drilling that will take place in the park and has been approved by the Bush Administration. In order to protest this callous destruction of our seashore and raise national awareness of the Administration's reckless agenda for our public lands, the Sierra Club is sponsoring a Camp-In and Sea-Turtle Sand Castle Contest along the beach route used by BNP's trucks. We'll use the event to call for a federal buy-out of the oil and gas rights underneath the park, like the buy-out that the Administration has proposed for a national park in the Florida Everglades. Schedule of Events: For all events, please park in the Malaquite Beach Parking Lot (across the bridge and about 20 miles south of Corpus Christi). A Sierra Club information and registration tent will be set up there. Please bring your own food, water, and supplies. Sorry, no pets allowed on the seashore. All activities are free and open to the public. Children are encouraged to participate. The Compass At 3:00, Sierra Club will lead a beachclean-up on the north end of the national seashore. Trash bags will be provided. Please bring heavy gloves and good shoes. Sunday, March 30 Sea Turtle Sand Castle Contest The Sand Castle contest will open at 10:00 AM on Sunday, March 30. Each participant will be assigned a plot on the beach to build their own unique and creative sea turtle sand castle. You may register for a plot as an individual, family, or organization. Judging will begin at 1:00 and the awards ceremony will begin at 2:00 PM. Water and light snacks will be provided, so please bring your own picnic lunch. Sunday, March 30 Camp-In You are encouraged to pitch your tent and stay overnight on the beach. There is a good chance that the BNP Petroleum trucks will be running early in the morning on Monday, and we'd like to be there to greet them and witness the destruction of the turtle sand castles. (You are also welcome to camp on the beach on Saturday night, March 29.) The Sierra Club will offer instructions on no-impact camping, which means leaving no trace when we leave. Please be sure to bring enough food and water for yourself and your family. Background: What's at Stake BNP Petroleum drilled a well last spring that took four months to complete and resulted in thousands of trucks driving up and down the beach during turtle nesting season. The company has received another permit to drill two more wells. The permit The seashore is home to 17 endangered or threatened species, including five kinds of sea turtles, foremost among them the Kemp's ridley, the most critically endangered sea turtle in the world. It is one of the most visited recreation area in Texas, drawing 800,000 visitors a year on average. Padre Island is the longest unbroken barrier beach in the U.S., and the longest undeveloped barrier beach in the world. See "Sea Shore" Allergenic GM Papaya Scandal How Prof. Joe Cummins uncovered the great scandal of how US regulatory agencies approved a GM papaya even though it carries a viral gene known to be a potential allergen. The possibility that genetically modified (GM) crops may introduce novel allergens has been raised by many critics, and as part of the approval process, potential allergens have to be identified before the crops are released commercially. But the GM papaya was approved despite a recent report [2] showing that the papaya ringspot virus coat protein is a potential allergen because it contained a string of amino acids identical to a known allergen. I contacted Dr. James Maryanski of the FDA by e-mail on 22 January, to alert him of the allergenic potential of the papaya virus coat protein and the relevant publication. In his reply (27 January), he wrote, Recently the United States regulatory bodies - Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA, APHIS), the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) united in approving the commercial production of "Sunset" transgenic papaya that's resistant to papaya ringspot virus. It is modified with a gene for papaya ring spot virus coat protein, the expression of which prevents the virus from replication by silencing the virus' own gene [1]. "Companies that may wish to submit new GM foods for FDA evaluation perform a regimen of tests to obtain safety data on these foods, the degree of similarity between the amino acid sequences in the newly introduced proteins of the GM food and the amino acid sequences in known allergens, toxins, and anti-nutrients." GAO believed that when the sequence of a transgenic protein is found to be similar to that of allergens, further studies would be carried out, at the very least, before the GM crop or product is commercially released. The US General Accounting Office (GAO) Report to Congress on Genetically Modified Foods [3] assured Congress and the public that the regimen of safety tests submitted to the FDA are adequate. "FDA and EPA are aware of this recently published paper, though we have not had an opportunity to fully assess the findings of the paper. FDA is conducting a review of available scientific literature and intends to use this information to prepare draft guidelines for industry. Please note that the traits used to confer resistance to viral disease in papaya See "Papaya" Page 7 March's Program ICO Highlights & Nature Photographers The opening program will be the annual year in review for the Inner City Outing's Program. New ICO Chair David McCalib will highlight this great Sierra Club program and tell us what the new year will bring. Also, please mark your calendar for April 9, 2003 when Howard Garrett, the Dirt Doctor, will get us all off to the right yard care and gardening start with his presentation: "Kicking the Chemical Habit." The main program will be by renowned nature photographer L.F. Van Landingham and his wife, Marbrey. L.F. has won many awards for his photos form such diverse locales as the Galapagos Islands and Bosque del Apache NWR, NM. He was also recently published in a book entitled "Best Amateur Photographers in America." L.F.'s partner for the March presentation, Marbrey Van Landingham, has spent a number of years taking her husband's photographs and using both technology and art to put the images to music. This is a dramatic and inspirational program you will not want to miss and is a perfect opportunity to bring a friend to their first Sierra Club meeting. LBJ Freeway Forest Lane Preston Road Tollway Monfort / Nuestra Harvest Hill Wozencraft Galleria Valley View E.D. Walker Vanguard School Page 3 March 2003 The Dallas Sierra Club's general meetings are held the second Wednesday of each month. Meetings are open to all interested persons. The meetings begin at 7pm at the E.D. Walker School on the corner of Montfort and Wozencraft, MAPSCO 15S. 1 2 The Compass March 2003 Volume 100, Issue 0303 The Compass is the monthly publication of the Dallas Regional Group of the Sierra Club. Members of the Dallas Group support The Compass and receive the publication as part of their membership benefits. Opt Out: You can download and view The Compass at any time from our web site at www.dallassierraclub.org. Just click on the 'Compass Online' link. If you don't want to receive The Compass by mail, you can opt out at the above web site location or by sending email to [email protected]. Include your name and member number. Or send your name and member number on a post card to Cancel Compass, Dallas Sierra Club, P.O. Box 800365, Dallas TX 75380-0365 Subscriptions: The Compass is available to nonmembers by subscription for $12 per year. To subscribe, send a check made payable to "Dallas Sierra Club" to: Newsletter Subscriptions: Dallas Sierra Club P.O. Box 800365 Dallas TX 75380-0365 Address Changes: To change your address, send you name, old and new addresses and member number to: Sierra Club Member Services PO Box 52968 Boulder, Colorado 80322-2968 or email the information to: [email protected] Submissions: Article and photograph submissions are always welcome. Please send submissions by the deadlines given in the General Calendar. Send submissions to the newsletter editor at the e-mail address and phone number listed on the back fold. © 2003 Dallas Sierra Club A. W i Attorney at Law Board Certified Civil Trial Law & Personal Injury Trial Law Texas Board of Legal Specialization 972•416•2500 Fax 972•417•0685 1120 Metrocrest, Suite 200 Carrollton,TX 75006 Dear Dallas Sierrans, I am privileged to serve as your new ExCom chair, and I am looking forward to an exciting year working with the ExCom and all the dedicated volunteers at the Dallas Sierra Club. The spirit of volunteerism is alive and well in our club and is manifest in many different ways. We have ICO volunteers who give of themselves to work with at-risk children, offering them opportunities for growth and teaching them an appreciation of the natural world and their place in it. We have Conservation advocates who work tirelessly to fight the good fight to protect the natural world that sustains us. We have Outings leaders who show us that being an environmentalist is as much about enjoying the outdoors as it is about working to protect it. And we have those unsung volunteers who work behind the scenes on fundraising and social events, budgets and paperwork - the kind of work without which our club could not function but which too often goes unacknowledged. Like every other non-profit, we have to raise money to finance our activities. Every hour spent in fundraising is an hour that can't be spent working with ICO kids, doing conservation advocacy, or leading outings. But a new opportunity has arisen: a challenge grant that will match donations to the Dallas group, dollar for dollar, up to a total of $1,000. This is a terrific opportunity to make your money work twice as hard and maximize our volunteers' time doing the work that they are so passionate about. Details are in this issue of the Compass and on the website. Thank you for all of the ways you support the Dallas Sierra Club! Ann Drumm Dallas Sierra Club Chair Waste Disposal, Recycling Company "Save $$$$ and make a difference" We Recycle: Cardboard • Paper products • Wood Metals • and More This means much less goes to the landfill. Why not spend less and do your part? We have sorters who make sure that everything goes to use. (214) 634-1831 Ask for Jerzy! www.dallasrecycling.net Fax (214) 634-0466 3303 Pluto Street Dallas, Texas 75212 March 2003 GENERAL CALENDAR 3/5 • 4/2 First Wednesday. Executive Committee Meeting 6:30PM at REI 2nd floor metting room (I-635 between Welch Road & Midway Road, MAPSCO 14Q), to discuss Club projects, policy and finances. All members are welcome to attend and participate. Call John Rath at 817-488-3489. 3/12 • 4/9 Second Wednesday. Sierra Club General Meeting 7:00-8:30pm in the auditorium at ED Walker School (Corner of Montfort & Wozencraft, MAPSCO 15S), come early to pick up activity materials and afterwords join the socializing at Juan's Cantina. 3/14 • 4/11 Second Friday. Deadline for electronic materials to be submitted to The Compass. E-mail [email protected] or deliver diskettes to editors during the General Meeting. 3/19 • 4/16 Third Wednesday. Outings Comittee Meeting 7:00PM REI (Mapsco 14Q), to discuss outings schedules and issues. All outings leaders, future outings leaders, and interested Sierrans are welcome. Call Mick Nolen at 972-991-9351 for more information. 3/24 • 4/21 Inner City Outings Meeting. Fourth Monday. 7PM at REI. Contact Liz Wheelan at (214) 739-2269. 3/26 • 4/23 Fourth Wednesday. Newsletter Party 7:00PM at the Chruchill Recreation Center at Hillcrest & Churchill Way (MAPSCO 15V). Help sort, bundle and label the newsletter. Socializing afterward. Contact Donna Evans at 972-222-6134. Volunteer of the Month Bill Beech doorsman, Bill has toured many parts of the world, including New Zealand. A mountain biker, skier, snowshoer, backpacker, canoeist, kayaker, and scuba diver, Bill passes on his knowledge and skills to others through his leadership in the Outings program. He is a model for other skilled and knowledgeable members who want to use the opportunities offered by our Outings program to grow personally and to help others grow as well. Bill has been actively involved in Outings for a couple of years, leading trips in Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado. He has a wonderful sense of humor and camaraderie which make his trips fun and enjoyable, and he leads with an easygoing confidence in his wilderness skills. If you haven't had a chance to go on one of his trips, sign up. If you have the experience and knowledge and are ready to take the step of becoming an Outings leader, sign up for some leadership training, as Bill did. The Dallas Sierra Club's Volunteer of the Month is Bill Beach, a member who has evolved from a participant in Outings to one of our stellar Outings leaders. An avid out- The Compass Announcements Help Wanted – Compass Ad Sales We're looking for a person to sell advertising in The Compass. We prefer a volunteer but are willing to consider paying a commission. For more information call Ann Drumm at 214-350-6108. Garage Sale Coordinator Needed One of our major fundraising events this year will be a garage sale, and we are looking for a volunteer with good organizational skills to lead the team. This is a great opportunity to meet other Sierrans and help the Dallas group with an essential fundraising event. Contact Ann Drumm at 214-350-6108. Sea Shore From Page 1 allows up to 40 heavy truck trips a day for the new wells. Bulldozers will plow a clearing through the fragile dunes to provide access to the well site, and the site will be visible from miles away. The drilling will create an intense amount of noise and result in the destruction of wetlands. Seashore and the turtles as it is to Big Cypress National Preserve in Florida. In May the Bush Administration proposed a $120 million buyout of privately held oil and gas rights below Big Cypress. Texans have every right to request that Padre Island receives that kind of protection as well. Get Involved! It's up to us to raise our voices and be heard, and show the country that even here in Texas, President Bush is out of step with the public's values on the environment. We can protect this national treasure and majestic piece of Texas' natural heritage. So come on down to Padre Island and make your voice heard! At times over the past two years it has been easy to get discouraged by the wholesale environmental destruction that the Bush Administration has gotten away with. But we have to remember that the vast majority of the American public strongly supports environmental protection, and doesn't support many of the Bush Administration's policies, environmental or otherwise. For more information about the camp-in, to sign up for volunteer activities (like distributing posters announcing the event or helping out at the event itself), obtain a power-point presentation to give to groups you are affiliated with, or to register for the camp-in and contest, contact the Lone Star Sierra Club at 512-477-1729, or e-mail [email protected]. The official "Sea Turtle Recovery Plan" for the Kemp's states that undue vibration of turtle eggs should be avoided because vibrations increase the likelihood of embryonic damage or mortality. BNPs 18-wheelers, which produce such vibrations, are a menace to the turtles. Despite intensifying efforts by turtle patrols to find every nesting event as it occurs, about half the ridleys nest and crawl back before the turtle patrols or the public come along, and an unknown number of nests are never detected at all. Three nests were not found in 2002 until hatching took place, and one of these was about a mile south of BNP's first gas well.Years of continual noise and vibrations from the trucks could make Padre Island inhospitable to sea turtles and undermine 25 years of work to establish a breeding population of Kemp's ridley at Padre Island. Sierra Club Legal Efforts After BNP began drilling its first well in February 2002, the Sierra Club went to court to stop it. We filed suit against Interior Secretary Gail Norton in April, and the case will be heard in federal court this spring. The Solution We want the Bush Administration to provide the same protection to Padre National Fred Richardson & Erin Rogers, Lone Star Chapter Challenge Grant Make Your Money Work Twice As Hard! Amember of our group has issued a challenge to other members: this member will match donations to the Dallas group dollar for dollar up to a total of $1,000. The Dallas Sierra Club, like every other volunteer organization, must conduct fundraising to finance its activities. Every volunteer hour spent on fundraising is an hour that can't be spent working with ICO kids, engaging in conservation activities, or leading outings. Help us be a more effective organization by supporting us financially, whether it's $5, $25 or more. There are two ways to contribute: (1) a tax-deductible contribution payable to the Sierra Club Foundation, which finances our educational work; or (2) a contribution payable to the Dallas Sierra Club Group to support our political activities, which are essential to our mission but which are not tax-deductible. Either way, 100% of your contribution will benefit the Dallas Sierra Club. Thanks for your support! Please write "Challenge" on the memo line of your check and mail it to: Dallas Sierra Club P.O. Box 800365 Dallas TX 75380 Mark your calendar for WEDNESDAY, APRIL 9, when Howard Garrett, "The Dirt Doctor" and North Texas' preeminent authority on organic gardening and landscaping, will get us all off to the right start with his presentation: "Kicking the Chemical Habit". If you would like to learn more about Howard Garrett and organic gardening then drop by his website at: www.dirtdoctor.com IMPORTANT CHAPTER EVENTS OK, fellow Sierrans, mark you calendars for these important dates where Sierrans from all over the state from our 18 groups can get together to meet and have fun on different events throughout the year. Details will be finalized as the dates approach. For info on these events, call the chapter office at 512-477-1729 or access the lone star chapter website. MARCH 2-3- (SUNDAY-MONDAY) LOBBY DAYS in Austin with environmental groups and Sierrans on key issues and bills important to our causes. Lodging available. JULY 19 -20 (SATURDAY-SUNDAY) CONSERVATION CONFERENCE AND AWARDS BANQUET Learn about chapter conservation priorities and join us that evening for a banquet which honors Sierrans, legislators, and media who have done great service for the club. Location to be announced. The Compass OCTOBER 17-19 (FRIDAY - SUNDAY ) SIERRA CELEBRATION at Lake Bastrop State Park near Austin at Bastrop. Outdoor fun with Sierrans at this neat location. More details forthcoming. March 2003 3 Buy Groceries & Help the Sierra Club If you shop at Tom Thumb - go to the service desk and get a reward card by giving them the Sierra Club #3941.They will explain how to use the card. If you shop at Kroger - pick up a Kroger card at the next General Meeting, or call George Zimmerman at (H) 972-315-2049 or email [email protected] to get a card mailed to you. Each time you use these cards to buy groceries, the club receives .05% of what you spend, PLUS the Sierra Club card gives you certain item specials. Sierra Club Outings www.dallassierraclub.org Backpacking Canoeing Car Camping Cycling Day Hiking Education Service Project Notice: To receive this outings list monthly via e-mail, send message to: [email protected] Type SUBSCRIBE OUTINGS LIST on the subject line. HOW THE OUTING PROGRAM WORKS Dallas Sierra Club Outings are open to members and non-members. Some trips may require special qualifications and capabilities. The leaders of each outing / trip are serving in a volunteer capacity and assume no responsibility above that of trip organizer. If you have a medical problem, it is your responsibility to inform the leader before the outing / trip. Outing / Trip leaders are encouraged to participate in training and classes to increase their skills, but they are not paid professionals. They will assist you within their limitations. It is the responsibility of the participant to be aware of any personal limitations before going on an outing. Radios and firearms are prohibited from all outings. Pets are not allowed unless specifically stated. All outings officially begin at the trail head or outing start point. Leaders cannot assign carpools, but may help coordinate ride sharing for energy conservation and to promote fellowship. All noncommercial transportation is the responsibility of the individual. Car-pooling is SOLELY voluntary, but the costs are shared. The usual method of sharing transportation cost is for all riders in the car, including the driver, to divide the cost of transportation equally. The recommended method of computing cost is to multiply round trip mileage by $0.13 a mile for small cars, $0.16 for large cars and $0.19 for vans. Before leaving, be sure this or some other method is agreed upon. Most outings require reservations. To participate in an outing contact the leader, who will decide if the trip you are interested in is suitable for you based on your capabilities and the demands of the trip. There is usually a limit to the number of people allowed on a given outing / trip. Reservations are necessary for outings unless otherwise noted. If you must cancel, inform the leader as soon as possible so that someone else can go in your place. Please respect the wishes of your leader who has volunteered his / her free time to allow you to go on the trip of your choice. If you have any questions, or if you are interested in becoming a leader, contact either the Outings Chair or the appropriate Outings Committee Coordinator on the newsletter back page. 4 MAR 1 (SAT) CROSS TIMBERS DAYHIKE Hike the best trail North Dallas has to offer! Walk ledge around the lake and through the trees. Lots of ups and downs on rugged dirt trail to get you in shape! Drive option 1: Meet at 8:15 a.m. at REI. Leader will not beat this car pool location so be sure you know way to trailhead. Go directly to Juniper Point West (JPW) trailhead on Hwy 377, 15 miles north of Whitesboro. Option 2: Meet leader PROMPTLY at 8:25 a.m. at Braums, SE intersection of Hwy 380 and 75 in McKinney. Option 3: If not carpooling, meet at 9:45 a.m. at trailend at Paw Paw Resort, follow signs off Hwy 377 and FM 901. Park at the boat ramp on left, very near the hiking trail sign. Leader will shuttle you over to JPW trailhead. Hike officially begins at 10:05 a.m. at JPW trailhead. Hike estimated 10 miles. Shorter 7.5 mile option: Meet at 11:20 a.m. at Cedar Bayou MARina, follow signs off Hwy 377. Extra credit loop: Hike 2 mile Lost Loop trail at lunchtime! Bring lunch and lots of water. Please be prompt. Rain Date is March 15. Leader: Stephanie Smith 214-544-1503. MAR 4-8 (TUE-SAT) BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK BACKPACK TRIP Spend five days hiking Mesa de Angilla in the western tip of the park. We will have time to visit most of the spectacular areas of the Mesa, including several of the best tinajas, the Sinkhole, the Rio Grande River, and an amazing view of Santa Elena Canyon. This trip is rated moderately strenuous. Because the hike starts on Tuesday, you can come early and spend a few days sightseeing before the hike. Leaders: Arthur Kuehne 214-902-9260(H) [email protected] Kathryn Littrell 214-321-4030(H) [email protected] MAR 7 (FRI) DEADLINEfor submission of outings to be listed in the March Outings List and April Newsletter. Contact Mick Nolen 972-991-9351 [email protected] Co-Leaders: Steve Longley 214-824-1128 [email protected] Marcos Jorge show up at Reunion Station. Leaders: Molly Rooke 214-369-6667 [email protected] Arthur Kuehne 214-902-9260(H) [email protected] Leader: Bill Greer 972-964-1781(H) [email protected]. MAR 8 (SAT) BICYCLE WHITEROCK LAKE Meet at 9:00am in the parking lot on Lawther 100 yards south of Mockingbird Ln. We will be riding about two hours. The out and back feature of this ride allows participants to ride their own pace. When you have been out about an hour, just turn around. Lunch at a nearby eatery. Leader: Bill Beach 214-824-4584 MAR 8 (SAT) WHITE ROCK LAKE CLEANUP Help clean up the Dallas Sierra Club's Adopted Shoreline. Meet at the For the Love of the Lake office parking lot on level below Eckerd's in Casa Linda Plaza (on Buckner facing Doctors Hospital, just north of Garland Road, Mapsco 38-J) at 8:00 AM for registration and refreshments. Leader: Carol Nash 214-824-0244 (H) [email protected] MAR 9 (SUN) MOSS PARK DAYHIKE NORTH DALLAS We'll meet at 1:00pm at Moss Park in Dallas to walk North to trail end at Hillcrest / LBJ. Then return along same route. Hike approx. 7 miles. Moss Park is at Greenville and Royal, entrance off Greenville. Leader: Stephanie Smith 214-544-1503 [email protected] MAR 8-9 (SAT-SUN) LITTLE MISSOURI RIVER BEGINNER BACKPACKING TRIP We will do a leisurely backpack of approximately 6 miles over 2-days along one of the most scenic backpacking trails in Southwest Arkansas. Because the trail follows the upper reaches of the Little Missouri River there is minimal elevation change, but do be prepared for cold-water stream crossings. There will opportunities for optional exploratory day hikes also. Drive up Friday night and return Sunday. Preference will be given to graduates of the Beginner Backpacking Class. MAR 15 (SAT) DART TO ART We'll visit the new Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth. But there is a catch. We'll do it entirely using Dallas and Fort Worth mass transit. If you live over a mile from the nearest bus or train stop, you can drive to that stop, but otherwise we will take DART, the Trinity Rail Express and the Fort Worth T to get to the museum. Meet at Reunion Station in downtown Dallas at 8:15 AM to catch the train to Fort Worth. Check the DART bus schedules at www.dart.org to find a bus or train that will get you to Reunion on time. We will leave Fort Worth in time to get back to Dallas before dark. When you get on the Dart bus or train, purchase a Premium day pass for $4. This is good for all of the buses and trains all day. The museum entrance fee is $8 and you will also need money for lunch. No need to sign up in advance, just March 2003 MAR 19 (WED) OUTINGS COMMITTEE MEETING Meet in the upstairs program room at REI (on north side of LBJ between Midway and Welch), at 7:00 PM. Bring your ideas for the Dallas Sierra Club Outings program. We will be planning summer outings and bus trips. All outings leaders, future outings leaders, and interested Sierrans welcome. MAR 8-9 (SAT-SUN) BACKPACK IN BLACK FORK WILDERNESS, AK This hike will take us to one of the most unique areas in Arkansas. We'll camp near the ruins of an old pioneer community, visit strange rock glaciers, and hike through a dwarf forest with 200 year old trees less than 20 feet tall. Start all of this off with a decadent Friday night at Queen Wilhelmina Lodge if you sign up early enough to get a room! Other decadent options are available if you don't. Rated moderate. Contact: Mick Nolen [email protected] 972-991-9351(H) Leader: Bill Beach MAR 21-23 (FRI-SUN) EXPLORE THE BOAT ROADS ON CADDO LAKE Canoe or Kayak this fascinating natural lake on the Texas-Louisiana border. We will car camp Friday and Saturday nights at a secluded Texas Parks and Wildlife Management area site. Saturday, we will spent most of the day on the water watching the beavers and other wildlife, lunching on an island and just enjoying the beautiful area. Sunday, we will be out paddling until lunch. Plan to be heading back to Dallas by 2:00PM. Limited canoe rentals are available from an outfitter less than a mile from our campsite. 214-824-4584 (H) MAR 22-23 (SAT-SUN) BEGINNER BACKPACKING TRIP on the CROSS TIMBERS TRAIL This is an easy hike along the surprisingly picturesque south shore of Lake Texoma. We'll drive up on Saturday morning (it's only about 90 miles from Dallas). We'll hike about 3-5 miles on Saturday and a bit less on Sunday. Preference given to participants in the Beginner Backpacking Class. Leader: Arthur Kuehne 214-902-9260 (H) [email protected] BEGINNER BACKPACK Flat landers beginner backpack on the southern half of the Four Cs National Recreation Trail in the Davy Crocket National Forest in east Texas. Five miles each day starting in the Big Slough Wilderness and hike south to Ratcliff Recreation Area. Priority to those attending Beginning Backpacking class. Leader: Laura Kimberly MAR 22-23 (SAT-SUN) FOUR C'S 972-307-8364 [email protected] MAR 28-31 - (FRI-MON) RALLY FOR THE RIDLEY'S CAMPOUT / SANDCASTLE CONTEST Join us for a long weekend in Padre near Corpus Christi. We are currently making arrangements to see the nesting ground of the most endangered sea turtles in the world, the Ridley. We hope to also visit the local aquarium and plan to camp on the beach on Mustang Island Friday and The Compass Saturday. On Sunday and Monday, we will move the camp to an area where Sierrans will meet with other environmentalists for a campout in another location of Padre where we can visit and see where oil companies are attempting to drill in Padre endangering their nesting habitat. There will be a Sandcastle Contest on Sunday with another event planned for Monday. Plans will firm up as we are making arrangements. Must be an experienced camper with your own (or rental) tent / or gear. If people are game, we may extend the trip on either side. Contact: Rita Beving 214-373-3808 972-991-9351 MAR 29-30 (SAT-SUN) BUFFALO NATIONAL RIVER TRAIL BACKPACK Explore the beginnings of the Buffalo National River Trail in northern Arkansas. We'll hike fifteen miles of beautiful trail winding through the hollows and bluffs of this protected area. Hike begins Saturday morning at the Steel Creek Campground on the banks of the Buffalo River. Saturday's travel will be about 9 miles. We will camp Saturday night in one of the many valley hollows that mark this area. Sunday, we will complete the journey by about 2:00 PM. Moderate difficulty due to the ups and downs. Waterfalls, wildlife and great views. Leader: Mick Nolen [email protected] APR 4 (FRI) DEADLINE for submission of outings to be listed in the March Outings List and April Newsletter. 972-991-9351 Contact : Mick Nolen [email protected] OKLAHOMA CHAPTER APR 5-6: BEECH CREEK SERVICE OUTING - Trail Maintenance -Beech Creek National Scenic Area near Big Cedar, OK. Rating: Moderate. Participants will camp at Cedar Lake (showers). Saturday mornig we'll eat a $2 all-you-can-eat group breakfast (pancakes & fruit), be briefed on the trail maintenance issues we'll be facing, trail maintenance techniques we'll be using and get our crew assignments. On Saturday night after showers we'll head in to Mena to eat at the Fish Net. Sunday morning is another $2 allyou-can-eat group breakfast (biscuits & gravy, hash browns) followed by a special activity. Information and a map of the Beech Creek trails can be found at http://www.fs.fed.us/oonf/oklahoma/hike/bctrail.html. Leader: Tom Libby [email protected] 972-964-1871(H) [email protected] APR 5-6 (SAT-SUN) BEGINNER BACKPACK, CANEY CREEK WILDERNESS, AK For years this has been our traditional beginner hike since itís the closest Wilderness Area to Dallas. Hike in about 4 miles for a camp near a nice waterfall. The rerouted trail now boasts a few small hills, but some nice scenery too! Moderate, suitable for most people in good health. Leader: Bill Greer APR 11-13 (FRI-SUN) CAMPING AND MOUNTAIN BIKE RIDING Camp Friday and Saturday nights at the Bar H Breaks Mountain Bike Ranch in St. Joe, TX. This beautiful 1000-acre ranch currently has The Compass over 21 miles of professionally developed mountain bike trails. These trails have been designed to accommodate riders of various abilities. Each trail is clearly marked. Fees are a modest $5.00 per day to ride and $5.00 per night to camp. Directions: Go north on I-35 to Gainsville, turn west on Hwy 82 to St. Jo, turn north on FM 2382, go 4.5 miles, turn left on Count Road 433 (gravel), go one mile to ranch. Leader: Bill Beach 214-824-4584 (H) APR 12-13 (SAT-SUN) BACKPACK TRIP TO BUCKEYE MT / CANEY CREEK Enjoy a spring backpack trip in western Arkansas. This is a favorite of the Sierra Club. We'll backpack a total of about 9 miles. The hike to camp is on a ridge and offers excellent views of the Caney Creek Wilderness. We'll set up camp near a waterfall. Leaders: Marcos Jorge Faith Mauk 972-394-2546 (H) [email protected] APR 12 (SAT) BICYCLE WHITEROCK LAKE TRAIL Meet at 9:00Am in the parking lot on Lawther 100 yards south of Mockingbird Ln. We will be riding about two hours. The out and back feature of this ride allows participants to ride their own pace. When you have been out about an hour, just turn around. Lunch at a nearby eatery. Leader: Bill Beach 214-824-4584 APR 12 (SAT) WHITE ROCK LAKE CLEANUP Help clean up the Dallas Sierra Club's Adopted Shoreline. Meet at the For the Love of the Lake office parking lot on level below Eckerd's in Casa Linda Plaza (on Buckner facing Doctors Hospital, just north of Garland Road, Mapsco 38-J) at 8:00 AM for registration and refreshments. Leader: Carol Nash 214-824-0244 (H) [email protected] APR 13 (SUN) DAYHIKE AT ERWIN PARK IN MCKINNEY Meet at 2:00 PM at Erwin Park for a great 8-mile hike. Short-cuts are available! Dirt trail with ups and downs. Directions: Take US-75 north to Hwy 380 in McKinney (exit 41). Go West 2.5 miles to TX1461. Go North 2.1 miles to County Road 162. Take a right at the sign for Erwin Park on CR 162. Turn right onto CR 164. Turn left at the park sign onto CR 1006.The entrance to Erwin Park is on the right .4 miles. Enter, go left and park at the first parking area. Leader: Stephanie Smith 214-544-1503 APR 13 (SUN) ANNUAL AZALEA DAYHIKE ALONG TURTLE CREEK Leisurely 1.5- or 2-hour walk. Suitable for children in strollers. Meet 2 PM in shopping strip on Oak Lawn (4200 block) just north of Wycliff, but park on side streets. Take Oak Lawn Exit off I35 or Fitzhugh exit off Central Expressway. No reservations needed. Leader: Austin Brouns 214-528-3812 (H) APR 16 (WED) OUTINGS COMMITTEE MEETING Meet in the upstairs program room at REI (on north side of LBJ between Midway and Welch), at 7:00 PM. Bring your ideas for the Dallas Sierra Club Outings program. We will be planning summer outings and bus trips. All outings leaders, future outings leaders, and interested Sierrans welcome. 972-991-9351 (H) Contact: Mick Nolen [email protected] APR 18-20 (FRI-SUN) BACKPACK THE EAGLE CREEK LOOP IN AK We'll take three days to hike one of the best trails in Arkansas. We will hike 8 to 12 miles per day for a total of about 27 miles. You will see the famous falls on the Little Missouri River and cross 9 spectacular mountains. This is the longest loop trail in Arkansas. It was developed along a 100-year-old postal route and old wagon roads. Because of all the mountains, 9 river crossings and numerous creek crossing, this trip is rated as moderately strenuous. Leader: Arthur Kuehne [email protected] 214-902-9260 (H) APR 26 (SAT) FOURTH ANNUAL WORLD'S LONGEST DAYHIKE If you're tough enough, or crazy enough, come and join your fellow Sierrans for a 22-mile dayhike on the White Rock Creek and White Rock Lake trails. Meet at 8:00 AM at the north end of the White Rock Creek trail in Anderson-Bonner Park, on Park Central Drive, just south of I-635 and east of Hillcrest (Mapsco 16-S). Park in the first parking lot south of the I-635 frontage road. We'll hike down to White Rock Lake, around it, and back. Bring your most comfortable walking shoes, Mole Skin, extra socks, water (water and bathrooms are available along the trail), lunch, and rain gear (if rain is in the forecast). We'll make a snack stop at the 7-11 near the White Rock Lake spillway. Optional dinner / funeral / foot replacement after the hike. Leader: Arthur Kuehne [email protected] 214-902-9260 (H) APRIL 26 (SAT) POST OAK PRESERVE CLEANUP Improve your Karma for Earth Day. Help clean up trash at the Dallas County Post Oak Preserve. We will clean up along a trashed-out country road then hike back through the Preserve enjoying the wildflowers and beautiful forest. Bring sturdy gloves as well as water, etc. We will supply the trash and recycling bags. Approx. 4 miles. Meet 9am at the Post Oak Preserve parking lot across from the DISD Environmental Education Center. Optional picnic, tour of EEC and reptile show afterwards. 1600 Bowers Rd. Seagoville 75159. Contact: Carol Nash [email protected] 214-824-0244 MAY 3-4 (SAT-SUN) BEGINNER BACK- WILDERNESS We'll hike about 9 miles total in one of the most beautiful areas of central Arkansas. We will hike along a ridge on the Buckeye Mountain Trail on Saturday, camp near a small waterfall Saturday night and hike out Sunday on the Caney Creek Trail. Leader: Arthur Kuehne 214-902-9260 (H) [email protected] March 2003 PACKING TRIP IN THE CANEY CREEK Sierra Singles Outings On Saturday, MARCH 15 join other Sierrans in a docent led tour of the new Eliot Porter photography exhibit, the Color of Wildness at the Amon Carter Museum in Fort Worth. Porter, a world renowned nature photographer, was a prominent leader in the Sierra Club during the 1960's and published several books in conjunction with the club to publicize preservation of our natural areas. Meet at 11:00 AM at the entrance to the gift shop inside the museum. The Carter Museum is located at 3501 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth 76107. Contact Person: Claudia Blalock, 817-924-6242 or 817-551-8044 (w). For more information, see Carter's website at www.cartermuseum.org On Sunday, MARCH 16 learn about wines at a wine tasting just for single Sierrans at Tony's Wine Warehouse in Dallas at 2904 Oak Lawn (214-5209463) 2:45 - 4:30 PM. This is a fund raiser for the Sierra Club. You will taste approximately 15 different wines and champagne and learn about their characteristics. Optional dinner may be planned afterwards if there is enough interest. You must sign-up and pay in advance for the winetasting by March 10. Please make checks for $20 per person payable to the FORT WORTH SIERRA CLUB and mail to Claudia Blalock, 2905 Benbrook Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76109 (phone 817-924-6242 or [email protected]). On Monday, MARCH 17 at 7:00 p.m. join us for dinner at I Fratelli restaurant, located at 7750 N. Macarthur Blvd. in Irving. Contact: Jenny Lehman. Contact for Sierra Singles information: Jenny Lehman, (817) 263-1357 or [email protected] MAY 3 (SAT) DAYHIKE AT THE DALLAS NATURE CENTER We'll hike 5-miles on dirt trails over hilly terrain. Meet at the DNC visitor center at 10:00AM or meet for car pooling at NorthPark Shopping Center behind Foly's at 9:15AM. This is the N.E. corner of the property near US-75 & Park Ln under the trees. The Nature Center is located 2.5 miles south of I-20 at 7171 Mountain Creek Parkway. Take the Mountain Creek Parkway exit off I-20 (between exits for Spur 408 and FM 1382, in Southwest Dallas County) and continue south. The entrance is on the right just south of where Wheatland Road intersects Mountain Creek Parkway. Bring hiking boots, water, and a change of shoes, if weather warrants. Optional TexMex restaurant lunch afterwards. No reservations necessary, just show up. Leader: Steve Longley 214-824-1128 Page 7 5 Last August, Dallas Sierra Club members sprang into action when they heard that a budget had been proposed which cut the residential recycling program as part of the many cuts proposed to balance their cash strapped budget. Sierrans were interviewed for TV news, put information on their web site, sent e-mails and letters, made phone calls to the mayor and council members, spoke at city hall and town hall meetings, and quickly put together information and an alternate proposal to save and improve recycling and waste management while saving money. This proposal was presented to the Dallas City Council and Mayor Laura Miller at her request. Conservation News www.dallassierraclub.org Dallas Recycling • Update • ent its recommendations the first week of April 2003. Massive outreach and education will be needed to convince some council members and citizens to make the needed changes for more effective, efficient and eco-friendly recycling and waste management in Dallas. We will need volunteers all over Dallas to help make this happen. WE NEED YOU! You don't need to know anything about recycling or garbage or to take much time, you just need an interest in helping make a positive difference. To volunteer, e-mail Molly Rooke at [email protected] or call at 214-369-6667. Thanks to this and to the huge public outcry, including LOTS of calls and e-mails from YOU, the City of Dallas scrapped its proposal to replace the citywide curbside recycling program with a subscription program where those who recycled would pay more than those who didn't. They kept the recycling program in place for the 2002-03 fiscal year, which began October 1. And if you're not already doing so, recycle and encourage your friends and neighbors to recycle! If you need to know more about your recycling day and materials in Dallas see www.timetorecycle.com/dallas.html or call 311. Recycling information for other DFW area cities can also be found at www.timetorecycle.com . Mayor Miller asked that a volunteer task force further study the issue and submit recommendations to her and the Dallas City Council for consideration. The Mayor's Recycling Task Force, including Sierrans and other recycling advocates, has been meeting for several months and will pres- If you missed Ann Drumm's excellent article in the October 2002 Compass, with more background on the 2002 Dallas recycling crisis and efforts, you can read it online in our archives at www.dallassierraclub.org. Molly Rooke Responsible Trade Chair Conservation Calendar MARCH 2-3 (SUNDAY - MONDAY) LOBBY DAY IN AUSTIN Join in on a workshop on how to lobby your local legislator including learning about conservation issues and bills near and dear to Sierra Club and the environmental community. We will then lobby on Monday. To learn more about lodging and the agenda, check our website, call Erin Rogers at the Austin office at 512-477-1725 or Rita Beving at 214-373-3808. MARCH 23 (SUNDAY) NEW!!!! CHINESE FOOD AND CONSERVATION CONVERSATION Join conservation member Zachary Hilbun in an informal chit chat over Chinese food about conservation issues. No set agendas- bring a topic you are concerned about or a recent news clipping to discuss. It's starts at 6 pm at China King Super Buffet on 12909 Midway — that's off Midway and LBJ (ph. 214-575-6017), on the southwest corner by the Interstate We are planning on turning this fun event into a regular monthly event if folks are interested. For more information, call Zach at 214-350-4207. MARCH 28-31 (FRIDAY- MONDAY) RALLY FOR THE RIDLEY'S CAMPOUT / SANDCASTLE CONTEST Join us for a long weekend in Padre near Corpus Christi. We are currently making arrangements to see the nesting ground of the most endangered sea turtles in the world, the Ridley. We hope to also visit the local aquarium and plan to camp on the beach on Mustang Island Friday and Saturday. On Sunday and Monday, we will move the camp to an area where Sierrans will meet with other enviromentalists for a campout in another location of Padre where we can visit and see where oil companies are attempting to drill in Padre endangering their nesting habitat. There will be a Sandcastle Contest on Sunday with another event planned for Monday. Plans will firm up as we are making arrangements. Must be an experienced camper with your own (or rental ) tent/or gear. If people are game, we may extend the trip on either side. To join us for all or part of the weekend, call Rita Beving at 214-373-3808. Advertise in the Compass today! Reach 4,000 of the most enviromentally conscious people in the Metroplex. Call Matt @ 214-575-6017 Dirty air chokes off Toyota facility move to DFW (Partially reprinted from the Ft. Worth Star Telegram) good-sized airport; access to two rail lines; and the political will and economic strength to put together a financial package .....Except for that little matter of air pollution; that was on the pre-screen list, too, and it was a deal-breaker. Well, according to the Ft. Worth Star Telegram, it was because of "Too much air pollution." That's right, bad air isn't just bad for your health and federal roadfunds. It's bad for business, too, and poses a threat to North Texas'economic engine." Did anyone hear that Governor Perry hailing Toyota coming to Texas to open an SUV manufacturing plant in San Antonio? Well, I bet you didn't hear this part. Toyota said they were inspired to come after they went to a Dallas Cowboys game and saw all the SUVs in the parking lot. Hmmmm.... wonder why they didn't come to Dallas / Ft. Worth? Toyota scratched the Metroplex off its shopping list early, the firsttime we've lost a high-profile project strictly because of air quality,according to several economic development officials. Here's a comment from one official concerning our air situation. "If we don't get our act together," said Dan Petty, president of the North Texas Commission, "it could have a catastrophic effect on our economy." Now who says econcomics aren't tied to the environment. Manufacturers have to consider the air pollution issue, too, because it could limit operations here. Some will surely conclude, as Toyota has, that the Metroplex is too risky for their new projects or even plant expansions. Petty said that local officials were gearing up to make a hard sell when they learned that Toyota had rejected the area. Toyota wasn't prohibited from building here. But it may have been forced to buy or trade for emission offsets, a process aimed at preventing the company from making the pollution problem worse. And it may have faced a political backlash from drivers, if the area had to impose tougher emission standards on cars. "It's just not worth the hassle for us," said Dennis Cuneo, a senior vice president who oversees site selection for Toyota in North America. Toyota had a list of pre-screening requirements, and North Texas met most of them easily. For its truck-making plant, it wanted up to 2,000 acres of vacant land; a solid infrastructure of roads and utilities; a According to a North Central Texas Council of Governments display at last year's State Fair of Texas, a typical automobile emits its weight in pollution every 10,000 miles! Clean Air Wednesdays highlights healthy alternatives related to how we get to work, that can significantly impact the quality of our environment, our personal health, and our financial well-being. Ask anyone who's tried it! Last year, recipients of a free month-long DART pass included former club chair John Rath, the manager of a major employees association; Doug Davis, a data operations executive and bike club president; Dr. George Wharton, medical director of a health rehabilitation center; Dianna Clark, an emergency family assistance senior caseworker; Maureen Moore, a preservation society boardmember; and David Gray, a March 2003 Missing out on the Toyota plant was a reminder of the Metroplex's near-miss on Boeing almost two years ago. Boeing's relocation search played out in the news media for months and promised the winner great prestige. But it included only about 300 jobs, with limited spinoff potential -- far less valuable than the Toyota plant. Toyota eliminated any area that violated federal health standards for ozone, which includes Fort Worth-Dallas, Houston and El Paso. That's probably because the painting facilities at most vehicle plants produce emissions that aggravate ozone pollution. Toyota plans to invest $800 million initially -- more than the new RadioShack and Pier 1 headquarters and the American Airlines Center combined -- and use 2,100 construction workers to build the plant. Then it will hire 2,000 plant employees and pay them roughly double the average manufacturing wage. Many of Toyota's workers will be high school graduates earning more than $50,000 a year, before benefits. At least another 5,300 spinoff jobs are expected to be created, and an independent study concluded that new payrolls tied to the plant will reach $8 billion over the next 25 years. DFW could have been a contender. But until we clean up our air, we might have to rethink our assumptions about our "great business climate." By the way, in the meantime, are you all aware of the Bush Administration bulldozing roll backs on air standards for industry, power plants, etc? Their answer is " If there aren't rules, there isn't a problem anymore." Never mind your health or quality of life. If you think this points out how politicians just don't get it locally or nationally about clean air, write them a letter and refer them to this story. Rita Beving Conservation Co-Chair senior software engineer. These were all great examples of individual actions at work! It's our individual decisions to choose lifestyle-alternatives to driving alone that can have the most significant impact on the quality the air we breathe. E-mail submissions to: [email protected] or mail to: Bud Melton, POB 141318, Dallas, TX 75214. Your decision could benefit you more than you imagine! How can you help? Pledge your own personal Clean Air Wednesdays actions at least once each week during the ozoneseason, then provide Dallas Sierra Club with a short article and photo depicting you saving air and money. Each month, one of these submissions will be published here in The Compass, and the lucky low-polluter will receive a free one-month DART pass, compliments of Dallas Area Rapid Transit! The Compass 6 Papaya Grand Theft Bicycle From the Cover minutes, which he said is less time than it takes to negotiate rush hour traffic along the same route. It was a lot easier before he moved to Grapevine seven years ago. have to admire somebody like that." "We used to live in Lewisville, and that was an easy 40 minutes," Mr. Rath said. "When we moved here, I thought, 'I can still do this'. It's only 10 more miles." Mr. Rath's addiction to cycling didn't begin until he was an adult. He's from a large family, which meant a lot of sharing and making do. I grew up in Buffalo, N.Y., one of seven kids,"he said. "I never had a real bike when I was a kid, just some semblance of a real bike. So when I was grown and working, I decided to buy one." When there's a high ozone alert day, I always try to ride my bike, "said Mr. Rath, who is president of the Dallas Sierra club, "I can be part of the problem or not, and I choose not to contribute to the problem." It not only saves on gas. But he gets a break on his car insurance-about $120 annually. From Page 1 Mr. Rath used a standard bike up until about a year ago, when he bought a Pocket Tour bike, which folds up and comes with its own case. The case has wheels and attaches to the back of the bike. So he can pack it with things he needs for the office. Mr. Rath earned a bachelor of arts degree in physical education and recreation from State University of New York, College at Brockport in 1979. He began riding to work about 1988, he said, in part because he hates traffic but also to help the environment. His wife, Debbie Rath, used to think her husband was a little crazy but now accepts his cycling endeavors as part of who he is. She and their children, 6-year old Sarah and 2-year old Charlie, sometimes join him on weekend rides using a card for the little ones. "He used to wear a sigh that said, 'Ozone Alert Day', And I was afraid some road rage guy would be up ahead waiting for him." She said. "But he doesn't wear it anymore. I think I hid the sign somewhere so he can't find it" Once at work, he showers in the employee fitness center where he keeps several changes of clothes. His boss, Sam Frenkil, said Mr. Rath's dedication to cycling fits with his job. Mr. Rath used to routinely pass Mr. Frenkil when the two lived about a mile apart in Lewisville. In fact, Mr. Rath said he could beat almost any car during rush hour, which he avoids even when he can't ride his bike. He'll Leave work before dawn and stay late at work rather than sit in traffic in his 1984 Nissan Sentra station wagon, which has logged about 160,000 miles. John manages our employees' association, which includes the fitness center, so this throws out a challenge to everybody to think about fitness and ways to attain it," said Mr. Frenkil, director of facilities and corporate services, "Yeah, there are some people who think John is crazy-until he passes them on the road and gets home before they do." To get started, he estimated it would take about $500 for a standard bike, a patchwork kit should a tire blow out, a helmet, a water bottle and other needs. "I was tired and had my head down, and I hit a parked truck that had broken down," Mr., Rath said. "I hit my shoulder and landed on my knee. But I was OK. Mrs. Rath, a special education teacher at Southlake High School, said she doesn't really worry about Mr. Rath commuting by bicycle- at least not any more. His bike is considered a vehicle, which gives him title to the road, he said, but he uses the wide shoulder on Highway 121 as much as possible.The worst problem he ever encountered was one of his own making. Shane Lewis, manager of the Grapevine Bike Center, said Mr. Rath is one of about four customers who ride to work. But none have as long a commute as Mr. Rath, who pedals past the shop on his way to and from the job. He once tried using a headset to listen to the radio on his bike, but found it too distraction. It kept him from enjoying the birds and the green grass, he said. And yes, there are days when Mr. Rath has to force himself to get up and climb on his bike. "Most commuters who use their bikes are within five to ten miles of their office, so he commutes longer than most," Mr. Lewis said. I see him go by almost every day. You "I think, Do I really want to do this?" But I know if I can do it, the rest of the day is going to be a piece of cake," he said. "And when I get to work, I've got the best parking space right outside the front door." The Compass are pesticidal traits (plant incorporated protectants) regulated by EPA, not by FDA." GAO seems to be woefully misinformed about the safety assessment of GM crops, and may have modeled itself after giant accounting corporations such as RD Anderson. So, I was sent off to EPA, and guess what I found. The EPA's public information stated that coat protein of papaya ringspot virus and the genetic material necessary for its production had been granted "an exemption from the requirement of tolerance" [4] in 1997, which essentially means it is exempt from safety assessment, based on the belief that the material was safe for consumption by humans and animals. No mention was made of recent study on the amino acid sequence of the virus protein. For its part, the USDA APHIS also awarded Sunset Papaya a non-regulated status [5] in 1996, because the reviewers believed that the GM crop was not harmful. This is a wakeup call for Congress and the public everywhere, who may have been misled into believing that GM food is the most strictly regulated of all foods, and that the US regulatory system is the best in the world. 1. Tennant P, Fermin G, Fitch M, Manshardt R, Slighton J and Gonsalves D. Papaya ringspot resistance of transgenic Rainbow and SunUp is affected by gene dosage, plant development, and coat protein homology. European Journal of Plant Pathology 2001, 107, 645-53. 3. United States General Accounting Office Report to Congressional Requesters "Genetically Modified Foods" GAO-02-566 May 2002. 2. Kleter G and Peijnenburg A. Screening of transgenic proteins expressed in transgenic food crops for the presence of short amino acid sequences identical to potential, IgE-binding linear epitopes of allergens. BMC Structural Biology 2002, 2, 8-19. 4. Rules and Regulations. Coat protein of Papaya Ringspot Virus and the Genetic Material Necessary for its Production; Exemption From the Requirement of a Tolerance. Federal Register August 22,1997 62, 44572-75. 214-824-4584 (H) MAY 23-27 (FRI-TUE) MEMORIAL DAY BUS TRIP to the GILA WILDERNESSJoin bus trip to the Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument in southwest New Mexico. If you want a leisurely Memorial Day, you can camp right where the bus drops you and enjoy short hikes to cliff dwellings and hot springs, or you might choose easy to moderate backpack trips to camp in meadows or mesas. Serious hikers will be able to traverse rivers, forests, and mesas, seeing glorious scenery and back country hot springs. Our chartered sleeper bus will leave Dallas at 4:30 PM on Friday, May 23 and return at about 5:00 AM on Tuesday, May 27. More details to come. Contact: Mick Nolen [email protected] SEP 7-12 (SUN-FRI) HIGH SIERRA FLYFISHING The search of the elusive California golden trout requires a strenuous backpack trip of about 35 miles in the Ansel Adams Wilderness. Brookies, rainbows and browns will also be sought. This flyfishing trip is from Devil Post Pile to Tuolumne Meadows on the JMT. The trip is rated as strenuous and is only for those who have had extended backpack trips in bear country. Bear resistant canisters are required for food storage. A California nonresident fishing license and trout stamp is required for angling. There is a nonrefundable fee of $5.00 for the wilderness permit. The check must be received by FEB 21, 2003 to meet the permit deadline. The trip is limited to 6 experienced backpackers. Contact the leaders who will determine if you qualify for the trip. Leaders: Marcos Jorge Steve Longley 972-394-2546 (H) [email protected] 5. USDA-APHIS Petition 96-051-01P for the determination of nonregulated status for transgenic sunset papaya Lines 55-1 and 63-1 Finding of No Significant Impact September 1996. OCT 10-19 (FRI-SUN) KAYAK THE LOWER CANYON OF THE RIO GRANDE Spend eight days exploring this remote stretch of the Rio Grande, put in at La Linda and take out at Dryden. We will hike side canyons, explore caves, view petroglyphs, soak in hot springs and maybe run some rapids (class II-III). This is an isolated area. The only way out is down the river. The trip distance is approximately 84 beautiful miles. Multi-day kayak experience is required. The group size will be small. Sign up early. 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Contact FVG GmbH & Co. KG Daimlerstraße 17 D 27793 Wildeshausen Tel: +49 (0) 44 31 – 74818 – 0 Fax: +49 (0) 44 31 – 74818 – 20 Mail: [email protected] www.fvg-fahrzeugbau.com Map Load factor (maximum) 4x 3x 2x Technical specification Length TU/Trailer ~6.116 mm / ~9.500 mm Height TU/Trailer from ~950 mm / ab ~870 mm Width TU/Trailer ~2.550 mm / ~2.550 mm Body weight TU/Trailer from ~1.300 kg / ~6.700 kg Total weight TU/Trailer ~18 t – 24 t / ~25 t TruckLiner The giant for truck-transport • Optimal adjustment of frame • Maximum payload and loading height • Long lifetime • High efficiency • Flexible platforms, lowered load tracks FVG - Our company: We are your specialist for the construction of vehicles for the transport of rolling cargo. We will advise you in implementing your specific vehicle requirements. Adherence to delivery and good customer service are self evident. Take advantage of our innovative ideas and new products!	5f1e9525-1fe4-4442-ba3a-c8af92260bd5	CC-MAIN-2024-46	https://www.fvg-fahrzeugbau.com/fileadmin/Produkte/TruckLiner/PublikationTL-e_2017_HP.pdf	2024-11-02T08:51:37+00:00	s3://commoncrawl/cc-index/table/cc-main/warc/crawl=CC-MAIN-2024-46/subset=warc/part-00168-65a16d46-7179-4f3c-849a-3216b203b23b.c000.gz.parquet	755,298,037	287	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.439492	eng_Latn	0.605962	[ "pol_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	true	docling	[ 220, 960 ]
Detecting the Moment of Learning Ryan S.J.d. Baker\textsuperscript{1}, Adam B. Goldstein\textsuperscript{2}, Neil T. Heffernan\textsuperscript{2} \textsuperscript{1} Department of Social Science and Policy Studies, Worcester Polytechnic Institute 100 Institute Road, Worcester MA 01609, USA [email protected] \textsuperscript{2} Department of Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute 100 Institute Road, Worcester MA 01609, USA [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. Intelligent tutors have become increasingly accurate at detecting whether a student knows a skill at a given time. However, these models do not tell us exactly at which point the skill was learned. In this paper, we present a machine-learned model that can assess the probability that a student learned a skill at a specific problem step (instead of at the next or previous problem step). Implications for knowledge tracing and potential uses in “discovery with models” educational data mining analyses are discussed, including analysis of which skills are learned gradually, and which are learned in “eureka” moments. Keywords: Educational Data Mining, Bayesian Knowledge Tracing, Student Modeling, Intelligent Tutoring Systems 1 Introduction In recent years, educational data mining and knowledge engineering methods have led to increasingly precise models of students’ knowledge as they use intelligent tutoring systems. The first stage in this progression was the development of Bayes Nets and Bayesian frameworks that could infer the probability that a student knew a specific skill at a specific time from their pattern of correct responses and non-correct responses (e.g. errors and hint requests) up until that time [cf. 13, 18, 25]. In recent years, a second wave of knowledge modeling has emerged, which attempts to predict student knowledge more precisely based on information beyond just correctness. Beck et al [8] differentiated help requests from errors – however, doing so did not significantly improve predictive power. Baker, Corbett, & Aleven [3, 4] extended Bayesian Knowledge Tracing with contextualized estimation of the probability that the student guessed or slipped, leading to better prediction of future correctness. More recent work has suggested that the exact framework from [3, 4] leads to poorer prediction of post-test scores, but that information on contextual slip can be used in other fashions to predict post-test scores more precisely than existing methods [6]. Other knowledge tracing frameworks have attempted to model performance on problems or problem steps that involve multiple skills at the same time [cf. 21, 22], and have focused on predicting a student’s speed of response in addition to just correctness [cf. 20]. Creating more precise models of student learning has several benefits. First of all, to the extent that student practice is assigned based on knowledge assessments [cf. more precise knowledge models will result in better tailoring of practice to individual student needs [cf. 10]. Second, models of student knowledge have become an essential component in the development of models of student behavior within intelligent tutoring systems, forming key components of models of many constructs, including models of appropriate help use [1], gaming the system [5, 27], and off-task behavior [2, 11]. More precise knowledge models can form a more reliable component in these analyses, and reduce the noise in these models. However, while these extensions to educational data mining have created the potential for more precise assessment of student knowledge at a specific time, these models do not tell us when the knowledge was acquired. In this paper, we will introduce a model that can infer the probability that a student learned a skill at a specific step during the problem-solving process. Note that this probability is not equal to P(T) in standard Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (a full explanation will be given later in this paper). Creating a model that can infer this probability will create the potential for new types of analyses of student learning, as well as making existing types of analyses easier to conduct. For example, this type of approach may allow us to study the differences between gradual learning (such as strengthening of a memory association [cf. 20]) and learning given to “eureka” moments, where a skill is suddenly understood [cf. 17]. Do different skills lead to each type of learning? To give another example, studying which items are most effective (and in which order they are most effective) [cf. 9, 23] will be facilitated with the addition of a concrete numerical measure of immediate learning. Similarly, studying the relationship between behavior and immediate learning is more straightforward with a concrete numerical measure of immediate learning. Prior methods for studying these relationships have required either looking only at the single next performance opportunity [cf. 12], a fairly coarse learning measure, or have required interpreting the difference between model parameters in Bayesian Knowledge Tracing [cf. 8], a non-trivial statistical task. Creating models of the moment of learning may even enable distinctions between behaviors associated with immediate learning and behaviors associated with learning later on, and enable identification of the antecedents of later learning. For example, perhaps some types of help lead to better learning, but the difference is only seen after additional practice has occurred. In the following sections, we will present an approach for labeling data in terms of student immediate learning, a machine-learned model of student immediate learning (and indicators of goodness of fit), and an example of the type of “discovery with models” analysis that this type of model enables. In that analysis, we will investigate whether learning is differentially “spiky” between different skills, with learning occurring abruptly for some skills, and more gradually for other skills. ## 2 Data The analyses discussed in this paper are conducted on data from 232 students’ use of a Cognitive Tutor curriculum for middle school mathematics [16], during the 2002-2003 school year. All of the students were enrolled in mathematics classes in one middle school in the Pittsburgh suburbs which used Cognitive Tutors two days a week. as part of their regular mathematics curriculum, year round. None of the classes were composed predominantly of gifted or special needs students. The students were in the 6th, 7th, and 8th grades (approximately 12-14 years old), but all used the same curriculum (it was an advanced curriculum for 6th graders, and a remedial curriculum for 8th graders). Each of these students worked through a subset of 35 different lessons within the Cognitive Tutor curriculum, covering a diverse selection of material from the middle school mathematics curriculum. Middle school mathematics, in the United States, generally consists of a diverse collection of topics, and these students’ work was representative of that diversity, including lessons on combinatorics, decimals, diagrams, 3D geometry, fraction division, function generation and solving, graph interpretation, probability, and proportional reasoning. These students made 581,785 transactions (either entering an answer or requesting a hint) on 171,987 problem steps covering 253 skills. 290,698 additional transactions were not included in either these totals or in our analyses, because they were not labeled with skills, information needed to apply Bayesian Knowledge Tracing. 3 Detecting the Moment of Learning In this paper, we introduce a model that predicts the probability that a student has learned a specific skill at a specific problem step. We refer to this probability as $P(J)$, short for “Just Learned”. This model is developed using a procedure structurally similar to that in [3, 4], using a two-step process. First, predictions of student knowledge from standard Bayesian Knowledge Tracing are combined with data from future correctness and applications of Bayes’ Theorem. This process generates labels of the probability that a student learned a skill at a specific problem step. Then a model is trained, using a broader feature set with absolutely no data from the future, to predict the labeled data. 3.1 Labeling Process The first step of our process is to label each first student action on a step in the data set with the probability that the student learned the skill at that time, to serve as inputs to a machine learning algorithm. We label each student problem step ($N$) with the probability that the student learned the skill at that step. Specifically, our working definition of “learning at step $N$” is learning the skill between the instant after the student enters their first answer for step $N$, and the instant that the student enters their first answer for step $N+1$. We label step $N$ using information about the probability the student knew the skill before answering on step $N$ (from Bayesian Knowledge Tracing) and information on performance on the two following steps ($N+1$, $N+2$). Using data from future actions gives information about the true probability that the student learned the skill during the actions at step $N$. For instance, if the student probably did not know the skill at step $N$ (according to Bayesian Knowledge Tracing), but the first attempts at steps $N+1$ and $N+2$ are correct, it is relatively likely that the student learned the skill at step Correspondingly, if the first attempts to answer steps \( N+1 \) and \( N+2 \) are incorrect, it is relatively unlikely that the student learned the skill at step \( N \). We assess the probability that the student learned the skill at step \( N \), given information about the actions at steps \( N+1 \) and \( N+2 \) (which we term \( A_{+1+2} \)), as: \[ P(J) = P(\sim L_n \land T \| A_{+1+2}) \] Note that this probability is assessed as \( P(\sim L_n \land T) \), the probability that the student did not know the skill and learned it, rather than \( P(T) \). Within Bayesian Knowledge Tracing, the semantic meaning of \( P(T) \) is actually \( P(T \| \sim L_n) \): \( P(T) \) is the probability that the skill will be learned, if it has not yet been learned. \( P(T) \)'s semantics, while highly relevant for some research questions [cf. 8, 16], are not an indicator of the probability that a skill was learned at a specific moment. This is because the probability that a student learned a skill at a specific step can be no higher than the probability that they do not currently know it. \( P(T) \), however, can have any value between 0 and 1 at any time. For low values of \( P(L_n) \), \( P(T) \) will approximate the probability that the student just learned the skill \( P(J) \), but for high values of \( P(L_n) \), \( P(T) \) can take on extremely high values even though the probability that the skill was learned at that moment is very low. We can find \( P(J) \)'s value with a function using Bayes’ Rule: \[ P(\sim L_n \land T \| A_{+1+2}) = \frac{P(A_{+1+2} \| \sim L_n \land T) * P(\sim L_n \land T)}{P(A_{+1+2})} \] The base probability \( P(\sim L_n \land T) \) can be computed fairly simply, using the student’s current value for \( P(\sim L_n) \) from Bayesian Knowledge Tracing, and the Bayesian Knowledge Tracing model’s value of \( P(T) \) for the current skill: \[ P(\sim L_n \land T) = P(\sim L_n)P(T) \] The probability of the actions at time \( N+1 \) and \( N+2 \), \( P(A_{+1+2}) \), is computed as a function of the probability of the actions given each possible case (the skill was already known, the skill was unknown but was just learned, or the skill was unknown and was not learned), and the contingent probabilities of each of these cases. \[ P(A_{+1+2}) = P(A_{+1+2} \| L_n)P(L_n) + P(A_{+1+2} \| \sim L_n \land T)P(\sim L_n \land T) \\ + P(A_{+1+2} \| \sim L_n \land \sim T)P(\sim L_n \land \sim T) \] The probability of the actions at time \( N+1 \) and \( N+2 \), in each of these three cases, is a function of the Bayesian Knowledge Tracing model’s probabilities for guessing (\( G \)), slipping (\( S \)), and learning the skill (\( T \)). Correct answers are notated with a \( C \) and non-correct answers (e.g. errors or help requests) are notated with a \( \sim C \). \[ P(A_{+1+2} = C, C \| L_n) = P(\sim S)^2 \quad P(A_{+1+2} = C, \sim C \| L_n) = P(S)P(\sim S) \\ P(A_{+1+2} = \sim C, C \| L_n) = P(S)P(\sim S) \quad P(A_{+1+2} = \sim C, \sim C \| L_n) = P(S)^2 \\ P(A_{+1+2} = C, C \| \sim L_n \land T) = P(\sim S)^2 \quad P(A_{+1+2} = C, \sim C \| \sim L_n \land T) = P(S)P(\sim S) \\ P(A_{+1+2} = \sim C, C \| \sim L_n \land T) = P(S)P(\sim S) \quad P(A_{+1+2} = \sim C, \sim C \| \sim L_n \land T) = P(S)^2 \\ P(A_{+1+2} = C, C \| \sim L_n \land \sim T) = P(G)P(\sim T)P(G) + P(G)P(T)P(\sim S) \] \[ P(A_{1+1,2} = C, \sim C \| \sim L_n, \sim T) = P(G)P(\sim T)P(\sim G) + P(G)P(T)P(S) \] \[ P(A_{1+1,2} = \sim C, C \| \sim L_n, \sim T) = P(\sim G)P(\sim T)P(G) + P(\sim G)P(T)P(\sim S) \] \[ P(A_{1+1,2} = \sim C, \sim C \| \sim L_n, \sim T) = P(\sim G)P(\sim T)P(\sim G) + P(\sim G)P(T)P(S) \] Once each action is labeled with estimates of the probability \(P(J)\) that the student learned the skill at that time, we use these labels to create machine-learned models that can accurately predict \(P(J)\) at run-time. The original labels of \(P(J)\) were developed using future knowledge, but the machine-learned models predict \(P(J)\) using only data about the action itself (no future data). ### 3.2 Features For each problem step, we used a set of 25 features describing the first action on problem step \(N\). The features used in the final model are shown in Table 1. 23 of those features were previously distilled to use in the development of contextual models of guessing and slipping [cf. 3, 4]. These features had in turn been used in prior work to develop automated detectors of off-task behavior [2] and gaming the system [5]. The 24\textsuperscript{th} and 25\textsuperscript{th} features were used in prior models of gaming the system and off-task behavior, but not in prior contextual models of guessing and slipping. These features are the probability that the student knew the skill before the first attempt on action \(N\), \(P(L_{n-1})\), and the probability that the student knew the skill after the first attempt on action \(N\), \(P(L_n)\). There are some arguments against including these features, as \(P(\sim L_n)\) is part of the construct being predicted, \(P(\sim L_n \land T)\). However, the goal of this model is to determine the probability of learning, moment-by-moment, and the students’ current and previous knowledge levels, as assessed by Bayesian Knowledge Tracing, are useful information towards this goal. In addition, other parameters in the model will be more interpretable if these terms are included. Without these terms, it would be difficult to determine if a parameter was predicting \(T\) or \(\sim L_n\). With these terms, we can have greater confidence that parameters are predictive of learning (not just whether the skill was previously unknown), because \(L_n\) is already accounted for in the model. However, in accordance with potential validity concerns stemming from including \(P(L_{n-1})\) and \(P(L_n)\) in the model, we will also present goodness-of-fit statistics from a model not including these features. While it is possible that features tailored to researchers’ intuitions of what sorts of behaviors ought to predict moment-to-moment learning might perform better than these re-used features, the repeated utility of these features in model after model suggests that these features capture constructs of general applicability. Nonetheless, it will be valuable to consider additional features in future models of \(P(J)\). An additional aspect to consider with regards to the features is which actions the features are distilled for. As these features involve the first action at problem step \(N\), they represent the student’s behavior at the moment right before learning, more than the student’s behavior exactly at the moment of learning (which takes place in our model after the first action of problem step \(N\) and before the first action of problem step \(N+1\), as previously discussed). As such, the model’s features should perhaps be interpreted as representing immediate antecedents of the moment of learning, as opposed to the exact characteristics of the moment of learning itself. Despite this limitation of our feature set, the model is still accurate at identifying the moment of learning (as discussed below). However, extending the model with a new set of features relevant to subsequent actions on problem step $N$ (e.g. the second action to the last action) may improve model accuracy and interpretability. ### 3.3 Machine Learning Given the labels and the model features for each student action within the tutor, two machine-learned models of $P(J)$ were developed. As discussed above, one model used all 25 features, the other model only used the 23 features from [3, 4]. Linear regression was conducted within RapidMiner [19]. All reported validation is batch 6-fold cross-validation, at the student level (e.g. detectors are trained on five groups of students and tested on a sixth group of students). By cross-validating at this level, we increase confidence that detectors will be accurate for new groups of students. Linear Regression was tried both on the original feature sets and on interaction terms of the features; slightly better cross-validated performance was obtained for the original feature sets, and therefore we will focus on the models obtained from this approach. ### 3.4 Results The model with 25 features, shown in Table 1, achieved a correlation of 0.446 to the labels, within 6-fold student-level cross-validation. The model with only 23 features achieved a weaker correlation of 0.301. We can compute the statistical significance of the difference in correlation in a way that accounts for the non-independence between students, by computing a test of the significance of the difference between two correlation coefficients for correlated Table 1. The machine learned model of the probability of learning at a specific moment. In the unusual case where output values fall outside the range {0,1}, they are bounded to 0 or 1. \| Feature \| $P(J) =$ \| \|------------------------------------------------------------------------\|----------------\| \| Answer is correct \| - 0.0023 \| \| Answer is incorrect \| + 0.0023 \| \| Action is a help request \| - 0.00391 \| \| Response is a string \| + 0.01213 \| \| Response is a number \| + 0.01139 \| \| Time taken (SD faster (-) / slower (+) than avg across all students) \| + 0.00018 \| \| Time taken in last 3 actions (SD off avg across all students) \| + 0.000077 \| \| Total number of times student has gotten this skill wrong total \| - 0.000073 \| \| Number of times student requested help on this skill, divided by number of problems \| - 0.00711 \| \| Number of times student made errors on this skill, divided by number of problems \| + 0.0013 \| \| Total time taken on this skill so far (across all problems), in seconds \| + 0.0000047 \| \| Number of last 5 actions which involved same interface element \| - 0.00081 \| \| Number of last 8 actions that involved a help request \| + 0.00137 \| \| Number of last 5 actions that were wrong \| + 0.00080 \| \| At least 3 of last 5 actions involved same interface element & were wrong \| - 0.037 \| \| Number of opportunities student has already had to use current skill \| - 0.0000075 \| \| F24: The probability the student knew the skill, after the current action ($L_n$) \| - 0.053 \| \| F25: The probability the student knew the skill, before the current action ($L_{n-1}$) \| + 0.00424 \| \| Constant Term \| + 0.039 \| samples [cf. 14] for each student, and then aggregating across students using Stouffer’s Z [23]. According to this test, the difference between the two models is highly statistically significant, $Z=116.51$, $p<0.0001$. Although correlation was acceptable, one limitation of this model is that it tended to underestimate values of $P(J)$ that were relatively high in the original labels. While these values remained higher than the rest of the data (hence the model’s reasonable correlation to the labels), they were lower, in absolute terms, than the original labels. This problem could be addressed by weighting the (rarer) high values more heavily during model-fitting, although this approach would likely reduce overall correlation. As with any multiple-parameter linear regression model (and most other model frameworks as well), interpretability of the meaning of any parameter in specific is not entirely straightforward. This is because every parameter must be considered in the context of all of the other parameters – often a feature’s sign can flip based on the other parameters in the model. Hence, significant caution should be taken before attempting to interpret specific parameters as-is. It is worth noting that approaches that attempt to isolate specific single features [cf. 8] are significantly more interpretable than the internal aspects of a multiple parameter regression model such as this one. It is also worth remembering that these features apply to the first action of problem step $N$ whereas the labels pertain to the student’s learning between the first action of problem step $N$ and the first action of problem step $N+1$. Hence, the features of this model can be interpreted more as representing the antecedents of the moment of learning than as representing the moment of learning itself – though they do accurately predict the moment of learning. One interesting aspect of this model (and the original labels) is that the overall chance of learning a skill on any single step is relatively low within this tutor. However, there are specific circumstances where learning is higher. Many of these circumstances correlate to time spent, and the student’s degree of persistence in attempting to respond. Larger numbers of past errors appear to predict more current learning than larger numbers of past help requests, for instance. This result appears at a surface level to be in contrast to the findings from [8], but is potentially explained by the difference between learning from requesting help once – the grain-size studied in [8] – and learning from requesting the same help sequence many times. It may be that learning from errors [cf. 26] is facilitated by making more errors, but that learning from help does not benefit from reading the same help multiple times. 4 Studying the Spikiness of Student Learning A key way that the model presented here can be scientifically useful is through its predictions, as components in other analyses. Machine-learned models of gaming the system, off-task behavior, and contextual slip have proven useful as components in many other analyses [cf. 2, 12, 27]. Models of the moment of student learning may turn out to be equally useful. One research area that models of the moment of student learning may shed light on is the differences between gradual learning (such as strengthening of a memory association [cf. 20]) and learning given to “eureka” moments, where a skill is understood suddenly [cf. 17]. Predictions of momentary learning for a specific student and skill can be plotted, and graphs which are “spiky” (e.g. which have sudden peaks of learning) can be distinguished from flatter graphs, which indicate more gradual learning. Examples of students experiencing gradual learning and eureka learning are shown in Figure 1. Note that the graph on the left in Figure 1 shows two spikes, rather than just one spike, a fairly common pattern in our data. Understanding why some spiky graphs have two spikes, and others have just one, will be an important area for future investigation. The degree to which learning involves a eureka moment can be quantified through a measure of “spikiness”, defined as the maximum value of $P(J)$ for a student/skill pair, divided by the average value of $P(J)$ for that same student/skill pair. This measure of spikiness is bounded between 1 (minimum spikiness) and positive infinity (maximum spikiness). Spikiness may be influenced by the number of opportunities to practice a skill, as more opportunities may (by random variation) increase the potential maximum value of $P(J)$. Therefore, to compare spikiness between skills, we only consider skills practiced at least 6 times, and only consider the first 20 steps relevant to that skill. Spikiness values range for skills between \{1.12, 113.52\}, M=8.55, SD=14.62. A valuable area of future work would be to study what characterizes the skills that have high spikiness and low spikiness. Spikiness values range for students between \{2.22, 21.81\}, M=6.81, SD=3.09, considerably less spikiness (on the whole) than the differences in spikiness seen between skills. Interestingly, however, a student’s spikiness is a good predictor of their final knowledge; the correlation between a student’s average final $P(L_n)$ and their average spikiness is a very high 0.71, which is statistically significantly different than chance, F(1,228)=230.19, p<0.0001. This result suggests that learning spikes may be an early predictor of whether a student is going to achieve good learning of specific material. 5 Discussion and Conclusions In this paper, we have presented a first model of $P(J)$, the probability that a student learned a specific skill on a specific opportunity to practice and learn that skill. Though this model builds off of past attempts to contextualize student modeling [e.g., 3, 4] and to study the impact of different events on learning [e.g., 8, 23], this model is distinct from prior models of student learning, focusing on assessing the likelihood of learning on individual problem steps. We show that the model achieves acceptable correlation to the labels of this construct; there is still considerable room for improvement, potentially achievable through broadening the feature set. We also show that the model’s assessments of $P(J)$ can be used to distill a secondary measure, the “spikiness” of learning, defined as the maximum momentary learning, divided by the average momentary learning. We find that a student’s spikiness is an excellent predictor of their final knowledge, and that skills have greater variance in spikiness than students. Studying which aspects of skills predicts spikiness may be a valuable tool for further research into what types of skills are learned gradually or through “eureka” experiences. In addition, given the correlation between spikiness and final knowledge, models of $P(J)$ are likely to prove useful for student knowledge modeling, as contextual guess and slip have been [e.g., 3, 4], and in the long term may lead to more effective adaptation by Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Acknowledgements. This research was supported via NSF grant award number DGE0742503, by the Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center, NSF award number SBE-0836012, and by U.S. Department of Education program grant #R305A070440. References 1. Aleven, V., McLaren, B., Roll, I., Koedinger, K.: Toward meta-cognitive tutoring: A model of help seeking with a Cognitive Tutor. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Education, 16, 101-128 (2006). 2. Baker, R.S.J.d. Modeling and Understanding Students’ Off-Task Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. In: Proc. ACM CHI: Computer-Human Interaction, 1059-1068 (2007). 3. 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Pavlik, P.I., Cen, H., Koedinger, K.R.: Performance Factors Analysis – A New Alternative to Knowledge Tracing. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 531-538 (2009). 22. Pardos, Z., Beck, J.E., Ruiz, C., Heffernan, N.T.: The Composition Effect: Conjunctive or Compensatory? An Analysis of Multi-Skill Math Questions in ITS. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 147-156 (2008). 23. Pardos, Z., Heffernan, N.: Determining the Significance of Item Order in Randomized Problem Sets. In: Proc. of the 1st Int'l. Conf. on Educational Data Mining, 111-120 (2009). 24. Rosenthal, R., Rosnow, R.L.: Essentials of Behavioral Research: Methods and Data Analysis (2nd Edition). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill (1991). 25. Shute, V.J.: SMART: Student modeling approach for responsive tutoring. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 5 (1), 1-44 (1995). 26. VanLehn, K., Siler, S., Murray, C., et. al.: Why Do Only Some Events Cause Learning During Human Tutoring. Cognition and Instruction, 21 (3), 209-249 (2003). 27. Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T.: Detection and analysis of off-task gaming behavior in intelligent tutoring systems. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 382-391 (2006).	<urn:uuid:76071f51-5e35-4198-9d1e-c00243a76cfa>	CC-MAIN-2015-11	https://pslcdatashop.web.cmu.edu/DownloadPaper?fileName=BGH-v17.pdf&fileId=415&datasetId=379	2015-03-01T19:14:08Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936462548.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00254-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz	914,267,433	7,684	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.915233	eng_Latn	0.988368	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	docling	[ 2920, 6367, 9541, 12890, 16571, 20430, 23649, 26008, 29255, 33176 ]
COMMUNICATION Negotiating Agreements in Multi-party, Multi-issue Contexts BY DR. EVAN HOFFMAN, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF APPLIED NEGOTIATION The initial hope and eventual failure of the recent climate talks in Copenhagen are illustrative of the difficulty of reaching an agreement in complex negotiations between numerous actors. Clearly, multi-party talks such as the ones in Copenhagen make reaching an agreement a more complicated task than in bilateral talks, and this task becomes all the more difficult if there is also more than one issue under consideration. Multi-party, multi-issue negotiations involve those situations in which there are multiple actors, each pursuing his or her distinct (usually divergent) agendas on a number of different topics or issues. This makes for a unique negotiating www.publicsectordigest.com Summer 2010 Photo: Alexandre Duret-Lutz Public Sector Digest 39 " " Consequently, the potential for conflict, and even violence, can be very high. environment that calls for a different negotiating strategy in order to reach an agreement. Some examples of these types of negotiations include Moldova's recent negotiations to join the European Union (EU), nearly any peace talks aimed at ending wars, and most environmental disputes. process and any expectations related to probable outcomes. Prior to investing time, money, and other resources into the process, parties would be well-advised to critically assess whether the proposed negotiation process is the right one for addressing the dispute, and more fundamentally, whether they should even have a role in the negotiations. Perhaps a party will determine that it will need to enter the process only at a later point, once other key milestones have been reached. Taking the time to asses this prior to entering the negotiations can save a party resources that may otherwise be wasted in a flawed, inadequate, or even unnecessary negotiating process. If it is determined wise to proceed, a party can then move onto the additional preparatory steps listed below. Aside from the high-visibility of these disputes and the resulting increased media attention, these types of disputes can also often be emotionally charged. That is, the disputing parties will likely be very impassioned about the dispute and emotionally invested in its outcome. Consequently, the potential for conflict, and even violence, can be very high. Sometimes, in these types of disputes, even the smallest development can trigger an outbreak of violence, as was seen in the Oka crisis when the announcement of plans to proceed with a new golf course resulted in an armed stand-off between the Mohawk community and the police. Governments at all levels are often faced with addressing multiparty, multi-issue disputes. Many of these disputes have a public policy or high profile public dimension. For example, most land claims or fishing rights disputes will involve a number of different government agencies from multiple levels. As will disputes over cases of alleged large-scale and/or institutionalized physical or sexual abuse, such as was seen in Cornwall, Ontario, a few years ago when abuse allegations lead to the Cornwall Inquiry. Moreover, there will likely be a number of nongovernmental organizations, community groups, business owners and other parties involved in the dispute as well. Taken together, these features of multi-party, multi-issue disputes can increase the pressure on all of the parties to reach an agreement that is acceptable to everyone. While a number of different types of processes, such as public consultations or inquiries, might be used to address these types of disputes, it is very likely that negotiations will be used as well. In fact, sometimes negotiations between the disputing parties, be they formal or otherwise, might lead to the decision to initiate one of these other processes. However, there is no "one size that fits all" process that will be apparent in each and every complex negotiation because each dispute is unique and dynamic, involving a distinct and ever-changing mix of actors. I. PREPARATION All of these negotiations, however, whether within the public domain or along a "litigation track" headed for trial, share three characteristics. That is, they create challenges for negotiators in the areas of preparation, complexity, and participation. Negotiators in complex multi-party, multi-issue disputes will want to spend ample time undertaking their preparations prior to the commencement of negotiations. These preparations might include the following tasks: 40 Public Sector Digest Summer 2010 www.publicsectordigest.com ■ Seek clarification about the structure of the negotiation ■ Consolidate your party's position prior to the commencement of negotiations: Diverse and varying views are likely within a negotiating party. Negotiations can proceed much smoother if there is internal unity within the party so that it can speak with a single, unified voice regarding its positions on the various issues. This leads to the next point. ■ Undertake background information gathering and research on all of the other parties by addressing the following questions: Who are the other parties? What are their positions? What are their underlying interests and motivations? Who will likely align with us (and against us) and why? Can we form alliances or negotiating coalitions in order to increase our negotiating power? ■ Nominate one party spokesperson and establish internal communication and decision making channels and processes prior to the commencement of negotiations. This will help ensure that the representative is empowered to speak for the entire group, and that his or her authority can be maintained throughout the negotiation period. Additionally, parties should also establish internal procedures for managing leadership changes (Will the party spokesperson rotate? Under what conditions will the spokesperson be asked to step-down or be replaced? How will a new spokesperson be chosen, by unanimous vote, by seniority, or randomly?). II. COMPLEXITY In general, if adequate preparations cannot be made in time, a party may wish to seriously consider the possibility of asking for a delay in the start of negotiations, because it is certainly better to enter into negotiations feeling well prepared and confident. This will also likely increase a party's efficiency and effectiveness at reaching a better deal sooner. PROCEDURAL COMPLEXITY It may be obvious that the greater the number of parties in a negotiation, the more complicated the process will become, but be " " Cleary, if they could better articulate their position and have a single company spokesperson deliver their message, they would have been more successful in gaining local support for their efforts. prepared for this complexity to affect every aspect of the negotiating process. That is, the joint development of procedural guidelines and ground rules, the provision of opportunities to speak, the scheduling of negotiation sessions, the sharing of information, as well as joint decision making, will all require much more time and concentration than is the case in bilateral negotiations. in various locations throughout Renfrew County, located approximately five hours North of Toronto in Eastern Ontario. The parties to this conflict appear to be in a stalemate and the final outcome is uncertain. DISPUTE COMPLEXITY In recent years, several green energy development firms from the Toronto region have come to the area in search of private properties to develop new wind power projects. While some local residents and politicians initially viewed this as a welcomed opportunity to bolster economic development in an impoverished area, the initial enthusiasm quickly gave way as conflict about the windmills escalated. Amidst a host of growing concerns about the proposed developments, the energy firms garnered local opposition when it was announced that most, if not all, of the energy produced would be exported from Renfrew County to Southern Ontario. III. PARTICIPATION Of course, complexity is also a consideration in terms of the actual dispute. The dispute will likely have multiple, inter-twined issues to be addressed, and the unpacking of these into smaller more manageable units for discussion will need to be considered. Breaking down the dispute into smaller, more manageable units can be done along many lines, such as dividing the negotiations into different sectors. In the case of the peace talks to end the war in Bosnia, for example, multiple simultaneous talks on the military, the constitution, the division of territory, and other themes were held and each thematic group reported back to the main mediator. If the talks proceed in this fashion, parties may consequently need to be ready to divide into smaller negotiating teams, each with its own command control structures in place. Adding to the complexity factor is the question of participation. As noted earlier, every dispute is unique, and inevitably, there will be a number of different parties with an interest in its resolution. This raises the following question: Who will be involved in the negotiations? Negotiating teams will want to decide in advance who needs to be at the table in order for them to reach their desired outcome, as certainly some parties to the dispute will be more relevant than others. In answering this question, they should assess the following: ■ Is there a party that clearly does not need to be at the table because its involvement is irrelevant to reaching an agreement? ■ Whose participation is vital to reaching an agreement and whose is less-so? Are they currently represented at the table? Why or why not? ■ Is there anyone that should be excluded from the talks on other grounds? IV. As negotiating teams work to answer the above questions, they may find that they need to conduct secondary, side-negotiations with one or more parties that may or may not already be at the table. Once again, this increases the complexity factor and new ways to feed the results from these secondary side-negotiations into the main negotiations will need to be devised. THE CASE OF THE RENFREW COUNTY WINDMILLS An ongoing example of a series of complex and informal negotiations revolves around the proposed placement of new windmills Nevertheless, spurred on in part by the lure of higher premiums offered by the province of Ontario for power generated via the wind, these energy companies were eager to quickly install new projects. They approached private landowners and, in a large number of cases, they reportedly made deals to utilize their land. As word of this rapid progress spread, local dissent grew. In some cases, neighbors were pitted against neighbors as those who had signed on with the companies found themselves at odds with those who did not agree with the project for safety or other reasons, or simply because they thought the development was moving too quickly. Since test sites were quickly established, there was a growing sense that if the development was not stopped immediately, the entire county would quickly be 'overcome' with new windmills In response, several locals banded together to form new opposition groups to the wind projects. One such group went on to work closely with local elected officials. Some of their first steps included collecting more information by visiting other sites in Ontario and elsewhere where windmills were already located and conducting independent research on the health and environmental effects of windmills. They went on to share this information with others in the hopes that a wise decision could be made about the windmills based on proven scientific evidence. This undoubtedly also strengthened their negotiating position, as they were now armed with the appropriate background research to support their positions. These concerns were not alleviated by either the regional authorities or the energy companies. It was reported in several news outlets that company officials were difficult to reach, and when they could be reached, they would shift responsibility for answering the difficult questions to other staff, or simply not answer any questions at all. Cleary, if they could better articulate their position and have a single company spokesperson deliver their message, they would have been more successful in gaining local support for their efforts. www.publicsectordigest.com Summer 2010 Public Sector Digest 41 " " This did not appease the public's concerns in Renfrew County, however, with many people claiming that the consultation process was rushed and not nearly inclusive enough. Additionally, this group distributed anti-windmill signs around the county, joined public protests, undertook awareness raising and education efforts through their blogs, appealed to local officials, and made a presentation to the Standing Committee on the Green Energy Act. Moreover, this and another group in the county joined a province-wide coalition of like-minded groups called Wind Concerns Ontario. the majority of the remaining features of this case, such as the power companies' failure to sit down with the opposition groups for a structured and meaningful dialogue, plus the province's threat to end-run around local opposition while providing meaningless public consultations, should be considered examples of what not to do in complex negotiations between numerous actors. In response to this growing opposition movement, Ontario's premiere promised months of public consultations on the matter. This did not appease the public's concerns in Renfrew County, however, with many people claiming that the consultation process was rushed and not nearly inclusive enough. Negotiating in multi-party, multi-issue contexts creates numerous challenges in terms of making adequate preparations, managing increased complexity, and ensuring inclusive and adequate participation of all those parties who are vital to reaching an agreement. However, success is still possible in these types of contexts, and if parties prepare for the unique challenges of negotiating in these contexts then they should be well-positioned to fully participate in and make the most of the talks. In a further effort to curb the growing unrest, and provide some time for things to settle down after a series of heated council meetings on this subject were held, many of the local municipalities eventually placed moratoriums on approving any wind power projects. The federal government also tried to appease local concerns. In March 2009, the local MP announced that one of the county's constituents would be meeting with senior officials from the office of the Minister of Health in order to discuss health issues related to windmills. In the same press release, the local MP also clearly stated her position that she respected the rights of individual landowners, but that well-informed decisions must be made based on the facts and research related to the adverse health effects of windmills. In essence, the local opposition groups gained an ally when this MP announcement was made, because her position on the matter was nearly identical to theirs. While successful in taking some of the initial pressure off the municipalities for having the final say on which projects would be approved, this move also increased the dispute's complexity because the struggle then shifted to another level. That is, the provincial government then indicated that it will not let local opposition stand in the way of new green energy projects and, if need be, approval for such projects would move from the municipal level to the provincial level. While some municipalities in Renfrew County did not react with surprise to this announcement, it is clear that if they wish to retain control over the projects in their jurisdictions, another set of side-negotiations between themselves and the province may need to occur in order to resolve the issue of who has final authority to approve projects. 42 Public Sector Digest Summer 2010 www.publicsectordigest.com The current situation appears to be at a stalemate, and the question of whether the local opposition will be overrun by the power companies and the province or if a compromise will be reached remains to be answered. Certainly, some aspects of these negotiations, such as forming a well-organized opposition group to deliver a single and clear message via one designated spokesperson, and increasing the power of that group by joining with others in a coalition, were textbook examples of what to do. Sadly, however, DR. EVAN HOFFMAN is presently the Executive Director of CIIAN. Evan is also an Associate Faculty member of the MA in Human Security and Peacebuilding program at Royal Roads University, Victoria, where he teaches a course on the prevention of deadly conflict, and an Adjunct Professor with the Graduate Program in Conflict Resolution at Antioch University McGregor where he is the Chair of the Concentration in International Mediation. Evan Hoffman holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of Canterbury (New Zealand). He can be reached at [email protected].	<urn:uuid:246e941e-b58f-4645-ae2e-6e0692ad9915>	CC-MAIN-2018-34	http://ciian.org/assets/forms/negotiatingincomplexcontexts.pdf	2018-08-17T14:52:36Z	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221212598.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20180817143416-20180817163416-00410.warc.gz	87,504,387	3,218	eng_Latn	eng_Latn	0.995727	eng_Latn	0.99885	[ "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn", "eng_Latn" ]	false	rolmOCR	[ 935, 6662, 12583, 17291 ]

Economic Anthropology, "Water and Economy" 2019; 6: 208–221 DOI:10.1002/ sea2.12143 Water sharing, reciprocity, and need: A comparative study of interhousehold water transfers in sub-Saharan Africa Abstract Water sharing between households could crucially mitigate short-term household water shortages, yet it is a vastly understudied phenomenon. Here we use comparative survey data from eight sites in seven sub-Saharan African countries (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda) to answer three questions: With whom do households share water? What is expected in return? And what roles do need and affordability play in shaping those transfers? We find that water is shared predominantly between neighbors, that transfers are more frequent when water is less available and less affordable, and that most sharing occurs with no expectation of direct payback. These findings identify water sharing, as a form of generalized reciprocity, to be a basic and consistent household coping strategy against shortages and unaffordability of water in sub-Saharan Africa. Keywords Water; Water Insecurity; Household Economics; Sharing; Transfers; Reciprocity; Africa Introduction Water is increasingly scarce and commodified. Across the globe, 4 billion people now experience severe water scarcity for at least one month of the year (Mekonnen and Hoekstra 2016). While household water need can be related to aridity or physical water scarcity, in contemporary societies it is additionally created by poor water governance, unreliable provision and maintenance, social marginality, lack of political power, lack of resources, and other aspects of living in poverty (Bakker 2010; Jepson et al. 2017; Swyngedouw 2013). Community pooling has been, historically, a widely practiced institutional strategy across the globe for managing scarce water resources for collective benefit at the local level (Guillet 1992; Lansing 1987; Scarborough 1998). To cope with water insecurities, vulnerable communities self-organize through such means as pooling money or labor to safeguard and allocate new water sources (e.g., digging wells or building a tap stand system) or by exerting governance rules around existing water sources to distribute water across households more equitably and consistently (Ostrom 1990). Water Sharing, Reciprocity, and Need However, such common pool water also can transform into a private good. For example, when people collect or buy water for their own household use, it may then be seen as belonging to the person or household that collected or purchased it, regardless of its provenance. As such, another potential form of coping with water shortfalls is the direct sharing of such private water between households; in other words, the acts of giving or receiving water from one household to another as gifts, loans, exchanges, or sales (Wutich and Brewis 2014; Wutich et al. 2018), sometimes operationally referred to as transfers. By household water sharing, we are referring to transfers of water between households designed to meet daily needs inside the receiving household (i.e., drinking, cooking, sanitation, washing clothes, cleaning, and bathing, but not maintaining livestock or crops). These transfers can be viewed as a kind of gift giving, with a potentially wide range of expectations of payback or reciprocity (Mauss [1924] 2002). Following Sahlins (1972), we are particularly interested in understanding if expectations of reciprocity are better described as generalized reciprocity (with no expectation of direct or immediate payback) or balanced reciprocity (with a clear expectation of some form of payback on a relative short time scale). Social scientists have previously documented interhousehold water transfers occurring within low-resource communities in rural Ethiopia (Maes et al. 2018), Malawi (Adams 2017; Velzeboer, Hordijk, and Schwartz 2017), Sudan (Zug 2014; Zug and Graefe 2014), Uganda (Pearson et al. 2015), and Tanzania (Nganyanyuka et al. 2014). A recent review proposes that such transfers should emerge with consistency in waterinsecure environments, and this may reflect a broader strategy to mitigate some of the effects of managing unsafe, intermittent, or insufficient local water sources (Wutich et al. 2018). Yet, the lack of systematic documentation of water sharing practices as they occur across diverse sites means it is difficult, on the basis of the current empirical evidence, to theorize better what those might be and how they might mitigate resource risks (like water unaffordability). By comparison, there is good cross-cultural evidence that inter household food sharing (and, to some extent, labor sharing) emerges consistently under conditions of resource shortages, and that the greater the shortage, the more sharing that occurs (Ember et al. 2018). Here we present an empirical, comparative, cross-cultural study designed to provide much-needed basic substantiation regarding how some key proximate household economic (e.g., water need/affordability) and social (e.g., cultural norms) factors shape household water sharing. Given the fundamental lack of existing theoretical literature explaining household water sharing as a practice to mitigate such water stresses, we begin with three key questions to organize our analysis: With whom do households share water? What is expected in return? And what role does need and unaffordability play in shaping those transfers? Our answers and resulting theory building are based on the systematic comparison of eight socially and economically distinct communities from across sub-Saharan Africa. Our research sites are characterized by significant rainfall seasonality, high levels of material poverty, weak water infrastructures, and other water-supply challenges. We chose the region to baseline test propositions regarding the general principles of how and why households share private water because many of the existing case reports of interhousehold water sharing events noted above are from this region. We began our effort to clarify water sharing with a key question: why would people in water-insecure communities share household-owned water at all, especially when they themselves may also have need?The limited water sharing literature is not especially clear on this point (Wutich et al. 2018). Economic anthropologists, working from both sociocultural and evolutionary perspectives, though, have provided a variety of reasonable answers, particularly from studies of food sharing, that could be relevant. From research in behavioral ecology on food sharing in subsistence societies, we can posit, for example, that givers and receivers may set up a "tit-for-tat" reciprocal arrangement in which one provides water to the other at one time in exchange for a return gift at some point in the future (Axelrod 1984; Trivers 1971). In Namibia, for example, Schnegg and Linke (2015) found that people maintain complex networks that include noncommensurate exchanges of food and other goods, including water. But not all household trading partners are equal, and a further basic expectation drawn from the food sharing literature would be that kin (especially genetic kin) would be favored in transfers over affines (relatives by marriage), and both would be favored over friends and neighbors (Hamilton 1964, as discussed in Gurven 2004 on kin; see also Hruschka 2010). Family members are viewed generally as more reliable and trustworthy sharing partners, so they could be favored in "tit-for-tat" just for the reason of higher expectation of later reciprocity (Allen-Arave, Gurven, and Hill 2008). Such favor could take the form of both higher frequencies of transfers and lower expectations of exchange/return. For example, water kiosk attendants in informal settlements of Lilongwe, Malawi, were observed to routinely offer free water (illegally) to their family members or people with whom they shared close ties (Adams, Juran, and Ajibade 2018).Thus we propose the following: Proposition 1:Water sharing transfers will occur more frequently between closely related kin. Proposition 2: Transfers are more likely to have no direct expectation of direct payback (i.e., generalized reciprocity) when they are between kin. There is also a relevant growing literature regarding the role of generosity (Barnard and Woodburn 1988) and norms, often referred to as a moral economy, that is potentially relevant to water sharing (Trawick 2001; Wutich 2011). This includes the expectation to help those in need, and is especially evident in subsistence societies (e.g., Scott 1976). Such norms may dictate the giving of water to those who suffer from thirst or other immediate water needs (Wutich and Brewis 2014).Water sharing norms, which may be situated in religious communities and beliefs or other factors, have been described for contexts as varied as Syria and Saudi Arabia (Musil 1928), Tanzania (Smiley 2013), Bangladesh (Sultana 2011), and Bolivia (Wutich 2011). Another possibility is that the donors and recipients who engage in water sharing events are engaged in risk-pooling relationships, whereby those who happen in that moment to have abundant resources give to those who are in need, reflecting the shared understanding that the future of one's resource acquisitions and holdings is unpredictable (Cronk et al., forthcoming; Velzeboer, Hordijk, and Schwartz 2017). In the case of water, such an arrangement would make sense if there were unpredictability as to which sharing party would be successful in obtaining water and which would not (e.g.,Wiessner 1986;Wutich 2011); that is, related to unpredictability in each household's ability to access, afford, or transport water, rather than unpredictability in the overall availability of the resource. A further explanation is that people will share water because doing so serves as a sign of both their ability to acquire resources and their generosity, an idea common to both the theory of indirect reciprocity (Alexander 1987) and costly signaling theory (Smith and Bliege Bird 2005). Last, people may trade water for the simple, immediate reason of profit or cash earnings. In other words, water is seen as a commodity with a price, just as one might charge or request reimbursement from others for any private good. Household economics—specifically need itself—should also theoretically matter greatly for shaping decisions around water transfers.Water sharing can thus be broadly approached as a coping strategy in the face of economic constraints–without losing sight of the importance of inequality—including in access to water, negotiating power, and household economic inequalities. This perspective can sit comfortably with varied forms of generosity and moral economies. For example, wealthier households might share water with those in greatest need to build political capital or to reinforce patron–client dependencies (i.e., perform self-interested charity) (Wutich et al. 2018). In this vein, Pearson et al.'s (2015) observations in three rural Ugandan villages noted that wealthier, higher-status households tended to gift water to the poorer and lowest ones (who were more likely to be forced to purchase water). In this arrangement, households in the middle were mostly excluded. Alternatively, in Bolivian squatter settlements, Jewell and Wutich (2011) observed that the most severely water-deprived households sometimes withdrew from requesting water from others if they thought any later reciprocity might be expected (Wutich and Ragsdale 2008). Because worry of having to repay after accepting water is a demonstrated stressor, we need to better test if it is really the case that the most extreme need leads to the high densities of water sharing.Thus we propose the following: Water Sharing, Reciprocity, and Need Proposition 3: Both need for water and unaffordability of water will predict a greater rate of interhousehold water transfers. Proposition 4: Householdswith higher socioeconomic status (SES)within communities will transfer preferentially to households with lower SES and will be more likely to do so without an expectation of direct payback (i.e., generalized reciprocity). Study details The data analyzed herein are drawn from the HouseholdWater Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) study.The initial round of data collection included household survey implementation at eight different sites across sub-Saharan Africa, with a target sample of 250 households at each site (Table 1).The selected study sites span an array of urban, periurban, and rural settings. All sites experience various forms, degrees, and etiologies of water insecurity, for example seasonality, infrastructure, or service challenges (see Tables 1 and 2). The forms of water transfer vary across the locations but mostly involve relatively modest amounts that can be carried. For example, in the Ugandan site, in-home piped water is unavailable. Household water must be collected in a jerry can from a public borehole, a surface water source, or (more rarely) a water vendor. Water transfers across households thus typically involve handing over one or more jerry cans of water or permitting other households to fill jerry cans from a pond or stream on a household's private property. At the Malawi site, private household taps are rare, and water collection involves walking to either a water vendor or a public standpipe.Water is then stored within the household in barrels or large basins to guard against intermittent supply and sudden breaks in the distribution system. Water transfers across households typically involve giving away one or more bucketsful of water from this stored supply. Transfers can also take the form of more affluent households with their own taps allowing poorer households to take buckets of water from the tap at no cost. Data collection at each site was managed by social scientists (mostly trained as anthropologists and cultural geographers), each with long-term experience at that particular site.1 Verbal informed consent was obtained at the beginning of all interviews by a trained enumerator. Individual site principal investigators' (PIs') home institutions or Northwestern University (central manager) provided the institutional review board of record for the sites. Furthermore, ethical approval was obtained as required from the appropriate local or national in-country institutions. Systematic random sampling was used to select households for participation, except in Kahemba, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where the survey was implemented within an ongoing intervention study that utilized a purposive sampling technique (Table 1). Adults who described themselves as knowledgeable about the household's water situation were considered eligible to participate. Surveys were administered in the relevant local language. Table 1 here Topics included questions on sociodemographics, water acquisition, treatment, and water storage. In terms of water sharing, the respondent in each household was asked "In the last four weeks/month, how frequently have you or anyone in your household asked to borrow water from other people? From whom? What was expected in return?" and "In the last four weeks/one month, how frequently have you or anyone in your household loaned water to anyone?" To understand who shares with whom, we coded open-ended responses into relationship distance categories (i.e., family, friends, neighbors, etc.). Where people nominated multiplex ties (e.g., neighboring family member), we coded for the closer relationship (e.g., family member over neighbor). Level of absolute household need for water was estimated based on four factors—(a) reported frequency of no water whatsoever in the household, (b) worry about not having enough water, (c) interruption of water supply, and (d) not enough water as would like to drink in the last four weeks—on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 (never [0 times]) to 4 (always [more than 20 times]) then summed (range 0–14, mean 2.6Å}3). We then created an ordinal variable using natural breaks in the data to define cut points, so that none=0 (24% of observations), low=1–3 (30%), medium=4–6 (25%), and high=7–14 (21%). A measure of absolute household water unaffordability was derived from reporting frequencies of lacking money to buy water (never, rarely, sometimes, often, always), reporting of frequencies of money concerns about water, monthly spending on securing water as a percentage of total household income (in USD), and level of reported household food insecurity (using theHousehold Food Insecurity Access Scale; see Coates et al. 2007). A single component was extracted through principal components analysis, explaining 52.5% of variation (see Table 2 for variation by site). To consider relative perceived SES, respondents were asked to point to a rung on a ladder to indicate their household's relative socioeconomic standing compared to others in their local community. The scores ranged from 1 (highest standing) to 10 (lowest standing). To allow Water Sharing, Reciprocity, and Need comparisons across sites related to relative status within sites, we converted these site-specific measures to quintiles within each site (with 1 being the lowest perceived SES quintile and 5 the highest). Descriptive analyses were conducted in SPSS version 24. For predictive modeling, multiple logistic regression models were used since our outcome variables (giving water, receiving water, and expectation of return) were dichotomous. These models, when estimates are exponentiated, provide odds ratios (OR). All regression models were estimated using Stata Version 15.0 and included the following covariates: rural versus urban/periurban, household size, time spent collecting water each week (greater vs. less than one hour per day on average), amount of drinking and total water stored in the household, and whether the main household water supply was being purchased at the time of data collection (e.g., tanker truck, bottled water). These covariates were selected a priori based on documented factors that affect water availability and needs within households, which may affect the giving and receiving of water (Gleick 1996;WorldHealth Organization 2017). Our independent variables of interest, fitted into the separate models, were whether recipients of transfers were kin, household water need score, water unaffordability score, and relative SES quintiles. We used variance inflation factor (VIF) to assess potential multicollinearity present within regression models. All covariates had VIF lower than 10, indicating that multicollinearity was not significantly affecting the estimates (Wooldridge 2015). Table 2 here We accounted for clustering across the eight sub-Saharan sites in two ways. First, we used a fixed-effect estimation technique to account for site-level differences since we had insufficient sample size at our macro-level unit (i.e., sites, N <25), and the sites themselves were not chosen at random from all possible sites in sub-Saharan Africa (Möhring 2012; Wooldridge 2015). Using hierarchical regression modeling in this situation may result in omitted variable bias regarding the site-level estimators. Therefore, using a fixed effect for our macro-level unit, we dealt with this issue by controlling for site-level heterogeneity and removing variation at the site level. Second, we employed cluster-adjusted standard errors to account for within-cluster (site) correlation, relaxing the independence requirement of observations (Wooldridge 2015). We note two key limitations of these analyses. While the site samples all involved random selection at the household level, three sites also first stratified by clusters (population strata, neighborhoods, or towns).This means that our standard errors are underestimated. For this reason, we more conservatively selected p<0.01 as our threshold for significance. Second, some sites obtained samples above the target of 250 (e.g., DRC at n=392). This means that it would be possible that our findings would be biased toward the observations at the locations with larger contributing sample sizes. For this reason, we used probability weights in the regression modeling described earlier to adjust for sample size within each site to the target goal of 250 as the inverse probability that an observation was sampled (Korn and Graubard 2011). For example, in the DRC, each observation was weighted as 1/(392/250)=0.638. Results Figure 1 here Interhousehold water sharing (i.e., transfers) occurs regularly at all the surveyed sites (see Figure 1). Rates of households giving water in the prior four weeks ranged from 6.4% in Arua, Uganda, to 66.7% in Kisumu, Kenya (both rural, primarily agriculturalist communities). Rates of incoming water transfers (i.e., receiving) ranged from 20.5% in urban Accra, Ghana, in the rainy season to 84.8% in rural agropastoralist villages of Kahemba, DRC (the site with reportedly the most chronic water shortages of all those sampled). Water transfer patterns were more evenly balanced in some sites than others, meaning that the percentage of households that gave water better balanced those that received water (Table 2). While we do not have data that track directly the reciprocity of transfers between specific households, the range of lending households that also themselves received water in the last four weeks was as low as 32.5% in urban Accra, Ghana, to 94.8% in Kahemba, DRC. Importantly, Kahemba is also the site with the highest levels of giving and receiving and the most balanced and getting "in the last four weeks", by site. Water Sharing, Reciprocity, and Need Figure 2 here What was expected in return for getting water, as reported by site. pattern of giving and receiving. Furthermore, in the site with the lowest rate of households giving water (Arua, Uganda, 6.4%), three-quarters of those giving households also reported receiving water themselves, another indirect indicator of a reciprocal system in operation. Proposition 1: Do households share most frequently with kin? Contrary to expectations, the vast majority of extra household transfers in all the sites were with nonkin, specifically with neighbors (87% overall, ranging from 52% to 93%; Table 2). The highest rates of transfers between kin were in Amhara, Ethiopia (48%), a rural site of unbalanced transfers with many more households getting than giving water, and rural Arua, Uganda (32.5%), the latter also with relatively high levels of unbalanced transfers (i.e., a few households were transferring water to many). Proposition 2: Is water sharing with kin more likely to be generalized reciprocity? The vast majority of water transfers into households overall (77.3%)were described as generalized reciprocity, in that nothing was expected in return (Figure 2). In two sites (Lagos, Nigeria, and Kampala, Uganda), some form of payback (i.e., balanced reciprocity) was expected more commonly than generalized reciprocity. In Lagos,Nigeria, water was expected in return, and in Kampala, Uganda, water or money was expected. Notably, reports of expectations of payback for water sharing in forms other than water or money (e.g., food, labor) were extremely rare (Figure 2). We then used logistic regression to test if transfers with kin were more likely to have no expectation of return (i.e., were generalized reciprocity) (Table 3). We found that kin were not significantly different than nonkin in the expectation of return of water (p=0.19). However, the relationship was in the expected direction, as kin had half (0.49) the odds of expecting something in return for receiving water compared to nonkin (95% CI 0.19–1.40, Model 1) adjusting for covariates. Proposition 3: Does household water neediness/unaffordability affect sharing? We considered how levels of household need for water affect the likelihood of transfers. Water need scores were highest on average in Kahemba, DRC (6.3Å}2.9), and lowest in Lagos, Nigeria (1.1Å}1.7) (Table 2). The large standard deviations reflect significant withinsite inequalities in need. We tested if households with greater need for water were more likely to receive water and if those with lower need for water were more likely to give it (Model 2, Table 3). We found strong evidence on both counts, such that as household need increased, the odds of receiving and giving water grew in magnitude. Most notably, households who reported the highest need for water had nearly 9 (OR 8.8, 95% CI 3.99– 19.4, p<0.001, Model 2a) times the odds of receiving water and 4.5 (OR 4.63; 95% CI 2.25–9.51, p<0.001,Model 2b) times the odds of giving water to other households, compared to those with no reported need for water and adjusting for covariates. We used a similar logistic regression model to test if water unaffordability also affected who received and gave water (Model 3, Table 3). We found that as water unaffordability increased, so did the odds of both giving and receiving water in the past month. Specifically, each standard deviation increase in the water unaffordability score was associated with 2 (95% CI 1.71–2.32, p<0.001, Model 3a) times the odds of receiving water and 1.5 (95% CI 1.23–1.83, p<0.001, Model 3b) times the odds of giving water, controlling for covariates. Table 3 here Proposition 4: Does perceived household SES affect sharing? Mean perceived SES scores varied across sites, with households in Kahemba, DRC, estimating themselves with the worst SES on average (8.0Å}1.6) and those in Lagos,Nigeria, with the highest estimates (5.4Å}2.1). Considering data fromacross all the sites, lowest quintile SES households within each site had higher reports of receiving water within the last month, and the highest two quintiles reported the least. And while the sample sizes are small, an apparent trend can be seen among the fourteen respondents who reported "frequently" receiving water within the past month: more than half were within the lowest quintile, while only two were in the highest. However, households within all SES quintiles reported receiving water, and there was no clear linear trend (first [lowest]=26%, second=19%,third=22%, fourth=17%, fifth [highest]=17%). Similarly, for water giving, some households at all SES quintiles within sites reported doing so (first=22%, second=16.9%, third=21%, fourth=19%, fifth=21%), again with no clear linear trend. The third and fifth quintiles were most likely to report "always" having given water in the past month. However, the lowest quintile was the most likely to report "often" giving, compared to others, with 39% giving water—the highest of the frequencies reported. Giving and receiving patterns within sites also did not display evident linear trends (Table 2). In several sites, the middle quintiles were as likely to report having received or given water as the lowest or highest quintiles. For example, in Arua, Uganda, the middle quintile reported more than double the rate of giving water to other households than any other strata (44% of all transfers). In the DRC site, the lowest quintile reported giving water most frequently (25% of all transfers). In Accra, Ghana, the lowest and highest quintiles reported the highest frequencies of water sharing. We used logistic regression models to test if relative perceived household SES status within sites predicted both giving and receiving water (Model 4, Table 3). Specifically, we considered if households in the top (highest) quintile(s) of perceived status were more likely to preferentially transfer water (Model 4) and whether those water transfers were made without expectation of payback to the bottom/lower quintiles (Model 5). We found that compared to the highest quintile, households in the lowest quintile had 60% higher odds of receiving a transfer (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.20–2.13, p=0.001, Model 4a) in the last month. Households in the second lowest and middle SES quintiles also had elevated odds of receiving a transfer, but these did not meet our conservative significance cutoff. In contrast, providing a transfer was not significantly different by quintile of SES, again due to our conservative significance cutoff (Model 4b). Finally, SES status by quintile was not associated with providing water without expectation of payback (Model 5). Implications, limitations, and next steps We began with four general propositions: that household water sharing transfers (a)would favor kin and (b) be more likely to engage in generalized reciprocity with kin, (c) that absolute need for water and unaffordability of water predicts transfers, and that (d) higher-status households will transfer to lower-status ones (without expectations of direct payback). Integrating the findings of our analyses of empirical data from eight sub-Saharan African sites provides several key insights relevant to general theory building around how proximate economic and social factors help explain household water sharing practices. A key finding, against prediction, is that the vast majority of sharing events occur between neighbors, not kin. This has very significant theoretical implications, as it suggests that the key findings about kin preferences in the food-sharing literature (e.g., Gurven 2004; Hamilton 1964) are not directly generalizable to water sharing. A parsimonious explanation could be that water, compared to such other possible transferable household private goods as food, labor, or money, is heavy and hard to move—even to the point of causing injuries (Geere et al. 2010). That is, it is harder to move water between households in any volume without special transport or infrastructure (e.g., a tanker, pushcart), and the difficulty increases sharply with distance. The very high rates of sharing with neighbors suggest to us that that the forms of water sharing networks within communities are likely driven strongly by propinquity. A second explanation may be that sharing with neighbors who are nonkin may help strengthen bonds so that the sharers' network is larger and they may have more people to call on when in need. This then suggests the need for detailed case studies on this point. In this study, we do not know the actual amount of A. Brewis et al. water being shared, just the frequencies of sharing events. It could be that amounts of water given with or without expectation of payback vary between kin and nonkin households in important ways (e.g., perhaps transfers between kin are larger in volume when they occur, even if they are less frequent). Importantly, the vast majority of reported water transfers—including between neighbors— were described as generalized reciprocity, for which no direct payback was expected.This was the same general pattern across low and high-SES households. At some sites, almost all transfers took this basic form. This is also consistent with the findings of the "moral economy" literature (Scott 1976; Trawick 2001; Wutich 2011) and also the idea that it is adaptive to give water to those who need it without any expectation of repayment in situations where there is some unpredictability about who will have sufficient water at any given time (Cronk et al., forthcoming;Wiessner 1986). The unpredictability of such situations makes them similar to the kinds of situations in which one might buy an insurance policy. The norms found at many sites may thus be proximate cultural instantiations of this more distal adaptive logic of risk pooling through transfers to those in need (Aktipis et al. 2016; Cronk et al., forthcoming). In others, balanced reciprocity (i.e., direct payback for water) was sometimes expected. The two highest of these were both urban settings: in Lagos, Nigeria, almost half of water transfers were with an overt expectation of later payback with water in return, and in Kampala, Uganda, where one-third of transfers were expected in return. But in Kahemba, DRC, where neediness was greatest, only 5% of transfers included any expectation of return. In no sites, though, was there significant reporting of any other forms of payback, such as for labor or food for water. More detailed studies on this specific point are suggested, perhaps particularly comparing how food versus water transfers occur within communities struggling with both. Food security often depends on water security, while the converse is not true (i.e., you cannot cultivate food nor cook it easily without water). This might help explain why norms associated with generalized reciprocity seem to be so widely in effect across all these varied sites. These data demonstrate, as predicted (following Pearson et al. 2015; Wutich 2011), that household economic factors are important in shaping water sharing practices. Overall patterns conform to those that would be expected if household sharing were a coping strategy to help deal with issues of water need or unaffordability.The site with the highest household levels of reported water need and unaffordability (Kahemba, DRC) also has both the highest rate of incoming water transfers, which makes sense given data were collected in the dry season. Moreover, modeling of data across the sites (with sites as fixed effects) confirmed that the odds of both receiving and giving a transfer increased substantially with increasing levels of household water need and water unaffordability. Notably, however, transfers of water—both giving and receiving—were observable at all perceived SES strata. As predicted (Wutich et al. 2018), we found a general pattern of more transfers from higher-status households to lower-status ones; however, this was not uniformly replicated in every community. In some places, the lowest quintile households were given less water compared to those in higher quintiles. In other sites, households in the middle SES strata (third quintile) included thosemost actively engaged in water transfers.The general implication is that water sharing practices transect all social strata in water-scarce communities. These findings also indicate that much more detailed case study analysis (like that suggested by Pearson et al. 2015) will be needed to understand how inequalities in household socioeconomics shape water transfer decisions. A few limitations of the current study should be acknowledged. First, although we made an effort to capture multiplexity, our models did not include complex operationalizations of multiplex ties (e.g., kin who are also neighbors who are also coreligionists).More and better-defined research on multiplexity in water sharing is needed (see Schnegg and Linke 2015 for guidance here). For example, we need to better understand how kinship distance and household distance both matter. Second, it is possible that our finding about the relatively low rates of water sharing between kin (as compared with neighbors) could be an artifact of the way the water sharing questions were asked (i.e., using the terms loan and borrow). It is possible that people have unique emic concepts that describe water sharing with kin, and we would have received different answers if we had asked about these specifically. That said, many people did report water sharing with kin, and there are theoretical reasons (related to distance and the weight of water) that make it reasonable that neighbors would be preferred water sharing partners.Third, the data were not collected at the height of the dry season in most sites, and this may have contributed to underestimation of actual water sharing frequencies. Fourth, the concept of "sharing" varies across cultures and languages, and—although we made extensive efforts to pretest our protocols for cross-cultural equivalence—we cannot be completely sure that our core questions were understood in exactly the same way in each site. Finally, and relatedly, the high frequency with which water transfers between households are observed in all these water-scarce communities and that fewer people than predicted are sharing with their kin suggest the possibility of high levels of water sharing associated tensions and conflicts (not captured in this study). This is because, although the idea of "sharing" is commonly understood as synonymous with largesse, sharing, gift giving, and other resource transfers also can be deployed to (re)produce unequal power relationships. Sharing itself, in all its forms (gifting, selling, loaning, and so on) can also lead to disputes, as Sultana (2011) describes, especially in settings where water conflicts arise through class, power, religious, or political differences. We suggest that more detailed ethnographic studies of how conflicts around household water sharing systems emerge and are managed between households and within communities are a high priority. Note 1 The detailed HWISE data collection manual can be found online at https://doi.org/ 10.21985/N2P450. A. Brewis et al. References Adams, Ellis A. 2017. "Thirsty Slums in African Cities: Household Water Insecurity in Urban Informal Settlements of Lilongwe, Malawi." International Journal of Water Resources Development 34(6): 869–87. 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Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Barnard, Alan, James Woodburn, T. Ingold, and D. Riches. 1988. "Introduction." In Hunter and Gatherers 2: Property, Power, and Ideology, edited by A. Barnard, J. Woodburn, T. Ingold, and D. Riches, 4–31. New York: Bloomsbury Academic. Coates, Jennifer, Anne Swindale, and Paula Bilinsky. 2007. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Food Access: Indicator Guide. Washington, DC: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, Academy for Educational Development. Cronk, Lee, Colette Berbesque, Thomas Conte, Matthew Gervais, Padmini Iyer, Brighid McCarthy, Dennis Sonkoi, Cathryn Townsend, and Athena Aktipis. Forthcoming. "Managing Risk through Cooperation: Need-Based Transfers and Risk Pooling among the Societies of the Human Generosity Project." In Global Perspectives on Long-Term Community Resource Management, edited by Ludomir R. Lozny and Thomas H. McGovern. New York: Springer. Ember, Carol R., Ian Skoggard, Erik J. 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TR1R Primary Belt Cleaner - Integrated Blade - Very Competitive Prices - Effective Cleaning Performance - Interchangeable with All Major Manufacturers - Light Weight & Easy to Move - Simple Installation & Maintenance FEDERAL Conveyor Components Torsion Arm Mounting Apparatus Unique Uni-blade Design. Aluminum Mounting Inserted Torsion Adjuster Fixed Bolt Step-1 Step-2

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Anomalous Health Incidents: The Havana Syndrome THE ISSUE CIA Director William Burns said recently: "There are probably a couple of hundred inci dents across the U.S. government and across the globe. Of those couple of hundred, there's probably about 100 in which my colleagues, my officers and family members have been affected." Reportedly, of the other incidents, approximately 60 cases involve Department of Defense officials or their relatives, around 50 cases involve State Department personnel or their relatives, and at least two cases involve White House staff. SYMPTOMS AND NOTABLE CASES: TIMELINE Symptoms have included: head pressure, migraines, memory loss and trouble concen trating, ear ringing/tinnitus, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, anxiety, vision problems, balance issues, hearing loss, sleeplessness, and other neurological symptoms. To date, as many as 200 Americans have reported signs of Havana syndrome, a series of debilitating symptoms that first affected U.S. intelligence officers and State Department staff stationed in Havana, Cuba, in late 2016. The first reported case involved an American officer in Havana. The officer went to the U.S. embassy's health office to report strange sound sensations and pressure sensations followed by intense headaches and dizziness. Several other officers in Cuba reported similar mysterious sensations while at their homes throughout early 2017. Cases have since been reported in roughly a dozen other countries, including the United States. There have been possible earlier cases dating back to 1996 involving NSA officers, but it is unclear if they are linked to the more recent incidents. Multiple cases affecting American and Cana dian officials occurred in areas outside Havana. Additional possible cases have occurred in China, Russia, the United Kingdom, Uzbeki stan, Colombia, Taiwan, Poland, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, and Austria, with possible U.S. cases in Miami and two in Washington, DC, involving former Trump Administration National Security Council (NSC) staff. Most recently, there have been reports of nearly two dozen U.S. officials in Vienna, Austria, who have reported Havana syndrome symptoms. Vienna is notable as several international bodies are headquartered in the Austrian capital, includ ing the International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna is also the current site of negotiations on the Iran deal. THEORIZED WEAPON A 2020 report by the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (com missioned by the State Department) assessed that many of the symptoms described by Havana syndrome victims are consistent with the effects of "directed, pulse radio frequency energy." A declassified NSA statement from 2014 said, in regards to the 1996 incident refer enced above, that a hostile country to which the officers were located had an association "with a high powered microwave system weapon that may have the ability to weaken, intimidate, or kill an enemy, over time, and without leaving FACTSHEET No. 217 | August 19, 2021 evidence." Additionally, the intelligence infor mation "indicated that this weapon is designed to bathe a target's living quarters in microwaves, causing numerous physical effects, including a damaged nervous system." It is an open question whether the suspected directed-energy devices are being used delib erately as a weapon, or are an inadvertent side effect of a signals intelligence collection system. Investigators reportedly cannot definitively say if the directed-energy attacks have been caused by a specific weapon, but have theorized that it would be "primarily transported by vehicle" and that some could be "small enough to fit into a large backpack, and an individual can be targeted from 500 to 1,000 yards away." POTENTIAL PERPETRATORS The U.S. Intelligence Community thus far has not reached a consensus or made any formal attributions for the possible directed-energy incidents. There has been unverified reporting in recent months about the investigation of possible involvement by Russia's intelligence directorate, the GRU. Russia's interest in developing microwave weaponry dates to the Soviet Union. The National Academies' 2020 report noted: [M]any of the distinctive and acute signs, symp toms, and observations reported by DOS [De partment of State] employees are consistent with the effects of directed, pulsed radio frequency (RF) energy. Studies published in the open literature more than a half century ago and over the subsequent decades by Western and Soviet sources provide circumstantial support for this possible mechanism. Recent reporting from closed-door briefings on Capitol Hill have claimed that the origin of the technology required in such attacks is "more likely than not in Russia," but that China could also be a culprit. CIA Director Burns, when asked specifically if Russia is behind the incidents, stated: "Could be, but I honestly cannot—I don't want to suggest until we can draw some more definitive conclusions who it might be. But there are a number of possibilities." U.S. RESPONSE SO FAR Last year, under the leadership of then-Di rector of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe and National Counterintelligence and Security Center (NCSC) Director Bill Evanina, agencies were required to come up with a "more stan dardized set of criteria," and the NCSC was designated as the clearinghouse to compile and collect data on government-wide cases. The State Department, the CIA, and the Defense Department each have a task force looking into the Havana syndrome. In addi tion, to assist in detecting incidents, the State Department "has established a team of medical experts to respond to reports of possible health incidents, and offered baseline medical screen ings to diplomats in case they later report an incident." It was recently reported that CIA Director Burns put a veteran of the agency's hunt for Osama bin Laden in charge of the CIA's task force. Reportedly, the U.S. has started a program to develop countermeasures to these directed-en ergy attacks. CIA Director Burns has tripled the number of full-time medical personnel at the CIA who are looking into these issues. Addition ally, Burns has said that he has a strong team focused on the questions of "What?" and "Who?" Legislators on Capitol Hill have also been investigating the issue, looking at codified Additionally, it has been reported that the NSC is establishing two expert panels to study the issue. The panels will be composed of experts from both "inside and outside of government" and will focus on determining the cause of the Havana syndrome as well as possible treatment methods. The State Depart ment has also directed those posted overseas to report any symptoms consistent with direct ed-energy attacks to the Bureau of Medical Services for a possible referral to the National Institutes of Health. changes and resources to address the origins of the incidents, the CIA's initial response, and workforce health claims and treatments, as well as codifying a recently appointed position, the Anomalous Health Incidents Interagency Coordinator, within the NSC to coordinate government-wide action on the investigation of the origins and response to the incidents. The Senate Intelligence Committee's recently approved Intelligence Authorization Act gives those affected access to Walter Reed Medical Center, which has unique specialties for brain injuries. The Senate version of the fiscal year 2022 National Defense Authorization Act authorizes an additional $30 million for the Defense Health Program to treat victims.

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Terms of Reference (TOR) for Appointment of Project Management Consultant (Individual) 1. Background: The Bangladesh Public-Private Partnership Act, 2015 ("PPP Act") was enacted and gazetted on 16 September, 2015. Under this act, the PPP Authority was established in September 2015 as a separate, autonomous Authority under the Prime Minister's Office to act as a catalyst to proactively identify, realize, screen, develop and provide support for PPP projects. The PPP Authority supports line Ministries to facilitate identification, development and tendering of PPP projects to international standards. For interested investors and lenders, the PPP Authority provides a professional, transparent, centralized portal to high quality PPP Projects. The PPP Authority helps to augment government sector line ministry project development efforts with world-class external PPP resources, with the goal of increasing the quality, attractiveness, and sustainability of PPP projects while realizing them in an efficient and cost-effective manner. PPP Authority not only has a regulatory oversight role, it offers project development support, and provides expert project facilitation services to the Contracting Authorities and Line Ministries. PPP Authority adopted "Policy for Implementing PPP Projects through Government to Government (G2G) Partnership, 2017" which allowed Government of Bangladesh represented by PPPA to enter into MoUs with suitable counterpart organizations of friendly countries. PPPA is engaged with four countries through G2G partnership i.e. Japan, Korea, Singapore, Dubai and is developing new partnerships with other interested countries. PPP Authoirty engages in-house expertise to maintain all the communications, coordinate the activities between multiple foreign and local stakeholders, updating and reporting of the progress to concerned authorities. 2. Objectives: The purpose of this tender is to appoint a full-time individual Project Management Consultant who can support the PPP Authority in coordinating and managing regular PPP projects as well as G2G PPP program. 3. Scope of Services: The PPP Project Management Consultant will be responsible for project appraisal and technical assistance to line Ministries in undertaking PPP projects. S/he will continuously interact and liaise with project sponsor and ensure that only quality projects are presented to the Government. The tasks that the PPP Project Management Consultant will need to undertake include (but not limited to the following): * Support the PPP Authority's remit to administer PPP project identification and qualification, project development and implementation process. This will include (but is not limited (to): □ Developing and updating project action plans and liaising with relevant stakeholders to monitor progress □ Supporting project screening activity on projects submitted to the PPP Authority and developing reports of the assessment. □ Monitoring and reporting on the progress of the PPP project and the linked projects. □ Support PPP Authority in implementing G2G PPP partnership. □ Contributing to the development and inputs of detailing the Management Information System to track and monitor progress on project. □ Provide detailed support in the procurement of advisors in relation to the PPP project and the linked projects. □ Review the activities of the advisors against the ToR to ensure compliance. □ Contributing to the development of an `in-house' or support the finalization of external Prefeasibility and Detailed Feasibility Report on the PPP project. □ Engaging with advisors to ensure project progress is in line with planned timeframe. □ Reviewing the terms and conditions of Bid documents to be issued for the PPP project to ensure they meet PPP guidelines. □ Liaise with PPP Authority consultant and staff to co-ordinate their inputs in supporting the development to PPP projects. □ Support the accumulation of information from the PPP project applications and proposals to ensure they meet submission requirements. □ Provide project management support over the project development and procurement phase □ Assist in the evaluation of PPP proposals over the procurement phase. □ Perform such other tasks assigned by the CEO as may become necessary. □ Provide support in the training/workshop sessions to Line Ministry/Implementing Agency/other stakeholders □ Supporting the PPP Authority in planning, organising and carrying out road shows and investor promotion activities through providing logistics support The total services will need to be delivered over a contract period of 24 months, but may be extended until the financial closure of the project on mutual agreement. 4. Required Qualification and Experience The consultant is desired to fulfil the following requirements: a) MBA/Master's Degree on finance/accounting/economics or a similar relevant professional degree. b) At least 5 years of experience of working in a relevant financial, project management, procurement or commercial discipline in a relevant enterprise (for e.g. financial institution, accountancy firm, law firm, consultancy firm). c) At least 2 years of work experience in project management. Experience in commercial oriented infrastructure sector project management will be distinct advantage. d) Good understanding of commercial lending terms and banking market. e) Good interpersonal skill and ability to communicate effectively with government and private sector officials who may have limited or no financial background. f) Must have strong and proven communication and presentation skills. g) Must be skilled and fluent in the use of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint Project. h) Must have very good typing speed, both in English and Bengali. 5. Application Procedure An application should be submitted along with a detailed CV and a recent photograph. A financial proposal also needs to be submitted along with the application but in a separate sealed envelope. Preferred applicant may be interviewed. The template for the CV and financial proposal is provided in the annexure to this document. A Quality and Cost Based Selection (QCBS) method would be followed for the evaluation purpose with 75% weightage to the Qualification and Experience requirement criteria. 1. NAME 2. ADDRESS 3. NATIONALITY 4. DATE OF BIRTH 5. EDUCATION 6. TRAINING AND WORKSHOP 7. SUMMARY OF PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES 8. COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE 9. DETAILS OF RELEVANT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES * Job Title * Employer * Description of Duties: (Please mention name and details of specific and relevant projects only) 10. EXPERIENCE OF RELEVANT COMMUNICATION, WRITING AND PRESENTATION SKILL (Please list relevant experience) Annex 1: CV Template Annex 2: Financial Proposal Template * Please insert the net expected monthly amount. Any applicable government taxes would be added back to the amount for determining contract celling during the contract tenure.

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This article was downloaded by: [Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam] On: 29 August 2011, At: 03:10 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Bisexuality Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wjbi20 The Bisexual Youth of Color Intersecting Identities Development Model: A Contextual Approach to Understanding Multiple Marginalization Experiences a Kirstyn Yuk Sim Chun & Anneliese A. Singh b a California State University, Long Beach, California, USA b The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA Available online: 08 Dec 2010 To cite this article: Kirstyn Yuk Sim Chun & Anneliese A. Singh (2010): The Bisexual Youth of Color Intersecting Identities Development Model: A Contextual Approach to Understanding Multiple Marginalization Experiences, Journal of Bisexuality, 10:4, 429-451 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2010.521059 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Journal of Bisexuality, 10:429–451, 2010 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC DOI: 10.1080/15299716.2010.521059 The Bisexual Youth of Color Intersecting Identities Development Model: A Contextual Approach to Understanding Multiple Marginalization Experiences KIRSTYN YUK SIM CHUN California State University, Long Beach, California, USA ANNELIESE A. SINGH The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA This article introduces the bisexual youth of color (BYOC) intersecting identities development model. Grounded in literature regarding racial/ethnic, lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, questioning (LGBQQ), gender identity and adolescent identity development, this model assumes an ecological perspective (Bronfrenbrenner, 1989) in exploring the complexity of intersecting identities for bisexual youth of color. This model represents a dynamic conceptualization of the ﬂuidity with which the identities of sexually ﬂuid youth of color may continually evolve in response to changes within the microsystem and macrosystem of their lives. With potential applications for practice, research, and training, the BYOC intersecting identities development model seeks to fundamentally change clinical, empirical and pedagogical conversations about the identity development of bisexual youth of color. KEYWORDS bisexual, LGBT, youth, people of color, multicultural, identity development This article proposes a model of identity development for bisexual youth of color drawing from the literature on racial/ethnic, lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, questioning (LGBQQ), gender identity and adolescent identity development. There has been a general call to the ﬁeld to develop Address correspondence to Kirstyn Yuk Sim Chun, Counseling and Psychological Services, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellﬂower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA 90840-0111, USA. E-mail: [email protected] conceptual models clinicians may use to attend to the intersecting identities clients present within counseling and psychotherapy, particularly those clients who hold historically marginalized identities (Firestein, 2007; Inman, 2008). The response to this call has been slow, however, leaving signiﬁcant gaps in practice and training with regard to clients whose identities intersect at locations of oppression. Literature regarding youth of color has sometimes focused exclusively on race, without integrating exploration and discussion of sexual and gender ﬂuidity (Fleming, Catalano, Haggerty, & Abbott, 2010; Tiet, Huizinga, & Byrnes, 2010). Previous literature on LGBQQ youth has included bisexual youth in its title but rarely pays speciﬁc attention to the unique stressors bisexual youth may encounter (D'Augelli, 2006; Marshal, Friedman, Stall, & Thompson, 2009). Similarly, scholarship on bisexual youth focuses on issues of sexual orientation and occasionally gender identity, leaving issues of racial/ethnic identity development relatively unaddressed (Entrup & Firestein, 2007; Zhao, Montoro, Igartua, & Thombs, 2010). The purpose of this article is to expand the body of literature regarding bisexual youth of color, using Feldman and Elliott's (1990) deﬁnition of middle and late adolescence (age 15–20 years). In doing so, a review of racial/ethnic identity development, LGBQQ adolescent identity development, bisexual identity development and gender identity development is provided. The article proposes a bisexual youth of color (BYOC) intersecting identities development model (see Figure 1) that assumes an ecological perspective (Bronfenbrenner, 1989) in exploring the complexity of intersecting identities for bisexual youth of color. This model represents a dynamic conceptualization of the ﬂuidity with which the identities of sexually ﬂuid youth of color may continually evolve in response to changes within the microsystem (e.g., primary social support and youth resilience) and macrosystem (e.g., sociopolitical context) of their lives. Although the model is inclusive of a range of identities, it is intended for clinical use with cases in which bisexual, broader LGBQQ, gender and racial/ethnic minority identity issues are most salient. A case example is provided to illustrate application of the model. RACIAL/ETHNIC IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT The racial/ethnic identity of bisexual youth of color is rarely explored in counseling and psychological research, which is not surprising as issues of race and ethnicity are often overlooked in research regarding sexual minority youth in general (Berlan, Corliss, Field, Goodman, & Austin, 2010; Corliss et al., 2010). Racial/ethnic identity development models generally share a focus on the ways in which youth begin to understand their status in relation to a particular ethnic group (Holcomb-McCoy, 2005). These models also explore the processes through which youth of color understand how their racial and ethnic groups are perceived by others (Phinney, 1993; Rivas-Drake, Hughes, & Way, 2009). For instance, Phinney (1993) proposed three stages of ethnic identity development for ethnic minority youth. She based her model on existing models of identity development and racial/ethnic identity development and explored her model through qualitative interviews with 10th graders. In the ﬁrst stage, unexamined ethnic identity, a youth's ethnic identity is rarely explored as the youth ascribes to majority culture values and attitudes. The second stage—ethnic identity search/moratorium—includes a "growing awareness that not all cultural values of the dominant group are beneﬁcial to ethnic minorities" (p. 69). In the third stage, ethnic identity achievement, youth begin to accept and internalize their ethnicity as an important part of who they are. Helms' (1990) model of racial identity development centers experiences of racist stereotypes, bias and internalized racism as core components of the model. In this way, the Helms' model acknowledges the lived experiences of people of color as racialized beings. This model identiﬁes ﬁve ego statuses (previously termed "stages") of the people of color racial identity development model: conformity, dissonance, immersion, emersion, internalization and integrated awareness. In later writing on the model, Helms (1996) added that these "stages" should not be thought of as linear processes but instead should be viewed as "statuses" that people of color may cycle into and out of based on their racialized experiences. It is important to note that Helms recognized the unique differences between racial and ethnic group experiences. However, Helms also asserted that most people of color share experiences of being treated as non-White individuals in society and therefore share similar coping strategies in common. Therefore, it is important to understand how coping strategies related to racial/ethnic identity development inﬂuence the well-being of bisexual youth of color. Rivas-Drake et al. (2009) used an ecological framework to examine the racial/ethnic identity development of 483 urban sixth graders in New York City. Their ﬁndings suggested that the ethnic identity socialization of these youth was positively correlated with that of their parents. In these cases, the youth demonstrated an increase in (1) positive thoughts and feelings about their own racial/ethnic group, (2) increased levels of identiﬁcation with their own racial/ethnic group (ethnic centrality), and (3) an enhanced understanding of ways in which others might perceive the youth's racial/ethnic group. Rodr´ıguez, Umana-Taylor, Smith, and Johnson (2009) identiﬁed important ﬁndings with regard to adolescent racial/ethnic identity development across seven studies. These studies tested hypothetical models regarding the extent to which parental racial/ethnic socialization is associated with youth's academic and personal well-being. The authors found across the studies that racial/ethnic socialization messages focusing on cultural pride and preparing youth of color for the potential of racial/ethnic discrimination resulted in higher levels of self-esteem and racial/ethnic identity development among youth. The authors did note discrepancies across the studies between some of the racial/ethnic groups to which youth of color belonged, suggesting a need for additional scholarship regarding cross-cultural comparisons of adolescent racial/ethnic identity development. Integrating models by Phinney (1993) and Helms' (1990, 1996) model— in addition to noting recent studies on racial/ethnic identity development—it seems clear that counselors and psychologists working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and questioning youth should explore ways in which the racial/ethnic identity development of bisexual youth of color may be inﬂuenced by (1) the degree to which they experience cultural pride and (2) their perceptions of their own racial/ethnic group. Clinicians must also assess the extent to which youth racial/ethnic identity statuses are related to their personal and academic achievement. In the following section, we review LGBQQ adolescent identity development in general. LGBQQ ADOLESCENT IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT Available literature regarding adolescents who identify as LGBQQ has typically emphasized potential stressors LGBQQ youth may experience regarding identity acceptance and disclosure (e.g., Hershberger & D'Augelli, 2000; Ritter & Terndrup, 2002). In their review of empirical literature regarding LGBQQ adolescents, Anhalt and Morris (2003) noted these youth may experience victimization related to sexual orientation, negative consequences of coming out to others and exposure to high-risk sexual behaviors. It is within this sociopolitical context that LGBQQ adolescents must explore their sexual identities, connect with the larger queer community, negotiate dating and sexual relationships, consider coming out to family and friends and cope with social environments that may be unsupportive of their sexual orientations (Hershberger & D'Augelli, 2000). Since the late 1970s, several models of lesbian and gay identity have been proposed (e.g., Cass, 1979, 1983; Coleman, 1981; Troiden, 1989). These early models outlined developmental stages through which LGBQQ individuals are assumed to progress as they explore, accept and disclose their sexual orientations. A full review of these models is beyond the scope of this article; however, it should be noted that the concept of "sexual ﬂuidity" complicates discussions about LGBQQ adolescent identity development. Savin-Williams (2005) deﬁned sexual ﬂuidity as "a ﬂexible identity that affords greater freedom of expression, potential, openness, and a breaking of boundaries" (p. 174). With this particular population, sexual ﬂuidity may simply be a by-product of developmental process as adolescents explore new sexual interests (Petersen, Leffert, & Graham, 1995) with or without choosing to label themselves as LGBQQ (Anhalt & Morris, 2003). Alternatively, sexual ﬂuidity that emerges in adolescence may result in a fully integrated bisexual identity (or other bisexual identity label with modiﬁers, such as "bi-lesbian" or "bi-queer") that remains stable over time (Rodr´ıguez Rust, 2007). BISEXUAL, QUEER AND QUESTIONING IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT It was precisely these limitations of the early lesbian and gay identity development stage models that prompted demand for more nuanced models reﬂecting the inherent complexity of bisexual identity development (Fox, 1995; Morrow, 1989; Paul, 1996; Zinik, 1985). Given the variability in bisexual types (Weinberg, Williams, & Pryor, 1994), bisexual patterns (Rust, 1993) and bisexual histories (Zinik, 1995), 1990s literature on this topic clariﬁed that bisexual identity development should not be expected to resemble the linear process and ﬁxed outcomes suggested by the lesbian and gay identity development models. Early models of bisexual identity development (Collins, 2000; Weinberg et al., 1994) continued to conceptualize identity in terms of stages but discarded the notion that bisexual identity development ends in universal ﬁxed outcomes. Weinberg and colleagues (1994) developed the following set of stages to describe bisexual identity development: initial confusion, ﬁnding and applying the label, settling into the identity and continued uncertainty. Collins (2000) compared processes of identity development for bisexual and biracial individuals, suggesting parallels between the two courses of identity development in the following stage model: Phase I—Questioning/Confusion, Phase II—Refusal/Suppression, Phase III—Infusion/Exploration, and Phase IV—Resolution/Acceptance. Subsequent shifts in the literature have reﬂected new trends among youth who identify as bisexual (or some other form of sexually ﬂuid) and eschew traditional sexual identity labels (e.g., Entrup & Firestein, 2007; Russell, Clark, & Clary, 2009; Savin-Williams, 2005). Indeed, Entrup and Firestein (2007) have dubbed today's youth, ages 15 to 35, "The Next Generation" with a "sexuality that is characterized by ﬂuidity, ambisexuality, a reluctance to label their sexuality" (p. 89). Similarly, Savin-Williams (2005) described the recent trend away from sexual identity labels among sexually ﬂuid youth, "These young people are repudiating the appropriateness and artiﬁciality of dichotomous deﬁnitions of sexual identity as they challenge cultural deﬁnitions of gay lives" (p. 209). GENDER IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT Although recent scholarship regarding sexual minority youth has begun to emphasize the signiﬁcance of sexual ﬂuidity, theorists have suggested that gender identity development has a complex interaction with socialization processes as well (Singh, Boyd, & Whitman, 2010). To date, there has been no speciﬁc exploration of the gender identity development of bisexual youth in general or bisexual youth of color speciﬁcally. However, there has been a general exploration of gender identity development and related socialization processes. Szkrybalo and Ruble (1999) suggested three stages of gender identity development for children and discussed gender and sex as interrelated constructs. In the ﬁrst stage, between age 9 months and 3 years, children develop gender identity, where they are able to label the sex of others and their own sex. Children then achieve the second stage, gender stability, by age 4 years, where they realize their sex remains stable as they grow older. In the third stage, from age 4 to 7 years, children develop gender constancy—or the realization that their sex identity does not change as their selection of clothing, activities, hairstyles or personality traits evolves over time. Although Szkrybalo and Ruble (1999) do not speciﬁcally integrate the inﬂuences of sexism into their theory of early gender identity development, it is important to recognize that signiﬁcant differences exist in the ways adolescent girls and boys are socialized based on their assigned gender. For instance, Leapner and Brown (2008) explored how sexism speciﬁcally inﬂuenced the lives of 600 adolescent girls. Their ﬁndings suggested the majority of participants experienced high rates of discrimination based on their gender in the classroom and with regard to athletics. More than 90% of the sample reported sexual harassment by peers. Adolescent boys do not seem to escape the costs of sexism in their own identity development either. Chu (2008) encouraged researchers and theorists of boys' identity development to take a relational approach to understanding their gender socialization and identity processes. Chu suggested there is a cost of the masculine privilege adolescent boys hold, resulting in negative consequences for psychological well-being, social interactions and experiences in relationships. Priess, Lindberg, and Hyde (2009) conducted a longitudinal study of 410 adolescent girls and boys regarding "gender intensiﬁcation" (pressure to adopt socialized gender roles) and its relationship to mental health. Their ﬁndings indicated girls demonstrated higher levels of femininity at ages 11, 13 and 15 than boys in the study. However, diverging from previous research, the girls and boys did not report differences in masculinity. In addition, levels of masculinity predicted fewer depressive symptoms when the youth in this study experienced moderate levels of stress. The authors indicated a need for researchers to revisit conceptualizations of gender identity development within a more modern framework. A MODEL OF IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT FOR BISEXUAL YOUTH OF COLOR Each of the above models describing racial/ethnic identity, LGBQQ adolescent identity, bisexual identity and gender identity development has contributed signiﬁcantly to our understanding of the developmental processes for adolescents. However, their singular focus on one aspect of identity has rendered application of these models to youth with "multiple minority" identities challenging. For example, racial/ethnic minority identity models may not capture the full experience of bisexual youth of color. The same criticism may be levied against the LGBQQ adolescent identity models, in their failure to account for cultural factors that may affect development. In addition, LGBQQ models sometimes focus more on the experiences of lesbian and gay youth, ignoring variations in sexual and gender ﬂuidity. Psychologists seeking to understand bisexual youth of color and other individuals who are marginalized on multiple fronts must often resort to additively applying the above models in an effort to understand the complexity of intersecting identities. Although resourceful, this approach cannot account for the exponential or interactive effect of one aspect of minority identity exacerbating another. Indeed Jamil, Harper, Fernandez, and the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (2009) noted that many racial/ethnic minority identity models promote immersion in communities of color (Cross, 1978; Helms, 1990) at a time when LGBQQ youth of color may feel uncomfortable in communities of color that retain heterosexist and homophobic attitudes (Chung & Katayama, 1998; Parks, 2001). In addition, LGBQQ youth of color may encounter racism from White lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) counterparts, which prohibits full access to the queer community support suggested by the LGBQQ adolescent identity models (Harper, Jernewall, & Zea, 2004; Martinez & Sullivan, 1998). The ﬁeld of psychology is beginning to recognize the importance of exploring intersections of identities like race and sexual orientation (e.g., Jamil et al., 2009). Consistent with this trend, this article proposes a model of identity development for bisexual youth of color. The bisexual youth of color intersecting identities development model, hereafter known as the BYOC intersecting identities development model, includes aspects of the four identity models discussed above (racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual and gender identities) but differs from its predecessors by directly addressing intersections of these identities within the sociopolitical context. The proposed model's emphasis on intersecting identities therefore encourages a more holistic view of identity development among bisexual youth of color, as compared to previous models that attended only to singular aspects of identity. Although the model is inclusive of a full range of identities, it is intended for clinical use in cases where bisexual, broader LGBQQ, gender and racial/ethnic minority identity issues are most salient, as empirical research literature (e.g., Rosario, Schrimshaw, & Hunter, 2004, 2008) has identiﬁed speciﬁc stressors associated with the intersection of sexual, gender and racial/ethnic minority identities. In addition, bisexual people of color may experience unique stressors, such as bi-phobia and limited support, that tend to isolate them further from racial/ethnic, heterosexual and LGBT communities (Collins, 2000, 2007; Ferrer & G´omez, 2007; Scott, 2007). Description of the BYOC Intersecting Identities Development Model Speciﬁcally, the BYOC intersecting identities development model posits that the resiliency of bisexual adolescents of color affects and is affected by these intersections of identities. For example, exposure to multiple forms of marginalization often places individuals at risk for mental health issues (Greene, 1997; Meyer, 2003). When this occurs, resiliency of bisexual adolescents of color is affected by intersections of identities. If, however, individuals learn to adapt and overcome different types of discrimination, they emerge strengthened by adversity and better prepared for the next set of challenges. Indeed, Meyer (2003) emphasized the importance of "stress ameliorating factors" (p. 677) in addressing minority stress. In the best of circumstances, experiences with marginalization bring not only stress but potential resources like group solidarity and cohesiveness that mitigate adverse mental health effects of minority stress (Miller & Major, 2000; Postmes & Branscombe, 2002). When this occurs, resilience of bisexual adolescents affects intersections of identities. The BYOC intersecting identities development model is depicted graphically in Figure 1. The illustration of this model includes two large concentric circles that encompass a cluster of seven smaller circles. The largest concentric circle represents the sociopolitical context (macrosystem) in which the bisexual youth of color lives. The smaller concentric circle symbolizes the bisexual youth of color identity development (microsystem). The cluster of seven smaller circles signiﬁes distinct, but overlapping, identity development processes (racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual, gender identity development, ability, socioeconomic and religious/spiritual). The areas of overlap represent intersections of these different aspects of identity. The conceptualization of a single racial/ethnic identity development process was intended to highlight themes common to many people of color groups (e.g., Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, 1998; Helms, 1990; Phinney, 1993) rather than minimizing differences between groups. As mentioned above, the model is inclusive of a range of identities but is intended for clinical use in cases where bisexual, broader LGBQQ, gender and racial/ethnic identity issues are most salient. The case example provided below therefore focuses on the model's application to bisexual, broader LGBTQQ, gender and racial/ethnic minority identity issues. SOCIOPOLITICAL CONTEXT Consistent with the authors' commitment to social justice, this model adopts a community psychology perspective by making explicit the sociopolitical factors (macrosystem) that affect the mental health of bisexual youth of color in the largest concentric circle, sociopolitical context. Whereas previous identity models (e.g., Helms, 1990; Phinney, 1993; Szkrybalo & Ruble, 1999; Troiden, 1989; Weinberg et al., 1994) acknowledged social environment factors only from the perspective of individual thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, the BYOC intersecting identities development model explicitly incorporates elements of Brofenbrenner's (1989) ecological systems theory like the macrosystem (laws, customs, attitudes and values of one's community) as well as the microsystem (people and circumstances to which individual is exposed on a daily basis). Although similar to the ecological systems theory in its acknowledgement of macrosystem and microsystem, the BYOC intersecting identities development model differs in its emphasis on intersections of identity within the microsystem. BISEXUAL YOUTH OF COLOR IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT Within the sociopolitical context (macrosystem), the bisexual youth of color identity development (microsystem) smaller concentric circle includes the various identity development processes the individual may experience (i.e., racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual, gender identity development, ability, socioeconomic and religious/spiritual). The BYOC intersecting identities development model posits these aspects of identity may interact throughout the youth's development. This is represented graphically in Figure 1 as a cluster of seven smaller overlapping circles depicting racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual, gender identity development, ability, socioeconomic and religious/spiritual identity development. The conceptualization of LGBQQ adolescent identity development and bisexual identity development as distinct identity development processes within this model may initially seem confusing, as LGBQQ identity development should by deﬁnition include bisexual identity development as well. The inclusion of bisexual identity development as a construct separate from LGBQQ identity development within this model, however, was intentional. As noted above, in theory and in practice 'GBQQ' often really includes only 'LG.' The supposed inclusion of 'B' and even 'QQ' in the 'LGBQQ' acronym often represents well-intentioned, but unfulﬁlled, efforts at including issues that are never really addressed in some settings. In addition, bisexual youth may experience unique stressors as compared to their lesbian and gay counterparts, such as complex identity development processes (Fox, 1995; Morrow, 1989; Paul, 1996; Zinik, 1985), "double discrimination" from lesbian/gay and heterosexual communities (Ochs, 1996, p. 217), and signiﬁcantly less social support and resources than lesbian and gay peers (Mulick & Wright, 2002; Ochs, 1996; Weiss, 2003). For these reasons, the BYOC intersecting identities development model explicitly identiﬁes bisexual identity development as a distinct and signiﬁcant process. The model also includes LGBQQ identity development to represent the acculturation youth often experience to the general nonheteronormative community. Although Figure 1 is by necessity a static illustration, the model itself is intended to be viewed as a dynamic conceptualization in which (1) components of the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem (i.e., racial/ethnic identity development, LGBQQ adolescent identity development, bisexual identity development and gender identity development) and (2) areas of overlap, which represent intersections of identities within the bisexual youth of color identity microsystem, may increase or decrease in size depending on the individual's sociopolitical context (macrosystem) and personal resilience (found within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem). For example, many youth of color are raised within families that share the youth's racial and ethnic identity. If family support is strong enough to offset racial and ethnic discrimination encountered at the sociopolitical level, then healthy racial and ethnic identities are more likely to develop. This trajectory is even more probable if youth resilience is also present within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. However, families of color may or may not have experience with or knowledge of concepts of sexual and gender ﬂuidity. Limited understanding of these concepts may lead to limited support for the sexual and gender minority identity development of youth. In the worst cases, outright rejection of sexual and gender minority identities can signiﬁcantly impair development of LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual and gender minority identity development. In this case, the graphic representation of the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem would include a larger circle for racial/ethnic identity development, meaning this area has grown in response to support within the microsystem (e.g., parental assistance, youth resilience) sufﬁcient to offset racial and ethnic discrimination at the macrosystem (sociopolitical context) level. Smaller, overlapping circles for LGBQQ adolescent identity development, bisexual identity development and gender identity development within the same graphic representation would suggest these areas are limited in their development due to limited support within the microsystem and macrosystem levels. To continue with this example, bisexual youth of color who subsequently manage to befriend other sexual minority peers during adolescence could then experience growth in LGBQQ adolescent identity development within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. The presence of youth resilience within the microsystem would support this growth and be more likely to compensate for any heterosexism within the sociopolitical context at the macrosystem level. A graphic representation of the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem at this phase would include two larger circles for racial/ethnic identity development and LGBQQ adolescent identity development, indicating both aspects of identity have experienced growth. In cases where such youth receive support for sexual minority identity as a general concept but do not receive speciﬁc support (or worse, discrimination and rejection) for bisexual and any gender nonconﬁrming identities, then the graphic representation would still include two smaller circles for bisexual identity development and gender identity development. This illustration would indicate minimal development of bisexual and gender identities, due to limited support for these aspects of identity within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. Using the same example, bisexual youth of color who subsequently locate support for their bisexual identities (perhaps through a peer, teacher or parent educated about sexual ﬂuidity) could then continue with bisexual identity development within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. Again, the presence of youth resilience would support this process and likely offset bi-phobia encountered within the sociopolitical context at the macrosystem level. A graphic representation of the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem at this phase would include three enlarged circles for racial/ethnic identity development, LGBQQ identity development and bisexual identity development. If a bisexual youth of color in this situation felt that hir 1 gender identity was not congruent with hir sex assigned at birth, then additional support would be needed for healthy gender identity development. If the gender nonconﬁrming bisexual youth of color in this case were to receive such support from peers or adults in hir life, then growth of gender identity development within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem is more likely to occur. The presence of youth resilience would increase the likelihood of this trajectory, as it could compensate for transphobia encountered at the sociopolitical context of the macrosystem level. A graphic representation of the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem at this phase would include a fourth enlarged circle for gender identity development along with enlarged circles for racial/ethnic identity development, LGBQQ identity development, and bisexual identity development. It should be noted that bisexual and other sexually ﬂuid individuals may or may not identify as gender nonconforming, as gender identity is a construct often related to but distinct from sexual orientation. Although beyond the scope of this article, changes in identity development regarding ability, socioeconomic status and religious/spiritual afﬁliation may also support or exacerbate the development of other intersecting aspects of identity among bisexual youth of color. Thus far, the examples used to illustrate application of the BYOC intersecting identities development model have focused on differences in development among racial/ethnic, LGBQQ, bisexual and gender identity development within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem with the acknowledgment that other aspects of identity like ability, socioeconomic status and religious/spiritual identity may inﬂuence development. This model is also intended to portray a dynamic conceptualization in which areas of overlap among racial/ethnic, LGBQQ, bisexual and gender identities may increase or decrease in size depending on the individual's sociopolitical context (macrosystem) and personal resilience (found within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem). These areas of overlap are intended to illustrate intersections of identities within the bisexual youth of color identity microsystem. For example, larger areas of overlap between racial and ethnic identity development, LGBQQ adolescent identity development and bisexual identity development might occur in situations where bisexual youth of color are raised in cultural traditions that are more permissive of sexual ﬂuidity (e.g., two-spirit tradition in some Native cultures). Similarly, areas of overlap between racial and ethnic identity development and gender identity development may also emerge for youth exposed to cultural traditions that tolerate increased gender ﬂuidity. Increased intersection of identities may also occur between LGBQQ adolescent identity development and bisexual identity development in cases where bisexual youth of color discover LGBTQQ communities that are inclusive and afﬁrmative of bisexual individuals. Although racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual and gender identity development processes within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem can and should be viewed as distinct, increased intersections among these aspects of identity may reduce internal conﬂict, support youth resilience and therefore help bisexual youth of color better negotiate challenges within the sociopolitical context of the macrosystem level. It should be noted that the BYOC intersecting identities development model is intended to permit ﬂuidity within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem (i.e., aspects of identity development, primary social support system, youth resilience) as well as acknowledge shifts in the sociopolitical context level of the macrosystem. In creating a model of intersecting identities for bisexual youth of color, it seemed especially important to acknowledge the ﬂuidity inherent in a bisexual identiﬁcation process that may develop, and redevelop, over time. It should also be noted that the examples provided above depict only one possible trajectory for the development of intersecting identities among bisexual youth of color. Given the diversity among bisexual youth of color, their microsystems and their macrosystems, it would be reasonable to assume that their development might follow any number of trajectories in a variety of sequences. Clinical Application of the BYOC Intersecting Identities Development Model A clinical case example is provided to illustrate application of the BYOC intersecting identities development model. Because the model is intended for use with cases in which bisexual, broader LGBQQ adolescent, gender and racial/ethnic identity issues are most salient, this ﬁctional case example focuses primarily on these issues. The signiﬁcance of other identity issues regarding ability, socioeconomic status and religious/spiritual afﬁliation is acknowledged. Use of this model in clinical settings should include attention to these and other aspects of identity in the broader context of counseling. CASE VIGNETTE Lupe is a 19-year-old, single, bilingual, second-generation Mexican American who identiﬁes as a bisexual. She was assigned the female sex at birth and uses female pronouns but identiﬁes as "stud" or "butch." She is a sophomore in college, majoring in chemistry. Originally from a rural, agricultural town, she now lives on campus and is active in student organizations afﬁliated with her college and the campus Multicultural Center. Lupe is the ﬁrst in her family to attend college, but she helps her parents manage the family's restaurant when she returns home during winter and summer breaks. Raised Catholic, she now describes herself as "spiritual" but no longer attends church. She denied any disabilities at the present time. Lupe's family discovered her same-sex attraction when they found her kissing a female friend in high school. Since then her father has struggled to accept his eldest daughter might be lesbiana, while her mother avoids eye contact and refuses to speak to any of Lupe's female friends, fearing they might be girlfriends. In fact, Lupe has had romantic and sexual relationships with mostly women but some men as well since then. When asked about her sexual identity, however, she rolls her eyes and sighs, "I'm bi, I guess . . . I like being with girls or guys . . . but I don't dare tell my parents. The last thing I need is them getting their hopes up and thinking I'm going to get married in the church and produce grandkids, like they always wanted." Despite having a growing network of LGBT and heterosexual friends, Lupe reports reluctance to share her bisexual identity with any of them. Biting her lip, she explains, "I hear how all my lesbian friends talk about bisexuals . . . like we're all 'sluts' or just 'going through a phase.' What would they think of me if they found out? And I would never tell my straight guy friends . . . they're cool and will play ball with me, but if they thought there was a chance for them, they'd probably ask for a three-way or something. And with me being butch and all, that'd probably confuse everyone even more." Lupe presents in counseling with moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety regarding recent changes in her social support network. She reports her girlfriend ended their one-year relationship a few months ago. Since then, Lupe has "hooked up" occasionally with "a couple" of women and one male friend. She has also been experiencing increased tension in her friendships. Lupe lost contact with her girlfriend's friends following the "break up," her roommate has been asking questions about why Lupe is avoiding their male friend (with whom Lupe recently had sex), and she is currently "not talking to" two good friends following a heated debate about state and federal immigration policies in class. CASE CONCEPTUALIZATION The BYOC intersecting identities development model will be used to formulate a case conceptualization of Lupe. Sociopolitical context. The sociopolitical context, or macrosystem, in which Lupe lives includes a national debate regarding immigration policies and federal laws that are not fully inclusive of LGBT rights. As a bisexual youth of color, Lupe's mental health is likely affected by laws, customs, attitudes and values that treat her differently on the basis of her sexual orientation, gender identity/expression, race/ethnicity or other aspects of her identity. In particular, her identity as a Mexican American youth may place her at risk for stereotyping, prejudice and implicit bias (American Psychological Association, 2010) by anti-immigration individuals or groups who assume all Latinas/os are undocumented. As noted in the case vignette, the tension surrounding the national debate on immigration has already affected some of Lupe's friendships, following a heated classroom debate about the role of immigrants in the economy. In addition, Lupe's experiences growing up in a rural town with limited LGBT resources may have increased feelings of loneliness and isolation. Bisexual youth of color identity development. Throughout her adolescence, Lupe's overall development may be inﬂuenced by the interaction of racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual, gender identity, ability, socioeconomic status, religious/spiritual and other identities. This discussion focuses on ways in which racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual and gender identities interact within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem, because the model is intended for cases in which these issues are most salient. Racial/ethnic identity development. An intake evaluation with Lupe revealed early awareness of her racial/ethnic identity development. Growing in a rural, agricultural town where Latinas/os and Anglos interacted only in occupational settings, Lupe relied upon her family and community for support when Anglo classmates used racial slurs to describe her and her monolingual parents in elementary school. Although challenging, Lupe described these experiences as signiﬁcant in solidifying her sense of herself as a Mexican American individual with a strong sense of cultural identity. She credited her family and community for helping her maintain cultural traditions like making tamales at Christmas and visiting the cemetery in observance of Dia de Los Muertos. The BYOC intersecting identities development model can therefore be used to understand Lupe's racial/ethnic identity development as a bisexual youth of color within the sociopolitical context of a rural, agricultural area with few LGBT resources and a history of tension between Latinas/os and Anglos. With family and community support, her racial/ethnic identity development ﬂourished in spite of the sociopolitical context within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. LGBQQ identity development. Although aware of her interest in females and males at an early age, Lupe reported trying to "push away" these thoughts, focus on "boy crushes" in junior high school and trade pants for dresses along with her female friends. Her sense of isolation was acute at this age. She explained, "I didn't even know what 'gay' or 'stud' or 'butch' meant at the time, never even heard of anyone like me . . . never saw anyone like me." Confused by these feelings, Lupe had the vague sense that, "There are certain things you just don't talk about in the family. . . Mexican girls are supposed to grow up, get married, have kids, and take care of the family." When she did ﬁnally act on her strong attraction to a female best friend in high school, Lupe recalled feeling tremendously conﬂicted about "being a total embarrassment to the family . . . the whole town could ﬁnd out." When her parents did ﬁnally discover Lupe's relationship with her best friend, their disappointment and anger about her presumed lesbiana identity challenged her development as a nonheterosexual adolescent. In regards to LGBQQ identity development, the BYOC intersecting identities development model can be employed to understand Lupe's experiences as a nonheterosexual adolescent coming of age in a Mexican American family in a rural town. Again, the inﬂuence of the sociopolitical context is apparent. Growing up in rural area with limited LGBT resources exacerbated her sense of isolation and hindered LGBQQ identity development. The model also emphasizes that Lupe's development as a nonheterosexual youth must be viewed in the context of her racial/ethnic identity development. In Lupe's case, the cultural heritage that protected her from racial slurs and other forms of discrimination in childhood initially seemed to detract from her LGBQQ identity development within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. Bisexual identity development. Lupe described her process of coming to terms with her bisexual identity as even more isolating, "With all my gay friends, 'ﬁnding themselves' made them part of something bigger, something special; there were others like them . . . with me, being 'true' to me, being honest about my feelings . . . somehow that suddenly made me 'a slut,' 'into threesomes.' They say, 'bisexuality doesn't even exist.' How come it's okay to talk about me like that, but they get so mad if straight people talk about them that way?" As mentioned in the case vignette above, Lupe is reluctant to reveal her bisexual identity to family and friends. She fears additional questioning of her nonheterosexual identity by her parents and outright rejection from her lesbian and gay friends. The BYOC intersecting identities development model can again be used to understand Lupe's bisexual identity development within the sociopolitical context. In addition to living in a heterosexist society, Lupe is exposed to stereotyping, prejudice and bias regarding her bisexual identity from lesbian/gay and heterosexual communities. The sociopolitical context clearly inhibits healthy development of her bisexual identity. The model honors Lupe's experience of marginalization within lesbian/gay communities by conceptualizing her bisexual identity development as overlapping, but distinct, from her development as a nonheterosexual adolescent. Within the model, her bisexual identity development must be understood in the context of her racial/ethnic and LGBQQ adolescent identity development processes within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. Her strong cultural afﬁliation with her family promotes racial/ethnic identity development while currently inhibiting LGBQQ adolescent and bisexual identity development. Lupe's growing sense of LGBQQ adolescent identity prompts her to conceal her bisexual identity to ensure a strong connection with the larger LGBT community. Gender identity development. Even before her parents discovered her relationship with a high-school girlfriend, Lupe recalled "getting hassled" by her mother about her manner of dress and involvement in athletic activities. She recounted, rolling her eyes, "It was always like . . . 'Oh mija, why don't you ever try to look nice? You know, wear dresses and a little lipstick, like the other girls."' Lupe conﬁded that her identiﬁcation as a "stud" and her "butch" gender presentation also complicated efforts to 'come out' to lesbian and gay peers, "I tried telling my ex-girlfriend I'd slept with guys before, that every once in a while I like it with guys . . . and she just started laughing hysterically, couldn't stop . . . basically she just didn't believe me . . . and I never brought it up again." Even though Lupe does not report struggling with gender identity issues, her concerns about gender expression and its impact on other aspects of her identity can still be addressed by the BYOC intersecting identities development model. When viewed within the sociopolitical context, Lupe's nontraditional gender presentation exposes her to stereotyping, prejudice and bias from others who expect a more traditional gender expression from a Latina individual assigned the female sex at birth. The development of her gender identity/expression may also be understood in terms of her racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent and bisexual identity development within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. Given Lupe's report, it would seem her strong racial/ethnic identity is currently in conﬂict with the development of LGBQQ and bisexual identities and a nontraditional gender expression. Although her LGBQQ adolescent identity development is generally compatible with her "butch" gender presentation, Lupe expressed concerns about her nontraditional gender expression interfering with her bisexual identity development. Ability, socioeconomic status, religious/spiritual afﬁliation and other aspects of identity. Although ability, socioeconomic, religious/spiritual and other identities are beyond the scope of this case example, the vignette suggests that Lupe's socioeconomic status (e.g., ﬁrst-generation college student) and religious/spiritual afﬁliation (e.g., Catholic family) may be relevant to case conceptualization and treatment planning. Although the BYOC intersecting identities development model is intended for use with cases in which bisexual, broader LGBQQ, gender and racial/ethnic minority identity issues are most salient, the model acknowledges the potential inﬂuence of other aspects of identity within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem. Use of this model in clinical settings should include attention to these and other aspects of identity in the broader context of counseling. TREATMENT PLANNING As illustrated above, the BYOC intersecting identities development model acknowledges the inﬂuence of the sociopolitical context (macrosystem) on the bisexual youth of color identity development (microsystem), which includes the intersection of racial/ethnic, LGBQQ adolescent, bisexual, gender identity development, ability, socioeconomic and religious/spiritual identities. In practice, this model could be used to conceptualize the case of Lupe and develop appropriate clinical interventions. Although a variety of theoretical orientations could be paired with the case conceptualization generated by the BYOC intersecting identities development model, it is clear that a systemic, multiculturally competent and bi-afﬁrmative approach is needed in working with Lupe. Systemic interventions that honor her intersecting identities may include psychoeducation about the potential impact of the sociopolitical context (including inclusive bibliotherapy assignments, as appropriate), exploration of her identities and their intersections and referrals to community resources that honor multiple aspects of her identity as a bisexual youth of color (e.g., culturally diverse support group for LGBT youth, culturally diverse community conference for butches, bi-afﬁrmative youth action groups, etc.). It is acknowledged that availability of community resources may depend upon one's geographic location. CONCLUSION The BYOC intersecting identities development model was created in response to traditional identity models regarding racial/ethnic identity, LGBQQ adolescent identity, bisexual identity and gender identity that have tended to focus exclusively on singular aspects of identity development. Acknowledging the complexity of intersecting identities for bisexual youth of color, the BYOC intersecting identities development model represents a dynamic conceptualization of identity development inﬂuenced at the microsystem level (by primary support systems and youth resilience within the bisexual youth of color identity development) and the macrosystem level (sociopolitical context). Within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem, it is expected that various aspects of identity may develop at different rates. This model also asserts that overlaps, or intersections, of development between and among identities are expected and even beneﬁcial to bisexual youth of color. Being able to understand different aspects of their identities, in relation to one another, may help bisexual youth of color resolve any internal conﬂicts, strengthen resilience, seek support from others and eventually negotiate challenges associated with the sociopolitical context. Although theoretical in nature, the BYOC intersecting identities development model lends itself to clinical application, experimental research and enhancement of graduate training programs. Within clinical settings, therapists may use this model to help clients understand the complexity of intersecting identities, set appropriate developmental goals and intervene at the microsystem level (through an afﬁrmative approach to individual psychotherapy) and the macrosystem level (allowing clients to empower themselves through advocacy, when appropriate). Though conceptually based, it is hoped this introduction of the BYOC intersecting identities development model will encourage future research on intersections of identities among bisexual youth of color. We reiterate the need to understand the speciﬁc ways in which identities intersect for groups marginalized in multiple ways. The BYOC intersecting identities development model is intended to generate research questions and provide conceptual literature in which future research might be grounded. For instance, the model may be used conceptually to guide a qualitative examination of the ways in which identities intersect in the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem among different racial/ethnic groups. Quantitative research might test the relationships at intersections of identities within the bisexual youth of color identity development microsystem for salience among bisexual youth of color. Other research might use the BYOC intersecting identities development model to examine constructs like resilience, academic achievement and social support among bisexual youth of color. Mixed method studies could illuminate the efﬁcacy of the model in practitioner training, supervision and practice. 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Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10(3), 187–199. Helms, J. E. (1990). Black and White racial identity: Theory, research, and practice. New York: Greenwood. Helms, J. E. (1996). Toward a methodology for measuring and assessing racial identity as distinguished from ethnic identity. In G. Sodowsky & J. Impara (Eds.), Multicultural assessment in counseling and clinical psychology (pp. 143–192). Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurement. Hershberger, S. L., & D'Augelli, A. R. (2000). Issues in counseling lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents. In R. M. Perez, K. A. DeBord, & K. J. Bieschke (Eds.), Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients (pp. 225–247). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Holcomb-McCoy, C. (2005). Ethnic identity development in early adolescence: Implications and recommendations for middle school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 9, 120–127. Inman, A. G. (2008, August). Race and culture in supervision: Challenges and opportunities. Paper presented at the 116th American Psychological Association Annual Convention, Boston, MA. Retrieved from www.apa.org/earlycareer/pdf/race and culture in supervision.pdf Jamil, O. B., Harper, G. W., Fernandez, M. I., & Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions. (2009). Sexual and ethnic identity development among gay-bisexual-questioning (GBQ) male ethnic minority adolescents. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 15(3), 203–214. Leaper, C., & Brown, C. S. (2008). Perceived experiences with sexism among adolescent girls. Child Development, 79, 685–704. Marshal, M. P., Friedman, M. S., Stall, R., & Thompson, A. L. (2009). Individual trajectories of substance use in lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth and heterosexual youth. Addiction, 104, 974–981. Martinez, D. G., & Sullivan, S. C. (1998). African American gay men and lesbians: Examining the complexity of gay identity development. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 1(2/3), 243– 264. Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. Miller, C. T., & Major, B. (2000). Coping with stigma and prejudice. In T. F. Heatherton, R. E. Kleck, M. R. Hebl, & J. G. Hull (Eds.), The social psychology of stigma (pp. 243–272). New York: Guilford. Morrow, G. D. (1989). Bisexuality: An exploratory review. Annals of Sex Research, 2(4), 283–306. Mulick, P. S., & Wright, L. W., Jr. (2002). Examining the existence of biphobia in the heterosexual and homosexual populations. Journal of Bisexuality, 2(4), 45–64. Ochs, R. (1996). Biphobia: It goes more than two ways. In B. A. Firestein (Ed.), Bisexuality: The psychology and politics of an invisible minority (pp. 217–239). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Parks, C. W. (2001). African-American same-gender-loving youths and families in urban schools. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services: Issues in Practice, Policy, and Research, 13(3), 41–56. Paul, J. P. (1996). Bisexuality: Exploring/exploding the boundaries. In R. C. SavinWilliams & K. M. Cohen (Eds.), The lives of lesbians, gays, and bisexuals: Children to adults (pp. 436–461). Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace College. Petersen, A. C., Leffert, N., & Graham, B. L. (1995). Adolescent development and the emergence of sexuality. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 25(Suppl.), 4–17. Phinney, J. S. (1993). A three-stage model of ethnic identity development in adolescence. In M. E. Bernal & G. P. Knight (Eds.), Ethnic identity: Formation and transmission among Hispanics and other minorities (pp. 61–81). Albany: State University of New York Press. Postmes, T., & Branscombe, N. R. (2002). Inﬂuence of long-term racial environmental composition on subjective well-being in African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 735–751. Priess, H. A., Lindberg, S. M., & Hyde, S. (2009). Adolescent gender-role identity and mental health: Gender intensiﬁcation revisited. Child Development, 80(5), 1531–1544. Ritter, K. Y., & Terndrup, A. I. (2002). Handbook of afﬁrmative psychotherapy with lesbians and gay men. New York: Guilford. Rivas-Drafe, D., Hughes, D., & Way, N. (2009). A preliminary analysis of associations among ethnic-racial socialization, ethnic discrimination, and ethnic identity among urban sixth graders. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(3), 558– 584. Rodr´ıguez Rust, P. C. (2000). Bisexuality in the United States: A social science reader. New York: Columbia University Press. Rodr´ıguez Rust, P. C. (2001). Two many and not enough: The meanings of bisexual identities. Journal of Bisexuality, 1(1), 31–68. Rodr´ıguez Rust, P. C. (2007). The construction and reconstruction of bisexuality: Inventing and reinventing the self. In B. A. Firestein (Ed.), Becoming visible: Counseling bisexuals across the lifespan (pp. 3–27). New York: Columbia University. Rust, P. C. (1993). "Coming out" in the age of social constructionism: Sexual identity formation among lesbian and bisexual women. Gender and Society, 7(1), 50–77. Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E. W., & Hunter, J. (2004). Ethnic/racial differences in the coming-out process of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: A comparison of sexual identity development over time. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10(3), 215–228. Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E. W., & Hunter, J. (2008). Ethnic/racial disparities in gayrelated stress and health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: Examining a prevalent hypothesis. In B. C. Wallace (Ed.), Toward equity in health: A new global approach to health disparities (pp. 427–446). New York: Springer. Russell, S. T., Clarke, T. J., & Clary, J. (2009). Are teens "post-gay"? Contemporary adolescents' sexual identity labels. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 38, 884–890. Savin-Williams, R. C. (2005). The new gay teenager. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Scott, R. L. (2007). Addressing social invalidation to promote well-being for multiracial bisexuals of African descent. In B. A. Firestein (Ed.), Becoming visible: Counseling bisexuals across the lifespan (pp. 207–228). New York: Columbia University Press. Singh, A. A., Boyd, C. J., & Whitman, J. S. (2010). Counseling competency with transgender and intersex individuals. In J. Cornish, L. Nadkarni, B. Schreier, & E. Rodolfa (Eds.), Handbook of multicultural competencies (pp. 415–442). New York: Wiley & Sons. Szkrybalo, J., & Ruble, D. N. (1999). 'God made me a girl': Sex-category constancy judgments and explanations revisited. Developmental Psychology, 35(2), 392–402. Tiet, Q. Q., Huzinga, D., & Byrnes, H. F. (2010). Predictors of resilience among inner city youths. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19(3), 360–378. Troiden, R. R. (1989). The formation of homosexual identities. Journal of Homosexuality, 17(1/2), 43–73. Weinberg, M. S., Williams, C. J., & Pryor, D. W. (1994). Dual attraction: Understanding bisexuality. New York: Oxford University Press. Weiss, J. T. (2003). GL vs. BT: The archaeology of biphobia and transphobia within the U.S. gay and lesbian community. Journal of Bisexuality, 3(3/4), 25–55. Zhao, Y., Montoro, R., Igartua, K., & Thombs, B. D. (2010). Suicidal ideation and attempt among adolescents reporting "unsure" sexual identity or heterosexual identity plus same-sex attraction or behavior: Forgotten groups? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(2), 104–113. Zinik, G. (1985). Identity conﬂict or adaptive ﬂexibility? Bisexuality reconsidered. Journal of Homosexuality, 11(1/2), 7–19.

