question
stringlengths 1
963
| paragraph
stringlengths 0
21.1k
| answer groups
listlengths 1
12
| distractor groups
listlengths 0
13
|
|---|---|---|---|
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Microplate-based screening for small molecule inhibitors of neuropilin-2/vascular endothelial growth factor-C interactions.Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) is a secreted growth factor essential for lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-C functions in both physiological and pathological lymphangiogenesis, particularly in tumor metastasis, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Members of two families of cell surface receptors transduce VEGF-C signals: neuropilin-2 (Nrp2) and VEGF-receptor (VEGFR)-2/3. Nrp2 is a promising target for inhibition because it is highly expressed in lymphatic vessels. Here we describe a microplate-based assay for discovery of VEGF-C/Nrp2 inhibitors. We optimize this assay for use in screening an inhibitor library and identify three novel Nrp2/VEGF-C binding inhibitors from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Collection small molecule library.
|
[
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
[
"Anatomy",
"Information Science",
"Named Groups",
"Diseases",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Humanities"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Alveolar macrophages fat stain in early diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome.The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome (FES). The presence of fat droplets in alveolar macrophages was addressed in 13 trauma patients with bone fractures and 10 non-trauma patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The control group was composed of 5 anesthesized patients with ischemic heart disease, immediately prior to cardiac surgery. Two patients with suggestive clinical and laboratory signs of FES had 40% and 24% fat-containing alveolar cells, respectively. The trauma patients without signs of FES displayed a wide variation in the percentage of fat-containing macrophages (from 3% to 95%). Most of the patients with ARDS who were receiving lipid emulsion as part of their parenteral nutrition, had a high percentage (> 85%) of fat-containing macrophages. Patients with normal lungs had no fat-containing macrophages. Our findings suggest that BAL Oil Red O-positive macrophages are frequently observed in trauma patients irrespective of the presence of FES. Therefore, estimation of the percentage of fat-containing macrophages from BAL is an unreliable marker of FES.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Humanities",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Geographicals",
"Information Science",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Strengthening adoption practice, listening to adoptive families.In-depth interviews with 500 adoptive families who received postadoption services through Virginia's Adoptive Family Preservation (AFP) program paint a richly detailed picture of the challenges adoptive families face and what they need to sustain adoption for many years after finalization. Findings document the need for support in a variety of forms, including respite, counseling, and information. Numerous implications for strengthening adoption practice through effective training and technical assistance are discussed.
|
[
"Information Science"
] |
[
"Named Groups",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Humanities",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Anatomy",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Diseases"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
6-OHDA sympathectomy and exercise performance in the rat.6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was utilised for the study of the sympathetic nervous system in the resting rats and rats submitted to prolonged exercise. In order to reduce the acute physiological stress associated with an injection of 6-OHDA, beta-1 and alpha-1 adrenoceptors were blocked before the treatment leading to sympathectomy. Sympathectomised rats were divided in two groups: one sacrificed at rest, 24 hours after the treatment. The other group was sacrificed after a treadmill exercise to exhaustion. Running time to exhaustion was 36.0 +/- 4.5 min (mean +/- S.E.M.). This group ran significantly less than a control group brought to exhaustion in 73.7 +/- 10.0 min of exercise (P < 0.05). In order to make appropriate comparisons, another control group was run for 36 min. Some differences were observed between corresponding control and sympathectomized groups. At rest: 1) a lower plasma level of insulin, and 2) a higher plasma free fatty acid concentration were observed in sympathectomized rats. After 36 min of exercise: 1) a lower plasma concentration of norepinephrine, 2) no decrease of the plasma level of insulin, 3) no increase in the plasma glucagon concentration, and 4) a higher plasma glucose level were observed in sympathectomised rats when compared to control rats running for the same time. The lower plasma norepinephrine concentration in exercised sympathectomised rats suggests a lower sympathetic nervous activity in these animals than in control rats. The absence of a decrease of plasma insulin concentration and of an increase in glucagon can be attributed to this lower sympathetic activity in sympathectomised rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Geographicals",
"Health Care",
"Diseases",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Humanities",
