pytorch/gemma-3-12b-it-QAT-INT4

QAT INT4 google/gemma-3-12b-it model

• Developed by: pytorch
• License: apache-2.0
• Quantized from Model : google/gemma-3-12b-it
• Quantization Method : QAT INT4
• Terms of Use: Terms

gemma-3-12b-it fine-tuned with unsloth using quantization-aware training (QAT) from torchao, and quantized with int4 weight only quantization, by PyTorch team. Use it directly or serve using vLLM for 66% VRAM reduction (8.34 GB needed) and 1.73x speedup on H100 GPUs.

Inference with vLLM

Install vllm nightly and torchao nightly to get some recent changes:

pip install vllm --pre --extra-index-url https://wheels.vllm.ai/nightly
pip install torchao

Serving

Then we can serve with the following command:

# Server
export MODEL=pytorch/gemma-3-12b-it-QAT-INT4
VLLM_DISABLE_COMPILE_CACHE=1 vllm serve $MODEL --tokenizer $MODEL -O3

# Client
curl http://localhost:8000/v1/chat/completions -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
  "model": "pytorch/gemma-3-12b-it-QAT-INT4",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Give me a short introduction to large language models."}
  ],
  "temperature": 0.6,
  "top_p": 0.95,
  "top_k": 20,
  "max_tokens": 32768
}'

Note: please use VLLM_DISABLE_COMPILE_CACHE=1 to disable compile cache when running this code, e.g. VLLM_DISABLE_COMPILE_CACHE=1 python example.py, since there are some issues with the composability of compile in vLLM and torchao, this is expected be resolved in pytorch 2.8.

Inference with Transformers

Install the required packages:

pip install git+https://github.com/huggingface/transformers@main
pip install torchao
pip install torch
pip install accelerate

Example:

import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

model_name = "pytorch/gemma-3-12b-it-QAT-INT4"

# load the tokenizer and the model
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    model_name,
    torch_dtype="auto",
    device_map="auto"
)

# prepare the model input
prompt = "Give me a short introduction to large language model."
messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": prompt}
]
text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
    messages,
    tokenize=False,
    add_generation_prompt=True,
    enable_thinking=True # Switches between thinking and non-thinking modes. Default is True.
)
model_inputs = tokenizer([text], return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)

# conduct text completion
generated_ids = model.generate(
    **model_inputs,
    max_new_tokens=32768
)
output_ids = generated_ids[0][len(model_inputs.input_ids[0]):].tolist()

# parsing thinking content
try:
    # rindex finding 151668 (</think>)
    index = len(output_ids) - output_ids[::-1].index(151668)
except ValueError:
    index = 0

thinking_content = tokenizer.decode(output_ids[:index], skip_special_tokens=True).strip("\n")
content = tokenizer.decode(output_ids[index:], skip_special_tokens=True).strip("\n")

print("thinking content:", thinking_content)
print("content:", content)

Fine-tuning Recipe

Install the required packages:

pip install torch
pip install git+https://github.com/huggingface/transformers@main
pip install --pre torchao --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/nightly/cu128
pip install unsloth
pip install accelerate

Use the following code to fine-tune the model

# Modeled after https://colab.research.google.com/github/unslothai/notebooks/blob/main/nb/Qwen3_(14B)-Reasoning-Conversational.ipynb

from unsloth import FastModel
from unsloth.chat_templates import (
    get_chat_template,
    standardize_data_formats,
    standardize_sharegpt,
    train_on_responses_only,
)
from datasets import load_dataset
from trl import SFTConfig, SFTTrainer
import torch


max_seq_length = 2048
dtype = torch.bfloat16


# ==============
#  Model setup |
# ==============

model, tokenizer = FastModel.from_pretrained(
    model_name = "unsloth/gemma-3-12b-it",
    max_seq_length = max_seq_length,
    dtype = dtype,
    load_in_4bit = False,
    full_finetuning = False,
)

model = FastModel.get_peft_model(
    model,
    finetune_vision_layers = False,
    r = 8,
    lora_alpha = 8,
    lora_dropout = 0,
    qat_scheme = "int4",
)

tokenizer = get_chat_template(tokenizer, chat_template="gemma3")