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IBEX HIGH EFFICIENCY MONOCRYSTALLINE SOLAR MODULES WITH HALF CELL TECHNOLOGY 0+5 Positive power tolerance (0-5W) guaranteed The monolithic perc cell structure technology (low resistance characteristics) is adopted (the maximum conversion efficiency of modules is up to 21.27%) Reduced resistance between cells Less micro cracks, higher output power High performance under low light. Works at cloudy, rainy days EXTREME WEATHER RATING: High-tech aluminium alloy frame, certified for high snow (5400 Pa) and wind loads (2400 Pa) Combines high efficiency PERC bifacial cells with a dual glass construction, which can convert light that hits the back of the module into electricity, generating up to 25% more energy • IEC61215(2016), IEC61730(2016) • ISO9001:2015: Quality Management System • ISO45001:2018 Occupational health and safety management systems SWISSENERGY-SOLAR.CH ## ELECTRICAL DATA AT STC | Parameter | 500 Wp | 505 Wp | |----------------------------------|--------|--------| | Rated power Pmpp [Wp] | 500 | 505 | | Pmpp range to | 0/+5W | 0/+5W | | Rated current Impp [A] | 12.31A | 12.38A | | Rated voltage Vmpp [V] | 40.62V | 40.79V | | Short-circuit current Isc [A] | 13.20A | 13.27A | | Open-circuit voltage Uoc [V] | 48.83V | 48.98V | | Efficiency at STC up to | 21.06% | 21.27% | | Application Class | Class A| Class A| *Specification as per STC (Standard test conditions): irradiance 1000 W/m² | module temperature 25°C | Air Mass = 1.5* ## ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH DIFFERENT REAR SIDE POWER GAIN | Rear Side Power Gain | 5% | 15% | 25% | |----------------------|----|-----|-----| | Maximum Power At STC (Pmax) | 509W | 558W | 606W | | Module Efficiency STC (%) | 21.45% | 23.49% | 25.53% | ## LIMITING VALUES - Max. system voltage [V]: 1500V DC (IEC) - Max. return current [I]: 30A - Operating Temperature: -40 to +85°C - Max. tested pressure load [Pa]: 5400 - Max. tested tensile load [Pa]: 2400 ## TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT | Parameter | Coefficient [%/°C] | |-----------|-------------------| | Isc | 0.05 | | Voc | -0.28 | | Pmax | -0.36 | ## SPECIFICATIONS - Number of cells: 132 (6 x 22) | 182x91 mm - Dimensions: 2094x1134x35 mm - Weight: 25.5 kg - Front-side glass: 2.0/2.0 mm tempered highly transparent anti-reflection solar glass - Frame: Stable, anodised aluminium frame, black - Junction box: Split Junction Box (IP68) - Cable: 4 mm², +300mm,-400mm Cust.Length - Diodes: 3 Diodes - Plug-in connection: MC4 Compatible - Hail test (max. hailstrom): Ø45mm | 23 m/s | 83 km/h ## PACKING CONFIGURATION - Container: 40 HQ - Pieces Per Pallet: 31 - Pallets Per container: 22 - Pieces per Container: 682 The specifications and average values can vary slightly. Relevant is the corresponding data of the individual measurement. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Measurement tolerance depending on equipment: rated power +/- 3%, other values +/- 10%. All information given in this data sheet corresponds to DIN EN 50342. A potential light-induced degradation of the product is not covered by the warranty. Further information in the installation manual. The specific warranty conditions are given under www.swissenergy-solar.ch. ## WARRANTY - **25 YEARS** PRODUCT WARRANTY - **30 YEARS** POWER WARRANTY

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See Video: Jack Mullen: Staying Human as Covid19 Injection Attempts to Redesign Human DNA and Create Patented Products From Those Receiving the 'Vax-Technology' https://lbry.tv/@TheGovernmentRag:a/Jack-Mullen-Jim-Fetzer-Cyber-Human-Corona-VaccineCompany-Owned-Humans-March-5-2021:8 1. https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/matt-margolis/2020/11/27/johns-hopkins-study-sayingcovid-19-has-relatively-no-effect-on-deaths-in-u-s-deleted-after-publication-n1178930 2. https://needtoknow.news/2021/03/new-zealand-doctor-explains-the-non-science-behind-covid19-and-the-e225000-reward-for-anyone-who-can-prove-it-exists/ 3. https://humansarefree.com/2020/10/top-european-neurologists-claims-masks-aredangerous.html 4. https://www.winknews.com/2020/09/23/cdc-shows-covid-19-has-high-survival-rate-doctor-stillwants-to-see-precautions-taken/ 5. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2022483 6. https://childrenshealthdefense.org/translation/national-media-pushes-vaccine-misinformationcoroners-office-never-saw-hank-aarons-body/ 7. https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/johnson-johnson-test-experimental-covid-vaccineinfants/ 8. https://www.law.cornell.edu/definitions/uscode.php 9. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/300aa-22 10. https://needtoknow.news/2021/03/modernas-top-scientist-we-are-actually-hacking-thesoftware-of-life/ 11. https://www.johnkaminski.org/index.php/john-kaminski-american-writer-and-critic-2/310-whatyou-don-t-know-will-kill-you 12. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/flu-cases-covid-england-phe-latest-b1805124.html 13. https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2021/02/18/the-psychological-state-of- america.aspx 14. https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/vaers-reports-death-up/ 15. https://needtoknow.news/2021/03/9-european-countries-halt-oxford-astrazeneca-covid-vaccinedue-to-fears-over-blood-clots-and-deaths/ 16. https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/vaers-covid-vaccine-injury-reports-increase/ 17. https://needtoknow.news/ 18. https://needtoknow.news/2021/01/woman-with-violent-convulsions-warns-others-not-to-getmoderna-experimental-covid-vaccine/ 19. https://needtoknow.news/2021/02/germany-whistleblowers-say-8-out-of-31-residents-in-carefacility-26-died-after-taking-pfizer-vaccine/ 20. https://needtoknow.news/2021/02/second-pfizer-covid-shot-halted-in-spain-after-46-deaths-inone-nursing-home-following-the-first-shot/ 21. https://needtoknow.news/2021/01/a-nursing-home-had-zero-coronavirus-deaths-then-itintroduced-the-covid-19-vaccine-and-24-people-died/ 22. https://needtoknow.news/2021/03/402-deaths-following-covid-vaccines-in-uk/ 23. https://needtoknow.news/2020/12/nurse-says-vaccine-gave-her-bells-palsy-and-warnsamericans-to-reject-the-covid-19-jab/ 24. https://needtoknow.news/2021/03/utah-woman-39-dies-after-second-dose-of-modernas-covidvaccine/ 25. https://needtoknow.news/2021/03/one-nurse-dead-and-another-one-injured-as-austriasuspends-astrazeneca-covid-vaccine-inoculations/ 26. https://needtoknow.news/2021/03/9-european-countries-halt-oxford-astrazeneca-covid-vaccinedue-to-fears-over-blood-clots-and-deaths/ 27. https://needtoknow.news/2020/12/pfizer-vaccine-trial-reported-6-deaths-4-cases-of-bells-palsyand-cases-of-severe-pain/ 28. https://noqreport.com/2021/01/22/mlb-legend-hank-aaron-dies-two-weeks-after-getting-covid19-vaccine/ 29. Original Article: https://blog.thegovernmentrag.com/2021/03/16/gentlemens-genocide-jackmullen/ Gentlemen's Genocide : Catastrophe awaits as Americans opt for a Dangerous Experimental Vaccine for a Disease with 99.99% Survival Rate In war, practice dissimulation, and you will succeed. Sun Zhu War is insidious, genocide is usually preceded by deception. Braindead Americans continue to beLIEve and behave according to 'information" provided by the enemy controlled mainstream media. American mainstream media is now under full control of the enemy which has usurped governments and taken control of the nation and is murdering, maiming, plundering and soon starving the American people. This enemy disguises itself as a deadly disease, pretending the invisible and, as of yet unidentified, disease is causing the death and destruction of the people and prevention requires the destruction of the American way of life. The enemy uses the media to blatantly and conspicuously lie to its audiences in an unprecedented uninterrupted psychological experiment that rivals any brutal and deceptive attack Stalin, Mao, Pol Pot, Bella Kun, and other documented Bolshevik terrorists and mass murderers, had ever conceived. The unrelenting terrorism capitalizes on American's weakness of trusting without justification – a form of pathological altruism. This is the same mainstream media that repeats the physically impossible story of 9/11 or the 1969 moon landings. The American people, on the other hand, can only blame themselves as these lies and obvious contradictions created to support the on-going genocide and culture desolation are exceptionally self-evident; an elephant in the kitchen would be less visible. The once powerful European civilizations scattered around the world are now impotent and incapable of producing even a response as the enemy unleashes a campaign of genocide with intents to wipe out Western Civilization. "in contrast to most people's assumptions, the number of deaths by COVID-19 is not alarming. In fact, it has relatively no effect on deaths in the United States." – Genevieve Briand, assistant program director of the Applied Economics master's degree program at Johns Hopkins University. 1 It is strange though, Americans are not concerned that no evidence of the phantom menace (covid-19) has ever been shown which proves the virus exists. 2 The vast majority of the people are not concerned that wearing masks weakens and sickens the wearer 3 , or that forcing children to wear mask would be considered child abuse in a mentally healthy society. Americans don't mind that documented and widely published evidence claims the survival rate of those said to have covid-19 is 99.9% 4 while survival without death or injury from the covid-19 'vaccine' is 94%. Moreover, 6% of the low-dose group (1 in 20) and 21% of the high-dose group (1 in 5) 5 reported "serious injuries" so grave that they required medical intervention or hospitalization. The Moderna vaccine reported 5x the death rate in Phase 2 as Pfizer's vaccine. Children's Health Defense 6 It matters not to the mindless CNN or FOX news watcher that children and young adults are not susceptible to covid-19 and yet are going to be 'vaccinated'. Days after the FDA approved J&J's COVID vaccine for emergency use, the company announced plans to test the vaccine on newborns, despite the vaccine's risks and strong evidence that COVID poses virtually no risk to healthy children. Johnson and Johnson to Test Vaccines on Infants 7 Somehow, the idea that thousands of normal healthy people, those without any symptoms or any evidence of covid-19, have taken the 'vaccine' and died within 3 weeks; many within 48 hours. It is not even troublesome that the 'vaccine' manufacturers and the pimps called doctors and nurses have no liability for the murder of healthy people by a deliberate injection widely known to kill or damage 4%+ of those injected (shot). The enemy's mainstream media does not talk about the deaths or paralysis, palsies, convulsions and the many other lifelong serious body damage. Unavoidable adverse side effects; warning No vaccine manufacturer shall be liable in a civil action for damages arising from a vaccinerelated injury or death 8 associated with the administration of a vaccine after October 1, 1988, if the injury or death resulted from side effects that were unavoidable even though the vaccine was properly prepared and was accompanied by proper directions and warnings. –42 U.S. Code § 300aa–22 – Standards of responsibility 9 I was recently told by a person who works for a large university that during their 'new normal' zoom meetings the faculty often chit-chat about how soon they will be able to get the 'vaccine' and how side effects are a small price to pay to get the 'protection' provided by vaccination. But they fail to notice that 'vaccine' manufacturers and 'authorities' do not claim the 'vaccine' provides any protection against covid-19 and if they survive still must wear masks. The brutal mockery of, and its acceptance by the weak-brained American, is a signature of the apparent surrender of civilized Americans to the uncivil attack of the enemy. Regular Internet readers mostly refuse to take the shot because they have learned from many principled doctors that the shot is not a vaccine but really a nanotech installation 10 that will one day permanently and irrevocably link you via your Smart Phone to the Deep State, constantly checking not only your health but also your bank account. – MASK DEPENDENT MORONS LEAD SOCIETY INTO SLAVERY 11 People, rather than noticing the contradictions, insult, death, maiming, plunder (due to nationalization of the economy) and the embarrassment, pain and anger that noticing might provoke – prefer the gentleman's approach. American's will "walk quietly into that good night" by cooperating with the enemy, pretending there is a pandemic. The medical industry can no longer count flu deaths 12 because flu and pneumonia and respiratory related deaths must now be called covid-19 deaths. The Gentleman's Genocide can proceed without the painful emotions and bloody conflict caused by wars of the past. This is the civilized end to a civilized people. Covid-19: Mass Delusional Psychosis "Instead of facing reality, the delusional person would rather live in their world of makebelieve. But in order to keep faking reality, they'll have to make sure that everyone else around them also pretends to live in their imaginary world. In simpler words, the delusional person rejects reality. And in this rejection of reality, others have to play along with how they view the world, otherwise, their world will not make sense to them. It's why the delusional person will get angry when they face someone who doesn't conform to their world view … It's one of the reasons why you're seeing so many people who'd happily approve the silencing of any medical experts whose views contradict the WHO or CDC guidelines. 'Obey the rules!' becomes more important than questioning if the rules were legitimate to begin with." The World Is Suffering From Mass Delusional Psychosis 13 – Dr. Joseph Mercola Headlines from the frontlines: Reports of Deaths After COVID Vaccines Up by 259 in 1 Week, CDC Data Show 14 Between Dec. 14, 2020, and Mar. 5, 2021, 31,079 reports of adverse events were submitted to VAERS, including 1,524 deaths, 5,507 serious injuries and 390 reports of Bell's Palsy. Researchers Report that Deaths from Covid Vaccine for Israel's Elderly is 40 Times Greater than Deaths from Covid-19 Itself. 15 As of Feb. 26, 180 pregnant women had reported adverse reactions to COVID vaccines, including 56 reports of miscarriage or premature birth. None of the COVID vaccines approved for Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) have been tested for safety or efficacy in pregnant women. Yet health officials are urging pregnant women to get the vaccine, and many are enthusiastically doing so. As The Defender reported: 16 (below from G. Edward Griffins Need to Know News) 17 ARTICLES TO RESEARCH: Woman with Violent Convulsions Warns Others Not to Get Moderna Experimental COVID Vaccine 18 Germany: Whistleblowers Say 8 out of 31 Residents in Care Facility (26%) Died after Taking Pfizer Vaccine 19 Second Pfizer COVID Shot Halted in Spain after 46 Deaths in One Nursing Home Following the First Shot 20 A Nursing Home had Zero Coronavirus Deaths then it Introduced the COVID-19 Vaccine and 24 People Died 21 402 Deaths Following the COVID Vaccine in UK 22 Nurse Says Covid-19 Vaccine Paralyzed her Face 23 Utah Woman, 39, Dies after Second Dose of Moderna's COVID Vaccine 24 Pfizer Vaccine Trial Reported 6 Deaths, 4 Cases of Bell's Palsy and Cases of Severe Pain 27 One Nurse dead & Another One Injured as Austria Suspends AstraZeneca COVID Vaccines 25 9 European Countries Halt Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID Vaccine Due to Fears over Blood Clots & Deaths 26 — End Need to Know News — The Cover-up of Marvin Hagler's death continues as the lying news media scrambles to say Marvelous Marvin Hagler did not die from the "vax-tech." Much like Hank Aaron's death after CV19 shot 28 , the media has become the master of explaining deaths shortly after taking the so-called "vaccine" by otherwise healthy people as a "coincidence".

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International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal AN ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF JOB SATISFACTION OF TEACHERS OF LUCKNOW CITY Dr. Suman Lata Katiyar, Assistant Professor, Dept. Of Education R. B. S. College, Agra Preeti Shakya, Assistant Professor, Dept. Of Education, Baikunthi Devi Kanya Mahavidyalaya Agra ABSTRACT In Lucknow city, the teachers are working in different types of institutions like government-aided, government-unaided and self-financed. Each school has a unique organisational environment in terms of administration, leadership, and relationships with colleagues and students. Job Satisfaction as a factor being influenced by two variables, organizational environment higher education schools of teacher and personality traits of teachers seems to never have been attracting focus of previous investigators. The purpose of this study is to examine the level of job satisfaction of teachers of Lucknow city of UP state. The primary goal of the Job Satisfaction was to evaluate the job satisfaction of teachers at HSS Schools. The result of the study is shows that HSS schools can use the Teacher's Job Satisfaction Inventory to determine three degrees of job satisfaction: high, average, and low. Organizational Environment Description Scale for HSS schools to determine the sort of organisational environment in their institution and Teacher's Personality Characteristics Inventory to determine three degrees of personality-effective, usual, and frail. The results of the Teacher's Job Satisfaction Inventory may be useful in taking appropriate actions to improve levels of job satisfaction among Teachers. Teachers' Personality Characteristics Inventory scores may be useful in raising their personality level. Keywords:-job satisfaction, concept, theories, job satisfaction inventory and Personality Characteristics INTRODUCTION With increasing commercialisation in education sector, on the one hand when the need for qualified teachers in schools can be met, on the other hand there is a1need to analyse quality at Teacher1Education Institutions. It is essential to understand the organisational environment at the B.Ed level, where secondary school teachers are trained. It should be highlighted right away that the organisational environment is a major factor in effecting desirable changes in teacher trainees, which is the ultimate goal of education. Changes in knowledge, skills, attitudes, and appreciations among teacher trainees can be influenced by the sort of organisational environment that exists. Without a doubt, every philosopher will agree that ultimate goal of any education is to produce a man of good1character and a valuable citizen of the universe. We may attain such education through the quality of education, the quality of instructors, and the quality of the teachinglearning1process. Other things being equal, the quality of education mostly learning transaction cannot be done in a vacuum, but it is a positively oriented activity, for which teacher educators must strive with happiness towards a work and the need to acquire the quality changeprone. This is the appropriate moment to emphasise relevance of Teacher Educators' Job1Satisfaction in connection to the Organizational Environment that exists in colleges. © 2023 by The Author(s). ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal Job satisfaction is an optimal happy sensation received following the completion of a work in lieu of fulfilling the organization's goal. As a result, the organisation benefits, and the worker is compensated in cash or kind. This concept emphasises the1commitment between job happiness & advantages of labour. - the work itself is very important for job satisfaction - job satisfaction means overshadowing the glimmer aspects - job satisfaction is the optimum level of positive feeling and attitude derived from the work, - physical and environmental factors related to the work and the work place, and - job satisfaction is the outcome of the appraisal of a job. LITERATURE REVIEW Sood vishal & anand arti (2010) wrote in the published article on professional commitment among b.ed teacher1educators of himachal Pradesh. To investigate professional1commitment among B.Ed Teacher1Educators, and to investigate gender and experience differences in professional commitment among B.Ed Teacher Educators. Rodrigues, G (2011) conducted research for his Published Article on A Study of Organizational1Environment in professional college libraries & information centres in Mangalore city. Findings shows that there is no substantial difference between college libraries in terms of employee age, experience, and credentials; nevertheless, there is a considerable difference between the three groups of colleges in terms of interpersonal interactions, performance evaluation, and organisational environment advice. Yahyazadeh and Lotfi (2012) investigated link between spiritual intelligence and teacher job satisfaction. Their findings revealed a substantial association between spiritual intelligence and work happiness in teachers, as well as a significant relationship between teachers' spiritual intelligence & their scientific degrees. Kauor (2013) investigated association between spiritual intelligence & work happiness in high school teachers. The findings show a substantial positive association between teachers' spiritual intelligence & work happiness. In terms of spiritual intelligence & job happiness, no significant differences were found b/w private and public high school instructors. The findings of this study also revealed that gender has no effect on spiritual intelligence or work happiness. Academics' opinions of talent identification, talent development, and talent management cultural relevance, according to Annakis et al. (2014), are most important contributors to talent management1competency. According to findings, when management has an integrated HR system that identifies value, measures team and individual performance, investigates & broadens careers, provides1genuine formal feedback, & fosters a culture that rewards high performance, talent management competency stages for teachers are significantly higher. Mathew, A. (2015) analysed talent management techniques and procedures based on worldwide presence, brand identity, & long-term presence A web-based poll of Human Resource1professionals and senior executives in the firms chosen for the study. The research revealed a number of techniques that assisted them in attracting, nurturing, and retaining talent. Susanto (2016) goes on to describe the conditions that affect the organizational environment in the following way. 1) The manager or the boss. Any behavior made by a leader or boss, such as regulations, strategies, funds, corporate practices, and contact styles, affects the environment in many ways. 2) Employee behavior. Employee behavior, especially their needs & actions they take to meet those needs, has an impact on the environment. © 2023 by The Author(s). ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17 (06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal R. Bala (2017) investigated Secondary School Teachers' Job Satisfaction. The findings demonstrated that work satisfaction among instructors cannot be distinguished based on gender. There is no discernible difference in job1satisfaction between secondary school1teachers working in urban & rural settings. There was no significant difference in work satisfaction between secondary school instructors with 10 years of teaching experience & those with more1than 10 years, i.e. Job happiness is unrelated to teaching experience. A., Abdullah, T., and W. (2018) investigated impact of personality, organisational environment, and work satisfaction on organisational citizenship behaviour of teachers at public vocational high schools in Jakarta's Central Jakarta Administration city, DKI Jakarta province. This study employs a quantitative methodology, as well as a survey method. According to study's research hypothesis testing, 1)personality has a direct positive effect on organisational citizenship behaviour, 2)organizational environment has a direct positive effect on organisational citizenship behaviour. Anabelie V. Valdez et al. (2019) investigate the association between teachers' profiles, school organisational environment, and teachers' work satisfaction. According to the findings of the statistical study, teacher characteristics such as age, 1marital status, educational attainment, & teaching experience have a positive and substantial relationship with organisational environment and work satisfaction. Similarly, organisational environment and work satisfaction are highly associated and have inversely proportional connections. Katsantonis and Ioannis (2020) investigated two issues: (a) to confirm mediating role of teachers' self-efficacy in relationship b/w school environment and teachers' job satisfaction, and (b) to tease apart any cross-cultural effects of association of self-efficacy & job satisfaction by comparing teachers' responses. According to findings, self-efficacy is a moderating variable in relationship between school environment & job satisfaction at individual level across cultures, which is consistent with earlier research. Furthermore, the GLM indicated statistically significant cross-cultural differences in teachers' work satisfaction & self-efficacy answers. These findings have consequences for well-being & resilience of teachers. Hareesol Khun-inkeeree et al. (2021) discovered a substantial association between work satisfaction and all organisational characteristics (environment, student interaction, cooperation, decision-making, educational innovation, & school resources). These variables also emerged from the content analysis of interviews on positive and negative feedback from organisational environment topics impacting work satisfaction. ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons: Dr. Suman Lata Katiyar and Preeti Shakya International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal ANALYSIS Table 1 Classification of achieved scores on job satisfaction inventory by teachers workingiin open and autonomous environment According to Table 1, mean of Job satisfaction Inventory scores obtained by Teachers1working in Autonomous environment is greater than the mean of Job satisfaction Inventory scores obtained by Teachers working in Open environment. As a result, it is clear that Teachers1working in Autonomous environments are more1satisfied with their jobs than Teachers1working in Open environments. However, in order to determine the significance of the difference b/w the mean scores, t-value must be determined. Figure 7 depicts the information on the mean of attained scores as per Table 1. The investigator devised a hypothesis to determine the relevance of difference in job satisfaction between Teachers operating in Open Environment and Autonomous Environment. To test this hypothesis, required values such as standard error of mean and t-value were calculated, as shown in Table 2. © 2023 by The Author(s). ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal Table 2 Mean, standard deviation and t-value of teachers working in open and autonomous environment (NS= Not Significant) As shown in Table 2, mean of scores achieved by Teachers in Organizational Environment Description Scale for Teachers in Open Environment is 156.90, and the mean of scores achieved by Teachers in Autonomous Environment is 161.36, the standard deviation of scores achieved by Teachers in Open Environment is 17.51, and the standard error of mean difference is 2.78, and the t value is 1.60. As a result, the estimated t-value is smaller than table value of 1.96 at the 0.05 level. As a result, there is no significant difference in the mean job1satisfaction scores of Teachers1working in Open and Autonomous Environments. Table 3 classification of achieved scores by teachers on job satisfaction inventory working in open environment and controlled environment ` According to Table 3, mean of Job satisfaction Inventory scores attained by Teachers1working in Open environment is greater than the mean of Job satisfaction Inventory scores achieved by Teachers working in Controlled environment. As a result, it is clear that Teachers working in an Open atmosphere have a greater degree of job satisfaction than Teachers working in a Controlled environment. However, in order to determine significance of difference between the mean scores,'t' value must be determined. Figure 8 explains the information about the mean of attained scores from Table 3. © 2023 by The Author(s). ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Corresponding author: Dr. Suman Lata Katiyar and Preeti Shakya International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal The investigator devised a hypothesis to determine the relevance of difference in job1satisfaction between Teachers operating in Open Environment and Controlled Environment. Table 4 shows the values that were calculated to test this hypothesis, such as the standard error of mean and the t-value. Table 4 mean, standard deviationiand t-value of teachers working in open environment and controlled environment ( ** = Significant at 0.01 Level) As shown in Table 4, mean of scores achieved by Teachers in the Organizational Environment Description Scale for Teachers in Open Environment is 156.90, while the mean of scores achieved by Teachers in Controlled Environment is 120.40, the standard deviation of1scores achieved by Teachers in Open Environment is 17.51, while the standard error of mean difference is 6.14, and the t value is 5.94. As a result, the estimated t-value is more than the table value of 2.58 at 0.01 level. As a result, at the 0.01 level, there is a significant difference in mean job satisfaction scores of1Teachers working in Open and Controlled environments. As a result, when mean scores are compared, Teachers working in Open environment had higher mean scores than Teachers working in Controlled environment. Thus, Teachers working in Open environment were shown to be more1satisfied with their jobs than Teachers working in1Controlled environment. © 2023 by The Author(s). ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal Table 5 Classificationiof achieved scores by teachers working in open environment and familiar environment According to Table 5, the mean of Job1Satisfaction Inventory scores reached by Teachers working in Open atmosphere is greater than the mean of scores earned by Teachers1working in Familiar environment. As a result, it is clear that Teachers working in an open atmosphere have better job satisfaction than Teachers working in a familiar context. However, in order to determine the significance of difference between the mean scores, the 't' value must be determined. Figure 3 depicts the information on the mean of attained scores as per Table 5. Figure 3 comparison of mean scores achieved by teachers working in open and familiar environment The investigator devised a hypothesis to determine relevance of the difference in job satisfaction between Teachers operating in Open Environment and Familiar Environment. Table 6 shows the values that were calculated to test this hypothesis, such as the standard error of mean and the t-value. © 2023 by The Author(s). ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Table 6 mean, standard deviationiand t-value of teachers working in open environment and familiarienvironment ( * = Significant at 0.05 Level) As shown in Table 6, the mean of scores obtained by Teachers in Organizational Environment Description Scale for Teachers in Open Environment is 156.90 and 149.44, the standard1deviation of scores obtained by Teachers in Open Environment is 17.51 and 21.14, the standard error of mean difference is 3.77, and the t value is 1.98. As a result, the estimated t-value is more than the table1value of 1.96 at the 0.05 level. As a result, Thus, at the 0.05 level, there is a significant difference in mean job satisfaction scores of Teachers working in1Open and Familiar environments. As a result, when mean scores are compared, Teachers working in Open environment had higher mean scores than Teachers working in Familiar environment. Thus, Teachers working in an Open atmosphere were shown to be more satisfied with1their jobs than Teachers working in a Familiar environment. CONCLUSIONS Job Satisfaction of Teachers Inventory, Organizational Environment Description Scale for HSS schools, and Personality Characteristics of Teachers SS students may find inventory beneficial in their research work. HSS schools can use the Teacher‟s Job Satisfaction Inventory to determine three degrees of job satisfaction: high, average, and low. Organizational Environment Description Scale for HSS schools to determine the sort of organisational environment in their institution and Teacher‟s Personality Characteristics Inventory to determine three degrees of personality-effective, usual, and frail. The results of the Teacher‟s Job Satisfaction Inventory may be useful in taking appropriate actions to improve levels of job satisfaction among Teachers. The Organizational Environment Description Scale for HSS schools scores may be useful in determining the sort of organisational environment that provides a healthy atmosphere in HSS schools. Teachers' Personality Characteristics Inventory scores may be useful in raising their personality level. REFERENCES 1. Maslow, A.H(1954) Motivation and Personality, New York : Hoyer Brown Co., p 126 2. Herzberg, F. ( 1959) , Op cit., pp 145 3. Adams, J.S. (1963) Toward an Understanding of inequity, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol. 67(5), pp. 422-436 4. Locke W.A. (1976), Op cit. pp 1343 5. Vroom, V.H. (1982) Work and Motivation, New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp 82, 181-184 6. Arora,G & Panda,P (1998-99) , Fifty years of Teacher Education in India, New Delhi : NCERT, pp 7-9 7. Sood Vishal & Anand Arti (2010) "Professional Commitment among B.Ed Teacher Educators of Himachal Pradesh" ( Published Article, University of Himachal Pradesh) © 2023 by The Author(s). ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. International Journal of Economic Perspectives,17(06) 313-321 Retrieved from https://ijeponline.com/index.php/journal 8. Rodrigues, G. (2011) "A Study of Organizational Environment in professional college libraries and information centres in Mangalore city" ( Published article ,University of Mangalore) 9. Yahyazadeh S, Lotfi Goodarzi F (2012). "How is the relationship between spiritual intelligence and job satisfaction among teachers?" Int. J. Occupation Social Sci. 3(8):23-31. 10. Kauor M (2013). "Spiritual Intelligence of Secondary School Teachers in relation to Their Job Satisfaction". Int. J. Educ. Res. Technol. 4(3):104-109. 11. Annakis, et al., (2014) Exploring factors: That influence talent management competency of academics in Malaysian GLC„s and non-government universities. Journal of International Business and Economics, 2(4), 163-185. 12. Mathew, A. (2015). Talent management practices in select organizations in India. Global Business Review, 16(1), 137-150. 13. Susanto, A. (2016). Management of Teacher Performance Improvement. Jakarta: Prenadamedia 14. Bala, R. (2017). Job satisfaction: Of secondary school teachers. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(4), 122-126. 15. A., Abdullah, T., & ., W. (2018). The Effect of Personality, Organizational Environment and Job Satisfaction on Teachers Organizational Citizenship Behavior at Public Vocational High School in DKI Jakarta Province. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 6(04), EL–2018. 16. Anabelie V. Valdez et al. (2019) "School Organizational Environment and Job Satisfaction of MSU Junior High School Teachers, February 2019, DOI:10.51386/25815946/ijsmsv2i1p112 17. Katsantonis, Ioannis. (2020). Investigation of the Impact of School Environment and Teachers' Self-Efficacy on Job Satisfaction: A Cross-Cultural Approach. 10. 119-133. 10.3390/ejihpe10010011. 18. Hareesol Khun-inkeeree et al. (2021) "Working on Primary School Teachers' Preconceptions of Organizational Environment and Job Satisfaction". July 2021, International Journal of Instruction, 14(3):567-582. DOI:10.29333/iji.2021.14333a. ISSN: 1307-1637 International journal of economic perspectives is licensed under a Creative Commons

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Jokes About Mathematics jokes about mathematics 1. Why was the equal sign so humble? Because he realized he wasn't less than or greater than anyone else. 2. Why did the triangle break up with the circle? It couldn't stop being so irrational. 3. Why don't parallel lines ever get into arguments? Because they have the same slope. 4. Why did the math book look so sad? Because it had too many problems. 5. Why do plants hate math? Because it gives them square roots. 6. Why did the equal sign feel so left out? Because he was always in between. 7. Why did the math book look so sad? Because it had too many problems. 8. Why do plants hate math? Because it gives them square roots. 9. Why did the equal sign feel so left out? Because he was always in between. 10. Why do plants hate math? Because it gives them square roots. jokes about mathematics 1. Why was the equal sign so humble? Because he realized he wasn't less than or greater than anyone else. 2. Why did the triangle break up with the circle? It couldn't stop being so irrational. 3. Why don't parallel lines ever get into arguments? Because they have the same slope. 4. Why did the math book look so sad? Because it had too many problems. 5. Why do plants hate math? Because it gives them square roots. 6. Why did the equal sign feel so left out? Because he was always in between. 7. Why did the math book look so sad? Because it had too many problems. 8. Why do plants hate math? Because it gives them square roots. 9. Why did the equal sign feel so left out? Because he was always in between. 10. Why do plants hate math? Because it gives them square roots. Jokes About Mathematics There are three people applying for the same job. One is a mathematician, one a statistician, and one an accountant. The interviewing committee first calls in the mathematician. They say "we have only one question. What is 500 plus 500?" The mathematician, without hesitation, says "1000." The committee sends him out and calls in the statistician. Math Jokes - Mathematician Jokes Jokes Math Jokes Math Jokes. You don't have to be a genius to nerd out on these smart math jokes. That's right, even dummies find them funny! Math Jokes | Reader's Digest More jokes about: dad, little Johnny, math, money Three men, a philosopher, a mathematician and an idiot, were out riding in the car when it crashed into a tree. Before anyone knows it, the three men found themselves standing before the pearly gates of Heaven, where St. Peter and the Devil were standing nearby. Best math jokes ever - Unijokes.com - 172 Math jokes << See All of our Jokes Categories Here! 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Four friends have been doing really well in their geometry class: they have been getting top grades for their homework and on the midterm. So, when it's time for the final, they decide not to study on the weekend before, but to drive to another friend's birthday party in another city - even though the exam is scheduled for Monday morning. Geometry Jokes - Math Jokes The best math jokes are right here – these funny math jokes for kids, parents, teachers and anyone who enjoys mathematics. You’ll find jokes about basic math, geometry, calculus, algebra and other subject areas relating to math. **Math Jokes for Kids | Fun Kids Jokes** Jokes about Math. A bunch of Polish scientists decided to flee their repressive government by hijacking an airliner and forcing the pilot to fly them to a western country. **Math Jokes at WorkJoke.com - Profession Jokes** See TOP 10 math jokes from collection of 172 jokes rated by visitors. The funniest math jokes only! 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Mar-Cot Group Of Companies Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, City of Guelph GMBP File: 118170-1 June, 2019 # TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION .......................................................... 1 2. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................... 1 3. PHASE ONE ESA FINDINGS ....................................................................................... 2 3.1 Site Location and Description ............................................................................... 2 3.2 Site Physiography, Geology and Hydrogeology .................................................... 3 3.3 MECP Water Well Records .................................................................................... 3 3.4 Historical Uses of the Site and Surroundings ....................................................... 4 3.4.1 Aerial Photographs ......................................................................................... 4 3.4.2 City Directory ................................................................................................. 4 3.5 Other Records Review .......................................................................................... 5 3.5.1 ERIS Report .................................................................................................. 5 3.5.2 Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks ...................................... 5 3.5.3 TSSA Fuel Safety Division Database ............................................................. 6 3.5.4 Previous Environmental Reports .................................................................. 6 3.6 Site Zoning and Permits ....................................................................................... 6 3.7 Site Reconnaissance .............................................................................................. 6 3.7.1 Site Description .............................................................................................. 6 3.8 Adjacent and Nearby Properties .......................................................................... 7 4. ASSESSMENT FOR AREAS OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (APECs) .......................................................... 8 4.1 Fill Material ........................................................................................................... 8 4.2 Soil Quality ........................................................................................................... 8 4.3 Fuel Storage Tanks ............................................................................................... 9 4.4 Asbestos Containing Materials, Urea Formaldehyde Foam Insulation, Ozone Depleting Substances, Leaded Paint .................................................................................. 9 4.5 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) ..................................................................... 10 4.6 Registered Waste Generators .............................................................................. 10 5. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND ASSESSMENT ......................................................... 11 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................... 11 7. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 12 7.1 Contacts with Agencies ....................................................................................... 12 7.2 Contacts with Private Companies ........................................................................ 12 7.3 Reference Materials ............................................................................................. 12 8. STATEMENT OF LIMITATIONS ................................................................................ 13 9. QUALIFICATIONS OF ASSESSORS ......................................................................... 14 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Aerial Photographs Appendix B City Directory Appendix C Eris Report Appendix D Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks Appendix E Technical Standards and Safety Authority Appendix F City of Guelph Zoning Information Appendix G Selected Site Photographs 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION GM BluePlan Engineering Limited (GMBP) was retained by Mar-Cot Developments (hereafter referred to as the “Client”) to undertake a Phase One Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) for the properties located at 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, City of Guelph, Ontario (hereafter, collectively referred to as the Site). The Site is approximately 0.3 hectares in size and is located on Lot 11, Concession 7, Geographic Township of Puslinch in the south portion of the City of Guelph, west of Gordon Street, south of Clair Road West as presented on Figures 1 and 2. The Site is currently owned by Mario Controneo, *in Trust* (hereafter referred to as the Owner) and is currently under residential use. The Phase One ESA was undertaken to identify the potential and/or actual environmental concerns, or risks associated with the Site resulting from current and/or historical land uses on the Site and the neighbouring properties. It is our understanding that this Phase One ESA is being conducted to support the zone change and the development process with the City of Guelph and that it is not required to support a Record of Site Condition (RSC) under Ontario Regulation (O. Reg.) 153/04 (as amended). 2. METHODOLOGY The Phase One ESA was conducted in general accordance with the guidelines of the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) as presented in Report No. Z768-01, *Phase One Environmental Site Assessment* (November 2001). The purpose of a Phase One ESA is to identify actual and potential environmental concerns or risks associated with the Site. These environmental concerns may be the result of current or historical uses of the Site or surrounding properties. The Phase One ESA process involves review of documents, maps, interview(s) with persons with knowledge of the property and other recorded information in conjunction with the observations of a reconnaissance visit to the Site by the Assessor. Based on the information gathered, an assessment of the potential environmental concerns can be made and, if warranted, recommendations offered for further investigation. A brief description of the records reviewed, and the reconnaissance visit follows. Background physiographic, geological, hydrogeological and topographical information for the Site and the surrounding area was assembled from several sources including the Grand River Conservation Authority (GRCA) Geographic Information System (GIS), Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA), the Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP), publications from the Ontario Geological Survey and others. Aerial photographs of the Site and surroundings were obtained from the National Air Photo Library for the years 1930, 1962, 1972 and 1990 and from the GRCA GIS for the years 2000, 2006, 2010 and 2015. Aerial photographs were assessed for indication of historical land uses and identification of relevant land features. Copies of the reviewed aerial photographs are provided in Appendix A. Fire insurance plans (FIPs) available at the University of Guelph Library were reviewed to assess historical ownership and uses of the Site and the vicinity. The subject Site and the surrounding areas were outside of the available coverage provided by the FIPs at the time of their publication (1960). A search of the City Directory records for the City of Guelph in the vicinity of the Site was requested from Environmental Risk Information Services (ERIS) to ascertain occupancy for the Site and surrounding properties. Summary of the reviewed City Directory records as provided by ERIS is enclosed in Appendix B. An environmental risk report was requested from ERIS (ERIS report) to review available historical and environmental records and provide information on reported spills, registered waste generators, fuel storage tanks among other databases of environmental significance. The ERIS report covered a search area extending at a 250 m radius from the property. The ERIS report is provided in Appendix C. The Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP) Waste Disposal Site Inventory (MECP 1991) was reviewed to identify closed and active waste disposal sites in the vicinity of the Site. A summary of the landfill inventory database is included in Appendix D. The local District Office of the MECP was contacted for review of their records pertaining to the subject property. The MECP response is included in Appendix D. A MECP Freedom of Information (FOI) request was filed to obtain records of environmental nature pertaining to the subject Site. The response from the FOI office of the MECP is included in Appendix D. The Fuels Safety Division of the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA) was contacted for review of their records on underground and aboveground fuel storage tanks on the Site and on select neighbouring properties. The TSSA response is included in Appendix E. The City of Guelph Zoning Bylaw (1995)-14864, the associated zoning maps (Appendix F) were reviewed to gather information about current land uses at the Site and the neighbouring properties. The MECP Record of Site Condition (RSC) Registry was reviewed to determine whether a Record of Site Condition has been submitted for the Site or neighbouring properties. A Record of Site Condition is required to be completed as part of the process of transitioning a property of former industrial/commercial land use into one of residential, parkland, agricultural or other land use for which a more stringent environmental quality standard is applicable. As such, presence of a Record of Site Condition and associated environmental investigations for a particular property may provide information on potential for environmental impacts or risks to adjacent properties. Reconnaissance of the subject property was completed on February 7, 2019 by Ms. Joanna Olesiuk, M.A.Sc., C. Tech. of GMBP. Photographs of the subject Site and surrounding properties were taken during the reconnaissance and select photographs are included in Appendix G. 3. PHASE ONE ESA FINDINGS The findings from the records search, additional studies and the site reconnaissance were compiled and are presented herein. For the purpose of clarity in discussion, north refers to true north i.e. direction parallel to Gordon Street. 3.1 Site Location and Description The subject Site is located at 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, in a mixed residential/commercial land use setting. The Site is within the south portion of the City of Guelph, west of Gordon Street, south of Clair Road West as presented on Figures 1 and 2. The Site is currently owned by Mr. Mario Controneo in Trust and is currently rented for residential use. The 1871 Gordon Street property was acquired by the current owner from Ronald Mark Ventry and Jane Marie Ventry on August 9, 2017. The 1879 Gordon Street property was obtained by the current owner from Conrado Vilbar and Teresita Eping on July 3, 2018. The Site is approximately rectangular in shape and is bound to the east by Gordon Street, an existing residential property to the north, and by new residential development in various stages of development, to the west and south. The legal description of the 1871 Gordon Street property is Part Lot 11, Concession 7, Township of Puslinch, as in IS16048 Guelph. The legal description of the 1879 Gordon Street property is Part Lot 11, Concession 7, Township of Puslinch, as in RO669984 PIN #71199-0013 (LT). 3.2 Site Physiography, Geology and Hydrogeology According to the Ontario Geological Survey mapping, the Site is located near the boundary of two physiographic regions known as the Guelph Drumlins Field, which is centred on the City of Guelph and generally occurs north of the Site, and the southerly Horseshoe Moraines region (Chapman and Putnam, 1984, 2007). Within the Guelph Drumlins Field, the local soils generally consist of stony tills and deep gravel terraces, the latter being typical of glacial meltwater spillways and the former being typical of drumlins and till planes (Chapman and Putnam 1984). Natural gravel deposits tend to be overlain with a silty loam (Chapman and Putnam 1984). The Horseshoe Moraines physiographic region is generally noted for its sandy-silty till soils and hummocky, hilly terrain as well as spillway features with broad gravel and sand terraces and swampy floors (Chapman and Putnam 1984). In the south Guelph/Puslinch Township area, the moraine region is hilly with local relief of more than 30 m often with steep irregular slopes and “kettles” or water containing depressions during Spring and early Summer (Chapman and Putnam 1984). In terms of physiographic landforms, mapping from the Ontario Geological Survey (2007) indicates the Site lies near the interface between a Spillways feature to the north and a Till Moraines feature to the south (Figure 3) (Chapman and Putnam 2007). On aerial photographs, the closed depressions and hummocky topography characteristic of the till moraines are evident in the lands south of the Site. Surficial geological mapping (Ontario Geological Survey 2010) indicates that the Site and areas to the south are underlain by the sandy silt till of the Wentworth Till unit while areas north of site and west of Gordon Street appear to be underlain by glaciofluvial outwash and ice-contact gravels (Figure 4). From the review of available MECP well records in the vicinity of the Site, the shallow soils are reported to consist of sand and gravel; clay and gravel (i.e. till); gravel; sand and clay to a depth of approximately 27 to 33 metres below ground surface (mbgs), overlying the dolostone bedrock. Overburden thickness in the Site vicinity is reported as approximately 30 m (Jagger Hims 1998). The bedrock in the Guelph area is the Silurian age dolostone of the Guelph and Gasport Formations (formerly referred to as the Amabel Formation) (Jagger Hims 1998; Brunton 2009; MECP 2019c). A geotechnical investigation was completed by V.A. Wood (Guelph) Inc. at the Site, as documented in a report entitled Preliminary Geotechnical Investigation: Proposed Apartment Building 1871 & 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario (June 2019). Based on the drilling of seven (7) boreholes at the property, the soils were reported as topsoil (between 150 mm and 325 mm thick), overlying a layer of fill material varying from silty clay to silty sand to sand and gravel with trace organics texture up to 2.3 m in depth, underlain by dense gravel and sand deposit with trace silt. Bedrock was not encountered in the drilled boreholes. Shallow groundwater flow often correlates to topographical features and groundwater typically flows towards nearby lakes, streams, and wetland areas, except where modified by utility and service trenches. Based on the overall site topography, the local contour information reviewed on the GRCA Watershed Viewer GIS and water bodies in the Site vicinity, the shallow groundwater flow direction in the overburden is inferred to be westerly/northwesterly towards the Hanlon Creek and associated wetlands. While the groundwater flow direction is inferred for the Site, an accurate assessment of groundwater flow direction can only be completed through the installation of an appropriate number of groundwater monitoring wells and regular water level measurements to establish local groundwater flow patterns with more certainty. 3.3 MECP Water Well Records MECP well record No. 6702486 is inferred to be located on the Site for a domestic water supply well drilled in 1957 (MECP 2019c) with soils reported as clay gravel, i.e. till deposit from surface to a depth of about 9 mbgs, overlying a layer of gravel and sand extending down to 16.7 mbgs, underlain by sand with clay, gravel, and coarse sand to approximately 33 mbgs, overlying the bedrock unit. Several additional well records dating back to the late 1960’s are identified on the neighbouring properties and are reported as wells completed in the bedrock unit for domestic water use. Several records of monitoring wells were also identified in the MECP well records database, that are attributed to neighbouring residential and commercial development in the recent years. 3.4 Historical Uses of the Site and Surroundings Information about the historical land use of the Site was gathered from several sources including aerial photographs (Appendix A), City Directory listings (Appendix B), as well as other available historical records and information reported from other sources, as discussed herein. The findings from these sources are presented to illustrate the historical land use of the Site and its surroundings to aid in the identification of areas of potential environmental concern. 3.4.1 Aerial Photographs A review of aerial photographs from 1930, 1962, 1972, 1990, 2000, 2006, 2010 and 2015 was completed to assess historical land use of the subject Site and surrounding areas. Copies of aerial photographs are enclosed in Appendix A. A review of the 1930 aerial photograph indicates that no structural development appears to have taken place on the Site or on the surrounding lands at that time. The resolution of the aerial photograph prevents a clear discernment of the property details; however, the parcel and the land use are inferred to be agricultural and/or grassed or forested lands. From the review of the 1962 and 1972 aerial photographs, it appears that some development which appears to be residential in nature, has occurred on the subject Site. The configuration of the driveway at the 1871 Gordon Street property appears as it exists in present day. Surrounding properties are generally under agricultural use (properties to the north) with further development to the east of the Site. By 1990, additional properties appear to be developed along Gordon Street, which are inferred to be residential and commercial in nature. Remainder of the lands in Site vicinity remain under what appears to be residential use. Review of the 2000 aerial photograph provides a more discernable indication of development at the Site and the vicinity. The Site appears as it does today, with residential dwellings and associated detached garage and deck structures. A treed hedgerow is present along the westerly and southerly property boundary. To the east of the Site is a garden centre. To the south, is a residential property which is heavily forested. To the west and to the north beyond the adjacent residential dwelling is an agricultural/vacant land. Further to the north at the intersection of Clair Road and Gordon Street is a golf driving range and a mini-golf establishment, with existing residential properties along Gordon Street. Further to the north-west, beyond Clair Road is a residential subdivision in early stages of development. A review of the 2006 aerial photograph indicates no discernible major changes to the Phase One property or the adjacent lands since. Additional residential development is noted beyond Clair Road West. In the 2010 aerial photograph, the Site and the surrounding residential lots appear generally unchanged. Northwest of the intersection of Gordon Street and Clair Road West is a commercial/retail development with the previously noted residential developments to the west. In 2015, the adjacent properties to the south, west and north (beyond the existing residential property directly north of the Site) are in early stages of development with signs of roads and residential dwellings under construction. To the northeast, at the intersection of Clair Road East and Gordon Street, a large commercial plaza with multiple buildings has been constructed. 3.4.2 City Directory The City Directory records for the Site and the neighbouring properties (available through ERIS) dating back to 1961 were reviewed in approximate 5 to 10-year increments (Appendix B). Based on review of the available records, the first listing for the Site appears to be in 1996 and is reported as residential use. The listings for neighbouring properties include the Pergola Drive Inn Ltd./Pergola Recreation Centre (1820 Gordon Street, a golf driving range), Brock Road Nursery/Complete Landscaping and residential use (1858 Gordon Street) and additional residential listings at surrounding properties along Gordon Street. The City Directory records for Site and neighbouring properties are enclosed in Appendix B. 3.5 Other Records Review 3.5.1 ERIS Report The Environmental Risk Information System (ERIS) report (Appendix C) compiles information from over 50 private and public databases relevant to environmental risk. The databases store information such as, but not limited to, reported spills, waste generators registered under Ontario Regulation 347, fuel storage tanks (private, retail, historical, and others), MECP orders, compliance and convictions. The available environmental database search was requested for the Site and surrounding properties within a 250 m radius of the Site. The ERIS report identified two (2) records associated with the Site. One (1) record was identified in the Water Well Information System for a domestic water supply well (MECP well record No. 6702486). The second record was identified in the TSSA Incidents database for an incident related to a natural gas main distribution/pipeline break (record description includes a “hit” to a 1 ¼ inch pipeline). Based on follow up correspondence (Appendix E), TSSA provided confirmation that this record was related to a pipeline/natural gas incident. The ERIS report identified records for the neighbouring properties within 250 m radius of the Site, including the following: - Six (6) records in the ERIS Historical Searches database for properties in the site vicinity - Four (4) records in the Pesticide Register database for the property located at 1858 Gordon Street, to the east of the subject Site (Brock Road Nursery/Complete Landscaping) - One (1) record in the TSSA Pipeline incident at a downgradient property (254 Gosling Gardens, located west of the subject Site) for a natural gas leak related to a pipeline break - Two (2) records in the Ontario Spills database at a downgradient property (254 Gosling Gardens) for a natural gas leak related to a pipeline break - 21 records in the Water Well Information System for domestic, monitoring and well abandonment records Based on the nature of the records identified in the ERIS report and the location of these activities or incidents, these are not considered to pose a source of environmental impact or risk to the subject Site. The ERIS report with further details on the identified records is enclosed in Appendix C. 3.5.2 Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks A request was filed with the MECP to acquire available records under the Freedom of Information (FOI) and Protection of Privacy Act. In their response, the MECP indicated that no records were located for the Site (Appendix D). A response from the MECP, Guelph District Office, indicated that there have been no orders in MECP’s database registered to the Site or the Site Owner (Appendix D). A search of the 1991 Waste Disposal Site Inventory (Appendix D) did not identify closed or active waste disposal sites in 1 km radius of the Site. An active (at the time of the 1991 MECP Inventory) waste disposal site was identified 4 km northwest of the Site in the east portion of the City of Guelph. Based on the separation distance these sites are not considered to be a source of impact or risk to the subject property. No closed waste disposal sites were identified within 5 km radius of the Site. The MECP Record of Site Condition (RSC) Registry was reviewed for listings in the vicinity of the Site (Ontario MECP 2019a and 2019b). There were no properties identified in the RSC Registry within 1 km radius of the Site. Two (2) RSC properties were identified over 2 km north of the site on Arkell Road, inferred to be located hydraulically upgradient to crossgradient of the subject Site. Based on the separation distance the abovementioned RSC properties are not considered to pose a source of environmental risk to the subject Site. The Site or the properties in the vicinity were not listed in the Inventory of Coal Gasification Plants and Coal Tar Sites (MECP, 1987). The Site was not listed on the MECP Hazardous Waste Information Network (HWIN) registered generator list (https://www.hwin.ca/) or in Environment Canada’s National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) database. 3.5.3 TSSA Fuel Safety Division Database A request for information was submitted via e-mail to the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA) to search the Site and select nearby properties to identify records of fuel storage. The e-mail query and response from TSSA are included in Appendix E. The response from the TSSA indicated that no records were located for the Site and properties in the immediate site vicinity. A record for an aboveground fuel storage tank was located at 1820 Gordon Street as further discussed in Section 4.2. 3.5.4 Previous Environmental Reports There were no previous environmental site assessment reports available for review for the Site. A Hydrogeological Study is currently being conducted by GMPB at the Site, as well as a geotechnical investigation is being conducted by V. A. Wood (Guelph) Limited. The geotechnical investigation involved the drilling of seven (7) boreholes at the property, as well as the installation of three (3) monitoring wells as discussed in Section 3.2. Environmental sampling was completed during the geotechnical investigation and included collection soil samples for the analysis of soil quality parameters. Further discussion regarding on-site soil quality is included in Section 4.1 and Section 5.0. 3.6 Site Zoning and Permits According to the City of Guelph zoning website, the subject property was annexed to the City in 1993 and remains listed under Township of Puslinch zoning by-law (City of Guelph, 2019; https://www.puslinch.ca, 2019). The neighbouring lands are within the Residential (R.4 and R.1C-18) and Park (P.1) City of Guelph zoning (Appendix F). 3.7 Site Reconnaissance Site reconnaissance was conducted by Ms. Joanna Olesiuk, M. A. Sc., C. Tech. of GMBP on February 7, 2019. The weather conditions were recorded as snow/freezing rain with temperature near -5°C. Ms. Olesiuk was accompanied by Ms. Sandy Halloran of Mar-Cot Developments who provided information on recent use of the property. Select photographs from the Site reconnaissance are provided in Appendix G. 3.7.1 Site Description The Site consists of two (2) separate properties, 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street which are accessed via private driveways from Gordon Street. Each property is serviced with a water supply well, natural gas, a septic system, and electric power services. Topographically, the Site has significant topographical relief. Based on a recent topographic survey of the Site, elevations ranging from about 351 masl (southwest corner) to 345 masl (northwest corner) were reported. Currently, the Site appears to be generally at grade with the adjacent right-of-way and elevated compared to the surrounding residential development to the south and west, where significant earth moving works were completed during development activities in the recent years. The site and the immediate area are situated within the Horseshoe Moraine physiographic region which is characterized by hummocky and sloping moraine feature in this area. The 1871 Gordon Street property (the northerly property) consists of a one-storey private residence with a basement constructed circa 1960 and is currently occupied by residents. The remainder of the property is grassed, with a fenced-in yard at the rear of the property and landscaped with several garden beds and large trees. The interior of the residence, main floor and the basement, are finished with painted drywall/plaster and/or wood panel walls, carpeted, vinyl/ceramic tile or laminate/hardwood flooring and mainly incandescent lighting. A portion of the basement includes unfinished storage and utility rooms containing furnace, water pressure tank and well equipment and a water heater. These areas consist of exposed wood joist or particle board tile ceiling, plywood, insulation board or concrete block walls, and concrete flooring. Garage of the building is used to store small quantity of miscellaneous domestic items, including a domestic lawnmower and small quantity of gasoline in a portable storage container. There was no evidence of leaks, stains or spills in the vicinity of these items. The 1879 Gordon Street property (the southerly parcel) was vacant at the time of the Site visit and consists of a one-storey private residence with a basement built circa 1960. This residence has recently been rented to tenants. The interior of the residence, main floor and the basement, is finished with painted drywall and/or wood panel walls, carpeted, vinyl/ceramic or laminate/hardwood flooring, and incandescent lighting. The basement includes unfinished utility areas containing furnace, water pressure tank, well equipment, and a water heater. These areas consist of exposed wood joist/particle board tile ceiling, wood panel, exposed insulation or unfinished walls, and concrete flooring. Garage of the building is partially finished with wood panel walls, concrete flooring, fluorescent lighting and mainly tiled ceiling and is used to store small quantity of miscellaneous domestic items, including a fireplace, several bags of concrete, and a small quantity of furniture. What appeared to be suspected mold was observed in the exposed ceiling covered with insulation in the garage of this residence. While a comprehensive inspection for mold which would require intrusive sampling and laboratory analysis is outside of the scope of the ESA, should more certainly regarding the potential mold presence be required, a mold assessment would be recommended. The grounds of the property were observed. The ground surface was partially covered with snow and ice at the time of the site visit, however, where no snow cover existed, no evidence of surficial soil staining or stressed vegetation was observed. The grounds of the property were generally well maintained. 3.8 Adjacent and Nearby Properties Adjacent and nearby properties were observed from the Site and from public rights-of-way during the site reconnaissance. Adjacent neighbouring properties are shown on Figure 2. Further details of activities at the neighbouring properties are contained in the City Directory (Appendix B), ERIS report (Appendix C), with selected pertinent details discussed below. Selected photographs are presented in Appendix G. North To the north of the site is a residential property with an existing single residential dwelling. Further to the north is Poppy Drive right-of-way and recently developed commercial plaza at the intersection of Clair Road West and Gordon Street. Based on the inferred groundwater flow direction, the properties to the north are considered to be located crossgradient of the Site and based on the inferred groundwater flow direction and their use, are considered to pose low potential for environmental impacts or risks to the Site. East To the east/northeast of the subject Site is the Gordon Street right-of-way and the Garden Centre property. Further to the east and southeast is a residential property in early stages of development of a high-rise residential building, and existing residential properties. Based on the inferred groundwater flow direction, the properties to the east/southeast are located upgradient of the subject Site, however, based on their use are considered to pose low potential for environmental impacts or risks to the Site. South To the south of the Site is a residential subdivision. Properties to the south, based on the inferred groundwater flow direction are considered to be located hydraulically downgradient of the subject Site and further, based on their use are not considered to be a source of significant environmental impacts to the subject Site. West To the west of the subject Site is a new residential subdivision. Based on the inferred groundwater flow direction, the properties to the west are considered to be located hydraulically downgradient of the subject Site. and based on their use are not considered to be a source of significant environmental impacts to the subject Site. For further details on the identified records at the neighbouring properties, refer to the ERIS report in Appendix C. 4. ASSESSMENT FOR AREAS OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (APECs) The information gathered from the site reconnaissance and the records search was reviewed to identify Potentially Contaminating Activities (PCAs) within the search area. These PCAs were then assessed in the context of additional available information, such as site setting, and geology associated with the Site, to determine whether these should be considered as Areas of Potential Environmental Concern (APECs) relevant to the Site. An APEC is an item that presents an environmental concern with respect to environmental risk where further investigation is recommended. Additional information obtained as part of the geotechnical investigation at the Site was used in the assessment of APECs. 4.1 Fill Material Historically, fill materials imported to construction sites were not necessarily scrutinized for quality and as such, deleterious fill materials could be deposited and potentially become an environmental concern and liability to a property. At the time of the site visit, visual evidence of deleterious fill material was not observed, and no imported fill materials were noted on the grounds of the property. Based on the observations during the geotechnical investigation, subsurface fill material was reported, underlying the topsoil or asphalt to depths from 0.3 to 2.3 mbgs at the locations of the investigative boreholes. The fill material was reported to consist of silty clay to silty sand to sand and gravel with trace organics and was underlain by native dense gravel and sand deposit with trace silt (V. A. Wood (Guelph) Limited, 2019). The presence of the fill material is inferred to be related to the original development of the properties into residential use circa 1960. During the geotechnical investigation, two (2) samples of the fill material were collected from depths of 1.5 to 2.0 mbgs and 1.5 to 2.0 mbgs, and the samples were analyzed for one (1) or more of the following parameters including metals and inorganics, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) and F1 to F4 petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results of laboratory analysis were compared to the soil quality standards applicable to this Site, as referenced in the MECP’s Soil, Ground Water, and Sediment Standards for Use Under Part XV.1 of the Environmental Protection Act (April 2011), hereafter referred to as the “Standard” for Residential/Parkland/Institutional Property Use in a potable groundwater condition and coarse soil texture setting. Based on the results reported by an accredited Environmental laboratory (ALS Environmental, Waterloo, Ontario), the samples of the fill material met the applicable site Standard. 4.2 Soil Quality In addition to the fill material samples collected during the geotechnical investigation, three (3) additional samples, one (1) of topsoil and two (2) samples of the native sand and gravel soils from the Site were submitted for soil quality analysis for one (1) or more of the parameters including metals and inorganics, BTEX, F1 to F4 PHCs and PAHs. Of these samples, the topsoil sample from a borehole along the southerly property line (collected from 0.0 to 0.6 mbgs) and sample of the native sand and gravel soil from a borehole along the easterly property line (collected from 3.0 to 3.5 mbgs) were reported to have elevated concentrations of mercury (0.68 ug/g above Standard value of 0.27 ug/g) and lead (125 ug/g above Standard value of 120 ug/g), respectively. The remainder of the samples and analyzed parameters met the applicable soil quality criteria from Table 2 of the MECP Standard. Based on our experience with projects within the City of Guelph where native coarse soils have been encountered, and based on available information from the MECP and Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health Unit, native soils specifically granular in texture, are sometimes elevated in certain metal parameters (i.e. lead and zinc) which is reported to be consistent with naturally occurring conditions or representative of “background” conditions in the some areas of the City. With respect to the reported elevated levels of lead and mercury in the two (2) samples collected from the topsoil and the subsurface native sand and gravel soils, these are considered to be isolated in nature, as the remainder of the samples contained concentrations well below the applicable MECP Standard for these parameters. Therefore, the potential for environmental risk or impact to the subject property is considered to be low. However, should excess soils from the Site require off-site disposal as part of future development, disposal options will need to be considered based on the receiving site’s requirements. 4.3 Fuel Storage Tanks On-Site Fuel storage tanks are a frequent cause of environmental impacts. Leaking tanks may produce a long-term, continuous source of hydrocarbon products that may impact soils and groundwater, especially in the case of aged underground fuel storage tanks which did not have a reliable means of leak detection. Underground fuel storage tanks are also often accompanied by underground piping, which may also be susceptible to leaking and release of hydrocarbons. Additionally, fuel impacts may be found some distance away from a tank (whether aboveground or underground) in the vicinity of the fuel tank fill point. No records or evidence of fuel storage tanks were found during the site reconnaissance at the Site. The Fuels Safety Division of the TSSA reported they have no records (maintained as of circa 1980’s) on file indicating the presence of underground or aboveground fuel storage tanks on the subject Site. No records of fuel storage on the subject Site were listed in the ERIS report in the currently maintained or historical fuel storage/TSSA databases. Based on the age of the private residence (circa 1960), there may have potentially been an oil furnace in use at the Site historically, however, there were no fuel oil tanks observed in either of the residences at the time of the site visit. Furthermore, there was no evidence of staining or oil leaks in the unfinished portions of the basements in the vicinity of the furnace or in the other unfinished utility and storage rooms. A soot clean-out access door was observed in the basement of the 1871 Gordon Street residence, so its possible that coal or wood may have also been used as a source of heat in the residence. Based on no evidence from records or site visit of present or past fuel storage on-site, the potential for impacts from fuel storage tanks are considered to be low. Off-Site The TSSA records (Appendix E) did not identify records of fuel storage tanks located on neighbouring properties adjoining the Site. In the greater Site vicinity, the TSSA identified a record of an aboveground fuel storage at the property located at 1820 Gordon Street, the former location of the Pergola Drive Inn golf driving range, located north of the subject Site (Appendix E). This property has in recent years been redeveloped into a commercial plaza. Based on the recent redevelopment of this property, the separation distance and the site location, which based on the inferred direction of groundwater flow is considered cross-gradient of the subject Site, impacts from this historical presence of the fuel AST is not considered to be a source of significant environmental impacts to the subject Site. 4.4 Asbestos Containing Materials, Urea Formaldehyde Foam Insulation, Ozone Depleting Substances, Leaded Paint Asbestos was widely used in variety of construction materials in the past. The use of asbestos containing materials (ACMs) in building materials was discontinued around 1985. Ontario Regulation 278/05 under the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1990, defines ACMs as materials that contain 0.5 per cent or more of asbestos by dry weight. Federal and Provincial Occupational Health and Safety Acts, and the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS), identify asbestos as a carcinogenic health hazard that is regulated. Because of these regulations, the production of asbestos containing materials has been widely discontinued since the mid 1980’s. Urea Formaldehyde Foam Insulation (UFFI) was installed primarily in wall cavities during the 1970s as an alternative to the typical insulation materials at that time. Its appearance can vary from white to tan in colour and resembles Styrofoam. Over time, UFFI that is exposed to the air, becomes wet, or has been damaged, can potentially release formaldehyde vapours, which can cause various human health effects. Due to the documented health concerns, the use of UFFI insulation was discontinued in 1980. The most common ozone depleting substances (ODS) of concern are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and halons, which were commonly used in air conditioning, refrigeration, and in the manufacture of rigid foam. The initial control of these substances was implemented in 1987 and the complete phase-out of these substances was finalized between 1994 and 1995. An air conditioning unit is present at the residence. When maintained in good working order, impacts from ODS are not anticipated. Proper disposal should take place when these units are no longer maintained in good working order or being removed during demolition. Lead was used as an additive in paints prior to 1960 to make paint wear well and dry quickly and evenly. Leaded paint is a potential source of environmental impact or risk primarily if it is in poor condition and flaking. Most indoor and outdoor paints produced before 1950 contained substantial amounts of lead. Since 1976, the amount of lead in interior paint has been limited by law. Although the lead content of exterior paint is not regulated, Canadian paint manufacturers have voluntarily ensured that no lead is intentionally added. Exterior paint with lead carries a warning label. Some flaking paint was noted in the basements of the residences. During the current site visit, ACMs, UFFI, ODSs or leaded paint were not specifically identified at the Site. However, based on the age of the on-Site building (originally constructed in circa 1960) ACMs within wall cavities or in other building materials or leaded paint may be potentially present. Should more certainly regarding ACMs and leaded paint be required, a Designated Substance Survey would be recommended. 4.5 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Between 1920 and 1978, PCBs were used extensively as a dielectric fluid in electrical transformers, motor capacitors, and fluorescent light ballasts. Current legislation prohibits the manufacture and sale of new equipment containing PCBs (1980). Fluorescent lighting was observed in the garage of the 1879 Gordon Street residence. Based on the age of the original building, the ballasts may contain PCBs, and should be handled and disposed of properly especially when observed to be leaking fluid. 4.6 Registered Waste Generators The MECP through the Environmental Protection Act and Ontario Regulation 347 sets out strict provisions for storage, registration, transport and disposal of generated industrial/hazardous wastes. If handled, stored and disposed of properly, as per current regulations, these registered wastes pose a limited environmental risk and limited potential for impacts to the subject properties. However, it is outside the scope of the current assessment to thoroughly study the waste handling and overall operations of the neighbouring and surrounding properties. The subject Site was not listed in the MECP’s Hazardous Waste Information Network for registered waste generation. The ERIS report did not identify records of registered waste generators in the study area. 5. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND ASSESSMENT The pertinent findings of the Phase One ESA for 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street properties are summarized as follows: - The legal description of the Site is Part of Lot 1, Concession 1, Division E in the City of Guelph. - The subject Site is located at 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, in a mixed residential and commercial land use setting, with majority of adjacent lands in various stages of re-development from former residential and agricultural use into residential and commercial uses. - The Site, previously part of agricultural/vacant lands was developed in circa 1960 and was under residential use since development. - The native soils in the Site vicinity consist of sand and gravel to sandy to silty sand till soils overlying limestone/dolostone bedrock anticipated to be approximately 30 m below ground surface. - No records or evidence were found in searched records to indicate the historical presence of fuel storage tanks on-Site or at properties in the immediate vicinity of the Site. - Based on the age of the on-Site building, ACMs and leaded paint may be potentially present in the building materials. - Fill material may have potentially been used during site development in the 1960s. Reported results of fill quality laboratory analysis indicated that the samples of the fill material met the applicable MECP site Standard. - Two (2) samples, a topsoil sample and sample of the native sand and gravel soil, were reported to be elevated in mercury and lead above applicable Standard (V. A. Wood (Guelph) Limited. 2019). Based on isolated nature of these exceedances and naturally occurring metals (specifically in granular soils), the potential for environmental risk or impact to the subject property is considered to be low. Should excess soils from the Site require off-site disposal as part of future development, disposal options will need to be considered based on the receiving site’s requirements. 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This Phase One Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) was completed to identify potential and/or actual environmental concerns associated with the Site resulting from land use activities, whether current or historical and whether those occurred on-Site or on nearby lands. It is our understanding that this Phase One ESA is conducted to support the zone change and the development process with the City of Guelph and that it is not required to support a Record of Site Condition (RSC) under Ontario Regulation (O. Reg.) 153/04 (as amended). It is recommended that as part of future land development, unused monitoring and water supply wells be decommissioned in accordance with Ontario Regulation 903 and that the on-site sewage disposal system be decommissioned by a licenced Contractor. No actual sources of environmental concern or impacts to the Site were identified due to current or historical on-Site operations or off-site impacts. Based on the findings of the Phase One ESA, potential for environmental impacts or risks to the subject property from on-site and off-site sources is considered to be low. No further investigation is recommended at this time. 7. REFERENCES 7.1 Contacts with Agencies Fuels Safety Division Technical Standards and Safety Authority 14th Floor, Centre Tower 3300 Bloor Street West Toronto, ON M8X 2X4 Attn: Public Information Centre Tel: 877-682-8772 National Air Photo Library Natural Resources Canada 615 Booth Street, Room 180 Ottawa, ON K1A 0E9 Tel: 613-995-4560 Fax: 613-995-4568 Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks Guelph District Office 1 Stone Road West Guelph, ON N1G 4Y2 Tel: 519-826-4255 Fax: 519-826-4286 7.2 Contacts with Private Companies Environmental Risk Information Service (ERIS) Limited 12 Concorde Place, Suite 800 Toronto, ON M3C 4J2 Tel: 416-510-5204 / 877-512-5204 Fax: 416-510-5133 E-mail: [email protected] 7.3 Reference Materials Brunton, F. R. 2009. Update of revisions to Early Silurian stratigraphy of Niagara Escarpment, integration of sequence stratigraphy/sedimentology/hydrogeology to delineate hydrogeologic units (HGUs); in Summary of Field Work and Other Activities, 2009, Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6240, p.25-1 to 25-20. Canadian Standards Association (CSA). 2001. Standard Z768-01, Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Chapman, L. J. and Putnam, D.F. 2007. Physiography of Southern Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Release–Data 228. Chapman, L. J. and Putnam, D.F. 1984. The Physiography of Southern Ontario, 3rd Edition. Ontario Geological Survey, Volume 2 Grand River Conservation Authority. Aerial Photographs – 2000, 2006, 2010, 2015 Online Web GIS Watershed Viewer. Accessed at http://grims.grandriverfaca/imf/imf.jsp?site=grca_viewer&ddsid=12e9eb Intera Technologies Ltd. 1987. Inventory of Coal Gasification Plant Waste Sites in Ontario. Volume II. Prepared for Ministry of the Environment Waste Management Branch. Jagger Hims Limited, 1998. City of Guelph Aquifer Performance Evaluation, Volume 1, Southwest Quadrant, City of Guelph. Karrow P. F. 1968. Map 2153. Pleistocene Geology of the Guelph Area, Southern Ontario, Ontario Division of Mines (in Jagger Hims Limited, 1998). Ontario Geological Survey. 2010. Surficial Geology of Southern Ontario; Ontario Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Release 0 Data 128- Revised Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. 2019a. Records of Site Condition Registry: July 1, 2011. Accessed at https://www.ontario.ca/environment-and-energy/records-site-condition Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. 2019b. Records of Site Condition and Transition Notices: October 1, 2004 to June 30, 2011. Accessed at https://www.lrcsde.lrc.gov.on.ca/besrWebPublic/generalSearch Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. 2019c. Interactive Well Records Database. Accessed November, 2016 at: http://www.ontario.ca/environment-and-energy/map-well-record-data Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks. 2019d. Hazardous Waste Information Network. Accessed at https://www.hwin.ca/hwin/ The Underwriters’ Survey Bureau, Limited. 1987 (revised 1906), 1960. Fire Insurance Plans for City of Guelph. V. A. Wood (Guelph) Limited. June 2019. Preliminary Geotechnical Investigation Proposed Apartment Building 1871 & 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario. 8. STATEMENT OF LIMITATIONS The information presented in this Phase One ESA report is intended for the sole use of Mar-Cot Developments. GM BluePlan Engineering Limited accepts no liability for use of this information by third parties. Any decisions made by third parties on the basis of information provided in this report are made at the sole risk of the third parties. The scope of this Phase One ESA was limited to a review of the history of the Site; a review of available regional mapping and available background reports and information; surface/topographic features; contact with relevant regulatory agencies; review of available historical records and reports and a site reconnaissance completed on February 7, 2019. This Phase One ESA assumes that a Record of Site Condition (RSC) under O. Reg. 153/04 (as amended) is not required to be filed for this property. GM BluePlan Engineering Limited cannot guarantee the accuracy or reliability of information provided by others or presented in records and reports available for the property. GM BluePlan Engineering Limited does not accept liability for unknown, unidentified, undisclosed or unforeseen surface or sub-surface contamination that may be later identified. The scope of this Phase One ESA was limited to investigating the actual or potential sources of environmental impact or environmental risk and does not include full confirmation of actual environmental impact or environmental risk. While comments have been made regarding the inferred groundwater flow direction and the perceived risks of potential environmental concerns to soil and groundwater at the Site from on-site or off-site sources, full confirmatory assessment of soil and groundwater conditions is beyond the scope of this assessment. While comments have been provided regarding ACM, PCB, leaded paint, ODS, mold and UFFI, a thorough inspection and testing for these materials was not performed and is outside of the scope of this assessment. Further, while comments have been made regarding the perceived risks of potential environmental concerns, a complete risk assessment is beyond the scope of this report. This report is believed to provide documentation of site conditions as of February 7, 2019. 9. QUALIFICATIONS OF ASSESSORS Phase One ESA research and site reconnaissance were performed by Joanna Olesiuk, M. A. Sc., C. Tech., under the direct supervision of Mr. Matthew Nelson, P. Eng., P. Geo. Ms. Olesiuk, M. A. Sc., C. Tech. is an Environmental Technologist with over thirteen years of experience in environmental and hydrogeological investigations. Ms. Olesiuk has been involved in conducting field activities, performing data analysis and report writing for numerous Phase One and Two Environmental Site Assessments, site remediation, hydrogeologic studies, dewatering studies and various environmental investigations for residential, commercial and industrial properties. Mr. Nelson, M.Sc., P. Eng., P. Geo. is an Environmental Engineer/Hydrogeologist with over eighteen years of experience with environmental, hydrogeological, and remedial investigations. Mr. Nelson has experience preparing numerous Phase One and Phase Two Environmental Site Assessments, environmental investigations, and the completion of Phase Three site remediation projects. Mr. Nelson has been involved with detailed environmental site investigations for numerous large commercial and industrial properties in Canada and the United States. GM BluePlan Engineering Limited has completed numerous Phase One Environmental Site Assessments, which also include follow-up Phase Two Environmental Site Assessments. GM BluePlan Engineering Limited has also been involved with the remediation of numerous sites, and with the preparation of a Record of Site Condition for residential, commercial and industrial properties. All of which is respectfully submitted. GM BluePlan Engineering Limited Per: [Signature] Joanna Olesiuk, M. A. Sc., C. Tech. [Signature] Matthew Nelson, P. Eng., P. Geo. FIGURES Project: 118170 Phase One ESA 1871 And 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, ON Part of Lot 11, Concession 7, Geo. Twp. of Puslinch Site Boundary Scale: 1:50,000 January, 2019 Figure 1: Site Location Sources: Esri, HERE, DeLorme, Intermap, increment P Corp., GEBCO, USGS, FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), swisstopo, MapmyIndia, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community Project: 118170 Phase One ESA 1871 And 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, ON Part of Lot 11, Concession 7, Geo. Twp. of Puslinch Roads Site Boundary Scale: 1:6,000 January, 2019 Figure 2 : Site Layout Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Project: 118170 Phase One ESA 1871 And 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, ON Part of Lot 11, Concession 7, Geo. Twp. of Puslinch Physiography of Southern Ontario - Roads - Site Boundary - Physiography - Spillways - Till Moraines Scale: 1: 6,000 January, 2019 Figure 3: Site Physiography Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Project: 118170 Phase One ESA 1871 And 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, ON Part of Lot 11, Concession 7, Geo. Twp. of Puslinch Roads Site Boundary Surficial Geology of Ontario - Ice-contact gravel - Kames and eskers - Outwash - Outwash gravel - Wentworth Till Scale: 1:6,000 January, 2019 Figure 4: Surficial Geology Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community APPENDIX A: Aerial Photographs Aerial Photograph - 1930 118170-1 - Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property Source: National Air Photo Library Aerial Photograph - 1962 118170-1 - Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property Source: National Air Photo Library Aerial Photograph - 1972 118170-1 - Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property Source: National Air Photo Library Aerial Photograph - 1990 118170-1 - Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property Source: National Air Photo Library Aerial Photograph - 2000 118170-1 - Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property GRCA Disclaimer This map is for illustrative purposes only. Information contained herein is not a substitute for professional review or a title survey and is subject to change without notice. The Grand River Conservation Authority takes no responsibility for, nor guarantees, the accuracy of the information contained on this map. Any interpretations or conclusions drawn from this map are the sole responsibility of the user. Copyright © Grand River Conservation Authority, 2013 Aerial Photograph - 2006 118170-1 Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property Grand River Conservation Authority GRCA Disclaimer This map is for illustrative purposes only. Information contained herein is not a substitute for professional review or a site survey and is subject to change without notice. The Grand River Conservation Authority takes no responsibility for, nor guarantees, the accuracy of the information contained on this map. Any interpretations or conclusions drawn from this map are the sole responsibility of the user. Map center: 503847, 4816243 Copyright © Grand River Conservation Authority, 2013 Aerial Photograph - 2010 112069 - Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1897 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property GRCA Disclaimer This map is for illustrative purposes only. Information contained herein is not a substitute for professional review or a site survey and is subject to change without notice. The Grand River Conservation Authority takes no responsibility for, nor guarantees, the accuracy of the information contained on this map. Any interpretations or conclusions drawn from this map are the sole responsibility of the user. Copyright © Grand River Conservation Authority, 2013 Aerial Photograph - 2015 118170-1 - Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street Guelph, Ontario Phase One Property Grand River Conservation Authority, 2019 Original Scale 1:5,000 APPENDIX B: City Directory | PROJECT NUMBER: | 20190109082 | |-----------------|-------------| | Site Address: | 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario | | Year: | 2011 | | Site Listing: | 1871-Address Not Listed | | | 1879-Res (1 Tenant) | | Adjacent Properties: | | | 1820 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1839 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1858 Gordon Street | -Brock Road Nursery | | | -Complete Landscaping | | Address | Description | |------------------|------------------------------| | 1861 Gordon Street | -Res (1 Tenant) | | 1888 Gordon Street | -Res (1 Tenant) | | 1897 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1906 Gordon Street | -Res (1 Tenant) | | 1921 Gordon Street | -Res ((1 Tenant) | | 63 Clair Road East | -Address Not Listed | **PROJECT NUMBER:** 20190109082 **Site Address:** 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario **Year:** 2006-07 **Site Listing:** - 1871-Res (1 Tenant) - 1879-Res (1 Tenant) **Adjacent Properties:** | Address | Tenant/Notes | |-------------------------|---------------------------------------------------| | 1820 Gordon Street | -Pergola Drive Inn Ltd. | | 1839 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1858 Gordon Street | -Brock Road Nursery | | | -Complete Landscaping | | | -Res (1 Tenant) | | 1861 Gordon Street | -Res (1 Tenant) | | 1888 Gordon Street | -Res (1 Tenant) | | 1897 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1906 Gordon Street | -Res (1 Tenant) | | 1921 Gordon Street | -Res ((1 Tenant) | | 63 Clair Road East | -Address Not Listed | **PROJECT NUMBER:** 20190109082 **Site Address:** 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario **Year:** 2001-02 | Site Listing: | 1871-Address Not Listed | 1879-Res (1 Tenant) | |-----------------------|----------------------| | Adjacent Properties: | | | 1820 Gordon Street | -Pergola Drive Inn Ltd. | | 1839 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1858 Gordon Street | -Brock Road Nursery | -Complete Landscaping | -Res (1 Tenant) | | 1861 Gordon Street | -Res (1 Tenant) | | 1888 Gordon Street | -Res (1 Tenant) | | 1897 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1906 Gordon Street | -Res (1 Tenant) | | 1921 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 63 Clair Road East | -Address Not Listed | | PROJECT NUMBER: | 20190109082 | |-----------------|-------------| | Site Address: | 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario | | Year: | 1996-97 | | Site Listing: | 1871-Address Not Listed | 1879-Res (1 Tenant) | | Adjacent Properties: | | | 1820 Gordon Street | -Pergola Drive Inn Ltd. | | 1839 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1858 Gordon Street | -Brock Road Nursery | -Complete Landscaping | -Res (1 Tenant) | | 1861 Gordon Street | -Res 1 Tenant) | | 1888 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1897 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | PROJECT NUMBER: | 20190109082 | |-----------------|-------------| | Site Address: | 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario | | Year: | 1991-92 | | Site Listing: | 1871-Address Not Listed | 1879-Address Not Listed | | Adjacent Properties: | | | 1820 Gordon Street | -Pergola Recreation Centre | | 1839 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1858 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1861 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | Address | Notes | |-------------------------|------------------------------| | 1888 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1897 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1906 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1921 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 63 Clair Road East | -Address Not Listed | **PROJECT NUMBER:** 20190109082 **Site Address:** 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario **Year:** 1986 **Site Listing:** - 1871-Address Not Listed - 1879-Address Not Listed **Adjacent Properties:** - **1820 Gordon Street**: -Pergola Recreation Centre - **1839 Gordon Street**: -Address Not Listed | Address | -Address Not Listed | |-------------------------|---------------------| | 1858 Gordon Street | | | 1861 Gordon Street | | | 1888 Gordon Street | | | 1897 Gordon Street | | | 1906 Gordon Street | | | 1921 Gordon Street | | | 63 Clair Road East | | **PROJECT NUMBER:** 20190109082 **Site Address:** 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario **Year:** 1981 **Site Listing:** - 1871-Address Not Listed - 1879-Address Not Listed **Adjacent Properties:** | Address | Notes | |-------------------------|------------------------------| | 1820 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1839 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1858 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1861 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1888 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1897 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1906 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1921 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 63 Clair Road East | -Address Not Listed | **PROJECT NUMBER:** 20190109082 **Site Address:** 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario **Year:** 1976 | Site Listing: | 1871-Address Not Listed | | 1879-Address Not Listed | | Adjacent Properties: | | | 1820 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1839 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1858 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1861 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1888 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1897 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1906 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1921 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 63 Clair Road East | -Address Not Listed | PROJECT NUMBER: 20190109082 | Site Address: | 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario | |--------------|---------------------------------------------| | Year: | 1971 | | Site Listing:| 1871-Address Not Listed | | | 1879-Address Not Listed | | Adjacent Properties: | | | 1820 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1839 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1858 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1861 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1888 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1897 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1906 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1921 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | PROJECT NUMBER: | 20190109082 | |-----------------|-------------| | Site Address: | 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario | | Year: | 1966 | | Site Listing: | 1871-Address Not Listed | 1879-Address Not Listed | | Adjacent Properties: | | | 1820 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1839 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1858 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1861 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1888 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1897 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | Address | Address Not Listed | |------------------|--------------------| | 1906 Gordon Street | | | 1921 Gordon Street | | | 63 Clair Road East | | **PROJECT NUMBER:** 20190109082 **Site Address:** 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, Ontario **Year:** 1961 **Site Listing:** - 1871-Address Not Listed - 1879-Address Not Listed **Adjacent Properties:** | Address | Address Not Listed | |------------------|--------------------| | 1820 Gordon Street | | | 1839 Gordon Street | | | 1858 Gordon Street | | | 1861 Gordon Street | | | Address | Notes | |-------------------------|------------------------------| | 1888 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1897 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1906 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 1921 Gordon Street | -Address Not Listed | | 63 Clair Road East | -Address Not Listed | -All listings for businesses were listed as they are in the city directory. -Listings that are residential are listed as “residential” with the number of tenants. The name of the residential tenant is not listed in the above city directory. APPENDIX C: Eris Report Project Property: Phase One ESA - 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph 1871 Gordon St Guelph ON N1L 1G7 Project No: 118170 Report Type: Standard Report Order No: 20190109082 Requested by: GM BluePlan Engineering Limited Date Completed: January 15, 2019 # Table of Contents | Section | Page | |----------------------------------------------|------| | Table of Contents | 2 | | Executive Summary | 3 | | Executive Summary: Report Summary | 4 | | Executive Summary: Site Report Summary - Project Property | 6 | | Executive Summary: Site Report Summary - Surrounding Properties | 7 | | Executive Summary: Summary By Data Source | 10 | | Map | 14 | | Aerial | 15 | | Topographic Map | 16 | | Detail Report | 17 | | Unplottable Summary | 78 | | Unplottable Report | 80 | | Appendix: Database Descriptions | 94 | | Definitions | 103 | **Notice: IMPORTANT LIMITATIONS and YOUR LIABILITY** *Reliance on information in Report:* This report DOES NOT replace a full Phase I Environmental Site Assessment but is solely intended to be used as a database review of environmental records. *License for use of information in Report:* No page of this report can be used without this cover page, this notice and the project property identifier. The information in Report(s) may not be modified or re-sold. *Your Liability for misuse:* Using this Service and/or its reports in a manner contrary to this Notice or your agreement will be in breach of copyright and contract and ERIS may obtain damages for such mis-use, including damages caused to third parties, and gives ERIS the right to terminate your account, rescind your license to any previous reports and to bar you from future use of the Service. *No warranty of Accuracy or Liability for ERIS:* The information contained in this report has been produced by ERIS Information Limited Partnership ("ERIS") using various sources of information, including information provided by Federal and Provincial government departments. The report applies only to the address and up to the date specified on the cover of this report, and any alterations or deviation from this description will require a new report. This report and the data contained herein does not purport to be and does not constitute a guarantee of the accuracy of the information contained herein and does not constitute a legal opinion nor medical advice. Although ERIS has endeavored to present you with information that is accurate, ERIS disclaims, any and all liability for any errors, omissions, or inaccuracies in such information and data, whether attributable to inadvertence, negligence or otherwise, and for any consequences arising therefrom. Liability on the part of ERIS is limited to the monetary value paid for this report. *Trademark and Copyright:* You may not use the ERIS trademarks or attribute any work to ERIS other than as outlined above. This Service and Report(s) are protected by copyright owned by ERIS Information Limited Partnership. Copyright in data used in the Service or Report(s) (the "Data") is owned by ERIS or its licensors. The Service, Report(s) and Data may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in any substantial part without prior written consent of ERIS. Executive Summary Property Information: Project Property: Phase One ESA - 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph 1871 Gordon St Guelph ON N1L 1G7 Project No: 118170 Coordinates: - Latitude: 43.498346 - Longitude: -80.18687 - UTM Northing: 4,816,478.76 - UTM Easting: 565,738.83 - UTM Zone: UTM Zone 17T Elevation: - 1,152 FT - 351.10 M Order Information: Order No: 20190109082 Date Requested: January 9, 2019 Requested by: GM BluePlan Engineering Limited Report Type: Standard Report Historical/Products: City Directory Search CD - Subject Site plus 10 Adjacent Properties | Database | Name | Searched | Project Property | Within 0.25 km | Total | |----------|-------------------------------------------|----------|------------------|----------------|-------| | AAGR | Abandoned Aggregate Inventory | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | AGR | Aggregate Inventory | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | AMIS | Abandoned Mine Information System | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | ANDR | Anderson's Waste Disposal Sites | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | AUWR | Automobile Wrecking & Supplies | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | BORE | Borehole | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | CA | Certificates of Approval | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | CFOT | Commercial Fuel Oil Tanks | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | CHEM | Chemical Register | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | CNG | Compressed Natural Gas Stations | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | COAL | Inventory of Coal Gasification Plants and Coal Tar Sites | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | CONV | Compliance and Convictions | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | CPU | Certificates of Property Use | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | DRL | Drill Hole Database | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | DRYCLEANERS | Dry Cleaning Facilities | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | EASR | Environmental Activity and Sector Registry| Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | EBR | Environmental Registry | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | ECA | Environmental Compliance Approval | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | EEM | Environmental Effects Monitoring | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | EHS | ERIS Historical Searches | Y | 0 | 6 | 6 | | EIIS | Environmental Issues Inventory System | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | EMHE | Emergency Management Historical Event | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | EXP | List of TSSA Expired Facilities | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | FCON | Federal Convictions | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | FCS | Contaminated Sites on Federal Land | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | FOFT | Fisheries & Oceans Fuel Tanks | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | FST | Fuel Storage Tank | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | FSTH | Fuel Storage Tank - Historic | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | GEN | Ontario Regulation 347 Waste Generators Summary | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | GHG | Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Large Facilities | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | HINC | TSSA Historic Incidents | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | IAFT | Indian & Northern Affairs Fuel Tanks | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | INC | TSSA Incidents | Y | 1 | 0 | 1 | | LIMO | Landfill Inventory Management Ontario | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | MINE | Canadian Mine Locations | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | MISA PENALTY | Environmental Penalty Annual Report | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Database | Name | Searched | Project Property | Within 0.25 km | Total | |----------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------|------------------|----------------|-------| | MNR | Mineral Occurrences | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NATE | National Analysis of Trends in Emergencies System (NATES) | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NCPL | Non-Compliance Reports | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NDFT | National Defense & Canadian Forces Fuel Tanks | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NDSP | National Defense & Canadian Forces Spills | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NDWD | National Defence & Canadian Forces Waste Disposal Sites | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NEBI | National Energy Board Pipeline Incidents | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NEBW | National Energy Board Wells | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NEES | National Environmental Emergencies System (NEES) | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NPCB | National PCB Inventory | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | NPRI | National Pollutant Release Inventory | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | OGW | Oil and Gas Wells | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | OOGW | Ontario Oil and Gas Wells | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | OPCB | Inventory of PCB Storage Sites | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | ORD | Orders | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | PAP | Canadian Pulp and Paper | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | PCFT | Parks Canada Fuel Storage Tanks | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | PES | Pesticide Register | Y | 0 | 4 | 4 | | PINC | TSSA Pipeline Incidents | Y | 0 | 1 | 1 | | PRT | Private and Retail Fuel Storage Tanks | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | PTTW | Permit to Take Water | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | REC | Ontario Regulation 347 Waste Receivers Summary | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | RSC | Record of Site Condition | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | RST | Retail Fuel Storage Tanks | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | SCT | Scott's Manufacturing Directory | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | SPL | Ontario Spills | Y | 0 | 2 | 2 | | SRDS | Wastewater Discharger Registration Database | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TANK | Anderson's Storage Tanks | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TCFT | Transport Canada Fuel Storage Tanks | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | VAR | TSSA Variances for Abandonment of Underground Storage Tanks | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | WDS | Waste Disposal Sites - MOE CA Inventory | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | WDSH | Waste Disposal Sites - MOE 1991 Historical Approval Inventory | Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | | WWIS | Water Well Information System | Y | 1 | 21 | 22 | **Total:** 2 34 36 | Map Key | DB | Company/Site Name | Address | Dir/Dist (m) | Elev diff (m) | Page Number | |---------|------|-------------------|--------------------------|--------------|---------------|-------------| | 1 | INC | | 1879 GORDON ST, GUELPH ON N1L 1G7 | SSW/15.2 | 1.74 | 17 | | 2 | WWIS | | lot 11 con 7 ON | NW/30.5 | -0.21 | 18 | *Well ID: 6702486* | Map Key | DB | Company/Site Name | Address | Dir/Dist (m) | Elev Diff (m) | Page Number | |---------|------|-------------------|--------------------------|--------------|---------------|-------------| | 3 | WWIS | | lot 11 con 7 ON | SSE/44.0 | 3.78 | 21 | | | | | | | | | | 4 | WWIS | | GUELPH ON | S/51.9 | 3.78 | 25 | | | | | | | | | | 5 | WWIS | | Guelph ON | ESE/58.6 | 0.54 | 27 | | | | | | | | | | 6 | WWIS | | Guelph ON | SE/83.4 | 2.72 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | 7 | WWIS | | lot 11 con 7 ON | W/83.6 | -3.88 | 31 | | | | | | | | | | 8 | WWIS | | lot 11 con 7 ON | S/97.0 | 3.79 | 34 | | | | | | | | | | 9 | WWIS | | GUELPH ON | E/104.3 | -1.02 | 38 | | | | | | | | | | 10 | WWIS | | GUELPH ON | E/108.9 | -1.12 | 40 | | | | | | | | | | 11 | WWIS | | GUELPH ON | S/112.8 | 3.79 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | 12 | EHS | | 1897 Grdon Street | SSW/122.7 | 2.32 | 45 | | | | | Guelph ON | | | | | 13 | WWIS | | Guelph ON | W/131.9 | -7.23 | 45 | | | | | | | | | | 14 | WWIS | | lot 11 con 7 ON | WNW/136.9 | -7.62 | 47 | | | | | | | | | | Map Key | DB | Company/Site Name | Address | Dir/Dist (m) | Elev Diff (m) | Page Number | |---------|-----|-----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|--------------|---------------|-------------| | 15 | WWIS| | GUELPH ON | E/147.2 | -1.70 | 50 | | 15 | WWIS| | GUELPH ON | E/147.2 | -1.70 | 53 | | 16 | WWIS| | GUELPH ON | WSW/162.0 | -8.06 | 55 | | 17 | WWIS| | lot 11 con 7 GUELPH ON | WSW/167.1 | -8.06 | 57 | | 18 | PINC| | 254 GOSLING GARDENS, GUELPH ON | SW/189.9 | -6.51 | 59 | | 18 | SPL | union gas<UNOFFICIAL> | 254 Gosling Gardens Guelph ON | SW/189.9 | -6.51 | 59 | | 18 | SPL | Union Gas Limited | 254 Gosling Gardens (Lot 26) Guelph ON | SW/189.9 | -6.51 | 60 | | 19 | WWIS| | lot 11 con 8 Guelph ON | NNW/192.8 | -8.07 | 60 | | 20 | EHS | | 1839 Gordon St Guelph ON N1L1G7 | WNW/195.0 | -11.17 | 62 | | 21 | EHS | | Gordon Street and Clair Road West Guelph ON | WNW/198.0 | -11.57 | 63 | | 21 | EHS | | Gordon Street and Clair Road West Guelph ON | WNW/198.0 | -11.57 | 63 | | 22 | WWIS| | Guelph ON | SW/210.1 | -5.46 | 63 | | 23 | WWIS| | lot 12 con 8 ON | ESE/221.4 | -1.10 | 65 | | Map Key | DB | Company/Site Name | Address | Dir/Dist (m) | Elev Diff (m) | Page Number | |---------|-----|------------------------------------------|--------------------------|--------------|---------------|-------------| | 24 | EHS | | 1858 Gordon St | ENE/232.1 | -1.86 | 68 | | | | | Guelph ON N1L1G6 | | | | | 24 | PES | COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY | 1858 GORDON STREET | ENE/232.1 | -1.86 | 68 | | | | | GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 | | | | | 24 | PES | COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY | 1858 GORDON ST | ENE/232.1 | -1.86 | 69 | | | | | GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 | | | | | 24 | PES | COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY | 1858 GORDON ST | ENE/232.1 | -1.86 | 69 | | | | | GUELPH ON N1L1G6 | | | | | 24 | PES | COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY | 1858 GORDON ST | ENE/232.1 | -1.86 | 69 | | | | | GUELPH ON N1L1G6 | | | | | 25 | WWIS| | Guelph ON | NW/232.7 | -11.31 | 70 | | | | | | | | | | 26 | EHS | | 3.2 ha Property | NW/236.9 | -11.31 | 72 | | | | | Guelph ON | | | | | 27 | WWIS| | GUELPH ON | NW/239.6 | -9.48 | 72 | | | | | | | | | | 28 | WWIS| | lot 1 con 7 | ESE/247.2 | -0.92 | 74 | | | | | ON | | | | Executive Summary: Summary By Data Source EHS - ERIS Historical Searches A search of the EHS database, dated 1999-Oct 31, 2018 has found that there are 6 EHS site(s) within approximately 0.25 kilometers of the project property. | Equal/Higher Elevation | Address | Direction | Distance (m) | Map Key | |------------------------|--------------------------|-----------|--------------|---------| | | 1897 Gordon Street | SSW | 122.65 | 12 | | | Guelph ON | | | | | Lower Elevation | Address | Direction | Distance (m) | Map Key | |------------------------|--------------------------|-----------|--------------|---------| | | 1839 Gordon St | WNW | 194.99 | 20 | | | Guelph ON N1L1G7 | | | | | | Gordon Street and Clair Road West | WNW | 197.98 | 21 | | | Guelph ON | | | | | | 1858 Gordon St | ENE | 232.13 | 24 | | | Guelph ON N1L1G6 | | | | | | 3.2 ha Property | NW | 236.94 | 26 | | | Guelph ON | | | | INC - TSSA Incidents A search of the INC database, dated Feb 28, 2017 has found that there are 1 INC site(s) within approximately 0.25 kilometers of the project property. | Equal/Higher Elevation | Address | Direction | Distance (m) | Map Key | |------------------------|--------------------------|-----------|--------------|---------| | | 1879 GORDON ST, GUELPH | SSW | 15.22 | 1 | | | ON N1L 1G7 | | | | A search of the PES database, dated 1988-Mar 2018 has found that there are 4 PES site(s) within approximately 0.25 kilometers of the project property. | Lower Elevation | Address | Direction | Distance (m) | Map Key | |-----------------|--------------------------|-----------|--------------|---------| | COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY | 1858 GORDON ST GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 | ENE | 232.13 | 24 | | COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY | 1858 GORDON ST GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 | ENE | 232.13 | 24 | | COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY | 1858 GORDON ST GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 | ENE | 232.13 | 24 | | COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY | 1858 GORDON STREET GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 | ENE | 232.13 | 24 | PINC - TSSA Pipeline Incidents A search of the PINC database, dated Feb 28, 2017 has found that there are 1 PINC site(s) within approximately 0.25 kilometers of the project property. | Lower Elevation | Address | Direction | Distance (m) | Map Key | |-----------------|--------------------------|-----------|--------------|---------| | union gas<UNOFFICIAL> | 254 Gosling Gardens Guelph ON | SW | 189.91 | 18 | SPL - Ontario Spills A search of the SPL database, dated 1988-Sep 2018 has found that there are 2 SPL site(s) within approximately 0.25 kilometers of the project property. | Lower Elevation | Address | Direction | Distance (m) | Map Key | |-----------------|--------------------------|-----------|--------------|---------| | union gas<UNOFFICIAL> | 254 Gosling Gardens Guelph ON | SW | 189.91 | 18 | | Union Gas Limited | 254 Gosling Gardens (Lot 26) Guelph ON | SW | 189.91 | 18 | WWIS - Water Well Information System A search of the WWIS database, dated Dec 31, 2017 has found that there are 22 WWIS site(s) within approximately 0.25 kilometers of the project property. | Equal/Higher Elevation | Address | Direction | Distance (m) | Map Key | |------------------------|--------------------------|-----------|--------------|---------| | | lot 11 con 7 ON | SSE | 43.96 | 3 | | | | | | | | | GUELPH ON | S | 51.86 | 4 | | | | | | | | | Guelph ON | ESE | 58.56 | 5 | | | | | | | | | Guelph ON | SE | 83.43 | 6 | | | | | | | | | lot 11 con 7 ON | S | 97.00 | 8 | | | | | | | | | GUELPH ON | S | 112.78 | 11 | | Lower Elevation | Address | Direction | Distance (m) | Map Key | |------------------------|--------------------------|-----------|--------------|---------| | | lot 11 con 7 ON | NW | 30.51 | 2 | | | | | | | | | lot 11 con 7 ON | W | 83.57 | 7 | | | | | | | | | GUELPH ON | E | 104.33 | 9 | | | | | | | | | GUELPH ON | E | 108.92 | 10 | | | | | | | | | Guelph ON | W | 131.91 | 13 | | Well ID: 7231334 | lot 11 con 7 ON | WNW | 136.88 | 14 | |-----------------|-----------------|-----|--------|----| | Well ID: 6702484 | GUELPH ON | E | 147.21 | 15 | | Well ID: 7264057 | GUELPH ON | E | 147.21 | 15 | | Well ID: 7264056 | GUELPH ON | WSW | 162.03 | 16 | | Well ID: 7157283 | lot 11 con 7 GUELPH ON | WSW | 167.13 | 17 | | Well ID: 7232850 | lot 11 con 8 Guelph ON | NNW | 192.80 | 19 | | Well ID: 7118150 | Guelph ON | SW | 210.13 | 22 | | Well ID: 7231333 | lot 12 con 8 ON | ESE | 221.35 | 23 | | Well ID: 6702639 | Guelph ON | NW | 232.69 | 25 | | Well ID: 7285955 | GUELPH ON | NW | 239.57 | 27 | | Well ID: 7150520 | lot 1 con 7 ON | ESE | 247.18 | 28 | | Well ID: 6710049 | | | | | Map: 0.25 Kilometer Radius Order No: 20190109082 Address: 1871 Gordon St, Guelph, ON, N1L 1G7 - Project Property - Buffer Outline - Eris Sites with Higher Elevation - Eris Sites with Same Elevation - Eris Sites with Lower Elevation - Eris Sites with Unknown Elevation - Expressway - Industrial and Resource - Regions - National Park - Provincial or Territorial Park - Other Park - Golf Course or Driving Range - Park or Sports Field - Other Recreation Area - Principal Highway - Main Line - Sidetrack - Secondary Highway - Transit Line - Major Road - Local road - Abandoned Line - Trail - Proposed Road - Ferry Route/Ice Road Source: © 2015 DMTI Spatial Inc. © ERIS Information Limited Partnership Aerial (2017) Address: 1871 Gordon St, Guelph, ON, N1L 1G7 Source: ESRI World Imagery Order No: 20190109082 Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community © ERIS Information Limited Partnership Topographic Map Address: 1871 Gordon St, Guelph, ON, N1L 1G7 Source: ESRI World Topographic Map Sources: Esri, HERE, Garmin, Intermap, increment P Corp., GEBCO, USGS, FAO, NPS, NRCAN, GeoBase, IGN, Kadaster NL, Ordnance Survey, Esri Japan, METI, Esri China (Hong Kong), swisstopo, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS User Community Order No: 20190109082 © ERIS Information Limited Partnership | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | 1 | 1 of 1 | SSW/15.2 | 352.8 / 1.74 | 1879 GORDON ST, GUELPH ON N1L 1G7 | INC | **Incident No:** 243962 **Incident ID:** 2395306 **Attribute Category:** FS-Incident **Status Code:** Causal Analysis Complete **Incident Location:** 1879 GORDON ST, GUELPH - 1-1/4" PIPELINE HIT **Drainage System:** **Sub Surface Contam.:** **Aft. Prop. Use Water:** **Contam. Migrated:** **Contact Natural Env.:** **Near Body of Water:** **Approx. Quant. Rel.:** **Equipment Model:** **Serial No:** **Residential App. Type:** **Commercial App. Type:** **Industrial App. Type:** **Institutional App. Type:** **Venting Type:** **Vent Connector Mater:** **Vent Chimney Mater:** **Pipeline Type:** Main Distribution Pipeline **Pipeline Involved:** **Pipe Material:** Plastic **Depth Ground Cover:** 11" **Regulator Location:** Outside **Regulator Type:** Service Regulator (up to 60 psi intake) **Operation Pressure:** 50# **Liquid Prop Make:** **Liquid Prop Model:** **Liquid Prop Serial No:** **Equipment Type:** **Cylinder Capacity:** **Cylinder Capac. Units:** **Cylinder Material Type:** **Tank Capacity:** **Fuels Occurence Type:** **Fuel Type Involved:** **Date of Occurence:** **Time of Occurence:** **Occur Insp Start Date:** **Any Health Impact:** **Any Environmental Impact:** **Was Service Interrupted:** **Was Property Damaged:** **Operation Type Involved:** **Enforcement Policy:** **Prc Escalation Required:** **Task No:** **Notes:** **Occurence Narrative:** **Tank Material Type:** **Tank Storage Type:** | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | | 2 | NW/30.5 | 350.9 / -0.21| lot 11 con 7 ON | WWIS | **Well ID:** 6702486 **Data Entry Status:** 1 **Data Src:** 1 **Date Received:** 12/30/1957 **Selected Flag:** Yes **Abandonment Rec:** **Contractor:** 2414 **Form Version:** 1 **Owner:** **Street Name:** **County:** WELLINGTON **Municipality:** PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP **Site Info:** **Lot:** 011 **Concession:** 07 **Concession Name:** CON **Easting NAD83:** **Northing NAD83:** **Zone:** **UTM Reliability:** **Bore Hole Information** **Bore Hole ID:** 10466629 **Elevation:** 349.3 **DP2BR:** 109 **Elevrc:** **Spatial Status:** **Zone:** 17 **Code OB:** r **East83:** 565720.3 **Code OB Desc:** Bedrock **Org CS:** **Open Hole:** **North83:** 4816503 **Cluster Kind:** **UTMRC:** 9 **Date Completed:** 05-NOV-57 **UTMRC Desc:** unknown UTM **Remarks:** **Location Method:** p9 **Elevrc Desc:** **Location Source Date:** **Improvement Location Source:** **Improvement Location Method:** **Source Revision Comment:** **Supplier Comment:** **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** **Formation ID:** 932614009 **Layer:** 2 **Color:** **General Color:** **Mat1:** 11 **Most Common Material:** GRAVEL **Mat2:** 09 **Other Materials:** MEDIUM SAND **Mat3:** **Other Materials:** **Formation Top Depth:** 30 **Formation End Depth:** 55 | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | | | | | | | Formation ID: | 932614008 | | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | | Color: | | | | | | | General Color: | | | | | | | Mat1: | 05 | | | | | | Most Common Material: | CLAY | | | | | | Mat2: | 11 | | | | | | Other Materials: | GRAVEL | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 0 | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 30 | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | Formation ID: | 932614014 | | | | | | Layer: | 7 | | | | | | Color: | 6 | | | | | | General Color: | BROWN | | | | | | Mat1: | 15 | | | | | | Most Common Material: | LIMESTONE | | | | | | Mat2: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 109 | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 170 | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | Formation ID: | 932614010 | | | | | | Layer: | 3 | | | | | | Color: | 2 | | | | | | General Color: | GREY | | | | | | Mat1: | 05 | | | | | | Most Common Material: | CLAY | | | | | | Mat2: | 09 | | | | | | Other Materials: | MEDIUM SAND | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 55 | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 73 | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | Formation ID: | 932614011 | | | | | | Layer: | 4 | | | | | | Color: | | | | | | | General Color: | | | | | | | Mat1: | 11 | | | | | | Most Common Material: | GRAVEL | | | | | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------| | Mat2: | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 73 | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 75 | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | | | | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | Formation ID: | 932614012 | | Layer: | 5 | | Color: | 2 | | General Color: | GREY | | Mat1: | 05 | | Most Common Material: | CLAY | | Mat2: | 09 | | Other Materials: | MEDIUM SAND | | Mat3: | | | Other Materials: | | | Formation Top Depth: | 75 | | Formation End Depth: | 106 | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | Formation ID: | 932614013 | | Layer: | 6 | | Color: | | | General Color: | | | Mat1: | 10 | | Most Common Material: | COARSE SAND | | Mat2: | | | Other Materials: | | | Mat3: | | | Other Materials: | | | Formation Top Depth: | 106 | | Formation End Depth: | 109 | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | **Method of Construction & Well Use** | Method Construction ID: | 966702486 | | Method Construction Code: | 1 | | Method Construction: | Cable Tool | | Other Method Construction: | | **Pipe Information** | Pipe ID: | 11015199 | | Casing No: | 1 | | Comment: | | | Alt Name: | | **Construction Record - Casing** | Casing ID: | 930758868 | | Layer: | 1 | | Material: | 1 | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|-----------------------|----| | Open Hole or Material: | STEEL | | | | | | Depth From: | | | | | | | Depth To: | 113 | | | | | | Casing Diameter: | 4 | | | | | | Casing Diameter UOM: | inch | | | | | | Casing Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | **Construction Record - Casing** | Casing ID: | 930758869 | | | | | | Layer: | 2 | | | | | | Material: | 4 | | | | | | Open Hole or Material: | OPEN HOLE | | | | | | Depth From: | | | | | | | Depth To: | 170 | | | | | | Casing Diameter: | 4 | | | | | | Casing Diameter UOM: | inch | | | | | | Casing Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | **Results of Well Yield Testing** | Pump Test ID: | 996702486 | | | | | | Pump Set At: | | | | | | | Static Level: | 60 | | | | | | Final Level After Pumping: | 80 | | | | | | Recommended Pump Depth: | | | | | | | Pumping Rate: | 6 | | | | | | Flowing Rate: | | | | | | | Recommended Pump Rate: | | | | | | | Levels UOM: | ft | | | | | | Rate UOM: | GPM | | | | | | Water State After Test Code: | 1 | | | | | | Water State After Test: | CLEAR | | | | | | Pumping Test Method: | 1 | | | | | | Pumping Duration HR: | 2 | | | | | | Pumping Duration MIN: | 0 | | | | | | Flowing: | N | | | | | **Water Details** | Water ID: | 933954820 | | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | | Kind Code: | 1 | | | | | | Kind: | FRESH | | | | | | Water Found Depth: | 160 | | | | | | Water Found Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | --- Well ID: 6702483 Data Entry Status: 1 Data Src: 1 Date Received: 1/17/1951 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Contractor: 2414 Form Version: 1 Owner: Street Name: County: WELLINGTON Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP Site Info: | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|-------------------------------|----| | Depth to Bedrock:| | | | Lot: 011 | | | Well Depth: | | | | Concession: 07 | | | Overburden/Bedrock: | | | | Concession Name: CON | | | Pump Rate: | | | | Easting NAD83: | | | Static Water Level: | | | | Northing NAD83: | | | Flowing (Y/N): | | | | Zone: | | | Flow Rate: | | | | UTM Reliability: | | **Bore Hole Information** - **Bore Hole ID:** 10466626 - **DP2BR:** 169 - **Spatial Status:** r - **Code OB:** Bedrock - **Open Hole:** - **Cluster Kind:** - **Date Completed:** 30-SEP-50 - **Remarks:** - **Elevrc Desc:** - **Location Source Date:** - **Improvement Location Source:** - **Improvement Location Method:** - **Source Revision Comment:** - **Supplier Comment:** **Elevation:** 355.5 **Elelvr:** **Zone:** 17 **East83:** 565755.3 **Org CS:** **North83:** 4816438 **UTMRC:** 9 **UTMRC Desc:** unknown UTM **Location Method:** p9 **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** - **Formation ID:** 932613996 - **Layer:** 5 - **Color:** - **General Color:** - **Mat1:** 09 - **Most Common Material:** MEDIUM SAND - **Mat2:** - **Other Materials:** - **Mat3:** - **Other Materials:** - **Formation Top Depth:** 129 - **Formation End Depth:** 169 - **Formation End Depth UOM:** ft **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** - **Formation ID:** 932613997 - **Layer:** 6 - **Color:** 6 - **General Color:** BROWN - **Mat1:** 15 - **Most Common Material:** LIMESTONE - **Mat2:** - **Other Materials:** - **Mat3:** - **Other Materials:** - **Formation Top Depth:** 169 - **Formation End Depth:** 201 - **Formation End Depth UOM:** ft | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | **Materials Interval** | | | | | | | Formation ID: | 932613992 | | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | | Color: | | | | | | | General Color: | | | | | | | Mat1: | 12 | | | | | | Most Common Material: | STONES | | | | | | Mat2: | 05 | | | | | | Other Materials: | CLAY | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 0 | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 50 | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | | | | | | | Formation ID: | 932613993 | | | | | | Layer: | 2 | | | | | | Color: | | | | | | | General Color: | | | | | | | Mat1: | 09 | | | | | | Most Common Material: | MEDIUM SAND | | | | | | Mat2: | 05 | | | | | | Other Materials: | CLAY | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 50 | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 98 | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | | | | | | | Formation ID: | 932613995 | | | | | | Layer: | 4 | | | | | | Color: | | | | | | | General Color: | | | | | | | Mat1: | 09 | | | | | | Most Common Material: | MEDIUM SAND | | | | | | Mat2: | 05 | | | | | | Other Materials: | CLAY | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 101 | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 129 | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | | | | | | | Formation ID: | 932613994 | | | | | | Layer: | 3 | | | | | | Color: | | | | | | | General Color: | | | | | | | Mat1: | 11 | | | | | | Most Common Material: | GRAVEL | | | | | | Mat2: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |-------------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|------| | Formation Top Depth: | 98 | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 101 | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM:| ft | | | | **Method of Construction & Well Use** - Method Construction ID: 966702483 - Method Construction Code: 1 - Method Construction: Cable Tool - Other Method Construction: **Pipe Information** - Pipe ID: 11015196 - Casing No: 1 - Comment: - Alt Name: **Construction Record - Casing** - Casing ID: 930758861 - Layer: 1 - Material: 1 - Open Hole or Material: STEEL - Depth From: - Depth To: 129 - Casing Diameter: 6 - Casing Diameter UOM: inch - Casing Depth UOM: ft **Construction Record - Casing** - Casing ID: 930758863 - Layer: 3 - Material: 4 - Open Hole or Material: OPEN HOLE - Depth From: - Depth To: 201 - Casing Diameter: 6 - Casing Diameter UOM: inch - Casing Depth UOM: ft **Construction Record - Casing** - Casing ID: 930758862 - Layer: 2 - Material: - Open Hole or Material: - Depth From: - Depth To: 169 - Casing Diameter: 6 - Casing Diameter UOM: inch - Casing Depth UOM: ft **Results of Well Yield Testing** - Pump Test ID: 996702483 - Pump Set At: - Static Level: 84 - Final Level After Pumping: 114 | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|-----------------------| | Recommended Pump Depth: | 155 | | | | | Pumping Rate: | 10 | | | | | Flowing Rate: | | | | | | Recommended Pump Rate: | 10 | | | | | Levels UOM: | ft | | | | | Rate UOM: | GPM | | | | | Water State After Test Code: | 1 | | | | | Water State After Test: | CLEAR | | | | | Pumping Test Method: | 1 | | | | | Pumping Duration HR: | 5 | | | | | Pumping Duration MIN: | 0 | | | | | Flowing: | N | | | | **Water Details** - Water ID: 933954817 - Layer: 1 - Kind Code: 1 - Kind: FRESH - Water Found Depth: 198 - Water Found Depth UOM: ft --- **GUELPH ON** - Well ID: 7157282 - Construction Date: - Primary Water Use: Monitoring - Sec. Water Use: - Final Well Status: Observation Wells - Water Type: - Casing Material: - Audit No: Z123639 - Tag: A110036 - Construction Method: - Elevation (m): - Elevation Reliability: - Depth to Bedrock: - Well Depth: - Overburden/Bedrock: - Pump Rate: - Static Water Level: - Flowing (Y/N): - Flow Rate: - Clear/Cloudy: **Bore Hole Information** - Bore Hole ID: 1003449518 - DP2BR: - Spatial Status: - Code OB: - Code OB Desc: - Open Hole: - Cluster Kind: - Date Completed: 26-NOV-10 - Remarks: - Elevrc Desc: - Location Source Date: - Improvement Location Source: - Improvement Location Method: - Source Revision Comment: - Supplier Comment: - Elevation: 355.6 - Elevrc: - Zone: 17 - East83: 565742 - Org CS: UTM83 - North83: 4816427 - UTMRC: 3 - UTMRC Desc: margin of error : 10 - 30 m - Location Method: wwr ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval | Formation ID | 1003585028 | |--------------|------------| | Layer | 1 | | Color | 6 | | General Color| BROWN | | Mat1 | 28 | | Most Common Material | SAND | | Mat2 | 31 | | Other Materials | COARSE GRAVEL | | Mat3 | | | Other Materials | | | Formation Top Depth | 0 | | Formation End Depth | 85 | | Formation End Depth UOM | ft | ### Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record | Plug ID | 1003585030 | |-----------|------------| | Layer | 1 | | Plug From | 85 | | Plug To | 15 | | Plug Depth UOM | ft | ### Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record | Plug ID | 1003585031 | |-----------|------------| | Layer | 2 | | Plug From | 15 | | Plug To | 0 | | Plug Depth UOM | ft | ### Method of Construction & Well Use | Method Construction ID | 1003585036 | |------------------------|------------| | Method Construction Code | B | | Method Construction | Other Method | | Other Method Construction | AUGERS | ### Pipe Information | Pipe ID | 1003585027 | |-----------|------------| | Casing No | 0 | | Comment | | | Alt Name | | ### Construction Record - Casing | Casing ID | 1003585033 | |-------------|------------| | Layer | 1 | | Material | 5 | | Open Hole or Material | PLASTIC | | Depth From | 0 | | Depth To | 75 | | Casing Diameter | 2 | | Casing Diameter UOM | inch | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------| | | | | | Guelph ON | | | | ESE/58.6 | 351.6 / 0.54 | WWIS | **Casing Depth UOM:** ft **Construction Record - Screen** - **Screen ID:** 1003585034 - **Layer:** 1 - **Slot:** 10 - **Screen Top Depth:** 75 - **Screen End Depth:** 85 - **Screen Material:** 5 - **Screen Depth UOM:** ft - **Screen Diameter UOM:** inch - **Screen Diameter:** 2 **Water Details** - **Water ID:** 1003585032 - **Layer:** - **Kind Code:** - **Kind:** - **Water Found Depth:** - **Water Found Depth UOM:** ft **Hole Diameter** - **Hole ID:** 1003585029 - **Diameter:** - **Depth From:** - **Depth To:** - **Hole Depth UOM:** ft - **Hole Diameter UOM:** inch **Well ID:** 7210311 - **Construction Date:** - **Primary Water Use:** - **Sec. Water Use:** - **Final Well Status:** 0 - **Water Type:** - **Casing Material:** - **Audit No:** Z117874 - **Tag:** - **Construction Method:** - **Elevation (m):** - **Elevation Reliability:** - **Depth to Bedrock:** - **Well Depth:** - **Overburden/Bedrock:** - **Pump Rate:** - **Static Water Level:** - **Flowing (Y/N):** - **Flow Rate:** - **Clear/Cloudy:** **Bore Hole Information** - **Bore Hole ID:** 1004617035 - **DP2BR:** - **Spatial Status:** - **Code OB:** - **Elevation:** - **Eleivr:** - **Zone:** - **East83:** | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|-----------------------|----| | Code OB Desc: | | | | Org CS: | UTM83 | | Open Hole: | | | | North83: | | | Cluster Kind: | | | | UTMRC: | 9 | | Date Completed: | | | | UTMRC Desc: | unknown UTM | | Remarks: | | | | Location Method: | wwr | | Elevrc Desc: | | | | | | | Location Source Date: | | | | | | | Improvement Location Source: | | | | | | | Improvement Location Method: | | | | | | | Source Revision Comment: | | | | | | | Supplier Comment: | | | | | | **Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record** - **Plug ID:** 1004660275 - **Layer:** 1 - **Plug From:** 0 - **Plug To:** 31 - **Plug Depth UOM:** m **Method of Construction & Well Use** - **Method Construction ID:** 1004660274 - **Method Construction Code:** - **Method Construction:** - **Other Method Construction:** **Pipe Information** - **Pipe ID:** 1004660268 - **Casing No:** 0 - **Comment:** - **Alt Name:** **Construction Record - Casing** - **Casing ID:** 1004660272 - **Layer:** 1 - **Material:** - **Open Hole or Material:** - **Depth From:** - **Depth To:** - **Casing Diameter:** 150 - **Casing Diameter UOM:** cm - **Casing Depth UOM:** m **Construction Record - Screen** - **Screen ID:** 1004660273 - **Layer:** - **Slot:** - **Screen Top Depth:** - **Screen End Depth:** - **Screen Material:** - **Screen Depth UOM:** m - **Screen Diameter UOM:** cm - **Screen Diameter:** | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------| | | | | | Guelph ON | | | | SE/83.4 | 353.8 / 2.72 | WWIS | **Water ID:** 1004660271 **Layer:** **Kind Code:** **Kind:** **Water Found Depth:** **Water Found Depth UOM:** m **Hole Diameter** **Hole ID:** 1004660270 **Diameter:** **Depth From:** **Depth To:** **Hole Depth UOM:** m **Hole Diameter UOM:** cm **Well ID:** 7219270 **Construction Date:** **Primary Water Use:** **Sec. Water Use:** **Final Well Status:** 0 **Water Type:** **Casing Material:** **Audit No.:** Z117873 **Tag:** **Construction Method:** **Elevation (m):** **Elevation Reliability:** **Depth to Bedrock:** **Well Depth:** **Overburden/Bedrock:** **Pump Rate:** **Static Water Level:** **Flowing (Y/N):** **Flow Rate:** **Clear/Cloudy:** **Data Entry Status:** - **Data Src:** - **Date Received:** 4/17/2014 - **Selected Flag:** Yes - **Abandonment Rec:** Yes - **Contractor:** 6875 - **Form Version:** 7 - **Owner:** - **Street Name:** 1897 GORDON ST. - **County:** WELLINGTON - **Municipality:** GUELPH CITY - **Site Info:** - **Lot:** - **Concession:** - **Concession Name:** - **Easting NAD83:** - **Northing NAD83:** - **Zone:** - **UTM Reliability:** **Bore Hole Information** **Bore Hole ID:** 1004731907 **Elevation:** 355.3 **DP2BR:** **Spatial Status:** **Code OB:** **Code OB Desc:** **Open Hole:** **Cluster Kind:** **Date Completed:** **Remarks:** **Elevrc Desc:** **Location Source Date:** **Improvement Location Source:** **Improvement Location Method:** **Source Revision Comment:** **Supplier Comment:** **Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record** **Elevrc:** **Zone:** 17 **East83:** 565796 **Org CS:** UTM83 **North83:** 4816418 **UTMRC:** 3 **UTMRC Desc:** margin of error : 10 - 30 m **Location Method:** wwr | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|------| | Plug ID: | 1005133863 | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | Plug From: | 0 | | | | | Plug To: | 26.3 | | | | | Plug Depth UOM: | ft | | | | **Method of Construction & Well Use** - Method Construction ID: 1005133862 - Method Construction Code: - Method Construction: - Other Method Construction: **Pipe Information** - Pipe ID: 1005133856 - Casing No: 0 - Comment: - Alt Name: **Construction Record - Casing** - Casing ID: 1005133860 - Layer: 1 - Material: - Open Hole or Material: - Depth From: - Depth To: - Casing Diameter: 50 - Casing Diameter UOM: mm - Casing Depth UOM: ft **Construction Record - Screen** - Screen ID: 1005133861 - Layer: - Slot: - Screen Top Depth: - Screen End Depth: - Screen Material: - Screen Depth UOM: ft - Screen Diameter UOM: inch - Screen Diameter: **Water Details** - Water ID: 1005133859 - Layer: - Kind Code: - Kind: - Water Found Depth: - Water Found Depth UOM: ft **Hole Diameter** - Hole ID: 1005133858 - Diameter: - Depth From: - Depth To: - Hole Depth UOM: ft | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | 7 | 1 of 1 | W/83.6 | 347.2 / -3.88| lot 11 con 7 ON | WWIS | **Well ID:** 6702485 **Construction Date:** **Primary Water Use:** Domestic **Sec. Water Use:** 0 **Final Well Status:** Water Supply **Water Type:** **Casing Material:** **Audit No.:** **Tag:** **Construction Method:** **Elevation (m):** **Elevation Reliability:** **Depth to Bedrock:** **Well Depth:** **Overburden/Bedrock:** **Pump Rate:** **Static Water Level:** **Flowing (Y/N):** **Flow Rate:** **Clear/Cloudy:** **Data Entry Status:** **Data Src:** 1 **Date Received:** 1/23/1956 **Selected Flag:** Yes **Abandonment Rec:** **Contractor:** 2414 **Form Version:** 1 **Owner:** **Street Name:** **County:** WELLINGTON **Municipality:** PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP **Site Info:** **Lot:** 011 **Concession:** 07 **Concession Name:** CON **Eastling NAD83:** **Northing NAD83:** **Zone:** **UTM Reliability:** **Bore Hole Information** **Bore Hole ID:** 10466628 **DP2BR:** 117 **Spatial Status:** **Code OB:** r **Code OB Desc:** Bedrock **Open Hole:** **Cluster Kind:** **Date Completed:** 06-AUG-55 **Remarks:** **Elevrc Desc:** **Location Source Date:** **Improvement Location Source:** **Improvement Location Method:** **Source Revision Comment:** **Supplier Comment:** **Elevation:** 346.2 **Elevrc:** **Zone:** 17 **East83:** 565655.3 **Org CS:** **North83:** 4816476 **UTMRC:** 9 **UTMRC Desc:** unknown UTM **Location Method:** p9 **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** **Formation ID:** 932614002 **Layer:** 1 **Color:** **General Color:** **Mat1:** 12 **Most Common Material:** STONES **Mat2:** 05 **Other Materials:** CLAY **Mat3:** 11 **Other Materials:** GRAVEL **Formation Top Depth:** 0 **Formation End Depth:** 60 **Formation End Depth UOM:** ft **Overburden and Bedrock** | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | **Materials Interval** | | | | | | | Formation ID: | 932614007 | | | | | | Layer: | 6 | | | | | | Color: | 3 | | | | | | General Color: | BLUE | | | | | | Mat1: | 15 | | | | | | Most Common Material: | LIMESTONE | | | | | | Mat2: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 160 | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 180 | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | | | | | | | Formation ID: | 932614005 | | | | | | Layer: | 4 | | | | | | Color: | | | | | | | General Color: | | | | | | | Mat1: | 09 | | | | | | Most Common Material: | MEDIUM SAND | | | | | | Mat2: | 05 | | | | | | Other Materials: | CLAY | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 95 | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 117 | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | | | | | | | Formation ID: | 932614006 | | | | | | Layer: | 5 | | | | | | Color: | 6 | | | | | | General Color: | BROWN | | | | | | Mat1: | 15 | | | | | | Most Common Material: | LIMESTONE | | | | | | Mat2: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 117 | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 160 | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | | | | | | | Formation ID: | 932614004 | | | | | | Layer: | 3 | | | | | | Color: | | | | | | | General Color: | | | | | | | Mat1: | 11 | | | | | | Most Common Material: | GRAVEL | | | | | | Mat2: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |-------------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|------|----| | Formation Top Depth: | 90 | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 95 | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM:| ft | | | | | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | Formation ID: | 932614003 | | | | | | Layer: | 2 | | | | | | Color: | | | | | | | General Color: | | | | | | | Mat1: | 11 | | | | | | Most Common Material: | GRAVEL | | | | | | Mat2: | 05 | | | | | | Other Materials: | CLAY | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 60 | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 90 | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM:| ft | | | | | **Method of Construction & Well Use** | Method Construction ID: | 966702485 | | | | | | Method Construction Code:| 1 | | | | | | Method Construction: | Cable Tool | | | | | | Other Method Construction:| | | | | | **Pipe Information** | Pipe ID: | 11015198 | | | | | | Casing No: | 1 | | | | | | Comment: | | | | | | | Alt Name: | | | | | | **Construction Record - Casing** | Casing ID: | 930758867 | | | | | | Layer: | 2 | | | | | | Material: | 4 | | | | | | Open Hole or Material: | OPEN HOLE | | | | | | Depth From: | 180 | | | | | | Depth To: | 118 | | | | | | Casing Diameter: | 4 | | | | | | Casing Diameter UOM: | inch | | | | | | Casing Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | **Results of Well Yield Testing** | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|-----------------------|----| | Pump Test ID: | 996702485 | | | | | | Pump Set At: | | | | | | | Static Level: | 64 | | | | | | Final Level After Pumping: | 88 | | | | | | Recommended Pump Depth: | 5 | | | | | | Pumping Rate: | | | | | | | Flowing Rate: | | | | | | | Recommended Pump Rate: | | | | | | | Levels UOM: | ft | | | | | | Rate UOM: | GPM | | | | | | Water State After Test Code: | 1 | | | | | | Water State After Test: | CLEAR | | | | | | Pumping Test Method: | 1 | | | | | | Pumping Duration HR: | 3 | | | | | | Pumping Duration MIN: | 0 | | | | | | Flowing: | N | | | | | **Water Details** - Water ID: 933954819 - Layer: 1 - Kind Code: 1 - Kind: FRESH - Water Found Depth: 160 - Water Found Depth UOM: ft --- **Well Details** - Well ID: 6707721 - Construction Date: - Primary Water Use: Domestic - Sec. Water Use: 0 - Final Well Status: Water Supply - Water Type: - Casing Material: - Audit No: - Tag: - Construction Method: - Elevation (m): - Elevation Reliability: - Depth to Bedrock: - Well Depth: - Overburden/Bedrock: - Pump Rate: - Static Water Level: - Flowing (Y/N): - Flow Rate: - Clear/Cloudy: **Data Entry Status:** - Data Src: 1 - Date Received: 12/22/1982 - Selected Flag: Yes - Abandonment Rec: - Contractor: 2336 - Form Version: 1 - Owner: - Street Name: - County: WELLINGTON - Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP - Site Info: - Lot: 011 - Concession: 07 - Concession Name: CON - Easting NAD83: - Northing NAD83: - Zone: - UTM Reliability: **Bore Hole Information** - Bore Hole ID: 10471744 - DP2BR: - Spatial Status: - Code OB: 0 - Code OB Desc: Overburden - Open Hole: - Cluster Kind: - Date Completed: 10-DEC-82 - Remarks: - Elevrc Desc: - Elevation: 355.63 - Elevrc: - Zone: 17 - East83: 565754.3 - Org CS: - North83: 4816383 - UTMRC: 4 - UTMRC Desc: margin of error : 30 m - 100 m - Location Method: p4 | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | | | | | | | **Location Source Date:** **Improvement Location Source:** **Improvement Location Method:** **Source Revision Comment:** **Supplier Comment:** ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval | Formation ID: | 932636740 | |---------------|-----------| | Layer: | 6 | | Color: | 6 | | General Color:| BROWN | | Mat1: | 12 | | Most Common Material: | STONES | | Mat2: | 65 | | Other Materials: | DARK-COLOURED | | Mat3: | | | Other Materials: | | | Formation Top Depth: | 160 | | Formation End Depth: | 185 | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval | Formation ID: | 932636736 | |---------------|-----------| | Layer: | 2 | | Color: | 6 | | General Color:| BROWN | | Mat1: | 28 | | Most Common Material: | SAND | | Mat2: | 05 | | Other Materials: | CLAY | | Mat3: | 11 | | Other Materials: | GRAVEL | | Formation Top Depth: | 30 | | Formation End Depth: | 55 | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval | Formation ID: | 932636735 | |---------------|-----------| | Layer: | 1 | | Color: | 6 | | General Color:| BROWN | | Mat1: | 05 | | Most Common Material: | CLAY | | Mat2: | 28 | | Other Materials: | SAND | | Mat3: | 12 | | Other Materials: | STONES | | Formation Top Depth: | 0 | | Formation End Depth: | 30 | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval | Formation ID: | 932636737 | |---------------|-----------| | Layer: | 3 | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------| | | | | | DB | **Color:** - **General Color:** 14 - **Mat1:** HARDPAN - **Mat2:** 28 - **Other Materials:** SAND - **Mat3:** 11 - **Other Materials:** GRAVEL - **Formation Top Depth:** 55 - **Formation End Depth:** 60 - **Formation End Depth UOM:** ft **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | Formation ID | Layer | Color | General Color | Mat1 | Most Common Material | Mat2 | Other Materials | Mat3 | Other Materials | Formation Top Depth | Formation End Depth | Formation End Depth UOM | |--------------|-------|-------|---------------|------|----------------------|------|-----------------|------|-----------------|---------------------|---------------------|------------------------| | 932636739 | 5 | 6 | BROWN | 12 | STONES | 75 | LIGHT-COLOURED | | | 145 | 160 | ft | | 932636741 | 7 | 2 | GREY | 12 | STONES | 75 | LIGHT-COLOURED | | | 185 | 227 | ft | | 932636738 | 4 | 6 | BROWN | 05 | CLAY | 28 | SAND | 11 | GRAVEL | 60 | 145 | ft | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | | | | | | | **Method of Construction & Well Use** - **Method Construction ID:** 966707721 - **Method Construction Code:** 4 - **Method Construction:** Rotary (Air) - **Other Method Construction:** **Pipe Information** - **Pipe ID:** 11020314 - **Casing No:** 1 - **Comment:** - **Alt Name:** **Construction Record - Casing** - **Casing ID:** 930767697 - **Layer:** 1 - **Material:** 1 - **Open Hole or Material:** STEEL - **Depth From:** - **Depth To:** 145 - **Casing Diameter:** 5 - **Casing Diameter UOM:** inch - **Casing Depth UOM:** ft **Construction Record - Casing** - **Casing ID:** 930767698 - **Layer:** 2 - **Material:** 4 - **Open Hole or Material:** OPEN HOLE - **Depth From:** - **Depth To:** 227 - **Casing Diameter:** 5 - **Casing Diameter UOM:** inch - **Casing Depth UOM:** ft **Results of Well Yield Testing** - **Pump Test ID:** 996707721 - **Pump Set At:** - **Static Level:** 75 - **Final Level After Pumping:** 115 - **Recommended Pump Depth:** 130 - **Pumping Rate:** 10 - **Flowing Rate:** - **Recommended Pump Rate:** 10 - **Levels UOM:** ft - **Rate UOM:** GPM - **Water State After Test Code:** 1 - **Water State After Test:** CLEAR - **Pumping Test Method:** 1 - **Pumping Duration HR:** 1 - **Pumping Duration MIN:** 0 - **Flowing:** N **Draw Down & Recovery** - **Pump Test Detail ID:** 935134267 | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------| | | | | | | **Test Details** - **Test Type:** Recovery - **Test Duration:** 60 - **Test Level:** 75 - **Test Level UOM:** ft **Water Details** - **Water ID:** 933960939 - **Layer:** 1 - **Kind Code:** 1 - **Kind:** FRESH - **Water Found Depth:** 227 - **Water Found Depth UOM:** ft --- **GUELPH ON** - **Well ID:** 7264054 - **Construction Date:** - **Primary Water Use:** Monitoring - **Sec. Water Use:** - **Final Well Status:** Observation Wells - **Water Type:** - **Casing Material:** - **Audit No:** Z229318 - **Tag:** A190368 - **Construction Method:** - **Elevation (m):** - **Elevation Reliability:** - **Depth to Bedrock:** - **Well Depth:** - **Overburden/Bedrock:** - **Pump Rate:** - **Static Water Level:** - **Flowing (Y/N):** - **Flow Rate:** - **Clear/Cloudy:** **Bore Hole Information** - **Bore Hole ID:** 1006029443 - **DP2BR:** - **Spatial Status:** - **Code OB:** - **Code OB Desc:** - **Open Hole:** - **Cluster Kind:** - **Date Completed:** 05-APR-16 - **Remarks:** - **Elevrc Desc:** - **Location Source Date:** - **Improvement Location Source:** - **Improvement Location Method:** - **Source Revision Comment:** - **Supplier Comment:** **Elevation:** - **Elevrc:** - **Zone:** 17 - **East83:** 565843 - **Org CS:** UTM83 - **North83:** 4816473 - **UTMRC:** 4 - **UTMRC Desc:** margin of error : 30 m - 100 m - **Location Method:** wwr **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** - **Formation ID:** 1006083145 - **Layer:** 1 - **Color:** | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |-------------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|------|----| | General Color: | | | | | | | Mat1: | 02 | TOPSOIL | | | | | Most Common Material: | | | | | | | Mat2: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 0 | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 1.5 | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM:| ft | | | | | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | Formation ID: | 1006083146 | | | | | | Layer: | 2 | | | | | | Color: | | | | | | | General Color: | | | | | | | Mat1: | 28 | SAND | | | | | Most Common Material: | | | | | | | Mat2: | 11 | GRAVEL | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Mat3: | 06 | SILT | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 1.5 | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 13 | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM:| ft | | | | | **Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record** | Plug ID: | 1006083153 | | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | | Plug From: | 0 | | | | | | Plug To: | 7 | | | | | | Plug Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | **Method of Construction & Well Use** | Method Construction ID: | 1006083152 | | | | | | Method Construction Code:| E | | | | | | Method Construction: | Auger | | | | | | Other Method Construction:| | | | | | **Pipe Information** | Pipe ID: | 1006083144 | | | | | | Casing No: | 0 | | | | | | Comment: | | | | | | | Alt Name: | | | | | | **Construction Record - Casing** | Casing ID: | 1006083149 | | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | | Material: | 5 | PLASTIC | | | | | Open Hole or Material: | | | | | | | Depth From: | 2 | | | | | | Depth To: | 8 | | | | | | Casing Diameter: | 2 | | | | | | Casing Diameter UOM: | inch | | | | | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|------------|----| | Casing Depth UOM:| ft | | | | | **Construction Record - Screen** - **Screen ID:** 1006083150 - **Layer:** 1 - **Slot:** 10 - **Screen Top Depth:** 8 - **Screen End Depth:** 13 - **Screen Material:** 5 - **Screen Depth UOM:** ft - **Screen Diameter UOM:** inch - **Screen Diameter:** 2.5 **Water Details** - **Water ID:** 1006083148 - **Layer:** - **Kind Code:** - **Kind:** - **Water Found Depth:** - **Water Found Depth UOM:** ft **Hole Diameter** - **Hole ID:** 1006083147 - **Diameter:** 8 - **Depth From:** 0 - **Depth To:** 13 - **Hole Depth UOM:** ft - **Hole Diameter UOM:** inch --- **GUELPH ON** - **Well ID:** 7264055 - **Construction Date:** - **Primary Water Use:** Monitoring - **Sec. Water Use:** - **Final Well Status:** Observation Wells - **Water Type:** - **Casing Material:** - **Audit No:** Z229317 - **Tag:** A190366 - **Construction Method:** - **Elevation (m):** - **Elevation Reliability:** - **Depth to Bedrock:** - **Well Depth:** - **Overburden/Bedrock:** - **Pump Rate:** - **Static Water Level:** - **Flowing (Y/N):** - **Flow Rate:** - **Clear/Cloudy:** **Bore Hole Information** - **Bore Hole ID:** 1006029446 - **DP2BR:** - **Spatial Status:** - **Code OB:** - **Elevation:** 349.56 - **Elevrc:** - **Zone:** 17 - **East83:** 565847 --- **Data Entry Status:** - **Data Src:** - **Date Received:** 5/31/2016 - **Selected Flag:** Yes - **Abandonment Rec:** - **Contractor:** 7238 - **Form Version:** 7 - **Owner:** - **Street Name:** 1888 GORDON STREET - **County:** WELLINGTON - **Municipality:** PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP - **Site Info:** - **Lot:** - **Concession:** - **Concession Name:** - **Easting NAD83:** - **Northing NAD83:** - **Zone:** - **UTM Reliability:** | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|-------------------------------|----| | Code OB Desc: | | | | Org CS: | | | Open Hole: | | | | North83: | | | Cluster Kind: | | | | UTMRC: | | | Date Completed: | 05-APR-16 | | | UTMRC Desc: | | | Remarks: | | | | Location Method: | | | Elevrc Desc: | | | | margin of error : 30 m - 100 m| | | Location Source Date: | | | | | | | Improvement Location Source: | | | | | | | Improvement Location Method: | | | | | | | Source Revision Comment: | | | | | | | Supplier Comment: | | | | | | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | Formation ID: | 1006083158 | Layer: 3 | Color: | General Color: | | |-----------------|-------------------|-----------------------|---------------|-------------------------------|----| | Mat1: | 28 | Most Common Material: | SAND | | | | Mat2: | 11 | Other Materials: | GRAVEL | | | | Mat3: | | Other Materials: | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 20 | Formation End Depth: | 27 | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | Formation ID: | 1006083157 | Layer: 2 | Color: | General Color: | | |-----------------|-------------------|-----------------------|---------------|-------------------------------|----| | Mat1: | 28 | Most Common Material: | SAND | | | | Mat2: | 11 | Other Materials: | GRAVEL | | | | Mat3: | 06 | Other Materials: | SILT | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 1.5 | Formation End Depth: | 20 | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | Formation ID: | 1006083156 | Layer: 1 | Color: | General Color: | | |-----------------|-------------------|-----------------------|---------------|-------------------------------|----| | Mat1: | 02 | Most Common Material: | TOPSOIL | | | | Mat2: | | Other Materials: | | | | | Mat3: | | Other Materials: | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 0 | Formation End Depth: | 1.5 | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |-------------------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|------|----| | **Annular Space/Abandonment**| | | | | | | **Sealing Record** | | | | | | | Plug ID: | 1006083165 | | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | | Plug From: | 0 | | | | | | Plug To: | 19 | | | | | | Plug Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | **Method of Construction & Well Use** | | | | | | | Method Construction ID: | 1006083164 | | | | | | Method Construction Code: | E | | | | | | Method Construction: | Auger | | | | | | Other Method Construction: | | | | | | | **Pipe Information** | | | | | | | Pipe ID: | 1006083155 | | | | | | Casing No: | 0 | | | | | | Comment: | | | | | | | Alt Name: | | | | | | | **Construction Record - Casing** | | | | | | | Casing ID: | 1006083161 | | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | | Material: | 5 | | | | | | Open Hole or Material: | PLASTIC | | | | | | Depth From: | 2 | | | | | | Depth To: | 20 | | | | | | Casing Diameter: | 2 | | | | | | Casing Diameter UOM: | inch | | | | | | Casing Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | **Construction Record - Screen** | | | | | | | Screen ID: | 1006083162 | | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | | Slot: | 10 | | | | | | Screen Top Depth: | 20 | | | | | | Screen End Depth: | 25 | | | | | | Screen Material: | 5 | | | | | | Screen Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | Screen Diameter UOM: | inch | | | | | | Screen Diameter: | 2.5 | | | | | | **Water Details** | | | | | | | Water ID: | 1006083160 | | | | | | Layer: | | | | | | | Kind Code: | | | | | | | Kind: | | | | | | | Water Found Depth: | | | | | | | Water Found Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | **Hole Diameter** | | | | | | | Hole ID: | 1006083159 | | | | | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------| | | | S/112.8 | 354.9 / 3.79 | GUELPH ON | **Well ID:** 7157284 **Construction Date:** **Primary Water Use:** Monitoring **Sec. Water Use:** **Final Well Status:** Observation Wells **Water Type:** **Casing Material:** **Audit No:** Z123638 **Tag:** A110037 **Construction Method:** **Elevation (m):** **Elevation Reliability:** **Depth to Bedrock:** **Well Depth:** **Overburden/Bedrock:** **Pump Rate:** **Static Water Level:** **Flowing (Y/N):** **Flow Rate:** **Clear/Cloudy:** **Data Entry Status:** **Data Src:** **Date Received:** 1/7/2011 **Selected Flag:** Yes **Abandonment Rec:** **Contractor:** 7238 **Form Version:** 7 **Owner:** **Street Name:** 1897 GORDON ST. **County:** WELLINGTON **Municipality:** PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP **Site Info:** **Lot:** **Concession:** **Concession Name:** **Eastling NAD83:** **Northing NAD83:** **Zone:** **UTM Reliability:** **Bore Hole Information** **Bore Hole ID:** 1003449522 **DP2BR:** **Spatial Status:** **Code OB:** **Code OB Desc:** **Open Hole:** **Cluster Kind:** **Date Completed:** 02-DEC-10 **Remarks:** **Elevrc Desc:** **Location Source Date:** **Improvement Location Source:** **Improvement Location Method:** **Source Revision Comment:** **Supplier Comment:** **Elevation:** 355.4 **Elevrc:** **Zone:** 17 **East83:** 565754 **Org CS:** UTM83 **North83:** 4816367 **UTMRC:** 3 **UTMRC Desc:** margin of error : 10 - 30 m **Location Method:** wwr **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** **Formation ID:** 1003585049 **Layer:** 1 **Color:** 6 **General Color:** BROWN **Mat1:** 28 **Most Common Material:** SAND **Mat2:** 31 **Other Materials:** COARSE GRAVEL **Mat3:** **Other Materials:** **Formation Top Depth:** 0 **Formation End Depth:** 88 | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |-------------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|------|----| | Formation End Depth UOM:| ft | | | | | | Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record | | | | | | | Plug ID: | 1003585051 | | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | | Plug From: | 88 | | | | | | Plug To: | 18 | | | | | | Plug Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record | | | | | | | Plug ID: | 1003585052 | | | | | | Layer: | 2 | | | | | | Plug From: | 15 | | | | | | Plug To: | 0 | | | | | | Plug Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | Method of Construction & Well Use | | | | | | | Method Construction ID: | 1003585057 | | | | | | Method Construction Code: | B | | | | | | Method Construction: | Other Method | | | | | | Other Method Construction: | AUGERS | | | | | | Pipe Information | | | | | | | Pipe ID: | 1003585048 | | | | | | Casing No: | 0 | | | | | | Comment: | | | | | | | Alt Name: | | | | | | | Construction Record - Casing | | | | | | | Casing ID: | 1003585054 | | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | | Material: | 5 | | | | | | Open Hole or Material: | PLASTIC | | | | | | Depth From: | 0 | | | | | | Depth To: | 78 | | | | | | Casing Diameter: | 2 | | | | | | Casing Diameter UOM: | inch | | | | | | Casing Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | Construction Record - Screen | | | | | | | Screen ID: | 1003585055 | | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | | Slot: | 10 | | | | | | Screen Top Depth: | 78 | | | | | | Screen End Depth: | 88 | | | | | | Screen Material: | 5 | | | | | | Screen Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | Screen Diameter UOM: | inch | | | | | | Screen Diameter: | 2 | | | | | Water Details | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------| | | | | | 1897 Grdon Street Guelph ON | | | | | | EHS | **Order No:** 20130423019 **Status:** C **Report Type:** Custom Report **Report Date:** 25-APR-13 **Date Received:** 23-APR-13 **Previous Site Name:** **Lot/Building Size:** 5.97 Hectares **Additional Info Ordered:** --- | Well ID: | 7231334 | |----------|---------| | **Data Entry Status:** | | **Data Src:** | | **Date Received:** | 11/10/2014 | | **Selected Flag:** | Yes | | **Abandonment Rec:** | | **Contractor:** | 7238 | | **Form Version:** | 7 | | **Owner:** | | **Street Name:** | 1897 GORDON STREET | | **County:** | WELLINGTON | | **Municipality:** | PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP | | **Site Info:** | | **Lot:** | | **Concession:** | | **Concession Name:** | | **Eastling NAD83:** | | **Northing NAD83:** | | **Zone:** | | **UTM Reliability:** | **Bore Hole Information** | Bore Hole ID: | 1005211870 | |---------------|------------| | **Elevation:** | 341.83 | | **Elevrc:** | 17 | | **Zone:** | | **East83:** | 565607 | | **Org CS:** | UTM83 | | **North83:** | 4816474 | | **UTMRC:** | 4 | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | Date Completed: | 03-OCT-14 | | | UTMRC Desc: | margin of error : 30 m - 100 m | | Remarks: | | | | Location Method: | wwr | | Elevr Desc: | | | | | | | Location Source Date: | | | | | | | Improvement Location Source: | | | | | | | Improvement Location Method: | | | | | | | Source Revision Comment: | | | | | | | Supplier Comment: | | | | | | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | Formation ID: | 1005286224 | | Layer: | 1 | | Color: | 6 | | General Color: | BROWN | | Mat1: | 28 | | Most Common Material: | SAND | | Mat2: | 11 | | Other Materials: | GRAVEL | | Mat3: | 77 | | Other Materials: | LOOSE | | Formation Top Depth: | 0 | | Formation End Depth: | 40 | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | Formation ID: | 1005286225 | | Layer: | 2 | | Color: | 6 | | General Color: | BROWN | | Mat1: | 28 | | Most Common Material: | SAND | | Mat2: | | | Other Materials: | | | Mat3: | 77 | | Other Materials: | LOOSE | | Formation Top Depth: | 40 | | Formation End Depth: | 45 | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | **Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record** | Plug ID: | 1005286232 | | Layer: | 1 | | Plug From: | 0 | | Plug To: | 33 | | Plug Depth UOM: | ft | **Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record** | Plug ID: | 1005286233 | | Layer: | 2 | | Plug From: | 33 | | Plug To: | 45 | | Plug Depth UOM: | ft | **Method of Construction & Well** | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | | | | | | | **Use** - **Method Construction ID:** 1005286231 - **Method Construction Code:** B - **Method Construction:** Other Method - **Other Method Construction:** **Pipe Information** - **Pipe ID:** 1005286223 - **Casing No:** 0 - **Comment:** - **Alt Name:** **Construction Record - Casing** - **Casing ID:** 1005286228 - **Layer:** 1 - **Material:** 5 - **Open Hole or Material:** PLASTIC - **Depth From:** 0 - **Depth To:** 35 - **Casing Diameter:** 2 - **Casing Diameter UOM:** inch - **Casing Depth UOM:** ft **Construction Record - Screen** - **Screen ID:** 1005286229 - **Layer:** 1 - **Slot:** 10 - **Screen Top Depth:** 35 - **Screen End Depth:** 45 - **Screen Material:** 5 - **Screen Depth UOM:** ft - **Screen Diameter UOM:** inch - **Screen Diameter:** 2.5 **Water Details** - **Water ID:** 1005286227 - **Layer:** 1 - **Kind Code:** - **Kind:** - **Water Found Depth:** 40 - **Water Found Depth UOM:** ft **Hole Diameter** - **Hole ID:** 1005286226 - **Diameter:** 8 - **Depth From:** 0 - **Depth To:** 45 - **Hole Depth UOM:** ft - **Hole Diameter UOM:** inch --- 14 1 of 1 WNW/136.9 343.5 / -7.62 lot 11 con 7 ON WWIS Well ID: 6702484 Data Entry Status: Data Src: 1 Order No: 20190109082 | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----| | Primary Water Use: | Domestic | | | Date Received: 1/31/1955 | | | Sec. Water Use: | 0 | | | Selected Flag: Yes | | | Final Well Status: | Water Supply | | | Abandonment Rec: | | | Water Type: | | | | Contractor: 2414 | | | Casing Material: | | | | Form Version: 1 | | | Audit No: | | | | Owner: | | | Tag: | | | | Street Name: | | | Construction Method: | | | | County: WELLINGTON | | | Elevation (m): | | | | Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP | | | Elevation Reliability: | | | | Site Info: | | | Depth to Bedrock: | | | | Lot: 011 | | | Well Depth: | | | | Concession: 07 | | | Overburden/Bedrock: | | | | Concession Name: CON | | | Pump Rate: | | | | Easting NAD83: | | | Static Water Level: | | | | Northing NAD83: | | | Flowing (Y/N): | | | | Zone: | | | Flow Rate: | | | | UTM Reliability: | | | Clear/Cloudy: | | | | | | **Bore Hole Information** - **Bore Hole ID:** 10466627 - **DP2BR:** 93 - **Spatial Status:** r - **Code OB:** Bedrock - **Open Hole:** - **Cluster Kind:** - **Date Completed:** 01-OCT-54 - **Remarks:** - **Elevrc Desc:** - **Location Source Date:** - **Improvement Location Source:** - **Improvement Location Method:** - **Source Revision Comment:** - **Supplier Comment:** **Elevation:** 340.3 - **Elevrc:** - **Zone:** 17 - **East83:** 565609.3 - **Org CS:** - **North83:** 4816523 - **UTMRC:** 5 - **UTMRC Desc:** margin of error : 100 m - 300 m - **Location Method:** p5 **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** - **Formation ID:** 932613999 - **Layer:** 2 - **Color:** - **General Color:** - **Mat1:** 09 - **Most Common Material:** MEDIUM SAND - **Mat2:** 05 - **Other Materials:** CLAY - **Mat3:** - **Other Materials:** - **Formation Top Depth:** 60 - **Formation End Depth:** 93 - **Formation End Depth UOM:** ft **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** - **Formation ID:** 932613998 - **Layer:** 1 - **Color:** - **General Color:** - **Mat1:** 12 - **Most Common Material:** STONES | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------| | Mat2: | | 05 | | | | Other Materials: | CLAY | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 0 | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 60 | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | | | | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | Formation ID: | 932614000 | | Layer: | 3 | | Color: | 6 | | General Color: | BROWN | | Mat1: | 15 | | Most Common Material: | LIMESTONE | | Mat2: | | | Other Materials: | | | Mat3: | | | Other Materials: | | | Formation Top Depth: | 93 | | Formation End Depth: | 130 | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | Formation ID: | 932614001 | | Layer: | 4 | | Color: | 3 | | General Color: | BLUE | | Mat1: | 15 | | Most Common Material: | LIMESTONE | | Mat2: | | | Other Materials: | | | Mat3: | | | Other Materials: | | | Formation Top Depth: | 130 | | Formation End Depth: | 151 | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | **Method of Construction & Well Use** | Method Construction ID: | 966702484 | | Method Construction Code: | 1 | | Method Construction: | Cable Tool | | Other Method Construction: | | **Pipe Information** | Pipe ID: | 11015197 | | Casing No: | 1 | | Comment: | | | Alt Name: | | **Construction Record - Casing** | Casing ID: | 930758865 | | Layer: | 2 | | Material: | 1 | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------| | Open Hole or Material: | STEEL | 151 | ft | GUELPH ON | | Depth From: | | | | | | Depth To: | 96 | | | | | Casing Diameter: | 4 | | | | | Casing Diameter UOM: | inch | | | | | Casing Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | Casing ID: | 930758864 | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | Material: | 1 | | | | | Open Hole or Material: | STEEL | | | | | Depth From: | | | | | | Depth To: | 96 | | | | | Casing Diameter: | 4 | | | | | Casing Diameter UOM: | inch | | | | | Casing Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | Pump Test ID: | 996702484 | | | | | Pump Set At: | | | | | | Static Level: | 38 | | | | | Final Level After Pumping: | 48 | | | | | Recommended Pump Depth: | | | | | | Pumping Rate: | 8 | | | | | Flowing Rate: | | | | | | Recommended Pump Rate: | | | | | | Levels UOM: | ft | | | | | Rate UOM: | GPM | | | | | Water State After Test Code: | 1 | | | | | Water State After Test: | CLEAR | | | | | Pumping Test Method: | 2 | | | | | Pumping Duration HR: | 1 | | | | | Pumping Duration MIN: | 0 | | | | | Flowing: | N | | | | | Water ID: | 933954818 | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | Kind Code: | 1 | | | | | Kind: | FRESH | | | | | Water Found Depth: | 140 | | | | | Water Found Depth UOM: | ft | | | | Well ID: 7264056 Construction Date: Monitoring Primary Water Use: Observation Wells Sec. Water Use: Monitoring Final Well Status: Observation Wells Water Type: Casing Material: Audit No: Z229316 Tag: A190370 Construction Method: Elevation (m): Elevation Reliability: Data Entry Status: Data Src: Date Received: 5/31/2016 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Contractor: 7238 Form Version: 7 Owner: Street Name: 1888 GORDON STREET County: WELLINGTON Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP Site Info: | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|-------------------------------|----| | Depth to Bedrock:| | | | Lot: | | | Well Depth: | | | | Concession: | | | Overburden/Bedrock: | | | | Concession Name: | | | Pump Rate: | | | | Easting NAD83: | | | Static Water Level: | | | | Northing NAD83: | | | Flowing (Y/N): | | | | Zone: | | | Flow Rate: | | | | UTM Reliability: | | | Clear/Cloudy: | | | | | | **Bore Hole Information** - **Bore Hole ID:** 1006029449 - **Elevation:** 349.58 - **DP2BR:** - **Spatial Status:** - **Code OB:** - **Code OB Desc:** - **Open Hole:** - **Cluster Kind:** - **Date Completed:** 24-APR-16 - **Remarks:** - **Elevrc Desc:** - **Location Source Date:** - **Improvement Location Source:** - **Improvement Location Method:** - **Source Revision Comment:** - **Supplier Comment:** - **Zone:** 17 - **East83:** 565886 - **Org CS:** UTM83 - **North83:** 4816482 - **UTMRC:** 4 - **UTMRC Desc:** margin of error : 30 m - 100 m - **Location Method:** wwr **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** - **Formation ID:** 1006083178 - **Layer:** 2 - **Color:** - **General Color:** - **Mat1:** 06 - **Most Common Material:** SILT - **Mat2:** 28 - **Other Materials:** SAND - **Mat3:** 11 - **Other Materials:** GRAVEL - **Formation Top Depth:** 1.5 - **Formation End Depth:** 13 - **Formation End Depth UOM:** ft **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** - **Formation ID:** 1006083177 - **Layer:** 1 - **Color:** - **General Color:** - **Mat1:** 02 - **Most Common Material:** TOPSOIL - **Mat2:** - **Other Materials:** - **Mat3:** - **Other Materials:** - **Formation Top Depth:** 0 - **Formation End Depth:** 1.5 - **Formation End Depth UOM:** ft **Annular Space/Abandonment** | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|------| | **Sealing Record** | | | | | | Plug ID: | 1006083185 | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | Plug From: | 0 | | | | | Plug To: | 7 | | | | | Plug Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | **Method of Construction & Well Use** | | | | | | Method Construction ID: | 1006083184 | | | | | Method Construction Code: | E | | | | | Method Construction: | Auger | | | | | Other Method Construction: | | | | | | **Pipe Information** | | | | | | Pipe ID: | 1006083176 | | | | | Casing No: | 0 | | | | | Comment: | | | | | | Alt Name: | | | | | | **Construction Record - Casing** | | | | | | Casing ID: | 1006083181 | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | Material: | 5 | | | | | Open Hole or Material: | PLASTIC | | | | | Depth From: | 2 | | | | | Depth To: | 8 | | | | | Casing Diameter: | 2 | | | | | Casing Diameter UOM: | inch | | | | | Casing Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | **Construction Record - Screen** | | | | | | Screen ID: | 1006083182 | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | Slot: | 10 | | | | | Screen Top Depth: | 8 | | | | | Screen End Depth: | 13 | | | | | Screen Material: | 5 | | | | | Screen Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | Screen Diameter UOM: | inch | | | | | Screen Diameter: | 2.5 | | | | | **Water Details** | | | | | | Water ID: | 1006083180 | | | | | Layer: | | | | | | Kind Code: | | | | | | Kind: | | | | | | Water Found Depth: | | | | | | Water Found Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | **Hole Diameter** | | | | | | Hole ID: | 1006083179 | | | | | Diameter: | 8 | | | | | Depth From: | 0 | | | | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------| | | 15 | E/147.2 | 349.4 / -1.70| GUELPH ON | **Well ID:** 7264057 **Data Entry Status:** **Data Src:** **Date Received:** 5/31/2016 **Selected Flag:** Yes **Abandonment Rec:** **Contractor:** 7238 **Form Version:** 7 **Owner:** **Street Name:** 1888 GORDON STREET **County:** WELLINGTON **Municipality:** GUELPH CITY **Site Info:** **Lot:** **Concession:** **Concession Name:** **Easting NAD83:** **Northing NAD83:** **Zone:** **UTM Reliability:** **Bore Hole Information** **Bore Hole ID:** 1006029452 **Elevation:** 349.58 **DP2BR:** **Spatial Status:** **Code OB:** **Code OB Desc:** **Open Hole:** **Cluster Kind:** **Date Completed:** 04-APR-16 **Remarks:** margin of error: 30 m - 100 m **Elevrc Desc:** **Location Source Date:** **Improvement Location Source:** **Improvement Location Method:** **Source Revision Comment:** **Supplier Comment:** **Location Method:** digit **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** **Formation ID:** 1006083188 **Layer:** 2 **Color:** **General Color:** **Mat1:** 06 **Most Common Material:** SILT **Mat2:** 11 **Other Materials:** GRAVEL **Mat3:** **Other Materials:** **Formation Top Depth:** 1.5 **Formation End Depth:** 15 **Formation End Depth UOM:** ft | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |-------------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|------|----| | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | | | | | | | Formation ID: | 1006083189 | | | | | | Layer: | 3 | | | | | | Color: | | | | | | | General Color: | | | | | | | Mat1: | 28 | | | | | | Most Common Material: | SAND | | | | | | Mat2: | 11 | | | | | | Other Materials: | GRAVEL | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 15 | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 26 | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM:| ft | | | | | | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | | | | | | | Formation ID: | 1006083187 | | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | | Color: | | | | | | | General Color: | | | | | | | Mat1: | 02 | | | | | | Most Common Material: | TOPSOIL | | | | | | Mat2: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 0 | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 1.5 | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM:| ft | | | | | | **Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record** | | | | | | | Plug ID: | 1006083196 | | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | | Plug From: | 0 | | | | | | Plug To: | 20 | | | | | | Plug Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | | **Method of Construction & Well Use** | | | | | | | Method Construction ID: | 1006083195 | | | | | | Method Construction Code:| E | | | | | | Method Construction: | Auger | | | | | | Other Method Construction: | | | | | | | **Pipe Information** | | | | | | | Pipe ID: | 1006083186 | | | | | | Casing No: | 0 | | | | | | Comment: | | | | | | | Alt Name: | | | | | | | **Construction Record - Casing** | | | | | | | Casing ID: | 1006083192 | | | | | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------| | Layer: | 1 | | | | | Material: | 5 | | | | | Open Hole or Material: | PLASTIC | | | | | Depth From: | 2 | | | | | Depth To: | 21 | | | | | Casing Diameter: | 2 | | | | | Casing Diameter UOM: | inch | | | | | Casing Depth UOM: | ft | | | | **Construction Record - Screen** | Screen ID: | 1006083193 | Layer: | 1 | |------------|------------|--------|---| | Slot: | 10 | | | | Screen Top Depth: | 21 | | | | Screen End Depth: | 26 | | | | Screen Material: | 5 | | | | Screen Depth UOM: | ft | | | | Screen Diameter UOM: | inch | | | | Screen Diameter: | 2.5 | | | **Water Details** | Water ID: | 1006083191 | Layer: | | |-----------|------------|--------|---------| | Kind Code: | | | | | Kind: | | | | | Water Found Depth: | | | | | Water Found Depth UOM: | ft | | | **Hole Diameter** | Hole ID: | 1006083190 | Diameter: | 8 | |----------|------------|-----------|---| | Depth From: | 0 | Depth To: | 26 | | Hole Depth UOM: | ft | Hole Diameter UOM: | inch | --- Well ID: 7157283 Construction Date: Monitoring Primary Water Use: Observation Wells Sec. Water Use: Final Well Status: Water Type: Casing Material: Audit No: Z123630 Tag: A110038 Construction Method: Elevation (m): Elevation Reliability: Depth to Bedrock: Well Depth: Overburden/Bedrock: Pump Rate: Static Water Level: Flowing (Y/N): Flow Rate: Clear/Cloudy: Data Entry Status: Data Src: Date Received: 1/7/2011 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Contractor: 7238 Form Version: 7 Owner: Street Name: 1897 GRODON ST. County: WELLINGTON Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP Site Info: Lot: Concession: Concession Name: Easting NAD83: Northing NAD83: Zone: UTM Reliability: ## Bore Hole Information | Bore Hole ID: | 1003449520 | |------------------------|------------| | DP2BR: | | | Spatial Status: | | | Code OB: | | | Code OB Desc: | | | Open Hole: | | | Cluster Kind: | | | Date Completed: | 03-DEC-10 | | Remarks: | | | Elevrc Desc: | | | Location Source Date: | | | Improvement Location Source: | | | Improvement Location Method: | | | Source Revision Comment: | | | Supplier Comment: | | ### Elevation: | Elevrc: | 342.21 | |-----------|--------| | Zone: | 17 | | East83: | 565584 | | Org CS: | UTM83 | | North83: | 4816431| | UTMRC: | 3 | | UTMRC Desc: | margin of error : 10 - 30 m | | Location Method: | wwr | ## Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval | Formation ID: | 1003585039 | |------------------------|------------| | Layer: | 1 | | Color: | 6 | | General Color: | BROWN | | Mat1: | 28 | | Most Common Material: | SAND | | Mat2: | 11 | | Other Materials: | GRAVEL | | Mat3: | 13 | | Other Materials: | BOULDERS | | Formation Top Depth: | 0 | | Formation End Depth: | 45 | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | ## Method of Construction & Well Use | Method Construction ID: | 1003585046 | |-------------------------|------------| | Method Construction Code: | 6 | | Method Construction: | Boring | | Other Method Construction: | | ## Pipe Information | Pipe ID: | 1003585038 | |-------------------|------------| | Casing No: | 0 | | Comment: | | | Alt Name: | | ## Construction Record - Casing | Casing ID: | 1003585043 | |---------------------|------------| | Layer: | 1 | | Material: | 5 | | Open Hole or Material: | PLASTIC | | Depth From: | 0 | | Depth To: | 35 | | Casing Diameter: | 2 | | Casing Diameter UOM: | inch | | Casing Depth UOM: | ft | ### Construction Record - Screen | Field | Value | |------------------------|----------------| | Screen ID | 1003585044 | | Layer | 1 | | Slot | 10 | | Screen Top Depth | 35 | | Screen End Depth | 45 | | Screen Material | 5 | | Screen Depth UOM | ft | | Screen Diameter UOM | inch | | Screen Diameter | 2 | ### Water Details | Field | Value | |------------------------|----------------| | Water ID | 1003585042 | | Layer | | | Kind Code | | | Kind | | | Water Found Depth | | | Water Found Depth UOM | ft | ### Hole Diameter | Field | Value | |------------------------|----------------| | Hole ID | 1003585040 | | Diameter | 8.25 | | Depth From | 0 | | Depth To | 45 | | Hole Depth UOM | ft | | Hole Diameter UOM | inch | ### Well Information | Field | Value | |------------------------|----------------| | Well ID | 7232850 | | Construction Date | | | Primary Water Use | Domestic | | Sec. Water Use | | | Final Well Status | Abandoned-Other| | Water Type | | | Casing Material | | | Audit No | Z192624 | | Tag | | | Construction Method | | | Elevation (m) | | | Elevation Reliability | | | Depth to Bedrock | | | Well Depth | | | Overburden/Bedrock | | | Pump Rate | | | Static Water Level | | | Flowing (Y/N) | | | Flow Rate | | | Clear/Cloudy | | ### Site Information | Field | Value | |------------------------|----------------| | Data Entry Status | | | Data Src | | | Date Received | 12/2/2014 | | Selected Flag | Yes | | Abandonment Rec | Yes | | Contractor | 2663 | | Form Version | 7 | | Owner | | | Street Name | 1827 GORDON ST.| | County | WELLINGTON | | Municipality | PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP | | Site Info | | | Lot | 011 | | Concession | 07 | | Concession Name | CON | | Easting NAD83 | | | Northing NAD83 | | | Zone | | | UTM Reliability | | ### Bore Hole Information | Field | Value | |------------------------|----------------| | Bore Hole ID | 1005246597 | | DP2BR | | | Spatial Status | | | Code OB | | | Code OB Desc | | | Elevation | 342.6 | | Elevrc | | | Zone | 17 | | East83 | 565582 | | Org CS | UTM83 | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|-----------------------|----| | Open Hole: | | | | North83: | | | Cluster Kind: | | | | 4816421 | | | Date Completed: | 23-OCT-14 | | | UTMRC: | | | Remarks: | | | | margin of error : 30 m - 100 m | | | Elevrc Desc: | | | | Location Method: | | | Location Source Date: | | | | wwr | | | Improvement Location Source: | | | | | | | Improvement Location Method: | | | | | | | Source Revision Comment: | | | | | | | Supplier Comment: | | | | | | **Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record** | Plug ID: | 1005364938 | | Layer: | 1 | | Plug From: | 0 | | Plug To: | 6 | | Plug Depth UOM: | ft | **Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record** | Plug ID: | 1005364939 | | Layer: | 2 | | Plug From: | 6 | | Plug To: | 65 | | Plug Depth UOM: | ft | **Method of Construction & Well Use** | Method Construction ID: | 1005364937 | | Method Construction Code: | | | Method Construction: | | | Other Method Construction: | | **Pipe Information** | Pipe ID: | 1005364930 | | Casing No: | 0 | | Comment: | | | Alt Name: | | **Construction Record - Casing** | Casing ID: | 1005364934 | | Layer: | | | Material: | | | Open Hole or Material: | | | Depth From: | | | Depth To: | | | Casing Diameter: | | | Casing Diameter UOM: | inch | | Casing Depth UOM: | ft | **Construction Record - Screen** | Screen ID: | 1005364935 | | Layer: | | | Slot: | | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | | | SW/189.9 | 344.6 / -6.51| 254 GOSLING GARDENS, GUELPH ON | PINC | **Incident ID:** **Incident No:** 1904490 **Type:** FS-Pipeline Incident **Status Code:** Pipeline Damage Reason Est **Fuel Occurrence Tp:** **Fuel Type:** **Tank Status:** RC Established **Task No:** 6251961 **Spills Action Centre:** **Method Details:** E-mail **Fuel Category:** Natural Gas **Date of Occurrence:** **Occurrence Start Date:** 2016/07/21 **Operation Type:** **Pipeline Type:** **Regulator Type:** **Summary:** 254 GOSLING GARDENS, GUELPH - PIPELINE HIT - 1 ¼" **Reported By:** Jeremy Miller - UNION GAS **Affiliation:** **Occurrence Desc:** **Damage Reason:** Excavation practices not sufficient **Notes:** --- | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | | | SW/189.9 | 344.6 / -6.51| union gas<UNOFFICIAL> 254 Gosling Gardens Guelph ON | SPL | **Ref No:** 2328-A7WQ9L **Site No:** NA **Incident Dt:** 2016/03/09 **Year:** **Incident Cause:** **Incident Event:** Leak/Break **Discharger Report:** **Material Group:** **Client Type:** **Sector Type:** Miscellaneous Industrial **Source Type:** **Nearest Watercourse:** | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site Name: | Site Address: | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------------|---------------| | 18 | 3 of 3 | SW/189.9 | 344.6 / -6.51| Union Gas Limited | 254 Gosling Gardens (Lot 26) | | | | | | Guelph ON | | **Contaminant Code:** 35 **Contaminant Name:** NATURAL GAS (METHANE) **Contaminant Limit 1:** **Contam Limit Freq 1:** **Contaminant UN No 1:** **Contaminant Qty:** 0 other - see incident description **Environment Impact:** **Nature of Impact:** **Receiving Medium:** **Receiving Env:** Air **Health/Env Conseq:** **MOE Response:** No **Dt MOE Arvl on Scn:** **MOE Reported Dt:** 2016/03/10 **Dt Document Closed:** 2016/08/16 **Agency Involved:** **SAC Action Class:** TSSA - Fuel Safety Branch - Hydrocarbon Fuel Release/Spill **Incident Reason:** Operator/Human Error **Incident Summary:** TSSA: 1 1/4" line strike - made safe- --- | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site Name: | Site Address: | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------------|---------------| | 19 | 1 of 1 | NNW/192.8 | 343.0 / -8.07| lot 11 con 8 | Guelph ON | **Well ID:** 7118150 **Construction Date:** **Primary Water Use:** Not Used **Sec. Water Use:** **Final Well Status:** Abandoned-Other **Water Type:** **Casing Material:** **Audit No:** Z90642 **Tag:** **Data Entry Status:** **Data Src:** **Date Received:** 1/15/2009 **Selected Flag:** Yes **Abandonment Rec:** Yes **Contractor:** 7385 **Form Version:** 7 **Owner:** **Street Name:** GORDON STREET | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |-------------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|-------------------------------------------|----| | Construction Method: | | | | County: WELLINGTON | | | Elevation (m): | | | | Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP | | | Elevation Reliability: | | | | Site Info: | | | Depth to Bedrock: | | | | Lot: 011 | | | Well Depth: | | | | Concession: 08 | | | Overburden/Bedrock: | | | | Concession Name: CON | | | Pump Rate: | | | | Easting NAD83: | | | Static Water Level: | | | | Northing NAD83: | | | Flowing (Y/N): | | | | Zone: | | | Flow Rate: | | | | UTM Reliability: | | | Clear/Cloudy: | | | | | | **Bore Hole Information** - Bore Hole ID: 1001957861 - DP2BR: - Spatial Status: - Code OB: - Code OB Desc: - Open Hole: - Cluster Kind: - Date Completed: 16-DEC-08 - Remarks: - Elevrc Desc: - Location Source Date: - Improvement Location Source: - Improvement Location Method: - Source Revision Comment: - Supplier Comment: **Annular Space/Abandonment** **Sealing Record** - Plug ID: 1002004268 - Layer: 1 - Plug From: 157 - Plug To: 140 - Plug Depth UOM: ft **Annular Space/Abandonment** **Sealing Record** - Plug ID: 1002004270 - Layer: 3 - Plug From: 7 - Plug To: 0 - Plug Depth UOM: ft **Annular Space/Abandonment** **Sealing Record** - Plug ID: 1002004269 - Layer: 2 - Plug From: 140 - Plug To: 7 - Plug Depth UOM: ft **Method of Construction & Well Use** - Method Construction ID: 1002004275 - Method Construction Code: ### Method Construction: - **Other Method Construction:** #### Pipe Information - **Pipe ID:** 1002004265 - **Casing No:** 0 - **Comment:** - **Alt Name:** #### Construction Record - Casing - **Casing ID:** 1002004272 - **Layer:** - **Material:** - **Open Hole or Material:** - **Depth From:** - **Depth To:** - **Casing Diameter:** - **Casing Diameter UOM:** inch - **Casing Depth UOM:** ft #### Construction Record - Screen - **Screen ID:** 1002004273 - **Layer:** - **Slot:** - **Screen Top Depth:** - **Screen End Depth:** - **Screen Material:** - **Screen Depth UOM:** ft - **Screen Diameter UOM:** inch - **Screen Diameter:** #### Water Details - **Water ID:** 1002004271 - **Layer:** - **Kind Code:** - **Kind:** - **Water Found Depth:** - **Water Found Depth UOM:** ft #### Hole Diameter - **Hole ID:** 1002004267 - **Diameter:** - **Depth From:** - **Depth To:** - **Hole Depth UOM:** ft - **Hole Diameter UOM:** inch | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|-------------------|------------------------|--------------|------|----| | 20 | 1 of 1 | WNW/195.0 | 339.9 / -11.17 | 1839 Gordon St Guelph ON N1L1G7 | EHS | - **Order No:** 20160418172 - **Status:** C - **Report Type:** Custom Report - **Report Date:** 20-APR-16 - **Date Received:** 18-APR-16 - **Previous Site Name:** - **Nearest Intersection:** - **Municipality:** - **Client Prov/State:** ON - **Search Radius (km):** .25 - **X:** -80.189157 - **Y:** 43.498904 | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | 21 | 1 of 2 | WNW/198.0 | 339.5 / -11.57 | Gordon Street and Clair Road West Guelph ON | EHS | | | | | | Order No: 20180601198 | Nearest Intersection: | | | | | | Status: C | Municipality: | | | | | | Report Type: Custom Report | Client Prov/State: ON | | | | | | Report Date: 08-JUN-18 | Search Radius (km): .25 | | | | | | Date Received: 01-JUN-18 | X: -80.1892 | | | | | | Previous Site Name: | Y: 43.498895 | | | | | | Lot/Building Size: | | | | | | | Additional Info Ordered: Fire Insur. Maps and/or Site Plans; Aerial Photos | | | 21 | 2 of 2 | WNW/198.0 | 339.5 / -11.57 | Gordon Street and Clair Road West Guelph ON | EHS | | | | | | Order No: 20180601198 | Nearest Intersection: | | | | | | Status: C | Municipality: | | | | | | Report Type: Custom Report | Client Prov/State: ON | | | | | | Report Date: 08-JUN-18 | Search Radius (km): .25 | | | | | | Date Received: 01-JUN-18 | X: -80.1892 | | | | | | Previous Site Name: | Y: 43.498895 | | | | | | Lot/Building Size: | | | | | | | Additional Info Ordered: Fire Insur. Maps and/or Site Plans; Aerial Photos | | | 22 | 1 of 1 | SW/210.1 | 345.6 / -5.46 | Guelph ON | WWIS | | | | | | Well ID: 7231333 | Data Entry Status: | | | | | | Construction Date: | Data Src. | | | | | | Primary Water Use: Monitoring | Date Received: 11/10/2014 | | | | | | Sec. Water Use: | Selected Flag: Yes | | | | | | Final Well Status: Observation Wells | Abandonment Rec: | | | | | | Water Type: | Contractor: 7238 | | | | | | Casing Material: | Form Version: 7 | | | | | | Audit No: Z193946 | Owner: | | | | | | Tag: A169914 | Street Name: 1897 GORDON STREET | | | | | | Construction Method: | County: WELLINGTON | | | | | | Elevation (m): | Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP | | | | | | Elevation Reliability: | Site Info: | | | | | | Depth to Bedrock: | Lot: | | | | | | Well Depth: | Concession: | | | | | | Overburden/Bedrock: | Concession Name: | | | | | | Pump Rate: | Easting NAD83: | | | | | | Static Water Level: | Northing NAD83: | | | | | | Flowing (Y/N): | Zone: | | | | | | Flow Rate: | UTM Reliability: | | | | | | Clear/Cloudy: | | | | | | | **Bore Hole Information** | | | | | | | Bore Hole ID: 1005211867 | Elevation: 345.31 | | | | | | DP2BR: | Elevrc: | | | | | | Spatial Status: | Zone: 17 | | | | | | Code OB: | East83: 565572 | | | | | | Code OB Desc: | Org CS: UTM83 | | | | | | Open Hole: | North83: 4816351 | | | | | | Cluster Kind: | UTMRC: 4 | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | | | | | | | **Date Completed:** 03-OCT-14 **Remarks:** **Elevrc Desc:** **Location Source Date:** **Improvement Location Source:** **Improvement Location Method:** **Source Revision Comment:** **Supplier Comment:** **UTMRC Desc:** margin of error : 30 m - 100 m **Location Method:** wwr ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval **Formation ID:** 1005286210 **Layer:** 1 **Color:** 6 **General Color:** BROWN **Mat1:** 02 **Most Common Material:** TOPSOIL **Mat2:** 85 **Other Materials:** SOFT **Mat3:** **Other Materials:** **Formation Top Depth:** 0 **Formation End Depth:** 3 **Formation End Depth UOM:** ft ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval **Formation ID:** 1005286211 **Layer:** 2 **Color:** 6 **General Color:** BROWN **Mat1:** 28 **Most Common Material:** SAND **Mat2:** 11 **Other Materials:** GRAVEL **Mat3:** 77 **Other Materials:** LOOSE **Formation Top Depth:** 3 **Formation End Depth:** 15 **Formation End Depth UOM:** ft ### Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record **Plug ID:** 1005286218 **Layer:** 1 **Plug From:** 0 **Plug To:** 5 **Plug Depth UOM:** ft ### Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record **Plug ID:** 1005286219 **Layer:** 2 **Plug From:** 5 **Plug To:** 15 **Plug Depth UOM:** ft ### Method of Construction & Well | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | | | | | | | **Use** - **Method Construction ID:** 1005286217 - **Method Construction Code:** B - **Method Construction:** Other Method - **Other Method Construction:** **Pipe Information** - **Pipe ID:** 1005286209 - **Casing No:** 0 - **Comment:** - **Alt Name:** **Construction Record - Casing** - **Casing ID:** 1005286214 - **Layer:** 1 - **Material:** 5 - **Open Hole or Material:** PLASTIC - **Depth From:** 0 - **Depth To:** 5 - **Casing Diameter:** 2 - **Casing Diameter UOM:** inch - **Casing Depth UOM:** ft **Construction Record - Screen** - **Screen ID:** 1005286215 - **Layer:** 1 - **Slot:** 10 - **Screen Top Depth:** 5 - **Screen End Depth:** 15 - **Screen Material:** 5 - **Screen Depth UOM:** ft - **Screen Diameter UOM:** inch - **Screen Diameter:** 2.5 **Water Details** - **Water ID:** 1005286213 - **Layer:** - **Kind Code:** - **Kind:** - **Water Found Depth:** - **Water Found Depth UOM:** ft **Hole Diameter** - **Hole ID:** 1005286212 - **Diameter:** 8 - **Depth From:** 0 - **Depth To:** 15 - **Hole Depth UOM:** ft - **Hole Diameter UOM:** inch --- 23 1 of 1 ESE/221.4 350.0 / -1.10 lot 12 con 8 ON WWIS Well ID: 6702639 Data Entry Status: Data Src: 1 Order No: 20190109082 | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|-------------------------------------------|----| | Primary Water Use: | Livestock | | | Date Received: 1/17/1951 | | | Sec. Water Use: | Domestic | | | Selected Flag: Yes | | | Final Well Status: | Water Supply | | | Abandonment Rec: | | | Water Type: | | | | Contractor: 2414 | | | Casing Material: | | | | Form Version: 1 | | | Audit No: | | | | Owner: | | | Tag: | | | | Street Name: | | | Construction Method: | | | | County: WELLINGTON | | | Elevation (m): | | | | Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP | | | Elevation Reliability: | | | | Site Info: | | | Depth to Bedrock: | | | | Lot: 012 | | | Well Depth: | | | | Concession: 08 | | | Overburden/Bedrock: | | | | Concession Name: CON | | | Pump Rate: | | | | Easting NAD83: | | | Static Water Level: | | | | Northing NAD83: | | | Flowing (Y/N): | | | | Zone: | | | Flow Rate: | | | | UTM Reliability: | | | Clear/Cloudy: | | | | | | **Bore Hole Information** - **Bore Hole ID:** 10466782 - **DP2BR:** 108 - **Spatial Status:** r - **Code OB:** Bedrock - **Open Hole:** - **Cluster Kind:** - **Date Completed:** 15-DEC-50 - **Remarks:** - **Elevrc Desc:** - **Location Source Date:** - **Improvement Location Source:** - **Improvement Location Method:** - **Source Revision Comment:** - **Supplier Comment:** **Elevation:** 350.4 - **Elevrc:** - **Zone:** 17 - **East83:** 565953.3 - **Org CS:** - **North83:** 4816424 - **UTMRC:** 9 - **UTMRC Desc:** unknown UTM - **Location Method:** p9 **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** - **Formation ID:** 932614690 - **Layer:** 1 - **Color:** - **General Color:** - **Mat1:** 23 - **Most Common Material:** PREVIOUSLY DUG - **Mat2:** - **Other Materials:** - **Mat3:** - **Formation Top Depth:** 0 - **Formation End Depth:** 15 - **Formation End Depth UOM:** ft **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** - **Formation ID:** 932614692 - **Layer:** 3 - **Color:** - **General Color:** - **Mat1:** 05 - **Most Common Material:** CLAY | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------| | Mat2: | | 09 | | | | Other Materials: | MEDIUM SAND | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | 35 | | | | | Formation End Depth: | 108 | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | | | | **Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval** | Formation ID: | 932614691 | | Layer: | 2 | | Color: | 6 | | General Color: | BROWN | | Mat1: | 05 | | Most Common Material: | CLAY | | Mat2: | 13 | | Other Materials: | BOULDERS | | Mat3: | | | Other Materials: | | | Formation Top Depth: | 15 | | Formation End Depth: | 35 | | Formation End Depth UOM: | ft | **Method of Construction & Well Use** | Method Construction ID: | 966702639 | | Method Construction Code: | 1 | | Method Construction: | Cable Tool | | Other Method Construction: | | **Pipe Information** | Pipe ID: | 11015352 | | Casing No: | 1 | | Comment: | | | Alt Name: | | **Construction Record - Casing** | Casing ID: | 930759158 | | Layer: | 2 | | Material: | 4 | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------| | Open Hole or Material: | OPEN HOLE | 130 | ft | | | Depth From: | | | | | | Depth To: | | | | | | Casing Diameter: | 6 | inch | | | | Casing Diameter UOM: | | | | | | Casing Depth UOM: | | | | | **Construction Record - Casing** | Casing ID: | 930759157 | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | Material: | 1 | | | | | Open Hole or Material: | STEEL | | | | | Depth From: | | | | | | Depth To: | 108 | | | | | Casing Diameter: | 6 | inch | | | | Casing Diameter UOM: | | | | | | Casing Depth UOM: | | | | | **Results of Well Yield Testing** | Pump Test ID: | 996702639 | | | | | Pump Set At: | | | | | | Static Level: | 70 | | | | | Final Level After Pumping: | 100 | | | | | Recommended Pump Depth: | | | | | | Pumping Rate: | 15 | | | | | Flowing Rate: | | | | | | Recommended Pump Rate: | 15 | | | | | Levels UOM: | ft | | | | | Rate UOM: | GPM | | | | | Water State After Test Code: | 1 | | | | | Water State After Test: | CLEAR | | | | | Pumping Test Method: | 1 | | | | | Pumping Duration HR: | 3 | | | | | Pumping Duration MIN: | 0 | | | | | Flowing: | N | | | | **Water Details** | Water ID: | 933954984 | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | Kind Code: | 1 | | | | | Kind: | FRESH | | | | | Water Found Depth: | 128 | ft | | | | Water Found Depth UOM: | | | | | | 24 | 1 of 5 | ENE/232.1 | 349.2 / -1.86 | 1858 Gordon St Guelph ON N1L1G6 | | Order No: | 20140922022 | Nearest Intersection: | | | | Status: | C | Municipality: | | | | Report Type: | Standard Report | Client Prov/State: | ON | | | Report Date: | 26-SEP-14 | Search Radius (km): | 25 | | | Date Received: | 22-SEP-14 | X: | -80.185828 | | | Previous Site Name: | | Y: | 43.498817 | | | Lot/Building Size: | | | | | | Additional Info Ordered: | City Directory | | | | | 24 | 2 of 5 | ENE/232.1 | 349.2 / -1.86 | COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | | | ENE/232.1 | 349.2 / -1.86| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY 1858 GORDON ST GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 | PES | **Licence No:** 09570 **Detail Licence No:** 23-01-09570-0 **Licence Type Code:** 23 **Licence Type:** Limited Vendor **Licence Class:** 01 **Licence Control:** 0 **Trade Name:** **Post Office Box:** **Lot:** **Concession:** **Region:** 2 **District:** 2 **County:** 67 **Operator Box:** **Operator Class:** **Operator No:** **Operator Type:** **Operator Lot:** **Oper Concession:** **Operator Region:** 2 **Operator District:** 2 **Operator County:** 67 **Oper Phone Area Cd:** **Ext:** **Oper Phone No:** **Proponent Ext:** --- | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | | | ENE/232.1 | 349.2 / -1.86| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY 1858 GORDON ST GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 | PES | **Licence No:** **Detail Licence No:** **Licence Type Code:** 23 **Licence Type:** Limited Vendor **Licence Class:** **Licence Control:** **Trade Name:** **Post Office Box:** **Lot:** **Concession:** **Region:** **District:** **County:** **Operator Box:** **Operator Class:** **Operator No:** **Operator Type:** **Operator Lot:** **Oper Concession:** **Operator Region:** **Operator District:** **Operator County:** **Oper Phone Area Cd:** **Ext:** **Oper Phone No:** **Proponent Ext:** --- | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | | | ENE/232.1 | 349.2 / -1.86| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY 1858 GORDON ST GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 | PES | **Licence No:** **Detail Licence No:** **Licence Type Code:** **Licence Type:** Vendor **Licence Class:** **Licence Control:** **Trade Name:** **Post Office Box:** **Lot:** **Concession:** **Region:** **District:** **County:** **Operator Box:** **Operator Class:** **Operator No:** **Operator Type:** **Operator Lot:** **Oper Concession:** **Operator Region:** **Operator District:** **Operator County:** **Oper Phone Area Cd:** **Ext:** **Oper Phone No:** **Proponent Ext:** --- | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | | | ENE/232.1 | 349.2 / -1.86| COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY 1858 GORDON ST GUELPH ON N1L 1G6 | PES | **Licence No:** 17839 **Operator Box:** | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------| | Detail Licence No: | 23 | NW/232.7 | 339.8 / -11.31 | Guelph ON | | Licence Type Code: | Active Limited Vendors | | | | | Licence Class: | 01 | | | | | Licence Control: | | | | | | Trade Name: | | | | | | Post Office Box: | | | | | | Lot: | | | | | | Concession: | | | | | | Region: | | | | | | District: | | | | | | County: | | | | | Well ID: 7285955 Construction Date: Primary Water Use: Domestic Sec. Water Use: Final Well Status: Abandoned-Other Water Type: Casing Material: Audit No: Z251731 Tag: A157683 Construction Method: Elevation (m): Elevation Reliability: Depth to Bedrock: Well Depth: Overburden/Bedrock: Pump Rate: Static Water Level: Flowing (Y/N): Flow Rate: Clear/Cloudy: Data Entry Status: Data Src: Date Received: 5/8/2017 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Yes Contractor: 7385 Form Version: 7 Owner: Street Name: 1819 GORDON ST County: WELLINGTON Municipality: GUELPH CITY Site Info: Lot: Concession: Concession Name: Easting NAD83: Northing NAD83: Zone: UTM Reliability: Bore Hole Information Bore Hole ID: 1006421653 DP28R: Spatial Status: Code OB: Code OB Desc: Open Hole: Cluster Kind: Date Completed: 18-APR-17 Remarks: Elevrc Desc: Location Source Date: Improvement Location Source: Improvement Location Method: Source Revision Comment: Supplier Comment: Elevation: 340.78 Elevrc: Zone: 17 East83: 565573 Org CS: UTM83 North83: 4816642 UTMRC: 4 UTMRC Desc: margin of error : 30 m - 100 m Location Method: wwr Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval Formation ID: 1006653427 Layer: Color: General Color: | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------|----| | Mat1: | | | | | | | Most Common Material: | | | | | | | Mat2: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Mat3: | | | | | | | Other Materials: | | | | | | | Formation Top Depth: | | | | | | | Formation End Depth: | | | | | | | Formation End Depth UOM: | | | | | ft | **Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record** - **Plug ID:** 1006653435 - **Layer:** 2 - **Plug From:** 5 - **Plug To:** 120 - **Plug Depth UOM:** ft **Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record** - **Plug ID:** 1006653436 - **Layer:** 3 - **Plug From:** 120 - **Plug To:** 140 - **Plug Depth UOM:** ft **Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record** - **Plug ID:** 1006653434 - **Layer:** 1 - **Plug From:** 0 - **Plug To:** 5 - **Plug Depth UOM:** ft **Method of Construction & Well Use** - **Method Construction ID:** 1006653433 - **Method Construction Code:** - **Method Construction:** - **Other Method Construction:** **Pipe Information** - **Pipe ID:** 1006653426 - **Casing No:** 0 - **Comment:** - **Alt Name:** **Construction Record - Casing** - **Casing ID:** 1006653430 - **Layer:** - **Material:** - **Open Hole or Material:** - **Depth From:** - **Depth To:** - **Casing Diameter:** | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|------| | 26 | 1 of 1 | NW/236.9 | 339.8 / -11.31 | 3.2 ha Property Guelph ON | | | | | | EHS | Order No: 20100630002 Status: C Report Type: Standard Report Report Date: 7/5/2010 Date Received: 6/30/2010 Previous Site Name: Lot/Building Size: 3.2 ha Property Additional Info Ordered: | 27 | 1 of 1 | NW/239.6 | 341.6 / -9.48 | GUELPH ON | |---------|-------------------|-----------------------|--------------|----------| | Well ID: | 7150520 | | | WWIS | | Data Entry Status: | | | | | | Data Src: | | | | | | Date Received: | 8/27/2010 | | | | | Selected Flag: | Yes | | | | | Abandonment Rec: | Yes | | | | | Contractor: | 7190 | | | | | Form Version: | 7 | | | | | Owner: | | | | | | Street Name: | 1820 GORDON ST. | | | | | County: | WELLINGTON | | | | | Municipality: | GUELPH CITY | | | | | Site Info: | | | | | | Lot: | | | | | Well ID: 7150520 Construction Date: Primary Water Use: Sec. Water Use: Final Well Status: Abandoned-Other Water Type: Casing Material: Audit No: Z104039 Tag: Construction Method: Elevation (m): Elevation Reliability: Depth to Bedrock: | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|-------------------------------------------| | Well Depth: | | | | Concession: | | Overburden/Bedrock: | | | | Concession Name: | | Pump Rate: | | | | Easting NAD83: | | Static Water Level: | | | | Northing NAD83: | | Flowing (Y/N): | | | | Zone: | | Flow Rate: | | | | UTM Reliability: | | Clear/Cloudy: | | | | | **Bore Hole Information** - **Bore Hole ID:** 1003315216 - **Elevation:** 342.62 - **DP2BR:** - **Spatial Status:** - **Code OB:** - **Code OB Desc:** - **Open Hole:** - **Cluster Kind:** - **Date Completed:** 22-JUN-10 - **Remarks:** - **Elevrc Desc:** - **Location Source Date:** - **Improvement Location Source:** - **Improvement Location Method:** - **Source Revision Comment:** - **Supplier Comment:** - **Elevrc:** - **Zone:** - **East83:** 565600 - **Org CS:** UTM83 - **North83:** 4816674 - **UTMRC:** 4 - **UTMRC Desc:** margin of error : 30 m - 100 m - **Location Method:** wwr **Method of Construction & Well Use** - **Method Construction ID:** 1003334383 - **Method Construction Code:** - **Method Construction:** - **Other Method Construction:** **Pipe Information** - **Pipe ID:** 1003334376 - **Casing No:** 0 - **Comment:** - **Alt Name:** **Construction Record - Casing** - **Casing ID:** 1003334381 - **Layer:** 1 - **Material:** 5 - **Open Hole or Material:** PLASTIC - **Depth From:** 0 - **Depth To:** 30 - **Casing Diameter:** 2 - **Casing Diameter UOM:** inch - **Casing Depth UOM:** ft **Construction Record - Screen** - **Screen ID:** 1003334382 - **Layer:** 1 - **Slot:** - **Screen Top Depth:** 30 - **Screen End Depth:** 35 - **Screen Material:** 5 - **Screen Depth UOM:** ft | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | DB | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|-----------------------|----| | Screen Diameter UOM: | inch | 2 | | | | | Screen Diameter: | | | | | | **Water Details** - **Water ID:** 1003334380 - **Layer:** - **Kind Code:** - **Kind:** - **Water Found Depth:** - **Water Found Depth UOM:** ft **Hole Diameter** - **Hole ID:** 1003334378 - **Diameter:** - **Depth From:** 0 - **Depth To:** 6 - **Hole Depth UOM:** ft - **Hole Diameter UOM:** inch --- **Well ID:** 6710049 **Construction Date:** **Primary Water Use:** Domestic **Sec. Water Use:** 0 **Final Well Status:** Water Supply **Water Type:** **Casing Material:** **Audit No:** 61169 **Tag:** **Construction Method:** **Elevation (m):** **Elevation Reliability:** **Depth to Bedrock:** **Well Depth:** **Overburden/Bedrock:** **Pump Rate:** **Static Water Level:** **Flowing (Y/N):** **Flow Rate:** **Clear/Cloudy:** **Data Entry Status:** **Data Src:** 1 **Date Received:** 11/30/1989 **Selected Flag:** Yes **Abandonment Rec:** **Contractor:** 4552 **Form Version:** 1 **Owner:** **Street Name:** **County:** WELLINGTON **Municipality:** PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP **Site Info:** **Lot:** 001 **Concession:** 07 **Concession Name:** CON **Eastling NAD83:** **Northing NAD83:** **Zone:** **UTM Reliability:** **Bore Hole Information** - **Bore Hole ID:** 10473896 - **DP2BR:** 128 - **Spatial Status:** - **Code OB:** r - **Code OB Desc:** Bedrock - **Open Hole:** - **Cluster Kind:** - **Date Completed:** 21-OCT-89 - **Remarks:** - **Elevrc Desc:** - **Location Source Date:** - **Improvement Location Source:** - **Improvement Location Method:** - **Source Revision Comment:** - **Supplier Comment:** **Elevation:** 350.4 **Elevrc:** **Zone:** 17 **East83:** 565959.3 **Org CS:** **North83:** 4816367 **UTMRC:** 3 **UTMRC Desc:** margin of error : 10 - 30 m **Location Method:** gps ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval | Formation ID | 932646170 | |--------------|-----------| | Layer | 1 | | Color | 6 | | General Color| BROWN | | Mat1 | 31 | | Most Common Material | COARSE GRAVEL | | Mat2 | | | Other Materials | | | Mat3 | | | Other Materials | | | Formation Top Depth | 0 | | Formation End Depth | 20 | | Formation End Depth UOM | ft | ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval | Formation ID | 932646172 | |--------------|-----------| | Layer | 3 | | Color | 6 | | General Color| BROWN | | Mat1 | 15 | | Most Common Material | LIMESTONE | | Mat2 | | | Other Materials | | | Mat3 | | | Other Materials | | | Formation Top Depth | 128 | | Formation End Depth | 145 | | Formation End Depth UOM | ft | ### Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval | Formation ID | 932646171 | |--------------|-----------| | Layer | 2 | | Color | 6 | | General Color| BROWN | | Mat1 | 11 | | Most Common Material | GRAVEL | | Mat2 | 05 | | Other Materials | CLAY | | Mat3 | | | Other Materials | | | Formation Top Depth | 20 | | Formation End Depth | 128 | | Formation End Depth UOM | ft | ### Method of Construction & Well Use | Method Construction ID | 966710049 | |------------------------|-----------| | Method Construction Code | 4 | | Method Construction | Rotary (Air) | | Other Method Construction | | ### Pipe Information | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|------| | Pipe ID: | 11022466 | | | | | Casing No: | 1 | | | | | Comment: | | | | | | Alt Name: | | | | | **Construction Record - Casing** | Casing ID: | 930771596 | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | Material: | 1 | | | | | Open Hole or Material: | STEEL | | | | | Depth From: | | | | | | Depth To: | 128 | | | | | Casing Diameter: | 6 | | | | | Casing Diameter UOM: | inch | | | | | Casing Depth UOM: | ft | | | | **Results of Well Yield Testing** | Pump Test ID: | 996710049 | | | | | Pump Set At: | | | | | | Static Level: | 70 | | | | | Final Level After Pumping: | 80 | | | | | Recommended Pump Depth: | 120 | | | | | Pumping Rate: | 12 | | | | | Flowing Rate: | | | | | | Recommended Pump Rate: | | | | | | Levels UOM: | ft | | | | | Rate UOM: | GPM | | | | | Water State After Test Code: | 1 | | | | | Water State After Test: | CLEAR | | | | | Pumping Test Method: | 1 | | | | | Pumping Duration HR: | 1 | | | | | Pumping Duration MIN: | 15 | | | | | Flowing: | N | | | | **Draw Down & Recovery** | Pump Test Detail ID: | 935131156 | | | | | Test Type: | | | | | | Test Duration: | 60 | | | | | Test Level: | 80 | | | | | Test Level UOM: | ft | | | | **Draw Down & Recovery** | Pump Test Detail ID: | 934871176 | | | | | Test Type: | | | | | | Test Duration: | 45 | | | | | Test Level: | 80 | | | | | Test Level UOM: | ft | | | | **Draw Down & Recovery** | Pump Test Detail ID: | 934344831 | | | | | Test Type: | | | | | | Test Duration: | 15 | | | | | Test Level: | 80 | | | | | Test Level UOM: | ft | | | | | Map Key | Number of Records | Direction/Distance (m) | Elev/Diff (m) | Site | |------------------|-------------------|------------------------|---------------|------| | Pump Test Detail ID: | 934618900 | | | | | Test Type: | | | | | | Test Duration: | 30 | | | | | Test Level: | 75 | | | | | Test Level UOM: | ft | | | | **Water Details** | Water ID: | 933963587 | | | | | Layer: | 2 | | | | | Kind Code: | 3 | | | | | Kind: | SULPHUR | | | | | Water Found Depth: | 143 | | | | | Water Found Depth UOM: | ft | | | | **Water Details** | Water ID: | 933963586 | | | | | Layer: | 1 | | | | | Kind Code: | 1 | | | | | Kind: | FRESH | | | | | Water Found Depth: | 142 | | | | | Water Found Depth UOM: | ft | | | | | DB | Company Name/Site Name | Address | City | Postal | |----|------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------|----------| | CA | B.J. POULTON | EASEMENT N. OF CLAIR RD. | GUELPH CITY ON | | | CA | CITY | GORDON ST. | GUELPH CITY ON | | | CA | CITY | GORDON ST. | GUELPH CITY ON | | | CA | GUELPH CITY | GORDON STREET | GUELPH CITY ON | | | CA | GUELPH CITY | GORDON ST., PINERIDGE SUBD. | GUELPH CITY ON | | | CA | The Corporation of the City of Guelph | Gordon St (from Clair Avenue to approximately 350 metres south of Clair Avenue) | Guelph ON | | | CA | UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH | GORDON ST. | GUELPH CITY ON | | | CA | UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH | GORDON STREET | GUELPH CITY ON | | | CA | UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH | 8ORDON ST., ROOM #350 | 1081PH CITY ON | | | CA | UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH | GORDON ST. | GUELPH CITY ON | | | CA | UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH | GORDON STREET | GUELPH CITY ON | | | CA | UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH - NEW LAB.BLDG. | GORDON ST., NOT. DT. 29-4-92 | GUELPH CITY ON | | | CA | University of Guelph | McNaughton Building No. 73, Gordon Street | Guelph ON | | | CA | University of Guelph | MacNaughton Building No. 73, Gordon Street | Guelph ON | | | CA | Bishop MacDonell School and Recreation Center | Poppy Drive | Guelph ON | | | CA | Bishop MacDonell School and Recreation Center | Poppy Drive | Guelph ON | | | CA | The Corporation of the City of Guelph | Clair Road | Guelph ON | | | ECA| The Corporation of the Township of Centre Wellington | Lot 11, Concession 7, and Lot 10, Concession 8, geographic township of Garafaxa | Centre Wellington ON | N0B 1S0 | | GEN | Holcim (Canada) Inc. | RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 | GUELPH ON | N1H 6H9 | |-----|----------------------|---------------------|-----------|---------| | GEN | Holcim (Canada) Inc. | RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 | GUELPH ON | N1H 6H9 | | GEN | Holcim (Canada) Inc. | RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 | GUELPH ON | | | GEN | Holcim (Canada) Inc. | RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 | GUELPH ON | | | GEN | UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH | GORDON STREET | GUELPH ON | | | GEN | Holcim (Canada) Inc. | RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 | GUELPH ON | | | GEN | GUELPH, CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF | GORDON STREET RECYCLING DEPOT SOUTH OF WELLINGTON STREET, GORDON ST. | GUELPH ON | | | GEN | GUELPH, CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF | GORDON STREET RECYCLING DEPOT SOUTH OF WELLINGTON STREET | GUELPH ON | | | NPCB | ONTARIO HYDRO | CAMPBELL T.S.; RP511, LOT 11 | GUELPH ON | | | PES | COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY | R.R. #3 | GUELPH ON | N1H 6H9 | | SPL | TRANSPORT TRUCK | SHELL SERVICE STATION COUNTY RD. #46 NORTH OF THE 401 MOTOR VEHICLE (OPERATING FLUID) | PUSLINCH TWP. ON | | | SPL | Badger Daylighting Inc. | Clair Road GUELPH WATER TOWER<UNOFFICIAL> | Guelph ON | | | SPL | UNKNOWN | NORTH HALF LOT 11 CON.7 OLD WEST GARY TWNSP. | CENTRE WELLINGTON TOWNSHIP ON | | | SPL | | Gordon St, Waterloo and Yorkshire | Guelph ON | | | WWIS | | lot 11 con 8 | ON | | | Site: | B.J. POULTON EASEMENT N. OF CLAIR RD. GUELPH CITY ON | |-------|-----------------------------------------------------| | Certificate #: | 3-1258-86- | | Application Year: | 86 | | Issue Date: | 9/16/1986 | | Approval Type: | Municipal sewage | | Status: | Approved | | Application Type: | | | Client Name: | | | Client Address: | | | Client City: | | | Client Postal Code: | | | Project Description: | | | Contaminants: | | | Emission Control: | | | Site: | CITY GORDON ST. GUELPH CITY ON | |-------|---------------------------------| | Certificate #: | 3-0004-85-006 | | Application Year: | 85 | | Issue Date: | 7/24/85 | | Approval Type: | Municipal sewage | | Status: | Approved | | Application Type: | | | Client Name: | | | Client Address: | | | Client City: | | | Client Postal Code: | | | Project Description: | | | Contaminants: | | | Emission Control: | | | Site: | CITY GORDON ST. GUELPH CITY ON | |-------|---------------------------------| | Certificate #: | 3-0535-85-000 | | Application Year: | 85 | | Issue Date: | 7/19/85 | | Approval Type: | Municipal sewage | | Status: | Application Cancelled | | Application Type: | | | Client Name: | | | Client Address: | | | Client City: | | | Client Postal Code: | | | Project Description: | | | Contaminants: | | | Emission Control: | | | Site: | GUELPH CITY GORDON STREET GUELPH CITY ON | |-------|------------------------------------------| | Certificate #: | 7-1127-86- | | Application Year: | 86 | | Site: | GUELPH CITY | |-------|-------------| | | GORDON ST., PINERIDGE SUBD. GUELPH CITY ON | | Certificate #: | 3-1575-95-006 | | Application Year: | 95 | | Issue Date: | 11/23/95 | | Approval Type: | Municipal sewage | | Status: | Approved | | Site: | The Corporation of the City of Guelph | |-------|-------------------------------------| | | Gordon St (from Clair Avenue to approximately 350 metres south of Clair Avenue) Guelph ON | | Certificate #: | 2238-7UFKWY | | Application Year: | 2009 | | Issue Date: | 8/4/2009 | | Approval Type: | Municipal and Private Sewage Works | | Status: | Approved | | Site: | UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH | |-------|----------------------| | | GORDON ST. GUELPH CITY ON | | Certificate #: | 8-2002-95- | | Application Year: | 95 | | Issue Date: | 3/31/1995 | | Approval Type: | Industrial air | | Status: | Approved | | Project Description: | FUMEHOOD FOR RESEARCH ON CHEMICALS | | Contaminants: | Phenol, Chloroform, Methylene Chloride, Acetic Acid, Hydrogen Chloride, Methyl Alcohol, Mercaptoethanol, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Formamide | | Emission Control: | No Controls | Site: UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH GORDON STREET GUELPH CITY ON Certificate #: 8-2243-92- Application Year: 92 Issue Date: 11/26/1992 Approval Type: Industrial air Status: Approved Application Type: Client Name: Client Address: Client City: Client Postal Code: Project Description: NEW CHEM. FUMEHOOD NO. FH-112 IN RM. 318 Contaminants: Phenol, Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate, Methyl Alcohol, Acetone, Toluene(Pentyl Methane)(Methyl Benzene) Emission Control: No Controls Site: UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH 8ORDON ST., ROOM #350 1081PH CITY ON Certificate #: 8-2224-93- Application Year: 93 Issue Date: 11/8/1993 Approval Type: Industrial air Status: Approved Application Type: Client Name: Client Address: Client City: Client Postal Code: Project Description: EXHAUST FAN/STACK FOR RESEARCH LAB. Contaminants: Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, Methylene Chloride, Ethyl Ether, Tetrahydrofuran, Pentane, Methyl Alcohol, Chloroform, Carbon Tetrachloride, Ethyl Alcohol, Denat,D Emission Control: Site: UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH GORDON ST. GUELPH CITY ON Certificate #: 3-0825-89- Application Year: 89 Issue Date: 8/10/1989 Approval Type: Municipal sewage Status: Approved Application Type: Client Name: Client Address: Client City: Client Postal Code: Project Description: Contaminants: Emission Control: Site: UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH GORDON STREET GUELPH CITY ON Certificate #: 8-2236-94- Application Year: 94 Issue Date: 1/26/1995 Approval Type: Industrial air Status: Cancelled Application Type: Client Name: Client Address: Client City: | Site: | UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH - NEW LAB.BLDG. | |-------|-------------------------------------| | | GORDON ST., NOT. DT. 29-4-92 GUELPH CITY ON | | Certificate #: | 8-2165-90- | | Application Year: | 90 | | Issue Date: | 3/13/1991 | | Approval Type: | Industrial air | | Status: | Approved in 1991 | | Client Name: | | Client Address: | | Client City: | | Client Postal Code: | | Project Description: | LAB EXHAUST | | Contaminants: | Nitriroltriacetic Acid, Sulphuric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide, Phenol, Methylene Chloride, Methyl Alcohol, Hexane, Hydrogen Chloride, Hydrogen Peroxide, Acetic Acid | | Emission Control: | No Controls | | Site: | University of Guelph | |-------|----------------------| | | McNaughton Building No. 73, Gordon Street Guelph ON | | Certificate #: | 6031-5FERNG | | Application Year: | 2002 | | Issue Date: | 11/14/2002 | | Approval Type: | Air | | Status: | Revoked and/or Replaced | | Client Name: | | Client Address: | | Client City: | | Client Postal Code: | | Project Description: | | Contaminants: | | Emission Control: | | Site: | University of Guelph | |-------|----------------------| | | MacNaughton Building No. 73, Gordon Street Guelph ON | | Certificate #: | 3890-635JDS | | Application Year: | 2004 | | Issue Date: | 9/20/2004 | | Approval Type: | Air | | Status: | Approved | | Client Name: | | Client Address: | | Client City: | | Client Postal Code: | | Project Description: | | Contaminants: | | Emission Control: | | Site: | Bishop MacDonell School and Recreation Center | |-------|-----------------------------------------------| | | Poppy Drive Guelph ON | | Certificate #: | 7-0415-97-006 | | Application Year: | 02 | | Issue Date: | 6/28/02 | | Approval Type: | Municipal & Private water | | Site: | Bishop MacDonell School and Recreation Center | |-------|---------------------------------------------| | Poppy Drive | Guelph ON | | Certificate #: | 3-0544-97-006 | | Application Year: | 02 | | Issue Date: | 6/28/02 | | Approval Type: | Municipal & Private sewage | | Status: | Approved | | Application Type: | Notice | | Client Name: | The Corporation of the City of Guelph | | Client Address: | 59 Carden Street | | Client City: | Guelph | | Client Postal Code: | N1H 3A1 | | Project Description: | Construction of sanitary sewers on Poppy Drive | | Site: | The Corporation of the City of Guelph | |-------|-------------------------------------| | Clair Road | Guelph ON | | Certificate #: | 1704-677RAV | | Application Year: | 2004 | | Issue Date: | 12/17/2004 | | Approval Type: | Municipal and Private Sewage Works | | Status: | Approved | | Site: | The Corporation of the Township of Centre Wellington | |-------|---------------------------------------------------| | Lot 11, Concession 7, and Lot 10, Concession 8, geographic township of Garafraxa | Centre Wellington ON N0B 1S0 | | Approval No: | 5101-93YPNW | | Approval Date: | 2013-01-17 | | Status: | Approved | | Record Type: | ECA | | Link Source: | IDS | | SWP Area Name: | | | Approval Type: | ECA-MUNICIPAL AND PRIVATE SEWAGE WORKS | | Project Type: | MUNICIPAL AND PRIVATE SEWAGE WORKS | | Address: | Lot 11, Concession 7, and Lot 10, Concession 8, geographic township of Garafraxa | | Full Address: | | | Full PDF Link: | https://www.accessenvironment.ene.gov.on.ca/instruments/0876-8XDJ5Z-14.pdf | | Site: | Holcim (Canada) Inc. | |-------|----------------------| | RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 | GUELPH ON N1H 6H9 | Generator No.: ON0432218 Status: Approval Years: 07,08 Contam. Facility: MHSW Facility: SIC Code: 212323 SIC Description: Sand and Gravel Mining and Quarrying --Details-- Waste Code: 213 Waste Description: PETROLEUM DISTILLATES Waste Code: 252 Waste Description: WASTE OILS & LUBRICANTS Waste Code: 268 Waste Description: AMINES Site: Holcim (Canada) Inc. RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 GUELPH ON N1H 6H9 Database: GEN Generator No.: ON0432218 Status: Approval Years: 2012 Contam. Facility: MHSW Facility: SIC Code: 212323 SIC Description: Sand and Gravel Mining and Quarrying --Details-- Waste Code: 268 Waste Description: AMINES Waste Code: 252 Waste Description: WASTE OILS & LUBRICANTS Waste Code: 213 Waste Description: PETROLEUM DISTILLATES Site: Holcim (Canada) Inc. RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 GUELPH ON Database: GEN Generator No.: ON0432218 Status: Approval Years: 2010 Contam. Facility: MHSW Facility: SIC Code: 212323 SIC Description: Sand and Gravel Mining and Quarrying --Details-- Waste Code: 213 Waste Description: PETROLEUM DISTILLATES Waste Code: 268 Waste Description: AMINES Waste Code: 252 Waste Description: WASTE OILS & LUBRICANTS Site: Holcim (Canada) Inc. RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 GUELPH ON Database: GEN ## UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH **GORDON STREET GUELPH ON** | Generator No.: | ON0179200 | |----------------|-----------| | Status: | | | Approval Years:| 98 | | Contam. Facility: | | | MHSW Facility: | | | SIC Code: | 8531 | | SIC Description: | UNIVERSITY EDUCATION | ### Details | Waste Code: | 112 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | ACID WASTE - HEAVY METALS | | Waste Code: | 114 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | OTHER INORGANIC ACID WASTES | | Waste Code: | 121 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | ALKALINE WASTES - HEAVY METALS | | Waste Code: | 122 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | ALKALINE WASTES - OTHER METALS | | Waste Code: | 131 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | NEUTRALIZED WASTES - HEAVY METALS | | Waste Code: | 145 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | PAINT/PIGMENT/COATING RESIDUES | | Waste Code: | 148 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | INORGANIC LABORATORY CHEMICALS | | Waste Code: | 211 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | AROMATIC SOLVENTS | | Waste Code: | 212 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | ALIPHATIC SOLVENTS | | Waste Code: | 213 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | PETROLEUM DISTILLATES | | Waste Code: | 222 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | HEAVY FUELS | | Waste Code: | 241 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | HALOGENATED SOLVENTS | | Waste Code: | 242 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | | Waste Description: | HALOGENATED PESTICIDES | |-------------------|------------------------| | Waste Code: | 243 | | Waste Description:| PCB'S | | Waste Code: | 251 | | Waste Description:| OIL SKIMMINGS & SLUDGES| | Waste Code: | 252 | | Waste Description:| WASTE OILS & LUBRICANTS| | Waste Code: | 261 | | Waste Description:| PHARMACEUTICALS | | Waste Code: | 263 | | Waste Description:| ORGANIC LABORATORY CHEMICALS | | Waste Code: | 267 | | Waste Description:| ORGANIC ACIDS | | Waste Code: | 269 | | Waste Description:| NON-HALOGENATED PESTICIDES | | Waste Code: | 312 | | Waste Description:| PATHOLOGICAL WASTES | | Waste Code: | 331 | | Waste Description:| WASTE COMPRESSED GASES | **Site:** Holcim (Canada) Inc. **RR #3 COUNTY RD #46 GUELPH ON** **Generator No.:** ON0432218 **Status:** **Approval Years:** 2011 **Contam. Facility:** **MHSW Facility:** **SIC Code:** 212323 **SIC Description:** Sand and Gravel Mining and Quarrying **--Details--** | Waste Code: | 252 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | WASTE OILS & LUBRICANTS | | Waste Code: | 268 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | AMINES | | Waste Code: | 213 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | PETROLEUM DISTILLATES | **Site:** GUELPH, CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF GORDON STREET RECYCLING DEPOT SOUTH OF WELLINGTON STREET, GORDON ST. GUELPH ON **Generator No.:** ON0349004 **Status:** **Approval Years:** 98,99,00,01 **Contam. Facility:** **MHSW Facility:** **SIC Code:** 8373 **SIC Description:** ENVIRON. ADMIN. **--Details--** | Waste Code: | 252 | |-------------|-----| | Waste Description: | WASTE OILS & LUBRICANTS | ## Site: GUELPH, CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF ### GORDON STREET RECYCLING DEPOT SOUTH OF WELLINGTON STREET GUELPH ON | Generator No.: | ON0349004 | |----------------|-----------| | Status: | | | Approval Years:| 92,93,97 | | Contam. Facility: | | | MHSW Facility: | | | SIC Code: | 8373 | | SIC Description: | ENVIRON. ADMIN. | **--Details--** - Waste Code: 252 - Waste Description: WASTE OILS & LUBRICANTS --- ## Site: ONTARIO HYDRO ### CAMPBELL T.S.; RP511, LOT 11 GUELPH ON | Company Code: | O0859 | |---------------|-------| | Industry: | Utility | | Site Status: | | | Transaction Date: | 5/26/1988 | | Inspection Date: | | --- ## Site: COMPLETE LANDSCAPING O/A BROCKROAD NURSERY ### R.R. #3 GUELPH ON N1H 6H9 | Licence No: | Operator Box: | |-------------|---------------| | Detail Licence No: | Operator Class: | | Licence Type Code: | Operator No: | | Licence Type: Vendor | Operator Type: | | Licence Class: | Operator Lot: | | Licence Control: | Oper Concession: | | Trade Name: | Operator Region: | | Post Office Box: | Operator District: | | Lot: | Operator County: | | Concession: | Oper Phone Area Cd: | | Region: | Ext: | | District: | Oper Phone No: | | County: | Proponent Ext: | --- ## Site: TRANSPORT TRUCK ### SHELL SERVICE STATION COUNTY RD. #46 NORTH OF THE 401 MOTOR VEHICLE (OPERATING FLUID) PUSLINCH TWP. ON | Ref No: | 34646 | |---------|-------| | Site No: | Discharger Report: | | Incident Dt: | Material Group: | | Year: | Client Type: | | Incident Cause: CONTAINER OVERFLOW | Sector Type: | | Incident Event: | Source Type: | | Contaminant Code: | Nearest Watercourse: | | Contaminant Name: | Site Name: | | Contaminant Limit 1: | Site Address: | | Contam Limit Freq 1: | Site District Office: | | Contaminant UN No 1: | Site County/District: | | Contaminant Qty: | Site Postal Code: | | Environment Impact: POSSIBLE | Site Region: | | Nature of Impact: | Site Municipality: 75612 | | Receiving Medium: LAND | Site Lot: | | Receiving Env: | Site Conc: | | Health/Env Conseq: | Northing: | | MOE Response: | Easting: MCCR | | Site Geo Ref Accu: | | Site: Badger Daylighting Inc. Clair Road GUELPH WATER TOWER<UNOFFICIAL> Guelph ON Ref No: 0031-6UGVH4 Site No: Incident Dt: 10/11/2006 Year: Incident Cause: Incident Event: Contaminant Code: 41 Contaminant Name: Process water (N.O.S.) Contaminant Limit 1: Contam Limit Freq 1: Contaminant UN No 1: Contaminant Qty: 20 L Environment Impact: Confirmed Nature of Impact: Soil Contamination Receiving Medium: Land Receiving Env: Health/Env Conseq: MOE Response: Dt MOE Arvl on Scn: MOE Reported Dt: 10/11/2006 Dt Document Closed: Agency Involved: SAC Action Class: Incident Reason: Incident Summary: Guelph: Badger discharged truck contents Discharger Report: Material Group: Wastes Client Type: Sector Type: Other Source Type: Nearest Watercourse: Site Name: CLAIR ROAD Site Address: CLAIR ROAD Site District Office: Guelph Site County/District: Site Postal Code: Site Region: Site Municipality: Guelph Site Lot: Site Conc: Northing: Eastling: Site Geo Ref Accu: Site Geo Ref Meth: Site Map Datum: Site: UNKNOWN NORTH HALF LOT 11 CON.7 OLD WEST GARY TWNSP. CENTRE WELLINGTON TOWNSHIP ON Ref No: 222753 Site No: Incident Dt: 3/7/2002 Year: Incident Cause: UNKNOWN Incident Event: Contaminant Code: Contaminant Name: Contaminant Limit 1: Contam Limit Freq 1: Contaminant UN No 1: Contaminant Qty: Environment Impact: POSSIBLE Nature of Impact: Multi Media Pollution Receiving Medium: LAND / WATER Receiving Env: Health/Env Conseq: MOE Response: Dt MOE Arvl on Scn: MOE Reported Dt: 3/7/2002 Dt Document Closed: Agency Involved: SAC Action Class: Incident Reason: UNKNOWN Incident Summary: UNKNOWN SOURCE: SPILL OF FUEL OIL TO CREEK. TWNSP & MOE ON SCENE. Discharger Report: Material Group: Client Type: Sector Type: Source Type: Nearest Watercourse: Site Name: Site Address: Site District Office: Site County/District: Site Postal Code: Site Region: Site Municipality: 75614 Site Lot: Site Conc: Northing: Eastling: Site Geo Ref Accu: Site Geo Ref Meth: Site Map Datum: Site: Gordon St, Waterloo and Yorkshire Guelph ON Ref No: 0443-6D8NAW Incident Dt: 6/10/2005 Contaminant Code: Contaminant Name: DIESEL FUEL Contaminant Limit 1: 90.9 L Environment Impact: Not Anticipated Nature of Impact: Receiving Medium: Land Receiving Env: Health/Env Conseq: MOE Response: Dt MOE Arri on Scn: MOE Reported Dt: 6/10/2005 Dt Document Closed: Agency Involved: SAC Action Class: Spills to Highways (usually highway accidents) Incident Reason: Incident Summary: diesel on road being cleaned by city Discharger Report: 2 Material Group: Oil Client Type: Sector Type: Other Motor Vehicle Source Type: Nearest Watercourse: Site Name: Roadway<UNOFFICIAL> Site Address: Site District Office: Guelph Site County/District: Site Postal Code: Site Region: Site Municipality: Guelph Site Lot: Site Conc: Northing: EastIng: Site Geo Ref Accu: Site Geo Ref Meth: Site Map Datum: Site: lot 11 con 8 ON Well ID: 6714515 Construction Date: Primary Water Use: Domestic Sec. Water Use: Final Well Status: Water Supply Water Type: Casing Material: Audit No: 257933 Tag: Construction Method: Elevation (m): Elevation Reliability: Depth to Bedrock: Well Depth: Overburden/Bedrock: Pump Rate: Static Water Level: Flowing (Y/N): Flow Rate: Clear/Cloudy: Data Entry Status: Data Src: 1 Date Received: 7/17/2003 Selected Flag: Yes Abandonment Rec: Contractor: 2663 Form Version: 1 Owner: Street Name: County: WELLINGTON Municipality: PUSLINCH TOWNSHIP Site Info: Lot: 011 Concession: 08 Concession Name: CON EastIng NAD83: Northing NAD83: Zone: UTM Reliability: Bore Hole Information Bore Hole ID: 10548066 DP2BR: Spatial Status: Code OB: o Code OB Desc: Overburden Open Hole: Cluster Kind: Date Completed: 02-JUL-03 Remarks: Elevrc Desc: Location Source Date: Improvement Location Source: Elevation: Elevrc: Zone: 17 East83: Org CS: North83: UTMRC: 9 UTMRC Desc: unknown UTM Location Method: na Improvement Location Method: Source Revision Comment: Supplier Comment: Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval Formation ID: 932939909 Layer: 2 Color: 6 General Color: BROWN Mat1: 05 Most Common Material: CLAY Mat2: 11 Other Materials: GRAVEL Mat3: 28 Other Materials: SAND Formation Top Depth: 30 Formation End Depth: 87 Formation End Depth UOM: ft Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval Formation ID: 932939910 Layer: 3 Color: General Color: Mat1: 11 Most Common Material: GRAVEL Mat2: Other Materials: Mat3: Other Materials: Formation Top Depth: 87 Formation End Depth: 94 Formation End Depth UOM: ft Overburden and Bedrock Materials Interval Formation ID: 932939908 Layer: 1 Color: 6 General Color: BROWN Mat1: 05 Most Common Material: CLAY Mat2: 12 Other Materials: STONES Mat3: Other Materials: Formation Top Depth: 0 Formation End Depth: 30 Formation End Depth UOM: ft Annular Space/Abandonment Sealing Record Plug ID: 933244699 Layer: 1 Plug From: 0 Plug To: 20 Plug Depth UOM: ft Method of Construction & Well Use Method Construction ID: 966714515 Method Construction Code: 4 Method Construction: Rotary (Air) Other Method Construction: **Pipe Information** Pipe ID: 11096636 Casing No: 1 Comment: Alt Name: **Construction Record - Casing** Casing ID: 930779232 Layer: 1 Material: 1 Open Hole or Material: STEEL Depth From: Depth To: Casing Diameter: 6 Casing Diameter UOM: inch Casing Depth UOM: ft **Results of Well Yield Testing** Pump Test ID: 996714515 Pump Set At: Static Level: 60 Final Level After Pumping: 74 Recommended Pump Depth: 85 Pumping Rate: 30 Flowing Rate: Recommended Pump Rate: 30 Levels UOM: ft Rate UOM: GPM Water State After Test Code: 1 Water State After Test: CLEAR Pumping Test Method: 1 Pumping Duration HR: 1 Pumping Duration MIN: 0 Flowing: N **Draw Down & Recovery** Pump Test Detail ID: 934614661 Test Type: Draw Down Test Duration: 30 Test Level: 74 Test Level UOM: ft **Draw Down & Recovery** Pump Test Detail ID: 934350798 Test Type: Draw Down Test Duration: 15 Test Level: 74 Test Level UOM: ft **Draw Down & Recovery** Pump Test Detail ID: 935136732 Test Type: Draw Down Test Duration: 60 **Draw Down & Recovery** - **Pump Test Detail ID:** 934875673 - **Test Type:** Draw Down - **Test Duration:** 45 - **Test Level:** 74 - **Test Level UOM:** ft **Water Details** - **Water ID:** 934042000 - **Layer:** 1 - **Kind Code:** 1 - **Kind:** FRESH - **Water Found Depth:** 94 - **Water Found Depth UOM:** ft Environmental Risk Information Services (ERIS) can search the following databases. The extent of historical information varies with each database and current information is determined by what is publicly available to ERIS at the time of update. **Note:** Databases denoted with " * " indicates that the database will no longer be updated. See the individual database description for more information. **Abandoned Aggregate Inventory:** Provincial AAGR The MAAP Program maintains a database of abandoned pits and quarries. Please note that the database is only referenced by lot and concession and city/town location. The database provides information regarding the location, type, size, land use, status and general comments.* *Government Publication Date: Sept 2002* **Aggregate Inventory:** Provincial AGR The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources maintains a database of all active pits and quarries. The database provides information regarding the registered owner/operator, location name, operation type, approval type, and maximum annual tonnage. *Government Publication Date: Up to Sep 2018* **Abandoned Mine Information System:** Provincial AMIS The Abandoned Mines Information System contains data on known abandoned and inactive mines located on both Crown and privately held lands. The information was provided by the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM), with the following disclaimer: “the database provided has been compiled from various sources, and the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines makes no representation and takes no responsibility that such information is accurate, current or complete”. Reported information includes official mine name, status, background information, mine start/end date, primary commodity, mine features, hazards and remediation. *Government Publication Date: 1800-Nov 2016* **Anderson's Waste Disposal Sites:** Private ANDR The information provided in this database was collected by examining various historical documents which aimed to characterize the likely position of former waste disposal sites from 1860 to present. The research initiative behind the creation of this database was to identify those sites that are missing from the Ontario MOE Waste Disposal Site Inventory, as well as to provide revisions and corrections to the positions and descriptions of sites currently listed in the MOE inventory. In addition to historic waste disposal facilities, the database also identifies certain auto wreckers and scrap yards that have been extrapolated from documentary sources. Please note that the data is not warranted to be complete, exhaustive or authoritative. The information was collected for research purposes only. *Government Publication Date: 1860s-Present* **Automobile Wrecking & Supplies:** Private AUWR This database provides an inventory of known locations that are involved in the scrap metal, automobile wrecking/recycling, and automobile parts & supplies industry. Information is provided on the company name, location and business type. *Government Publication Date: 1999-Jul 31, 2018* **Borehole:** Provincial BORE A borehole is the generalized term for any narrow shaft drilled in the ground, either vertically or horizontally. The information here includes geotechnical investigations or environmental site assessments, mineral exploration, or as a pilot hole for installing piers or underground utilities. Information is from many sources such as the Ministry of Transportation (MTO) boreholes from engineering reports and projects from the 1950 to 1990’s in Southern Ontario. Boreholes from the Ontario Geological Survey (OGS) including The Urban Geology Analysis Information System (UGAIS) and the York Peel Durham Toronto (YPDT) database of the Conservation Authority Moraine Coalition. This database will include fields such as location, stratigraphy, depth, elevation, year drilled, etc. For all water well data or oil and gas well data for Ontario please refer to WWIS and OOGW. *Government Publication Date: 1875-Jul 2014* **Certificates of Approval:** Provincial CA This database contains the following types of approvals: Air & Noise, Industrial Sewage, Municipal & Private Sewage, Waste Management Systems and Renewable Energy Approvals. The MOE in Ontario states that any facility that releases emissions to the atmosphere, discharges contaminants to ground or surface water, provides potable water supplies, or stores, transports or disposes of waste, must have a Certificate of Approval before it can operate lawfully. Fields include approval number, business name, address, approval date, approval type and status. This database will no longer be updated, as CoFA's have been replaced by either Environmental Activity and Sector Registry (EASR) or Environmental Compliance Approval (ECA). Please refer to those individual databases for any information after Oct.31, 2011. *Government Publication Date: 1985-Oct 30, 2011* **Commercial Fuel Oil Tanks:** List of commercial underground fuel oil tanks made available by the Fuels Safety Program of the Technical Standards & Safety Authority (TSSA). Ontario Regulation 213/01 of the Technical Standards and Safety Act (2000) requires that all underground tanks be registered with the TSSA. Note: the Fuels Safety Division does not register waste oil tanks in apartments, office buildings, residences, etc., or aboveground gas or diesel tanks. Records are not verified for accuracy or completeness. This is not a comprehensive or complete inventory of commercial fuel tanks in the province. The TSSA updates information in its system on an ongoing basis; this listing is a copy of the data captured at one moment in time and is hence limited by the record date provided here. *Government Publication Date: Feb 28, 2017* **Chemical Register:** This database includes information from both a one time study conducted in 1992 and private source and is a listing of facilities that manufacture or distribute chemicals. The production of these chemical substances may involve one or more chemical reactions and/or chemical separation processes (i.e. fractionation, solvent extraction, crystallization, etc.). *Government Publication Date: 1999-Jul 31, 2018* **Compressed Natural Gas Stations:** Canada has a network of public access compressed natural gas (CNG) refuelling stations. These stations dispense natural gas in compressed form at 3,000 pounds per square inch (psi), the pressure which is allowed within the current Canadian codes and standards. The majority of natural gas refuelling is located at existing retail gasoline that have a separate refuelling island for natural gas. This list of stations is made available by the Canadian Natural Gas Vehicle Alliance. *Government Publication Date: Dec 2012 - Dec 2018* **Inventory of Coal Gasification Plants and Coal Tar Sites:** This inventory includes both the "Inventory of Coal Gasification Plant Waste Sites in Ontario-April 1987" and the Inventory of Industrial Sites Producing or Using Coal Tar and Related Tars in Ontario-November 1988) collected by the MOE. It identifies industrial sites that produced and continue to produce or use coal tar and other related tars. Detailed information is available and includes: facility type, size, land use, information on adjoining properties, soil condition, site operators/occupants, site description, potential environmental impacts and historic maps available. This was a one-time inventory.* *Government Publication Date: Apr 1987 and Nov 1988* **Compliance and Convictions:** This database summarizes the fines and convictions handed down by the Ontario courts beginning in 1989. Companies and individuals named here have been found guilty of environmental offenses in Ontario courts of law. *Government Publication Date: 1989-Sep 2018* **Certificates of Property Use:** This is a subset taken from Ontario's Environmental Registry (EBR) database. It will include all CPU's on the registry such as (EPA s. 168.6) - Certificate of Property Use. *Government Publication Date: 1994-Nov 30, 2018* **Drill Hole Database:** The Ontario Drill Hole Database contains information on more than 113,000 percussion, overburden, sonic and diamond drill holes from assessment files on record with the department of Mines and Minerals. Please note that limited data is available for southern Ontario, as it was the last area to be completed. The database was created when surveys submitted to the Ministry were converted in the Assessment File Research Image Database (AFRI) project. However, the degree of accuracy (coordinates) as to the exact location of drill holes is dependent upon the source document submitted to the MNDM. Levels of accuracy used to locate holes are: centering on the mining claim; a sketch of the mining claim; a 1:50,000 map; a detailed company map; or from submitted a "Report of Work". *Government Publication Date: 1886 - Oct 2018* **Dry Cleaning Facilities:** List of dry cleaning facilities made available by Environment and Climate Change Canada. Environment and Climate Change Canada's Tetrachloroethylene (Use in Dry Cleaning and Reporting Requirements) Regulations (SOR/2003-79) are intended to reduce releases of tetrachloroethylene to the environment from dry cleaning facilities. *Government Publication Date: Jan 2004-Dec 2016* **Environmental Activity and Sector Registry:** On October 31, 2011, a smarter, faster environmental approvals system came into effect in Ontario. The EASR allows businesses to register certain activities with the ministry, rather than apply for an approval. The registry is available for common systems and processes, to which preset rules of operation can be applied. The EASR is currently available for: heating systems, standby power systems and automotive refinishing. Businesses whose activities aren't subject to the EASR may apply for an ECA (Environmental Compliance Approval). Please see our ECA database. *Government Publication Date: Oct 2011-Nov 30, 2018* Environmental Registry: The Environmental Registry lists proposals, decisions and exceptions regarding policies, Acts, instruments, or regulations that could significantly affect the environment. Through the Registry, thirteen provincial ministries notify the public of upcoming proposals and invite their comments. For example, if a local business is requesting a permit, license, or certificate of approval to release substances into the air or water; these are notified on the registry. Data includes: Approval for discharge into the natural environment other than water (i.e. Air) - EPA s. 9, Approval for sewage works - OWRA s. 53(1), and EPA s. 27 - Approval for a waste disposal site. For information regarding Permit to Take Water (PTTW), Certificate of Property Use (CPU) and (ORD) Orders please refer to those individual databases. Government Publication Date: 1994-Nov 30, 2018 Environmental Compliance Approval: On October 31, 2011, a smarter, faster environmental approvals system came into effect in Ontario. In the past, a business had to apply for multiple approvals (known as certificates of approval) for individual processes and pieces of equipment. Today, a business either registers itself, or applies for a single approval, depending on the types of activities it conducts. Businesses whose activities aren't subject to the EASR may apply for an ECA. A single ECA addresses all of a business's emissions, discharges and wastes. Separate approvals for air, noise and waste are no longer required. This database will also include Renewable Energy Approvals. For certificates of approval prior to Nov 1st, 2011, please refer to the CA database. For all Waste Disposal Sites please refer to the WDS database. Government Publication Date: Oct 2011-Nov 30, 2018 Environmental Effects Monitoring: The Environmental Effects Monitoring program assesses the effects of effluent from industrial or other sources on fish, fish habitat and human usage of fisheries resources. Since 1992, pulp and paper mills have been required to conduct EEM studies under the Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations. This database provides information on the mill name, geographical location and sub-lethal toxicity data. Government Publication Date: 1992-2007* ERIS Historical Searches: ERIS has compiled a database of all environmental risk reports completed since March 1999. Available fields for this database include: site location, date of report, type of report, and search radius. As per all other databases, the ERIS database can be referenced on both the map and "Statistical Profile" page. Government Publication Date: 1999-Oct 31, 2018 Environmental Issues Inventory System: The Environmental Issues Inventory System was developed through the implementation of the Environmental Issues and Remediation Plan. This plan was established to determine the location and severity of contaminated sites on inhabited First Nation reserves, and where necessary, to remediate those that posed a risk to health and safety; and to prevent future environmental problems. The EIIS provides information on the reserve under investigation, inventory number, name of site, environmental issue, site action (Remediation, Site Assessment), and date investigation completed. Government Publication Date: 1992-2001* Emergency Management Historical Event: List of locations of historical occurrences of emergency events, including those assigned to the Ministry of Natural Resources by Order-In-Council (OIC) under the Emergency Management and Civil Protection Act, as well as events where MNR provided requested emergency response assistance. Many of these events will have involved community evacuations, significant structural loss, and/or involvement of MNR emergency response staff. These events fall into one of ten (10) type categories: Dam Failure; Drought / Low Water; Erosion; Flood; Forest Fire; Soil and Bedrock Instability; Petroleum Resource Center Event, EMQ Requested Assistance, Continuity of Operations Event, Other Requested Assistance. EMHE record details are reproduced by ERIS under License with the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources © Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2017. Government Publication Date: Dec 31, 2016 List of TSSA Expired Facilities: List of facilities and tanks - for which there was once a registration - no longer registered with the Fuels Safety Program of the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA). Includes private fuel outlets, bulk plants, fuel oil tanks, gasoline stations, marinas, propane filling stations, liquid fuel tanks, piping systems, etc. Tanks which have been removed from the ground are included in the expired facilities inventory held by the TSSA. Notes: the Fuels Safety Division did not register private fuel underground/aboveground storage tanks prior to January of 1990, or furnace oil tanks prior to May 1, 2002; nor does the Division register waste oil tanks in apartments, office buildings, residences, etc., or aboveground gas or diesel tanks. Records are not verified for accuracy or completeness. This is not a comprehensive or complete inventory of expired tanks/tank facilities in the province. The TSSA updates information in its system on an ongoing basis; this listing is hence limited by the record date provided here. Government Publication Date: Feb 28, 2017 Federal Convictions: Environment Canada maintains a database referred to as the "Environmental Registry" that details prosecutions under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) and the Fisheries Act (FA). Information is provided on the company name, location, charge date, offence and penalty. Government Publication Date: 1988-Jun 2007* **Contaminated Sites on Federal Land:** The Federal Contaminated Sites Inventory includes information on known federal contaminated sites under the custodianship of departments, agencies and consolidated Crown corporations as well as those that are being or have been investigated to determine whether they have contamination arising from past use that could pose a risk to human health or the environment. The inventory also includes non-federal contaminated sites for which the Government of Canada has accepted some or all financial responsibility. It does not include sites where contamination has been caused by, and which are under the control of, enterprise Crown corporations, private individuals, firms or other levels of government. *Government Publication Date: Jun 2000-Oct 2018* **Fisheries & Oceans Fuel Tanks:** Fisheries & Oceans Canada maintains an inventory of aboveground & underground fuel storage tanks located on Fisheries & Oceans property or controlled by DFO. Our inventory provides information on the site name, location, tank owner, tank operator, facility type, storage tank location, tank contents & capacity, and date of tank installation. *Government Publication Date: 1964-Sep 2017* **Fuel Storage Tank:** List of registered private and retail fuel storage tanks made available by the Fuels Safety Program of the Technical Standards & Safety Authority (TSSA). Ontario Regulation 213/01 of the Technical Standards and Safety Act (2000) requires that all underground tanks be registered with the TSSA. Notes: the Fuels Safety Division did not register private fuel underground/aboveground storage tanks prior to January of 1990, or furnace oil tanks prior to May 1, 2002; nor does the Division register waste oil tanks in apartments, office buildings, residences, etc., or aboveground gas or diesel tanks. Records are not verified for accuracy or completeness. This is not a comprehensive or complete inventory of fuel storage tanks/tank facilities in the province. The TSSA updates information in its system on an ongoing basis; this listing is hence limited by the record date provided here. *Government Publication Date: Feb 28, 2017* **Fuel Storage Tank - Historic:** The Fuels Safety Branch of the Ontario Ministry of Consumer and Commercial Relations maintained a database of all registered private fuel storage tanks. Public records of private fuel storage tanks are only available since the registration became effective in September 1989. This information is now collected by the Technical Standards and Safety Authority. *Government Publication Date: Pre-Jan 2010* **Ontario Regulation 347 Waste Generators Summary:** Regulation 347 of the Ontario EPA defines a waste generation site as any site, equipment and/or operation involved in the production, collection, handling and/or storage of regulated wastes. A generator of regulated waste is required to register the waste generation site and each waste produced, collected, handled, or stored at the site. This database contains the registration number, company name and address of registered generators including the types of hazardous wastes generated. It includes data on waste generating facilities such as: drycleaners, waste treatment and disposal facilities, machine shops, electric power distribution etc. This information is a summary of all years from 1986 including the most currently available data. Some records may contain, within the company name, the phrase "See & Use..." followed by a series of letters and numbers. This occurs when one company is amalgamated with or taken over by another registered company. The number listed as "See & Use", refers to the new ownership and the other identification number refers to the original ownership. This phrase serves as a link between the 2 companies until operations have been fully transferred. *Government Publication Date: 1986-June 30, 2018* **Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Large Facilities:** List of greenhouse gas emissions from large facilities made available by Environment Canada. Greenhouse gas emissions in kilotonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents (kt CO2 eq). *Government Publication Date: 2013-Dec 2016* **TSSA Historic Incidents:** List of historic incidences of spills and leaks of diesel, fuel oil, gasoline, natural gas, propane, and hydrogen recorded by the TSSA in their previous incident tracking system. The TSSA's Fuels Safety Program administers the Technical Standards & Safety Act 2000, providing fuel-related safety services associated with the safe transportation, storage, handling and use of fuels such as gasoline, diesel, propane, natural gas and hydrogen. Under this Act, the TSSA regulates fuel suppliers, storage facilities, transport trucks, pipelines, contractors and equipment or appliances that use fuels. Records are not verified for accuracy or completeness. This is not a comprehensive or complete inventory of historical fuel spills and leaks in the province. This listing is a copy of the data captured at one moment in time and is hence limited by the record date provided here. *Government Publication Date: 2006-June 2009* **Indian & Northern Affairs Fuel Tanks:** The Department of Indian & Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) maintains an inventory of aboveground & underground fuel storage tanks located on both federal and crown land. Our inventory provides information on the reserve name, location, facility type, site/facility name, tank type, material & ID number, tank contents & capacity, and date of tank installation. *Government Publication Date: 1950-Aug 2003* **TSSA Incidents:** List of spills and leaks of diesel, fuel oil, gasoline, natural gas, propane, and hydrogen reported to the Spills Action Centre (SAC) and made available by the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA). Under the Technical Standards & Safety Act (2000), the TSSA regulates fuel suppliers, storage facilities, transport trucks, pipelines, contractors, and equipment or appliances that use fuels. Includes incidents from fuel-related hazards such as spills, fires, and explosions. Records are not verified for accuracy or completeness. This is not a comprehensive or complete inventory of fuel-related leaks, spills, and incidents in the province. The TSSA updates information in its system on an ongoing basis; this listing is hence limited by the record date provided here. *Government Publication Date: Feb 28, 2017* **Landfill Inventory Management Ontario:** The Landfill Inventory Management Ontario (LIMO) database is updated every year, as the ministry compiles new and updated information. The inventory will include small and large landfills. Additionally, each year the ministry will request operators of the larger landfills complete a landfill data collection form that will be used to update LIMO and will include the following information from the previous operating year. This will include additional information such as estimated amount of total waste received, landfill capacity, estimated total remaining landfill capacity, fill rates, engineering designs, reporting and monitoring details, size of location, service area, approved waste types, leachate of site treatment, contaminant attenuation zone and more. The small landfills will include information such as site owner, site location and certificate of approval # and status. *Government Publication Date: Sep 30, 2017* **Canadian Mine Locations:** This information is collected from the Canadian & American Mines Handbook. The Mines database is a national database that provides over 290 listings on mines (listed as public companies) dealing primarily with precious metals and hard rocks. Listed are mines that are currently in operation, closed, suspended, or are still being developed (advanced projects). Their locations are provided as geographic coordinates (x, y and/or longitude, latitude). As of 2002, data pertaining to Canadian smelters and refineries has been appended to this database. *Government Publication Date: 1998-2009* **Environmental Penalty Annual Report:** This database contains data from Ontario's annual environmental penalty report published by the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change. These reports provide information on environmental penalties for land or water violations issued to companies in one of the nine industrial sectors covered by the Municipal Industrial Strategy for Abatement (MISA) regulations. *Government Publication Date: Jan 1, 2011 - Dec 31, 2017* **Mineral Occurrences:** In the early 70's, the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines created an inventory of approximately 19,000 mineral occurrences in Ontario, in regard to metallic and industrial minerals, as well as some information on building stones and aggregate deposits. Please note that the "Horizontal Positional Accuracy" is approximately +/- 200 m. Many reference elements for each record were derived from field sketches using pace or chain/tape measurements against claim posts or topographic features in the area. The primary limiting factor for the level of positional accuracy is the scale of the source material. The testing of horizontal accuracy of the source materials was accomplished by comparing the plan metric (X and Y) coordinates of that point with the coordinates of the same point as defined from a source of higher accuracy. *Government Publication Date: 1846-Jan 2018* **National Analysis of Trends in Emergencies System (NATES):** In 1974 Environment Canada established the National Analysis of Trends in Emergencies System (NATES) database, for the voluntary reporting of significant spill incidents. The data was to be used to assist in directing the work of the emergencies program. NATES ran from 1974 to 1994. Extensive information is available within this database including company names, place where the spill occurred, date of spill, cause, reason and source of spill, damage incurred, and amount, concentration, and volume of materials released. *Government Publication Date: 1974-1994* **Non-Compliance Reports:** The Ministry of the Environment provides information about non-compliant discharges of contaminants to air and water that exceed legal allowable limits, from regulated industrial and municipal facilities. A reported non-compliance failure may be in regard to a Control Order, Certificate of Approval, Sectoral Regulation or specific regulation/act. *Government Publication Date: Dec 31, 2016* **National Defense & Canadian Forces Fuel Tanks:** The Department of National Defense and the Canadian Forces maintains an inventory of all aboveground & underground fuel storage tanks located on DND lands. Our inventory provides information on the base name, location, tank type & capacity, tank contents, tank class, date of tank installation, date tank last used, and status of tank as of May 2001. This database will no longer be updated due to the new National Security protocols which have prohibited any release of this database. *Government Publication Date: Up to May 2001* **National Defense & Canadian Forces Spills:** Federal NDSP The Department of National Defense and the Canadian Forces maintains an inventory of spills to land and water. All spill sites have been classified under the "Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act – 1992". Our inventory provides information on the facility name, location, spill ID #, spill date, type of spill, as well as the quantity of substance spilled & recovered. *Government Publication Date: Mar 1999-Apr 2018* **National Defence & Canadian Forces Waste Disposal Sites:** Federal NDWD The Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces maintains an inventory of waste disposal sites located on DND lands. Where available, our inventory provides information on the base name, location, type of waste received, area of site, depth of site, year site opened/closed and status. *Government Publication Date: 2001-Apr 2007* **National Energy Board Pipeline Incidents:** Federal NEBI Locations of pipeline incidents from 2008 to present, made available by the National Energy Board (NEB). Includes incidents reported under the Onshore Pipeline Regulations and the Processing Plant Regulations related to pipelines under federal jurisdiction, does not include incident data related to pipelines under provincial or territorial jurisdiction. *Government Publication Date: 2008-Jun 30, 2018* **National Energy Board Wells:** Federal NEBW The NEBW database contains information on onshore & offshore oil and gas wells that are outside provincial jurisdiction(s) and are thereby regulated by the National Energy Board. Data is provided regarding the operator, well name, well ID No./UWI, status, classification, well depth, spud and release date. *Government Publication Date: 1920-Feb 2003* **National Environmental Emergencies System (NEES):** Federal NEES In 2000, the Emergencies program implemented NEES, a reporting system for spills of hazardous substances. For the most part, this system only captured data from the Atlantic Provinces, some from Quebec and Ontario and a portion from British Columbia. Data for Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and the Territories was not captured. However, NEES is also a repository for previous Environment Canada spill datasets. NEES is composed of the historic datasets 'or Trends' which dates from approximately 1974 to present. NEES Trends is a compilation of historic databases, which were merged and includes data from NATES (National Analysis of Trends in Emergencies System), ARTS (Atlantic Regional Trends System), and NEES. In 2001, the Emergencies Program determined that variations in reporting regimes and requirements between federal and provincial agencies made national spill reporting and trend analysis difficult to achieve. As a consequence, the department has focused efforts on capturing data on spills of substances which fall under its legislative authority only (CEPA and FA). As such, the NEES database will be decommissioned in December 2004. *Government Publication Date: 1974-2003* **National PCB Inventory:** Federal NPCB Environment Canada's National PCB inventory includes information on in-use PCB containing equipment in Canada including federal, provincial and private facilities. Federal out-of-service PCB containing equipment and PCB waste owned by the federal government or by federally regulated industries such as airlines, railway companies, broadcasting companies, telephone and telecommunications companies, pipeline companies, etc. are also listed. Although it is not Environment Canada's mandate to collect data on non-federal PCB waste, the National PCB inventory includes some information on provincial and private PCB waste and storage sites. Some addresses provided may be Head Office addresses and are not necessarily the location of where the waste is being used or stored. *Government Publication Date: 1988-2008* **National Pollutant Release Inventory:** Federal NPRI Environment Canada has defined the National Pollutant Release Inventory ("NPRI") as a federal government initiative designed to collect comprehensive national data regarding releases to air, water, or land, and waste transfers for recycling for more than 300 listed substances. *Government Publication Date: 1993-May 2017* **Oil and Gas Wells:** Private OGW The Nickle's Energy Group (publisher of the Daily Oil Bulletin) collects information on drilling activity including operator and well statistics. The well information database includes name, location, class, status and depth. The main Nickle's database is updated on a daily basis, however, this database is updated on a monthly basis. More information is available at www.nickles.com. *Government Publication Date: 1988-August 31, 2018* **Ontario Oil and Gas Wells:** Provincial OOGW In 1998, the MNR handed over to the Ontario Oil, Gas and Salt Resources Corporation, the responsibility of maintaining a database of oil and gas wells drilled in Ontario. The OGSR Library has over 20,000+ wells in their database. Information available for all wells in the ERIS database include well owner/operator, location, permit issue date, and well cap date, license No., status, depth and the primary target (rock unit) of the well being drilled. All geology/stratigraphy table information, plus all water table information is also provide for each well record. *Government Publication Date: 1800-May 2018* **Inventory of PCB Storage Sites:** The Ontario Ministry of Environment, Waste Management Branch, maintains an inventory of PCB storage sites within the province. Ontario Regulation 11/82 (Waste Management - PCB) and Regulation 347 (Generator Waste Management) under the Ontario EPA requires the registration of inactive PCB storage equipment and/or disposal sites of PCB waste with the Ontario Ministry of Environment. This database contains information on: 1) waste quantities; 2) major and minor sites storing liquid or solid waste; and 3) a waste storage inventory. *Government Publication Date: 1987-Oct 2004; 2012-Dec 2013* **Orders:** This is a subset taken from Ontario’s Environmental Registry (EBR) database. It will include all Orders on the registry such as (EPA s. 17) - Order for remedial work, (EPA s. 18) - Order for preventative measures, (EPA s. 43) - Order for removal of waste and restoration of site, (EPA s. 44) - Order for conformity with Act for waste disposal sites, (EPA s. 136) - Order for performance of environmental measures. *Government Publication Date: 1994-Nov 30, 2018* **Canadian Pulp and Paper:** This information is part of the Pulp and Paper Canada Directory. The Directory provides a comprehensive listing of the locations of pulp and paper mills and the products that they produce. *Government Publication Date: 1999, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2009-2014* **Parks Canada Fuel Storage Tanks:** Canadian Heritage maintains an inventory of known fuel storage tanks operated by Parks Canada, in both National Parks and at National Historic Sites. The database details information on site name, location, tank install/removal date, capacity, fuel type, facility type, tank design and owner/operator. *Government Publication Date: 1920-Jan 2005* **Pesticide Register:** The Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change maintains a database of licensed operators and vendors of registered pesticides. *Government Publication Date: 1988-Mar 2018* **TSSA Pipeline Incidents:** List of pipeline incidents (strikes, leaks, spills) made available by the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA). Under the Technical Standards & Safety Act (2000), the TSSA regulates fuel suppliers, storage facilities, transport trucks, pipelines, contractors, and equipment or appliances that use fuels. Records are not verified for accuracy or completeness. This is not a comprehensive or complete inventory of pipeline incidents in the province. The TSSA updates information in its system on an ongoing basis; this listing is hence limited by the record date provided here. *Government Publication Date: Feb 28, 2017* **Private and Retail Fuel Storage Tanks:** The Fuels Safety Branch of the Ontario Ministry of Consumer and Commercial Relations maintained a database of all registered private fuel storage tanks and licensed retail fuel outlets. This database includes an inventory of locations that have gasoline, oil, waste oil, natural gas and/or propane storage tanks on their property. The MCCR no longer collects this information. This information is now collected by the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA). *Government Publication Date: 1989-1996* **Permit to Take Water:** This is a subset taken from Ontario’s Environmental Registry (EBR) database. It will include all PTTW's on the registry such as OWRA s. 34 - Permit to take water. *Government Publication Date: 1994-Nov 30, 2018* **Ontario Regulation 347 Waste Receivers Summary:** Part V of the Ontario Environmental Protection Act ("EPA") regulates the disposal of regulated waste through an operating waste management system or a waste disposal site operated or used pursuant to the terms and conditions of a Certificate of Approval or a Provisional Certificate of Approval. Regulation 347 of the Ontario EPA defines a waste receiving site as any site or facility to which waste is transferred by a waste carrier. A receiver of regulated waste is required to register the waste receiving facility. This database represents registered receivers of regulated wastes, identified by registration number, company name and address, and includes receivers of waste such as: landfills, incinerators, transfer stations, PCB storage sites, sludge farms and water pollution control plants. This information is a summary of all years from 1986 including the most currently available data. *Government Publication Date: 1986-2016* Record of Site Condition: The Record of Site Condition (RSC) is part of the Ministry of the Environment's Brownfields Environmental Site Registry. Protection from environmental cleanup orders for property owners is contingent upon documentation known as a record of site condition (RSC) being filed in the Environmental Site Registry. In order to file an RSC, the property must have been properly assessed and shown to meet the soil, sediment and groundwater standards appropriate for the use (such as residential) proposed to take place on the property. The Record of Site Condition Regulation (O. Reg. 153/04) details requirements related to site assessment and clean up. RSCs filed after July 1, 2011 will also be included as part of the new (O.Reg. 511/09). Government Publication Date: 1997-Sept 2001, Oct 2004-Sep 2018 Retail Fuel Storage Tanks: This database includes an inventory of retail fuel outlet locations (including marinas) that have on their property gasoline, oil, waste oil, natural gas and/or propane storage tanks. Government Publication Date: 1999-Jul 31, 2018 Scott's Manufacturing Directory: Scott's Directories is a data bank containing information on over 200,000 manufacturers across Canada. Even though Scott's listings are voluntary, it is the most comprehensive database of Canadian manufacturers available. Information concerning a company's address, plant size, and main products are included in this database. Government Publication Date: 1992-Mar 2011* Ontario Spills: This database identifies information such as location (approximate), type and quantity of contaminant, date of spill, environmental impact, cause, nature of impact, etc. Information from 1988-2002 was part of the ORIS (Occurrence Reporting Information System). The SAC (Spills Action Centre) handles all spills reported in Ontario. Regulations for spills in Ontario are part of the MOE's Environmental Protection Act, Part X. Government Publication Date: 1988-Sep 2018 Wastewater Discharger Registration Database: Information under this heading is combination of the following 2 programs. The Municipal/Industrial Strategy for Abatement (MISA) division of the Ontario Ministry of Environment maintained a database of all direct dischargers of toxic pollutants within nine sectors including: Electric Power Generation; Mining; Petroleum Refining; Organic Chemicals; Inorganic Chemicals; Pulp & Paper; Metal Casting; Iron & Steel; and Quarries. All sampling information is now collected and stored within the Sample Result Data Store (SRDS). Government Publication Date: 1990-Dec 31, 2016 Anderson's Storage Tanks: The information provided in this database was collected by examining various historical documents, which identified the location of former storage tanks, containing substances such as fuel, water, gas, oil, and other various types of miscellaneous products. Information is available in regard to business operating at tank site, tank location, permit year, permit & installation type, no. of tanks installed & configuration and tank capacity. Data contained within this database pertains only to the city of Toronto and is not warranted to be complete, exhaustive or authoritative. The information was collected for research purposes only. Government Publication Date: 1915-1953* Transport Canada Fuel Storage Tanks: List of fuel storage tanks currently or previously owned or operated by Transport Canada. This inventory also includes tanks on The Pickering Lands, which refers to 7,530 hectares (18,600 acres) of land in Pickering, Markham, and Uxbridge owned by the Government of Canada since 1972; properties on this land has been leased by the government since 1975, and falls under the Site Management Policy of Transport Canada, but is administered by Public Works and Government Services Canada. This inventory provides information on the site name, location, tank age, capacity and fuel type. Government Publication Date: 1970-Aug 2017 TSSA Variances for Abandonment of Underground Storage Tanks: List of variances granted for abandoned tanks. Under the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA) Liquid Fuels Handling Code and Fuel Oil Code, all underground storage tanks must be removed within two years of disuse. If removal of a tank is not feasible, an application may be sought for a variance from this code requirement. Records are not verified for accuracy or completeness. This is not a comprehensive or complete inventory of tank variances in the province. The TSSA updates information in its system on an ongoing basis; this listing is hence limited by the record date provided here. Government Publication Date: Feb 28, 2017 Waste Disposal Sites - MOE CA Inventory: The Ontario Ministry of Environment, Waste Management Branch, maintains an inventory of known open (active or inactive) and closed disposal sites in the Province of Ontario. Active sites maintain a Certificate of Approval, are approved to receive and are receiving waste. Inactive sites maintain Certificate(s) of Approval but are not receiving waste. Closed sites are not receiving waste. The data contained within this database was compiled from the MOE's Certificate of Approval database. Locations of these sites may be cross-referenced to the Anderson database described under ERIS's Private Source Database section, by the CA number. All new Environmental Compliance Approvals handed out after Oct 31, 2011 for Waste Disposal Sites will still be found in this database. Government Publication Date: Oct 2011-Nov 30, 2018 Waste Disposal Sites - MOE 1991 Historical Approval Inventory: In June 1991, the Ontario Ministry of Environment, Waste Management Branch, published the "June 1991 Waste Disposal Site Inventory", of all known active and closed waste disposal sites as of October 30st, 1990. For each "active" site as of October 31st 1990, information is provided on site location, site/CA number, waste type, site status and site classification. For each "closed" site as of October 31st 1990, information is provided on site location, site/CA number, closure date and site classification. Locations of these sites may be cross-referenced to the Anderson database described under ERIS's Private Source Database section, by the CA number. Government Publication Date: Up to Oct 1990* Water Well Information System: This database describes locations and characteristics of water wells found within Ontario in accordance with Regulation 903. It includes such information as coordinates, construction date, well depth, primary and secondary use, pump rate, static water level, well status, etc. Also included are detailed stratigraphy information, approximate depth to bedrock and the approximate depth to the water table. Government Publication Date: Dec 31, 2017 Definitions **Database Descriptions:** This section provides a detailed explanation for each database including: source, information available, time coverage, and acronyms used. They are listed in alphabetic order. **Detail Report:** This is the section of the report which provides the most detail for each individual record. Records are summarized by location, starting with the project property followed by records in closest proximity. **Distance:** The distance value is the distance between plotted points, not necessarily the distance between the sites’ boundaries. All values are an approximation. **Direction:** The direction value is the compass direction of the site in respect to the project property and/or center point of the report. **Elevation:** The elevation value is taken from the location at which the records for the site address have been plotted. All values are an approximation. Source: Google Elevation API. **Executive Summary:** This portion of the report is divided into 3 sections: ‘Report Summary’- Displays a chart indicating how many records fall on the project property and, within the report search radii. ‘Site Report Summary’-Project Property’- This section lists all the records which fall on the project property. For more details, see the ‘Detail Report’ section. ‘Site Report Summary-Surrounding Properties’- This section summarizes all records on adjacent properties, listing them in order of proximity from the project property. For more details, see the ‘Detail Report’ section. **Map Key:** The map key number is assigned according to closest proximity from the project property. Map Key numbers always start at #1. The project property will always have a map key of ‘1’ if records are available. If there is a number in brackets beside the main number, this will indicate the number of records on that specific property. If there is no number in brackets, there is only one record for that property. The symbol and colour used indicates ‘elevation’: the red inverted triangle will dictate ‘ERIS Sites with Lower Elevation’, the yellow triangle will dictate ‘ERIS Sites with Higher Elevation’ and the orange square will dictate ‘ERIS Sites with Same Elevation.’ **Unplottables:** These are records that could not be mapped due to various reasons, including limited geographic information. These records may or may not be in your study area, and are included as reference. APPENDIX D: Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks | Landfill <5 km from site | Distance from site (km) | Site Number | County | Municipality | Lot or Street Number | Concession | NTS | UTM Coordinates | D | C | O | H | L | MH | SS | Hazard Class | |--------------------------|------------------------|-------------|----------|-----------------------|----------------------|------------|------|-----------------|----|----|---|---|---|-----|-----|--------------| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 99 | A 120410 | NIAGARA | WELLAND | PT 18 | 7 | 30L14 | 17 | 645800 | 4758550 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | A3 | | 97 | A 120412 | *** NIAGARA | WELLAND | 24 | 7 | 30L14 | 17 | 643250 | 4758250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | A4 | | 118 | A 120501 | NIAGARA | FORT ERIE| 7 (Bridge St. Fort Erie) | 4NR | 30L15 | 17 | 666400 | 4754700 | 50 | 30 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | A4 | | 65 | A 120601 | NIAGARA | GRIMSBY | NW PT2 | 6 | 30M04 | 17 | 618400 | 4777860 | 75 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | A3 | | 71 | A 120702 | NIAGARA | LINCOLN | PT 14-15 | 6 | 30M03 | 17 | 625100 | 4777530 | 0 | 0 | 100| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | A3 | | 93 | A 120802 | NIAGARA | NIAGARA-ON-THE-LAKE | PT 106 | 5 | 30M03 | 17 | 652250 | 4784170 | 80 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | A4 | | 98 | A 120803 | NIAGARA | NIAGARA-ON-THE-LAKE | PT 45,NE PT 47 (Queens'n Quarries) | 30M03 | 17 | 656250 | 4779400 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | A3 | | 91 | A 121007 | *** NIAGARA | THOROLD | PT 29 (Ormond St. & C.N.R.tracks) | 30M03 | 17 | 646510 | 4774730 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | A3 | | 90 | A 121016 | *** NIAGARA | THOROLD | PT 31; incityofThorold | 30M03 | 17 | 645510 | 4774400 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 | A3 | | 95 | A 121101 | NIAGARA | WAINFLEET | 20 (Station Rd) | 1 | 30L14 | 17 | 632440 | 4748590 | 80 | 5 | 15| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | A4 | | 87 | A 121102 | NIAGARA | WAINFLEET | PT 26 (Perry Rd) | 6 | 30L14 | 17 | 629280 | 4757780 | 85 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | A4 | | 64 | A 121201 | NIAGARA | LINCOLN, WEST | PT 14(CaistorRd) | 3 | 30M04 | 17 | 607650 | 4768700 | 0 | 0 | 100| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | A4 | | 16 | A 140104 | WATERLOO | CAMBRIDGE | PT 2N1/2 | 11 | 40P08 | 17 | 558850 | 4802050 | 44 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 52 | 0 | A3 | | 32 | A 140301 | WATERLOO | WATERLOO | Erb St.; 40 GCT | 40P07 | 17 | 534450 | 4809200 | 52 | 22 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | A3 | | 10 | A 170101 | WELLINGTON | GUELPH | PT 4-SS1/2 | 5 DIVC | 40P09 | 17 | 561950 | 4825200 | 15 | 7 | 22| 0 | 2 | 54 | 0 | A1 | | 31 | A 171001 | WELLINGTON | ERIN | PT 15 E1/2 | 9 | 40P16 | 17 | 574700 | 4846240 | 80 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | A3 | | 61 | A 171101 | WELLINGTON | ARTHUR | PT13 | WOFOS | 40P15 | 17 | 525770 | 4863000 | 75 | 10 | 10| 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | A4 | | 33 | A 171401 | WELLINGTON | GARAFRAKA, WEST | PT11 | 6 | 40P16 | 17 | 553480 | 4847660 | 80 | 10 | 10| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | A4 | | 55 | A 171701 | WELLINGTON | MARYBOROUGH | 7 | 4 | 40P15 | 17 | 516250 | 4840900 | 75 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | A4 | | 56 | A 171702 | WELLINGTON | MARYBOROUGH | PT 6 E1/2 | 14 | 40P15 | 17 | 521750 | 4851950 | 75 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | A4 | | 71 | A 171801 | WELLINGTON | MINTO | PT 26 | 7 | 40P15 | 17 | 509220 | 4859810 | 75 | 5 | 15| 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | A4 | | 48 | A 172001 | WELLINGTON | DRAYTON | PT 12 E1/2 | 13 | 40P15 | 17 | 529380 | 4847250 | 88 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | A4 | | 4 | A 172201 | WELLINGTON | PUSLINCH | PT 17S1/2 | FRONT O | 40P08 | 17 | 563300 | 4813200 | 84 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | A4 | *** Industrial Sites | Landfill < 5 km from site | Distance from site (km) | Site Number | County | Municipality | Lot or Street Number | Concession | UTM Coordinates | Date Closed | Hazard Class | |---------------------------|-------------------------|-------------|----------|------------------|----------------------|------------|----------------|--------------|--------------| | | | | | | | | | | | | 21 | X 8074 | WATERLOO | KITCHENER | Hwy. 24 | 40P08 | 17 | 555375, 4798200 | 1968 | NP | | 11 | X 8075 | WATERLOO | CAMBRIDGE | 9 & 10 | 40P08 | 17 | 557150, 4809250 | 1940 | NP | | 17 | X 8076 | WATERLOO | CAMBRIDGE | Russ St. | 40P08 | 17 | 552225, 4805950 | 1968 | A7 | | 18 | X 8078 | WATERLOO | CAMBRIDGE | Rogers Dr. | 40P08 | 17 | 551500, 4805450 | 1960 | A7 | | 18 | X 8079 | WATERLOO | CAMBRIDGE | Margaret St. | 40P08 | 17 | 552050, 4805300 | * | NP | | 18 | X 8080 | WATERLOO | CAMBRIDGE | Lawrence St. | 40P08 | 17 | 552350, 4805000 | * | A7 | | 14 | X 8081 | WATERLOO | CAMBRIDGE | Beaverdale Rd. | 40P08 | 17 | 554150, 4807750 | 1973 | A7 | | 26 | X 8082 | WATERLOO | KITCHENER | Lorne Cr. | 40P08 | 17 | 540925, 4809225 | * | A7 | | 26 | X 8084 | WATERLOO | KITCHENER | Mausser Park | 40P08 | 17 | 540850, 4809350 | * | NP | | 27 | X 8085 | WATERLOO | KITCHENER | Victoria St. | 40P07 | 17 | 539875, 4810200 | * | A7 | | 25 | X 8086 | WATERLOO | KITCHENER | Kent Ave. | 40P08 | 17 | 542100, 4809800 | * | A7 | | 25 | X 8087 | WATERLOO | KITCHENER | Hurst Ave. | 40P08 | 17 | 542075, 4809700 | * | A7 | | 25 | X 8088 | WATERLOO | KITCHENER | Palmer Ave. | 40P08 | 17 | 541925, 4809700 | * | A7 | | 27 | X 8089 | WATERLOO | KITCHENER | Queens Blvd. | 40P07 | 17 | 539550, 4808750 | * | A7 | | 28 | X 8090 | WATERLOO | KITCHENER | Queenmount Public School | 40P07 | 17 | 539300, 4808750 | * | A7 | | 22 | X 8091 | WATERLOO | KITCHENER | Kinzie Ave. | 40P08 | 17 | 545400, 4808725 | * | NP | | 26 | X 8092 | WATERLOO | KITCHENER | Coral Cres. | 40P08 | 17 | 540600, 4808975 | * | NP | | 26 | X 8093 | WATERLOO | KITCHENER | Glen Rd. | 40P07 | 17 | 540450, 4809125 | * | A7 | | 21 | X 8094 | WATERLOO | KITCHENER | Jansen Ave. | 40P08 | 17 | 540400, 4808725 | * | A7 | | 28 | X 8095 | WATERLOO | KITCHENER | Kane St. | 40P07 | 17 | 538625, 4808700 | * | A7 | | 28 | X 8096 | WATERLOO | KITCHENER | Weichelt St. | 40P07 | 17 | 538900, 4809650 | * | A7 | | 31 | X 8097 | WATERLOO | WOOLWICH | First St. | 40P10 | 17 | 536325, 4826400 | * | A7 | | 8 | A 140105 | WELLINGTON | GUELPH | 3 | 2DIVB | | 557510, 4815500 | 1977 | A1 | | 47 | A 170107 | WELLINGTON | GUELPH | Eastview Rd. | 40P09 | 17 | 519048, 4825250 | * | A7 | | 68 | A 170401 | WELLINGTON | MOUNT FOREST | 3 | 12 | | 519940, 4867325 | 1970 | A7 | | 47 | A 170601 | WELLINGTON | ARTHUR | Preston St. | 40P15 | 17 | 536050, 4853075 | 1970 | A7 | | 31 | A 171002 | WELLINGTON | ERIN | March & Hwy. 24 | 40P16 | 17 | 575300, 4846150 | 1971 | NP | | 7 | A 171501 | WELLINGTON | GUELPH | 2 | 2DIVB | | 558580, 4816550 | 1975 | A4 | | 65 | A 171802 | WELLINGTON | MINTO | PT 21 Farm; in Village of Minto | 40P15 | 17 | 518180, 4854100 | 1972 | A5 | | 65 | A 171802 | WELLINGTON | PALMERSTON | 21 | 1 | | 512240, 4851200 | 1971 | A7 | | 8 | X 175501 | WELLINGTON | PUSLINCH | 30 | 8 | | 517540, 4811125 | 1975 | B7 | | 10 | X 0100 | WELLINGTON | PUSLINCH | 5 | 2 | | 559400, 4808525 | 1972 | NP | | 14 | X 0102 | WELLINGTON | ERAMOSA | 5 | 5 | | 569150, 4829700 | 1964 | NP | | 29 | X 0103 | WELLINGTON | ERIN | 15 | 8 | | 573900, 4844200 | 1950 | NP | | 34 | X 0105 | WELLINGTON | GARAFRAKX, WEST | 20-21 | 6 | | 548825, 4845775 | 1967 | B8 | | 48 | X 0106 | WELLINGTON | DRAYTON | Mills St. | 40P15 | 17 | 526400, 4844500 | 1966 | NP | | 10 | X 8098 | WELLINGTON | GUELPH | Riverside Park | 40P09 | 17 | 558800, 4823675 | * | A7 | | 6 | X 8099 | WELLINGTON | GUELPH | Boult Ave. | 40P09 | 17 | 562275, 4821425 | * | A7 | | 6 | X 8100 | WELLINGTON | GUELPH | Wellington St. | 40P09 | 17 | 560525, 4820375 | * | A7 | | 6 | X 8101 | WELLINGTON | GUELPH | Wellington & Waterloo | 40P09 | 17 | 560400, 4820400 | * | A7 | | 28 | X 8104 | WELLINGTON | FERGUS | Beatty Line | 40P09 | 17 | 549050, 4838450 | 1970 | A1 | | 69 | X 8106 | WELLINGTON | MOUNT FOREST | Martin St. | 40P15 | 17 | 520500, 4868280 | 1970 | A7 | | 29 | X 8108 | WELLINGTON | ELORA | 19 | 13 | | 545125, 4837225 | 1970 | A7 | | 54 | X 8109 | WELLINGTON | MARYBOROUGH | 10 | 8 | | 523500, 4849750 | 1974 | NP | | 72 | X 8110 | WELLINGTON | HARRISTON | William St. | 40P15 | 17 | 509800, 4861860 | 1971 | A7 | 27 March 2019 GM Blue Plan Engineering Limited 650 Woodlawn Road West Block C, Unit 2 Guelph, ON N1K 1S8 RE: 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON Thank you for your inquiry requesting a search of records from the Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP). The MECP encourages you to use the available on-line resources to access publically-available information which may assist with your inquiry. The MECP’s Access Environment is an on-line, map-based search tool designed to allow the public, quick and easy access to MECP approvals and registration information from December 1999 onward. Access Environment currently displays Environmental Compliance Approvals (ECA), Renewable Energy Approvals (REA) and registrations on the Environmental Activity and Sector Registry (EASR). ECAs include all Certificates of Approval (CofAs) previously issued under the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) and approvals previously issued under s.53 of the Ontario Water Resources Act (OWRA). You can access this information from the MECP website or at the following link: www.accessenvironment.ene.gov.on.ca/AEWeb/ae/GoSearch.action?search=basic&lang=en Copies of ECAs prior to 1999 can be obtained through a request to the ministry’s Information Unit at the Environmental Approvals, Access and Service Integration Branch – the form is available at: http://www.ontario.ca/environment-and-energy/request-copy-environmental-compliance-approval Additional site information related to the location of landfill sites in the province can be found at the following link: http://www.ontario.ca/environment-and-energy/small-landfill-sites http://www.ontario.ca/environment-and-energy/map-large-landfill-sites For information on Records of Site Condition filed on the Environmental Site Registry since October 1, 2004, please use the following link: http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/environment/en/subject/brownfields/STDPROD_075742.html The MECP’s Hazardous Waste Information Network (HWIN) can also be accessed to search for information on generators, carriers, and receivers of subject waste in the province at the following link: www.hwin.ca The MECP’s Environmental Compliance Reports provide information about contaminant discharges to water and emissions to air that exceed limits found in legislation, environmental approvals, orders and/or policies/guidelines and can be accessed at the following link: http://www.ontario.ca/environment-and-energy/environmental-compliance-reports Information on environmental penalties, which are monetary penalties that can be imposed by the MECP for some industrial spills, can be assessed at the following link: http://www.ontario.ca/government/search-results?query=Environmental+penalties&op=Search Additional ministry information can be accessed through the Government of Ontario’s Open Data Catalogue: http://www.ontario.ca/government/open-data-ontario There are NO orders in our database registered to this property or property owner. The MECP also encourages you to consider best practices and standards of care used within the legal community and through your associations as a guide to obtaining information related to specific property for any legal purpose. We trust this information will help meet your requirements quickly and effectively. Thank you for your inquiry. Magdelene Flynn District Administrative Assistant February 22, 2019 Joanna Olesiuk GM BluePlan Engineering Ltd. 2 - 650 Woodlawn Rd W, Block 'C' Guelph, ON N1K 1B8 Dear Joanna Olesiuk: RE: Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act Request Our File # A-2019-00662, Your Reference 118170-1 This letter is in response to your request made pursuant to the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act relating to 1871 and 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph. After a thorough search through the files of the Ministry’s Guelph District Office, West-Central Regional Office, Investigations and Enforcement Branch, Environmental Assessment and Permissions Branch, Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Sector Compliance Branch and Safe Drinking Water Branch, no records were located responsive to your request. To provide you with this response and in accordance with Section 57 of the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, the fee owed is $30.00 for 1 hour of search time @ $30.00 per hour. We have applied the $30.00 for this request from your initial payment. This file is now closed. You may request a review of my decision by contacting the Information and Privacy Commissioner/Ontario, 2 Bloor Street East, Suite 1400, Toronto, ON M4W 1A8 (800-387-0073 or 416-326-3333). Please note that there is a $25.00 fee and you only have 30 days from receipt of this letter to request a review. If you have any questions regarding this matter, please contact Junyi Cai at 416-314-4075 or [email protected]. Yours truly, [Signature] Janet Dadufalza Manager, Access and Privacy APPENDIX E: Technical Standards and Safety Authority Good Morning, Our records indicate that the tank is a “Single Wall Horizontal AST” tank. With regards to Private Fuel Outlets/Tanks, please note the following: The Technical Standards and Safety Act and associated regulations do not require the registration of private fuel outlets. Nor does it require that any documentation on these facilities be submitted to or reviewed or approved by TSSA. As a result, TSSA has limited information on these facilities. TSSA cautions that any information provided may be inaccurate, incomplete or out of date. Warm regards, Connie Hill | Public Information Agent Facilities 345 Carlingview Drive Toronto, Ontario M9W 6N9 Tel: +1-416-734-3383 | Fax: +1-416-231-6183 | E-Mail: [email protected] www.tssa.org From: Joanna Olesiuk - GM BluePlan <[email protected]> Sent: February 1, 2019 1:57 PM To: Public Information Services <[email protected]> Subject: RE: 118170-1 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON Good Afternoon, Thank you so much for checking Yalini. Does the record state if the tanks were aboveground or underground? Thanks again and have a great weekend. Joanna Olesiuk, M.A.Sc., C. Tech. Senior Technical Specialist GM BluePlan Engineering Limited 650 Woodlawn Road West, Block C, Unit 2 | Guelph ON N1K 1B8 t: 519.824.8150 ext. 1253 | c: 519.239.3160 [email protected] | www.gmblueplan.ca Hello Joanna, I have double checked and we still have record of the below mentioned private fuel outlet and fuel tank (active status) at 1820 Gordon Street, Guelph. As per our database, the two records are associated with ‘THE PERGOLA DRIVE INN’. Regards, Yalini Hello Yalini, Thank you so much for this information. I was wondering if you could please double check on this record. This address no longer exists in the City, it used to be for a business which operated into early 2000’s (the Pergola Gold Centre (Driving Range, mini golf and restaurant business)) and the property has since has been redeveloped into commercial plaza (under collective address of 63 Clair Road East) so just wondering about this record. Thank you. Joanna Olesiuk, M.A.Sc., C. Tech. Senior Technical Specialist GM BluePlan Engineering Limited 650 Woodlawn Road West, Block C, Unit 2 | Guelph ON N1K 1B8 t: 519.824.8150 ext. 1253 | c: 519.239.3160 [email protected] | www.gmblueplan.ca Hello Joanna, Thank you for your request for confirmation of public information. I have searched the below noted addresses and I have located the following record: | Inst Number | Context | Address | City | Province | Postal Code | Status | |-------------|--------------------------------|-------------|--------|----------|-------------|--------| | 10337096 | FS PRIVATE FUEL OUTLET - SELF SERVE | 1820 GORDON ST | GUELPH | ON | N1L 1G6 | Active | | 11642722 | FS LIQUID FUEL TANK | 1820 GORDON ST | GUELPH | ON | N1L 1G6 | Active | For a further search in our archives, or for copies of documents, please complete our release of public information form found at https://www.tssa.org/en/about-tssa/release-of-public-information.aspx?mid=392 and email the completed form to [email protected] or through mail along with the appropriate fee. TSSA’s fee schedule can be found at: https://www.tssa.org/en/about-tssa/resources/Documents/Public-Information-Fee-Schedule_Jan_2018.pdf. The fee is payable with credit card (Visa or MasterCard) or with a Cheque made payable to TSSA. Although TSSA believes the information provided pursuant to your request is accurate, please note that TSSA does not warrant this information in any way whatsoever. Kind regards, Yalini Yalini Kanagendran | Public Information Agent Facilities 345 Carlingview Drive Toronto, Ontario M5W 6N9 Tel: +1-416-734-3449 | Fax: +1-416-231-6183 | E-Mail: [email protected] www.tssa.org From: Joanna Olesiuk - GM BluePlan <[email protected]> Sent: January 28, 2019 2:18 PM To: Public Information Services <[email protected]> Subject: 118170-1 Gordon Street, Guelph, ON Good Afternoon, I would like to request a file search of TSSA records regarding aboveground or underground fuel (gasoline, diesel, oil, waste oil etc.) storage tanks, or any other TSSA matters at the properties at the following address in Guelph, Ontario. 1879 Gordon Street, 1897 Gordon Street, 1861 Gordon Street, 1839 Gordon Street, 1820 Gordon Street, Thank you. Joanna Olesiuk, M.A.Sc., C. Tech. Senior Technical Specialist GM BluePlan Engineering Limited 650 Woodlawn Road West, Block C, Unit 2 | Guelph ON N1K 1B8 t: 519.824.8150 ext. 1263 | c: 519.239.3160 [email protected] | www.gmblueplan.ca NOTICE - This message from GM BluePlan Engineering Limited is intended only for the use of the individual or entity to which it is addressed and may contain information which is privileged, confidential or proprietary. Internet communications cannot be guaranteed to be secure or error-free as information could be intercepted, corrupted, lost, arrive late or contain viruses. By communicating with us via e-mail, you accept such risks. When addressed to our clients, any information, drawings, opinions or advice (collectively, "information") contained in this e-mail is subject to the terms and conditions expressed in the governing agreements. Where no such agreement exists, the recipient shall neither rely upon nor disclose to others, such information without our written consent. Unless otherwise agreed, we do not assume any liability with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the information set out in this e-mail. If you have received this message in error, please notify us immediately by return e-mail and delete the message from your computer systems. This electronic message and any attached documents are intended only for the named recipients. This communication from the Technical Standards and Safety Authority may contain information that is privileged, confidential or otherwise protected from disclosure and it must not be disclosed, copied, forwarded or distributed without authorization. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete the original message. This electronic message and any attached documents are intended only for the named recipients. This communication from the Technical Standards and Safety Authority may contain information that is privileged, confidential or otherwise protected from disclosure and it must not be disclosed, copied, forwarded or distributed without authorization. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete the original message. This electronic message and any attached documents are intended only for the named recipients. This communication from the Technical Standards and Safety Authority may contain information that is privileged, confidential or otherwise protected from disclosure and it must not be disclosed, copied, forwarded or distributed without authorization. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete the original message. Hello Joanna, Thank you for your inquiry. I have searched our database and can confirm that the incident at 1879 Gordon Street, Guelph (Incident No. 243962) is a pipeline/natural gas incident. We confirm that there are no records in our database of any fuel storage tanks/retail facilities (ex. gas station) at the subject address. Although TSSA believes the information provided pursuant to your request is accurate, please note that TSSA does not warrant this information in any way whatsoever. Kind regards, Yalini Yalini Kanagendran | Public Information Agent Facilities 345 Carlingview Drive Toronto, Ontario M9W 6N9 Tel: +1-416-734-3449 | Fax: +1-416-231-6183 | E-Mail: [email protected] www.tssa.org APPENDIX F: City of Guelph Zoning Information CITY OF GUELPH BY-LAW (1995) - 14864 As last amended by By-law (2016) - 20036 SCHEDULE 'A' Produced by the City of Guelph Planning Services CITY OF GUELPH BY-LAW (1995) - 14864 As last amended by By-law (2010) - 19063 SCHEDULE 'A' Produced by the City of Guelph Community Design and Development Services, Planning Services APPENDIX G: Selected Site Photographs Photograph 1: View of the 1871 Gordon Street property from Gordon Street, looking south. Photograph 2: View of the 1879 Gordon Street property from Gordon Street, looking south. Photograph 3: View of the rear of the 1879 Gordon Street residence, looking northeast. Photograph 4: View of the rear of the 1871 Gordon Street residence, looking southeast. Photograph 5: View inside the utility room, 1871 Gordon Street residence. Photograph 6: View inside the furnace room, 1871 Gordon Street residence. Photograph 7: View inside the well equipment room, 1879 Gordon Street residence. Photograph 8: View inside the laundry room, 1879 Gordon Street residence.

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Discover and enjoy Torroella de Montgrí and l'Estartit Torroella · l'Estartit · illes Medes www.visitestartit.com ## Situation ### Credits Edited by: Ajuntament de Torroella de Montgrí Address: plaça de la Vila, 1 - 17257 Torroella de Montgrí Coordinated by: Àrea de Turisme Graphic design and layout: dafont comunicació creativa Photographs made by: Toni León, Àlex Lorente, Alex Soler, Dani Escrig i Rosa Mayordomo, Josep Pasqual, Jordi Garrero i Farrux de l’Ajuntament de Torroella de Montgrí. Page 9: painting of Josep Maria Mascort. Printed by: Norgprint, SA Legal Deposit: GI-452-2011 Torroella de Montgrí – L’Estartit, embodies the very essence of its county, the Baix Empordà. Torroella de Montgrí is a former royal town located at the foot of the calcareous Montgrí Massif, surrounded by crop fields and vegetable gardens irrigated by the final stretches of the River Ter. L’Estartit, on the coast, is one of the best tourist resorts on the Costa Brava, with the Mediterranean Sea and the Medes Islands as a backdrop to its unbeatable setting. Blue sea meets Nature’s green in this privileged environment. Carall Bernat Islet, one of the Medes islands Montgrí Castle is 302 metres above sea level. Travel back through time in the blink of an eye. Torroella de Montgrí is a town with personality, and is an ideal place to spend an enjoyable stay at any time of the year. Visitors can picture the different periods of history that have left their mark on the town from architectural vestiges that make us travel back through time in the blink of an eye. The main streets of Torroella all converge on Plaça de la Vila, the lively Monday morning marketplace, the departure point for street parades announcing forthcoming entertainment, and an ideal stage for traditional sardana dancing. Its excellent acoustics make this the perfect open-air venue for summer concerts during the prestigious annual International Music Festival. The Plaça de la Vila is a porticoed square with irregularly shaped arches combining to form a pleasing whole. By standing under each of the arches in turn, the visitor will perceive curiously different aspects of the square. A relaxing stroll around old Torroella will allow you to savour all the charm of this town. The whimsical layout of its narrow streets, the impressive medieval centre, the rich cultural life, the friendly shops and the affable character of the people will make you enjoy your stay with us all the more. **Itinerary through Torroella** - 01 Museum of the Mediterranean - 02 Plaça de la Vila - 03 Cloister of the Agustine monastery - 04 Palau Solterra - 05 Fundació Mascort - 06 A Further up there are also two houses from the 16th and 17th centuries: the Bataller House at number 19 and the Seguer House at number 31. There is also a 19th-century colonial-style mansion, the Comas House. - 06 B - 06 C - 07 Passeig de l’Església - 08 Palau lo Mirador - 09 Church of Sant Genís - 10 Santa Caterina Gateway - 11 Torre de les Bruixes (“Witches’ tower”) - 12 Plaça d’Albert de Quintana i Combis Recommended starting point Montgrí Castle is today the symbol of Torroella de Montgrí. The uncompleted fortress was built between 1294 and 1301 to flaunt the superiority of King Jaume II over the local Counts of Empúries, and affords excellent views of the spectacular surrounding landscape. From the top of one of its towers there is a 360º panoramic view of the whole Empordà area. By looking northwards and turning slowly in an anti-clockwise direction you will see the Bay of Roses, Empúries, Canigó Massif, the Pyrenees, Montseny Massif, the Gavarres Mountains, the Baix Ter and l’Estartit Bay with the Medes Islands. **Suggested itinerary** Montgrí Castle, Santa Caterina hermitage, Cau del Duc cave. Departure from Torroella de Montgrí. Leave your car in the car park and continue on foot from Plaça del Lledoner. Go up Carrer de Fàtima, and at the end of this street you will see a sign indicating Montgrí Castle. From here on, follow the red and white markings on stones along the way. When you reach the large cross, you can either continue on down through the valley towards Santa Caterina hermitage or follow the path up to the right until you get to the castle. About 50 m before the top, you will see an indication to Cau del Duc cave. Panoramic view of the Empordà! Vista of Canigó, Montseny and Gavarres mountain ranges from the top, with the Medes islands nearby. Our municipality boasts a rich and varied cultural life, with music as the most present of all the arts. Our musical heritage comes from way back and we can be truly proud of this rich tradition. The town has a comprehensive annual programme of musical recitals, concerts and sardana dancing, as well as the prestigious summer International Music Festival. It is also a town of painters, sculptors, writers and photographers, with a dynamic cultural scene that has attracted several private foundations and art galleries: Vila Casas Foundation, Mascort Foundation, Michael Dunev Art Projects, Atrium Roca Sans and Traç d’Art (l’Estartit), and municipal spaces such as St Anthony’s Chapel in Torroella and the Municipal Exhibition Hall in l’Estartit. Art, music and heritage place Torroella de Montgrí and l’Estartit among the major cultural destinations of Catalonia. The Museum of the Mediterranean opens its doors for you to discover and explore the Mediterranean area, taking the Montgrí Massif, the Baix Ter Plain and the Medes Islands as the starting point. A hands-on experience, inviting young and old alike to breathe in the aromas of the Mediterranean, listen to its sounds and its music, get in touch with its history and enjoy a panoramic audiovisual on the Mediterranean area today. The Museum also houses the Interpretation Centre for the Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Nature Park. The Museum of the Mediterranean provides a clear example of our commitment to local culture. Since 2003, its aim is to interpret, disseminate and protect the natural and historic legacy of the Montgrí Massif, the Baix Ter and the Medes Islands. Discover the history of l'Estartit L'Estartit is a privileged place. The variety of different landscapes, the long beach, and the tourism, shopping and leisure opportunities make this Costa Brava area an ideal spot for enjoying pleasant, comfortable holidays at any time of the year. Strolling through the narrow streets or along lively Carrer de Santa Anna, visitors can imagine the pace of life in former times, the seafaring traditions, the old sailors' taverns and the picturesque processions on religious feast days that can still be seen today. Rediscover the history of a seafaring town and stroll around the main places that made l'Estartit into one of the major fishing towns on the Costa Brava. Enjoy a pleasant stroll around l'Estartit and find out about the history and age-old traditions of this fishing village. The Medes Islands archipelago is part of the Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Nature Park. The beauty of the archipelago can be seen from the coast. Major flora and fauna reserve. The Medes archipelago, with seven islets and a surface area of about 23 hectares, is located just a mile off the coast in front of l’Estartit beach. The Medes Islands are today one of the most important marine flora and fauna reserves in the western Mediterranean, as well as being a popular scuba diving destination. Twenty years of protection have brought about a spectacular recovery of the wealth of the seabed, the marine environment and the islands themselves. Companies operating in the area offer attractive trips in glass-bottomed boats around the islands and along the equally stunning Montgrí coast. The wide range of water and underwater activities available must comply with the regulations that have enabled the preservation of this natural space. Coves and beaches Fine sandy beaches, peaceful coves and spectacular cliffs. In l'Estartit, you can enjoy the sun and the beach, rambling and hiking, Nature Park itineraries, leisure activities and water sports for all the family. Fine sand, shallow waters, peace and quiet... Resting at a cove after a walk La foradada Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Nature Park Our municipality's quality brand is Nature, whose ageless generosity can be seen in mountain, valley, river, orchards, wetlands, beaches, coves, dunes and islands. With the passing of time, the equilibrium between man and the land has become fragile, and we have had to provide the means to restore this precious balance. The newly created Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Nature Park is now making this possible. Torroella de Montgrí includes 68% of the total Nature Park area of 8192 hectares (23% marine area and 77% land area). The new Nature Park highlights interesting features of the Montgrí area, the Medes Islands and the Baix Ter wetlands, and has ensured the future of the landscape, the land and marine habitats, and the cultural heritage of the area. Project of Montgrí, Medes islands and Baix Ter Natur Park O-1 e. 1:25.000 Boundaries and types of protection (Topography) Generalitat de Catalunya Departament de Medi Ambient i Habitatge Direcció General del Medi Natural Març 2010 Sistema d'informació ambiental de Catalunya Cartografia de referència: Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Nature Park Passeig del Port, s/n (espigó de Llevant) 17258 L'Estartit Tel. +34 972 75 17 01 Fax +34 972 75 20 04 [email protected] www.gencat.cat/parc/illes_medes/ 17 itineraries through the park and a wide variety of natural and cultural landscapes Where can we find information on the Nature Park? You will find interesting suggestions for exploring the local nature spaces at the Museum of the Mediterranean information desk and at the Tourist Offices in l’Estartit and Torroella de Montgrí. Itineraries are available to help you find your way round the Montgrí, Medes Islands and Baix Ter Nature Park and enjoy the natural landscapes with their thousand-year-old cultural legacy. SPORT and leisure what can we do? An ideal environment for enjoying many different sports Kitesurf Diving at the Medes Islands 20 The rich variety of landscapes in our territory offers visitors a wide range of sport and leisure activities. The network of hiking, cycling and ATB trails is now one of the star attractions of our tourist amenities; pleasant walks and guided visits are other ways to discover the beauty spots in the area. The Medes Islands and the unspoiled coast of the Montgrí Massif are a true paradise. The different water depths provide diving opportunities for both amateurs and professionals, and a unique display of colours... meadows of Neptune grass, forests of gorgonia, corals, grouper, lobster and many other species. Diving centres and leisure activity firms offer a range of options, including dives, snorkelling and trips in glass-bottomed boats. The marina is located right beside the town centre, ideal for all types of maritime activities (sailing, kayaking, kite-surfing) as well as international sailing and underwater contests and competitions. L’Estartit-Medes Islands Water Sports Resort encompasses accommodation, restaurants, shops as well as companies offering sports and watersports activities. Many different sport and leisure activities offer you maximum enjoyment during your stay. For further information: www.enestartit.com. shopping and cuisine "Cooking with Apples" (in October) Torroella market on the streets and squares in the town centre Nearby shops, homemade products, friendly service and a cordial atmosphere: visitors will find a wide range of shopping opportunities in both the old and new districts of Torroella, and in the areas around Carrer de Santa Anna, Passeig Marítim and Avinguda de Grècia in l'Estartit. Long-established weekly markets are held every Monday in Torroella and every Thursday in l'Estartit. The lively stalls selling fruit, vegetables, good-quality organic products, clothes and traditional utensils attract crowds to enjoy this time-honoured activity. Good meals, home cooking, creative cuisine, enthusiastic restaurants serving a wide range of homemade dishes to suit all tastes ... our local fare has found its place on the Catalan Gastronomic Calendar with “Shellfish: A Taste of the Sea” in June and “Cooking with Apples” in October. Enjoy typical local products at the many restaurants in the area “Shellfish: A Taste of the Sea” (in June) Fairs and festivals have always played a vital role in our local culture, and this legacy has been handed down to us in the present day, with time-honoured fairs and festivals, fiestas and street parties, sardana dancing, sea shanty concerts, parades of traditional “giants”, maritime processions, and everything else that gives a town its personality and identifies it with its roots. Other more innovative festivals are slowly but surely attracting their own public: Mediterranean Fair, Comic Book Festival, Beatles Weekend and Medes Islands Pirates and Corsairs. **Calendar of fairs and festivals** **Torroella de Montgrí - l'Estartit** - Parade of the Three Wise Men | 5th and 6th January - Carnival - Saint George's Day | 23rd April - Catalonia National Day | 11th September **Torroella de Montgrí** - Saint Genesius' Day | 25th August - Saint Caterines Day | 25th November - Saint Andrew's Fair | Last weekend of November **l'Estartit** - Saint John's Eve | 23rd June - Carmel Festival | 16th July - Saint Anna's Day | 26th July - Saint Lucia | 13th December **Other festivals** **Torroella de Montgrí - l'Estartit** - Mediterranean Fair | May - Comic Book Festival | June **Torroella de Montgrí** - International Music Festival | July and August **l'Estartit** - Medes Island Image and Environment - MIMA | June - Beatles Weekend | July - Medes Islands Pirates and Corsairs | September The schedule of activities may be subject to change. You consult always www.visitestartit.com The municipality is firmly committed to ensuring the quality of its tourism services by means of internationally recognised systems and certificates: **Quality certificates for our beaches:** - “Q” | Quality Tourism Certificate - ISO 9001 | Quality Management System - ISO 14001 | Environmental Management System - EMAS | Environmental Management System **Quality certificates for our destination** - DTF | The Family Tourism Destination certificate guarantees that the tourism on offer is adapted to family requirements, with a large variety of leisure and entertainment options available. - SICTED | Comprehensive Quality System for Tourist Destinations Torroella de Montgrí Torroella de Montgrí and l’Estartit Town Hall www.torroella-estartit.cat Museum of the Mediterranean www.museudelamediterrania.cat Torroella de Montgrí International Music Festival www.festivaldotorroella.com Montgrí Comerc www.montricomerc.com L'Estartit Conseil Municipal de l'Estartit www.torroella-estartit.cat Nautical Station l'Estartit-illes Medes www.enestarlit.com Montgrí, Medes islands and Baix Ter Natur Park www.gencat.cat/pars/illes_medes To obtain more information and the details of the companies and services offering activities in l'Estartit and Torroella, please contact: L'Estartit Tourist Office Passeig Marítim, s/n · 17258 l'Estartit Tel. +34 972 75 19 10 · Fax +34 972 75 17 49 [email protected] www.visitestartit.com Torroella de Montgrí Tourist Office Carrer d'Ullà, 31 · 17257 Torroella de Montgrí Tel. +34 972 75 51 80 · Fax +34 972 75 51 82 [email protected] www.museudelamediterrania.cat Ajuntament de Torroella de Montgrí Consell Municipal de l'Estartit G! Costa Brava CATALUNYA

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INNER HEBRIDES & ORKNEY WHOLE SYSTEM UNCERTAINTY MECHANISM 19th October 2023 AGENDA • Introductions – 5mins • Setting the scene – 10mins • Taking a whole system approach – 10mins • High level options – 10mins • Next steps – 5mins SETTING THE SCENE Landel Johnston, Head of RIIO-ED2 Non-Load, CBRM Lead SSEN OVERVIEW OUR DISTRIBUTION NETWORK AT A GLANCE - Over 3.9 million homes and businesses - More than 888,000 customers on our Priority Services Register - Over 128,000 km of overhead lines and underground cables - Over 460 km of subsea cables powering our island communities - Over 4,100 employees across the country Figures as at October 2023 SHEPD overview - Underground cables: 18,943 km - Overhead lines: 30,209 km - Customers: 782,536 - PSR customers: 156,938 - Island communities: 59 islands served by 111 subsea cables SHEPD Scottish Hydro Electric Power Distribution Plc SEPD Southern Electric Power Distribution Plc The Orkney Islands are supplied by SSEN’s Distribution network from Thurso South GSP via two 33kV circuits. The 33kV circuits consist of overhead lines, underground cables and subsea cables. The 33kV network on the Orkney islands is fed from Scorradale GSP, connecting the various islands through a mixture of ring and radial circuits. There is currently no Transmission network on the islands. To ensure security of supplies in the event of the loss of either of the 33kV circuits feeding the islands, SSE Networks Distribution owns and operates Kirkwall Diesel Power Station to manage the demand on the islands in fault scenarios. 24 local generators are currently distribution-connected via an Active Network Management (ANM) system to ensure that the network is kept within rated capacity. There are also a number of Primary substations on the islands that support the 11kV network. The islands of Kerrera and Mull, are supplied by SSEN’s Distribution network via two 33kV circuits from Tullich Switching Station, near Oban. The 33kV circuits consist of overhead lines, underground cables and subsea cables. There is also a third 33kV supply to the islands that connects to the Fort William network, acting as a backup supply in fault scenarios. There is no Transmission network on the island group. A 33kV ring operates on the isle of Mull which supports a number of Primary substations (Lochdonhead, Salen, Dervaig, & Kinloch). These in turn support the isles of Iona, Ulva, Coll and Tiree via the 11kV network. These networks are radially fed, and similarly consist of overhead lines, underground cables and subsea cables. SSEN Distribution also own and operate a 2.7MW Diesel Power Station on Tiree to support the Tiree and Coll in the event of a fault on the 11kV network. The isles of Jura and Islay are supplied by SSE Networks’ Distribution network from Port Ann GSP by a single 33kV circuit out of Lochgilphead switching station. This radial circuit consists of overhead lines, underground cables and subsea cables. The isle of Colonsay is supplied by a single 11kV circuit out of Port Askaig Primary. There is no transmission network on the island group. The 33kV radial circuit on the island group supports five 11kV Primary substations. Lussagiven and Tarbet Primaries on Jura and Port Askaig, Bowmore and Port Ellen Primaries on Islay. This network is made up of a composition of underground cables and overhead lines. SSEN Distribution also own and operate a 6MW Diesel Power Station at Bowmore on Islay to support demand on the island and provide redundancy in the event of a fault on the 33kV / 11kV network. DRIVERS FOR CHANGE Asset condition – many of the sub-sea cables are around 40 years old and there have been a number of recent faults on similar vintage cables. Diesel generators – these are a significant source of carbon emissions for SSE and need to be decarbonised by 2035. Load growth – electrification of heat, transport and industrial processes will increase demand on the islands. Generation growth – the Inner Hebrides, Orkney and surrounding waters have significant potential for wind, tidal and other generation technologies. System resilience – repairs to cable faults can take a significant period of time and there is a need to ensure we are able to keep the lights on to island communities particularly as diesel generators are phased out. ## THE JOURNEY TO DATE | Aspect | Recap | |---------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | History, and driver for HOWSUM mechanism | • In our ED2 Business Plan, we proposed targeted investments in 15 subsea cables with the greatest needs case. In addition, we proposed several strategic upgrades, with three new cables between Skye and Uist, and Pentland Firth West to Orkney proposed. • In April 2022, we agreed with Ofgem to transfer a number of these strategic upgrades (including one of the Skye to Uist cables), to be funded instead under the HOWSUM pending additional whole system analysis for island groups. In Final Determinations, Ofgem removed the second Skye to Uist cable from our baseline, also to be funded through HOWSUM. We received an allowance in our baseline to start work on HOWSUM cables. | | Underlying drivers for island investment | • Primarily proactive cable replacement where appropriate, taking account of asset age, health index and criticality scores, as well as enabling sustainable security of supply in a net zero world. | | Regulatory provision | • Two re-opener windows: (1) January 2024, (2) January 2025 • Broad eligibility scope encompassing investment in cables and other means of securing of supply in the Hebrides and Orkney (and potentially wider geographic area), where underpinned and justified on the basis of whole system analysis. | Orkney 220kV HVAC link overview Finstown Substation • 220/132kV AC Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) transmission substation including 132/33kV transformers for the Finstown Grid Supply Point (GSP) • Planning consent granted for the substation Single Cable Circuit from Finstown to Dounreay • 14km underground cable to the Finstown Substation • 53km submarine cable reaching landfall near Warebeth Mainland Dounreay West Substation • 275/220kV substation connecting to the nearby existing Dounreay Substation Energisation planned 2028 For further information please visit: ssen-transmission.co.uk/projects TAKING A WHOLE SYSTEM APPROACH Andy Wainwright, Whole System Manager • Work carried out by NERA estimates that taking a strategic approach to investment could create a societal benefit to our customers of £1.1bn by 2050. • ESC estimate four times the number of Local Authorities are now developing energy plans compared to two years ago • Ofgem has recognised the need at transmission and introduced the new Accelerated Strategic Transmission Investment (ASTI) framework. Distribution should seek to meet the same aims, with a distribution specific solution. • RIIO-ED2 introduced potential funding routes for anticipatory investment through Uncertainty Mechanisms, but without clarity on how such investment should be defined and justified. Strategic investment enables enhanced capacity on the Distribution System to be deployed in the short term in anticipation of expected longer term need. There are several benefits of strategic investment; - Quicker connections for developers of demand and generation - Development and delivery efficiencies; doing work once rather than multiple times, and giving supply chains sufficient visibility to tool up - Reduced carbon costs through connection of zero carbon generation We need to consider the future needs of the networks both for generation and demand. We also need to consider long term energy resilience for the islands. High level options need to consider a wide range of solutions to ensure we are developing an efficient and robust network for the future these include; - Development of the distribution network to provide resilience and capacity - Extension of the transmission system if required to provide greater capacity and resilience - Use of non-network options including repowering / replacing diesel generators, or introducing long term storage - Use of flexibility services to manage peaks and troughs in demand DEVELOPING HIGH LEVEL OPTIONS Andy Harvey, Strategic Network Development Engineer OPTIONEERING STRUCTURE 01 Future energy requirements on islands; potential Regen work 02 High level options 03 Credible options technically assessed 04 Cost-benefit analysis of technically feasible options 05 Proposed solution There are a number of underlying assumptions that are common to the way we develop options for Scottish Islands; - Network investment requirements could be distribution or transmission depending on future needs. - Flexibility can be used to defer or reduce the need for investment in networks. Additionally, the transmission 220kV HVAC circuit to Orkney will commission and be available from 2028. We have taken a high-level qualitative assessment of the drivers for change and assessed the need case for each driver. | Driver | Timescale required | Breadth of options available | Certainty of need | |-------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------| | Asset replacement | Asset condition information indicates cables are life expired and need replacement in x years | Network will be needed to islands; uncertainty around capacity needed. | Need case is clear. | | Diesel generation replacement | Replacement by 2035 at latest | Range of options available including repowering diesels and storage. Also potential for additional network resilience. | Need case is clear. | | Demand growth | Need to consider demand requirements to 2045 | Uncertainty around capacity needed. | Need case can be based from DFES projections. Does carry some uncertainty. | | Generation growth | Need to consider generation requirements to 2045 | Uncertainty around capacity needed. | Need case less clear though there are DFES projections. | | Continued resilience | To be in place ahead of potential diesel generation replacement | Range of options available including repowering diesels and storage. Also potential for additional network resilience. | Need case is clear | MANAGING UNCERTAINTY – UNDERSTANDING LONG TERM DEMAND AND GENERATION REQUIREMENTS - DFES forecasts the growth of different technologies across the distribution network - These forecasts are used to justify network investment - Ensures the network is ready for the connection of LCTs, DERs, Generation etc. - The Whole System team works with Local Authorities to support development of local area energy plans across our licence areas - These plans are used to inform the DFES, improve the quality of growth forecasts, facilitate anticipatory investment in the network - North of Scotland round-table held on 11th October. Feedback and input is currently being collated to help inform our 2022 DFES. - This will be further informed by the insights we obtained from our dedicated Islands roundtable on 10th October. Options under consideration for future needs of the Inner Hebrides and Orkney; - Repowering of diesel generators - Use of storage technologies on the islands - Network reinforcement - Use of flexibility - Combination of elements PLEASE JOIN IN WITH SLIDO slido Join at slido.com #WS1910 We have taken a high-level qualitative assessment of the drivers for change and assessed the need case for each driver. | Driver | Timescale required | Breadth of options available | Certainty of need | |-------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------| | Asset replacement | Asset condition information indicates cables are life expired and need replacement in x years | Network will be needed to islands; uncertainty around capacity needed. | Need case is clear. | | Diesel generation replacement| Replacement by 2035 at latest | Range of options available including repowering diesels and storage. Also potential for additional network resilience. | Need case is clear. | | Demand growth | Need to consider demand requirements to 2045 | Uncertainty around capacity needed. | Need case can be based from DFES projections. Does carry some uncertainty. | | Generation growth | Need to consider generation requirements to 2045 | Uncertainty around capacity needed. | Need case less clear though there are DFES projections. | | Continued resilience | To be in place ahead of potential diesel generation replacement | Range of options available including repowering diesels and storage. Also potential for additional network resilience. | Need case is clear | How do you feel about the following statement "SSEN have assessed the options for each driver appropriately". Are there other factors you think we should consider when assessing options for each driver? Options under consideration for future needs of the Inner Hebrides and Orkney; - Repowering of diesel generators - Use of storage technologies on the islands - Network reinforcement - Use of flexibility - Combination of elements Thinking about the options under consideration for the long term resilience of the Inner Hebrides and Orkney, please rank them in order of preference. And finally, are there any other options you think we should consider? NEXT STEPS CURRENT PROJECT TIMELINE - Q4 2023: Whole system optioneering - Q1 2024: Stakeholder engagement - Q2 2024: Submission cost derivation - Q3 2024: Deliverability assessment - Q4 2024: Ofgem engagement - Q1 2025: Submission drafting Jan 2025 submission window THANK YOU [email protected]

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The Samuel Johnson Birthplace Museum & Bookshop Forward Plan 2021 - 2024 1. Introduction 1.1 Introduction to the Forward Plan The Samuel Johnson Birthplace Museum (SJBM) in Lichfield is a Grade I listed 18th century townhouse which has been open to the public as a museum dedicated to Samuel Johnson since 1901. The SJBM Forward Plan details the current situation of SJBM, reviews the previous plan and states the aims and objectives for SJBM over the coming three-year period, drawing on consultation with users. The plan is considered by the Johnson Birthplace Advisory Committee (JBAC) of Lichfield City Council (LCC), the minutes of which are approved by full council (see 4.1). The aims and objectives are updated annually and presented to the Committee, and the full plan updated every three years. 1.2 Museum statement of purpose The covenant under which the building was acquired in 1900 remains our fundamental mission: “…to remain in perpetuity as a memorial to the life, work and personality of Samuel Johnson, his Lichfield connections and his friends and contemporaries.” The Birthplace Trust, established in 1974, expanded this to refer to the care of the building and provision of a public service: “…to preserve the Birthplace as a place for historic interest and to maintain the same as a public museum and for public exhibitions.” 1.3 Development of this Plan The SJBM Forward Plan 2021-24 has been updated using the following sources: previous Forward plans, external reports including access audits and consultant’s review and action plan (incorporating volunteer and committee consultation); user comments taken from visitor books, comments boxes, exit surveys and online reviews; consultation session with Museum Attendant staff, and minutes of JBAC meetings. 1.4 Monitoring this Plan Progress towards the actions identified in this plan will be monitored in monthly reports by the Museums & Heritage Officer (MHO) to LCC, and at the bi-annual JBAC meeting. Implementation of the plan is the responsibility of the MHO and milestones will be set to measure progress. 1.5 Related Documents Related SJBM policy, procedure and plans are identified in this document. Documents are checked annually and updated on a rolling programme. Policy items requiring governing body approval to meet Accreditation guidelines are periodically presented to the JBAC. 2. Review of Forward Plan 2018-2021 2.1 The Impact of Covid-19 in 2020-2021 SJBM had two periods of closure in 2020-2021: March 18 – July 13 and November 5 onwards. In the 20-21 reporting period the Museum was open for 98 days, 27% of normal annual opening. 1,653 visitors attended during the open period, 18.5% of visitor numbers attending in the same period in 19-20 and 8% of normal annual numbers. Lost income was uplifted by receipt of closed business grants which represented 62% of the anticipated generated income. SJBM staff members worked from home during closure and continued to engage with audiences virtually. However, it is recognised that closure and restricted numbers had a significant impact on progress in several strategic areas, particularly in the timetable for the Birthplace Development Project (see 3) and in activities such as increasing bookshop income, hosting events and increasing numbers of guided tours and school visits. 2.2 Work completed since 2018 Selection of key projects implementing last plan, grouped by Strategic Aim: | Strategic Aim | Achievements | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Operate to a high professional standard, making the best use of available resources | First full reporting period with Administrative support post New digital cash register for bookshop New volunteering and placement relationships with South Staffordshire College, Landau Forte Academy Tamworth and Netherstowe School and attendance at 16-21 volunteering fairs Increase in visitor numbers (before COVID-19 closure) and in school and group visits Selected as a finalist in the West Midlands Museum volunteering awards 2018 Funding awarded for membership to Association of Cultural Enterprises | | Build and diversify our audiences and respond to user consultation | New advertising literature for Group bookings Significant growth in social media use and audience, and introduction of Instagram presence Venue partner in L2F Folk Festival, Lichfield Literature Festival and Lichfield Library summer family activities. Bronze award for ‘Best Small Visitor Attraction’ at Enjoy Staffordshire awards, 2019 AHRC Funded Book History Project Weekends in collaboration with Keele University Collaborative Doctoral Award Project with North West Consortium (Keele and Liverpool University partners) from 2020-2023 Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Champions training and Welcoming Neurodivergent visitors access audit | | Develop access to the Museum and collection | Significant progress on Birthplace Development Project Online collection search and blog launched Wood Library project with Keele university placement and new resources for researchers Loans to Lichfield Cathedral exhibitions | | Care for the Museum building and collection | Minor repair works identified in Quinquennial inspection carried out Off-site collection store established at Donegal House, significantly improving collection care, storage and workspace Documentation Plan targets to meet basic standards completed Conservation undertaken on selected library items and the Museum clocks Upgraded CCTV system and additional pump added to heating | 3. Development Project The last full re-display of the Birthplace was in 1989/1990. In 2005 the Dictionary Room was redisplayed, representing the only significant change to interpretation in the last 30 years. In 2005 the Birthplace received 3,200 annual visitors. Now with over 20,000 visitors in a normal year, LCC is keen to ensure that the changing needs and expectations of museum visitors, new approaches to museum interpretation and access, and knowledge about caring for a collection and historic building are represented. In 2016 the JBAC committed to a redevelopment project and LCC provided funding for the recruitment of a consultant to review the Birthplace. Susan Dalloe Consultancy carried out this work in 2018-2019 and provided a report which formed the foundation of a planned programme of development. In 2019-2020 further LCC funding supported initial Architects plans and conversations were held with Historic England and the local Conservation Officer, the MHO gathered quotations to build a project budget and made an initial approach to the National Lottery Heritage Fund, who recommended further work on the project proposal. In 2020-2021 an updated proposal was approved, shortly before the Heritage Fund closed during the COVID-19 pandemic. In November 2020 a new approach to the project, divided into stages, was approved by the JBAC and LCC provided funding for a toilet block to be built and pilot room redevelopment undertaken in 2021/22. Subject to further funding being approved, phases in 22/23 and 22/24 will see wheelchair access to the ground floor established and related adaptations to the bookshop, and the introductory film presentation relocated to the Parlour. The library and research spaces will be refurbished using Birthplace Trust funds (see 4.2). Fundraising and planning to re-display the remaining rooms will also be undertaken within the scope of the current Forward Plan. The Development project contributes significantly to all four of SJBM’s Strategic Aims by increasing sustainability and income generation opportunities, creating new opportunities for community involvement and increasing appeal to local visitors, improving access to and care of collections, and caring for the long-term future of the Museum. Specifically, the project will: - Create wheelchair access to the ground floor, virtual access to upper floors and an accessible toilet. - Replace Museum displays to enable better care of collections (removing acidic mounts and adjusting light levels) and to allow more of our collection to be seen, including local history and diverse stories (e.g. women’s history, Johnson’s health, and his Jamaican heir Francis Barber) - Develop the Kitchen and Bookbinding workshop displays into interactive spaces in collaboration with users with learning disabilities. - Create an education programme for secondary age students, review our existing primary visit, and improve our library study area. - Improve our event, education and hire space to ensure that we will be more resilient. - Develop a programme of events in consultation with users and non-users to appeal to local audiences. - Train staff and volunteers on welcoming disabled and neurodivergent audiences. - Diversify our team and involve our community by creating new, flexible volunteering opportunities. - Improve our external appearance contributing positively to the local street scene. 4. Situation Review 4.1 Governance & Organisational Structure The SJBM building and its collection are vested in the Dr Johnson Birthplace Trust (registered charity 500046), of which LCC is the sole trustee. The administration of the Museum, including the employment of staff, is undertaken directly by the Council through its powers under sections 144 and 145 of the Local Government Act 1972. The Museums & Heritage Officer (MHO) reports to the Town Clerk of LCC and represents SJBM at Birthplace Advisory Committee meetings. 4.2 Funding & Income generation LCC provides funding to cover the annual operating costs of SJBM (see Table 1). There is no expectation that LCC funding will be reduced or withdrawn in the further periods covered by the current Forward Plan. Dr Johnson’s Birthplace Trust has a separate account containing funds ring-fenced for collections projects. This comprises remaining monies from the Blum Book Fund established in the 1990s, plus a further gift received from the Blum family in 2020 to be used for book acquisitions, collections care and library projects. The balance in March 2021 was £13,483. The Johnson Society of Lichfield also holds a small amount of funds to which SJBM can apply, transferred from the dissolved Friends of the Johnson Birthplace in 2013. £700 remained in March 2021. Free admission for standard entry was introduced in 2005 and donations and events admissions quickly surpassed income generated from the Museum admission charge. SJBM also runs a book and souvenir shop, in the same room from which the Johnson family bookshop operated from 1708. In 2019/20 the average spend per head overall was £1.06 (70p shop sales, 36p donations). Although Museum income has increased considerably in recent years, a number of goals remain for increasing income generation (see Section 5.1a) | Table 1: Net Expenditure | Budget | Revised Estimate | 21/22 Budget | |--------------------------|--------|------------------|--------------| | Employee costs | 72,813 | 88,010 | 93,378 | | Central administration | 13,871 | 11,491 | 12,380 | | (inc. insurance) | | | | | Repair & Maintenance | 7,870 | 7,870 | 8,030 | | Energy | 3,350 | 3,440 | 3,420 | | Rates & Water | 670 | 320 | 690 | | Supplies & Services | 17,970 | 10,290 | 17,970 | | Promotion | 2,000 | 1,000 | 2,000 | | Project Development | 7,500 | 7,500 | 0* | | Sales (net) income | -6,710 | -3,017 | -6,710 | | Admissions income | -3,280 | -0 | -3,280 | | Grants/Donations income* | -7,730 | -14,343 | -7,730 | | **Net Expenditure** | 108,324| 112,561 | 120,148 | * £75,000 budget for Development Phase 1 included in separate R&R budget ** includes £11,003 in closed business grants received during COVID-19 pandemic 4.3 Staff & Volunteers 7 staff members (2.8 full-time equivalent) are employed by LCC. SJBM is led by a full-time MHO for 37 hours a week, supported by a part-time Museum Support Officer (MSO) for 22 hours per week (extended to 29 hours by a two-year fixed-term contract in 2020). The MSO post was created in 2017, acknowledging that there had been no increase to levels of staffing at the Museum since the early 2000s despite significant growth to visitor numbers, activities, and partnerships. A rota of five part-time Museum Attendants welcome visitors and staff the bookshop during public opening hours (equivalent to 35 hours a week November - February, 45.5 hours March-October) plus occasional cover at events, tours and school visits. A cleaner is contracted for 4.5 hours per week. A team of 10 volunteers support SJBM for an average of 20 hours in total per week, assisting with collections documentation, care and research, running clubs and groups and special events such as family activity sessions. Role descriptions, a Volunteer Agreement and handbook are provided. Attendants complete induction training, ‘Welcome to Excellence’ training and a culture of customer care is maintained through regular informal refresher training, checklists and a customer care charter. In-house training sessions are held periodically with training needs identified in consultation with team members. The Deputy Town Clerk at LCC is the organisational lead for Health and Safety matters, and SJBM staff are supported by the employment policies of LCC, including LCC’s Equal Opportunities Policy. 4.4 Audience LCC introduced free entry to SJBM in October 2005, following a decline in visitor numbers to 3,200 in 2004/05. 16,000 visitors attended during Johnson’s tercentenary year celebrations in 2009. After an initial slight decline, numbers have consistently risen since then reaching 21,472 in 2018/2019 and 20,994 in 2019/2020, when the Museum was closed before the end of the reporting period. (See Section 2 for the impact of COVID-19 on visitor numbers) Visitor data is gathered from the visitor book and exit surveys. In 2019, visitors to represented a diverse age range. 25% of visitors live within 15 miles of the Museum, however only 5% were from Lichfield itself. 58% visited from elsewhere in the UK, and 17% from overseas in 2019. | Age | Percentage of Visitors | |-------|------------------------| | 0-4 | 2% | | 5-10 | 13% | | 10-15 | 14% | | 16-24 | 7% | | 25-44 | 15% | | 45-64 | 25% | | 65-74 | 18% | | 75+ | 6% | Visitor exit surveys reveal a good level of visitor satisfaction. On a scale of 1-10, 93% of visitors rated their visit over a score of 8, with 53% choosing 10. Visitor satisfaction dropped slightly during Covid-19 measures in 2020: 90% still rated their visit over 8, but only 34% gave the highest score. No scores under 7 were given. Satisfaction in customer care is evident: 91% of visitors rated Staff as ‘Excellent’ and the remaining 9% ‘Good’. Organised school and adult group tour visits are increasing. In 2019/20, 485 pupils attended as part of an organised visit, an increase of 14% on the previous period, and 144 adults attended as part of an organised group visit. This was an increase of 83% on the previous year but represents an opportunity for growth. SJBM also offers informal learning activities such as a children’s book club, adult book, poetry and creative writing clubs, life-long learning Latin classes, and talks to local groups. SJBM has a growing digital audience. In 2019/20 there were 18,200 digital visitors. A digital visit is counted as a visit to the Museum website or blog site, receiving an e-newsletter, or directly engaging with a post on social media by liking, sharing or commenting on Instagram, Facebook or Twitter. This number increased by 84% to 33,300 in 20/21. 4.5 Building & Interpretation The Grade I listed house was built for Johnson’s parents in 1707-8. It remained in Samuel’s possession until his death in 1784 and went into private ownership until it was purchased by Alderman John Gilbert and donated to the city in 1900. Five floors of displays are open to the public comprising a bookshop and entrance area, two period room displays, an audio-visual room, eight rooms of Museum display and a library area available to researchers by appointment. The interior remains atmospheric with a mixture of interpretation including text panels and interactive displays. The main interpretation scheme and display furniture dates from the last full update of the displays in 1989/90. Further piecemeal developments include: a more prominent entrance on Market Street re-established in 1993; a re-display of the Dictionary Room in 2005, and the Museum bookshop/entrance area was updated in 2014 (See Section 3 for more information about planned developments to interpretation) Under the care of LCC the Birthplace benefits from a quinquennial building inspection and a Repairs and Renewals budget available to meet any urgent building care needs. The building and contents are insured under a policy with Ecclesiastical. 4.6 Access The tall and narrow building has steps to the entrance and many unavoidable stairs inside. A good provision of audio support and large print information has been established, and access audits in 2017 and 2019 have provided a structure for a planned programme of further development. Physical access issues have been addressed to date with a virtual tour available online and an outreach provision, and developments to access including full wheelchair access to the ground floor are at the heart of the current development project (See Section 3). See also the SJBM Access Policy Statement. 4.7 Location & Tourism SJBM is situated in the heart of the historic cathedral city of Lichfield, which has a population of over 33,000. Lichfield is approximately 17 miles north of Birmingham and benefits from excellent connection to the national road and rail network. Lichfield District Council’s ‘Visit Lichfield’ team oversee tourism initiatives for the area, estimating that 5.6 million visitors come to the District’s attractions a year. SJBM works closely with ‘Visit Lichfield’ and the MHO is a member of the Heritage Weekend working group, Group Tourism Partnership and the independent Lichfield District Tourism Association executive committee. SJBM is a local partner venue for Lichfield Festival, Lichfield Literature Festival and Lichfield Arts ‘L2F’ Festival of Folk. LCC is involved in local strategic developments such as the City Centre partnership, Neighbourhood Plan, Streetscene and ‘Place’ board, and ensures that SJBM is considered and included where appropriate. 4.8 Public Opening Hours & Facilities The Museum is open to the public seven days a week, currently 10.30am - 4.30pm March to October and 11.00am – 3.30pm November to February, with closure only on Christmas Day, Boxing Day and New Year’s Day. SJBM lacks a designated car park or a refreshment provision, but this is compensated by ample provision within the city centre, including accessible parking directly outside. There are no toilet facilities, but an accessible visitor toilet with baby-changing facilities is planned for 2021-22. The SJBM Bookshop attracts regular local users. The Wood Library provides an atmospheric study room for researchers, but the space is also used by volunteers and for storage, so this provision is limited. 4.9 Collections The Museum collection has been gradually acquired since 1901 and includes over 8,500 items of personalia, fine art, furniture, manuscripts, books and archive material. The collection represents Johnson and nationally important figures from his circle, as well as items associated with the history of Lichfield. The collection is catalogued on a ‘modes’ database, with a small and decreasing documentation backlog. Public online access to collections was introduced in 2018. Only 2% of the collection is on loan to SJBM. 23% is presently on display, and a further 40% is readily accessible in storage on site (mainly library collections in bookcases). Presentation is of a good standard but displays are beginning to appear dated. A dedicated area of the SJBM website provides information to encourage members of the public to use the libraries, and volunteers and attendants are facilitated to undertake research on the collections. The limitations of the museum building have resulted in poor storage and environmental conditions for the collection in some areas, but moving into a dedicated store-room off-site above the LCC offices in Donegal House has enabled significant improvements. Regular environmental and pest monitoring is in place. In 2017 regular collection cleaning was established with a dedicated team of volunteers and annual programme. [Related Documents: SJBM Collections Development Policy, SJBM Collections Care Policy, SJBM Documentation Policy, SJBM Documentation Procedural Manual, SJBM Emergency Plan and SJBM Documentation Plan] 4.10 Security The building is well protected by a regularly maintained and externally monitored alarm system, CCTV with constant recording on site and remote access, and some display cases are protected by ‘break-glass’ style alarms. A full review of the security of the Museum was carried out at the last Accreditation award in 2015 by a crime reduction officer and recommendations were carried out, including an update to the alarm system to add additional motion sensors. 4.11 Environmental Sustainability SJBM has made a commitment to reducing its environmental impact. SJBM joined a West Midlands Green Museums Project in 2012 and decreased energy use through switching to energy saving bulbs, a replacement boiler and increasing insulation with new window blinds. As much waste as possible is recycled, single-use plastic has been reduced and a carrier bag charge was introduced in April 2021, with a paper alternative to be introduced. Low-impact and recycled goods are sourced where possible, local suppliers are preferred and SJBM is a supporter of the local Fair-Trade initiative. Sustainability will also be considered during the Development project. 4.12 SWOT Analysis **Strengths** - LCC backing. - Eye-catching, Grade I listed building. - Samuel Johnson provides rich and varied subject matter for interpretation and events. - Accredited Museum led by qualified Museum professional. - Prime location in Lichfield, close to market, major road and rail networks. - Subject of Museum mentioned on city road signs and city heritage trail. - Trained, enthusiastic and knowledgeable front of house staff. - Team of volunteers supporting activities and collections work. - Regular consultation with staff, volunteers and users. - Well-stocked second-hand bookshop raising funds. - Free admission (excluding organised groups and events). - Growing number of partnerships. - Strong and well-documented collection, available online. - Increasing online presence and social media following. - Provision for hearing-impaired visitors and virtual tour available. **Weaknesses** - Access challenges with physical and intellectual barriers. - Size of team restricts growth and development. - Lack of facilities, e.g. toilets, café, flexible space for education activities and events. - Current interpretation includes few diverse narratives. - Environmental, display and storage conditions not appropriate for the collection in some areas. - Limited space for library users. - Text panels and display cases appear dated. - Running repairs for an historic building require steady expenditure. - Poor visitor feedback on pedestrian signage to tourist attractions around City. - Generate 16% of annual running costs. **Opportunities** - Partnerships with local Heritage attractions and groups. - Joint schemes working to make Lichfield a destination for Group Tourism. - Planned city centre developments. - Partnerships with local universities could attract younger audience. - Major development of the museum displays could address many of the identified weaknesses. - Number of Heritage attractions in the city attracting visitors. - Working with local schools, colleges and universities. **Threats** - Uncertainty of tourism sector in years following COVID-19 pandemic. - Reduction of overall footfall to Lichfield. - Dependent on continued LCC Funding. - Changes to National Curriculum affecting number of school visits. 5: Key Strategic Aims 2021-2024 The following have been identified as key strategic aims for the period 2021 – 2024. 1. Operate to a high professional standard, making the best use of available resources 2. Build and diversify our audiences, responding to user consultation 3. Develop access to the Museum and collection 4. Care for the Museum building and collection The tables below outline the Current Objectives, Performance indicators and the resource plan to meet these aims. | Objective | How to be achieved | When will be achieved | Performance indicator | Resource Plan* | |-----------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------|----------------| | | | | | Workforce | Budget | | 5.1a To maintain Accredited status | Maintain and update policy and procedures Prepare and submit return Arts Council England Accreditation application | November 2021 and annually Invitation to re-apply due in 2022 | Updated Policy documents Accreditation Award Certificate | MSO; MHO | Staff; Supplies (related minor purchases to meet standards) | | 5.1b To maximise available income streams | Remove poor-selling lines and introduce new products: Target increase of 10% per year for total spend per head. Increase group and education bookings income by 10% per year (see also 5.2c and 5.2d) Introduce new donation boxes and improved online donation options, Target of 50p average donation per head by March 2024. Regular programme of at least six special events per year planned. Launch online shop and specialist second-hand book online sales. Improved facilities for Private Hire (e.g. toilet, meeting space) Increased audience for Bookshop with provision of disabled access and related adaptations of Bookshop area | Annual report to BAC (Nov) Annual figures reported at Autumn BAC March 2023 Season ahead launched June & November Strategy by Dec 2021, shop launch in 2022 Toilet by March 2022; Funding plan for Birth Room facilities by March 2023 Summer 2023 | Sales records Group visit records Donations records Admissions records Report, Transactions records New facilities, funding plan available New access, visitor number records | MSO MSO; MAs MSO; MHO; MAS MSO/MHO; MAS, Vols. MSO; MAs; Vols. MHO; Contractors MHO; Contractors | Sales (stock offset within the amount given in Table 1); Staff; Promotion; Supplies; costs of events offset by Admissions; LCC Project Funding; Bookshop updates dependant on further funding. | | 5.1c To maximise staff and volunteer development | Establish a regular joint meeting of staff and volunteers (to be held in March & September) for updates and feedback Annual training event (e.g. expert speaker, outing to relevant sites and collections) available to staff and volunteers Review individual training needs of staff members in annual personal reviews | First event in September 2021 First event in March 2022 Annually, March | Minutes from meetings Event scheduled, Officer report Training Log | MHO; MSO MHO; MSO MHO | Staff; Supplies for training costs; use of funded training courses offered by West Midlands Museum Development | | 5.1d. To maximise volunteer input | Creating short-term volunteer roles and projects aimed at engaging college students and young people, including remote volunteering opportunities. Liaison with universities, colleges, and volunteer recruitment centres to promote volunteering roles Review and update all volunteer role documentation Establish additional volunteering opportunities in Donegal House store Accessible volunteering opportunities in ground-floor displays introduced | September 2021 March 2022 September 2021 March 2022 September 2023 | New role outlines available New volunteers recruited Revised documentation available New volunteers recruited New volunteers recruited | MSO MSO MHO; MSO MHO; MSO MHO; MSO | Staff; Supplies; Promotion (though mainly free of cost channels e.g. local volunteering centre) | ## 5.2 Build and diversify our audiences, responding to user consultation | Objective | How to be achieved | Achieve by | Performance indicator | Resource Plan* | |-----------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|----------------| | | | | | Workforce | Budget | | 5.2a. To increase the number of visitors from our local community | Special events organised to appeal to range of visitors and encourage return visits, including free of charge events/activities. Assess and plan improvements to exterior appearance of the Museum Promote the use of bookshop as a local resource through offers, sales and street presence. Regular presence on Lichfield Market Square to promote the Museum Engage with local partnerships, events and groups Redevelopment of the Museum and displays to include diverse stories and elements of local history | Season launched June & November September 2022 Sale in Summer and winter seasons Annual stalls (July and September) Ongoing, re-organised plans for Festival and Society of Artists events TBC First new displays by March 2022 | Events publicity; visitor data. Report presented Sales records Outreach number records Visitor numbers; Officer report New displays, visitor data | MSO, MHO & MAS & Vols MHO, LCC MSO, MAs MSO, MAs MHO, MSO, MAS & Vols MHO, LCC | Events, sales etc funded by: Staff; Supplies; Promotion; costs offset by Admissions; LCC Market stall in-kind. | | 5.2b. To monitor users and consult non-users | Introduce additional options for completion of the SJBM visitor exit survey (e.g. online, easy access QR codes) Conduct street surveys with local people to gather data from non-users Establish community engagement mailing list of Development Project | March 2022 March 2022, then twice yearly June 2021 | New platform available; Visitor data Visitor data Mailing list data | MSO; MAs, Vols. MHO; MSO | Staff; Supplies | | 5.2c. To increase the number of education visits and partnerships | Annual update to database of school contacts and periodic promotion to schools by email and post Train additional Museum Attendant staff members and volunteers in delivery of education programme Update Primary school visit to reflect changes to Bookbinding workroom. Recruit a consultant to review schools offering and devise a planned programme for extending to Key Stage 3 & 4 | Database updated in August. Mailouts in September, January and May March 2022 March 2024 | School visit booking records Trained staff; Officer report Revised visit available Report presented | MSO; Vols. MHO; MSO; MAs MHO; MSO; MAs MHO | Staff; Supplies; Promotion; Admissions (cost of additional Staff hours offset by small charge for school visits); Funding to be identified for consultant | | 5.2d. To increase the number of group visit bookings | Introduce ‘pop-up’ tours aimed at daytime coach group visitors Annual update to groups database and mailout Work with other local attractions to promote group visits as a member of LDC’s Group Tourism Partnership Train additional Museum Attendant staff members and volunteers in delivery of guided tours and community talks. | March 2022 (restrictions permitting) Database updated in August. Mailouts in September, January and May Ongoing; Bi-monthly meetings March 2023 | Group visit records Group visit records Minutes; Officer report Trained staff; Officer report | MSO; MAs MSO; Vols. MHO MHO; MAs | Staff; Supplies; Promotion; Admissions (cost of additional Staff hours for tours offset by admission charge). | ## 5.3 Increase access to the Museum and collections | Objective | How to be achieved | Achieve by | Performance indicator | Resource Plan* | |-----------|--------------------|------------|-----------------------|----------------| | **5.3a. To seek alternative solutions to the physical limitations of our Grade I listed building** | Create wheelchair access into Bookshop by street level lift, throughout ground floor and to accessible toilet, subject to planning approval Establish digital access to upper floors at ground level Seek expert advice and consultation with users at all stages of development Investigation options for remote online access to in-house events | Summer 2023 Summer 2023; interim option available ahead Ongoing, first consultation by September 2021 Initial report by March 2023 | New facilities; report to JBAC New facilities; report to JBAC Report from consultation Report to JBAC | MHO; LCC; Contractors MHO; Contractors MHO MHO; MSO | Staff; Supplies; building works dependent on funds from LCC in 22/23 and 23/24 or grant funding. | | **5.3b. To improve awareness of, and access to, all parts of the collection** | Regular programme of small display-case displays highlighting stored collection Maintain SJBM blog with monthly collection-based posts Digital access to collections relating to Michael Johnson within Workroom development Implement actionable items from 2020 Neurodiverse Visitors audit and update SJBM Access Plan to include future actions. | Published programme launched June & November Monthly, published on or before the 15th March 2022 Initial items by March 2022, others incorporated into long-term develop plans | Events publicity Online visitor data New display available Noted in Officer report | MHO; Vols. MHO; Vols. MHO; Contractors MHO/MSO | Staff; Supplies; (materials for in-house production of display material, or purchase of inexpensive display items); LCC project funding | | **5.3c. To update interpretation and displays** See also Section 3 (page 4) for further details on Development plans for displays. | Production of an SJBM Interpretation Plan Redisplay of Michael Johnson’s workroom to become a hands-on accessible space covering history of family business, book trade and binding. Relocation of Introductory AV area to Parlour and associated re-display Re-organisation of current displays to incorporate items removed from Michael Johnson’s workroom and Parlour. In-house update to Kitchen display to introduce low-tech interactives for trial and monitoring ahead of full redisplay. | September 2021 March 2022 March 2023 March 2022 March 2022 | Plan available New displays installed New displays installed New displays installed New displays installed | MHO MHO; LCC; Contractors MHO; LCC; Contractors MHO | Staff; Supplies; LCC project funding | | **5.3d. To improve facilities for researchers and publicise provision more widely** | Refurbish Wood Library, incorporating the Blum Study area. Raise academic profile of Museum, through links with higher education partners, including continued support of Keele Collaborative Doctoral Award. Establish regular volunteer-led open library sessions and publicise with local interest groups. | March 2023 Current Keele CDA to end 2023; emerging researcher event planned Spring 2022. March 2024 | Improved facilities Events held; research visitor records Research visitor records | MHO; LCC; Contractors MHO; partners MHO; MSO; Volunteers | Staff; Supplies; Blum library funding; Keele CDA funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council; Keele funding for 2022 event | ## 5.4 Care for the Museum building and collection | Objective | How to be achieved | Achieve by | Performance indicator | Resource Plan* | |-----------|--------------------|------------|-----------------------|----------------| | **5.3a. To improve the storage and care of the collection** | Complete ‘Benchmarks in Collection Care’ Checklist and update SJBM Collection Care Plan Complete planned programme identified in updated SJBM Collection Care Plan Re-organisation of book storage to facilitate Blum Library move Undertake annual Collection Clean | September 2021 Ongoing; rolling schedule Plan March 2022; move March 2023 January to March 2022 and annually | Plan available Noted in Officer report Noted in Officer report Noted in Officer report | MSO/MHO MHO; MSO Vols. MHO; Vols. MHO; Vols. | | **5.3b. To improve the documentation of the collection** | Undertake programme identified in the SJBM Documentation Plan Establish computer terminal for database access at DH store Programme of photography and scanning of collection established, with eventual target to have a photograph to accompany every non-library record. | Ongoing; rolling schedule September 2021 Workspace set up by March 2022 | Report to JBAC New facilities available Number of improved records reported | MHO; Vols MHO; Vols. MHO; Vols | | **5.3c. To ensure the ongoing protection of the collection against disaster and damage** | Update SJBM Emergency Plan Ensure that all staff are trained in the Museum Emergency plan procedure Complete planned programme identified in updated SJBM Collection Care Plan See also Section 3 (page 4) for further details on improving display conditions | July 2021 September 2021, and annually Ongoing; rolling schedule | Updated plan available Noted in Officer report Report available | MHO; LCC MHO; MAs MHO; Vols. | | **5.3d. To ensure the continual maintenance and sustainability of the Birthplace building** | Conduct regular building checks and resolve or report issues promptly All supplies sourced with consideration to sustainability Ensure Quinquennial inspection of the Birthplace carried out and any recommended works to be scheduled. | Weekly building check undertaken Ongoing Next inspection due 2023 | Inspection Log; Officer report Officer report Noted in Officer reports | MHO; MSO, MAs, MSO/MHO LCC; MHO | * Key to abbreviations used in Workforce (bold indicates lead responsibility). Budgets refer to headings (See Table 1, page 5) LCC Lichfield City Council (refers to support and decision making from LCC’s Town Clerk and/or JBAC) MAs Museum Attendants MHO Museums & Heritage Officer Vols. Museum Volunteers MSO Museum Support Officer SJBM Samuel Johnson Birthplace Museum

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Elegant Dining to Benefit Meals on Wheels: August 25 5:00 p.m. Cheese and Wine Reception 6:00 to 8:00 p.m. Five-Course Meal $200 per person (limited to 80 persons), reservations required by Monday, August 14. Prepared by Chef Max Humbrecht, Good Samaritan – Estes Park Village. Menu: * First course – smoked trout chowder with horseradish, thyme, celery, leeks, Yukon gold & sweet potatoes; * Second course – watermelon & arugula salad with cucumber, toasted pine nuts, feta cheese, & raspberry-rhubarb vinaigrette; * Third course – fresh tagliatelle pasta with oregano, parsley, lemon, roasted garlic, shaved parmesan, bell pepper coulis, & extra virgin olive oil; * Fourth course – grilled buffalo top sirloin with sautéed sweet corn, grilled scallions, crispy bacon lardons, braised shallots, oven roasted tomatoes, & burgundy-basil jus; * Final course – palisade peach tart with pickled cherries, mascarpone, tarragon, caramel, & lavender-pistachio brittle. Reservations: Crossroads Ministry of Estes Park: 970.577.0610, [email protected], Good Samaritan, 970.577.7700: Carey Stevanus, ext. 111; or Julie Lee, ext. 101. Thanks to event sponsors, including Estes Park Medical Center, Snowy Peaks Winery, OtterCares Foundation, Estes Park News. Proceeds will help Estes Valley Meals on Wheels acquire equipment for safe food preparation and storage.

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1. Describe in your own words the mission and goals of OSBA. To support the work of public school boards in Oregon through education and advocacy with the goal of ensuring equal opportunities for all students throughout the state. 2. What do you want to accomplish by serving on the OSBA board of directors? I hope to continue to be a voice for the unique needs of rural communities. Be a strong advocate for the importance of public education and complete funding for our education system. I am also interested in exploring ways that our education system can adapt to the ever-changing needs and learning styles of our current and future students. 3. What leadership skills do you believe you bring to the board of directors? Give an example of a situation in which you demonstrated these skills. I am an effective communicator, highly organized, and passionate about education. I ran for the State Senate 4 years ago and spent the better part of a year traveling the district talking about the need for a strong public education system accessible to all Oregon families. 4. What do you see as the two most challenging issues faced by OSBA? 1. The increase in distrust in the public education system. 2. Adapting our education system to meet the needs of today’s and tomorrow’s learners. 5. What do you see as the two most challenging issues faced by your region? 1. Maintaining a qualified workforce. 2. Retaining students secondary to increases in online options, private schools, decreases in student-age population, affordability of living in certain communities. 6. What is your plan for communicating with boards in your region? Email, messaging services through OSBA, in-person meetings throughout the region, direct contact with school board leadership. Name: Christine Reitz Address: _______________ _______________ _______________ City / ZIP: ____________________________ Business phone: _______________________ Residence phone: _____________________ Cell phone: __________________________ E-mail: [email protected] District/ESD/CC: Hood River County School District Term expires: 6/30/23 Years on board: 7 Work or service performed for OSBA or local district (include committee name and if you were chair): - OSBA Legislative Policy Committee - OSBA Rural Districts Advisory Committee - OSBA Board of Directors, Position 8 - HRCSD Chair - HRCSD Vice-Chair - HRCSD Curriculum Committees (ELA, ELD, Math, Art and Music) - HRCSD Classified and Licensed Negotiations Committee - HRCSD Superintendent Hiring Committee (Chair) - HRCSD Strategic Plan Committee - HRCSD Bond and Levy Committees Other education board positions held/dates: Hood River County Education Foundation Board Liaison Occupation (Include at least the past five years): Employers: Pistil Designs Dates: 11/2021 to present Schools attended (Include official name of school, where and when): High school: Air Academy High School, Colorado Springs, CO 1987–1988 and 1989–1991 Kentwood High School, Kent, WA 1988–1989 College: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 1991–1995/ University of Kansas Medical Center, KC, KS 1995–1997 Degrees earned: University of Colorado: Bachelor of Arts, Biology University of Kansas Medical Center: Bachelor of Science, Nursing Education honors and/or awards: AAHS: National Honor Society Other applicable training or education: Activities, other state and local community services: - Founder- Gorge Kids Triathlon, Hood River - Board Member- Gorge Performing Arts Initiative - Past Board Member- Providence Center for Medically Fragile Children, Portland - Past Board Member- New Parent Services, Next Door Inc. - Volunteer- Hood River Shelter Services - Volunteer- Music Festival of the Gorge Hobbies/special interests: Cooking, reading, running, hiking Business/professional/civic group memberships; offices held and dates: Additional comments: Deadline: September 30, 2022, 5 pm Materials submitted by the candidate on this form may be subject to a public information request under ORS Chapter 192.

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Membership: Looking for Adventure? JOIN US... Become a member! Visit our membership page for more information: http://www.statenislandzoo.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=81 Adopt an animal: Adopt an Animal. Click here for application Donations: To donate on line, click here! Thank you! Pavers: Personally Engraved Stepping Stones. Click here for application Take Your Place in History You may have a person or milestone to remember, honor or highlight; or perhaps you would like a message about nature and wildlife. Perhaps your business might wish to invest in a paver stone. The ZooWalk is a special part of the Zoo. It begins to the right of the entrance to the main exhibit building, where paver stones are inscribed with individual messages. Pavers are designed to become a lasting part of the Zoo and are seen by hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. They make wonderful gifts. What could be more appropriate than a paver at the Staten Island Zoo where preservation is our mission? Pave the Way... to a bright Zoo future! Express Yourself Each paver can accept a maximum of three lines of 13 units each. When filling out the form you must allow one box for each letter, number, punctuation mark, heart symbol and space between words. Fill out the boxes exactly the way you wish to inscribe a paver and please write clearly. Print out form and bring to Zoo with check, cash or credit card information. Applications may be returned if the proposed text does not meet the standards to be observed by a New York City public facility. Applicants will have an opportunity to revise proposed text if applications are returned. Upon receipt of your application you will receive confirmation of the order. If the order is a gift, the recipient will be notified as well. When the stone arrives at the Zoo, the maintenance department adds it to the "Zoo Walk". Postcards go out to notify you, and any gift recipient, that the stone is in the ground. Each postcard is good for one free admission to the Zoo to see the stone. Invest in the Zoo's Future Family or individual pavers are $100 each ($50 is tax deductible). Your investment in a paver helps maintain programs and exhibits designed to promote appreciation for wildlife and environmental conservation. Corporations, organizations and businesses contribute $200 per paver ($150 is tax deductible). A Long-lasting Tribute Paver stones are guaranteed for five years against wear and weather. Pavers installed in 1991, when the Paver Program first began, are still in excellent condition. Application Form ( click here to view our application form ) Zoo Wish List: Do you have equipment and supplies you would like to donate? Certain items may sound odd, such as CD boom boxes, but all are used to enhance animal care and other activities at YOUR Zoo. In this time of budget cuts and fiscal crisis, any assistance is greatly appreciated. Please call (718) 442-3101 ext 28, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., to make arrangements. Thanks! 1. Perfumes and spices 2. Humidifiers, de-humidifiers and air and water filters 3. Electric heaters, heat lamps and electric timers 4. (Gently) used tools, both power and hand; lumber or paint 5. Animal carriers of all sizes 6. Photo and video equipment including digital; projectors and screens 7. CD players (boom boxes), blank CD / DVD's 8. Ice cube trays 9. Arts and craft supplies 10. Commercial-grade cutlery for preparing animal diets 11. Standing refrigerator/freezer for animal hospital, Height, 67 1/2" x Width 35"x Depth 33" Please remember that each department has special needs. So if you are unsure as to whether or not certain items could be of use, please e-mail us at [email protected] Thi s e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it , or call at the above number and ask to speak with someone from that particular area such as animal care, education and graphics. For a sizable donation, a letter of acknowledgment for tax purposes will be provided, as well as recognition in Zoo publications, at the events and possibly by local press. Thank you for your continuous support of the Staten Island Zoo. Amazon Wish List: The Staten Island Zoo also participates in the Amazon Wish List Program, which can be accessed at the following link: http://www.amazon.com/gp/registry/wishlist/?ie=UTF8&cid=A2 WBRHRQD0PW2L . This is a wish list for the animals and staff of the Staten Island Zoo. Some of these items will be enrichment items for the animals to play or interact with, others will help make our staffs jobs a little easier. Please include your contact information if you make a donation, your contribution is tax deductible. Our 501(c)(3) tax exempt number is: EX-121076.

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News Release 27 February 2019 COCA-COLA AMATIL SWITCHES TO 100% SUSTAINABLY ACCREDITED SUGAR IN AUSTRALIA Coca-Cola Amatil today announced that all sugar in its non-alcoholic beverage range in Australia was now sourced from growers who are independently accredited as following sustainable production frameworks. Under purchasing contracts running to 2021, Amatil's sugar purchases were now a mix of Bonsucro and Smartcane Best Management Practice (BMP) certified sugar. Bonsucro and Smartcane BMP are production frameworks which aim to increase on-farm productivity while reducing environmental and social risks. Group Managing Director Alison Watkins said the switch to sustainably accredited sugar was a good environmental and commercial decision for the company. "We have responsibilities to the community on resource use and renewal, and we've also heard customer feedback in favour of greater sustainability in the products we sell," Ms Watkins said. "The switch to sustainably accredited sugar is a step forward for our overall operations, and also in meeting that customer demand." The decision means Coca-Cola Amatil's sugar is obtained from farms with frameworks covering: * decreased herbicides and pesticide use per hectare; * prohibitions on some herbicide and pesticide use in sugar production; * reduced water use in sugarcane growing and milling; * natural systems management to protect adjacent wetlands and waterways and reduce runoff into sensitive areas such as the Great Barrier Reef; ; * support for on-farm systems management * increased use of ethanol (rather than fossil fuels) in growing and milling; * a chain of responsibility process from production to final use; and * independent auditing of sugar industry safety and worker training, with issues addressed via published Health and Safety Management Plans. 1/2 CANEGROWERS Chairman Paul Schembri said the Smartcane BMP program achieves productivity and profitability gains for growers along with environmental improvements. "Already more than 70 per cent of Queensland's sugarcane area is in this program of adopting best practice on farm and we want more growers to come on board," Mr Schembri said. "It involves things like assessing soil condition to tailor fertiliser applications and reducing soil disturbance. Often these practices save input costs and boost yield as well as avoid downstream impacts on the Great Barrier Reef." Sugar Research Australia has assessed the impact of Smartcane BMP on business profitability and found the practices could benefit growers by between $25 and $220 per hectare per year. Wilmar Sugar Australia is a certified supplier of accredited sustainable sugar, and a major supplier to Amatil. Wilmar Executive General Manager North Queensland John Pratt said the company continually looked at opportunities to improve the sustainability of its operations. "Our commitment to continuous improvement is good for our business and also the environment," Mr Pratt said. "The Great Barrier Reef is a vital part of our global environmental heritage. We are pleased to be able to make a positive contribution to its health." The switch to sustainably accredited sugar in Australia also reflects a global commitment by The Coca-Cola Company to source all priority ingredients from sustainable sources by 2020. It is alongside Project Catalyst, a collaboration between The Coca-Cola Foundation, sugarcane farmer, WWF Australia, natural resource management bodies and the Federal Government which aims to reduce agricultural runoff impacting the Great Barrier Reef. Since 2013 Project Catalyst has improved the quality of 150 billion litres of water flowing into the reef and reduced runoff by 180 tonnes per year. Media contact: Patrick Low 0447 121 838 ABOUT COCA-COLA AMATIL Coca-Cola Amatil is one of the largest manufacturers and distributors of ready-to-drink non-alcohol and alcohol beverages, coffee and ready-to-eat food snacks in the Asia Pacific region. Coca-Cola Amatil is also the authorised manufacturer and distributor of The Coca- Cola Company's beverage brands in Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Samoa. Coca-Cola Amatil directly employs around 14,000 people and indirectly creates thousands more jobs across the supply chain, partnering with key suppliers to manufacture, package, sell and distribute its products. With access to around 300 million potential consumers through more than 700,000 active customers Coca-Cola Amatil is committed to leading through innovation and building a sustainable future and delivering long-term value to shareholders. For more information, visit www.ccamatil.com 2/2

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NEW/CHANGE PROGRAM REQUEST Undergraduate Programs Department: Psychology College: Science Program Name: B.S. Neuroscience and Behavior New Program: [ ] Change Program: [X] Effective Date (TERM & YEAR): Spring 2020 Please explain the requested change(s) and offer rationale below or on an attachment 1. Added PSB 4915 and PSB 4917 as options for Elective Requirements. 2. Added Special Topics (BSC 4930, PSY 4930, PSB 4930) to the Ethology/Comparative Psychology concentration. Faculty Contact/Email/Phone: Lauren Mavica / [email protected] / 561-297-3364 Consult and list departments that may be affected by the change(s) and attach documentation Biological Sciences Approved by: | Position | Signature | Date | |---------------------------|--------------------|----------| | Department Chair | | 10/25/19 | | College Curriculum Chair | | 10/31/19 | | College Dean | | 11/1/19 | | UUPC Chair | | 11/4/19 | | Undergraduate Studies Dean| | 11/6/19 | Email this form and attachments to [email protected] one week before the UUPC meeting so that materials may be viewed on the UUPC website prior to the meeting.