# =============
#  Data setup |
# =============

def format_into_conversation(example):
    choices = ["A", "B", "C", "D"]
    correct_choice = choices[example["answer"]]
    question = "Choose the correct answer for the following question: "
    question += f"{example['question']}\n\n"
    question += "Choices:\n"
    question += f"A. {example['choices'][0]}\n"
    question += f"B. {example['choices'][1]}\n"
    question += f"C. {example['choices'][2]}\n"
    question += f"D. {example['choices'][3]}"
    answer = f"The correct answer is {correct_choice}."
    return {"conversations": [
        {"from": "human", "value": question},
        {"from": "gpt", "value": answer},
    ]}

def formatting_prompts_func(examples):
    convos = examples["conversations"]
    texts = [tokenizer.apply_chat_template(convo, tokenize = False, add_generation_prompt = False).removeprefix('<bos>') for convo in convos]
    return { "text" : texts, }

dataset = load_dataset("cais/mmlu", "all", split="auxiliary_train")
dataset = dataset.map(format_into_conversation)
dataset = dataset.remove_columns(["question", "subject", "choices", "answer"])
dataset = standardize_data_formats(dataset)
dataset = dataset.map(formatting_prompts_func, batched = True,)


# ========
#  Train |
# ========

trainer = SFTTrainer(
    model = model,
    tokenizer = tokenizer,
    train_dataset = dataset,
    dataset_text_field = "text",
    max_seq_length = max_seq_length,
    packing = False,
    args = SFTConfig(
        per_device_train_batch_size = 32,
        gradient_accumulation_steps = 1,
        warmup_steps = 5,
        num_train_epochs = 1,
        max_steps = 100,
        learning_rate = 2e-5,
        logging_steps = 1,
        optim = "adamw_8bit",
        weight_decay = 0.01,
        lr_scheduler_type = "linear",
        seed = 3407,
        output_dir = "outputs",
        report_to = "none",
    ),
)

trainer = train_on_responses_only(
    trainer,
    instruction_part = "<start_of_turn>user\n",
    response_part = "<start_of_turn>model\n",
)

trainer_stats = trainer.train()

Model Quality

We rely on lm-evaluation-harness to evaluate the quality of the quantized model. Here we only run on mmlu for sanity check.

Benchmark
	mmlu accuracy	Normalized accuracy degradation
google/gemma-3-12b-it
bf16	71.51	-0%
int4	69.48	-100%
Fine-tuned without QAT
bf16	71.55	+2%
int4	69.58	-95%
Fine-tuned with QAT
int4	70.18	-65.5%

Reproduce Model Quality Results

language eval

Need to install lm-eval from source: https://github.com/EleutherAI/lm-evaluation-harness#install

export MODEL=google/gemma-3-12b-it # or pytorch/gemma-3-12b-it-QAT-INT4
lm_eval --model hf --model_args pretrained=$MODEL --tasks mmlu --device cuda:0 --batch_size 8

multi-modal eval

Need to install lmms-eval from source: pip install git+https://github.com/EvolvingLMMs-Lab/lmms-eval.git

NUM_PROCESSES=8
MAIN_PORT=12345
MODEL_ID=google/gemma-3-12b-it # or pytorch/gemma-3-12b-it-QAT-INT4
TASKS=chartqa  # or tasks from https://github.com/EvolvingLMMs-Lab/lmms-eval/tree/main/lmms_eval/models/simple
BATCH_SIZE=32
OUTPUT_PATH=./logs/

accelerate launch --num_processes "${NUM_PROCESSES}" --main_process_port "${MAIN_PORT}" -m lmms_eval \
  --model gemma3 \
  --model_args "pretrained=${MODEL_ID}" \
  --tasks "${TASKS}" \
  --batch_size "${BATCH_SIZE}" --output_path "${OUTPUT_PATH}"