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An article by David Piotrowski "And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also. Titus 2:2 UNDERSTANDING WORDS GOD'S DEFINITION OF RESPECT To know what God says about EVERYTHING, Christians must always turn to His Word. Therefore, as Christians, we must read His Word, the Bible, so that we will be able, through His Holy Spirit, to comprehend the meanings of all that He has written to us. With this in mind, this series of articles, will, prayerfully, help us better understand, from God's perspective, the meanings of various words. This article, will concentrate on the word, "respect." By better understanding what God means, when He uses particular words, such as, "respect," we should be able to take "the next step;" and that is, we should be able, to apply His meanings, to our individual lives. In the Bible, we find, God uses the word "respect," quite frequently. Therefore, it is important that we, fully, comprehend, its meaning. Because God chose His Words with precision, we can rely upon their exactness. They were never used accidentally. He is the God of TRUTH (Deuteronomy 32:4). He CANNOT lie (Titus 1:2). God does not want us to doubt His Word. He does not want us to be confused (1 Corinthians 14:33). Furthermore, as we better understand His Word, we will grow into a solid belief, that God's Word, contains NO contradictions! This should strengthen us. This should embolden us! As English-speaking people, the Webster's 1828, America's Dictionary of the English Language, will be consulted. But, what we, as Christians, really, should want to know, is what God means, when He uses the word "respect." Genesis 2:25 says that, before the Fall, Adam and Eve "…were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed." However, after they sinned, we read, in Genesis 3:7-10, "…the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons. And they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God amongst the trees of the garden. And the LORD God called unto Adam, and said unto him, Where art thou? And he said, I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself." So, we read, in Genesis 3:21 "Unto Adam also and to his wife did the LORD God make coats of skins and clothed them." Later, in Genesis 3:23, because of their sin, Adam and Eve were "sent … forth from the garden of Eden." Genesis 4:1-7 says, "… Adam knew Eve his wife; and she conceived, and bare Cain, and said, I have gotten a man from the LORD. And she again bare his brother Abel. And Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground. And in process of time it came to pass, that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the LORD. And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof. And the LORD had respect unto Abel and to his offering: But unto Cain and to his offering he had not respect. And Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell. And the LORD said unto Cain, Why art thou wroth? And why is thy countenance fallen? If thou doest well, shalt thou not be accepted? And if thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. And unto thee shall be his desire, and thou shalt rule over him." Why did God have "respect" for Abel, while having no "respect" for Cain? UNDERSTANDING WORDS In order to answer this question, we need to understand how God defines "respect," according to His usage of the word, and, according to the word's context, relative to what He is saying, in Scripture. In helping to define "respect" in terms of God's usage and context, of the word, as it is recorded in Genesis 4:4-5, Webster utilizes these words: "good will," and "favor." God "favored" the "good will" of Abel's offering (verse 4), but did not do so, for Cain's offering (verse 5). Hebrews 11:4: "By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, by which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts, and by it he being dead yet speaketh." Speaking to Scribes and Pharisees, Jesus says, in Matthew 23:35, "That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar." Jesus also called them hypocrites. In Luke 11:51, Jesus, again, speaks of Abel, as He says, "From the blood of Abel unto the blood of Zacharias, which perished between the altar and the temple: verily I say unto you (lawyers), It shall be required of this generation." IT refers to blood. Abel's blood was shed as a prophet of God, as Verse 50 is clear: "That the blood of all the prophets, which was shed from the foundation of the world, may be required of this generation." Clearly, as Genesis 3:21 says, a sacrifice of blood was needed as a substitute for the sin that Adam and Eve had committed. A substitutionary atonement (or covering) required the shedding of innocent blood as a condition of forgiveness for sinners. The killing of two animals, and the shedding of their blood, became the atonement for Adam's and Eve's sin. Later, of course, Jesus would sacrifice Himself upon the cross for the sins of every man and woman, boy and girl, who has ever lived, and, for everyone born in the future. Revelation 1:5 says that Jesus Christ "… washed us from our sins in his own blood." God wants His people to be (and to do) their best for Him. Christians are to have the faith that it takes to offer "a more excellent sacrifice" to God. In so doing, God will consider them righteous, that the "testifying of [their] gifts", though they be dead, will be an everlasting testimony to those who follow. Every Christian can, and should, do more for Christ. Every Christian should do his or her best, for God. Despite the "cost;" and, for Abel, the "cost," was his life, he favored God with the "respect," He deserved. Abel's actions demonstrated the love, obedience, and "respect," he had, for God. He gave all that was required of him, and he gave all of it, willingly, and with complete faith, that God would favor him, as well. Abel's "good will" offering will always be remembered, as Hebrews 11:4, Matthew 23:35, and Luke 11:51, attest. Will the "good will," "favor," and "respect," that we have offered, or will, offer, to God, be remembered, beyond our lives, much less, during, our lives? Can we say that we have, thus far, offered anything to God? Have we made any sacrifice to God, whatsoever? If not, we cannot say, that "a more excellent sacrifice," has been offered, by us, to God. But, praise God, we remain alive. We have the remainder of our lives, to show Him "respect," as well as, to give Him, "respect." When Christians "sacrifice" according to the Will of God, they, perhaps, paradoxically, gain, much more than what they "sacrifice." Truth be told, Christians never sacrifice very much, at all, even, when they are "giving" their all. Everything belongs to the LORD. When we do "sacrifice" to the LORD, we are letting Him know the "respect," we have for Him. When we do not "sacrifice" to the LORD, we are disrespecting Him. Does anyone, really, want to do that, to Almighty God? Are we, to be, Abel's, or are we, to be, Cain's? To be…… Abel…… or…… not to be…… Abel…… that……. is the question! Favor God, and He will definitely, "favor" you. Perform that which is good in His eyes, and there will be no end to His blessings for you. 1 Timothy 1:17 says "Now unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only wise God, be honour and glory forever and ever. Amen." 2

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NONCROSSED PRODUCT MATRIX SUBRINGS AND IDEALS OF GRADED RINGS JOHAN ÖINERT AND PATRIK LUNDSTRÖM Abstract. We show that if a groupoid graded ring has a certain nonzero ideal property and the principal component of the ring is commutative, then the intersection of a nonzero twosided ideal of the ring with the commutant of the principal component of the ring is nonzero. Furthermore, we show that for a skew groupoid ring with commutative principal component, the principal component is maximal commutative if and only if it is intersected nontrivially by each nonzero ideal of the skew groupoid ring. We also determine the center of strongly groupoid graded rings in terms of an action on the ring induced by the grading. In the end of the article, we show that, given a finite groupoid $G$, which has a nonidentity morphism, there is a ring, strongly graded by $G$, which is not a crossed product over $G$. 1. Introduction Let $R$ be a ring. By this we always mean that $R$ is an additive group equipped with a multiplication which is associative and unital. The identity element of $R$ is denoted $1_R$ and is always assumed to be nonzero. We always assume that ring homomorphisms respect the multiplicative identities. The set of ring endomorphisms of $R$ is denoted $\text{End}(R)$ and the center of $R$ is denoted $Z(R)$. By the commutant of a subset $S$ of a ring $R$, denoted $C_R(S)$, we mean the set of elements of $R$ that commute with each element of $S$. Suppose that $R_1$ is a subring of $R$ i.e. that there is an injective ring homomorphism $R_1 \to R$. Recall that if $R_1$ is commutative, then it is called a maximal commutative subring of $R$ if it coincides with its commutant in $R$. A lot of work has been devoted to investigating the connection between on the one hand maximal commutativity of $R_1$ in $R$ and on the other hand nonemptiness of intersections of $R_1$ with nonzero twosided ideals of $R$ (see [2], [4], [5], [8], [9], [10], [18] and [26]). Recently (see [21], [22], [23], [24] and [25]) such a connection was established for the commutant $R_1$ of the identity component of strongly group graded rings and group crossed products (see Theorem 1 and Theorem 2 below). Let $G$ be a group with identity element $e$. Recall that a ring $R$ is graded by the group $G$ if there is a set of additive subgroups, $R_s$, $s \in G$, of $R$ such that $R = \bigoplus_{s \in G} R_s$ and $R_s R_t \subseteq R_{st}$, $s, t \in G$; if $R_s R_t = R_{st}$, $s, t \in G$, then $R$ is called strongly graded. The subring $R_e$ of $R$ is called the identity component of $R$. The following result appears in [25]. Theorem 1. If a strongly group graded ring has commutative identity component, then the intersection of a nonzero twosided ideal of the ring with the commutant of the principal component in the ring is nonzero. Recall that crossed products are defined by first specifying a crossed system i.e. a quadruple $\{A, G, \sigma, \alpha\}$ where $A$ is a ring, $G$ is a group and $\sigma : G \to \text{End}(A)$ and $\alpha : G \times G \to A$ are maps satisfying the following four conditions: (1) \[\sigma_e = \text{id}_A\] (2) \[\alpha(s, e) = \alpha(e, s) = 1_A\] (3) \[\alpha(s, t)\alpha(st, r) = \sigma_s(\alpha(t, r))\alpha(s, tr)\] (4) \[\sigma_s(\sigma_t(a))\alpha(s, t) = \alpha(s, t)\sigma_{st}(a)\] for all $s, t, r \in G$ and all $a \in A$. The crossed product, denoted $A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G$, associated to this quadruple, is the collection of formal sums $\sum_{s \in G} a_s u_s$, where $a_s \in A$, $s \in G$, are chosen so that all but finitely many of them are zero. By abuse of notation we write $u_s$ instead of $1u_s$ for all $s \in G$. The addition on $A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G$ is defined pointwise (5) \[\sum_{s \in G} a_s u_s + \sum_{s \in G} b_s u_s = \sum_{s \in G} (a_s + b_s) u_s\] and the multiplication on $A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G$ is defined by the bilinear extension of the relation (6) \[(a_s u_s)(b_t u_t) = a_s \sigma_s(b_t) \alpha(s, t) u_{st}\] for all $s, t \in G$ and all $a_s, b_t \in A$. By (1) and (2) $u_e$ is a multiplicative identity of $A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G$ and by (3) the multiplication on $A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G$ is associative. There is also an $A$-bimodule structure on $A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G$ defined by the linear extension of the relations $a(bu_s) = (ab)u_s$ and $(au_s)b = (a\sigma_s(b))u_s$ for all $a, b \in A$ and all $s, t \in G$, which, by (4), makes $A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G$ an $A$-algebra. Note that $A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G$ is a group graded ring with the grading $(A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G)_s = Au_s$, $s \in G$; it is clear that this makes $A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G$ a strongly graded ring if and only if each $\alpha(s, t)$, $s, t \in G$, has a left inverse in $A$. In [24], the following result was shown. Theorem 2. If $A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G$ is a crossed product with $A$ commutative, all $\sigma_s$, $s \in G$, are ring automorphisms and none of the $\alpha(s, s^{-1})$, $s \in G$, are zero divisors in $A$, then every intersection of a nonzero twosided ideal of $A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G$ with the commutant of $A$ in $A \rtimes_\alpha^\sigma G$ is nonzero. For more details concerning group graded rings in general and crossed product algebras in particular, see e.g. [1], [7] and [15]. Many natural examples of rings, such as rings of matrices, crossed product algebras defined by separable extensions and category rings, are not in any natural way graded by groups, but instead by categories (see [11], [12], The main purpose of this article is to obtain a simultaneous generalization (see Theorem 3) of Theorem 1 and Theorem 2 as well as extending the result from gradings defined by groups to groupoids. To be more precise, suppose that $G$ is a category. The family of objects of $G$ is denoted $\text{ob}(G)$; we will often identify an object in $G$ with its associated identity morphism. The family of morphisms in $G$ is denoted $\text{ob}(G)$; by abuse of notation, we will often write $s \in G$ when we mean $s \in \text{mor}(G)$. The domain and codomain of a morphism $s$ in $G$ is denoted $d(s)$ and $c(s)$ respectively. We let $G^{(2)}$ denote the collection of composable pairs of morphisms in $G$ i.e. all $(s, t)$ in $\text{mor}(G) \times \text{mor}(G)$ satisfying $d(s) = c(t)$. A category is called a groupoid if all its morphisms are invertible. Recall from [12] that a ring $R$ is called graded by the category $G$ if there is a set of additive subgroups, $R_s$, $s \in G$, of $R$ such that $R = \bigoplus_{s \in G} R_s$ and for all $s, t \in G$, we have $R_s R_t \subseteq R_{st}$ if $(s, t) \in G^{(2)}$ and $R_s R_t = \{0\}$ otherwise; if $R_s R_t = R_{st}$, $(s, t) \in G^{(2)}$, then $R$ is called strongly graded. By the principal component of $R$ we mean the set $R_0 := \bigoplus_{e \in \text{ob}(G)} R_e$. We say that $R$ has the nonzero ideal property if to each isomorphism $s \in G$ and each nonzero $x \in R_s$, the right $R_0$-ideal $xR_{s^{-1}}$ is nonzero. In Section 2, we prove the following result. **Theorem 3.** If a groupoid graded ring has the nonzero ideal property, then the intersection of a nonzero twosided ideal of the ring, with the commutant of the center of the principal component of the ring, is nonzero. Theorem 3 generalizes Theorem 1 and Theorem 2. In fact, suppose that $R$ is a ring graded by the group $G$ and that we have chosen $s \in G$ and a nonzero $x \in R_s$. If $R$ is strongly graded, then $0 \neq x = x1_R \in xR_{s^{-1}}R_s$, which implies that the right $R_0$-ideal $xR_{s^{-1}}$ is nonzero. Now suppose that $R$ is a group graded crossed product $A \rtimes^\sigma_\alpha G$. Then $x = a_s u_s$ for some nonzero $a_s \in A_e$. Hence $a_s \alpha(s, s^{-1}) = xu_{s^{-1}} \in xR_{s^{-1}}$. Therefore the right $R_0$-ideal $xR_{s^{-1}}$ is nonzero as long as $\alpha(s, s^{-1})$ is not a zero divisor in $A_e$. In Section 3, we generalize [19, Theorem 3.4], [20, Corollary 6] and [20, Proposition 10] by proving the following result. **Theorem 4.** If $A \rtimes^\sigma_\alpha G$ is a skew groupoid algebra with all $A_e$, for $e \in \text{ob}(G)$, commutative rings and $|\text{ob}(G)| < \infty$, then $A$ is maximal commutative in $A \rtimes^\sigma_\alpha G$ if and only if every intersection of a nonzero twosided ideal of $A \rtimes^\sigma_\alpha G$ and $A$ is nonzero. The secondary purpose of this article is to determine the center of strongly groupoid graded rings $R$ in terms of a groupoid action on $R$ defined by the grading (see Theorem 6 in Section 4). This generalizes a result for group graded rings by the first author together with Silvestrov, Theochari-Apostolidi and Vavatsoulas (see Lemma 3(iii) in [25]) to the groupoid graded situation. In Section 5, we show that the class of strongly groupoid graded rings which are not crossed products, in the sense defined in [20], is nonempty for any given groupoid with a finite number of objects. In fact, we show, by an explicit construction, the following result. Theorem 5. Given a finite groupoid $G$, which has a nonidentity morphism, there is a ring, strongly graded by $G$, which is not a crossed product over $G$. 2. Ideals In this section, we prove Theorem 3 and a corollary thereof. To this end, and for use in the next section, we gather some fairly well known facts from folklore concerning graded rings in a lemma (see also [12] and [15]). We also show that the commutant of the principal component of rings graded by cancellable categories, is again a graded ring (see Proposition (1)); this result will be used in Section 3. Lemma 1. Suppose that $R$ is a ring graded by a cancellable category $G$. We use the notation $1_R = \sum_{s \in G} 1_s$ where $1_s \in R_s$, $s \in G$. (a) $1_R \in R_0$; (b) if we let $H$ denote the set of $s \in G$ with $1_{d(s)} \neq 0 \neq 1_{c(s)}$, then $H$ is a subcategory of $G$ with finitely many objects and $R = \bigoplus_{s \in H} R_s$; (c) if $G$ is a groupoid (or group), then $H$ is a groupoid (or group); (d) if $s \in G$ is an isomorphism, then $R_s R_{s^{-1}} = R_{c(s)}$ if and only if $R_s R_t = R_{st}$ for all $t \in G$ with $d(s) = c(t)$. In particular, if $G$ is a groupoid (or group), then $R$ is strongly graded if and only if $R_s R_{s^{-1}} = R_{c(s)}$, $s \in G$. Proof. (a) If $t \in G$, then $1_t = 1_R 1_t = \sum_{s \in G} 1_s 1_t$. Since $G$ is cancellable, this implies that $1_s 1_t = 0$ whenever $s \in G \setminus \text{ob}(G)$. Therefore, if $s \in G \setminus \text{ob}(G)$, then $1_s = 1_s 1_R = \sum_{t \in G} 1_s 1_t = 0$. (b) Since $d(st) = d(t)$, $c(st) = c(s)$ for all $(s, t) \in G^{(2)}$, we get that $H$ is a subcategory of $G$. By the fact that $1_R = \sum_{s \in \text{ob}(H)} 1_s$, we get that $\text{ob}(H)$ is finite. Suppose that $s \in G \setminus H$ is chosen such that $1_{c(s)} = 0$. Then $R_s = 1_R R_s = 1_{c(s)} R_s = \{0\}$. The case when $1_{d(s)} = 0$ is treated similarly. (c) Suppose that $G$ is a groupoid (or group). Since $d(s^{-1}) = c(s)$ and $c(s^{-1}) = d(s)$, $s \in G$, it follows that $H$ is a subgroupoid (or subgroup) of $G$. (d) The "if" statement is clear. Now we show the "only if" statement. Take $(s, t) \in G^{(2)}$ and suppose that $R_s R_{s^{-1}} = R_{c(s)}$. Then, by (a), we get that $R_s R_t \subseteq R_{st} = R_{c(s)} R_{st} = R_s R_{s^{-1}} R_{st} \subseteq R_s R_{s^{-1} st} = R_s R_t$. Therefore, $R_s R_t = R_{st}$. The last part follows immediately. □ Proposition 1. Suppose that $R$ is a ring graded by a category $G$ and that $A$ is a graded additive subgroup of $R$. For each $s \in G$, denote $C_R(A)_s := C_R(A) \cap R_s$. If $s, t \in G$, then (a) $C_R(A)_s = \bigcap_{u \in G} C_{R_u}(A_u)$; (b) $C_R(A)_s C_R(A)_t \subseteq \begin{cases} C_R(A)_{st}, & \text{if } (s, t) \in G^{(2)}, \\ \{0\}, & \text{otherwise}; \end{cases}$ (c) $C_R(R_0)$ is a graded subring of $R$ with $$C_R(R_0)_s = \begin{cases} C_{R_s}(R_{d(s)}), & \text{if } c(s) = d(s), \\ \{r_s \in R_s \mid R_{c(s)} r_s = r_s R_{d(s)} = \{0\}\}, & \text{otherwise}; \end{cases}$$ (d) if $1_R \in R_0$, then $C_R(R_0)$ is a graded subring of $R$ with $$C_R(R_0)_s = \begin{cases} C_{R_s}(R_{d(s)}) & \text{if } c(s) = d(s), \\ \{0\} & \text{otherwise}. \end{cases}$$ In particular, if $G$ is cancellable, then the same conclusion holds. Proof. (a) This is a consequence of the following chain of equalities $C_R(A)_s = C_R(A) \cap R_s = C_{R_s}(A) = C_{R_s}(\bigoplus_{u \in G} A_u) = \bigcap_{u \in G} C_{R_s}(A_u)$. (b) Suppose that $u \in G$, $a_u \in A_u$, $(s, t) \in G^{(2)}$ and that $r_s \in C_R(A)_s$ and $r'_t \in C_R(A)_t$. Then $(r_s r'_t) a_u = r_s (r'_t a_u) = r_s (a_u r'_t) = (r_s a_u) r'_t = (a_u r_s) r'_t = a_u (r_s r'_t)$. Therefore $r_s r'_t \in C_{R,s}(A_u)$ for all $u \in G$. Hence $r_s r'_t \in C_R(A)_{st}$. If, on the other hand, $(s, t) \notin G^{(2)}$, then, by (a), we get that $C_R(A)_s C_R(A)_t \subseteq R_s R_t = \{0\}$. (c) It is clear that $C_R(R_0) \supseteq \bigoplus_{s \in G} C_R(R_0)_s$. Now we show the reversed inclusion. Take $x \in C_R(R_0)$, $e \in ob(G)$ and $a_e \in R_e$. Then $\sum_{s \in G} x_s a_e = \sum_{s \in G} a_e x_s$. By comparing terms of the same degree, we can conclude that $x_s a_e = a_e x_s$ for all $s \in G$. Since $e \in ob(G)$ and $a_e \in A_e$ were arbitrarily chosen this implies that $x_s \in C_R(R_0)_s$ for all $s \in G$. Now we show the second part of (c). Take $e \in ob(G)$. Suppose that $c(s) = d(s)$. If $d(s) \neq e$, then $C_{R_s}(R_e) = R_s$. Hence $\bigcap_{e \in ob(G)} C_{R_s}(R_e) = C_{R_s}(R_{d(s)})$. Now suppose that $c(s) \neq d(s)$. If $c(s) \neq e \neq d(s)$, then $C_{R_s}(R_e) = R_s$. Therefore, $\bigcap_{e \in ob(G)} C_{R_s}(R_e) = C_{R_s}(R_{c(s)}) \cap C_{R_s}(R_{d(s)})$; $C_{R_s}(R_{c(s)})$ equals the set of $r_s \in R_s$ such that $ar_s = r_s a$ for all $a \in R_{c(s)}$. Since $d(s) \neq c(s)$, we get that $r_s a_e = 0$; $C_{R_s}(R_{d(s)})$ is treated similarly. (d) The claims follow immediately from (c). In fact, suppose that $c(s) \neq d(s)$. Take $r_s \in R_s$ such that $R_{c(s)} r_s = \{0\}$. Then $r_s = 1_R r_s = 1_{c(s)} r_s = 0$. If $G$ is cancellable, then, by Lemma 1(a), the multiplicative identity of $R$ belongs to $R_0$. Proof of Theorem 3. We prove the contrapositive statement. Let $C$ denote the commutant of $Z(R_0)$ in $R$ and suppose that $I$ is a twosided ideal of $R$ with the property that $I \cap C = \{0\}$. We wish to show that $I = \{0\}$. Take $x \in I$. If $x \in C$, then by the assumption $x = 0$. Therefore we now assume that $x = \sum_{s \in G} x_s \in I$, $x_s \in R_s$, $s \in G$, and that $x$ is chosen so that $x \notin C$ with the set $S := \{s \in G \mid x_s \neq 0\}$ of least possible cardinality $N$. Seeking a contradiction, suppose that $N$ is positive. First note that there is $e \in ob(G)$ with $1_e x \in I \setminus C$. In fact, if $1_e x \in C$ for all $e \in ob(G)$, then $x = 1_R x = \sum_{e \in ob(G)} 1_e x \in C$ which is a contradiction. Note that, by Lemma 1(b), the sum $\sum_{e \in ob(G)} 1_e$, and hence the sum $\sum_{e \in ob(G)} 1_e x$, is finite. By minimality of $N$, we can assume that $c(s) = e$, $s \in S$, for some fixed $e \in ob(G)$. Take $t \in S$. By the nonzero ideal property there is $y \in R_{t-1}$ with $x_t y \neq 0$. By minimality of $N$, we can therefore from now on assume that $e \in S$ and $d(s) = c(s) = e$ for all $s \in S$. Take $d = \sum_{f \in ob(G)} d_f \in Z(R_0)$ where $d_f \in R_f$, $f \in ob(G)$ and note that $Z(R_0) = \bigoplus_{f \in ob(G)} Z(R_f)$. Then $I \ni dx - xd = \sum_{s \in S} \sum_{f \in ob(G)} (d_f x_s - x_s d_f) = \sum_{s \in S} d_s x_s - x_s d_e$. In the $R_e$ component of this sum we have $ d_e x_e - x_e d_e = 0 $ since $ d_e \in Z(R_e) $. Thus, the summand vanishes for $ s = e $, and hence, by minimality of $ N $, we get that $ dx - xd = 0 $. Since $ d \in Z(R_0) $ was arbitrarily chosen, we get that $ x \in C $ which is a contradiction. Therefore $ N = 0 $ and hence $ S = \emptyset $ which in turn implies that $ x = 0 $. Since $ x \in I $ was arbitrarily chosen, we finally get that $ I = \{0\} $. **Corollary 1.** If a groupoid graded ring has the nonzero ideal property and the principal component of the ring is maximal commutative, then the intersection of a nonzero twosided ideal of the ring with the principal component of the ring is nonzero. **Proof.** This follows immediately from Theorem 3. --- ### 3. Skew category algebras We shall recall the definition of a skew category ring from [20]. By a skew system we mean a triple $ \{A, G, \sigma\} $ where $ G $ is an arbitrary small category, $ A $ is the direct sum of rings $ A_e, \ e \in \text{ob}(G) $, $ \sigma_s : A_{d(s)} \to A_{c(s)}, \ s \in G $, are ring homomorphisms, satisfying the following two conditions: \[ \sigma_e = \text{id}_{A_e} \] \[ \sigma_s(\sigma_t(a)) = \sigma_{st}(a) \] for all $ e \in \text{ob}(G) $, all $ (s, t) \in G^{(2)} $ and all $ a \in A_{d(t)} $. Let $ A \rtimes^\sigma G $ denote the collection of formal sums $ \sum_{s \in G} a_s u_s $, where $ a_s \in A_{c(s)}, \ s \in G $, are chosen so that all but finitely many of them are zero. Define addition on $ A \rtimes^\sigma G $ by (5) and define multiplication on $ A \rtimes^\sigma G $ as the bilinear extension of the relation \[ (a_s u_s)(b_t u_t) = a_s \sigma_s(b_t) u_{st} \] if $ (s, t) \in G^{(2)} $ and $ (a_s u_s)(b_t u_t) = 0 $ otherwise where $ a_s \in A_{c(s)} $ and $ b_t \in A_{c(t)} $. One can show that $ A \rtimes^\sigma G $ has a multiplicative identity if and only if $ \text{ob}(G) $ is finite; in that case the multiplicative identity is $ \sum_{e \in \text{ob}(G)} u_e $. It is easy to verify that the multiplication on $ A \rtimes^\sigma G $ is associative. Define a left $ A $-module structure on $ A \rtimes^\sigma G $ by the bilinear extension of the rule $ a_e(b_s u_s) = (a_e b_s) u_s $ if $ e = c(s) $ and $ a_e(b_s u_s) = 0 $ otherwise for all $ a_e \in A_e, \ b_s \in A_{c(s)}, \ e \in \text{ob}(G), \ s \in G $. Analogously, define a right $ A $-module structure on $ A \rtimes^\sigma G $ by the bilinear extension of the rule $ (b_s u_s)c_f = (b_s \sigma_s(c_f))u_s $ if $ f = d(s) $ and $ (b_s u_s)c_f = 0 $ otherwise for all $ b_s \in A_{c(s)}, \ c_f \in A_f, \ f \in \text{ob}(G), \ s \in G $. By (8) this $ A $-bimodule structure makes $ A \rtimes^\sigma G $ an $ A $-algebra. We will often identify $ A $ with $ \bigoplus_{e \in \text{ob}(G)} A_e u_e $; this ring will be referred to as the coefficient ring or principal component of $ A \rtimes^\sigma G $. It is clear that $ A \rtimes^\sigma G $ is a category graded ring in the sense of [12] and it is strongly graded. We call $ A \rtimes^\sigma G $ the *skew category algebra* associated to the skew system $ \{A, G, \sigma\} $. Proposition 2. If $A \rtimes^\sigma G$ is a skew category algebra with all $A_e$, for $e \in \text{ob}(G)$, commutative rings and $|\text{ob}(G)| < \infty$, such that every intersection of a nonzero twosided ideal of $A \rtimes^\sigma G$ and $A$ is nonzero, then $A$ is maximal commutative in $A \rtimes^\sigma G$. Proof. We show the contrapositive statement. Suppose that $A$ is not maximal commutative in $A \rtimes^\sigma G$. Then, by Proposition 1(d), there exists some $s \in G \setminus G_0$, with $d(s) = c(s)$, and some nonzero $r_s \in A_{c(s)}$, such that $r_s u_s$ commutes with all of $A$. Let $I$ be the (nonzero) ideal in $A \rtimes^\sigma G$ generated by the element $r_s u_{c(s)} - r_s u_s$. Note that all elements of $I$ are sums of elements of the form \begin{equation} a_g u_g (r_s - r_s u_s) a_h u_h \end{equation} for $g, h \in G$, $a_g \in A_{c(g)}$ and $a_h \in A_{c(h)}$. Suppose that $(g, h) \in G^{(2)}$, for otherwise the above element is automatically zero. We may now simplify: \begin{align*} a_g u_g (r_s - r_s u_s) a_h u_h &= a_g \sigma_g (r_s a_h) u_{gh} - a_g \sigma_g (a_h r_s) u_{gsh} \\ &= \underbrace{a_g \sigma_g (r_s a_h)}_{=b} u_{gh} - \underbrace{a_g \sigma_g (r_s a_h)}_{=b} u_{gsh} \end{align*} Consider the additive map $$\varphi : A \rtimes^\sigma G \to A, \quad \sum_{s \in G} a_s u_s \mapsto \sum_{s \in G} a_s.$$ It is clear that the restriction of $\varphi$ to $A$ is injective. And since each element of $I$ is a sum of elements of the form (10) it follows that $\varphi$ is identically zero on all of $I$. This shows that $I \cap A = \{0\}$ and hence the desired conclusion follows. □ Proof of Theorem 4. The "if" statement follows from Theorem 3. The "only if" statement follows from Proposition 2 if we let $G$ be a groupoid. □ 4. The center In this section, we determine the center of strongly groupoid graded rings (see Theorem 6) in terms of an action on the ring induced by the grading (see Definition 2). This is established through three propositions formulated in a slightly more general setting. Proposition 3. Suppose that $R$ is a ring graded by a category $G$ and that $s \in G$ is an isomorphism. For each positive integer $i$ take $a_s^{(i)}, c_s^{(i)} \in R_s$ and $b_{s^{-1}}^{(i)}, d_{s^{-1}}^{(i)} \in R_{s^{-1}}$ with the property that $a_s^{(i)} = b_{s^{-1}}^{(i)} = c_s^{(i)} = d_{s^{-1}}^{(i)} = 0$ for all but finitely many $i$. If $x, y \in C_R(R_{s^{-1}} R_s)$ and $$A = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} x y b_{s^{-1}}^{(i)} + \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_s^{(j)} d_{s^{-1}}^{(j)}$$ \[ B = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} x b_{s-1}^{(i)} \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_s^{(j)} y d_{s-1}^{(j)} \] \[ C = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} b_{s-1}^{(i)} \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_s^{(j)} x y d_{s-1}^{(j)} \] then $ A = B = C $. In particular, if $ G $ is cancellable and \[ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} b_{s-1}^{(i)} = \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_s^{(j)} d_{s-1}^{(j)} = 1_{c(s)} \] then the following equalities hold \[(11) \quad \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} x b_{s-1}^{(i)} = \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_s^{(j)} x d_{s-1}^{(j)} \] \[(12) \quad \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} x y b_{s-1}^{(i)} = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} x b_{s-1}^{(i)} \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} y b_{s-1}^{(i)} \] **Proof.** Suppose that $ x, y \in C_R(R_{s-1} R_s) $. The equality $ A = B $ (or $ B = C $) follows from the fact that $ y $ (or $ x $) commutes with $ b_{s-1}^{(i)} c_s^{(j)} $ for all positive integers $ i $ and $ j $. The equality (11) follows from Lemma 1(a) and the equality $ A = C $ with $ y = 1_{d(s)} $. The equality (12) follows from Lemma 1(a), equality (11) and the equality $ A = B $. **Proposition 4.** Suppose that $ R $ is a ring graded by a category $ G $ and that $ s, t \in G $ are isomorphisms with $ d(s) = c(t) $. For each positive integer $ i $ take $ a_s^{(i)} \in R_s, b_{s-1}^{(i)} \in R_{s-1}, c_t^{(i)} \in R_t, d_{t-1}^{(i)} \in R_{t-1}, p_{st}^{(i)} \in R_{st} $ and $ q_{(st)-1}^{(i)} \in R_{(st)-1} $ with the property that $ a_s^{(i)} = b_{s-1}^{(i)} = c_t^{(i)} = d_{t-1}^{(i)} = p_{st}^{(i)} = q_{(st)-1}^{(i)} = 0 $ for all but finitely many $ i $. If $ x \in C_R(R_{(st)-1} R_s R_t) $ and \[ D = \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} p_{st}^{(k)} x q_{(st)-1}^{(k)} \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_t^{(j)} d_{t-1}^{(j)} b_{s-1}^{(i)} \] \[ E = \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} p_{st}^{(k)} q_{(st)-1}^{(k)} \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_t^{(j)} x d_{t-1}^{(j)} b_{s-1}^{(i)} \] then $ D = E $. In particular, if $ G $ is cancellable and the following equalities hold \[ \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} p_{st}^{(k)} q_{(st)-1}^{(k)} = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} b_{s-1}^{(i)} = 1_{c(s)} \quad \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_t^{(j)} d_{t-1}^{(j)} = 1_{c(t)} \] then \[(13) \quad \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} p_{st}^{(k)} x q_{(st)-1}^{(k)} = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a_s^{(i)} \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c_t^{(j)} x d_{t-1}^{(j)} b_{s-1}^{(i)} \] Proof. Suppose that $ x \in C_R(R_{(st)}^{-1}R_sR_t) $. The equality $ D = E $ follows from the fact that $ x $ commutes with $ q^{(k)}_{(st)}a^{(i)}_s c^{(j)}_t $ for all positive integers $ i, j $ and $ k $. The equality (13) follows from Lemma 1(a) and the equality $ D = E $. Proposition 5. Suppose that $ R $ is a ring graded by a category $ G $ and that $ s \in G $ is an isomorphism. For each positive integer $ i $ take $ a^{(i)}_s, c^{(i)}_s \in R_s $ and $ b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}}, d^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} \in R_{s^{-1}} $ with the property that $ a^{(i)}_s = b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = c^{(i)}_s = d^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = 0 $ for all but finitely many $ i $. If $ x \in C_R(R_{s^{-1}}R_{c(s)}R_s) $ and $ y \in R_{c(s)} $, then \[ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s x b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} y \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c^{(j)}_s d^{(j)}_{s^{-1}} = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} y \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c^{(j)}_s x d^{(j)}_{s^{-1}} \] In particular, if $ G $ is cancellable and \[ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} c^{(j)}_s d^{(j)}_{s^{-1}} = 1_{c(s)} \] then \[ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s x b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} \in C_R(R_{c(s)}) \] If also $ x \in Z(R_{d(s)}) $, then \[ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s x b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} \in Z(R_{c(s)}) \] Proof. Suppose that $ x \in C_R(R_{s^{-1}}R_{c(s)}R_s) $ and $ y \in R_{c(s)} $. The equality (14) follows from the fact that $ x $ commutes with $ b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}}yc^{(j)}_s $ for all positive integers $ i $ and $ j $. The claim (15) follows from (11) and (14). The claim (16) follows from (15) and the fact that $ Z(R_c) = R_c \cap C_R(R_c) $ for any $ c \in \text{ob}(G) $. Definition 1. Suppose that $ R $ is a ring strongly graded by a groupoid $ G $. By abuse of notation, we let $ C(R) $ (or $ Z(R) $) denote the groupoid with $ C_R(R_e) $ (or $ Z(R_e) $), $ e \in \text{ob}(G) $, as objects, and the ring isomorphisms $ C_R(R_{d(e)}) \to C_R(R_{c(s)}) $ (or $ Z(R_{d(s)}) \to Z(R_{c(s)}) $), $ s \in G $, as morphisms. Definition 2. Suppose that $ R $ is a ring strongly graded by a groupoid $ G $. For each $ s \in G $ and each positive integer $ i $, take $ a^{(i)}_s \in R_s $ and $ b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} \in R_{s^{-1}} $ with the property that $ a^{(i)}_s = b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = 0 $ for all but finitely many $ i $ and $ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = 1_{c(s)} $. Define a function $ \sigma_s : R \to R $ by $ \sigma_s(x) = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s x b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} $, $ x \in R $. By abuse of notation, we let every restriction of $ \sigma_s $ to subsets of $ R $ also be denoted by $ \sigma_s $. Proposition 6. Suppose that $ R $ is a ring strongly graded by a groupoid $ G $. Then the association of each $ e \in \text{ob}(G) $ and each $ s \in G $ to the ring $ C_R(R_e) $ (or the ring $ Z(R_e) $) and the function $ \sigma_s : C_R(R_{d(s)}) \to C_R(R_{c(s)}) $ (or $ \sigma_s : Z(R_{d(s)}) \to Z(R_{c(s)}) $) respectively, defines a functor of groupoids \[ \sigma : G \to C(R) \text{ (or } \sigma : G \to Z(R)). \] Moreover, $ \sigma $ is uniquely defined on morphisms by the relations $ \sigma_s(x)r_s = r_s x $ and $ \sigma_s(x)\mathbf{1}_{c(s)} = \sigma_s(x), \ s \in G, \ x \in C_R(R_{d(s)}) $ (or $ x \in Z(R_{d(s)}) $), $ r_s \in R_s $. **Proof.** We show the claim about $ C(R) $. Since the claim about $ Z(R) $ can be shown in a completely analogous way we leave the details of this to the reader. Take $ s \in G $. By (15), $ \sigma_s $ is well defined. It is clear that $ \sigma_s $ is additive and that $ \sigma_s(1_{R_{d(s)}}) = 1_{R_{c(s)}} $. By (12), $ \sigma_s $ is multiplicative. Take $ t \in G $ with $ d(s) = c(t) $. By (13), $ \sigma_{st} = \sigma_s \sigma_t $. By (11), the definition of $ \sigma_s $ does not depend on the particular choice of $ a^{(i)}_s \in R_s $ and $ b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} \in R_{s^{-1}} $ subject to the condition $ \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = 1_{c(s)} $. Therefore, for each $ e \in \text{ob}(G) $, we can make the choice $ a^{(1)}_e = b^{(1)}_e = 1_e $ and $ a^{(i)}_e = b^{(i)}_e = 0 $ for all integers $ i \geq 2 $; it is easy to see that this implies that $ \sigma_e = id_{C_R(R_e)} $. For the second part of the proof suppose that $ s \in G, \ x \in C_R(R_{d(s)}) $ and $ y \in R $ satisfy $ yr_s = r_s x $ for all $ r_s \in R_s $. Then $ \sigma_s(x) = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s x b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} ya^{(i)}_s b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} = y\mathbf{1}_{c(s)} = y $. Finally, suppose that $ s \in G, \ x \in C_R(R_{d(s)}) $ and $ r_s \in R_s $. Then $ \sigma_s(x)r_s = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s x b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} r_s = \sum_{i=1}^{\infty} a^{(i)}_s b^{(i)}_{s^{-1}} r_s x = \mathbf{1}_{c(s)} r_s x = r_s x $. It is clear that $ \sigma_s(x)\mathbf{1}_{c(s)} = \sigma_s(x) $. $ \square $ **Theorem 6.** The center of a strongly groupoid graded ring $ R $ equals the collection of $ \sum_{e \in \text{ob}(G)} x_e, \ x_e \in C_R(R_e), \ e \in \text{ob}(G), $ satisfying $ \sigma_s(x_{d(s)}) = x_{c(s)}, \ s \in G $. In particular, if $ G $ is the disjoint union of groups $ G_e, \ e \in \text{ob}(G) $, then the center of $ R $ equals the direct sum of the rings $ C_R(R_e)^{G_e}, \ e \in \text{ob}(G) $. **Proof.** Suppose that $ y = \sum_{s \in G} y_s $ belongs to the center of $ R $ where $ y_s \in R_s, \ s \in G, $ and $ y_s = 0 $ for all but finitely many $ s \in G $. Since $ 1_s y = y1_s, \ e \in \text{ob}(G), $ we get that $ y_s = 0 $ whenever $ c(s) \neq d(s) $. Therefore, $ y = \sum_{e \in \text{ob}(G)} x_e $ where $ x_e = \sum_{s \in G_e} y_s, \ e \in \text{ob}(G) $. Since $ y \in C_R(R_e), \ e \in \text{ob}(G), $ we get that $ x_e \in C_R(R_e), \ e \in \text{ob}(G) $. Take $ s \in G $. The relation $ r_s y = yr_s, \ r_s \in R_s, $ and the last part of Proposition 6 imply that $ \sigma_s(x_{d(s)}) = x_{c(s)} $. On the other hand, it is clear, by the last part of Proposition 6, that all sums $ \sum_{e \in \text{ob}(G)} x_e, \ x_e \in C_R(R_e), \ e \in \text{ob}(G), $ satisfying $ \sigma_s(x_{d(s)}) = x_{c(s)}, \ s \in G, $ belong to the center of $ R $. The last part of the claim is obvious. $ \square $ ### 5. Examples In this section, we show Theorem 5. Our method will be to generalize, to category graded rings (see Proposition 7), the construction given in [3] for the group graded situation. To do that, we first need to introduce some more notations. Let $ K $ be a field and $ G $ a category. Suppose that $ n $ is a positive integer and choose $ s_i \in G, $ for $ 1 \leq i \leq n $. For $ 1 \leq i, j \leq n, $ let $ e_{ij} \in M_n(K) $ be the matrix with 1 in the $ ij $th position and 0 elsewhere. For $ s \in G, $ we let $ R_s $ be the $ K $-vector subspace of $ M_n(K) $ spanned by the set of $ e_{ij}, $ for $ 1 \leq i, j \leq n, $ such that $ (s_i, s) \in G^{(2)} $ and $ s_i s = s_j. $ **Proposition 7.** If $ s, t \in G, $ then, with the above notations, we get that (a) $ R_sR_t \subseteq R_{st} $, if $(s, t) \in G^{(2)}$, and $ R_sR_t = \{0\} $, otherwise. (b) If $ G $ is cancellable, then the sum $ R := \sum_{s \in G} R_s $ is direct. Therefore, in that case, $ R $ is a ring graded by $ G $ with components $ R_s $, for $ s \in G $. **Proof.** (a) Suppose that $(s, t) \in G^{(2)}$. Take $ e_{ij} \in R_s $ and $ e_{lk} \in R_t $. If $ j \neq l $, then $ e_{ij}e_{lk} = 0 \in R_{st} $. Now let $ j = l $. Then, since $ s_is = s_j $ and $ s_jt = s_k $, we get that $ s_is t = s_jt = s_k $. Hence, $ e_{ij}e_{jk} = e_{ik} \in R_{st} $. (b) Let $ X_s $ denote the collection of pairs $(i, j)$, where $ 1 \leq i, j \leq n $, such that $(s_i, s) \in G^{(2)}$ and $ s_i s = s_j $. Suppose that $ s \neq t $. Seeking a contradiction suppose that $ X_s \cap X_t \neq \emptyset $. Then there would be integers $ k $ and $ l $, with $ 1 \leq k, l \leq n $, such that $ s_k s = s_l = s_t $. By the cancellability of $ G $ this would imply that $ s = t $. Therefore, the sets $ X_s $, for $ s \in G $, are pairwise disjoint. The claim now follows from the fact that $ R_s = \sum_{(i, j) \in X_s} Ke_{ij} $ for all $ s \in G $. **Proof of Theorem 5.** Let $ H $ be a finite connected groupoid with at least one nonidentity morphism. We begin by showing that one may always find a subring of a matrix ring which is strongly graded by $ H $, but which is not a crossed product in the sense of [20]. If $ H $ only has one object, then it is a group in which case it has already been treated in [3]. Therefore, from now on, we assume that we can choose two different objects $ e $ and $ f $ from $ H $. We denote the morphisms of $ H $ by $ t_1, t_2, \ldots, t_n $. For technical reasons, we suppose that $ t_n = e $ and that $ d(t_1) = f $ and $ c(t_1) = e $. Let us now choose $ n + 1 $ morphisms $ s_1, s_2, \ldots, s_{n+1} $ from $ H $ in the following way; $ s_i = t_i $, when $ 1 \leq i \leq n $, and $ s_{n+1} = t_n $. First we define $ R $ according to the beginning of Section 5 and show that it is strongly graded by $ H $. Take $(s, t) \in H^{(2)}$ and $ e_{kl} \in R_{st} $. This means that $ s_i s t = s_k $. Now pick an integer $ j $ with $ 1 \leq j \leq n $ and $ s_i t = s_j $; this is possible since $ \{s_i \mid 1 \leq i \leq n\} = H $. Then $ e_{ji} \in R_s $ and, since $ s_j s = s_i t s = s_k $, we get that $ e_{kj} \in R_s $. Therefore, $ e_{kl} = e_{kj}e_{ji} \in R_sR_t $. Hence, $ R $ is strongly graded. Now we shall show that $ R $ is not a crossed product over $ H $ in the sense defined in [20]. For $ g, h \in \text{ob}(H) $, let $ H_{g,h} $ denote the set of $ s \in H $ with $ c(s) = g $ and $ d(s) = h $. Since $ H $ is connected, all the sets $ H_{g,h} $ have the same cardinality; denote this cardinality by $ m $. The component $ R_e $ is the $ K $-vector space spanned by the collection of $ e_{ij} $ with $ s_i e = s_j $, that is, such that $ s_i = s_j $ and $ d(s_j) = e $. Therefore, the $ K $-dimension of $ R_e $ equals $ m + 3 $. Furthermore, the component $ R_{t_1} $ is the $ K $-vector space spanned by the collection of $ e_{ij} $ with $ s_i t_1 = s_j $. Since $ d(t_1) = f \neq e $, this implies that the $ K $-dimension of $ R_{t_1} $ equals $ m + 1 $. Seeking a contradiction, suppose that $ R_{t_1} $ is free on one generator $ u $ as a left $ R_e $-module. Then the map $ \theta : R_e \to R_{t_1} $, defined by $ \theta(x) = xu $, for $ x \in R_e $, is, in particular, an isomorphism of $ K $-vector spaces. Since $ \dim_K(R_e) = m + 3 > m + 1 = \dim_K(R_{t_1}) $, this is impossible. We shall now show that our groupoid $ G $ is the disjoint union of connected groupoids. Define an equivalence relation $ \sim $ on $ \text{ob}(G) $ by saying that $ e \sim f $, for $ e, f \in \text{ob}(G) $, if there is a morphism in $ G $ from $ e $ to $ f $. Choose a set $ E $ of representatives for the different equivalence classes defined by $ \sim $. For each $e \in E$, let $[e]$ denote the equivalence class to which $e$ belongs. Let $G_{[e]}$ denote the subgroupoid of $G$ with $[e]$ as set of objects and morphisms $s \in G$ with the property that $c(s), d(s) \in [e]$. Then each $G_{[e]}$, for $e \in E$, is a connected groupoid and $G = \bigcup_{e \in E} G_{[e]}$. For each $e \in E$, we now wish to define a strongly $G_{[e]}$-graded ring $R_{[e]}$. We consider three cases. If $G_{[e]} = \{e\}$, then let $R_{[e]} = K$. If $[e] = \{e\}$ but the group $G_{[e]}$ contains a nonidentity morphism, then let $R_{[e]}$ be a strongly $G_{[e]}$-graded ring which is not a crossed product as defined in [3]. If $[e]$ has more than one element, let $R_{[e]}$ denote the strongly $G_{[e]}$-graded ring according to the construction in the first part of the proof. We may define a new ring $S$ to be the direct sum $\bigoplus_{e \in E} R_{[e]}$ and one concludes that $S$ is strongly graded by $G$ but not a crossed product in the sense of [20]. **Example 1.** To exemplify Theorem 5, we now give explicitly the construction in the simplest possible case when $G$ is not a group. Namely, let $G$ be the unique thin\footnote{In the sense that there is at most one morphism from one object to another.} connected groupoid with two objects. More concretely this means that the morphisms of $G$ are $e$, $f$, $s$ and $t$; multiplication is defined by the relations $$e^2 = e, \quad f^2 = f, \quad es = s, \quad te = t, \quad sf = s, \quad ft = t.$$ Put $$s_1 = e, \quad s_2 = s, \quad s_3 = t, \quad s_4 = s_5 = f.$$ and define the $G$-graded ring $R$ as above. A straightforward calculation shows that $$R_e = Ke_{11} + Ke_{33}$$ $$R_f = Ke_{22} + Ke_{44} + Ke_{45} + Ke_{54} + Ke_{55}$$ $$R_s = Ke_{12} + Ke_{34} + Ke_{35}$$ $$R_t = Ke_{21} + Ke_{43} + Ke_{33}$$ Another straightforward calculation shows that $$R_e R_e = R_e, \quad R_f R_f = R_f, \quad R_e R_s = R_s$$ $$R_t R_e = R_t, \quad R_s R_f = R_s, \quad R_f R_t = R_t.$$ Therefore $R$ is strongly graded by $G$. However, $R$ is not a crossed product in the sense defined in [20]. In fact, since $\dim_K(R_f) = 5 > 3 = \dim_K(R_t)$, the left $R_f$-module $R_t$ can not be free on one generator. By a similar argument, the left $R_t$-module $R_s$ is not free on one generator. **Acknowledgements:** The first author was partially supported by The Swedish Research Council, The Crafoord Foundation, The Royal Physiographic Society in Lund, The Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences, The Swedish Foundation of International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education (STINT) and "LieGrits", a Marie Curie Research Training Network funded by the European Community as project MRTN-CT 2003-505078. REFERENCES [1] S. Caenepeel, F. Van Oystaeyen, Brauer groups and the cohomology of graded rings. Monographs and Textbooks in Pure and Applied Mathematics, 121. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (1988). [2] M. Cohen, S. Montgomery, Group-Graded Rings, Smash Products and Group Actions, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 282, no. 1, 237–258 (1984). [3] S. Dăscălescu, B. Ion, C. Năstăsescu and J. Rios Montes, Group Gradings on Full Matrix Rings, J. Algebra 220, 709–728 (1999). [4] J. W. Fisher, S. Montgomery, Semiprime Skew Group Rings, J. Algebra 52, no. 1, 241–247 (1978). [5] E. Formanek, A. I. Lichtman, Ideals in Group Rings of Free Products, Israel J. Math. 31, no. 1, 101–104 (1978). [6] P. J. Higgins, Notes on Categories and Groupoids, Van Nostrand (1971). [7] G. Karplyovsky, The Algebraic Structure of Crossed Products, x+348 pp. North-Holland Mathematics Studies, 142. Notas de Matemática, 118. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1987). [8] M. Lorenz, D. S. Passman, Centers and Prime Ideals in Group Algebras of Polycyclic-by-Finite Groups, J. Algebra 57, no. 2, 355–386 (1979). [9] M. Lorenz, D. S. Passman, Prime Ideals in Crossed Products of Finite Groups, Israel J. Math. 33, no. 2, 89–132 (1979). [10] M. Lorenz, D. S. Passman, Addendum - Prime Ideals in Crossed Products of Finite Groups, Israel J. Math. 35, no. 4, 311–322 (1980). [11] P. Lundström, Crossed Product Algebras Defined by Separable Extensions, J. Algebra 283 (2005), 723–737. [12] P. Lundström, Separable Groupoid Rings, Communications in Algebra 34 (2006), 3029–3041. [13] P. Lundström, The Picard Groupoid and Strongly Groupoid Graded Modules, Colloquium Mathematicum 106 (2006), 1–13. [14] S. Mac Lane, Categories for the Working Mathematician, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 5. Springer-Verlag, New York (1998). [15] C. Năstăsescu and F. Van Oystaeyen, Graded Ring Theory, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam-New York (1982). [16] E. Nauwelaerts, F. Van Oystaeyen, Introducing Crystalline Graded Algebras, Algebr. Represent. Theory 11, no. 2, 133–148 (2008). [17] T. Neijens, F. Van Oystaeyen, W. W. Yu, Centers of Certain Crystalline Graded Rings. Preprint in preparation (2007). [18] S. Montgomery, D. S. Passman, Crossed Products over Prime Rings, Israel J. Math. 31, no. 3-4, 224–256 (1978). [19] J. Öinert, Simple group graded rings and maximal commutativity, arXiv:0904.4661v1 [math.RA] [20] J. Öinert, P. Lundström, Commutativity and Ideals in Category Crossed Products, Preprints in Mathematical Sciences 2008:22, LUTFMA-5106-2008, ISSN 1403-9338 [21] J. Öinert, S. D. Silvestrov, Commutativity and Ideals in Algebraic Crossed Products, J. Gen. Lie T. Appl. 2, no. 4, 287–302 (2008). [22] J. Öinert, S. D. Silvestrov, On a Correspondence Between Ideals and Commutativity in Algebraic Crossed Products, J. Gen. Lie T. Appl. 2, no. 3, 216–220 (2008). [23] J. Öinert, S. D. Silvestrov, Crossed Product-Like and Pre-Crystalline Graded Rings, 16 pp. in Generalized Lie Theory in Mathematics, Physics and Beyond. Conference proceedings of Algebra, Geometry and Mathematical Physics, Baltic-Nordic Workshop (Lund, October 12-14 2006). Springer (2008). [24] J. Öinert, S. Silvestrov, Commutativity and Ideals in Pre-Crystalline Graded Rings, Preprints in Mathematical Sciences 2008:17, LUTFMA-5101-2008, ISSN 1403-9338 [25] J. Öinert, S. Silvestrov, T. Theohari-Apostolidi and H. Vavatsoulas, Commutativity and Ideals in Strongly Graded Rings, Preprints in Mathematical Sciences 2008:13, LUTFMA-5100-2008, ISSN 1403-9338 [26] D. S. Passman, *The Algebraic Structure of Group Rings*, xiv+720 pp. Pure and Applied Mathematics. Wiley-Interscience (John Wiley & Sons), New York-London-Sydney (1977). [27] L. Rowen, Some Results on the Center of a ring with Polynomial Identity, *Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.* **79** (1973), 219–223. [28] C. Svensson, S. Silvestrov, M. de Jeu, Dynamical Systems and Commutants in Crossed Products, Internat. J. Math. **18**, no. 4, 455–471 (2007). [29] C. Svensson, S. Silvestrov, M. de Jeu, Connections between dynamical systems and crossed products of Banach algebras by $\mathbb{Z}$, to appear in the proceedings of "Operator Theory, Analysis and Mathematical Physics", OTAMP-2006, Lund, Sweden, June 15-22, 2006. (Preprints in Mathematical Sciences 2007:5; LUTFMA-5081-2007; Leiden Mathematical Institute report 2007-02; arXiv:math/0702118). [30] C. Svensson, S. Silvestrov, M. de Jeu, Dynamical systems associated with crossed products, to appear in the proceedings of "Operator Methods in Fractal Analysis, Wavelets and Dynamical Systems", BIRS, Banff, Canada, December 2 - December 7, 2006. (Preprints in Mathematical Sciences 2007:22, LUTFMA-5088-2007; Leiden Mathematical Institute report 2007-30; arXiv:0707.1818). [31] C. Svensson, J. Tomiyama, On the commutant of $C(X)$ in $C^*$-crossed products by $\mathbb{Z}$ and their representations. arXiv:0807.2940 [32] F. Van Oystaeyen, On Clifford Systems and Generalized Crossed Products, J. Algebra **87**, 396–415 (1984). *Johan Öinert, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden* *E-mail address:* [email protected] *Patrik Lundström, University West, Department of Engineering Science, SE-46186 Trollhättan, Sweden* *E-mail address:* [email protected]

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An AUD Hedged series is provided to illustrate relative risk due to the relatively short US Dollar History 1 Total Firm Infrastructure assets is comprised of the Select Infrastructure strategy and Core Infrastructure strategy. 3 Risk measures are for the Global Core Infrastructure Hedged in AUD composite. The Global Infrastructure benchmark is comprised of the following: from inception to 31 December 2014 the benchmark is UBS Developed Infrastructure & Utilities Index NTR Index (Hedged in AUD) and from 1 January 2015 onwards, the benchmark is the S&P Global Infrastructure NTR Index (Hedged in AUD). The Global Equity Index is the MSCI World NTR Index (Hedged in AUD) 2 Returns are for the Global Core Infrastructure Composite in USD. The Global Infrastructure benchmark is comprised of the following: from inception to 31 December 2014 the benchmark is UBS Developed Infrastructure & Utilities NTR Index and from 1 January 2015 onwards, the benchmark is the S&P Global Infrastructure NTR Index. 4 The exposures are by domicile of listing. Representative portfolio. * Returns are only for part year. Cash, 3.1% During the June 2015 quarter, in US dollar terms, the MFG Core Infrastructure Strategy (the 'Strategy') returned -2.9% before fees. This was 0.8% under the benchmark return of 2.1%. This brought the 1 year return to 30 June 2015 for the Strategy to -3.5%, +0.6% better than the benchmark return of -4.1%. The negative return for the quarter was largely the result of the market's reaction to the crisis in Greece. The Strategy's units fell by more than 3% in the last five trading days of the quarter. We strongly believe that the market had been irrational, particularly regarding the very high quality, defensive holdings in the Strategy and we expect those stocks to recover going forward. Indeed, the Strategy recovered over 1.5% in the first trading day of July. Notwithstanding, the quarter also saw a selloff in US Utilities as the prospects of a rise in interest rates in the US increase. The Airports sector was the only positive area in the Strategy during the quarter, returning 4.2%. All other sectors and regions performed poorly during the quarter. The best performing stocks during the quarter were all airports stocks being Mexican airports GAPB (TSR of +10.5%), ASURB (+9.0%), OMAB (+7.6%), and Auckland Airport (+9.6%). The worst performing stocks were toll road company OHL Mexico (28.9%), and US Utilities PNM Resources (-14.9%), ITC (13.6%), Empire District Electric (-11.1%) and Vectren (11.1%). During the quarter, there were divergent returns from stocks included in commonly used benchmark indices but excluded from MFGAM's universe of investable stocks. On the positive side, Japanese Power Utilities were up over 24% for the quarter, Japanese Rail Companies were up over 13%, Chinese Infrastructure stocks increased by an average of 18% and Brazilian stocks were up over 7%. In contrast, US rail companies were down over 12%, US competitive energy businesses declined by an average of 5% and US Oil & Gas MLPs were down an average 4%. As we have discussed previously, there is no universally agreed definition of what is or is not an infrastructure asset. Therefore, every manager needs to define their investment universe as the first step in building a portfolio. Magellan uses what most asset consultants and research houses judge to be the most conservative definition of the term infrastructure of all listed infrastructure managers globally. Magellan refers to the universe of stocks meeting our definition as the Magellan Core Infrastructure Index. The following analysis uses the performance of stocks included in this index to review the key trends in the last five years. Over the last 5 years, the Magellan Core Infrastructure Index returned 18.4% per annum gross of before fees (compared to a gross before fee return from the Magellan Infrastructure Strategy of 19.8% per annum). The following graph shows returns by sector over this period (which we calculate by taking the average local currency return of the stocks in that sector). The key observations to be made from this data are: - As we would expect, the returns from the utility sectors were more consistent than the non-utility sectors - The higher returning non-utility sectors were led by the Airports sector which returned 25% pa over the period. The next graph shows returns by region. Clearly, the Latin American returns, which are primarily driven by four Mexican airport companies, were outstanding while the Asia Pacific stocks also performed very strongly (note that we only include developed markets in the Asia Pacific region). It is worth noting that, despite the ongoing economic problems in Europe, stocks from that region performed in line with the US, UK and Canada. In terms of individual stock performance: * The best performing stock was Mexican airport company OMAB with a TSR of 38.5%; * 5 of the 6 best performing stocks were airports; * Pleasingly, only one stock of the 86 stocks in the index delivered a negative return over the five year period. Finally, one of the key reasons that investors choose to include global listed infrastructure in their asset allocation is to diversify their exposures from global equity markets. One of the key criteria used to measure how effective an investment is at risk reduction and diversification is called 'Downside Capture'. This measures how the investment performs when equity markets go down. An analysis of performance over the five years to 30 June 2015 shows that the Magellan Core Infrastructure Index downside capture ratio was -0.1 (and indeed the Strategy achieved the same result). This means that, on average, the index delivers investors a positive return when global equity markets fall. The MFG Core Infrastructure Strategy seeks to provide investors with attractive risk-adjusted returns from the infrastructure asset class. It does this by investing in a portfolio of listed infrastructure companies that meet MFGAM's strict definition of infrastructure at discounts to their assessed intrinsic values. We expect that the Strategy should provide investors with real returns of approximately 5% to 6% over the longer term. We believe that infrastructure assets, with requisite earnings reliability and a linkage of earnings to inflation, offer attractive, long-term investment propositions. Furthermore, given the predictable nature of earnings and the structural linkage of those earnings to inflation, the investment returns generated by infrastructure assets are different from standard asset classes and offer investors valuable diversification when included in an investment portfolio. In the current uncertain economic and investment climate, the reliable financial performance of infrastructure investments makes them particularly attractive and an investment in listed infrastructure can be expected to reward patient investors with a three to five year timeframe. IMPORTANT NOTICE This material is being furnished to you to provide summary information regarding Magellan Asset Management Limited 'doing business as'/'trading as' MFG Asset Management ('MFGAM') and an investment fund or investment strategy managed by MFGAM ('Strategy'). No distribution of this material will be made in any jurisdiction where such distribution is not authorised or is unlawful. This material is not intended to constitute advertising or advice of any kind and you should not construe the contents of this material as legal, tax, investment or other advice. The investment program of the Strategy presented herein is speculative and may involve a high degree of risk. The Strategy is not intended as a complete investment program and is suitable only for sophisticated investors who can bear the risk of loss. The Strategy may lack diversification, which can increase the risk of loss to investors. The Strategy's performance may be volatile. The past performance of the Strategy is not necessarily indicative of future results and no person guarantees the performance of the Strategy or the amount or timing of any return from it. There can be no assurance that the Strategy will achieve any targeted returns, that asset allocations will be met or that the Strategy will be able to implement its investment Strategy or achieve its investment objective. The management fees, incentive fees and allocation and other expenses of the Strategy will reduce trading profits, if any, or increase losses. The Strategy will have limited liquidity, no secondary market for interests in the Strategy is expected to develop and there are restrictions on an investor's ability to withdraw and transfer interests in the Strategy. In making an investment decision, you must rely on your own examination of any offering documents relating to the Strategy. No representation or warranty, express or implied, is made with respect to the correctness, accuracy, reasonableness or completeness of any of the information contained in this material. This information is subject to change at any time and no person has any responsibility to update any of the information provided in this material. MFGAM will not be responsible or liable for any losses, whether direct, indirect or consequential, including loss of profits, damages, costs, claims or expenses, relating to or arising from your use or reliance upon any part of the information contained in this material including trading losses, loss of opportunity or incidental or punitive damages. This material is strictly confidential and is being provided to you solely for your information and must not be copied, reproduced, published, distributed, disclosed or passed to any other person at any time without the prior written consent of MFGAM. Any trademarks, logos, and service marks contained herein may be the registered and unregistered trademarks of their respective owners. Nothing contained herein should be construed as granting by implication, or otherwise, any licence or right to use any trademark displayed without the written permission of the owner. Performance is compared to the Global Infrastructure Benchmark which comprises of the following: from inception to 31 December 2014, the benchmark is UBS Developed Infrastructure & Utilities Index NTR Index and from 1 January 2015 onwards, the benchmark is the S&P Global Infrastructure NTR Index. Both indices are market capitalisation weighted indices that are designed to measure the performance of listed Infrastructure and Utility stocks. Index results assume the reinvestment of all distributions of capital gain and net investment income using a tax rate applicable to non-resident institutional investors who do not benefit from double taxation treaties. United Kingdom - This material does not constitute an offer or inducement to engage in an investment activity under the provisions of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA). This material does not form part of any offer or invitation to purchase, sell or subscribe for, or any solicitation of any such offer to purchase, sell or subscribe for, any shares, units or other type of investment product or service. This material or any part of it, or the fact of its distribution, is for background purposes only. This material has not been approved by a person authorised under the FSMA and its distribution in the United Kingdom and is only being made to persons in circumstances that will not constitute a financial promotion for the purposes of section 21 of the FSMA as a result of an exemption contained in the FSMA 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 as set out below. This material is exempt from the restrictions in the FSMA as it is to be strictly communicated only to 'investment professionals' as defined in Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (FPO). United States of America - This material is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any securities, financial instrument or product or to provide financial services. It is not the intention of MFGAM to create legal relations on the basis of information provided herein. GIPS® DISCLOSURE MFGAM claims compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®). For the purpose of complying with GIPS, the Firm is defined as all discretionary portfolios managed by MFGAM. The MFG Core Infrastructure composite is a global strategy investing in strictly defined or "pure" infrastructure companies (typically 80-120). To achieve investment objectives, the composite may also use derivative financial instruments including, but not limited to, options, swaps, futures and forwards. Derivatives are subject to the risk of changes in the market price of the underlying securities instruments, and the risk of the loss due to changes in interest rates. The use of certain derivatives may have a leveraging effect, which may increase the volatility of the composite and may reduce its returns. A list of composites and descriptions, as well as policies for valuing investments, calculating performance, and preparing compliant presentations are available upon request by emailing [email protected] ^ The representative portfolio is an account in the Composite that closely reflects the portfolio management style of the Strategy. Performance is not a consideration in the selection of the representative portfolio. The characteristics of Industry and Geographical Exposures are calculated on a look through basis based on underlying revenue exposure of individual companies held within the portfolio. the representative portfolio may differ from those of the composite and of the other accounts in the composite. Information regarding the representative portfolio and the other accounts in the composite is available upon request.

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Air Pollution: How Clean is the Air you're Breathing Right Now? Air pollution has emerged to be one of the greatest environmental and public health risks in the world. The World Health Organization estimates that air pollution contributes to approximately 800,000 deaths and 4.6 million lost life years annually. 1 (PM10) has degraded not only in industrial clusters like Vapi, Ankleshwar and Vatva, however has additionally in private and business zones of Surat, Vadodara, Ahmedabad and Rajkot. plan has been created utilizing the recommendations and best practices endorsed by civic experts, medical practitioners and community leaders, both national and international (Mexico City, Beijing and Los Angeles). The threat and impact of air pollution is even more severe in developing countries like India. India's Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has proclaimed Gujarat as the most contaminated State in the nation. Similarly, Gujarat also tops the list of the seven states that account for 80% of the aggregate waste in country followed by Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. Similarly, the GPCB has also classified Ahmedabad (Gujarat's chief city) as one of the most polluted urban centres in the world. The degradation in Ahmedabad's air quality has additionally brought about genuine health concerns, including unexpected life losses, allergic effects, fibrosis, microbial contamination and increased emergency room visits for respiratory illness. All these adverse impacts have led to a serious demand for an air pollution response plan. Air pollution is a more critical issue, especially for developing nations like India. In highly industrialized states like Gujarat, there appears to be a critical increase in air pollution levels in the recent years. As per the figures shared by Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) in its annual report 2015-16, the ambient air quality Realizing the need to address the rising threat of air pollution in the city, the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) has taken a revolutionary step. The AMC has collaborated with many stakeholders to unveil and implement the city's Air Information and Response Plan. This http://indiatogether.org/air-quality-index-colour-coding-in-india-cities-environment Consolidating the efforts of local government, scientists and NGO's, eight new air quality checking destinations in Ahmedabad are creating a day by day Air Quality Record (AQI) that is accessible to citizens through 11 LED screens across the city, as a feature of what is known as the Air Information and Response (AIR) plan. The Air Information & Response Plan is one of its kind in India and Ahmedabad is the first city that has introduced the air action plan and has taken a small but progressive step towards mitigating the impacts of air pollution. This small step carries the potential of saving millions of lives from the adverse impacts of air pollution. "Cleaning up the air we breathe prevents non-communicable diseases as well as reduces disease risks among women and vulnerable groups, including children and the elderly," says Dr Flavia Bustreo, WHO Assistant Director-General Family, Women and Children's Health. 2 —AIDMI Team 1 World Health Organization, "World Health Report 2002: Reducing risk, Promoting healthy life", World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland. Available from www.who.int/whr/ 2002/en/ 2 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ news/releases/2014/air-pollution/ en/

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Dear Councillor FULL COUNCIL Monday 26 th June 2023 at 6.45 pm Unit 25 Westmead Industrial Estate, SN5 7YT You are formally summoned to attend a meeting of AGENDA Parish Manager Public Questions, Comments or Representations (20 mins) If you are unable to attend the meeting in person or online, you can ask for a question to be raised on your behalf 1. Welcome & Declarations of Interest/Applications for Dispensation To receive any Declarations of Interest required by the Code of Conduct adopted by the Parish Council on 22 May 2023. 2. Minutes of the last Meeting To receive Minutes from the last meeting, the Annual Parish Council meeting held on 22 May 2023 for approval and adoption 3. Minutes of the Planning, Leisure and Environment Committee To receive Minutes from the Planning, Leisure & Environment Committee held on Monday 5 June 2023 for approval and adoption. 4. Confirmation of Committee Membership For approval: To receive a list of Committee membership for approval and adoption (copy attached) 5. Update from Swindon Borough Councillors To receive verbal updates and information from Swindon Borough Councillors present. 6. Update from West Swindon Parish Councillors To receive verbal updates and information from West Swindon Parish Councillors present. 7. Confirmation of Councillors Allowances To confirm the amount allocated to Councillor allowances for 2023-24 Page 1 of 2 8. Membership of the Swindon Area Forum/Committee To discuss membership of the Parish Councils Swindon Area Forum 9. Internal Auditors Report For information: To review report from the Internal Auditor for the financial year 2022-23 10. Year End Accounts 2022-23 – Annual Governance Statement To approve the Annual Governance Statement as part of the 2022-23 Annual Return (copy attached) 11. Year End Accounts 2022-23 – Accounting Statement To approve the Year End Accounts 2022-23 and the Accounting Statement as part of the 2022-23 Annual Return (copy attached) 12. Councillor Emails To discuss the options for standardised email addresses for Councillors (report attached) 13. Risk Management Policy & Play Risk Management Policy 2023/24 To review, approve and adopt a Risk Management Policy and Play Risk Management Policy for 2023-24 (copy attached) Date of next meeting: Monday 24 July 2023 Members of the Council: * Cllr Peter Bates * Cllr Junab Ali (Chair) * Cllr Trish Philpot * Cllr Mustafa Dayan * Cllr Suresh Gattapur * Cllr Mustafa Ertas * Cllr Leon Grother * Cllr Graham Philpot * Cllr Andrew Swinyard * Cllr Nandini Singh * Cllr Caryl Sydney Smith * Cllr Rose Llewellyn (Vice Chair) * Cllr Keith Williams * Cllr Tim Makofu * Cllr Sean Wilson Members are reminded that the Council has a general duty to consider the following matters in the exercise of any of its functions: Equal Opportunities (age, disability, gender reassignment, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation), Crime and Disorder, Health & Safety and Human Rights. Access Instructions: The Parish Committee meetings are open to the public at the address above. Each meeting includes public question time at the start of the meeting. There is the option to attend or observe a meeting virtually. For online access, you need to open the link below to access a Microsoft Teams invitation: You may need to download Teams – there is a link below to do this. Microsoft Teams meeting Join on your computer, mobile app or room device Click here to join the meeting Meeting ID: 356 808 822 062 Passcode: saDUTY Download Teams | Join on the web Page 2 of 2

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City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: de Valk, R., Weyde, T. and Benetos, E. (2013). A machine learning approach to voice separation in lute tablature. Paper presented at the 14th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference, 4 - 8 Nov 2013, Curitiba, Brazil. This is the unspecified version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2937/ Link to published version: Copyright and reuse: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH TO VOICE SEPARATION IN LUTE TABLATURE Reinier de Valk Tillman Weyde Emmanouil Benetos Music Informatics Research Group Department of Computer Science City University London {r.f.de.valk,t.e.weyde,[email protected] ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a machine learning model for voice separation in lute tablature. Lute tablature is a practical notation that reveals only very limited information about polyphonic structure. This has complicated research into the large surviving corpus of lute music, notated exclusively in tablature. A solution may be found in automatic transcription, of which voice separation is a necessary step. During the last decade, several methods for separating voices in symbolic polyphonic music formats have been developed. However, all but two of these methods adopt a rule-based approach; moreover, none of them is designed for tablature. Our method differs on both these points. First, rather than using fixed rules, we use a model that learns from data: a neural network that predicts voice assignments for notes. Second, our method is specifically designed for tablature—tablature information is included in the features used as input for the models—but it can also be applied to other music corpora. We have experimented on a dataset containing tablature pieces of different polyphonic textures, and compare the results against those obtained from a baseline hidden Markov model (HMM) model. Additionally, we have performed a preliminary comparison of the neural network model with several existing methods for voice separation on a small dataset. We have found that the neural network model performs clearly better than the baseline model, and competitively with the existing methods. 1. INTRODUCTION The lute, an instrument widely used from the early sixteenth to the mid-eighteenth century, has left us with a considerable corpus of instrumental polyphonic music: over 860 print and manuscript sources survive, containing approximately 60,000 pieces [12]. This music is notated exclusively in lute tablature. Lute tablature is a practical notation that provides no direct pitch information and only limited rhythmic information, but instead instructs the player where to place the fingers on the fretboard and which strings to pluck (see Figure 1). It reveals very little about the polyphonic structure of the music it encodes, since it specifies neither to which polyphonic voice the Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. © 2013 International Society for Music Information Retrieval tablature notes belong, nor what their individual durations are. Lute tablature's "alien nature" [5] is the principal reason why, apart from a number of specialist studies, this large and important corpus has so far escaped systematic musicological research. Transcription into modern music notation—a format much more familiar to the twenty-first-century scholar or musician—will increase the accessibility of the corpus, and, in fact, is the current modus operandi among those studying lute music. Transcribing tablature, however, is a time-consuming and specialist enterprise. Automatic transcription into modern music notation may provide a solution. An important step in the process of (automatic) transcription of polyphonic music is voice separation, i.e., the separation of the individual melodic lines ('voices') that together constitute the polyphonic fabric. Using machine learning techniques, we have developed two models for voice separation in lute tablature—a neural network model and a baseline hidden Markov model (HMM) model—which, with some modifications, can also be applied to other music corpora. The outline of this paper is as follows: in Section 2, the existing methods for voice separation are discussed. In Section 3 the proposed models are introduced, and in Section 4 the dataset is presented. Section 5 is dedicated to the evaluation of the models; in Section 6 the results are discussed; and in Section 7 the performance of the neural network model is compared with that of several existing methods. Concluding thoughts are presented in Section 8. 2. RELATED WORK During the last decade, several methods for separating voices in symbolic polyphonic music formats have been developed. 1 Except for two, described further below, all of these methods are rule-based. More concretely, they are based on at least one of two fundamental perceptual principles that group notes into voices, which have been 1 In addition, a number of methods for voice separation in music in audio format exist—these, however, are left out of consideration here. labelled the Pitch Proximity Principle and the Temporal Continuity Principle by Huron [6]. These principles imply that the closer notes are to one another in terms of pitch or time, respectively, the more likely they are perceived as belonging to the same voice. In addition, some of the methods include supplementary perceptual principles. Although these methods vary considerably in their approach, in each of them, the perceptual principles it is based on guide the voice assignment procedure. Temperley [17] adopts an approach based on four 'preference rules,' i.e., criteria to evaluate a possible analysis. Two of these match the abovementioned principles; the other two prescribe to minimise the number of voices (New Stream Rule) and to avoid shared notes (Collision Rule). Cambouropoulos [1] briefly describes an elementary version of a voice separation algorithm based on the (Gestalt) principle of pitch proximity only. Chew and Wu [4] use a 'contig' approach, in which the music is divided into segments where a constant number of voices is active (the contigs). The voice fragments in the segments are then connected on the basis of pitch proximity; voice crossings are forbidden. Szeto and Wong [16] consider voices to be clusters containing events proximal in the pitch and time dimensions, and model voice separation as a clustering problem. The aim of their research, however, is to design a system for pattern matching, and not one for voice separation. In their method, voice separation is only a pre-processing step that prevents "perceptually insignificant stream-crossing patterns" from being returned by the system. Kilian and Hoos [9] present an algorithm that is not intended primarily for correct voice separation, but rather for creating "reasonable and flexible score notation." Their method allows for complete chords in a single voice. In the method presented by Karydis et. al [8], too, a 'voice' is not necessarily a "monophonic sequence of successive nonoverlapping notes" [2]. Rather, they prefer to use the term 'stream,' which they define as "a perceptually independent voice consisting of single or multi-note sonorities." Hence, in addition to the 'horizontal' pitch and time proximity principles, they include two 'vertical integration' principles into their method: the Synchronous Note Principle (based on Huron's Onset Synchrony Principle) and the Principle of Tonal Fusion (based on Huron's Tonal Fusion Principle). A new version of this algorithm is described in Rafailidis et al. [14]. Madsen and Widmer [11], lastly, present an algorithm based primarily on the pitch proximity principle, with some heuristics added to handle unsolved situations. In the remaining two methods, then, machine learning techniques are used. Kirlin and Utgoff [10] describe a system that consists of two components: a 'predicate,' implemented as a learned decision tree, that determines whether or not two notes belong to the same voice, and a hard-coded algorithm that then maps notes to voices. Jordanous [7] adopts a probabilistic approach based on a Markov model, and presents a system that learns the probability of each note belonging to each voice, as well as the probability of successive note pairs belonging to the same voice. In addition to these more recent methods, another rulebased method—one designed specifically for automatic transcription of German lute tablature—was developed as early as the 1980s by Charnassé and Stepien [3]. In their research an approach was followed that combines expert knowledge encoded as rules with simpler heuristics. Although the results appear to be promising, the research seems to have ended prematurely. 3. PROPOSED MODELS We have implemented two models for voice separation in tablature. The first uses a discrete hidden Markov model [13] to predict voice assignments for complete chords; the second uses a neural network (NN) to predict voice assignments for individual notes. The HMM model, in which the tablature chords are the only observations, is straightforward and functions as a baseline model to compare the neural network model against. In our method, as in most existing methods, we use the notion of voice as a monophonic sequence of notes. In contrast to most rule-based methods, however, we allow voice crossings and shared notes (notes where two voices meet at the unison), both of which are perceptually problematic, but encountered frequently in polyphonic lute music. (This goes in particular for shared notes, which, especially in denser polyphony, are difficult to realise technically on the lute. Although actual unisons are sometimes used, a more idiomatic solution is to finger only one note of the unison—a technique also witnessed in keyboard music. Such notes shall henceforth be referred to as 'shared single notes.') Furthermore, unlike most existing methods, we assume in advance a maximum number of possible voices (five). 2 3.1 HMM Model We have used an HMM model in which the observations are the tablature chords, and the hidden states are the voice assignments. Each chord c is represented by a vector of pitches (MIDI numbers), depending on the number of notes in the chord ranging in length from 1 to 4; each voice assignment qt for a given time frame t is represented by a vector of length 4. Here, each vector index represents a voice and can take the values -1, … , 3, where -1 denotes inactivity of the voice, and one of the other numbers the sequence number in the chord of the pitch that is assigned to that voice. For each training set used in cross-validation, we have created a transition probability matrix P(qt+1|qt), denoting the probability of having transitions between various voice assignments, an observation probability matrix P(ct|qt), denoting the probability of encountering chord ct given voice assignment qt, and an initial state distribution P(q1). Since a training set might contain no instances of certain chord-voice assignment combinations, we have modified P(ct|qt) by including a small non-zero 2 Because of technical and physical limitations of lute and lutenist, more voices are rare in lute music. probability for all cases where the number of pitches in a chord is the same as the number of assigned pitches in a voice assignment. This way, we discourage the prediction of voice assignments in which too few or too many pitches are assigned. Finally, the optimal voice assignment sequence is computed using the Viterbi algorithm [13]. It should be noted here that our HMM model is similar to Jordanous's system, as described in [7]. Firstly, both are probabilistic approaches, and second, only pitchrelated observations from the training data are used. The main difference between her system and our HMM model is that in the former, a Markov chain with an ad-hoc cost function based on learned transition probabilities is used. Jordanous herself notes that "[i]t would be interesting to apply Hidden Markov Models . . . so that more of the previously allocated notes can be used to assist in voice allocation." 3.2 Neural Network Model In the neural network model, the task of voice separation is modelled as a classification problem where every tablature note is assigned to a voice—or, in the case of a shared single note, to two voices. We used a standard feed-forward neural network with resilient backpropagation (Rprop) [15] and sigmoid activation function, which provides a proven fast and robust learning model. 3 The network consists of an input layer of 32 neurons, one hidden layer of 8 neurons, and an output layer of five neurons, each of which represents a voice. Having five output neurons enables us to use the network for five-voice lute music; however, because we are currently using a four-voice dataset, at the moment the fifth neuron is never activated. Using the sigmoid function, the individual output neurons all have activation values between 0 and 1; the neuron that gives the highest activation value determines the voice assignment decision. Prior to the actual training and testing, we have optimised the regularisation parameter λ (0.00003) and the number of hidden neurons (8) using a cross-validated grid search. Using cross-validation and regularisation, we have trained in three runs, where each run consisted of 200 training epochs and the network weights were reinitialised randomly at the start of each run. The model from the training run in which the lowest error rate (see Section 5) was obtained, was selected for the validation stage. In the validation stage, the model traverses the tablature note by note, from left to right (always starting with the lowest note in a chord), and assigns the notes to voices. The test process is linear, and previous voice assignments are not revised—except when an assignment conflict arises within a chord, i.e., when a note is assigned to a voice that was already assigned a note in the chord. Because we do not allow two notes within a chord to be assigned to the same voice, conflicts are solved using a heuristic that reassigns the current note to a yet 3 We use the implementation provided by the Encog framework. See http://www.heatonresearch.com/encog (accessed May 2013). unassigned voice. Since we have encountered only two conflicts in our experiments, we will not go into further details on this heuristic here. We assume that the low number of conflicts is due to the fact that the voices already assigned in the chord are given as a feature to the network (see next section). 3.2.1 Features A 32-dimensional feature vector is generated for each tablature note, which contains two types of information (see Table 1). Features 1-12 contain only tablature information, and consist of (a) features encoding instrument-technical properties of the note (1-8), and (b) features encoding information about the position of the note within the chord (9-12). Features 13-32 contain information about the note's polyphonic embedding: (c) pitch and time proximities of the note to the previous note in each voice at the current onset time (13-27), and (d) the voices that have already been assigned to previous notes in the chord (28-32). Three things should be noted here. First, features 1327 encode, in essence, the principles that were labelled Pitch Proximity- and Temporal Continuity Principle by Huron [6]. Second, for the calculation of features 13-32, in addition to tablature information, voice assignment information is needed. Third, the time window within which the information is extracted that is used for the voice assignment decision, is presently still rather limited as it reaches back only one note per voice. Table 1. Features for the NN model. | Tablature information | | |---|---| | Note information | 7. isOrnamentation | | 1. pitch | 8. isOpenCourse | | 2. course | Chord information | | 3. fret | 9. numberOfNotesBelow | | 4. minDuration | 10. numberOfNotesAbove | | 5. maxDuration | 11. pitchDistanceToNoteBelow | | 6. chordSize | 12. pitchDistanceToNoteAbove | | Polyphonic embedding information | | | Pitch/time proximities | 23-27. offsetOnsetProx | | 13-17. pitchProx | Voices already assigned | | 18-22. interOnsetProx | 28-32. voicesAlreadyAssigned | 4. DATASET At the moment, we are focusing on sixteenth-century lute music—more specifically, on intabulations, lute arrangements of polyphonic vocal pieces. There are three reasons for this choice. First, intabulations are highly representative of the entire sixteenth-century corpus since they then formed the predominant lute genre. Second, since the densest polyphonic structures in lute music are found in intabulations, they constitute a sub-corpus that is challenging for our research. Third, the use of intabulations provides an objective way of devising a ground truth by polyphonically aligning the tablature and the vocal pieces, whose voices are always notated separately. We have thus transcribed a number of carefully selected intabulations into modern music notation, and then converted these to MIDI, storing each voice in a separate file. The tablature encoding (in .txt format), together with the MIDI representation of the ground truth, are given as input to the model. The dataset currently consists of nine intabulations, all for four voices (the most common intabulation format), and contains pieces of different polyphonic texture: three imitative pieces, three 'semi-imitative' pieces (pieces that contain points of imitation, but whose structure is not governed by them), and three free pieces. It comprises a total of 8892 notes divided over 5156 chords, single-note chords included (Table 2). Table 2. The dataset used for the experiments. | Piece | Texture | Notes | Chords | |---|---|---|---| | Ochsenkun 1558, Absolon fili mi | imitative | 1184 | 727 | | Ochsenkun 1558, In exitu Israel de Egipto | imitative | 1974 | 1296 | | Ochsenkun 1558, Qui habitat | imitative | 2238 | 1443 | | Rotta 1546, Bramo morir | free | 708 | 322 | | Phalèse 1547, Tant que uiuray | free | 457 | 228 | | Ochsenkun1558, Herr Gott laß dich erbarmen | free | 371 | 195 | | Abondante1548, Mais mamignone | semi- imitative | 705 | 316 | | Phalèse 1563, Las on peult | semi- imitative | 777 | 395 | | Barbetta 1582, Il nest plaisir | semi- imitative | 478 | 234 | | Totals | | 8892 | 5156 | 5. EVALUATION 5.1 Evaluation Metrics Our main evaluation metric is the error rate, which is the percentage of notes assigned to an incorrect voice. The error rate is calculated by comparing, for each note, the predicted voice assignment with the ground truth voice assignment. For the NN model, we use two modes of evaluation. In test mode, we calculate the feature vectors with which the model is evaluated using the ground truth voice assignments. In application mode, which corresponds to the 'real-world situation' where the ground truth voice assignments are not provided, we calculate the feature vectors using the voice assignments predicted by the model. In application mode errors can propagate—once a note has been assigned to the wrong voice(s), this will influence the decision process for the assignment of the following notes or chords—typically resulting in higher error values. We thus distinguish between the test error, which is the error rate in test mode, and the application error, the error rate in application mode. For the HMM model, we evaluate using only a single metric that corresponds to the application error in the NN model. Furthermore, for both models we use a tolerant and a strict approach for calculating errors—a distinction that applies to how shared single notes are handled. We distinguish between fully correct assignments (C), fully incorrect assignments (I) and three additional mixed categories: one voice assigned correctly but the other overlooked (O); one voice assigned correctly but another assigned superfluously (S); and one voice assigned correctly but the other assigned incorrectly (CI). All possibilities are listed in Table 3. In the tolerant evaluation approach, then, O, S, and CI are not counted as errors; in the strict approach they are counted as 0.5 errors. Table 3. Error categories (P(n) = predicted voice(s) for note n; G(n) = ground truth voice(s) for note n). | | | | C | O | S | CI | I | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | 1 | P is G | X | | | | | | | | P is not G | | | | | X | | 1 | 2 | P is one of G | | X | | | | | | | P is none of G | | | | | X | | 2 | 1 | one of P is G | | | X | | | | | | none of P is G | | | | | X | | 2 | 2 | both P are G | X | | | | | | | | one of P is G | | | | X | | | | | none of P are G | | | | | X | 5.2 Results We have trained and evaluated both models on the complete dataset using nine-fold cross-validation, where the folds correspond to the individual pieces in the dataset and each piece serves as test set once. The results are given in Table 4. Tolerant approach Strict approach Error (%) Std. dev. Error (%) Std. dev. NN model, test error 11.52 3.41 12.87 3.63 NN model, application error 19.37 5.43 20.67 5.61 HMM model, application error 24.95 6.59 25.64 6.69 Table 4. Averaged error rates (weighted) and standard deviation in cross-validation. 6. DISCUSSION The performance of the models is compared by means of the application error rates. We see that the NN model outperforms the HMM model by about 5 percentage points—both when the tolerant and when the strict approach is applied. While the application error gives a realistic idea of how well the NN model actually performs, it is also interesting to have a look at the test error, which reflects the performance of the model when 'perfect' context information—context information derived directly from the ground truth voice assignments—is provided. A comparison of the test and application mode informs us about error propagation in the application mode. On the individual pieces, the test errors are approximately between one half and two-thirds the size of the application errors, meaning that each misassigned note propagates 0.5-1.0 times. The high application errors might be explained at least partly by the observation that the pieces with high application errors contain many longer ornamental runs consisting of single notes, which are highly characteristic for lute music. Thus, when the first note of such a run is assigned to an incorrect voice, the following notes are very likely to be assigned to that voice as well. Because in such cases all notes are considered incorrect, single errors can propagate dramatically. However, the run as a whole will be assigned to a single voice, which is still a musically reasonable choice. This can be reflected using different evaluation metrics such as soundness and completeness (see Section 7). We also observe that both models have problems handling shared single notes. In the NN model, 118 of the 129 shared single notes in the ground truth are assigned to only a single voice in test mode, and 114 in application mode. Moreover, 120 notes are superfluously assigned to a second voice in test mode, and 117 in application mode. We are currently using a simple heuristic to determine whether a note should be assigned to two voices: if the second highest activation value in the network output does not deviate more than 5.0% (the 'deviation threshold') from the highest activation value, the note is assigned to both corresponding voices. Although the current threshold leads to balanced results (118/114 shared single notes assigned erroneously to a single voice, versus 120/117 non-shared notes assigned superfluously to two), the method for determining shared single notes could be improved. In the HMM model, then, the number of shared single notes assigned erroneously to a single voice is in the same range (95); the number of notes assigned superfluously to two voices, however, is much lower (27). With respect to handling shared single notes, the HMM model overall thus performs better. Voice crossings constitute another problem. An informal inspection shows that, in both models, most voice crossings are not detected. In the NN model, the main reason for this is that our features by design provide little support for voice crossings. This might be improved by including a 'melodic Gestalt criterion' in the form of features that represent melodic shape in the model. The inclusion of such features goes hand in hand with an increase of the information extraction window. 7. COMPARISON We have compared our NN model with several of the existing methods for voice separation for which results and evaluation metrics are documented [4, 7, 10, 11, 14]. Using the same cross-validated procedure as above, but now excluding tablature-specific features such as course and fret, we have trained and tested the NN model on a small dataset that is comparable to those used in the above methods, and then evaluated the results using the different evaluation metrics proposed. It must be noted that the results of the comparison are only indicative, as the datasets used are similar but not identical and not all evaluation metrics are defined in detail. Our dataset consists of the first five three-voice and the first five four-voice fugues of book I of Johann Sebastian Bach's Wohltemperirtes Clavier. 4 This collection of 48 preludes and fugues has been used, in total or in part, as the test set in most other methods we compare with—the only exception being the one described in [10], where the model is trained and tested on excerpts of the (stylistically comparable) chaconne from Bach's second violin partita (BWV 1004). To enable a comparison we use five evaluation metrics: precision and recall, defined in [7] as "the percentage of notes allocated to a voice that correctly belong to that voice" (precision) and "the percentage of notes in the voice that are successfully allocated to that voice" (recall); soundness and completeness, defined in [10] as the percentage of adjacent note pairs in a predicted voice of which both notes belong to the same ground truth voice (soundness) and, conversely, the percentage of adjacent note pairs in a ground truth voice of which both notes have been assigned to the same predicted voice (completeness); and Average Voice Consistency (AVC) as used by [4], which measures, "on average, the proportion of notes from the same voice that have been assigned . . . to the same voice." Table 5. Comparison of the NN model with other methods (P = precision; R = recall; S = soundness; C = completeness; A = Average Voice Consistency). 5 | | Dataset | | | | | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | | | P | R | S | C | | NN | 10 fugues (3-4vv) | 83.12 | 83.12 | 94.07 | 93.42 | | [4] | 48 fugues (3-5vv) | | | | | | [7] | 45 fugues (3-4vv) | 80.88 | 80.85 | | | | [10] | Bach chaconne | | | 88.65 | 65.57 | | [11] | 30 Bach Inventions (2-3vv); 48 fugues (3-5vv) | | | 95.94 | 70.11 | | [14] | 4 fugues (3-4vv) | | 92.50 | | | As can be seen in Table 5, the results obtained by our NN model are in a similar range as those reported for the other models, and at times better. Moreover, with an application error of 16.87% (and a test error of 4.00%), the NN model performs better than on tablature (cf. Table 4). 4 The dataset (in the form of MIDI files) was retrieved from www.musedata.org (accessed July 2013). 5 In [11] it is stated that soundness and completeness "as suggested by Kirlin [and Utgoff]" were used as evaluation metrics; however, the textual definitions given differ. We have not yet been able to clarify this inconsistency, so we present the numbers and metrics exactly as in [11]. [14] use 'accuracy' as metric, whose definition matches that of recall. 8. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK In this paper we propose a neural network model for voice separation in lute tablature. This model is more flexible than the existing rule-based models in that it adapts to the data, and thus is less restricted with regard to what needs to be fixed as a priori rules. The model clearly outperforms the baseline HMM model and also seems to be more robust. In addition, it performs apparently competitively with the existing voice separation methods we have compared it with; however, extended tests will be needed for a systematic comparison. Although there is still room for improvement, the results are sufficiently promising to continue experimenting—not only with NN models, but also with different HMM models. Issues that need to be solved in particular are the high error propagation in the NN model's application mode, which currently complicates a real-world application, the handling of shared single notes, and the detection of voice crossings. In future work, we will therefore extend the current NN model by including more features and by expanding the information extraction window. Additionally, we have started working on an approach that does not assign individual notes, but rather complete chords, to voices. With regard to the HMM model, we will experiment with more complex models using Gaussian mixture HMMs and factorial HMMs. Lastly, we are planning to work towards a more comprehensive and rigorous comparison of voice separation methods. 9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Reinier de Valk is supported by a City University London PhD Studentship and Emmanouil Benetos is supported by a City University London Research Fellowship. 10. REFERENCES [1] E. Cambouropoulos: "From MIDI to Traditional Musical Notation," Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Music, n.p., 2000. [2] E. Cambouropoulos: " ʻ Voice' Separation: Theoretical, Perceptual and Computational Perspectives," Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition, pp. 987-997, 2006. [3] H. Charnassé and B. Stepien: "Automatic Transcription of German Lute Tablatures: An Artificial Intelligence Application," Computer Representations and Models in Music, Ed. A. Marsden and A. Pople, Academic Press, London, pp. 144-70, 1992. [4] E. Chew and X. Wu: "Separating Voices in Polyphonic Music: A Contig Mapping Approach, ˮ Computer Music Modeling and Retrieval: Second International Symposium, Revised Papers, Ed. U. K. Wiil, Springer, Berlin, pp. 1-20, 2004. [5] J. Griffiths: "The Lute and the Polyphonist," Studi Musicali, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 89-108, 2002. [6] D. Huron: "Tone and Voice: A Derivation of the Rules of Voice-Leading from Perceptual Principles," Music Perception, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 1-64, 2001. [7] A. Jordanous: "Voice Separation in Polyphonic Music: A Data-Driven Approach," Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference, n.p., 2008. [8] I. Karydis et al.: "Horizontal and Vertical Integration/Segregation in Auditory Streaming: A Voice Separation Algorithm for Symbolic Musical Data," Proceedings of the 4th Sound and Music Computing Conference, pp. 299-306, 2007. [9] J. Kilian and H. Hoos: "Voice separation—A Local Optimisation Approach," Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, n.p., 2002. [10] P. Kirlin and P. Utgoff: "VoiSe: Learning to Segregate Voices in Explicit and Implicit Polyphony," Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, pp. 552-557, 2005. [11] S. T. Madsen and G. Widmer: "Separating Voices in MIDI," Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval, n.p., 2006. [12] A. J. Ness and C. A. Kolczynski: "Sources of Lute Music," The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd ed., Ed. S. Sadie, Macmillan, London, pp. 39-63, 2001. [13] L. R. Rabiner: "A Tutorial on Hidden Markov Models and Selected Applications in Speech Recognition," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 257-286, 1989. [14] D. Rafailidis, E. Cambouropoulos, and Y. Manolopoulos: "Musical Voice Integration/ Segregation: VISA Revisited," Proceedings of the 6th Sound and Music Computing Conference, pp. 42-47, 2009. [15] M. Riedmiller and H. Braun: "RPROP—A Fast Adaptive Learning Algorithm," Proceedings of the International Symposium on Computer and Information Science, n.p., 1992. [16] W. M. Szeto and M. H. Wong: "Stream Segregation Algorithm for Pattern Matching in Polyphonic Music Databases," Multimedia Tools and Applications, Vol. 30, pp. 109-127, 2006. [17] D. Temperley: The Cognition of Basic Musical Structures, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001.

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Legacy of Repression: Violence against Women in Post-Conflict Guatemala Master's Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of Global Studies Elizabeth Ferry, Advisor In Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master's Degree by Nina Kanakarajavelu May 2010 i Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor Elizabeth Ferry for her guidance and patience through the writing process. I am also grateful to Steve Fake who spent countless hours reviewing the various incarnations of this thesis, always with a keen eye for detail. Lastly, I am deeply appreciative of the advice and encouragement I received from Kirsten Weld, Jennifer Schirmer, Gabriella Torres, and others in conceptualizing this paper. ABSTRACT Legacy of Repression: Violence against Women in Post-Conflict Guatemala A thesis presented to the Department of Global Studies Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts By Nina Kanakarajavelu Guatemala‟s 36 year civil war resulted in 662 massacres, 200, 000 dead or "disappeared", and over one million displaced. The Historical Clarification Commission (CEH, Comisión de Esclarecimiento Histórico) found the Guatemalan Army responsible for 93 % of these atrocities and the victims of these massacres to be overwhelmingly Mayan in origin. The "scorched-earth" policies pursued from 1978-83 was so brutal and seemingly indiscriminately murderous towards the indigenous that it has led many to call the scores of massacres "genocide." During the war, violence against women was systematic and prevalent. Thousands of women and girls, primarily non-combatants of indigenous descent, were raped, tortured, and murdered. Though female homicide as a social phenomenon can be observed in numerous parts of the world, such as Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, the case of Guatemala is of particular interest due to the very recent civil war (1960-1996) and the continuing impact the trauma of the war has had on all spheres of Guatemalan society. iii Though there has been some attention paid to the culture of impunity continuing after the war, the majority of existing research only makes a brief mention of the link between former paramilitary groups and the high incidence of female homicide. To understand the phenomenon of contemporary female homicide in Guatemala, I use a historical lens with which to assess the role of the Guatemalan military complex in promoting generalized violence as a means to both retain and expand its power. My thesis seeks to investigate the possibility that patterns of gender-based violence in Guatemala today can be traced back to the brutal counterinsurgency methods and structural violence employed against women during the civil war. Table of Contents Page Number Introduction In 2009, 796 women were murdered in Guatemala, a statistic reflective of the rising rate of female homicides. Though more men than women are being killed, what distinguishes the murders of women is evidence of torture, such as rape, stabbing, or mutilation before being killed. Though Guatemalan state officials often decry the violent murders as isolated incidents or the crimes of gang youths, these explanations are simply strategies to deflect state responsibility for human rights atrocities. As is discussed in subsequent sections, the continuity in violence from the civil war is still being wielded by the military as a political weapon with which to remain in power. I. The Politics of "Femicide" The lack of acknowledgement of gender-based crimes in Guatemala is evinced by the fact that many "femicide" cases are often shelved into the category of "other causes" or "gang related". Amnesty International (AI) states that these categories "conceal the gender-based brutality and sexual nature of many of the killings in which the victim present evidence of rape, mutilation, and dismemberment" (Amnesty 5). Many feminists note that police refuse to look at crimes as gendered, though the brutality of the methods employed and the gender specific methods of violence, such as rape, against the murdered women point to the fact that the victim‟s gender as indeed a motive. This falls into a long-standing pattern demonstrated in many patriarchal societies, in which the motivations for gender-specific violence are obscured or dismissed entirely. There is a general consensus in applying the label of "femicide" to characterize the killings in Guatemala. However, much like the label of "genocide", the term "femicide" is often poorly defined and saddled with varying interpretations. Femicide is defined by the Centre for Human Rights Legal Action (CALDH) as "a combination of repeated and systematic violations of women‟s rights and a state of misogynist violence resulting in assaults, attacks, abuse, and in the most extreme cases, the brutal murder of women" (qtd. in Doiron). Author Jane Caputi further characterizes femicide as a "social expression of sexual politics, an institutionalized and ritual enactment of male domination, and a form of terror that functions to maintain the power of the patriarchal order" (Caputi 205). Human rights activists assert that these killings deserve special attention due to the torture and sexual violence perpetrated before the murder, evidence which suggests that the primary motive for the killings was the victim's gender. Prominent Guatemala scholar, Victoria Sanford, and the Guatemala Human Rights Commission (GHRC) both differentiate "femicide" from the term "feminicide" which has a distinctly more political significance and implicates the involvement and complicity of local and state power structures that downplay or dismiss violence against women. As I will argue below, the label does not provide any additional conceptual advantage in understanding the phenomenon of high female homicide rate in Guatemala. Therefore, I will use "femicide" in this paper to mean the killing of women by men, applying the narrowest definition of this term without implying motive, except where otherwise noted. Victoria Sanford describes "feminicide" in the Guatemala context as the "institutionalized killing of women" - an extension of the genocidal army policy during the civil war (Sanford 104). Sanford‟s paper asserts that women and girls were primary targets of the genocide because of their reproductive capacity and that the types of violence towards women manifested intent to destroy the cultural group (Sanford 107). This somewhat coincides with Ricardo Falla‟s interpretation of the UN Convention on Genocide, stating that if the UN Convention on Genocide definition were to be applied, he "does not believe that the army tried to exterminate the entire indigenous population …because it makes up most of the country‟s agricultural workforce. But it did want to exterminate entire groups of both Indians and ladinos" (Falla 158) 1 . He concludes 1 The 1948 UN Convention defines genocide as the commission of any of the following acts with "intent to destroy, in whole or in part; a national, ethnical, racial or religious group as such: a) killing members of the group; b) causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; c) deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in by saying that "the intention of genocide is present when the army kills to exterminate the biological seed of the group" (158). This suggests that the dictatorships of Rios Montt and General Lucas Garcia reflected genocidal intent at various periods during 1978-1983, and the "genocide" could only be applied on micro scale to individual massacres where there existed an intent to "exterminate the biological seed" (Falla 158). However, applying the label of either "genocide" or "femicide" based on analysis of only select massacres weakens this claim. As Guatemala scholar Greg Grandin emphasizes in his argument against the CEH's designation of "genocide", communities perceived as supporting the rebels were terrorized disproportionately, and thus the massacres fell into the characterization of counterinsurgency rather than genocide (347). Thus, Sanford's assertion is problematic because it oversimplifies a counterinsurgency campaign that used both modes of "selective" and "indiscriminate" massacres to create a generalized climate of fear in which to make survivors more amenable to the military‟s preferred outlook. The shift from "selective" to "indiscriminate" massacres during the reign of Rios Montt, meant the homicide rate for women during the civil war increased dramatically from 14% of victims, to 42% (Sanford 107). Yet it is unclear from this statistic whether women were targeted specifically for their reproductive capacity as Sanford suggests or simply because total extermination of all inhabitants was part of the "scorched earth" policy imposed by Rios Montt. If there was a specific intent to kill women, it would presumably mean that women would account for at least half if not more of the victims of part; d) imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; e) forcibly transferring children of the group to another group." the massacres. However, CEH statistics show that women were victims of 20-25% of human rights violations during the war (CEH qtd. in Franco 2 ). Nonetheless, evidence provided by the CEH and REHMI of violence against women committed in the civil war suggests that the killing of women was institutionalized as a secondary goal in the context of the counterinsurgency during the civil war and then as a mechanism of social control and political oppression afterwards. This remains one problematic feature in proving occurrences of "femicide", the killing of women by men, and "feminicide", the killing of women by men with the complicity of the state, since both definitions state that the gender of the victim was the driving motive for the murder. In this respect, neither Sanford nor other sources, demonstrate convincingly that the high female homicide in Guatemala is driven by a state promoted ideology of hatred towards women. Though Sanford cites that contemporary feminicide in Guatemala is borne out of the civil war era's genocidal intent towards women, her evidence for this claim rests on shaky ground. Violence against women was indeed systematic during certain periods of the civil war, especially during the "indiscriminate" phases of the scorched earth campaign. However, rape and other gender-specific modes of violence were used not as an end goal but in the larger context of the Guatemalan counterinsurgency logic. Though female victims are singled out for gendered violence, there is evidence to suggest that this is merely a continuation of repression from the civil war, and not "femicide", that is, a traditional definition of femicide with gender as the primary motive. The Guatemalan 2 The CEH details the exact percentages of victims by gender for various human rights violation. I have included the percentages here : extrajudicial execution (23% of victims were female, 77% male), deprivation of freedom (21% female, 79% male, torture (23% female, 77% male), forced disappearance (12% female, 78% male), Death due to displacement (51% female, 49% male), rape (99% female, 1% male). state does not merely normalize misogyny but promotes violence, which can take on gendered dimensions when dealing with women, such as the use of rape and other types of sexual violence. The retention of military structures and former perpetrators maintain a climate of fear in order to serve the broader political function of silencing dissent and any threats to its authority. The way contemporary violence of women is being characterized does not fully explain or highlight the distinct historical and social processes in Guatemala that have contributed to these enduring patterns of violence. The label "femicide" also often orients the focus on individual motivations for murders or attributes them to a broad culture of patriarchy, while sidelining the specific social, political, and historical processes contributing to female homicide in Guatemala. Caputi and Russell write that "Fixation on the pathology of perpetrators of violence against women only obscures the social control function of these acts" (Caputi 14). The state's "social control" objective is perhaps most apparent in the high homicide rate, which has been linked by numerous sources to former actors from the civil war promoting public insecurity, in order to politically muzzle the population (Peacock 2). According to Susan Peacock, "the number and patterns of the cases point to a systematic targeting of civil society actors and others involved in anti-impunity initiatives - both those who seek justice for past abuses…and those who denounce present day corruption by state agents" (Peacock 2). Within this framework, politically motivated killings in Guatemala have historically included women and the public display of their tortured bodies to intimidate and paralyze the society. Thus, it is important to delve further to explain the killings in Guatemala as more than a perfect storm of misogyny run amok in the face of government apathy. Rather, the Guatemalan state is using violence and terror against vulnerable groups such as women to preserve the inegalitarian status quo, using tactics perfected during the civil war. II. Contemporary Violence against Women in Guatemala The GHRC reports that between the years 2000 and 2008, roughly 4,000 women have been murdered in Guatemala. Homicide rates in Guatemala are the highest in Latin America, with 42 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants and female homicides accounting for roughly 10% of all murders in 2005 (Sanford 105). However, it is important to note that while Guatemala generally has a high rate of homicide, the increase in deaths for men and women are not comparable. According to Rosalyn Constantino, "in 2004 the number of violent deaths rose in general in Guatemala, murders of men increased by 36 percent while those of women went up by 56.8 percent; in that year, 527 women were reported kidnapped, missing, tortured, and murdered." Most of the victims are between the ages of thirteen and twenty-two years old, although there have certainly been many cases of younger and older victims (Constantino). One case recorded by Amnesty of 15-year-old Maria Isabel showed that the young girl had suffered extreme torture, strangulation, multiple stabbings, and had her hands and feet bound with barbed wire (Amnesty 3). Maria Isabel was one of the few lucky enough to have a witness to identify two of her attackers as well as the house where she was kept before being murdered. Another victim, Andrea Fabiola Contreras Bacaro, was found with the word "vengeance" carved into her skin with a knife (Amnesty 11). Bacaro‟s body also demonstrated many similar signs of torture, rape, and injuries from being stabbed and shot. The fact that the murder victims come from varying age groups and socioeconomic levels has been used as evidence to identify gender as the only common link and possible motive (Shepard). According to Jane Caputi and Diana E.H. Russell, obfuscation of gendered motives for attacks on women by the media and law enforcement has a long history (Caputi). In a series of murder of sex workers in 2001, one victim was found with the words "death to bitches, I‟ve come back", and another victim was found with "I hate bitches" (Amnesty 13). Despite the obvious hostility and sexism present in these messages, the murder was classified by the Guatemalan National Police (PNC) in a way that denied a gender based motive. Some deaths of women have been attributed to gang territoriality from groups such as Mara Salvatrucha, either because the victim wanted to leave the gang or had refused the attentions of a gang member. Though there has certainly been an escalation of gang violence, the Guatemalan police hold these groups uniquely accountable for female homicides. Amnesty reports that when members of the gang Mara Salvatrucha raped and dismembered two sisters, 11 and 16, with a handsaw the courts handed down a fifty year sentence to the guilty party (Amnesty 13). However, in a country with a conviction rate of less than 5%, it is clear that there is political basis for which cases police decide to pursue, investigate, and prosecute. Many scholars have cited that gangs in Guatemala provide police with a convenient scapegoat for the killing of women despite the fact that the methods of killing normally featured in gang violence are inconsistent with the extensive torture and injuries suffered by victims in femicide cases. Gang motivated violence usually revolve around demonstrating power and influence, and are measured in the extent of brutality meted out to victims. This dynamic mirrors the ethos of the Guatemalan army during the civil war, where soldiers were encouraged to commit acts of barbarism including cannibalism, humiliation of victims, and were rewarded in doing so. In fact, upon seeing one femicide victim, Guatemala's morgue chief Mario Guerra professed "I know she died of torture, machete wounds, strangulation, mutilation, dismemberment, blows, rape…I had previously seen this type of violence, but only during the war" (Guerra qtd. in Shepard). Nearly all the female homicide victims show evidence of torture and sexual abuse, thus requiring a window of time and a remote place in which the victims could be tortured without public notice. However, gangs often use guns to kill their victims and leave the crime scene quickly to avoid police sweeps. Sanford states that "gang violence generally involves fire arms and knives. The victim is left with a tattoo or some other distinct mark carved on the body of the victim to mark the authority of the gang" (Sanford 111). Sanford emphasizes that the murder usually shows no expertise and employ a limited amount of resources due to the financial constraints of gangs. Most of the murdered women were found in a different location than where they were tortured, pointing to one or more killers with a means of transport, time, and a means of bypassing authorities. Given such distinct killing styles, gang violence is markedly different from contemporary female homicide in Guatemala, which exhibits a separate set of defining characteristics and requires the complicity of authorities (Sanford 112). The methods of killing show a high degree of organization, thus bolstering the belief that the Guatemalan police (PNC) are colluding with drug trafficking gangs in either perpetuating the violence or covering it up. Police reports often include fabricated details linking the victim to gangs or prostitution despite the fact that very few of the victims actually were prostitutes. This suggests that the PNC believe that women who were linked to either of these stigmatized groups deserved no protection or further investigation, or are socially undesirable and therefore should be targets of violence. Similarly, during the civil war, military officials would often link women they assaulted or murdered as being guerrillas or having links to subversive groups. The mentality shared by the PNC and military is one that demands that marginalized groups such as the poor, women, and street children prove their respectability. Victims are often dismissed because of their supposed involvement with gangs, with 21% of female homicide classified by the PNC as gang related (Sanford 117). Victim blaming is a convenient way for the police to place the onus on the victims for their deaths and is a consistent feature of the Guatemalan police approach to the murders. The families are often interrogated by the police as to whether the victim was dressed provocatively at the time she disappeared, if she had a boyfriend, or had been working as a prostitute or dancer unbeknownst to them. These types of questions merely bolster the idea that if a woman was murdered, perhaps she had done something to deserve it with her behavior. The police frequently attempt to portray the young murder victims as prostitutes, implying that such women were not worthy of protection or further investigation. Even when families come to the police, their inquiries are dismissed and the victim‟s character is denigrated. However, there is evidence to suggest that the police department's apathy may not be so benign, as they have often attempted to downplay the nature of the crimes and have actively discouraged investigation by the families of the murdered women. The response of local officials and state authorities to the climbing murder rate of women in Guatemala City reflects a deep apathy and even antagonism. According to Sanford, murdered women provide a convenient and socially popular justification for targeting poor urban youth that join gangs. In blaming gangs, the state effectively hands off any responsibility for the pervasive climate of impunity and violence. Author Linda Green writes that though the Guatemalan government pays lip service to its‟ citizens about a commitment to human rights, "no one in the high command of the military has ever been convicted or served a prison term for human rights violations, despite the fact that frequently there has been substantial evidence indicating the complicity of the state security forces" (Green 67). The killings in Guatemala have often been compared to femicide in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, which has gained international notoriety as a city where killers thrive on the climate of impunity. In 1993, Ciudad Juarez saw a disturbing trend of extremely violent murders of young women that has continued unchecked for more than fifteen years. Author Katherine Staudt notes that the rise in gender violence and particularly the high rate of female homicide may also be partially attributed to a male backlash in rising levels of female economic independence (Staudt 55). This generally accords with what many have cited as one of the contributing causes of the increased homicide rate for women in Guatemala. Sanford writes that femicide "reveals the very social character of the killing of women as a product of relations of power between men and women" (Sanford 112). This may help explain the killings associated with domestic abuse scenarios and boyfriends or husbands retaliating against what they perceive as a disruption of traditional gender roles. However, violence against women concentrated in urban centers such as Guatemala City may also be explained partially by the historical movement of migrant labor. This trend has been noted in other cities, such as the large population of female migrants in Ciudad Juarez who come to work in the maquiladoras. Author Risa GraisTargow makes this link as well citing that the Guatemala City is a site where vulnerable groups migrate for work, noting that "many women are uprooted from the rural areas, their communities, and families and migrate to urban areas for work. Once they migrate, they have no support network, and they become even more open and vulnerable to violence" (Grais Targow 30). Constantino describes Guatemala's femicide victims as "women who, because of migration, geographic location, or employment, lack close family or community ties, have limited access to the legal system, or work in public spaces that cultural values still mark as masculine." Indeed, many of the sources of gender violence in Juarez are also used to describe the high rates of female homicide in Guatemala. The rise of female-headed households and higher female employment in the maquiladoras has increased "tensions having to do with the distribution of power and resource allocation result between men and women living together" (Fernandez-Kelley 55). Fragoso underscores this point, writing that "men react confronting the liberation of women: while more women gain access to jobs, financial growth and professional success, the violence of men against women increases, although not necessarily against those who are successful" (Fragoso 6). Both Fragoso and Staudt hint that this growing economic resentment in Juarez may have created a generalized antagonism towards women in Juarez society on the part of men. Studies have shown that even earning modest sums of money give women a measure of power in the family structure. Similarly, the rise in female employment in Guatemala may have disturbed existing power hierarchies. It is important, however, to point out that the much discussed culture of "machismo" in Guatemala is only part of the analysis of the roots of gender violence in Guatemala City. One cannot analyze these various contributing factors without looking at the historical context of the civil war. Constantino and others point to numerous factors that have resulted in a push back to an increased climate of repression for women, including the remilitarization of Guatemalan society and integration of security forces from the war into civil society. Constantino attributes several methods of repression such as torture and murder to the armed forces still operating in Guatemala, writing that "carryover of the rage and cruelty that characterized these groups‟ actions during the internal conflict directed specifically at indigenous populations and women" (Constantino). Addressing the causes of "femicide" in Guatemala is a daunting task due to the difficulty in getting local authorities to cooperate and the myriad clandestine groups that still function with impunity. Though Guatemala's patriarchal attitudes and institutional apathy are clearly problematic, these features do not provide a comprehensive explanation for the proliferation of homicide and the role of the Guatemalan state. Only by placing the violent deaths of these women in a proper historical context can we begin to explain the structural violence of a state responsible for such high rates of homicide. III. Guatemalan Civil War It would be difficult to understand the exceptionally brutal nature of the counterinsurgency campaign against the Mayan population without placing it within the historical context of racism and marginalization of the indigenous population of Guatemala. Ladinos were concentrated in the upper most levels of society and were of mixed Spanish and Mayan ancestry. However, historically, these two groups have largely lived in segregation. The gross disparities in land distribution, the lack of regard for basic infrastructure such as schools or hospitals in rural areas resulted in the vast majority of Mayans being illiterate. Simon notes that the disdain for Indians was also seen in everyday Guatemalan parlance and was so pervasive that Guatemalan Nobel laureate Miguel Angel Asturias penned an essay in 1923 entitled "The Indian Social Problem," in which he asserted that they were "dirty, slow, barbaric, and cruel." (59) Exploitation was present in nearly every aspect of the lives of Mayan peasants and their poverty and marginalization was so entrenched in Guatemala that it became nearly a defining character. This only contributed to their disenfranchisement by the Guatemalan state (Manz 44). Beatrice Manz discusses the various implications of the 1934 Vagrancy law, established under President Ubico, which forced "any person who was not working on plantation…or not planting a specified number of acres of land" to enter into a system of debt bondage (47). This law effectively bound Mayan peasant to fincas (farms) in a system which ultimately amounted to slavery since plantation owners were afforded unlimited power in enforcing this law, and resulted in 25% of the male population of entire villages was drafted to work on fincas without pay. According to Jean-Marie Simon, the civil patrol system has its roots in a similar system of forced labor that spans back to the 16 th century, as well as a steady process of expropriation which evicted thousands of peasants from their land (Simon 20). However, under President Juan Jose Arevalo (1945-51), the Vagrancy law was abolished, and various reforms were instituted. Most notably, unions were legalized and some funding was, for perhaps the first time, directed towards rural development and therefore benefited the majority indigenous population. President Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán continued these changes by reimbursing the expropriated land (21). As Simon is quick to point out, Arbenz‟s land reforms were not radical by any stretch of the imagination. However, in a country that had persecuted their Mayan population for centuries, any move that broke with a tradition of siding with land-owning ladino elites was welcome. During this time Mayan peasants began to get involved politically, running for leadership positions in departments with a majority Indian population such as Chimaltenango (Davis 16). The increased political consciousness of many landless peasants, primarily Mayan, manifested itself in factory strikes, town rebellions, and marches. Small rural labor groups such as the Committee of Peasant Unity (CUC) began forming, attempting to unite both ladino and Indian farm workers (20). The organizing efforts of these various groups led to small successes and spawned a number of worker‟s rights groups. Naturally, these subtle moves towards aiding the swathes of poverty struck peasants troubled the CIA‟s "Committee Against Communism" prompting them to compile a black list of 70,000 names (Davis 23). Most of these names were drawn from friends and supporters of President Arbenz, and were automatically handed off to Guatemalan death squads. The CIA then engineered a coup against Arbenz 1954, replacing the democratically elected leader with a puppet dictator Carlos Castillo that would presumably take a hard line stance against the perceived rising threat of communism in Guatemala. The power transfer to Castillo symbolized a halt to the "ten years of spring" ushered in by Arevalo and Arbenz. After this brief period of democratic reforms for the indigenous such as suffrage and land reform, multinational interests spearheaded by the United Fruit Company in the United States obliterated the progress made. Moreover, under Castillo, any sign of dissent was brutally suppressed. Generally, the military apparatus began including various sectors of civil society in the war against the guerillas, perceiving any dissent as an internal threat to the state (Manz 18). This meant an unspoken death warrant for students, particularly of the University of San Carlos, lawyers, activists, and anyone even tangentially associated with opposition to the powerful military complex. The thousands of murdered Mayans were considered collateral damage within the cold war ideology prevalent at the time. The army responded to any sign of activism by amplifying the repression, using fear as a potent means to rule the populace (Manz 20). In keeping with this open policy of terror, the tortured and mutilated bodies of union members, progressives, and activists would routinely show up in the streets. However, the Mayan Indian population bore the brunt of army violence, with massacres racking up death tolls in the thousands. According to Simon, "the retrieval of bodies was so enormous…that they were referred to as leña, firewood" (77). Though massacres against Mayan communities had been carried out by government forces since the 1970‟s, the early 1980‟s saw a sharp peak in the violence, within the context of a larger counterinsurgency campaign. In order to get a representation of the modes of violence used against women in the civil war and the current instability in Guatemalan society, it is important to trace the origins of the counterinsurgency campaigns of General Lucas Garcia and Rios Montt, which account for the majority of the human rights violations committed during the course of the civil war. Ricardo Falla spent a number of years in Ixcán as an anthropologist and saw nearly all phases of military aggression against the local population. He notes that the period of 1979-81 showed a spate of abductions and widespread use of torture. The military initially targeted leaders within communities, including anyone suspected of either being a rebel or collaborating with them (Falla 33). Falla notes that "these abductions were premeditated; the lieutenant knew of them and protected their perpetrators" (33). Also the attacks were carried out in the cover of night fall, making it easier for the army to place the blame on the rebels. Some massacres were selective, such as the one in Cuarto Pueblo on April 30 th , 1981, where the military primarily targeted adult men (Falla 42) who were members of the local cooperative which extended to the whole village. In Falla‟s research, the army made no such distinction in the massacres to the east of Ixcán. Falla cites beheading, rape, strangulation, burning, and evisceration among the tactics that were employed by the military in the Santa Maria Tzeja massacre as well as countless others in February 1982 (54). Falla‟s opinion from his research was that the military "preferred other forms of death to shooting, not out of purse sadism but to avoid bullet shots, which would alert the people in the town of the army‟s proximity" (Falla 71). The army would deliberately chose the day and time when all of the villagers would be gathered together in the market or church, in order to inflict the greatest amount of damage. Moreover, right after instructing the villagers not to run, they sprayed bullets into the crowd and then chased survivors. No one was spared including women and children. This was Rios Montt‟s solution to eradicating the rebels: "to kill the fish, you must drain the sea." Though Rios Montt has in rare instances admitted that his army committed "excesses", namely widespread human abuses, author Jennifer Schirmer asserts that this was a brutal approach was totally in line with the scorched-earth campaign. The complete destruction of non-combatants in enemy zones was intended to take away a base from which the guerillas could recruit new remembers. However, the military was very strategic in choosing their targets. Their maps showed enemy zones marked as "red", denoting that the civilian population would be wiped out. Those villages in the "pink" zones faced attack and partial destruction and the "white" zones would remain untouched (Schirmer 48). Schirmer describes this move as a reclassification of all indigenous in the marked zones as subversives and thus employed a "scorched earth" calling for complete destruction. According to Green, the shift from selective targeting to an all encompassing scorched earth counterinsurgency framework essentially stripped women and children of their protected status in society (9). Other "protected spaces" such as churches and homes that had been desecrated and used as the sites of massacres similarly created an atmosphere that offered no refuge from the violence. Moreover, the fact that the counterinsurgency model actively promoted the belief that there were no "protected spaces" or "protected groups", provoked unthinkable barbarism from soldiers. Green writes that this reconfiguring of civilian and enemy meant that "the community now embodies the very mechanisms of state terror under the aegis of military control" (Green 9). The massacres in the Ixil triangle provide a representative sample with which to assess the various kinds of violence perpetrated against women in the context of "scorched earth" policy. The destruction of Piedras Blancas and other villages in the region were so complete that Falla called it "a clear example of genocide" (Falla 135). More specifically, he cites the army‟s brutal attacks on pregnant women such as evisceration and mutilation of the fetus inside as an attempt to "wipe out the seed" of the guerillas (147). However, several sources make it clear that the murder of women was not one of the primary objectives of the massacre as Sanford suggests. Though there were certainly massacres where women and children were the only victims, REHMI states that usually this occurred when "men either were absent from the village at the time….or they had already been killed" (REHMI 75). According to one priest interviewed by Amnesty International as an eyewitness to a massacre in Huehuetenango, "the women were treated the same as the men, differing only in that some had live babies on their backs when they were stacked for burning" (Amnesty 63). Though women constituted only 23 % of victims in the war, those that survived the massacres had endured countless hardships including repeated rape, torture, and the disappearance of loved ones. When women were separated from men, it was often for gang rape or additional torture. It was also common for soldiers to indulge in "games" designed to humiliate and denigrate their female victims, such as making them cook before raping and killing them. According to Green, rape was generally used as a "mechanism of inscribing the societal violence on individual women‟s bodies and memories" (32). Gang rape and long term sexual slavery was also very common according to the numerous testimonies recorded by REHMI and described as "part of the war machinery" (REHMI 77). REHMI also explicitly states that "a premeditated strategy of violence specifically targeting women cannot be inferred from the information compiled….the testimonies do indicate, however, that the army‟s counterinsurgency tactics against women were consistent at different places and times and formed part of its strategy of mass destruction" (REHMI 79). Death as a result of repeated rape of the victim and rape was a consistent feature of one out of every six massacres investigated by REHMI (77). One perpetrator interviewed by REHMI attests to the inhuman way women were treated: "One day I was able to escape and, while hidden, I saw a woman. They shot her and she fell. All the soldiers left their packs and dragged her like a dog to the riverbank. They raped and killed her. Also, a helicopter that was flying overheard landed, and they all did the same thing to her" (REHMI 77). However, although rape was exceedingly common during the war, there is evidence to suggest that it was not an explicit design of the counterinsurgency campaign. However, though interviews of military officials and G-2 torturers by Schirmer state that rape was "systematic", there is little evidence to support the claim that it was an explicit aim of the army. Rather, as many sources including author Jean Franco suggest, rape was merely among the many tools used by the army to subjugate, psychologically and physically destroy those they viewed as "subversives". This view of subversives certainly included women, especially "enemy women" who were subordinated through rape. "Many perpetrators viewed rape as something natural, and of little significance, in the course of violence against women and communities. This normalization of violence was used as a form of psychosexual control over soldiers, in which women were considered part of the "spoils of war" (REHMI 171). This mentality of "total destruction" of the enemy can be seen in the training materials given to soldiers often depicted graphic pictures of enemy combatants and the exaltation of the unpleasant but necessary duties of soldiers in service of their country. Even such training materials that included human rights principles did not translate to how military operations were carried out on the ground. Amnesty found that some training materials such as the official magazine Soldado "encouraged a concept of „total warfare‟, whereby both the enemy as well as anyone suspected of sympathy for it must be "implacably‟ destroyed‟" (Amnesty 49). The army also showed a lack of compliance with international standards of military conduct and essentially ignored basic rights covered by the UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights such as "the right to life and to be protected from torture, even during times of public emergency" (qtd. in Amnesty 49). A human rights framework also seemed to be completely absent in the training of groups such as the elite Kaibiles who are noted for their brutality in counterinsurgency operations (49). The chasm between the official stance on treatment of prisoners and enemy combatants and their actual treatment is indeed striking. The effects of military brainwashing can be seen perhaps most clearly in the civil patrol system. The army, in its attempts to extend its reach into the rural hamlets of Guatemala, forcibly conscripted thousands of indigenous men to form civil patrols (patrullas de autodefensa, PACs). The Americas Watch report published in 1986 called it "the most extensive counterinsurgency model of its kind in the world" (2). The civil patrol system was integral to the army‟s counterinsurgency campaign, providing a means of controlling and terrorizing the population, while simultaneously creating distrust and division within whole communities. The level of civil patrol (PAC) involvement in the massacres, their motives for joining or participating in genocidal acts all point to the normalization of violence both during the war and in the post-conflict era. The civil patrol system was integral to the army‟s counterinsurgency campaign, providing a means of controlling and terrorizing the population, while simultaneously creating distrust and division within whole communities. Many sources note that the modes of violence seen in contemporary femicide cases are reminiscent of those employed by soldiers in the civil war. Thus, an in depth study analyzing the methods of killing used by massacres involving the PAC as well as their training may shed light on the military apparatus that is largely culpable for these horrific crimes against humanity. Rise of the Civil Patrols Though the civil patrol system was initially proposed by General Lucas Garcia, the system was fully realized and burgeoned under the Rios Montt regime. At the start of Rios Montt‟s presidency there were a mere 25,000 PACs though by 1985 over 900,000 indigenous men had been drafted and nearly all rural villages in Guatemala had implemented the patrol system (Carmack). Though initially framed as a "voluntary" service by the Guatemalan government, the vast majority of civil patrollers were recruited forcibly by the army. Desertion or refusal to join had serious consequences and most had no choice under the onslaught of torture and death threats to eventually give in. Part of the strategy was clearly to have an additional source of soldiers to patrol and monitor rural areas, but by forcing patrollers to participate in the violence, they made them as complicit as the military. This, once again, undermined any efforts of community‟s to heal and accept former patrollers back into the community. Many human rights organizations have documented that several leaders of the patrols remain living in the same communities they terrorized years ago, fortifying the power structure created by the military. The army used the rural population to subvert any support systems available to rebels. Ironically, though the government often described the patrols as designed to defend the communities, the departments with the largest number of patrollers (86,000 patrollers in Quiché and another 80,000 in Huehuetenango) also registered the greatest rates of repression and death during the course of the war. Officially, the minimum age for patrol system was eighteen although the Americas Watch report found patrollers from eight years old to seventy (27). The modus operandi usually involved the military rounding up all men from 15 and upwards, often corralling groups at markets, parades, church, and work sites (115). The villages were already so militarized that it was virtually impossible to resist being captured and forced into civil patrol duty. Though it is difficult to pin down what percentage of atrocities one can attribute to the PACs, it was the army‟s express design as it "gave the military a defenseless scapegoat on whom to pass of its on atrocities; either by forcing patrollers to carry out their own dirty work, or by merely claiming that alleged killings were the work of PAC units" (118). One article on the patrol system stated that "under Rios Montt, the incorporation of civil patrols into state-led massacres doubled, accounting for 41 percent of all the army's massacres, while the amount of victims to violence directed by the military in which the civil patrols participated more than tripled to 47 percent of those killed" (Lawless). There were 8 distinct levels of command between the rank-and-file civil patrol member and the military zone commander (41). The head of the civil patrol was chosen as someone who could command the community and moreover demonstrate the appropriate level of affinity for Army ideology. The strict chain of command enforced the fact the military largely did not trust the civil patrollers. The fact that the majority were from many of the indigenous communities the army was steadily purging led to most patrollers being given very little information about the nature of their operations (57). The system lent itself to exploitation and abuse of the local populations as patrol commanders would frequently rape women or extract bribes for fleeting protection. Schirmer asserts that "some civil patrol leaders do take a harder line against resisters than even the army does, revealing that some do revel in the control and abuse of fellow villagers" (Schirmer 93). Indeed, the civil patrol system provides a microcosm with which to assess the ways in which corruption, violence, and military ideologies of dominance and civilian repression intensified before and after the war. The system lent itself to exploitation and abuse of the local populations as patrol commanders would frequently rape women or extract bribes for fleeting protection. The military enjoyed such impunity that those patrollers that embraced their duties, stood to benefit from their positions. Manz stated that "it became common practice for a patrol chief to spread rumors about an individual he did not like, hoping for some personal gain for himself while causing fear, military punishment, or even death for the victim" (166). However, by and large, Davis cited a high level of "guilt and shame that people had internalized as a result of their participation in the civil patrol system" (28). This may be particular to the Kanjobal community Davis worked in, however REHMI noted similar sentiments. One priest recounted what one patroller had told him about his experiences as a PAC: "He told me that he had been forced to kill, and that afterwards, the army had made him drink the blood of the man he had killed. I think that his is some kind of psychology so that people become more brutal, more fierce" (Americas Watch, 62). Indeed, Alex Hinton‟s theory of psychosocial dissonance (PSD) may be one way to explain how civil patrollers managed to override ties to their communities and participate in numerous human rights violations. According to Hinton, the ability to commit violence against others is normally overcome by the following process: "a person must usually make a series of psychological moves, such as changing their understanding of what they are doing, altering their behavioral norms, or learning new cognitive models for action. The state may facilitate this conversion process through political training and indoctrination by promoting an ideology of hate, diminishing the legal and moral inhibitions against violence, normalizing violence, and creating new contexts in which violence against "the enemy" is legitimated." (Hinton 236) As Hinton claims, the state‟s role in normalizing violence is a salient comparison for those members of the PAC that perpetrated horrific acts against a defenseless populace. Under the auspices of Rios Montt and Garcia, the military acted as the only existing authority and thus had the power to confer power unilaterally. Some civil patrollers were unable to disconnect entirely from their identity as Mayan Indians, an identity that was continually under assault by the military, by choosing desertion or noncompliance. However, as stated above, noncompliance came with its own hazards, namely torture or death. Others still took advantage of their blighted situation, noting that the closer their association with army ideals and power structure, the greater their chances for survival. As Hinton concludes, "desensitization makes dehumanization of victims seem more normal" (217). Though Hinton used his theory to explain that participation of civilians in the Cambodian genocide, there are similar parallels to be drawn with the PACs. Civil patrollers engaged in numerous atrocities during their raids on villages including rape. Anthropological studies indicate that prior to the civil war; incidences of rape within the rural Indian hamlets were rare. However, rape became exceedingly common during the course of the scorched-earth campaign. One soldier claimed that "we all had the idea that once we were in the army we‟d have more girls than we‟d know what to do with." The army encouraged the use of prostitutes almost as a rite of passage for new recruits. The volunteer soldier said "The Politecnica [Military Academy] are the worst: they‟re very aggressive and they tell you, „Okay, bring me women‟s underwear and if you don‟t I‟m going to punish you when you come back‟" (88). The military actively encouraged the subjugation of women, with army values of dominance and power taking on gendered dimensions. The REHMI report supports this conclusion, positing that the "public display of sexual violence against women, often by several men at once, reinforced a spirit of machista complicity and extolled power and authority as "masculine" traits" (77). One witness cited in the REHMI report said "The PAC and the army raped some children and women. They killed them with bullets and hung them by the neck." (78) The military "training" patrollers went through, served to lower or suspend the moral boundaries of ordinary behavior in a military offensive that not only condoned but exalted rape. Moreover, the army as an institution isolated the soldiers from anything familiar, continually driving the point that their friends, family and kinship ties no longer had any significance. One former soldier succinctly comments on the transformation: "Most soldiers aren‟t aggressive to begin with; you become that way. It‟s because of the mistreatment you receive in the army…you become so changed that, after awhile, I didn‟t talk to those people who hadn‟t been in the army, only those who had, because someone who has served has the same kind of mentality, and you‟re more macho, more of a man" (REHMI 101). The omnipresent feeling of imminent death that civil patrollers faced having been trapped in a conflict may have had the effect of eroding natural sensibilities and identity. Hinton claims that "meaninglessness, uncertainty, and danger-conditions that may generate considerable fear and anxiety-not only threaten one‟s continued being but also undermine the self-concepts that give us a sense of identity and structure the ways in which we interpret experience and act in the world." (243). The army gave the PACs a new identity, one that claimed to have the moral high ground (however erroneously), thus effectively framing the rhetoric of the counterinsurgency into a binary: "them" or "us." Hinton claims that one means of coping was to identify oneself as an extension of a more powerful institution. (243). Since desertion and noncompliance carried such severe consequences, the climate of the war may have made it psychologically more imperative for patrollers to associate themselves with a strong, powerful institution such as the military. The majority of massacres with civil patrol participation involved members perpetrating violence against communities they did not belong to. Initially, patrol members were coerced to commit acts of violence against subversives in their own community. It is possible that after the initial shock of having to kill members of their own community, PACs found it easier to perpetrate violence against neighboring villages that perhaps did not share their ethno linguistic background. Moreover, the conflict may have heightened existing tensions between communities and armed civil patrollers, under the auspices of the state, was allowed to commit murder as retaliation. Any "excesses" committed by the PACs were rarely punished as they were in accordance with the normal counterinsurgency tactics practiced. In fact the patrol system supplanted old community dynamics and replaced them with a traditional army hierarchy. Those who aligned themselves with the military through the civil patrol legitimized their authority over their village and had opportunities to take advantage of their power. According to Davis, it "was used to settle personal or inter-family rivalries and a source of great abuse of authority and power." Moreover, it had become virtually the only judicial avenue for Indians. Thus, as of 1985, Davis observed that "most disputes were settled through arbitrary acts of violence by local civil patrol commanders, members of rival civil patrol units, or, in the final instance, local or regional army commanders." (29). According to Beatrice Manz, the army‟s purpose was to "use the patrols to rip apart and then restructure social relations throughout the countryside, implanting its values and strict control at the most basic village level" (Manz 160). Mirroring the military hierarchy precisely, the leaders of the civil patrols were chosen based on their loyalty to the institution and the counterinsurgency campaign (Schirmer 93). REHMI supports this characterization of army promotion, stating that "one of the most important variables for promotion and enhancing one‟s status was not how well one followed orders, but rather the brutality with which they were carried out. The ability to kill, to take initiative during massacres, and to demonstrate cruelty in the course of operations were implicitly valued by the army and other security forces…A perverse system was created in which disregard for human life was a prerequisite for promotion" (REHMI 129). Army training varied among civil patrols but most included a two pronged approach that is resonant with Hinton‟s idea that "killing tends to become easier when perpetrators are desensitized to violence, internalize violent ideologies, dehumanize their victims, undergo moral restructuring so that violence becomes morally justified, use euphemistic language that masks their deeds, and displace responsibility onto figures of authority" (236). The grotesque methods of violence such as raping or decapitating victims before killing them indeed show intent to dehumanize. This process of desensitization is almost always accompanied by lectures on army ideology emphasizing a narrow sense of patriotism that utilized violence at every turn. According to the testimony of one former member of the Guatemalan Army, Pedro Luis Ruiz, the process of militarizing Guatemala meant putting soldiers through a dehumanizing and brutal socialization which increased their capacity to kill and encouraged them to embrace a new identity (Permanent People's Tribunal 69). Ruiz asserts that: "in practice, you become an assassin of your own companeros – Lieutenant Germán Morales would insult the indigenous people and our customs. He wanted us to trade our parents for machine-guns and our girlfriends for prostitutes. The lieutenant himself would teach us how to rape women. He would tell us to get women – we would grab those who didn‟t want to go and take them to him. He would then turn them over to the soldiers; and since we were brainwashed, we thought that was good" (Ruiz qtd. in Permanent People's Tribunal 75). Ruiz goes on to add "They made me a corporal because I had the courage to strike my own companeros, and did not feel sorry for them, and I had the stomach to watch anything that was done" (79). This mentality was enforced through a system of rewards and punishments and the army mentality often became so deeply ingrained that former soldiers such as Ruiz found it difficult to forget their training. Ruiz admits that once he returned to his home town, "I felt like a nothing. I was only used to hitting and yelling" (71). The diverse range of reintegration shows soldiers who are unable to resume their lives, often exhibiting violent and destructive behaviors learned from the army. Though some were able to return to their villages and presumably lead "normal" lives, reintegration into civil society offered few choices for many former perpetrators in the military (Permanent Peoples' Tribunal). After the war, though the PAC has been officially disbanded since the Peace Accords in 1996, several perpetrators continue to "monitor" and intimidate the survivors of massacres within their own communities. Since the end of the war, numerous survivors have come forward with harrowing tales of civil-patrol abuses. The CEH states that there are "hundreds of cases in which civilians were forced by the Army, at gun point, to rape women, torture, mutilate corpses and kill. This extreme cruelty was used by the State to cause social disintegration." Despite recommendations from various truth commissions and international groups, cases against army officials for their roles in the war continue to languish, as the Guatemalan state is still obstinate in taking responsibility. The long term consequences of the civil patrol system are still being felt in Guatemala. The thousands of patrollers who refuse to disarm are in effect, recreating the atmosphere of fear and rampant militarization that characterized the conflict period in Guatemala. The impact of the civil patrol system cannot be overstated as it was a central tool of the Guatemalan military‟s gross efficiency in wiping out countless villages and thousands of people. Moreover, it systematically used coercion to break down community ties and utilize locals as tools to kill and infiltrate the population. In a country with roughly 8 million during the civil war, the mobilization of over a million patrollers demonstrates the cold and ruthless power contained in Guatemala‟s campaign of psychological warfare and murder in the 1980‟s (Sanford). The roots of the counterinsurgency show a steady escalation of repression in response to what the government saw as a rapidly growing rebel movement. In order to counteract this, the army sought to militarize Guatemala, using primarily the civil patrols. Rape and violence against women became a secondary strategy with which to cripple the guerillas and their perceived indigenous support base. The use of gender-specific violence and sadism accompanying contemporary female homicide in Guatemala suggest that the militarization process normalizes violence and desensitizes not only individual actors but the society as a whole. IV. Militarization in Post-Conflict Guatemala The Guatemalan army has historically resisted efforts to curb their power and reach. The civil war provided the military with the justification to broaden the scope of its operations and increase their presence in nearly every part of the country, including the rural highlands. In the aftermath of the civil war, social structures were reformed and reflected the logic of warfare and suppression of democratic elements by the military. Jennifer Schirmer details how the military has historically cemented its place as an institution in Guatemala. Schirmer describes the Guatemalan military‟s views of law and security as guaranteeing rights to the citizenry only when they do not oppose the "security" interests of the state. Schirmer details this conditional right to protection as one that allows the military to decide who can take umbrage under the law. This provision was actually part of the Guatemalan constitution and enshrined the military‟s right to act as "Guarantor of State". Schirmer writes that "One consequence of immersing security within the Constitution was that rights were made subject to obligations to the State; another is that the Army‟s obligatory role as Guarantor of the State was constitutionally mandated with counterinsurgency operations within the law and those considered to be subversives by definition, outside the law" (Schirmer 134). This view of civilians as potential subversives has remained fundamentally unchanged since the Peace Accords. Schirmer adds that "Each threat came to represent an opportunity for the military to consolidate as an institution and to expand its power" (Schirmer 9). Despite the peace accord‟s lofty goals of bringing perpetrators to justice, any investigations into abuses committed during the war were a sham. Two commissions created to investigate the numerous "disappeared" eventually dissolved stating that it was too difficult to carry out inquiries and that the "commission was effectively inoperative in the face of official violence" (Amnesty 10). Indeed, this is how violence is used in Guatemala: as a means of crippling normal, legal channels of justice in order to retain power. The social devastation caused by the civil war allowed the military to maintain its presence under the guise of enforcing security. In such an environment, it is easy for the government to assert the necessity of police forces and the use of both retired and active military officials to eliminate gangs, street children, and other groups perceived to be socially undesirable. Moreover, blaming gangs for female homicides, allows the police a justification to be brought in as the restorers of societal order and use harsh measures to eliminate the "criminal" elements of society. According to Constantino, Guatemala currently has a police force of 300,000 and 120,000 "private security guards" (Constantino). Some former soldiers from the elite Kaibiles have been recruited by drug lords to act essentially as hit men and earn significantly more than they did when in the army (Hernandez). Their training, which often included being forced to eat raw dog entrails, seemed to emphasize dehumanizing not only their victims but themselves (Hernandez). Former soldiers have also been funneled into both the national police as well as illicit drug-trafficking gangs. Both groups operate on a strict hierarchy and employ many of the bloody tactics taught by the army during the civil war. Hernandez writes that "beheadings of policemen and drug rivals in Mexico have been blamed on ex-Guatemalan soldiers working with the Zetas, a renegade unit that broke from the Mexican army to serve as the Gulf cartel's enforcement arm" (Hernandez). Since the civil war Amnesty has received reports of several killings that display many of the characteristics of murders committed by death squads during the civil war, such as signs of torture and bound feet and hands (15). Guatemala‟s high homicide rate has had a transformative effect on how the society deals with violence and how "subversion" is dealt with by the government. In fact, the generally high level of violence in Guatemala and the breakdown of official avenues of justice have been specifically linked to the rise in so-called "vigilante" justice and the use of private security forces by civilians. Extrajudicial killings, especially in the form of lynch mobs, have often been reported in areas populated by ex members of the civil patrol and military (CAR). One report on the findings of the UN Mission for Guatemala (MINUGUA) goes on to state that "in some cases, former PAC members have been identified as instigators" (CAR). This increased climate of violence is a way to validate the state‟s efforts to further militarize Guatemala. By blaming gangs for female homicides, the police are brought in as the restorers of societal order, thus providing a justification to use harsh measures to eliminate the "criminal" elements of society. Several authors including Sanford have linked "femicide" to the general policy of social cleansing adopted by the military and PNC. Sanford defines social cleansing as a "mechanism of selective or arbitrary repression that is systematically produced by either armed actors with ties to the state or by private actors who carry out repression with the acquiescence, complicity, support, or toleration (whether deliberate or involuntary) of the state" (Sanford 111). Reports by human rights groups in Guatemala such as Casa Alianza have observed open aggression and harassment of street children who are often robbed, beaten, illegally detained, and found murdered on the streets of Guatemala City (cite article). Bodies are frequently found showing signs of torture, marks of strangulation, bullet wounds, and bound hands and feet (Sanford 111). These descriptions match those of massacred victims during the civil war, further demonstrating that sowing terror in the society was an explicit aim of the counterinsurgency model. Testimony taken by REHMI stated the very public nature of killings: "burned corpses, women impaled and buried as if they were animals ready for the spit, all doubled up, and children massacred and carved up with machetes. The women too, murdered like Christ" (REHMI 9, 10). The public nature of contemporary violence against women seems to have its roots in army practices during the civil war. During the 1970s, roughly 800 dead bodies a month were routinely showing up on the streets of Guatemala (Schirmer). Moreover, when the army invaded indigenous villages, the women were often forced to watch their husbands, children, and family members butchered before them. Falla, in his anthropological account of massacres in the Ixcan region of Guatemala, describes babies strung up on tree branches along with the dismembered parts of women. This type of exemplary terror can be seen today in Guatemala where, according to the PDH, "only 15% of the bodies are hidden, and the rest are left in a public place or in the victim‟s home, which indicates that the victimizers are not attempting to hide the crime" (PDH qtd. by GHRC). The counterinsurgency mentality of weeding out subversive or "undesirable" social elements can be seen currently in the social cleansing operations many human rights groups have accused the police and army of carrying out against street children. The Guatemala Solidarity Network states that "day after day, children and teenagers are murdered, and their bodies appear with obvious evidence of the torture they have suffered. Equally, street children are constantly threatened and intimidated by Police forces. Many of them live in permanent fear of being murdered by Police or by contracted killers" ("Guatemala Soldiers…"). The MINUGUA report cited the killing of a group of civilians in Petén suspected to have been carried out by former military officers and civil patrollers. The social cleansing aspect stands out in this particular case due to the fact that notes were left on the victims' bodies with the message "Sorry, but we need to clean up the community" (CAR). Constantino notes that using the security forces only increases public panic about insecurity and the near constant threat of violence. She writes that "frustration and fear, unfortunately, block historical memory and, by complicity and default, the army becomes the only body capable of putting an end to this violence" (Constantino). The political function of keeping the populace frozen by fear and unwilling to challenge the dominant power structure has been explored by many Guatemala scholars. The specter of violence is always on the horizon for Guatemalans, many of whom are old enough to remember the terror of loved ones "disappeared" by soldiers and the fear of being labeled a subversive troublemaker by the military. Green explores the societal consequences of widespread fear, citing that the Guatemalan military often uses the interminable "state of emergency" to justify acts that would normally fall far outside the bounds of normal security operations (Green 56). Green‟s examination of the effects of fear on widows living in the altiplano village of Xe‟caj demonstrate that the "routinazation of terror is what fuels its power" (60). Thus, residual fear and terror from the civil war has made a permanent imprint on Guatemalan society and caused a radical shift in social relations so people could learn to deal with the daily instances of violence in their lives. The immersion of a large sector of Guatemalan men in the violence in some role gave rise to the ethos Linda Green terms "blood on people‟s hands" (10). This not only made state violence a norm but impacted how the society restructured itself. Another consistent feature carried over from the civil war is the abuse of marginalized groups such as poor women by police during detention. During the civil war, women were routinely raped in military barracks. One G-2 torturer interviewed by Jennifer Schirmer confirmed this in an interview, said bluntly "The first, first thing would be to rape [the women]…" (Schirmer 289). Nearly two decades after the civil war this is still more or less a feature of the prison experience for women in Guatemala, where three out of four female prisoners suffer sexual abuse at the hands of police in detention (Doiron). In 2005 Juana Mendez, an indigenous woman from the department of Quiche, was gang raped by police officers while in detention at the Nebaj regional police station (Doiron). After a lengthy 3 year trial, rape charges were eventually brought against one officer in 2008. Juana‟s triumph is indeed unheard of in a country where 75% of female prisoners are sexually assaulted while in detention (Ibid). One of the legacies of the civil war has been the complete impunity enjoyed by the military and national police, especially for crimes against women. The military‟s perception of "subversive" elements may be more fine-tuned in post-conflict Guatemala than during the civil war, but it still largely includes indigenous, activists, and anyone agitating for change. Green writes that during the civil war the military, in addition to their stated war against the guerillas, also attempted to crush the threat "posed by unarmed civilians-peasants, the poor, and workers- who dared to challenge long-standing structures of domination and exploitation at the local and regional levels" (29). This response of the state in using violence to assert the status quo could easily be applied to the shifting role of women in Guatemalan society. As author Rubio Marin notes, women were "more likely to be murdered for belonging to social organizations, for their political activism, or for their activism and search for justice after the execution of a family member. Politically active women were doubly punished: first, because they were considered enemies of the state; and second, because they broke gender norms by having "dared" to intervene in the political realm, a traditionally "male" domain" (Rubio-Marín 97). Indeed, this fits the model of repression against women‟s rights activists in Guatemala today, who report being followed, receiving death threats, and having their homes and offices broken into. The women‟s organization CONAVIGUA established in 1988 have faced constant intimidation and threats from the state for discussing violence committed against women during the war (Green 106). Another women‟s group Sector de Mujeres had their offices broken into and several mobile phones and fax machine presumably stolen, and their archives searched (Observatory). This is reflective of a general climate of intense repression of human rights activists and a means of silencing dissent. Green writes that "Militarization has influenced value systems and behavioral patterns and enabled perpetrators to acquire expertise and perpetuate power networks" (Green 176). The Guatemalan Army's traditional stance of denial and selective historical memory can be seen in veteran organizations such as AVEMILGUA, who have condemned investigations into the allegations of genocidal acts during the civil war recast the perpetrators of these atrocities as national heroes (Observatory). The savage response of these military structures to feminist movements and human rights organizations show a vested interest in both suppressing dissent and promoting public insecurity. Violence as a means of remaining in power has been a long standing, and over arching goal of the Guatemalan state. Thus, by maintaining a climate of violence, for both men and women, the military apparatus will always have its place in Guatemala, as long as the current power structure remains. The manner in which the state deals with female homicide cases is not merely a reflection of the pervasive culture of patriarchy, but a reflection of how the state chooses to deal with all crimes that are "political" in nature. Violence against women in Guatemala is certainly built on existing dynamics of ethnic identity, class, and gender and poor Mayan women are among the most vulnerable in Guatemala. Apart from singular characterization of "femicide" as a product of male hatred for women, other factors such as historical racism, class tensions, and the militarization of Guatemalan society have played equally important roles in the proliferation of violence against women. Removing "femicide" as a label is not intended downplay the brutality of violence against of women in Guatemala or suggest that it is not compelling. Rather, that this phenomenon is better understood through an analysis of the military as an enduring institution with a vested interest in promoting an overall climate of instability and terror, in which murdered women are useful as a political tool to maintain power. Works Cited Americas Watch Committee (U.S.). Civil Patrols in Guatemala. An Americas Watch report. New York, NY: Americas Watch Committee, 1986. Amnesty International. Guatemala--No Protection, No Justice: Killings of Women in Guatemala. London: Amnesty International, International Secretariat, 2005. Caputi , Jane and Diane Russell "Femicide: Sexist Terrorism against Women." Ed. Radford, Jill, and Diana E. H. Russell. Femicide: The Politics of Woman Killing. New York: Twayne, 1992. Central American Report (CAR). 3 July 1998. Vol. XXV No. 25. <http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/guatemala/GUA_2/Articles/Minugua.pdf> . Accessed 5 May 2010. Carmack, Robert M. "The Story of Santa Crauz Quiché."Ed. Robert Carmack. Harvest of Violence: The Maya Indians and the Guatemalan Crisis. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988. Comisión para el Esclarecimiento Histórico (Guatemala). Guatemala, Memory of Silence = Tz'inil Na'tab'al : Report of the Commission for Historical Clarification, Conclusions and Recommendations. [Guatemala]: CEH, 2000. Costantino, R. (2006). Femicide, impunity, and citizenship: The old and new in the struggle for justice in Guatemala. The Journal of Mujeres Activistas en Letras y Cambio Social. 6(1), 107-121. <http://www.stopfemicide.com/femicide__impunity_defined>. Accessed 15 April 2010. Davis, Shelton. "Introduction: Sowing the Seeds of Violence." Ed. Carmack, Robert M. Harvest of Violence: The Maya Indians and the Guatemalan Crisis. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988. Doiron, Fabienne and Laurence Guénette. "Breaking the Cycle of Impunity in Guatemala: Who Will Police the Police?" Alternatives. 14 March 2009. <website>. Accessed 16 April 2010 ́ Falla, Ricardo. Massacres in the Jungle: Ixca n, Guatemala, 1975-198 2. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. Fernández-Kelly, María Patricia. For We Are Sold, I and My People: Women and Industry in Mexico's Frontier. SUNY series in the anthropology of work. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983. ́ Fragoso, J. M. "Serial Sexual Femicide in Ciudad Juarez, 1993-2001." Aztla n . 28 (2003): 153-178. < http://www.womenontheborder.org/sex_serial_english.pdf >.Accessed 12/3/09' Franco, Jean. "Rape: A Weapon of War," Social Text 25, no. 2 (Summer 2007): 23-37 <http://socialtext.dukejournals.org/cgi/reprint/25/2_91/23.pdf‟>. Accessed 25 April 2010. Grais-Targow, Risa. "Femicide in Guatemala". BardPolitik. Vol. 5 29-31. Grandin, Greg. "Combining Historical and Legal Methods in Understanding Guatemala‟s 1981-1983 Genocide." Eds. Gellately, Robert, and Ben Kiernan. The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Green, Linda Buckley. Fear As a Way of Life: Mayan Widows in Rural Guatemala. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. "Guatemala‟s Femicide Law: Progress Against Impunity?" Guatemala Human Rights Commission USA (GHRC) .2009. < http://www.ghrc- usa.org/Publications/Femicide_Law_ProgressAgainstImpunity.pdf>. Accessed 14 April 2010. "Guatemalan Soldiers Attack and Insult Street Children." Guatemala Solidarity Network. 2 June 2006. <http://gsn.civiblog.org/blog/_archives/2006/6/2/2010869.html>. Accessed 15 April 2010. Hinton, Alexander Laban. Why Did They Kill? Cambodia in the Shadow of Genocide. California series in public anthropology, 11. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. Manz, Beatriz. Paradise in Ashes: A Guatemalan Journey of Courage, Terror, and Hope. California series in public anthropology, 8. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 2004. McKinley Jr., James C. "In Guatemala, Officers' Killings Echo Dirty War." New York Times. 5 Marcy 2007. <http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/05/world/americas/05guatemala.html>. Accessed 5 May 2010. Peacock, Susan C., and Adriana Beltrán. Hidden Powers in Post-Conflict Guatemala: Illegal Armed Groups and the Forces Behind Them. Washington, DC: Washington Office on Latin America, 2003. Permanent Peoples' Tribunal, Susanne Jonas, Ed McCaughan, and Elizabeth Sutherland Martínez. Guatemala--Tyranny on Trial: Testimony of the Permanent People's Tribunal. San Francisco: Synthesis Publications, 1984. Proyecto Interdiocesano Recuperación de la Memoria Histórica (REHMI) (Guatemala) Catholic Institute for International Relations, and Latin America Bureau. Guatemala, Never Again! Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1999. Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders. Steadfast in Protest: Annual Report. Paris: FIDH-International Federation for Human Rights, 2005. Radford, Jill, and Diana E. H. Russell. Femicide: The Politics of Woman Killing. New York: Twayne, 1992. Rubio-Marín, Ruth. What Happened to the Women?: Gender and Reparations for Human Rights Violations. Advancing transitional justice series. New York: Social Science Research Council, 2006. Sanford, Victoria. "From Genocide to Feminicide: Impunity and Human Rights in Twenty-First Century Guatemala." Journal of Human Rights. 7. 2 (2008): 104-122. . Schirmer, Jennifer G. The Guatemalan Military Project: A Violence Called Democracy Pennsylvania studies in human rights. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998 Shepard-Durini, Suzana. "Feminicide in Guatemala: A Link Between Past and Present." Council on Hemispheric Affairs (COHA). 22 August 2008. <http://www.coha.org/feminicide-in-guatemala-a-link-between-past-andpresent/>. Accessed 10 May 2010. Simon, Jean-Marie. Guatemala: Eternal Spring, Eternal Tyranny. New York: Norton, 1987. Staudt, Kathleen. Violence and Activism at the Border: Gender, Fear, and Everyday Life in Ciudad Juarez. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2008.

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AP Statistics SY 2019-2020 Teacher: Ms. Ridge Email: [email protected] Welcome to AP Statistics! In order to be successful in the course and on the AP exam next May, you need to begin learning about statistics now. To access the summer assignment, and to get the links to the online textbook, join the Google classroom for AP Statistics @ OB 2019 - 2020 using your BPS email address and the code kqxjk5x. kqxjk5x elect theme Assignment: Over the summer, you are to read and complete Guided Chapter Notes on Chapters 1 – 6 in Stats, Modeling the World . These chapters cover key concepts that we will be using throughout the year in AP Stats. You are encouraged to spread out this work over the summer--do not wait until the end of the summer and cram the reading and notes in at the last minute. We want to position you for success. If you spend less than two hours on each chapter, you will be behind when we begin school in September. 1. After reading each chapter, print out and complete the corresponding chapter notes. Answer each question thoroughly. Your answers should be written in complete sentences, except when a bulleted list is indicated. 2. A printed copy of the assignment is due at the start of class on September 9, 2019, and will count as your first assessment grade of the year. Please email me with any questions. You will find web codes for both the online textbook and accompanying videos in google classroom and below. The videos should support, not replace, your reading. Textbook: phschool.com webcodes: aze-0641 for the text and lik-1000 for videos Also, every student enrolled in AP Statistics is required to attend the three BPS/Mass Insight Saturday Sessions to support AP Statistics. Make sure you are available for these very important sessions. The sessions begin at 8:00 AM and will conclude at Noon. The dates are as follows: November 16, 2019 February 1, 2020 April 4, 2020 (Mock exam) Have a great summer! Ms. Ridge AP Statistics Agreement I, ______________________________________, agree to complete my summer assignment for AP Statistics by reading and writing guided notes on Chapters 1 – 6 in Stats, Modeling the World. I will turn in this assignment on September 6 th . I also agree to attend the three Saturday Student Success sessions @ OB on: November 16, 2019 February 1, 2020 April 4, 2020 (Mock exam) PLEASE WRITE NEATLY. ______________________________________________________________________________ Student Signature Student BPS email address _________________________________________________ Parent/Guardian Signature _________________________________________________ Parent/Guardian email address _________________________________________________ Parent/Guardian cell phone Parent/Guardian name printed

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APPLICATION, CONSENT AND HEALTH FORM This form must be completed by an accompanying parent/carer before their son/daughter or vulnerable, accompanied adult can participate in the activities at this event. The carer is responsible for their child's or vulnerable adult's wellbeing throughout the Event. Organisation: Brain Tumour Action. Date: Saturday 28 th . May, 2016. Activity: Blair Drummond Safari Park Family Day. This form must be completed and returned to Brain Tumour Action, 25, Ann Street, Edinburgh EH4 1PL or scanned and emailed to [email protected] or faxed to 0131.466.3314 by May 15 th . 2016. Unfortunately late applications cannot be accepted. I agree to my child/children taking part in extra activities provided by Brain Tumour Action at the Fun Day Event. Signed Print name Date Names of all those attending including their relationship to the patient: Home address: Telephone number: Email address: Brain Tumour Action: 25, Ann Street, Edinburgh EH4 1PL. www.braintumouraction.org.ukemail: [email protected] Registered Scottish Charity SCO 21490 Children's Dates of Birth: Name and address of emergency contact: Home Phone Number Mobile Emergency Telephone Number Additional Consent: During the Fun Day, photos may be taken of young people while participating in activities. Brain Tumour Action would like to use some of these for publicity purposes, in our newsletter or on our website. For this we require your consent and would be grateful if you would sign below. I am happy for Brain Tumour Action to use photos of my son / daughter on their website or in publicity produced by the organisation. Signed Print name Additional Health and Dietary requirements: Please include here any relevant medical information, for example epilepsy which you think we should know about. Lunches required: Please indicate how many complimentary lunches (sandwiches, fruit, crisps, juice) you would like to order and tell us about any food allergies. Brain Tumour Action: 25, Ann Street, Edinburgh EH4 1PL. www.braintumouraction.org.ukemail: [email protected] Registered Scottish Charity SCO 21490

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INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES FOR THE POSITION OF RESIDENT ASSISTANT (RA) 2019-2020 Academic Year Resident Assistants, also known as RAs, are assigned to the 39 Houses in the Houses. Simply put, their responsibilities are to assist the Resident Heads in helping to develop House communities that are supportive of the educational mission of the University. This task requires that Resident Heads and Resident Assistants serve in several roles. The most common role involves serving as an informal counselor to residents in academic or personal matters and providing a variety of activities - social, cultural, recreational, and educational - for residents. In addition, Resident Assistants must serve as administrators of University policy and procedure, support House Council, uphold community standards, and be sources of information about the University, the Hyde Park community, and the city of Chicago. Resident Assistants are supervised by their Resident Head(s). The following information is intended to assist candidates for the position of Resident Assistant by providing a general description of Housing & Residence Life and the roles and responsibilities of Housing Staff members. The description listed here is not exhaustive. In addition, there is a summary of the terms of the Resident Assistant appointment and a description of the Resident Assistant selection process. All Resident Assistant candidates are required to attend one information session in order to apply. This session provides critical information regarding the process and what to expect from the RA position. For further questions, please contact Housing & Residence Life at (773) 702-7366 to speak with or arrange an appointment to meet with one of the Assistant Directors of Residence Life. Questions can also be submitted via email to [email protected] Residence Life Staff Sophia Chaknis, Executive Director of Housing & Residence Life Heath Rossner, Senior Associate Director of Residence Life Amanda Dickinson Beirne, Assistant Director of Residence Life Chris Hardin, Assistant Director of Residence Life Jessica Beaver-Hollman, Assistant Director of Residence Life Patrick T. Jones, Assistant Director of Residence Life Roberto Valentin, Assistant Director of Residence Life Sean Lee, Assistant Director of Residence Life Application Timeline for 2019-2020 Resident Assistant (RA) Candidates NOVEMBER 2018 11/12: RA Application Available online at: 11/13-11/29: Information Sessions: - Tuesday, November 13 th - Wednesday, November 14 th - Friday, November 16 th - Thursday, November 15 th - Monday, November 19 th - Monday, November 26 th - Wednesday, November 28 th - Tuesday, November 27 th - Thursday, November 29 th JANUARY 2019 1/10-1/17: Information Sessions: - Thursday, January 10 th - Friday, January 11 th - Monday, January 14 th - Wednesday, January 16 th - Tuesday, January 15 th - Thursday, January 17 th 1/22: RA Application (Application, Written Statement, Resume, Transcript) due by 4:30pm 1/25: First Round Interviews Begin FEBRUARY 2/8: First Round Interviews End 2/12: 2 References and 1 RH Evaluation due by 4:30pm 2/16: Meet & Greet 12pm-6pm Reservation 2/20: Placement Interviews Begin MARCH 3/13: Placement Interviews End 3/22: Hire Letters and RA Contracts sent to Candidates MAY 5/8: Mandatory meeting for all hired 2019-2020 RAs https://housing.uchicago.edu/about-us/staffing-opportunit i es/ See HRL website for times & locations See HRL website for times & locations Additional Information for Resident Assistant Candidates Houses The University provides Housing accommodations for virtually every student who requests housing. The largest component of the University's housing program is the Houses, with a capacity of approximately 3,450 students. For the 2019-2020 academic year, there will be 39 Houses within seven residence halls. Resident Heads and Resident Assistants are assigned to each of the Houses. Resident Assistants are supervised by their Resident Head(s). All Houses are co-ed. Depending on the architecture of the building, they may have same sex or co-ed floors. House policies, including visitation policies, are the same throughout the Houses. The average House has about eighty undergraduate residents, with the smallest Houses having nearly forty residents, and the largest having more than one hundred. All Houses are four-class houses, although most include many more first- and second-year students than third- and fourth-year students. Each House contains students with a range of academic and co-curricular interests. Major Functions of the Resident Assistant Position Successful Resident Assistants must enjoy meeting and spending time with students at mealtimes, at intramural events, at House functions, and in other formal and informal ways. They must serve as positive roles models of academic engagement and support residents within the House. They must have a positive attitude about the educational mission of the University of Chicago, and the value of the Houses in fulfilling that mission. Resident Assistants must be available in the residence halls most evenings and weekends during the academic year, and must feel comfortable relating to students as peers, administrators, or enforcers of policy as the situation requires. They must approach the Resident Head/Assistant relationship as a collaborative team effort, and must maintain regular, if not daily, contact with their Resident Head(s). Resident Head(s) supervise the Resident Assistant(s) and will give regular feedback to the Resident Assistant in regards to their job performance (in order to benefit the House and develop the student leader). The Resident Assistants are required to participate in a variety of pre-employment and in-service training programs, must attend regular staff meetings (every other week), and may be called upon to serve on various committees. Relationship with Students Resident Assistants fulfill a wide range of roles in their Houses, working as mentors, peer counselors, administrators, policy enforcers, activities and governance advisors, and general resource persons. Effectiveness as a Resident Assistant is greatly enhanced by knowing well the great majority of students in the House. Resident Assistants who know their residents well are in a position to offer support, encouragement, counsel, and help to those students, particularly the younger undergraduates who might profit from the attention of an experienced UChicago student. Specifically, the Housing staff is expected to eat meals with students in the dining halls; spend time with students in the House lounges at night and on weekends; and interact with students in formal and informal settings. In order to be successful as Resident Assistants, candidates must plan to be active in establishing opportunities for this interaction in both the Resident Assistants' room and in the students' rooms and common spaces. It would not be appropriate, nor is it acceptable at any time for Resident Assistants to become romantically involved with a resident of their House. House Councils and Activities Resident Assistants provide leadership to students in creating communities that are supportive of the educational goals of the University. In most Houses, students elect a council of officers who, together with the Resident Heads and Resident Assistants, plan and carry out activities which will appeal to a broad range of residents. House activities include programs that are socially, intellectually, and culturally stimulating and exciting. Typical activities in a House include intramural sports; informal receptions with faculty guests; study breaks (informal gatherings of the House, usually late at night, for refreshments and conversations), and trips off campus to movies, cultural events, sporting events, or restaurants. Each Resident Head is given an expense fund to cover the costs of entertaining students, and to support the activities of the House. Resident Assistants work through the Resident Head to obtain financial support for activities they are organizing. Conduct and Community Standards Students at the University of Chicago are expected to take a great measure of responsibility for regulating their own lives. The University does not impose a lengthy list of policies and procedures governing students' conduct. It does, however, prohibit behavior that infringes on the rights of others, is dangerous, or is illegal. As Housing and Residence Life live-in staff, Resident Heads and Resident Assistants are expected to see that students' rights are protected and that conditions in the House support the educational goals of the University. To those ends, Resident Assistants enforce policies, and when appropriate, work with the Resident Heads to uphold conduct sanctions or refer conduct cases to other University administrators. Relationship to Other Housing Staff The Resident Heads A Resident Head or Resident Head couple is assigned to each of the Houses. Resident Heads are typically advanced graduate students, but some are affiliated with the University as faculty or administrative staff. The Resident Assistants are directly responsible to their Resident Head(s), although the Resident Deans and the Assistant Directors of Residence Life also provide direction and support for Resident Assistants and have an interest in their success. Resident Assistants meet regularly with their Resident Heads, and maintain frequent contact with the Resident Head(s) outside of scheduled meetings. The Resident Deans All Resident Deans are appointed senior members of the College faculty. Resident Deans offer building-wide programs and activities which are aimed at promoting a sense of community on a larger scale than the House level and which cultivate students' involvement in intellectual and cultural programs, particularly those offered throughout the city. In addition, Resident Deans take an interest in the general quality of life in the Houses and work directly with the Assistant Directors of Residence Life in addressing related issues. Housing & Residence Life Housing & Residence Life is staffed by the Executive Director, four Associate Directors, and nine Assistant Directors who provide overall direction for the Houses and housing staff. Six Assistant Directors have direct oversight for a portion of the Houses and will work closely with the House staff in that area. The Associate Directors manage residence life, occupancy & administration, operations, and programs & initiatives, and have regular contact with the Resident Heads, but less frequent contact with Resident Assistants. The Residence Life staff, in consultation with the Resident Deans, Resident Heads and Resident Assistants, determines House policies and procedures. Resident Heads report directly to six of the Assistant Directors of Residence Life. The Assistant Directors of Residence Life meet regularly with the Resident Deans, Resident Heads, and Resident Assistants in staff meetings, and occasionally attend meetings of the student hall councils in their areas. Coordination with Support Staff Housing & Residence Life functions include oversight of housekeeping, maintenance, and front desk operations. An Assistant Director of Operations (ADO) manages these functions in each residence hall. Housing staff are expected to work closely with each residence hall's Assistant Director of Operations. Housing & Residence Life also supports a residential dining program that requires Resident Assistants to work with the UChicago Campus Dining Managers and their staffs in addressing issues that affect the quality of life in the houses and in the dining halls. Additional Student Services in the College Resident Assistants must develop a good working knowledge of the services offered to students by other offices of the University, in particular, Career Advancement, Center for Leadership and Involvement, the University Community Service Center, the Center for Identity and Inclusion, Office of Sexual Misconduct Prevention & Support, Student Counseling Services, and Student Health Services. Students who can benefit from the services of these and other University offices are more likely to use such services when encouraged to do so by their Resident Heads and Resident Assistants.

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New Offices Occupied by State Group Nearly 300 persons visited new headquarters of the Association of Illinois Electric Cooperatives six miles south of Springfield during a recent open house. The one-story limestone building contains 4,556 square feet of office and meeting room space on the first floor plus an equal amount in the basement. The later houses chiefly the printing and mailing departments which include the most modern of offset printing facilities and darkroom. LYLE E. DUNHAM, director, the state associations member service department, described the new headquarters in this way in an article published by Contractors' Electrical Equipment magazine: "The installation is not spectacular. It is not designed to dazzle. Instead it is intended to be intensely practical, economical and efficient, reliable and satisfactory over a long period of years." The structure includes the latest ideas in electric heating installed by E. P. Allison Company of Chicago and manufactured by Radiant Electric Heat Company of Centerville, Iowa. Mr. Dunham worked with Radiant Electric in designing the system. "We regard this installation as highly practical for office buildings of all kinds, plus hotels, motels, senior citizens' homes and similar structures," a company spokesman said. "This will stand the test of time and the wisdom of the electric heating plan will become increasingly apparent as the trouble-free years pass." RAYMOND W. RUSTEBURG, Valmeyer, president of the state organization, said of the new building: "We believe it will prove of considerable interest to builders and others concerned with planning and construction of similar structures. Our estimates indicate heating costs will be less than $600 annually." Mr. Rusteburg said cost of the building and three-acre site was around $140,000. Members of the building committee are Walter Johnston, chairman; Owen Chaney, Paul Deisher, L. C. Groat, Loyd Pickard and W. L. Walker. Ralph N. Morrisett, Springfield, was the architect. A MODERN NEW RAPIDAYTON WATER SYSTEM MAKES THE DIFFERENCE EXPANDING FARM OPERATIONS REQUIRE MORE PUMP POWER Farms are getting larger—requiring more water. More water for increased livestock production, irrigation, waste removal, spraying, and the utilization of ponds. Modern "big power" farming must have FULL PUMP POWER and dependable 24-hour-a-day service. Get it with a Rapidayton water system—engineered to meet the exact needs of your own farming operation. Mail coupon today for valuable, helpful information. Rapidayton division, The Tait Manufacturing Co., Dayton, Ohio 45401 Send full details and give name of nearest Rapidayton pump dealer. NAME RFD OR STREET COUNTY STATE Wayne-White to Pay More Capital Credits This Year Additional capital credit payments to member-owners of Wayne-White Counties Electric Cooperative are expected to be made this year, President Evans Williams reported at the cooperative's 27th annual meeting in Fairfield recently. This will be the third consecutive year Wayne-White has returned operating margins to its member-owners. This year's refund will be to members receiving electric service during 1948 and 1949, Mr. Williams said. "This, we feel, should settle all doubts in the minds of people as to whether or not this is a non-profit organization," he said. THE PRESIDENT also declared that "It would be a sorry time when our annual member meetings will be no more. You will have lost your independence of the service you probably need most on the farm. While it is not the greatest expense you have, it is one of the most vital. "Only through cooperative effort have we been able to get our lines built and only through a cooperative effort will we be able to meet the demands for more and more service in the future." OWEN J. CHANEY, manager, in his 19th annual report told how the cooperative is maintaining its equipment in first class condition so that service to members will continue with a minimum of interruption. He said such things as poles, wire, transformers, substations, meters and capital credits "are all valuable assets that make a cooperative tick." He continued: "But the most valuable asset is an informed, understanding member — you members who not only own and use the cooperative, but who also finance it. "YOU ELECT the board of directors who in turn hires management and sets the policies by which management is guided. By this action you determine the growth, usefulness and soundness of this cooperative. In your hands rests the power to make or break your organization. Non-support by members can make the finest business fall far short of its potential. "With all other conditions the same, an increase in volume will be reflected in lower operating costs," Mr. Chaney continued. "As prices are lowered, savings to members increase. This is the personal power that you, the cooperative members, have. It is both natural and good sense for the owners of a business to support it, to put their personal power to work." During the meeting, the member-owners re-elected nine directors to one-year terms. The nine are Mr. Williams, McLeansboro r.r. 3; G. O. Deem, Geff; Willard Bannon, Grayville; D. M. Detroy, Enfield; Kenneth Gray, Wayne City; Stanley Greathouse, Johnsonville; Harold Shepherd, Albion; L. P. Dolan, Manager Owen J. Chaney (center) congratulates those who received service awards during the annual meeting. They are (from left) employees Jesse Baker, Mrs. Evelyn Edwards, Norman Davis, Charles Mann, Mr. Chaney, directors L. P. Dolan, Harold Shepherd, Bernard Kisner and Evans Williams. McLeansboro; and Bernard Kisner, Carmi r.r. 4. Following the meeting, the board reorganized and re-elected its officers. They are Mr. Williams, president; Mr. Deem, vice president; Mr. Bannon, secretary, and Mr. Detroy, treasurer. Four of the directors received awards for their service to the cooperative. Those honored are Mr. Shepherd, 25 years; Mr. Dolan, 20 years; Mr. Williams, 20 years, and Mr. Kisner, five years. SERVICE AWARDS also were presented to five cooperative employees. They are Norman Davis, Carmi, 25 years; Charles Mann, Fairfield, 25 years; George Bradley, Cisne, 20 years; Jesse Baker, Fairfield, 15 years, and Mrs. Evelyn Edwards, Fairfield, 15 years. During the entertainment portion of the meeting, Miss Margaret Ann Pollard, 16, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Lewis E. Pollard, Burnt Prairie, was crowned "Miss Wayne-White Counties Electric Cooperative of 1965" by last year's queen, Miss Flossie Hall, McLeansboro. The first runner-up was Miss Anita Harris, 17, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Carl G. Harris, Fairfield. The new queen's older sister, Marian, 17, placed third in the field of 17 contestants. There were 17 girls who competed in this year's beauty pageant. Contestants are (from left) Anita Harris, Linda Tullis, Claudia Simpson, Linda Withrow, Glenda Shaw, Marian Pollard, Margaret Ann Pollard, Carolyn Sue Belangee, Marilyn Simpson, Linda Seifert, Susan Hedrick, Karen Kay Johnson, Roberta Luthe, Billie Irene Bailey, Patricia Burt, Suzanne Elliott and Linda Roosevelt. Outstanding Values on Hotpoint appliances! New Hotpoint washer handles 2 to 16 lb. loads! Just out—no other like it. Washes tiny 2-lb. loads without special attachments...up to 16-lb. loads without straining (it has a big ½ h.p. motor and commercial size transmission). No-rust porcelain finish, outside and in, at no extra cost. Dial the cycle to fit the load. Buy now and save. low priced at about $189* New Hotpoint dryer has 5-year parts replacement warranty! Proof of quality—Hotpoint gives you a written 5-year warranty on the motor and other critical hard-working dryer parts. Here’s more: The dryer shuts off—automatically—when clothes are dried just right. De-wrinkling cycle cools clothes...prevents wrinkle-setting. Safety start protects the kids. low priced at about $149* Hotpoint range with removable Teflon-coated oven walls New low price for this range with Hotpoint’s patented no-scour oven—far less than for most hard-to-clean ranges! Just slide out the oven walls, wipe them clean at the range or wash them at the sink like dishes. Other deluxe features include automatic oven timer and glass oven door. 40” model RC440 also sale-priced. low priced at about $219* Hotpoint No-Frost refrigerator-freezer rolls out on wheels Deluxe 14.8 cu. ft., 2-door model has adjustable sliding shelf, 2 porcelain enamel slide-out crispers, separate cheese keeper...swing-basket in big freezer below. And no defrosting, ever. Loads of deep storage, lots of other extras. Just roll it out for easy cleaning, sweeping, waxing. Buy now and save. low priced at about $329* HOTPOINT 90-DAY REPLACEMENT GUARANTEE OF SATISFACTION If you are not completely satisfied with your new Hotpoint appliance, and notify your dealer within 90 days from date of purchase, it will be replaced with a comparable Hotpoint model at no cost to you. *See your participating Hotpoint dealer for his prices and trade-in allowances. Subject to Fair Trade where applicable. Prices higher in Hawaii.

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Biological Control Agents (BCAs) Use with BioWorks Products: BotaniGard ® 22WP | Mycotrol ® WPO | MoltX ® | SuffOil‐X ® RootShield ® , RootShield ® PLUS+| BotryStop ® | CEASE ® | MilStop ® SP The introduction of Biological Control Agents (BCAs) is often the first line of defense and a key component of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy, either in greenhouses or open field crops. Understanding the potential impact of BioWorks products over BCA species is essential to the success of a pest management program. This document provides important insight on the possible side-effects of BioWorks biopesticides on most used species of BCAs, and the best way to minimize the risks associated with using both components as part of a pest management strategy. Please refer to product labels for complete application details. Always read and follow label directions. BCAs and their use with Insecticides BotaniGard 22WP and Mycotrol WPO are effective biological insecticides that are used to control many insects. They are based on the highly successful fungus, Beauveria bassiana strain GHA. Its spores infect the soft body of many pest insects when in contact with the external cuticle. It is essential for growers to be able to assess how they use this product as part of their IPM program, for example, as a spot treatment or by broad application. BotaniGard 22WP and Mycotrol WPO foliar sprays | Genus, species | Type | |---|---| | Amblyseius (= Neoseiulus) andersoni | predatory mite | | Amblyseius californicus | predatory mite | | Amblyseius cucumeris | predatory mite | | Amblyseius fallacis | predatory mite | | Amblyseius swirskii | predatory mite | | Aphelinus abdominalis | parasitic wasp | | Aphidius colemani | parasitic wasp | | Aphidius ervi | parasitic wasp | | Aphidoletes aphidimyza | predatory midge | | Bombus spp. | bumblebee | | Chrysoperla rufilabris | predatory lacewing | | Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | predatory beetle | | Dalotia (= Atheta) coriaria | predatory beetle | * • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • BotaniGard 22WP and Mycotrol WPO foliar sprays continued | Genus, species | Type | |---|---| | Dicyphus hesperus | predatory bug | | Diglyphus isaea | parasitic wasp | | Encarsia formosa | parasitic wasp | | Eretmocerus eremicus | parasitic wasp | | Feltiella acarisuga | predatory midge | | Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NemaShield® HB | entomopathogenic nematode | | Orius insidiosus | predatory bug | | Phytoseiulus persimilis | predatory mite | | Rhopalosiphum padi | alternative host to aphid parasitic wasps | | Steinernema carpocapsae | entomopathogenic nematode | | Steinernema feltiae NemaShield® | entomopathogenic nematode | | Stratiolaelaps scimitus (formerly Hypoaspis miles) | predatory mite | | Trichogramma spp. | parasitic wasp | Molt-X | Genus, species | Type | Recommendation | |---|---|---| | Amblyseius (= Neoseiulus) andersoni | predatory mite | | | Amblyseius californicus | predatory mite | | | Amblyseius cucumeris | predatory mite | | | Amblyseius swirskii | predatory mite | | | Aphelinus abdominalis | parasitic wasp | | | Aphidius colemani | parasitic wasp | | | Aphidius ervi | parasitic wasp | | | Aphidoletes aphidimyza | predatory midge | | | Bombus spp. | bumblebee | | | Chrysoperla (Chrysopa) | predatory lacewing | | | Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | predatory beetle | | | Dicyphus hesperus | predatory bug | | | Diglyphus isaea | parasitic wasp | | | Encarsia formosa | parasitic wasp | | | Eretmocerus eremicus | parasitic wasp | | Molt-X is an emulsifiable concentrate containing 3% azadirachtin, which is an active ingredient derived from the seeds of the neem tree. As an Insect Growth Regulator (IGR), it interferes with the key molting hormone, ecdysone, preventing insects from progressing from one life stage to the next. * • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • | Molt-X continued | | | |---|---|---| | Genus, species | Type | Recommendation | | Feltiella acarisuga | predatory midge | | | Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NemaShield® HB | entomopathogenic nematode | | | Orius insidiosus | predatory bug | | | Phytoseiulus persimilis | predatory mite | | | Steinernema feltiae NemaShield® | entomopathogenic nematode | | *See Toxicity Rating Chart below Toxicity Rating Chart* 1. Side-effects Database, IPM Impact, 2019 | IPM Impact Rating1 | Mortality /Reduction | Toxicity | |---|---|---| | 1 | <25% | | | 2 | 25 50% -‐ | Slightly Toxic | | 3 | 50 75% -‐ | | | 4 | >75% | Toxic | SuffOilX SuffOil-‐X is a light horticultural oil used to control insects, along with providing suppression of certain foliar diseases. It is expected that it will harm beneficials, but due to the lack of residue after application, BCA populations can recover. Releases can occur after 24 hours from SuffOil-‐X application. This product becomes very useful in an IPM program for spot treatment of insects. RootShield or RootShield PLUS BCAs and their use with Fungicides RootShield/RootShield PLUS ‐ The RootShield family of products is used to prevent the development of root diseases causing damping off. They will not interfere with the introduction of BCAs inhabiting the soil/growing mix. | Genus, species | Type | |---|---| | Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NemaShield® HB | entomopathogenic nematode | | Steinernema feltiae NemaShield® | entomopathogenic nematode | | Stratiolaelaps scimitus (formerly Hypoaspis miles) | predatory mite | | Dalotia (=Atheta) coriaria | predatory beetle | * • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • phone: (888) 335-9044web: bioworksinc.com ©2020 BioWorks, Inc. BotryStop | Genus, species | Type | |---|---| | Chrysoperla (=Chrysopa) | predatory lacewing | | Aphidius colemani | parasitic wasp | | Aphidius ervi | parasitic wasp | BotryStop is a live spore preparation of a non-pathogenic saprophytic fungus. When BotryStop spores are applied they germinate and colonize. By occupying the same physical space, BotryStop out-competes pathogens for nutrients in dead and senescing plant tissue. BotryStop provides protection to blossoms, fruit and plant tissue susceptible to Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Monilinia spp. CEASE | Genus, species | Type | |---|---| | Amblyseius (= Neoseiulus) andersoni | predatory mite | | Amblyseius californicus | predatory mite | | Amblyseius cucumeris | predatory mite | | Amblyseius swirskii | predatory mite | | Aphelinus abdominalis | parasitic wasp | | Aphidius colemani | parasitic wasp | | Aphidius ervi | parasitic wasp | | Aphidoletes aphidimyza | predatory midge | | Bombus spp. | bumblebee | | Chrysoperla rufilabris | predatory lacewing | | Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | predatory beetle | | Dicyphus hesperus | predatory bug | | Diglyphus isaea | parasitic wasp | | Encarsia formosa | parasitic wasp | | Eretmocerus eremicus | parasitic wasp | | Feltiella acarisuga | predatory midge | | Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NemaShield® HB | entomopathogenic nematode | | Orius insidiosus | predatory bug | | Phytoseiulus persimilis | predatory mite | | Steinernema feltiae NemaShield® | entomopathogenic nematode | | Stratiolaelaps scimitus (formerly Hypoaspis miles) | predatory mite | CEASE is used for controlling a wide array of both fungal and bacterial pathogens, while providing outstanding plant and environmental safety. Based on a naturally occurring, patented strain of Bacillus subtilis (strain QST 713), CEASE can be used as a foliar spray and soil drench on vegetables grown under cover. MilStop SP MilStop SP is a water soluble, broad spectrum, foliar fungicide. The active ingredient is potassium bicarbonate and is known to have a detrimental effect on soft bodied insects. Hard bodied insects can be released two days after application. Refer to product labels for complete application details. Additional technical information is available on our website (bioworksinc.com) or from your BioWorks solutions advisor. Always read and follow label directions. * • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • phone: (888) 335-9044 web: bioworksinc.com ©2020 BioWorks, Inc.

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For Immediate Release Media Contact: Terry Hoffmann [email protected] O: 314-982-0298 | M: 310-614-3531 NOCSAE Summer Standards Meeting Update: NOCSAE Reports Progress on Youth Football Helmet Standard and Advances Shoulder Pads Research The Committee also shared updates on the development of new headforms for testing and continued discussions on a potential standard for non-tackle football OVERLAND PARK, Kan. (July 28, 2021) ― This year's National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) Summer Standards Committee Meeting was held virtually and in-person in Miami, Fla., on July 23. At the meeting, the Standards Committee shared updates on the Request for Proposal (RFP) regarding shoulder pads and the proposed Youth Football Helmet Standard, took voting action on athletic equipment safety standards for a range of sports and advanced discussions on a potential non-tackle football helmet standard. RFP on Shoulder Pads Dr. Robert Cantu, NOCSAE vice president and representative of the American College of Sports Medicine, provided an update on NOCSAE's new RFP research funding program and RFP for shoulder pads issued in February. The NOCSAE RFP Committee asked to receive proposals that evaluated if shoulder pads are a significant mechanism of injury to the shoulder/chest/neck or head and to help determine whether such data is sufficient to support the development of a shoulder pad standard or if additional research is warranted. The RFP Committee has evaluated and strongly recommended a proposal from principal investigators Christine L. Collins, PhD, president Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention in Indianapolis and Jason P. Mihalik, PhD, professor of Department of Exercise and Sport Science and co-director of the Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. The proposal will track shoulder pad-related injuries in high school football and provide additional biomechanical data beyond the RFP criteria. The NOCSAE board of directors unanimously approved the recommendation during the board meeting Friday afternoon. Proposed Youth Football Helmet Performance Standard The NOCSAE Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) and technical director continue to advance work on the proposed new Youth Football Helmet Performance Standard (ND006-21). In December 2020, the SAC recommended a two-tiered rotational testing standard to account for the differences in athletic behaviors of youth players ages 5-8 and 9-14. The recommendation includes two impact velocities and two pass/fail criteria. Youth helmets would have to comply with both criteria to pass. The technical director is scheduled to conduct further testing once the new NOCSAE headforms are available in August. The SAC will reconvene to evaluate the findings and continue to discuss and finalize recommendations for the proposed standard. Effective Date for Revisions to Commotio Cordis Test Method The Standards Committee continued discussions and responded to questions and comments about approved revisions to the Test Method and Performance Specification Used in Evaluating the Performance of Protectors for Commotio Cordis (ND200-21). These included updates to terminology and technical specifications for impact area and load cell locations to facilitate better testing of multiple size protectors. The revisions were approved at the January 2021 meeting, but implementation was suspended to allow resolution for some procedural issues related to notice. The Standards Committee approved an effective date of January 31, 2023 for ND200-21. Manufacturers may choose to comply with these revisions before that date. Update on Nine Array Headform Redesign Technical Director Elizabeth McCalley provided an update on continuing work on the Nine Array headform redesign. As discussed in the winter meeting, NOCSAE finalized a CAD design aimed at improving the biofidelity of headforms. The redesign is intended to improve the testing capabilities of the headforms through increased central space to accommodate multiple types of data collection sensors and arrays. Design files were submitted to the mold maker in early spring 2020 but the development process was delayed when the company pivoted to manufacturing PPE during COVID19. The process is now back on track and NOCSAE expects the first medium headform scheduled to be delivered in August. Initial testing will determine any adjustments needed to finalize the small- and large-size headforms. Additional Standards Updates The Standards Committee approved a modification to the Pneumatic Ram Test Method (ND081-18am21) that added new technical specifications and a modification to the Laboratory Procedural Guide for Certifying Newly Manufactured Protectors for Commotio Cordis (ND201-21) that clarifies fitting and positioning instructions. The Committee also voted to reaffirm the following standards, confirming each would stay in its current form. * Standard Performance Specification ND043-11m16 for Recertified Lacrosse Helmets * Standard Performance Specification ND032-11m16 for Recertified Ice Hockey Helmets * Standard Performance Specification ND035-11m16 for Newly Manufactured Hockey Face Protectors * Standard Performance Specification ND030-11m16 for Newly Manufactured Ice Hockey Helmets Finally, the Standards Committee will continue to discuss the development of an ND000 specification, a potential complement to ND001. ND001 is a standard test method specification describing laboratory equipment and basic requirements pertinent to testing headgear/equipment. Deviations, additions, or both, to this test method are specified as required in the appropriate NOCSAE standard performance specifications. Potential Non-Tackle Football Headgear The Standards Committee continued discussions concerning the possible development of a standard for nontackle football headgear for flag football and 7v7. As non-tackle football grows in popularity, NOCSAE is considering the potential need for head gear and face protection. There is very little data as to the type, frequency, and severity of head and facial injuries in non-tackle football, and NOCSAE is taking steps to review and confirm the existing data in advance of the Winter Standards Committee Meeting in January. Review of Standards Adoption Process Executive Director Mike Oliver shared a clarification on NOCSAE's standards adoption process. Specifically, Oliver provided context on how the public comment period works for both new and revised standards, noting each allows a minimum of thirty days for public input. Oliver also discussed how effective dates for new and revised standards are determined and noted licensees have a minimum of twelve months to comply with approved revisions. NOCSAE is an ANSI Accredited Standards Developer and follows the ANSI essential requirements for due process to ensure fairness, transparency and consensus. More information on the process is available here. Recognizing NOCSAE Research Director, Fred Mueller, Ph.D. After 15 years of dedicated service to NOCSAE, Fred Mueller, Ph.D. is retiring. During his tenure with NOCSAE, Fred managed 359 full grant applications, ultimately funding 40 grants totaling $8,435,000. Mueller significantly elevated and advanced NOCSAE's program and the organization's contribution to athletic equipment research, understanding of injury risk threshold and athlete safety. NOCSAE Executive Director Mike Oliver noted, "Fred has carried the banner in the research area with incredible skill and a humble attitude. We are grateful for his service and wish him the best as he begins his next chapter." No stranger to achievement, Mueller was honored in 2016 with a Lifesaving Research Award from the Korey Stringer Institute for his exceptional dedication as the former director of the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. He is also a recipient of the National Federation of State High School Associations' Award of Merit. In recognition of Mueller's contributions to sports safety, NOCSAE made a donation to Mueller's Gathering Place, an outdoor garden created and dedicated to honor Mueller at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Mueller was a faculty member at UNC for 41 years and chaired the Department of Exercise and Sports Science from 1995-2005. More information on all NOCSAE standards is available at nocsae.org. ### About NOCSAE NOCSAE, the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment, is an independent and nonprofit standards development body with the mission to enhance athletic safety through scientific research and the creation of performance standards for athletic equipment. Formed in 1970, NOCSAE is a leading force in the effort to improve athletic equipment and, as a result, reduce injuries. 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Spencer Head Highlands High School This senior 1st team all-Northern Kentucky runner has won state championships in two different sports – track and football. In track, Spencer is the defending Class AA Kentucky state champion in the 400 meter run (50.21), and he was also an integral part of the Bluebirds' squad that last year won the AA state title in the 1,600 relay. He was also state runner-up in the 800 relay and finished 5th in the 200 meter run. In the regionals, Spencer won or was part of four championship performances – individually in the 200 and 400 runs, and as part of the winning 800 and 1,600 relay teams. In football, Spencer, a defensive back and receiver, was also an important part of the Bluebirds' team, that, in his sophomore year, won the Class AA Kentucky state football championship. Active in community service, Spencer's favorite athlete is Lawrence Taylor and his favorite movie is 300. COACH'S QUOTE -- "Spencer is an athlete that has a tremendous will to win; he is also highly motivated and has great moral character." -- Dan Baker, Track Coach LaRosa'sMVPoftheWeek Spencer Head Highlands High School SPORT(S): Track-Football GRADUATING YR.: 2007 GREATEST ACHIEVEMENT: Winning state. BIRTHDATE: 9-8-88 RESIDENCE: Ft. Thomas PARENTS: Bill & Alison BIGGEST INFLUENCE: "My family & friends." FUTURE GOAL: "College."

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EVERWIN MATRIC.HR.SEC.SCHOOL 05.11.19 (AN) FA-2 - INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Std : VIII Time : 1Hour Marks : 25 13. To define a CSS, go to the _______section of your document. a) Notepad I. Fill in the blanks. (10 1. ________Style sheet are the style that are placed in the <head> </head> of the HTML document 2. A HTML element starts with ________tag and ends with ________tag. 3. To use Inline style we use the ______attribute in the relevant lag. 4. <Style type "_____" media "all"> 5. 6. ________is a set of Instruction that tells the web browser how to display different HTML element. 7. There are ________types of CSS classified. 8. Internet style may have _______precedence than external style sheet. 9. The CSS save it with the ______file extension 10. The expansion of URL is ________ II. Choose the correct answer. (5 11. ________is the expansion of CSS a) Cascading style sheet b) Case style sheet c) Code style sheet d) Cascading sheet style 12. Which one of the following is not a text editor? b) Wordpad c) Power Point d) Sublime Text a) <body> </body> b) <title> </title> c) <head> </html> d) 14. Output of the following code text is a) This will make that specific paragraph Text as Red b) This will make that whole Page text as Red c) This will make that background color as Red d) None of the above 15. HTML comments are declared with. a) <!___ ___ ___ ____> b) <___ ___ ___ ____> c) <!___ ___ ___ ____!> d) <___ ___ ___ ____!> III. True or False. (5 16. In HTML can use only one CSS at a time of execution [ ] 17. CSS save the time at the time of Editing [ ] 18. Internal style sheet affect only the page they are on [ ] 19. In-line style are plunked straight in to the HTML tags using the style attributes [ ] 20. HTML has 6 different sizes of fonts [ ] IV. Match the following. (5 21. - External CSS 22. Color : red - Text editor 23. Style : CSS - Pag Tag 24. Notepad - Location 25. @ import - Change the Color Red

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AdS/CFT Correspondence with Applications to Condensed Matter Robert Graham SFB/TR 12: Symmetries and Universality in Mesoscopic Systems I. Quantum Field Theory and Gauge Theory II. Conformal Field Theory III. A brief Introduction to Supersymmetry A little bit of ‘Susy’ (largely following McGreevy, 8.821 F008 Lectures 5, 6) Physical reasons for susy: - it stabilizes the mass of the Higgs against radiative corrections quadratic in the large-energy cutoff, since susy would reduce this scale to the one below which susy is spontaneously broken; above this scale the mass of the Higgs is tied to that of its fermionic partner, which receives only logarithmic radiative corrections; - it changes the trajectories of RG flow such that the gauge couplings may unify at very high energies: $E_{GUT} \simeq 10^{15} GeV$ - it reduces the theoretical error in the cosmological constant from $\sim 10^{120}$ to $\sim 10^{60}$. Susy is a fermionic extension of the Poincare group, \[ P^\mu \quad , \quad M_{\mu\nu} \] with group submanifolds \[ R_{1,3} \quad , \quad SO(1,3) \sim SU(2) \times SU(2) \] which has only bosonic generators and is not extendable by any symmetry-group with bosonic generators (theorem of Coleman and Mandula). Splitting Lorentz to rotations and boosts \[ J^i = \epsilon^{ijk} M_{jk} \quad , \quad K^i = M^{0i} \] Separating into two decoupled $ SU(2) $ algebras \[ A^i_{(B^i)} = (J^i + (-) i K^i) / \sqrt{2} \] with \[ [A^i, A^j] = i \epsilon^{ijk} A_k, \quad [B^i, B^j] = i \epsilon^{ijk} B_k, \quad [A^i, B^j] = 0 \] Representations of $ SO(1,3) $ can be labeled by the two half-integer spins $ S_1, S_2 $ of $ SU(2) \times SU(2) \sim SO(1,3) $. scalar: $ S_1 = 0, \quad S_2 = 0 $ Weyl spinor: $ S_1 = \frac{1}{2}, \quad S_2 = 0 \quad \Psi_\alpha, \quad \alpha = 1, 2 $ adjoint spinor: $ S_1 = 0, \quad S_2 = \frac{1}{2} \quad \bar{\Psi}_{\dot{\alpha}}, \quad \dot{\alpha} = 1, 2 $ vector: $ S_1 = \frac{1}{2}, \quad S_2 = \frac{1}{2} \quad X^\mu \sigma_{\mu \alpha \dot{\alpha}} $ Supercharges: \[ Q^I_\alpha \quad \text{are} \left( \frac{1}{2}, 0 \right) \text{spinors, } \alpha = 1, 2, \ I = 1, .., N \] \[ (Q^I_\alpha)^\dagger = \bar{Q}_{I\dot{\alpha}} \quad \text{their adjoints; } \quad [P_\mu, Q] = 0 \] $ U(N) $ is the 'R-symmetry' group \[ Q^I_\alpha = U^I_J(N) \ Q^J_\alpha \] \[ \{ Q^I_\alpha, \ \bar{Q}_{J\dot{\beta}} \} = 2 \sigma^\mu_{\alpha\dot{\beta}} P_\mu \delta^I_J \] \[ \{ Q^I_\alpha, \ Q^J_\beta \} = 2 \varepsilon_{\alpha\beta} Z^{IJ} \quad \text{commutes, central charge} \] Different members of a susy multiplet may have different R-charges $ J_R $ \[ [J_R, Q] \neq 0 \] Representations of susy algebra - **massless states:** In a frame with \[ P_\mu = (E, 0, 0, E) \quad E > 0. \] \[ \left\{ Q^I_\alpha, \bar{Q}_{\dot{\beta}J} \right\} = \delta^I_J \begin{pmatrix} 4E & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \] \[ \Rightarrow \left\{ Q^I_2, (Q^J_2)^\dagger \right\} = 0 \quad \Rightarrow || Q^J_2 | \Psi > ||^2 = 0, \text{ for all } | \Psi > . \] We are left with only the $ Q^I_{\alpha=1} $ \[ \left\{ \frac{Q^I_1}{2\sqrt{E}}, \frac{\bar{Q}_{1J}}{2\sqrt{E}} \right\} = \delta^I_J \] they form $ N $ fermionic oscillators Let $|h\rangle$ be ‘highest helicity state’, $\bar{Q}_{1J}|h\rangle = 0$ Then states of all other helicity are \[ \underbrace{|h\rangle, Q_1^{I_1}|h\rangle, (Q_1^{I_1}Q_1^{I_2})|h\rangle \ldots (Q_1^1Q_1^2\ldots Q_1^\mathcal{N})|h\rangle}_{2^\mathcal{N} \text{states}} \] Theorem (Nahm): A quantum field theory without gravity cannot contain massless states with maximal helicity $h > 1$ (with gravity the limit on allowed helicity is $|h| \leq 2$). To get from $|h\rangle$ to $-h\rangle$ in steps of $\frac{1}{2}$ one needs $\mathcal{N} = 4h$ factors $Q_1^I$ hence, maximal supersymmetry: (Note: for each value of $I$ there are 2 complex (= 4 real) supercharges) - $\mathcal{N} = 4$ for gauge fields $(h = 1)$ $\Rightarrow$ (16 supercharges in D=4) - $\mathcal{N} = 8$ for gravity $(h = 2)$ $\Rightarrow$ (32 supercharges in D=4) number of massless states with given helicity in various multiplets: | helicity | $\mathcal{N} = 1$ gauge | $\mathcal{N} = 1$ chiral | $\mathcal{N} = 2$ gauge | $\mathcal{N} = 2$ hyper | $\mathcal{N} = 4$ gauge | |----------|------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|------------------------|------------------------| | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | $1/2$ | 1 | 1 | 2 | (1+1) | 4 | | 0 | 0 | (1+1) | (1+1) | (2+2) | 6 | | $-1/2$ | 1 | 1 | 2 | (1+1) | 4 | | -1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Let’s discuss in a little bit more detail how this arises, say for the example of the $\mathcal{N} = 2$ hypermultiplet with R-symmetry SU(2): Remember that only the components $Q^1_1, Q^2_1$ and their adjoints $\bar{Q}^1_{\dot{1}}, \bar{Q}^2_{\dot{1}}$ are at our disposal. The highest helicity component with $h = 1/2$ for $\mathcal{N} = 2$ has two left-handed spinor-fields ($I = 1, 2$) both only with $\alpha = 1$. They transform (with respect to the $I = 1, 2$ indices) as spinor of the SU(2) R-symmetry. \[ \psi^{1,1}, \quad \psi^{1,2} \] We shall see that the lowest helicity component with $ h = -1/2 $ for $ \mathcal{N} = 2 $ is of course again a SU(2) spinor with two components ($ I = 1, 2 $) and both appear only with $ \alpha = \dot{\alpha} = \dot{1} $. \[ \bar{\psi}^{\dot{1},1} \quad \bar{\psi}^{\dot{1},2} \] What means $ \dot{1} $? Don’t panic: $ \dot{1} = 1 $. We merely keep track what was set equal 1. Applying our two $ Q $'s to the $ h = 1/2 $ fields for the first time we generate and define the 4 scalar $ h = 0 $ fields \[ \phi^{11} = Q_1^1 \psi^{1,1}; \quad \phi^{21} = Q_1^2 \psi^{1,1}; \quad \phi^{12} = Q_1^1 \psi^{1,2}; \quad \phi^{22} = Q_1^2 \psi^{1,2}; \] They transform like the direct product of two SU(2) doublets of the R-symmetry, that is like a $j=0$ plus $j=1$ of SU(2). Applying them for the second time we get the two fields of the lowest helicity $h = -1/2$ component $$\bar{\psi}^{\dot{1},1} \sim \left(\sigma^{(0)1\dot{1}}Q_1^2\right) Q_1^1 \psi^{1,1} \sim \left(\sigma^{(0)1\dot{1}}Q_1^1\right) Q_1^2 \psi^{1,1};$$ $$\bar{\psi}^{\dot{1},2} \sim \left(\sigma^{(0)1\dot{1}}Q_1^2\right) Q_1^1 \psi^{1,2} \sim \left(\sigma^{(0)1\dot{1}}Q_1^1\right) Q_1^2 \psi^{1,2}$$ Two things should become clear now - The lowest helicity components so obtained are annihilated by $Q_1^1$ and $Q_1^2$. - All steps can be reverted by applying the $\bar{Q}_1^{\dot{1},2}$ due to the fermi-oscillator anti-commutator of our $Q_1^{\dot{1},2}$ and $\bar{Q}_1^{\dot{1},2}$. Therefore, the original states we recover from this procedure (or at least what remains of them after the state-projection implied by this procedure) is automatically annihilated by $\bar{Q}_1^{\dot{1},2}$. massive states rest frame $P^\mu = (M, 0, 0, 0)$ $$\left\{ Q^I_\alpha, \bar{Q}_{\dot{\beta}J} \right\} = 2M \sigma^0_{\alpha\dot{\beta}} \delta^I_J \quad \left\{ Q^I_\alpha, Q^J_\beta \right\} = 2\varepsilon_{\alpha\beta} Z^{IJ}$$ block-diagonalize $Z^{IJ}$ $$Z^{IJ} = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & Z_1 \\ -Z_1 & 0 \\ 0 & Z_2 \\ -Z_2 & 0 \\ \ddots \end{pmatrix} = Z^{\bar{I}\hat{I}, \bar{J}\hat{J}} \quad (\hat{I}, \hat{J}) = (1, 2) \quad (\bar{I}, \bar{J}) = (1, \ldots, N/2)$$ Define: \[ Q_{\alpha}^{\bar{I}} \pm = \frac{1}{2} \left( Q_{\alpha}^{\bar{I}, 1} \pm Q_{\alpha}^{\dagger \bar{I}, 2} \right) \] then \[ \left\{ Q_{\alpha \pm}^{\bar{I}}, \bar{Q}_{\dot{\beta} \bar{J} \pm} \right\} = \delta_{\bar{J}}^{\bar{I}} \sigma_{\alpha \dot{\beta}}^{0} \underbrace{(M \pm Z_{\bar{I}})}_{\geq 0} \] Bogomolny bound \[ M \geq |Z_{\bar{I}}| \] If the bound is saturated, then - $ Q_{\alpha +}^{\bar{I}} $ or $ Q_{\alpha -}^{\bar{I}} $ annihilate the state, - BPS states are in small multiplets. - The BPS-bound is a topological property, which cannot change if a continuous parameter, like a coupling constant, is changed. The mass $ M = |Z_{I}| $ is fixed by the central charge, a number but also an operator, determined by the susy-algebra. Number of states with a given helicity in massive multiplets | helicity | $\mathcal{N} = 1$ gauge | $\mathcal{N} = 1$ chiral | $\mathcal{N} = 2$ gauge | $\mathcal{N} = 2$ gauge BPS | $\mathcal{N} = 2$ hyper BPS | $\mathcal{N} = 4$ gauge BPS | |----------|------------------------|-------------------------|------------------------|-----------------------------|----------------------------|---------------------------| | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | | 1/2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | (1+1) | 4 | | 0 | (1+1) | 2 | 6 | (1+1) | (2+2) | 6 | | -1/2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | (1+1) | 4 | | -1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | CPT conjugates are appearing with opposite helicity massive gauge-multiplets contain the same number of states as massless chiral and gauge multiplets together, i.e. 8 states = 4+4 from gauge + chiral for $ \mathcal{N} = 1 $, 16 states = 8+8 from gauge + hypermultiplet for $ \mathcal{N} = 2 $, 16 states = 16 from massless gauge-field alone for $ \mathcal{N} = 4 $ a sign that the Higgs mechanism of spontaneous gauge-symmetry breaking (gauge-field gets its mass and longitudinal dof by 'eating the Higgs') also works in Susy Spectrum for $\mathcal{N} = 4$ Susy with any gauge group, say $SU(N)$ 1. gauge field, $h = 1$, R-singlet: $A_\mu, \quad \mu = 0 \ldots 3 \quad (= 2 \text{ d.o.f.})$ 4. Weyl spinors, R-fundamental: $\lambda^I_\alpha, \quad I = 1 \ldots \mathcal{N} (= 4), \quad \alpha = 1..2$ 6. scalars, SO(6) of $SU(\mathcal{N} = 4)$: $X^i, \quad i = 1 \ldots \frac{\mathcal{N}(\mathcal{N}-1)}{2} (= 6)$ They are all in the adjoint representation of gauge-group, here $SU(N)$; R-symmetry is $SU(\mathcal{N} = 4)$ leaves $A_\mu$ invariant, acts on $\lambda^I_\alpha$ in the fundamental rep. of $SU(4)$ (= spinor rep. of $SO(6)$), i.e. by unitary 4x4 matrices, and on the scalars by $SO(6)$ matrices. (note that $SU(4) \sim SO(6)$) Fields $A_\mu$, $\lambda^{I=1\ldots4}$, $X^{i=1\ldots6}$ all in the adjoint of the gauge group, say SU(N), e.g. $$A_\mu = A^a_\mu \ T^a, \quad \text{with} \quad [T^a, \ T^b] = i f^{abc} \ T^c$$ $$\lambda^I = \lambda^{Ia} \ T^a. \quad X^i = X^{ia} \ T^a$$ adjoint representation is $D_A$-dimensional, real, ($D_A =$ number of group-generators) Lagrangian $$L = \frac{1}{g_{YM}^2} \ tr \left[ F^2 + (DX^i)^2 + i \bar{\lambda} \not{D} \lambda \right.$$ $$-\sum_{i<j}[X^i, \ X^j]^2 - \lambda[X, \lambda] + \bar{\lambda} \ [X, \bar{\lambda}] \right] + \frac{i \vartheta}{8\pi^2} \ tr \ (F \wedge F)$$ \[ F_{\mu\nu} = \partial_\mu A_\nu - \partial_\nu A_\mu - ig [A_\mu, A_\nu] \] \[ = \frac{i}{g} [D_\mu, D_\nu] \] \[ D_\mu = \partial_\mu - ig A_\mu \] **Susy transformation, schematically** \[ [Q, X] = \lambda, \] \[ \{Q, \lambda\} = F^+ + [X, X] \quad (F^+ \equiv \sigma^{\mu\nu} F_{\mu\nu}) \] \[ \{Q, \bar{\lambda}\} = DX \] \[ [Q, A] = \lambda \] **Chiral field multiplets** consider $ \Phi $ satisfying \[ [\bar{Q}, \Phi] = 0 \quad , \quad [Q, \Phi] \neq 0 \] $ \Phi $ is BPS, (because half of the supercharges annihilate it) $ \Phi $ is called chiral Coulomb branch of vacua. Susy vacuum has always energy = 0, otherwise susy is broken. Fermions vanish, kinetic terms vanish, field-strengths vanish hence potential must also vanish for energy 0. $$\sum_{i<j} tr \left[ X^i, X^j \right]^2 = 0$$ Space of Susy vacua $$\mathcal{M} = \left\{ X | \left[ X^i, X^j \right] = 0 \quad \forall \quad i, j \right\} / (\text{gauge symmetry e.g. } U(N))$$ Fix the gauge symmetry by taking all the $X^i$ diagonal, $$X^i = \text{diag}(X_1^i, \ldots X_N^i)$$ then the space of Susy vacua is 6$N$-dimensional. If all the $X_m^i$, $X_n^i$ are mutually different then the ground state breaks the $U(N)$ gauge-symmetry to $U(1)^N$ subgroup, i.e. to $N$ copies of electromagnetism: Coulomb-branch The VEVs of the scalar fields $X_m^i - X_n^i$ with mass-dimension 1 define new mass-scales, which correspond to the masses of the gauge bosons of the broken gauge symmetries, analogous to the W-bosons in electro-weak theory $$m^{mn} = |X_m - X_n|$$ 3-brane interpretation of $\mathcal{N} = 4$ SYM in type II-B string theory in D=10 $\mathcal{N} = 4$ SYM with $U(N)$ gauge-symmetry is the world-volume theory of $N$ coincident 3-branes along directions (1, 2, 3), say → separate these into $N$ parallel 3-branes Higgsing in string-language In D=10 this can be done in 6 orthogonal transverse directions $$\Delta y^i_{ab} = |X^i_a - X^i_b| \quad i = 4 \ldots 9 \quad (a = 1 \ldots N)$$ The mass-matrix $$m^i_{ab} = \frac{1}{\alpha'} \Delta y^i_{ab} = (\text{string-tension}) \times \text{length}$$ comes from the strings stretched between the separated branes. Montonen-Olive duality: Define \[ \tau = \frac{4\pi i}{g_{YM}^2} + \frac{\vartheta}{2\pi} \] The $ \mathcal{N} = 4 $ SYM theory with $ \tau $ and gauge-group $ G $ is dual to the $ \mathcal{N} = 4 $ SYM theory with $ \tau' = -\frac{1}{\tau} $ and gauge-group $ ^L G $ $(^L G = \text{Langlands-dual gauge-group of } G)$ This is a special case (for $ a = 0, b = 1, c = -1, d = 0 $) of the even larger **S-duality**, where \[ \tau' = \frac{a\tau + b}{c\tau + d}, \quad ad - bc = 1 \] $ a \ldots d $ integer Finally: **Conformal symmetry doubles supersymmetry** $Q^I_\alpha$, and $K$ generate supersymmetry, and special conformal transformations, respectively $$[Q^I_\alpha, K] = S^I_\alpha \neq 0,$$ additional fermionic symmetry generators In the $\mathcal{N} = 4$ SYM theory, with its superconformal symmetry, there are then a total of 32 supersymmetries.

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Stay Home - Save Lives New rules on staying at home and away from others A message from the Leader of Essex County Council, Cllr David Finch and Dr Mike Gogarty, Director of Public Health Dear Resident 3. Stopping public gatherings The single most important action we can all take, in fighting coronavirus, is to stay at home in order to protect the NHS and save lives. When we reduce our day-to-day contact with other people, we will reduce the spread of the infection. That is why the Government has introduced three new measures. 1. Requiring people to stay at home, except for very limited purposes 2. Closing non-essential shops and community spaces 3. Stopping all gatherings of more than two people in public Every one of us MUST comply with these new measures. The relevant authorities, including the Police, will be given the powers to enforce them – including through fines and dispersing gatherings. These measures are effective immediately. The Government will look again at these measures in three weeks, and relax them if the evidence shows this is possible. 1. Staying at home You should only leave the house for one of four reasons: * shopping for basic necessities, for example food and medicine, which must be as infrequent as possible * one form of exercise a day, for example a run, walk or cycle - alone or with members of your household * any medical need or to provide care or to help a vulnerable person * travelling to and from work, but only where this absolutely cannot be done from home. These four reasons are exceptions - even when doing these activities you should be minimising time spent outside the home and ensuring you are two metres apart from anyone outside your household. These measures must be followed by everyone. Separate advice is available for individuals or households who are isolating, and for the most vulnerable who need to be shielded. If you work in a critical sector outlined in this guidance, or your child has been identified as vulnerable, you can continue to take your children to school. 2. Closing non-essential shops and public spaces Last week, the Government ordered certain businesses - including pubs, cinemas and theatres - to close. The Government is now extending this requirement to a further set of businesses and other venues, including: * all non-essential retail stores - this will include clothing and electronics stores; hair, beauty and nail salons; and outdoor and indoor markets, excluding food markets * libraries, community centres and youth centres * indoor and outdoor leisure facilities such as bowling alleys, arcades and soft play facilities * communal places within parks, such as playgrounds, sports courts and outdoor gyms * places of worship, except for funerals attended by immediate families * hotels, hostels, bed and breakfasts, campsites, caravan parks, and boarding houses for commercial/leisure use (excluding permanent residents and key workers). To make sure people are staying at home and apart from each other, the Government is also stopping all public gatherings of more than two people. There are only two exceptions to this rule: * where the gathering is of a group of people who live together - this means that a parent can, for example, take their children to the shops if there is no option to leave them at home * where the gathering is essential for work purposes - but workers should be trying to minimise all meetings and other gatherings in the workplace. In addition, the Government is stopping social events, including weddings, baptisms and other religious ceremonies. This will exclude funerals, which can be attended by immediate family. Delivering these new measures These measures will reduce our day to day contact with other people. They are a vital part of our efforts to reduce the rate of transmission of coronavirus. Every citizen is instructed to comply with these new measures. The Government will therefore be ensuring the Police and other relevant authorities have the powers to enforce them, including through fines and dispersing gatherings where people do not comply. They will initially last for the three weeks from 23 March, at which point the Government will look at them again and relax them if the evidence shows this is possible. Volunteering We have been overwhelmed by the response already from the amazing people in Essex who want to help others in their communities. Please do continue to support your neighbours and family but remember to maintain the social distancing rules. That means, for example, you could leave food on their doorsteps and not go into their house. We also want to ensure that volunteers don't do more harm than good. Gathering together will spread the virus and so we are asking people not to do this, unless we are asking them to. Instead we want people to continue to register to volunteer via facebook – go to www.facebook.com/essexcoronavirusaction – or local schemes and groups. That way we will be able to give you the best advice on how you can make the best contribution. If people are in need of urgent support, we will provide help through the Essex Welfare Service, on 0300 303 9988 (Mon-Fri 8am-7pm and Sat-Sun 10am-2pm) or email: [email protected]. This will be a single person response. We will advise people further in the coming days on how they can make the best and safest contribution to supporting the vulnerable in our communities. The NHS We must not allow the peak of the epidemic to outstrip the NHS's capacity to care. Every single one of us can ensure that this nightmare scenario does not happen. Our great county of Essex has always risen to the challenges over the decades. This is the greatest one of our times. Please, follow the advice. Stay Home. Save Lives. #StayHomeSaveLives Cllr David Finch, Leader, Essex County Council Dr Mike Gogarty, Director of Public Health, Essex County Council

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What's New for Avid® Media Composer® v2018.1 Revision History Change in Media Composer Media Composer Versioning The version number scheme Avid uses for the editing application has changed. Starting with this release, the editing application version numbers will use the year followed by the month. For example, this release is v2018.1 (year/month). Next month will be v2018.2. And if we produce another release during this same month, the version will be v2018.1.1. New in Media Composer v2018.1 The following are new for Media Composer v2018.1: Matte Key Effect Update n This feature was originally included with the Media Composer v8.10 release but was inadvertently left out of the documentation. An additional option has been added to the Matte Key effect. With this release, if you are working with media with a pre-multiplied foreground, you can tag the Matte Key effect as pre-multiplied. If you have pre-muliplied media, enable the "Foreground is pre-multiplied" option in the Matte Key Effect. Mappable Quick Find Button With this release, the Quick Find button can be mapped to a key. The new Quick Find command will move the focus to the Quick Find field of the currently active window, enabling you to then immediately start typing a search string. It works for the Project Window, Bins, Timeline, and Effect Palette. It also works for the List Tool and Script Window when they are in edit mode. To map the Quick Find button: 1. Select Tools > Command Palette. 2. Click the Other tab. 3. Select Button to Button Reassignment at the bottom of the Command palette. 4. Drag the Quick Find button from the Command palette to the desired button location on the keyboard setting. For more information, see "Understanding Button Mapping" in the Help. Exporting Separate WAV Files per Track With this release, you can export each audio track in the Timeline as a separate WAV file. To export each audio track as a separate WAV file: 1. Select the sequence by doing one of the following:With the sequence loaded in the Timeline, right click in the Record Monitor and select Export. t With the sequence loaded in the Timeline, right click the Record monitor and select Export. t Click the sequence in a bin and select File > Output > Export to File. 2. Click the Options button. The Export Settings dialog opens. 3. Select Audio from the Export As menu. 4. Choose Direct Out. 5. Set Direct Out Mode to File Per Track. 6. Click Save. 7. In the Export As dialog, select a location for the individual .wav files. 8. (Optional) Name the file. (If you do not change the file name, it defaults to the sequence name.) 9. Click Save. Access the location where you saved the files. Individual .wav files appear for each track named according to file name_01.wav, file name_02.wav, etc. where 01, 02, 03 represent the applicable audio channel. Legal Notices Product specifications are subject to change without notice and do not represent a commitment on the part of Avid Technology, Inc. This product is subject to the terms and conditions of a software license agreement provided with the software. The product may only be used in accordance with the license agreement. This product may be protected by one or more U.S. and non-U.S patents. Details are available at www.avid.com/patents. This document is protected under copyright law. An authorized licensee of Avid Media Composer may reproduce this publication for the licensee's own use in learning how to use the software. This document may not be reproduced or distributed, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes, such as selling copies of this document or providing support or educational services to others. This document is supplied as a guide for Avid Media Composer. Reasonable care has been taken in preparing the information it contains. However, this document may contain omissions, technical inaccuracies, or typographical errors. Avid Technology, Inc. does not accept responsibility of any kind for customers' losses due to the use of this document. Product specifications are subject to change without notice. Copyright © 2017 Avid Technology, Inc. and its licensors. All rights reserved. The following disclaimer is required by Apple Computer, Inc.: APPLE COMPUTER, INC. MAKES NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, REGARDING THIS PRODUCT, INCLUDING WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO ITS MERCHANTABILITY OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES IS NOT PERMITTED BY SOME STATES. THE ABOVE EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THIS WARRANTY PROVIDES YOU WITH SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS. THERE MAY BE OTHER RIGHTS THAT YOU MAY HAVE WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. The following disclaimer is required by Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics, Inc. for the use of their TIFF library: Copyright © 1988–1997 Sam Leffler Copyright © 1991–1997 Silicon Graphics, Inc. Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software [i.e., the TIFF library] and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that (i) the above copyright notices and this permission notice appear in all copies of the software and related documentation, and (ii) the names of Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics may not be used in any advertising or publicity relating to the software without the specific, prior written permission of Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS-IS" AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL SAM LEFFLER OR SILICON GRAPHICS BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER OR NOT ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGE, AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. The following disclaimer is required by the Independent JPEG Group: This software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group. This Software may contain components licensed under the following conditions: Copyright (c) 1989 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 by Jef Poskanzer. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation. This software is provided " as is" without express or implied warranty. Copyright 1995, Trinity College Computing Center. Written by David Chappell. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation. This software is provided " as is" without express or implied warranty. Copyright 1996 Daniel Dardailler. Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Daniel Dardailler not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. Daniel Dardailler makes no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided " as is" without express or implied warranty. Modifications Copyright 1999 Matt Koss, under the same license as above. Copyright (c) 1991 by AT&T. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting documentation for such software. THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED " AS IS" , WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY. IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHOR NOR AT&T MAKES ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors. The following disclaimer is required by Paradigm Matrix: Portions of this software licensed from Paradigm Matrix. The following disclaimer is required by Ray Sauers Associates, Inc.: "Install-It" is licensed from Ray Sauers Associates, Inc. End-User is prohibited from taking any action to derive a source code equivalent of "Install-It," including by reverse assembly or reverse compilation, Ray Sauers Associates, Inc. shall in no event be liable for any damages resulting from reseller's failure to perform reseller's obligation; or any damages arising from use or operation of reseller's products or the software; or any other damages, including but not limited to, incidental, direct, indirect, special or consequential Damages including lost profits, or damages resulting from loss of use or inability to use reseller's products or the software for any reason including copyright or patent infringement, or lost data, even if Ray Sauers Associates has been advised, knew or should have known of the possibility of such damages. The following disclaimer is required by Videomedia, Inc.: "Videomedia, Inc. makes no warranties whatsoever, either express or implied, regarding this product, including warranties with respect to its merchantability or its fitness for any particular purpose." "This software contains V-LAN ver. 3.0 Command Protocols which communicate with V-LAN ver. 3.0 products developed by Videomedia, Inc. and V-LAN ver. 3.0 compatible products developed by third parties under license from Videomedia, Inc. Use of this software will allow "frame accurate" editing control of applicable videotape recorder decks, videodisc recorders/players and the like." The following disclaimer is required by Altura Software, Inc. for the use of its Mac2Win software and Sample Source Code: ©1993–1998 Altura Software, Inc. The following disclaimer is required by Ultimatte Corporation: Certain real-time compositing capabilities are provided under a license of such technology from Ultimatte Corporation and are subject to copyright protection. The following disclaimer is required by 3Prong.com Inc.: Certain waveform and vector monitoring capabilities are provided under a license from 3Prong.com Inc. The following disclaimer is required by Interplay Entertainment Corp.: The "Interplay" name is used with the permission of Interplay Entertainment Corp., which bears no responsibility for Avid products. This product includes portions of the Alloy Look & Feel software from Incors GmbH. This product includes software developed by the Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/). © DevelopMentor This product may include the JCifs library, for which the following notice applies: JCifs © Copyright 2004, The JCIFS Project, is licensed under LGPL (http://jcifs.samba.org/). See the LGPL.txt file in the Third Party Software directory on the installation CD. Avid Interplay contains components licensed from LavanTech. These components may only be used as part of and in connection with Avid Interplay. Attn. Government User(s). Restricted Rights Legend U.S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS. This Software and its documentation are "commercial computer software" or "commercial computer software documentation." In the event that such Software or documentation is acquired by or on behalf of a unit or agency of the U.S. Government, all rights with respect to this Software and documentation are subject to the terms of the License Agreement, pursuant to FAR §12.212(a) and/or DFARS §227.7202-1(a), as applicable. Trademarks Avid, the Avid Logo, Avid Everywhere, Avid DNXHD, Avid DNXHR, Avid Nexis, AirSpeed, Eleven, EUCON, Interplay, iNEWS, ISIS, Mbox, MediaCentral, Media Composer, NewsCutter, Pro Tools, ProSet and RealSet, Maestro, PlayMaker, Sibelius, Symphony, and all related product names and logos, are registered or unregistered trademarks of Avid Technology, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. The Interplay name is used with the permission of the Interplay Entertainment Corp. which bears no responsibility for Avid products. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. For a full list of Avid trademarks, see: http://www.avid.com/US/about-avid/ legal-notices/trademarks. Adobe and Photoshop are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries. Apple and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Windows is either a registered trademark or trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks contained herein are the property of their respective owners. What's New for Media Composer v2018.1 • Created 1/10/18

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PRESS RELEASE News release For immediate release BUSINESSEUROPE comments on EP vote on shareholders rights (8 July 2015, Brussels) Following today's plenary vote BUSINESSEUROPE supports the European Parliament's emphasis to shareholder engagement. A new EU framework on shareholder identification will bring companies and investors closer together to work towards long-term and sustainable objectives. Still, despite overall improvements introduced to the European Commission proposal, some of the rules are too prescriptive. Markus J. Beyrer, Director General of BUSINESSEUROPE, said: "Stock markets lost 1,000 listed companies in only 6 years due to different factors, not least due to the costs of complying with existing legislation. A better balance is needed to ensure that stock markets remain an attractive way to raise capital, vital to achieve more growth and employment." In addition, BUSINESSEUROPE strongly believes that rules on taxation and countryby-country disclosure, for which there was no impact assessment, do not belong to this instrument. ENDS BUSINESSEUROPE Contact: Peter Sennekamp Director of Communications 168 Avenue de Cortenbergh 1000 Brussels - Belgium GSM : +32 496 919 315 [email protected] Peter Vertessy Senior adviser, Press and media 168 Avenue de Cortenbergh 1000 Brussels - Belgium GSM: +32 494 515 477 [email protected]

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HOW TO HANDLE A PROBLEM DRINKER: FROM ANGER TO ACTION William Doverspike, Ph.D. Drdoverspike.com 770-913-0506 When she first sought therapy for depression, Amy casually mentioned that her husband had a "communication problem." In one story after another, she described how her husband ended up passing out on the couch in the den. Amy ended up with sleepless nights embittered by her anger. "I just can't stand it when I hear those ice cubes clinking in the glass," she said in disgust, "because I know what it means." through her increased self-awareness, acceptance, and action in her life each day— one day at a time. She gradually began to experience a transformation in herself as she learned to apply the Twelve Steps of recovery to her life. Before seeking professional help, Amy had been spending several nights a week brooding in the bedroom. Yet she agreed that there were better things in life than sitting on the bed at night, listening to the ice cubes clink. I suggested she try something new—Al-Anon Family Groups. Within weeks, I noticed an improvement in Amy's mood and a shift in her attitude as she began attending meetings and reading Al-Anon literature. As a psychotherapist, I knew that the path of recovery often begins with focusing on changing what can be changed, rather than focusing on what cannot be changed. Recovery involves accepting what cannot be changed, changing what can be changed, and understanding the difference between the two. Like many Al-Anon members, Amy began to notice an improvement in her five senses. She noticed a sense of universality at her first meeting, where she learned that she was not alone in her struggle. She felt a sense of hope when she began attending meetings on a regular basis. She discovered a sense of connection as she began making telephone contacts and sharing her life with other members. She developed a sense of accountability by having a personal Sponsor who challenged her to "take an inventory" and focus on improving her own life rather than criticizing the life of another. She created a sense of balance in her life "Amy" is not an actual person; rather, her story is a composite of the many stories of experience, strength, and hope I have heard from my clients who have entered the rooms of Al-Anon. Going to the first meeting is something that many people find difficult. It is like overcoming a paralysis. Once a person begins attending meetings, his or her thoughts are usually still consumed by the behavior of the alcoholic. Gradually, with the support of other members who are focused on taking better care of their own lives, the newcomer begins to think about his or her own needs. Taking care of one's own needs does not mean that one stops loving the alcoholic. Instead, it means that one no longer allows oneself to be hurt or manipulated by someone else's actions. As the Al-Anon member learns new attitudes and becomes stronger and healthier, shifting the focus away from taking care of the alcoholic to taking better care of oneself, the alcoholic often becomes willing to seek help. Most importantly, Al-Anon members eventually learn that they can find peace and happiness whether or not the alcoholic is still drinking. Copyright © 2007 by William F. Doverspike, Ph.D. The correct citation for this article is Doverspike, W. F. (2007, March). How to handle a problem drinker: From anger to action. http://drwilliamdoverspike.com/ Original article is also cross-referenced with this title: "How to Cope With a Problem Drinker" William F. Doverspike gave Al-Anon Family Group Headquarters permission to publish in Al-Alon Faces Alcoholism (2008 edition). Article reprinted in Doverspike, W. F. (2008) From anger to action: A positive response to alcoholism. Al-Alon Faces Alcoholism. Virginia Beach, VA: Al-Anon Family Group Headquarters. Pages 4-5. https://alanon.org/blog/anger-action-positive-responsealcoholism/

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Suo Moto Case No. – 9 /2014 Name of the Respondent : The Superintendent of Police Thane The Commissioner Tribal Development Adivasi Vikas Bhavan Gadkari Chowk, Old Agra Road Nashik – 422 001. The Addl Commissioner Tribal Development Vardan Sankulan, 9 th Floor Opp. MIDC, Old Passport Office Thane The Principal English Medium Government Ashram School Savroli, Shahpur Dist. Thane. Project Officer Ekatmik Adivasi Vibhag Prakalp Shahpur, Ganga Deavasthan Wafe, Shahpur 421 601. Date: 6 June 2015 Coram: Justice S. R. Bannurmath, Chairperson ORDER On noticing a news paper report in Maharashtra Times dated 22.08.2014 that a student by name Sadanand Bhagwan Gund studying in Adivasi Ashram School at Savroli in Mukhada had expired due to negligence on the part of the school officials, the present suo moto case is registered and a report from the Superintendent of Police, Thane, the Commissioner Tribal Development, Adivasi Vikas Bhavan, Nashik, Addl. Commissioner Tribal Development, Thane, the Head Master – English Medium Government Ashram School, Savroli and Project Officer – Ekatmik Adivasi Vibhag Project, Shahpur was called for. On receipt of the detailed reports following facts emerge :- The deceased Sadanand aged 9 years was a third standard student studying in the Ashram School at Savroili as resident student. He was not well since 16.08.2014 and only on 20.08.2014 the Head Master informed Shri. Ramesh Gund the cousin of the deceased that the health condition of the boy was serious. In turn the cousin informed the father Bhagwan Triambak Gund on the very same day who was staying at Shahpur and since there was no immediate vehicle facility available he could reach the School at about 10.30 a.m. on 21.08.2014 and there noticed that the deceased was sleeping in the room and responded to the call of the father only by opening his eyes. As such the father with the help of a school staff took the child on a motorcycle to the Sub District Hospital at Shahapur and while the Doctor was examining and treating the child breathed his last at about 11.00 a.m. Thereafter necessary post-mortem was conducted and simultaneously investigation was taken up by the concerned Police. It is reported by the Police that after recording the statements of various persons it emerged that the School Head Master Rajaram Ghodvinde, School Inspector Rahul Shinde and other staff responsible the welfare of the students were negligent in not taking immediate, proper care and caution even though the child was unwell since 16.08.2014, the concerned Police have registered a case in crime No. 268/2014 u/s. 304 (A) IPC as well as u/s. 23 of the Juvenile Justice ( Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 and investigation is in progress. After receipt of the reports from the concerned, at the outset it is to be noted that the cause of death of the deceased was due to severe illness. The Post-mortem report discloses that the death was due to "cerebropulmonary edema due to encephalitis". As such the death was due to sickness and can be treated as natural. But the concern of the Commission after going through the various reports is regarding the alleged negligence of the School Authorities in not getting medical treatment to the child at the earliest. The statements of the school staff, the co-students and the parents and relatives clearly indicate that though the deceased was sick in the Hostel, since 16.08.2014 and did not attend the school and inspite of coming to know of the same it appears he was not given proper medical treatment. It is only after the parents came to school on 21.08.2014 and noticing the serious condition of the child the father with the help of the school staff took the child to the hospital on a motorcycle and within a half an hour while the Doctor was examining he breathed his last. In these circumstances prima facie there appears to be negligence on the part of the Head Master and the staff in not taking proper care by immediate shifting to hospital and keeping the sick child for almost five days in the hostel itself. There is apparent delay in even informing the parents of the deceased immediately it was noticed that he was sick. This delay prima facie shows contributory negligence of the School staff. Since the concerned Police have registered a criminal case against the School staff u/s. 304 A IPC and u/s. 23 of Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000, the Commission feels it proper not to go in deep in this regard. However, it is brought to the notice of the Commission that though there is a project called as 'Ekatmikkruta Adivasi Vikas Prakalp' (Integrated Tribal Development Project) since 1975-76, it appears there is no proper implementation of the scheme and as such after discussion with the project officers and all others concerned the Commission would like to make certain recommendations to the State Government. From the records in the state of Maharashtra it is seen that in eight districts this project is under implementation as large number of tribals resides in these districts. The statistics made available discloses that there are nearly 552 Government Ashram Schools, 556 Ashram Schools with grants and 425 Hostels for tribal boys and girls. In all nearly 56,488 tribal children are in the ashram schools out of whom nearly 8,898 tribal children reside in the hostels. Since these ashram schools and hostels are located not in easily accessible places and the responsibility of health care of these children is on the health department. In this regard the Government of Maharashtra by its शासन ननणय क्रमांक संनकण 1096/1530/प्रक्र 304/ आरोगय 4 said to have appointed 37 medical units and these units as well as the primary health centres are required to hold medical check up for the students four times annually. In the report submitted to the Commission itself it is stated that this medical check-up programme is not done regularly and properly because of non-filling up of posts of Doctors and other staff. The report also discloses that the population of tribals in Maharashtra is in nearly 9.4% of the entire population and in order to give proper facilities for the development of tribals a huge sum is allotted in the budget. In fact as the records disclosed in the budget of 2014-15 a sum of Rs. 4,814.92 crores which is 9.4% of the entire budget of the State has been allotted to the Tribal Development Department. However, taking into consideration the factual position the Commission is of the view that somewhere there is huge gap between the budget allotted and its utilisation. The State Government and the concerned department are required to look into the same and plug the hole of the non-utilisation or / and misutilisation of the funds specifically allotted to the Tribal Development Project. After long discussion with the officers of the project and after perusing the records made available, the Commission is of the view that it is high time to give directions / recommendations to the State and the concerned departments presently in so far as looking after the health of these tribal children staying and studying in these tribal Ashram Schools in Maharashtra. The Commission makes the following recommendations:- A) Though Sadanand Bhagwan Gund died due to ill health, since Commission finds contributory negligence on the part of School Authorities in not getting him immediate and proper treatment, and the concerned Department has contributed in negligence by not taking proper precaution the Commission deems it proper to award an interim relief compensation of Rs. 1,00,000/- to the parents of deceased to be paid by the State in four weeks. B) The State Government shall implement the Tribal Development Project / Scheme for the welfare of Tribals in general and in particular to the Tribal Children Education and Health programme in its true letter and spirit. C) Taking into consideration the inadequacy of medical units, the State is directed to provide sufficient number of Doctors especially pediatricians and Staff to look after the health of tribals in general and Ashram School children in particular. The Commission recommends that for every tribal Taluka where the Ashram Schools Hostels are located, already identified by the State there shall be sufficient number of medical staff (preferably one qualified Doctor (Pediatrician) one general physician and nursing staff) and they shall be provided enough medicines and basic tools commonly required. This medical staff is to be in exclusive services for the welfare of the tribals and their children. D) Taking into consideration the geographical situation and difficult terrain to access the medical facilities immediately, the State Government shall provide well equipped ambulances to each project area (3 – 5 Talukas). E) As per the direction of the State each tribal child, studying and residing in the Ashram Schools is to be given medical check-up once in a quarter of an year or at least twice a year and proper records of the same to be maintained. F) The State shall establish necessary pathological laboratories in every project areas. G) Every Doctor and medical staff requires to be sensitized about the importance of medical check-up of each child in the custody of the Ashram Schools. H) The School officials like Head Master and the Teachers and other staff are required to be sensitized for taking proper care of the children studying and staying in the Ashram Schools. I) The Project Officer be directed to regularly visit preferably once in a month along with the medical team and maintain a health report of each child staying in the Ashram Residential Schools. The Commission expects the State Government to take a firm decision in respect of the recommendations made above and submit the action taken report to the Commission in four months from the date of receipt of the order. The Secretary to communicate this order to the parties concerned. (Justice S. R. Bannurmath) Chairperson, SHRC

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ИКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ, ГОД. І, №3 проф. д-р ДЕЗМЪНД МАКФОРЪН ЮГОЗАПАДЕН УНИВЕРСИТЕТ "НЕОФИТ РИЛСКИ", гр. БЛАГОЕВГРАД ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING REGULATIONS: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES Prof. Dr. DESMOND McFORAN SOUTH-WESTERN UNIVERSITY "NEOFIT RILSKI", BLAGOEVGRAD Abstract: This paper looks at the broad spectrum of the global problem of money-laundering and how international reaction to this phenomenon has resulted in strict regulations with which all banks must comply, by creating internal systems and procedures for compliance with anti-money laundering regulations. The fact that these regulations have been significantly widened to include accountants and lawyers, for example, makes us all – to a greater or to a lesser extent – subject to these regulations. How the European Union and the United States have responded is also discussed, as is the relationship between these regulations and Basel II. Key words: AML, enterprise, securities markets, correspondent bank, customer, shell banks, compliance. Money-laundering is not a new phenomenon. All criminals have always sought to mask the link between the crime and the money which it generates, so that they could enjoy the benefits of their criminal activity. If, however, the criminal perceives no threat to his money, then there is no need to launder it! However, it is estimated that money-laundering accounts for the staggering amount of between 2-5% of global GDP. 1. A BRIEF HISTORY Until the 1980s, law enforcement was not particularly active in either finding or recovering the financial proceeds of crime. However, with the exponential growth of the narcotics trade during the 1980s, the 'crime bosses' of the trade began to be individually targeted and, the investigations which ensued, were concentrated on following the 'money trail' coupled with the laundering process. It then became clear, that the most effective way of stopping the money flows was to make the laundering process itself, a criminal offence. smaller economies, creating political instability and by encouraging and supporting corruption – both in governments and within financial institutions. In 1988, the UN Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (the Vienna Convention), initiated a major paradigmshift in the way in which the major industrialized economies viewed moneylaundering. In 1989, the G7 countries decreed that money-laundering posed a major threat to the global financial markets and systems, by distorting markets, providing unfair competition, undermining This caused the G7 to create the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), with members who were drawn from officials of the OECD countries, together with some selected others including the European Commission. The FATF was charged with identifying international 'best practice' in combating and preventing moneylaundering. The publication of these standards in 1990 is known as the FATF Forty Recommendations. By 1996, most member countries had enacted legislation to reflect the FATF's 1990 recommendations. In that year, the FATF introduced new and altogether more stringent Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regulations. One of these was to widen the 'predicate offence' term to cover al serious crimes, including proceeds from fraud, tax evasion, insider trading, investment scams and corruption. Following 11 September 2001, the FATF released eight new special recommendations, aimed at attacking terrorist financing and, that such offences be designated as 'money-laundering predicate offences'. (1) However, the problem arose as to how legitimately earned money which was subsequently utilized for terrorist activity, could be deemed a 'predicate offence'? The result of the ensuing debate was the creation of new legal obligations to identify suspicious transactions that might be related to terrorism, coupled with extensive powers to block and freeze such transactions. In 2003, there was a further paradigmshift when, in that year, the FATF reviewed both its original recommendations and its First Revision. The result was that both the scope and the content changed. The definition of a financial institution was widened to include (not just the original banks, insurance companies and those involved in the securities markets), casinos, gem dealers, real estate agents, bullion dealers, accountants, lawyers and financial advisers. At the same time, all the other provisions were both strengthened and expanded. These provisions cover: - "Know Your Customer" (KYC); - the reporting of suspicious transactions; - the verification of identities; - the avoidance of shell banks; - the avoidance of anonymous accounts; - the institutionalization of AML policies; - the scrutiny of high-risk customer activity; - the expert training of staff. In order to secure compliance with these newly-strengthened and newly-widened obligations, regulators had to enhance their response to non-compliance. The reason for this, was that criminals are now seen to be vacillating between cash-based money-laundering activities and banks and the financial markets. The derivatives and securities markets are seen to be particularly attractive to moneylaunderers, because a broker can launder money through a quite legal transaction, with absolutely no need to ever make a false accounting entry! The aim of the money-launderer, is 'paper-trail avoidance' and, that is why cash-intensive 'front' businesses are favored. These are businesses such as restaurants, bars, tourist hotels, pawnbrokers, travel agencies, construction companies, automobile dealerships and jewellery merchants. Such businesses can use false-invoicing, ghost employees and inflated expenses, in order to create fictitious cash-flows and transactional patterns (both in value and in velocity), so that they ultimately appear to be normal. 2.AML IN THE UNITED STATES (US) The US Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), requires institutions to both track and report cash transactions in excess of designated thresholds, to have systems in place for the detection of either unusual or suspicious transactions or activity, and to report suspicious activity. In addition to this, the Patriot Act was enacted in October 2001. The current legislation – in line with FATF recommendations – has additionally extended AML to include brokers, dealers and commodities traders as well as nonfinancial entities, the insurance industry and investment advisors. There have also been new and additional requirements imposed on financial institutions to verify customer identification. Similarly, the correspondent relations between banks have come under even greater scrutiny, as have private bank clients and foreign shell banks. In order to ensure that such relationships ate not improperly conducted, financial institutions in the US must now obtain certificates from their foreign customers (whether individuals or correspondent banks), which certify that they are not shell banks and, in turn, that they hold no accounts for foreign shell banks. Additionally, US banks and financial institutions are now required to perform enhanced due diligence on both foreign correspondent banks and foreign private bank clients – in particular, on clients either from off-shore jurisdictions, or, from jurisdictions which are deemed to be 'nonco-operative countries or territories'. Private bank clients are designated as being those who maintain either a relationship with a US financial institution, which is worth more than US$1 million, or who are deemed to be 'politically exposed persons'. In order to prevent US institutions from dealing with forbidden individuals or jurisdictions listed by the Office of Foreign Assets Controls, the Patriot Act imposed a "Customer Identification Program" (CIP). This requires US financial institutions to collect a minimum amount of identifying information from all customers – individual, institutional or beneficial. Anonymity per se is totally forbidden and, indeed, US banks cannot process outgoing funds transfer transactions, unless all parties are named. However, it is currently estimated that more than 3,200 US banks, 6, 000 brokerage firms and 4,400 insurance companies have yet to even begin to implement basic 'watch' procedures. And yet, between 2003 and 2005, more than US$632 million was spent in the US on AML technology and services. During 2005, however, the rate of banks and other financial institutions taking up measures to comply with AML requirements has risen considerably. This is probably a "knee-jerk" reaction to three specific instances which took place in the US in 2004, where AML regulators issued heavy fines for AML noncompliance. On 10 May 2004, UBS was fined US$100 million for illegally transferring dollars from a Federal Reserve account to Cuba. Five months later, on 12 October, AmSouth Bank of Birmingham, Alabama, was fined US$10 million for AML violations. Six weeks later on 30 November, the Bank of New York was fined US$24 million also for AML violations. These extremely highprofile cases, have put the US financial world on notice that the AML regulators seriously mean business. 3. AML AND THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU) In June 2004, the European Commission presented a proposal for a Directive on the "Prevention of the USE of Financial Assets for the Purposes of Money-Laundering and Terrorist Financing." (2) The Third Directive is an attempt to ensure a coherent application within all member states (whether inside or outside of the Eurozone), of the revised FATF Forty Recommendations. (3) On 7 June 2005, The Council of Ministers for Finance and Economic Affairs of the European Union (ECOFIN), approved the Third Directive together with the amendments of the European Parliament of two weeks earlier. This Directive introduces a risk-based approach, whereby banks are obliged to implement customer due diligence requirements proportionally to the concrete risks involved. It is also recognized therein, that risks may differ depending on the interaction of the type of Customer, Country, Transaction. It is also recognized that, in order to compile information on the identity of customers as well as beneficial owners, banks will need to rely upon the quality of the information provided by the customers themselves. European banks will be able to share this information with other banks and institutions via the principle of "mutual recognition", therefore avoiding the need for customer due diligence for each and every cross-border transaction. This was agreed as an important aspect of the new Single European Payments Area (SEPA), which is due to come into force between 2008 and 2010 within the Euro-zone area of the EU. The Third Directive also defined "beneficial owners", "politically exposed persons" and "shell banks" in a way which preserved the basis of current European law. A "beneficial owner", is defined as "… the natural person who ultimately, directly or indirectly owns or controls 25% or more of the shares or of the voting rights of a legal person," (4). "Politically exposed persons", are now defined as: "… natural persons who are or have been entrusted with prominent public functions and immediate family members or persons known to be close associates of such persons." (5) Similarly, the Third Directive now defines a "shell bank" as: "… a credit institution or an institution engaged in equivalent activities, incorporated in a jurisdiction in which it has no physical presence, involving meaningful mind and management, and which is unaffiliated with a regular financial group." (6) The importance of these definitions, is that Europeans are showing themselves to be much more pragmatic than their US counterparts. It is now generally accepted within financial circles in Europe for example, that the idea of 'knowing your customer's customer', is generally an unworkable option. Interestingly, the Third Directive also quite specifically prohibits any disclosure whatsoever to customers, that information relating to their transactions has been transmitted to the authorities. (7) However, members of the same financial such information with each other under certain group are permitted to share specific circumstances. (8) Member countries of the European Union will have to implement the Third Directive in full, within a two-year period following its publication in the Official Journal. Yet, it should be pointed out here, that AML regulators in Europe have been equally as vigorous in the fulfillment of their regulatory obligations, as have their American cousins! As far back as 2000, the United Kingdom (UK) enacted the Regulation of Investigating Powers Act. Two years later saw the enactment of the Proceeds of Crime Act containing comprehensive AML regulations. These regulations require UK banks to maintain a high level of provision against litigation exposures, which negatively affect a bank's capital adequacy ratios. Important legal cases under this legislation were the fines handed out by the UK Financial Services Authority (FSA), the country's AML regulators, of GBP 2.3 million to Abbey National Bank for failing to comply with AML regulations; the Bank of Scotland and Northern Bank (Northern Ireland) were fined GBP 1.25 million for failures to identify customers and for failing to keep records of customer identification; the Bank of Ireland was fined GBP 375, 000 for failing to detect a series of high-risk cash transactions. (9) 4. AML AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO BASEL II The regulations of Basel II, are designed to make banking safer, by determining the minimum capital which banks must reserve, in order to absorb potential losses from market credit and operational risks. By the same token, AML legislation is designed to protect the interests of genuine customers (on the one hand) while also avoiding liability exposure on account of failure to report suspicious transactions to the regulatory authorities, in a timely manner. To do this, however, banks will be required to amass and process a considerable amount of historical data. Boards of Directors of banks must know and be able to act on the following:: І. major aspects of operational risk as a distinct category of risk; ІІ. continual internal audit of the bank's operational risk management system; ІІІ. to ensure that "Risk-Mapping' and 'Key Risk Indicators" are used to assess operational risk; ІV. ensure regular monitoring of operational risk profiles and material exposure to losses. Collating data under AML procedures, is directly related to the data now necessary under Basel II requirements. Before Basel II is implemented, banks will be required to maintain three years of historical data. Basel II is expected to come into force in 2006-7. Provided that a transactional framework is designed for AML that is also aligned for Basel II requirements, banks will be able to make the best use of their information without having to invest in multiple systems. Basel II addresses both credit risk and operational risk, and these two aspects of banking risk management cannot be tackled successfully with poor data. In any case, poor data is the major barrier to effective risk monitoring and management. Similarly, a failure to implement AML, also adds to operational risk. A failure to meaningfully address operational risk can also result in total catastrophe, as has been shown in recent years - viz. the Barings Bank and also the Enron scandals. 5. AML AND THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF ALL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS In order to ensure compliance with AML, all financial institutions must have in place effective policies and procedures to meet these expanded regulations and obligations. This also applies to Bulgarian banks. These policies and procedures can be delineated as follows: 1.An enterprise-wide awareness of all staff of the current AML requirements. 2.There must be thorough training which is directly related to the roles of individual staff members and their operational duties, e.g. account managers, tellers, back-office staff, senior management, compliance officers, together with those who develop new products. 3.Account managers and other staff must be thoroughly versed and completely knowledgeable about each customer, together with the conduct of extensive and expensive due diligence when such is deemed to be necessary. 4.Those entities with which the enterprise does business, must be thoroughly screened by equally rigorous procedures. 5.Effective software must be employed throughout the enterprise, which can assist in identifying unusual transactions. 6.An effective relationship must be developed with the regulatory authorities and with their regulators. 7.Expenditures on software and training must be whole-heartedly supported. 8.There must be an enterprise-wide recognition that there is some business which it is simply not worth having, and that such business is better avoided. 9.There must be a total and unequivocal commitment on the part of the Board of Directors towards AML policy, both domestically and internationally. Financial institutions, particularly the larger ones, operate globally. Therefore they are subject to financial regulators in every jurisdiction in which they operate. For example, a Singapore bank which has branch offices in London and New York, will have to meet all US, UK and EU AML standards, both in the UK and in its domestic operations. Under the US Patriot Act, regulators can require that US banks that have correspondent banking relations with other banks, cease those relationships, if the correspondent bank does not meet US AML standards. Similarly, compliance failures mean that the perceived image of a bank is one in which the perception will be that the bank has a clientele made up of corrupt politicians, failed businessmen, fraudsters, organised criminals and terrorists!! This is not a rosy prospect for future business! Therefore, AML compliance on the other hand, requires that banks 'Know Your Customer' (KYC), and is able to detect changes in account activities such as changes in funds volume. This invokes the necessity for high-quality record-keeping, all of which is extremely sound business practice. Apart from KYC, the key to AML controls is also the constant monitoring of transaction flows. This is important because of the concept of 'layering'. 'Layering' is the technique which involves routing funds through multiple accounts in a chain, in order to hide the origin of the transaction. It is a method widely used by moneylaunderers. 6. THE CURRENT PROBLEMS OF AML COMPLIANCE AML detection systems have evolved from being simple rules-based systems into systems which use an anomaly-based approach. Rules-based systems are designed to uncover specific transactions or patterns, which are associated with criminal financial activity. However, the problem with terrorist financing – as has been pointed out above – is that the transaction starts out with 'clean' money, usually occurring in much smaller amounts than those to be found in traditional money-laundering. The anomaly-based approach pays special attention to unusual transactions and/or activities, which would not be considered 'normal'. This is accomplished by building profiles of past account activity, or, by creating 'peer groups' of accounts which should behave in a similar manner. This information can then be used to provide analysis by producing predictive techniques such as decision-trees, regression analysis and neural networks to build models which score any new activity as to its likelihood of being suspicious. The whole area of AML detection, has been made doubly more difficult, because of the evolution of electronic banking and other modes of funds transfer. The scale of the problem is such, that estimates of illicit cash flowing through US banks and brokerage firms in 2003, amounted to more than US$300 billion. In the same year US$11 billion was spent on new technology. In fact, very few institutions have by September 2005, found a way to install a centralised customer-identification system that provides a single customer ID, together with a view across all the relationships of the customer for the institution. For example, many of the largest global banks which have been created through acquisitions, still have divisions which are unable to communicate with each other. Another factor for European banks is the large number of their internet customers. Here, the problem is particularly acute, because currently, there is no system available which can integrate internet banking with mainstream banking procedures. As a kind of 'stop-gap' measure, some financial institutions have adopted a simple 'payment transaction filter' in order to discover suspicious activity, whereby highvalue transactions or priority messages are manually checked for AML compliance. The paradox with this approach is, however, that the penalty for holding up a transaction which later proves to be 'clean', is much higher than the penalty for letting-through transactions that seldom prove to be ‘dirty’!! Other banks have adopted a more integrated approach, whereby the AML compliance 'engine' sits on top of the core banking software, analysing and reporting on all transactions, whether internal or external. The newer generation of AML systems, are also able to 'learn' and to adapt to new patterns and schemes as and when they arise, simply by achieving a contextual understanding of customer behaviour in order to analyse risk. Such newer generation of systems are also able to identify any form of unusual behaviour across all applications for banking products i.e. trade management, loans, credit/debit cards and payments within the banking organisation. Many of these applications and approaches have, however, been of a piece-meal nature and, they have been targeted towards areas and regions which were deemed to be of absolute and critical necessity. Unfortunately most banks have made little or no specific efforts to derive benefits from their investments through either better management or of the re-use of data and processes for multiple purposes. To be effective, an AML system requires an enterprise-wide approach, together with a well-constructed compliance programme. This should mean that messages which are post-transactional confirmations – such as bank advice notes and statements – can be left out of the AML compliance procedure. All payments and asset-transfer messages can then be passed through a central AML-compliant filter and a common payment gateway. However, serious problems still remain to be resolved in the area of AMLcompliance and coverage. Once a transaction that proves to be a 'front' for money-laundering is discovered, how it will be dealt with, is still a 'grey' area. An organization with a global operation faces a tough challenge. If the party to the transaction is lucky enough to be living in a 'soft' regulatory regime, the funds will simply be returned back with the reason for doing so being attached. Otherwise, in a 'hard' regulatory regime, the funds will be blocked or frozen by the receiving or sending banks. 7. CONCLUSION Stringent compliance with AML regulations to the fullest extent, is an enterprise-wide investment in a business model for risk management. As such, it will also, inevitably, lend support to a long-term business transformation. By linking AML into a wider fraud detection strategy, financial institutions will benefit from more effective detection and, therefore, increased fraud loss savings. Similarly, an AMNL solution will provide an enhanced customer resource management system. Information regarding the source of funds, how the customer utilizes those funds, basic account information and product preferences, is already available in various departments of every bank. The challenge is to aggregate this information into a more behaviorallyoriented context, in order to support broader mandates. These will probably include an analysis of customers' transactional behavior in comparison to 'normalized' activity, risk, the linking of customer relationships, accurate and timely filing and retrieval systems, with both adaptability and expandability. Finally, all accountants, lawyers and financial advisers, should be aware of their responsibilities to understand the current international regulations and requirements, and the fact that they, too, are subject to them. The same is true of all businesses in the cash-intensive 'risk' sector. Ignorance of the law is no defence, and the year of Bulgaria's accession to the EU is fast approaching. It is quite clear that the US and EU regulators are taking AML seriously. It behooves everyone who is in any way connected to the financial markets and institutions in Bulgaria to take particular note, and to adapt their organizational response accordingly. REFERENCES 1. FATF: Special Recommendation 2001. Especially SR2. 2. See also Directive 2001/97/EC 10 June 1991; Directive 2001/97/EC 4. December 2001. 3. FATF 40 Recommendations, Enlarged #rd. Revision, June 2003. 4. Article 6. 5. Article 3.10. 6. Article 3.11. 7. See Article 25. 8. Ibid. 9. P. Robinson "Anti-Money Laundering Regulations – Next Generation Developments" in Financial Crime FSA 2005; also "How Banks are Facing Up to the Challenge" in Global AntiMoney Laundering Survey KPMG 2004.

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Abstract art explained by UD professor an interview by Marie Rafalko An exhibition of recent paintings and works on paper by UD Art professor Mark Lavatelli is now on view at the Conduit Gallery. The Conduit is located at 2814 Elm Street in Deep Ellum (next door to the Video Bar). The exhibition opened on October 25, and continues through November 25. Lavatelli's current work is primarily abstract, though many of them contain recognizable images. Recently, Lavatelli was interviewed about the evolution of his art work. University News: Years ago, your work was based primarily from nature. What compelled you, as an artist, to paint from nature? Lavatelli: Nature is extremely beautiful. The aesthetic experience of nature is as powerful or more powerful than the aesthetic experience of Art. I wanted to recreate the experience of being in the landscape. After the paintings that contain natural forms, your work became increasingly abstract and geometric. What influenced this change? I realized that I could never fully recreate the experience of nature in a painting because a painting only addresses vision; and nature affects the total sensorium, all five senses. One is affected by smell, by touch, and by sounds. I was interested in exploring other things that I could do with painting. I was influenced by the formalist aesthetic which proposes that each art medium should emphasize its intrinsic qualities. Since paintings are flat surfaces, the image should also be flat and thus abstract. Do you contain elements of nature in your abstract paintings? Yes, nature continues to be a source of inspirations. Nature is the greatest teacher of color harmony. The landscape paintings I had done before were based on an area of fallen logs in the Sandi mountains near Albuquerque. This place fascinated me because the organic forms [logs] were in a geometric configuration. Did this dynamism in nature compel you to abstract from what you saw? Yes, the log patterns were the basis of my abstract work. I utilized the geometric relationships from the landscape setting. Also the geometric paintings contain some atmospheric qualities and textures that came out of nature. The landscape of New Mexico influenced your abstract paintings. How did your move to Dallas affect your work? My paintings remained angular and geometric. These configurations relate to the urban environment and the angles of interior settings. My immediate environment does have an influence on my work. Your current paintings at the Conduit have an increased vitality and have let go the emphasis on geometry. How did this occur? I turned inward for pictorial sources. I see painting as a fabric of associations in the mind. In the act of painting, a dialogue occurs between what is expressed and a mysterious inner world. This is another way of explaining the role of intuition, which makes painting a continuing mystery and challenge. You have included organic forms in your recent work. Why is this? I believe that organic forms more accurately express the life of the psyche. Also, the new paintings contained a deep rhythmical space. I felt the need for addition of that complexity. I was tired of making flat paintings. Space was an element that I had reduced in the past. Things that have been discarded can become alive and magical again. What are the current paintings about? In the most general sense, the paintings reflect everyone's struggle to maintain balance and equilibrium in the complex and confusing world we live in. These paintings contain recognizable images. What do they represent? The symbols in my paintings can mean more than one thing. The leaf or sprout shape may be seen as a symbol of growth and represents my interest in nature. This shape also resembles an abstracted club or shillelagh. When juxtaposed with the head shape, perhaps it symbolizes a thought which can "bop" you. The spiral that is repeated within the body of work represents concentric rings of energy. Also it is an ancient generative symbol. Relative to the head shape, the sprial relates to halos in religious paintings. Perhaps the Art History that I teach enters into the image. The head shape itself has been present in my work since 1983. Only recently have I decided to include facial features in the finished work. Do you think the viewer is more at ease with paintings that contain a figurative element? The presence of a head or mask image makes the content more clear. Do you feel you have to satisfy a If I were after a large audience, I would be using television as a medium. I accept the fact that my audience is probably a limited one. It is an audience that is interested in art. It is not my role as a painter to educate the viewer about what is art and what isn’t. I am satisfied when those who are interested in art find something stimulating and exciting in my work. I think that the art community does respond well to my work. This is evident in that my work is shown in galleries, and occasionally it sells. Although the arts have always appealed to a specific audience, it is true that representational art has a wider audience than does abstract art. Do you think abstraction has anything in common with realism? Yes, all paintings contain the formal elements of art. These elements are shape, color, line, value, texture, attitudes of creating space, and compositional ideas. It is up to the artist to organize these elements on a flat surface. Both realistic and abstract paintings contain these elements. The difference is that abstraction does not contain a representational element. As Hans Hoffmann said, “Every figurative attempt in the visual arts is positively to be condemned when made without consideration of the underlying aesthetic principle of abstraction, because such mortal negligence will necessarily lead to uninspired, imitative and academic formalism.” I believe this is true, yet also I feel that realistic and abstract art styles are equally challenging.

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RCN Fertility Nursing forum conference and exhibition Back to the future Saturday 16 April 2016, Royal College of Nursing, 20 Cavendish Square, London W1G 0RN Nurses are key health professionals in the field of reproductive health both in the NHS and independent sector. This conference acknowledges how the landscape of reproductive health is changing with updates and insights on the law and from regulatory bodies. The audience will hear speakers at the cutting edge of developing reproductive techniques and be presented with the latest data around the sensitive issue of funding and access to treatment for women and men. Attending the conference will enhance professional development and clinical practice for nurses and HCA/AP's working in this highly specialised field, as well as providing an important networking opportunity. Sessions include: * PGS DNA fragmentation. * The Law and the implications of legal parenthood. * Nurse revalidation. Timings: * Fertility Fairness - formerly the National Infertility Awareness Campaign (NIAC). An overview of access to treatment and funding. * Patient experience of overseas egg donation. * Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) legal parenthood audit recommendations. For further information please visit www.rcn.org.uk/events and search 'Fertility' Join us at this event and receive a free centenary badge 9.30 am registration 10am conference begins 3.30pm conference closes media partner Event code Source code To book your place fill in your details below: 23-16112 005 048 RCN Fertility Nursing forum conference and exhibition Saturday 16 April 2016, Royal College of Nursing, 20 Cavendish Square, London W1G 0RN Discounts. Tick as appropriate. Max one per booking Associate retired/HCA/AP 40% off fee Accredited RCN trade Union Representative 25% off fee Pay using your RCN Credit Card £15 discount Group Discount –three or more delegates 10% off each fee Your details (in block capitals) RCN member Yes/No RCN membership number Email address Title First name Surname Job title Organisation Organisation town Home number Mobile number Address Postcode Specific requirements (dietary, accessibility) Payment By cheque (made payable to the Royal College of Nursing) Credit/Debit card: I authorise you to debit my VISA / MASTERCARD / MAESTRO (please circle) Card No Issue No Card exp M M / Y Y Valid from M M / Y Y Security code Cardholder's name and address if different from above Email address BACS: National Westminster Bank Sort code: 60-40-02 Account no: 58898557. (Please send remittance advice with your completed registration form as proof of payment. Where payment is made via faster payment, please include the delegate(s) name(s) and event code at the top of this form as a reference.) Conference fees RCN member £150 Non member £220 Signature Date HOW TO BOOK www.rcn.org.uk/events Online booking is now available at and search ‘fertility’ Post this booking form with payment/remittance advice to: Event registrations, PO Box 2329, Cardiff CF23 8YZ. Fax this booking form to: 029 2054 6489 with your credit card details. Phone (payment with credit card/Maestro): 029 2054 6460. Registration confirmation: All bookings will be confirmed in writing, and nearer to the conference you will receive delegate information, including directions to the venue. If you want to confirm that you are registered for the event, please contact: RCN Event registrations on 029 2054 6460 Mon-Fri 9am – 4.30pm. TERMS OF BOOKING Conference fees: The conference fee includes registration for the conference, conference materials, lunch and refreshments. It does not include travel or accommodation. Cancellations: Cancellations received one full month before the start of the event will be refunded, minus a 25% administration fee. No refunds can be processed after this date. Places can be substituted with the prior knowledge and agreement of RCN Events. It may be necessary for reasons beyond the control of the organisers to alter the content and timing of the programme or the occasional identity of the speakers. RCN Events take no responsibility for non-refundable travel/accommodation in the case of a changed programme or cancelled event. Tel: +44 (0) 207 647 3577 | Fax: +44 (0) 20 7647 3411 Data protection: We like to keep you informed about services, campaigns, events, publications and new initiatives. It is also important for us to find out your views on a range of issues. This may be by post, telephone or electronic messaging. SHOULD YOU NOT want us to do this, please tick this box Please tick the box if you would like to be informed by post or email of favourable rates on a variety of externally provided services Further information: If you need to enquire about further details of the conference please contact the organiser: Jane Edey, Conference and Events Organiser, Royal College of Nursing, 20 Cavendish Square, London W1G 0RN Tel: 020 7647 3578 Fax: 020 7647 3411 Email: [email protected] Website: www.rcn.org.uk/events

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INTENT Edinboro University's Purchasing Card Program is designed to improve efficiency in processing low dollar value purchases ($500 or less). POLICY The University Purchasing Card (UPC) can be used to make purchases with any merchant who accepts MasterCard. University Departments may participate in the program with the recommendation of the divisional vice president and approval of the Vice President for Finance and Administration. Each UPC is issued to a named University employee (active status) who is responsible for the integrity and accuracy of their UPC purchase information. The credit card is identified as a "Procurement Card" and the Edinboro University of PA name and logo are clearly displayed on the card. Use of the UPC will not affect the employee’s personal credit. The UPC cardholder and the department they represent are responsible for charge slips, shipping orders and receipts. Appropriate maintenance of the purchasing receipts and other documentation are essential to the success of the program. All transactions are approved or declined at the point of sale based on the UPC authorization criteria, including a monthly credit limit assigned to the department, approved merchant commodity code, and approved type of business (Merchant Category Code). Once the transaction has been approved, the charge is automatically posted to the University’s bank account and payment for all UPC transactions is performed electronically, eliminating the need to process vendor invoices and issue checks for each invoice. University funds are committed whenever the UPC is used; purchases will be posted to the cardholder department’s budget. The person whose name appears on the card (UPC cardholder) is responsible for protecting the card and is accountable for all purchases made using the card number. All purchases processed against a UPC must be made by the person to whom the card is issued. The card is for University-related purchases only; personal charges are not to be made to the card. Fraudulent use or misuse of the UPC may result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment. All charges are billed directly to and paid by the University. Any personal charges on the card could be considered misappropriation of Commonwealth funds since the cardholder cannot pay the bank directly. The VPC may not be used for the following transactions - Cash advances - Alcoholic beverages or tobacco products - Personal items or services (regardless of intent to reimburse the University), gifts or gift certificates - Annual contract maintenance Construction and renovation - Consulting services Cardholders are expected to comply with internal control procedures in order to protect University assets. This includes keeping receipts, reconciling UPC monthly memo statements, and following proper security measures. Cardholders are responsible for resolving discrepancies by contacting the supplier (vendor) and the University’s Accounting Office. Original receipts and supporting documentation must be documented on the Department Activity log and sent to the Accounting Office at the end of each month. A cardholder must surrender the card upon termination of employment (i.e. retirement or voluntary/involuntary separation) or at any time either the University or the Bank requests. At this point, no further use of the UPC account is authorized. A UPC may be revoked at any time by the University for any reason. The UPC is not an entitlement nor reflective of title or position. [Frequently Asked Questions FAQs] Purchasing Cardholders - FAQs WHO DO I CALL -- for Card Related Problems? Q. What is my account verification code? The account verification code consists of nine digits; the first five are ‘9’s, the last four are the last four of your social security number. Q. When do I call the Program Administrator @ 814-732-1304 or 732-2725? You should call Accounting when you experience: 1. Declined charge due to credit line increases/exceeding credit limits. 2. Declined charge and you need vendor-type blocking removed from your card. 3. Refer a NEW SUPPLIER to add to the Purchasing Card Program. Q. When do I call the Global Card services on the back of the Card @ 1-888-449-2273, available 365 days/year, 24-hours/day? Most Service Issues can be handled through the Global Card services line at 1-888-449-2273. These service issues could include: - Transaction disputes or LOST OR STOLEN CARDS. - Spending availability and status of a disputed transaction. Q. What should I do if FRAUD or a charge I didn’t authorize appears on my statement? Contact Global Customer services immediately. If there is a chance of fraudulent activity, the account will be closed, and a new account number will be issued to you immediately. Q. What should I do if my card is DECLINED at the vendor/merchant? When your card is declined, the first thing you should do is call your Program Administrator to find out if the charge can be put through. Quite frequently cards are declined because the merchant is coded with an incorrect vendor classification. For example, if you are shopping for a software program in a computer supply store, the store may be coded inadvertently as a utility. Other reasons for declined charges include exceeding spending limits and merchant blocking (certain types of merchants are not allowed within policies). Some of these problems can be resolved by calling the Program Administrator who may follow-up with Customer Service. Q. How do I DISPUTE the charge on my statement? When your goods are LOST in-transit from the supplier, or your charges are posted incorrectly, goods may be Damaged or Returned due to receipt of an incorrect item or quantity, take the following action: 1. Attempt to correct the error with the vendor. 2. If you cannot resolve the problem with the vendor, call the Customer Service Hotline Immediately. 3. Federal regulations require that you notify Bank of America in writing within 60 Days of the first statement date which the disputed charge occurred. 4. Global Card Service can FAX you a Dispute Form to place the item in dispute. After you complete the form, you can fax it back. Notify Accounting. **Q. What kind of restrictions or controls are placed on my card?** Monthly Spending Limits: $2,500 Single Transaction Limits: $500 Merchant Blocking: Certain category codes are blocked at the Program level. Types of merchants excluded/blocked from Purchasing Program includes: Cash, Furriers, Clocks, Jewelry, Watches, Repair Shops, Casinos and Utilities. **Q. How do I report my purchases? How will this affect my University budget?** You must attach all original copies of card receipts and invoices or packing slips to the credit card Memo Statement (described below) and send these to the Accounting Office at the end of each month. The Department Activity Log form can be used to track purchases throughout the month. The Accounting Office will compare your Memo Statement report you send to them each month with the transactions appearing on the Bank of America bank statements. The charges appearing on the statements will then be posted to your departmental budget. You must make sure there are sufficient funds available in your budget BEFORE you use your purchasing card. If your credit card purchases exceed the funds available in your budget, your credit card will be VOIDED. **Q. Will I receive a report of my purchase?** Credit Card MEMO Statements will be mailed to the cardholder every month. The memo statements will itemize all card purchases made since the last statement. You should review these statements for accuracy and report any discrepancies or disputed charges. Match each transaction against your card receipts, attach the receipts that appear on the statement to the statement, and send the statements to the Accounting Office. You may want to copy statements and receipts for your records. **Q. Who is responsible for returning goods purchased on the credit card?** You should make arrangements to return merchandise to the vendor. You should also review the credit card memo statements to ensure that proper credit was received for the returned goods. NO CASH REFUNDS ARE PERMITTED.

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University of Birmingham Network management: capacity, operations and strategic planning Academic staff Professor Clive Roberts(/staff/profiles/eese/roberts-clive.aspx) Dr Stuart Hillmansen(/staff/profiles/eese/hillmansen-stuart.aspx) Dr Andrew Tobias(/staff/profiles/mechanical/tobias-andrew.aspx) Railways have enjoyed a recent period of rapid growth and demand for new services is increasing. Railway infrastructure managers are looking for new ways to address the capacity problem and to forecast demand.Capacity and how to improve it are among the most significant concerns of many railways worldwide. However, there are several definitions of railway capacity and therefore attempts to improve capacity are dependent on the adopted methodology. Whether a line has reached its capacity and which are the attributes most critical to capacity constraints are often not straightforward to assess. Neither are the impacts of strategic changes such as privatization (1993) , the success of major projects such as the Channel Tunnel (1994) and the modernization of the West Coast Main Line (2007) or indeed, more generally, what any given country can reasonably expect of a railway network both now and in the future. Current projects Network Rail - A Systems View of Railway Capacity MPhil Project - Strategic Change through Reorganization and Major Projects PhD Project - Modelling of Rail Freight Demand Privacy Legal Cookies and cookie policy Accessibility Site map Website feedback Charitable information © University of Birmingham 2015

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SL Green Realty Corp. Announces Common Stock Dividend May 18, 2023 NEW YORK, May 18, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- SL Green Realty Corp. (NYSE:SLG), Manhattan's largest office landlord, today announced that its board of directors has declared a monthly ordinary dividend of $0.2708 per share of common stock. The dividend is payable in cash on June 15, 2023 to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 31, 2023. About SL Green Realty Corp. SL Green Realty Corp., Manhattan's largest office landlord, is a fully integrated real estate investment trust, or REIT, that is focused primarily on acquiring, managing and maximizing value of Manhattan commercial properties. As of March 31, 2023, SL Green held interests in 60 buildings totaling 33.1 million square feet. This included ownership interests in 28.8 million square feet of Manhattan buildings and 3.4 million square feet securing debt and preferred equity investments. Forward Looking Statement This press release includes certain statements that may be deemed to be "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions thereof. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this press release that address activities, events or developments that we expect, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially, and we caution you not to place undue reliance on such statements. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by the use of the words "may," "will," "should," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "believe," "intend," "project," "continue," or the negative of these words, or other similar words or terms. Forward-looking statements contained in this press release are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by forward-looking statements made by us. Factors and risks to our business that could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements include the risks and uncertainties described in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Except to the extent required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of future events, new information or otherwise. SLG – DIV PRESS CONTACT [email protected] Source: SL Green Realty Corp

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Errata and updates for ASM Exam P Manual (Third Edition Fourth Printing) sorted by date [1/18/2021] On page 466, in the solution to question 18, on the last line, remove the yellow framed box from 4250 and the answer choice (D) and add the following line: That is the 60 th percentile of loss amount. The corresponding payment is 3750 . (C) Also correct the answer key on page 462. [1/6/2021] On page 32, in the solution to exercise 2.25, on the third line, change "third sock" to "fourth sock" and change "3 mathching out of 5" to "3 matching out of 5". [12/16/2020] On page 363, in the solution to exercise 28.10, on the ﬁfth line, delete 푝 1 + .

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St Vigor, Fulbourn; St Nicholas, Great Wilbraham; St John, Little Wilbraham; and St George, Six Mile Bottom Diocese of Ely Sunday 25 June, 2017 2 nd Sunday after Trinity, Proper 7 year A We are a group of four churches in the Diocese of Ely seeking to worship God faithfully, and to serve Him in all that we do. If you are visiting or if this is your first time worshipping with us, we would love to meet you. Welcome! Lord, you have taught us that all our doings without love are nothing worth: Send your Holy Spirit and pour into our hearts that most excellent gift of love, the true bond of peace and of all virtues, without which whoever lives is counted dead before you. Grant this for your only Son Jesus Christ's sake, who is alive and reigns with you, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. "Not peace but a sword." I resist this saying of Jesus. I resist it a lot, not only because it sounds so wrong. On so many levels. I resist it because deep down I know it's true. That's what happens when the truth gets told. When the truth is let loose. When the truth is finally uttered. And Jesus is telling the truth to his disciples -- if you anticipate a lack of resistance to the truth of which I am asking you to speak, well, I have news for you. The Kingdom of Heaven is not a tranquil existence. Rather, the Kingdom of Heaven disrupts. The Kingdom of Heaven is unsettling. The Kingdom of Heaven upends, especially, the powers that feign peace, but enforce oppression. The Kingdom of Heaven comes with the demands on which true peace insists -- and never lets go of the kind of peace God has in mind. Believing in Jesus -- really believing in what Jesus says, what Jesus stands for, and then admitting it -- is risky business. Relationships will change. Relationships could very well end. That is, in part, what Jesus is saying. When you stand up for what you believe? Nothing will be the same. PARISH CONTACTS Rector: The Revd Alice Goodman, The Rectory, 2 Apthorpe Street, Fulbourn Tel 01223 880 337 Parish Assistant Parish Office: Susie Rogers `Twelve', 15 High Street, Fulbourn Tel 01223 882 070 [email protected] Benefice website www.fulbournandthewilbrahams.org Children's Ministry Sunday School meets EVERY SUNDAY at 11:00am at Fulbourn Church in the Sunday School Room. St Vigor's Baby Dragons meets every Tuesday during term at 9:30am in the Fulbourn Centre. £1.50 for 1 adult + 1 child, 50p for each additional child. Mother and Baby Group meets every Wednesday between 2 and 3pm at Twelve. Twelveis our Church Centre and Shop, located at 15 High Street, Fulbourn. Email: [email protected] Opening hours: Monday 1:30-4:30pm, Tuesday and Thursday 9:30am-4:30pm, Friday 9.30-4.30pm, Saturday 9:30am-12:30pm. Volunteers always needed! Parish Magazine To submit something for The Mill, Fulbourn's monthly Parish Magazine, please contact the editor, Peter Woor, by 15th of each month on 880450 or at [email protected]. For copies (large or standard print), please collect from Twelve. Fellowship Groups Coffee and Chat: First Monday of the month, 10:30am12:30pm at 53 High Street, Great Wilbraham. The Word Together: Ecumenical Bible Study on the third Tuesday of the month, 2:30pm at the United Reformed Church. | 25 June | Page | 2 July | Page | |---|---|---|---| | Jeremiah 20.7-13 | 733 | Jeremiah 28.5-9 | 742 | | Romans 6.1b-11 | 152 | Romans 6.12-end | 152 | | Matthew 10.24-39 | 10 | Matthew 10.40-end | 10 | | 6:00pm | | 6:00pm | | | | Page | Psalm 50 | 531 | | | 733 | 1 Samuel 28.3-19 | 280 | | | 152 | Luke 17.20-end | 77 | If you have a notice to go into the weekly sheet, please email or call Twelve by Wednesday evening at the latest. (Tel 01223 882070 or [email protected]) This Week: Sunday 25 June ``` 08:00 Holy Communion (BCP) at F 09:30 Holy Communion at LW 11:00 Holy Communion with Sunday School at F 14.45 Home Close Service at F Monday 26 June 08:30 Morning Prayer at F Tuesday 27 June 08:30 Morning Prayer at F Wednesday 28 June 08:30 Morning Prayer at F 09:15 Wee Worship at GW Thursday 29 June 08:30 Morning Prayer at F Friday 30 June 08:30 Morning Prayer at F ``` Forthcoming Services Sunday 2 July 08:00 Holy Communion (BCP) at F 09:30 Matins at LW 09:30 Holy Communion at SMB 09:30 Come and Join at GW 11:00 Holy Communion with Sunday School at F 18:00 Evensong atF Sunday 9 July 08:00 Holy Communion (BCP) at F 09:30 Holy Communion at LW 11:00 Holy Communion with Sunday School at F 14.45 Home Close Service atF 18:00 Evensong atF Sunday 16 July 08:00 Holy Communion (BCP) at F 09:30 Holy Communion at GW 11:00 Holy Communion with Sunday School at F 18:00 Evensong at F Sunday 23 July 08:00 Holy Communion (BCP) at F 09:30 Holy Communion at LW 11:00 Holy Communion with Sunday School at F 14.45 Home Close Service atF Gluten-free Communion wafers are now available at Holy Communion. If you require one, please tell the sidesperson when you come in. Notices and Events: Please come and join us at 3.30 this Sunday to sing hymns, Songs of Praise style, with afternoon the URC and the Salvation Army Band at the Fulbourn Feast on the recreation ground. Events Great Wilbraham Bible Study will be meeting for the last time June at the Harmers on 3 rd of July at 1.30. Please call Marilyn on 880934 if you would like to go.. St Vigor's Summer Fete will take place on 2 July in the garden of The Six Bells from 2-4. BOTTLES are needed for the bottle stall at St Vigor's Fete. Any and all wholesome substances: shampoo to Champagne. Please leave in Twelve this week. Help Volunteers needed at St Vigor's to help with various cleaning job in church including general cleaning once a fortnight, and brass cleaning twice a year.

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Customer Billing Center Replacement (CBC) This project seeks to buy a software-as-a-solution (SaaS) commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) solution that allows enough configurations via the front end to allow business users to configure rules and calculations that will support the current rate case and subsequent rate cases that are issued. The Customer Billing Center (CBC) is the current application used to create and manage a monthly average of 550 bills representing 312 customers, accounting for over $4 billion in revenue per year for BPA. System enhancements support KSB's mission to produce accurate and timely bills and to improve customer satisfaction. The CBC system is directly affected by changes to Policy, Products, and Services offered by both the Power and Transmission business groups and will no longer be supported by the vendor (Oracle) after March 2022. The CBC application will require replacement. The new billing system will need to be kept current with BPA Rate Cases and changes to accurately apply all billing elements to a customer's bill.

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AMENDED NOTICE, CALL, AND AGENDA OF THE SPECIAL MEETING AND REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE TOWN OF DISCOVERY BAY CSD Wednesday August 17, 2011 1800 Willow Lake Road, Discovery Bay, California Website address: www.todb.ca.gov AMENDED SPECIAL MEETING AT 6:30p.m. A. PUBLIC COMMENT The public may address the Board on any item that is described in the agenda. The public may comment on any item on the agenda at the time that item is taken up. Any person wishing to speak must come up and speak from the podium. Any clarifying questions from the Board must go through the Chair. B. OPEN SESSION REPORT OF CLOSED SESSION ITEM PURSUANT TO GOVERNMENT CODE SECTION 54957.7. C. CLOSED SESSION: CONFERENCE WITH LEGAL COUNSEL – ANTICIPATED LITIGATION Significant Exposure to litigation, Government Code Section 54956.9(b) D. Return to open session; report on closed session E. Adjourn Special Meeting REGULAR MEETING at 7:00p.m. A. ROLL CALL 1. Call business meeting to order 7:00p.m. 2. Pledge of Allegiance B. PUBLIC COMMENTS (Individual Public Comments will be limited to a 3-minute time limit) The public may address the Board on any issue in the District’s jurisdiction, which is not on the agenda. The public may comment on any item on the agenda at the time that item is taken up. Any person wishing to speak must come up and speak from the podium. There will be no dialog between the Board and the commenter. Any clarifying questions from the Board must go through the Chair. C. PRESENTATIONS D. PRESIDENT REPORT AND DIRECTORS’ COMMENTS E. CONSENT CALENDAR All matters listed under the CONSENT CALENDAR are considered by the District to be routine and will be enacted by one motion. 1. Minutes of previous Regular meeting dated August 3, 2011 2. District Invoices 3. Approve and Accept the contract work performed by Green Valley Landscape for the construction and completion of the Discovery Bay Boulevard/ Sand Point Road Landscape Improvement project and direct Staff to record “Notice of Completion” with the Contra Costa County Recorder’s Office 4. Approve and Accept the contract work performed by James Breneman for the construction and completion of the Ravenswood Park Splash Pad (Spray Park) project and direct Staff to record the “Notice of Completion” with the contra Costa County Recorder’s Office F. NEW BUSINESS AND ACTION ITEMS 1. Agency Comment Request – Development Plan Modification - Sandy Cove Shopping Center/Chase Bank 2. Approve the purchase of one (1) Ford F-150 Pickup truck and authorize the General Manager to execute all purchase documents between the Town of Discovery Bay CSD and Big Valley Ford/Lincoln in an amount not to exceed $21,344.63 G. VEOLIA REPORT H. MANAGER’S REPORTS 1. Parks and Landscape Manager Perez - Parks and Landscape Update I. GENERAL MANAGER’S REPORT J. DISTRICT LEGAL COUNSEL REPORT K. COMMITTEE UPDATES L. CORRESPONDENCE-Discussion and Possible Action 1. R – Letter from Diablo Water District regarding the 2010 final Urban Water Management Plan dated July 22, 2011 2. R – Letter from Supervisor Piepho regarding the Board Order - Response to Civil Grand Jury Report No. 1108 Entitled “Bridging the Gap at the Orin Allen Youth Rehabilitation Facility dated July 27, 2011 3. R – Discovery Bay P-6 Zone Citizen Advisory Committee meeting Minutes for May 10, 2011 4. R – Letter from John Greitzer, Delta Water Planner to Members, Municipal Advisory Councils in the Delta regarding the Delta Economic Sustainability Plan dated August 5, 2011 5. R – State Route 4 Bypass Authority meeting Minutes for July 14, 2011 M. PUBLIC RECORD REQUESTS RECEIVED N. FUTURE AGENDA ITEMS O. ADJOURNMENT Adjourn to next Regular meeting of September 7, 2011 starting at 7:00pm at 1800 Willow Lake Road-Located in back of the Delta Community Presbyterian Church. "This agenda shall be made available upon request in alternative formats to persons with a disability, as required by the American with Disabilities Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. § 12132) and the Ralph M. Brown Act (California Government Code § 54954.2). Persons requesting a disability related modification or accommodation in order to participate in the meeting should contact the Town of Discovery Bay, at (925)634-1131, during regular business hours, at least twenty-four hours prior to the time of the meeting." "Materials related to an item on the Agenda submitted to the Town of Discovery Bay CSD after distribution of the agenda packet are available for public inspection in the District Office located at 1800 Willow Lake Road during normal business hours."

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February 25, 2016 School Board Meeting – Work Session Minu te s Lynden Middle School Library 6:30 P.M. 1. Call to Order, Welcome, Pledge of Allegiance and Roll Call Meeting called to order at 6:32P.M. Board members in attendance were Steve Jilk Mike Haveman, and Kevin Burke. Student Directors; Tore Olson and Carson Smith. Brian Johnson and Dominic Shiu were absent and excused. 2. Approval of Meeting Minutes - Meeting Minutes February 11, 2016 Mike Haveman motioned to approve the meeting minutes seconded by Kevin Burke. Motion carried by voice vote. 3. Consent Agenda - 2015-16 General Fund $274,847.94 Warrants 40104 through 40243 Dated February 15, 2016 - 2015-16 Capital Projects $83,055.14 Warrants 40244 through 40248 Dated February 15, 2016 - 2015-16 ASB Fund $40,137.76 Warrants 40249 through 40268 Dated February 15, 2016 - GF ACH $2,120.12 Warrants 151600181 through 151600203 Dated February 15, 2016 - Personnel Action Items – February 25, 2016 - Settlement - Overnight Trip Requests – February 25, 2016 Mike Haveman motioned to approve the consent agenda seconded by Kevin Burke. Motion carried by voice vote. 4. Information from the Audience None at this meeting. 5. Board Work Session - Technology Discussion – Student Directors Student Directors, Tore Olson and Carson Smith invited high school students Lauren Roddy, Moses Rodruigez, Ezra Arnez, and Meagan Shipley to participate in a discussion about technology in the classroom. The students provided information on the difference of using school devices vs. personal devices. Carson spoke about a recent experience on how a personal device was used to upload documents from Google Docs, making it easier to complete assignments. Students express the need for more technology in "real life" finance classes. The board engaged in discussion on how the school district can look at incorporating different types of technology into the curriculum program. - Budget Update The board reviewed the January budget which included enrollment, general fund comparative, revenues and expenditures. 6. Action Item - Fisher Schematic Design Plans Jim Frey provided a summary of the partnership of approving the Fisher schematic design with the help of the cost estimate and budget. Terry Brown of Zervas shared the latest schematic design plan of the building, grounds, and floor plans. Kevin Burke motioned to approve the Fisher Schematic Design Plans seconded by Mike Haveman. Motion carried by voice vote. 7. Adjourn Meeting Meeting adjourned at 8:30 P.M. Jim Frey Superintendent Brian Johnson President New Hire, Certificated Personnel Name Location Allen, Angela Varner, Lily Peach, Anne Marie Isom BVE BVE LYNDEN SCHOOL DISTRICT Lynden, WA Personnel Recommendations February 25, 2016 Position FTE Effective Overload Teacher Overload Teacher Overload Teacher Change in Assignment, Certificated Personnel Name Location Position 1.0 1.0 1.0 FTE 2.18 – 6.16.16 2.22 – 6.16.16 2.29 – 6.16.16 Effective Comments st 1 Grade – Non Continuing K – Non Continuing st 1 Grade – Non Continuing Comments New Hire, Classified Personnel Change in Assignment, Classified Personnel Name Location Position Leave of Absence, Certificated Personnel Name Location Position Hrs. FTE Effective Effective Comments Comments Leave of Absence, Classified Personnel Resignations/Retirements/Terminations, Certificated Personnel Resignations/Retirement/Terminations/Classified Personnel Supplemental Assignments Supplemental Resignations Employment with the district is subject to acceptable outcome of a criminal history records check and the requirements of RCW 28A.400)

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3rd Floor 303 Portage Ave Winnipeg, MB R3B 2B4 SCHOOL BIKE RACK APPLICATION Submission deadline: April 27 th , 2018. The City of Winnipeg, with assistance of Green Action Centre, has provided funding for the installation of a bike rack for approximately 30 schools in Winnipeg. To be considered for this funding, the following application will determine your suitability for a bike rack. In order to ensure a strong application, please ensure you read over the questions carefully and include as much detail as possible. The application review committee will assess strong applicants as schools who express clearly through writing and photo supplements the following criteria: 1. A clearly articulated strategy and plan for the ongoing support and maintenance for new bike storage options. This includes ongoing school maintenance and installation as well as encouragement of use. 2. An expressed need for new bike storage due to a lack of existing infrastructure or bike storage, or the inadequacy of current infrastructure as a result of disrepair or theft. Successful applicants will be advised by phone and email and will need to complete a waiver before proceeding with installation. Selected schools will be responsible for coordination of installation and maintenance of the bike rack. Green Action Centre 204-925-3777 | greenactioncentre.ca | [email protected] APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS School Name: Main contact name: Contact phone number: SCHOOL SUPPORT Please describe how the installation of a bike rack at your school will encourage more students and staff to bike to school. (200 word limit) How has your school demonstrated a commitment to promoting active transportation to date? (400 word limit) Please list any relevant school events, Green Team actions, and cycling-related teaching/learning related initiatives. Does your school currently experience bike theft? If so, please describe. (200 word limit) Do you current track instances of bike theft experienced at your school? If yes, please attach any supplemental data or photos indicating your school's challenge with bike theft. Do you have support from school administration and custodial staff for the implementation of a bike rack? Yes No Yes No Green Action Centre 204-925-3777 | greenactioncentre.ca | [email protected] Walking and Cycling Champions According to the Active and Safe Routes to School National Partnership: "Communities with flourishing…programs have attributed their success in part to a program champion". To ensure the ongoing success of a new bike rack, existing programming organized by local administrators, staff, or students will be important. Please provide a list of school administrators or staff that support this initiative, have current or expressed interest in bikerelated programming, and are willing to oversee its use. EXISTING CONDITIONS Do you currently track how many students and/or staff currently ride their bike to school? a) In ideal biking conditions (i.e. spring/fall, warm weather) b) In non-ideal biking conditions (i.e. winter, poor weather) If no, approximately how many students and/or staff currently ride their bike to school? What barriers currently prevent your staff or students from riding to school? (400 word limit) Does your school currently have any bike infrastructure (i.e. bike rack / bike cage)? If yes, please identify what existing bike infrastructure you have. If yes, please identify, using photo support, the current condition of each piece of bike infrastructure. If successful, please describe the maintenance plan for the bike rack to ensure it is accessible for students and teachers year round. (400 word limit) Yes No If yes, please indicate how many students/staff ride their bikes to school... Yes No Green Action Centre 204-925-3777 | greenactioncentre.ca | [email protected] We welcome applicants to submit additional documentation to strengthen their application, as identified by the criteria stated above. Acceptable documents include photos, certificates, letters of support, etc. Please note: the maximum amount given to each school for one bike rack is $750.00, including installation. Please send this completed application to Lea Coté By email: [email protected] By mail: Attn: Lea Coté, Green Action Centre, 3-303 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2B4

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University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Agricultural Research Magazine U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 2-2013 New Club Wheat Holding Its Own Against Fungal Disease Kim Garland-Campbell USDA-ARS, [email protected] Jan Suszkiw ARS Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaagresmag Part of the Agriculture Commons, Animal Sciences Commons, Food Science Commons, and the Plant Sciences Commons Garland-Campbell, Kim and Suszkiw, Jan, "New Club Wheat Holding Its Own Against Fungal Disease" (2013). Agricultural Research Magazine. 77. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaagresmag/77 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Agricultural Research Magazine by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska Lincoln. New Club Wheat Holding Its Own Against Fungal Disease YUE JIN (D517-1) Pacific Northwest wheat growers now have added insurance against outbreaks of yield-robbing fungi, thanks to Cara, a soft, white, winter club wheat cultivar developed by the Agricultural Research Service that boasts high levels of disease resistance and outstanding flour quality. Washington State accounts for 77 percent, or 230,000 acres, of the entire U.S. club wheat crop, with the remainder produced in Oregon and Idaho. Much of the acreage in Washington and Oregon is planted with three cultivars: Bruehl, Cara, and Chukar. Spring-sown club wheat cultivars JD and Eden are grown on another 11,000 acres. Although several other winter club wheats are available, there's been a push to broaden the specialty crop's genetic diversity, especially amid the latest fungal disease flareup. "Recently, we've had severe epidemics of stripe rust, which is able to mutate rapidly and overcome the resistance that's present in the current crop," says Kim Garland-Campbell, an ARS geneticist who coordinates the club wheat breeding program. "We're correcting former deficiencies, like poor disease resistance, in today's club wheat and put together a crop production package that's better than what was available." Cara, the program's latest offering, combined high grain yields and flour quality with resistance to multiple fungal diseases, most notably stripe rust, which has inflicted yield losses of up to 40 percent. The release and subsequent sale of Cara, in 2009, "coincided with a stripe-rust epidemic and has driven a lot of the popularity," notes Garland-Campbell, with the ARS Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology, and Disease Research Unit in Pullman, Washington. In Washington, Cara was planted on 17,900 acres in 2011, primarily in the 18 Stripe rust can cause significant yield losses to wheat growers. Palouse, a fertile agricultural region encompassing part of southeastern Washington and north-central Idaho. Growers in Oregon and Idaho planted 1,500 and 1,000 acres, respectively, of the cultivar. Like that from other club wheats, flour milled from Cara has low viscosity and protein content, coupled with high "break flour" and "weak gluten"—characteristics ideal for making air-leavened cakes, sugar snap cookies, biscuits, pastries, and other soft, fluffy-textured baked goods. Weakened gluten is important because it means "you can whip the batter up to give it height, whereas with a regular flour, this would give it a tough consistency," explains Garland-Campbell. "Break flour is associated with softness and gives the flour its fine texture." Club wheat flour is mainly exported to Pacific Rim countries, including Japan, Taiwan, and Korea, and is considered a value-added component of the market-class blend known as "western white wheat." For example, in Japan, this high-quality blend of soft white and 10-20 percent club wheat commands a premium price and is the flour of choice for making Kasutera, a traditional Japanese sponge cake. In the field, however, Cara is one tough cookie. It contains genes (Yr17, Pch1, and others) that enable it to withstand attack by the stripe rust fungus, Puccina striiformis; Oculimacula yallundae, which causes straw breaker foot rot; and Blumeria graminis, the culprit behind powdery mildew. Though fungicides have proven effective against these pathogens, "We've found that you still need some level of resistance in the crop, because you can't always get the fungicide on the crop in time—especially with fall infections—and fungicides are an added cost to production," says Garland-Campbell. Based on 60 yield trials conducted in plots where stripe rust was present in Oregon and Washington, Cara outperformed most other commercial cultivars, with 2-year yield averages ranging from 3 to 18 percent better than other cultivars in the trials. Cara's best performance was in five environments in the 16- to 20-inch rainfall zone of the 2011 Washington cereal variety-testing trials. Yields averaged 157 bushels per acre on rain-fed wheat produc- Agricultural Research l February 2013 tion, surpassing those of top-performing commercial club wheat checks Bruehl, Chukar, and Coda, as well as soft white wheat checks Brundage96, ORCF102, and Xerpha—especially in areas with severe rust. Cara—which was derived from crossing three diverse germplasm sources—is primarily adapted to the Palouse and other rust-prone areas with 15-24 inches of annual precipitation. It grows as a semi-dwarf plant and has sturdy stems that are less prone to lodging, or toppling over such that its grain can't be harvested. Like other club wheats, flour milled from Cara has characteristics ideal for making air-leavened cakes, cookies, pastries, and other fluffytextured baked goods. In addition to colleagues in the ARS laboratory and at Washington State University in Pullman, Garland-Campbell collaborated on Cara's development, testing, and release with scientists at the University of Minnesota, Purdue University, Oregon State University, and Connell Grain Growers, Inc., of Connell, Washington. Cara's milling, baking, and end-use properties were evaluated using international protocols set forth by AACC International (formerly American Association of Cereal Chemists). In those evaluations, Cara proved "as good as the best club wheat check cultivars with high break flour and cake volumes," Garland-Campbell and coauthors report in an upcoming issue of Crop Science. The milling quality is especially good, says Garland-Campbell. "We like to call it a monster miller." The researchers are now focusing on improving other desirable traits, including winterhardiness and grain volume. They have two new club wheat cultivars, ARS-Crescent and ARS-Chrystal, on seed increase, making the Pacific Northwest's club wheat crop even more of an asset to growers eyeing lucrative markets abroad.—By Jan Suszkiw, ARS. This research is part of Plant Genetic Resources, Genomics, and Genetic Improvement, an ARS national program (#301) described at www.nps.ars.usda.gov. Kim Garland-Campbell is in the USDAARS Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology, and Disease Research Unit, Washington State University, Room 209, Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164; (509) 335-0582, kim. [email protected].* Agricultural Research l February 2013 19

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OPEN ACCESS Citation: Tahamont S, Jelveh Z, McNeill M, Yan S, Chalfin A, Hansen B (2023) No ground truth? No problem: Improving administrative data linking using active learning and a little bit of guile. PLoS ONE 18(4): e0283811. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0283811 Editor: Kathiravan Srinivasan, Vellore Institute of Technology: VIT University, INDIA Received: March 9, 2022 Accepted: March 19, 2023 Published: April 4, 2023 Copyright: © 2023 Tahamont et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: The dataset we used in the present study contains the universe of criminal charges filed in Oregon courts between 1990 and 2012. The dataset includes personally identifiable information of each defendant, including name (first, last), date of birth, race, and sex. The dataset is maintained by the Oregon Judicial Department. Individuals who wish to replicate the analyses in the paper can apply to access the data via a public records request (https://www.oregon.gov/cjc/about/Pages/PublicRecords-Request.aspx), or through a data sharing RESEARCH ARTICLE No ground truth? No problem: Improving administrative data linking using active learning and a little bit of guile Sarah TahamontID 1 *, Zubin JelvehID 1,2 , Melissa McNeill 3 , Shi Yan 4 , Aaron Chalfin 5,6 , Benjamin Hansen 6,7 1 Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America, 2 College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America, 3 Crime Lab New York, University of Chicago, New York, NY, United States of America, 4 School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America, 5 Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, 6 National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, United States of America, 7 Department of Economics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America * [email protected] Abstract While linking records across large administrative datasets ["big data"] has the potential to revolutionize empirical social science research, many administrative data files do not have common identifiers and are thus not designed to be linked to others. To address this problem, researchers have developed probabilistic record linkage algorithms which use statistical patterns in identifying characteristics to perform linking tasks. Naturally, the accuracy of a candidate linking algorithm can be substantially improved when an algorithm has access to "ground-truth" examples—matches which can be validated using institutional knowledge or auxiliary data. Unfortunately, the cost of obtaining these examples is typically high, often requiring a researcher to manually review pairs of records in order to make an informed judgement about whether they are a match. When a pool of ground-truth information is unavailable, researchers can use "active learning" algorithms for linking, which ask the user to provide ground-truth information for select candidate pairs. In this paper, we investigate the value of providing ground-truth examples via active learning for linking performance. We confirm popular intuition that data linking can be dramatically improved with the availability of ground truth examples. But critically, in many real-world applications, only a relatively small number of tactically-selected ground-truth examples are needed to obtain most of the achievable gains. With a modest investment in ground truth, researchers can approximate the performance of a supervised learning algorithm that has access to a large database of ground truth examples using a readily available off-the-shelf tool. Introduction One of the more exciting recent developments in empirical social science research is the increasing availability of large administrative databases and the ability to link across them to agreement with the Oregon Judicial Department. Interested parties may email the Oregon Judicial Department at OJCIN Online (ojcin.online@ojd. state.or.us), or contact Stephanie Guerena via email ([email protected]). Funding: The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. generate new insights. Indeed linked datasets have allowed researchers working in descriptive, predictive, and causal modalities to generate systematic inferences about large numbers of individuals [1–9]. Unfortunately, most administrative datasets are not designed to be linked to others and thus have no common and reliable unique identifiers. Most often, researchers must attempt to link individuals using their demographic characteristics, such as name, date of birth, race, gender, and address. Typically, only a subset of this information is available and the data are subject to missingness, transcription errors and other systematic imperfections [10, 11]. Accordingly, the linking process is often difficult and fraught with error, particularly in domains like criminal justice and social service provision where the manner in which the data are collected makes them especially susceptible to recording errors [12–14]. Machine learning researchers have developed techniques such as self-supervised learning [15] and source free domain adaptation [16] to address the problem of data linking with little to no access to ground truth labels; however, the implementation of these techniques generally requires technical expertise that is uncommon among applied social science researchers who are, nonetheless, interested in linking data without common unique identifiers. An old adage in data analysis and statistical modeling highlights the self-evident but foundational principle that empirical estimates from a model are only as good as the underlying data used to generate them. In the data linking context, as researchers make errors in linking between administrative datasets, the analytic samples used to generate estimates of interest will also contain errors. Unfortunately, the consequences of even modest linking errors can be severe. Random linking errors lead to attenuated estimates of a treatment effect of interest [11]. While attenuation bias may not lead to important qualitative distortions in reasonably large datasets, in the many applications in which statistical power is constrained by the cost or availability of data—including, notably, the vast majority of randomized field experiments— the consequence will be an increase in the probability of a false negative or a Type II error. Given the tendency for underpowered studies to end up in the "desk drawer," Type II errors can have devastating consequences not only for individual research studies but also for entire literatures [17–19]. Recognizing the fundamental importance of data linking to applied research, statisticians and computer scientists have, for many years, worked to develop probabilistic record linkage algorithms which use statistical patterns in identifying characteristics to perform linking tasks [20–22]. This research has established that probabilistic linking algorithms, in which cases are considered to be a match when they exceed some threshold probability of being a true link, outperform the seemingly "conservative" approach of exact matching [11]. Consequently, a great deal of work aims to improve the performance of such algorithms. Indeed, in recent years, approaches to linking have become ever more sophisticated [15, 16]. While, in principle, many of these algorithms do not require prior information on which two records refer to the same person, supervised learning algorithms—the most powerful approach to data linking—require a pool of "ground-truth" data in order to train the algorithm [23]. With a large enough training sample, the algorithm can learn from patterns in the data and deduce which records are likely to match one another in unseen data. Unfortunately, ground truth data is often unavailable and the cost of obtaining ground truth examples can be high, often requiring a researcher to manually review pairs of records to make an informed judgement about match status. Several recently published application examples involving name matching algorithms demonstrate the benefits of data linkage using ground truth labels [21, 24, 25]. Nevertheless, the time-consuming nature of the task makes it prohibitively costly to generate a large volume of ground-truth examples to improve algorithmic performance, if none already exist. Although there are efforts to reduce the cost of ground-truth discovery by crowdsourcing [26], this approach is not applicable to all kinds of datasets and research contexts. An alternative approach to data linking is to use an active learning algorithm. Like supervised learning, the goal is to generate ground truth labels upon which the linking algorithm can be trained. However, the approach is far more surgical. Whereas supervised learning requires that the research team have access to a relatively large ground truth database, active learning algorithms request labels from the researcher for high leverage cases and learn from a much smaller number of ground truth labels [27–29]. These approaches typically work by presenting the human labeler with examples to label, starting with the example whose label would yield the most information. The researcher can label as many or as few examples as they want, using either their own time constraints or the diminished utility of labeling an additional example as a stopping criteria. While this approach is thought to be an improvement over unsupervised linking methods that do not use ground truth at all, the consequences on linking quality have not been rigorously analyzed. In particular, we may be concerned that the number of ground-truth examples needed to maintain linking performance below a particular maximal error rate might grow as a function of the size of the data sets and the relative frequency of mismatches between the data sets involved. Simply put, the concern is that the potential benefits of an active learning approach are necessarily limited by the paucity of ground truth data that active learning algorithms can access. In this paper, we investigate the value of ground-truth examples for linking performance. Using a popular open-source record linkage algorithm, dedupe [30], we explore how the payoff to investing in ground truth labels varies based on linking context, such as the difficulty of the linking task, the size of the training dataset, and the size of the datasets involved in the linking task itself. Specifically, we fix the share of true matches that do not match exactly on name and date of birth at 50 percent (which is likely at the "messier" end of data sets we have observed in the field) and vary the following parameters to explore the responsiveness of the linking error rate to the difficulty of the matching task: the size of data set that was used to train an algorithm and the size of the pool of potential records. Our principle contributions are as follows: 1. We provide a roadmap for applied social science researchers—especially those who are unfamiliar with the technical data science literature on record linking—to perform data linking efficiently when ground truth information is unavailable. 2. We confirm the common sense finding that data linking can be dramatically improved with the availability ground truth examples. But critically, we note that in many applications, only a relatively small number of tactically-selected ground-truth examples are sufficient to obtain most of the achievable gains. 3. We show, that in the context of a common linking task, with a modest investment in obtaining ground truth examples, researchers can quickly surpass the performance of an unsupervised algorithm and, instead, approximate the performance of a sophisticated supervised learning algorithm that has access to a large database of ground truth examples using a simple and readily available off-the-shelf linking tool. Data and methods In the present study, we have ground-truth information on true matches, which allows us to report true error rates in order to assess linking performance. Since there may be certain true matches that will be very difficult for any algorithm to find (e.g. if the identifying information is completely different across records), we also estimate a proxy for the "achievable" error rate via an algorithm that has access to all ground-truth examples. To do so, we employ the Name Match Python package and compare the error rate from Name Match to the rates from dedupe. We establish a performance baseline using a popular unsupervised record linkage tool called fastLink. Data Our study protocol was reviewed by the University of Oregon Institutional Review Board (Protocol Number 09052018.005) and was determined to qualify for exemption as per the Common Rule regulations found at Title 45 CFR 46.101(b)(4). This review determined that no informed consent process was applicable for the current study. Our test linking data is a set of identified administrative records on three million charges filed in Oregon courts between 1990–2012, maintained in the Oregon Judicial Information Network (OJIN). The individual records in the OJIN data contain a number of relevant data points: name, date of birth, race, and gender of the defendant; the date the case was filed, a description of the charge, and a unique identification number that links the same defendants across rows in the data set. Around 77% of the sample is White, while Hispanic and Black individuals each makes up around 10% of the sample. Nearly 80% of the individuals are male, and the average age is around 32.6 years (SD = 11.1 years). We link the data using first name, middle initial, last name, date of birth, race, gender and age. We use the unique identifier as our indicator of ground truth to assess whether the algorithms are able to correctly identify links at the person level. Among the records that we can identify as the same person, because they share a unique identifier, 63.7 percent match exactly on name, 90.7 percent match exactly on date of birth, and 59.7 percent match exactly on both name and date of birth (see S1 Appendix for details about how far off non-exact matches are in the data). We collapse the file to the case level, because there is no variation in a person's identifying information across charges within a case. This leaves us with 1.3 million cases. The linking task The record linkage task we are simulating using these data is a link between a small data set from a research experiment, which we'll call E (one record per person), and a larger administrative data set, D (potentially multiple records per person). Our set up mirrors a common linking task in a number of settings, such as linking the names of youth employment program participants to the list of arrestees to examine the crime-reduction effect of employment, or linking the list of election candidates to the list of corporate directors to study if politically connected business had easier access to loans [31, 32]. We further subdivide E and D into training Et and Dt and evaluation Ee and De portions, since we do not want to evaluate results of a learning algorithm on in-sample data. We also ensure that there is no overlap between the training and evaluation data sets. In the specifications to follow, the size of the training and evaluation sets are the same. Experimental data sets Et and Ee are always set to 1,000 unique individuals. The administrative data sets vary between 5,000, 50,000, and 200,000 records, where Dt and De are the same number of records in each specification. In other words, in every specification, we can think of our objective as attempting to link a person-level experimental data set of 1,000 observations to a case-level data set of either 5,000, 50,000 or 200,000 records. Finally, we hold the distribution of records per person constant at values reasonably similar to the full data set's natural distribution. The distribution of records per person in the administrative data D is as Table 1 shows: We fix the true match rate, meaning the rate of individuals in the experimental data E who have a true match in the administrative data at 50% to facilitate performance evaluation. In other words, 50% of the people in the experimental data set have one or more records in the administrative data set. If our linking algorithm performs perfectly, we would expect to find a link in D for the 500 people from E that have one. Among these true matches, the share of matches where the records in the experimental data E and the administrative data D match exactly on first name, last name and date of birth is approximately 50% for both the training and evaluation sets. Meaning that of the 1,000 individuals in E, 500 have a record in D and 250 of those have a record in D that matches the information in E exactly on first name, last name, and date of birth. This particular type of linking task is becoming increasingly common in the social sciences, particularly as it relates to the proliferation of the "low-cost" randomized controlled trial, in which a data set of participants from an intervention is linked to existing administrative databases to capture outcome data in one or more domains [33]. Running dedupe The dedupe tool can perform linking tasks using either a traditional record linkage framework, which only considers links between the administrative database D and the experimental data E or a de-duplication linkage framework in which the records in the experimental data E are appended to the administrative data set D making one large database with the number of records equal to the sum of the records from E and D. From there, links are identified via deduplication meaning that, unlike the record linkage framework, the process considers links within the administrative database D and also within the experimental data E. To streamline the presentation of results here, we present results for the de-duplication linkage framework, because it tends to have better performance in this context than the traditional record linkage framework. Although the patterns we discuss hold for both kinds of linkage frameworks (see S1 for the traditional record linkage framework results). Evaluating all possible pairs of records as potential links is often too computationally intensive to be feasible in real-world linking tasks. As a result, record linkage processes begin with a blocking step designed to reduce the number of comparisons required during linking by eliminating those that have low likelihood of being true matches. During blocking, records are organized into groups that consist of broadly similar records according to particular criteria. For example, blocking on birth year would mean that only records with the same birth year will be considered as potential links. The goal is to choose blocking criteria to discard as many nonlinks as possible without discarding true links. Once the data is organized into blocks, the linking task proceeds by assessing pairs of records within blocks to find potential links. This restriction of the comparison space can greatly reduce runtime of the linkage task, but often forces the researcher to make an a priori decision about which blocking rules to impose. Dedupe's blocking step is part of the active learning process. The optimal blocking rules are part of what is learned via the active learning process, with dedupe learning blocking rules to maximize the share of true pairs that make it past the blocking step. Accordingly there are no a priori decisions that the user has to make about what defines a block before the linking process begins. This active learning component, which typically requires users to label some number of pairs as either a match, non-match, or unknown, is a critical component of dedupe's linking process. As previously noted, active learning algorithms work by identifying unlabeled potential links that are likely to provide the most information for the training procedure. Dedupe's active learning step starts by creating four different types of queues, in decreasing order of expected gain in predictive information. 1. Type A: Record pairs that are not blocked together, but have high link probabilities (greater than 0.5) 2. Type B: Record pairs that are blocked together, but have low link probabilities (less than 0.5) 3. Type C: Record pairs that are blocked together and have high link probabilities 4. Type D: Record pairs that are not blocked together and have low link probabilities At each step, dedupe presents the human labeler with a sample from the non-empty queue with the highest priority. For example, if there are no record pairs that meet the criteria for the first queue, then a record pair from the second queue is sampled for human labeling. Predicted probabilities are generated from a regularized linear regression model using the instances labeled up to that point as the outcome. The flowchart below documents dedupe's process (Fig 1). We simulate human input by feeding dedupe the labels it requests from ground truth data in order to ensure consistency. By automating the active learning process using ground truth data, we are evaluating dedupe's performance under optimal conditions, in which there are no errors in the labeling process. In other words, we are assessing dedupe's performance under the condition that what it learns from the labeling process is entirely correct. The active learning component of dedupe asks the user to label training pairs until it reaches a minimum of 10 Table 1. Distribution of records per individual in training and evaluation data. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283811.t001 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283811.g001 positive and 10 negative labels. While dedupe does not limit the training process, the website notes that it should be rare to need more than 50 positive and 50 negative cases to train the algorithm on even the most difficult and messy data sets [34]. There are parameters in dedupe that control the set of pairs that are available during the active learning step of the linking process. The "sample size" parameter determines the number of label-eligible record pairs and the "blocked proportion" parameter influences what share of label-eligible record pairs are similar pairs vs. random pairs. We will show that in the context of our linking task, performance was highly sensitive to the choice of the sample-size parameter. In contrast, our results were not sensitive to variations in blocked proportion. As a result, we fixed blocked proportion at the deduplication framework's default value of 0.90. A value of 0.90 means that 90% of all the record pairs that the user could be asked to label are records that were similar enough to appear in the same block at least once. The remaining 10% are random pairs of records that, most likely, look nothing alike. Finally, we also make a minor adjustment to the train function. The "recall" parameter is set to 1 by default, meaning that the algorithm must find blocking rules such that 100% of labeled matches are blocked together. We adjusted the recall parameter to.99, because occasionally there are real world cases where an individual actually has two very different looking records. We run dedupe four times for each specification of our linking task in order to observe any variation in linking performance that may occur due to random sampling performed by the algorithm. The version of dedupe used in this paper is v2.0.6, with minor modifications to allow for automated labeling. Implementation platform We ran dedupe with access to 8 Intel Xeon Platinum 8180 CPUs and 700 gigabytes of RAM. One of the benefits of linking using dedupe is that it can be run on a personal laptop and does not require specialized hardware. While we did not conduct an extensive run-time analysis, the relatively short duration of even the longest dedupe run (an average of 134 minutes for a specification with a budget of 1,000, an administrative dataset size of 200,000, and a sample size setting of 150,000), suggests that dedupe's runtime is a very reasonable investment for the purposes of constructing an analytic data set. Benchmarking using a supervised learning algorithm Since administrative data linking is a noisy task under the best conditions, solely comparing dedupe's performance to the true link rate is a stringent standard. Accordingly, we also conducted a benchmarking exercise so that we had a point of comparison for dedupe's performance that was more indicative of what might be possible for a linking algorithm that had access to all the ground truth information, which is likely the best possible performance under real world conditions. To establish this best-case-scenario benchmark, we used a supervised record linkage algorithm, Name Match, to link each combination of experimental dataset E and administrative dataset D. Name Match was given access to the same data fields dedupe used, plus all of the ground truth information available. We used the Name Match tool's default settings, including the default blocking scheme which considers two records a potential link if their birthdays are within 2 character edits of each other and their names are reasonably similar. Results are based on Name Match version 1.1.0. Benchmarking using an unsupervised learning algorithm To demonstrate the performance gains achievable through modest investment in generating ground truth labels, we also establish a performance baseline using one of the most popular unsupervised record linkage tools, fastLink. This allows us to understand expected linking performance in a circumstance where none of the ground truth information is available. Specifically, we used fastLink to link each combination of experimental dataset E and administrative dataset D. We gave fastLink access to the same seven data fields dedupe and Name Match used, but none of the ground truth information. When using fastLink, we chose a blocking scheme such that two records were considered a potential link if their birth years were within one year (window.block) and their last names were loosely similar (kmeans.block with 2 clusters). This is a reasonable blocking scheme and closely resembles the blocking scheme used in Name Match. Otherwise, all of fastLink's parameters were left to default values. Results are based on fastLink version 0.6.0. Evaluation metrics There are a number of candidate performance metrics we can use to assess the performance of record linking tools. We focus on three evaluation metrics: precision, recall, and total error. Precision and recall are commonly used to evaluate the performance of information retrieval and prediction tasks, because they each focus on a different type of error. In the context of data linkage, high precision indicates fewer false positives. In other words, the algorithm is not linking records that belong to two different individuals. Whereas, recall focuses on false negatives. High recall means that the algorithm is not missing the true links that do, in fact, belong to the same individual. While, ideally, an algorithm has both—high precision and high recall—there is an inherent trade off between the two: fewer false positives typically results in more false negatives, and vice versa. In some cases, the relative costs of false positive and false negative links varies, so it is useful to assess these two measures separately. The total error metric—which is a combination of the false positive rate (FPR) and the false negative rate (FNR)—is also key because the bias introduced by linkage errors is a function of the total linking error [11]. Naturally, to minimize the bias introduced by the linking process, we want to minimize the total error metric. Results Off the shelf performance We begin by assessing dedupe's "off the shelf" performance in the task of linking the experimental data set, E, to administrative data sets, D, of varying sizes. Fig 2 presents the results of this exercise using dedupe's deduplication framework to link E to D. We perform the task with dedupe's default settings: the "sample size" parameter set to 1,500 label-eligible pairs and blocked proportion set to 0.90. We compare dedupe's performance to that of an unsupervised learning algorithm (fastLink) and a supervised learning algorithm (Name Match). In each of the plots, the dashed peach line represents the performance of the unsupervised learning algorithm (fastLink) and the solid black line represents the performance of the supervised learning algorithm (Name Match). In order to generate confidence intervals around algorithm performance, we developed a bootstrapped inference procedure (described in detail in S1 Appendix), the shaded areas on the plots represent the bootstrapped 95% confidence interval. Each of the points represents a separate run of dedupe. (Note that some of the runs had nearly identical performance, such that they are not individually distinguishable in the figure.) The plots in Columns 2 (n = 50,000) & 3 (n = 200,000) of Fig 2 had extraordinarily high total error rates, much higher than the "baseline" performance of the unsupervised learning algorithm and in some cases approaching 100 percent. For example, the best performance for 50,000 admin rows was 33 percent total linking error even after feeding the algorithm 1,000 accurate ground truth labels. The results in Column 3 reveal even larger error rates. Here the best total error rate was 54 percent—for the task of linking an experimental data E of 1,000 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283811.g002 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283811.g003 Table 2. Statistical comparisons of total error rate for "sample size"-adjusted dedupe and default dedupe. The median column compares the performance of the median runs of each algorithm. The worst-case column compares the best run of default dedupe to the worst run of "sample size"-adjusted dedupe. * Indicate significant difference in total error rate between "sample size"-adjusted dedupe and default dedupe. Share significant indicates the percentage of comparisons where "sample size"-adjusted dedupe was a significant improvement over default dedupe. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283811.t002 individuals to an administrative data set D containing 200,000 rows with 1,000 accurate ground truth labels. This is a concerning result given that many administrative data sets that might be targeted for linking tasks are quite large. In order to investigate the reason for such high error rates in Fig 2, we next examine the sensitivity of the results to varying each of dedupe's hyperparameters (i.e., the set of adjustable parameters). "Sample size" implications We found that linking performance using dedupe is highly sensitive to the "sample size" parameter as the size of the administrative data set D increases. In other words, for larger administrative data set sizes, dedupe needs a larger pool of candidate pairs from which it can select pairs to be labeled during the active learning component of the linking process. Fig 3 shows the performance of the linking task for "sample sizes" of 1,500 (default), 15,000, 150,000 and 300,000 candidate pairs. With respect to performance, all of the sample sizes performed similarly with respect to precision (Fig 3, Panel B). While precision performance is not very sensitive to sample size, increasing the number of candidate pairs to which dedupe has access when it is looking for candidates to label has large effects on recall performance (Fig 3, Panel C). As Panel C, Column 3 shows, recall never exceeded 40 percent on average even when we provided accurate labels for 1,000 of the 1,500 candidate pairs. By contrast, for all three specifications, a sample size of 300,000 candidate pairs performed well on both precision and recall and, by extension, total error. The "sample size" induced variation in dedupe's performance is driven by the availability of "high value" candidate pairs that, when labeled, provide the most predictive information for the algorithm. These "high value" candidate record pairs are relatively rare, and therefore increasing the sample size parameter allows dedupe's active learning step access to more "high value" pairs to present for labeling (see S1 Appendix for a detailed analysis of the types of candidate pairs selected for labeling at various sample sizes). We performed a bootstrap inference procedure to test whether adjusting the sample size parameter has a significantly better performance than default dedupe (see S1 Appendix for details). For each bootstrap sample and performance metric, we take the difference between the performance metric values for "sample size"-adjusted dedupe and default dedupe. We perform this process for each linking specification considered, i.e. size of dataset D and the label budget provided to dedupe. Thus, for each linking specification, we have a bootstrap distribution of the difference in performance metrics between adjusted and default dedupe. We consider the performance of "sample size"-adjusted dedupe to be significantly better than default dedupe if the difference in performance is less than zero at the 95th percentile of the empirical distribution for total error. We find that changing dedupe's sample size parameter to 150,000 potential pairs results in significantly better performance than the default version of dedupe in the majority of comparisons. In Table 2) the median column compares the total error rates for the median run of "sample size"-adjusted dedupe and default dedupe. The worst-case column compares the best run of default dedupe to the worst run of sample size adjusted dedupe. The asterisks in the table indicate that the difference in performance between "sample size"-adjusted dedupe and default dedupe is less than zero at the 95th percentile of the empirical distribution of differences in total error rate. The table also presents the percentage of comparisons for which "sample size"-adjusted dedupe was a significant improvement over default dedupe. The benefit to increasing the sample size parameter is most notable when the administrative database D is relatively large. When D has 50,000 rows, we see significant improvements when we adjust the sample size parameter, where the number of labels is 80 or more. In that case adjusting the sample size results in a significantly lower total error rate in 60–100% of possible comparisons depending on the number of labels that are used. The benefits to adjusting dedupe's sample size parameter are even more dramatic when the size of the administrative database D is 200,000 rows. In those tests, the "sample size"-adjusted version of dedupe performed significantly better than default dedupe (with respect to total error) for between 80–100% of possible comparisons. However, there are costs to the speed of the process by substantially increasing sample size. To balance run time costs and performance, we shifted to a sample size of 150,000 for all specifications. Main results Fig 4 presents the performance of our linking task with the larger "sample size." A couple important findings emerge. First, when we look at the plots in Fig 4 we see that many more of the dots are filled in compared to the dots on the plots in Fig 2, indicating that the runs were much more likely to meet the baseline training threshold of 10 positive and 10 negative links during the labeling process when dedupe is given access to a larger pool of candidate links during the labeling process. However, we also see that even conditional on meeting the training criterion of 10 positive and 10 negative labels dedupe's performance improves when we provide more ground truth labels up to a point when it starts to flatten out around 200 labels. We see from the figure that there are diminishing returns to providing ground truth labels after approximately 200 labels. We found that the performance improvement levels off after 200 labels, because after that point there are fewer and fewer "high value" candidate pairs (we https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283811.g004 provide a detailed demonstration of this relationship in the S1 Appendix). This is a key result because it means that in linking contexts when there are no pre-existing ground truth labels available, linking using active learning performs well with reasonable investments in ground truth labels. The performance improvements are largely driven by improvements in recall performance. The result is even more remarkable put in context. Fig 4 shows the performance of the unsupervised learning algorithm, fastLink, as a baseline and the performance of the supervised learning algorithm, Name Match, as a benchmark for the linking performance we might expect under the best case scenario of access to a large amount of ground truth information. For all of the administrative data set sizes we tested, we are able to outperform the popular unsupervised learning algorithm and achieve performance similar to (or better than) a supervised learning algorithm by using dedupe's active learning algorithm and an investment in providing approximately 200 ground truth labels (or fewer in some circumstances). To formally differentiate between the performance of the algorithms, we used the same bootstrap inference procedure (described in detail in S1 Appendix). Table 3 presents the results of these comparisons. In Table 3 the median column compares the total error rates for the median run of "sample size"-adjusted dedupe to fastLink (Panel A) or Name Match (Panel B). The worstcase column compares the best run of fastLink to the worst run of "sample size"-adjusted dedupe (Panel A) or the best run of Name Match to the worst run of "sample size"-adjusted dedupe. The asterisks in the table indicate that the difference in performance between "sample size"-adjusted dedupe and fastLink or Name Match is less than zero at the 95th percentile of Table 3. Statistical comparisons of total error rate between "sample size"-adjusted dedupe with fastLink and Name Match. * Indicate significant difference in total error between the algorithms. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283811.t003 the empirical distribution of differences in total error rate. The table also presents the percentage of comparisons for which "sample size"-adjusted dedupe was a significant improvement over fastLink (Panel A) and for which Name Match was a signficant improvement over "sample size"-adjusted dedupe (Panel B). In these tests, dedupe outperforms fastLink with respect to the total error rate for nearly every type of comparison tested, including all but one instance comparing dedupe's worst performance to fastLink's best performance. Indeed, for this particular linking task, in all but two scenarios (label budget = 20, D = 5, 000 & D = 50, 000), dedupe significantly outperformed fastLink in 100% of possible comparisons. We also tested whether the total error rates for dedupe and Name Match were statistically distinguishable from one another. However, unlike with the previous comparisons, where an analyst will want to be able to statistically distinguish between the performance of each of the comparisons, here, the most salient question is whether dedupe can return total error rates that are not statistically significantly different from those returned by Name Match. For administrative database sizes 5,000 and 50,000, provided dedupe has at least 80 labels, dedupe's performance is indistinguishable from Name Match's performance. When the administrative database is 50,000 rows, Name Match performed significantly better than dedupe only when we compared the worst performing run of dedupe to the best performing run of Name Match and, even then, in less than one-third of the possible comparisons when we provided dedupe with at least 200 labels. For the largest administrative database size we tested (200,000 rows) we see that although the results are not quite as dramatic, dedupe still performs to a level that is statistically indistinguishable from Name Match in more than 40% of possible comparisons when we provide at least 200 labels. This is a very encouraging result. With a few small adjustments to an open source package, researchers who have data linking needs but little specific linkage expertise can leverage active learning and a relatively small investment in providing ground truth labels to achieve remarkable performance even if their data is quite messy. Importantly, we are not suggesting that active learning with a modest number of labels approximates the linking performance we might expect from a supervised linking process in all linking cases. However, in this specific case, we are able to approximate the performance of a supervised learning algorithm with a small number of ground truth labels. While the case we set up is specific, it is also a very common linking task in empirical social science. Discussion In this paper, we investigate the value of ground-truth examples for linking performance. Using a popular open-source record linkage algorithm, dedupe [30], we explore how the payoff to investing in ground truth labels varies based on the context and the difficulty of the linking task, such as the size of the training dataset and the size of the datasets involved in the linking task itself. We show that in many applications, only a relatively small number of tacticallyselected ground-truth examples are sufficient to obtain most of the achievable gains. With a modest investment in ground truth, researchers can approximate the performance of a sophisticated supervised learning algorithm that has access to a large database of ground truth examples using simple and readily available off-the-shelf tools. Furthermore, our results show that making a modest investment in labeling yields significant gains over methods that do not leverage ground truth information at all. Of course, it is important to discuss some of the limitations of our work. First, the number of labels required to maximize achievable performance is likely to grow with the size of the administrative dataset being linked. Our results speak to linking scenarios using databases that have fewer than 200,000 observations. Next, as we show in this paper, linkage performance is related to the difficulty of the matching task. We have explored one particularly common and important type of linking task in this paper, matching individuals when we have access to full name and date of birth information. To the extent other types of linkages are more or less difficult, that would have implications for the number of ground-truth labels needed to obtain maximum achievable performance. To that end, further avenues for research would include exploring other types of linkages: not having access to name and/or dob in full, or non-person linking such as linking location or organization names. Third, we explored how many labels are required to get back to overall levels of performance. However, there may still be differences in performance by subgroups such as by race or gender. Conclusion Most often, social scientists need to link data without access to ground truth or to a collaborator who can implement "state of the field" machine learning linking techniques. Although many applied research projects could benefit from implementing processes like active learning to perform record linkage tasks, there is relatively little practical guidance available. Often applied social science researchers consider record linkage to be a pre-processing step, rather than an early-stage component of their analytic plan. However, as prior work has demonstrated, record linkage errors can increase bias and diminish statistical power [11]. To that end, our paper serves as a guide for how researchers can benefit from the power of record linkage without learning data scientific methods from scratch. An added benefit is that using a publicly available linking tool like dedupe promotes transparency and replicability since the underlying code is freely available, which is particularly important for applied researchers who have little formal training in data scientific methods. Our ultimate goal is to reinforce the point that data linking is an important component of empirical analysis with implications for how social scientists understand their analytic results and to demonstrate that in many cases relatively minor investments in ground truth labeling using an open-source package can reduce the consequences of linking error and improve the validity of empirical social science research. Supporting information S1 Appendix. Technical appendix. (PDF) Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the entities who supported the development of the open-source linking algorithms we use in our analysis: University of Chicago Crime Lab, New York and Arnold Ventures (Name Match) and dedupe.io (dedupe). Author Contributions Sarah Tahamont, Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill, Shi Yan, Aaron Chalfin, Conceptualization: Benjamin Hansen. Data curation: Benjamin Hansen. Formal analysis: Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill. Investigation: Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill. Methodology: Sarah Tahamont, Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill, Aaron Chalfin. Project administration: Sarah Tahamont. Resources: Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill. Software: Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill. Supervision: Sarah Tahamont, Zubin Jelveh. Validation: Sarah Tahamont, Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill. Visualization: Melissa McNeill, Shi Yan. Writing – original draft: Sarah Tahamont, Melissa McNeill, Shi Yan, Aaron Chalfin. Writing – review & editing: Sarah Tahamont, Zubin Jelveh, Melissa McNeill, Shi Yan, Aaron Chalfin. References 1. Donner P. Algorithmic identification of Ph.D. thesis-related publications: A proof-of-concept study. Scientometrics. 2022; 127(10):5863–5877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-022-04480-w 2. Einav L, Levin J. Economics in the age of big data. Science. 2014; 346(6210):1243089. https://doi.org/ 10.1126/science.1243089 PMID: 25378629 3. Smith GJD, Bennett Moses L, Chan J. The challenges of doing criminology in the big data era: Towards a digital and data-driven approach. The British Journal of Criminology. 2017; 57(2):259–274. https://doi. org/10.1093/bjc/azw096 4. Hamp AD, Karn HE, Kwon FY, Rhodes A, Carrier J, Bhattacharjee R, et al. Enhancing the ATra Black Box matching algorithm: Use of all names for deduplication across jurisdictions. Public Health Reports. 2023; 138(1):54–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549211066171 PMID: 35060801 5. Lane J. Building an infrastructure to support the use of government administrative data for program performance and social science research. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2018; 675(1):240–252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716217746652 6. Lynch J. Not even our own facts: Criminology in the era of big data. Criminology. 2018; 56(3):437–454. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12182 7. O'Brien DT, Sampson RJ. Public and private spheres of neighborhood disorder: Assessing pathways to violence using large-scale digital records. Journal of research in Crime and Delinquency. 2015; 52 (4):486–510. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427815577835 8. Finlay K, Mueller-Smith M. Justice-involved individuals in the labor market since the Great Recession. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2021; 695(1):107–122. https:// doi.org/10.1177/00027162211024532 9. Finlay K, Mueller-Smith M, Street B. Myself as the Employer of Last Resort: Criminal Justice Involvement, Self-employment, and Barriers in Recent Public Policy. Working paper. 2021;. 10. Gross M, Mueller-Smith M. Modernizing Person-Level Entity Resolution with Biometrically Linked Records. Working paper; 2020. 11. Tahamont S, Jelveh Z, Chalfin A, Yan S, Hansen B. Dude, Where's My Treatment Effect? Errors in Administrative Data Linking and the Destruction of Statistical Power in Randomized Experiments. Journal of Quantitative Criminology. 2021; 37(3):715–749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-020-09461-x 12. Ferrante A. Developing an offender-based tracking system: The Western Australia INOIS project. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology. 1993; 26(3):232–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 000486589302600305 13. Geerken MR. Rap sheets in criminological research: Considerations and caveats. Journal of Quantitative Criminology. 1994; 10(1):3–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02221006 14. Orchowsky S, Iwama J. Improving state criminal history records: Recidivism of sex offenders released in 2001. Justice Research and Statistics Association; 2009. 15. Liu X, Zhang F, Hou Z, Mian L, Wang Z, Zhang J, et al. Self-supervised learning: Generative or contrastive. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. 2021; 35(1):857–876. 16. Su X, Zhao Y, Bethard S. A Comparison of Strategies for Source-Free Domain Adaptation. In: Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Dublin, Ireland: Association for Computational Linguistics; 2022. p. 8352–8367. Available from: https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.572. 17. Easterbrook PJ, Gopalan R, Berlin J, Matthews DR. Publication bias in clinical research. The Lancet. 1991; 337(8746):867–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)90201-Y PMID: 1672966 18. Andrews I, Kasy M. Identification of and correction for publication bias. The American Economic Review. 2019; 109(8):2766–94. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20180310 19. Brodeur A, Cook N, Heyes A. Methods matter: P-hacking and publication bias in causal analysis in economics. The American Economic Review. 2020; 110(11):3634–60. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer. 20190687 20. Fellegi IP, Sunter AB. A theory for record linkage. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1969; 64(328):1183–1210. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1969.10501049 21. Abramitzky R, Boustan L, Eriksson K, Feigenbaum J, Pe´rez S. Automated Linking of Historical Data. Journal of Economic Literature. 2021; 59(3):865–918. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201599 22. Ren J, Xia F, Chen X, Liu J, Hou M, Shehzad A, et al. Matching Algorithms: Fundamentals, Applications and Challenges. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence. 2021; 5(3):332– 350. https://doi.org/10.1109/TETCI.2021.3067655 23. Jaton F. The Constitution of Algorithms: Ground-Truthing, Programming, Formulating. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press; 2020. 24. Fa¨rber M, Ao L. The Microsoft Academic Knowledge Graph enhanced: Author name disambiguation, publication classification, and embeddings. Quantitative Science Studies. 2022; 3(1):51–98. https://doi. org/10.1162/qss_a_00183 25. Helgertz J, Price J, Wellington J, Thompson KJ, Ruggles S, Fitch CA. A New Strategy for Linking U.S. Historical Censuses: A Case Study for the IPUMS Multigenerational Longitudinal Panel. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History. 2022; 55(1):12–29. https://doi.org/10. 1080/01615440.2021.1985027 PMID: 35846520 26. Ma B, Li C, Jiang L. A novel ground truth inference algorithm based on instance similarity for crowdsourcing learning. Applied Intelligence. 2022; 52(15):17784–17796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489022-03433-3 27. Settles B. Active learning. Synthesis lectures on artificial intelligence and machine learning. 2012; 6 (1):1–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01560-1 28. Bilenko M. Learnable similarity functions and their applications to clustering and record linkage. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AAAI/SIGART Doctoral Consortium; 2004. p. 981–982. 29. Enamorado T. Active Learning for Probabilistic Record Linkage. Available at SSRN 3257638. 2018;. 30. Gregg F, Eder D. Dedupe; 2019. https://github.com/dedupeio/dedupe. 31. Gelber A, Isen A, Kessler JB. The effects of youth employment: Evidence from New York city lotteries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2016; 131(1):423–460. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv034 32. Khwaja AI, Mian A. Do lenders favor politically connected firms? Rent provision in an emerging financial market. The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 2005; 120(4):1371–1411. https://doi.org/10.1162/ 003355305775097524 33. Shankar M. How Low-cost Randomized Controlled Trials Can Drive Effective Social Spending; 2014. Available from: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2014/07/30/how-low-cost-randomizedcontrolled-trials-can-drive-effective-social-spending. 34. Dedupe. Frequently asked questions (FAQ);. Available from: https://dedupe.io/documentation/faq.html.

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Minnesota State University Moorhead TESL 670: Designing ESL Courses A. COURSE DESCRIPTION Credits: 3 Lecture Hours/Week: 3 Lab Hours/Week: *.* OJT Hours/Week: *.* Prerequisites: None Corequisites: None MnTC Goals: None Planning and teaching language classes. Topics include making daily lesson plans, developing course curricula, and structuring programs. Also included are strategies and techniques for teaching the four skills and grammar as well as strategies for managing classroom and administrative tasks. B. COURSE EFFECTIVE DATES: 08/27/2007 - Present C. OUTLINE OF MAJOR CONTENT AREAS 1. Defining the context of a language class 3. Integrating the skills 2. Developing a course syllabus 4. Teaching content-based lessons 6. Teaching multilevel classes 5. Teaching listening 7. Teaching reading 9. Teaching vocabulary 8. Teaching speaking 10. Teaching writing 11. Using technology in the language classroom D. LEARNING OUTCOMES (General) 1. Develop an understanding of programmatic organization options to make recommendations to districts 3. Develop abilities to adopt and adapt texts and other materials to learners 2. Develop techniques for teaching grammar, vocabulary, listening, speaking, reading, and writing, skills integration, and content 4. Develop strategies for managing a multilingual, multicultural classroom E. Minnesota Transfer Curriculum Goal Area(s) and Competencies None F. LEARNER OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT As noted on course syllabus G. SPECIAL INFORMATION None noted Version 3.1.4 Page 1 of 1 05/27/2015 08:52 PM

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Midwest Farmers Cooperative Grain Marketing and Outlook Meetings Tuesday February 5 th Elk Creek Fire hall Noon Tuesday February 12 th Cass County Fairgrounds, Weeping Water Noon Wednesday February 13 th Kimmel Event Center, Syracuse 8 AM Noon Parkers Smokehouse, Ashland Special Guests Kevin Riesberg from RJ O'Brien in Des Moines, IA (12 th and 13 th ) Philip Thiese from FC Stone in Omaha (5 th ) Topics: 2019 Contracting Alternatives, Local operations discussion and updates, Outlook for your Cooperative

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| | Description | | |---|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|---| | 1 | Name of the Student | | | 2 | Class/Sec | | | 3 | Father’s Name | | | 4 | Mother’s Name | | | 5 | Father’s Mobile No. | | | 6 | Mother’s Mobile No. | | | 7 | Residence Telephone No. | | | 8 | Email-id | | | 9 | Residential Address | | |10 | Name of the Contact person in case of emergency | | | | Contact No: | | |11 | Bus Route number and bus stop. (as per school bus route chart) | | |12 | Name of the sibling using the school bus & Name of the Bus Route | | | | Class/Sec: | | Bus User with pick-up □ Bus User without pickup □ **General Instructions for availing School Bus service** - Bus fee will be according to the rates in force and will be amended from time to time by the school. - School bus transport facility will be provided only if vacancy exists. - **Transport fee is payable for all the 12 months divided into four quarters.** In the case of mid-term allotment, bus fee is payable from the allotment month. - Discontinuation of bus facility will not be allowed, except in the case of change of residence or withdrawal from school wherein one calendar months’ notice (in writing) is required. - The bus will only stop at the designated stops allocated by the school. - The parents should be present to receive their wards well before the scheduled time & produce an Identity card as proof of parent/guardian. (In case of Bus service with pick-up) - Parents are requested to arrange pick up facility from the bus stop for their wards (Classes Prep I-II and Std I to V) UNDERTAKING FOR STUDENTS AVAILING BUS SERVICE WITH PICK-UP BY PARENTS ❖ I understand that the school transport facility is not compulsory for any student of the school. I voluntarily opt for the school transport facility for my ward ____________________________ ❖ I undertake that the school transport is merely a facility provided by the school and for any mishappening/ mechanical failure/ mechanical breakdown/ traffic jam/ late or early arrival of the bus; the school will not be held responsible. ❖ I undertake that I have checked the school transport route, which suits me, and I shall drop and pick up my child from the existing scheduled stop. ❖ I understand that my child will be dropped/picked up on time at the bus stop by me or by my designated member personally by producing the school I-card. ❖ I ________________________________________________________ Parent of ______________________________________________________ admitted in class/sec _________________ take responsibility for pick-up and drop of my ward at designated bus stop on time. Name of the Parent: ___________________________ Signature with date: ___________________________ UNDERTAKING FOR STUDENTS AVAILING BUS SERVICE WITHOUT PICK-UP ❖ I understand that the school transport facility is not compulsory for any student of the school. I voluntarily opt for the school transport facility for my ward ____________________________ ❖ I undertake that the school transport is merely a facility provided by the school and for any mishappening / mechanical failure/ mechanical breakdown/ traffic jam/ late or early arrival of the bus; the school will not be held responsible. ❖ I ________________________________________________________ Parent of ______________________________________________________ admitted in class/sec _________________ take responsibility and would like to inform the school to allow my ward to reach home from Bus Stop on his own. Name of the Parent: ___________________________ Signature with date: ___________________________ (NOTE: FILL THE UNDERTAKING WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO YOU)

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Instruction Manual and Parts List KW Products Inc. Copyright © 2003, All Rights Reserved 521 WARRANTY Brake Lathes • Tire Changers • Wheel Balancers KW Products Inc. (KWIK-WAY) provides a limited 521 Warranty on products when purchased in a new and unused condition to be free from defective material or workmanship from date of purchase as per the following: This warranty does not apply to a product that has been purchased in used condition, that has failed due to improper installation, repairs, service or that has sustained damage caused by accident, improper use or shipment. Kwik-Way will repair and/or replace, free of charge (FOB factory) all such defective parts, only when returned to factory with shipping charges prepaid. This warranty does not cover parts and supplies consumed in normal operation of the machine. Kwik-Way disclaims all other warranties, expressed or implied, as to the quality of any goods, including implied warranties of MERCHANTABILITY and FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WHATSOEVER, SHALL KWIKWAY BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON LOST GOODWILL, LOST RESALE PROFITS, WORK STOPPAGE, IMPAIRMENT OF OTHER GOODS OR ARISING OUT OF BREACH OF ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, BREACH OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE, EXCEPT ONLY IN THE CASE OF PERSONAL INJURY WHERE APPLICABLE LAW REQUIRES SUCH LIABILITY. This limited warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. This document contains the complete text of this warranty and may not be modified either orally or in writing. Because of KWIK-WAY's constant program of product improvement, specifications are subject to change without notice. Office Hours: 7:30 to 5:00 Central Time KW Products Inc. 500 57th Street Marion, Iowa 52302 Toll Free 1-800-553-5953 Fax 319-377-9101 www.kwik-way.com [email protected] Receiving Shipment Upon taking delivery of your machine, carefully inspect the assembly before removing the crating and packing materials. If evidence of damage exists, contact the shipper and KW Products Inc. immediately. Although KW Products Inc. is not responsible for damage incurred during transit, you will be provided assistance in preparation and filing of any necessary claims. CAREFULLY READ THIS MANUAL BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO SET-UP OR OPERATE THIS MACHINE. Important Note: Always have your serial number ready when communicating with KW Products Inc. regarding parts or service. Keep this manual in a safe place. Date Received ________________________________________ Serial Number ____________________________________ 800-553-5953 www.kwik-way.com KW Products Inc. 500 57th Street Marion, Iowa 52302 319-377-9421 Fax 319-377-9101 SAFETY FIRST This manual has been prepared for the owner and those responsible for the maintenance of this machine. It's purpose aside from proper maintenance and operations, is to promote safety through the use of accepted practice. READ THE SAFETY AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS THOROUGHLY BEFORE OPERATING THE MACHINE. In order to obtain maximum life and efficiency from your machine, follow all the instructions in the operating manuals carefully. The specifications put forth in this manual were in effect at the time of publication. However, owing to KW Products' policy of continuous improvement, changes to these specifications may be made at any time without obligation. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS 1. Read, understand and follow the safety and operating instructions found in this manual. Know the limitations and hazards associated with operating the machine. 2. Eye Safety: Wear an approved safety face shield, goggles or safety glasses to protect eyes when operating the machine. 3. Grounding the Machine: Machines equipped with three prong grounding plugs are so equipped for your protection against shock hazards and should be plugged directly into a properly grounded three-prong receptacle in accordance with national electrical codes and local codes and ordinances. A grounding adapter may be used. If one is used, the green lead should be securely connected to a suitable electrical ground such as a ground wire system. Do not cut off the grounding prong or use an adapter with the grounding prong removed. 4. Work Area: Keep the floor around the machine clean and free of tools, tooling, stock scrap and other foreign material and oil, grease or coolant to minimize the danger of tripping or slipping. Kwik-Way recommends the use of anti-skid floor strips on the floor area where the operator normally stands and that each machine's work area be marked off. Make certain the work area is well lighted and ventilated. Provide for adequate workspace around the machine. 5. Guards: Keep all machine guards in place at all times when machine is in use. 6. Do Not Overreach: Maintain a balanced stance and keep your body under control at all times. 7. Hand Safety: NEVER wear gloves while operating this machine. 8. Machine Capacity: Do not attempt to use the machine beyond its stated capacity or operations. This type of use will reduce the productive life of the machine and could cause the breakage of parts, which could result in personal injury. 9. Avoid Accidental Starting: Make certain the main switch is in the OFF position before connecting power to the machine. 10. Careless Acts: Give the work you are doing your undivided attention. Looking around, carrying on a conversation and horseplay are careless acts that can result in serious injury. 11. Job Completion: If the operation is complete, the machine should be emptied and the work area cleaned. 12. Disconnect All Power and Air to Machine before performing any service or maintenance. 13. Replacement Parts: Use only Kwik-Way replacement parts and accessories; otherwise, warranty will be null and void. 14. Misuse: Do not use the machine for other than its intended use. If used for other purposes, KW Products Inc. disclaims any real or implied warranty and holds itself harmless for any injury or loss that may result from such use. SPECIFICATIONS Electrical Requirement: 115V-60hz-1 PH or 230V-60hz-1 PH CAUTIONS: Read owners manual thoroughly before attempting to use this equipment. ASSEMBLY, SET-UP AND OPERATION After removing your Power Drive from the carton, check for hidden damage. If any damage is found, contact the shipper immediately. Drive Stand Assembly Study the assembly drawings carefully and familiarize yourself with the component parts and hardware. Attach the three casters using two 5/16-18 x 3/4 bolts, two lock washers, two 5/16-18 nuts, and four flat washers on each. Thread the handle into the collar on the column. With the collar end up, place the column over the peg on the base. Align the holes in the column with the holes in the peg. Install the 5/16-18 x 3 bolts. Secure with lockwashers and nuts provided. With the clamp handle loose, insert the shaft of the motor/drive assembly into the column. Clips are provided in the accessory package that may be used to retain the Kwik-Way tool box to the top of the Power Drive base. Install the clips with 10-32 self-tapping machine screws provided. Install the drive shaft onto the shaft of the drive motor aligning the key-way on the motor shaft with the dog point set screw, then tighten the dog point set screw. Tighten the cup point set screw. Set-up of Hub Driver Install the hub driver over one of the rotor studs, with drive stud up. Attach a lug nut to hold the hub driver onto the rotor. See figure 2. Rotate the rotor by hand 180 . Position the hub driver upside down, allowing the radius of the hub driver to locate correctly with respect to the bearing housing hub. Tighten lug nut to hold hub driver securely to the rotor. Loosen set screw holding drive stud and offset until stud runs on spindle centerline. Retighten set screw. Move the Power Drive into the approximate operating location. Raise or lower the drive assembly until the shaft of the drive motor and the shaft of the drive hub are at the same level. Tighten the locking handle. Insert the shaft of the drive hub into the remaining end of the drive shaft and tighten both set screws in the drive shaft. Operating Instructions Set up the Kwik-Lathe Lathe as per directions in the manual. Set up the Power Drive as per directions in this manual. If Power Feed unit is being used, plug it into the receptacle on the switch side of the drive motor assembly. There are two toggle switches on the drive motor assembly: 1. The upper switch applies power to the motor and to the receptacle. 2. The lower switch controls the direction of rotation as viewed from the shaft end of the motor. a. Switch in up position, motor shaft turns counterclockwise. b. Switch in the down position, motor shaft turns clockwise. CAUTION: Rotor must always turn into cutting edge of the tool bits. Once direction of rotation is determined, turn the Power Drive on, adjust the tool bits to cut the desired amount and engage the power feed. After tool bits clear outside edge of rotor, turn off the Power Feed and Power Drive by turning off (down) the upper switch. CAUTION: Misalignment between shaft and hub must be kept to 3" or less. Special Height Application For applications where low rise vehicle lifts are used, the Kwik-Lathe Power Drive system needs to be modified. This modification changes the working height range to 21"-35". These dimensions include a maximum misalignment of 3", from center of drive hub to shaft. This modification requires the optional upright weldment be installed, and the motor mount weldment be cut to lengths shown below. CAUTION: Misalignment between shaft and hub must be kept to 3" or less. UPRIGHT WELDMENT DEBURR ENDS OF TUBES AFTER CUTTING MOTOR MOUNT WELDMENT Driver and Shaft Assembly POWER DRIVE ASSEMBLY PARTS LISTS POWER DRIVE ASSEMBLY PARTS LISTS POWER DRIVE ASSEMBLY - TOP VIEW WIRING DIAGRAM - 115V WIRING DIAGRAM - 230V KW Products Inc. 500 57th Street, Marion, IA 52302 USA 319-377-9421 319-377-9101 (FAX) 800-553-5953 www.kwik-way.com [email protected]

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MINUTES OF THE STATE PERSONNEL BOARD May 27, 2004 Charleston, West Virginia The State Personnel Board met on May 27, 2004 at 2:00 p.m. to conduct business and to consider other administrative matters. Present at the meeting were Board members Eugene Stump, Chairman, Elizabeth Harter, Sharon Lynch and Reverend Paul J. Gilmer. Others in attendance were: Willard M. Farley, Acting Director of the Division of Personnel; Assistant Directors Tari McClintock Crouse, Tim Basford and Jim Wells; and, Shelly Lowery, Secretary to the Board. APPROVAL OF MINUTES The minutes of the April 15, 2004 meeting had been sent to the members of the Board prior to the meeting. Chairman Stump asked for any additions or corrections. There being none, Ms. Lynch moved the minutes be accepted, Ms. Harter seconded the motion. The April 15, 2004 minutes were approved by unanimous consent. CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS WEST VIRGINIA DEVELOPMENT OFFICE Upon motion of Ms. Harter, seconded by Reverend Gilmer, the State Personnel Board approved proposal #2262, consenting to the addition to the classified service the position of Director in the Office of Coalfield Community Development of the West Virginia Development Office. The date for the addition is to be fixed by agreement as provided in the Administrative Rule, Executive Order No. 7-04 having been issued by Governor Wise on April 19, 2004. Tim Basford, Assistant Director of Classification and Compensation, presented the proposal. DEPARTMENT OF MILITARY AFFAIRS & PUBLIC SAFETY Division of Corrections Upon motion of Ms. Lynch, seconded by Ms. Harter, the State Personnel Board approved proposal #2263, changing the probationary period from six months to twelve months for newly hired Correctional Officers in the Division of Corrections. This action is effective for all Correctional Officers hired to start work for the Division of Corrections on or after July 1, 2004. Tim Basford, Assistant Director of Classification and Compensation, presented the proposal. MONONGALIA COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT Upon motion of Ms. Harter, seconded by Reverend Gilmer, the State Personnel Board approved proposal #2264 as recommended by staff, designating the Right From the Start Program of the Monongalia County Health Department, as the organizational unit for a reduction in force due to lack of funds. Additional information was received from the agency and, as a result, the reduction is to be effective no sooner than the close of business July 31, 2004. Tari McClintock Crouse, Assistant Director of Employee Communications and Information, presented the proposal. WEST VIRGINIA HEALTH CARE AUTHORITY file:///S|/Staff/SHARED/WEBSITE/EMPCOM/Minutes/04/0405.htm[8/31/2015 2:17:29 PM] Upon motion of Reverend Gilmer, seconded by Ms. Harter, the State Personnel Board approved proposal #2265, which revised the exempt, policy-making classification of Director, HIPAA Assessment and Implementation (Project Manager) by: removing the policy-making responsibilities of the position and thus removing the exemption from the classified service; revising the nature of the work of the classification; changing the title of the classification to Assistant HIPAA Chief Privacy Officer; and, allocating the classification to pay grade 20 ($38,244 $70,752). These revisions are effective July 1, 2004. Tim Basford, Assistant Director of Classification and Compensation, presented the proposal. OTHER BUSINESS ANNUAL INCREMENT POLICY (DOP-P5) Upon motion of Ms. Harter, seconded by Reverend Gilmer, the State Personnel Board approved a revision the Annual Increment Policy (DOP-P5). The revisions clarify certain definitions, provide additional examples of calculating payments, and specify that military service while employed is countable tenure. Jim Wells, Assistant Director for Employee Relations presented the policy. to STRATEGIC COMPENSATION POLICY Upon motion of Ms. Lynch, seconded by Ms. Harter, the State Personnel Board approved the Strategic Compensation Policy as a pilot program for a 12 month period beginning July 1, 2004. Ms. Lynch requested that the Director provide a status report to the Board at its regular meeting on December 16, 2004. Tim Basford, Assistant Director of Classification and Compensation, presented the proposal. ADMINISTRATIVE RULE - AMENDMENTS Upon motion of Ms. Harter, seconded by Ms. Lynch, the State Personnel Board approved the request for filing a notice of public hearing and public comment on proposed amendments to the Administrative Rule of the Division of Personnel with the Legislative Rule-Making Review Committee and the Secretary of State's Office in accordance with the provisions of W.V. Code §29A-3-1 et seq. The public hearing is scheduled for July 15, 2004, the Board's regularly scheduled meeting. PRE-EMPLOYMENT REFERENCE AND INQUIRY RULE Upon motion of Ms. Lynch, seconded by Ms. Harter, the State Personnel Board approved the request for filing a notice of public hearing and public comment on the proposed Pre-Employment Reference and Inquiries Rule with the Legislative Rule-Making Review Committee and the Secretary of State's Office in accordance with the provisions of W.V. Code §29A-3-1 et seq. The public hearing is scheduled for July 15, 2004, the Board's regularly scheduled meeting. With no further business, Chairman Stump entertained the motion to adjourn the meeting. Ms. Lynch moved, Ms. Harter seconded the motion. Motion carried. NEXT BOARD MEETING The next state Personnel Board meeting is scheduled for June 17, 2004, at 2:00 p.m. in Building 6, Room B425, State Capitol Complex, Charleston, West Virginia. file:///S|/Staff/SHARED/WEBSITE/EMPCOM/Minutes/04/0405.htm[8/31/2015 2:17:29 PM] Eugene Stump, Chairman State Personnel Board Shelly Lowery, Secretary State Personnel Board file:///S|/Staff/SHARED/WEBSITE/EMPCOM/Minutes/04/0405.htm[8/31/2015 2:17:29 PM]

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FINISHERS CERTIFICATE Congratulations to Diana Fox For your participation in the Olympic Distance | Event | Timing | |--------|------------| | SWIM | 00:49:06 | | BIKE | 01:50:44 | | RUN | 01:16:12 | | Timing | | |--------|----------| | 1.5KM | | | 40KM | | | 10KM | | TOTAL TIME: 03:59:53 OVERALL RANK: 452/461 CATEGORY: 55-59 CATEGORY RANK: 1/1 www.bintantriathlon.com

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ABSTRACT for the 2013 ISA WWAC Symposium Developing In-House Sewage Pumping Station Design Standards: Streamlining Integration of Pump Stations in Niagara Region Mark Presti 1 * and Ed Van Vliet 2 1 Provectus Systems, Inc., 206 Main Street West #2A, Hamilton, Ontario, L8P1J3, Canada (*correspondence: [email protected], Tel: 1-905-537-7956) 2 Water and Wastewater Technical Services, Regional Municipality of Niagara - Public Works, 980 Major Street, Welland, Ontario, L3B 6J2, Canada FORMAT 6-12 page paper plus 30 minute presentation KEYWORDS SCADA, Standards, Architecture, Wastewater ABSTRACT From the early onset of engineering practices there had been the focus to create processes which reduce learning curves, inconsistency and human error. The goal has been and still is the ability to complete tasks in a more consistent, efficient and standardized routine. The Wastewater Collection Process is comprised of several remote Sewage Pumping Stations (SPS) that functionally perform the same task, the collection and pumping of wastewater to a centralized plant for treatment. With the challenges of workforce attrition and financial restraints the undertaking of upgrading aging infrastructure in a standardized fashion can be laborious, resource intensive and result in inconsistent variances from the original intended method unless rigid, detailed standards are put in place. Aside from the physical installation, the methods of control philosophy can also be vulnerable to variation depending on several influential factors such as having no adopted philosophy in place and the development being left to various retained subject matter experts. Based on the need for a standard that contained physical control architecture and a documented process philosophy but still had the opportunity for minor customization, new innovative technologies and uniqueness the 85% SPS Design Standard was developed. This standard was developed through the combined efforts of the Operations, Process, Electrical, SCADA, Maintenance and Engineering groups to ensure that all interests were accounted for. This collaboration of efforts enabled internal ownership, a benchmark of accountability as well as reduced drawing and process control narrative review time, accelerated SCADA design sign off and increased the overall PLC, SCADA, Data Collection and Reporting commissioning phases of Sewage Pump Station control system upgrades. ---- About the Authors: Mark Presti, M. Eng. D., P. Eng. is the President of Provectus Systems, Inc. He has over 15 years of experience in automation ranging from food processing, printing and water & wastewater treatment. Prior to establishing Provectus Systems he was a Sr. Automation consultant with Gray Matter Systems, Inc. and further proceeded by a seven year career with the Niagara Region Water and Wastewater Division. At Niagara he spent seven years as the SCADA Engineer (2 yrs.) then Manager of Technical Trades (5 yrs.). In that time frame he accomplished several milestones some of which included building at team of professionals that allowed the Region to implement state of the art technologies in all of their 12 treatment facilities along with wide area solutions for management and information distribution. He has extensive experience with both SCADA and Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS). Mr. Presti has a diploma in Electronics Engineering Technology from Mohawk College, as well as a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering and Master of Engineering Design from McMaster University. Mr. Presti is also a licensed professional engineer in the province of Ontario, Canada. Contact: [email protected] Ed Van Vliet, C.E.T. is a SCADA Technician with the Water and Wastewater Technical Services section of the Regional Municipality of Niagara Public Work Department (Welland, Ontario, Canada). He has over 15 years of experience in automation in semiconductor testing, steel industry and water & wastewater treatment. Prior to working at the Regional Municipality of Niagara, he worked for Procon Niagara as a SCADA Project Manager where he was contracted to work on many municipal water & wastewater projects throughout Southern Ontario. Contact: [email protected]

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PROCEDURE PPMF | TAFESA | 31 Title Student Complaint Resolution Procedures for Non-academic Matters Contact Officer Table of Contents TAFE SA Procedures are issued under the TAFE SA Policy and Procedure Management Framework. They are binding on all TAFE SA employees. 1 Purpose This procedure sets out the steps to manage Student Complaints and is built on the principles underpinning the Student Complaint Resolution Policy for Non-academic Matters. In order to maintain and further improve its high quality performance, TAFE SA welcomes students' suggestions and feedback regarding its processes. The Student Complaint Resolution Policy and Procedures for Non-academic Matters provides students with the opportunity to easily access a fair, inexpensive, confidential and equitable complaint and appeal process. 2 Outcome Consistency of practice in managing student complaints. TAFE SA is committed to implementing effective and transparent student complaint resolution procedures that, where possible, are managed quickly, at the local level and with a minimum number of people involved. The resolution process will be available to students, staff and others in the community. It focuses on a rapid re-establishment of good working relationships and positive outcomes. The procedures aim to avoid blame and undue investigation. 3 Scope This procedure applies to all students (including prospective, current and existing students) applying for or undertaking study or training in courses delivered by TAFE SA regardless of the location of the campus at which the grievance arose, the student's place of residence or mode of study. This includes domestic and international students and apprentices and trainees under a contract of training. Students may also seek advice from the Training Advocate about their rights and responsibilities 4 Definitions | Confidentiality | The process of ensuring that the privacy of the parties involved in a complaint is protected as much as legally possible, to minimise the grounds for possible defamation action and to facilitate a positive complaint resolution process. | |---|---| | Mediation | A process by which parties in a dispute are brought together with the assistance of a mediator to try to reach a mutually satisfactory solution to a dispute. | | Natural Justice | The duty to act fairly and includes two rules: The fair hearing rule – meaning that all parties must be given the opportunity to present their case and be fully informed about allegations and decisions made and No bias rule – meaning that a decision maker must have no personal interest in the matter. | |---|---| | Non-academic matters | Non-academic matters include those matters which do not relate to student progress, assessment course content or awards in a course and include complaints in relation to personal information that TAFE SA holds in relation to a student. | | Victimisation | The act or acts of treating someone unfairly either because they have made a complaint or because they were the subject of a complaint. It does not include appropriate sanctions imposed following proper and fair processes | 5 Associated Documents 6 Procedure Details Students may elect, according to the nature and seriousness of their complaint, to seek resolution using one or more of the following options: Option 1 – Informal Complaint Resolution Process Option 2 – Formal Complaint Resolution Process Option 3 – Using external agency process (e.g. Equal Opportunity Commission) Procedures for Options 1 and 2 are guided by the following principles: - The privacy of all parties involved in the TAFE SA complaint resolution process will be protected, subject to any legal requirement to disclose information. - At each stage of the process, complainants and/or respondents are entitled to appropriate explanations in writing, if requested, of any decisions or actions taken as part of these procedures as they relate to them. - The focus for resolution will be on issues rather than individuals. - Students and staff are to be protected from victimisation and discrimination. - Natural justice principles will be adhered to in order to ensure procedural fairness. - Strategies that allow students to express a concern rather than a complaint are to be encouraged (e.g. discussions, student forums, evaluation forms). - Resolution of a complaint is to be achieved as quickly as possible, preferably at the local level and involving necessary parties. . - Processes are to be commenced within two weeks of a formal complaint being made. In most cases, resolution should be finalised within a further two weeks. - The complainant has the right to withdraw the complaint at any stage and to choose or alter the process of resolution (i.e. formal or informal). However, some complaints, because of their nature, may require action regardless of any mediated outcome that may be sought. Students and staff have the right to be accompanied or represented by a third person such as a family member, friend, counsellor or professional support person. TAFE SA will not charge students any fees in relation to their accessing the grievance processes outlined in this policy. 6.1 OPTION 1 – Informal Complaint Resolution Process 6.1.1. Informal complaint resolution often proves to be quick and effective by encouraging students to resolve the complaint themselves. Informal resolution may not be appropriate for more serious matters, or where the student wants to proceed directly to a formal or external process. 6.1.2 If the student is willing and able, they can self-manage the matter by: - discussing the complaint directly with the person/s involved, and/or - writing to the person/s involved to inform them of the complaint and desired resolution. 6.1.3 To assist the self-management process, students can seek advice from a TAFE SA Student Services Staff member. 6.1.4 A student either resolves the matter themselves or can leave it unresolved in the informal process. If the student is still aggrieved following engagement of the informal process, they can also decide to use the formal complaint resolution process in which case they will lodge a formal written complaint as described below. 6.2 OPTION 2 – Formal Complaint Resolution Process 6.2.1 From the outset, students may choose a formal complaint resolution process by forwarding a signed, written complaint to the relevant Executive Director. If the complaint relates to the relevant Executive Director, the student should address the complaint to the Chief Executive, TAFE SA. The same process will be followed but the Chief Executive will take the place of the Executive Director in the process. The written complaint must be made within three months of the incident (or unsuccessful resolution using the informal complaint resolution procedures). This is when the official TAFE SA process commences. Throughout the formal complaint resolution process, a student may be accompanied by a support person. This can occur at any stage of the formal complaint resolution procedure, including the appeal. 6.2.2 Formal Complaint Resolution – Step 1. Upon receipt of any complaint, the Executive Director will consider whether the matter may fall within the scope of the Whistleblowers Policy. If so, the Executive Director will ask the student whether they consider themselves a Whistleblower and, if so, the Executive Director will refer the complaint for resolution under that process. If the complaint falls outside the scope of the Whistleblowers Policy, the Executive Director will determine the appropriate TAFE SA staff to take responsibility for the investigation, and may refer the complaint accordingly to a fellow Executive Director within five working days of receiving the complaint. Where the complaint relates to the Executive Director, the complaint will be investigated by persons outside the Division. 6.2.3 The designated Executive Director, TAFE SA will appoint an Investigating Officer to manage the formal complaint resolution process. In the case of formal student complaints in which the complainant states that there has been potential misconduct by a staff member, the complaint will be referred directly to the Director of People and Culture by the Executive Director (or Chief Executive TAFE SA). A confidential file will be opened. A written acknowledgement will be made to the student within a further five working days. Investigations will commence within two weeks of the receipt of the complaint. In most cases, they will be completed within a further two weeks. 6.2.4 A student may withdraw a complaint at any stage. Alternatively the student may choose to have the complaint resolved informally. The police may have been contacted in instances where behaviour may constitute a criminal offence and the formal process may not be terminated. 6.2.5 Some complaints, because of their nature, may require other formal management and action regardless of any mediated outcome that may be sought or achieved. This is particularly so when misconduct by a staff member has occurred. 6.2.6 Students and staff can obtain advice from organisations outside TAFE SA at any time including legal advice, union advice etc. 6.2.7 Options for dealing with complaints formally include having the matter formally mediated and/or investigated. A formal mediation can be requested by invitation from the investigating officer. 6.2.8 When a complaint is formally mediated: - It may be successful in that an agreement is reached between the parties, OR - It may be unsuccessful, in which case the complaint may either be withdrawn or the student may request that the matter be referred for further investigation. This request will be considered by the officer. The student is responsible for initiating further action making a written request to the Investigating Officer within 5 days of an unsuccessful mediation. 6.2.9 When a complaint is formally investigated by an Investigating Officer, that officer will: - Establish the facts by interviewing the relevant parties. - Caution all parties to maintain confidentiality to reduce the possibility of a defamation suit. - Conduct the interviews privately and maintaining confidentiality as far as legally possible. - Where necessary, consult with the Legislation and Delegation unit and/or People and Culture. - Provide a written report making recommendations to the Executive Director who received the original complaint. - Where possible complete the investigation within 6 weeks. - Within 2 weeks of receiving the recommendations, the Executive Director will provide written feedback to the student including information as appropriate. 6.3 Appealing the decision 6.3.1 Appealing the Executive Director's Decision. Following the resolution or completion of the Step 1 of the Formal Complaint Resolution process, the student may appeal against the decision as follows: 6.3.2 A written appeal must be lodged with the Chief Executive, TAFE SA within 4 weeks of the complainant being notified of the decision resulting out of Step 1 of the Formal Complaint Resolution process. 6.3.3 The Chief Executive, TAFE SA will then delegate responsibility for organising an Appeals Committee. This Committee will be comprised of at least three members (one of whom will be a Student Services staff member), will always have an odd number of members and have, as far as possible, a gender balance. The Committee members must not have been involved in the conduct of Step 1 of the Formal Complaint Resolution process or the complaint itself. The Chair of the Committee must be from an business unit other than that of the complainant or from TAFE SA Educational Services. The Appeals committee will be convened within 2 weeks of receiving the request from the student. 6.3.4 The Committee is not a formal court or tribunal, therefore it is not bound by any formal legal rules (aside from the rule of natural justice) and lawyers will not make submissions to the Committee. The Committee will consider appeals in the following manner: A. If no new information is provided with the written appeal, then the Committee will simply review the original decision. This process will require the Committee to review the information presented to the original decision maker to consider whether the decision reached was reasonable in all the circumstances of the complaint. The Committee will, by majority, make a written recommendation to the Chief Executive, TAFE SA as to whether the original decision was reasonable, generally within five days of conducting the review. B. If new information is provided with the written appeal, the Committee may reconsider the complaint. If the Committee decides to reconsider the complaint, all parties will be invited to meet with the Committee or to provide them with further written material. The Committee will, by majority, make a written recommendation as to the outcome of the complaint to the Chief Executive, TAFE SA generally within five working days of conducting the hearing. 6.3.5 The recommendation of the Committee will then be considered by the Chief Executive, TAFE SA and a final decision made. This final decision will not be subject to any further internal TAFE SA review process. The Chief Executive, TAFE SA will ensure that written feedback of the decision is made within a further five working days. 6.3.6 If they are still dissatisfied, the student may choose to approach the South Australian Ombudsman, the Training Advocate or the Training and Skills Commission for assistance to pursue the matter further. 6.3.7 Any endorsed recommendations will be implemented as soon as possible but generally within 30 days. The grievance will then be deemed resolved and closed. 6.4 OPTION 3 – Using External Agency process 6.4.1 A student may approach an external agent such as the Equal Opportunity Commission or the Training Advocate. 6.4.2 The Office of the Training Advocate provides a free and independent mechanism for the resolution of grievance for domestic and overseas students. The Training Advocate can be contacted by phone 1800 006 488 (toll free). Policies and procedures on grievances should include the Training Advocate's full contact details as shown below: 6.4.3 Once a formal complaint has been lodged with an external agent, the TAFE SA process will be suspended. 6.4.4 TAFE SA will cooperate with such processes as required by the situation and where appropriate will commence responding to recommendations within 2 weeks of receiving recommendations from the external agency. Office of the Training Advocate Ground Floor 55 Currie Street (entrance doors at Bus Stop W1 on Currie Street) Adelaide SA 5000 Office hours: Monday to Friday 8:30 – 5:30pm Phone (toll free) 1800 006 488 Email: [email protected] Web: WWW.trainingadvocate.sa.gov.au Post: GPO Box 320 Adelaide SA 5001 7 Authentications and Responsibilities 7.1 Approval of TAFE SA Procedures The Chief Executive, TAFE SA approves TAFE SA Procedures. TAFE SA procedures will be recommended by the TAFE SA Policy Framework Steering Committee and endorsed by TAFE SA Executive prior to approval. 7.2 Review of TAFE SA Procedure This Procedure will be reviewed by the TAFE SA Policy Framework Steering Committee every two years, but may be actioned earlier by the Policy Framework Steering Committee according to feedback received and/or contextual changes. 7.3 Publication This TAFE SA procedure will be made publicly available on the TAFE SA website in an online accessible and printable format, in the section About Us \ Policies and Responsibilities. Amendments will be incorporated within two working days. 8 Appendices 8.1 Informal Complaint Resolution Process Informal Complaint Resolution Process Policy Option 1 Student has a complaint they want resolved informally Attempts to resolve the complaint with the person (s) involved Satisfactory Outcome No Satisfactory Outcome Takes no further action Student writes a formal request for the complaint to be resolved formally Obtains advice from the Student Services Officer on how to resolve the matter themselves Takes no further action 8.2 Internal TAFE SA Formal Complaint Resolution Process (Options 2 and 3) A. Investigating Officer arranges Mediation between the parties using a qualified mediator. Mediation process may take up to 4 weeks Student requests formal resolution of complaint by writing to the Managing Director, TAFE SA, stating the nature and details of complaint, their desire that it be resolved formally and the preferred solution. Student request must be made within 3 months of incident Mediation is unsuccessful Mediation is successful B . Investigating Officer establishes the facts of the complaint by interviewing all the parties STEP 1. The Managing Director, TAFE SA (May refer to another Managing Director within 5 days). Response in writing within a further 5 days from designated Managing Director, TAFE SA. STEP 2 - Student lodges appeal to CE TAFE SA within 2 weeks. Investigating officer makes a finding and recommendations to the Managing Director, TAFE SA normally within 6 weeks of initial complaint being lodged. Complainant seeks further investigation via B (within 5 days) or C or withdraws Within 2 weeks of receiving the recommendations, the Managing Director will provide written feedback to the student including information as appropriate. Matter and file is closed Internal TAFE SA Formal Complaint Resolution Process (Policy Options 2 and 3) Investigating officer discusses options for resolution with complainant by interviewing all parties (this process begins within 2 weeks) Complainant (student) requests: A. Mediation B. Investigation or C. Elects to use an External Agency Appoints an Investigating Officer Investigating Officer opens a confidential file Complainant is satisfied with outcome Appeal heard. Decision made within 5 days Committee recommendations considered by the Chief Executive, TAFE SA who makes final decision. No further internal TAFE SA review process. Chief Executive, TAFE SA will ensure that written feedback of the decision is made to complainant within a further 5 working days. File closed Appeals Chair appointed and file opened. Appeals Committee established within 2 weeks. TAFE SA internal investigation ceases C. (Option 3) Student approaches External Agency Student has a complaint they want resolved formally External Agency investigation Within 30 days of receiving recommendations from the external agency the Chief Executive TAFE SA will provide written feedback to the student and provide information as appropriate. Complainant is NOT satisfied with outcome Complainant is satisfied with outcome File closed Student can lodge appeal to External Agency C – Option 3. Complainant is NOT satisfied with outcome Investigating Officer seeks advice from HR or Legislation and Delegations as relevant If the complaint relates to the potential misconduct by a staff member the complaint needs to be referred to the Director of People and Culture. 8.3 Seniority of Investigation Officers for General TAFE SA Complaints The relevant hierarchy structure in regard to General Complaints is outlined below. External Agency (Such as Equal opportunity Commission or Training Advocate) Chief Executive, TAFE SA (advised through Appeals Committee) | TAFE SA Executive Directors (advised through Investigating Officer) | General TAFE SA Staff (informal complaint resolution through lecturers, student services or other relevant TAFE SA Officers)

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Name PREMIUM SULFATE-FREE* CONDITIONING SHAMPOO No. Description Formulation Procedure Physical Properties Storage/ Stability Instructions for Use External 1111 This formulation is made with all naturally-derived surfactants and provides good foam and conditioning properties. INGREDIENTS: % by Weight Functionality ALPHA-STEP® PC-48 AMPHOSOL® CDB Special STEPAN-MILD® L3 STEPAN® SLL-FB Hydrocoll EN-55 (Arch Chemical) Hydrolyzed Collagen Flax Extract 130 (Natunola) Linium Usitatissium Extract Mackernium 007 (The McINTYRE Group) Polyquaternium-7 Panthenol (50%) (DSM) Panthenol EGMS (Hallstar) Glycol Monostearate Fragrance Dye Kathon CG (Rohm and Haas) Methylchloroisothiazolinone and Methylisothiazolinone Citric Acid (25%) Deionized Water 27.00 Primary Surfactant 15.00 Secondary Surfactant 0.50 Conditioning Agent 0.50 Foam Booster 0.25 Conditioning Agent 0.25 Conditioning Agent 2.84 Conditioning Agent 0.25 Conditioning Agent 0.25 Pearlescent Agent 0.10 Additive q.s. Additive 0.05 q.s. pH Adjuster q.s. to 100.00 Carrier Preservative Total ___________ 100.00 1) In a suitable vessel equipped with heating and agitation capabilities, charge Deionized Water. 2) Begin heating water and add ALPHA-STEP® PC-48, AMPHOSOL® CDB Special, STEPAN-MILD® L3, STEPAN® SLL-FB, and Glycol Distearate using moderate agitation. Continue to heat to 60°C–65°C. Mix for at least 30 minutes until all materials are dissolved. 3) Begin cooling to 40°C and adjust mixing to minimize aeration. At 40°, add Mackernium 007, Hydrocoll EN-55, Flax Extract, and Panthenol with continued mixing. 4) Cool batch to 25°C. Adjust pH with Citric Acid or Sodium Hydroxide, 5) Add Preservative, Dye, and Fragrance as desired. pH as is Viscosity at 25°C Appearnace at 25°C 4 weeks at 25°C 4 weeks at 5°C 4 weeks at 50°C 5.0–5.5 5,500–6,500 cps Pearlized viscous liquid Stable Stable Stable Freeze/Thaw 3 cycles Stable Apply the product on wet hair. Lather, then rinse thoroughly. Mild conditioning shampoo. Can be used daily. Comment Registered Trademarks of Stepan Company For Additional Assistance Marketing Notes: Sulfate-Free* means containing no alcohol sulfate or alcohol ether sulfate per INCI nomenclature. ALPHA-STEP® AMPHOSOL® STEPAN® STEPAN-MILD® For applications or product handling assistance, call our Technical Service Department at 1-800-745-7837 (U.S.) or 011-334-76-505-100 (Europe). For ordering assistance, call our Account Service Department at 1-800-457-7673. Nothing contained herein grants or extends a license, express or implied, in connection with patents, issued or pending, of the manufacturer or others. The information contained herein is based on the manufacturer's own study and the works of others. The manufacturer makes no warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained herein. The manufacturer shall not be liable (regardless of fault) to the vendee's employees, or anyone for any direct, special or consequential damages arising out of or in connection with the accuracy, completeness, adequacy or furnishing of such information. Stepan Company Northfield, Illinois 60093 Telephone (847) 446-7500 Revision Date: Publication Date: 10/22/2009 © 2009, Stepan Company. All rights reserved.