Peak Memory Usage

Results

Benchmark
	google/gemma-3-12b-it	pytorch/gemma-3-12b-it-QAT-INT4
Peak Memory (GB)	24.50	8.34 (66% reduction)

Reproduce Peak Memory Usage Results

We can use the following code to get a sense of peak memory usage during inference:

import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, TorchAoConfig

# use "google/gemma-3-12b-it" or "pytorch/gemma-3-12b-it-QAT-INT4"
model_id = "pytorch/gemma-3-12b-it-QAT-INT4"
quantized_model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id, device_map="auto", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)

torch.cuda.reset_peak_memory_stats()

prompt = "Hey, are you conscious? Can you talk to me?"
messages = [
    {
        "role": "system",
        "content": "",
    },
    {"role": "user", "content": prompt},
]
templated_prompt = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
    messages,
    tokenize=False,
    add_generation_prompt=True,
)
print("Prompt:", prompt)
print("Templated prompt:", templated_prompt)
inputs = tokenizer(
    templated_prompt,
    return_tensors="pt",
).to("cuda")
generated_ids = quantized_model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=128)
output_text = tokenizer.batch_decode(
    generated_ids, skip_special_tokens=True, clean_up_tokenization_spaces=False
)
print("Response:", output_text[0][len(prompt):])

mem = torch.cuda.max_memory_reserved() / 1e9
print(f"Peak Memory Usage: {mem:.02f} GB")

Model Performance

Results (H100 machine)

Benchmark (Latency)
	google/gemma-3-12b-it	pytorch/gemma-3-12b-it-QAT-INT4
latency (batch_size=1)	3.73s	2.16s (1.73x speedup)

Reproduce Model Performance Results

Setup

Get vllm source code:

git clone [email protected]:vllm-project/vllm.git

Install vllm

VLLM_USE_PRECOMPILED=1 pip install --editable .

Run the benchmarks under vllm root folder:

benchmark_latency

baseline

vllm bench latency --input-len 256 --output-len 256 --model google/gemma-3-12b-it --batch-size 1

INT4

VLLM_DISABLE_COMPILE_CACHE=1 vllm bench latency --input-len 256 --output-len 256 --model pytorch/gemma-3-12b-it-QAT-INT4 --batch-size 1

Paper: TorchAO: PyTorch-Native Training-to-Serving Model Optimization

The model's quantization is powered by TorchAO, a framework presented in the paper TorchAO: PyTorch-Native Training-to-Serving Model Optimization.

Abstract: We present TorchAO, a PyTorch-native model optimization framework leveraging quantization and sparsity to provide an end-to-end, training-to-serving workflow for AI models. TorchAO supports a variety of popular model optimization techniques, including FP8 quantized training, quantization-aware training (QAT), post-training quantization (PTQ), and 2:4 sparsity, and leverages a novel tensor subclass abstraction to represent a variety of widely-used, backend agnostic low precision data types, including INT4, INT8, FP8, MXFP4, MXFP6, and MXFP8. TorchAO integrates closely with the broader ecosystem at each step of the model optimization pipeline, from pre-training (TorchTitan) to fine-tuning (TorchTune, Axolotl) to serving (HuggingFace, vLLM, SGLang, ExecuTorch), connecting an otherwise fragmented space in a single, unified workflow. TorchAO has enabled recent launches of the quantized Llama 3.2 1B/3B and LlamaGuard3-8B models and is open-source at this https URL .

Resources

• Official TorchAO GitHub Repository: https://github.com/pytorch/ao
• TorchAO Documentation: https://docs.pytorch.org/ao/stable/index.html

Disclaimer

PyTorch has not performed safety evaluations or red teamed the quantized models. Performance characteristics, outputs, and behaviors may differ from the original models. Users are solely responsible for selecting appropriate use cases, evaluating and mitigating for accuracy, safety, and fairness, ensuring security, and complying with all applicable laws and regulations.

Nothing contained in this Model Card should be interpreted as or deemed a restriction or modification to the licenses the models are released under, including any limitations of liability or disclaimers of warranties provided therein.