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A MIND IS A TERRIBLE THING TO WASTE ALTON AKINSEGUN / MARCHEL SMILEY SCHOLARSHIP APPLICATION REVISED MARCH 2018 SEIU Local 722 scholarship applications will be made available to members on May 1 st who are in good standings (current dues payer for 1 year prior to application deadline). Completed applications with all supportive documents must be received in the union office no later than July 1 st . There will be no exceptions. The Alton Akinsegun Scholarship will be awarded to union members in good standing: current dues payer for 1 year prior to application deadline; who meets the criteria set forth in this application. The Marchel Smiley Scholarship will be awarded to children under the age of 23 who has a legal guardian (proof may be required) that is a member of SEIU Local 722 in good standing (current dues payer for 1 year prior to application deadline). The child must meet the criteria set forth in this application. PART I 1. Name_________________________________________________________________________ 2. Age _______________ Date of Birth __________________________ 3. Address_______________________________________________________________________ 4. Telephone Number ______________________________________________________________ 5. Parent / Legal Gaurdian Name ____________________________________________________ 6. How are you affiliated with Local 722 _______________________________________________ 7. Name, Address and Phone number of the Admissions Office to the institution of higher education that you will be attending if this scholarship will be granted to you. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. Are you enrolled: [ ] Freshman [ ] Sophomore [ ] Junior [ ] Senior [ ] part-time [ ] full-time 9. What is your major or contemplated major / profession ________________________________ 10. If you are a member of SEIU Local 722 please state which committee you are a part of or which committee you plan to join. PART II If you are a child of an SEIU Local 722 member, please provide an essay (minimum 500 words) on any Labor Relations topic of your choice. If you are a member of SEIU Local 722, you must provide an essay (minimum of 500 words) on a topic that will be beneficial to members of SEIU Local 722. PART III 1. Please explain how furthering your education will help you contribute to the growth and development of the Labor Movement. 2. What advice or words of wisdom/encouragement can you offer the youth of today's society? 3. Submit at least (2) two letters of recommendations from Local 722 members who have direct knowledge of your academic plans. Each recommendation letter must contain: Name, shift, work location and work phone number of the person making the recommendation. PROOF OF ENROLLMENT IS REQUIRED WITH ALL APPLICATIONS !!! ALL APPLICATIONS MUST BE RECEIVED IN UNION OFFICE BY JULY 1 st !!! ***** NO EXCEPTIONS ***** Submit completed applications with all supportive documents to: SEIU Local 722 Attn: Scholarship Committee 1673 Columbia Road Suite #100 N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009 I hereby certify that to the best of my knowledge, the information provided is complete and accurate. I further certify that if my academic plans change, I will notify the President of SEIU Local 722 or a member of the Local 722 Scholarship Committee. Signature _____________________________________________________________________ Date _________________________________________________________________________

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MOTION FOR A PROTRACTED CUSTODY HEARING INSTRUCTION SHEET These instructions are meant to give you general information and not legal advice. A Motion for a Protracted Hearing must be filed if you think you will need more than 2 hours for your case. You should file this motion as soon as possible after you know your case is going to be heard by a judge. If a motion is not filed, the time you have for your case will be limited. HOW DO I KNOW IF THE HEARING BEFORE THE JUDGE WILL TAKE MORE THAN 2 HOURS? Consider how many witnesses you have and estimate how much time each will need to testify. If you are not sure, allow 20 minutes for each person's testimony. Your case may have complex issues that require more time. Examples of complex issues include: a. allegations of domestic violence, physical or sexual abuse or neglect b. the child(ren) at issue has/have medical, mental health or educational problems c. parent/caretaker has mental health problems, substance abuse problems or a criminal history d. agencies such as the Department of Human Services (DHS) have been or are involved e. one party wants to move away from Philadelphia HOW TO REQUEST A PROTRACTED CUSTODY HEARING? A Protracted Custody Hearing may only be requested by filing a written motion with the Court. 1. Fill in the Domestic Relations Information Sheet with as much information as you have. 2. Complete, date and sign the Motion for a Protracted Custody Hearing. (detailed instructions included) 3. The filing fee for a Motion for a Protracted Custody Hearing is $42.68. If you cannot pay the filing fee, you may ask to be excused from paying the fee by filing a Petition to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (IFP). If you receive public assistance or SSI, bring your public assistance photo ID or proof that you receive SSI. 4. File the completed Motion for a Protracted Custody Hearing and the Information Sheet with the filing fee by mailing or hand-delivering them in person to: Clerk of Court 1501 Arch Street – 11 th Floor Philadelphia PA 19102 5. If you file in person, you may pay the filing fee by money order, cash or credit card. If you file by mail, you may pay by money order ONLY. Make the money order payable to "PROTHONOTARY CLERK OF FAMILY COURT." Personal checks will not be accepted. 6. Whether you file the motion by mail or hand-deliver it to the office of the Clerk of Family Court, you must file the original AND six (6) copies. A copy machine is available at the Clerk's office at a cost of $.25 per page. 7. Once the motion is filed, you will receive in the mail a completed "Rule to Show Cause" stating the date on which the Motion for Protracted Hearing has been scheduled before a Judge. You must send this "Rule to Show Cause" and a copy of all the other papers you filed to the other party in the case or their attorney if they are represented. You will need to have a Certificate of Service to show the Judge that you provided notice of the hearing to the other side. WHAT HAPPENS AT THE MOTION HEARING? You must show up at court on the hearing date. Bring the completed Certificate of Service with you to Court. DO NOT BRING YOUR WITNESSES TO COURT ON THIS DATE. Be prepared to tell the judge: a. why you need additional time b. the names and relationship to the child(ren) of the witnesses you wish to have testify c. your reason for calling each witness to testify d. how much additional time you will need e. why you believe there are complex issues, if there are any, in your matter. The judge will decide how much time your case will get. TERMS THAT ARE USED IN THE PETITION: PLAINTIFF Person who filed the custody complaint DEFENDANT Person against whom the custody complaint is filed PETITIONER Person who is filing the Motion for Protracted Custody Hearing RESPONDENT Person against whom the Motion for Protracted Custody Hearing is filed HOW TO FILL IN THE MOTION: HEADING (CAPTION). Fill in the names of the plaintiff and defendant in the heading of the motion exactly as they appear in the initial custody complaint. The plaintiff is the person who filed the custody complaint. The defendant is the person against whom the custody action was filed. The plaintiff and defendant keep those titles throughout the case. The Domestic Relations Number (D.R. No.) is the number assigned your case by the Court. You can find this number in the caption of your Complaint for Custody. LINE 1. If you are filing the Motion for a Protracted Hearing, you are the petitioner. Fill in your name and address as the petitioner. Indicate whether you are the plaintiff or defendant in the custody complaint by circling the appropriate term. LINE 2. The person against whom the petition is filed is the respondent. Fill in the name and address of the respondent. Indicate whether the respondent is the plaintiff or defendant in the custody complaint by circling the appropriate term. LINE 3. Fill in your relationship to the child(ren). List the name and date of birth (DOB) of each child involved in this petition. LINE 4. Fill in the other party's relationship to the child(ren). LINE 5. Stays the same. LINE 6. Fill in the name/names of the witnesses you intend to call, their relationship to the child(ren), you, or the case and the time they need to testify. LINE 7. Stays the same. LINE 8. Check all that apply. SIGN AND DATE THE MOTION FOR PROTRACTED CUSTODY HEARING. SIGN AND DATE THE VERIFICATION THAT THE STATEMENTS ARE TRUE. IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF PHILADELPHIA COUNTY: _____________________________,: PLAINTIFF: FAMILY COURT DIVISION: vs. : CIVIL ACTION: _____________________________,: DEFENDANT : D.R. NO. : MOTION FOR PROTRACTED CUSTODY HEARING 1. Petitioner (name) ___________________________________________________________ isplaintiff or defendant(circle one) in the custody complaint, and resides at (street, city, state, zip) ______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Respondent (name) _________________________________________________________ isplaintiff or defendant(circle one) in the custody complaint, and resides at (street, city, state, zip) _____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Petitioner's relationship to the following minor child(ren) is ___________________________ LIST FULL NAME(S) AND DOB(S) OF CHILD(REN). ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Respondent's relationship to the child(ren) is ________________________________________ 5. Petitioner believes that a PROTRACTED custody hearing is necessary to properly determine the best interests and custody of the child(ren). 6. Petitioner expects to present the following witnesses: NAME RELATIONSHIP TO CHILD TIME NEEDED TO TESTIFY a. b. c. 7. Petitioner anticipates that Respondent will also testify and present witnesses. 8. Other factors which may increase the time needed for a hearing are as follows:(CHECK ALL THAT APPLY): Petitioner, Respondent and/or the child(ren) require an interpreter for __________________________________________________________. (Fill in language, sign language or other) The child(ren) need to be interviewed. The Court has ordered a home investigation which will need to be reviewed. The Court has ordered psychological evaluations which will need to be reviewed. There are allegations of domestic violence, physical abuse or sexual assault The child(ren) at issue has/have medical, mental health or educational problems. There are complex issues to be determined, which include the following: _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Other as follows:_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ WHEREFORE, Petitioner for all the above reasons, requests that this matter be marked as PROTRACTED and scheduled accordingly. Date: _________________ _________________________________ Petitioner I verify that the statements made in this petition are true and correct. I understand that false statements herein are made subject to the penalties of Pa.C.S.A. § 4904 relating to unsworn falsification to authorities. Date:__________________ _________________________________ Petitioner

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MEETING NOTICE ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH Alzheimer's Disease Advisory Committee November 28, 2016 11 a.m. – 1:00 p.m. AUDIO CONFERENCE - Dial-in Information 888-494-4032, Passcode 2631052766 AGENDA I. Welcome and Introductions II. Alzheimer's Disease Illinois State Plan Revisions * (first of two meetings) III. Other ADAC Discussion * Action Needed

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2018 Kansas Statutes 75-105. Recordation of messages to the legislature, proclamations, executive orders; requisitions for extradition and executive warrants; location. (a) The governor shall keep or shall provide by executive order for the keeping of a record of all executive messages to the legislature, proclamations and executive orders which shall be signed by the governor, and the governor shall provide for the recording thereof in a book. (b) The governor shall keep a record of all requisitions for the extradition of fugitives from justice made or received by him or her, and of all executive warrants issued by him or her. The records specified under this subsection (b) shall be located in the office of the pardon attorney. History:L. 1879, ch. 166, § 7; R.S. 1923, 75-105; L. 1975, ch. 429, § 1; April 29.

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Queen of All Saints Cemetery Mausoleum Map Annunciation Garden Mausoleum & Garden Chapel Mausoleum SECTION 9 Locate a Loved One Scan QR Code with your mobile device to access the search tool Mausoleum Buildings Open 8AM to 4:30PM Daily

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Each year the Department is required to make changes to the SNAP, NMW, Education Works and General Assistance Program income limits for participation, income eligibility standards, resource eligibility standards and deductions available to otherwise eligible households. These amounts are determined by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food and Nutrition Services (FNS). The Department received notification of the adjusted amounts on July 28, 2017, and implemented the emergency rule effective for benefit month October 2017. The Department provided the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) website as well as the Department of Human Services website as part of the regulations to reference the change made every October 1. The emergency rule does not permanently amend or repeal the existing rule and will only remain in effective until a permanent rule takes effect under normal rule making process. VI. EFFECTIVE DATE January 16, 2018 VII. PUBLIC HEARING A public hearing to receive testimony on these proposed amendments to implement the emergency rule and make it permanent, pursuant to Section 14-4-5.6 NMSA 1978, will be held on December 29, 2017, at 9:30 a.m. – 10:30 a.m. The hearing will be held at the Income Support Division Conference Room at Pollon Plaza, 2009 S. Pacheco St., Santa Fe, NM 87505. The Conference room is located in room 120 on the lower level. Individuals wishing to testify may contact the Income Support Division, P.O. Box 2348, Santa Fe, NM 87504-2348, or by calling 505-827-7254. If you are a person with a disability and you require this information in an alternative format, or you require a special accommodation to participate in any HSD public hearing, program, or service, please contact the American Disabilities Act Coordinator, at 505-827-6201 or through the New Mexico Relay system, at 711 or toll free at 1-800-659-1779. The Department requests at least a 10-day advance notice to provide requested alternative formats and special accommodations. VIII. ADDRESS Interested persons may address written or recorded comments to: Human Services Department P.O. Box 2348, Pollon Plaza Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504-2348 Interested persons may also address comments via electronic mail to: [email protected] IX. PUBLICATION Publication of these emergency amendments approved on November 28, 2017 by: BRENT BARNEST, SECRETARY HUMAN SERVICES DEPARTMENT This is an amendment to 8.102.500, Sections 5, 8 and 9 effective 1/16/2018. 8.102.500.5 **EFFECTIVE DATE:** July 1, 2001, unless a later date is cited at the end of a section. [8.102.500.5 NMAC - Rp 8.102.500.5 NMAC, 07/01/2001; A/E, 10/01/2017; A, 1/16/2018] 8.102.500.8 **GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:** A. **Need determination process:** Eligibility for NMW, state funded qualified aliens and EWP cash assistance based on need requires a finding that: (1) the benefit group's countable gross monthly income does not exceed the gross income limit for the size of the benefit group; (2) the benefit group's countable net income after all allowable deductions does not equal or exceed the standard of need for the size of the benefit group; (3) the countable resources owned by and available to the benefit group do not exceed the $1,500 liquid and $2,000 non-liquid resource limits; (4) the benefit group is eligible for a cash assistance payment after subtracting from the standard of need the benefit group's countable income, and any payment sanctions or recoupments. B. **Gross income limits:** The total countable gross earned and unearned income of the benefit group cannot exceed eighty-five percent of the federal poverty guidelines for the size of the benefit group. [__________(1)_________] Income eligibility limits are revised and adjusted each year in October and can be found at https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/cost-living-adjustment-cola-information. [__________(2)_________] The gross income limit for the size of the benefit group is as follows: | Number | Description | Amount | |--------|-------------------|---------| | (a) | one person | $842 | | (b) | two persons | $1,135 | | (c) | three persons | $1,428 | | (d) | four persons | $1,721 | | (e) | five persons | $2,015 | | (f) | six persons | $2,308 | | (g) | seven persons | $2,602 | | (h) | eight persons | $2,897 | | (i) | add $295 for each additional person | C. **Eligibility for support services only:** Subject to the availability of state and federal funds, a benefit group that is not receiving cash assistance but has countable gross income that is less than one hundred percent of the federal poverty guidelines applicable to the size of the benefit group may be eligible to receive services. The gross income guidelines for the size of the benefit group [are as follows: | Number | Description | Amount | |--------|-------------------|---------| | (1) | one person | $990 | | (2) | two persons | $1,335 | | (3) | three persons | $1,680 | | (4) | four persons | $2,025 | | (5) | five persons | $2,370 | | (6) | six persons | $2,715 | | (7) | seven persons | $3,061 | | (8) | eight persons | $3,408 | | (9) | add $347 for each additional person | can be found at https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/cost-living-adjustment-cola-information. D. **Standard of need:** (1) The standard of need is based on the number of participants included in the benefit group and allows for a financial standard and basic needs. (2) Basic needs include food, clothing, shelter, utilities, personal requirements and the participant’s share of benefit group supplies. (3) The financial standard includes approximately $91 per month for each participant in the benefit group. (4) The standard of need for the NMW, state funded qualified aliens, and EWP cash assistance benefit group is: | Number | Description | Amount | |--------|-------------------|---------| | (a) | one person | $266 | | (b) | two persons | $357 | | (c) | three persons | $447 | (d) four persons $539 (e) five persons $630 (f) six persons $721 (g) seven persons $812 (h) eight persons $922 (i) add $91 for each additional person. E. Special needs: (1) Special clothing allowance: A special clothing allowance may be issued to assist in preparing a child for school, subject to the availability of state or federal funds and a specific allocation of the available funds for this allowance. (a) For purposes of determining eligibility for the clothing allowance, a child is considered to be of school age if the child is six years of age or older and less than age 19 by the end of August. (b) The clothing allowance shall be allowed for each school-age child who is included in the NMW, TBP, state funded qualified aliens, or EWP cash assistance benefit group, subject to the availability of state or federal funds. (c) The clothing allowance is not allowed in determining eligibility for NMW, TBP, state funded qualified aliens, or EWP cash assistance. (2) Layette: A one-time layette allowance of $25 is allowed upon the birth of a child who is included in the benefit group. The allowance shall be authorized by no later than the end of the month following the month in which the child is born. (3) Special circumstance: Dependent upon the availability of funds and in accordance with the federal act, the HSD secretary, may establish a separate, non-recurring, cash assistance program that may waive certain New Mexico Works Act requirements due to a specific situation. This cash assistance program shall not exceed a four month time period, and is not intended to meet recurrent or ongoing needs. F. Non-inclusion of legal guardian in benefit group: Based on the availability of state and federal funds, the department may limit the eligibility of a benefit group due to the fact that a legal guardian is not included in the benefit group. [8.102.500.8 NMAC - Rp 8.102.500.8 NMAC, 07/01/2001; A, 10/01/2001; A, 10/01/2002; A, 10/01/2003; A/E, 10/01/2004; A/E, 10/01/2005; A, 7/17/2006; A/E, 10/01/2006; A/E, 10/01/2007; A, 11/15/2007; A, 01/01/2008; A/E, 10/01/2008; A, 08/01/2009; A, 08/14/2009; A/E, 10/01/2009; A, 10/30/2009; A, 01/01/2011; A, 01/01/2011; A, 07/29/2011; A/E, 10/01/2011; A/E, 10/01/2012; A/E, 10/01/2013; A/E, 10/01/2014; A, 10/01/2015; A, 10/01/2016; A/E, 10/01/2017; A, 1/16/2018] 8.102.500.9 PROSPECTIVE BUDGETING: A. Eligibility for cash assistance programs shall be determined prospectively. The benefit group must meet all eligibility criteria in the month following the month of disposition. Eligibility and amount of payment shall be determined prospectively for each month in the certification period. B. [Semiannual] Simplified reporting: A benefit group subject to [semiannual] simplified reporting shall be subject to income methodology as specified in Subsection [H] E of 188.8.131.52 NMAC. C. Changes in benefit group composition: A person added to the benefit group shall have eligibility determined prospectively beginning in the month following the month the report is made. D. Anticipating income: In determining the benefit group's eligibility and benefit amount, the income already received and any income the benefit group expects to receive during the certification period shall be used. (1) Income anticipated during the certification period shall be counted only in the month it is expected to be received, unless the income is averaged. (2) Actual income shall be calculated by using the income already received and any other income that can reasonably be anticipated in the calendar month. (3) If the amount of income or date of receipt is uncertain, the portion of the income that is uncertain shall not be counted. (4) In cases where the receipt of income is reasonably certain but the amount may fluctuate, the income shall be averaged. (5) Averaging is used to determine a monthly calculation when there is fluctuating income within the weekly, biweekly, or monthly pay period and to achieve a uniform amount for projecting. E. Income received less frequently than monthly: The amount of monthly gross income that is received less frequently than monthly is determined by dividing the total income by the number of months the income is intended to cover. This includes, but is not limited to, income from sharecropping, farming, and self-employment. It includes contract income as well as income for a tenured teacher who may not actually have a contract. F. **Contract income:** A benefit group that derives its annual income in a period of less than one year shall have that income averaged over a 12-month period, provided that the income is not received on an hourly or piecework basis. G. **Using exact income:** Exact income, rather than averaged income, shall be used if: (1) the benefit group has chosen not to average income; (2) income is from a source terminated in the month of application; (3) employment began in the application month and the income represents only a partial month; (4) income is received more frequently than weekly. H. **Income projection:** Earned income shall be anticipated as described below. (1) Earned income shall be anticipated based on income received when the following criteria are met: (a) the applicant and the caseworker are reasonably certain the income amounts received are indicative of future income and expected to continue during the certification; and (b) the anticipated income is based on income received from any consecutive 30-day period that includes 30 days prior to the date of application through the date of timely disposition of the application. (2) When the applicant and the caseworker determine that the income received is not indicative of future income that will be received during the certification period, a longer period of time may be used if it will provide a more accurate indicator of anticipated income. (3) Provided the applicant and the caseworker are reasonably certain the income amounts are indicative of future income, the anticipated income shall be used for the month of application and the remaining months of the certification period. I. **Unearned Income:** (1) Unearned income shall be anticipated based on income received when the following criteria are met: (a) the applicant and the caseworker are reasonably certain the income amounts received are indicative of future income and expected to continue during the certification; and (b) the anticipated income is based on income received from any consecutive 30-day period that includes 30 days prior to the date of application through the date of timely disposition of the application. (2) When the applicant and the caseworker determine that the income received is not indicative of future income that will be received during the certification period, a longer period of time may be used if it will provide a more accurate indicator of anticipated income. (3) Provided the applicant and the caseworker are reasonably certain the income amounts are indicative of future income, the anticipated income shall be used for the month of application and the remaining months of the certification period. J. **Use of conversion factors:** Whenever a full month's income is anticipated and is received on a weekly or biweekly basis, the income shall be converted to monthly amount as follows: (1) income received on a weekly basis is averaged and multiplied by 4.0; (2) income received on a biweekly basis is averaged and multiplied by 2.0; (3) averaged income shall be rounded to the nearest whole dollar prior to application of the conversion factor; amounts resulting in $.50 or more are rounded up; amounts resulting in $.49 or lower are rounded down. [8.102.500.9 NMAC - Rp 8.102.500.9 NMAC, 07/01/2001; A 02/14/2002; A, 01/01/2004; A, 11/15/2007; A, 04/01/2010; A/E, 10/01/2017; A, 1/16/2018] This is an amendment to 8.106.500, Section 8 effective 1/16/2018. 8.106.500.8 GA - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: A. Limited state funds may result in a suspension or reduction in general assistance benefits without eligibility and need considered. B. Need determination process: Eligibility for the GA program based on need requires a finding that the: (1) countable resources owned by and available to the benefit group do not exceed either the $1,500 liquid or $2,000 non-liquid resource limit; (2) benefit group's countable gross earned and unearned income does not equal or exceed eighty-five percent of the federal poverty guideline for the size of the benefit group; and (3) benefit group's countable net income does not equal or exceed the standard of need for the size of the benefit group. C. GA payment determination: The benefit group’s cash assistance payment is determined after subtracting from the standard of need the benefit group's countable income and any payment sanctions or recoupments. D. Gross income test: The total countable gross earned and unearned income of the benefit group cannot exceed eighty-five percent of the federal poverty guidelines for the size of the benefit group. [ ] Income eligibility limits are revised and adjusted each year in October and can be found at https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/cost-living-adjustment-cola-information. [ ] The gross income limit for the size of the benefit group is as follows: (a) one person $842 (b) two persons $1,135 (c) three persons $1,428 (d) four persons $1,721 (e) five persons $2,015 (f) six persons $2,308 (g) seven persons $2,602 (h) eight persons $2,897 (i) add $295 for each additional person.] E. Standard of need: (1) As published monthly by the department, the standard of need is an amount provided to each GA cash assistance benefit group on a monthly basis and is based on availability of state funds, the number of individuals included in the benefit group, number of cases, number of applications processed and approved, application approval rate, number of case closures, IAR caseload number and expenditures, and number of pending applications. (2) Basic needs include food, clothing, shelter, utilities, personal requirements and an individual benefit group member's share of supplies. (3) Notice: The department shall issue prior public notice identifying any change(s) to the standard of need amounts for the next quarter, as discussed at 8.106.630.11 NMAC. F. Net income test: The total countable earned and unearned income of the benefit group after all allowable deductions cannot equal or exceed the standard of need for the size of the GA benefit group. After the countable net income is determined it is rounded down prior to the comparison of the household's income to the standard of need to determine the household's monthly benefit amount. G. Special clothing allowance for school-age dependent children: A special clothing allowance may be issued to assist in preparing a child for school, subject to the availability of state or federal funds and a specific allocation of the available funds for this allowance. (1) For purposes of determining eligibility for the clothing allowance, a child is considered to be of school age if the child is six years of age or older and less than age 19 by the end of August. (2) The clothing allowance shall be allowed for each school-age child who is included in the GA cash assistance benefit group, subject to the availability of state or federal funds. (3) The clothing allowance is not counted in determining eligibility for GA cash assistance. H. Supplemental issuance: A one-time supplemental issuance may be distributed to recipients of GA for disabled adults based on the sole discretion of the secretary of the human services department and the availability of state funds. (1) The one time supplemental issuance may be no more than the standard GA payment made during the month the GA payment was issued. (2) To be eligible to receive the one time supplement, a GA application must be active and determined eligible no later than the last day of the month in the month the one time supplement is issued. [8.106.500.8 NMAC - N, 07/01/2004; A/E, 10/01/2004; A/E, 10/01/2005; A, 7/17/2006; A/E, 10/01/2006; A/E, 10/01/2007; A, 01/01/2008; A, 06/16/2008; A/E, 10/01/2008; A, 07/01/2009; A/E, 10/01/2009; A, 10/30/2009; A, 12/01/2009; A, 01/01/2011; A, 07/29/2011; A/E, 10/01/2011; A/E, 10/01/2012; A, 07/01/2013; A/E, 10/01/2013; A/E, 10/01/2014; A, 10/01/2015; A, 10/01/2016; A/E, 10/01/2017; A, 1/16/2018] 8.139.500.8 BASIS OF ISSUANCE: A. Income standards: Determination of need in [the food stamp program] SNAP is based on federal guidelines. Participation in the program is limited to households whose income is determined to be a substantial limiting factor in permitting them to obtain a nutritious diet. The net and gross income eligibility standards are based on the federal income poverty levels established in the Community Services Block Grant Act [42 USC 9902(2)]. B. Gross income standards: The gross income eligibility standards for the 48 contiguous states, District of Columbia, Guam and the Virgin islands is one hundred thirty percent of the federal income poverty levels for the 48 states and the District of Columbia. One hundred thirty percent of the annual income poverty guidelines is divided by 12 to determine monthly gross income standards, rounding the results upward as necessary. For households larger than eight, the increment in the federal income poverty guidelines is multiplied by one hundred thirty percent, divided by 12, and the results rounded upward if necessary. C. Net income standards: The net income eligibility standards for the 48 contiguous states, District of Columbia, Guam and the Virgin islands are the federal income poverty levels for the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia. The annual income poverty guidelines are divided by 12 to determine monthly net income eligibility standards, (results rounded upward if necessary). For households larger than eight, the increment in the federal income poverty guidelines is divided by 12, and the results rounded upward if necessary. D. Yearly adjustment: Income eligibility limits are revised each October 1st to reflect the annual adjustment to the federal income poverty guidelines for the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia and can be found at https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/cost-living-adjustment-cola-information. [E.] Issuance table: The issuance table lists applicable income guidelines used to determine SNAP eligibility based on household size. Some amounts are increased to meet the needs of certain categorically eligible households. Some of the net income amounts listed are higher than the income limits for some household sizes. Households not categorically eligible for SNAP benefits must have income below the appropriate gross income limit for household size. | Household Size | Maximum Gross Monthly Income Categorical Eligibility at 165% of Poverty | Maximum Gross Monthly Income At 130% of Poverty | Maximum Net Monthly Income At 100% of Poverty | Maximum SNAP Monthly Allotment | |----------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|-------------------------------| | 1 | $1,634 | $1,287 | $990 | $194 | | 2 | $2,203 | $1,736 | $1,235 | $357 | | 3 | $2,772 | $2,184 | $1,680 | $511 | | 4 | $3,342 | $2,633 | $2,025 | $649 | | 5 | $3,911 | $3,081 | $2,370 | $771 | | 6 | $4,480 | $3,530 | $2,715 | $925 | | 7 | $5,051 | $3,980 | $3,061 | $1,022 | | 8 | $5,623 | $4,430 | $3,408 | $1,169 | | $ Each Additional Member | +$572 | +$451 | +$247 | +$146 | [F.] E. Deductions and standards: (1) Determination: Expense and standard deduction amounts are determined by federal guidelines and may be adjusted each year. Households eligible based on income and resource guidelines, and other relevant eligibility factors, are allowed certain deductions to determine countable income. (2) Yearly adjustment: The expense and standard deductions may change each year. If federal guidelines mandate a change, it is effective each October 1st, and can be found at https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/cost-living-adjustment-cola-information and www.hsd.state.nm.us. (3) Expense deductions and standards table: | Standard Deduction for Household Size of 1 through 3 | $157 | |------------------------------------------------------|------| | Standard Deduction for Household of 4 | $168 | | Standard Deduction for Household Size of 5 | $197 | | Standard Deduction for Household Size of 6 or more | $226 | | Earned-Income-Deduction (EID) | 20% | |-------------------------------|-----| | Dependent Care Deduction | Actual Amount | | Heating/Cooling Standard Utility Allowance (HCSUA) | $325 | | Limited Utility Allowance (LUA) | $125 | | Telephone Standard (TS) | $40 | | Excess Shelter Cost Deduction Limit for Non-Elderly/Non-Disabled Households | $517 | | Homeless Household Shelter Standard | $143 | | Minimum Allotment for Eligible One-and-Two Person Households | $16 | [02/1/95, 10/01/95, 02/29/96, 3/15/97, 01/15/98, 11/15/98, 12/15/99, 01/01/01, 03/01/01; 8.139.500.8 NMAC - Rn, 8 NMAC 3.FSP.501, 05/15/2001; A, 10/01/2001; A, 10/01/2002, A, 09/01/2003; A, 10/01/2003; A/E, 10/01/2004; A/E, 10/01/2005; A/E, 10/01/2006; A/E, 10/01/2007; A/E, 10/01/2008; A/E, 04/01/2009; A/E, 10/01/2009; A, 10/30/2009; A, 04/01/2010; A/E, 10/01/2010; A/E, 10/01/2011; A/E, 10/01/2012; A/E, 10/01/2013; A/E, 10/01/2014; A, 04/16/2015; A, 10/01/2015; A, 10/01/2016; A/E, 10/01/2017; A, 1/16/2018] 8.139.500.10 DETERMINING INCOME: A. Anticipating income: In determining a household's eligibility and SNAP benefit amount [the easeworker] ISD shall use income already received by the household during the certification period and any income the household and [the-easeworker] ISD are reasonably certain shall be received during the remainder of the certification period. (1) If the amount of income or date of receipt is uncertain, that portion of the household's income that is uncertain shall not be counted. (2) If the exact amount of the income is not known, that portion of the income which can be anticipated with reasonable certainty shall be considered income. (3) In cases where the receipt of income is reasonably certain but the monthly amount may fluctuate, a household may choose to average its income. B. Income received during any past 30-day consecutive period that includes 30 days prior to the date of application through the date of timely disposition shall be used as an indicator of the income that is and shall be available to the household during the certification period. (1) Past income is not used as an indicator of income anticipated for the certification period if changes in income have occurred or can be anticipated during the certification period. (2) If income fluctuates to the extent that a single four-week period does not provide an accurate indication of anticipated income, a longer period of past time can be used if it gives a more accurate indication of anticipated fluctuations in income. (3) Income already received is not used and verification is obtained from the income source, if the household and [the-easeworker] ISD decide that income already received by the household is not indicative of income expected to be received in future months. C. Simplified reporting: A household filing an interim report form is subject to the income methodology specified at 8.139.500.9 NMAC. D. Income anticipated during the certification period shall be counted only in the month it is expected to be received, unless the income is averaged. E. Use of conversion factors: Whenever a full month's income is anticipated and is received on a weekly or biweekly basis, the income shall be converted to monthly amount as follows: (1) income received on a weekly basis is averaged and multiplied by four; (2) income received on a biweekly basis is averaged and multiplied by two; (3) averaged income shall be rounded to the nearest whole dollar prior to application of the conversion factor; amounts resulting in $.50 or more are rounded up; amounts resulting in $.49 or lower are rounded down. F. Held wages: (1) Wages withheld at the request of an employee shall be considered income to a household in the month the wages would otherwise have been paid by the employer. (2) Wages withheld by the employer as a general practice, even in violation of the law, shall not be counted as income to a household, unless the household anticipates that it will ask for and receive an advance. (3) If a household anticipates asking for and receiving income from wages that were previously withheld by the employer as a general practice, the income shall be counted to determine eligibility. G. Earned income: Earned income shall be anticipated based on income received when the following criteria are met: (a) the applicant and [the caseworker] ISD are reasonably certain the income amounts received are indicative of future income and expected to continue during the certification period; and (b) the anticipated income is based on income received from any consecutive past 30-day period that includes 30 days prior to the date of application through the date of timely disposition of the application. (2) When the applicant and [the caseworker] ISD determine that the income received is not indicative of future income that will be received during the certification period, a longer period of time may be used if it will provide a more accurate indicator of anticipated income. (3) Provided the applicant and [the caseworker] ISD are reasonably certain the income amounts are indicative of future income, the anticipated income shall be used for the month of application and the remaining months of the certification period. H. Unearned income: (1) Unearned income shall be anticipated based on income received when the following criteria are met: (a) the applicant and [the caseworker] ISD are reasonably certain the income amounts received are indicative of future income and expected to continue during the certification; and (b) the anticipated income is based on income received from any consecutive past 30-day period that includes 30 days prior to the date of application through the date of timely disposition of the application. (2) When the applicant and [the caseworker] ISD determine that the income received is not indicative of future income that will be received during the certification period, a longer period of time may be used if it will provide a more accurate indicator of anticipated income. (3) Provided the applicant and [the caseworker] ISD are reasonably certain the income amounts are indicative of future income, the anticipated income shall be used for the month of application and the remaining months of the certification period. (4) Households receiving state or federal assistance payments, such as Title IV-A, GA, SSI or social security payments on a recurring monthly basis are not considered to have varied monthly income from these sources simply because mailing cycles may cause two payments to be received in one month. I. Income received more frequently than weekly: The amount of monthly gross income paid more frequently than weekly (i.e., daily) is determined by adding all the income received during the past four weeks. The gross income amount is used to anticipate income in the application month and the remainder of the certification period. Conversion factors shall not be applied to this income. J. Income received less frequently than monthly: The amount of monthly gross income paid less frequently than monthly is determined by dividing the total income by the number of months it is intended to cover. [The caseworker] ISD shall carefully explain to the household how the monthly income was computed and what changes might result in a reportable change. Documentation shall be filed in the case record to establish clearly how the anticipated income was computed. K. Use of conversion factors: Whenever a full month's income is anticipated but is received on a weekly or biweekly basis, the income shall be converted to monthly amount as follows: (1) income received on a weekly basis is averaged and multiplied by four; (2) income received on a biweekly basis is averaged and multiplied by two; (3) averaged income shall be rounded to the nearest whole dollar prior to application of the conversion factor; amounts resulting in $.50 or more are rounded up; amounts resulting in $.49 or lower are rounded down. L. Known changes in income for future months at application: (1) At application or recertification, it shall be determined if any factors affecting income will change in future months. Such factors include a new income source, termination of income, or increases or decreases in income. (2) Income is considered only when the amount of the income and the date it will be received are reasonably certain. (3) In the event that a change is known for future months, benefits are computed by taking into account the change in income. M. Averaging income over the certification period: (1) All households may choose to have their income averaged. Income is usually not averaged for destitute households because averaging would result in assigning to the month of application income from future periods which is not available for its current food needs. (2) To average income, [the caseworker] LSD uses a household's anticipation of income fluctuations over the certification period. The number of months used to arrive at the average income need not be the same as the number of months in the certification period. (3) **Contract income:** Households which, by contract, derive their annual income in a period of less than one year shall have that income averaged over a 12-month period, provided that the income is not received on an hourly or piecework basis. (a) Contract income includes income for school employees, farmers, self-employed households, and individuals who receive annual payments from the sale of real estate. (b) These procedures do not include migrant or seasonal farm worker households. (4) **Educational monies:** Households receiving scholarships, deferred educational loans, or other educational grants shall have such income, after exclusions, averaged over the period for which it is provided. All months which the income is intended to cover shall be used to average income, even if the income is received during the certification period. If the period has elapsed completely, the educational monies shall not be considered income. N. **Using exact income:** Exact income, rather than averaged income, shall be used if: (1) the household has chosen not to average income; (2) income is from a source terminated in the application month; (3) employment has just begun in the application month and the income represents only a partial month; (4) in the month of application, the household qualifies for expedited service or is considered a destitute, migrant or seasonal farm worker household; or (5) income is received more frequently than weekly, (i.e., daily). [02/01/95, 11/01/95, 07/01/97, 06/01/99; 8.139.500.10 NMAC - Rn, 8 NMAC 3.FSP.502.7, 05/15/2001; A, 02/14/2002; A, 01/01/2004; A, 08/30/2007; A, 04/01/2010; A, 09/01/2017; A/E, 10/01/2017; A, 1/16/2018] This is an amendment to 8.139.510 NMAC, Sections 5 and 8, effective 1/16/2018. 8.139.510.5 **EFFECTIVE DATE:** February 1, 1995, unless a later date is cited at the end of a section. [02/01/95; 8.139.510.5 NMAC - Rn, 8 NMAC 3.FSP.000.5, 05/15/2001; A/E, 10/01/2017; A, 1/16/2018] 8.139.510.8 **RESOURCE ELIGIBILITY STANDARDS:** A. [The maximum allowable resources, including both liquid and non-liquid assets, of all members of a household cannot exceed:] The maximum allowable resources for a household, including both liquid and non-liquid assets are revised and adjusted each year in October and can be found at https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/cost-living-adjustment-cola-information. (1) $2,250; or (2) $3,250 for households consisting of or including a member who is elderly or disabled as defined at Paragraph (28) of Subsection A of 184.108.40.206 NMAC.] B. The value of a nonexempt resource is its equity value. Equity value is the fair market value less encumbrances. The value of stocks and bonds, such as U.S. savings bonds, is their cash value, not their face value. C. It is a household's responsibility to report all resources held at the time of application and any anticipated to be received, or that are later received during the certification period, that might place the household's resources above the maximum allowed. D. **Categorically eligible households:** Households that are categorically eligible do not need to meet the resource limits or provisions of this section. E. **Sponsored aliens:** For households containing sponsored aliens, a prorated amount of the countable resources of an alien's sponsor and sponsor's spouse (if living with the sponsor) are deemed to be those of the sponsored alien, in accordance with sponsored alien provisions in 8.139.420.9 NMAC. F. **Non-household members:** The resources of non-household members, defined in 8.139.400.10 NMAC shall not be considered available to the household. G. **Resources of ineligible or disqualified household members:** The resources of ineligible or disqualified household members shall be counted as available to the household in their entirety. If a resource exclusion applies to a household member, the exclusion shall also apply to the resources of an ineligible or disqualified person whose resources are counted as available to the household. [02/01/95, 07/01/97, 07/01/98, 06/01/99; 8.139.510.8 NMAC - Rn, 8 NMAC 3.FSP.510, 05/15/2001; A, 02/01/2002; A, 10/01/2002; A, 04/01/2010; A/E, 03/01/2015; A/E, 10/01/2017; A, 1/16/2018]

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BACHELOR OF MUSIC Performance, Piano FIRST YEAR SECOND YEAR Music of the World's Peoples (Diversity) (3) Supportive courses Major area General Studies Conservatory of Music THIRD YEAR FOURTH YEAR Total degree units: 120 Fall 2021 This document is intended as a guide for prospective students. Pacific's Course Catalog is the official source for curricular information. DIRECTOR OF CONSERVATORY ADMISSIONS Jessica Siena [email protected] | 209.946.2418 Electives

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What road to ? Understanding your credit score. How Can You Improve Your Score? þ þ Pay off or pay down your credit cards þ þ Do not close credit cards as it may decrease your capacity. The exception to this is when you have had a bad experience with the credit card company and you want to prevent future issues. What Makes Up Your Credit Score? Turn your score around faster than you ever thought. þ þ Move your revolving debt into installment debt Approximate Credit Weight for Each Year: þ þ Continue to make payments on time (older late pays will become less significant with time) þ þ Slow down on opening new accounts þ þ Acquire a solid credit history with years of experience THINK FIRST. | 732.312.1500 | FIRSTFFCU.COM What Actions Will Hurt Your Score? ýý Missing payments ý (i.e. maxing out credit cards) ý Credit cards at capacity ý ý Shopping for credit excessively ýý Opening up numerous loans and credit cards in a short time frame ý in relation to installment debt ý Having more revolving debt ý (this could lower available capacity) ý Closing credit cards out ý finance companies ý Borrowing from

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Organizational Behaviour Stephen Robbins Chapter 1 Organizational Behavior (Hardcover) Published January 1st 2010 by Prentice Hall. 14th Edition, Hardcover, 686 pages. Author (s): Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. ISBN: 0136124011 (ISBN13: 9780136124016) Edition language: Editions of Organizational Behavior by Stephen P. Robbins The Seventeenth Edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect the most recent research and business events within the field of organizational behavior worldwide, while maintaining its hallmark features–clear writing style, cutting-edge content, and intuitive pedagogy. There's a reason why Robbins's textbooks have educated millions of students and have been translated into twenty languages–and it's because of a commitment that provides the kind of engaging, cutting-edge material ... Robbins & Judge, Organizational Behavior, 17th Edition ... Organizational Behavior 17th Edition by Stephen P. Robbins – Test Bank Sample Test Organizational Behavior, 17e (Robbins) Chapter 3 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 1) _____ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events. A) Attitude; B) Behavior; C) Appearance; D) Demeanor; E) Performance; Answer: A Organizational Behavior 17th Edition by Stephen P. Robbins ... The Seventeenth Edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect the most recent research and business events within the field of organizational behavior worldwide, while maintaining its hallmark features—clear writing style, cutting-edge content, and intuitive pedagogy. There's a reason why Robbins's textbooks have educated millions of students and have been translated into twenty languages—and it's because of a commitment that provides the kind of engaging, cutting-edge material ... PDF 2017 - Pearson - ISBN-10: 1292146303 - Organizational ... Description. For undergraduate and graduate courses in Organizational Behavior. Captivate the class with a clear writing style, cutting-edge content, and compelling pedagogy. Robbins/Judge provides the research you want, in the language your students understand. This text continues its tradition of making current, relevant research come alive for students. Robbins & Judge, Organizational Behavior | Pearson Organizational Behavior Fifteenth Edition by: Stephen Robbins and Timothy Judge--great for learning/self testing, live matching game. Organizational Behavior. Organizational Behavior Stephen P Robbins Flashcards and ... Organizational Behavior Paperback – 19 December 2016 by Stephen P. Robbins (Author), Timothy A. Judge (Author), Neharika Vohra (Author) & 0 More 4.4 out of 5 stars 328 ratings Page 2/3 Copyright : businessinsavannah.com Download Free Organizational Behaviour By Stephen Robbins 13th Edition Dr. Judge is a co-author of Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 14th ed., with Stephen P. Robbins, and Staffing Organizations, 8th ed., with Herbert G. Heneman III. He is married and has three children–a daughter who is a health care social worker, a daughter who is studying for a master's degree, and a son in middle school. Organizational Behavior / Edition 13 by Stephen P. Robbins ... Organizational Behaviour Robbins, Judge & Campbell First European edition. This classic textbook has provided many generations of students with an exceptional introduction to organizational behaviour, written by the masters of the subject. Organizational Behaviour: Amazon.co.uk: Robbins, Stephen P ... Organizational Behaviour 2nd Edition by Stephen P. Robbins; Timothy Judge; Timothy Campbell and Publisher Pearson (Intl). Save up to 80% by choosing the eTextbook option for ISBN: 9781292016573, 1292016574. The print version of this textbook is ISBN: 9781292016559, 1292016558. Organizational Behaviour 2nd edition | 9781292016559 ... Organizational Behavior. Stephen P. Robbins, Tim Judge. Pearson Prentice Hall, Jan 1, 2009 - Organizational behavior - 716 pages. 1 Review. Robbins/Judge provide the research you want in the... Organizational Behavior - Stephen P. Robbins, Tim Judge ... Organizational Behaviour Stephen Robbins Chapter 3 1. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR S T E P H E N P. R O B B I N SS T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S E L E V E N T H E D I T I O NE L E V E N T H E D I T I O N W W W . P R E N H A L L . C O M / R O B B I N SW W W . Organizational Behaviour Stephen Robbins Chapter 3 Based off of Organizational Behaviour: Concepts, Controversies, Applications by Nancy Langton, Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge - Sixth Canadian Edition Terms in this set (17) organizational behaviour Copyright code : bd428ccbe95ac9aa7ea78f27e4af5cf9 Page 3/3

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Standing, Reef Fish, Mackerel, Shrimp, and Socioeconomic SSC Meeting Summary Tampa, Florida March 13-14, 2019 The meeting of the Standing, Reef Fish, Mackerel, Shrimp, and Socioeconomic Scientific and Statistical Committees (SSC) was convened at 8:30 a.m. on March 13, 2019. The agenda was approved after moving item VII ahead of Item VIII. The minutes from the January 9, 2019 SSC webinar were approved as written. Dr. Luiz Barbieri agreed to serve as the SSC representative at the April 1-4, 2019 Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) Fishery Management Council (Council) meeting in Biloxi, Mississippi. Review of SSC Operating Procedures At its October 2018 meeting, the SSC was presented with concerns identified in its operational procedures and potential solutions to those concerns. Dr. Joe Powers developed a white paper addressing the October 2018 presentation. A broader approach to addressing those concerns was offered, as was the continued development of the scope of work generated prior to each SSC meeting. Avoiding the practice of drafting motions "in the moment" was also suggested. To better organize the discussion of agenda items, the use of Discussion Leaders (DL) was recommended. These DL would be assigned by the SSC Chair, based on their willingness to lead discussion of a particular agenda item, and could query other SSC members and staff prior to the SSC meeting to develop appropriate materials to contribute to the deliberation of the subject agenda item. Any Standing or Special SSC member could serve as a DL. Further, the DL for an agenda item could also assist Council staff in drafting summary report components. SSC members generally viewed the DL approach as favorable, but noted that increased time to review materials pertinent to an agenda item would be essential to the success of this approach. Some concern was expressed about discussions held between the DL and other SSC members or staff outside of the publicly noticed SSC meeting; however, since the ultimate recommendation(s) to the Council is generated at the meeting by motion by the SSC as a whole, the public nature and transparency of the decision-making process would remain unchanged. Also, motions proposed by the discussion leader would have no more weight than any other motion and would be considered by the SSC as a whole. The SSC discussed the role of the DL with respect to reviewing stock assessments at length. It was generally agreed that an SSC member who was involved with the subject stock assessment, and preferably an SSC member who served on the assessment's Review Panel, should serve as the DL for that assessment. Recognizing that this new DL approach would likely require some fine-tuning, SSC members agreed to implement the approach to determine where improvements or modifications could be made and make adjustments as warranted over the next several meetings. Review of SEDAR Stock Assessment Executive Summary Components Council and Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) staff reviewed an initial draft proposal for the development of an executive summary report for Southeast Data, Assessment, and Review (SEDAR) stock assessments. This first draft was inclusive of many items which Council and Southeast Regional Office staff require for the development of amendments to fishery management plans and for fielding concerns posed by the public. SEFSC staff added that aspects of the assessment could change during an SSC review, which occurs after the stock assessment report is finalized. A standalone document like the proposed executive summary could serve to provide the most up-to-date information about the stock assessment in concise manner that is accessible to various stakeholders. SSC members generally liked the idea of an executive summary, but cautioned against including too much information, especially justifications for decisions made during the assessment. The use of hyperlinks to parts of the assessment containing the pertinent justification for the decision made was thought to be an appropriate alternative to consider. SSC members supported development of a standardized format to make creating the executive summary easier, along with making it easier for the public to navigate. SEFSC staff acknowledged some funds for creating an automated method for harvesting the data for the executive summary from the stock assessment report and said this method could be explored. SEFSC and Council staff agreed to work together to create the executive summary, recognizing that it would be an iterative process which would require a few attempts to develop into a final product. An example will be presented to the SSC at a future meeting. Once finalized, executive summaries will be posted to the SEDAR website under the appropriate stock assessment page. Updated Gray Snapper Projections at F26%SPR Dr. Shannon Cass-Calay from the SEFSC presented updated projections for gray snapper using three different values for the fishing mortality at maximum sustainable yield (FMSY) proxies (F26%SPR, F30%SPR, and F40%SPR), along with changing the minimum stock size threshold (MSST) from 1-M*BMSY to 0.5*BMSY. Dr. Cass-Calay also presented associated acceptable biological catch (ABC) and overfishing limit (OFL) values, calculated with 2016 and 2017 landings data and assuming the ACL in lieu of landings for 2018, for each FMSY proxy option. The SSC found the presented analyses to be statistically sound and appropriate. Substitute Motion: The SSC moves that the Gulf Gray Snapper OFL and ABC yield streams presented by the SEFSC for F26%SPR, F30%SPR, and F40%SPR were computed with the same statistically appropriate methods. The OFL yield stream for a given SPR proxy represents 50% of the retained catch PDF for that proxy. The ABC yield stream for a given SPR proxy represents a P* of 0.4 applied to the retained catch PDF for that proxy. This P* resulted from the application of the Gulf Council's ABC Control Rule. F26%SPR F30%SPR F40%SPR Substitute Motion carried unanimously. SSC members had extensive discussion about how to proceed with a recommendation for the FMSY proxy. The SEFSC stated that an SPR ranging between 24% and 40% was considered appropriate for gray snapper. Both the SSC and SEFSC also acknowledged that numerous uncertainties (i.e. fleet behavior, discards, etc.) existed in the stock assessment and these uncertainties should be accounted for when recommending a proxy value for FMSY. Specifically, the discussion focused on selecting either an FMSY proxy of F26%SPR (used for red snapper) or F30%SPR (the SSC's previous recommendation). Citing the SSC's previous discussion on a recommendation of an FMSY proxy for gray snapper, recent published scientific literature, and uncertainty in the SEDAR 51 gray snapper stock assessment, the SSC continues to recommend F30%SPR as a proxy for FMSY. Substitute Motion: While the SSC acknowledges that 26% SPR is scientifically acceptable as a proxy for MSY, the SSC still prefers the earlier recommendation of 30% SPR, because of the uncertainty in the assessment, so we prefer to go forward with this more risk averse measure. Substitute Motion carried 12-9 with 2 abstentions. Review of FMP Objectives Council staff presented the most recent Fishery Management Plan (FMP) objectives for six fisheries (Reef Fish, Coastal Migratory Pelagics (CMP), Shrimp, Spiny Lobster, Corals and Coral Reefs, and Red Drum), and noted that the Council had reviewed and updated the Reef Fish FMP objectives at the October 2018 and January 2019 Council meetings. The Committee made comments and suggestions as noted below, noting that these lists contain a mix of fundamental principles and means of accomplishing objectives. Reef Fish FMP Objectives o Rephrase Objective #2 (To achieve robust fishery reporting and data collection systems across all sectors for monitoring the reef fish fishery which minimizes management uncertainty.) to "minimizes scientific management and risk uncertainty". CMP FMP Objectives o Objective #1 (The primary objective of this FMP is to stabilize yield at the maximum sustainable yield (MSY), allow recovery of overfished populations, and maintain population levels sufficient to ensure adequate recruitment.) may conflict with Objective #8 (To optimize the social and economic benefits of the coastal migratory pelagic fishery.). o Could Objective #1 be phrased similarly to Objective #6 of the Reef Fish FMP (To manage Gulf stocks at OY as defined in MSA)? o Should cobia be added to Objective #7 (To provide appropriate management to address specific migratory groups of king mackerel.)? Shrimp FMP Objectives o Objective #6 (Minimize conflict between shrimp and stone crab fishermen.) and Objective #7 (Minimize adverse effects of obstructions to shrimp trawling.) may no longer be pertinent. o Objective #7 may conflict with priorities on reef construction by some states. Coral FMP Objectives o Should deep-water oil and gas infrastructures, particularly their removal, be addressed? Red Drum FMP Objectives o Objective #1 (Cooperatively with the states provide at least a 30 percent level of escapement of juvenile red drum to the offshore spawning stock, and control offshore fishing mortality to assure optimum recruitment and enhancement of the inshore and offshore populations.) needs to better define 'juveniles' in terms of age. Also, each state may measure escapement differently, making escapement rates incomparable. o Is Objective #2 (Establish, implement, and maintain research and data gathering programs to ensure that appropriate data will be available to formulate management measures and monitor the condition of the stock.) still applicable or needed? o Can Objective #4 (Maximize the economic and social benefits of the resource to the nation.) be phrased similarly across the FMP objectives for all fisheries? Review of Gulf Sector Allocations Staff reviewed a short briefing paper that provides the existing allocations in the Gulf. These include sector allocations, within sector allocations, and jurisdictional apportionments between the Gulf and South Atlantic Councils. This was for informational purposes only, and no recommendations were made. Council staff reviewed the Generic Annual Catch Limit (ACL) Carryover Amendment, outlining the functionality of the provision with respect to the Acceptable Biological Catch (ABC) Control Rule and the October 2016 update to the National Standard 1 Guidelines. SSC members asked questions about the general function and purpose of the various rules which underpin the provision and requested that Table 1.1.1 in the document explicitly show which ACLs were exceeded in 2017. SSC members recalled the two simulations provided at past meetings by the SEFSC which demonstrated that an ACL underage could be carried over, pound for pound, to the following fishing year, without any negative effect on the stock. This is because the foregone yield will be assumed to have increased in size and possibly reproduced (depending on species and fleet selectivity); therefore, even the carryover may be more conservative than necessary, as it does not also include any additional production by the previously foregone yield. SSC members asked whether overages and payback provisions had been considered in the carryover provision. Noting that they had not, SSC members questioned the effect of an overage, and subsequent payback provision, on a stock which in a different year had the carryover provision applied. The SSC's interest in this scenario was whether the combined effects of overages, with underages negated by a carryover provision, would have an adverse effect on a stock, particularly one with a rebuilding plan. The payback provision currently used by the Council is a 1:1 payback of the overharvest in the previous fishing year from the following fishing year. This payback provision, in the inverse of the carryover provision, may not be conservative enough, as it does not directly address the future foregone contributions to recruitment by the fish removed through excessive harvest. Thus, the SSC made the following motion with respect to the previously reviewed simulations of carryover on red snapper and Gulf migratory group king mackerel: Motion: The SSC moves that the Council request that the SEFSC include periodic underages and overages of the ACL in the simulations for carryover. Motion carried unanimously. SSC members asked how uncertainty was addressed in the carryover provision. Council staff demonstrated the use of the Council's ACL/Annual Catch Target (ACT) Control Rule to the SSC, which operates in a similar way to the ABC Control Rule to create a measured buffer between the ABC and the ACL and between the ACL and the ACT, if applicable. Council staff added that Action 2 in the Generic ACL Carryover Amendment further constrained the amount of pounds which could be carried over to account for management uncertainty, in addition to the management uncertainty already acknowledged in the ACL/ACT Control Rule. Update on NOAA RESTORE Activities Dr. David Chagaris presented the results of several National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Revived Economies (RESTORE) projects for ecosystem modeling and its potential to inform fishery management. Specifically, the presentation highlighted studies quantifying the detrimental effects of broad disturbance events (e.g., red tide, oil spills, invasive lionfish) on fish population abundance along with other confounding effects on population dynamics such as inter- and intraspecies competition, habitat selection, and predator-prey mechanisms. The SSC acknowledged the progress made in the development of these multi-species models, but advised that rigorous peer-review and increased utility for updating new data inputs would be required before ecosystem-based models could be directly implemented as part of future stock assessments. Dr. Chagaris agreed and stated that other Council regions have taken steps towards identifying which knowledge gaps persist in stock assessments that could be answered by ecosystem modeling approaches. Revision of ABC Control Rule Dr. Joe Powers summarized the genesis and purpose of the Council's ABC Control Rule. SSC members agreed that revisiting the ABC Control Rule and the P* analysis periodically was prudent. SEFSC staff noted that limitations within a stock assessment typically lead to more fixed parameters, which mask uncertainty in the current ABC Control Rule. The SEFSC offered to build an alternative tool, with input from SSC volunteers, and will present the alternative control rule at a future SSC meeting. It was also noted that right-sizing assessments to the data available would likely result in more realistic representations of reality, as opposed to fixing numerous parameters. Further, for parameters that are not able to be freely estimated, the use of informative priors will allow the model additional flexibility while constraining possible parameter values within a realistic range. SSC members discussed the issue of the size of the buffer between the OFL and ABC after the application of the P* analysis. A percent multiplier was proffered as one potential modification to the current ABC Control Rule, whereby the multiplier would impose a percent difference between the ABC and OFL under certain circumstances. Selection of SSC Volunteers for SEDAR 68: Scamp Data Workshop Council staff described the structure of the research track assessment for scamp and outlined the responsibilities of the Assessment Development Team (ADT). The ADT will participate in all facets of the research track, with the exception of the stock identification process, and will use feedback received from the Data, Assessment, and Review Workshop panels to make decisions about all aspects of the assessment. As the research track assessment for scamp is novel, it is also an opportunity to work through issues prior to future research track assessments. Dave Chagaris, Will Patterson, and Sean Powers volunteered to be on the ADT. Staff also asked for volunteers for the scamp Data Workshop; Robert Leaf, Judd Curtis, and John Mareska volunteered. Other SEDAR scheduling changes resulting from the partial government shutdown between December 2018 and January 2019 were reviewed. Stock Status Review of Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Species Dr. Rick Hart presented the SSC with the stock status reports for brown, pink, and white shrimp. None of the stocks are overfished, nor are they undergoing overfishing. While pink, brown, and white shrimp spawning stock biomasses are greater than overfished reference points, pink and brown shrimp spawning stock biomasses have decreased in the past few years, and Dr. Hart will be looking into that further. The Committee noted that contemporary declines in recruitment for all three species seem to suggest that the stocks are returning to pre-2005 levels. The Committee asked for clarification on how calculations for fishing mortality differed across stocks. Dr. Hart noted that the brown shrimp stock is an annual model with seasons. The pink and white shrimp stocks are modeled in monthly intervals, with the months modeled as years within the assessment framework. Motion: The SSC moves to accept the Gulf of Mexico Brown, Pink, and White Shrimp Assessment Updates through 2017 as the Best Available Science. Motion carried unanimously. Review of Red Snapper Management Strategy Evaluation Tool Dr. Yuying Zhang presented a draft red snapper decision-support tool that could be used to perform a management strategy evaluation on red snapper. This tool is web-based and can be used by managers, stakeholders, and scientists to help quantify the risks and trade-offs among alternative management strategies. The tool is closely linked with both the data, models, and outputs from the most recent red snapper stock assessment (SEDAR 52) and allows simulation and exploration of model inputs and management scenarios. The tool is under active development and will be available for additional review and use within the next year. Dr. Cass-Calay stated that this tool is being developed in close coordination with the SEFSC and they are supportive of the process and interested in the potential applications of this tool. There are four sub-modules designed to incorporate external data into the decision-support tool: three use data and methods directly from stock assessments, and are therefore presumably further along in their development; a fourth focuses on socioeconomic data, and has not yet been developed. This socioeconomic module may prove quite influential in determining preferential management outcomes, and effort should be dedicated to its development. Other Business Dr. Joe Powers noted that Dr. Kai Lorenzen has been participating in calls about the National SSC meeting, which will take place in 2020. More information regarding the National SSC meeting will be provided to the SSC as it becomes available. The meeting adjourned at 11:15 a.m. on March 14, 2019. Participants Standing SSC Joe Powers, Chair Luiz Barbieri Harry Blanchet via webinar Lee Anderson Benny Gallaway Bob Gill Doug Gregory via webinar Jeff Isely Walter Keithly Robert Leaf Camp Matens James Nance Will Patterson Sean Powers Ken Roberts Steven Scyphers James Tolan David Chagaris Reef Fish SSC Jason Adriance Judson Curtis John Mareska Shrimp SSC Thomas Shirley via webinar Richard Burris via webinar Peyton Cagle via webinar Mackerel SSC Jason Adriance John Mareska Kari MacLauchlin-Buck Socioeconomic SSC Kari MacLauchlin-Buck Jack Isaacs Andrew Ropicki via webinar Council Staff Matt Freeman John Froeschke Ava Lasseter Ryan Rindone Lisa Hollensead Charlotte Schiaffo Carrie Simmons Presenters Yuying Zhang, FIU Shannon Cass-Calay, NMFS Rick Hart, NMFS Council Member Tom Frazer Others Michael Drexler, OC Sue Gerhart, NMFS Roy Crabtree, NMFS Jeff Pulver, NMFS Mike Travis, NMFS Kelsi Furman, NEU Aubrey Foulk, NEU Lauren Waters, NMFS Kelli O'Donnell, NMFS Alisha Gray-DiLeone, NMFS

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This is a message from the California Department of Education (CDE), Early Learning and Care Division (ELCD). *************************** Information on Revised August Budget Trailer Bill (Senate Bill 820) As shared in previous email messages, the CDE, ELCD has been having ongoing conversations with the Legislature and the Administration to elevate issues from the field and provide technical assistance as August Budget actions were formulated. As many of you know, at the end of June, the Legislature passed and the Governor signed Senate Bill (SB) 98, which, among other things, appropriated additional funding for addressing issues arising for the early learning and care field due to COVID-19. The SB 98 can be found at: http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB98. Since SB 98 passed, there have been other issues that have arisen, and the Legislature and the Administration expressed their intent to address those issues in August Budget Actions. Yesterday morning, August 24, 2020, the Legislature amended SB 820 to capture the agreement that has been made. Please note that this bill, although in print and available to read, is not yet law until the Legislature passes it and the Governor signs it. However, the CDE, ELCD felt it appropriate to alert you of changes that are in print in the bill. The CDE is working to develop Management Bulletins using this bill language that will be ready to release shortly after the bill is both passed by the Legislature and signed by the Governor. In some cases where specified below, the CDE will be releasing guidance via email to subscribers of the ELCD distribution list before the Management Bulletins are finalized. The email below summarizes the content of the bill as it applies to the early learning and care field. To review SB 820, please visit: http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB820. For each item, the relevant section number is mentioned for ease of navigation. Section 3: Requirements for Reopening and Reimbursement for Direct Service Contractors The CDE, ELCD sent out an email to subscribers of the ELCD distribution list on August 21, 2020, that provides guidance regarding requirements for reopening and reimbursement . Until further guidance is sent out, contractors should continue to follow the guidance set forth in the August 21 email. You will note that the email stated that the CDE, ELCD was in ongoing discussions to provide technical assistance to the Legislature and the Administration as they worked to address issues from the field around programs operating on local educational agency (LEA) campuses. SB 820 is the outcome of the discussions referenced in this email and further specifies reopening requirements for LEA and community-based organization contractors whose programs are operating on a LEA campus. Specifically, when the Legislature passes and the Governor signs SB 820, there would be language added to Education Code (EC) section 8209 that would allow programs operating on the campus of a LEA that is closed by local or state public health guidance or order to be closed and funded to be operational if the LEA is requiring the program to close. Additionally, SB 820 would require the governing board or body of the LEA requiring a closure to discuss the closure in a public hearing and prepare a plan for safely reopening early learning and care programs as soon as safely possible, but no later than when local education agency campuses open for in-person instruction. The public hearing and the plan do not need to be completed before the program closes, but must be completed in a reasonable timeframe. Section 60(d)(1)(B-C): Supports for Voucher Providers When passed by the Legislature and signed by the Governor, SB 820 would allow voucher providers to receive up to 14 paid non-operational days in addition to the current 10 paid non-operational days specified in Title 5 of the California Code of Regulations, section 18076.2(b). The bill specifies that the provider can use these days when the provider is closed due to the COVID-19 emergency anytime between September 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. In order to finance the cost of the 14 non-operational days, the bill reduces the amount of funding originally available for voucher provider stipends for economic hardships incurred as a result of COVID-19. Specifically, SB 820 redirects $31.25 million of the $62.5 million originally allocated for these stipends by SB 98, to support the cost of any dual provider payments that will be necessary as a result of providers utilizing nonoperational days and families needing to utilize alternate providers. SB 820 also would require Alternative Payment agencies to track the usage of paid, non-operational days and associated costs due to COVID-19 and report that usage to the CDE every month. Section 60(d)(1)(D): Family Fees The CDE, ELCD sent out an email to subscribers of the ELCD distribution list on July 28, 2020 that shared that family fees were waived for July and August based on an agreement from the Legislature and the Administration to address in August Budget Actions and the Superintendent's temporary waiver authority provided by EC 8209. SB 820 is the outcome of the discussions referenced in this email. When it is passed by the Legislature and signed by the Governor, it would accomplish the following related to family fees: - Waive family fees for all subsidized children in July and August 2020. - Allow families who were disenrolled, either voluntarily or involuntarily, to re-enroll without the need for additional eligibility documentation. - Waive family fees for September 2020 through June 2021 for families where all children in the family remain at home, either for distance learning or due to the family sheltering in place. (The CDE, ELCD understands 'sheltering in place' to mean situations where the family decides to shelter in place due to COVID-19 or is sheltering in place due to a state or local public health order or guidance.) - Specify that if additional federal funds are not received, child care providers will have to absorb the cost of the fee waivers for families remaining at home. Until further guidance is released, please continue to rely on the information in the July 28 email. The CDE, ELCD expects to release more guidance on family fees via an email to subscribers of the ELCD distribution within the next week. Section 70: Parent Signatures The CDE, ELCD sent out an email to subscribers of the ELCD distribution list on August 7, 2021 that shared that contractors should not withhold reimbursement to providers on the basis of attendance records and/or invoices not having a parent or guardian's signatures if the provider attempts to collect a signature and the parent or guardian is unable to sign due to the COVID-19 emergency. This guidance was based on an agreement with the Legislature and the Administration to address this issue in August Budget Actions and the Superintendent's temporary waiver authority provided by EC 8209. SB 820 is the outcome of the discussions referenced in this email. When it is passed by the Legislature and signed by the Governor, it would enable providers who have attempted to collect a signature from a parent and have been unsuccessful to be reimbursed without the parent signature between July 2020 and June 2021. Providers who submit attendance records or invoices without the parent signature must document their attempts to collect a parent or guardian signature. Section 71: Addressing Priorities for In-Person Service SB 820 directs CDE to develop guidance for direct contract programs whose ability to serve currently enrolled children is limited due to a state or local public health guidance or order related to COVID-19 which impacts group size or ratios. Specifically, the CDE is required to give guidance to contractors on how families must be prioritized for inperson early learning and care services. The bill specifies that CDE must incorporate the priorities for disenrollment found in EC 8263.3(b) and the extent to which the services are required because the parents work outside the home when determining the guidance. Finally, the bill specifies that any children not able to receive in-person early learning and care services due to a COVID-19 related group size or ratio limitation must be provided with distance learning. You have received this message because you are subscribed to an e-mail list from the California Department of Education's Early Learning and Care Division. To unsubscribe from this list, go to http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/ci/emailindex.asp.

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Evolving U.S. Fruit Markets and Seasonal Grower Price Patterns Kristy Plattner, Agnes Perez, and Suzanne Thornsbury Abstract This paper analyzes seasonal patterns in grower prices for five major U.S. fresh fruit markets between 1980 and 2012. Seasonality (the regular pattern of price change occurring within a year) has been recognized as an important determinant of price in fresh produce. Major adjustments in fruit markets over the past 30 years include changes in production, storage, import patterns, and demand. Unique commodity and market conditions for each of these five fruit products, arising from a combination of these adjustments, have been hypothesized to affect seasonal price patterns. Several changes in seasonal price patterns are observed after grouping monthly price data into four periods (1980-89, 1990-99, 2000-09, and 2010-12). A distinct seasonal pattern is observed in fresh strawberry prices even as expanded geographical and varietal diversity has smoothed seasonal price effects. Seasonality also continues to be noticeable in fresh grape and peach prices even as imports have increased in volume and number of supplying regions. The range of monthly prices has increased for less storable produce (e.g., strawberries and peaches) relative to produce that can be stored for longer periods (e.g., apples and oranges). In several cases, the timing of high and low prices within the year has shifted. Keywords: U.S. fresh fruit, seasonality, grower prices, production, storage, imports, demand, apples, oranges, strawberries, grapes, peaches Acknowledgments The authors thank Mark Jekanowski, Maurice Landes, Catherine Greene, Donna Roberts, Gopinath Munisamy, and Gary Lucier of USDA, Economic Research Service; Donald Hinman and Barbara Maxwell of USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service; Jorge Garcia-Pratts and Fred Granja of USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service; David Stallings of USDA, World Agricultural Outlook Board; and Lisa House of the University of Florida for their comments and suggestions. We also thank ERS editor Susmita Pendurthi and ERS designer Cynthia A. Ray. Introduction There have been major changes in U.S. fresh fruit markets over the past 30 years. Strong growth in domestic and export demand for U.S. fresh fruit has encouraged significant expansion in domestic production and imports. The average fresh-market$^1$ fruit volume produced in the United States grew 25 percent between 1980-89 and 2010-12 (to 23.2 billion pounds) at the same time that the import share of U.S. fresh fruit use (excluding bananas$^2$) quadrupled to 33 percent (USDA-ERS, 2013). As fresh fruit supplies and the choices of fruit and varieties available to consumers expanded, so did the potential for changes in the seasonal price patterns faced by U.S. growers. The U.S. produce sector is comprised of a wide array of individual commodity markets with different supply conditions, marketing needs, demand trends, and global linkages. Seasonality is the regular pattern of price change occurring within a year; it is the result of uneven demand, supply, or movement to market when either production or use (or both) is concentrated during particular months (Tomek and Robinson, 2003). For example, crops harvested throughout the year often exhibit less seasonality in their prices than crops harvested only once a year. Demand surges for particular foods, often associated with a holiday, typically exacerbate seasonality in those markets. Storage or imports can enable a more even distribution of supplies during the year, smoothing seasonal price effects. Shifts in grower price patterns for a specific market could reflect adjustments in domestic production, storage, import patterns, or demand.$^3$ Knowledge of seasonal price behavior—the typical timing and levels of seasonal highs and lows within a year and their reliability—is important in understanding these commodity markets. Keeping informed of changes in seasonal price behavior may serve as a tool in forming accurate analysis and market projections, effective marketing strategies, and sound policy decisions. This paper examines changes in seasonal grower price patterns in five major U.S. fresh fruit markets between 1980 and 2012. Fresh strawberries, apples, oranges, peaches, and grapes are the commodities selected for analysis based on the ranking of U.S. fresh-market value of production and the availability of monthly price data. Monthly grower price data reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) are used to address three fundamental economic questions: • What are the factors that may have influenced seasonal patterns of grower prices, and is there evidence of differences among these fresh fruit markets? • Have there been adjustments in the timing of high and low grower prices throughout the year? • Have there been shifts in the magnitude of seasonal changes in grower prices? $^1$Fresh market refers to the portion of production directed for fresh use, with the remaining balance used for processing. $^2$Imports account for virtually all U.S. banana supplies, with annual volumes almost half of total fresh fruit imports in the United States. $^3$Consumer prices are not explicit in this analysis, but relatively short fresh-fruit supply chains suggest that grower prices may be more closely correlated with consumer prices in these markets than they would be for more processed food products. There have been many changes in fresh fruit markets over the past 30 years that may have influenced shifts in seasonal price patterns, including adjustments in imports, production, storage, and demand. Unique commodity and market conditions lead impacts from each of these factors to vary over time and between markets. Fruit that can be supplied evenly throughout the year, either through domestic production or imports, is less likely to demonstrate strong seasonality. Demand, either domestic or export, that is more evenly distributed over time can also smooth seasonal price patterns. **Domestic Production** Domestic production practices for many crops have changed to distribute supplies more evenly throughout the year, including increased production volume (strawberries, grapes), greater intensity of production (apples, oranges), extended domestic growing areas (strawberries), and adoption of new varieties (strawberries, apples). These changes were targeted, at least in part, to take advantage of higher prices and/or extend seasons. Fresh domestic strawberry supplies have expanded over the last three decades. Annual production exceeded 2.0 billion pounds in every year since 2003, more than double the average production levels from the 1980s (fig. 1). Strawberries are grown throughout the United States, but commercial acreage and production is concentrated in California (almost 90 percent of the total U.S. crop between 2003 and 2012). Production in Florida accounts for an additional 8 percent, which is supplied during the winter months.$^4$ Growers in both Florida and California extended their production seasons during the 1990s and 2000s through a mix of new varieties and expanded planting regions. Prior to 1990, strawberry varieties in commercial production were primarily developed by the University of California to ripen in March and April under West Coast conditions (Chandler, 2003). In 1992, the Sweet Charlie variety was developed specifically for Florida’s growing conditions, producing higher yields during winter months and enabling Florida to build a market presence during the seasonal high-price period. California strawberry producers also invested in new varieties and expanded production across the State to extend the growing season. Diverse growing regions enable 12-month production in California, even as the majority of the State’s volume is harvested between February and October. Increased acreage planted in California’s Salinas-Watsonville growing district in the north expanded spring and summer production. Varieties better adapted to cold weather were also introduced to California’s southern growing districts, allowing harvest several weeks earlier and increasing volume during January and February. In 1994, a second planting and harvest season was implemented in the southern growing districts, adding supply in September through early November (Han et al., 1999). Over the same period, the U.S. apple industry increased the volume and intensity of production and diversified both its varietal profile and products (e.g., introduction of fresh sliced apples). Despite some annual fluctuations, fresh-market production increased from 4.9 billion pounds in 1980-81 to a $^4$Many smaller U.S. production areas (e.g., North Carolina, Oregon, and Michigan) harvest in late spring and early summer. While these additional production areas are not large contributors to the total domestic supply, they can displace some sales from California during May and June (Woods et al., 2006). record 6.6 billion pounds in 2004-05.$^5$ Production has since remained at or above 6.0 billion pounds each year as growers moved to highly intensive production systems. Planted acreage decreased over time, but trees per acre increased with the use of smaller trees for easier harvest. On average across all varieties, plantings in Washington State increased from slightly less than 200 trees per acre in 1986 to approximately 262 trees per acre in 1993, 434 trees per acre in 2006, and 562 trees per acre in 2011 (USDA-NASS, Washington Field Office, 2006 and 2011).$^6$ U.S. apple growers began planting new varieties in the 1980s and made significant shifts in the varietal mix by the mid-1990s.$^7$ Red Delicious, a traditional apple variety, is still the most widely produced apple (i.e., greatest annual volume) in the United States, but its share of total production has declined dramatically. Gala apples have superseded Golden Delicious as the second most widely produced apple variety in the country, and Fuji now ranks fourth. Domestic production of Fuji and Gala was initially intended to enhance export opportunities, especially in East Asia where these two varieties are popular. More recently, a combination of varietal diversification and new strategy --- $^5$Marketing years for each fruit commodity are different: strawberries and peaches follow a calendar year (January-December), apples are marketed August-July, grapes are marketed May-April, and oranges are marketed November-October. $^6$Apples are grown widely throughout the United States, but Washington State is the leading domestic source of fresh apples (approximately 70 percent of the national crop). $^7$For example, in 2011, 26 percent of Washington State’s apple acreage was Red Delicious, but this acreage accounted for only 15 percent of the trees (USDA-NASS, Washington Field Office, 2011). Over 50 percent of the Red Delicious acreage was planted prior to 1991, with only 4 percent planted in 2006 or later. In the same year, 20 percent of Washington’s apple acreage and 22.5 percent of the trees were planted to Gala. Over 25 percent of the Gala acreage was planted between 1996 and 2000, and 16 percent was planted after 2005. Likewise, 16.5 percent of the acreage and 23 percent of the trees were planted to Fuji, with 27 percent of the plantings between 1991 and 1995 and an additional 29 percent in 2006 or later. in supply management was introduced in the form of club varieties (which are patent protected). Producers with exclusive license to grow a specific apple variety (e.g., Ambrosia, Jazz™, Pacific Rose™) control the quality, quantity, and uniqueness of the variety to capture premium prices (Brown and Maloney, 2013; Carew et al., 2012). Except for occasional weather-induced crop losses, U.S. fresh orange supplies have remained relatively stable since 1980 even as acreage declined and production area became more concentrated. Overall, domestic orange acreage fell by 21 percent between 2002 and 2007 (USDA-NASS, 2007). Across all States, the conversion of some orange acreage to specialty citrus varieties, competition for available land from urban development and large-scale water projects, and disease outbreaks have all put pressure on U.S. acreage planted to oranges (U.S. ITC, 2006; Johnston and McCalla, 2004).$^8$ At the same time, orchard concentration has increased to incorporate high-density, high-yield plantings, improved orchard management, and greater irrigation efficiency. Thus, production has declined at a slower rate than planted acreage (U.S. ITC, 2006).$^9$ U.S. production of oranges is limited to California and Florida, with small additional amounts in Arizona and Texas, due to freeze intolerance. California is the main producer of fresh oranges with 85 to 90 percent of U.S. navel orange production (USDA-NASS, Citrus Fruits, 1979-2013). Historically, the California orange industry was concentrated in Southern California, with 80 percent of production in the region in 1950 (Johnston and McCalla, 2004). Prior to 1980, fresh orange production moved northward to the eastern San Joaquin Valley, where acreage rose by 85,000 acres between 1950 and 1975. In 2000, 82 percent of California’s harvested acreage was located in the San Joaquin Valley and, by 2012, the San Joaquin Valley’s Tulare County accounted for 51 percent of total State bearing acreage (Johnston and McCalla, 2004; California Department of Food and Agriculture, 2012). In contrast, Orange County, located in Southern California, had over 60,000 acres of oranges in 1950, but only 115 acres remained by 2000. Though fresh grapes are grown throughout the United States, 99 percent of commercial volume is produced in California.$^{10}$ Domestic fresh grape production has increased from 1.4 billion pounds during the 1980s to an average of almost 2.0 billion pounds between 2010 and 2012. Like strawberries, grapes are produced in California in multiple growing regions. Harvest begins in May in the desert areas, which supply the early-season market through mid-July. Harvesting from California’s main production region (the San Joaquin Valley) begins in July and lasts through mid-December. Supplies from other States generally enter the market between August and October. National supply volume is noticeably heaviest from July through November, slowing down in December as the domestic harvest ends. --- $^8$For example, in contrast to declining orange consumption, tangerine per capita use reached a record 3.97 pounds per person in 2010-11 as production more than doubled since 1980. An example of pressure on available acreage is the development of the Delta-Mendota Canal in the Central Valley of California. Developing production risks from disease outbreaks have been highly visible (Kuchment, 2013). Citrus greening (Huanglongbing, HLB) is a devastating bacterial disease spread by the Asian citrus psyllid with no cure identified. While all commercial citrus acreage in Florida was reported to be infected in 2013, only the psyllid (not the disease) had been reported in California as of July 2013. $^9$Fresh orange utilized production was at 4,033 million pounds in the 1980-81 marketing year (November – October), peaked at 5,366 million pounds in 1997-98, and then declined to 4,635 million pounds in 2011-12. $^{10}$Table grapes make up about 80 percent of California’s fresh crop, with the remainder sold for wine and raisin production. Washington, New York, Pennsylvania, and Michigan are relatively important grape-producing States that primarily serve the juice- and wine-processing markets. Domestic peach production for the fresh market has remained consistent at about 1.1 million pounds since 1980, and there has been little change in the timing of harvest. Production is concentrated in California, with approximately 75 percent of the national peach crop each year. The harvest of California’s fresh-market peaches begins as early as mid-April, but volumes are quite limited until mid-May and are often too low to establish a price. South Carolina, Georgia, and New Jersey follow with a combined production share of about 15 percent, supplying primarily the fresh fruit market. Unlike for some other fruit commodities, these three States have been able to establish a location identity for fresh peaches, with consumers displaying a strong sense of regional recognition (Raper et al., 2009). Since 1980, over 70 percent of annual domestic shipments have occurred between June and August. Shipment volume drops rapidly in September and continues to average 5 percent or less of the annual total through October and November. **Storage** While storage periods have likely been extended since 1980 for all fruits through the use of more advanced atmospheric control systems in storage and transport facilities and varietal innovations, notable differences remain (table 1). Perishability varies significantly among fresh fruit commodities, and those with relatively shorter shelf lives tend to demonstrate stronger seasonal price patterns (e.g., strawberries). Among the five fruit commodities in this report, post-harvest cold storage shelf-life varies from 5-10 days for strawberries to 2-7 months for apples (USDA-AMS, 2004). Advancements in storage technology have impacted the year-round supply distribution for apples and oranges the most. U.S. apples are harvested between August and November, but the ability to store apples for a long period allows an evenly sustained release of supplies to market (which mitigates seasonal price variability). Packing and shipping commences as soon as harvest begins; as harvest volumes increase, fruit is typically placed in storage and the fruit is continually brought to market (Schotzko and Granatstein, 2004). The average volume of apples in storage has increased in each decade since the 1980s even as the seasonal pattern of storage volume, driven by production seasons and shelf life, has remained consistent (fig. 2). Although varietal differences exist, the aggregate post-harvest storage life of apples is estimated to be 2-7 months, and minimal fruit is carried forward into the next marketing year. The combination of new varieties with later harvest dates and the increased use of more sophisticated storage technology have enabled the industry to move apples later in the marketing season. | Fruit | Time period | |----------------|-------------| | Strawberry | 5-10 days | | Peach | 2-4 weeks | | Orange | 2-6 weeks | | Grape (American)| 3-8 weeks | | Apple | 2-7 months | Notes: Oranges have on-tree storage potential of several months; storage time cited is specific to California oranges. American grapes are table grapes which have shorter storage time than wine grapes. Source: USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, *Agricultural Export Transportation Handbook 700*, 2004. Advances in cold storage and transport have increased post-harvest shelf life for fresh oranges, but the fruit can generally withstand only 6-12 weeks of cold storage before degrading (Ladaniya, 2008). Approximate post-harvest storage for oranges primarily targeted to the fresh market is even shorter at 2-6 weeks. Among the commodities in this report, on-tree storage is unique to oranges. The fruit can be left on tree up to several months, ripening slowly, and will not soften or abscise because it is non-climacteric.$^{11}$ At times, either growers themselves or prorated delivery schedules within citrus cooperatives will use on-tree storage to manage the harvest and flow of the product to the market (Jacobs, 1994). **Import Patterns** Imports, which have increased in volume and changed supply regions over time, have helped bolster the year-round availability of fresh fruit in the United States. U.S. imports of all fresh fruit commodities (excluding bananas) increased from 7.6 percent of domestic use in the 1980s to over 33 percent of domestic use between 2010 and 2012 (USDA-ERS, 2013). Imports are counter-seasonal for many fresh produce commodities, often filling gaps in domestic supply and reducing price fluctuations during periods when domestic supplies are not available (Huang, 2013). Since 1980, import penetration has increased notably in grapes and strawberries; however, the average share of imports remains below 10 percent for strawberries, apples, and peaches after 2010 (table 2). Although the $^{11}$Fruits, vegetables, and nuts are classified as climacteric or non-climacteric. Climacteric fruits will ripen after harvest (i.e., apples) due to the expiration of ethylene gas, while non-climacteric fruits respire little or no ethylene gas. Thus, non-climacteric fruits mature slowly and only while attached to the plant; the fruit does not ripen after harvest. ### Table 2 **Average monthly and annual share of domestic and import shipment volumes in the United States** | Period | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | Jun. | Jul. | Aug. | Sep. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Average annual share of total volume | |--------------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|-------------------------------------| | **Fresh strawberries** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Domestic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1980-89 | 1.7 | 3.6 | 11.8 | 24.7 | 24.5 | 13.2 | 7.8 | 5.5 | 3.7 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 96.8 | | 1990-99 | 2.5 | 4.1 | 10.2 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 13.6 | 11.0 | 7.5 | 5.8 | 4.1 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 95.4 | | 2000-09 | 3.7 | 5.1 | 11.0 | 15.3 | 16.9 | 14.0 | 11.1 | 8.2 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 93.4 | | 2010-12 | 3.1 | 5.5 | 10.2 | 13.0 | 15.0 | 14.0 | 11.9 | 9.4 | 7.7 | 5.3 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 90.8 | | Imports from Mexico¹ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1980-89 | 9.6 | 10.0 | 13.4 | 21.7 | 15.4 | 9.6 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 5.3 | 7.4 | 3.2 | | 1990-99 | 7.5 | 10.4 | 22.2 | 24.1 | 16.3 | 10.9 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 3.8 | 4.6 | | 2000-09 | 13.2 | 14.4 | 21.8 | 19.9 | 9.4 | 6.7 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 3.8 | 6.3 | 6.6 | | 2010-12 | 18.1 | 20.0 | 21.4 | 17.0 | 3.9 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 10.4 | 9.2 | | **Fresh apples** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Domestic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1980-89 | 10.0 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 9.2 | 7.4 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 7.2 | 11.5 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 93.1 | | 1990-99 | 9.4 | 9.1 | 9.8 | 8.5 | 8.0 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 7.4 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 10.4 | 93.4 | | 2000-09 | 9.6 | 9.1 | 10.6 | 8.6 | 7.8 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 8.0 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 92.8 | | 2010-12 | 10.7 | 9.1 | 9.7 | 8.5 | 7.6 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 7.8 | 11.2 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 93.2 | | Imports | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1980-89 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 9.5 | 14.3 | 18.5 | 15.2 | 9.4 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 4.9 | 6.8 | 5.6 | 6.9 | | 1990-99 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 8.4 | 14.6 | 19.7 | 14.1 | 8.5 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 8.7 | 5.7 | 3.7 | 6.6 | | 2000-09 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 7.8 | 12.6 | 18.9 | 19.4 | 18.3 | 7.3 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 7.2 | | 2010-12 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 4.2 | 9.3 | 14.3 | 22.9 | 27.1 | 13.0 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 6.8 | | **Fresh oranges²** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Domestic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1980-89 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 11.7 | 12.0 | 10.8 | 6.3 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 8.5 | 12.8 | 99.1 | | 1990-99 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 11.8 | 11.4 | 10.8 | 6.5 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 5.9 | 9.2 | 14.4 | 97.0 | | 2000-09 | 12.1 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 10.0 | 8.4 | 5.6 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 7.6 | 12.9 | 17.5 | 83.2 | | 2010-12 | 12.1 | 10.6 | 12.2 | 10.8 | 8.2 | 6.0 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 6.2 | 12.6 | 15.5 | 78.8 | | Imports | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1980-89 | 13.8 | 16.6 | 12.7 | 10.8 | 7.0 | 6.2 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 5.5 | 7.2 | 12.8 | 0.9 | | 1990-99 | 6.4 | 9.5 | 11.6 | 15.0 | 10.3 | 5.7 | 12.5 | 18.6 | 3.7 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 3.9 | 3.0 | | 2000-09 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 6.9 | 5.7 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 20.4 | 24.5 | 15.9 | 9.4 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 16.8 | | 2010-12 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 17.1 | 32.0 | 18.7 | 14.3 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 21.2 | Continued### Table 2 **Average monthly and annual share of domestic and import shipment volumes in the United States** | Period | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | Jun. | Jul. | Aug. | Sep. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | Average annual share of total volume | |--------------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|-------------------------------------| | **Fresh peaches** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Domestic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1980-89 | --- | --- | --- | 0.1 | 9.6 | 24.2 | 27.8 | 25.3 | 12.1 | 0.8 | 0.0 | --- | 93.1 | | 1990-99 | --- | --- | --- | 0.4 | 11.5 | 23.2 | 26.6 | 25.2 | 11.3 | 1.6 | 0.1 | --- | 87.9 | | 2000-09 | --- | --- | --- | 0.2 | 9.8 | 22.0 | 25.6 | 25.6 | 13.8 | 2.8 | 0.1 | --- | 90.5 | | 2010-12 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 8.0 | 22.1 | 26.8 | 24.1 | 13.7 | 5.2 | 0.0 | --- | 92.6 | | Imports | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1980-89 | 22.7 | 31.9 | 23.1 | 8.1 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 10.6 | 6.9 | | 1990-99 | 35.8 | 32.2 | 15.1 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 13.8 | 12.1 | | 2000-09 | 31.6 | 24.3 | 20.8 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 2.4 | 12.7 | 9.5 | | 2010-12 | 30.9 | 35.5 | 18.2 | 3.1 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 8.8 | 7.4 | | **Fresh grapes** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Domestic | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1980-89 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 10.2 | 14.3 | 20.4 | 18.0 | 13.3 | 10.4 | 6.9 | 75.0 | | 1990-99 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 9.1 | 13.6 | 20.6 | 18.6 | 15.5 | 12.6 | 5.6 | 64.2 | | 2000-09 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 2.8 | 6.1 | 13.6 | 21.0 | 19.4 | 17.0 | 13.0 | 6.1 | 55.0 | | 2010-12 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 9.4 | 19.6 | 21.2 | 19.8 | 15.8 | 7.8 | 35.6 | | Imports | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1980-89 | 5.9 | 15.7 | 22.3 | 26.0 | 13.6 | 9.7 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 25.0 | | 1990-99 | 15.9 | 22.4 | 23.8 | 13.5 | 7.1 | 9.0 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 6.3 | 35.8 | | 2000-09 | 15.4 | 19.1 | 21.9 | 14.8 | 8.0 | 12.6 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 5.2 | 45.0 | | 2010-12 | 16.9 | 17.6 | 25.5 | 17.5 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 5.4 | 64.4 | -- Zero shipments reported. 1 Comprise virtually all U.S. strawberry import volume. 2 Beginning in 1994, California Citrus Mutual stopped reporting fresh orange shipment volumes to Agricultural Marketing Services Market News, resulting in the decline in reported domestic shipment volumes despite relatively stable fresh production. Source: USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service, *Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Shipments, by Commodities, States and Months*, 1980-2012. import share remains low for fresh apples and oranges, a change in supply regions has shifted the timing of their entry into U.S. markets. The market share of fresh grape imports to the United States has grown notably, from less than 10 percent of domestic use in the 1970s to over 40 percent since the 2000s (USDA-ERS, 2013). Imports primarily supplement domestic supplies during the off-season, with over 70 percent of total U.S. fresh grape import volume occurring counter-seasonally from January through April. The majority (75 percent) of fresh grape imports come from Chile (fig. 3), where exports to the United States rose from over 600 million pounds per year in the 1990s to over 900 million pounds since 2000. Since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in the mid-1990s, Mexico has also increased fresh grape exports to the United States, with supplies entering during the early months of the domestic marketing season (May-June). In years when Chile has a big crop or late harvest, supplies overlap with imports from Mexico. Although imports during May and June may be reduced relative to the off-season, higher-than-normal supplies during peak domestic production periods (June-August) can reduce grower prices. While imports are important to the U.S. market for fresh grapes, they remain a small (but growing) part of fresh strawberry use in the United States, with import volume concentrated in the winter and early spring. Approximately 32 million pounds of strawberries were imported in 1990, rising to --- 12 Import shares for oranges are overestimated in table 2 due to domestic shipments being underestimated since 1994—a California grower association stopped reporting shipment volumes to AMS, reducing total reported domestic shipment volumes. 13 In general, fresh grape imports enter the United States tariff free from the end of the marketing year (in April) through June. just over 350 million pounds in 2012; however, this is still only 14 percent of all fresh strawberries available for domestic use in the United States (USDA-ERS, 2013). Mexico has been the primary source of fresh strawberries since 1989 and has supplied virtually all U.S. imports since 2000. Fresh strawberries from Mexico typically enter the United States between December and June, with peak volume in March and April. Since 2010, these imports have been somewhat less seasonally concentrated as shipments became stronger from October to April (compared with the previous three decades). At the same time, import shipments were down in the peak domestic summer months (May and June). Similarly, imports play a minor (but still growing) role in total domestic apple consumption. Less than 10 percent of the U.S. fresh apple supply was imported between 2010 and 2012, but import volumes increased from over 100 million pounds in the early 1980s to a record 473 million pounds in 2003-04, with succeeding-year volumes in the range of 300 million to 400 million pounds (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014). There has also been a shift in the supply source even as imports remain largely counter-seasonal to domestic production. In the 1990s, Canada and New Zealand were the primary suppliers of U.S. imports, while the Chilean share was only about 20 percent. During this period, Chilean apple imports entered the United States mostly in April and May. Chile’s fruit industry matured in the 1990s, however, with production and varieties heavily oriented towards meeting the growing demand for off-season fruit in the Northern Hemisphere. Chile currently supplies approximately 60 percent of imported fresh apples to the United States, and New Zealand, Canada, and Argentina provide most of the remaining 40 percent. As the Chilean varietal mix shifted, June and July import volumes increased (World Apple Review, 2004) and the peak period for all U.S. fresh apple imports moved to later in the season (May to July). While still accounting for less than 5 percent of total utilized domestic production, fresh orange imports increased from 26 million pounds in 1989-90 to a record 263 million pounds in 2011-12 and, like apples, the source of supply shifted (USDA-ERS, 2013). Increased use of controlled atmospheric storage, advancements in post-harvest treatment, and improved transportation technology supported the increase in fresh orange imports (U.S. ITC, 2006). In the 1980s, import volumes were heaviest from December through April, and Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and other small producers located near the United States were the primary suppliers. By the 1990s, domestic firms entered into multiple agreements with international suppliers to maintain year-round orange supplies. South Africa, Australia, and Chile became major suppliers and import volumes moved later into the domestic off-season to capture higher prices. In the 1990s, imports peaked in August; by the 2000s, the majority of import volume entered from July through September. Of the five fruit commodities covered, import patterns have exhibited the least change in peaches. Import share remains low, at less than 9 percent of total supply (on average) since 1980 (table 2), although volume has increased from an average 50 million pounds in the 1980s to over 120 million pounds during the 2000s (USDA-ERS, 2013). Over 95 percent of fresh peach imports come from Chile, where production is counter-seasonal to the United States. Though imports and domestic supply overlap at the beginning and end of the U.S. production season, volume in these periods remains thin relative to demand. Only limited amounts of imported fresh peaches are available through the summer months.$^{14}$ Since the mid-1990s, there have also been slight increases in peach imports from Canada, Mexico, and a few other Central and South American countries. $^{14}$Beginning in 2002, a seasonal import tariff of 0.2 cents per kilogram for fresh peaches was imposed from June 1 to November 30, corresponding with the U.S. peach harvest season. Demand Seasonal grower price patterns are also influenced by domestic and global demand. Demand surges for particular foods, often associated with a holiday, typically exacerbate seasonality in those markets. While not a direct measure of month-to-month consumption, increasing annual per capita use does signal greater total domestic use over the course of a year. For example, per capita fresh strawberry use in the United States grew from 1.97 pounds in 1980 to 7.86 pounds in 2011-12—a 300-percent increase (fig. 4). Demand for U.S. fresh grapes has also trended up over time even as the average annual rate of growth has slowed since the 1990s. In the 1980s, annual increases in per capita domestic fresh grape use averaged 9 percent, declining to less than 1 percent since the 1990s. In contrast, per capita use of peaches, apples, and oranges has trended downward—per capita consumption of fresh peaches and nectarines was 5.20 pounds in the 1970s, reached a high of 7.08 pounds in 1980, and has since declined. Per capita consumption of fresh apples was 19.2 pounds in the 1980-81 marketing year, rose to a high of 21.2 in 1989-90, and fell to 15.3 pounds per person by 2011-12.$^{15}$ Domestic per capita consumption of fresh oranges has also waned, bottoming out at 7.5 pounds in 2006 from a high of 15 pounds in 1982. The presence of alternative outlets (i.e., exports, processing) can act to smooth domestic demand patterns for fresh produce. With the exception of strawberries, exports are a growing outlet for the fruit commodities in this report. On average, close to 40 percent of the domestic fresh grape crop --- $^{15}$In comparison, per capita use of processed apple products from domestic and imported sources (converted to a fresh-weight basis) was approximately 24, 28, and 30 pounds per capita in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, respectively. Market conditions and price trends for processed apple products vary, with growth in per capita consumption of some products (e.g., juice, cider, apple slices), decline in consumption of other products (e.g., canned, frozen), and a significant increase in the share of imports. has been exported annually since 2000—an increase from the relatively steady average share of 30 percent between 1970 and 1999. Approximately 90 percent of total export volume is shipped between July and December (during peak U.S. harvest). Use of fresh U.S. apples in international markets has also increased. International markets absorbed 28 percent of domestic fresh apple production on average between 2007-08 and 2011-12, up from slightly over 10 percent during the 1980s. Exports of fresh peaches increased more gradually; on average, 15 percent of utilized production was exported annually between 2000 and 2012, compared to only 7 percent in the 1980s and 11 percent in the 1990s. The share of fresh orange exports increased very gradually, from an average of 28 percent in the 1980s to 33 percent since 2007-08. Like domestic availability, exports are tied to U.S. production patterns and are highly seasonal. Processed product markets are an additional outlet for some commodities. The presence of a large processed-product market for apples (e.g., juice, canned, dried, frozen) helped absorb the increased availability of domestic production and imports since the 1980s.$^{16}$ Grapes for fresh use account for only about 13 percent of total U.S. utilized production, but fresh grape grower prices are typically higher than those for processing use (Boriss et al., 2011). Unlike for apples and oranges, the processed product market does not provide a large outlet for peaches, and utilization in the canned peach market has steadily declined.$^{17}$ Likewise, while a large juice market exists for oranges, some varieties of oranges (e.g., navel oranges) are targeted to the fresh market and some (e.g., Valencia oranges) are targeted to the processed markets, and these markets are largely distinct.$^{18}$ $^{16}$Over half of U.S. apple production is utilized in the fresh market (56 percent, 57 percent, and 65 percent on average during the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, respectively). Although declining in total share over the past three decades, processed products still account for over 33 percent of U.S. apple utilization. $^{17}$Peach varieties are broadly classified by how firmly the flesh attaches to the pit. In freestone peach varieties, the pit is more easily pulled away from the fruit flesh. Clingstone peaches are typically firmer varieties, where the flesh inside the peach tends to cling to the pit. Typically, freestone peach varieties enter the fresh market while clingstone varieties are targeted for the processing market. $^{18}$Navel oranges are primarily consumed fresh due to sweetness and ease of peeling. They are rarely used for juicing as the fruit develops bitterness during processing and is less juicy than other varieties. Valencia oranges have the high juice content and flavor profile preferred by the juice market, but are also consumed fresh in smaller volumes. Simple statistical techniques and graphical analysis are used in this paper to evaluate adjustments in seasonal price patterns based on nominal monthly grower price data from 1979 to 2012.$^{19}$ In addition to seasonality, additional random (stochastic) and nonrandom factors influence observed produce prices (Tomek and Robinson, 2003). Price trends showing upward movement over time are evident for fruit commodities (fig. 5). Price cycles are typically related to lags between the decision to enter or leave a market and the actual change in output levels (Rosen et al., 1994; Dieci and Westerhoff, 2010). Four of the five fruit commodities included in this report are perennial crops with multi-year production lags that have the potential to generate price cycles. Further, random price movements result from stochastic shifts in supply and demand, which are influenced by weather or other shocks (e.g., a food safety scare). **Figure 5** *Trend in Producer Price Index, 1980-2012* Notes: All includes fresh fruit and melons, fresh and dried vegetables, and tree nuts. The Producer Price Index (PPI) is a weighted index of prices measured at the wholesale or producer level. Trend in PPI is significant at the 1-percent level for the aggregate index as well as for strawberries, apples, and peaches. PPI trend is significant at the 5-percent level for oranges and insignificant for the shorter fresh grape time series. The time series is a data series of values of a quantity obtained at successive times, often with equal intervals between them. Source: USDA, Economic Research Service calculations using data from U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2013. $^{19}$Monthly prices used for each of the commodities reflect the all-fresh-fruit grower price (USDA-NASS, Agricultural Prices, 1979-2013). U.S.-level prices are used for all fruits except for fresh orange grower prices, which represent the fresh-on-tree-equivalent price in California (supplier of 88 percent of U.S. fresh-market oranges). The fruit prices reflect a weighted U.S. average for nonorganic fruit. NASS reports fresh peach grower prices only for the months of May through September and fresh grape grower prices only for the months of May through December. Fresh-market grapes include mostly table grapes but also wine and raisin grapes sold for fresh use. Grower prices for grapes are only available from 1995 to 2012. In order to disentangle seasonal price effects from trend, cyclical, and random price movements, a monthly grower price index for each commodity is calculated following the method established by Houck (1974) and Buxton (1988). In this approach, monthly nominal grower prices are divided by the corresponding centered moving average commodity price to create a monthly price index value for each period.$^{20}$ By construction, the mean will approach 100 when monthly index values are averaged for a given year (in contrast to averaging values for the same month across years). The difference between maximum and minimum index values within the year (i.e., the range) represents the magnitude of yearly price changes. For example, in 1980, the fresh strawberry grower price index varied between 75 (minimum in April) and 120 (maximum in February) for a price index swing of 45. In 2012, the price index varied between 66 and 175 for a difference of 109. Monthly price index values are averaged by decade (i.e., January 1980-99, 1990-99, 2000-09, and 2010-12) and serve as the basis for the graphs in fig. 6 of seasonal price patterns. Annual maximum and minimum price index values are also averaged by decade. The resulting range provides an indication of magnitude for seasonal grower price fluctuation in each of the four periods. T-tests are used to assess statistical significance of the observed differences across the four periods. $^{20}$See appendix for a sample calculation of the price index. Figure 6 Monthly seasonal patterns in grower price index for strawberries, apples, peaches, oranges, and grapes, 1980-2012 Strawberry Percent 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2012 Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. 1 Maximum statistically different from 2000-09 (10%); minimum statistically different from 1990-99 (10%) and 2000-09 (1%); range statistically different from 1980-89 and 1990-99 (5%) and from 2000-09. Apple Percent 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2012 Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. 1 Range statistically different from 1980-89 (5%). 2 Maximum statistically different from 1980-89 (1%), 1990-99, and 2000-09 (5%); minimum statistically different than 1980-89 (5%), 1990-99, and 2000-09 (1%); range statistically different than 1980-89, 1990-99, and 2000-09. Peach Percent 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2012 Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. 1 Peach grower prices are only reported from May through September. 2 Maximum statistically different from 2000-09 (10%); range statistically different from 1980-89 (1%) and from 1990-99 and 2000-09 (5%). Grape Percent 1996-1999 2000-2009 2010-2012 Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. 1 Grape grower prices only for the months of May through December and are only available from 1995 to 2012. During May in 2010-12 period, insufficient number of reports to establish a price. 2 Minimum statistically different from 1990-99 (10%); range statistically different from 1990-99 (5%). 3 Maximum statistically different from 2000-09 (5%); minimum statistically different from 1990-99 (10%) and 2000-09 (1%); range statistically different from 2000-09 (5%). Orange Percent 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2012 Jan. Mar. May Jul. Sep. Nov. 1 Maximum statistically different from 1980-89 (5%), 1990-99, and 2000-09 (1%); minimum and range statistically different from 1980-89, 1990-99, and 2000-09 (1%). Source: USDA, Economic Research Service calculations based on USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, *Agricultural Prices*, 1979-2013. Findings Similarities in seasonal grower price patterns across markets and changes over time The presence of seasonal grower price patterns in fresh produce has been well documented in the literature (Anonymous, 1958; USDA-AMS, 1961; Houck, 1974; Buxton, 1988; Canova and Hansen, 1995; Arnade et al., 2005; Huang and Huang, 2012). Strawberry, peach, and grape grower prices demonstrate a classic seasonal pattern for fresh produce, with the high prices occurring at the beginning and/or ending of the year or marketing season (fig. 6). In comparison, fresh apples and oranges exhibit weak seasonal price patterns. In general, strawberry grower prices tend to decrease through the first 4 months of the year, stabilize at low levels from May through August, and rise in the last 4 months (except during the 1980s, when prices dropped notably in December).$^{21}$ However, there have been some significant changes in the months when low and high fresh strawberry prices are realized. In the 1980s, the average monthly price index was at its lowest point in May, when shipment volumes were near peak levels for the year (approximately 25 percent of annual supply). By the 2000s, the low price point had moved later in the year to June, and the timing of high grower prices had also moved to later in the year. The highest monthly price index in the 1980s occurs in November, when shipment volumes are lowest (approximately 1 percent of annual supply). By the 1990s, the share of annual supply shipped in November began to increase gradually, and high prices had shifted to December.$^{22}$ Fresh peach and grape grower prices also exhibit the classic pattern of seasonal highs and lows, with high prices early in the U.S. harvest season when supplies are tight, declines through the peak production months, and increases towards the end of the harvest season. In the peach market, prices peak in May, when only around 10 percent of the annual supply volume is in the market. Prices bottom out in July or August, when at least 25 percent of the annual supply volume is available. Overall patterns during the 1980s and 1990s are very similar, but there are indications of change since 2000; early season prices have been higher than the two previous decades and show little price increase or even a decline at the end of the season. Though overall domestic production has remained fairly steady since the 1980s, plantings of late-season varieties have contributed to slightly higher supplies for the late summer and early fall market during the 2000s than in the previous decades. Domestic shipment volume in September rose from 11 to 12 percent of annual volume in the 1980s and 1990s to 14 percent during the 2000s; similarly, volume in October rose from around 1 to 2 percent to 3 to 5 percent. Grower prices bottom out in the fresh grapes market from July through September, then increase again from October through December. When compared across time, prices in the 1990s declined more sharply from the early-season peak than they did in the 2000s. Prices also declined in December during the mid-to-late 1990s in contrast to end-of-season price increases after 2000. Between 1996 and 1999, markets were very thin in December with fewer grower prices reported, often not having sufficient production volume to establish a price. During 2010-12, fresh grape $^{21}$Volume or movement of fresh strawberries was too low to establish a price in 5 of 10 years between 1980 and 1989. $^{22}$T-tests confirm the 2010-12 June price index is statistically different than 1990-99 at the 10-percent level. With data for only 3 years available, it is not known if this shift will be sustained through 2019. The 1980s December price index is statistically different from the 1990s (5-percent level) and from the 2000s (1-percent level). prices were not reported in May (again due to thin markets) and the grower price index peaks in June, a month behind the previous decades. Fresh apples exhibit fairly weak seasonal grower price patterns. Although apple prices typically increase slightly at the beginning of a new marketing year (August-September) then decline as harvest volume rises, a comparison of monthly grower prices throughout the year shows only narrow differences in values. Comparison of apple price patterns between decades shows little difference between 1990-99 and 2000-09 but some shifts from 1980-89 and 2010-12. During the 1980s, average price peaked at the end of the marketing season (July) when supplies were low, before gradually declining as the new crop entered both the market and cold storage facilities. In the subsequent two decades, prices did not peak until September and then mostly declined through the remainder of the year. During 2010-12, grower prices reached their low point in April, 2 months earlier than in the previous decades. Like apples, fresh orange prices have a relatively flat seasonal pattern. In general, grower prices decline during the heaviest navel-harvest months in the beginning of the year. As navel production decreases and the Valencia harvest increases, grower prices typically rise; however, there are noticeable differences in the seasonal price patterns between decades. The mean grower price index during the 2000s was at its lowest point in July, 3 months after the last large shipment volume. In the 1980s, the mean price index value was lowest in April, when shipments were the second highest of the year. **Magnitude of seasonal price changes** When annual maximum and minimum grower price index values are averaged by decade, the resulting range provides a measure of average magnitude for the seasonal price fluctuation in each of the four periods. In the strawberry example, the 1980s price index (1980-89) varied between 61 and 180 for a difference of 120 and the 2010s price index (2010-12) varied between 62 and 200 for a difference of 139 (table 3). The difference in range between these two periods is 19 points. The observed magnitude of change is even more pronounced in peaches at 33 (from an average range of approximately 44 points in the 1980s to 76 points between 2010 and 2012). Marked differences in the magnitude of seasonal price fluctuations signal more obvious shifts in price patterns over time, and differences among fresh fruit markets are discernable. Over the 33-year period, changes in average magnitude are not significant for strawberries or apples. In contrast, U.S. fresh peach, grape, and orange grower prices do show significant change. Most notable are the statistically significant decreases in the magnitude of seasonal grower price change for grapes and oranges in 2010-12, although it is too soon to know if this example will be sustained through 2019. Peach prices have experienced an increase in magnitude and the average maximum price index as growers try to capture early season prices (when the fruit is more susceptible to loss or damage from late-season freezes). In the strawberry and peach markets, there has been relatively more stability in the minimum prices over time than in maximum prices. Even in individual years, the fresh strawberry grower price index value has rarely fallen below 50 in any single year, while more variability is observed in the high values. Between 1980 and 2012, high prices have been as much as 147 percentage points above the mean (2010) and as little as 20 percentage points above the mean (1980). Average maximum values for the fresh peach grower price index since 2000 are significantly higher than they were between 1980 and 1999. The fresh orange market is an exception—the average minimum grower price index has risen in the most recent period (2010-12) even as the average maximum price index value shows no significant change. The range in the fresh grape price index moved from 82 in the 1990s, to 98 in the 2000s, and to 59 from 2010-12. In contrast, the average range for apple price indices has been relatively steady since 1980. Even when individual years are evaluated, the range in the apple price index varied only as little as 15 (2004) and as much as 96 (1988). Market conditions unique to each commodity influence the impacts of changing supply and demand factors on the seasonality of grower prices. Products that are supplied and demanded evenly throughout the year are less likely to demonstrate strong seasonality. Over time, fresh fruit suppliers have extended the period various fruits are available in the U.S. market through imports, increased domestic output, expanded planting regions, and/or enhanced storage. Domestic use for some products has increased, potentially spreading sales across a greater number of months. In addition, global demand for U.S. products and, in some cases, growth in alternative markets for processing has influenced the timing of sales. Grouping monthly price data into four periods, 1980-89, 1990-99, 2000-09 and 2010-12, reveals several changes in the seasonal price patterns. Some shifts have occurred in the magnitude of price change within a season even when averaged by decade, such as for grapes and oranges. When month-to-month price patterns are evaluated, shifts in range are also noted in strawberries, peaches, and apples. The range of monthly prices has increased for less storable produce (e.g., strawberries and peaches) relative to produce that can be stored for longer periods (e.g., apples and oranges). In several cases, notably strawberries and oranges, the timing of high and low prices within the year has also shifted. A distinct seasonal pattern is observed in fresh strawberry prices even as expanded geographical and varietal diversity have smoothed seasonal price effects (particularly since 2000). Fresh peach and grape markets also continue to demonstrate seasonality, with high price windows at the start and end of the domestic harvest season. Fresh peach supply, demand, and trade trends have not undergone major changes but, while seasonal price patterns remained similar during the 1980s and 1990s, there are indications of change since 2000 with higher early-season prices and little price increase or decline at the end of the season. With little growth in domestic utilization of fresh grapes, increases in production, fluctuations in imports from major and emerging trading partners, and growth in exports have influenced price patterns over time. Fresh apples and oranges are more storable fruit commodities that fail to demonstrate deep seasonal price swings within a given year, although the timing of high and low prices has shifted. Though the apple harvest occurs largely in the fall, storability, increased domestic production, and counter-seasonal import availability permit more even distribution throughout the year. While the post-harvest shelf-life for oranges is shorter than that for apples, there is a much wider harvest window, allowing for greater on-tree control over when the fruit comes to market. Looking Ahead: Policy Issues That May Alter Future Seasonal Price Patterns Several prevalent policy issues are likely to influence how seasonal price behavior in fresh fruit markets will evolve in the future. Market and policy changes in immigration and labor, food safety, diet and health, growth in organic markets, and the sustainability and growth of local and regional food systems will alter available fresh fruit supplies and needs in the United States. Immigration reform has the potential to significantly affect U.S. crop agriculture, as more than half of the hired workers in this sector are believed to be unauthorized immigrants (Calvin and Martin, 2010). Lack of farm labor to maintain and harvest crops is an increasing concern among U.S. fruit growers—labor is the leading expense item for fruit and tree nut growers and is most intensively used in fresh-market production (Perez and Ali, 2009). Further constraints on labor availability or significantly increased costs could reduce the production of some fruit crops, potentially encouraging those markets to further rely on imports and expand supply sources beyond those already established. In addition to the food safety systems individual producers already have in place, the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) was enacted in January 2011 to ensure the safety of the U.S. food supply by shifting the focus of Federal regulators from outbreak response to prevention. FSMA is composed of a number of rules implementing mandatory microbial food safety practices for produce growers and handlers. The rules establish science-based minimum standards for the safe production and harvesting of fruits and vegetables that are raw agricultural commodities where the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined such standards will minimize the risk of serious adverse health consequences or death. As the rules continue to be released and implemented, compliance has the potential to shift both supply regions and demand for fresh produce commodities. Several high-profile outbreaks of food-borne illness have been associated with fresh produce since the mid-1990s. Market reaction to these outbreaks varies by the characteristics of the commodity and by the information that consumers receive, but it can include random price spikes or shifts among commodities purchased (Arnade et al., 2009). Increased awareness of the growing obesity problem in the United States has strengthened the emphasis on diet and health in policymaking. Some U.S. fruit industries are promoting the benefits of healthy eating and nutrition associated with their products, hoping to stimulate increased consumption of U.S. fruit both here and abroad. Similar to food safety initiatives, efforts to improve diet quality have the potential to boost demand in fresh fruit markets and yield further expansion in domestic production, imports, and exports, with the possibility of further shifts in supply and demand regions with the associated adjustments in price. Organic retail sales have spread far beyond the natural products market niche and into mainstream retail venues (Green et al., 2009). In trying to keep pace with growing consumer demand, organic production has expanded rapidly in the United States since the late 1990s. Fresh produce is still the top seller in the organic retail food sales category (Greene, 2014), commanding a price premium over conventionally produced counterparts. As USDA continues to expand programs and services for organic producers and handlers, increased participation in the organic market could alter supply conditions in the fresh produce sector, signaling potential adjustments in price. Increased Federal funding in the 2014 Farm Act for economic data collection efforts in the organic sector will facilitate further investigation of price adjustments in this market as more market data become available. Local foods are a small but growing segment of U.S. agriculture (Martinez, 2010). The 2014 Farm Act provides appropriations for both specialty crops and local/regional food initiatives to promote development of local and regional food systems. While the diffusion of wide-scale commercial fruit production into more States and regions seems implausible, surges in local production and sourcing, and consumer shifts to the consumption of more seasonal foods, may affect seasonal price patterns. Seasonal prices might be exacerbated in local markets with preference-based supply limitations. As more data become available on local foods, there will be opportunities to assess the influence of local and regional food markets on seasonal price patterns across U.S. fresh fruit markets. Anonymous. 1958. “Some Economic Aspects of Fruit Marketing: With Special Reference to Seasonal Price Patterns,” *Review of Marketing and Agricultural Economics* 26(02):81-97, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society. http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/handle/8916 (accessed March 2014). Arnade, C., D. Pick, and M. Gehlhar. 2005. “Testing and Incorporating Seasonal Structures Into Demand Models for Fruit,” *Agricultural Economics* 33(Supplement s3):527-32. Arnade, C., L. Calvin, and F. Kuchler. 2009. “Consumer Response to a Food Safety Shock: The 2006 Food-Borne Illness Outbreak of *E.Coli* O157:H7 Linked to Spinach,” *Review of Agricultural Economics* 31(4):734-50. Belrose, Inc. 2004. *World Apple Review, 9th Annual Edition*, Pullman, WA. Boriss, H., H. Brunke, and M. Kreith. 2011. *Grapes Profile*, Agricultural Marketing Resource Center, Iowa State University. http://www.agmrc.org/commodities__products/fruits/grapes_profile.cfm (accessed February 2013). Brown, S., and K. Maloney. 2013. “An Update on Apple Cultivars, Brands and Club-Marketing,” *New York Fruit Quarterly* 21(1):3-10. http://www.nyshs.org/pdf/-NYFQ%202013.CMC/NYFQ%20SPRING%202013.CMC/1.An%20Update%20on%20Apple%20Cultivars,%20Brands%20and%20Club-Marketing.pdf (accessed February 2013). Buxton, B. 1988. “Seasonal Farm Price Patterns for Selected U.S. Fruit Crops,” *Fruit and Tree Nuts Situation and Outlook Yearbook*, TFS-246, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. California Department of Food and Agriculture, California Agricultural Statistics Service. 2012. *2012 California Citrus Acreage Report*, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/Fruits_and_Nuts/201408citac.pdf (accessed February 2013). Calvin, L., and P. Martin. 2010. *The U.S. Produce Industry and Labor: Facing the Future in a Global Economy*, ERR-106, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err-economic-research-report/err106.aspx#.U_ULj8VdVyw (accessed February 2013). Canova, F., and B.E. Hansen. 1995. “Are Seasonal Patterns Constant over Time? A Test for Seasonal Stability,” *Journal of Business and Economic Statistics* 13(3):237-52. http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~bhansen/papers/jbes_95.pdf (accessed November 2013). Carew, R., W. Florkowski, and E. Smith. 2012. “Hedonic Analysis of Apple Attributes in Metropolitan Markets of Western Canada,” *Agribusiness: An International Journal* 28(3):293-309. Chandler, C. 2003. *New Plants for Florida: Strawberry*, Circular 1440, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Dieci, R., and F. Westerhoff. 2010. “Interacting Cobweb Markets,” *Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization* 75(3):461-81. Greene, C. 2014. *Organic Market Overview*, Organic Agriculture Topic Page, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. http://ers.usda.gov/topics/natural-resources-environment/organic-agriculture/organic-market-overview.aspx#.U86scZRdVyw (accessed July 2014). Greene, C., C. Dimitri, B.H. Lin, W. McBride, L. Oberholtzer, and T. Smith. 2009. *Emerging Issues in the U.S. Organic Industry*, EIB-55, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib-economic-information-bulletin/eib55.aspx#.U_UKhMVdVyw (accessed March 2014). Han, F. M., C. A. Carter, and R. E. Goodhue. 1999. *Seasonal Prices and Supply-Side Adjustments in the California Strawberry Industry UPDATE* 2(3):1-2, 8-10, Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California-Davis. http://giannini.ucop.edu/are-update/2/3/seasonal-prices-and-suppl/ (accessed February 2013). Houck, J.P. 1974. “Seasonal Behavior of Minnesota Farm Prices,” *Minnesota Agricultural Economist* 561, Agricultural Extension Service, University of Minnesota. Huang, S., and K. Huang. 2012. “Marketing Effects of U.S. Fresh Produce Imports,” *Journal of Agribusiness* 30(1):53-68. Huang, S. 2013. *Imports Contribute to Year-Round Fresh Fruit Availability*, FTS-356-01, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/fts-fruit-and-tree-nuts-outlook/fts-356-01.aspx#.U_UJCMVdVyw (accessed November 2013). Jacobs, J. A. 1994. *Cooperatives in the U.S.-Citrus Industry*, Research Report 137, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rural Business and Cooperative Development Service. http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/supportdocuments/rr137.pdf (accessed February 2013). Johnston, W. E., and A. F. McCalla. 2004. *Whither California Agriculture: Up, Down, or Out? Some Thoughts about the Future*, Giannini Foundation Special Report 04–1. http://giannini.ucop.edu/calag.htm (accessed February 2013). Kuchment, A. 2013. “The End of Orange Juice,” *Scientific American* 308(3):52-9. Ladaniya, M. 2008. *Citrus Fruit: Biology, Technology and Evaluation, First Edition*, Academic Press (Elsevier): San Diego, CA. Martinez, S. 2010. “Varied Interests Drive Growing Popularity of Local Foods,” *Amber Waves*, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2010-december/varied-interests-drive-growing-popularity-of-local-foods.aspx#.U_UHRcVdVyw (accessed March 2014). Perez, A., and M. Ali. 2009. *Specialized U.S. Fruit and Tree Nut Farm Production Expenses*, FTS-337-01, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. www.ers.usda.gov/media/157713/fts33701_l.pdf (accessed February 2013). Raper, K.C., S. Thornsbury, and C. Aquilar. 2009. “Regional Wholesale Price Relationships in the Presence of Counter-Seasonal Imports,” *Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics* Rosen, S., K.M. Murphy, and J.A. Scheinkman. 1994. “Cattle Cycles,” *The Journal of Political Economy* 102(3):468-92. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2138619 (accessed February 2013). Schotzko, R.T., and D. Granatstein. 2004. *A Brief Look At The Washington Apple Industry: Past and Present*, SES 04-05, School of Economic Sciences, College of Human and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University. http://www.agribusiness-mgmt.wsu.edu/AgbusResearch/docs/SES04-05_BRIEF_LOOK_WAFTA.pdf (accessed November 2013). Tomek, W. G., and K. L. Robinson. 2003. *Agricultural Product Prices 4th Edition*. Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service [AMS]. 1961. *Seasonal Variation in Farm Food Prices and Price Spreads*, Miscellaneous Publication No. 840, Marketing Economics Research Division. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service. 1980-2012. *Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Shipments by Commodities, States and Months, Annual Report*. http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do?template=TemplateN&page=FVMarketNewsMovementReports (accessed March 2014). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service. 2004. *Agricultural Export Transportation Handbook 700*. http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELDEV3009368 (accessed April 2014). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service [ERS]. 2013. *Fruit and Tree Nuts Yearbook Tables*. http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/fruit-and-tree-nut-data/yearbook-tables.aspx (accessed March 2014). U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service [NASS]. 1979-2013. *Agricultural Prices*. http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1002 (accessed March 2014). U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2007. *Agriculture Census 2007*. http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Full_Report/index.asp (accessed February 2013). U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. 1979-2013. *Citrus Fruits*. http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1031 (accessed March 2014). U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. 1980-2013. *Cold Storage Annual*. http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1416 (accessed March 2014). U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Washington Field Office. 2011. *Washington Tree Fruit Acreage Report 2011*. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Washington/Publications/Fruit/FruitTreeInventory2011.pdf (accessed February 2013). U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Washington Field Office. 2006. *Washington Fruit Survey 2006*. http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Washington/Publications/Fruit/FruitTreeInventory2006.pdf (accessed March 2014). U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau. 2014. U.S. International Trade Data. http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/data/index.html (accessed March 2014). U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2013. Producer Price Index Data. http://www.bls.gov/ppi/ (accessed March 2014). U.S. International Trade Commission [ITC]. 2006. *Conditions of Competition for Certain Oranges and Lemons in the U.S. Fresh Market*, Investigation No. 332-469, USITC Publication 3863. http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/pub3863.pdf (accessed February 2013). Woods, M., S. Thornsbury, K. C. Raper, and R. Weldon. 2006. “Regional Trade Patterns: The Impact of Voluntary Food Safety Standards,” *Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics* 54(4):531–53. First, calculate a centered moving average for each month. In our example, the \[ \text{February 1988 Nominal Monthly Grower Price} = 76.3 \text{ cents/pound} \] \[ \text{Centered Moving Average} = \left( \frac{12 \text{ month grower price sum}}{\text{number of observations within 12 months sum}} \right) \] \[ \left( \frac{68.1 + 116 + 146 + 130 + 80 + 76.3 + 58.8 + 40.9 + 49.9 + 45.4 + 50.4 + 55}{12} \right) = 76.4 \] \[ = \text{February 1988 Centered Moving Average Price} \] Values used in the calculation roll forward every month. For example, the centered moving average for March 1988 will include prices reported from October 1987 through September 1988. When fewer than 12 consecutive months of prices are reported, the number of values included in the calculation is reduced. For example, peach prices are only reported for 5 months a year so the 12-month grower price sum is divided by 5; the other months are non-observation months and have been left blank. The index is created by dividing the monthly nominal grower price by the corresponding centered moving average and multiplying by 100: \[ \text{Monthly Price Index} = \left( \frac{\text{Nominal Monthly Grower Price}}{\text{Centered Moving Average}} \right) \times 100 \] In our example, \[ \left( \frac{76.3}{76.4} \right) \times 100 = 99.9 = \text{February 1988 Monthly Fresh Strawberry Price Index} \]

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Center Address 100 Briarwood Cir Ann Arbor, MI 481081602 Regular Center Hours Phone Numbers Monday to Saturday 10:00am 9:00pm Sunday 11:00am 6:00pm Mall Office: (734) 7699610 Shopping Line: (734) 7619550 Mall Security: (734) 7619550 Special Hours: 07/04/2016: 10:00am 6:00pm (4th of July) Store Directory Store Name A Abercrombie & Fitch Aeropostale Aldo Shoes Ann Taylor Apple Computer Art Is In Market ATHLETA | (734) 3323451 | MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p | H&M/Pole 21 | |---|---|---| | (734) 3024323 | MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) | LensCrafters/Pole 23 | | (734) 3320253 | MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p | MCSports/Pole 31 | | (734) 7616176 | MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p | CPK/Pole 57 | | (734) 7410270 | MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p | CPK/Pole 57 | | (734) 7802471 | MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p | Panda Express/Pole 49 | | (734) 7696550 | MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) | Macy's parking lot. | | (734) 9943692 | MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) | H&M/Pole 21 | Website shopbriarwood.com B babyGap Now Open! (734) 9445523 MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) Von Maur/Lenscrafters entrance Located near Von Maur next to Champs Banana Republic Best Buy Mobile Body Arts Body Shop, The Boost Mobile Now Open! Brow Art 23 Buckle, The C Cellairis Champs Sports Chico's Chipotle Mexican Grill (734) 7940600 MonSat 11a10p, Sun 11a8p CPK/Pole 57 Located in the North Sears Corridor across from California Pizza Kitchen. Cinnabon Coach D Dead Sea Spa Now Open! Dry Goods E Eddie Bauer Ed's Luggage Egyptian Comfort Now Open! Express Express Men EYEQuity Located in the jcpenney wing next to Aldo F Fast Repair Now Open! Foot Locker Forever 21 FOSSIL Foxy Nails Freshii G Gap GapKids GNC Godiva Chocolatier Gold 'N' Gems Gymboree H H&M Hot Topic MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) (734) 9968003 Sears mall entrances (north or south) Located in the Sears wing near American Eagle Icing by Claire's (734) 9944905 MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p Panda Express/Pole 49 Located in the jcpenney wing next to Payless ShoeSource. J J.Crew JCPenney JCPenney Optical Journeys Journeys Kidz Justice Justola Now Open! K Kay Jewelers L LensCrafters Lids L'Occitane LOFT Lush Fresh Handmade Cosmetics (734) 7616285 MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th Located near Center Court next to Yankee of July) Macy's entrances Candle. M M Den Macy*s Deli MasterCuts MC Sports Michael Kors Monaco Jewelers N O Olga's Kitchen Oriental Chi P PacSun (734) 7695440 MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p Von Maur Located in the Von Maur Wing, across from GAP Pandora Papyrus Pearle Vision Perfumania Engraving PINK Now Open! Pinkberry Pottery Barn R Red Robin Regis Salons S Sears Sears Optical Sephora Silver Point SoHo Soma Intimates Spencer Gifts Sprint Starbucks Surf City Squeeze Swarovski Crystal T Talbots Tatsu Sushi Teavana (734) 9983900 (734) 7698918 MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) Sears Sears Department Store Inside of Sears Things Remembered Ticketmaster (734) 6653869 (734) 7699610 MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p JCPenney jcpenney corridor next to Sprint MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th TMobile Town Cobbler Tricho Salon & Spa V Vera Bradley Verizon Wireless Victoria's Secret VILLA Von Maur W Wet Seal Wetzel's Pretzels WilliamsSonoma Windsor Y Von Maur wing, at the Guest Services booth LensCrafters/Pole 23 Z Zumiez Yankee Candle (734) 7613265 MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) Macy's entrances Center Court, next to Lush Cosmetics MonSat 10a9p, Sun 11a6p, Mon 10a6p (4th of July) Best entrance/parking is near Von Maur. Down the Von Maur Wing next to Teavana.

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PEACE LUTHERAN PRESCHOOL 2024 – 2025 Preschool Enrollment Form Blue Bird & Cardinal Classrooms Child's full name: _______________________________________ Today's date: __________________________ Child's name to be used at Peace Preschool (if different): _____________________________________________ Date of birth: __________________________________ Child's gender: ________________________________ Mother/Father/Guardian (circle one) name: _______________________________________________________ Cell phone: ___________________________________ Home phone: _________________________________ Home address: _______________________________________________________________Waunakee, 53597 Employer: __________________________________ Work phone: _____________________________________ Mother/Father/Guardian (circle one) name: _______________________________________________________ Cell phone: __________________________________ Home phone: __________________________________ Home address (if different): ___________________________________________________________________ Employer:____________________________________ Work phone: __________________________________ Please list the email address you would like all office correspondence sent to: _____________________________________________________________ Thank you for answering the following questions. Your input will help ensure your child is in the class that best meets his / her needs. _____ I plan to send my child to 4K fall 2025. _____ I am unsure about sending my child to 4K fall 2025. _____ I want my child to participate in preschool 2 years. Has your child attended preschool / or child care in the past? _________________________________________ How do you think your child will react to being dropped off at school the first week? ________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Is the child you plan to enroll the oldest, middle, youngest, only child? ____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ If your child has siblings, brothers? Sisters? What are their ages? _______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Please describe your child's personality and temperament: ____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ What are three things your child is really good at? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Do you have any concerns about your child's development? If so, please describe your concerns or questions. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ What are three things you would like your child to work on / learn in preschool? ___________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ What are you looking for to make preschool a great experience for your child and family? ______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Is your child potty trained? ____________________________ Is there anything special we should know about prior to your child's first day of preschool? _____________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for taking the time to share information! PROGRAMMING OPTIONS FOR PRESCHOOLERS Please refer to the Enrollment Options & Prices document for additional information. 1. EARLY MORNING DROP OFF: 7:30 a.m. - 7:55 a.m. Monday through Friday. Please circle your preferred schedule: M T W Th F 2. BLUEBIRD CLASS: 8 - 11 A.M. Classes are offered Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursdays. Although we currently limited the class to 3 days per week, we are interested in the number of families that would be interested in enrolling Monday through Friday if that schedule became available. Please check if you would be interested in 5 days ______. _____ Tuesday & Thursday _____ Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday 3. CARDINAL CLASS: 8 - 11 a.m. Monday through Friday. _____ Tuesday & Thursday _____ Monday, Wednesday, & Friday _____ Monday through Thursday _____ Monday through Friday 4. LUNCH BUNCH: 11a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Monday through Friday. Please select your preferred schedule: _____ Tuesday & Thursday _____ Monday & Wednesday _____ Monday, Wednesday & Friday _____ Monday through Friday 5. AFTERNOON WRAP AROUND: Monday through Thursday 12:00 p.m. until 3:30 p.m. Wrap Around care is not available on Fridays. Friday programming ends at noon. M T W Th Enrollment and class schedules are established on a first come first serve basis. Class options are contingent on enrollment and staff availability. Peace Lutheran Preschool is an inclusive community. No child, family or staff member will be discriminated against on the basis of race, sex, ethnic or national origin, language, religion, age, sexual orientation, marital status, pregnancy, disability or because of any status protected by federal or state law. SCHOLARSHIPS ARE AVAIALABLE. If your family would like to enroll in Peace Lutheran Preschool but cost is prohibitive, please speak with the director. Peace Lutheran Preschool is a Christian Preschool. Children enrolled in the Blue Bird, Cardinal, Faith Formation, Lunch Bunch and Afternoon Wrap Around class will experience faith-based lessons throughout their day. Families do not need to be Lutheran, nor be members of Peace Lutheran Church to enroll and benefit from their participation in Peace Preschool's programs. Feel free to contact Suzanne, Heidi or Sandra if you have any additional questions Or if you would like a enrollment schedule within the Preschool's hours of operation that is not listed. How did you learn about Peace Lutheran Preschool? _______________________________________________ Thank you for choosing Peace Lutheran Preschool. We will do our absolute best to provide your child and family with a wonderful preschool experience!

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95, Evlogi Georgiev blvd. 1142 Sofia phone: (+359 2) 9876363 www.bcra-bg.com „Global Consulting" OOD Vesela Velichkova, Lead Financial Analyst [email protected] | CREDIT RATING* | |---| | Long-term credit rating: | | Outlook: | | Short-term credit rating: | | National-scale long-term credit rating: | | Outlook: | | National-scale short-term rating: | * To become familiar with full rating history, please, see the chart at the bottom of the document ** The assigned „negative" outlook is not a result of deterioration of the indicators of „Global Consulting" ООD, and it is а consequence of the applied ceiling of the rating which is determined by the sovereign rating and outlook (as of the time of review the rating assigned by BCRA to the Republic of Bulgaria is long-term rating: BBB-(ns), outlook: „negative", short-term rating: А-3 (ns) – see http://www.bcra-bg.com/files/rating_287.pdf). BCRA - Credit Rating Agency (BCRA) is the third qualified rating agency in EU, registered under Regulation 1060/2009 of the European Parliament and of the European Council. The credit ratings, assigned by BCRA, are recognized in the whole EU and are entirely equal with the other ratings, recognized by European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), without any territorial or other restrictions. The officially adopted methodology for assigning a corporate credit rating is in use by BCRA (http://www.bcrabg.com/files/file_103.pdf), approved and entered into force on 06.07.2016. The update of the methodology is made with the aim of making precise the rating of the assigned entities, as it could be supplemented through assigning a national-scale credit rating in Bulgaria which will improve additionally the possibility of comparison between the entities that BCRA rates in the country. This possibility is especially beneficial in countries whose credit rating is relatively low, as far as this rating serves as a rating ceiling which reduces the possibility to differentiate the profitability of individual entities. Summary of the Minutes of the Rating Committee: The members of the Rating Committee discussed the influence of the changes in the rating methodology on the ratings assigned to „Global Consulting" ООD, taking into consideration the individual risk profile of the company. Also, the changes in the financial condition of the company in 2015 and nine-month period of 2016 were considered. It was specified that during the updated period the volume of the company's activity continued to reduce and in 2015 the net income from sales decreased by 42.9% compared to the past year, and in the nine-month period of 2016 the decline amounted to 26.4% year on year. As positive factors were given markedly low leverage of „Global Consulting" ООD and extremely high liquidity it maintains. Based on the above said the members of the Rating Committee took a decision to suspend the status "Under review" of the company's rating and to assign the following ratings: - Long-term rating: BBВ-, outlook: „negative", short-term rating: А-3; - National-scale long-term rating: A+ (BG), outlook: „stable", national-scale short-term rating: A-1+ (BG). To produce the rating, BCRA uses information from the rated company, Bulgarian National Bank, National Statistical Institute, its own database, consultants, etc. Global Consulting OOD Long-term credit rating: ВВВ- (outlook: negative) Short-term credit rating: A-3 National-scale long-term credit rating: А+ (outlook: stable) National-scale short-term rating: А-1+ January 2017 95, Evlogi Georgiev Blvd., fl. 1 Sofia 1142 phone: (+359-2) 987 6363 www.bcra-bg.com Main financial indicators: | Indicator (thousand BGN) | Sept 16 | Sept 15 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | Assets | 6484 | 9397 | 7037 | 8677 | 7816 | | Income from Sales | 1664 2261 | | | | | | Net Financial Result | 64 | 631 | 52 | 53 | 535 | | Net Profitability | 3.85% 9.38% | | | | | | Current Liquidity | 37.67 | 10.26 | 70.67 | 18.26 | 19.59 | | Quick Liquidity | 34.20 8.68 | | | | | | Leverage | 0.05 | 0.26 | 0.11 | 0.26 | 0.08 | *Rating History: The ratings displayed in the chart are assigned under the previous Methodology for rating of the ability of insurance companies to pay claims, respectively with the applied rating scale and are not directly comparable with the ratings assigned after the entry into force of the current methodology on 04.07.2016. | | Update 18.10.2010 | Update 31.10.2011 | Update 06.11.2012 | Update 23.10.2013 | Update 22.01.2015 | Update 03.02.2016 | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | CREDIT RATING | ВВВ+ stable А-2 | A- stable А-1 | A- stable А-1 | A- stable А-1 | A- stable А-1 | ВВВ+ stable А-2 | | Long-term rating : | | | | | | | | Outlook : | | | | | | | | Short-term rating : | | | | | | |

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Part 1 Daniel Chapter 1 Chapters 1 – 4 Daniel under Nebuchadnezzar Chapters 1 – 6 Six 6 Stories about Daniel that demonstrate his WISDOM in living under a hostile government. Their Faith in God under death threating conditions Part 2 Chapters 2 6-12 Different visions God gave to Daniel. These visions give the future of the Jewish people and their domination by different Gentile Kingdoms in History. Character of Daniel and his deportation: How would you be under deportation? How will you be as America changes? Personal History of the Prophet Daniel 1:1-21 WISDOM of FAITH As we are going to see, when you live by Faith, Faith will direct decisions you make in your life. Daniel 1:1-2 Historical setting; God uses historical events to move us where He desires us to be: Chaldean invasion-beginning of Judah's Exile: Captivity of Jerusalem Daniel 1:1 " In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to Jerusalem and besieged it." 605 bc vs1 "In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah" Jehoiakim Jehoiakim reigned began 609 bc to 606 bc; He was the 18 th king of the Southern Kingdom. Jehoiakim means Jehovah has set up; Jehovah raises up; his name was Eliakim "whom God has established"; --both names refer to fact that God has raised him up under judgment. He was made king of Judah in place of his father by Pharaoh-NecoKing of Egypt. Nebuchadnezzar pursued Pharaoh- Neco and defeated him at Carchemish, and upon his return to Babylon captured Jerusalem, taking sacred articles from the Temple of the Lord and carrying them to the idolatrous temple of Bel in Babylon. 2 Chronicles 36:6-7 He left Jehoiakim as a vassal king 2 Kings 24:1 and Jeremiah 25:1 You will recall from last week's reading that he was enemy of Jeremiah and actually destroyed the scroll, written by Jeremiah from the Lord. He rejected the Word of God and rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar and ran to Egypt for help. 2 Kings 24:1 "In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and Jehoiakim became his servant for three years; then he turned and rebelled against him." Jehoiakim came to a violent end as prophesied, and his body was thrown over the wall, perhaps to show the enemy that he was dead. It was afterward taken away and given an dishonorable burial in 597 bc. Jeremiah 22:18-19; 36:30 and 2 Kings 24:3 Notes abstracted from Merrill Unger's New Bible Dictionary This was during the 1 st deportation of Jews to Babylon in 605 bc 2 nd was in 598 bc when Ezekiel was taken to Babylon 3 rd deportation was in 586 bc, which marks the beginning of 70 years captivity Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to Jerusalem & besieged it First let's look at his name … It comes from the ancient god was the lord of brightness; the original fire; Nebo of planet Mercury. He was regarded as the chief protector; Nebo and he was powerful in ancient Chaldean society; The name Nebuchadnezzar means may Nobo protect. We have done a great deal of study of NEAM gods; Satan copied the meaning of the true God and gave it to gods of myths. 1a. in 625 Nebuchadnezzar united the 5 clans of the Chaldeans and took control of Babylon 1b. 612 Nebuchadnezzar was challenged by and defeated the great Assyrian Empire 1c. 606 Egypt challenged Nebuchadnezzar and was defeated at Carchemish 1d. he co-ruled with his father Nebopolasser and while pursuing Pharaoh Necho that he received news that his father had died, and it was while Nebuchadnezzar was in pursuit of Pharaoh 605 bc vs2 "And the Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand…" As Nebuchadnezzar passed he saw Jerusalem and remembered a story about the wealth of this city of Jerusalem and 1) besieged it 2) surrounded it and 3) demanded its surrender . . . which they did Note The Sovereignty of God, the True God is active in history of Judah -- and all nations! "…along with some of the vessels of the house of God;…" God of Judah "…& he brought them to the land of Shinar,…" Shinar introduces the Spiritual Warfare between God & Satan. Notice two words, Shinar in verse 2 and Babylon in verse 1. The Holy Spirit uses these words in order to draw attention to the fundamental battle between man and God. First, in verse 1 Babylon in the English is incorrect, in the Hebrew text it is Babel. Babel is used in Genesis 10:10 and 11:9; Shinar is used in Genesis 10:10 and 11:2. So to grasp the significance of Babel and Shinar, turn there. This is an extremely significant place on the earth. The poles of conflict on the earth are Jerusalem versus Babylon. Both are primary centers on earth in Genesis and in Revelation. Genesis 10:11 "From that land he went forth into Assyria, and built Nineveh and Rehoboth-ir and Calah," Nineveh was a late building of Nimrod, Shinar came first. 10:8 "Now Cush became the father of Nimrod; he became a mighty one on the earth." 10:9 "He was a mighty hunter before the LORD; therefore it is said, "Like Nimrod a mighty hunter before the LORD." 10:10 "And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel and Erech and Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar." Shinar means two rivers or wholly severed, divided mind; Shinar is the country through which the rivers Tigris and Euphrates flow. Nimrod is the first king over a kingdom that the Bible records in history. This represents the kingdom of man. From this we see the development of man against God throughout Scripture. From this point Babel represents paganism, the best, the highest, the greatest of human intellect, culture, the best of the wisdom of man. The most powerful expression of everything antithetical to God's plan for mankind and for history. T he roots of anti-Christianity began at Babel with the first attempt to form a one world government. Genesis 11:2 "And it came about as they journeyed east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there." 11:3 "And they said to one another, "Come, let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly. And they used brick for stone, and they used tar for mortar." 11:4 "And they said,"Come, let us build for ourselves a city, and a tower whose top will reach into heaven, and let us make for ourselves a name; lest we be scattered abroad over the face of the whole earth." The Tower of Babel was to act as an insurance policy to protect the people from another flood. Josephus records that Nimrod convinced the people that this would protect them from the judgment of God in history. It was designed to escape divine judgment of the people from another flood. Here is the wisdom of man trying to escape the judgments of God. Mankind is always looking for SOME SYSTEM, SOME PROGRAM, SOME POWER that will protect him from the intrusion of God in the decisions of everyday life, in ethics, morality, politics and the affairs of man. Man desires to do whatever he wishes without threat of divine retribution. But God laughs at the rebellion of man. Genesis 11:5 "And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower which the sons of men had built." 11:6 "And the LORD said, "Behold they are one people, and they all have the same language. And this is what they began to do and now nothing which they purpose to do will be impossible for them" 11:7 "Come, let Us go down and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another's speech." If you want to define ever changing events in human history this is one of them. From this point on the human race is fragmented, races, colors, languages etc. It destroyed man's ability to communicate and to think alike. All through history man will try to produce a perfect Kingdom on earth without God, apart from God. This will be brought out in Daniel 2, with the prophesy of Gentile nations through what remains of human history. Again and again fragmented Babel tries to assert itself and reestablish man's objectives without God. The Kingdom of God is always countered by Kingdom of Satan, which is Kingdom of Darkness put forth in mankind 2a. Man always strives to reestablish the goals of Babel. Every great political leader has tried to do this. Why? Man wants an autonomous destiny. A nation independent of God and free from divine interference. Man continuously tries to establish his social, intellectual, political existence independent of God and free from the authority of His Word. ( USA today ) 2b. This striving is so powerful today: The United Nations with its Agenda 21; Muslims goal of a Muslim world; Mormons have their goal of ruling the world, the Roman church has its goal of RCC world. Christianity has no such goal, it is individual salvation and individuals living their lives as unto the Lord. (Peter's drawn sword) 2c. Formation: always by conquest, by force. Nimrod sets the pattern. It is not based on consent by the individual, but compelled through force. So force, deception, lies, power politics goes along with this nation without God. Kingdom of Man. Always by enslavement of the individual. State is almighty. (in USA—must disarm America) 2d. Morality is always subjective; the state determines what is right and wrong. Majority dictatorship or dictatorship by the one or the few. Never determined by Word of God. So the bible must be eliminated TAKEN OUT of education, TAKEN OUT of Jurisprudence and for all practical purposes TAKEN OUT of the churches. 2e. Control the whole world. United Nation's Agenda 21 is for the whole world. Muslim control is of the whole world. This by increase increasing state power. The State substitutes itself for divine control The State seeks to provide a perfect world, the state will provide all man needs from the womb to the grave. It will solve all man's problems by force, by drugs, by education. Daniel 1:2 "…to the house of his god, and he brought the vessels of the Lord God into the treasury of his god. " Look at 5:3 " Then they brought the gold vessels that had been taken out of the temple, the house of God which was in Jerusalem; and the king and his nobles, his wives and his concubines drank from them." This is Satan's desire to bring the treasures of God into his Kingdom. And what are the treasures of God? You every believer Fulfillment of the Word of God; Daniel in 1:1-2 records the fulfillment of the prophesy given by Isaiah – temple vessels taken to Babylon. Isaiah 39:5-7 Verse 5 Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah, "Hear the word of the LORD of hosts, Verse 6 'Behold, the days are coming when all that is in your house and all that your fathers have laid up in store to this day will be carried to Babylon; nothing will be left,' says the LORD. Verse 7 'And some of your sons who will issue from you, whom you will beget, will be taken away, and they will become officials in the palace of the king of Babylon.'" Daniel Chapter 1 Verses 3 – 7 Daniel 3-7 Selection of those taken into captivity and preparation of the four great young men of history. Nebuchadnezzar is an excellent example of how Satan is trying to bring in the Kingdom to counter God, while Daniel gives the wisdom on how the believer is to live in such a man-centered society. Verse 3 "Then the king ordered Ashpenaz, the chief of his officials, to bring in some of the sons of Israel, 12-15 years, including some of the royal family and of the nobles, of Judah." Ashpenaz Persian name: horses nose—(don't know why parents named him horses nose!) The chief of his officials, he was a prince, but not in line of Kingship King James the master of his eunuchs New International Version chief of his court officials The Hebrew word sariys does not mean 'eunuch". it means court official, from the Assyrian meaning… one who is head or chief. It came to be used for eunuchs because often this person was castrated for two reasons: st 1 to protect the harem; 2 nd focus on their responsibilities and on securing positions for their offsprings. The word is used of Potiphar in Genesis 37:6, who was married so it does not in itself refer to one who is emasculated. Some like to think that Daniel and his 3 friends were castrated, but there is no biblical or historical documented proof and is highly doubted due to the 'no defect' criterion. "To bring in some of the sons of Israel, 12-15 years, including some of the royal family and of the nobles, of the royal family of kings of Judah." Fulfillment of the Prophesy of Isaiah to Hezekiah Isa. 39:7. This was prophesied some 200 years earlier, so Daniel was familiar with this prophesy, and like Mary, knew what was going on. (This is a historical importance of parents teaching children the Word of God) Plato tells us that age 14 was the standard age for Persian training. Selection profile: And you will note emphasis on outer beauty and inner strength . We could spend hours on verse 4 alone, but let us the note essentials Course of study— Verse 4 "youths in whom was no physical defect, who were good-looking, showing intelligence." The Hiphil is used to indicate that these youths were caused to understand things, they had the ability to learn in every branch of wisdom, Math, science, astrology, and history. They were ENDOWED WITH UNDERSTANDING, on how things worked or (function) this means to think critically and DISCERNING KNOWLEDGE; to Observe-to pay attention to everything; to understand in the causative sense; the ability to learn and apply what they learned; to think critically in many areas; to reason through a complex arrangement of ideals to solve problems in a wise manner… This is where math is so vital to young people's ability to think. "Information is not Knowledge & Knowledge is not Wisdom" This is where 1 Corinthians 1-4, it is so vital to one's ability to think from a Divine perspective. And who had ability for serving in the king's court; Servants attitude; the heart of a servant; poise, leadership, & awareness and he ordered him to teach them the literature and language of the Chaldeans. Now we come to heart of brainwashing! To teach is one of the many Piels in chapter one; this refers to intense teaching and study; learning a great deal in a short time; no time off to watch TV or i-pads or hang out etc.. intense, strict learning. To teach them the literature Babylonian philosophy, rel. writings; Learn Chaldean and learn it quickly (no Rosetta course;) You have to have a good ear to hear and repeat; it means not just to learn a language but to be able to think in that language. Think, speak & act like a Chaldean They learned Chaldean by reading and learning Chaldean philosophy and religion and astrology. Why deportation & Chaldean brainwashing? 1) control the puppet king and people left behind. 2) In this way he could consolidate his kingdom—Egypt, Tyre, etc 3) build a strong governing staff, with the best men around him. (RR) Here we see how education is always at the heart of brainwashing. Change history to fit your brainwashing objective. Take these young men away from their heritage, from their country, from the foundation of their faith. Remove them from Israel & the God of Israel. We have and are seeing this in America today. While they cannot take us away from our history, they seek to take our history away from our children. They are re-writing and developing foreign interpretations of our own history. The goal of one world government did not end with Nimrod at Babel but continues tight up to history today, and will continue through the Tribulation. This is what Hitler tried to do, this is what the Communist are trying to do today; and the Muslims today. By the way for your historical and biblical frame of reference this also happened to Joseph and Moses, both into Egyptian cultures. Their provisions Verse 5 "And the king appointed for them a daily ration" appointed is in the Piel—intense- Nebuchadnezzar is in control and overseeing every detail: these are no ordinary prisoners! from the king's choice food and from the wine which he drank, they were to have the best food; the wine best of its day; only there is one problem: much of this food was unclean to Jews! Which is going to present a problem. Intense education program And "appointed" (another intensive Piel)—"that they should be educated" (another intensive Piel) "three years," (not 4 yrs with summers off; the Piel-- crash program; & time to see if they had an diseases & time to see if they could learn & think under pressure.) "At the end of which they were to enter the king's personal service." 3 year graduate study When a government pays all your bills, you owe that government. Now history closes in on 4 young men taken captive Name change –identity in your name! Everything he is doing is designed to change these young men from Judaism to Chaldean! And he knew that Jewish names often carried Spiritual meanings… their names had to be changed. Just studying verses 6-7 could take several hours… 6 "Now among them from the sons of Judah (some from the line of David) were Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael & Azariah." These young men were named and brought up by Godly parents 7 "Then the commander of the officials assigned new names to them; and to Daniel he assigned the name Belteshazzar, to Hananiah Shadrach, to Mishael Meshach, & to Azariah Abed-nego. It is interesting how through the Church Age their Babylonian names are well remembered but not their Jewish names! Principle The Babylonians goal was to destroy who they were and to brainwash them through education and identification. How to overcome brainwashing (public schools) Daniel Chapters 8 thru 16 Chapters 8-16 Faithfulness of Daniel Daniel's stand; Loyalty to Jehovah, No compromise; Wisdom on how to live in an anti-Christ society and yet Maintain your Walk in the Wisdom of God. At 15 these young men understood what many adults do not understand commitment! Verse 8 "But Daniel made up his mind" The battle is in the mind Daniel assessed all that was going on and made a decision in his mind. Each of us must make up our minds about Jesus Christ, The Word of God and The Holy Spirit; When you make up your mind, it should direct your actions and future thoughts. This means he made a decision and no matter the cost, no matter if it meant his life, he made up his mind as to what he was going to do. "that he would not defile himself with the king's choice food or with the wine which he drank;" This is food from the King's table, exactly what he ate. The Problem Among the diet of the King was meat from animals sacrificed to the pagan gods of Babylon: Marduk, Nebo, Ishtar etc. And wine that had first been offered to these gods and goddesses. Therefore, for Daniel and for all Jews to partake of these was an act of disloyalty to God and a violation of the Mosaic Code; Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14:3-21 Therefore, "Daniel made up his mind that he would not defile himself with the King's choice food or with the wine he drank;" Note that even in pagan worship they offered the best, something that many Christians refuse to do today. The next part of the verse reveals the Wisdom of Daniel: pick your battles carefully he did not resist the name change nor did he resist the education curriculum; he makes his stand where it is in direct opposition to the Word of God. Now we see the wisdom on how to take his stand. "so he sought permission from the commander of the officials that he might not defile himself." made up his mind to please God, live or die. Where does The Word of God, Learning Doctrine, fit in your mindset? You will know by your life! This is not a vegetarian passage! It is not so much what he can eat as it is what he cannot eat Note the all importance "that he might not defile himself;" you make up your mind – faithful to God or deny Him or desert Him. Here is a lesson for all of us—even in captivity, he knew he was still under the Sovereignty of God—the Law of God. Where does this come from? Deuteronomy 32:37-39; These foods & drink offered them was a libation to heathen gods The Word of God must come first Deuteronomy 8:3 we must first Know the Word of God by study of it! then Believe the Word of God then Live the Word of God and be ready for whatever the consequences may be Daniel was not going to compromise the Word of God ! Will You? Gal. 5:22-23 "…against such things there is no law" Daniel's responsibility is not to live but to honor W/G and it will be up to God if he lives or dies. So Daniel asked permission not to eat! not to defile no arrogance no rebellion no crusade he asked permission! This teenager was respectful! He did not rebel against the system he went through the system. Note his argument: not on a spiritual or religion or scriptural reasoning, you cannot argue with unbelievers on the basis of Scripture. This is exactly why the Scriptures were first removed from the Judicial system in USA; and from the educational system It cannot serve as a basis of morality, to a people who have rejected it. So we learn from Daniel, we do not fight with our society on moral issues we are not here to enforce biblical morality on the society, our stand is on Jesus Christ and Him crucified and resurrected. But we choose to live by a morality from the Bible, in regards to premarital Sex, Homosexuality-Lesbian Marriage, etc. Our witness is not about these things, our witness is about Jesus Christ and Him Crucified and Resurrected, but we make up our minds about how to live based on the bible. God intervenes Verse 9 "Now God granted Daniel favor and compassion in the sight of the commander of the officials," Again, note Divine intervention Daniel was admired and respected by this official yet he was under Nebuchadnezzar who would have him executed for not obeying. Daniel had a good testimony or witness before this man… does your witness attract others or does it repulse them??? God caused this man to grant Daniel's request. Do you believe that God personally interacts into your life? You should! Our forefathers called this divine providence. Favor and compassion—these flow downward and upward. We could reason that Daniel and his 3 friends earned this, but we are specifically told that God granted this. The official had gained respect and even admiration for these four young men. Verse 10 "and the commander of the officials said to Daniel, I am afraid of my lord the king, (he has rank but lives in fear) who has appointed your food and your drink; (Nebuchadnezzar was in hands on control) for why should he see your faces looking more haggard than the youths who are your own age? (What we eat effects how we look) Then you would make me forfeit my head to the king." Your haggard face may cause me to lose my head! Daniel's solution! Verse 11 "But Daniel said to the overseer whom the commander of the officials had appointed over Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah," Daniel is not disrespectful of the man's dilemma, so he reasons with him on his own human level. Verse 12 "Please test (intensive Piel, Daniel, knows this is intense to him in remaining faithful to His God and it is intense for this official in remaining loyal to his king) your servants (this is how he humbly sees himself before God and now before his captives; he is not afraid to refer to himself as) your servants… for ten days, (10 is the number of Spiritual Warfare and let us be given some vegetables to eat and water to drink." Verse 13 "Then let our appearance be observed in your presence, and the appearance of the youths who are eating the king's choice food; and deal with your servants according to what you see." You make the decision! Officials consent! Verse 14 "So he listened to them (not just Daniel but all 4 of these young men are likeminded—choosing your friends. Remember that God the Holy Spirit is at work inside this chief official.) in this matter & tested them for ten days." Daniel first made up his mind, then Daniel chose the areas of battle, then Daniel reasoned on the basis of Faith. That God would honor His word. This is the battle from Job…will you ? Daniel made up his mind that he would just trust me just trust Him. Victory of Faith 15-16 Verse 15 "and at the end of ten days their appearance seemed better and they were fatter (healthier) than all the youths who had been eating the king's choice food." Be aware, some of these other youths were also Jewish, but they did not stay with Word of God they were not committed to the Word of God or to Lord. Wisdom of the official Verse 16 "So the overseer continued to withhold their choice food and the wine they were to drink, and kept giving them vegetables. The Results 17-20 Faithfulness of God more Divine intervention Verse 17 "and as for these four youths, God gave (graciously given, not earned nor deserved) them knowledge (academic knowledge; of secular subjects) and intelligence in every branch of literature (skill in learning secular literature) and wisdom; (in context this refers to Babylonian wisdom—but they were able by divine wisdom to apply Divine thinking, divine information to human circumstances) We have seen Divine Intervention Divine Providence all through this 1 st chapter, starting in verse 2 Daniel even understood all kinds of visions and dreams. Note carefully that Daniel is emphasized here, he is given an extra measure of grace. He was given the divine ability to interpret visions & dreams. Although these men were instructed in techniques of dream interpretation as developed by the Babylonians, Daniel received his ability from God. The Gift of prophecy was given to Daniel by and through the Holy Spirit. Daniel has a special mission from God Each of us have a special gift from God for His Service. Note carefully…God gave These young men stayed focused on God and on His Word; they had a lot of scripture…Jeremiah and Isaiah People – we must be in the Word of God…daily, every day! They prayed God gave them all this knowledge and wisdom, not the Babylonian teachers. They learned facts from these learned men but it was God who gave him wisdom But Daniel is given more grace as to visions and dreams. We will have to study dreams later in this book, but for now it is God who gives to Daniel the ability to interpret visions and dreams. There are all kinds of dreams. Dreams basically come from one or three sources: 1. Your psychological state. 2. External stimuli these are the sources for most all our dreams no matter what people may claim. and 3. Supernatural Final exam: Verse 18 "Then at the end of the days which the king had specified for presenting them, the commander of the officials presented them before Nebuchadnezzar. Verse 19 "and the king talked with them, and out of them all not one was found like Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah; so they entered the king's personal service. God honors those who put His word first! God promotes or He does not promote! Don't try to promote yourself! God has a plan for every life! Learn to be content in whatever God does with you Verse 20 "and as for every matter of wisdom and understanding about which theking consulted them, he found them ten times better than all the magicians and conjurers who were in all his realm." God uses prepared believers Verse 21 "and Daniel continued until the 1 st year of Cyrus the king

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CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS FY 2017 PROPOSED OPERATING BUDGET AUGUST 1, 2016 City of Seagoville, Texas Proposed Operating Budget October 1, 2016 – September 30, 2017 # City of Seagoville, Texas ## Proposed Operating Budget ### October 1, 2016 – September 30, 2017 ## Table of Contents ### SECTION I - INTRODUCTION - Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... i - Principal City Officials ................................................................................................................ iv - Budget Calendar .......................................................................................................................... v - Financial Policies ......................................................................................................................... vi - Long Term Financial Strategy .................................................................................................... xi - Combined Fund Summary ........................................................................................................... 1 - Position Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 2 ### SECTION III – GENERAL FUND - General Fund Revenues and Expenditures ............................................................................... 4 - General Fund Financial Summary ............................................................................................... 5 - General Fund Revenues by Category .......................................................................................... 6 - Property Tax Rate and Sales Tax History .................................................................................. 7 - General Fund Summary of Expenditures .................................................................................. 8 - Department Budgets - General Government - City Council ............................................................................................................................. 9 - City Manager .......................................................................................................................... 11 - City Secretary ......................................................................................................................... 15 - Information Technology .......................................................................................................... 20 - Human Resources .................................................................................................................. 22 - Finance .................................................................................................................................. 27 - Public Safety - Police .................................................................................................................................... 31 - Fire ........................................................................................................................................ 36 - Emergency Medical Services (EMS) ...................................................................................... 40 - Support Services .................................................................................................................. 42 - Animal Control ...................................................................................................................... 47 - Community Services - Municipal Court .................................................................................................................. 52 - Library .................................................................................................................................. 56 SECTION III – GENERAL FUND (continued) Community Services Senior Center ................................................................. 60 Sanitation ........................................................................... 64 Community Development Building Inspection and Services .................................... 66 Streets ............................................................................. 70 Parks ............................................................................... 74 Planning .......................................................................... 79 Code Enforcement .......................................................... 83 Non-Departmental Non-Departmental ......................................................... 87 SECTION IV – DEBT SERVICE FUND Budget Summary ............................................................... 89 Annual Debt Service Requirements .................................. 90 Individual Debt Service Schedules .................................... 91 Annual Debt Service Requirements until Maturity .............. 93 SEAGOVILLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION .................. 94 SECTION V – WATER AND SEWER FUND Water and Sewer Fund Revenues and Expenditures ........... 95 Budget Summary ............................................................... 96 Operations Summary Water and Sewer Administration ..................................... 97 Water Services .................................................................. 101 Sewer Services .................................................................. 106 Customer Service ............................................................ 111 Non-Departmental .......................................................... 115 Debt Service ..................................................................... 117 SECTION VI – ALL OTHER FUNDS Overview ........................................................................... 124 Police State Forfeiture Fund ............................................. 125 Police Federal Forfeiture Fund ......................................... 126 SECTION VI – ALL OTHER FUNDS (continued) Small Grants Fund ................................................................. 127 Recycling Revenue Fund .................................................. 128 Municipal Court Fund ....................................................... 129 Park Development Fund .................................................. 130 Hotel Motel Fund .............................................................. 131 FY 2015 Street Projects Fund ........................................... 132 Park Maintenance Fund .................................................. 133 Street Maintenance Fund ............................................... 134 Animal Shelter Operations Fund ..................................... 135 Animal Shelter Building Fund .......................................... 136 Vehicle Replacement Fund .............................................. 137 Police Training Fund ....................................................... 138 Storm Water Fund ............................................................ 139 SECTION VII – APPENDIX Budget Glossary-List of Acronyms ..................................... 140 Budget Glossary ............................................................... 143 City of Seagoville, Texas Principal City Officials 2016 - 2017 City Council Dennis Childress Mayor Term Expires May, 2017 Jose Hernandez Mayor Pro-Tem, Place 2 Term Expires May, 2017 Rick Howard Council Member, Place 1 Term Expires May, 2018 Harold Magill Council Member, Place 3 Term Expires May, 2018 Mike Fruin Council Member, Place 4 Term Expires May, 2017 Jon Epps Council Member, Place 5 Term Expires May, 2018 City Executive Staff Pat Stallings City Manager Patrick Harvey Finance Director Pat Stallings Police Chief Todd Gilcrease Fire Chief Cindy Brown Human Resources/Risk Mgmt Director Dara Crabtree City Secretary Liz Gant Library Director Phil DeChant Utilities Director Ladis Barr Community Development Director | Date | Event Description | Responsible Parties | |-----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------| | May, 2016 | Review of Mid Year Projections and FYE Fund Balance Estimate | City Manager, Finance Director | | May 23 – June 10, 2016| Department Operating Budget Preparation | Department Heads | | June 2016 | Budget Review – All Funds | City Manager, Department Heads, Finance | | June, July 2016 | Insurance Costs – TML and Health | Human Resources, Finance | | July 25, 2016 | Completion of Budget Drafting of Budget Message from CM | City Manager, Finance Director, Department Heads | | July 25, 2016 | Receive Certified Appraisal Roll | Dallas/Kaufman County Appraisal Districts | | July 25, 2016 | Council Budget Workshop | City Manager, Finance Director, City Council | | July 31, 2016 | Budget Submitted to City Secretary | Staff | | August 1, 2016 | Calculate Effective Tax Rate | Tax Assessor/Collector | | August 1, 2016 | Publish Notice of Three Public Hearings | City Secretary | | August 1, 2016 | 1. Proposed Budget FY 2017 and Proposed Tax Rate (Two Public Hearings) | City Secretary | | August 1, 2016 | 2. Hotel/Motel Budget, Water/Sewer Rates (One Public Hearing) and Sanitation Rates (One Public Hearing) | City Secretary | | August 1, 2016 | Present Budget to Council, Discuss Tax Rate | City Manager, Finance Director, City Council | | August 1, 2016 | Resolution Accepting Tax Roll, Discuss Tax Rate and take record vote | City Council | | August 8, 2016 | Detailed Council Budget Workshop | City Manager, Finance Director, City Council | | August 15, 2016 | First of Two Public Hearings on FY 2017 Budget and Tax Rate | City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director | | August 15, 2016 | Public Hearing on Hotel/Motel, Water/Sewer Rates and Sanitation Rates | City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director | | August 15, 2016 | First Reading of Water/Sewer Rate Ord. and Sanitation Ord. | City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director | | August 15, 2016 | Announcement by City Council of the date of the Meeting for the Adoption of the Tax Rate | City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director | | September 1, 2016 | Publish “Notice of Vote on Tax Rate” | City Secretary | | August 29, 2016 | Second of Two Public Hearings on FY 2017 Budget and Tax Rate | City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director | | August 29, 2016 | Second reading of Water/Sewer Rate Ord. and Sanitation Ord. | City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director | | August 29, 2016 | Adoption of Water/Sewer Rate Ordinance and Sanitation Ordinance. | City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director | | August 29, 2016 | Announcement by City Council of the date of the Meeting for the Adoption of the Tax Rate | City Council, City Secretary, City Manager, Finance Director | | September 19 | Adoption of Budget FY 2017, Tax Rate, Hotel/Motel Budget and Grants, SEDC Budget and Tax Rate | City Council | | September 20 | Notify Tax Assessor/Collector of Tax Rate | Finance Director | | October 1 | Fiscal Year 2017 Begins | | City of Seagoville Financial Policies Purpose Statement The policies set forth below provide guidelines to enable the City staff to achieve a long-term, stable financial condition while conducting daily operations and providing services to the community. The City Manager and senior management follow these policies while developing the annual operating budget. The scope of these policies cover accounting, auditing, financial reporting, internal controls, fiscal, financial condition and reserve, revenue management, expenditure control and capital financing/debt management. The long-range policies regarding financial management are as follows: 1. Exercise a discipline which allows the City to retain a sound financial condition. 2. Give recognition to the community’s needs and ability to pay 3. Strive to retain the best possible rating on bonds Accounting, Auditing and Financial Reporting Accounting – The City’s Director of Finance is responsible for establishing the chart of accounts and for properly recording financial transactions. External Auditing – The City will be audited annually by outside independent accountants (auditors). The auditors must be a CPA firm and must demonstrate experience in the field of local government auditing. They must conduct the City’s audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and be knowledgeable in the Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) Certificate of Achievement Program. The City will follow a five year rotation of outside independent auditors. The audited financial statements should be prepared within 180 days after the close of the fiscal year. External Financial Reporting – The City will prepare and publish a Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR). The CAFR will be prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and will be presented annually to the Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) for evaluation and awarding of the Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting. Interim Reporting – The Finance Department will prepare and issue timely reports on the City’s fiscal status to the Mayor/Council and staff. This includes the following: 1. Monthly budget status reports to the City Manager and all Department Heads 2. Mid Year status report and fiscal year end projection of major funds (General and Water & Sewer funds) 3. Quarterly financial reports to Mayor and Council **Internal Controls** **Written Procedures** – The Director of Finance is responsible for developing written guidelines on accounting, cash handling and other financial matters which will be approved by the City Manager. The Finance Department will assist Department Directors, as needed, in tailoring such guidelines to fit each department’s requirements. **Department Directors’ Responsibility** – Each Department Director is responsible to the City Manager to ensure that proper internal controls are followed throughout his or her department, that all guidelines on accounting and internal controls are implemented and that all independent auditor control recommendations are addressed. **Fiscal** **Balanced Budget** – Current available unrestricted operating revenue shall be sufficient to support current operating expenditures. Temporary shortages, or operating deficits, can and do occur, but they are not tolerated as extended trends. Measures are developed to provide additional revenue and/or reduced expenditures to eliminate operating deficits. **Long Range Planning** – The budget process will be coordinated so as to identify major policy issues for City Council consideration in advance of the budget approval date so that proper decision analysis can be made. **Fixed Assets** – Such assets will be reasonably safeguarded, properly accounted for and prudently used. The fixed asset inventory will be updated regularly. **Cash Management** – The City’s cash flow will be managed to maximize the investable cash in accordance with the City’s investment policy. Financial Condition and Reserve Reserve Accounts – The General Fund unreserved undesignated fund balance should be adequate to handle unexpected decreases in revenues and a reasonable level for extraordinary unbudgeted expenditures. The General Fund balance policy should also be flexible enough to allow the City to weather economic downturns without raising taxes and/or reducing vital services. The General Fund is required to maintain a minimum 60 day reserve of budgeted expenditures. City Enterprise Funds will compensate the General Fund for the general and administrative services thereby provided such as management, finance and personnel. The City will adopt annual utility rates which will generate revenues sufficient to cover operating expenses and meet the legal requirements of bond covenants. Rates will also fund adequate capital replacement of water distribution and sewerage collection systems. The Water and Sewer Fund is required to maintain a minimum of 60 days of budgeted expenses. These reserves are needed to protect against the possibility of temporary revenue shortfalls or unpredicted one-time expenditures. Should either the General Fund reserve or the Water and Sewer Fund reserve fall below the minimum reserve requirement, revenue raising measurers or expenditure reductions will be implemented to return the General Fund reserve and the Water and Sewer Fund reserve to the minimum level no later than the end of the following fiscal year. Reserves (fund balance) will be used only for emergencies or to reduce balances in excess of current guidelines (60 days for the General Fund and 60 days for the Water and Sewer Fund), as long as they are spent for non-recurring items. Revenue Management Revenue Diversification – A diversified and stable revenue system will be maintained to shelter the City from short run fluctuations in any one revenue source. Fees and Charges – The City will maximize utilization of user charges in lieu of property taxes for services that can be individually identified and where the costs are directly related to the level of service. There will be periodic review of fees and charges to ensure that fees provide adequate coverage of costs of service. Use of One-time Revenues – One-time revenues will be used only for one-time expenditures. The City will avoid using temporary revenues to fund mainstream services. Use of Unpredictable Revenue – The City will try to understand its revenue sources, and enact consistent collection policies so that assurances can be provided that the revenue base will materialize according to budgets and plans. Use of unpredictable revenue will depend upon management’s determination whether the revenue is considered a one time revenue or will recur annually. Sufficiency – The benefits of revenue shall exceed the cost of producing the revenue. Grants – Any potential grants shall be examined for matching requirements so that the source and availability of these funds may be determined before the grant application is made. Utility Rates – The City shall review and adopt utility rates that shall generate revenues required to fully cover operating expenditures, meet the legal restrictions of all applicable bond covenants, and provide for an adequate level of working capital needs. Expenditure Control Appropriations – The City Manager’s level of budgetary control is at the fund level for all funds. Modifications within a respective fund’s operating categories (materials, supplies and services) and/or modifications within the personnel and capital categories may be made with the approval of the City Manager. When a budget amendment among funds or departments is necessary, it must be approved by the City Council. Purchasing – All purchases shall be in accordance with both the City’s purchasing policy and state law. Prompt Payment – All invoices will be paid upon 30 days of receipt in accordance with state law. Procedures will be used to take advantage of all cost effective purchase discounts. Payments will be processed to maximize the City’s investable cash. Department Directors’ Responsibility - Each Department Director is held accountable for meeting program objectives and monitoring the use of budget funds expended to ensure compliance with the annual appropriated budget approved by the City Council. Capital Financing and Debt Management Debt Capacity, Issuance and Management – Long term debt will not be used for operating purposes. Capital projects financed through bond proceeds shall be financed for a period not to exceed the useful life of the project. When appropriate, self-supporting revenues will pay debt service in lieu of property taxes. The Debt Service current fiscal year debt requirement shall not exceed debt service property tax, self-supporting revenue and balances carried forward from the prior year. Unspent capital project proceeds are transferred to debt service at the completion of the capital project. The Finance Department will monitor all City debt annually with the preparation of the annual budget. The Finance Department will diligently monitor the City’s compliance to its bond covenants. The Finance Department will maintain ongoing communications with bond rating agencies about the City’s financial condition and follow a policy of full disclosure on every financial report. The City has and will continue to retain a Financial Advisor in connection with any debt issuance. City of Seagoville, Texas Long Term Financial Strategy Key Financial Principles • **Make Trade-Offs** Do not initiate major new services without either - ensuring that revenue to pay for the service can be sustained over time, or - making trade-offs of existing services. • **Do It Well** If the City cannot deliver a service well, the service will not be provided at all. • **Use Unexpected One-Time Revenues for One-Time Costs or Reserves** • **Invest in Employees** The City will invest in employees and provide resources to maximize their productivity. • **Contract In/Contract Out** Consider alternative service delivery to maximize efficiency and effectiveness. • **Selectively Recover Costs** On a selective basis, have those who use a service pay the full cost. • **Recognize the Connection Between the Operating Budget and the Capital Budget** • **What Should the City Do in the Following Year’s Budget When the Financial Outlook is Positive?** - Assess the situation - Maintain adequate reserves - Use one-time revenues only for one-time expenses - Use recurring revenue for recurring costs or one-time expenses - Stay faithful to City goals over the long run - Think carefully when considering revenue cuts - Think long term • **What should the City Do Every Year, Whether the Financial Outlook is Positive or Negative?** - Increase operating cost recovery - Pursue cost sharing City of Seagoville, Texas Long Term Financial Strategy Key Financial Principles • What Should the City Do in the Following Year’s Budget When the Financial Outlook is Negative? - Assess the situation - Use reserves sparingly - Reduce services - Continue to think carefully when considering tax increases # City of Seagoville ## Combined Fund Summary ### FY 2016-2017 | Fund Type and Name | October 1 Estimated Fund Balance | Total Receipts | Total Funds Available | Total Expenditures | Transfers In (Out) | September 30 Estimated Fund Balance | |---------------------------------------------|----------------------------------|----------------|-----------------------|--------------------|--------------------|-------------------------------------| | **Governmental Fund Types** | | | | | | | | **General Operating Funds** | | | | | | | | General Fund | 2,506,867 | 7,961,361 | 10,468,228 | 8,376,552 | 217,904 | 2,309,580 | | **Debt Service Funds** | | | | | | | | General Obligation Debt Service | 11,630 | 192,219 | 203,849 | 192,198 | - | 11,651 | | **Special Revenue Funds** | | | | | | | | Police State Forfeiture | 2,192 | 623 | 2,815 | - | - | 2,815 | | Police Federal Forfeiture | 1,582 | - | 1,582 | - | - | 1,582 | | Small Grants Fund | 12,871 | 2,550 | 15,421 | 2,777 | - | 12,644 | | Revenue Recycle Fund | 2,377 | 500 | 2,877 | 500 | - | 2,377 | | Municipal Court Fund | 31,774 | 7,500 | 39,274 | - | - | 39,274 | | Park Development Fund | 58,000 | - | 58,000 | - | - | 58,000 | | Hotel Motel Fund | - | 24,000 | 24,000 | 24,000 | - | - | | Park Maintenance Fund | 1,685 | 2,000 | 3,685 | - | - | 3,685 | | Street Maintenance Fund | - | 100 | 100 | - | 120,000 | 120,100 | | Animal Shelter Operations | 3,710 | 1,500 | 5,210 | 3,000 | - | 2,210 | | Animal Shelter Building | 4,489 | - | 4,489 | - | - | 4,489 | | Vehicle Replacement | 81,676 | 2,500 | 84,176 | - | 42,000 | 126,176 | | Police Training Fund | 5,150 | 3,000 | 8,150 | 5,000 | - | 3,150 | | Storm Water Fund | 104,989 | 82,800 | 187,789 | 55,300 | (27,600) | 104,889 | | **Total Special Revenue Funds** | 310,495 | 127,073 | 437,568 | 90,577 | 134,400 | 481,391 | | **Capital Projects Funds** | | | | | | | | FY 2015 Street Projects Fund | 1,878,759 | 2,000 | 1,880,759 | 1,774,815 | - | 105,944 | | **Total Governmental Fund Types** | 4,707,752 | 8,282,653 | 12,990,405 | 10,434,142 | 352,304 | 2,908,567 | | **Business-Type Activities** | | | | | | | | **Water and Sewer Funds** | | | | | | | | Water and Sewer Operating Fund | 969,069 | 7,029,775 | 7,998,844 | 6,657,817 | (352,304) | 988,723 | | **Total Business-Type Activities** | 969,069 | 7,029,775 | 7,998,844 | 6,657,817 | (352,304) | 988,723 | | **Total All Funds** | 5,676,821 | 15,312,428 | 20,989,249 | 17,091,959 | - | 3,897,290 | **NOTE:** Revenues and Expenditures do not include interfund transfers. ## Position Analysis | DEPT. DEPARTMENT/TITLE | Actual 2014-2015 | Projected 2015-2016 | Budget 2016-2017 | |------------------------|------------------|---------------------|------------------| | | FT PERM. | PT PERM. | PT TEMP. | FTE's | FT PERM. | PT PERM. | PT TEMP. | FTE's | FT PERM. | PT PERM. | PT TEMP. | FTE's | | **W & S Administrative** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Director of Public Works | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | | Director of Utilities | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | | Field Operations Superintendent | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | | Assistant Director of Public Works | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | | Water and Sewer Technician | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | | **Water Services Department** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Public Works Superintendent**** | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | | Assistant Director of Utilities | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | | Water Supervisor | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | | Maintenance Worker | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | | Meter Service Technician*** | 2.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | | **Sewer Services Department** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Maintenance Worker | 4.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.00 | | **Customer Service Department** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Customer Service Manager | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | | Customer Service/UB Technician***** | 3.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | **Total** | | Actual 2014-2015 | Projected 2015-2016 | Budget 2016-2017 | |----------------|------------------|---------------------|------------------| | | 86.00 | 8.00 | 3.70 | | | | | | | | 91.83 | 87.00 | 7.00 | | | | | | | | 93.33 | 88.00 | 7.00 | | | | | | | | 95.33 | | | * Authorized, but not funded in FY 2015, 2016 or 2017 ** This position is funded in FY 2015 *** Moved from Customer Services department in FY 2014 **** Moved to Water Services department in FY 2014 ***** Moved one UB Technician to Adm Assistant - Building Inspection CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS 2016 - 2017 BUDGET GENERAL FUND GENERAL FUND REVENUES TOTAL BUDGET $8,341,265 - Property Tax: 44% - Sales Tax: 26% - Licenses & Permits: 2% - Miscellaneous: 2% - Transfers: 4% - Fines & Forfeitures: 3% - Sanitation: 11% - Franchise Tax: 8% GENERAL FUND EXPENDITURES TOTAL BUDGET $8,341,160 - Public Safety: 52% - Community Services: 15% - Community Development: 15% - General Government: 11% - Non-Departmental: 4% - Other: 3% ## City of Seagoville ### General Fund Financial Summary | | Actual 2014-2015 | Amended 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|-------------------|---------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | $2,415,419 | $2,702,695 | $2,702,695 | $2,506,867 | | **Revenues** | | | | | | Property Tax | $3,265,631 | $3,377,800 | $3,384,057 | $3,768,772 | | Sales Tax | 2,073,504 | 2,040,040 | 2,066,401 | 2,170,764 | | Franchise Fees | 745,813 | 648,300 | 646,900 | 647,500 | | Sanitation Services | 857,513 | 901,725 | 901,725 | 914,500 | | Licenses, Permits and Fees | 342,891 | 204,175 | 392,574 | 251,125 | | Court and Library Fines | 183,951 | 238,000 | 177,600 | 177,200 | | Grants and Gifts | 64,859 | 24,000 | 36,548 | 24,000 | | Other Revenues | 17,486 | 7,500 | 8,500 | 7,500 | | City Hall Roof Repair Loan | - | - | 175,000 | - | | Transfers In | 354,639 | 424,351 | 424,351 | 379,904 | | **Total Revenues** | $7,906,287 | $7,865,891 | $8,213,656 | $8,341,265 | | **Total Available Funds** | $10,321,706 | $10,568,586 | $10,916,351 | $10,848,132 | | **Expenditures** | | | | | | General Government | 721,030 | 791,918 | 802,105 | 876,323 | | Public Safety | 4,018,590 | 4,343,039 | 4,192,430 | 4,349,418 | | Community Services | 1,192,561 | 1,209,389 | 1,211,876 | 1,222,870 | | Community Development | 1,016,666 | 1,174,693 | 1,121,695 | 1,229,053 | | Non-Departmental | 307,077 | 297,835 | 288,057 | 340,760 | | Salary Readjustments | - | 19,447 | - | - | | Salary Increase | - | - | - | 117,736 | | Acquisition of Quint (Debt Service) | - | - | - | 72,000 | | Reserve for Capital Expenditures | 16,354 | 10,000 | 12,000 | 13,000 | | Transfer to Street Maintenance Fund | - | - | - | 120,000 | | Reserve for Prepaid Expenditures | (6,952) | - | - | - | | **Total Operations** | $7,265,326 | $7,846,321 | $7,628,163 | $8,341,160 | | **Transfers** | $800 | - | $0 | $0 | | **Increase (Decrease) in Fund Balance** | $640,161 | $19,570 | $585,493 | $105 | | **One Time Use of Fund Balance** | $352,885 | $289,089 | $781,321 | $197,392 | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $2,702,695 | $2,433,175 | $2,506,867 | $2,309,580 | | **Required Fund Balance (60 Days)** | $1,194,300 | $1,289,806 | $1,253,945 | $1,371,150 | | **Amount over Required Fund Balance** | $1,508,395 | $1,143,368 | $1,252,923 | $938,430 | | **Days of Fund Balance** | 135.8 | 113.2 | 120.0 | 101.1 | | **1 day of operations** | $19,905 | $21,497 | $20,899 | $22,852 | **Property Tax Rate** - 0.693100 - 0.675800 - 0.675800 **NOTE:** **Proposed Use of Fund Balance** - Acquisition of Brush Truck: $110,000 - 2 Code Enforcement Trucks: $41,603 - 2 Police Tahoes: $82,423 - Hill Street Demolition Project: $23,318 - Remodel Fire Department: $16,738 - Additional Asphalt Work: $52,954 - Stabilize Basketball Court: $7,600 - Voice Recorder: $18,249 - City Manager Settlement: $200,000 - Laserfiche: $12,922 - Website Upgrade: $20,000 - Annual Council Retreat: $6,500 - Grant Funded Equipment – Police: $12,548 - Proposed Lawn Mower Acquisition: $72,000 - Litter Crew Vehicle (reimbursed by W&S Fund): $24,761 - Debt Service Payment: $45,000 - Emergency Siren Replacement: $25,000 - Patrol Vehicle: $53,000 - Asphalt Roller: $44,000 - Server and Software Migration: $17,410 - Exchange Email Server: $15,267 - Vehicle Replacement Fund: $42,000 - City Hall Roof Repair: $173,423 - Repayment of Loan for City Hall Roof Repair: $47,412 **TOTAL**: $352,885, $289,089, $781,321, $197,392 ## CITY OF SEAGOVILLE ### GENERAL FUND #### REVENUES BY CATEGORY | Category | Actual 2014-2015 | Adopted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |-----------------------------------------------|------------------|-------------------|---------------------|--------------------| | **Property Taxes:** | | | | | | 9010 Current ad valorem taxes | 3,156,984 | 3,275,800 | 3,259,000 | 3,666,772 | | 9020 Delinquent ad valorem taxes | 63,334 | 59,000 | 78,000 | 59,000 | | 9030 Penalty and interest | 45,313 | 43,000 | 47,057 | 43,000 | | **Total Property Taxes** | 3,265,631 | 3,377,800 | 3,384,057 | 3,768,772 | | **Sales and Use Tax:** | | | | | | 9040 Sales tax (Prop tax alternative) | 687,986 | 676,440 | 689,205 | 720,588 | | 9120 Sales tax | 1,375,973 | 1,359,600 | 1,373,196 | 1,441,176 | | 9121 Mixed beverage tax | 9,545 | 4,000 | 10,000 | 9,000 | | **Total Sales and Use Tax** | 2,073,504 | 2,040,040 | 2,068,401 | 2,170,764 | | **Franchise Fees:** | | | | | | 9100 Electric | 453,821 | 382,000 | 382,000 | 382,000 | | 9101 Gas | 100,532 | 87,500 | 84,900 | 85,000 | | 9102 Cable | 42,653 | 47,500 | 38,500 | 38,500 | | 9103 Telephone | 72,553 | 65,000 | 72,000 | 72,000 | | 9104 Sanitation | 50,101 | 46,300 | 47,000 | 47,000 | | 9105 PEG | 16,354 | 10,000 | 12,000 | 13,000 | | 9110 Other | 9,000 | 10,000 | 10,500 | 10,000 | | **Total Franchise Fees** | 743,813 | 648,300 | 649,900 | 647,500 | | **Sanitation** | | | | | | 857,513 | 901,725 | 901,725 | 914,500 | | | **Licenses, Permits and Fees** | | | | | | 9230 Animal Shelter | 450 | - | 230 | - | | 9231 Animal Shelter Donations | (650) | - | - | - | | 9241 Food Health Certificates | 56,947 | 47,000 | 66,700 | 65,000 | | 9242 Certificate of Occupancy | 7,150 | 9,000 | 6,000 | 7,000 | | 9244 Food Administrative Fee | 10,953 | 9,000 | 13,354 | 12,000 | | 9245 Beer and Wine Permit Fees | 720 | 200 | 120 | - | | 9246 Food Handler Certification | 5,520 | 4,000 | 6,355 | 4,500 | | 9250 Zoning and Plat Fees | 7,280 | 3,500 | 4,150 | 4,000 | | 9251 Parks Development Fee | - | - | - | - | | 9260 Ball Park Fees | 1,410 | 1,000 | 2,000 | - | | 9270 Court Admin Fees | 793 | 750 | 750 | 750 | | 9280 Culvert Fees | 190 | - | 180 | - | | 9303 Administrative Fee | 736 | 250 | 725 | 250 | | 9310 Building Permit Fees | 133,710 | 85,000 | 140,000 | 100,000 | | 9314 Subdivision Inspection Fees | 56,645 | - | 92,885 | - | | 9315 Fire Dept Permits | 31,725 | 20,000 | 32,000 | 30,000 | | 9320 Pool Permits | 924 | 500 | 500 | 1,000 | | 9330 Misc Licenses | 10,145 | 8,000 | 11,000 | 10,000 | | 9409 Court Online Fees | 599 | 750 | 400 | 500 | | 9760 Burglar Alarm Fees | 8,515 | 6,100 | 6,100 | 7,000 | | 9770 Tower Rental Fees | 9,125 | 9,125 | 9,125 | 9,125 | | **Total Licenses, Permits and Fees** | 342,891 | 204,175 | 392,574 | 251,125 | | **Court and Library Fines** | | | | | | 9410 Court | 181,349 | 235,000 | 175,000 | 175,000 | | 9420 Library | 2,602 | 3,000 | 2,600 | 2,200 | | **Total Fines** | 183,951 | 238,000 | 177,600 | 177,200 | | **Grants and Gifts** | | | | | | 9510 Senior Grants | 19,809 | 20,000 | 10,000 | 20,000 | | 9515 Senior Center Adm Reimbursement | 24,174 | - | 10,000 | - | | 9531 Capital Acquisition Grant | 15,000 | - | 12,548 | - | | 9550 Senior Part. Contrib. Meals | 5,876 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 | | **Other** | | | | | | 9610 Interest | 2,053 | 1,500 | 2,500 | 1,500 | | 9720 Sale of Land Assets | - | - | - | - | | 9730 Misc | 15,433 | 6,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 | | 9745 Liens | - | - | - | - | | 9910 Debt Proceeds | - | - | 175,000 | - | | Insurance Recovery | - | - | - | - | | **Transfers** | | | | | | 9111 Franchise - Water | 74,826 | 74,826 | 74,826 | 74,826 | | 9112 Franchise - Sewer | 79,034 | 79,034 | 79,034 | 79,034 | | SAFER Fund | 2,335 | - | - | - | | Drainage Fund | - | 27,600 | 27,600 | 27,600 | | 9620 G&A Recovery W&S | 198,444 | 242,891 | 242,891 | 198,444 | | **TOTAL REVENUES** | 7,906,287 | 7,865,891 | 8,213,656 | 8,341,265 | ### Property Tax Rate History | Fiscal Year | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |-------------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------| | General Fund| $0.54970 | $0.56980 | $0.58065 | $0.64872 | $0.67179 | $0.69296 | $0.69310 | $0.67581 | | Debt Service| $0.08530 | $0.08020 | $0.08435 | $0.04213 | $0.01907 | $0.02084 | $0.02071 | $0.03800 | | **TOTAL** | $0.63500 | $0.65000 | $0.66500 | $0.69085 | $0.69085 | $0.71379 | $0.71381 | $0.71381 | ### Sales Tax History | Fiscal Year | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 proj | 2017 est | |-------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|-----------|----------| | Sales Tax | $1,967,218 | $1,982,766 | $1,929,721 | $2,014,198 | $2,073,358 | $2,073,504 | $2,066,401 | $2,170,764 | ## City of Seagoville ### General Fund Summary of Expenditures | Expenditures | Actual 2014-2015 | Adopted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |---------------------------------------------------|------------------|--------------------|---------------------|--------------------| | City Council | $1,810 | $5,450 | $3,064 | $9,450 | | City Manager | 130,654 | 163,193 | 181,639 | 206,358 | | City Secretary | 106,475 | 116,241 | 111,333 | 112,980 | | Information Technology | 73,633 | 79,259 | 79,259 | 93,759 | | Human Resources | 101,888 | 105,781 | 107,571 | 107,744 | | Finance | 306,570 | 321,994 | 319,239 | 346,032 | | **General Government** | **$721,030** | **$791,918** | **$802,105** | **$876,323** | | Police | 1,783,379 | 1,909,333 | 1,777,602 | 1,872,657 | | Fire | 1,443,916 | 1,536,599 | 1,536,082 | 1,539,216 | | EMS | 164,080 | 164,080 | 164,080 | 164,080 | | Support Services | 513,271 | 601,573 | 590,629 | 657,410 | | Animal Control | 113,944 | 131,454 | 124,037 | 116,055 | | **Public Safety** | **$4,018,590** | **$4,343,039** | **$4,192,430** | **$4,349,418** | | Municipal Court | 153,081 | 168,750 | 160,097 | 158,797 | | Library | 166,681 | 167,688 | 169,834 | 174,636 | | Senior Center | 186,248 | 190,031 | 190,532 | 192,037 | | Sanitation | 686,551 | 682,920 | 691,413 | 697,400 | | **Community Services** | **$1,192,561** | **$1,209,389** | **$1,211,876** | **$1,222,870** | | Building Services/Code Enforcement | | | | | | Building Inspection and Services | 177,451 | 191,946 | 194,735 | 253,181 | | Code Enforcement | 169,141 | 170,029 | 186,760 | 172,428 | | Streets | 397,997 | 521,255 | 447,682 | 492,832 | | Parks | 213,505 | 226,663 | 225,667 | 230,331 | | Planning | 58,572 | 64,800 | 66,851 | 80,281 | | **Community Development** | **$1,016,666** | **$1,174,693** | **$1,121,695** | **$1,229,053** | | **Non-Departmental** | **$307,077** | **$297,835** | **$288,057** | **$340,760** | | Reserve for Capital Expenditures (PEG) | $16,354 | $10,000 | $12,000 | $13,000 | | **Total Operations** | **$7,272,278** | **$7,826,874** | **$7,628,163** | **$8,031,424** | | **Transfers** | $800 | $0 | $45,000 | | | **TOTAL OPERATIONS AND TRANSFERS** | **$7,273,078** | **$7,826,874** | **$7,673,163** | **$8,031,424** | City Council 1. Legislative and policymaking body of the City. 2. Approves annual budget and sets tax rates 3. Adopts ordinances and resolutions ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | GENERAL GOVERNMENT | 01/01 | | CITY COUNCIL | | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |--------------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------| | | ACTUAL| AMENDED| BUDGET| PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | | | | | | SUPPLIES | | | | | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 1,810 | 5,450 | 3,064 | 9,450 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 1,810 | 5,450 | 3,064 | 9,450 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |--------------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------| | | ACTUAL| AMENDED| BUDGET| PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: City Manager 1. Responsible for implementing and carrying out the goals & objectives set forth by the City Council. 2. Responsible for the operations of the entire city. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS City Manager PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Office of City Manager is responsible for the day to day operations of the City including the hiring and supervision of all City department heads. The City Manager’s office provides leadership and management in all levels of the organization. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Manage City services within the parameters of the FY 2017 budget. Conduct joint senior management – citizen monthly meetings. Provide leadership to economic development efforts to grow the City’s tax base. Implement City Council ordinances and resolutions. Conduct an annual review of all City operations. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | GENERAL GOVERNMENT | 01/02 | | CITY MANAGER | | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | 130,654 | 162,593 | 180,999 | 202,818 | | SUPPLIES | | | 40 | | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | | 600 | 600 | 3,540 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 130,654 | 163,193 | 181,639 | 206,358 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | City Manager | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: **NOTE:** Administrative Assistant position is unfunded. | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | City Council Meetings| 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | Operating Budget $ per Capita (General Fund) | $ 472.08 | $ 517.31 | $ 489.61 | $ 535.38 | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | Number of Days of Fund Reserve in General Fund and Water and Sewer Fund (Council Policy = 60 Days) | | | | | | General Fund | 135.8 | 113.2 | 120.0 | 101.1 | | Water and Sewer Fund | 60.8 | 46.2 | 69.3 | 62.6 | City Secretary 1. Posts notices, attends & records all Council meetings. 2. Administers elections. 3. Administers state-mandated records management program. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS City Secretary PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Office of City Secretary strives to provide information and service to the citizens and the City Council by administering a state-mandated records management program, coordinating boards and commissions appointments, preparing official minutes for all Council meetings, preparing agenda packets for City Council meetings, retaining the corporate seal of the City, conducting City elections, and ensuring codification of the City’s ordinances. This office also assists with special events such as receptions and also supplies secretarial and administrative support to the Mayor and City Council as needed. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Conduct Records Management Program in accordance with State law. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 (continued) CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Administer all City elections in full compliance with the City Charter and the Texas Election Code. Post Council minutes on the City’s website within 3 days upon approval. Post agendas 72 hours before public meetings as required by state law. Post approved ordinances on the City’s website prior to the annual codification of the Code of Ordinances. Fill all Public Information requests in a timely manner and in accordance to the Public Information Act. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | GENERAL GOVERNMENT | 01/03 | | CITY SECRETARY | | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | 90,671 | 91,508 | 91,508 | 91,420 | | SUPPLIES | 362 | 1,400 | 1,455 | 1,475 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 15,442 | 24,150 | 18,370 | 20,085 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 106,475 | 117,058 | 111,333 | 112,980 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | City Secretary | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | TOTAL FULL TIME | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL PART TIME | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: City Secretary Office | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|-------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | City Council meetings| 25 | 22 | 27 | 25 | | Ordinances adopted | 29 | 30 | 37 | 33 | | Resolutions adopted | 49 | 45 | 65 | 50 | | Preparation of Council agenda packets | 19 | 20 | 23 | 20 | | Elections held | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | Quantity of records deemed eligible for destruction and destroyed | 63 boxes | 45 boxes | 46 boxes | 45 boxes | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | Percent of approved Council Minutes posted on website within 3 days of approval | 99% | 99% | 99% | 99% | Information Technology 1. Administer contract with Baxter Technology Services to maintain the City’s technology systems. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | GENERAL GOVERNMENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY | 01/22 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROJECTED | PROPOSED | | PERSONNEL | | | | | | SUPPLIES | | | | | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 68,194 | 73,259 | 73,259 | 73,259 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | 5,440 | 23,410 | 23,410 | 23,500 | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 73,633 | 96,669 | 96,669 | 96,759 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROJECTED | PROPOSED | | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: **Personnel:** Director position defunded. IT operations managed by a third party service firm. **Contractual Services:** Additional resources provided for third party service firm. The City switched to a new company in FY 2014. Human Resources 1. Provide centralized personnel services (hiring, benefits) for all city departments. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Human Resources PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Director of Human Resources serves as support for all City departments and employees by administering all employee related activities, interpreting and updating policies, monitoring and accurately maintaining employee records, managing group benefits and workers’ compensation, all city insurance activity and keeping the City in compliance with all applicable employment laws. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (6) – RETAIN AND ATTRACT QUALITY EMPLOYEES Provide a continually improving and competitive benefits package, including educating employees regarding their existing benefits. Analyze online training options GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (6) – RETAIN AND ATTRACT QUALITY EMPLOYEES (continued) Provide recommendations, advice and support to all City departments and employees to help employees to succeed in their jobs and improve communications. Review and revise the employee policy and procedures manual, ensuring compliance with applicable federal and state laws. Effectively communicate policies and procedures to all employees. Establish consistent and informative ongoing communication between HR, employees, supervisors and directors. Ensure that each department complies with all employment regulations. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | GENERAL GOVERNMENT | 01/23 | | HUMAN RESOURCES | | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | 95,624 | 97,152 | 97,152 | 97,044 | | SUPPLIES | 501 | 1,529 | 939 | 1,400 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 5,764 | 7,980 | 9,480 | 9,300 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 101,888 | 106,661 | 107,571 | 107,744 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Director | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | TOTAL FULL TIME | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL PART TIME | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Human Resources | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | Number of Grievances | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | | Job Postings | 9 | 1 | 8 | 3 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | Provide on-site training at reduced or no cost (Including On-line Training) | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 | | Implement Wellness Program | N/A | Yes | Yes | Yes | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | Percentage of turnover as a measure of staff stability and staff satisfaction | 8% | 2% | 3% | 3% | | Number of Workers' Compensation Claims | 11 | 2 | 5 | 3 | | Percentage of employees receiving annual performance evaluations | 50% | 75% | 100% | 100% | Finance 1. Handles financial affairs, i.e., disbursement and investing city funds 2. Manages the bond and debt service requirements. 3. Responsible for internal and external financial reporting. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Finance program is responsible for providing quality financial services to the citizens and customers of the City of Seagoville in a professional manner. Specific responsibilities include, but are not limited to, accounts payable, payroll, fixed assets, banking services, investments, debt management, internal and external financial reporting and annual budget preparation. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Obtain the GFOA financial reporting achievement award for the FY 2016 comprehensive annual financial report. Obtain the GFOA distinguished budget presentation award for the FY 2017 annual budget document. Prepare and distribute an Operating Budget in Brief document. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | GENERAL GOVERNMENT FINANCE | 01/04 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | 252,666 | 270,912 | | | | SUPPLIES | 377 | 500 | 450 | 500 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 53,527 | 60,650 | 53,866 | 61,500 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 306,570 | 332,062 | 319,239 | 346,032 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Director of Finance | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Senior Accountant | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Assistant Finance Director | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Finance Technician | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Finance | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | Operating Bank Reconciliation | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | | Retirement Reports Processed | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | | Department Budgetary Reports Distributed | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | | Payroll Bank Reconciliation | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | %tage of Accounts Payable Customers Setup with Automatic Draft Payments | 45% | 45% | 45% | 45% | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | Inhouse Completion of the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | | Receive GFOA Certificate of Achievement for Excellence in Financial Reporting | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | | Receive GFOA Distinguished Budget Presentation Award | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Police 1. Provides law enforcement and public safety to the citizens of Seagoville. 2. Provides 24 hour police patrol & emergency response. 3. Provide support and follow up investigations on all open cases. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Seagoville Police Department is committed to being responsive to our community in the delivery of quality services by providing high quality community oriented police service with sensitivity. With community service as our foundation, we are driven by goals to enhance the quality of life for all citizens through innovative approaches to problem solving, crime prevention, and teamwork. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (1) – PROVIDE QUALITY SAFETY SERVICES Continue to reduce the occurrences of Part I Crimes in the City. Continue to maintain compliance standards with the Texas Police Chief’s Best Practices Program. Original certification was obtained in February 2013. Continue to offer Crime Prevention Programs throughout the fiscal year. Provide a minimum of two (2) Citizens Police Academies. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 (continued) CITYWIDE GOAL (6) – RETAIN AND ATTRACT QUALITY EMPLOYEES Provide a minimum of ten (10) on-site TCLEOSE approved law enforcement training courses at the Seagoville Law Enforcement Center. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | PUBLIC SAFETY POLICE | 01/08 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROJECTED | PROPOSED | | PERSONNEL | 1,621,460 | 1,718,962 | 1,605,444 | 1,677,575 | | SUPPLIES | 110,304 | 128,057 | 108,786 | 128,057 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 51,616 | 72,750 | 63,372 | 67,025 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 1,783,379 | 1,919,769 | 1,777,602 | 1,872,657 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROJECTED | PROPOSED | | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Chief | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Captain | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Sergeant | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | | Police Officer | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | | | | | | | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Crossing Guard | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | | Police Officer | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | | | | | | | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Police | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |---------------------------------------|----------------|----------------|-------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | Calls for Service | 30,903 | 15,500 | 29,572 | 16,275 | | Arrests | 433 | 700 | 529 | 735 | | Citation Violations | 1,369 | 1,750 | 1,536 | 1,838 | | Part I Crimes | 518 | 625 | 584 | 656 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | Sworn Officers per 1,000 Population | 1.56 | 1.59 | 1.56 | 1.54 | | Part Time Police Officers per 1,000 Population | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.12 | | Reserve Police Officers per 1,000 Population | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.12 | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | Value of Property Stolen | $1,581,835 | $1,700,000 | $1,537,787 | $1,785,000 | | Value of Property Recovered | $814,429 | $675,000 | $746,539 | $708,750 | Fire 1. Provides 24-hour fire protection and emergency medical services. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Seagoville Fire Department protects our citizens and visitors by minimizing the loss of life and property resulting from fire, medical emergencies and other disasters in such a manner that will retain the public’s support and confidence in all aspects of service delivery. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (1) – PROVIDE QUALITY SAFETY SERVICES 100% of the time, the ambulance service shall answer all Priority 1 (life threatening emergency request) within 5 minutes 30 seconds or less from time of dispatch to arrival at the scene. The fire department expects to perform 575 fire inspections in FY 2017 Perform flow tests, maintenance and painting of 525 fire hydrants in FY 2017 Maintain an average response time on all incidents below 5 minutes ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | PUBLIC SAFETY FIRE | 01/11 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | 1,355,788 | 1,428,387 | 1,427,978 | 1,428,284 | | SUPPLIES | 47,989 | 69,643 | 64,543 | 69,643 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 40,140 | 49,461 | 43,561 | 49,561 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 1,443,916 | 1,547,491 | 1,536,082 | 1,547,488 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Chief | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Captain | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | | Lieutenant | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | | Firefighter | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Firefighter | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Fire | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | Number of Fire and EMS Responses | 2,652 | 2,950 | 2,550 | 2,750 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | Fire and EMS Cost Per Capita | $104.48 | $110.08 | $109.12 | $109.33 | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | Average response times. | 4:30 | 4:40 | 4:35 | 4:35 | | Percent of Priority I emergency responses in the city within 7:59 minute response time. | 97% | 97% | 98% | 98% | EMS 1. Administer contract with Texas Lifeline Corporation (TLC) to provide paramedic ambulance services to the citizens of Seagoville. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | PUBLIC SAFETY EMS | 01/19 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |------------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------| | | ACTUAL| AMENDED| BUDGET| PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | | | | | | SUPPLIES | | | | | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 164,080| 164,080| 164,080| 164,080| | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 164,080| 164,080| 164,080| 164,080| ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |------------------------|-------|-------|-------|-------| | | ACTUAL| AMENDED| BUDGET| PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Support Services Records 1. Manages all police reports including paperless reports entered through the computerized management system. Communications 1. Dispatches fire, police and emergency medical services for the City of Seagoville. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Records Program manages all police reports including paperless reports. Staff also assists with providing copies of reports and responding to open records requests. The Communications Program dispatches fire, police and emergency medical services for the City of Seagoville. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (1) – PROVIDE QUALITY SAFETY SERVICES Complete the Texas Department of Public Safety NCIC and TCIC audits with no deficiencies. Continue to conform to the Texas Police Chief’s Association Best Practices Standards for Communications. CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Continue to coordinate records retention and destruction with the City Secretary’s Office. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 (continued) CITYWIDE GOAL (6) – RETAIN AND ATTRACT QUALITY EMPLOYEES Continue to provide TCLEOSE approved training to staff assigned to Support Services. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | PUBLIC SAFETY SUPPORT SERVICES | 01/17 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | 473,288 | 557,185 | | | | SUPPLIES | 5,539 | 6,946 | 6,219 | 6,946 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 32,482 | 38,044 | 27,875 | 38,044 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | 1,962 | 3,249 | 3,150 | 3,549 | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 513,271 | 605,424 | 590,629 | 657,410 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Supervisor | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Technician | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Operator | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Technician | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 8.75 | 8.75 | 10.75 | 10.75 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Support Services | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | E911 Phone Calls | 16,092 | 15,800 | 16,335 | 16,590 | | Alarm Permits Issued | 77 | 54 | 75 | 57 | | Open Records Requests | 1,007 | 898 | 968 | 943 | | All Dispatched Calls for Service (Police and Fire) | 30,903 | 31,500 | 29,572 | 33,075 | | Customers Assisted at the Front Window | 3,039 | 2,500 | 3,060 | 2,625 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | Full-Time Support Services Staff per 1,000 Residents | 0.64 | 0.59 | 0.64 | 0.64 | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | Complete the Department of Public Safety NCIC and TCIC audits with no deficiencies. | None | None | None | Pending | Animal Control 1. Provides animal control services. 2. Maintains local animal shelter. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Animal Control Program is committed to providing sanitary shelter for lost and stray animals, implementing and enforcing the animal licensing program, obtaining veterinary medical care as required, promoting rabies vaccinations and investigating animal complaints. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (1) – PROVIDE QUALITY SAFETY SERVICES Maintain the “no kill” philosophy within the program. CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Continue to maintain a satisfactory rating from the State Department of Health Services and the annual veterinary inspection. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 (continued) CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Continue to work with our Records Management System provider to build a CAD module to track response times. CITYWIDE GOAL (4) – SUPPORT ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES Facilitate continued expansion of the volunteer program. Facilitate the continued partnership with the Dallas ISD Agricultural Education Program. Create and provide public education classes concerning responsible pet ownership. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | PUBLIC SAFETY ANIMAL CONTROL | 01/05 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | 95,617 | 102,712 | 102,712 | 93,080 | | SUPPLIES | 8,968 | 12,305 | 10,405 | 12,505 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 9,358 | 12,470 | 10,920 | 10,470 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 113,944 | 127,487 | 124,037 | 116,055 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Animal Control Manager/Police Officer | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | | Animal Control Officer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Animal Control Attendant | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Animal Control | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | Calls for Service | 3,044 | 3,500 | 2,931 | 3,675 | | Canine Intakes | 514 | 625 | 447 | 656 | | Feline Intakes | 177 | 155 | 143 | 163 | | Animal Quarantines | 1 | 7 | 3 | 7 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | Animal Control Officer per 1,000 population | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.13 | | Average Cost per Call Serviced | $37.43 | $45.00 | $42.32 | $32.36 | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | Satisfactory Rating from State Department of Health Services | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Municipal Court 1. Collects fines, fees and state costs. 2. Schedules court hearings & generates production of arrest warrants. 3. Maintains records relating to court proceedings. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Municipal Court PROGRAM DESCRIPTION To adjudicate municipal cases in an efficient and impartial manner and promote the highest standards in customer service. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (1) – PROVIDE QUALITY SAFETY SERVICES Upgrade the court software to notify/remind defendants of court dates and payments. CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Increase online payments by 5%. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | COMMUNITY SERVICES | 01/12 | | MUNICIPAL COURT | | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | 103,297 | 106,786 | 106,786 | 106,822 | | SUPPLIES | | 150 | 150 | 150 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 49,784 | 62,712 | 53,161 | 51,825 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 153,081 | 169,648 | 160,097 | 158,797 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Court Administrator | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Court Clerk | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Municipal Court | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |-------------------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | # CASES PROCESSED | 2,211 | 2,213 | 1,548 | 1,860 | | # WARRANTS ISSUED | 1,463 | 1,177 | 1,068 | 1,284 | | # CASES FILED | 2,421 | 1,614 | 1,692 | 2,028 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | # ONLINE PAYMENTS | 367 | 319 | 252 | 300 | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | % WARRANTS CLEARED | 89% | 47% | 86% | 96% | Library Provide material and services to fulfill the informational, recreational and educational needs of the residents of Seagoville. The term "residents" encompasses individuals and groups of every age, education, philosophy, occupation, economic level, ethnic origin and human condition. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Seagoville Library enriches the community by sparking a love of learning in its youth and nourishing that love in its adult citizens. The Library is a vibrant touch-point for learning and exploration offering a personal approach that creates a welcoming environment for all members of the community. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Develop comprehensive long range plan. Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the library’s print reference material to determine if library space can be reallocated for other uses. CITYWIDE GOAL (3) – PROVIDE QUALITY LEISURE OPPORTUNITIES Continue to provide the summer reading program, story time for preschoolers, open wi fi access, and 10 computer workstations available to library patrons. Maintain access to Overdrive e-books and audio books. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | COMMUNITY SERVICES LIBRARY | 01/13 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | 148,707 | 151,401 | | | | SUPPLIES | 1,051 | 1,350 | 1,350 | 1,350 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 4,104 | 4,675 | 3,520 | 4,425 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | 12,819 | 14,000 | 14,000 | 14,000 | | **PROGRAM TOTAL** | 166,681 | 171,426 | 169,834 | 174,636 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Library Director | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Library Assistant | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | **TOTAL FULL TIME:** | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Library Clerk | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | | Library Clerk | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | | **TOTAL PART TIME:** | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | **TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT** | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Library | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |---------------------------------------|----------------|----------------|-------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | Library Visits | 13,080 | 13,441 | 13,605 | 13,800 | | Items Circulated | 31,912 | 28,163 | 30,090 | 31,000 | | New Patron Cards Issued | 786 | 857 | 849 | 875 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | Number of Library Visits per Library Employee | 4,360 | 4,480 | 4,535 | 4,600 | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | Percentage of City Population Served | 25% | 25% | 24% | 25% | Senior Center 1. Provides activities for senior citizens. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Seagoville Senior Center is reaching out to persons 60 years of age and older with the greatest economic and social needs, with particular attention to individuals residing in Seagoville. We plan, develop and coordinate services that ensure positive impact to our participants’ health, honor and dignity. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (3) – PROVIDE QUALITY LEISURE OPPORTUNITIES Conduct outreach to seniors through presentations at senior living apartments, center brochures, monthly calendars, weekly newspaper, welcome coffee, phone calls and word of mouth. In association with STAR transit services, provide medical transportation to any disabled person or senior 60 years or older living within the city limits of Seagoville. Provide transportation to and from the senior center 5 days a week. To serve a congregate meal 5 days a week to any qualifying person 60 years of age or older or their spouse. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | COMMUNITY SERVICES SENIOR CENTER | 01/14 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | 112,434 | 116,601 | 117,102 | 117,587 | | SUPPLIES | 3,683 | 3,800 | 4,200 | 4,300 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 70,131 | 69,630 | 69,230 | 70,150 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 186,248 | 190,031 | 190,532 | 192,037 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Manager | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Outreach Worker | 0.5 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | | Van Driver | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Maintenance Worker | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | | Food Server | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 1.58 | 1.58 | 1.58 | 1.58 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 2.58 | 2.58 | 2.58 | 2.58 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | Meals Served | 11,200 | 11,050 | 11,050 | 11,550 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | Cost Per Meal Served | $3.70 | $3.70 | $3.70 | $3.75 | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | Senior Center Customer Satisfaction Survey | 99% | 99% | 99% | 99% | Sanitation 1. Administer the contract with Republic Services for city-wide solid waste removal. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | COMMUNITY SERVICES SANITATION | 01/16 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | | | | | | SUPPLIES | | | | | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 686,551 | 682,920 | 691,413 | 697,400 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 686,551 | 682,920 | 691,413 | 697,400 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Building Inspection and Services Building Inspection 1. Reviews plans and performs on-site inspections for compliance. 2. Issues permits and certificates. Building Services 1. Maintain City buildings. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Building Inspection and Services PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Building Inspection program provides public safety by enforcing local and state regulations and codes relative to the construction, enlargement, alteration, repair, demolition, occupancy, etc., of all buildings or structures in the city. Building Services strives to maintain a clean, safe and effective environment for city employees at city facilities. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (4) – SUPPORT ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES The goal of the Building Inspection Department is to provide customer service to the citizens of Seagoville and the construction community by providing a safe, durably built environment through the enforcement of the codes and standards adopted by the City of Seagoville throughout FY 2017. Building Maintenance will provide a clean and healthy environment at City Hall and at the Police Department on a weekly basis for city employees and citizens of our community to conduct their business. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT | 01/06 | | BUILDING INSPECTION AND SERVICES | | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | | | | | | | | | PERSONNEL | 126,200 | 139,121 | 137,905 | 194,881 | | SUPPLIES | 3,713 | 6,800 | 6,020 | 6,600 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 47,538 | 56,425 | 50,810 | 51,700 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 177,451 | 202,346 | 194,735 | 253,181 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | | | | | | | | | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Chief Building Official | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | | Community Development Director | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | Building Maintenance Technician | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Administrative Assistant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Code Enforcement separated from Building Inspection/Building Services in FY 2015. **PERSONNEL** - Administrative Assistant position added in FY 2016. Position moved from W&S Customer Service. ## Department: Building Inspection and Building Services | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | Number of Building Inspections | 2,300 | 2,400 | 2,460 | 2,500 | | Number of Facilities Cleaned | 2 daily | 2 daily | 4 | 4 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | Average Time to Complete an Inspection (minutes) | | | | | | Certificate of Occupancy | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | | Frame Inspection | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | | Plumbing Inspection | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | | Roof Inspection | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | | Slab Inspection | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | Ensure all Building Projects Meet Recognized Standards for Building Safety and Code Compliance | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | Streets 1. Maintain approximately 85 street lane miles, filling potholes, cleaning ditches, maintaining signage and pavement markings in the City. 2. Takes care of illegal dumping, sanding streets during icy weather, culvert installation & maintenance. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Streets City Manager Director of Community Development Maintenance Employees PROGRAM DESCRIPTION Maintain Seagoville’s transportation infrastructure in a timely manner, and for sign maintenance and/or replacement. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (5) – INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Provide superior pavement maintenance services by performing preventive maintenance repairs to various streets annually. Install, upgrade and maintain adequate signage in compliance with the Texas Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Take monthly training classes. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT | 01/15 | | STREETS | | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 AMENDED | FY 16 PROJECTED | FY 17 PROPOSED | |------------------------|---------|---------------|-----------------|----------------| | PERSONNEL | 25,429 | 117,083 | 86,177 | 115,832 | | SUPPLIES | 46,497 | 48,000 | 44,100 | 47,400 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 326,071 | 333,800 | 317,405 | 329,600 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 397,997 | 498,883 | 447,682 | 492,832 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 AMENDED | FY 16 PROJECTED | FY 17 PROPOSED | |------------------------|---------|---------------|-----------------|----------------| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Streets Maintenance Worker | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Litter Crew Worker | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Streets | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | Number of street lane miles. Repaint all school crosswalks prior to beginning of school. | 85 Yes | 85 Yes | 85 Yes | 85 Yes | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | Operating cost per Lane Mile | $4,925.00 | $4,857.00 | $5,266.85 | $5,798.02 | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | % of potholes and utility cut repair requests completed within 48 Hrs. Number of street signs replaced within 30 day time frame. | 80% 90% | 100% 100% | 100% 100% | 100% 100% | Parks 1. Groundkeeping services for 8 parks and other City facilities. 2. Routine repair and maintenance of park facilities and equipment. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Parks City Manager Director of Community Development Maintenance Employee PROGRAM DESCRIPTION To provide quality leisure experiences, facilities and programs for the citizens of Seagoville regardless of age or abilities, and to serve as stewards of our parks and natural open space. The Park Department maintains eight (8) parks, approximately 2.5 miles of medians, the Law Enforcement Center lawn, the City Hall lawn, the Service Center grounds, and other miscellaneous properties throughout Seagoville. Other than grounds keeping, daily maintenance is done on playground equipment, restroom facilities, ball fields, park signage, Central Park pond and fountain, park benches and canopies, lighting, and other items. Additionally, the Parks and Recreation Department offers special events such as the Patriotic Festival in July, and carnivals. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (3) – PROVIDE QUALITY LEISURE OPPORTUNITIES Operate the newly installed spray park at C.O. Bruce Park Host the annual Patriotic Festival, Seagofest, Fishing Derby, Holiday Tree Lighting and Mayfest. CITYWIDE GOAL (5) – INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Engage in beautification and enhancement of City parks and facilities. Provide upgrades to facilities to improve user satisfaction. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PARKS | 01/18 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | 44,278 | 45,413 | 46,397 | 49,331 | | SUPPLIES | 47,406 | 55,300 | 53,720 | 55,350 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 129,421 | 125,950 | 125,550 | 125,650 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 221,105 | 226,663 | 225,667 | 230,331 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Crew Leader | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Maintenance Apprentice| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: ## Department: Parks | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | Number of park acres maintained | 106 | 106 | 106 | 106 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | Park maintenance operating cost per capita | $14.15 | $14.74 | $14.92 | $15.22 | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | Achieve 100% maintenance on 106 acres of parks. | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | Planning 1. Processes and reviews all zoning applications, plat applications, development plans and various appeals. 2. Adheres to and maintains the Comprehensive Plan of the City PROGRAM DESCRIPTION To provide for proper planning to achieve the best use and development of land; adequate thoroughfares; and proper landscaping on behalf of the citizens of Seagoville. The Planning Department addresses all present and future development, planning, zoning, and subdivision needs. The Planning Technician is the liaison and secretary for the Planning and Zoning Commission, the Board of Adjustments, and the Housing Standards Commission. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (4) – SUPPORT ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES Update the City’s website to include more detail information and forms. Develop indexing system for approved commercial plans. Create information sheets and/or packets for submittal requirements on each type of plan and each type of permit. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING | 01/09 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROJECTED | PROPOSED | | PERSONNEL | 52,929 | 54,206 | 54,594 | 54,231 | | SUPPLIES | | | | | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 5,643 | 11,050 | 12,257 | 26,050 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 58,572 | 65,256 | 66,851 | 80,281 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROJECTED | PROPOSED | | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Planning Technician | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: **Contractual Services:** Increase in resources for consulting services. ## Department: Planning | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY2015 Actual | FY2016 Budget | FY2016 Projected | FY2017 Budget | |----------------------|---------------|---------------|------------------|---------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | Planning & Zoning Commission Agenda Packets | 13 | 10 | 13 | 12 | | Board of Adjustments: | | | | | | Agenda Packets | 6 | 5 | 7 | 6 | | Variance Cases | 7 | 6 | 9 | 6 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | % of Adjoining Property Owners Letters sent at least 10 Days Prior to Hearing | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | % of Zoning and Variance Cases processed in compliance with State Requirements | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | | Transcribed Minutes Accepted at the Next Planning & Zoning Meeting without Corrections | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | Code Enforcement 1. Enforces tall grass and other nuisance ordinances. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Code Enforcement City Manager Director of Community Development Senior Code Enforcement Official Junior Code Enforcement Official PROGRAM DESCRIPTION Code Enforcement protects the health and safety of city inhabitants by assuring compliance with the city’s land use, environmental and construction codes. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (4) – SUPPORT ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES Code Enforcement will assure compliance by providing education and encouraging the citizens in cases where compliance has not been met. Complaints received will be inspected within a 24 hour period upon receipt of said complaint. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CODE ENFORCEMENT | 01/25 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROJECTED | PROPOSED | | PERSONNEL | 107,203 | 108,796 | 108,796 | 108,843 | | SUPPLIES | 8,198 | 8,675 | 8,580 | 7,980 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 53,740 | 53,475 | 69,384 | 55,605 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 169,141 | 170,946 | 186,760 | 172,428 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROJECTED | PROPOSED | | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Senior Code Enforcement Official | | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Code Enforcement Official | | 1 | 1 | 1 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Code Enforcement separated from Building Inspection/Building Services in FY 2015. ## Department: Code Enforcement | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | Number of Code Enforcement Cases Reported | 1,450 | 1,500 | | | | Number of Code Enforcement Cases Closed | 1,425 | 1,470 | | | | Number Citations Issued | 100 | 125 | | | | Total Violations Cited | 130 | 160 | | | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | Number of Complaints per Code Enforcement Officer | 750 | 810 | | | | Number of Code Enforcement Officers | 2 | 2 | | | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | Percentage of Code Complaints resulting in Voluntary Compliance | 98.0% | 98.0% | | | Non-Departmental 1. Accounts for unemployment, property insurance and other general fund expenditures not identified with a specific department. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | NON-DEPARTMENTAL | 01/10 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | PROJECTED| PROPOSED| | | | BUDGET | | | | PERSONNEL | 65,816 | 80,700 | 70,820 | 80,700 | | SUPPLIES | 19,918 | 19,600 | 19,558 | 21,300 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 221,343 | 197,535 | 197,679 | 238,760 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 307,077 | 297,835 | 288,057 | 340,760 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | PROJECTED| PROPOSED| | | | BUDGET | | | | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | EQUIVALENT | | | | | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: **Contractual Services** Contingency expenditure is reinstated ($45,000) | | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | $11,760 | $15,518 | $15,518 | $11,630 | | **Revenues** | | | | | | Property Tax | $101,922 | $187,956 | $187,956 | $192,194 | | Interest Income | 8 | 25 | 20 | 25 | | **Total Revenues** | $101,930 | $187,981 | $187,976 | $192,219 | | **Total Available Funds** | $113,690 | $203,499 | $203,494 | $203,849 | | **Expenditures** | | | | | | Bond Principal | $185,556 | $153,333 | $153,333 | $116,111 | | Interest on Bonds | 91,487 | 82,170 | 82,170 | 74,726 | | Paying Agent Fees | 1,727 | 1,361 | 1,361 | 1,361 | | **Total Expenditures** | $278,770 | $236,864 | $236,864 | $192,198 | | **Transfers** | | | | | | From Capital Projects Fund | 66,409 | - | - | - | | From General Fund | - | 45,000 | 45,000 | - | | From Water & Sewer Fund | 114,189 | - | - | - | | **Total Transfers** | 180,598 | 45,000 | 45,000 | - | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $15,518 | $11,635 | $11,630 | $11,651 | | **Tax Rate** | 0.020710 | 0.038000 | 0.038000 | 0.036302 | Available to General Fund assuming $528,849,648 of valuation and maintaining the same tax revenue as the current year 0.677498 | FISCAL YEAR | BONDS DUE | INTEREST DUE | TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST | |-------------|---------------|--------------|----------------------------| | 2017 | 116,111.11 | 74,726.40 | 190,837.51 | | 2018 | 123,888.89 | 69,531.96 | 193,420.85 | | 2019 | 129,444.44 | 63,901.40 | 193,345.84 | | 2020 | 137,222.22 | 58,048.62 | 195,270.84 | | 2021 | 145,000.00 | 51,828.48 | 196,828.48 | | 2022 | 147,777.78 | 45,234.72 | 193,012.50 | | 2023 | 158,333.33 | 38,526.38 | 196,859.71 | | 2024 | 166,111.11 | 31,276.39 | 197,387.50 | | 2025 | 171,666.67 | 23,659.74 | 195,326.41 | | 2026 | 179,444.45 | 16,163.90 | 195,608.35 | | 2027 | 90,000.00 | 8,325.00 | 98,325.00 | | 2028 | 95,000.00 | 4,275.00 | 99,275.00 | | | 1,660,000.00 | 485,497.99 | 2,145,497.99 | | FISCAL YEAR | BONDS DUE | INTEREST DUE | TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST | |-------------|-------------|--------------|----------------------------| | 2017 | 61,111.11 | 31,995.14 | 93,106.25 | | 2018 | 63,888.89 | 29,550.70 | 93,439.59 | | 2019 | 69,444.44 | 26,995.14 | 96,439.58 | | 2020 | 72,222.22 | 24,217.36 | 96,439.58 | | 2021 | 75,000.00 | 21,328.48 | 96,328.48 | | 2022 | 77,777.78 | 18,234.72 | 96,012.50 | | 2023 | 83,333.33 | 15,026.38 | 98,359.71 | | 2024 | 86,111.11 | 11,526.39 | 97,637.50 | | 2025 | 91,666.67 | 7,909.74 | 99,576.41 | | 2026 | 94,444.45 | 4,013.90 | 98,458.35 | | TOTAL | 775,000.00 | 190,797.95 | 965,797.95 | Proceeds from the sale of the certificates were used for the purpose of paying all or a portion of the City's contractual obligations for (i) constructing and improving city streets; (ii) constructing and improving the City's waterworks and sewer system and (iii) for paying legal, fiscal, engineering and professional fees in connection therewith. | FISCAL YEAR | BONDS DUE | INTEREST DUE | TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST | |-------------|-----------|--------------|---------------------------| | 2017 | 55,000.00 | 42,731.26 | 97,731.26 | | 2018 | 60,000.00 | 39,981.26 | 99,981.26 | | 2019 | 60,000.00 | 36,906.26 | 96,906.26 | | 2020 | 65,000.00 | 33,831.26 | 98,831.26 | | 2021 | 70,000.00 | 30,500.00 | 100,500.00 | | 2022 | 70,000.00 | 27,000.00 | 97,000.00 | | 2023 | 75,000.00 | 23,500.00 | 98,500.00 | | 2024 | 80,000.00 | 19,750.00 | 99,750.00 | | 2025 | 80,000.00 | 15,750.00 | 95,750.00 | | 2026 | 85,000.00 | 12,150.00 | 97,150.00 | | 2027 | 90,000.00 | 8,325.00 | 98,325.00 | | 2028 | 95,000.00 | 4,275.00 | 99,275.00 | | **TOTAL** | **885,000.00** | **294,700.04** | **1,179,700.04** | Proceeds from the sale of the certificates are being used for the purpose of paying all or a portion of the City's contractual obligations for (i) constructing and improving city streets; (ii) constructing and improving the City's waterworks and sewer system; (iii) acquiring land and rights of way; and (iv) paying legal, engineering and professional fees in connection therewith. City of Seagoville, Texas Debt Service Fund Annual General Government Debt Requirements ## Seagoville Economic Development Corporation ### Fund Summary FY 2016 | Account Description | Actual FY 2014 | Actual FY 2015 | Budget FY 2016 | Projected FY 2016 | Adopted FY 2017 | |--------------------------------------|----------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|-----------------| | **Available Balance October 1** | | | | | | | | 145,110 | 673,856 | 1,287,310 | 1,287,310 | 1,458,337 | | **Revenues** | | | | | | | Sales Tax Revenues | 689,680 | 686,395 | 665,000 | 720,588 | 665,000 | | Rent Revenue | 14,400 | 11,200 | 12,600 | 12,600 | 12,600 | | Insurance Recovery | - | 51,150 | - | 10,000 | - | | Reimbursement | - | 6,331 | - | - | - | | Interest Income | 1,512 | 884 | 1,400 | 550 | 550 | | **Total Revenue** | 705,592 | 755,960 | 679,000 | 743,738 | 678,150 | | **Total Resources Available** | 850,702 | 1,429,816 | 1,966,310 | 2,031,048 | 2,136,487 | | **Expenditures** | | | | | | | Administrative Cost | 66,577 | 38,717 | 45,932 | 70,331 | 179,816 | | Operations | 70,349 | 64,230 | 73,090 | 86,014 | 80,690 | | Projects | 9,569 | 17,792 | 150,000 | 300,000 | - | | Transfer to City | - | - | - | - | - | | **City Projects** | | | | | | | Fireworks | 5,000 | 5,000 | 5,000 | 5,000 | 5,000 | | Kidfish Event | - | 723 | 1,250 | 1,250 | 1,250 | | Quality of Life Projects | - | - | 100,000 | - | 100,000 | | Debt Service | 25,351 | 16,044 | 176,046 | 102,045 | 176,046 | | Facade Improvement Program | - | - | 50,000 | 8,071 | 50,000 | | **Total Expenditures** | 176,846 | 142,505 | 601,318 | 572,711 | 592,802 | | **Fund Balance September 30** | 673,856 | 1,287,310 | 1,364,992 | 1,458,337 | 1,543,685 | CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS 2016-17 BUDGET WATER AND SEWER FUND Water & Sewer Revenues Total Budget $7,029,775 Water 44% Wastewater 44% All Other 3% Debt 9% Water & Sewer Expenditures Total Budget $7,010,121 Sewer Treatment 37% Water Purchases 16% Personnel 13% Capital Projects 19% Transfers 2% All Other 12% Debt 0% ## City of Seagoville ### Budget Summary #### Water and Sewer Fund | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Adopted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|-------------------|---------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Unrestricted Net Asset Balance** | $3,407,933 | $3,271,565 | $755,536 | $755,536 | $969,069 | | **Revenues** | | | | | | | Water Services | $2,186,797 | $2,428,637 | $2,371,804 | $2,446,565 | $3,117,634 | | Waste Water Service | 2,471,315 | 2,759,876 | 2,633,248 | 2,883,166 | 3,120,468 | | Debt Proceeds for Hwy 175 Gravity Main Construction | - | - | - | 600,000 | - | | Other Income | 170,990 | 199,339 | 199,256 | 207,747 | 191,673 | | **Total Revenues** | $4,829,101 | $5,387,852 | $5,204,308 | $5,537,478 | $7,029,775 | | **Total Available Funds** | $8,237,034 | $8,659,417 | $5,959,844 | $6,293,014 | $7,998,844 | | **Expenditures** | | | | | | | **Operating and Debt Expenses:** | | | | | | | Administrative | $234,883 | $235,208 | $251,316 | $168,070 | $162,070 | | Water | 1,222,435 | 1,408,864 | 1,493,684 | 1,478,300 | 1,526,322 | | Sewer | 1,693,769 | 1,558,218 | 2,179,092 | 2,125,714 | 2,190,151 | | Customer Service | 318,341 | 238,039 | 244,186 | 244,186 | 211,281 | | Non-Departmental | 122,416 | 114,201 | 142,606 | 139,606 | 143,606 | | Transfers Out | 220,118 | 465,693 | 377,304 | 396,751 | 377,304 | | NTMWD sewer treatment Increase | - | - | - | 191,787 | - | | Raw water purchase increase | - | - | - | 380,000 | - | | DWU sewer treatment increase | - | - | - | 4,000 | - | | Debt | 515,544 | 516,141 | 549,100 | 549,100 | 581,400 | | **Total** | 4,327,507 | 4,536,364 | 5,237,288 | 5,101,727 | 5,767,921 | | **Capital Outlay:** | | | | | | | Cain Street Water Tower | 369,112 | - | - | - | - | | Ballard Street Water Line | 199,051 | - | - | - | - | | Kleberg Road Water Line | 69,800 | - | - | - | - | | Truck Replacement | - | - | 60,000 | 56,500 | - | | Woodhaven Water line Project | - | - | - | - | 400,000 | | Hwy 175 Gravity Main Crossing | - | - | - | - | 600,000 | | @Environmental Way (funded by debt) | - | - | - | - | - | | Wastewater System Asset Inventory, Hydraulic Model and Master Plan | - | - | - | - | 174,200 | | Holt Cat Track Hoe | - | - | - | - | 43,000 | | Replacement Meter Services Truck | - | - | - | - | 25,000 | | 2015 Water Projects | - | 779,781 | - | 165,718 | - | | Reserve for 2015 Street Projects | - | 779,781 | 60,000 | 222,218 | 1,242,200 | | **Total Expenditures and Reserve** | 4,965,470 | 7,903,882 | 5,297,288 | 5,323,945 | 7,010,121 | | **Ending Unrestricted Net Asset Balance** | $3,271,565 | $755,536 | $662,556 | $969,069 | $988,723 | | 1 day of operations | $11,856 | $12,428 | $14,349 | $13,977 | $15,803 | | Days of Reserve Balance | 275.9 | 60.8 | 46.2 | 69.3 | 62.6 | Water and Sewer Administration W&S Administration 1. Provides department management, field supervision and clerical support CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Water and Sewer Administration City Manager Director of Utilities Clerk PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Administrative program of the Water and Sewer fund provides program management, field supervision and clerical support. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Ensure prompt notification to customers regarding failure issues. CITYWIDE GOAL (5) – INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Reduce operating costs through effective and efficient operational techniques. CITYWIDE GOAL (6) – RETAIN AND ATTRACT QUALITY EMPLOYEES Continue operator training to maintain State requirements and employee professionalism. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | WATER AND SEWER ADMINISTRATION | 20/05 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | PROJECTED| PROPOSED| | | | BUDGET | | | | PERSONNEL | 235,208 | 238,482 | 167,974 | 159,320 | | SUPPLIES | | | | | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | | 2,750 | 96 | 2,750 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 235,208 | 241,232 | 168,070 | 162,070 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | PROJECTED| PROPOSED| | | | BUDGET | | | | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Director | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Assistant Director | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | | Clerk | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Personnel expenditures decreased due to staff turnover. ## Department: Water and Sewer Administration | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | # of TCEQ State Reports (Monthly, Quarterly, Annually) | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | % of Departmental Purchase Orders / Check Requests Processed within 2 working days | NA | 100% | 80% | 100% | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | % of Citizen Request Responded to Favorably within 24 Hours | NA | 100% | 90% | 100% | Water Services 1. Responsible for all water system maintenance including Ard Road pump station, and elevated and ground storage tanks. CITY OF SEAGOVILLE, TEXAS Water Services City Manager Director of Utilities Assistant Director of Utilities Utilities Supervisor Maintenance Worker (1) Meter Readers (2) PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Water Operations Department is responsible for all water and sewer construction, such as new water and sewer taps, main line installation, and water and sewer main and service repairs. The system consists of approximately 105 miles of water mains ranging from ¾ inch to 18 inch in diameter. The department runs daily reservoir and tower inspections, daily and monthly water samples, monthly main line flushing, and a variety of other duties to maintain a safe, watertight system. Approximately 2 million gallons of water per day is pumped in the winter and up to 3 million gallons per day during the summer. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (5) – INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Ensure water system meets or exceeds EPA/TCEQ requirements for a public water system. Maintain the “Superior Water System” rating with TCEQ. Provide courteous and quality customer service with limited interruptions of water service. Adopt the TCEQ ACR (alternate capacity requirement) to provide 0.39 gallons per minute per connection. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | WATER SERVICES | 20/10 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 ACTUAL | FY 16 AMENDED BUDGET | FY 16 PROJECTED | FY 17 PROPOSED | |----------------------|--------------|-----------------------|-----------------|----------------| | PERSONNEL | 308,440 | 177,695 | 270,853 | 299,072 | | SUPPLIES | 164,196 | 196,900 | 185,348 | 197,400 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 936,228 | 1,048,660 | 990,100 | 1,374,850 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | 75,000 | 32,000 | 503,000 | | **PROGRAM TOTAL** | **1,408,864**| **1,498,255** | **1,478,301** | **2,374,322** | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 ACTUAL | FY 16 AMENDED BUDGET | FY 16 PROJECTED | FY 17 PROPOSED | |----------------------|--------------|-----------------------|-----------------|----------------| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Assistant Utilities Director | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | | Public Works Superintendent | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | | Utilities Supervisor | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Maintenance Worker | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Meter Service Technician | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | | **TOTAL FULL TIME:** | **5** | **5** | **5** | **5** | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | **TOTAL PART TIME:** | **0** | **0** | **0** | **0** | | **TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT** | **5** | **5** | **5** | **5** | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: **Contractual Services** - Provides resources for anticipated price increases and volumetric increases. **Capital Outlay** - Provides resources for the installation of the Woodhaven water line. ## Department: Water Services | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | Water Lines Maintained (in miles) | 105 | 105 | 107 | 107 | | Bacteriological Water Samplings | 180 | 180 | 184 | 192 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | Operational Cost per Mile of Water Lines | $13,417.75 | $14,211.00 | $13,815.90 | $17,488.99 | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | % of Unaccounted Water Loss | 13.50% | 4.00% | 8.00% | 4.00% | | # of Bacteriological Water Sample Positives | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sewer Services 1. Responsible for all sewer system maintenance, including 11 wastewater lift stations. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION To maintain a safe and clean environment for Seagoville by delivering wastewater to (1) the North Texas Municipal Water District lift station on Malloy Bridge Road and (2) the City of Dallas. The Sewer Operations Department takes care of all maintenance in the sewer system. The main responsibility is to keep 95 miles of sewer mains free from obstruction. The department utilizes a high pressure water jet to maintain free flow. Maintenance is both proactive and reactive. Staff flush mains on a routine basis and also respond to citizen calls daily. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2016 CITYWIDE GOAL (5) – INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE Provide a clean and healthy environment to the citizens and the public establishments of the City. Reduce inflow and infiltration into the sewer system by repairing and replacing damaged sewer mains and manholes. Reduce the number of sanitary sewer outflows to zero. Complete the CMOM (Capacity, Management, Operations and Maintenance) Plan. The plan provides guidance to assist staff in the application of sewer management best practices. Begin rehabilitation of the Stafford Addition community sewer infrastructure based on consultant’s recommendations. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | SEWER SERVICES | 20/20 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |--------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | PROJECTED| PROPOSED| | | | BUDGET | | | | PERSONNEL | 88,146 | 198,222 | 167,559 | 208,241 | | SUPPLIES | 209,871 | 193,950 | 190,520 | 195,550 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 1,260,201 | 1,787,960 | 1,767,635 | 2,156,347 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | 600,000 | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 1,558,218 | 2,180,132 | 2,125,714 | 3,160,138 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |--------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | PROJECTED| PROPOSED| | | | BUDGET | | | | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Public Wrks Superintendent| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Sewer Supervisor | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Sewer Supervisor | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Maintenance Worker | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT| 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: **Personnel** Includes increase healthcare fringe benefits and retirement **Contractual Services** Includes increased costs for sewerage treatment from North Texas Municipal Water District ($191,787). Also provides resources for the development of the Wastewater System Asset Inventory, Hydraulic Model and Master Plan ($174,200). **Capital Outlay** Provides resources for the construction of the Highway 175 gravity main crossing at Environmental Way road. This new main will help eliminate sanitary sewer overflows during heavy rains. This project will free employees to focus on other priorities, and reduce the amount spent on overtime and contractor pumping. ## Department: Sewer Services | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|-------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | Sewer Lines Maintained (in miles) | 95 | 95 | 97 | 97 | | # of Lift Stations | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | Operational Cost per Mile of Sewer Line | $16,402.29 | $22,948.76 | $21,914.58 | $26,393.18 | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | % of Service Calls Responded to within 120 Minutes | NA | 100% | 95% | 100% | Customer Service 1. Maintains utility billing records and accounts. 2. Bills and collects from utility customers. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION The Customer Service program processes utility billings and payments, issues various permits and serves as initial contact to customers/citizens entering City Hall. GOALS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2017 CITYWIDE GOAL (2) – OPEN, TRANSPARENT AND RESPONSIVE GOVERNANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES Continue providing customers the opportunity to pay utility bills through the City’s automated bank draft service Continue offering paperless billing to all customers Continue to provide customer service training to enhance customer relations ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | CUSTOMER SERVICE | 20/30 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | 174,531 | 184,508 | 184,508 | 147,130 | | SUPPLIES | 22,435 | 23,550 | 21,350 | 22,550 | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 41,074 | 40,601 | 40,138 | 41,601 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 238,039 | 248,659 | 245,996 | 211,281 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | Manager | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | | Customer Service/UB Technician | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | | Meter Service Technicians | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: **PERSONNEL:** Transferred Customer Service representative to General Fund Building Inspection Administrative Assistant. ## Department: Customer Service | PERFORMANCE MEASURES | FY 2015 Actual | FY 2016 Budget | FY 2016 Projected | FY 2017 Budget | |----------------------|----------------|----------------|------------------|----------------| | **OUTPUTS** | | | | | | Number of Water Accounts | 3,990 | 4,096 | 5,416 | 6,228 | | Number of Sewer Accounts | 3,700 | 4,033 | 5,089 | 5,852 | | Number of Cut-Off's | 1,964 | 1,249 | 2,139 | 2,340 | | **EFFICIENCIES** | | | | | | Number of Accounts per Utility Customer Service Representative | | | | | | Water | 998 | 1,024 | 1,354 | 2,076 | | Sewer | 925 | 1,008 | 1,272 | 1,951 | | **EFFECTIVENESS** | | | | | | %tage of Payments Processed and Deposited Within One Day of Receipt | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | Non-Departmental 1. Accounts for unemployment, property insurance and other enterprise fund expenditures not identified with a specific department. ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | NONDEPARTMENTAL | 20/50 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROJECTED | PROPOSED | | PERSONNEL | 16,920 | 20,531 | 15,899 | 20,531 | | SUPPLIES | | | | | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 562,974 | 499,379 | 520,458 | 500,379 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 579,894 | 519,910 | 536,357 | 520,910 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |----------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROJECTED | PROPOSED | | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | EQUIVALENT | | | | | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: **Contractual Services:** FY 2017 budget provides $352,304 in transfers to the General Fund ## PROGRAM SUMMARY | DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM NAME: | FUND/DEPARTMENT/PROGRAM CODE: | |--------------------------|-------------------------------| | DEBT SERVICE | 21/1 | ### PROGRAM EXPENDITURES: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | PERSONNEL | | | | | | SUPPLIES | | | | | | CONTRACTUAL SERVICES | 516,141 | 549,100 | 549,100 | 581,400 | | CAPITAL OUTLAY | | | | | | PROGRAM TOTAL | 516,141 | 549,100 | 549,100 | 581,400 | ### PERSONNEL SUMMARY: | | FY 15 | FY 16 | FY 16 | FY 17 | |------------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------| | | ACTUAL | AMENDED | BUDGET | PROPOSED| | FULL TIME POSITIONS: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL FULL TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | PART TIME POSITIONS: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL PART TIME: | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | TOTAL FULL TIME EQUIVALENT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ### SIGNIFICANT BUDGET CHANGES: Includes debt service for the proposed FY 2017 certificates of obligation to provide resources for the Highway 175 gravity main crossing project at Environmental Way. | FISCAL YEAR | BONDS DUE | INTEREST DUE | TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST | |-------------|---------------|--------------|----------------------------| | 2017 | 343,888.89 | 235,964.88 | 579,853.77 | | 2018 | 356,111.11 | 225,359.32 | 581,470.43 | | 2019 | 365,555.56 | 212,664.88 | 578,220.44 | | 2020 | 377,777.78 | 198,092.66 | 575,870.44 | | 2021 | 395,000.00 | 182,975.28 | 577,975.28 | | 2022 | 407,222.22 | 167,150.28 | 574,372.50 | | 2023 | 421,666.67 | 150,783.62 | 572,450.29 | | 2024 | 443,888.89 | 133,733.61 | 577,622.50 | | 2025 | 463,333.33 | 115,940.26 | 579,273.59 | | 2026 | 480,555.55 | 98,023.60 | 578,579.15 | | 2027 | 500,000.00 | 82,387.50 | 582,387.50 | | 2028 | 520,000.00 | 66,012.50 | 586,012.50 | | 2029 | 265,000.00 | 48,837.50 | 313,837.50 | | 2030 | 275,000.00 | 43,337.50 | 318,337.50 | | 2031 | 280,000.00 | 37,150.00 | 317,150.00 | | 2032 | 235,000.00 | 30,825.00 | 265,825.00 | | 2033 | 245,000.00 | 23,775.00 | 268,775.00 | | 2034 | 250,000.00 | 16,425.00 | 266,425.00 | | 2035 | 255,000.00 | 8,925.00 | 263,925.00 | | **TOTAL** | **6,880,000.00** | **2,078,363.39** | **8,958,363.39** | | FISCAL YEAR | BONDS DUE | INTEREST DUE | TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST | |-------------|-------------|--------------|----------------------------| | 2017 | 48,888.89 | 25,596.12 | 74,485.01 | | 2018 | 51,111.11 | 23,640.56 | 74,751.67 | | 2019 | 55,555.56 | 21,596.12 | 77,151.68 | | 2020 | 57,777.78 | 19,373.90 | 77,151.68 | | 2021 | 60,000.00 | 17,062.78 | 77,062.78 | | 2022 | 62,222.22 | 14,587.78 | 76,810.00 | | 2023 | 66,666.67 | 12,021.12 | 78,687.79 | | 2024 | 68,888.89 | 9,221.11 | 78,110.00 | | 2025 | 73,333.33 | 6,327.76 | 79,661.09 | | 2026 | 75,555.55 | 3,211.10 | 78,766.65 | | **TOTAL** | **620,000.00** | **152,638.35** | **772,638.35** | | FISCAL YEAR | BONDS DUE | INTEREST DUE | TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST | |-------------|-----------|--------------|---------------------------| | 2017 | 115,000.00| 90,756.26 | 205,756.26 | | 2018 | 120,000.00| 85,006.26 | 205,006.26 | | 2019 | 120,000.00| 78,856.26 | 198,856.26 | | 2020 | 125,000.00| 72,706.26 | 197,706.26 | | 2021 | 135,000.00| 66,300.00 | 201,300.00 | | 2022 | 140,000.00| 59,550.00 | 199,550.00 | | 2023 | 145,000.00| 52,550.00 | 197,550.00 | | 2024 | 150,000.00| 45,300.00 | 195,300.00 | | 2025 | 160,000.00| 37,800.00 | 197,800.00 | | 2026 | 165,000.00| 30,600.00 | 195,600.00 | | 2027 | 250,000.00| 23,175.00 | 273,175.00 | | 2028 | 265,000.00| 11,925.00 | 276,925.00 | | **TOTAL** | **1,890,000.00** | **654,525.04** | **2,544,525.04** | | FISCAL YEAR | BONDS DUE | INTEREST DUE | TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST | |-------------|------------|--------------|---------------------------| | 2017 | 145,000.00 | 119,612.50 | 264,612.50 | | 2018 | 150,000.00 | 116,712.50 | 266,712.50 | | 2019 | 155,000.00 | 112,212.50 | 267,212.50 | | 2020 | 160,000.00 | 106,012.50 | 266,012.50 | | 2021 | 165,000.00 | 99,612.50 | 264,612.50 | | 2022 | 170,000.00 | 93,012.50 | 263,012.50 | | 2023 | 175,000.00 | 86,212.50 | 261,212.50 | | 2024 | 185,000.00 | 79,212.50 | 264,212.50 | | 2025 | 190,000.00 | 71,812.50 | 261,812.50 | | 2026 | 200,000.00 | 64,212.50 | 264,212.50 | | 2027 | 205,000.00 | 59,212.50 | 264,212.50 | | 2028 | 210,000.00 | 54,087.50 | 264,087.50 | | 2029 | 220,000.00 | 48,837.50 | 268,837.50 | | 2030 | 225,000.00 | 43,337.50 | 268,337.50 | | 2031 | 230,000.00 | 37,150.00 | 267,150.00 | | 2032 | 235,000.00 | 30,825.00 | 265,825.00 | | 2033 | 245,000.00 | 23,775.00 | 268,775.00 | | 2034 | 250,000.00 | 16,425.00 | 266,425.00 | | 2035 | 255,000.00 | 8,925.00 | 263,925.00 | | **TOTAL** | **3,770,000.00** | **1,271,200.00** | **5,041,200.00** | | FISCAL YEAR | BONDS DUE | INTEREST DUE | TOTAL PRINCIPAL & INTEREST | |-------------|-----------|--------------|---------------------------| | 2017 | 35,000.00 | 18,113.06 | 53,113.06 | | 2018 | 35,000.00 | 19,000.00 | 54,000.00 | | 2019 | 35,000.00 | 18,300.00 | 53,300.00 | | 2020 | 35,000.00 | 17,600.00 | 52,600.00 | | 2021 | 35,000.00 | 16,550.00 | 51,550.00 | | 2022 | 35,000.00 | 15,500.00 | 50,500.00 | | 2023 | 35,000.00 | 14,450.00 | 49,450.00 | | 2024 | 40,000.00 | 13,400.00 | 53,400.00 | | 2025 | 40,000.00 | 12,200.00 | 52,200.00 | | 2026 | 40,000.00 | 11,000.00 | 51,000.00 | | 2027 | 45,000.00 | 9,400.00 | 54,400.00 | | 2028 | 45,000.00 | 7,600.00 | 52,600.00 | | 2029 | 45,000.00 | 5,800.00 | 50,800.00 | | 2030 | 50,000.00 | 4,000.00 | 54,000.00 | | 2031 | 50,000.00 | 2,000.00 | 52,000.00 | | **TOTAL** | **600,000.00** | **184,913.06** | **784,913.06** | City of Seagoville Water Sewer Fund Annual Water and Sewer Debt Service Requirements 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 City of Seagoville, Texas Special Revenue Funds Overview City of Seagoville Library - Small Grants (Fund 32) - Municipal Court (Fund 36) Police Department - Police Forfeiture (Funds 29 and 30) - Police Training (Fund 52) - Animal Shelter (Funds 45 and 46) City Manager - Hotel/Motel (Fund 39) Community Development - Park Development (Fund 38) - Park Maintenance (Fund 42) - FY 2015 Streets CIP (Fund 41) Public Works - Stormwater (Fund 61) - Recycling Revenue (Fund 35) - Vehicle Replacement (Fund 47) | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | $1,673 | $5,165 | $2,702 | $2,702 | $2,192 | | **Revenues** | | | | | | | Revenue from seizures | $40,571 | $1,150 | $30,000 | $0 | $0 | | Miscellaneous | - | - | - | 515 | 623 | | **Total Revenues** | $40,571 | $1,150 | $30,000 | $515 | $623 | | **Total Available Funds** | $42,245 | $6,316 | $32,702 | $3,217 | $2,815 | | **Expenditures** | | | | | | | Police | $37,080 | $3,614 | $30,697 | $1,025 | $0 | | **Total Operations** | $37,080 | $3,614 | $30,697 | $1,025 | $0 | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $5,165 | $2,702 | $2,005 | $2,192 | $2,815 | Established to account for revenues accumulated and restricted to expenditure for police operations. City of Seagoville, Texas Budget Summary Police Federal Forfeiture Fund (Fund 30) | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | $1,582 | $1,582 | $1,582 | $1,582 | $1,582 | | **Revenues** | | | | | | | Revenue from seizures | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | | **Total Revenues** | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | | **Total Available Funds** | $1,582 | $1,582 | $1,582 | $1,582 | $1,582 | | **Expenditures** | | | | | | | Police | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | | **Total Operations** | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $1,582 | $1,582 | $1,582 | $1,582 | $1,582 | Established to account for revenues accumulated and restricted to expenditure for police operations. | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | $9,588 | $11,374 | $11,374 | $11,374 | $12,871 | | **Revenues** | | | | | | | Library | $2,876 | $1,085 | $2,550 | $2,380 | $2,550 | | Donations | 625 | - | - | - | - | | Police | 2,130 | 2,111 | - | 2,174 | - | | **Total Revenues** | 5,631 | 3,196 | 2,550 | 4,553 | 2,550 | | **Total Available Funds** | $15,219 | $14,570 | $13,924 | $15,928 | $15,421 | | **Expenditures** | | | | | | | Community Development | $830 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | | Community Support | 1,391 | 1,689 | 2,550 | 1,110 | 2,550 | | Public Safety | 1,624 | 2,442 | - | 1,947 | 227 | | **Total Expenditures** | 3,845 | 4,130 | 2,550 | 3,057 | 2,777 | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $11,374 | $10,440 | $11,374 | $12,871 | $12,644 | **Note: FY 2017** Includes $1,000 WalMart grant for funding Summer Reading Club. Additionally, includes $750 ONCOR grant for Keep Seagoville Beautiful for Christmas tree lighting and Arbor Day. Includes $800 in Arbor Tree sales. | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | $1,809 | $1,436 | $970 | $970 | $2,377 | | **Revenues** | | | | | | | Fees | $0 | $432 | $0 | $2,121 | $500 | | **Total Revenues** | $0 | $432 | $0 | $2,121 | $500 | | **Total Available Funds** | $1,809 | $1,868 | $970 | $3,090 | $2,877 | | **Expenditures** | | | | | | | Supplies | $373 | $897 | $0 | $713 | $500 | | **Total Expenditures** | $373 | $897 | $0 | $713 | $500 | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $1,436 | $970 | $970 | $2,377 | $2,377 | **Note:** Accounts for disposal fees and expenditures of recyclable materials | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | | | | | | | Revenues | $45,008 | $26,642 | $28,092 | $28,092 | $31,774 | | Fines | $10,383 | $7,430 | $13,605 | $7,882 | $7,500 | | **Total Available Funds** | $55,391 | $34,072 | $41,697 | $35,974 | $39,274 | | **Expenditures** | $28,749 | $5,979 | $19,428 | $4,200 | | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $26,642 | $28,092 | $22,269 | $31,774 | $39,274 | **Note:** FY 2017 proposed expenditures include $2,736 for bailiff pay, $1,596 for the maintenance of the automated cash drawer and printer, $3,972 for the maintenance of the camera security system, $10,668 for annual maintenance of the court software system and $456 for miscellaneous supplies. City of Seagoville, Texas Budget Summary Park Development Fund (Fund 38) | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | $0 | $0 | $58,000 | $58,000 | $58,000 | | **Revenues:** | | | | | | | Development Fees | 0 | 58,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | **Total Available Funds** | $0 | $58,000 | $58,000 | $58,000 | $58,000 | | **Expenditures** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $0 | $58,000 | $58,000 | $58,000 | $58,000 | Established to account for resources provided by the park development fee utilized for the development of amenities and improvements on park dedicated land to meet the standards for a neighborhood park to serve the area in which the new subdivision is located. All funds collected by this dedication process will be deposited in the City's Park Development Fund and used solely for the purchase or leasing of park land and the development of same. Any monies paid into the said Fund must be expended by the City within ten (10) years from the date received by the City. | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | | | | | | | **Revenues:** | | | | | | | Hotel Motel Occupancy Tax | $5,785 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | | | 20,411 | 25,350 | 15,000 | 30,000 | 24,000 | | **Total Available Funds** | $26,196 | $25,350 | $15,000 | $30,000 | $24,000 | | **Expenditures:** | | | | | | | Chamber of Commerce | $26,196 | $25,350 | $15,000 | $30,000 | $24,000 | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | Note: Funds local Chamber of Commerce activities. ## City of Seagoville, Texas ### Budget Summary #### FY 2015 Street Projects Fund (Fund 41) | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | $0 | $0 | $2,587,737 | $2,587,737 | $1,878,759 | | **Revenues** | | | | | | | Bond Proceeds | - | 4,131,627 | - | - | - | | Interest | - | 1,514 | 2,000 | 3,000 | 2,000 | | **Total Revenues** | $0 | $4,133,141 | $2,000 | $3,000 | $2,000 | | **Total Available Funds** | $0 | $4,133,141 | $2,589,737 | $2,590,737 | $1,880,759 | | **Expenditures** | | | | | | | Capital Outlay | - | 1,393,777 | 2,034,500 | 711,978 | 1,774,815 | | Bond Fees | - | 151,627 | - | - | - | | **Total Expenditures** | $0 | $1,545,404 | $2,034,500 | $711,978 | $1,774,815 | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $0 | $2,587,737 | $555,237 | $1,878,759 | $105,944 | **Note:** **FY 2015 Capital Projects** | Project | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |-------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | Catherine Lane | 123,424 | 35,146 | | | | | Shady Lane | 119,021 | - | | | | | Woodhaven | 12,975 | 737,025 | | | | | Ard Road | 11,939 | - | | | | | S. Kaufman | 1,726 | - | | | | | Stark Road | 1,954 | - | | | | | Lasater/Simonds | - | 162,000 | | | | | Robinwood | 391,185 | - | | | | | Shadybrook | 895 | 135,105 | | | | | Elizabeth/Tunell | 23,593 | 511,757 | | | | | Bowers/Elmo/Seago | 1,789 | 176,211 | | | | | Sidewalks | 21,650 | 3,350 | | | | | Signs and Markings | 1,827 | 14,221 | | | | $711,978 $1,774,815 **Note:** This fund is established to account for street improvement projects funded by the FY 2015 certificate of obligation bonds. City of Seagoville, Texas Budget Summary Park Maintenance Fund (Fund 42) | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|---------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $1,685 | | **Revenue:** | | | | | | | SYSA Fees | $0 | $0 | $0 | $1,685 | $2,000 | | **Total Available Funds** | $0 | $0 | $0 | $1,685 | $3,685 | | **Expenditures:** | | | | | | | Community Development | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $0 | $0 | $0 | $1,685 | $3,685 | Established to account for donations received and utilized for the resources generated and utilized to maintain City parks. | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | | **Revenue:** | | | | | | | Interest | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $100 | | **Total Available Funds** | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $100 | | **Expenditures:** | | | | | | | Community Development | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | | **Transfer:** | | | | | | | From General Fund | | | | | $120,000 | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $120,100 | Established to account for the accumulation of resources for street maintenance City of Seagoville, Texas Budget Summary Animal Shelter Operations Fund (Fund 45) | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | | | | | | | Revenue: | | | | | | | Donations | $2,335 | $4,941 | $1,500 | $3,000 | $1,500 | | **Total Available Funds** | $8,495 | $9,124 | $7,210 | $8,710 | $5,210 | | **Expenditures:** | | | | | | | Public Safety | $4,311 | $3,414 | $3,000 | $5,000 | $3,000 | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $4,184 | $5,710 | $4,210 | $3,710 | $2,210 | Established to account for donations received and utilized for the operations of the City's animal shelter. City of Seagoville, Texas Budget Summary Animal Shelter Building Fund (Fund 46) | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | $4,489 | $4,489 | $4,489 | $4,489 | $4,489 | | **Revenues:** | | | | | | | Donations | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | | **Total Available Funds** | $4,489 | $4,489 | $4,489 | $4,489 | $4,489 | | **Expenditures** | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $4,489 | $4,489 | $4,489 | $4,489 | $4,489 | Established to accumulate resources for the construction of a future animal shelter. | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | $0 | $0 | $2,312 | $2,312 | $81,676 | | **Revenues:** | | | | | | | Sales of Surplus Property | $0 | $2,312 | $0 | $30,100 | $2,500 | | Insurance Recovery | - | - | - | 7,264 | - | | **Total Available Funds** | $0 | $2,312 | $2,312 | $39,676 | $84,176 | | **Expenditures** | - | - | - | - | - | | **Transfers:** | | | | | | | From General Fund | - | - | 42,000 | 42,000 | 42,000 | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $0 | $2,312 | $44,312 | $81,676 | $126,176 | Established to account for resources accumulated and utilized for vehicle replacement. | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | | | | | | | Revenues: | | | | | | | Training Revenues | ($501) | $2,036 | $5,150 | $5,150 | $5,150 | | | $3,410 | $3,114 | $3,000 | $0 | $3,000 | | **Total Available Funds** | $2,909 | $5,150 | $8,150 | $5,150 | $8,150 | | **Expenditures** | $873 | - | $5,000 | - | $5,000 | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $2,036 | $5,150 | $3,150 | $5,150 | $3,150 | Established to account for resources provided and utilized for public safety training initiatives. City of Seagoville, Texas Budget Summary Storm Water Fund (Fund 61) | | Actual 2013-2014 | Actual 2014-2015 | Budgeted 2015-2016 | Projected 2015-2016 | Proposed 2016-2017 | |--------------------------------|------------------|------------------|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------| | **Beginning Fund Balance** | $54,587 | $62,660 | $75,764 | $75,764 | $104,989 | | **Revenues** | | | | | | | Storm Water Fees | 53,015 | 55,774 | 82,800 | 67,425 | 82,800 | | **Total Revenues** | 53,015 | 55,774 | 82,800 | 67,425 | 82,800 | | **Total Available Funds** | $107,602 | $118,434 | $158,564 | $143,189 | $187,789 | | **Expenditures** | | | | | | | Supplies | 505 | - | 2,100 | - | 2,100 | | Contractual Services | 44,437 | 42,670 | 53,200 | 10,600 | 53,200 | | Transfer to General Fund | - | - | 27,600 | 27,600 | 27,600 | | **Total Expenditures** | $44,942 | $42,670 | $82,900 | $38,200 | $82,900 | | **Ending Fund Balance** | $62,660 | $75,764 | $75,664 | $104,989 | $104,889 | For FY 2015, the Drainage Fund will be utilized to implement the components of the City’s new Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP). The SWMP and a Notice of Intent (NOI) for coverage under the new Texas Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Stormwater Phase II MS4 General Permit were submitted to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) in June, 2014. Consultant Services will be retained to assist city staff in ensuring required goals are being met and preparing necessary reports for submission to the TCEQ. Other tasks for FY 17 will be to adopt and document procedures to address stormwater pollution, litter control additional public outreach, training, construction site inspections, and mapping city drainage systems. The annual budget contains specialized and technical terminology that is unique to public finance and budgeting. To assist the reader in understanding these terms, this list of acronyms has been included in the budget document. | Acronym | Description | |---------|-------------| | ACM | Assistant City Manager | | Adm | Administrative | | C. O. | Certificate of Obligation | | CAD | Computer aided dispatch | | CAFR | Comprehensive Annual Financial Report | | CIP | Capital improvement program | | CPA | Certified Public Accountant | | Code Enf. | Code Enforcement | | DWI | Driving while intoxicated | | DWU | Dallas Water Utilities | | EMS | Emergency Medical Services | | EPA | Environmental Protection Agency | | F. H. | Fire hydrants | | FMLA | Family Medical Leave Act | | FT | Full time | | FY | Fiscal year | | FYE | Fiscal year end | | GAAP | Generally accepted accounting principles | | G&A | General and administrative | | G. O. | General obligation | GFOA Government Finance Officers Association HR Human Resources Department I&I Infiltration and inflow I&S Interest and sinking fund Info Information ISD Independent School District IT Information Technology L. F. Linear feet LEFIS Lower East Fork Interceptor System M&O Maintenance and Operations MGD Million gallons per day Mgr Manager NCIC National Crime Information Center NCTCOG North Central Texas Council of Governments ONCOR Utility company OT Overtime P/Z Planning and Zoning Department Part. Contrib. Participant contribution Part I Crimes Murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. Prop Property PT Part time PWD Public Works Director R&R Repair and replacement SAFER Staffing for Adequate Fire and Emergency Response SEDC Seagoville Economic Development Corporation Sr. Senior SWAT Seagoville Work Action Team TCEQ Texas Commission on Environmental Quality TCIC Texas Crime Information Center TCLEOSE Texas Commission on Law Enforcement Officers Standards and Education W&S Water and sewer The annual budget contains specialized and technical terminology that is unique to public finance and budgeting. To assist the reader in understanding these terms, this glossary has been included in the budget document. Activity - A service performed by a department or division. Accrual Basis of Accounting – A basis of accounting in which revenues are recognized in the accounting period in which they are earned, and expenses are recognized in the period in which they are incurred. For example, water revenues which, are billed in September, are recorded as revenues in September, even though payment in cash actually received in October. Similarly, services or supplies which have been received in September, but actually paid for by the City (expenses) in September. Accrual accounting is used for the City’s enterprise funds. Adopted Budget – The budget as modified and finally approved by the City Council. The adopted budget is authorized by ordinance, which sets the legal spending limits for the fiscal year. Ad Valorem Tax – A tax levied on the assessed valuation of land and improvements. Animal Shelter Operations Fund - Accounts to fund all donations and related expenditures for the operation of the animal shelter. Appropriation Ordinance – The official enactment by the City Council establishing the legal authority for City officials to obligate and expend resources. Assessed Valuation - A valuation set upon real and personal property by the County Appraisal District as a basis for levying taxes. Assets – Resources owned or held by the City which have monetary value. Balanced Budget – A budget adopted by the legislative body and authorized by ordinance where the proposed expenditures are equal to or less than the proposed revenues plus fund balances. Basis of Accounting – A term used referring as to when revenues, expenditures, expenses, and transfers and related assets and liabilities – are recognized in the accounts and reported in the City’s financial statements. Bond – A promise to repay borrowed money on a particular date, including the payment of a specified dollar amount of interest at predetermined intervals, often twenty years in the future. Budget - A financial plan for a specified period of time that matches all planned revenues and expenditures with various municipal services. It is the primary means by which most of the expenditure and service delivery activities of a government are controlled. Budget Adjustment (Amendment) – A formal legal procedure utilized by the City to revise a budget during a fiscal year. Budget Calendar – The schedule of dates used as a guide to complete the various steps of the budget preparation and adoption processes. Budget Message – The opening section of the budget document from the City Manager which provides the City Council and the public with a general summary of the most important aspects of the budget. Sometimes referred to as a “transmittal letter.” Budgetary Control – The control of management of the organization in accordance with an approved budget for the purpose of keeping expenditures within the limitations of available appropriations and revenues. Capital Improvement Program - This is the City's plan to finance major infrastructure development and improvement. It is primarily funded through General Obligation bonds, Certificates of obligation and Revenue bonds. Capital Outlay – An expenditure which results in the acquisition of or addition to fixed assets, and meets these criteria: having an anticipated useful life of more than one year; can be permanently identified as an individual unit of property; belonging to one of the following categories – land, building, machinery and equipment, vehicles, or furniture and fixtures; constitutes a tangible, permanent addition to the value of City assets; does not constitute repair or maintenance; and is not readily susceptible to loss. In the budget, capital outlay is budgeted as expenditures in all fund types. Capital Project Fund – A fund used to account for the financial resources to be used for the acquisition or construction of major capital facilities or equipment, usually financed by the issuance of debt. Certificates Of Obligation – Tax supported bonds that are similar to general obligation bonds and can be issued after meeting strict publication requirements and with final approval of the City Council. Contractual Services – Services that by their nature can be performed only by persons or firms with specialized skills and knowledge. Services purchased to operate, repair and maintain property owned or used by the City. These services are performed by persons other than City employees. Amounts paid for services rendered by organizations or personnel not on the payroll of the City (separate from professional and technical services or property services). Current Taxes – Taxes levied and due within one year. Debt Service - Payment of interest and principal on an obligation resulting from bond sales or lease-purchase agreements. Debt Service Fund – A fund used to account for resources and expenditures related to retirement of the City’s general obligation debt service, sometimes referred to as an “interest and sinking fund.” Department - A major administrative unit of the City, which indicates overall management responsibility for an operation or a group of related operations within a functional area. Encumbrance - The commitment of appropriated funds to purchase an item or service. Enterprise Fund - A fund established to account for operations that are financed and operated in a manner similar to private business. It is the City's intent to recover the costs of providing a service primarily through user charges. Expenditures - Outflow of non-enterprise funds paid or to be paid for an asset obtained or goods and services obtained. Expenses - Outflow of enterprise funds paid or to be paid for an asset obtained or goods and services obtained. Fiscal Year – The time period designated by the City signifying the beginning and ending period for the recording of financial transactions. The City’s fiscal year is October 1 through September 30. Franchise Fee - A fee levied by City Council on businesses that use City property or right-of-way. This fee is usually charged as a percentage of gross receipts. Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Position – A position for an employee working a 40-hour work week for 52 weeks a year, i.e., 2,080 annual hours (2,756 annual hours for firefighters). Fund - A fiscal and accounting entity with a self-balancing set of accounts in which cash and other financial resources, all related liabilities and residual equities, or balances, and changes therein, are recorded and segregated to carry on specific operations. Fund Balance - The difference between fund assets and fund liabilities of governmental and similar trust funds, sometimes called working capital in enterprise funds. General Fund – The fund used to account for financial resources except those funds required to be accounted for in another fund. The general fund is tax supported and includes the operations of most City services, i.e., police, fire, streets, parks and recreation, and administration. General Obligation Debt – Money owed on interest and principal to holders of the City’s general obligation bonds. The debt is supported by revenues provided from real property, which is assessed through the taxation power of the City. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) - Uniform minimum standards and guidelines for financial accounting and reporting. They govern the form and content of the financial statements of an entity. GAAP encompass the conventions, rules, and procedures necessary to define accepted accounting practice at a particular time. They include not only broad guidelines of general application, but also detailed practices and procedures. GAAP provide a standard by which to measure financial presentations. Goal – A broad, general statement of each department’s or division’s desired social or organizational outcomes. Governmental Funds – Funds generally used to account for tax-supported activities. Examples of different types of governmental funds are: the general fund, special revenue funds, debt service funds, and capital project funds. Grant Fund - Revenues and expenditures directly attributable to various grants and contributions. Hotel Occupancy Tax Fund - Accounts for revenues and expenditures relating to the use of hotel occupancy tax receipts. Because of the restricted types of uses allowed for these monies, they are accounted for in a separate fund. Liability – Debt or other legal obligations arising out of transactions in the past, which must be liquidated, renewed, or refunded at some future date. The term does not include encumbrances. Mixed Beverage Tax – A tax imposed on the gross receipts of a licensee for the sale, preparation or serving of mixed beverages. Modified Accrual Basis of Accounting – A basis of accounting in which expenditures are accrued but revenues is recorded when “measurable” or as available for expenditure. Municipal - Of or pertaining to a city or its government. Municipal Court Fund – Money from court fees dedicated to financing technology and security initiatives for the Municipal Court function. Object Code - The standard citywide classification of the expenditures such as office supplies or rental or equipment. Objective – A specific statement of desired end, which can be measured. Operating Budget – Plans of current expenditures and the proposed means of financing them. The annual operating budget is the primary means by which most of the financing, acquisition, spending and service delivery activities of the City are controlled. The City's Charter and State law requires the use of annual operating budgets. Operations and Maintenance Expenditures – Expenditures for routine supplies and maintenance costs necessary for the operation of a department of the City. Ordinance – A formal legislative enactment of the City Council. Payment-In-Lieu Of Taxes – A payment made to the City in lieu of taxes. These payments are generally made by tax exempt entities for which the City provides specific services. The City's water and wastewater utility fund provides these payments to the City's general fund because of the fund's exemption from property taxation. Performance Measures - Specific quantitative measures of work performed within an activity or program. They may also measure results obtained through an activity or program. Personal Services – Expenditures for salaries, wages and fringe benefits. Police Seizure Funds - Accounts for the revenue and expenditures related to the award of monies or property by the courts or federal government to the police department. The funds are expended for specified police department purposes. Police Training Fund - To account for resources used for police department activities. Proprietary Funds – Funds that focus on the determination of operating income, changes in net assets (or cost recovery), financial position, and cash flows. There are two different types of proprietary funds: enterprise funds and internal service funds. Revenue - Funds that the government receives as income. It includes such items as tax payments, fees from specific services, receipts from other governments, fines and forfeitures, grants, shared revenues, and interest income. Revenue Bonds – Bonds whose principal and interest are payable exclusively from earnings of an enterprise fund, in addition to a pledge of revenues. Sales Tax for General Revenue – The sales tax for general revenue is a one-percent tax that may be levied by a City on all goods sold in the City. The revenues from the tax may be spent on almost any lawful purpose of the City. Sales Tax for Property Tax Relief – The sales tax for property tax relief is an optional, dedicated City sales tax, the revenues of which offset an equivalent amount of City property tax revenue. The rate of a sales tax for property tax relief may be one-eighth, one-fourth, three-eighths, or one-half of one percent of the cost of goods sold within the City that are subject to sales taxes. The combined rate of all local sales taxes within the City, however, cannot exceed two percent. Special Assessments - A compulsory levy made against certain properties to defray part of all of the cost of a specific improvement or service deemed to primarily benefit those properties. Special Revenue Fund – A fund used to account for proceeds of specific revenue sources (other than special assessments, expendable trusts or for major capital projects) that are legally restricted to expenditures for specified purposes, or have been segregated by financial policy to maintained separately. Storm Water Fund – Accounts for resources received for the funding of activities to comply with the storm sewer permit. Supplies – Amounts paid for items that are consumed or deteriorated through use. Tax Base – The total value of all real and personal property in the City as of January 1 each year, as certified by the County Appraisal District’s Appraisal Review Board. The tax base represents the net taxable value after exemptions. (Also sometimes referred to as “assessed taxable value.”) Tax Levy - The total revenues to be raised by ad valorem taxes for expenditures as authorized by the City Council. Tax Rate - The amount of tax levied for each $100 of valuation. Taxes – Compulsory charges levied by the City for financing services performed for the common benefit. Taxes Prior Years - Taxes that remain unpaid on or after the date on which a penalty for non-payment is attached. User Charges - The payment of a fee for direct receipt of a public service by the party benefiting from the service. Water and Sewer Fund - Accounts for all revenues and expenses relating to the operation of the water and wastewater system. Working Capital – The current assets less the current liabilities of a fund. For budgetary purposes, working capital, rather than retained earnings, is generally used to reflect the available resources of enterprise funds.

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Converse Elementary School Ms. Leah Gordon-Malott: Principal Ryan Stengl: Assistant Principal 1602 Townline Avenue Beloit, WI 53511 School Profile School Improvement Goals Priority Area 1: Literacy By Spring 2020, Converse 5K-3 students scoring at or above the national mean will increase by at least 5% from 62.5% to 67.5% as measured by the Spring MAP Reading assessment. Priority Area 2: Mathematics By Spring 2020, Converse 5K-3 students scoring at or above the national mean will increase by at least 3%-5% from 73% to 76%-78% as measured by the Spring MAP Math assessment. Priority Area 3: Learning Environment Reduce the number of tardies received by Converse students by 10% during the 2019-2020 school year as compared to the total number of tardies received during the 2018-19 school year. CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT – PLAN Priority Area 1: Literacy 2019-2020 District Strategic Plan Goal – Literacy: The number of students scoring proficient or advanced in literacy will increase between 5-7% as measured by the Wisconsin Forward Exam. Theory of Action: If our instructional team (administrators, coaches, teachers, para-educators) are skillful in implementing quality differentiated teaching practices that lead to ongoing and continued progress in literacy and math, then each student will demonstrate ongoing improvement in literacy and math. * If Student Learning Outcomes (SLO's) are aligned to the School Learning Outcome, then instruction will be focused toward ongoing student growth. * If ongoing professional development and training is applied to the classroom instructional planning and practices, then instruction with fidelity will improve. * If Professional Learning Communities (PLC's) and instructional teams regularly plan, collect, analyze, collaborate, and act on data, then the data will be used to facilitate, differentiate, and refine instruction. * If teachers and students receive timely, descriptive feedback, then reflective practices will improve. * If our instructional team creates a positive learning environment that supports rigorous, engaging, standards based instruction, then disruptive behaviors will decrease and student academic performance will increase. (SCHOOL) Literacy SMART Goal (Annual Growth): By Spring 2020, Converse 5K-3 students scoring at or above the national mean will increase by at least 5% from 62.5% to 67.5% as measured by the Spring MAP Reading assessment. Mid-Year Reflection End-of-Year Reflection CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT – PLAN Priority Area 2: Mathematics 2019-2020 District Strategic Plan Goal – Mathematics: All students will increase in math between 3-5% as measured by the Wisconsin Forward Exam. Theory of Action:If our instructional team (administrators, coaches, teachers, para-educators) are skillful in implementing quality differentiated teaching practices that lead to ongoing and continued progress in literacy and math, then each student will demonstrate ongoing improvement in literacy and math. *If Student Learning Outcomes (SLO's) are aligned to the School Learning Outcome, then instruction will be focused toward ongoing student growth. *If ongoing professional development and training is applied to the classroom instructional planning and practices, then instruction with fidelity will improve. *If teachers and students receive timely, descriptive feedback, then reflective practices will improve. *If Professional Learning Communities (PLC's) and instructional teams regularly plan, collect, analyze, collaborate, and act on data, then the data will be used to facilitate, differentiate, and refine instruction. *If our instructional team creates a positive learning environment that supports rigorous, engaging, standards based instruction, then disruptive behaviors will decrease and student academic performance will increase. (SCHOOL) Mathematics SMART Goal (Annual Growth): By Spring 2020, Converse 5K-3 students scoring at or above the national mean will increase by 3-5% from 73% to 78% as measured by the Spring MAP Math assessment. d. Formative assessment to drive strategy based groupings. e. Use of timely and meaningful feedback. f. Flexible grouping 8. Aligning teacher SLO's with the Converse SIP plan. 9. Utilize PLCs to discuss data to drive Tier 1 instruction and Tier 2 flexible grouping within the Go Math units. COLLABORATION FOCUS 1. Differentiation. 2. Data analysis during PLC's. 3. Coaching to support Tier 1/Tier 2 Universal Instruction 4. Cross Elementary (district) and in building collaboration. because these practices have not been performed consistently within classrooms. In addition, differentiation must be provided in the classroom using data to drive Tier 1 differentiation as well as Tier 2 flexible grouping to ensure all students’ needs are being met. Mid-Year Reflection End-of-Year Reflection CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT – PLAN Priority Area 3: Learning Environment 2019-2020 District Strategic Plan Goal – Learning Environment: Theory of Action: If our instructional team creates a positive learning environment and effective family relationships that holds students and families accountable for attendance , then each student will be ready to learn during instructional time. (CONVERSE) Learning Environment SMART Goal (Annual Growth): Reduce the number of tardies per term received by Converse students by 10% during the 2019-2020 school year as compared to the average number of tardies received per term during the 2018-19 school year. 10 b. Converse start time will be posted on school doors and in the front office. c. Converse start time will be posted on the school sign and sandwich boards in front of the school. d. Skyward Attendance will be monitored on a quarterly basis. 11 Mid-Year Reflection End-of-Year Reflection 12

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ADOPT DOG A CRY FOR HELP FOR OUR FURRY FRIEND FEMALE GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG CONCORD, NC, 28027 You can fill out an adoption application online on our official website.Introducing Abigail!\n\nShe is a 4-year-old Labrador/Husky mix who has had her whole life turned Phone: (704) 933-7700 Call or text with any information FINDPET.COM Download mobile app: FND.PT/APPS Email: [email protected]

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THE JAGUAR'S PURR Published by: DELAWARE VALLEY JAGUAR CLUB Editor: RON KLEIN 198 NORTH PINE STREET LANGHORNE, PA 19047 30th Anniversary of DVJC DVJC Officers PRESIDENT EMERITUS JACK SANFT (215) 472-2001 PRESIDENT KURT RAPPOLD 116 GOVERNOR MARKHAM DR. GLEN MILLS, PA 19342 (610) 358-4055 VICE-PRESIDENT JOE FEDERICO (215) 275-7752 TREASURERS TONY QUINTANS (610) 566-7665 SUE PARK (609) 397-4848 SECRETARY ATEA McCAREL (610) 933-5103 CONCOURS CHAIRMAN KURT RAPPOLD BOARD OF DIRECTORS JERRY SCHWARTZ (215) 969-5535 JOE REPKO (215) 328-9551 PUBLIC RELATIONS TREVOR MEES W (302) 762-1666 MEMBERSHIP CHAIRMAN JOE FEDERICO (215) 275-7752 MEMBERSHIP RETENTION JULIA GOULD (609) 692-2461 MEMBERSHIP COORDINATOR, DELAWARE-MARYLAND TREVOR MEES (302) 792-0643 For Sale -- 1974 V-12 for parts. Good flywheel $150. Excellent starter $165. Many other good parts. Kurt (610)- 358- 4055. Car Hauling - Extra care always a priority. Cost is approximately X times mileage plus tolls. Call (610)- 358- 4055. For Sale -- 1987 XJ6 Crimson. Always garaged. Dealer serviced with records. Mint condition $8500. (610)- 525- 5805 evenings. Wanted -- XK 120 Fixed head coupe. Complete but shabby for full restoration. M. deAngeli (215) 679- 2867 Pennsburg, Pa. CLOVERLEAF AUTO SERVICE 600 SOUTH CONVENT ROAD ASTON, PA. 19014 610-459-9877 We are a complete repair facility, from full restorations to tweaking your carbs. Our cars are daily drivers, show stoppers rally and racers, pre-war to present For Sale --- Four (4) unused convention Jaguar hubcaps from 1989 XJ6. Sale price to be negotiated. Call John Phelan 546-0500. For Sale --- 1974 XJ6. Engine and transmission professionally done. Needs some interior work and a paint job to be a very nice car ready to serve its new owner over a number of years. Sacrifice at $4500 or best reasonable offer. Call Jack 472-2001. For Sale --- '83 XJ6 Grovesner & Biscuit. 113K miles. Cleanest you'll find. $6000. Owned by Jaguar mechanic. Call Gary 654-0273 at Philpenn. For Sale --- '84 XJ6 Gray/Biscuit. Runs great. Body needs attention. Interior, chrome and wood in good shape. High mileage $5000 OBO. Call Joe 328-9551. For Sale --- 1974 XJ6 Parts, Doors, Trunk Lid, no dents or rust and many misc parts. XJS Bonnet - fair condition $300. 1976 XJS engine and trans - complete $1000. Call Steve (215) 335-4060 or (215) 953 5227. For sale --- 1967 Series I XK-E roadster 4.2 liter engine. All original parts. Complete restoration. Dark metallic green paint with tan top and interior. Phone: Ron Taylor (FLA) 1-407-253-8587 or Fred Kistler (PA) 1-610-965-6000. Price negotiable. For Sale: --- 1986 XJ6. Black/Bisque leather. Wire wheels, radar detector, phone. New transmission and air-conditioning system. New paint job by Jaguar. No rust. Original owner. Car must be seen and driven. At mechanics shop with full service records. Asking $9500. Call Bob Brasler. Office # (215) 923-004. For Sale --- 9169 XKE 2+2. Motor rebuilt, new front frames, rear rebuilt, new hubs, radio. Reconditioned wheels. Fawn beige. Like new. Will trade for older T-Bird or Vette or $25,000. Tim (215) 789-3963. For Sale --- 1965 4.2 Coupe. Indigo blue, new red interior. All matching numbers, Stainless exhaust, 7,000 miles on rebuilt motor. Paint is tired lacquer but is presentable. Acquisition of 1961 flat floor roadster forces sale. Price 25,000 OBO. Call Terry Wagner (610) 374-7445. For Sale --- 1970 XKE 2+2 Coupe. $14,000. 69,000 miles. Call 1-609-468-8372 after 8:00 P.M. for details. For Sale --- 1988 XJS V-12 convertible. 63000 miles. beige. Call Maurice Thompson 1-610-461-5818. For Sale --- Four Jaguar Chrome Sport Wheels with Pirelli P600 tires. Like new. Original cost over $2000. $500 firm. Phone Ken (609) 452-1000 Ext. 250 in the daytime. THE JAGUAR'S PURR is an official publication of THE DELAWARE VALLEY JAGUAR CLUB a chartered, non-profit corporation founded in 1965 and incorporated in 1968. All contributions for publication are welcomed. EDITOR: Ron Klein THE JAGUAR'S PURR 198 North Pine Street Langhorne, PA 19047 ADVERTISING RATES: Full Page - $165 per year or $30 per issue Half Page - $85 per year or $20 per issue Quarter Page - $60 per year or $12 per issue CLASSIFIED RATES: Non-members - $5 per issue Club Members - Free (3-time limit) The Prez Sez We will soon culminate our thirtieth year as a car club. The celebration will be held at the General Wayne Inn December 9, 1995 at 6:00 P.M. Seating capacity will be limited to seventy persons, so make advance reservations. The Director/Planning Group has lined up a great evening consisting of a Holiday (Cash) Bar, a fine dinner, a disc jockey from 8 to 11, a drawing for a beautiful, framed XKE evolution print, door prizes, and the awarding of several other special prizes as well. It has been my pleasure to serve you as President during these past three years. 1995 has been a very active year and 1996 looks like it will be packed with activities as well. Please refer to Editor Ron Klein's 1996 updated calendar in this issue. The November Brunch and Tech Session was again held at Eastwood Company. About 45 members attended the brunch. This was followed by Jack's Auction, and Cliff Hall was on hand to assist him. We had a lot of laughs during the auction, and Cliff and Jack are considering forming a comedy team to liven up next year's show! At the Tech Session, John Sloan demonstrated how to polish metal, how to bend a new brake line and put a double furl at the end, and demonstrated a new product for redoing cad coatings. The Club members who attended were treated to a 10% discount on purchases at the store, as well as all the coffee and donuts they could eat! John asked me to bring my restored Norton 850 to show what metal polishing is really all about. We polished a Jaguar dash pot and the aluminum air manifold off the XK150 which I am restoring. John was able to remove some dents from both pieces in the process. For anybody who likes to do his own work, I am going to recommend that this topic be discussed again next year. Many thanks to Eastwood for having us and to John Sloan for his expertise. Happy Motoring! Kurt Rappold Classified For Sale --- 1975 XJ6C. Silver grey/burgundy leather. 12,000 miles on mechanical and cosmetic refurbishing. No rust. Above average condition. $8700. 699-8044 any time. For Sale --- 1965 Jaguar 3.8S right-hand drive, stick shift, low mileage. A very rare car. Ready to be enjoyed for years to come. Price $10,000. An appreciating investment. Call Jack 472-2001. For Sale --- 1975 XJ6C, Red with Bisquit interior, repainted, replacement interior, runs well, recent inspection, must see. $7200, (610)-770-1832. Wanted -- Complete set of five (5) five-spoke wheels for a 1987 XJS. Call Greg Troop 363-6707. For Sale: --- 1964 MK II 3.4. Right-hand drive, Standard shift with overdrive, Dayton stainless 72 spoke wire wheels, stainless steel exhaust, modern AM-FM cassette radio. Looks good, runs good. Not a concours car (except maybe in Daily Driven Class). Most reasonable offer over $10,000. Must sell because of illness. Call David Prouser at (717) 545-0812 (Harrisburg), anytime. Free - 5 undamaged but used starfish style wheels from a 1982 XJS, including 4 sets of wheelnuts and center embellishers. Come and get them (close to the edgermoor exit on I-495 in North Wilmington). Call Trevor Mees at (302) 594-2148 days or (302) 762-1666 evenings. For Sale --- Jaguar XK-E 1963 Series One Roadster. 38000 original miles, mechanically sound. In need of restoration. Asking $15000. (609) 823-4829. For Sale --- 1988 XJ 6. 79,000 miles. Charcoal Grey with beige leather. Fully loaded with sunroof. $9,800 OBO. (609) 467-3146 For Sale --- 1969 XKE Roadster. 4.2 litre. 3 SU carbs. Red with new tan interior. 4 speed. Chrome wires. New tires. 41 k miles. Excellent condition. $19,800/B offer. Call Steve (610) 356-3957 9-5 1968 XKE Roadster. 4.2 litre. New red paint with black interior. 4 speed. A/C. Chrome wires. Removable matching hardtop. Excellent condition. $24,600/B offer. Call Steve (610) 356-3957 Calendar of Events December 9 DVJC Holiday Party- General Wayne Inn. January 14 Annual Directors meeting February 17 Atlantic City Classic Car Auction and club meeting March 8&9 A. G. M. in San Francisco, California 16 Tech Session- Open for opportunity April Open Directors meeting. Site to be announced May 11-12 Northeast Road Rally. Rehobeth Beach, Delaware June 2 Fred Horner Memorial Concours at Coatsville Hospital. RSVP Kurt July Open Directors meeting. Site to be announced August 10-11 New Hope Auto Show- RSVP Steve Kress September 15 Franklin Mint Car Show October 4&5 Vintage Grand Prix & Car Show CHANCE CHANCE CHANCE 1 "E" TYPE EVOLUTION PRINT #170 Size 22" X 28" BEFORE FRAMING NAME ____________________________________________ ADDRESS _________________________________________ CITY ___________________ STATE ______ ZIP _______ TELEPHONE _______________________________________ Number of chances @ $5.00 each __________ Amount received ______ Check No. ______ Club Use ______ DRAWING TO BE HELD DECEMBER 9TH ANNUAL CLUB HOLIDAY PARTY Send to: Kurt Rappold, Pres. DVJC 116 Governor Markham Drive Glen Mills, PA 19342 JAGUAR RESTORATIONS Reggie and Paulette Ray 266 West Ridge Pike Limerick, PA 19468 Telephone: (610) 489-4439 1982-92 JCNA Class Five 1st Place National Champions 1990, 1992 Challenge Cup Winners In Progress: Restoration of 1959 and 1960 XK 150s Restoration of 1965 and 1966 E-Type Restoration of 1963 Mark II Restoration of 1936 Mercedes Benz Concours, Driver, & Super-Driver Restorations Superior Component Rebuilding & Detailing Customer References Available PURVEYOR TO THE JAGUAR ENTHUSIAST A COMPLETE SOURCE FOR ALL YOUR JAGUAR PARTS, UPHOLSTERY & SERVICE NEEDS ~Full range of original and reproduction parts for all post-war models ~Show-quality upholstery manufactured on the premises using our shop-tested patterns ~Complete range of re-upholstery services available ~Show quality restorations of classic Jaguar, Rolls Royce and Ferrari automobiles Call Us With Your Needs VISA MasterCard 92 Londonderry Turnpike Manchester, NH 03104 (603) 622-1050 FAX (603) 622-0849 RAGTOPS & ROADSTERS BRITISH AUTOMOBILES REPAIRS & RESTORATIONS BY MICHAEL ENGARD 213 S. 5th ST., PERKASIE, PA 18944 (215) 257-1202 STAINLESS STEEL EXHAUST SYSTEMS | Model | Price | |----------------|---------| | XK120 singl | $319 | | XK120 side TP | $319 | | XK120 SE | $379 | | XK RACE | $409 | | XK140 singl | $479 | | XK140/150 | $419 | | XK150 auto | $429 | | XK150-S | $459 | | XKE6 | $509 | | XKE6 strThru | $539 | | XKE6 2+2 | $529 | | XKE6 ssHDRS | $599 | | XKE6 BgBore | $569 | | XKE6+2 BBore | $579 | | XKEv12 | $469 | | XKEv12 Prem | $559 | | XKEv12 ssDP | $269 | | XJ6 al w/dp | $499 | | XJ6s2/3 noDP | $469 | | XJ6 ssDP | $139 | | XJ-12 al | $549 | | XJ-12 s2 | $559 | | XJ-12 ssDP | $269 | | XJ-S al | $559 | | XJ-S s2/HE | $569 | | XJ-S BBore | $639 | | XJ-S ssDP | $269 | | XJ-S 6 cyl | $539 | | SS 100 3.5L | $579 | | Mk 1 single | $339 | | Mk 1 dual | $579 | | Mk 2 single | $339 | | Mk2/340Dual | $439 | | Mk 4 | $759 | | Mk 5 | $489 | | Mk 7 | $519 | | Mk 8 | $579 | | Mk 9 | $579 | | Mk/10/420G | $589 | | "S"/420 | $599 | SS Clamps $7.50 ea - All plus UPS DICK AMES 3963 Wilshire Circle Sarasota, FL 34238 813-923-8321 XJ AXLE PIPE PIN DICK AMES SARASOTA, FL 813/923-8321 When bending or shaping new steel brake lines or vacuum lines that have complicated patterns it is a good idea to bend a steel hanger or suitable single strand wire in the approximate shape. This will avoid errors when bending angles which in turn may cause the steel line to fatigue or tear. Remember, when handling halogen bulbs (headlight or otherwise) do not touch them with your bare hands as oil and perspiration will be transferred to the bulb. This will result in a hot spot that will cause the bulb to burn out prematurely. Use Isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol on a lint-free cloth to remove the residue. BRITISH RESTORATIONS JAGUAR AND OTHER FINE EXOTIC AUTOMOBILES SALES -- SERVICE -- PARTS TOTAL BODY RESTORATIONS We work on all Classic, Sports, and Exotic Cars Specializing in the restoration of JAGUARS from 1948 thru 1988 All work guaranteed from Maintenance to Total Restoration 20 Years Experience We also buy and sell Classic, Sports, and Exotic Cars 4455 PAUL STREET PHILADELPHIA, PA 19124 (215) 533-6696 If your automatic Jaguar suddenly develops shifting problems such as shifting into second or third gear very late, you may have a problem that can be simply fixed. First examine the transmission modulator. This is a cylindrical device about the size of a clenched fist and is externally mounted to the transmission housing. Check that the vacuum line is attached to the modulator. Sometimes the rubber vacuum line may become disconnected or may have deteriorated. If you disconnect the vacuum line and transmission fluid leaks out then the modulator will have to be replaced. This condition means that the diaphragm inside the modulator is defective. The next test involves removing the modulator. Use a 3/4 inch wrench to remove the modulator. Catch any transmission fluid that leaks out in a pan. When unscrewing the modulator be careful not to lose the long pin that is on the transmission side of the diaphragm. This must be inserted when reinstalling the modulator. Carefully and thoroughly clean the outside of the housing. Do not get any dirt in to the mechanism. Next, apply suction to the vacuum line side of the modulator. You can use your mouth if no fluid leaks out. You should be able to either hear or feel the diaphragm moving when suction is applied. If no movement is detected in the diaphragm then the modulator will have to be replaced. The shift points are controlled by either screwing in or out a small screw which is accessed by removing the vacuum line. If you are replacing the modulator count the number of revolutions it takes to turn the screw all the way in. Tighten the screw in the new modulator and then back off the same number of turns. Do not attempt adjustments if the car is shifting OK. JAGUAR TOOLS Get Ready For The Concours Season! Individual Tools & Tool Kits For: XK-120, 140, 150, E-Type, Mark II, & Others All Tools in Show Quality Condition SATISFACTION GUARANTEED TOM BUCKUS (717) 263-8701 Evenings | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | |----|----|----|----| | 5. | 6. | 7. | 8. | | 9. | 10.| 11.| 12.| DVJC ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP RENEWAL FORM | NAME: | SPOUSE: | |-------|---------| | ADDRESS: | | | CITY: | STATE: | ZIP CODE: | | PHONE: HOME | BUSINESS | | PUBLISH PHONE NO. ON CLUB ADDRESS LIST | YES | NO | | JCNA CLUB MEMBER | | | JCNA CERTIFIED JUDGE NUMBER | | | TYPE OF MEMBERSHIP | REGULAR $40.00 | | TO HOLD OFFICE & VOTE | SPOUSE $45.00 | | CHECK NO. | DATE: | | FAX NO. | DUES ARE DUE ON JAN. 15 | JAGUAR AUTO OWNED PLEASE * MARK IF CHANGED FROM LAST YEAR RETURN RENEWAL FORM AND CHECK (ONLY) TO D.V.J.C. PLEASE SEND TO: MR. TONY QUINTANS D.V.J.C. TREASURER 1970 COLT ROAD MEDIA, PA 19063 D.V.J.C. CLUB USE ONLY DATE CHECK RECEIVED: DATE UPDATED CHANGES: DATE PURR EDITOR NOTIFIED: DATE JCNA NOTIFIED: 12/30/93

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| Job Family: | Delivery – Front Line – Professional knowledge | Grade: | |---|---|---| | Job Title: | Behavioural Specialist – Learning Disabilities | Directorate: | | Date: | 11th February 2018 | Version: | Role Profile - Details Specific to Job Family These roles would be regarded as "front line" service delivery roles. Here, role holders are directly accountable for performance, often through the direct control of significant resources or through managed contracts. These roles may also deliver some of their results through collaborative working with co-producers or other third party agencies. At the lower levels, operational managers may oversee a department or team and at the lowest levels, direct contact with service users will be a common feature of roles in this job family. At the higher levels, they may be in charge of a department, large operational area or the management of significant contracts and may be ultimately accountable for ensuring compliance with statutory obligations. Role Profile - Details Specific to Grade Will have accountability for achieving clearly specified and measurable results either personally or through the leadership of a team. Will be dealing with complex problems and issues within the boundaries of professional skill and knowledge. Will make recommendations on procedural improvements and other initiatives to enhance team performance. Roles requiring a level of professional expertise to deliver a front line service. Brief Description of job role and department The Clinical Health Team is a specialist health service for adults with learning disabilities whose health needs cannot be met by mainstream health services. We employ a range of health professionals in order to meet those needs. The team provides services to those adults with learning disabilities registered with a Sutton GP. Team Functions - The delivery of health inputs provided by trained clinicians specialist in the field of learning disabilities where needs cannot be met by mainstream services alone. - Promoting well-being through activities such as health promotion and preventative lifestyle activity. - Facilitating access to mainstream services and supports such as; primary care; acute care; leisure opportunities: housing; etc. - Contributing to service developments and using knowledge about needs; effectiveness of current services and future demand to inform and contribute towards strategic commissioning. - Imparting skills by teaching and training others such as social care providers; voluntary sector staff; and other health professionals. Role: The Challenging Needs Service falls within the wider Psychology Service in the Clinical Health Team for People with Learning Disabilities and offers a service to clients who have behaviours that challenge services living within the Borough and those that have been placed out of borough but remain the responsibility of Sutton. The behavioural specialist will work collaboratively with their colleagues within the Psychology service to conduct Functional Behaviour Assessments, develop individual Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) Plans and empower parents, carers, teachers and staff to implement PBS plans and practices effectively whilst fading support as parents, teachers or carers feel confident in the implementation of plan. The post holder will need to be able to use evidence from the implementation of PBS plans to inform changes and updates to interventions with clients. It is essential for the post holder to be able to offer consultation to other professionals within the Clinical Health Team for People with Learning Disabilities and other relevant stakeholders using understanding, skills and knowledge of Applied Behaviour Analysis and Positive Behaviour Support. So as to work within a multidisciplinary setting effectively the post holder will need to be flexible in their approach and have a high degree of professionalism. Representative accountabilities - To use a wide range of clinical expertise to deliver a specialist assessment and intervention service. * Lead on the development of specific policies and procedures to contribute to the continuous improvement in own work area * To provide specialist knowledge for other team members relating to PBS and behaviour that challenges. * To use a wide range of clinical expertise to deliver a specialist assessment and intervention service. * Lead on the development of specific policies and procedures to contribute to the continuous improvement in own work area * To provide specialist knowledge for other team members relating to PBS and behaviour that challenges. * Deliver service activities and manage caseloads to ensure intended outcomes for customers and the Council are delivered within agreed service standards. * Identify and implement improvements in own work area in order to deliver continuous service improvement and improved outcomes to customers. * Liaise with customers to review service requirements and resolve problems. * Keep up to date with changes in policy/legislation/contractual requirements in order to ensure service delivery is effective and complies with appropriate regulations. Budgetary accountabilities * There are no budgetary accountabilities undertaken by this role. Specific accountabilities - To be professionally accountable for the effective and efficient management of one's case load, taking into account the need to combine one's own responsibilities and those of the team and adhering to professional codes of conduct. - Accountable for the safe delivery of services/innovations across a range of health care settings, with a range of health professionals, designed to meet specific targets/outcomes. - Responsible for the development of local services in line with agreed team outcomes, including writing and leading on project proposals under the supervision of the Lead Psychologist. - Responsible for the supervision of assistant Psychologists or behavioural specialists as appropriate. Person specification (knowledge, skills, experience and behaviours required in the role) Education/ Knowledge/ Qualifications - Degree in Psychology, Nursing or Social Work or equivalent professional qualification. - MSc in Applied Behaviour Analysis and / or Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities or equivalent. - Further post graduate training in relevant areas of autism, mental health and / or research design and analysis. Accredited or working towards Board Certified Behaviour Analyst (BCBA), Experience - Significant experience of working clinically with people who have intellectual and developmental disabilities and / or an autistic spectrum disorder including the application of Applied Behaviour Analysis. - Comprehensive assessment and intervention of challenging behaviour including physical aggression, verbal aggression, self- injurious behaviour and comprehensive assessment and intervention of toileting, feeding and sleeping concerns. - Development of positive behavioural support plans. Implementation and evaluation of positive behaviour support plans. - Experience of working with individual's who are non-verbal or who have significant communication difficulties. - Attendance and participation at multi-disciplinary meetings. - Experience of teaching and training others, using a variety of multi-media materials. Experience of providing clinical supervision. - Experience of collaborative and respectful multi-disciplinary team working. - Experience of working in a Community Learning Disability setting is desirable Skills - Ability to supervise staff - Negotiation and problem solving skills - Business skills, such as, Mosaic, Google, Excel, Word - Demonstrates good analytical and reflection skills - Good organisational and prioritisation skills - Excellent presentation skills - Clear and effective decision making - Ability to work autonomously as well as effectively with team members and other partner agencies - Ability to reflect and critically appraise own performance - High level of communication skills (written and verbal) including an ability to communicate and work in settings in which the atmosphere may be highly emotive, abusive or hostile. - Ability to communicate sensitive information to service users, carers and colleagues - Up to date knowledge of policies and procedures and clinical issues relating to specific client group. Other - Takes responsibility for own CPD - Flexible - High levels of initiative, innovation and self-motivation - Car Driver/Owner and ability to travel Mandatory accountabilities/requirements for all LBS staff e.g. * Ensure all health and safety standards are adhered to for the relevant work area * Apply diversity and equal opportunities policies in the workplace * Carry out duties in accordance with the Borough's Equalities and Diversity policy, Safeguarding Adults policy and all other Borough and departmental policies and procedures

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Schedule Day 1 8:30- 9:30: Registration 9:30 -10: 00: Refreshments. 10:00 – 11: 00: Inaugural function 11:00-11:15: Tea break 11:15-12:00: Keynote address (Dr. Jayanta Mukherjee, Professor, IIT Mumbai) Parallel Session schedule: Notes: EIS contains: Electronics Engg. / Electronics and telecommunication Engg./ Electrical Engg./ Instrumentation Engg./ Biomedical Engg oral presentations. CIS contains: Computer Engg./ Information Technology oral presentations. MPS contains: Mechanical Engg. / Production Engg./ Civil Engg. oral presentations. 9:00 -10: 00: Refreshments. Parallel Session schedule: | Time | Parallel Session 1 | Parallel Session 2 | Parallel Session 3 | Parallel Session 4 | |---|---|---|---|---| | | Seminar Hall 1 | Lab1- Compt. Engg. Dept | Lab2- Compt. Engg. Dept | TPO | | 10:00 - 11:30 | EIS7 | EIS8 | CIS4 | MPS4 | | 11:30-11:45 | Tea Break | | | | | 11:45-13:15 | EIS9 | EIS10 | CIS5 | MPS5+AS1 | | 13:15-14:00 | Lunch Break | | | | | 14:00- 15:30 | EIS11 | EIS12 | CIS6 | MPS6 | | 15:30-16:00 | Tea Break | | | | | 16:00-17:00 | Closing Ceremony | | | | Notes: EIS contains: Electronics Engg. / Electronics and telecommunication Engg./ Electrical Engg./ Instrumentation Engg./ Biomedical Engg oral presentations. CIS contains: Computer Engg./ Information Technology oral presentations. MPS contains: Mechanical Engg. / Production Engg./ Civil Engg. oral presentations. AS contains: Applied science/ Pharmacy oral presentations. Schedule Day 2 | ID2 | | Wireless Sensor Network Communication Architecture for Wide- | | |---|---|---|---| | | | Area Large Scale SoilMoisture Estimation and Wetlands Monitoring | | | ID4 | | Novel Approach for Enabling Proof of Retrievability using AES | | | | | Algorithm | | | | ID6 | Digital Forgetting –Needof the Day in Digital Age | Mamtakhatri | | | ID8 | Six Legged Robot for Navigation on Uneven Surface | Prof. Aparna S Kale | | | ID10 | Cell Breathing Technique for Load Balancing in WLAN | Mr.Prashant E.Padekar | | ID37 | ID37 | Tracking, Detection of Object in Video Stream Using Self Learning | Aniruddha D.Palsodkar | | | | Method | | | | ID46 | A Review on Evolution of Terahertz Communication | Ashish L. Lohana | | | ID47 | Indian GPS Satellite Navigation System:An Overview | PROF.ANJALI PANCHAL | | ID48 | ID48 | SMART HAND Gesture controlled wheelchair with gesture to text | Akshay N. Patil | | | | converter | | | | ID3 | Need of Power Allocation in Cooperative Mesh Network | | Ms.Shital G. Ramane,Prof. Dattatray S. Bade | |---|---|---|---|---| | | ID5 | LicenseManagement using Iris Scanning | | Anushree Warade | | ID7 | ID7 | Spoofing Attack Detection and Localizing Multiple Adversaries in Wireless | Ms.Dhanashri Bhopatrao | Ms.Dhanashri Bhopatrao | | | | Network | | | | | ID9 | Natural Disaster Warning on Social Media | | Rohan D Gunjal | | | ID49 | Image Conversion Using Hadoop in CloudEnvironment | | Prof. Mahesh Zemse | | | ID50 | Design of compact RMSA using shorting post using IE3D | | Prof. P. G. Pawar | | | ID51 | Image Processing Based Automatic Toll Booth System | | Prakash Naikade | | ID52 | ID52 | Design of DoubleH-Shape Patch Antenna Using IE3D Simulator for Bluetooth | Amitkumar Chalwadi | Amitkumar Chalwadi | | | | Application | | | | | ID134 | Role of Sensors & Transducers in Furnace Temperature Control | | Sandeep kumar Yadav | | | ID11 | Novel Approach to Emotion Recognition Using Speech | Trupti Vishe | |---|---|---|---| | | ID13 | Integral of Frequency Density of Merging Images for Predictive Analysis | Neha P. Kumbalpuri | | ID15 | ID15 | Data acquisition and congestion control in wireless sensor network using aurdino | Mr.Jilani Sayyad | | | | uno controller | | | | ID17 | Fingerprint Privacy Protection Using Sparsh Method | Khalid A. Shaikh | | | ID135 | Real Time ECG Signal Acquisition, Processing and Heart Rate Measurement | Gajanan S. Potdar | | | ID136 | Electromyography Signal Classification Using SVM and K-NN Classifier | Amol Lolure | | | ID137 | Wavelet Based ECG Arrhythmia Classification Using GA-SVM Method | Prof. Raorane Shweta Suresh | | | ID138 | Android Based Monitoring & Control System of Remote Household Appliances | Ms.L.V.Didhe | | | ID139 | Photovoltaic System Sizing For Prototype Greenhouse System | Umeshchandra K.Pikle | | | ID12 | CBVR and Classification of Videos based on BTC Color Features using SVM | Mohd.Aasif Ansari | |---|---|---|---| | | ID14 | Data Acquisition System with Processors: A review | Monali Ghodke | | | ID16 | Robust RBG model based on non-parametric histogram skin detection | Shruti Wale | | | ID18 | Satellite Technology | Dr Uma. A. Bhambhani | | ID140 | ID140 | Development in Electro- Magnetic Crack Detector Machine Using Multi-Frequency | Prof.P.M.Deshpande | | | | Eddy Current Technique | | | | ID141 | PLC Based Manufacturing of Steel Tubes | Akshay S. Waikar | | | ID142 | Da-Vinci (robot): a boon for medical field | Rohan.V.Dharap | | | ID143 | Energy Floor | OmkarU.Deshpande | | | ID144 | Piezoelectric-Car | Sanket Nyaykar Helinge | | | System | | |---|---|---| | ID21 | Design and Implementation of Energy Efficient Environment Monitoring System | Nikita Gaikwad | | ID23 | Study of Channel Estimation Schemes in MIMO | Miss. Ketaki N. Ghumare | | ID25 | RFID Based Shopping Trolley And Billing System | Prof Maruti B Limkar | | ID145 | Hand Movement Control Vehicle Based on Peripheral Interface Circuit 16F | Hardik R. Save | | ID146 | Robot Design on Animatronics using Tin Can Sensor | Shetty Rathik Satish | | ID147 | The System of Radar | Warekar Mitali D. | | ID148 | Classification of Power System Events using Signal Processing Technique | Ms. Rashmi R. Zend | | ID152 | Arduino Based Voice Controlled Robot | Pawar Atish | | | ID20 | A Survey on Physiological Parameters for Health Monitoring of Patients via GPRS | Kajal Rane | |---|---|---|---| | ID22 | ID22 | A review on “high speed complex multiplier using Vedic Mathematics: an effective | Mahesh Warang | | | | tool” | | | | ID24 | Electronic health care surveillance and tracking collaborating WSN system | Mohaneesh A.Mitkari | | ID26 | ID26 | Smart Vehicle Detection & Parameters Measurement Using Portable Roadside | S.P. Jinturkar | | | | Sensors | | | | ID149 | Design and development of respiratory flow parameter measurement | Renuka Kalikar | | | ID153 | PLC Based Product Sorting Cum Truck Loading | Ms.Priyanka V.Pujare | | | ID154 | Survey of Automatic Biscuit Packaging Line | Sayali S. Madane | | | ID155 | LabVIEW based PID Controller for Industrial Monitoring and Control | Mr. P. H. Nerpagar | | | ID156 | Motor Winding Inplant Project Report Conducted at Siemens Ltd | Prof. Shweta S. Roarane | | ID64 | Cloud Computing | |---|---| | ID65 | Dual Security for Cloud using Ulteo | | ID66 | Comparative Study of Clustering Approaches Used in Data Mining | | ID67 | Hadoop for Pre-eminent Mining for Immense Dataset | | ID68 | Metaphysical Text-Mining Approach to Cluster Research Proposals | | ID71 | Review Paper on Challenges While Caching Big Data on Mobile Devices | | ID72 | A Push System For Information Rendering Service | | ID73 | Web enabled Door Lock Using Raspberry-Pi | | ID74 | Authentication Techniques For Engendering Session Passwords With Colors And Text Multilevel Security | | ID75 | Marathi Text-to-Speech Synthesis System for Android Phones | | ID127 | Context Aware Message Filtering in OSN User Walls Using Blacklist | | ID236 | Hadoop a new trend for Mining Big data | | ID69 | A Smart Textual-Graphical Password Authentication Scheme | Shreyas Dharav | |---|---|---| | ID77 | Website Analyzer | Prof. Prasad P. Pulekar | | ID78 | Providing Security from Single to Multi Cloud | Sumit Karunakar Amin | | ID79 | Security Using Armstrong Number And RGB Color Value | Shilpa Badgujar | | ID80 | Content Based Image Retrieval | Kavita R. Raut | | ID81 | Customer Relationship Management for Retail Items Using an Innovative Algorithm | Vipul Laxmikant Redkar | | ID95 | “Cloud Based Desktop” (Desktops in Distributed Cloud Infrastructures) | Mr. Pankaj M. Katkar | | ID96 | Green Computing an Eco-friendly Environment with Intelligent use of Computing) | Mrs. Chinmaya K. Bari | | ID98 | Critiquing the Different Image Splicing Techniques | Ms. Manisha Pansare | | ID104 | Overview on Minimizing Distortion in Image Steganography | Miss Poonam Janardan Talele | | ID128 | Educational Data Mining –A New Approach to the Education Systems | 2Barahate Sachin R | | ID235 | Automatic Question Paper Generation System | Snehal Narayan Jagdale | | ID238 | Identifying Story and Preview Images in News Web Pages | Sneha Rajendra Sawant | | ID84 | Image Conversion Using Mapreduce Framework In Hadoop | |---|---| | ID85 | Chromecast App Development for Android Devices | | ID86 | Autonomous Robot Capable of Navigating Based On Solution of Planning Problem | | ID87 | Car Radar Android application of vehicle tracking system by using Microcontroller and GPS/GSM /Bluetooth | | ID88 | Detection of Spam Zombies Using SPOT | | ID99 | Data Confidentiality for TrustedDB | | ID100 | Developing an Android App for Easy and Quick Conveyance of Information | | ID101 | Internet of Things (IOT): Challenges and Concept | | ID102 | A Review on Click Based Web Image Re-Ranking | | ID103 | Understanding Implicit Play Relationships in Multiplayer Online Games | | ID114 | Performance Comparison of Data Mining Techniques for Banking Customer Behaviour | | ID131 | Revenue Intensification in CloudComputing | | ID243 | Key Aggregate Cryptosystem to Transfer Scalable Data in Cloud | | ID161 | | Design and Analysis of Self Centering Steady Rest For Supercut-6 CNC Turning | | |---|---|---|---| | | | Machine Using CAD & FEA | | | | ID162 | Sliding Wear Behavior Study oF Al-TiC In Situ Composite | Amar Kumar | | | ID163 | Emotion Analysis Using Text Mining | Manasi Kanoje | | | ID164 | Decision making using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP | Vaibhav Gaikwad | | ID165 | ID165 | Effect of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Content on Internal Structure And Mechanical | Virendra P. Neve | | | | Properties of CNT-Reinforced Aluminium Composites | | | ID166 | | Study of Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness In Electrochemical | | | | | Machining of 316L Stainless Steel | | | ID167 | | End Milling of 316L Stainless Steels of PVD Coated Carbide Inserts in Dry and | | | | | Wet Machining Environment | | | | ID168 | Comparative FEA Analysis of Pressure Vessel Heads | Sujit P. Patil | | | ID169 | SIF Determination for cracked plates by using method of photoelasticity | Pravin R. Gawande | |---|---|---|---| | | ID170 | Minimum Quantity Lubrication | Rupesh M Parthe | | | ID171 | Optimization of Machining Parameters of EN36 | Tusharkumar D. Mali | | | ID172 | Organic Break Pad in Tribological Aspect | Sagar A. Dhotare | | | ID173 | Study of Different Mechanical Logic Circuits | Sagar A. Dhotare | | ID174 | ID174 | An Introduction to Application of Zebra Pattern for Dissipation of Heat in | Sumit S. Dharmarao | | | | Electronic Equipments | | | | ID175 | Analyzing And Prioritising Entities Using AHP | Swaraj Kadam | | | ID185 | Optimization of Saddle Supports in Horizontal Pressure Vessel | Rohit P. Jadhav | | ID188 | ID188 | Lean manufacturing System in Industries for Increasing Productivity by Eliminating | Jatale Shailesh Devidasrao | | | | Waste | | | | ID189 | Design & Analysis of Solid & Hollow Impellers for Aero Engine Application | Prof. Sonal Paresh Sali | | | ID190 | Optimisation of Conducting Polymer and Development of Battery | M.Shivapradeep | | | ID176 | A Review On Electromagnetic Engine | MandarBhalchandraThorwe | |---|---|---|---| | | ID177 | Analysis of “Solar Radiant Heat Flux” Through Concrete Slab | Rohidas D. Gabhale | | | ID178 | Pipe Inspection Robot-A Case Study | Linesh Bhangale | | ID179 | ID179 | Design and Analysis of Set up for Power Generation on Road using Sliding | Akshay Chavan | | | | mechanism (RPG) | | | ID191 | | Experimental and Simulation Study of Modified Acoustic Horn Design for | | | | | Cleaning | | | | ID192 | A Review: Fuel Cells and its Applications in Modern Vehicle Technology | Utsav M Chawda | | ID193 | ID193 | Design of Base Isolator to Prevent Transmission of Horizontal Forces Acting on | Amar Patil | | | | Machine during Earthquake | | | ID194 | | Limit Load Analysis of a Pressure Vessel using ASME Section III and Section VIII | | | | | Procedure by Non-Linear Finite Element Method | | | ID196 | | Design and Analysis of HM/ HS Carbon Epoxy LH Drive axle in Maruti Suzuki | | | | | WagonR VXi | | | ID1 | | Parallel Kalman filters formulti-sensorenvironment: Algorithms andSimulations | | Vidya. R. Keshwani,Dr. Kallol Roy,Prof.Chetan S.Patil, Dr. M.J. | |---|---|---|---|---| | | | | | Lengare | | | ID27 | | Surface Finish Images Classification Using Fuzzy Logic Classifier | Feirz F.A Shaikh | | ID29 | ID29 | | Detection of Abnormal Features from Fundus Images using Image Processing | Anuj Kumar Pandey, Nikita Dhulap, Surekha Salunkhe, Sanket | | | | | Techniques | Kulkarni | | ID31 | | Intrabody Communication using Android Platform | Intrabody Communication using Android Platform | Ajinkya Kulkarni, Chinmay Prabhudesai, Rajesh Sarkar, Rupali | | | | | | Sawant | | | ID33 | | Solar Powered Street Light Intensity Control | Harsh Desai, Vishal Yadav, Ankit Wadkar | | | ID150 | | Improvement of performance of a system with delay using SMC | Manju Kurien | | | ID157 | | Infant Identification From Their Cry Using MATLAB | Prof. R. B. Singh | | | ID158 | | Semantic Web Mining UsingArtificial Neural Network | Ms.Chaitali Mhase | | | ID159 | | Video Content Analysis And Indexing | Anil W.Kale | | ID30 | Artificial Intelligent Robot: A Sweeping Robot | Ms. Sheetal Bhujade, Rima G. Pai, Hiral H. Patel | |---|---|---| | ID32 | Rail Track Discontinuity Detection Using Optical Fiber Communication | Neha Anne , Sharayu Kautkar, Swapnali Gadhave, Himani Narvekar, Vandana Khobragade | | ID34 | Indoor Position Tracking and Detection System | Zarrar Khan, | | ID63 | Image segmentation using Fuzzy C-Mean and K Mean clustering technique | Nikita Patil | | ID151 | A Survey on Increased Adoption of Wearable Technology in Aerospace & Defense for Efficiency and Productivity | Prof. Priyanka N. Borse | | ID 218 | Communication device for deaf and blind person | Madhura Mandlekar | | ID219 | Cursor Movement Control Using Vision Technology | Samata Gaikwad | | ID35 | IoT Based Industrial Farming | |---|---| | ID38 | Innovative Wearable Navigation Device for the Blind Using Raspberry PI | | ID40 | Single Phase Grid System Using Single Stage Connection | | ID42 | A Review of Optimization techniques used for solving Unit Commitment and Economic Dispatch problems | | ID62 | Content Centric For Mobile Adhoc Network to Avoid Packet Loss | | ID220 | Intra body communication data transfer between mobile and pc | | ID221 | Multimodal Biometric Authentication For Iris And Palmprint Fusion | | ID222 | NFC Based Video Attendance System | | ID36 | E Waste Management In Smart City | |---|---| | ID39 | Air Core Generator | | ID41 | Improving Reliability of Distribution System by Optimal Placement of DGs | | ID43 | Simulation of Z-Source Inverter Fed InductionMotor Drive | | ID61 | Multirate digital signal processing Techniques in the receiver stage of RADARS | | ID223 | "SMART FARMING" Solar Energy based Farm security system using Thermal/IR sensor with GSM, RFID and Automated Irrigation using Soil moisture Sensor | | ID229 | Embedded based solar powered grass cutter | | ID230 | Power line Communication | | ID234 | Human Resource Building for Manufacturing Industries | | ID44 | Online Shopping Acceptance Model based on User Comment | Manoshree V. Nikam | |---|---|---| | ID53 | Domain Specific Security Technologies of Cloud Computing | Sudhirkumar T Khelkar | | ID55 | WOMEN SAFETY SYSTEM | Mr. Hrushikesh Patil | | ID57 | Various Technologies in Smart Bag System | Ms. Rupali Dabade | | ID60 | A Robust Real Time Number Plate Recognition System | Aditi D. Parab | | ID231 | Data Security using Steganography | Mr Anand Narayan | | ID232 | Student Security System | Vashist. T. Singh | | ID246 | Modern Farm Automation Based on RTC | Vele Harshala | | ID247 | Plc Based Security System of Home And Office | Payar Bhaskar | | ID45 | Silica Gel Synthesis of Pure Potassium Hydrogen Tartrate Single Crystals and Their FTIR and XRD Characterization | |---|---| | ID54 | Wireless Machine to Machine Healthcare Solution in Global Networks | | ID56 | Alive Human Detector | | ID58 | Design of a Real Time Automatic Vehicle Accident Prevention, Detection & Tracking System Using Cellular Network | | ID59 | Controlling electrical appliances using Computer Speech, Android Appliances | | ID233 | Efficient Secure Routing using DCN in Dynamic Wireless Sensor Network | | ID244 | Plc Based Separation Process Of Metals & Non-Metals Using Object Identification Method | | ID245 | Object Sorting Process Automation using PLC | | ID89 | Personal Digital Assistant For Blind People | |---|---| | ID90 | Efficient Data Recovery and Compression Using Shared Scheme For Secret Audio Sharing | | ID91 | Fingerprint Recognition & Classification System by Minutia Extraction using Self- Organization Maps | | ID92 | Find Unauthorised User Techniques under Attack | | ID93 | Song Recommendation System Using Genetic Algorithm | | ID94 | To Analyze TRP using Business Intelligence using twitter and television media | | ID105 | Big Data Management as a Service (BDMaaS) using NOSQL model from Cloud | | ID106 | Deliberation on Face Anti-Spoofing Techniques | | ID107 | ACO-GA based routing algorithm for MANET | | ID108 | Privacy Preservation and Discremination Prevention during Data Mining in Distributed Environment | | ID129 | Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks- A Review | | ID239 | Healthcare Application On Android | | ID242 | Web Usage Mining: A Survey on Pattern Extraction from Web Logs | | ID97 | IRIS Recognition Technology | |---|---| | ID109 | Secured Encryption And Transmission | | ID110 | Privacy Preserving using data Anonymization technique on Hadoop | | ID111 | Investigation of View Factors in Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor | | ID112 | EduRight: Bridge between Education and Disability | | ID113 | Ranking of Dynamic Query Forms using Fscore | | ID115 | Generations of Mobile Communication and Scope of Latest Technology | | ID116 | Performance Improvement of Privacy Preserving in K-anonymous Database Using 3DES-Tiger-RSA | | ID119 | Driver Alertness Monitoring using OpenCV and Android Smartphone | | ID120 | An Integrated Automatic Compiling System for Student Feedback on Java Programs | | ID121 | Load Balancing And Failover System | | ID130 | Innovation For Description Mapping E- Media Databases Matching Name Domain In Social Network Context Using Software Process Model For Photo Auto Tagging | | ID240 | Trusted Third-party based Authentication Protocol in Cloud Computing | | ID76 | Data Clustering in Hadoop Framework | |---|---| | ID82 | Enhanced Driving License Using NFC | | ID83 | Optimized fire Alarm system for better protection using Image Processing Technique | | ID118 | Evaluation of Quality of services in Wireless Sensor Networks | | ID122 | Automated College Timetable Generator | | ID123 | Credit Card Fraud Detection System | | ID124 | Ensuring user data security in cloud computing and OPoR model | | ID125 | Security Threats In Crowd Computing | | ID126 | Distributed Intrusion Detection System with the Integration of Encryption , Splitting-up approach and OTP for Cloud Security | | ID132 | Steganography- A Method of Encrypting Message | | ID133 | Smart Code Developer | | ID237 | Understanding Kin Relationship In Photo | | ID241 | Online Aptitude Exam Generation System 1 | | ID181 | Enhancement of Heat Transfer Rate In A Radiator Using CuO Nanofluid | Amruta P. Birar | |---|---|---| | ID182 | Experimental Analysis of Thermo-electric cooling of IC Engines | Mr. Shivprasad Shahaji Yadav | | ID183 | Grinding Wheel Attachment on Lathe Machine | Darshan S. Attarde | | ID184 | Design, Development and Analysis of Differential Anti-reverse Mechanism | Ameya M. Mahadeshwar | | ID186 | A Review of hydraulic jumps due to circular impinging jets | Ashish W. Khandalkar | | ID202 | Fabrication of Smart E-Bicycle | Omkar Maruti Sankpal | | ID203 | Design of Four Wheel Steering Zero Turning Radius | Gore Hrishikesh Rajendra | | ID209 | Economic aspects of green building- A review | Krishna A. Joshi | | ID210 | Economic Aspects of Green Building- A Review | A K Biradar | | ID217 | Resistance Spot Weldability of Dissimilar Materials in 1 mm Thick Sheet | P PChoughule | | ID195 | Water Harvesting – A Solution to Drought & Falling Level of Ground Water | |---|---| | ID199 | Design and Fabrication of Grain Husk Aspiration And Grading Machine | | ID200 | Solar Based Sea Oil Separator | | ID211 | Effects of Concentration Skills in English Study | | ID212 | Laplace Transform and Its Application In Various Field | | ID213 | Negative impact of modern communication on social life | | ID214 | Spectral Analysis of Fourier series Using SCILAB | | ID215 | Synthesis of derivatives of Coumarin and its application | | ID216 | Analytical Study of Communicative Language Teaching | | ID187 | | Analysis of implementing a concept of Supermarket and its impact on Inventory | | |---|---|---|---| | | | Management of Rotors | | | | ID197 | Design of Three Wheeler for SAE- EFFICYCLE 2015 | Prof. Rajendra L. Bharambe | | ID198 | ID198 | Effect of Dean Number on heat transfer to Newtonian fluid through spiral coils with | Rahul Harishchandra Patil | | | | constant wall Temperature in laminar flow | | | | ID204 | Recumbent Tadpole Trike (HMV) Human power vehicle | Vivekkumar Maurya | | | ID205 | Design & Development of Go-Kart (A Racing Car) | Ankita Kamble | | | ID206 | Design of Pneumatic Exoskeleton using Artificial Muscles | Vishal Parshuram Patil | | ID207 | ID207 | Thermal Hydraulic Studies On Thermal Storage Design For Solar Energy | Sameer S. Gole | | | | Application | | | | ID208 | The Space Shuttle-A Future Space Transformation System | Sachin Rajaram Bhosale |

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Methods of preparing internal combustion engine cylinder bore surfaces for frictional improvement Kong Chung Hwa\textsuperscript{1,2}, D.Ramasamy\textsuperscript{1,2,*}, K. Kadrigama\textsuperscript{1,2}, M. M.Noor\textsuperscript{1,2}, M. M.Rahman\textsuperscript{1,2}, M. Samykano\textsuperscript{1,2} \textsuperscript{1}Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia \textsuperscript{2}Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia Abstract. Frictional losses piston to cylinder bore contact is a major sources of mechanical losses in an internal combustion engine (ICE). Traditional plateau honing produces a relatively rough cylinder bore surface with many valleys for oil retention and plateau surfaces that are usually has micro roughness’s that causes mechanical friction to act as a bearing surface. A smooth polished dimpled surface is more ideal to achieve low friction and wear in an ICE. Alternative methods to create a smooth dimpled surface on a hypereutectic aluminum ADC12 substrate for frictional improvements are evaluated in this study using an oscillating wear tester (OWT). The methods include casting in the dimples in the aluminum matrix, sandblasting as well as embossing the pits. The texture samples are evaluated by examining the surface properties, measuring frictional coefficient as well as wear characteristics. It was found that the samples embossed with #320 grit sandpaper and sandblasted with #240 sieve sand samples had a reduced coefficient of friction ($\mu$) of 23% at low sliding speeds before hydrodynamic lubrication mode and 6.9% in the fully hydrodynamic lubrication region. 1 Introduction The wheel revolutionized human civilization as it enabled heavy transportation of goods and commodities, fostered trade, made construction of larger structures possible and revolutionized human transport in the form of wheel barrows, horse carriages and ox carts. It wasn’t until the accidental discovery by an engineer by the name of Beauchamp Tower whom in his experiment observed that the sliding surfaces can be separated by a pressurized oil film that the idea of two sliding surfaces can be separated by a lubricant achieving minimal friction and wear. Reynolds furthered his findings and established the theories of hydrodynamic lubrication and in 1922, Sir William Bate Hardy coined the term boundary lubrication [1, 2]. Since the turn of the 20th century, burning hydrocarbon based fuels in Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) has become one of the primary energy generation methods. * Corresponding author: [email protected] Globally, the burning of fossil fuels provides 86.4% of energy demands [3]. It saw applications far and wide from power generation to transport and even to operating a myriad of machines which together has powered mankind through the industrialization era and brought about the modern age as we know it today. The widespread application success of the ICE has hence contributed a major role in Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere. According to the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC), 57% of the total greenhouse emissions in 2007 came from the burning of fossil fuels alone which amounts to 32 billion metric tonnes of CO2 [4]. The average CO2 levels in the atmosphere has risen from 328 ppm in 1970 to 399 ppm in 2013 [5]. As ICEs still are an integral to modern day living and its fuel source is not renewable, it is wise to invest some effort to make it cleaner and more fuel efficient to stretch oil reserve lifespans; allowing for more time for alternative renewable energy sources such as solar power to mature. An ICE that is cleaner and more efficient not only reduce running costs, but also helps reduce the its environmental footprint, preserving the environment for the future generations to come. As governments worldwide begin to impose emission regulations to do their part to reduce greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, there has been ever increasing importance for engine manufacturers to improve the emissions and efficiency of their smaller engines as well. The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (2008-2012) has just been passed where participating countries are required to reduce overall CO2 emissions from their 1990 levels over the next decade as stated in the agreement. The second commitment period (2013-2020) will see further CO2 cuts [6] which will push green engine designers to find extra efficiency from power plants and vehicles. This in turn has pushed vehicle manufacturers to consider the use of aluminum as an engine block material to further reduce weight, saving fuel and reducing CO2 emissions in the process. Other improvements implemented include better fueling systems, improved engine head designs and changes aimed at reducing the mechanical friction of an ICE such as the use of smaller sized bearings as well as low friction cylinder bore surfaces. Reducing the mechanical losses of an ICE is a key part in improving its efficiency. Besides the energy wasted heating up the engine as well as spent hot exhaust gasses, the second largest energy loss is from mechanical friction in the engine especially in the piston assembly [7-9]. In Figure 1, most of the power from combustion is converted in to heat. The remaining energy is turned in to work done and out of the work done by the ICE, a significant portion of it goes to overcoming mechanical and pumping losses [10, 11]. Figure 1 shows that the frictional losses from an ICE is mostly contributed by the piston assembly. Therefore, improvements in this area would yield the most effect to improving the overall fuel efficiency of an ICE. Aluminum especially in the form of its various silicate alloys is a lightweight metal that has good strength to weight ratios and has seen applications in many fields of engineering [12]. In the field of internal combustion engines, there has been an increasing trend where aluminium is used as the main material to produce engine blocks [13]. Aluminium is either cast around a cast iron liner or used as it is to from the cylinder block. The eutectic silicate alloy of aluminium, A390 has good strength to weight ratio and exhibits good wear properties due to its high silicate content preventing wear after the aluminium has been etched away exposing the silicate as the bearing surface. This coupled with surface honing to create a crossed hatch pattern in the cylinder bore surface is the method currently deployed in making small ICEs for applications such as grass trimmers, chainsaws, small generators and other general purpose engines. To achieve minimal friction between the sliding surfaces in the engine bore, the ideal mating surfaces are polished and lubricated but this cannot be used as piston rings scrape off lubrication and the following reciprocations will result in unlubricated surfaces sliding past each other hence causing catastrophic wear and tear after short operation periods. [14, 15]. Surface honing makes plateaued scratches on the surface of the cylinder but increases surface friction as it reduces surface conformity and creates more instances where the piston ring pack comes in to contact with the cylinder bore surface, which is known as boundary lubrication. Ideally, the cylinder bore has to be a surface that is polished to minimize inconformity between sliding surfaces which is the main cause of boundary lubrication mode [16]. Having said that however, an overly smooth conforming surface is detrimental when it comes to reciprocating wear systems as the reciprocating action wipes off the oil in one cycle and the following cycles would suffer from lubrication starvation and subsequently, catastrophic wear [17, 18]. To achieve reduction in friction and wear, the sliding surfaces ideally need to have a smooth surface and a uniformly distributed array of recesses or dimples to allow oil retention but at the same time ensuring good surface conformity. 2 Measurement of piston ring friction Piston ring tension of the compression rings used in this study is measured using a method developed by Tan and Ripin where the piston assembly is placed on a V-block and the tensile machine is set in compression mode. In this test, an Instron 3360 universal testing machine is used. The compression speed of the machine is set at 0.005 mm/s and the compression is stopped when the diameter of the of the piston ring reaches the diameter of the cylinder bore. A V-block is used to locate the piston assembly during testing. The forces are resolved using a free body diagram as shown in Figure 2. The measurement is repeated three times and the average piston ring tension is calculated [19]. The averaged result from the compression test shows that the piston ring tension of the compression ring is 17.9 N. The elastic tension of the piston ring is given by Eq. (1). \[ \Sigma F = F_1 + F_2 + F_3 \tag{1} \] Since, \[ F_2 = F_3 \] The surface area of contact between the piston ring and the cylinder bore is calculated via Eq. (2) \[ \text{Area} = \pi \times r \times t \tag{2} \] where $r$ is the radius of the cylinder bore and $t$ is the thickness of the piston ring measured to be 1.5 mm giving an area of 169.6 mm². Hence the nominal contact pressure of the piston ring to the cylinder bore for each given piston ring is calculated to be 254.7 kPa using Eq. (3) \[ P = \frac{\text{Force}}{\text{Area}} \] (3) **Fig. 2.** Free body diagram of the piston assembly on the V-block during piston ring tension measurement. Dotted line indicate initial position of piston ring. ### 3 Initial oscillating wear tester fabrication Initially an OWT design was conceptualized design criterions such as ease of sample fabrication to eliminate the need for complicated machining and enable higher repeatability in surface preparation and the ability to operate at a wide range of speeds that would be able to produce a broader representation of the friction curve behavior of an ICE as in Figure 3. To achieve these criterions that had been set, the OWT needed to have a small stroke that is similar to small ICEs and a low reciprocating weight to reduce the vibrations during testing. The next step was to make oil retention in the materials. The material was casted from aluminum and graphite was added to make peaks and valleys. The peaks and valleys undergo wear and due to their oil retention the friction coefficient is estimated to be reduced and a smoother engine operation is targeted. **Fig. 3.** Oscillating Wear Tester. 4 Results and discussion Oil retention volume, VO in $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$ is calculated via the Eq. (4) as described by [20] using the surface roughness values: Figure 4 shows the calculated oil retention volume for each of the samples in comparison with plateau honed surface. Conventional plateau honing would produce a surface with an oil retention volume of 0.83 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$. Samples that were casted with graphite powder has even lower oil retention volume in comparison with the highest being only 0.61 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$ and lowest being 0.49 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$. The low oil retention volumes are attributed to the smoothness of the surface of the samples that were casted with graphite powder, having only small pits to retain oil after the piston rings sweep through the surface. $$V_O = \left(\frac{100 - MR2}{200}\right) \cdot R_{vk}$$ \hspace{1cm} (4) FigIn contrast to the low amounts of oil retention from the smooth surfaces of the samples casted with powdered graphite, surfaces that were sandblasted had much higher oil retention volumes which are attributed by their deep valleys that are formed when the impact of the sand particles on the surface of the substrate. Amongst the sandblasted samples, #180 sieve sandblasted sample has the highest oil retention volume with 3.68 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$ followed by #240 sieve sandblasted sample with 2.41 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$. #320 sieve sandblasted sample has an oil retention volume that is slightly higher than that of a conventional plateau honed surface with 1.18 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$. Embossing also creates surfaces that have equally high oil retention volumes as sandblasted surfaces with #320 grit sandpaper embossed surface having up to 4.46 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$ of oil retention due to the very deep valleys created from the embossing process because of the higher contact pressure between the surface asperities to the surface. The oil retention sharply falls off to a more modest 1.85 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$ and 1.40 $\mu m^3/\mu m^2$ when #480 grit and #640 grit sandpaper were used to emboss the surface as the valley depths of these two subsequent embossing are much less deep in comparison. Overall the sandblasted samples and embossed samples exhibited improved oil retention volumes over the conventional plateau honed sample which improves the oil film strength as well as their resistance to seizing during heavy operations. Their ability to maintain the oil retention even after excessive wear will also be good as the indentations created are deep enough to maintain the surface’s ability to retain oil even after a significant amount of wear depth. Bearing area curve (BAC) or also known as the Abbott-Firestone curve or areal material ratio curve is cumulative probability density function of a surface profile’s height. Typically a BAC is divided into three sections; profile peaks, profile surface land and profile valleys. The cumulative material ratio of the peaks is the curve starting from the 100% point that falls rapidly into a straight line which is the profile surface land. The surface profile land ends with a curve that steeply drops down to zero which represent the cumulative percentage of material height of the valleys on the surface profile. The beginning and the end of the bearing area land is denoted by the MR1 and MR2 points and the larger the bearing area land, generally the more tolerance it has for normal wear and tear. The BAC curve of the conventional plateau honed sample has a MR1 that starts at 9.8% and MR2 at 88.4%. Samples casted with graphite powder however has a MR1 value that occurs at an earlier between 4.6% to 5.3% and their MR2 points occur even later between 93.8% to 96.4%. This gives the graphite powder casted samples a slightly larger bearing area surface as seen in Figure 5 where the BAC of all three graphite powder casted samples are plotted along with the BAC of plateau honed surface for comparison. The bearing land area of the powder casted samples has a steeper gradient compared to plateau honed surface which indicates that the plateau honed surface flatter plateau region or peaks compared to the casted samples. **Fig. 4.** Calculated oil retention volume of the samples. **Fig. 5.** Bearing area curve of Al-Si casted with sieved graphite powder in comparison to plateau honed bearing area curve. The graphite addition seems to be beneficial in term peak and valley creation as in Figure 6. When the BAC of plateau honed sample was compared to sandblasted samples, the trend that can be seen is that the bearing area straight lines are above the bearing area lines of the conventional plateau honed sample even though the MR1 figures occur later between 8.7% to 12.8%. This is due to the nature of the surface roughness profiles that has valleys deeper than that of plateau honed surfaces. The deep valleys are shown at the end of the BAC of the sandblasted samples that fall off steeply from about 50% of the profile height as in Figure 7. The MR2 also occurs at about the same range as conventional plateau honed which is from 84.2% to 89.8% which would give it an advantage in oil retention volumes over conventional plateau honed surfaces. The surface embossed with #320 grit sandpaper has BAC similar to that of a sandblasted sample with a low profile height % before MR1 at 11.7% and MR2 occurs at 83.5% with more than 50% of the profile height in valleys. For the sample embossed with #480 grit sandpaper, the BAC closely resembles that of a plateau honed surface with the MR1 and MR2 occurring slightly earlier at 8.5% and 84.4%. When #640 grit sandpaper was used, the resulting surface has a BAC that has higher peaks than a plateau honed sample where the beginning part of the BAC is below the BAC of the plateau honed sample but the MR2 occurs at about the same range of profile height %. Though the profile maybe a bit peaky but the bearing landing is flatter than the other samples. ![Graphite 3 Carbon Deposits on the SEM](image) **Fig. 6.** Graphite 3 Carbon Deposits on the SEM. ![Bearing area curve of Al-Si sandblasted with grated sand in comparison to plateau honed bearing area curve.](image) **Fig. 7.** Bearing area curve of Al-Si sandblasted with grated sand in comparison to plateau honed bearing area curve. Peaks and valleys are created in sandblasted samples as in Figure 8 indicates that the samples are indeed creating oil retaining area which can aide the process of lubrication. For the embossed samples in comparison with plateau honed surface, there is a surprising amount of difference in the shape and the height of the BAC. Figure 9 is a plot of the BAC of the embossed samples in comparison to the plateau honed surface. Figure 10 shows that carbon deposit is similar to the EDX, with peak in Carbon value. The carbon addition shows good distribution of the valleys in Figure 11. The attrition of Aluminum in the sample increases as the wear is increased. The OWT running is make this possible. The Aluminum in the sample confirm that the material property is maintained. Based on Figure 11 the peaks and valleys occur as per BAC for the embosses sample. It is very similar to the plateau honed and can be described as a new method to increase the oil retention. Fig. 10. EDX Showing the attrition of the sample. Fig. 11. Emboss 1 Surface is more distributed compared to plateau honing. 5 Conclusions From the surface measurements, frictional measurements and wear studies of hypereutectic aluminium-silicon (ADC12) alloy, the following conclusions can be made: 1. The samples that have undergone polishing to flatten out the peaks and has lower Ra than plateau honing have on average, 24% lower coefficient of friction than plateau honed surface which shows especially significantly at speeds of 300 rpm and below and on average, 6% lower coefficient of friction at sliding speeds above 1200 rpm. 2. Hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy samples casted with graphite powder has significantly lower friction and wear rate attributed by the smooth polished surface that resembled a well-worn cylinder bore surface however suffer from low oil retention volumes which eventually led to lowered resistance to catastrophic wear. 3. Surfaces created from #240 sieve sandblasting and #320 grit embossing showed improvement over conventional plateau honed surface due to their lower mean surface roughness and similar skewedness values coupled with improved oil retention. The authors would like to acknowledge Universiti Malaysia Pahang in the vote RDU 1403124 internal grants and Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal together with Automotive Engineering Research Group (AERG) for funding the research. References 1. D. Dowson, A. Goldsmith, C. McNie, and S. Smith, *A Tribological Study of Metal-on-metal Total Replacement Hip Joints*: London, Professional Engineering Publishing, 2003. 2. G. Stachowiak and A. W. Batchelor, *Experimental methods in tribology* vol. 44: Elsevier, 2004. 3. A. E. Outlook, "Energy information administration," *Department of Energy*, 2010. 4. I. P. O. C. Change, "IPCC," *Aspectos Regionais e Setoriais da Contribuição do Grupo de Trabalho II ao 4º Relatório de Avaliação “Mudança Climática 2007” do IPCC*, 2007. 5. S. M. Miller, S. C. Wofsy, A. M. Michalak, E. A. Kort, A. E. Andrews, S. C. Biraud, *et al.*, "Anthropogenic emissions of methane in the United States," *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* vol. 110, pp. 20018–20022, 2013. 6. U. Nations, "Kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change," 1998. 7. J. B. Heywood, *Internal combustion engine fundamentals* vol. 930: Mcgraw-hill New York, 1988. 8. C. Taylor, "Automobile engine tribology—design considerations for efficiency and durability," *Wear*, vol. 221, pp. 1-8, 1998. 9. D. Ramasamy, Z. Zainal, K. Kadirgama, and H. W.-G. Briggs, "Effect of dissimilar valve lift on a bi-fuel CNG engine operation," *Energy* vol. 112, pp. 509-519, 2016. 10. P. Mishra, S. Balakrishnan, and H. Rahnejat, "Tribology of compression ring-to-cylinder contact at reversal," *Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology*, vol. 222, pp. 815-826, 2008. 11. A. Spencer, A. Almqvist, and R. Larsson, "A numerical model to investigate the effect of honing angle on the hydrodynamic lubrication between a combustion engine piston ring and cylinder liner," *Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology*. vol. 225, pp. 683-689, 2011. 12. J. G. Kaufman, *Introduction to aluminum alloys and tempers*: ASM International, 2000. 13. J.-m. Chen and J.-h. Jia, "Investigation of the tribological behavior of an aluminum alloy with embedded materials," *Materials Science and Engineering: A*, vol. 302, pp. 222-226, 2001. 14. Z. Dimkovski, N. Allard, C. Anderberg, F. Strömstedt, S. Johansson, B.-G. Rosen, *et al.*, "Cylinder Liner Honed Surface Optimisation—a Manufacture-Characterisation-Function Study," in *1st Swedish Production Symposium, 28-30 August, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2007*, p. 9. 15. E. Tomanik, "Friction and wear bench tests of different engine liner surface finishes," *Tribology International*, vol. 41, pp. 1032-1038, 2008. 16. L. Mourier, D. Mazuyer, F. Ninove, and A. Lubrecht, "Lubrication mechanisms with laser-surface-textured surfaces in elastohydrodynamic regime," *Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology*, vol. 224, pp. 697-711, 2010. 17. M. Organisciak, G. Cavallaro, and A. Lubrecht, "Variable lubricant supply of a starved hydrodynamic linear contact: lubricant lateral flow for smooth and laser textured surfaces," *Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology*, vol. 221, pp. 247-258, 2007. 18. D. Ramasamy, Z. Zainal, R. Bakar, and K. Kadigama, "Mass fraction burn comparison of compressed natural gas and gasoline," in *Applied Mechanics and Materials*, 2014, pp. 442-446. 19. Y.-C. Tan and Z. M. Ripin, "Frictional behavior of piston rings of small utility two-stroke engine under secondary motion of piston," *Tribology International*, vol. 44, pp. 592-602, 2011. 20. M. Priest and C. Taylor, "Automobile engine tribology—approaching the surface," *Wear*, vol. 241, pp. 193-203, 2000.

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Leadership Wyoming Youth Program Questionnaire Name (optional): ______________________________ Age: ___________ Grade: ___________ School / City: ______________________________ Age: ___________ Grade: ___________ School / City: ______________________________ Leadership Wyoming is a program providing opportunities for a better understanding of the economic and social diversity and the challenges facing our state as well as offering development opportunities for the participants’ leadership skills. Our hope is to offer the same opportunities to the youth of Wyoming through experiences in various communities around the state in multiple sessions of varied length. As part of our exploration process, we would like to get your valuable input on the following questions. Would you be interested in participating in a Youth Leadership Wyoming program? What would you expect to learn in such a program? What do you wish you could learn about Wyoming that you haven’t learned in H.S.? What would you hope is NOT included in such a program? If you could change anything for youth in Wyoming, what would it be? What communities would interest you the most and why? Would you or your family require assistance with the necessary travel? Any other thought you would like to share:

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Over the years, we have published numerous essays examining papers that become highly cited shortly after publication. Presumably, the immediate impact of these papers points to "where the action is." In these studies, however, the life sciences usually dominate, especially such fields as biochemistry, immunology, and molecular biology. In separate studies of the physical sciences, theoretical and experimental particle physics and quantum field theory papers usually predominate. Other fields, such as botany, mathematics, or geosciences, may be underrepresented. Various factors account for this underrepresentation. In general, the number of citations a paper in a given field is "eligible" to receive depends on the size of that field's literature. Another key factor is the number of references cited in the average paper. For example, the average biochemistry paper cites twice as many references as the average mathematics paper. Thus, a biochemical article has twice the chance of being cited as does a mathematical article. The prolific output of papers by biochemists increases the probability that their papers will dominate a list based on absolute counts. So it would be ludicrous to make direct comparisons between fields without "normalizing" for these variances. By focusing on selected portions of ISI's data base, however, we can identify key articles from fields that would not otherwise turn up. For example, we recently identified the 44 most-cited entomology papers from a list of 36 core journals. Papers from such small fields ordinarily do not achieve the required citation threshold in multidisciplinary studies based on the entire *Science Citation Index* (SCI). For similar reasons, we used the *CompuMath Citation Index* to identify 100 highly cited articles in pure and applied mathematics and computer science. By a similar approach, we have now identified geosciences articles published in 1981 which were highly cited from 1981 to 1983. Data for this essay are from *ISI/GeoSciTech*, our online data base for the earth sciences. *ISI/GeoSciTech* includes petroleum science, geochemistry and geophysics, oceanography, metallurgy, mining, meteorology, and many other disciplines related to the Earth's environment. Each year, *ISI/GeoSciTech* comprehensively indexes more than 400 "core" earth sciences journals. By various selection routines, articles from another 1,500 journals are indexed. Potentially, articles could also be drawn from the over 3,300 publications covered in *SCI*, as well as another 2,700 from the *Social Sciences Citation Index* (SSCI) and the *Arts & Humanities Citation Index* (A&HCI) data bases. Items from these journals are automatically indexed if they meet the requirements of the selection algorithm. For example, a current article is selected if it cites two or more articles from core journals. But each automatically selected item is then reviewed by our editors for its relevance to the geosciences. The present study is based on ISI/GeoSciTech data from 1981 through 1983. This includes 161,000 articles and the 3,000,000 references they cited. About 75 percent, or 120,000, of the articles were published in the fully covered core journals. The remaining 25 percent, or about 41,000 articles, were published in one of the selectively covered journals. Many of these noncore articles were from journals in the astrophysics, crystallography, ecology, and materials science. Consequently, a significant number of the papers identified below come from these journals. Table 1 includes the 99 papers we identified. They are listed in alphabetic order by first author. Each of the articles in this study received at least 25 citations. Had we lowered the threshold to 24, another 16 papers would have been listed. The number of times each paper was cited is followed by complete bibliographic information, including institutional affiliations. The average paper received 37 citations—4.5 in 1981, 13.9 in 1982, and 18.6 in 1983. The most-cited paper received 136 cites in this three-year period. Since most of the 4,000,000 papers and books cited each year in SCI receive only a few citations, the papers in this study are clearly above average in their impact. We do not claim that these papers represent the "best" or most original geosciences research. Nor is the inclusion of the citation counts meant to suggest that one paper is "better" than another. These papers identify emerging research areas or techniques. Based on experience, there is a strong chance that many will prove to be "important" in the future. But the integration of most new ideas and methods in the earth sciences is relatively slow. It is not unlikely that future analyses will reveal other 1981 papers that subsequently prove to be heavily cited. Recently, we clustered SCI and identified the most active research fronts. Briefly, a research front is established by identifying a group of current papers that collectively cite a cluster of earlier, "core" papers in a specialty. These co-citation clustering procedures have been described previously. Our work with SCI research fronts is an extension of those procedures. We expect to report our findings in more detail later. In the meantime, we found that 48 papers in Table 1 are core articles in these 1981, 1982, and 1983 research fronts. The appropriate code numbers follow each reference. Table 2 lists the titles of these research fronts, the number of papers from this study that are core to each one, and the total number of each research front's core papers. Table 3 shows the number of authors listed on the papers in this study. All but 17 papers were multiauthor works, with nine papers listing ten or more authors. Forty-six authors appear on more than one paper in Table 1. Thirty-nine authors were listed on two papers each. Seven have three papers each: D.J. DePaolo, R. Hanel, V.G. Kunde, W. Maguire, P.H. Reiff, R.E. Samuelson, and R.W. Spiro. Table 4 lists the 30 journals in which the geosciences papers were published. The three editions of the Journal of Geophysical Research (32 papers) and Science (19) account for more than half of the papers. The 51 papers in these two journals received over 2,000 citations, or 55 percent of the 3,662 cites to the 99 articles in this study. Thus, as expected, a Table 1: The 1981 geosciences articles most cited in 1981-1983, ISI/GeoSciTech™, in alphabetic order by first author. Code numbers indicate the ISIP research front specialties for which these are core papers. A = 1981 citations. B = 1982 citations. C = 1983 citations. D = total citations. E = bibliographic data. | | | | | | |---|---|---|---|---| | 3 | 13 | 21 | 37 | Akasofu S-I. Energy coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. *Space Sci. Rev.* 28:121-90, 1981. Univ. Alaska, Geophys. Inst., Fairbanks, AK. 83-0390 | | 1 | 7 | 20 | 28 | Angell J K. Comparison of variations in atmospheric quantities with sea surface temperature variations in the equatorial eastern Pacific. *Mon. Weather Rev.* 109:230-43, 1981. NOAA, Air Resources Labs., Silver Spring, MD; CSIRO, Div. Atmos. Phys., Victoria, Australia. 83-0958 | | 10| 7 | 12 | 29 | Arnold F, Henschen G & Ferguson E E. Mass spectrometric measurements of fractional ion abundances in the stratosphere—positive ions. *Planet. Space Sci.* 29:185-93, 1981. Max Planck Inst. Nucl. Phys., Heidelberg, FRG. | | 2 | 6 | 17 | 25 | Atlas E & Glam C S. Global transport of organic pollutants: ambient concentrations in the temperate marine atmosphere. *Science* 211:163-5, 1981. Texas A & M Univ., Chem. Dept., College Station, TX | | 7 | 20 | 25 | 52 | Bagenal F & Sullivan J D. Direct plasma measurements in the Io torus and inner magnetosphere of Jupiter. *J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys.* 86:8447-66, 1981. Mass. Inst. Technol., Ctr. Space Res., Cambridge, MA. 83-1538 | | 2 | 12 | 12 | 26 | Baker D N, Hones E W, Payne J B & Feldman W C. A high time resolution study of interplanetary parameter correlations with AE. *Geophys. Res. Lett.* 8:179-82, 1981. Univ. California, Los Alamos Sci. Lab., Los Alamos, NM. | | 3 | 13 | 14 | 30 | Ballistrieri L, Brewer P G & Murray J W. Scavenging residence times of trace metals and surface chemistry of sinking particles in the deep ocean. *Deep-Sea Res. Pt. A—Oceanog. Res.* 28:101-21, 1981. Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, MA; Univ. Washington, Dept. Oceanogr., Seattle, WA. | | 3 | 11 | 11 | 25 | Balluffi R W & Cash J W. Mechanism for diffusion induced grain boundary migration. *Acta Met.* 29:493-500, 1981. Mass. Inst. Technol., Dept. Mater. Sci. Eng., Cambridge, MA; Natl. Bur. Stand., Ctr. Mater. Sci., Washington, DC. 83-1708 | | 10| 7 | 11 | 28 | Barrie L A, Hoff R M & Dagupaty S M. The influence of mid-latitude pollution sources on haze in the Canadian Arctic. *Atmos. Environ.* 15:1407-19, 1981. Atmos. Envir. Res. Inst., Toronto, Canada. | | 0 | 11 | 15 | 26 | Ben-Avraham Z, Nur A, Jones D & Cox A. Continental accretion: from oceanic plateaus to allochthonous terranes. *Science* 213:47-54, 1981. Stanford Univ., Dept. Geophys., Stanford; US Geol. Survey, Menlo Park, CA. 83-1145 | | 2 | 9 | 18 | 29 | Benjamin M M & Leckie I O. Multiple-site adsorption of Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb on amorphous iron oxyhydroxide. *J. Colloid Interface Sci.* 79:209-21, 1981. Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA; Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA. 83-1353 | | 13| 6 | 8 | 27 | Boudier F & Coleman R G. Cross section through the peridotite in the Samail ophiolite, Southeastern Oman Mountains. *J. Geophys. Res.* 86:2573-92, 1981. Univ. Nantes, Tectonophys. Lab., Nantes, France; US Geol. Survey, Menlo Park, CA. | | 10| 17 | 22 | 49 | Bridge H S, Belcher J W, Lazarus A J, Olbert S, Sullivan J D, Bagenal F, Gazis P R, Hartle R E, Ogilvie K W, Scudder J D, Stittler E C, Evlatar A, Slecoe G L, Goertz C K & Vasyliunas V M. Plasma observations near Saturn: initial results from Voyager 1. *Science* 212:217-24, 1981. Mass. Inst. Technol., Ctr. Space Res. & Dept. Phys., Cambridge, MA; NASA/Goddard Space Flight Ctr., Lab. Planet. Atmos. & Lab. Extraterrest., Greenbelt, MD; Univ. California, Dept. Atmos. Sci., Los Angeles, CA; Max Planck Inst. Aeronom., Kadenburg-Lindau, FRG; Univ. Iowa, Iowa City, IA. 82-1234 | | 16| 24 | 25 | 65 | Broadfoot A L, Sandel B R, Sheimansky D E, Holberg J B, Smith G R, Strobel D F, McConnell J C, Kumar S, Hunten D M, Atreya S K, Donahue T M, Moos H W, Bertaux J L, Blamont J E, Pompfrey R B & Linick S. Extreme ultraviolet observations from Voyager 1 encounter with Saturn. *Science* 212:206-11, 1981. Univ. S. California, Earth Space Sci. Inst.; Univ. Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC; York Univ., Toronto, Canada; Univ. S. California, Los Angeles; Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, CA; Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD; CNRS, Serv. Aeronom., Verrières-le-Buisson, France. 83-3458; 82-1234 | | 7 | 12 | 10 | 29 | Broadfoot A L, Sandel B R, Sheimansky D E, McConnell J C, Smith G R, Holberg J B, Atreya S K, Donahue T M, Strobel D F & Bertaux J L. Overview of the Voyager ultraviolet spectrometry results through Jupiter encounter. *J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys.* 86:8259-84, 1981. Univ. S. California, Earth Space Sci. Inst., Tucson, AZ; Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC; CNRS, Serv. Aeronom., Verrières-le-Buisson, France. | | | | | | | |---|---|---|---|---| | 6 | 14 | 11 | 31 | Brown R A. The Jupiter hot plasma torus: observed electron temperature and energy flows. *Astrophys. J.* 244:1072-80, 1981. Univ. 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Radiophys., Inc., Boulder, CO; Univ. Florida, Dept. Astron., Gainesville, FL; NASA/Goddard Space Flight Ctr., Lab. Extraterr. Phys., Greenbelt, MD; Sect. Astrophys. Meudon, Paris Observ., Meudon, France. 83-3458; 82-1234 | | 2 | 19 | 20 | 41 | Webster P J, Mechanisms determining the atmospheric response to sea surface temperature anomalies. *J. Atmos. Sci.* 38:554-71, 1981. CSIRO, Div. Atmos. Phys., Victoria, Australia. 82-1054 | | 0 | 10 | 19 | 29 | Williamson P G, Palaeontological documentation of speciation in Cenozoic molluscs from Turkana Basin. *Nature* 293:437-43, 1981. Harvard Univ., Museum Compar. Zool., Cambridge, MA. 83-5706 | | 4 | 20 | 15 | 39 | Wilson R C, Gulik S, Janssen M, Hudson H S & Chapman G A, Observations of solar irradiance variability. *Science* 211:700-2, 1981. Calif. Inst. Technol., Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena; Univ. California, San Diego, Ctr. Astrophys. Space Sci., La Jolla; California State Univ., San Fernando Observ., Northridge, CA. | | 0 | 15 | 13 | 28 | Woodward P, Savin S M & Douglas R G, Miocene stable isotope record: a detailed deep Pacific ocean section and paleoclimatic implications. *Science* 212:665-8, 1981. Univ. S. California, Dept. Geol. Sci., Los Angeles, CA; Case Western Reserve Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci., Cleveland, OH. | | 0 | 10 | 17 | 27 | Young D T, Perraut S, Roux A, de Villedey C, Gendrin R, Korth A, Kremer G & Jones D, Wave-particle interactions near QHe⁺ observed on GEOS 1 and 2. 1. Propagation of ion cyclotron waves in He⁺-rich plasma. *J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys.* 86:6755-72, 1981. Univ. Bern, Phys. Inst., Bern, Switzerland; Ctr. Res. Phys. Environ., Terr. Planet & Ctr. Natl. Stud. Telecommun., Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; Max Planck Inst. Aeronom., Katlenburg-Lindau, FRG; ESTEC, Space Sci. Dept., Noordwijk, Holland. | | 8 | 17 | 1 | 26 | Zamorani G, Henry J P, Maccacaro T, Tananbaum H, Soltan A, Avni Y, Liebert J, Stocke J, Strittmatter P A, Weymann R J, Smith M G & Condon J J, X-ray studies of quasars with the Einstein observatory. II. *Astrophys. J.* 245:357-74, 1981. Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys., Cambridge, MA; Copernicus Astron. Ctr., Warsaw, Poland; Weizmann Inst. Sci., Rehovot, Israel; Univ. Arizona, Steward Observ., Tucson, AZ; Royal Observ., Edinburgh, UK; Natl. Radio Astron. Observ. & Virginia Polytech. Inst. State Univ., Dept. Phys., Blacksburg, VA. 83-0564; 82-1178 | Table 2: 1981, 1982, and 1983 ISI® research fronts for which the papers in this study are core documents. A = research front number. B = research front name. C = number of geosciences papers in the core of each research front. D = total number of core papers in each research front. | A | B | C | D | |-------|-------------------------------------------------------------------|---|---| | 81-1691 | X-ray astrophysics | | 2 | | 82-0159 | Kinetics of bacterial methanogenesis and sulfate reduction in estuarine and marine sediments | | 19 | | 82-0331 | Relationships between field-aligned currents and auroral phenomena | | 20 | | 82-0401 | Isotope geochemistry of oceanic basalts and mantle evolution; isotope geochemistry of oceanic basalts, island arc magmas and continental rocks | | 22 | | 82-0411 | Photoemission studies of surface core-level binding energy shifts in rare-earth metal compounds | | 3 | | 82-0412 | Photoemission studies of mixed valence and 4F-surface chemical shifts in cerium compounds | | 4 | | 82-1054 | Tropical sea-surface temperature-field and surface wind-field variability associated with Southern Oscillation El-Nino | | 7 | | 82-1086 | Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling and auroral plasma | | 15 | | 82-1169 | Geochemical studies of volcanic rocks and the mantle | | 3 | | 82-1178 | X-ray emission from quasars, Seyfert galaxies and active galactic nuclei | | 12 | | 82-1234 | Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 observations of Saturn and Titan and analysis of rings of Saturn, magnetosphere and atmosphere | | 9 | | 82-1921 | Seismic wave investigations of mantle and core structure | | 2 | | 82-2384 | Impact of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere on the climate | | 5 | | 82-2806 | Isolation, identification and mutagenic properties of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | | 4 | | 83-0390 | Auroral processes and the magnetosphere and ionosphere | | 33 | | 83-0408 | Crustal and mantle velocity structures using earthquake data and inversion techniques | | 14 | | 83-0564 | X-ray, radio and optical observations of Seyfert galaxies, stars, quasi-stellar objects and other objects | | 56 | | 83-0687 | Cretaceous and early tertiary magnetic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy | | 7 | | 83-0867 | Deep-sea drilling project results: hydrothermal mounds of the Galapagos Rift and other spreading centers | | 12 | | 83-0924 | Models and observations of baroclinic instability and other middle atmosphere flows | | 34 | | 83-0958 | Equatorial Pacific sea-surface temperatures and climate: the El-Nino Southern Oscillation | | 15 | | 83-1145 | Paleomagnetic and tectonic studies: determining the structure and evolution of the crust and upper mantle | | 51 | | 83-1213 | Origin and geochemistry of granites and other igneous rocks | | 14 | | 83-1353 | Adsorption properties and other surface properties of ruthenium dioxide and related oxide catalysts in aqueous solution | | 36 | | 83-1537 | Hydrocarbon generation and subsidence, thermal evolution and organic geochemistry of sedimentary basins | | 27 | | 83-1538 | Observation and properties of the Io plasma torus and its interaction with the Jovian magnetosphere | | 2 | | 83-1708 | Diffusion induced grain-boundary migration and related processes in copper alloys | | 5 | | 83-1808 | Fatigue crack growth and fracture toughness in steels and other materials | | 33 | | 83-3458 | Voyager observations of Saturn's ring magnetosphere and ice-rich satellites with emphasis on Titan and its atmosphere | | 23 | | 83-4040 | Evidence for mantle and crust evolution from mineralogy and trace element chemistry of the Columbia River basalts | | 2 | | 83-4567 | Measurements of atmospheric constituents by infrared spectroscopy | | 8 | | 83-4677 | Structure and properties of graphite intercalation compounds including those of transition metals and other alloy metals | | 14 | | 83-5706 | Systematics, biogeography, cladistic analysis and aspects of phylogenetic relationships in patterns of speciation and evolution | | 20 | | 83-5753 | Relationship of atmospheric carbon dioxide and changes in climate and global sea level | | 11 | | 83-8298 | Sources and distributions of atmospheric ozone, methane and carbon monoxide | | 3 | Table 3: The number of authors on the geosciences papers. A = number of authors. B = number of papers having that number of authors. | A | B | |---|---| | 27 | 1 | | 16 | 3 | | 15 | 1 | | 13 | 1 | | 12 | 1 | | 10 | 2 | | 8 | 3 | | 7 | 5 | | 6 | 2 | | 5 | 5 | | 4 | 8 | | 3 | 20| | 2 | 30| | 1 | 17| Table 4: The 30 journals represented on the list of the 99 geosciences papers most cited 1981-1983. The numbers in parentheses are the impact factors for the journals. (1983 impact factor = total citations to all 99 papers received in 1981-1982 articles, divided by the number of articles published by the journal during the same period.) The figures at the right indicate the number of papers from each journal which appear on the list. | Journal | No. of Papers | |----------------------------------------------|---------------| | *J. Geophys. Res.* (3.71) | 32 | | Science (7.41) | 19 | | J. Atmos. Sci. (3.17) | 5 | | Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. (3.34) | 4 | | Mon. Weather Rev. (2.62) | 4 | | Nature (9.26) | 4 | | Astrophys. J. (3.94) | 3 | | Geophys. Res. Lett. (2.93) | 3 | | Deep-Sea Res.—A—Oceanog. Res. (NA) | 2 | | Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta (3.54) | 2 | | Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors (1.75) | 2 | | AAPG Bull.—Amer. Ass. Petrol. G. (1.36) | 1 | | Acta Met. (2.07) | 1 | | Advan. Phys. (12.76) | 1 | | Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (2.08) | 1 | | Appl. Opt. (1.81) | 1 | | Atmos. Environ. (1.97) | 1 | | Eos (NA) | 1 | | Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. (1.76) | 1 | | Geophys. (2.37) | 1 | | Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. (1.36) | 1 | | J. Colloid Interface Sci. (1.48) | 1 | | J. Geol. Soc. (1.88) | 1 | | J. Phys. F—Metal Phys. (2.24) | 1 | | Met. Trans. A—Phys. Mete. Mater. Sc. (1.39) | 1 | | Phil. Trans. R. Soc., London A (1.58) | 1 | | Planet. Space Sci. (2.14) | 1 | | Rep. Progr. Phys. (7.18) | 1 | | Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. (4.46) | 1 | | Space Sci. Rev. (1.74) | 1 | *Includes J. Geophys. Res., J. Geophys. Res.—Space Phys., and J. Geophys. Res.—Ocean. Atmos. small number of journals accounts for the majority of high-impact papers and citations. Ninety-one institutions were listed on the articles. In Table 5, they are shown in descending order by the number of times they appear in Table 1. Authors based at US institutions appeared on 85 papers. The UK was represented on nine papers, France on seven, and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) on six. Australia, Canada, and Switzerland account for three papers each. Denmark, Holland, Israel, Japan, and Poland contributed one paper each. Of course, many of these papers were multinational collaborations. For example, of the 85 US papers, 15 listed coauthors from Australia, Canada, France, FRG, Israel, Japan, Poland, Switzerland, and the UK. Seventy papers listed only US authors. Table 6 shows the total number of papers from each of the 12 nations represented in this study. Also shown are the number that were multinationally coauthored, and the national affiliations of the collaborators. Although these high-impact geosciences papers were from a dozen nations, every one was published in English. Seven authors in Table 1 were among the 1,000 contemporary scientists most cited from 1965 through 1978. They are: S.-I. Akasofu, E.E. Ferguson, R. Giacconi, X. Le Pichon, M.B. McElroy, N.F. Ness, and R.J. Phillips. Interestingly, Le Pichon was the only geophysicist listed in that study. The specialties of the others include aeronomy, astronomy, inorganic chemistry, and physics. More than 25 astrosciences papers are in Table 1. Most of these deal with planetary science research, the study of the components of our solar system other than the sun, including the solid, liquid, and gaseous parts of other planets. Indeed, 17 papers report results Table 5: The institutional affiliations of the authors on the list. Institutions are listed in descending order of the number of times they appear in Table 1. | Institution | Frequency | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------| | Univ. California, CA | 16 | | Los Angeles | 7 | | San Diego | 3 | | Berkeley | 2 | | Santa Barbara | 2 | | Irvine | 1 | | Los Alamos, NM | 1 | | NASA | 13 | | Goddard Space Flight Ctr., Greenbelt, MD | 11 | | Ames Res. Ctr., Moffett Field, CA | 1 | | Headquarters, Washington, DC | 1 | | California Inst. Technol., Pasadena, CA | 10 | | Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA | 10 | | Massachusetts Inst. Technol., Cambridge, MA | 7 | | US Geol. Survey | 7 | | Menlo Park, CA | 5 | | Denver, CO | 1 | | Flagstaff, AZ | 1 | | Natl. Ctr. Atmos. Res. (NCAR), Boulder, CO | 6 | | Max Planck Soc., FRG | 5 | | Inst. Astron., Kaitenburg-Lindau | 4 | | Inst. Phys., Heidelberg | 1 | | Natl. Ocean Atmos. Admin. (NOAA), Boulder, CO | 5 | | Silver Spring, MD | 3 | | Washington, DC | 1 | | Univ. Washington, Seattle, WA | 5 | | Rice Univ., Houston, TX | 4 | | Univ. Arizona, Tucson, AZ | 4 | | Univ. S. California, CA | 4 | | Los Angeles | 2 | | Tucson, AZ | 2 | | Columbia Univ., NY | 3 | | Palisades | 2 | | New York City | 1 | | Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY | 3 | | Johns Hopkins Univ., MD | 3 | | La Jolla | 2 | | Baltimore | 1 | | SRI Intl., Menlo Park, CA | 3 | | Stanford Univ., CA | 3 | | Univ. Iowa, Iowa City, IA | 3 | | Univ. Maryland, College Park, MD | 3 | | USAF, Eglin AFB, Bedford, MA | 3 | | USN Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC | 3 | | Bell Labs., Murray Hill, NJ | 2 | | CNRS, Serv. Aeronom., Verrières-le-Buisson, France | 2 | | CSIRO Div. Atmos. Phys., Victoria, Australia | 2 | | Oregon Grad. Ctr., Beaverton, OR | 2 | | Paris Observ., Meudon, France | 2 | | Regis Coll., Weston, MA | 2 | | Swiss Fed. Inst. Technol., Zurich, Switzerland | 2 | | Geophys. Inst. & Swiss Earthquake Serv. | 1 | | Solid State Phys. Lab. | 1 | | TRW Defense Space Syst. Group, Redondo Beach, CA | 2 | | Univ. Hawaii, Honolulu, HI | 2 | | Univ. Kansas, Lawrence, KA | 2 | | Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI | 2 | | Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., MA | 2 | | Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA | 2 | | Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ | 1 | | Atmos. Environ. Serv., Toronto, Canada | 1 | | Australian Natl. Univ., Canberra, Australia | 1 | | California State Univ., Northridge, CA | 1 | | Cambridge Univ., UK | 1 | | Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH | 1 | | Copernicus Astronom. Ctr., Warsaw, Poland | 1 | | CLNY, New York, NY | 1 | | Earth Planet. Environ. Phys. Res. Ctr., Issy-les-Moulineaux, France | 1 | | ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherland | 1 | | Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, MI | 1 | | Goddard Inst. Space Stud., New York, NY | 1 | | Kyoto Sangyo Univ., Kyoto, Japan | 1 | | Lockheed Palo Alto Res. Lab., CA | 1 | | Lunar Planet. Inst., Houston, TX | 1 | | Martin Marietta Aerospace, Denver, CO | 1 | | McDonnell-Douglas Corp., Redondo Beach, CA | 1 | | Meteorol. Off., Bracknell, UK | 1 | | Natl. Bur Stand., Washington, DC | 1 | | Natl. Ctr. Atmospheric Stud., Issy-les-Moulineaux, France | 1 | | Natl. Environ. Res. Council (NERC), Freshwater Biol. Asn., Ambleside, UK | 1 | | Natl. Radio Astron. Observ., Green Bank, WV | 1 | | Natl. Res. Counc., Canada, Ottawa, Canada | 1 | | New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM | 1 | | ORSTOM, Ctr. Oceanol., Brest, France | 1 | | Oxford Univ., UK | 1 | | Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA | 1 | | Polytech. Inst., New York, NY | 1 | | Radiospych, Inc., Boulder, CO | 1 | | Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA | 1 | | Royal Observ., Edinburgh, UK | 1 | | Skidaway Inst. Oceanogr., Savannah, GA | 1 | | Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC | 1 | | SUNY, Albany, NY | 1 | | Tech. Univ., Braunschweig, FRG | 1 | | Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX | 1 | | Univ. Aarhus, Denmark | 1 | | Univ. Alaska, Fairbanks, AK | 1 | | Univ. Bern, Switzerland | 1 | | Univ. Colorado, IL | 1 | | Univ. Denver, CO | 1 | | Univ. Florida, Gainesville, FL | 1 | | Univ. London, UK | 1 | | Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, MA | 1 | | Univ. Madrid, SP | 1 | | Univ. Wales, Aberystwyth, UK | 1 | | Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI | 1 | | US Environ. Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC | 1 | | Virginia Polytech. Inst. State Univ., Blacksburg, VA | 1 | | Weizmann Inst. Sci., Rehovot, Israel | 1 | | York Univ., Toronto, Canada | 1 | 1Includes Ctr. Astrophys. Space Sci. & Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA 2Includes Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys. based on observations made by the US unmanned spacecraft Voyager 1, which flew past Jupiter in March 1979, and past Saturn in November 1980. Nine of these papers were published consecutively in the April 1981 issue of Science—including Table 6: National affiliations of the authors of the 1981 geosciences papers most cited in 1981-1983, in order of the total number of papers on which each nation's authors appeared (column A). B = number of papers coauthored with scientists from other countries. C = nationalities of coauthors. | Country | A | B | C | |-----------|---|---|------------------------------------------------------------------| | US | 85| 15| Australia, Canada, France, FRG, Israel, Japan, Poland, Switzerland, UK | | UK | 9 | 4 | Israel, Poland, Switzerland, US | | France | 7 | 6 | Canada, FRG, Holland, Switzerland, US | | FRG | 6 | 5 | France, Holland, Switzerland, US | | Australia | 3 | 1 | US | | Canada | 3 | 1 | France, US | | Switzerland| 3 | 2 | France; FRG, Holland, UK, US | | Denmark | 1 | 0 | | | Holland | 1 | 1 | France, FRG, Switzerland | | Israel | 1 | 1 | Poland, UK, US | | Japan | 1 | 1 | US | | Poland | 1 | 1 | Israel, UK, US | ing three of the five most-cited papers in this study. Roughly 25 other papers fall under the category of atmospheric science. Other specialties represented include oceanography, meteorology, geochemistry, and geophysics. Five papers were cited at least 79 times each. The three papers based on *Voyager 1* data discuss various observations of Saturn and its satellite system. B.A. Smith and a team of 26 other researchers reported on the imaging science results of the *Voyager 1* mission. This paper received 136 citations—22 in 1981, 62 in 1982, and 52 in 1983. R. Hanel and colleagues discussed the orbits of Saturn’s small satellites, some of which were first discovered by *Voyager 1*. Cited 87 times, the paper picked up 13 citations in 1981, 40 in 1982, and 34 in 1983. G.L. Tyler and colleagues presented the results of radio science investigations of the Saturn system. The paper received 79 citations—11 in 1981, 32 in 1982, and 36 in 1983. The other two papers among the top five discuss the atmosphere and internal structure of the Earth itself. J.D. Horel and J.M. Wallace, University of Washington, Seattle, analyzed “Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the Southern Oscillation.” They discussed some of the effects associated with a global pattern of yearly fluctuations in sea-level air pressure, temperature, and precipitation. The paper was cited 86 times—eight times in 1981, 32 in 1982, and 46 in 1983. A.M. Dziewonski, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and D.L. Anderson, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, coauthored the paper entitled “Preliminary reference Earth model.” It sets up a computer model of the Earth’s internal structure which has numerous applications, including research on tides and the Earth’s rotation. The paper was cited 79 times, twice in 1981, 30 times in 1982, and 47 in 1983. It is interesting to note that at least two of the 99 geosciences papers are in fact directly related to the life sciences. One, by C.M. Cavanaugh, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, and colleagues, suggests the existence of, and the symbiotic relationship between, tube worms and a type of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Both species thrive at the bottom of the ocean among the lava vents lining tectonic ridges. The other, by J. Sørensen, D. Christensen, and B.B. Jørgensen, all of the Institute of Ecology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, Denmark, describes some of the environmental requirements of coastal marine bacteria that metabolize sulfates. Both papers were cited 26 times each—the former receiving seven citations in 1981, ten in 1982, and nine in 1983, while the latter, published in July 1981, was not cited at all that year, but received 15 cites in 1982 and 11 in 1983. Their relatively quick impact indicates their importance for oceanographers and others who study the ever-changing dynamics of the sea. This concludes our discussion of the 1981 earth sciences papers. Since a paper's lifetime citation expectancy can be forecasted reasonably well by its citation frequency within the first few years following its publication, it is safe to assume that most of the papers in this study will continue to be well cited in the future. Helmut A. Abt, Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Arizona, analyzed the citation histories of more than 300 astronomical papers.\textsuperscript{6} He found that the highly cited papers did not peak in citations until seven years after publication. In contrast, less frequently cited papers reached their peak after four years. In addition, the high-impact papers had a longer citation history, reaching their "half-life" after 27 years. The half-life for the less frequently cited papers was just 16 years. The composition of this list is, of course, determined by the data base used to identify the most-cited geosciences papers. Even within the relatively "narrow" scope of the earth sciences, there are small fields that produce important work. By examining the individual geoscience research fronts we identify each year, we can pinpoint creative work on specific topics. It will be interesting to see how each of these research fronts develops over the next several years. * * * * * My thanks to Stephen A. Bonaduce and Abigail W. Grissom for their help in the preparation of this essay. REFERENCES 1. Garfield E. Journal citation studies. 41. Entomology journals—what they cite and what cites them. \textit{Current Contents} (11):3-11, 12 March 1984. 2. -------------. The multidisciplinary impact of earth and computer science is reflected in the 100 most-cited articles in \textit{CompuMath Citation Index}, 1976-1980. \textit{Current Contents} (31):3-10, 30 July 1984. 3. -------------. Introducing \textit{ISI/GeoSciTech} and the \textit{GeoSciTech Citation Index}—the 50 most-active research fronts in 1981 in the earth sciences illustrate the unique retrieval capabilities of our new online and print services. \textit{Essays of an information scientist}. Philadelphia: ISI Press, 1983. Vol. 5. p. 607-14. 4. -------------. ABCs of cluster mapping. Parts 1 & 2. Most active fields in the life and physical sciences in 1978. \textit{Essays of an information scientist}. Philadelphia: ISI Press, 1981. Vol. 4. p. 634-49. 5. -------------. The 1,000 contemporary scientists most-cited 1965-1978. Part I. The basic list and introduction. \textit{Essays of an information scientist}. Philadelphia: ISI Press, 1983. Vol. 5. p. 269-78. 6. Abt H A. Long-term citation histories of astronomical papers. \textit{Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac.} 93:207-10, 1981.

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OKLAHOMA BOARD OF PRIVATE VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS DIRECTOR/AUTHORIZED ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICIAL QUALIFICATION RECORD (To Be Filed Within Thirty Days of Employment. If the Individual is being appointed as both, only one form is required.) Accompany the Form 1150CM with a completed, signed, and Notarized Form 1155CM. School/Seminar Name: Employee Name: Employment Date: Check the appropriate block(s), below, to indicate the position(s) held (or to be held) by this person and the person's specific qualifications. The requirements for qualification are addressed at OAC 565:10-11-1. DIRECTOR - The Director or Manager of the school must be familiar with educational administration and methods as well as sound business practices, including: (2) The selection of an instructional staff competent in subject matter and teaching techniques to implement the curriculum. (1) The development of a curriculum capable of preparing students for specific job entry levels. AUTHORIZED ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICIAL ("AAO") – One person must be designated as the AAO of the School. The duly designated official shall have sole authority to represent the School and act in all matters involving the School's responsibilities under the law. The AAO must be a person of good moral character and meet one or more of the following requirements. Have suitable experience as a School Administrator or as a Teacher in one or more of the major subjects offered by the school. Be a graduate of an approved college or university with a major in the general field related to the direct objectives of the school's efforts. Possess other qualifications that are considered by the OBPVS Board as being substantially equivalent. (Must be approved by the Board, and my require attendance at a Board meeting.) Education, training and licenses related to present position. Attach a copy of any license, certificate, and/or transcript of each degree listed. Transcripts may be copies, unless a sealed original is specifically requested by the OBPVS after its review of the copy initially submitted. Highlight relevant courses on the transcript copy. School Name and Address Course Total Clock/ Semester Hrs. License, Certificate or Degree Awarded I hereby appoint the above person to the position indicated on this form. The above information has been verified and is true and correct. SIGN _______________________________________ Signature of School Owner or Corporate Officer Print or Type Name of School Owner or Corporate Officer Date Print or Type Title

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Table Of Contents Table Of Contents ............................................................................................................................... 1 2-Speaker & 3-Speaker Boombox - Volume knob will rotate on its own when released. Reference Number: AA-00230Views: 9420Last Updated: 2016-02-14 13:22 Situation you may encounter: After turning on the boombox and setting the volume, the volume knob will rotate on its own when released. Recommended Action: The boombox will need to be replaced. Root Cause: Inside the volume knob, there's a small PCB with an LED. The wire attached to this PCB is wrapped around the dial internally and will push against the knob, moving it, if not installed correctly. Guide to Fixing an Auto Rotating Knob - This process is prone to damage and should only be atempted by those confident in their mechanical skills.

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MEET COHORT 7 BLACK CORPORATE BOARD READINESS FEBRUARY - APRIL 2023 BLACK CORPORATE BOARD READINESS BCBR accelerates authentic diversity in corporate governance by accompanying talented, qualified Black leaders through a structured executive education program, connecting them to networks, and building a community devoted to better business performance and racial justice. # TABLE OF CONTENTS | Section | Page | |----------------------------------------------|------| | Letter from BCBR Co-Founders | 4 | | BCBR Program Advisory Board | 5 | | Sponsors / Partners | 6 | | **BCBR COHORT 7** | | | David Albritton | 7 | | Brandy Alfred | 8 | | Leah Ashley | 9 | | Na’il Benjamin | 10 | | Cornelius Best | 11 | | André V. Chapman | 12 | | Keith Clinkscales | 13 | | Melanie Cook | 14 | | Nathan Cox | 15 | | Michael Crome | 16 | | D’Andre Davis | 17 | | Derric A. Gregory | 18 | | John Hale, III | 19 | | Darryl hawkins | 20 | | Tia Hopkins | 21 | | Ted Jackson | 22 | | Jyrl James | 23 | | Lance D. Mangum | 24 | | Joy Mbanugo | 25 | | Milton Morris | 26 | | Adrienne Mosley | 27 | | Damon Munchus | 28 | | Zeek Ojeh | 29 | | Azella Perryman | 30 | | Audra Ryan-Jones | 31 | | Nicole L. Streeter | 32 | | Kim A. Thompson | 33 | | Vanessa Vining | 34 | | Catina Wilson | 35 | Now in its third year, the Black Corporate Board Readiness (BCBR) program has quickly evolved to become a community of incredible executives and partners. BCBR is having measurable impact accelerating corporate board diversity as a powerful lever for systems-level change. The evidence that authentic board diversity leads to better performance and greater resilience for boards, organizations, organisms, and ecosystems is beyond reasonable question. By authentic board diversity, we mean that the lived experiences, wisdom, and insights of every board member inform decision-making and risk oversight. Though we bear witness to systems refractory to change, corporations derelict in fiduciary duty, and dog-whistles at diversity, our collective accompaniment of talented Black executives through seven BCBR cohorts has yielded 194 Alumni who are actively being placed on public and private corporate boards. Thank you for connecting your networks to the amazing BCBR Alumni of Cohort 7 (C7). We are deeply appreciative of our community of facilitators, mentors, advisors, partners, and sponsors who have come together to accompany talented Black executives on their board journeys, and in particular, to our Program Advisory Board. We are grateful to each and all of you for your faith, hope, and love. Together, we can build a more just, humane, and sustainable world. Dennis Lanham, MS, MBA Thane Kreiner, PhD BCBR PROGRAM ADVISORY BOARD Caretha Coleman Dir., Adviser, Exec. Coach, Community Advocate caretha-coleman-4b48151 Mark Goodman Chairman, MG Capital Holdings mark-d-goodman-24a80712 Almaz Negash Founder, Exec. Director African Diaspora Network almaznegash Desirée Stolar Sen.Dir., Management Leadership of Tomorrow desireedavisstolar Robin Washington Board Dir., Adviser, CFO robin-washington-262768 Barry Lawson Williams Retired Mg General Partner Williams Pacific Ventures barry-lawson-williams Sponsors Thank You Partners David Albritton is a results-driven C-Suite executive with more than 25 years of global business and PR/communications experience within organizations such as General Motors, AWS, ITT, Raytheon, HP, Sears and United Way. He is an Independent Director on the board of Embecta Corp. (NASDAQ: EMBC), a $1.2 billion diabetes care business, where he serves on the Nomination and Governance and Technology, Quality and Regulatory committees. David previously served as the president of General Motors Defense, where he built and led his board of managers, as well as a team of 250+ employees, while driving strong business development results by winning nearly $500 million in new government and classified customer contracts in less than two years. As a senior PR/Communications executive and International Coaching Federation (ICF)-accredited executive coach, David has been a trusted advisor to dozens of corporate and nonprofit CEOs, board members and C-Suite executives. During his career, he has led the market positioning and communications strategies for more than 15 corporate mergers, acquisitions, divestitures and restructurings. He has built a stellar reputation as the go-to specialist for go-to-market strategies, risk oversight, internal/external stakeholder engagement, reputation, change and crisis management, and team development. As a distinct benefit of his educational and career experiences, he has become an adept technologist that is very familiar with next-generation capabilities such as electric vehicles, autonomous vehicles, cybersecurity, and connected ecosystems. His vast career experiences have enabled him to launch the business advisory firm, Nineteen88 Strategies, which specializes in executive coaching, leadership development and management consulting services for corporate, government, military, nonprofit and educational organizations. David holds a Bachelor of Science in General Engineering from the U.S. Naval Academy and an M.S. in Management from the Naval Postgraduate School. He has completed executive education courses at the Wharton School of Business and participated in senior leader development programs at Harvard University and Stanford University. He completed his certified executive coaching training at Georgetown University. He is a member of the National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD) and is a graduate of Santa Clara University’s Black Corporate Board Readiness Program (BCBR). David also has a rich history in organizational governance by serving on nonprofit boards at institutions such as the Points of Light, Naval Academy Foundation Athletics and Scholarships Programs (A&SP), Arthur W. Page Society, Institute for Public Relations and the Plank Center for Leadership in Public Relations. David has received numerous awards during his career including the Plank Center “Jack Koten Corporate Mentor of the Year,” as well as being recognized by SAVOY Magazine as one of the Top 100 Most Influential Blacks in Corporate America. David is a Service-Disabled Veteran that served 10 years as an officer in the U.S. Navy. He is married with three children, three grandchildren and two dogs. He is an avid bass fisherman, self-proclaimed sports nut (football and soccer) and has thoroughly enjoyed traveling with his family in their RV through 40 of the lower 48 states. During his lifetime, he has visited 55 countries, which included 2.5 years living abroad in London, England. Brandy Alfred, PhD (candidate) is a Health Technology Executive highly skilled in governance, joint venture/partnership development and business transformation as an early adopter of ESG principles. Brandy brings 20+ years of experience growing revenue and profitability through operational transformation. She leverages her deep understanding of building sales, channel/alliance, GTM and industry strategies to outsize growth across global markets. Within the Healthcare Industry, Brandy is a growth operator, technology innovator and impact strategist with proficiency in creating and sustaining stakeholder value. Brandy's differentiated value is her ability to operationalize corporate responsibility around growth at varying stages of an organization’s maturity. Brandy has translated her skill into advisory and has demonstrated global-scale of her advisory work evident by the inaugural 2023 World Economic Forum’s Zero Health Gaps Pledge. Brandy currently advises on Data Governance, Workforce Governance, Employee Health, People Risk, Operations and hyper-scaled Revenue Generation. Brandy is actively serving on the Steering Committee for the World Economic Forum’s Global Health Equity Network. Brandy leverages her public policy expertise to govern the Network’s $100 million commitment to close health equity gaps. As a result of her efforts, Salesforce CEO, Marc Benioff, and 38 other CEOs of the world's largest brands adopted equity as an operating priority and signed the inaugural Zero Health Gaps Pledge during the January 2023 Annual Meeting in Davos. She continues to lead an effort to recruit more CEOs to sign the pledge which can increase brand favorability and open financial inclusion for ESG-driven corporate initiatives (Scope 1, 2 & 3). As Global Vice President of Innovations and Partnerships at Salesforce, Brandy oversaw the strategy of a $24.5M partner portfolio and used Salesforce’s Health and Life Science $1B+ balance sheet to manage profitable partnerships that delivered new capabilities to the $8B+ Population Health Software Market. Brandy led commercialization of new capabilities in the high-growth market (21% CAGR) after her outsized 223% YoY growth performance with her initial AMER Sales Team. Her academic contributions linking sustainability goals to health equity goals opened new TAMs for the Chief Revenue Officer that resulted in 4 new paths to market. In her current capacity as Managing Partner for NP Consulting, a boutique tech implementation firm, Brandy is leading the recruiting, hiring and engagement of the executive leadership team for the new ESG Practice. Brandy serves as a Health Policy Advisor for the Public Administrators Council for the Nelson Mandela School of Public Policy. Brandy’s a fellow of UC Berkeley’s Black Venture Institute and serves as a Limited Partner on two VC funds: Portfolio’s Rising America Fund and Capitalize VC’s Initial FinTech Fund (alongside Bank of America). She serves on the Governance Committee for Jack & Jill of America (Dallas). Leah Ashley is a change agent with two decades of experience driving global transformation across Fortune 500 and private equity backed companies. Her specialty is building and scaling direct to consumer businesses from the ground up that enhance the customer experience and provide strategic company value. **Global Transformation:** As Global Vice President of Growth Marketing for Disney Streaming, the $8B+ business that has amassed 160 million subscribers for Disney+ in three years, Ms. Ashley oversees and localizes worldwide growth operations. She sets the vision and provides strategic leadership for subscriber marketing, with a systematic approach to analytics, machine learning, data privacy and brand and reputation management. **Consumer Engagement and Machine Learning:** Previously as Vice President of Digital Marketing for DISH Network, she in-housed and modernized the customer data strategy for DISH Satellite, Sling TV, OnTech Smart Services and Boost Mobile, including integrating call-center data into an AI-driven tech stack. She has also served as a trusted C-suite thought partner leading digital transformation at Conde Nast and as an early leader at Birchbox, the pioneering subscription retailer. **Private Equity Transactions:** Ms. Ashley’s prior positions as a consultant in Bain’s Private Equity Due Diligence Group and as an investment professional at Castanea Partners honed her ability to analyze and pursue strategic and financial opportunities. She has been a trusted advisor to founder-CEOs on profitable growth strategies and completed transactions including Urban Decay Cosmetics (sold to L’Oreal) and Integrity Interactive/Software Impressions (sold to SAI Global). **Awards and Professional Affiliations:** A recipient of The Drum Award for Digital Advertising and numerous International Performance Marketing Awards, Ms. Ashley is recognized for cutting-edge digital leadership. She serves on Disney’s DE&I Executive Council and Brand Advisory Councils for Yahoo and Smartly.io. **Education and Board Service:** Ms. Ashley has an MBA from Harvard Business School, a Bachelor of Arts with honors from Harvard College, and two recognitions as a Goldman Sachs Scholar. She volunteers with Harvard University Admissions and the Rocky Mountain Harvard University Club. Additionally, Ms. Ashley is a servant leader in community programs and has served on non-profit boards supporting education initiatives for urban youth. **Expertise** - Global transformation and next-generation revenue streams - Digital Customer Engagement - Machine Learning **Sector Focus** - Media, Sports and Entertainment - Direct to Consumer - Private Equity Na’il Benjamin is an investor, entrepreneur, business executive and attorney with more than 20 years of experience leading, growing, and advising businesses. Na’il has been a trusted thought-partner to founders of start-ups and early-stage companies where he has provided legal advice regarding the protection of intellectual property, hiring needs, compensation, corporate governance, the structuring of boards of directors, licensing agreements, and other revenue-based agreements. Leadership, strategy, problem-solving, allocation of resources, accountability, and people management have been cornerstones of Na’il’s roles as an advisor and as an operator of a mid-market company. Na’il is currently the Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel for Virtual Hearing Services, Inc., and acting CEO of the U.S. business. In this capacity, Na’il has led the strategic change process as the company pivots from more than $100M in revenue from COVID testing, to its core mobile audiology business. To date, Na’il has led the executive team as the company has grown from only thousands of dollars per month in audiology revenue, to more than $100k in monthly audiology revenue. At the same time, Na’il advises the CEO regarding the company’s growth and operations in South Africa, and the development of partnerships with government-backed entities in Dubai and India. Through the years, Na’il has assisted film and media companies with growing their IP portfolios, while also growing from inception to multi-million dollar businesses. Na’il has been instrumental in curating, guiding, advising, and executing strategic international growth through partnerships and licensing agreements, as well as sales and services agreements. Na’il has consulted across numerous sectors; including food and beverage; technology; media; film; and MedTech companies. In each role Na’il has held, he has brought vision and guidance based on his experience as a trial lawyer handling securities, business, and employment litigation; corporate attorney; investor; and entrepreneur. As a former Silicon Valley litigation attorney at Orrick, Herrington, and Sutcliffe, Na’il has continued to carry forward the experiences developed by working on matters involving intellectual property disputes, SEC and securities litigation, antitrust litigation, trade secrets, and other complex commercial litigation matters for public companies like Applied Materials, Motorola, Facebook, Google, and Nvidia, as well as privately held mid-market companies. Na’il has been a Board Member for the California Association of Black Lawyers for the past five years where he has served on committees addressing pending legislation, Governor-appointed judges, judicial candidates for state and federal courts of appeal, and myriad issues impacting attorneys and the public. Na’il is currently on the Advisory Board for Stonebrae Country Club where he works closely with the General Manager and ownership regarding personnel and staffing needs; club operations; membership growth; and management of the clubhouse and golf course. Na’il is also a founding member of the Los Angeles Chapter of the Berkeley Real Estate Alumni Association focused on events and programming for UC Berkeley alumni in the real estate industry. Na’il currently owns and invests in large-scale multifamily and mixed-use real estate, and is an early-stage investor in fintech, SaaS, medical device, and med-tech companies. Cornelius L. Best is a trusted partner of and advisor to senior leadership with over 20 years of experience in orchestrating research and development efforts for small to large ($21M-15B in revenue) global biopharmaceutical firms focused on driving operational efficiency. Corey successfully manages conflict, facilitates results and leads teams within a highly matrixed environment utilizing his expertise in Strategic Operations, Risk Management, Compliance, Program and Life Cycle Management, and Organization Development. Currently, Corey leads North American Study Operations at Sobi, a global biopharmaceutical company with revenues of $1.8B dedicated to providing access to innovative treatments in the areas of hematology and immunology that transform life for people with rare diseases. A member of the North American Medical Leadership Team he leads operational execution of real-world evidence studies achieving medical excellence allowing for accelerated top and bottom-line growth of products. Corey served as a member of the DEI Advisory Council, demonstrating a commitment and passion to create a more inclusive environment that attracts top diverse talent, creates a sense of belonging and helps better serve patient communities by promoting health equity. Previously, Corey founded YCORE of North Carolina, Inc., a biopharmaceutical consulting firm that focuses on providing comprehensive, integrated drug development services. While at Otsuka Pharmaceuticals he led and managed logistics of more than 100 colleagues of various professional disciplines, cultural differences, multiple organizations and time zones to successfully complete a $60M global clinical development program for an anti-tuberculosis compound which is one of the first major multi-national clinical programs to evaluate treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Prior to this, Corey spearheaded the strategy, execution, and compliance for a $100 million program for one of Athenex’s primary assets, the first FDA approved proprietary product for the company. Corey earned a BS in Pharmaceutical Sciences and MS in Clinical Research at Campbell University. He holds an MBA (Global Executive) from the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University. In addition, he is a fellow of the Emerging Leaders in Public Health at UNC-Chapel Hill. Corey is a credentialed member of the Project Management Institute. He is a fellow of Black Venture Institute. He resides in Chapel Hill, North Carolina with his wife and two children. André V. Chapman is a purpose-driven executive, founder, and CEO with more than 30 years’ experience in private, public, and non-profit sectors, driving organizational strategy, transformation, impact, and diversified growth. He is a national ESG expert on creating sustainability as well as policies and practices that improve community wellbeing. Building his early career in high-tech, developing and leading high-performance teams with P&L responsibility, led to his business acumen and entrepreneur spirit. André founded and led The Unity Care Group Inc. through decades of strategic growth providing education, employment, housing, and mental health services to 7500+ clients annually with a budget of 20M. André established Board governance, risk management, stakeholder value, fiscal accountability, and brand impact. He is an innovator and problem solver having developed a continuum of supportive housing, spearheaded market and revenue diversification completing two acquisitions, and service expansion across California. He has grown Unity Care into a data-driven learning organization with 95% of its clients successfully transitioning to affordable housing. To focus on its core mission of Housing André spun off 75% of the agency to a strategic partner. This effort was highlighted in a case study titled “Leaning into Learning in Times of Crises” by a New York-based Edna McConnell Clark Foundation. In partnership with Stanford Alumni Consulting Team, André spearheaded the development of a 5-year strategic plan and completed his succession of hiring a new CEO to lead the agency into the future. André is a visionary leader with a keen eye for great opportunities disguised as unforeseen risk. André founded the Silicon Valley Black Leadership Kitchen Cabinet, a network of community, corporate, and government entities to address the economic and social inequalities impacting the African American Community. André recognized the radical impact of Covid-19 and launched Covid19Black, a California statewide health initiative aimed at reducing the spread of coronavirus. André created a network of 1,000+ strategic partners, from the NFL to California’s Surgeon General to decrease the transmission and strengthen the community’s overall health and well-being. The platform was then leveraged nationally. André is recognized for his stakeholder advocacy and serves on two California statewide policy boards. He is a Senior Fellow of the American Leadership Forum and a member of Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity. André holds a Bachelor of Science in Marketing from San Jose State University’s Lucas School of Business, and a Masters in Organizational Management from the University of Phoenix. André holds a Certificate of Completion, Harvard Business School, Strategic Perspectives on Non-Profit Management, and Santa Clara University’s Leavey School of Business, Black Corporate Board Readiness Program. André has received numerous awards for his decades of leadership and community involvement, including being selected as one of the Most Influential Black Leaders of Silicon Valley by San Jose Spotlight Media. André is a published author releasing his book “Roses in Concrete: Giving Foster Children the Future They Deserve”. André is a husband and proud father of 6 young adults, speaks sign language, and in his spare time loves to play golf, travel, and ski. Areas of Expertise Corporate Strategy, Succession Planning, Crisis Risk Management, Stakeholder Value, ESG Producer, entrepreneur, and media executive Keith Clinkscales — whose award winning career has impacted media and urban culture across platforms—is highly regarded as an innovator, strategist, and cultural thought leader. Through his company KTC Ventures, Clinkscales partnered with AT&T on several endeavors, including the creation and development of a content series that focuses on influential minority segments entitled “The Humanity of Connection.” Currently I am an operating partner with Fort Greene Partners (FGP), is a minority-certified business Investment platform that has been retained by both major corporations and growing minority and women-owned business enterprises including Goldman Sachs and TIAA. Continuing his work in technology and media, Clinkscales was recently appointed as the Chairman of Polaris. A streaming media platform available only on Vizio televisions through their Watchfree+ Network. Polaris aims to revolutionize content consumption across TV, digital and social platforms with premium, cross-generational content and programming that entertains, educates, inspires, and uplifts. In 2012, Clinkscales established the sports digital platform, The Shadow League, which is especially relevant with the current racial climate in America. Created while he was at ESPN, TSL has become the media destination for discussions at the intersections of sports, race, and culture. TSL was successfully sold to the DDM Media Group where Clinkscales has a board seat. Keith held several senior positions at ESPN, where he notably constructed a Content Development unit recognized for building a forum for innovation and experimentation at the sports network. During this tenure, Clinkscales earned over 60 credits as an Executive Producer of films and documentaries as one of the creators of ESPN’s critically acclaimed “30 for 30” series—a defining moment on the power of culture and storytelling in sports. During this time, he also earned an Emmy nomination and two Peabody awards. In 2013, Sean “P. Diddy” Combs appointed Clinkscales as Chief Executive Officer of REVOLT Media & TV. With Clinkscales at the helm, REVOLT ushered in the third-largest independent network launch in cable television history. Over his impactful three years with the network, Clinkscales conceptualized and executed tentpole events such as the REVOLT Music Conference, where the music industry's most influential figures networked, learned, and discovered emerging talent. Earlier in his career, Clinkscales worked alongside the legendary Quincy Jones to launch VIBE magazine, a premier publication for hip-hop/R&B music, fashion, and entertainment news. Clinkscales served as CEO of the publication and established its successful digital presence, VIBE.com. Clinkscales is a proud member of the Producers Guild of America. He earned an MBA from Harvard Business School, where he received the “Professional Achievement Award” from the business school’s African American Alumni Association. Clinkscales is also a Magna Cum Laude graduate of Florida A&M University, where he earned a BS in Accounting and Finance and currently serves on the school’s Foundation Board. **Board Appointments** - Florida A&M University Foundation - Board Chairman Polaris Universe - Board Member, DDM Medial Group - Board Member CourMed **Past Board Directors** - Pepsi African-American Advisory Board Apollo Theatre Foundation **Expertise** - Technology, Media, Communications, Marketing, Strategy, Media Operations, M&A, Digital Transformation, Social Impact expert Melanie Cook is a seasoned BD executive, corporate attorney, and management consultant with over 20 years of experience in the government and corporate sectors. Her entrepreneurial lens has enabled her to assist companies in starting and scaling. She is the CEO of Veritas Management Group, a management consulting firm focused on helping customers solve foundational problems, including access to capital, expanding into new markets, creating and maintaining key customer relationships, and improving efficiencies through technology. Melanie began her career as an attorney with the Securities Exchange Commission, focusing on investment advisory and investment integrity. She left the SEC to serve as a Sr. Policy Advisor at the Department of Commerce. She advised the Secretary of Commerce and the Under Secretary for Technology on policies to strengthen small business participation in government contracting and access to capital and opportunities. Her work at the Commerce Department led to a consultancy with a Wall Street investment bank, where she assisted the firm in raising funds to create a fund focused on funding minority-owned IT firms. These efforts qualified Melanie to become a Sr. Consultant to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention focused on procurement policy efficiencies. In her current role, she is VMG’s visionary and is responsible for providing strategic and operational leadership to VMG while driving company growth. Her Board service includes serving on the Board of Directors for the National Black MBA Association, Atlanta Chapter, and formerly serving as the Chairperson of the Fulton County Landbank Authority. Melanie co-authored Business Success Secrets, an honest, raw, and real look at some of the best-kept entrepreneurial secrets. Business Success Secrets is a best seller on the Wall Street Journal and USA Today’s Best Seller lists. Melanie holds a J.D. from Harvard Law School and a B.A. from Spelman College. Nathan Cox is a successful business leader with over 30 years of experience in the financial services industry. Nathan has held Executive/Senior Leader positions for Publicly Traded companies (Fortune 500 Banks), Privately Held (Foreign-Owned Banks) and Federally Chartered Institutions (Regional Credit Unions). As an Executive with sophisticated financial expertise, Nathan has provided enterprise governance and policy guidance in the areas of audit, compliance, credit and risk management. Nathan led a $3B loan portfolio at Travis Credit Union that included Consumer, Commercial and Real Estate loans and had had double-digit growth. His efforts in Operating Policy, Risk Management and Strategic Planning resulted in a positive reputation with Auditors, Examiners and Regulators. He also has a breadth of experience in risk management across several key business lines and credit products. Nathan was the Executive Sponsor for the Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) at Travis Credit Union, where he successfully designed, implemented and executed the DEI Strategy, where a key success was a 12% YOY increase in minority suppliers in the first year of the strategy. While at U.S. Bank, Nathan led a Regional Office and Cross Functional Business Teams that successfully collaborated towards achieving budget goals and project management objectives. Nathan has an MBA (Corporate Finance) from Golden Gate University and a BBA (Emphasis in Marketing) from Loyola Marymount University. While at Loyola Marymount University, Nathan was a Member of the Men’s Basketball Team (Walk-On Student Athlete). Nathan was also an Adjunct Lecturer at Golden Gate University as well, teaching courses in both the Graduate and Undergraduate programs. Nathan has also completed Executive Education for Corporate Board Readiness from Santa Clara University. Nathan served on the Board of Directors for Goodwill Industries (Sacramento and Northern Nevada), serving as Board Chair, Board Vice Chair and Audit Committee Chair. Currently, Nathan serves on the Board of Directors for California Medical Scholars Program, a California-based Non Profit whose focus is to increase the number of minority doctors who originate their education in the community college system. Nathan is an avid cook who enjoys pairing great food and wine. He is also an avid golfer who enjoys travel. Summary of Board Qualifications/Skills - Over 30 years of sophisticated financial expertise. - Last 15 years as Executive/Senior Leader. - Board Relevant Skills: Audit, Finance, DEI and Strategic Planning. - Depth of experience Small Business and Middle Market B2B Product Sales. Michael Crome is an experienced board member/leader and a C-Suite Executive. As a SEC qualified financial expert with deep corporate finance, information technology and operations expertise, Crome has worked in numerous stages of corporate lifecycles including start-ups, private equity, and large, private, and publicly traded enterprises. A former Board Chairman, board roles have included charge of audit and nominating/governance committees. Professionally, Michael has founded several startups and notably participated as a Founding Partner in a private equity firm. Currently serving as the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for the Las Vegas Raiders and Allegiant Stadium, a multi-billion-dollar enterprise, Crome leads the strategy and operations in finance, information technology, retail, and facilities. He has guided organizations through complex restructurings, acquisitions, corporate development activities and capital transactions totaling over $35 billion. He is a member of the senior leadership team and led the successful integration into the Las Vegas market, with double digit margin improvement and resulting in recognition as the #1 revenue grossing stadium in the world in 2022. Additionally, he leads the retail operations of the 2nd best-selling NFL team in merchandising. Under Crome’s leadership, the company’s revenue soared from the bottom to top quartile amongst NFL franchises. Finally, dedicated to the employees who make the Las Vegas Raiders the premier franchise that it is, he also is the Executive Sponsor of the Raiders African American Employee Resource Group, B.A.S.E.D. Crome received his B.S. in Accounting from The University of Akron and his M.B.A. from The University of Virginia Darden School of Business. Crome is an active volunteer in both non-profit and civic organizations serving as: a governor appointed member of both the State of Nevada Economic Forum and the Oversight Panel for Convention Facilities; a member of the Board of Directors for the Las Vegas Chamber of Commerce and Communities in Schools of Nevada; and a member of the University of Akron Foundation Board. Formerly, Crome served as Chairman of the Board for Junior Achievement of Southern Nevada and is currently serving as the Chairman of the organization’s $30M capital campaign. Crome was recently recognized as a C-Suite honoree by Vegas Inc which acknowledges top senior executives who work to inspire their teams, drive success in business and serve as stewards in the community. Crome is an avid distance runner. In 2019, Michael completed the World Marathon Challenge, an adventure that saw Michael run seven marathons on all seven continents over seven consecutive days. Michael and his wife, Chaka Crome, Esq. reside in Las Vegas, Nevada with their daughter Brie, 15. **Board Assets** - Board Chairman - Strategy/Strategic Planning - Regulatory and Compliance - Corporate Finance - Executive Succession Planning - Mergers and Acquisitions **Board Experience** - Chairman, Junior Achievement of Las Vegas Forum - Board Member, State of Nevada Economic Forum - Board Member, Vegas Chamber of Commerce - Board Member, University of Akron Foundation - Board Member, Communities in Schools of Nevada - Board of Advisors, Goodwrx **Education and Training** - MBA, University of Virginia, Darden School of Business - BS Accounting, The University of Akron - MBA Exchange Student, Indian School of Business **Professional Experience** - Las Vegas Raiders/Allegiant Stadium - Caesars Entertainment - Pinnacle Entertainment D’Andre Davis is a senior finance and operations executive who brings a diverse perspective to the boardroom combining over 25 years of deep financial expertise, corporate strategy, restructuring and turnarounds, corporate development, and governance to offer thoughtful questions, insights and knowledge networks that help drive robust decision making. Having served in executive and advisory roles in public, private and family-owned businesses, he calls upon a wide variety of experiences from the board room to the boiler room, which facilitate his effective collaboration and engagement with fellow board members and management teams. He has built a career running toward challenge instead of away from it. D’Andre currently leads M&A efforts for his client and Sun Capital Portfolio company, Architectural Surfaces, a $350 million importer and distributor of globally sourced natural stone, engineered quartz and tile. He has sourced, negotiated, structured, and closed 6 immediately accretive acquisitions for 7 companies in the company’s first 14 months of ownership by Sun Capital. Notably, D’Andre sourced one of those companies for its proprietary and patented intellectual property, which enables the buyer to accelerate a digital transformation strategy that defensibly differentiates it from competitors. While with a predecessor entity, Select Interior Concepts (Nasdaq: SIC), D’Andre served as head of Corporate Strategy and M&A; Head of Supply Chain and Operations; and Head of Global Procurement during the Covid-19 pandemic, where he sourced, negotiated, structured and closed 4 more acquisitions in addition to overseeing a third-party consulting firm who identified $6mm annualized cost reduction program that were implemented from a $350 million procurement spend. As additional operational highlights, he reduced inventory by $9mm (9%) by managing global purchasing and implementing a new demand management software logic that better matched supply with demand. Illustrating his negotiation skills, Mr. Davis saved $10mm (20%) in purchase price for an add-on acquisition by anchoring the seller on after-tax proceeds as the buyer uncovered in due diligence an issue necessitating a conversion from an asset to stock purchase. D’Andre has served as interim CFO of a $110 million financially distressed auto parts distributor in default with its senior secured lender where he led the successful refinancing with a new lender whose credit facility provided additional liquidity for the company to effectuate a turnaround from negative to positive EBITDA. As interim operations lead, he transformed a historic cemetery under siege from the plaintiffs and local Chicago media while in Chapter 11 Bankruptcy during a mayoral election campaign year into a renovated and well-running cemetery that resulted in the successful sale to a strategic buyer. He has also provided fairness opinion advisory to the Board of $600 million family-owned convenience store chain. While at Huron (Nasdaq:HURN), D’Andre co-led a Program Management Office for the spin-off of the $1.5 billion Herc Rentals equipment rental business from $10 billion Hertz Rent-A-Car as a result of an activist investor’s demands. He stood up corporate functions and assisted in the hiring of key executive leadership and administered the knowledge transfer process between the two entities and each key corporate function. Mr. Davis currently serves on the board of the Atlanta Chapter of the Turnaround Management Association (TMA). His board service there includes roles on the sponsorship, nominating and governance, and private equity panel committees. In addition, he has served on the board of 21st Century Leaders, an Atlanta-based non-profit organization, where he led the strategic planning committee in strategy formulation. D’Andre earned a Certificate in Private Company Governance from the Private Directors Association as well as a Certificate in Black Corporate Board Readiness from the Leavey School of Business at Santa Clara University. He began his career as an engineer at Ford Motor Company, and later held key positions at Citigroup’s Corporate and Investment Bank and Intercontinental Hotels Group’s North American Investment Analysis Group. He holds an MBA from the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania and a BS in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Michigan. He is a member of the Turnaround Management Association, the Association of Insolvency and Restructuring Advisors, and the American Bankruptcy Institute. He holds as both a Certified Turnaround Professional and Certified Insolvency and Restructuring Advisor. Derric A. Gregory is an innovative financial and risk management senior executive with over twenty years of experience as Head of Audit overseeing internal controls design, SOX, regulatory compliance, corporate governance, accounting and advisory services in public and private sectors. Derric’s elevating factors leverage his qualified financial expertise and transformational operational experience across diverse, complex, regulated industries, including healthcare, manufacturing, financial services, and government. He has robust audit committee exposure and a proven track record of mitigating risks that could result in financial statement qualification (material weakness) while achieving strategic business objectives. As Founder and CEO of The Bridge Builder Group, Derric enables under-represented early-stage innovators in collaborating to foster B2B relationships that expedite pathways to capital formation, strategic investment, and acquisition. Derric has served in executive audit and accounting leadership roles for a variety of high-profile companies. CareFirst, Inc. (BlueCross BlueShield), Kaiser Permanente, BlueCross BlueShield of North Carolina (BCBSNC), GraceKennedy Ltd., Lowe’s, and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania have benefitted from his ability to provide sound judgment and appropriate regulatory guidance. As Chief Audit Executive, he led CareFirst Inc., BCBSNC, and GraceKennedy, Ltd increasing internal brand presence and audit productivity by over 30%, achieving the highest quality assurance designation from the Institute of Internal Auditors. He is a trusted resource to audit committees providing an independent assessment of corporate operational, financial, IT / cybersecurity, and enterprise risk mitigation efforts. Derric’s career is marked by his ability to identify, develop and promote talent. He has led corporate mentoring efforts, inspired team members, and directed corporate diversity initiatives. His board service included Meharry Medical College serving as Vice Chair of the Audit Committee, the National Association of Black Accountants (NABA), the Foundation Board of North Carolina Central University, and the inaugural Board of Visitors for North Carolina A&T State University. He has served as a member of the Corporate Board Initiative Committee of the Executive Leadership Council, earned his Director Certification designation through the National Association of Corporate Directors, and is currently enrolled in Santa Clara University’s Black Corporate Board Readiness program (Cohort 7). Derric is a Lifetime Member of the NABA, its National Outstanding Member in 2005, and a recipient of its Walking the Road Less Travelled award as the author of the book, Life in the Key of G. Derric is currently an Associate Minister with the New Psalmist Baptist Church. He is a Summa Cum Laude graduate in Accounting from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University and resides in Baltimore, Maryland, and in Durham, North Carolina. Qualified Financial Expert | Board Certified | Audit Committee Expertise | Enterprise Risk Management | ESG | Sarbanes Oxley | Business Process Transformation | IT and Cybersecurity | Regulatory Compliance | M&A Due Diligence | Business Process Reengineering John Hale, III is a consensus builder and results driven finance and operations C-Suite executive focused on turnaround, growth, and sustainability of companies with geographically dispersed operations in the industrial, energy, government contracting and consumer sectors. A 30-year executive leader and trusted advisor in the private and public sectors, Hale previously held the national security “Q” Top Secret/Restricted Data and Special Nuclear Material clearance. Hale was appointed by the President of the United States to two federal government senior executive positions. First, at the U.S. Small Business Administration, Hale developed and led strategies that generated 61,689 loan approvals totaling $30 billion of project financing. Second, at the U.S. Energy Department, Hale designed and implemented strategies to improve the Department’s small business grade from “F” grades to three consecutive “A” grades, resulting in $1.2 billion of prime small business contracts and the Department’s conversion of over $500 million of contract awards from large to small businesses. In recognition of this result, Hale received the U.S. Department of Energy Secretary's Meritorious Service Award. Hale serves as Chair of the Board of Directors of FSC First, the Next Energy Board of Directors, the Fulton Bank (NASDAQ: FULT) Greater Washington DC Advisory Board and the Private Directors Association’s Board of Directors. He also earned the Private Directors Association’s Certificate of Private Company Governance. Hale earned a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from the University of Michigan and a Master of Science in Finance from the Heinz School of Public Policy and Management at Carnegie Mellon University. Hale’s leadership has been recognized over the years, most recently receiving the FSC First Strategic Partner Award and the Maryland Black Chamber of Commerce Champion for Change Award. Darryl Hawkins has over 20 years’ experience ground-breaking new technologies and leading growth and transformation for several of the largest iconic telecom companies in the world. He is a veteran of the United States Marine Corp (Top Secret Clearance). He is a documented expert in developing and operationalizing strategic networks and customer service improvement procedures across the US, turning around organizations in crisis. Darryl is an operator, leading multi-billion-dollar P&L’s and has driven growth through innovation, shareholder value and expansion into new markets. Darryl serves as Senior Vice President of Engineering for T-Mobile, the world’s largest ($178B market cap) telecommunications company (75K employees). He oversees 5G Solution and Service Readiness and leads the West Division’s multi-billion-dollar 5G network build and operations portfolio. He spearheaded the company’s workforce evolution strategy, leveraging increased levels of digitalization, analytics, and AI/ML to drive scalability and increase the bottom line. His philosophy centers on digitizing the understanding of operational excellence through lean principles, broad-based application of AI/ML. He successfully executes emerging technology deployments of innovative programs; 5G, fiber optic, RAN, digital transformation. Darryl serves as the Executive Sponsor of the Veteran’s ERG for the company. Darryl served as Vice President of Operations of Comcast/NBC Universal’s California region, the nation’s largest broadband provider. He led the strategy for increasing customer experience (NPS 65+) by starting, building and repositioning organizations. During his tenure he was able to improve productivity by 37% YOY and network reliability by 28% through the implementation of Lean and Six Sigma principles (DMAIC). As the senior leader for CA/AZ, he successfully cultivated strategic relationships with state, county, local leaders including Governors, Senators, and Mayors to align services and expansion with community priorities. At Verizon, Darryl was in operations, sales (B2B/Consumer), Network Transformation, Engineering, 4/5G Network Planning, Optimization, Managed Services, Customer Perception Optimization, and End 2 End 5G Solution, etc. He has led a multi-billion-dollar nationwide fiber (FiOS) deployment. He created the first framework for the new industry go to market plan, delivering 30%+ growth which led to being presented with the Verizon Excellence Award. He is on the board of the North Bay Leadership Council supporting Northern California. He previously served as a board member for the United Way Southern Arizona, BBBS Arizona, The University of Arizona Foundation and Bucks County Workforce Investment Council. He was an adjunct professor for Pima College and The University of Arizona Global Campus. Darryl holds an MBA from Indiana Wesleyan University and graduated Magna Cum Laude from University of the District of Columbia with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration (Law). He has also completed a three-year DBA program from Walden (ABD). He is certified in Lean Six Sigma from Villanova University. He has two adult children and makes his home in the San Francisco Bay area. Tia Hopkins is an innovative, business outcome-driven IT and cybersecurity executive with over 20 years of experience as a consultant, strategist, and C-suite advisor. She is a corporate athlete with direct experience in sales, marketing, product, professional services, and service delivery. She designs and informs strategies for high-growth, disruptive cybersecurity startups and advises C-level executives on aligning cybersecurity and technology strategies with business outcomes. Tia’s unique ability to simplify complex concepts and strategically align business priorities with technology and services capabilities played a vital role in eSentire Inc.’s $325 million capital raise and the achievement of a valuation of over $1 billion in 2022. She is currently a P&L leader in her dual c-suite roles as Chief Cyber Resilience Officer and Field Chief Technology Officer and is building, leading, and maturing the organization’s cyber resilience practice while working across the enterprise with executive leadership to ensure strategic alignment. She is a key decision-maker in matters regarding intellectual property development and the continued growth and adoption of eSentire’s Atlas XDR SaaS platform. Tia is effective at leveraging the intersection of people, processes, and technology to design innovative strategies for driving product and service differentiation in the market. Tia is extremely passionate about giving back to the community. She is an adjunct professor of cybersecurity, a published author, and a LinkedIn Learning instructor. She is a non-profit founder and a women’s tackle football coach. Tia is known for her influence and thought leadership in the cybersecurity industry. She was recognized by SC Media as an outstanding educator in 2019 for her commitment to preparing the next generation of cybersecurity and technology leaders to make a meaningful contribution to the field. She was recognized as one of The Software Report’s Top 25 Women Leaders in Cybersecurity and Cyber Defense Magazine’s Top 100 Women in Cybersecurity: both in 2020. In 2021, Tia was recognized as a Top Influencer in the Security Executives category by IFSEC Global and was most recently recognized by Dark Reading as #1 on the list of ‘8 More Women in Security You May Not Know but Should’ in 2022. Tia holds several industry certifications including the CISSP, CISM, and GSLC in addition to a BS in Information Technology, MS in Information Security and Assurance, MS in Cybersecurity and Information Assurance. She is pursuing an Executive MBA and a Ph.D. in Cybersecurity Leadership, basing her research on effective approaches to bridging the communication gap that exists between technology leaders and board directors. **Strategy** - Go-to-market (sales and marketing) - Product and Service Differentiation - Value Creation - Organizational Design - Business Transformation - M&A Due Diligence **Cybersecurity** - C-suite Advisor - Thought Leader - Influencer - Change Agent **Focus and Interests** - **Industry:** Technology, Cybersecurity - **Type:** Public and PE/VC funded companies - **Size:** Mid- to large-size companies, Mid- to late-stage startups Ted Jackson • Board Director and Senior Executive that has developed and led rapid scale, P&L ownership, value creation and exit strategies for privately held, start up and private equity owned companies over 25+ year career. • Extensive leadership in EBITDA performance improvement programs to achieve revenue, margin growth, cash flow and shareholder value through a variety of pricing, sales strategy, working capital, supply chain, manufacturing productivity and merger integration programs in the US, Canada, Mexico, Europe and Asia. • Transformational leader that has a track record of implementing strategic solutions to operationally complex situations requiring cross functional team building, organizational leadership, change management and data driven execution. Professional Summary • Board Member Coregistics – Monitoring the EBITDA value creation strategy, policy creation and coaching the executive leadership team. • Advisory Board Member Hill & Markes – Served as a trusted advisor to the CEO, reviewed EBITDA and working capital improvement program, approved annual budgets, provided M&A perspectives and strategic planning frameworks supporting company sale strategies. • Board Member Binkable – Supported the CEO and Corporate Board on capital raise, product launch, operational scale up and exit strategies. • Novolex - Executive Vice President of Food and Delivery Operations of Novolex a private equity backed flexible packaging company of Apollo Capital. Leads the P&L operations of a $3B+ division (4000 employees) including the Duro Bag, Bagcraft, Burrows, Delux & Hilex business units with over 30 domestic and international factories. Created shareholder value (3X sales, 5X EBITDA) through driving strategic business transformation programs focused on profitable sales growth initiatives, margin enhancement, operational efficiency / cost reduction and strategic acquisitions. Conducted strategic due diligence, developed and implemented post-merger integration plans for over 7 Novolex acquisitions. Prior Novolex leadership roles included promotions to Senior Vice President of Paper Operations and Vice President of Operations for the Duro Bag division and Novolex Environmental Health and Safety team leadership. Participated successful Private Equity investment exit transitions between Windpoint Partners, Carlyle & Apollo Capital. • AlixPartners LLP - Led client Executive leadership teams and corporate Boards to develop and implement winning operational strategies and step-change improvements in operational and financial performance. Worked across a variety of industrial and consumer product-oriented companies while co-leading the AlixPartners Operations and Consumer Products industry practices. Engaged clients through a combination of hands-on advisory and interim leadership team positions. Delivered impact for healthy and underperforming companies in addition to chapter 11 turnaround situations in EBITDA margin, working capital and operational improvements. Advanced through Director and Vice President promotions. • Early Career - Held progressive leadership positions with IBM, SAP and Motorola. Education/Awards/Notable Mentions • Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Executive education program in Supply Chain Management • Purdue University – MBA Operations Management and Marketing • Clark Atlanta University - BS in Physics / Engineering • Awards: Kentucky Association of Manufacturers – Novolex Duro Bag Large Company of the Year; M&A Advisor Industrial Turnaround of the Year Awards - Solo Cup and the Consolidated Container Company; AlixPartners - Achievement in Excellence Award • Published Articles and Industry Panels: Forbes, Contract Packaging Magazine, AlixPartners, Industrial Exchange, Capital Roundtable During her 30-year legal career Jyrl James served as strategic leader in legal and business roles. She has been a key participant in company acquisitions and development of infrastructures for both legal and human resources functions. Ms. James has been instrumental in successfully guiding companies through business expansions and business crisis, including chemical explosion with multiple fatalities, SEC investigation and labor strife. The legal function, as she views it, is a part of doing business not an adjacent function. During the course of her career, she led and developed professional staff and executives in the North American countries and England. Her governance experience includes presenting to a board and ensuring preparation committee and board documents. Ms. James was the first in-house attorney for Adecco, SA’s largest subsidiary. As Senior Vice President and General Counsel for North America, Ms. James was a member of key management of Adecco, In. and its North American subsidiaries, the then 4.5-billion-dollar billion enterprise of Adecco SA, then the world’s largest staffing services solutions and talent development. As part of the executive management team for Adecco NA, Ms. James was a critical participant in setting the direction of the company, providing legal advice, and managing a wide range of legal activities through a team of 30 in-house attorneys in 3 countries and numerous outside counsels. She served as corporate secretary. She held a government security clearance. Ms. James served as vice president of human resources and general counsel at the Akron Beacon-Journal. Previous to that, she was an attorney specializing in employment/labor/benefits law at the Atlantic Richfield Company and at private law firms. She also served as chairperson of the California Agricultural Labor Relations Board. Ms. James is passionate about the value of people in any organization and the differential value committed employees provide companies. She espouses the responsibility of corporations to be good civic and social citizens. Ms. James holds a degree in business and labor relations from Illinois Institute of Technology and a law degree from DePaul University Law School. Lance D. Mangum is a strategic and accomplished C-suite partner, advising executive management and the board of directors of global iconic brands operating in dynamic and complex political, legislative, and regulatory risk environments. His policy expertise has driven positive commercial and P&L results in the aviation, cargo logistics, e-commerce, manufacturing, and financial services sectors. For 20 years, Lance has been at the epicenter of advising consumer-facing companies to identify and mitigate operational, corporate tax, global trade facilitation, supply chain disruption, ESG, and reputational risks, balancing the interests of stakeholders and regulators. As a global executive, he engages policymakers and industry thought leaders on critical business issues at forums and bilateral meetings throughout North America, China, France, Denmark, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Lance is a Corporate Officer and Staff Vice President for Government Affairs at FedEx Corporation, a Fortune 50 company, creating strategic policy and geopolitical engagement plans and regularly interacting with FedEx Executive Management as well as the Board of Directors and its Governance, Safety, and Public Policy Committee. Lance has been named a “Top Lobbyist” by The Hill newspaper annually. He has successfully navigated the national political and policy landscape, developing strategies to achieve FedEx’s fiscal planning, international trade, infrastructure investment, human capital, and sustainability objectives, saving the company over $8 Billion in federal tax liabilities and operational costs since 2010. Lance managed government affairs at Capital One Financial Corporation, a Fortune 150 company, where he shaped issues related to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and advised the company in the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) as a part of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act. He developed tactical stakeholder engagement campaigns in response to the company’s closure of a mortgage services division and for the acquisition of a regional banking company during the 2008 global financial crisis. His Board of Directors service includes the Franklin Center for Global Policy Exchange and the U.S. Congressional Award Foundation, where he also serves as a member of the Audit Committee. He gained additional governance expertise by achieving Directorship Certification from the National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD), completing the Black Corporate Board Readiness (BCBR) program at Santa Clara University, and as a member of the Private Directors Association (PDA). Lance received his B.A. in Political Science from North Carolina State University, an M.A. in Political Management from The George Washington University, and a Certificate in Organizational Inclusion and Diversity from Michigan State University. He resides in Washington, D.C. and enjoys traveling, music, studying history, and “social” golf. Joy Mbanugo is skilled in advising executive management on the financial implications of business activities and generating recommendations to enhance performance and opportunities. Advanced expertise in spearheading financial transformation, streamlining systems integration, improving processes, enhancing productivity, and implementing technology solutions. Proficient in delivering financial modeling support and leadership to public companies and startups. She is well suited to sit on an Audit committee for public and private companies. She is driven to assist startups in constructing finance teams, systems, and talent management. She analyzed deals worth between $25MM and $1B related to Google Cloud Partnerships and Industry Solutions. She developed a process to provide monthly financial results to the Cloud Partnership and Industry Solutions teams and monitored revenue growth of up to $1.5B annually. She also designed and implemented a cash management system for Alphabet Treasury, transforming intercompany transactions and funneling over $100B in assets. Additionally, she engineered the Tax and Intercompany workstreams for the largest U.S. ERP conversion from Oracle to SAP. Joy managed a team of 80+ contractors and 40+ staff and orchestrated investment and risk management strategies to influence business decisions. She also served on the CEO Economic Empowerment Committee and acted as a Volunteer Finance Advisor with Google for Startups. Furthermore, she led two employee resource groups, Women in Finance and Blacks in Finance, and provided mentorship for Google Finance. Lastly, she oversaw tax transformation and requirements delivery across 83 countries for Corporate Income, Consumption, Withholding, and Property Tax. She spearheaded taxation of securities lending at BlackRock, a company with $3T assets on loan. She also negotiated tax language in client investment management agreements. In Ernst and Young, She implemented the U.S. Hire Act (FATCA), analyzed proposed U.S. tax reform, and initiated other regulatory matters. She also evaluated cross-border transactions and derivatives and worked in London on cross-border transactions for three years. She was also the Volunteer Chief Financial Officer for Paladin.org, a nonprofit that helps underserved founders establish structure in their pre-seed ventures. Additionally, she was an Advisor on the Finance Committee for the Northern California Chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union and managed a portfolio of over $30 million. She is an experienced professional with expertise in various industries, including banking, asset management, insurance, fintech, cryptocurrency, technology, advertising, fashion, and nonprofit board. She is well-versed in the nuances of each industry and is able to bring her knowledge and skills to any project. She has an impressive educational background, having obtained a Juris Doctorate from Cleveland-Marshall College of Law in Cleveland, OH, a Masters of Accountancy from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, OH, a Bachelor of Arts in Black World Studies from Miami University-Oxford in Oxford, OH, a Bachelor of Science in Accountancy from Miami University-Oxford in Oxford, OH, and also has a Certificate of International Studies from the Institute of Business in Moscow, Russia. Dr. Milton Morris is a tech-savvy Independent Director for both public and private companies as well as a former Chairman and CEO. Dr. Morris has over 30 years of operating and oversight experience within large and small cap companies and is nationally recognized for his leadership in successful commercialization of high-tech medical devices. Dr. Morris has a successful track record of leading turnarounds, building high performing teams and growing value in highly regulated global markets. Dr. Morris currently serves on public and private boards with broad committee assignment experience. Operational Leadership and MedTech Turnaround Expertise: As its former Chairman and CEO, Dr. Morris restarted a failed Neuspera Medical, Inc. — creating and executing a new business plan, successfully raising $120m of capital across 4 financings and growing its value over 400x. During his 7-year tenure, Neuspera achieved FDA approval to commercialize its neuromodulation system for use in Peripheral Pain that is estimated to impact over 500m people worldwide and an FDA approval to complete its pivotal trial for Urge Urinary Incontinence, impacting ~7% of the adult population. Prior to Neuspera, Dr. Morris was hired by Cyberonics (now LivaNova, Inc.) to establish and build an R&D organization and product pipeline to support the company’s turnaround. Under his leadership, the newly created R&D team finalized a product and technology roadmap and delivered multiple first of their kind products in the core Epilepsy business, plus an expansion into an adjacent Heart Failure market — 64m people world wide. During Dr. Morris’ tenure, Cyberonics experienced an ~4x growth in market capitalization, in part, due to the revenues driven by new products that accounted for ~20% of total revenue mix within 1 year of release and the anticipation of other products in the pipeline. In his last role with Boston Scientific, Dr. Morris was the Franchise Owner of the Arrhythmia business managing the full product lifecycle of the global ~$1.56b implantable Pacemaker and Defibrillator businesses. Governance: As its Chair and CEO, Dr. Morris grew and Chaired the 6 member (4 observer) board of directors and 5 member executive leadership team at Neuspera Medical. Dr. Morris governed successfully through 4 financings, annual external auditing processes, COVID-19 crisis management, and a performance-based compensation strategy that helped to drive results that grew value over 400x. Dr. Morris currently serves on the boards of Nordson Corp. (NASDAQ: NDSN), Myomo, Inc. (NYSE: MYO), embecta Corp. (NASDAQ: EMBC) and Northwestern University. His committee assignments span Governance and Sustainability (Nom/Gov/ESG), Compensation, Audit and Technology (R&D/Quality/Regulatory). Doctor Morris resides in Houston Texas with wife Renee where he enjoys playing golf and watching his 4 kids play music and competitive sports. **Education** - Northwestern University - B.S. Electrical Engineering - University of Michigan - M.S. Electrical Engineering - Ph.D. Electrical Engineering - Northwestern University - MBA **Certification** - NACD.DC **Honors and Awards** - Distinguished Alumni Medalist: Northwestern University - Fellow: American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) - Fellow: National Institutes of Health Adrienne Mosley is an experienced business executive and brand protector with 23 years as a trusted advisor in highly regulated companies, providing strategic direction for business and community growth. Adrienne applies her Legal expertise and strategy capabilities to remove challenges and meet business goals. She has advised accomplished C-Suite executives in large, global matrix organizations to amplify and defend iconic brands, and she has contributed to business strategy and implementation, with her impact spanning enterprise risk management, transformation, business operations, cybersecurity, and matters of ESG. Known for delivering on tough business challenges, Adrienne is a committed and empathetic leader who brings integrity and a collaborative approach to Board service, with a growth and compliance mindset that values consumer and community centrality. Adrienne is Deputy General Counsel for PepsiCo, Inc.’s $23B snacks division, PepsiCo Foods North America, with a food portfolio of chips, dips, convenience foods, and breakfast foods including powerhouse brands Doritos, Lay’s, Cheetos, and Quaker. Supporting a scope of 30+ manufacturing facilities across the U.S. and Canada, more than 200 distribution centers and service of 315,000 retail customers per week through a direct-store-delivery model, Adrienne extends strong business acumen to ensure the delight of the company’s shareholders, retailers, consumers, and employees. She demonstrates a “can-do” approach as she advances strategies in pricing, go-to-market approaches, consumer-centric marketing campaigns, and the effective harnessing of data and analytics to secure a competitive advantage. She also leads risk mitigation strategies as chief counsel for litigation, scientific affairs, and regulatory issues. Her questions and curiosity add prospective insights to mitigate risk and build a thriving corporate reputation. Adrienne served as VP and Global Chief Counsel - IT, Cybersecurity, and Privacy for PepsiCo, guiding its leaders on the cybersecurity program and digital transformation strategy across PepsiCo’s international divisions; spearheaded PepsiCo’s U.S. privacy compliance strategy, governance model, and policies; integrated critical acquisitions of leading brands, BFY Brands/PopCorners and Bare Foods Co. to grow market share in the macrosnacks category and drive significant growth in PepsiCo’s healthier snacks portfolio; led the transactions team in brand advancement and innovation for the launch of Doritos Locos Tacos in partnership with Taco Bell; guided business teams through trade-off decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic; developed and implemented the first-of-its-kind – PepsiCo online antitrust compliance training, leveraged across PepsiCo’s North America Food and Beverage businesses; and developed a governance and compensation process for compliance with wage and hour regulations. One of her greatest points of pride is her leadership in the creation of PepsiCo’s Larry D. Thompson Fellowship for minority law students to get business experience. Adrienne’s varied contributions are a testament to her ability to inspire trust, learn, and drive positive results. Recently, Adrienne was awarded Outstanding Corporate Counsel by the Association of Corporate Counsel and Texas Law Book. She was named to the list of Diversity First’s Top 100 Women in Business, recognized on the National Diversity and Leadership’s Top 50 General Counsel list, and featured on Savoy Magazine’s Most Influential Women in Corporate America list. Adrienne currently serves on the Boards of several non-profit organizations, including The Storehouse of Collin County, Texas, where she serves on the Executive Committee as Board Secretary and is a member of the External Affairs Committee; and The Melville Family Foundation, where she is Secretary of the Board. Adrienne holds a B.A. from Yale University and a J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania Law School. Adrienne is certified by the International Association of Privacy Professionals with CIPP/US and CIPM privacy certifications. She also holds an executive leadership certificate from Dartmouth’s Tuck School of Business. Damon Munchus is an experienced senior global finance executive with a passion for innovation with over 25 years of experience in corporate finance, strategy, capital markets and regulatory affairs. He has a long career within the financial services industry focusing on the intersection of finance and technology. Damon served as a Deputy Assistant Secretary at the U.S. Department of the Treasury during the global financial crisis of 2008-2010 with a bias towards action where he gained his unique experience and perspective on regulatory affairs. Over the course of his career Damon has proven himself to be a collaborative and diplomatic leader specializing in consensus-driven problem solving within complex situations. Damon has extensive federal regulatory and government relations experience developed as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Legislative Affairs at the U.S. Department of the Treasury. After government service he worked as a registered lobbyist and advised private equity firms, investors and corporations while at the Cypress Group (dba Mindset), on regulatory risk for their portfolio company acquisitions. Damon’s previous board service includes Washington, D.C.’s Board of Real Property Assessments and Treasurer of the Washington, D.C. Chapter of Habitat for Humanity. He currently serves on the Advisory Board of the College of Liberal Arts of the University of Texas at Austin where he graduated with a B.A. from the Plan II Honors Program. He also holds a Master’s in Public Policy from Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government and a J.D. from New York University School of Law. Damon currently lives in New York City and is the proud father of identical twin teenage boys. In his spare time he enjoys reading crime fiction, playing golf, listening to jazz and cooking authentic Louisiana creole cuisine. Damon Munchus CFO and COO - Digital, Data and Product for Commercial Banking at JPMorgan Chase & Co. New York, NY E [email protected] in damon-munchus-444b97 Zeek Ojeh leads with confidence, integrity and empathy. In the boardroom, he has honed the skill of reducing complex financial problems to their basic elements and builds consensus by using data to drive decision-making. He is a Qualified Financial Expert (QFE) and a specialist in assessing organizational strategies and financial framework, and recommending measures to maximize operational efficiencies. He is the Audit Committee Chair for ARDX.net, an ESOP healthcare and IT management company. He is also on the board of Arizona’s third largest bank – the $3.3 billion Arizona Financial Credit Union. As the Board Treasurer, he ensures that the credit union’s financial systems, fiscal health, internal controls as well as depositors’ assets are safe and secure. He also chairs the Enterprise Risk Management Committee and he’s a member of the Assets and Liabilities and the IT Steering Committees. In conformity with the bank’s Strategic Plan, Mr. Ojeh provided oversight throughout the deal-cycle in the merger/acquisition of two separate commercial banks (Pinnacle Bank and Horizon Community Bank). He ensured that the purchases were accretive to net income, and not dilutive, and that the synergies, ROI, and Goodwill were within acceptable ranges. These acquisitions helped increase the bank’s market share. He was Arizona Governor nominated and state legislature confirmed candidate to serve on two boards – the Arizona Finance Housing Authority (AzFHA) and the Manufactured Housing Board (MHB). The AzFHA provides opportunities for first-time homebuyers to cover down payment and closing costs. The MHB is charged with imposing minimum construction standards to safeguard the safety and welfare of the public. In his career, Mr. Ojeh is the President of ZaiMar, Inc., a commercial real-estate acquisition, development and leasing company. He is also an Arbitrator for FINRA. In February 2022, he retired as the Acting Superintendent for the Balsz School District in Phoenix. At Balsz, he oversaw the sale of bonds to address some critical infrastructure needs. Previously, he was the CFO for Cartwright School District, with an annual operating budget of approximately $200 million. For seven years, Mr. Ojeh was a multi-unit franchisee, owner-operator of Wendy’s Restaurant. Using his financial acumen, industry best practices and collaborative nature, he turned around two failing restaurants, improved morale, and increased sales by 105% in 18 months. For approximately thirteen years, Mr. Ojeh worked for the City of Phoenix in a variety of capacities – Tax Auditor, Airport Supervisory Accountant and as a Budget Officer. In the community, Mr. Ojeh is an enthusiastic leader in several major community entities, often serving in governance or officer-roles. He served on the boards of the Association of Arizona Food Banks, the Catholic Education Arizona, a mediator for Maricopa Justice Courts and as a two-term President of the Holy Spirit Parish Council. If given an opportunity to serve, Mr. Ojeh will bring a spirit of entrepreneurship, collaboration to drive growth and a proven success in gaining market share. He’s an accredited investor per SEC Rule 501 Reg. D (7), with an MBA degree from the Thunderbird School of Global Mgt, AZ. He is a certified public accountant (CPA), certified internal auditor (CIA) and a certified financial services auditor (CFSA). Mr. Ojeh earned an ESOP Governance certificate, and he’s a graduate of the Santa Clara University’s “Black Corporate Board Readiness” (BCBR) program. Azella Perryman is a global operations and technology executive with over 15 years of experience driving bottom-line impact through transformation and restructuring of organizations and processes across the U.S., U.K., and various African countries. She has traveled to or visited over 55 emerging and developed countries and worked across technology, media/entertainment, finance, marketing, non-profit, e-commerce and mobility. Azella has been a strategic advisor to CEOs and Presidents of public and private companies as well as the European Union and driven new market entry strategies, resource allocation, restructuring, and organizational efficiency. She is known for her ability to disrupt and transform organizations without being disruptive to business continuity. Over the course of her career, she has created operational rigor and led transformations across almost every stage and function of a business, including operations, finance, marketing, and strategy. Most recently, as the VP of Customer and Sales Operations at Flyhomes, a series B startup, she managed an internationally distributed operations team of over 400 people across India and the U.S. and drove technology software implementation to optimize sales cycles for $50m of revenue. At Lyft, she built and executed the strategic annual planning process with the CEO and CFO and drove alignment across headcount planning, budget allocation and product roadmaps, reducing time spent on planning by 33% company-wide. Prior to Lyft, she restructured and transformed operational management teams at Caviar post-acquisition of a smaller startup, reduced overtime costs by 60% and led the expansion of the $40m business into new markets. She then managed the 350 person team through transition during the subsequent $410m acquisition of Caviar by DoorDash. Internationally, as a strategic advisor to the President of StubHub, she helped the C-suite integrate a $165m international acquisition across the E.U. and U.S. to enter the global market. She also drove go-to-market execution across the U.K, U.S. South Africa, and Nigeria for a rebrand of the MTV channel in Nigeria to over 20 million viewers as Director of Strategy and Business Development at Viacom Africa. Azella gained public sector experience in Africa through her work with Technoserve by creating inroads with the governments, NGOs, and players along the entire agricultural supply chain in 6 African countries to create a market entry strategy for a $540m investment by a multinational conglomerate and for the EU in Zimbabwe. She began her career at Goldman Sachs in New York and London with their sales and private equity divisions. Azella serves as Board Secretary for the San Francisco Conservation Corps. She has served on the advisory board for the San Francisco Symphony, and mentors college students and underprivileged communities through various non-profit organizations including East Bay College Fund, Streetwise Partners, YearUp and Women’s Venture Fund. Azella earned her MBA from Harvard Business School, and her B.A in Economics from Stanford University. She played varsity basketball at Stanford, is an avid holistic health and fitness enthusiast, loves to travel and is a voracious book lover. Audra Ryan-Jones is an accomplished Senior Professional Services and Technology Executive with over 30 years of experience in Global Customer Account Management, Sales, Operational Excellence, and Customer Satisfaction. Audra has a proven track record of leading and building world-class, matrixed organizations in high-growth transformation. She has led go-to-market transformations in businesses ranging from 20M to 500M in revenues. Her experience spans across multiple sectors including Public Sector, Financial Services, Retail, Healthcare and more. Prior to that, at Xerox, Audra held several geographic and industry-based positions of increasing P&L and organizational responsibility ranging from 25 -120M annual recurring revenue. She was recognized with ten Xerox President Club Awards for overachievement of sales, revenue and profit targets. She was honored by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Xerox Corporation for cross functional leadership in the acquisition of the $224 M Xerox/ACS Synergy deal. In her early career, Audra worked as a technology adviser for the Kuwait Air Force in the Persian Gulf and as a System Engineering Manager at IBM. Audra has held significant leadership positions at HPE, Xerox and now Amazon Web Services (AWS). In her current role at AWS, Audra is focused on helping Enterprise Mid Large customers (EML), Independent Software Vendors (ISVs) and Digital Native Businesses (DNB) accelerate their digital transformation by leveraging AWS Professional Services resulting in $1.294B in Trailing Twelve Months (TTM) Platform revenue. In 2022, Audra’s AWS leadership and colleagues rated her highest in three leadership principles: Earning trust, Learn and be curious, and Hire and develop the best. This is indicative of her approach to leadership and delivering results, which is grounded in high integrity, continual learning, and empathy. Audra is personally and professionally an advocate for advancement in diversity, inclusion and creating cultures of continuous learning. She is active in community service and currently serves as the President of the Board of Evangeline Ministries, a life skills program for women in Cape town South Africa. She is also a Board Director and Secretary of the Sigma Phi Phi Epsilon Sigma Boule Foundation, and has served on the Board of Directors Executive Committee for the Northern Virginia Urban League and IT Alliance for the Public Sector (ITAPS) Federal Executive Council. Audra holds a Master of Business Administration from The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, and a Bachelor of Business Administration from Temple University with Honors. She is a graduate of the Santa Clara University Black Corporate Readiness Board (BCBR) program. Nicole L. Streeter is a strategic C-Level governance, regulatory compliance and risk management executive, and investor. She advises C-Suite and Boards of billion-dollar organizations across education, digital/tech businesses, and government in refining strategies to achieve goals for stakeholders and shareholders. Nicole’s 20+ years of governance, establishing/navigating regulations, compliance, risk, and legal expertise has steered organizations through economic, social, and political headwinds, efficiently driving results in a timely manner. Currently, Nicole strategically advises the Chairman and the Council of the District of Columbia on regulations, compliance, risk, and legal including D.C.’s local $19B+ fiscal oversight. As a former Chairman’s Chief of Staff and Principal Advisor, she liaised between Chairman, Corporate Executives, Councilmembers, and Capitol Hill, navigating/advising on complex and often controversial matters between businesses, industries, and the government on regulations/legalities – achieving positive resolutions affecting multibillion-dollar industries. Nicole’s experience will serve her well as a Board Director of technology companies including EdTech, RegTech, GovTech, SaaS/digital platforms, and start-ups, advising on strategic and fiscal governance issues, regulations, risk, and funding. She is well poised to guide companies in gaining entry into government sectors to expand their market share. A trusted, influential voice at the table, Nicole advances the strategic direction, asking crucial questions and challenging thinking while building consensus, anticipating potential risk, and leveraging her robust network. **Board Value Impact** - Regulatory Compliance and Risk Expert – Advised/guided a $3.3B property rental business and DC Council on legislation for the $87B vacation rental industry with positive outcomes for all parties. - Strategic, Fiscal, and Board Governance – Advised DC Public Charter School Board and Executive Director on 68 DC charter schools and its $800M budget, technology, funding, compliance, regulations, legal, risk, resources/services. - Partnerships and Network – Brings insights on partnerships for digital/tech native, EdTech, RegTech, and startup companies to enter or expand market both B2B and B2G, ensuring regulatory, government, and legal compliance. - Funding – Navigated all funding aspects of $800M in public funds for charter schools. Expert on Board requirements for renewal/dissolution, and funding products/services. - Crisis Management – Led DC Council through crisis/Federal Investigations of high-level Officials. Guided COVID emergency bills in $16B budget constraints; advised on impact to business, economic development, housing, and health/human services. - Diversity and Access – Poised to advise digital/EdTech/RegTech boards on financial/funding, tech, and access by un/underrepresented communities. **Board Experience** - Executive Board of Advisors, How Women Lead, Silicon Valley, DC, Maryland and Virginia - Ltd. Partner, How Women Invest VC Fund; 1863 Ventures Fund - Former Chair, Governance and Nominations Committee, Bright Beginnings - Chair, Former Chair, Fundraising Committee Gay Men’s Chorus of Washington, DC **Board Value Skills** - Strategic and $16B Fiscal Governance Advisory - Regulatory Compliance and Legal - Risk Mitigation and Crisis Management - Strategic Partnerships, Funding, D&I **Education** - JD, Univ. of California, Berkeley, School of Law - BSFS, International Politics, USA in World Affairs, Georgetown University **Thought Leadership** - Host/Moderator, *Mythbusting & Connecting with Black Board Directors*, #Getonboard Week, Nov. 2021 - Co-Presenter, What Happens When Communications Wants to Say Everything and Legal Wants to Say Nothing? Colorado Charter Schools Conference, Denver, 2018. - Panelist, The Department of Labor May Come Knocking: Have Your Schools Filed Their Form 5500s? Alliance of Public Charter Schools’ Attorneys, Minneapolis, MN, 2017 Kim A. Thompson is a creative and pragmatic problem solver and global business executive with over three decades of experience as a lawyer and senior risk management leader. Her collaborative style enables senior management teams to navigate complex risk situations and come through with reasonable, positive outcomes. Kim has extensive experience working on corporate engagement strategies to advance racial equity and social justice. She will bring deep risk management and legal expertise, and a fresh perspective on stakeholder expectations for the social element of ESG to a corporate board. Kim served large multinational clients as a securities and commercial litigator at the international law firm Gibson Dunn before moving in-house to PricewaterhouseCoopers. At PwC, she led dozens of audit teams through fraud investigations and other complex issues. She served as Deputy Global General Counsel where she provided legal advice to the global consulting business on a wide range of issues including acquisition related matters, large international client problems and other sensitive situations. She led the global risk management function for PwC’s consulting business and drove the development, implementation and monitoring of global quality management systems and risk processes for PwC’s consulting businesses across the world. She effectively solved countless complex business problems, including the resolution of several significant conflict of interest matters involving multinational clients. Kim led the global risk management consultations team responsible for identifying and managing new and emerging risk issues for PwC across the world for all of PwC’s businesses. Kim was a founding fellow in the CEO Action for Racial Equity fellowship, a business-led initiative using data-driven insights and a human centered approach to develop, promote, and scale sustainable public policies and corporate engagement strategies that advance racial equity across the United States. She has been a keynote speaker on the social aspect of ESG at various national conferences. Kim has two decades of experience on nonprofit boards, and currently serves as Chair of the Board for Legal Services for Children, and on the Executive Committee of the Oakland Promise Board. In addition, she is currently a member of the board of directors for both the S.H. Cowell Foundation and the Martin Luther King Jr. Freedom Center. Kim has been recognized multiple times for her community activities and her professional achievements. The San Francisco Business Times named Kim as one of the 150 Most Influential Women in Business. Oakland Magazine recognized Kim for her volunteer and philanthropic work in the magazine’s annual Best of Oakland and East Bay edition. Kim’s high school awarded her their Life Achievement Award for her professional and volunteer achievements. Kim was named California Law Review’s Alumna of the Year. Kim received Friends of Oakland Parks and Recreation’s annual Ann Woodell Community Award and was an honoree at the Oakland Parks and Recreation Salute to Excellence and Community Spirit. Kim received the Community Champion Award from Life Goes On Foundation. Kim earned her Juris Doctor from the University of California at Berkeley School of Law and a Bachelor of Arts degree from Cornell University. She is an active member of the California Bar. She and her husband live in Oakland, California, and they have two adult children. Vanessa Vining brings three decades of diversified strategic and purposeful experiences leading marketing and advertising, leveraging ESG to further client’s mission and revenue goals. As a trusted advisor and partner to CEO’s and other C-Suite executives at fortune 100 and 500 companies, her business acumen enables her to develop omnichannel strategies that address increasing ROI for brands like AT&T, P&G, PepsiCo, General Motors, McDonalds and U.S. Army among others. Currently, Vanessa is the Founder and CEO of The Cultural Effect, Inc., an agency dedicated to developing inclusive ecosystems for its clients through the lens of culture, fiduciary duty and ESG to drive marketing innovation, brand affinity and retention. She has held leadership roles in Account Management, Strategy, Media, Investment, DE&I and Supplier Diversity at VaynerX, Omnicom, IPG, Publicis, Fluent360 and Carol H Williams. Vanessa is a “Swiss Army Knife”, with an agile ability to envision, create and execute sustainable strategies in competitive markets. Team DDB, the AOR for the U.S. Army, commended her for developing the approach to educate and transform relationships throughout Army Enterprise Marketing Office (AEMO) ranks, as well as Army Reserve, National Guard, USAREC and ROTC. Vanessa was the first Chief Diversity Office at VaynerX, reporting to the CEO. Her business impact was through global DE&I initiatives – investing in commercial efforts, stakeholder engagement, talent innovation and providing support for Executive Leadership and client’s. She successfully turned around the FDA Fresh Empire anti-smoking campaign and relationship in five months, consolidating and leading all five anti-smoking/vaping campaigns totaling $85M+. She also led the first multi-million-dollar, digital only, Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) campaign and exceeded goals by 7%. Leading diversity strategy and operations for her clients, Vanessa created an innovative approach to Supplier Diversity. For AT&T, she successfully created an approach to Media and Supplier Diversity, exceeding their $96.0M annual spend goal by 10%+ for four consecutive years. For PepsiCo, she created a multi-year strategy to increase spend from $2.2MM in 2012 to $11.0MM by 2015 with diverse owned companies. She received a Telly Award in the motivational category for the TV One and AT&T “Iconic Achievers” campaign and was an ANA finalist for best African American campaign. As a transformational leader, Vanessa is regarded as a thought leader, speaker, coach, and advisor. She served on the board of The Metropolitan Board of the Chicago Urban League and Circulation Verification Council, and currently sits on the board of Empow(H)er Cybersecurity and a member of CHIEF. Vining earned a bachelor’s degree from Governors State University and holds a Diversity and Inclusion certification from Cornell University. **Skills and Expertise** **Strategy and Investment** - Strategy GTM – B2C, B2B - Contract Negotiations - Value Creation - Business Transformation - New Business **People and Culture** - Diversity, Equity & Inclusion (DE&I) - Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - Transformational Coaching - Learning and Development **Supplier Diversity** - Program Development and Management - Sourcing - Training **Specialization** **Type** - Public and private **Size** - Mid to large-size companies - Small size companies **Industry and Categories** - Marketing/Advertising – Retail, QSR, Autorotative, Technology, Telecommunication, Finance, FinTech, Spirits Catina Wilson is a senior Global Operations executive with more than 25 years of Product Management, Strategy Execution, Relationship Management, Technology, and Customer Service experience in Fintech, financial services, automotive and software industries. She has expertise in strategy development and execution, technology deployments, mergers and acquisitions, leading organizational transformations and developing high performance teams. She serves as Global Head of Prepaid Card Operations and Strategic Partnerships for Fiserv, a $15B, Fortune 500 Financial Technology leader. She led the turnaround of Fiserv’s Prepaid business by creating a strategic partner network of suppliers to mitigate supply chain constraints and establishing a framework for improving the overall customer experience. She led the team to increasing revenues while also reducing costs with a 25% margin improvement. As GM Channel Partner Operations, Catina led the dissolution of Bank of America Merchant Services, a joint venture between First Data Corporation and Bank of America. Catina led the way to creating a new Merchant Acquiring direct channel business for Fiserv, Clover Business Solutions. In parallel, she led negotiations to save the Bank of America relationship and was able to create a new channel partner relationship. Later, she was appointed to lead the channel partner relationship and grew revenues from $237M to $261M within the first year with Bank of America becoming Fiserv’s largest channel partner. Catina held progressive leadership roles with Cox Automotive, a $5B conglomerate of brands that provide digital, marketing, retail, financial and wholesale solutions to automotive dealers. In her last role, Head of Strategy and Execution, she led a team of employees that drove operational efficiencies, e-commerce technology enhancements, product commercialization, operational readiness, and significantly improved the customer experience. Catina led the integration of several acquisitions including Dealer Track and Kelly Blue Book. Earlier, Catina was Group VP Technology Delivery at SunTrust Bank (now Truist). She led the technology delivery team for the areas of technology risk and compliance, Anti-money laundering and Fraud. She led the implementation and deployment of technology initiatives valued at $50M+. She led the digital transformation which reduced company expenditures by $25M. Catina was also a management consultant for American Management Systems and has also worked for several start-ups supporting sales, and professional services. Catina recently joined the board of directors for the Technology Association of Georgia where she will advise young, minority owned Tech companies looking to launch new products. She has an MBA from Georgia Institute of Technology and a degree in Industrial Management from Purdue University. She lives in Atlanta with her husband and daughter. She’s an avid traveler and loves to play golf. 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THE FURROW COLLECTIVE Fathoms (Hudson) www.thefurrowcollective.co.uk Yer actual Britfolk supergroup excel. VARIOUS ARTISTS Two Niles To Sing A Melody (Ostinato) www.ostinatorecords.com Exemplary package of Sudanese gems. EMILYN STAM & FILIPPO GAMBETTA Shorelines (Borealis) www.borealisrecords.com Italian accordeon meets Canadian fiddle. FARA Times From Times Fall (Fara Music) www.faramusic.co.uk Orkney's finest keep on cooking. JOHN SMITH Hummingbird (Commoner) www.johnsmithjohnsmith.com Gorgeous album of mostly traditionals. HICKORY SIGNALS Turn To Fray (GF*M) www.hickorysignals.com Two-fifths of Bird In The Belly hit it true. BÂTON BLEU Weird And Wonderful Tales (DixieFrog) www.facebook.com/batonbleu Unclassifiable French originality. ASTRAKAN PROJECT Inês (Astrakan Project) www.astrakanproject.com Breton music meets Portuguese legend. JEAN-PHILIPPE RYKIEL & LANSINÉ KOUYATÉ Kangaba-Paris (Buda) www.budamusique.com Exquisite piano and balafon duets. JAUNE TOUJOURS Europeana (Choux De Bruxelles) www.choux.net World's finest 'Belgian mestizo' live band. THOM ASHWORTH Head Canon (Thom Ashworth) www.thomashworth.com Bass-toting champ of the NWOFBs. SUISTAMON SÄHKÖ Etkot Pectopah Ja Etnoteknoa (Kihtinäjärvi/ Nordic Notes) www.nordic-notes.de Finnish folk music goes wiggily forwards. For our live choices look for the symbol in the following News pages.

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rolmOCR

[ 1433 ]

Dallas Sierra Club The Compass www.dallassierraclub.org by Dallas Morning News writer Kathy A. Goolsby John Rath routinely beats his co-workers to the office, and he does it on a bicycle. The biggest problem in winter is there's less daylight,"said Mr., Rath, 46. I won't ride at night. It's just too dangerous, so I have to think aboutwhen I have to leave to make it home by dark." Mr. Rath lives in Grapevine and works at Frito-Lay on Legacy Drive in Plano,where he is manager of the company's employees' association, It's a 22 milecommute each way, and he traverses it on two wheels at least twice a week inwinter and more often in other seasons. His route takes him along State Highway 26 in Grapevine, which merges into State Highway 121 just past Grapevine Mills mall. From There, it's a straight shot through Lewisville to his office in Plano. Save our Seashore! WHAT: Camp-in and Sea Turtle Sandcastle Building Contest at Padre Island National Seashore WHEN: 3:00 PM Saturday, March 29-- Beach Clean-up 10:00am -2:00pm Sunday, March 30--Sea Turtle Sand Castle Contest 4:00 pm, March 30-Campfire Sing-a-Long WHY: Save the Turtles and Protest the Bush Administration's Reckless Destruction of our National Parks and Public Lands REGISTER BY MARCH 21! Call 512-477-1729 or go to www.texas.sierraclub.org The journey takes about an hour and 10 See "Grand Theft Bicycle" Page 7 See "Save Our Seashore" Page 1 We have a house call scheduled with the Dirt Doctor, Howard Garrett. See page 3 for details. The Compass A monthly publication of the Dallas Sierra Club Stop the Drilling! Save Our Seashore Camp-in at Padre Island National Seashore March 29-31 to protest drilling in our national park and the Bush Administration's destructive public lands agenda "Another part of me wants to go camp out on Padre Island and resist the bulldozers that are going to drill for gas on that island now that George Bush has given them permission. I want to resist." Saturday March 29 Beach Clean Up --Ann Richards in Texas Monthly, February 2003 Sierra Club is engaged in a fight to stop gas drilling on Padre Island National Seashore, and we need your help to send a message that is loud and clear to the Bush Administration-Don't mess with our public lands! Incredibly, BNP Petroleum has embarked on what it calls an "aggressive drilling campaign" in the park that could last 30 years! This spring, while critically endangered turtles are coming ashore to nest, BNP plans on having 18 wheeler trucks driving up and down the beach up to 200 times a week where the turtles lay their eggs! On March 29-31, hundreds of people who treasure this great national park and the critically endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtles that nest there will head for the beach in opposition to new drilling that will take place in the park and has been approved by the Bush Administration. In order to protest this callous destruction of our seashore and raise national awareness of the Administration's reckless agenda for our public lands, the Sierra Club is sponsoring a Camp-In and Sea-Turtle Sand Castle Contest along the beach route used by BNP's trucks. We'll use the event to call for a federal buy-out of the oil and gas rights underneath the park, like the buy-out that the Administration has proposed for a national park in the Florida Everglades. Schedule of Events: For all events, please park in the Malaquite Beach Parking Lot (across the bridge and about 20 miles south of Corpus Christi). A Sierra Club information and registration tent will be set up there. Please bring your own food, water, and supplies. Sorry, no pets allowed on the seashore. All activities are free and open to the public. Children are encouraged to participate. The Compass At 3:00, Sierra Club will lead a beachclean-up on the north end of the national seashore. Trash bags will be provided. Please bring heavy gloves and good shoes. Sunday, March 30 Sea Turtle Sand Castle Contest The Sand Castle contest will open at 10:00 AM on Sunday, March 30. Each participant will be assigned a plot on the beach to build their own unique and creative sea turtle sand castle. You may register for a plot as an individual, family, or organization. Judging will begin at 1:00 and the awards ceremony will begin at 2:00 PM. Water and light snacks will be provided, so please bring your own picnic lunch. Sunday, March 30 Camp-In You are encouraged to pitch your tent and stay overnight on the beach. There is a good chance that the BNP Petroleum trucks will be running early in the morning on Monday, and we'd like to be there to greet them and witness the destruction of the turtle sand castles. (You are also welcome to camp on the beach on Saturday night, March 29.) The Sierra Club will offer instructions on no-impact camping, which means leaving no trace when we leave. Please be sure to bring enough food and water for yourself and your family. Background: What's at Stake BNP Petroleum drilled a well last spring that took four months to complete and resulted in thousands of trucks driving up and down the beach during turtle nesting season. The company has received another permit to drill two more wells. The permit The seashore is home to 17 endangered or threatened species, including five kinds of sea turtles, foremost among them the Kemp's ridley, the most critically endangered sea turtle in the world. It is one of the most visited recreation area in Texas, drawing 800,000 visitors a year on average. Padre Island is the longest unbroken barrier beach in the U.S., and the longest undeveloped barrier beach in the world. See "Sea Shore" Allergenic GM Papaya Scandal How Prof. Joe Cummins uncovered the great scandal of how US regulatory agencies approved a GM papaya even though it carries a viral gene known to be a potential allergen. The possibility that genetically modified (GM) crops may introduce novel allergens has been raised by many critics, and as part of the approval process, potential allergens have to be identified before the crops are released commercially. But the GM papaya was approved despite a recent report [2] showing that the papaya ringspot virus coat protein is a potential allergen because it contained a string of amino acids identical to a known allergen. I contacted Dr. James Maryanski of the FDA by e-mail on 22 January, to alert him of the allergenic potential of the papaya virus coat protein and the relevant publication. In his reply (27 January), he wrote, Recently the United States regulatory bodies - Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA, APHIS), the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) united in approving the commercial production of "Sunset" transgenic papaya that's resistant to papaya ringspot virus. It is modified with a gene for papaya ring spot virus coat protein, the expression of which prevents the virus from replication by silencing the virus' own gene [1]. "Companies that may wish to submit new GM foods for FDA evaluation perform a regimen of tests to obtain safety data on these foods, the degree of similarity between the amino acid sequences in the newly introduced proteins of the GM food and the amino acid sequences in known allergens, toxins, and anti-nutrients." GAO believed that when the sequence of a transgenic protein is found to be similar to that of allergens, further studies would be carried out, at the very least, before the GM crop or product is commercially released. The US General Accounting Office (GAO) Report to Congress on Genetically Modified Foods [3] assured Congress and the public that the regimen of safety tests submitted to the FDA are adequate. "FDA and EPA are aware of this recently published paper, though we have not had an opportunity to fully assess the findings of the paper. FDA is conducting a review of available scientific literature and intends to use this information to prepare draft guidelines for industry. Please note that the traits used to confer resistance to viral disease in papaya See "Papaya" Page 7 March's Program ICO Highlights & Nature Photographers The opening program will be the annual year in review for the Inner City Outing's Program. New ICO Chair David McCalib will highlight this great Sierra Club program and tell us what the new year will bring. Also, please mark your calendar for April 9, 2003 when Howard Garrett, the Dirt Doctor, will get us all off to the right yard care and gardening start with his presentation: "Kicking the Chemical Habit." The main program will be by renowned nature photographer L.F. Van Landingham and his wife, Marbrey. L.F. has won many awards for his photos form such diverse locales as the Galapagos Islands and Bosque del Apache NWR, NM. He was also recently published in a book entitled "Best Amateur Photographers in America." L.F.'s partner for the March presentation, Marbrey Van Landingham, has spent a number of years taking her husband's photographs and using both technology and art to put the images to music. This is a dramatic and inspirational program you will not want to miss and is a perfect opportunity to bring a friend to their first Sierra Club meeting. LBJ Freeway Forest Lane Preston Road Tollway Monfort / Nuestra Harvest Hill Wozencraft Galleria Valley View E.D. Walker Vanguard School Page 3 March 2003 The Dallas Sierra Club's general meetings are held the second Wednesday of each month. Meetings are open to all interested persons. The meetings begin at 7pm at the E.D. Walker School on the corner of Montfort and Wozencraft, MAPSCO 15S. 1 2 The Compass March 2003 Volume 100, Issue 0303 The Compass is the monthly publication of the Dallas Regional Group of the Sierra Club. Members of the Dallas Group support The Compass and receive the publication as part of their membership benefits. Opt Out: You can download and view The Compass at any time from our web site at www.dallassierraclub.org. Just click on the 'Compass Online' link. If you don't want to receive The Compass by mail, you can opt out at the above web site location or by sending email to [email protected]. Include your name and member number. Or send your name and member number on a post card to Cancel Compass, Dallas Sierra Club, P.O. Box 800365, Dallas TX 75380-0365 Subscriptions: The Compass is available to nonmembers by subscription for $12 per year. To subscribe, send a check made payable to "Dallas Sierra Club" to: Newsletter Subscriptions: Dallas Sierra Club P.O. Box 800365 Dallas TX 75380-0365 Address Changes: To change your address, send you name, old and new addresses and member number to: Sierra Club Member Services PO Box 52968 Boulder, Colorado 80322-2968 or email the information to: [email protected] Submissions: Article and photograph submissions are always welcome. Please send submissions by the deadlines given in the General Calendar. Send submissions to the newsletter editor at the e-mail address and phone number listed on the back fold. © 2003 Dallas Sierra Club A. W i Attorney at Law Board Certified Civil Trial Law & Personal Injury Trial Law Texas Board of Legal Specialization 972•416•2500 Fax 972•417•0685 1120 Metrocrest, Suite 200 Carrollton,TX 75006 Dear Dallas Sierrans, I am privileged to serve as your new ExCom chair, and I am looking forward to an exciting year working with the ExCom and all the dedicated volunteers at the Dallas Sierra Club. The spirit of volunteerism is alive and well in our club and is manifest in many different ways. We have ICO volunteers who give of themselves to work with at-risk children, offering them opportunities for growth and teaching them an appreciation of the natural world and their place in it. We have Conservation advocates who work tirelessly to fight the good fight to protect the natural world that sustains us. We have Outings leaders who show us that being an environmentalist is as much about enjoying the outdoors as it is about working to protect it. And we have those unsung volunteers who work behind the scenes on fundraising and social events, budgets and paperwork - the kind of work without which our club could not function but which too often goes unacknowledged. Like every other non-profit, we have to raise money to finance our activities. Every hour spent in fundraising is an hour that can't be spent working with ICO kids, doing conservation advocacy, or leading outings. But a new opportunity has arisen: a challenge grant that will match donations to the Dallas group, dollar for dollar, up to a total of $1,000. This is a terrific opportunity to make your money work twice as hard and maximize our volunteers' time doing the work that they are so passionate about. Details are in this issue of the Compass and on the website. Thank you for all of the ways you support the Dallas Sierra Club! Ann Drumm Dallas Sierra Club Chair Waste Disposal, Recycling Company "Save $$$$ and make a difference" We Recycle: Cardboard • Paper products • Wood Metals • and More This means much less goes to the landfill. Why not spend less and do your part? We have sorters who make sure that everything goes to use. (214) 634-1831 Ask for Jerzy! www.dallasrecycling.net Fax (214) 634-0466 3303 Pluto Street Dallas, Texas 75212 March 2003 GENERAL CALENDAR 3/5 • 4/2 First Wednesday. Executive Committee Meeting 6:30PM at REI 2nd floor metting room (I-635 between Welch Road & Midway Road, MAPSCO 14Q), to discuss Club projects, policy and finances. All members are welcome to attend and participate. Call John Rath at 817-488-3489. 3/12 • 4/9 Second Wednesday. Sierra Club General Meeting 7:00-8:30pm in the auditorium at ED Walker School (Corner of Montfort & Wozencraft, MAPSCO 15S), come early to pick up activity materials and afterwords join the socializing at Juan's Cantina. 3/14 • 4/11 Second Friday. Deadline for electronic materials to be submitted to The Compass. E-mail [email protected] or deliver diskettes to editors during the General Meeting. 3/19 • 4/16 Third Wednesday. Outings Comittee Meeting 7:00PM REI (Mapsco 14Q), to discuss outings schedules and issues. All outings leaders, future outings leaders, and interested Sierrans are welcome. Call Mick Nolen at 972-991-9351 for more information. 3/24 • 4/21 Inner City Outings Meeting. Fourth Monday. 7PM at REI. Contact Liz Wheelan at (214) 739-2269. 3/26 • 4/23 Fourth Wednesday. Newsletter Party 7:00PM at the Chruchill Recreation Center at Hillcrest & Churchill Way (MAPSCO 15V). Help sort, bundle and label the newsletter. Socializing afterward. Contact Donna Evans at 972-222-6134. Volunteer of the Month Bill Beech doorsman, Bill has toured many parts of the world, including New Zealand. A mountain biker, skier, snowshoer, backpacker, canoeist, kayaker, and scuba diver, Bill passes on his knowledge and skills to others through his leadership in the Outings program. He is a model for other skilled and knowledgeable members who want to use the opportunities offered by our Outings program to grow personally and to help others grow as well. Bill has been actively involved in Outings for a couple of years, leading trips in Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado. He has a wonderful sense of humor and camaraderie which make his trips fun and enjoyable, and he leads with an easygoing confidence in his wilderness skills. If you haven't had a chance to go on one of his trips, sign up. If you have the experience and knowledge and are ready to take the step of becoming an Outings leader, sign up for some leadership training, as Bill did. The Dallas Sierra Club's Volunteer of the Month is Bill Beach, a member who has evolved from a participant in Outings to one of our stellar Outings leaders. An avid out- The Compass Announcements Help Wanted – Compass Ad Sales We're looking for a person to sell advertising in The Compass. We prefer a volunteer but are willing to consider paying a commission. For more information call Ann Drumm at 214-350-6108. Garage Sale Coordinator Needed One of our major fundraising events this year will be a garage sale, and we are looking for a volunteer with good organizational skills to lead the team. This is a great opportunity to meet other Sierrans and help the Dallas group with an essential fundraising event. Contact Ann Drumm at 214-350-6108. Sea Shore From Page 1 allows up to 40 heavy truck trips a day for the new wells. Bulldozers will plow a clearing through the fragile dunes to provide access to the well site, and the site will be visible from miles away. The drilling will create an intense amount of noise and result in the destruction of wetlands. Seashore and the turtles as it is to Big Cypress National Preserve in Florida. In May the Bush Administration proposed a $120 million buyout of privately held oil and gas rights below Big Cypress. Texans have every right to request that Padre Island receives that kind of protection as well. Get Involved! It's up to us to raise our voices and be heard, and show the country that even here in Texas, President Bush is out of step with the public's values on the environment. We can protect this national treasure and majestic piece of Texas' natural heritage. So come on down to Padre Island and make your voice heard! At times over the past two years it has been easy to get discouraged by the wholesale environmental destruction that the Bush Administration has gotten away with. But we have to remember that the vast majority of the American public strongly supports environmental protection, and doesn't support many of the Bush Administration's policies, environmental or otherwise. For more information about the camp-in, to sign up for volunteer activities (like distributing posters announcing the event or helping out at the event itself), obtain a power-point presentation to give to groups you are affiliated with, or to register for the camp-in and contest, contact the Lone Star Sierra Club at 512-477-1729, or e-mail [email protected]. The official "Sea Turtle Recovery Plan" for the Kemp's states that undue vibration of turtle eggs should be avoided because vibrations increase the likelihood of embryonic damage or mortality. BNPs 18-wheelers, which produce such vibrations, are a menace to the turtles. Despite intensifying efforts by turtle patrols to find every nesting event as it occurs, about half the ridleys nest and crawl back before the turtle patrols or the public come along, and an unknown number of nests are never detected at all. Three nests were not found in 2002 until hatching took place, and one of these was about a mile south of BNP's first gas well.Years of continual noise and vibrations from the trucks could make Padre Island inhospitable to sea turtles and undermine 25 years of work to establish a breeding population of Kemp's ridley at Padre Island. Sierra Club Legal Efforts After BNP began drilling its first well in February 2002, the Sierra Club went to court to stop it. We filed suit against Interior Secretary Gail Norton in April, and the case will be heard in federal court this spring. The Solution We want the Bush Administration to provide the same protection to Padre National Fred Richardson & Erin Rogers, Lone Star Chapter Challenge Grant Make Your Money Work Twice As Hard! Amember of our group has issued a challenge to other members: this member will match donations to the Dallas group dollar for dollar up to a total of $1,000. The Dallas Sierra Club, like every other volunteer organization, must conduct fundraising to finance its activities. Every volunteer hour spent on fundraising is an hour that can't be spent working with ICO kids, engaging in conservation activities, or leading outings. Help us be a more effective organization by supporting us financially, whether it's $5, $25 or more. There are two ways to contribute: (1) a tax-deductible contribution payable to the Sierra Club Foundation, which finances our educational work; or (2) a contribution payable to the Dallas Sierra Club Group to support our political activities, which are essential to our mission but which are not tax-deductible. Either way, 100% of your contribution will benefit the Dallas Sierra Club. Thanks for your support! Please write "Challenge" on the memo line of your check and mail it to: Dallas Sierra Club P.O. Box 800365 Dallas TX 75380 Mark your calendar for WEDNESDAY, APRIL 9, when Howard Garrett, "The Dirt Doctor" and North Texas' preeminent authority on organic gardening and landscaping, will get us all off to the right start with his presentation: "Kicking the Chemical Habit". If you would like to learn more about Howard Garrett and organic gardening then drop by his website at: www.dirtdoctor.com IMPORTANT CHAPTER EVENTS OK, fellow Sierrans, mark you calendars for these important dates where Sierrans from all over the state from our 18 groups can get together to meet and have fun on different events throughout the year. Details will be finalized as the dates approach. For info on these events, call the chapter office at 512-477-1729 or access the lone star chapter website. MARCH 2-3- (SUNDAY-MONDAY) LOBBY DAYS in Austin with environmental groups and Sierrans on key issues and bills important to our causes. Lodging available. JULY 19 -20 (SATURDAY-SUNDAY) CONSERVATION CONFERENCE AND AWARDS BANQUET Learn about chapter conservation priorities and join us that evening for a banquet which honors Sierrans, legislators, and media who have done great service for the club. Location to be announced. The Compass OCTOBER 17-19 (FRIDAY - SUNDAY ) SIERRA CELEBRATION at Lake Bastrop State Park near Austin at Bastrop. Outdoor fun with Sierrans at this neat location. More details forthcoming. March 2003 3 Buy Groceries & Help the Sierra Club If you shop at Tom Thumb - go to the service desk and get a reward card by giving them the Sierra Club #3941.They will explain how to use the card. If you shop at Kroger - pick up a Kroger card at the next General Meeting, or call George Zimmerman at (H) 972-315-2049 or email [email protected] to get a card mailed to you. Each time you use these cards to buy groceries, the club receives .05% of what you spend, PLUS the Sierra Club card gives you certain item specials. Sierra Club Outings www.dallassierraclub.org Backpacking Canoeing Car Camping Cycling Day Hiking Education Service Project Notice: To receive this outings list monthly via e-mail, send message to: [email protected] Type SUBSCRIBE OUTINGS LIST on the subject line. HOW THE OUTING PROGRAM WORKS Dallas Sierra Club Outings are open to members and non-members. Some trips may require special qualifications and capabilities. The leaders of each outing / trip are serving in a volunteer capacity and assume no responsibility above that of trip organizer. If you have a medical problem, it is your responsibility to inform the leader before the outing / trip. Outing / Trip leaders are encouraged to participate in training and classes to increase their skills, but they are not paid professionals. They will assist you within their limitations. It is the responsibility of the participant to be aware of any personal limitations before going on an outing. Radios and firearms are prohibited from all outings. Pets are not allowed unless specifically stated. All outings officially begin at the trail head or outing start point. Leaders cannot assign carpools, but may help coordinate ride sharing for energy conservation and to promote fellowship. All noncommercial transportation is the responsibility of the individual. Car-pooling is SOLELY voluntary, but the costs are shared. The usual method of sharing transportation cost is for all riders in the car, including the driver, to divide the cost of transportation equally. The recommended method of computing cost is to multiply round trip mileage by $0.13 a mile for small cars, $0.16 for large cars and $0.19 for vans. Before leaving, be sure this or some other method is agreed upon. Most outings require reservations. To participate in an outing contact the leader, who will decide if the trip you are interested in is suitable for you based on your capabilities and the demands of the trip. There is usually a limit to the number of people allowed on a given outing / trip. Reservations are necessary for outings unless otherwise noted. If you must cancel, inform the leader as soon as possible so that someone else can go in your place. Please respect the wishes of your leader who has volunteered his / her free time to allow you to go on the trip of your choice. If you have any questions, or if you are interested in becoming a leader, contact either the Outings Chair or the appropriate Outings Committee Coordinator on the newsletter back page. 4 MAR 1 (SAT) CROSS TIMBERS DAYHIKE Hike the best trail North Dallas has to offer! Walk ledge around the lake and through the trees. Lots of ups and downs on rugged dirt trail to get you in shape! Drive option 1: Meet at 8:15 a.m. at REI. Leader will not beat this car pool location so be sure you know way to trailhead. Go directly to Juniper Point West (JPW) trailhead on Hwy 377, 15 miles north of Whitesboro. Option 2: Meet leader PROMPTLY at 8:25 a.m. at Braums, SE intersection of Hwy 380 and 75 in McKinney. Option 3: If not carpooling, meet at 9:45 a.m. at trailend at Paw Paw Resort, follow signs off Hwy 377 and FM 901. Park at the boat ramp on left, very near the hiking trail sign. Leader will shuttle you over to JPW trailhead. Hike officially begins at 10:05 a.m. at JPW trailhead. Hike estimated 10 miles. Shorter 7.5 mile option: Meet at 11:20 a.m. at Cedar Bayou MARina, follow signs off Hwy 377. Extra credit loop: Hike 2 mile Lost Loop trail at lunchtime! Bring lunch and lots of water. Please be prompt. Rain Date is March 15. Leader: Stephanie Smith 214-544-1503. MAR 4-8 (TUE-SAT) BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK BACKPACK TRIP Spend five days hiking Mesa de Angilla in the western tip of the park. We will have time to visit most of the spectacular areas of the Mesa, including several of the best tinajas, the Sinkhole, the Rio Grande River, and an amazing view of Santa Elena Canyon. This trip is rated moderately strenuous. Because the hike starts on Tuesday, you can come early and spend a few days sightseeing before the hike. Leaders: Arthur Kuehne 214-902-9260(H) [email protected] Kathryn Littrell 214-321-4030(H) [email protected] MAR 7 (FRI) DEADLINEfor submission of outings to be listed in the March Outings List and April Newsletter. Contact Mick Nolen 972-991-9351 [email protected] Co-Leaders: Steve Longley 214-824-1128 [email protected] Marcos Jorge show up at Reunion Station. Leaders: Molly Rooke 214-369-6667 [email protected] Arthur Kuehne 214-902-9260(H) [email protected] Leader: Bill Greer 972-964-1781(H) [email protected]. MAR 8 (SAT) BICYCLE WHITEROCK LAKE Meet at 9:00am in the parking lot on Lawther 100 yards south of Mockingbird Ln. We will be riding about two hours. The out and back feature of this ride allows participants to ride their own pace. When you have been out about an hour, just turn around. Lunch at a nearby eatery. Leader: Bill Beach 214-824-4584 MAR 8 (SAT) WHITE ROCK LAKE CLEANUP Help clean up the Dallas Sierra Club's Adopted Shoreline. Meet at the For the Love of the Lake office parking lot on level below Eckerd's in Casa Linda Plaza (on Buckner facing Doctors Hospital, just north of Garland Road, Mapsco 38-J) at 8:00 AM for registration and refreshments. Leader: Carol Nash 214-824-0244 (H) [email protected] MAR 9 (SUN) MOSS PARK DAYHIKE NORTH DALLAS We'll meet at 1:00pm at Moss Park in Dallas to walk North to trail end at Hillcrest / LBJ. Then return along same route. Hike approx. 7 miles. Moss Park is at Greenville and Royal, entrance off Greenville. Leader: Stephanie Smith 214-544-1503 [email protected] MAR 8-9 (SAT-SUN) LITTLE MISSOURI RIVER BEGINNER BACKPACKING TRIP We will do a leisurely backpack of approximately 6 miles over 2-days along one of the most scenic backpacking trails in Southwest Arkansas. Because the trail follows the upper reaches of the Little Missouri River there is minimal elevation change, but do be prepared for cold-water stream crossings. There will opportunities for optional exploratory day hikes also. Drive up Friday night and return Sunday. Preference will be given to graduates of the Beginner Backpacking Class. MAR 15 (SAT) DART TO ART We'll visit the new Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth. But there is a catch. We'll do it entirely using Dallas and Fort Worth mass transit. If you live over a mile from the nearest bus or train stop, you can drive to that stop, but otherwise we will take DART, the Trinity Rail Express and the Fort Worth T to get to the museum. Meet at Reunion Station in downtown Dallas at 8:15 AM to catch the train to Fort Worth. Check the DART bus schedules at www.dart.org to find a bus or train that will get you to Reunion on time. We will leave Fort Worth in time to get back to Dallas before dark. When you get on the Dart bus or train, purchase a Premium day pass for $4. This is good for all of the buses and trains all day. The museum entrance fee is $8 and you will also need money for lunch. No need to sign up in advance, just March 2003 MAR 19 (WED) OUTINGS COMMITTEE MEETING Meet in the upstairs program room at REI (on north side of LBJ between Midway and Welch), at 7:00 PM. Bring your ideas for the Dallas Sierra Club Outings program. We will be planning summer outings and bus trips. All outings leaders, future outings leaders, and interested Sierrans welcome. MAR 8-9 (SAT-SUN) BACKPACK IN BLACK FORK WILDERNESS, AK This hike will take us to one of the most unique areas in Arkansas. We'll camp near the ruins of an old pioneer community, visit strange rock glaciers, and hike through a dwarf forest with 200 year old trees less than 20 feet tall. Start all of this off with a decadent Friday night at Queen Wilhelmina Lodge if you sign up early enough to get a room! Other decadent options are available if you don't. Rated moderate. Contact: Mick Nolen [email protected] 972-991-9351(H) Leader: Bill Beach MAR 21-23 (FRI-SUN) EXPLORE THE BOAT ROADS ON CADDO LAKE Canoe or Kayak this fascinating natural lake on the Texas-Louisiana border. We will car camp Friday and Saturday nights at a secluded Texas Parks and Wildlife Management area site. Saturday, we will spent most of the day on the water watching the beavers and other wildlife, lunching on an island and just enjoying the beautiful area. Sunday, we will be out paddling until lunch. Plan to be heading back to Dallas by 2:00PM. Limited canoe rentals are available from an outfitter less than a mile from our campsite. 214-824-4584 (H) MAR 22-23 (SAT-SUN) BEGINNER BACKPACKING TRIP on the CROSS TIMBERS TRAIL This is an easy hike along the surprisingly picturesque south shore of Lake Texoma. We'll drive up on Saturday morning (it's only about 90 miles from Dallas). We'll hike about 3-5 miles on Saturday and a bit less on Sunday. Preference given to participants in the Beginner Backpacking Class. Leader: Arthur Kuehne 214-902-9260 (H) [email protected] BEGINNER BACKPACK Flat landers beginner backpack on the southern half of the Four Cs National Recreation Trail in the Davy Crocket National Forest in east Texas. Five miles each day starting in the Big Slough Wilderness and hike south to Ratcliff Recreation Area. Priority to those attending Beginning Backpacking class. Leader: Laura Kimberly MAR 22-23 (SAT-SUN) FOUR C'S 972-307-8364 [email protected] MAR 28-31 - (FRI-MON) RALLY FOR THE RIDLEY'S CAMPOUT / SANDCASTLE CONTEST Join us for a long weekend in Padre near Corpus Christi. We are currently making arrangements to see the nesting ground of the most endangered sea turtles in the world, the Ridley. We hope to also visit the local aquarium and plan to camp on the beach on Mustang Island Friday and The Compass Saturday. On Sunday and Monday, we will move the camp to an area where Sierrans will meet with other environmentalists for a campout in another location of Padre where we can visit and see where oil companies are attempting to drill in Padre endangering their nesting habitat. There will be a Sandcastle Contest on Sunday with another event planned for Monday. Plans will firm up as we are making arrangements. Must be an experienced camper with your own (or rental) tent / or gear. If people are game, we may extend the trip on either side. Contact: Rita Beving 214-373-3808 972-991-9351 MAR 29-30 (SAT-SUN) BUFFALO NATIONAL RIVER TRAIL BACKPACK Explore the beginnings of the Buffalo National River Trail in northern Arkansas. We'll hike fifteen miles of beautiful trail winding through the hollows and bluffs of this protected area. Hike begins Saturday morning at the Steel Creek Campground on the banks of the Buffalo River. Saturday's travel will be about 9 miles. We will camp Saturday night in one of the many valley hollows that mark this area. Sunday, we will complete the journey by about 2:00 PM. Moderate difficulty due to the ups and downs. Waterfalls, wildlife and great views. Leader: Mick Nolen [email protected] APR 4 (FRI) DEADLINE for submission of outings to be listed in the March Outings List and April Newsletter. 972-991-9351 Contact : Mick Nolen [email protected] OKLAHOMA CHAPTER APR 5-6: BEECH CREEK SERVICE OUTING - Trail Maintenance -Beech Creek National Scenic Area near Big Cedar, OK. Rating: Moderate. Participants will camp at Cedar Lake (showers). Saturday mornig we'll eat a $2 all-you-can-eat group breakfast (pancakes & fruit), be briefed on the trail maintenance issues we'll be facing, trail maintenance techniques we'll be using and get our crew assignments. On Saturday night after showers we'll head in to Mena to eat at the Fish Net. Sunday morning is another $2 allyou-can-eat group breakfast (biscuits & gravy, hash browns) followed by a special activity. Information and a map of the Beech Creek trails can be found at http://www.fs.fed.us/oonf/oklahoma/hike/bctrail.html. Leader: Tom Libby [email protected] 972-964-1871(H) [email protected] APR 5-6 (SAT-SUN) BEGINNER BACKPACK, CANEY CREEK WILDERNESS, AK For years this has been our traditional beginner hike since itís the closest Wilderness Area to Dallas. Hike in about 4 miles for a camp near a nice waterfall. The rerouted trail now boasts a few small hills, but some nice scenery too! Moderate, suitable for most people in good health. Leader: Bill Greer APR 11-13 (FRI-SUN) CAMPING AND MOUNTAIN BIKE RIDING Camp Friday and Saturday nights at the Bar H Breaks Mountain Bike Ranch in St. Joe, TX. This beautiful 1000-acre ranch currently has The Compass over 21 miles of professionally developed mountain bike trails. These trails have been designed to accommodate riders of various abilities. Each trail is clearly marked. Fees are a modest $5.00 per day to ride and $5.00 per night to camp. Directions: Go north on I-35 to Gainsville, turn west on Hwy 82 to St. Jo, turn north on FM 2382, go 4.5 miles, turn left on Count Road 433 (gravel), go one mile to ranch. Leader: Bill Beach 214-824-4584 (H) APR 12-13 (SAT-SUN) BACKPACK TRIP TO BUCKEYE MT / CANEY CREEK Enjoy a spring backpack trip in western Arkansas. This is a favorite of the Sierra Club. We'll backpack a total of about 9 miles. The hike to camp is on a ridge and offers excellent views of the Caney Creek Wilderness. We'll set up camp near a waterfall. Leaders: Marcos Jorge Faith Mauk 972-394-2546 (H) [email protected] APR 12 (SAT) BICYCLE WHITEROCK LAKE TRAIL Meet at 9:00Am in the parking lot on Lawther 100 yards south of Mockingbird Ln. We will be riding about two hours. The out and back feature of this ride allows participants to ride their own pace. When you have been out about an hour, just turn around. Lunch at a nearby eatery. Leader: Bill Beach 214-824-4584 APR 12 (SAT) WHITE ROCK LAKE CLEANUP Help clean up the Dallas Sierra Club's Adopted Shoreline. Meet at the For the Love of the Lake office parking lot on level below Eckerd's in Casa Linda Plaza (on Buckner facing Doctors Hospital, just north of Garland Road, Mapsco 38-J) at 8:00 AM for registration and refreshments. Leader: Carol Nash 214-824-0244 (H) [email protected] APR 13 (SUN) DAYHIKE AT ERWIN PARK IN MCKINNEY Meet at 2:00 PM at Erwin Park for a great 8-mile hike. Short-cuts are available! Dirt trail with ups and downs. Directions: Take US-75 north to Hwy 380 in McKinney (exit 41). Go West 2.5 miles to TX1461. Go North 2.1 miles to County Road 162. Take a right at the sign for Erwin Park on CR 162. Turn right onto CR 164. Turn left at the park sign onto CR 1006.The entrance to Erwin Park is on the right .4 miles. Enter, go left and park at the first parking area. Leader: Stephanie Smith 214-544-1503 APR 13 (SUN) ANNUAL AZALEA DAYHIKE ALONG TURTLE CREEK Leisurely 1.5- or 2-hour walk. Suitable for children in strollers. Meet 2 PM in shopping strip on Oak Lawn (4200 block) just north of Wycliff, but park on side streets. Take Oak Lawn Exit off I35 or Fitzhugh exit off Central Expressway. No reservations needed. Leader: Austin Brouns 214-528-3812 (H) APR 16 (WED) OUTINGS COMMITTEE MEETING Meet in the upstairs program room at REI (on north side of LBJ between Midway and Welch), at 7:00 PM. Bring your ideas for the Dallas Sierra Club Outings program. We will be planning summer outings and bus trips. All outings leaders, future outings leaders, and interested Sierrans welcome. 972-991-9351 (H) Contact: Mick Nolen [email protected] APR 18-20 (FRI-SUN) BACKPACK THE EAGLE CREEK LOOP IN AK We'll take three days to hike one of the best trails in Arkansas. We will hike 8 to 12 miles per day for a total of about 27 miles. You will see the famous falls on the Little Missouri River and cross 9 spectacular mountains. This is the longest loop trail in Arkansas. It was developed along a 100-year-old postal route and old wagon roads. Because of all the mountains, 9 river crossings and numerous creek crossing, this trip is rated as moderately strenuous. Leader: Arthur Kuehne [email protected] 214-902-9260 (H) APR 26 (SAT) FOURTH ANNUAL WORLD'S LONGEST DAYHIKE If you're tough enough, or crazy enough, come and join your fellow Sierrans for a 22-mile dayhike on the White Rock Creek and White Rock Lake trails. Meet at 8:00 AM at the north end of the White Rock Creek trail in Anderson-Bonner Park, on Park Central Drive, just south of I-635 and east of Hillcrest (Mapsco 16-S). Park in the first parking lot south of the I-635 frontage road. We'll hike down to White Rock Lake, around it, and back. Bring your most comfortable walking shoes, Mole Skin, extra socks, water (water and bathrooms are available along the trail), lunch, and rain gear (if rain is in the forecast). We'll make a snack stop at the 7-11 near the White Rock Lake spillway. Optional dinner / funeral / foot replacement after the hike. Leader: Arthur Kuehne [email protected] 214-902-9260 (H) APRIL 26 (SAT) POST OAK PRESERVE CLEANUP Improve your Karma for Earth Day. Help clean up trash at the Dallas County Post Oak Preserve. We will clean up along a trashed-out country road then hike back through the Preserve enjoying the wildflowers and beautiful forest. Bring sturdy gloves as well as water, etc. We will supply the trash and recycling bags. Approx. 4 miles. Meet 9am at the Post Oak Preserve parking lot across from the DISD Environmental Education Center. Optional picnic, tour of EEC and reptile show afterwards. 1600 Bowers Rd. Seagoville 75159. Contact: Carol Nash [email protected] 214-824-0244 MAY 3-4 (SAT-SUN) BEGINNER BACK- WILDERNESS We'll hike about 9 miles total in one of the most beautiful areas of central Arkansas. We will hike along a ridge on the Buckeye Mountain Trail on Saturday, camp near a small waterfall Saturday night and hike out Sunday on the Caney Creek Trail. Leader: Arthur Kuehne 214-902-9260 (H) [email protected] March 2003 PACKING TRIP IN THE CANEY CREEK Sierra Singles Outings On Saturday, MARCH 15 join other Sierrans in a docent led tour of the new Eliot Porter photography exhibit, the Color of Wildness at the Amon Carter Museum in Fort Worth. Porter, a world renowned nature photographer, was a prominent leader in the Sierra Club during the 1960's and published several books in conjunction with the club to publicize preservation of our natural areas. Meet at 11:00 AM at the entrance to the gift shop inside the museum. The Carter Museum is located at 3501 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth 76107. Contact Person: Claudia Blalock, 817-924-6242 or 817-551-8044 (w). For more information, see Carter's website at www.cartermuseum.org On Sunday, MARCH 16 learn about wines at a wine tasting just for single Sierrans at Tony's Wine Warehouse in Dallas at 2904 Oak Lawn (214-5209463) 2:45 - 4:30 PM. This is a fund raiser for the Sierra Club. You will taste approximately 15 different wines and champagne and learn about their characteristics. Optional dinner may be planned afterwards if there is enough interest. You must sign-up and pay in advance for the winetasting by March 10. Please make checks for $20 per person payable to the FORT WORTH SIERRA CLUB and mail to Claudia Blalock, 2905 Benbrook Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76109 (phone 817-924-6242 or [email protected]). On Monday, MARCH 17 at 7:00 p.m. join us for dinner at I Fratelli restaurant, located at 7750 N. Macarthur Blvd. in Irving. Contact: Jenny Lehman. Contact for Sierra Singles information: Jenny Lehman, (817) 263-1357 or [email protected] MAY 3 (SAT) DAYHIKE AT THE DALLAS NATURE CENTER We'll hike 5-miles on dirt trails over hilly terrain. Meet at the DNC visitor center at 10:00AM or meet for car pooling at NorthPark Shopping Center behind Foly's at 9:15AM. This is the N.E. corner of the property near US-75 & Park Ln under the trees. The Nature Center is located 2.5 miles south of I-20 at 7171 Mountain Creek Parkway. Take the Mountain Creek Parkway exit off I-20 (between exits for Spur 408 and FM 1382, in Southwest Dallas County) and continue south. The entrance is on the right just south of where Wheatland Road intersects Mountain Creek Parkway. Bring hiking boots, water, and a change of shoes, if weather warrants. Optional TexMex restaurant lunch afterwards. No reservations necessary, just show up. Leader: Steve Longley 214-824-1128 Page 7 5 Last August, Dallas Sierra Club members sprang into action when they heard that a budget had been proposed which cut the residential recycling program as part of the many cuts proposed to balance their cash strapped budget. Sierrans were interviewed for TV news, put information on their web site, sent e-mails and letters, made phone calls to the mayor and council members, spoke at city hall and town hall meetings, and quickly put together information and an alternate proposal to save and improve recycling and waste management while saving money. This proposal was presented to the Dallas City Council and Mayor Laura Miller at her request. Conservation News www.dallassierraclub.org Dallas Recycling • Update • ent its recommendations the first week of April 2003. Massive outreach and education will be needed to convince some council members and citizens to make the needed changes for more effective, efficient and eco-friendly recycling and waste management in Dallas. We will need volunteers all over Dallas to help make this happen. WE NEED YOU! You don't need to know anything about recycling or garbage or to take much time, you just need an interest in helping make a positive difference. To volunteer, e-mail Molly Rooke at [email protected] or call at 214-369-6667. Thanks to this and to the huge public outcry, including LOTS of calls and e-mails from YOU, the City of Dallas scrapped its proposal to replace the citywide curbside recycling program with a subscription program where those who recycled would pay more than those who didn't. They kept the recycling program in place for the 2002-03 fiscal year, which began October 1. And if you're not already doing so, recycle and encourage your friends and neighbors to recycle! If you need to know more about your recycling day and materials in Dallas see www.timetorecycle.com/dallas.html or call 311. Recycling information for other DFW area cities can also be found at www.timetorecycle.com . Mayor Miller asked that a volunteer task force further study the issue and submit recommendations to her and the Dallas City Council for consideration. The Mayor's Recycling Task Force, including Sierrans and other recycling advocates, has been meeting for several months and will pres- If you missed Ann Drumm's excellent article in the October 2002 Compass, with more background on the 2002 Dallas recycling crisis and efforts, you can read it online in our archives at www.dallassierraclub.org. Molly Rooke Responsible Trade Chair Conservation Calendar MARCH 2-3 (SUNDAY - MONDAY) LOBBY DAY IN AUSTIN Join in on a workshop on how to lobby your local legislator including learning about conservation issues and bills near and dear to Sierra Club and the environmental community. We will then lobby on Monday. To learn more about lodging and the agenda, check our website, call Erin Rogers at the Austin office at 512-477-1725 or Rita Beving at 214-373-3808. MARCH 23 (SUNDAY) NEW!!!! CHINESE FOOD AND CONSERVATION CONVERSATION Join conservation member Zachary Hilbun in an informal chit chat over Chinese food about conservation issues. No set agendas- bring a topic you are concerned about or a recent news clipping to discuss. It's starts at 6 pm at China King Super Buffet on 12909 Midway — that's off Midway and LBJ (ph. 214-575-6017), on the southwest corner by the Interstate We are planning on turning this fun event into a regular monthly event if folks are interested. For more information, call Zach at 214-350-4207. MARCH 28-31 (FRIDAY- MONDAY) RALLY FOR THE RIDLEY'S CAMPOUT / SANDCASTLE CONTEST Join us for a long weekend in Padre near Corpus Christi. We are currently making arrangements to see the nesting ground of the most endangered sea turtles in the world, the Ridley. We hope to also visit the local aquarium and plan to camp on the beach on Mustang Island Friday and Saturday. On Sunday and Monday, we will move the camp to an area where Sierrans will meet with other enviromentalists for a campout in another location of Padre where we can visit and see where oil companies are attempting to drill in Padre endangering their nesting habitat. There will be a Sandcastle Contest on Sunday with another event planned for Monday. Plans will firm up as we are making arrangements. Must be an experienced camper with your own (or rental ) tent/or gear. If people are game, we may extend the trip on either side. To join us for all or part of the weekend, call Rita Beving at 214-373-3808. Advertise in the Compass today! Reach 4,000 of the most enviromentally conscious people in the Metroplex. Call Matt @ 214-575-6017 Dirty air chokes off Toyota facility move to DFW (Partially reprinted from the Ft. Worth Star Telegram) good-sized airport; access to two rail lines; and the political will and economic strength to put together a financial package .....Except for that little matter of air pollution; that was on the pre-screen list, too, and it was a deal-breaker. Well, according to the Ft. Worth Star Telegram, it was because of "Too much air pollution." That's right, bad air isn't just bad for your health and federal roadfunds. It's bad for business, too, and poses a threat to North Texas'economic engine." Did anyone hear that Governor Perry hailing Toyota coming to Texas to open an SUV manufacturing plant in San Antonio? Well, I bet you didn't hear this part. Toyota said they were inspired to come after they went to a Dallas Cowboys game and saw all the SUVs in the parking lot. Hmmmm.... wonder why they didn't come to Dallas / Ft. Worth? Toyota scratched the Metroplex off its shopping list early, the firsttime we've lost a high-profile project strictly because of air quality,according to several economic development officials. Here's a comment from one official concerning our air situation. "If we don't get our act together," said Dan Petty, president of the North Texas Commission, "it could have a catastrophic effect on our economy." Now who says econcomics aren't tied to the environment. Manufacturers have to consider the air pollution issue, too, because it could limit operations here. Some will surely conclude, as Toyota has, that the Metroplex is too risky for their new projects or even plant expansions. Petty said that local officials were gearing up to make a hard sell when they learned that Toyota had rejected the area. Toyota wasn't prohibited from building here. But it may have been forced to buy or trade for emission offsets, a process aimed at preventing the company from making the pollution problem worse. And it may have faced a political backlash from drivers, if the area had to impose tougher emission standards on cars. "It's just not worth the hassle for us," said Dennis Cuneo, a senior vice president who oversees site selection for Toyota in North America. Toyota had a list of pre-screening requirements, and North Texas met most of them easily. For its truck-making plant, it wanted up to 2,000 acres of vacant land; a solid infrastructure of roads and utilities; a According to a North Central Texas Council of Governments display at last year's State Fair of Texas, a typical automobile emits its weight in pollution every 10,000 miles! Clean Air Wednesdays highlights healthy alternatives related to how we get to work, that can significantly impact the quality of our environment, our personal health, and our financial well-being. Ask anyone who's tried it! Last year, recipients of a free month-long DART pass included former club chair John Rath, the manager of a major employees association; Doug Davis, a data operations executive and bike club president; Dr. George Wharton, medical director of a health rehabilitation center; Dianna Clark, an emergency family assistance senior caseworker; Maureen Moore, a preservation society boardmember; and David Gray, a March 2003 Missing out on the Toyota plant was a reminder of the Metroplex's near-miss on Boeing almost two years ago. Boeing's relocation search played out in the news media for months and promised the winner great prestige. But it included only about 300 jobs, with limited spinoff potential -- far less valuable than the Toyota plant. Toyota eliminated any area that violated federal health standards for ozone, which includes Fort Worth-Dallas, Houston and El Paso. That's probably because the painting facilities at most vehicle plants produce emissions that aggravate ozone pollution. Toyota plans to invest $800 million initially -- more than the new RadioShack and Pier 1 headquarters and the American Airlines Center combined -- and use 2,100 construction workers to build the plant. Then it will hire 2,000 plant employees and pay them roughly double the average manufacturing wage. Many of Toyota's workers will be high school graduates earning more than $50,000 a year, before benefits. At least another 5,300 spinoff jobs are expected to be created, and an independent study concluded that new payrolls tied to the plant will reach $8 billion over the next 25 years. DFW could have been a contender. But until we clean up our air, we might have to rethink our assumptions about our "great business climate." By the way, in the meantime, are you all aware of the Bush Administration bulldozing roll backs on air standards for industry, power plants, etc? Their answer is " If there aren't rules, there isn't a problem anymore." Never mind your health or quality of life. If you think this points out how politicians just don't get it locally or nationally about clean air, write them a letter and refer them to this story. Rita Beving Conservation Co-Chair senior software engineer. These were all great examples of individual actions at work! It's our individual decisions to choose lifestyle-alternatives to driving alone that can have the most significant impact on the quality the air we breathe. E-mail submissions to: [email protected] or mail to: Bud Melton, POB 141318, Dallas, TX 75214. Your decision could benefit you more than you imagine! How can you help? Pledge your own personal Clean Air Wednesdays actions at least once each week during the ozoneseason, then provide Dallas Sierra Club with a short article and photo depicting you saving air and money. Each month, one of these submissions will be published here in The Compass, and the lucky low-polluter will receive a free one-month DART pass, compliments of Dallas Area Rapid Transit! The Compass 6 Papaya Grand Theft Bicycle From the Cover minutes, which he said is less time than it takes to negotiate rush hour traffic along the same route. It was a lot easier before he moved to Grapevine seven years ago. have to admire somebody like that." "We used to live in Lewisville, and that was an easy 40 minutes," Mr. Rath said. "When we moved here, I thought, 'I can still do this'. It's only 10 more miles." Mr. Rath's addiction to cycling didn't begin until he was an adult. He's from a large family, which meant a lot of sharing and making do. I grew up in Buffalo, N.Y., one of seven kids,"he said. "I never had a real bike when I was a kid, just some semblance of a real bike. So when I was grown and working, I decided to buy one." When there's a high ozone alert day, I always try to ride my bike, "said Mr. Rath, who is president of the Dallas Sierra club, "I can be part of the problem or not, and I choose not to contribute to the problem." It not only saves on gas. But he gets a break on his car insurance-about $120 annually. From Page 1 Mr. Rath used a standard bike up until about a year ago, when he bought a Pocket Tour bike, which folds up and comes with its own case. The case has wheels and attaches to the back of the bike. So he can pack it with things he needs for the office. Mr. Rath earned a bachelor of arts degree in physical education and recreation from State University of New York, College at Brockport in 1979. He began riding to work about 1988, he said, in part because he hates traffic but also to help the environment. His wife, Debbie Rath, used to think her husband was a little crazy but now accepts his cycling endeavors as part of who he is. She and their children, 6-year old Sarah and 2-year old Charlie, sometimes join him on weekend rides using a card for the little ones. "He used to wear a sigh that said, 'Ozone Alert Day', And I was afraid some road rage guy would be up ahead waiting for him." She said. "But he doesn't wear it anymore. I think I hid the sign somewhere so he can't find it" Once at work, he showers in the employee fitness center where he keeps several changes of clothes. His boss, Sam Frenkil, said Mr. Rath's dedication to cycling fits with his job. Mr. Rath used to routinely pass Mr. Frenkil when the two lived about a mile apart in Lewisville. In fact, Mr. Rath said he could beat almost any car during rush hour, which he avoids even when he can't ride his bike. He'll Leave work before dawn and stay late at work rather than sit in traffic in his 1984 Nissan Sentra station wagon, which has logged about 160,000 miles. John manages our employees' association, which includes the fitness center, so this throws out a challenge to everybody to think about fitness and ways to attain it," said Mr. Frenkil, director of facilities and corporate services, "Yeah, there are some people who think John is crazy-until he passes them on the road and gets home before they do." To get started, he estimated it would take about $500 for a standard bike, a patchwork kit should a tire blow out, a helmet, a water bottle and other needs. "I was tired and had my head down, and I hit a parked truck that had broken down," Mr., Rath said. "I hit my shoulder and landed on my knee. But I was OK. Mrs. Rath, a special education teacher at Southlake High School, said she doesn't really worry about Mr. Rath commuting by bicycle- at least not any more. His bike is considered a vehicle, which gives him title to the road, he said, but he uses the wide shoulder on Highway 121 as much as possible.The worst problem he ever encountered was one of his own making. Shane Lewis, manager of the Grapevine Bike Center, said Mr. Rath is one of about four customers who ride to work. But none have as long a commute as Mr. Rath, who pedals past the shop on his way to and from the job. He once tried using a headset to listen to the radio on his bike, but found it too distraction. It kept him from enjoying the birds and the green grass, he said. And yes, there are days when Mr. Rath has to force himself to get up and climb on his bike. "Most commuters who use their bikes are within five to ten miles of their office, so he commutes longer than most," Mr. Lewis said. I see him go by almost every day. You "I think, Do I really want to do this?" But I know if I can do it, the rest of the day is going to be a piece of cake," he said. "And when I get to work, I've got the best parking space right outside the front door." The Compass are pesticidal traits (plant incorporated protectants) regulated by EPA, not by FDA." GAO seems to be woefully misinformed about the safety assessment of GM crops, and may have modeled itself after giant accounting corporations such as RD Anderson. So, I was sent off to EPA, and guess what I found. The EPA's public information stated that coat protein of papaya ringspot virus and the genetic material necessary for its production had been granted "an exemption from the requirement of tolerance" [4] in 1997, which essentially means it is exempt from safety assessment, based on the belief that the material was safe for consumption by humans and animals. No mention was made of recent study on the amino acid sequence of the virus protein. For its part, the USDA APHIS also awarded Sunset Papaya a non-regulated status [5] in 1996, because the reviewers believed that the GM crop was not harmful. This is a wakeup call for Congress and the public everywhere, who may have been misled into believing that GM food is the most strictly regulated of all foods, and that the US regulatory system is the best in the world. 1. Tennant P, Fermin G, Fitch M, Manshardt R, Slighton J and Gonsalves D. Papaya ringspot resistance of transgenic Rainbow and SunUp is affected by gene dosage, plant development, and coat protein homology. European Journal of Plant Pathology 2001, 107, 645-53. 3. United States General Accounting Office Report to Congressional Requesters "Genetically Modified Foods" GAO-02-566 May 2002. 2. Kleter G and Peijnenburg A. Screening of transgenic proteins expressed in transgenic food crops for the presence of short amino acid sequences identical to potential, IgE-binding linear epitopes of allergens. BMC Structural Biology 2002, 2, 8-19. 4. Rules and Regulations. Coat protein of Papaya Ringspot Virus and the Genetic Material Necessary for its Production; Exemption From the Requirement of a Tolerance. Federal Register August 22,1997 62, 44572-75. 214-824-4584 (H) MAY 23-27 (FRI-TUE) MEMORIAL DAY BUS TRIP to the GILA WILDERNESSJoin bus trip to the Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument in southwest New Mexico. If you want a leisurely Memorial Day, you can camp right where the bus drops you and enjoy short hikes to cliff dwellings and hot springs, or you might choose easy to moderate backpack trips to camp in meadows or mesas. Serious hikers will be able to traverse rivers, forests, and mesas, seeing glorious scenery and back country hot springs. Our chartered sleeper bus will leave Dallas at 4:30 PM on Friday, May 23 and return at about 5:00 AM on Tuesday, May 27. More details to come. Contact: Mick Nolen [email protected] SEP 7-12 (SUN-FRI) HIGH SIERRA FLYFISHING The search of the elusive California golden trout requires a strenuous backpack trip of about 35 miles in the Ansel Adams Wilderness. Brookies, rainbows and browns will also be sought. This flyfishing trip is from Devil Post Pile to Tuolumne Meadows on the JMT. The trip is rated as strenuous and is only for those who have had extended backpack trips in bear country. Bear resistant canisters are required for food storage. A California nonresident fishing license and trout stamp is required for angling. There is a nonrefundable fee of $5.00 for the wilderness permit. The check must be received by FEB 21, 2003 to meet the permit deadline. The trip is limited to 6 experienced backpackers. Contact the leaders who will determine if you qualify for the trip. Leaders: Marcos Jorge Steve Longley 972-394-2546 (H) [email protected] 5. USDA-APHIS Petition 96-051-01P for the determination of nonregulated status for transgenic sunset papaya Lines 55-1 and 63-1 Finding of No Significant Impact September 1996. OCT 10-19 (FRI-SUN) KAYAK THE LOWER CANYON OF THE RIO GRANDE Spend eight days exploring this remote stretch of the Rio Grande, put in at La Linda and take out at Dryden. We will hike side canyons, explore caves, view petroglyphs, soak in hot springs and maybe run some rapids (class II-III). This is an isolated area. The only way out is down the river. The trip distance is approximately 84 beautiful miles. Multi-day kayak experience is required. The group size will be small. Sign up early. Leader: Bill Beach March 2003 7

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Contact FVG GmbH & Co. KG Daimlerstraße 17 D 27793 Wildeshausen Tel: +49 (0) 44 31 – 74818 – 0 Fax: +49 (0) 44 31 – 74818 – 20 Mail: [email protected] www.fvg-fahrzeugbau.com Map Load factor (maximum) 4x 3x 2x Technical specification Length TU/Trailer ~6.116 mm / ~9.500 mm Height TU/Trailer from ~950 mm / ab ~870 mm Width TU/Trailer ~2.550 mm / ~2.550 mm Body weight TU/Trailer from ~1.300 kg / ~6.700 kg Total weight TU/Trailer ~18 t – 24 t / ~25 t TruckLiner The giant for truck-transport • Optimal adjustment of frame • Maximum payload and loading height • Long lifetime • High efficiency • Flexible platforms, lowered load tracks FVG - Our company: We are your specialist for the construction of vehicles for the transport of rolling cargo. We will advise you in implementing your specific vehicle requirements. Adherence to delivery and good customer service are self evident. Take advantage of our innovative ideas and new products!

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Detecting the Moment of Learning Ryan S.J.d. Baker\textsuperscript{1}, Adam B. Goldstein\textsuperscript{2}, Neil T. Heffernan\textsuperscript{2} \textsuperscript{1} Department of Social Science and Policy Studies, Worcester Polytechnic Institute 100 Institute Road, Worcester MA 01609, USA [email protected] \textsuperscript{2} Department of Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute 100 Institute Road, Worcester MA 01609, USA [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. Intelligent tutors have become increasingly accurate at detecting whether a student knows a skill at a given time. However, these models do not tell us exactly at which point the skill was learned. In this paper, we present a machine-learned model that can assess the probability that a student learned a skill at a specific problem step (instead of at the next or previous problem step). Implications for knowledge tracing and potential uses in “discovery with models” educational data mining analyses are discussed, including analysis of which skills are learned gradually, and which are learned in “eureka” moments. Keywords: Educational Data Mining, Bayesian Knowledge Tracing, Student Modeling, Intelligent Tutoring Systems 1 Introduction In recent years, educational data mining and knowledge engineering methods have led to increasingly precise models of students’ knowledge as they use intelligent tutoring systems. The first stage in this progression was the development of Bayes Nets and Bayesian frameworks that could infer the probability that a student knew a specific skill at a specific time from their pattern of correct responses and non-correct responses (e.g. errors and hint requests) up until that time [cf. 13, 18, 25]. In recent years, a second wave of knowledge modeling has emerged, which attempts to predict student knowledge more precisely based on information beyond just correctness. Beck et al [8] differentiated help requests from errors – however, doing so did not significantly improve predictive power. Baker, Corbett, & Aleven [3, 4] extended Bayesian Knowledge Tracing with contextualized estimation of the probability that the student guessed or slipped, leading to better prediction of future correctness. More recent work has suggested that the exact framework from [3, 4] leads to poorer prediction of post-test scores, but that information on contextual slip can be used in other fashions to predict post-test scores more precisely than existing methods [6]. Other knowledge tracing frameworks have attempted to model performance on problems or problem steps that involve multiple skills at the same time [cf. 21, 22], and have focused on predicting a student’s speed of response in addition to just correctness [cf. 20]. Creating more precise models of student learning has several benefits. First of all, to the extent that student practice is assigned based on knowledge assessments [cf. more precise knowledge models will result in better tailoring of practice to individual student needs [cf. 10]. Second, models of student knowledge have become an essential component in the development of models of student behavior within intelligent tutoring systems, forming key components of models of many constructs, including models of appropriate help use [1], gaming the system [5, 27], and off-task behavior [2, 11]. More precise knowledge models can form a more reliable component in these analyses, and reduce the noise in these models. However, while these extensions to educational data mining have created the potential for more precise assessment of student knowledge at a specific time, these models do not tell us *when* the knowledge was acquired. In this paper, we will introduce a model that can infer the probability that a student learned a skill at a specific step during the problem-solving process. Note that this probability is *not* equal to P(T) in standard Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (a full explanation will be given later in this paper). Creating a model that can infer this probability will create the potential for new types of analyses of student learning, as well as making existing types of analyses easier to conduct. For example, this type of approach may allow us to study the differences between gradual learning (such as strengthening of a memory association [cf. 20]) and learning given to “eureka” moments, where a skill is suddenly understood [cf. 17]. Do different skills lead to each type of learning? To give another example, studying which items are most effective (and in which order they are most effective) [cf. 9, 23] will be facilitated with the addition of a concrete numerical measure of immediate learning. Similarly, studying the relationship between behavior and immediate learning is more straightforward with a concrete numerical measure of immediate learning. Prior methods for studying these relationships have required either looking only at the single next performance opportunity [cf. 12], a fairly coarse learning measure, or have required interpreting the difference between model parameters in Bayesian Knowledge Tracing [cf. 8], a non-trivial statistical task. Creating models of the moment of learning may even enable distinctions between behaviors associated with immediate learning and behaviors associated with learning later on, and enable identification of the antecedents of later learning. For example, perhaps some types of help lead to better learning, but the difference is only seen after additional practice has occurred. In the following sections, we will present an approach for labeling data in terms of student immediate learning, a machine-learned model of student immediate learning (and indicators of goodness of fit), and an example of the type of “discovery with models” analysis that this type of model enables. In that analysis, we will investigate whether learning is differentially “spiky” between different skills, with learning occurring abruptly for some skills, and more gradually for other skills. ## 2 Data The analyses discussed in this paper are conducted on data from 232 students’ use of a Cognitive Tutor curriculum for middle school mathematics [16], during the 2002-2003 school year. All of the students were enrolled in mathematics classes in one middle school in the Pittsburgh suburbs which used Cognitive Tutors two days a week. as part of their regular mathematics curriculum, year round. None of the classes were composed predominantly of gifted or special needs students. The students were in the 6th, 7th, and 8th grades (approximately 12-14 years old), but all used the same curriculum (it was an advanced curriculum for 6th graders, and a remedial curriculum for 8th graders). Each of these students worked through a subset of 35 different lessons within the Cognitive Tutor curriculum, covering a diverse selection of material from the middle school mathematics curriculum. Middle school mathematics, in the United States, generally consists of a diverse collection of topics, and these students’ work was representative of that diversity, including lessons on combinatorics, decimals, diagrams, 3D geometry, fraction division, function generation and solving, graph interpretation, probability, and proportional reasoning. These students made 581,785 transactions (either entering an answer or requesting a hint) on 171,987 problem steps covering 253 skills. 290,698 additional transactions were not included in either these totals or in our analyses, because they were not labeled with skills, information needed to apply Bayesian Knowledge Tracing. 3 Detecting the Moment of Learning In this paper, we introduce a model that predicts the probability that a student has learned a specific skill at a specific problem step. We refer to this probability as $P(J)$, short for “Just Learned”. This model is developed using a procedure structurally similar to that in [3, 4], using a two-step process. First, predictions of student knowledge from standard Bayesian Knowledge Tracing are combined with data from future correctness and applications of Bayes’ Theorem. This process generates labels of the probability that a student learned a skill at a specific problem step. Then a model is trained, using a broader feature set with absolutely no data from the future, to predict the labeled data. 3.1 Labeling Process The first step of our process is to label each first student action on a step in the data set with the probability that the student learned the skill at that time, to serve as inputs to a machine learning algorithm. We label each student problem step ($N$) with the probability that the student learned the skill at that step. Specifically, our working definition of “learning at step $N$” is learning the skill between the instant after the student enters their first answer for step $N$, and the instant that the student enters their first answer for step $N+1$. We label step $N$ using information about the probability the student knew the skill before answering on step $N$ (from Bayesian Knowledge Tracing) and information on performance on the two following steps ($N+1$, $N+2$). Using data from future actions gives information about the true probability that the student learned the skill during the actions at step $N$. For instance, if the student probably did not know the skill at step $N$ (according to Bayesian Knowledge Tracing), but the first attempts at steps $N+1$ and $N+2$ are correct, it is relatively likely that the student learned the skill at step Correspondingly, if the first attempts to answer steps $ N+1 $ and $ N+2 $ are incorrect, it is relatively unlikely that the student learned the skill at step $ N $. We assess the probability that the student learned the skill at step $ N $, given information about the actions at steps $ N+1 $ and $ N+2 $ (which we term $ A_{+1+2} $), as: \[ P(J) = P(\sim L_n \land T | A_{+1+2}) \] Note that this probability is assessed as $ P(\sim L_n \land T) $, the probability that the student did not know the skill and learned it, rather than $ P(T) $. Within Bayesian Knowledge Tracing, the semantic meaning of $ P(T) $ is actually $ P(T | \sim L_n) $: $ P(T) $ is the probability that the skill will be learned, if it has not yet been learned. $ P(T) $'s semantics, while highly relevant for some research questions [cf. 8, 16], are not an indicator of the probability that a skill was learned at a specific moment. This is because the probability that a student learned a skill at a specific step can be no higher than the probability that they do not currently know it. $ P(T) $, however, can have any value between 0 and 1 at any time. For low values of $ P(L_n) $, $ P(T) $ will approximate the probability that the student just learned the skill $ P(J) $, but for high values of $ P(L_n) $, $ P(T) $ can take on extremely high values even though the probability that the skill was learned at that moment is very low. We can find $ P(J) $'s value with a function using Bayes’ Rule: \[ P(\sim L_n \land T | A_{+1+2}) = \frac{P(A_{+1+2} | \sim L_n \land T) * P(\sim L_n \land T)}{P(A_{+1+2})} \] The base probability $ P(\sim L_n \land T) $ can be computed fairly simply, using the student’s current value for $ P(\sim L_n) $ from Bayesian Knowledge Tracing, and the Bayesian Knowledge Tracing model’s value of $ P(T) $ for the current skill: \[ P(\sim L_n \land T) = P(\sim L_n)P(T) \] The probability of the actions at time $ N+1 $ and $ N+2 $, $ P(A_{+1+2}) $, is computed as a function of the probability of the actions given each possible case (the skill was already known, the skill was unknown but was just learned, or the skill was unknown and was not learned), and the contingent probabilities of each of these cases. \[ P(A_{+1+2}) = P(A_{+1+2} | L_n)P(L_n) + P(A_{+1+2} | \sim L_n \land T)P(\sim L_n \land T) \\ + P(A_{+1+2} | \sim L_n \land \sim T)P(\sim L_n \land \sim T) \] The probability of the actions at time $ N+1 $ and $ N+2 $, in each of these three cases, is a function of the Bayesian Knowledge Tracing model’s probabilities for guessing ($ G $), slipping ($ S $), and learning the skill ($ T $). Correct answers are notated with a $ C $ and non-correct answers (e.g. errors or help requests) are notated with a $ \sim C $. \[ P(A_{+1+2} = C, C | L_n) = P(\sim S)^2 \quad P(A_{+1+2} = C, \sim C | L_n) = P(S)P(\sim S) \\ P(A_{+1+2} = \sim C, C | L_n) = P(S)P(\sim S) \quad P(A_{+1+2} = \sim C, \sim C | L_n) = P(S)^2 \\ P(A_{+1+2} = C, C | \sim L_n \land T) = P(\sim S)^2 \quad P(A_{+1+2} = C, \sim C | \sim L_n \land T) = P(S)P(\sim S) \\ P(A_{+1+2} = \sim C, C | \sim L_n \land T) = P(S)P(\sim S) \quad P(A_{+1+2} = \sim C, \sim C | \sim L_n \land T) = P(S)^2 \\ P(A_{+1+2} = C, C | \sim L_n \land \sim T) = P(G)P(\sim T)P(G) + P(G)P(T)P(\sim S) \] \[ P(A_{1+1,2} = C, \sim C | \sim L_n, \sim T) = P(G)P(\sim T)P(\sim G) + P(G)P(T)P(S) \] \[ P(A_{1+1,2} = \sim C, C | \sim L_n, \sim T) = P(\sim G)P(\sim T)P(G) + P(\sim G)P(T)P(\sim S) \] \[ P(A_{1+1,2} = \sim C, \sim C | \sim L_n, \sim T) = P(\sim G)P(\sim T)P(\sim G) + P(\sim G)P(T)P(S) \] Once each action is labeled with estimates of the probability $P(J)$ that the student learned the skill at that time, we use these labels to create machine-learned models that can accurately predict $P(J)$ at run-time. The original labels of $P(J)$ were developed using future knowledge, but the machine-learned models predict $P(J)$ using only data about the action itself (no future data). ### 3.2 Features For each problem step, we used a set of 25 features describing the first action on problem step $N$. The features used in the final model are shown in Table 1. 23 of those features were previously distilled to use in the development of contextual models of guessing and slipping [cf. 3, 4]. These features had in turn been used in prior work to develop automated detectors of off-task behavior [2] and gaming the system [5]. The 24\textsuperscript{th} and 25\textsuperscript{th} features were used in prior models of gaming the system and off-task behavior, but not in prior contextual models of guessing and slipping. These features are the probability that the student knew the skill before the first attempt on action $N$, $P(L_{n-1})$, and the probability that the student knew the skill after the first attempt on action $N$, $P(L_n)$. There are some arguments against including these features, as $P(\sim L_n)$ is part of the construct being predicted, $P(\sim L_n \land T)$. However, the goal of this model is to determine the probability of learning, moment-by-moment, and the students’ current and previous knowledge levels, as assessed by Bayesian Knowledge Tracing, are useful information towards this goal. In addition, other parameters in the model will be more interpretable if these terms are included. Without these terms, it would be difficult to determine if a parameter was predicting $T$ or $\sim L_n$. With these terms, we can have greater confidence that parameters are predictive of learning (not just whether the skill was previously unknown), because $L_n$ is already accounted for in the model. However, in accordance with potential validity concerns stemming from including $P(L_{n-1})$ and $P(L_n)$ in the model, we will also present goodness-of-fit statistics from a model not including these features. While it is possible that features tailored to researchers’ intuitions of what sorts of behaviors ought to predict moment-to-moment learning might perform better than these re-used features, the repeated utility of these features in model after model suggests that these features capture constructs of general applicability. Nonetheless, it will be valuable to consider additional features in future models of $P(J)$. An additional aspect to consider with regards to the features is which actions the features are distilled for. As these features involve the first action at problem step $N$, they represent the student’s behavior at the moment right before learning, more than the student’s behavior exactly at the moment of learning (which takes place in our model after the first action of problem step $N$ and before the first action of problem step $N+1$, as previously discussed). As such, the model’s features should perhaps be interpreted as representing immediate antecedents of the moment of learning, as opposed to the exact characteristics of the moment of learning itself. Despite this limitation of our feature set, the model is still accurate at identifying the moment of learning (as discussed below). However, extending the model with a new set of features relevant to subsequent actions on problem step $N$ (e.g. the second action to the last action) may improve model accuracy and interpretability. ### 3.3 Machine Learning Given the labels and the model features for each student action within the tutor, two machine-learned models of $P(J)$ were developed. As discussed above, one model used all 25 features, the other model only used the 23 features from [3, 4]. Linear regression was conducted within RapidMiner [19]. All reported validation is batch 6-fold cross-validation, at the student level (e.g. detectors are trained on five groups of students and tested on a sixth group of students). By cross-validating at this level, we increase confidence that detectors will be accurate for new groups of students. Linear Regression was tried both on the original feature sets and on interaction terms of the features; slightly better cross-validated performance was obtained for the original feature sets, and therefore we will focus on the models obtained from this approach. ### 3.4 Results The model with 25 features, shown in Table 1, achieved a correlation of 0.446 to the labels, within 6-fold student-level cross-validation. The model with only 23 features achieved a weaker correlation of 0.301. We can compute the statistical significance of the difference in correlation in a way that accounts for the non-independence between students, by computing a test of the significance of the difference between two correlation coefficients for correlated **Table 1.** The machine learned model of the probability of learning at a specific moment. In the unusual case where output values fall outside the range {0,1}, they are bounded to 0 or 1. | Feature | $P(J) =$ | |------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------| | Answer is correct | - 0.0023 | | Answer is incorrect | + 0.0023 | | Action is a help request | - 0.00391 | | Response is a string | + 0.01213 | | Response is a number | + 0.01139 | | Time taken (SD faster (-) / slower (+) than avg across all students) | + 0.00018 | | Time taken in last 3 actions (SD off avg across all students) | + 0.000077 | | Total number of times student has gotten this skill wrong total | - 0.000073 | | Number of times student requested help on this skill, divided by number of problems | - 0.00711 | | Number of times student made errors on this skill, divided by number of problems | + 0.0013 | | Total time taken on this skill so far (across all problems), in seconds | + 0.0000047 | | Number of last 5 actions which involved same interface element | - 0.00081 | | Number of last 8 actions that involved a help request | + 0.00137 | | Number of last 5 actions that were wrong | + 0.00080 | | At least 3 of last 5 actions involved same interface element & were wrong | - 0.037 | | Number of opportunities student has already had to use current skill | - 0.0000075 | | F24: The probability the student knew the skill, after the current action ($L_n$) | - 0.053 | | F25: The probability the student knew the skill, before the current action ($L_{n-1}$) | + 0.00424 | | Constant Term | + 0.039 | samples [cf. 14] for each student, and then aggregating across students using Stouffer’s Z [23]. According to this test, the difference between the two models is highly statistically significant, $Z=116.51$, $p<0.0001$. Although correlation was acceptable, one limitation of this model is that it tended to underestimate values of $P(J)$ that were relatively high in the original labels. While these values remained higher than the rest of the data (hence the model’s reasonable correlation to the labels), they were lower, in absolute terms, than the original labels. This problem could be addressed by weighting the (rarer) high values more heavily during model-fitting, although this approach would likely reduce overall correlation. As with any multiple-parameter linear regression model (and most other model frameworks as well), interpretability of the meaning of any parameter in specific is not entirely straightforward. This is because every parameter must be considered in the context of all of the other parameters – often a feature’s sign can flip based on the other parameters in the model. Hence, significant caution should be taken before attempting to interpret specific parameters as-is. It is worth noting that approaches that attempt to isolate specific single features [cf. 8] are significantly more interpretable than the internal aspects of a multiple parameter regression model such as this one. It is also worth remembering that these features apply to the first action of problem step $N$ whereas the labels pertain to the student’s learning between the first action of problem step $N$ and the first action of problem step $N+1$. Hence, the features of this model can be interpreted more as representing the antecedents of the moment of learning than as representing the moment of learning itself – though they do accurately predict the moment of learning. One interesting aspect of this model (and the original labels) is that the overall chance of learning a skill on any single step is relatively low within this tutor. However, there are specific circumstances where learning is higher. Many of these circumstances correlate to time spent, and the student’s degree of persistence in attempting to respond. Larger numbers of past errors appear to predict more current learning than larger numbers of past help requests, for instance. This result appears at a surface level to be in contrast to the findings from [8], but is potentially explained by the difference between learning from requesting help once – the grain-size studied in [8] – and learning from requesting the same help sequence many times. It may be that learning from errors [cf. 26] is facilitated by making more errors, but that learning from help does not benefit from reading the same help multiple times. 4 Studying the Spikiness of Student Learning A key way that the model presented here can be scientifically useful is through its predictions, as components in other analyses. Machine-learned models of gaming the system, off-task behavior, and contextual slip have proven useful as components in many other analyses [cf. 2, 12, 27]. Models of the moment of student learning may turn out to be equally useful. One research area that models of the moment of student learning may shed light on is the differences between gradual learning (such as strengthening of a memory association [cf. 20]) and learning given to “eureka” moments, where a skill is understood suddenly [cf. 17]. Predictions of momentary learning for a specific student and skill can be plotted, and graphs which are “spiky” (e.g. which have sudden peaks of learning) can be distinguished from flatter graphs, which indicate more gradual learning. Examples of students experiencing gradual learning and eureka learning are shown in Figure 1. Note that the graph on the left in Figure 1 shows two spikes, rather than just one spike, a fairly common pattern in our data. Understanding why some spiky graphs have two spikes, and others have just one, will be an important area for future investigation. The degree to which learning involves a eureka moment can be quantified through a measure of “spikiness”, defined as the maximum value of $P(J)$ for a student/skill pair, divided by the average value of $P(J)$ for that same student/skill pair. This measure of spikiness is bounded between 1 (minimum spikiness) and positive infinity (maximum spikiness). Spikiness may be influenced by the number of opportunities to practice a skill, as more opportunities may (by random variation) increase the potential maximum value of $P(J)$. Therefore, to compare spikiness between skills, we only consider skills practiced at least 6 times, and only consider the first 20 steps relevant to that skill. Spikiness values range for skills between \{1.12, 113.52\}, M=8.55, SD=14.62. A valuable area of future work would be to study what characterizes the skills that have high spikiness and low spikiness. Spikiness values range for students between \{2.22, 21.81\}, M=6.81, SD=3.09, considerably less spikiness (on the whole) than the differences in spikiness seen between skills. Interestingly, however, a student’s spikiness is a good predictor of their final knowledge; the correlation between a student’s average final $P(L_n)$ and their average spikiness is a very high 0.71, which is statistically significantly different than chance, F(1,228)=230.19, p<0.0001. This result suggests that learning spikes may be an early predictor of whether a student is going to achieve good learning of specific material. 5 Discussion and Conclusions In this paper, we have presented a first model of $P(J)$, the probability that a student learned a specific skill on a specific opportunity to practice and learn that skill. Though this model builds off of past attempts to contextualize student modeling [e.g., 3, 4] and to study the impact of different events on learning [e.g., 8, 23], this model is distinct from prior models of student learning, focusing on assessing the likelihood of learning on individual problem steps. We show that the model achieves acceptable correlation to the labels of this construct; there is still considerable room for improvement, potentially achievable through broadening the feature set. We also show that the model’s assessments of $P(J)$ can be used to distill a secondary measure, the “spikiness” of learning, defined as the maximum momentary learning, divided by the average momentary learning. We find that a student’s spikiness is an excellent predictor of their final knowledge, and that skills have greater variance in spikiness than students. Studying which aspects of skills predicts spikiness may be a valuable tool for further research into what types of skills are learned gradually or through “eureka” experiences. In addition, given the correlation between spikiness and final knowledge, models of $P(J)$ are likely to prove useful for student knowledge modeling, as contextual guess and slip have been [e.g., 3, 4], and in the long term may lead to more effective adaptation by Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Acknowledgements. This research was supported via NSF grant award number DGE0742503, by the Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center, NSF award number SBE-0836012, and by U.S. Department of Education program grant #R305A070440. References 1. Aleven, V., McLaren, B., Roll, I., Koedinger, K.: Toward meta-cognitive tutoring: A model of help seeking with a Cognitive Tutor. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Education, 16, 101-128 (2006). 2. Baker, R.S.J.d. Modeling and Understanding Students’ Off-Task Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. In: Proc. ACM CHI: Computer-Human Interaction, 1059-1068 (2007). 3. Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Aleven, V.: More Accurate Student Modeling Through Contextual Estimation of Slip and Guess Probabilities in Bayesian Knowledge Tracing. In: Proc. of the 9th Int’l Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 406-415 (2008). 4. Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Aleven, V.: Improving Contextual Models of Guessing and Slipping with a Truncated Training Set. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 67-76 (2008). 5. Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., Roll, I., Koedinger, K.R.: Developing a Generalizable Detector of When Students Game the System. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 18 (3), 287-314 (2008). 6. Baker, R.S.J.d., Corbett, A.T., et. al.: Contextual Slip and Prediction of Student Performance After Use of an Intelligent Tutor. Article under review. 7. Baker, R., Walonoski, J., Heffernan, N., Roll, I., Corbett, A., Koedinger, K.: Why Students Engage in "Gaming the System" Behavior in Interactive Learning Environments. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 19 (2), 185-224 (2008). 8. Beck, J.E., Chang, K-m., Mostow, J., Corbett, A.: Does Help Help? Introducing the Bayesian Evaluation and Assessment Methodology. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 383-394 (2008). 9. Beck, J.E., Mostow, J. How who should practice: using learning decomposition to evaluate the efficacy of different types of practice for different types of students. In: Proc. of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 353-362 (2008). 10. Cen, H., Koedinger, K.R., Junker, B: Is Over Practice Necessary? Improving Learning Efficiency with the Cognitive Tutor. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education. 11. Cetintas, S., Si, L., Xin, Y.P., Hord, C., Zhang, D.: Learning to Identify Students’ Off-Task Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 701-703 (2009). 12. Cocca, M., Hershkowitz, A., Baker, R.S.J.d.: The Impact of Off-task and Gaming Behaviors on Learning: Immediate or Aggregate? In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 507-514 (2009). 13. Corbett, A.T., Anderson, J.R.: Knowledge Tracing: Modeling the Acquisition of Procedural Knowledge. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 4, 253-278 (1995). 14. Ferguson, G.A.: Statistical Analysis in Psychology and Education. New York: McGraw-Hill (1971). 15. Gong, Y., Rai, D., Beck, J., Heffernan, N.: Does Self-Discipline Impact Students’ Knowledge and Learning? Proc. Of the 2nd International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 61-70 (2009). 16. Koedinger, K.R.: Toward evidence for instructional principles: Examples from Cognitive Tutor Math 6. In: Proceedings of PME-NA XXXIII (the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education) (2002). 17. Lindstrom, P., Gulz, A.: Catching Eureka on the Fly. In: Proceedings of the AAAI 2008 Spring Symposium (2008). 18. Martin, J., VanLehn, K.: Student Assessment Using Bayesian Nets. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 42, 575-591 (1995). 19. Mierswa, I., Wurst, M., Klinkenberg, R., Scholz, M., Euler, T.: YALE: Rapid Prototyping for Complex Data Mining Tasks. In: Proc. of the 12th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD 2006), 935-940 (2006) 20. Pavlik, P.I., Anderson, J.R.: Using a Model to Compute the Optimal Schedule of Practice. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 14 (2), 101-117 (2008). 21. Pavlik, P.I., Cen, H., Koedinger, K.R.: Performance Factors Analysis – A New Alternative to Knowledge Tracing. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, 531-538 (2009). 22. Pardos, Z., Beck, J.E., Ruiz, C., Heffernan, N.T.: The Composition Effect: Conjunctive or Compensatory? An Analysis of Multi-Skill Math Questions in ITS. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Educational Data Mining, 147-156 (2008). 23. Pardos, Z., Heffernan, N.: Determining the Significance of Item Order in Randomized Problem Sets. In: Proc. of the 1st Int'l. Conf. on Educational Data Mining, 111-120 (2009). 24. Rosenthal, R., Rosnow, R.L.: Essentials of Behavioral Research: Methods and Data Analysis (2nd Edition). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill (1991). 25. Shute, V.J.: SMART: Student modeling approach for responsive tutoring. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 5 (1), 1-44 (1995). 26. VanLehn, K., Siler, S., Murray, C., et. al.: Why Do Only Some Events Cause Learning During Human Tutoring. Cognition and Instruction, 21 (3), 209-249 (2003). 27. Walonoski, J.A., Heffernan, N.T.: Detection and analysis of off-task gaming behavior in intelligent tutoring systems. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 382-391 (2006).

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COMMUNICATION Negotiating Agreements in Multi-party, Multi-issue Contexts BY DR. EVAN HOFFMAN, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF APPLIED NEGOTIATION The initial hope and eventual failure of the recent climate talks in Copenhagen are illustrative of the difficulty of reaching an agreement in complex negotiations between numerous actors. Clearly, multi-party talks such as the ones in Copenhagen make reaching an agreement a more complicated task than in bilateral talks, and this task becomes all the more difficult if there is also more than one issue under consideration. Multi-party, multi-issue negotiations involve those situations in which there are multiple actors, each pursuing his or her distinct (usually divergent) agendas on a number of different topics or issues. This makes for a unique negotiating www.publicsectordigest.com Summer 2010 Photo: Alexandre Duret-Lutz Public Sector Digest 39 " " Consequently, the potential for conflict, and even violence, can be very high. environment that calls for a different negotiating strategy in order to reach an agreement. Some examples of these types of negotiations include Moldova's recent negotiations to join the European Union (EU), nearly any peace talks aimed at ending wars, and most environmental disputes. process and any expectations related to probable outcomes. Prior to investing time, money, and other resources into the process, parties would be well-advised to critically assess whether the proposed negotiation process is the right one for addressing the dispute, and more fundamentally, whether they should even have a role in the negotiations. Perhaps a party will determine that it will need to enter the process only at a later point, once other key milestones have been reached. Taking the time to asses this prior to entering the negotiations can save a party resources that may otherwise be wasted in a flawed, inadequate, or even unnecessary negotiating process. If it is determined wise to proceed, a party can then move onto the additional preparatory steps listed below. Aside from the high-visibility of these disputes and the resulting increased media attention, these types of disputes can also often be emotionally charged. That is, the disputing parties will likely be very impassioned about the dispute and emotionally invested in its outcome. Consequently, the potential for conflict, and even violence, can be very high. Sometimes, in these types of disputes, even the smallest development can trigger an outbreak of violence, as was seen in the Oka crisis when the announcement of plans to proceed with a new golf course resulted in an armed stand-off between the Mohawk community and the police. Governments at all levels are often faced with addressing multiparty, multi-issue disputes. Many of these disputes have a public policy or high profile public dimension. For example, most land claims or fishing rights disputes will involve a number of different government agencies from multiple levels. As will disputes over cases of alleged large-scale and/or institutionalized physical or sexual abuse, such as was seen in Cornwall, Ontario, a few years ago when abuse allegations lead to the Cornwall Inquiry. Moreover, there will likely be a number of nongovernmental organizations, community groups, business owners and other parties involved in the dispute as well. Taken together, these features of multi-party, multi-issue disputes can increase the pressure on all of the parties to reach an agreement that is acceptable to everyone. While a number of different types of processes, such as public consultations or inquiries, might be used to address these types of disputes, it is very likely that negotiations will be used as well. In fact, sometimes negotiations between the disputing parties, be they formal or otherwise, might lead to the decision to initiate one of these other processes. However, there is no "one size that fits all" process that will be apparent in each and every complex negotiation because each dispute is unique and dynamic, involving a distinct and ever-changing mix of actors. I. PREPARATION All of these negotiations, however, whether within the public domain or along a "litigation track" headed for trial, share three characteristics. That is, they create challenges for negotiators in the areas of preparation, complexity, and participation. Negotiators in complex multi-party, multi-issue disputes will want to spend ample time undertaking their preparations prior to the commencement of negotiations. These preparations might include the following tasks: 40 Public Sector Digest Summer 2010 www.publicsectordigest.com ■ Seek clarification about the structure of the negotiation ■ Consolidate your party's position prior to the commencement of negotiations: Diverse and varying views are likely within a negotiating party. Negotiations can proceed much smoother if there is internal unity within the party so that it can speak with a single, unified voice regarding its positions on the various issues. This leads to the next point. ■ Undertake background information gathering and research on all of the other parties by addressing the following questions: Who are the other parties? What are their positions? What are their underlying interests and motivations? Who will likely align with us (and against us) and why? Can we form alliances or negotiating coalitions in order to increase our negotiating power? ■ Nominate one party spokesperson and establish internal communication and decision making channels and processes prior to the commencement of negotiations. This will help ensure that the representative is empowered to speak for the entire group, and that his or her authority can be maintained throughout the negotiation period. Additionally, parties should also establish internal procedures for managing leadership changes (Will the party spokesperson rotate? Under what conditions will the spokesperson be asked to step-down or be replaced? How will a new spokesperson be chosen, by unanimous vote, by seniority, or randomly?). II. COMPLEXITY In general, if adequate preparations cannot be made in time, a party may wish to seriously consider the possibility of asking for a delay in the start of negotiations, because it is certainly better to enter into negotiations feeling well prepared and confident. This will also likely increase a party's efficiency and effectiveness at reaching a better deal sooner. PROCEDURAL COMPLEXITY It may be obvious that the greater the number of parties in a negotiation, the more complicated the process will become, but be " " Cleary, if they could better articulate their position and have a single company spokesperson deliver their message, they would have been more successful in gaining local support for their efforts. prepared for this complexity to affect every aspect of the negotiating process. That is, the joint development of procedural guidelines and ground rules, the provision of opportunities to speak, the scheduling of negotiation sessions, the sharing of information, as well as joint decision making, will all require much more time and concentration than is the case in bilateral negotiations. in various locations throughout Renfrew County, located approximately five hours North of Toronto in Eastern Ontario. The parties to this conflict appear to be in a stalemate and the final outcome is uncertain. DISPUTE COMPLEXITY In recent years, several green energy development firms from the Toronto region have come to the area in search of private properties to develop new wind power projects. While some local residents and politicians initially viewed this as a welcomed opportunity to bolster economic development in an impoverished area, the initial enthusiasm quickly gave way as conflict about the windmills escalated. Amidst a host of growing concerns about the proposed developments, the energy firms garnered local opposition when it was announced that most, if not all, of the energy produced would be exported from Renfrew County to Southern Ontario. III. PARTICIPATION Of course, complexity is also a consideration in terms of the actual dispute. The dispute will likely have multiple, inter-twined issues to be addressed, and the unpacking of these into smaller more manageable units for discussion will need to be considered. Breaking down the dispute into smaller, more manageable units can be done along many lines, such as dividing the negotiations into different sectors. In the case of the peace talks to end the war in Bosnia, for example, multiple simultaneous talks on the military, the constitution, the division of territory, and other themes were held and each thematic group reported back to the main mediator. If the talks proceed in this fashion, parties may consequently need to be ready to divide into smaller negotiating teams, each with its own command control structures in place. Adding to the complexity factor is the question of participation. As noted earlier, every dispute is unique, and inevitably, there will be a number of different parties with an interest in its resolution. This raises the following question: Who will be involved in the negotiations? Negotiating teams will want to decide in advance who needs to be at the table in order for them to reach their desired outcome, as certainly some parties to the dispute will be more relevant than others. In answering this question, they should assess the following: ■ Is there a party that clearly does not need to be at the table because its involvement is irrelevant to reaching an agreement? ■ Whose participation is vital to reaching an agreement and whose is less-so? Are they currently represented at the table? Why or why not? ■ Is there anyone that should be excluded from the talks on other grounds? IV. As negotiating teams work to answer the above questions, they may find that they need to conduct secondary, side-negotiations with one or more parties that may or may not already be at the table. Once again, this increases the complexity factor and new ways to feed the results from these secondary side-negotiations into the main negotiations will need to be devised. THE CASE OF THE RENFREW COUNTY WINDMILLS An ongoing example of a series of complex and informal negotiations revolves around the proposed placement of new windmills Nevertheless, spurred on in part by the lure of higher premiums offered by the province of Ontario for power generated via the wind, these energy companies were eager to quickly install new projects. They approached private landowners and, in a large number of cases, they reportedly made deals to utilize their land. As word of this rapid progress spread, local dissent grew. In some cases, neighbors were pitted against neighbors as those who had signed on with the companies found themselves at odds with those who did not agree with the project for safety or other reasons, or simply because they thought the development was moving too quickly. Since test sites were quickly established, there was a growing sense that if the development was not stopped immediately, the entire county would quickly be 'overcome' with new windmills In response, several locals banded together to form new opposition groups to the wind projects. One such group went on to work closely with local elected officials. Some of their first steps included collecting more information by visiting other sites in Ontario and elsewhere where windmills were already located and conducting independent research on the health and environmental effects of windmills. They went on to share this information with others in the hopes that a wise decision could be made about the windmills based on proven scientific evidence. This undoubtedly also strengthened their negotiating position, as they were now armed with the appropriate background research to support their positions. These concerns were not alleviated by either the regional authorities or the energy companies. It was reported in several news outlets that company officials were difficult to reach, and when they could be reached, they would shift responsibility for answering the difficult questions to other staff, or simply not answer any questions at all. Cleary, if they could better articulate their position and have a single company spokesperson deliver their message, they would have been more successful in gaining local support for their efforts. www.publicsectordigest.com Summer 2010 Public Sector Digest 41 " " This did not appease the public's concerns in Renfrew County, however, with many people claiming that the consultation process was rushed and not nearly inclusive enough. Additionally, this group distributed anti-windmill signs around the county, joined public protests, undertook awareness raising and education efforts through their blogs, appealed to local officials, and made a presentation to the Standing Committee on the Green Energy Act. Moreover, this and another group in the county joined a province-wide coalition of like-minded groups called Wind Concerns Ontario. the majority of the remaining features of this case, such as the power companies' failure to sit down with the opposition groups for a structured and meaningful dialogue, plus the province's threat to end-run around local opposition while providing meaningless public consultations, should be considered examples of what not to do in complex negotiations between numerous actors. In response to this growing opposition movement, Ontario's premiere promised months of public consultations on the matter. This did not appease the public's concerns in Renfrew County, however, with many people claiming that the consultation process was rushed and not nearly inclusive enough. Negotiating in multi-party, multi-issue contexts creates numerous challenges in terms of making adequate preparations, managing increased complexity, and ensuring inclusive and adequate participation of all those parties who are vital to reaching an agreement. However, success is still possible in these types of contexts, and if parties prepare for the unique challenges of negotiating in these contexts then they should be well-positioned to fully participate in and make the most of the talks. In a further effort to curb the growing unrest, and provide some time for things to settle down after a series of heated council meetings on this subject were held, many of the local municipalities eventually placed moratoriums on approving any wind power projects. The federal government also tried to appease local concerns. In March 2009, the local MP announced that one of the county's constituents would be meeting with senior officials from the office of the Minister of Health in order to discuss health issues related to windmills. In the same press release, the local MP also clearly stated her position that she respected the rights of individual landowners, but that well-informed decisions must be made based on the facts and research related to the adverse health effects of windmills. In essence, the local opposition groups gained an ally when this MP announcement was made, because her position on the matter was nearly identical to theirs. While successful in taking some of the initial pressure off the municipalities for having the final say on which projects would be approved, this move also increased the dispute's complexity because the struggle then shifted to another level. That is, the provincial government then indicated that it will not let local opposition stand in the way of new green energy projects and, if need be, approval for such projects would move from the municipal level to the provincial level. While some municipalities in Renfrew County did not react with surprise to this announcement, it is clear that if they wish to retain control over the projects in their jurisdictions, another set of side-negotiations between themselves and the province may need to occur in order to resolve the issue of who has final authority to approve projects. 42 Public Sector Digest Summer 2010 www.publicsectordigest.com The current situation appears to be at a stalemate, and the question of whether the local opposition will be overrun by the power companies and the province or if a compromise will be reached remains to be answered. Certainly, some aspects of these negotiations, such as forming a well-organized opposition group to deliver a single and clear message via one designated spokesperson, and increasing the power of that group by joining with others in a coalition, were textbook examples of what to do. Sadly, however, DR. EVAN HOFFMAN is presently the Executive Director of CIIAN. Evan is also an Associate Faculty member of the MA in Human Security and Peacebuilding program at Royal Roads University, Victoria, where he teaches a course on the prevention of deadly conflict, and an Adjunct Professor with the Graduate Program in Conflict Resolution at Antioch University McGregor where he is the Chair of the Concentration in International Mediation. Evan Hoffman holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of Canterbury (New Zealand). He can be reached at [email protected].

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