"Named Groups"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Modelling the sulfoxygenation activity of vanadate-dependent peroxidases.Vanadate-dependent peroxidases contain, in their active center, vanadate covalently attached to histidine in an overall trigonal-bipyramidal array. We describe here the synthesis and characterization of optically active amino alcohols and their vanadium(V) complexes, and we show that the structural models of the active center thus obtained are also functional models for the sulfide-peroxidase activity of the enzyme in heterogeneous catalysis. The heterogeneous systems were obtained by immobilizing the complexes on silica gel and mesoporous silicas, and by aggregation. The following ligands, ligand precursors, and V compounds have been structurally characterized: (R)-(2-phenylethanol)-(R)-1-phenylethylamine (HL(A)), (R,R)-bis[2-phenyl(ethylmethylether)]ammonium chloride ([L(D)]+Cl(-)), the carbasilatranes (R,R)-methoxy{N,N',N''-2,2',3-[bis(1-phenylethanolato)propyl]amino}silane ((R,R)-Si(OMe)L(E)), (R,R)-methoxy-{N,N',N''-1,2',3-[(1-phenylethanolato)-(2-phenylethanolato)propyl]amino}silane ((R,R)-Si(OMe)L(E')), and [VO(L(F))(OSiMe2(t)Bu)], where H2L(F)=ethylbis(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)amine.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Organisms",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Geographicals",
"Diseases",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Anatomy",
"Information Science",
"Humanities",
"Health Care",
"Named Groups",
"Disciplines and Occupations"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Populations of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) are modulated by drought at a Lyme disease focus in Illinois.From 1990 through 1997, Ixodes scapularis Say larvae and nymphs were sampled between May and October along a 400-m segment of a nature trail in a Lyme disease endemic site in northern Illinois. Ticks were removed from Peromyscus leucopus mice and collected via tick drags at approximately 3-wk intervals. Mouse population estimates along the trail varied from 2, in the spring of 1996 following a year of drought, to > 200 in 1993, the wettest year on record. During the 8-yr period, there were major droughts during the summers of 1991 and 1995. Cumulative degree-days were positively correlated with the number of ticks collected on drags in the same year and negatively correlated with larval tick populations for the following year (P < 0.05). Cumulative rainfall was positively correlated with larval tick abundance for the following year. This was most readily apparent by examination of the larval density on captured mice. In the year following each of two drought years, larval densities were significantly depressed compared with the 8-yr average at the site.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Anatomy",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Humanities",
"Named Groups",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Information Science",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer in Wuhan, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study.BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has spread globally. Epidemiological susceptibility to COVID-19 has been reported in patients with cancer. We aimed to systematically characterise clinical features and determine risk factors of COVID-19 disease severity for patients with cancer and COVID-19.METHODS: In this multicentre, retrospective, cohort study, we included all adult patients (aged ?18 years) with any type of malignant solid tumours and haematological malignancy who were admitted to nine hospitals in Wuhan, China, with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between Jan 13 and March 18, 2020. Enrolled patients were statistically matched (2:1) with patients admitted with COVID-19 who did not have cancer with propensity score on the basis of age, sex, and comorbidities. Demographic characteristics, laboratory examinations, illness severity, and clinical interventions were compared between patients with COVID-19 with or without cancer as well as between patients with cancer with non-severe or severe COVID-19. COVID-19 disease severity was defined on admission on the basis of the WHO guidelines. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, cancer type, tumour stage, and antitumour treatments, were used to explore risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR2000030807.FINDINGS: Between Jan 13 and March 18, 2020, 13 077 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to the nine hospitals in Wuhan and 232 patients with cancer and 519 statistically matched patients without cancer were enrolled. Median follow-up was 29 days (IQR 22-38) in patients with cancer and 27 days (20-35) in patients without cancer. Patients with cancer were more likely to have severe COVID-19 than patients without cancer (148 [64%] of 232 vs 166 [32%] of 519; odds ratio [OR] 3·61 [95% CI 2·59-5·04]; p<0·0001). Risk factors previously reported in patients without cancer, such as older age; elevated interleukin 6, procalcitonin, and D-dimer; and reduced lymphocytes were validated in patients with cancer. We also identified advanced tumour stage (OR 2·60, 95% CI 1·05-6·43; p=0·039), elevated tumour necrosis factor á (1·22, 1·01-1·47; p=0·037), elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (1·65, 1·03-2·78; p=0·032), reduced CD4+ T cells (0·84, 0·71-0·98; p=0·031), and reduced albumin-globulin ratio (0·12, 0·02-0·77; p=0·024) as risk factors of COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer.INTERPRETATION: Patients with cancer and COVID-19 were more likely to deteriorate into severe illness than those without cancer. The risk factors identified here could be helpful for early clinical surveillance of disease progression in patients with cancer who present with COVID-19.FUNDING: China National Natural Science Foundation.
|
[
"Health Care"
] |
[
"Anatomy",
"Humanities",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Information Science",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Histopathological study on experimental endophthalmitis induced by bloodstream infection with Candida albicans.To investigate the details of the pathophysiology of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EFE), we performed sequential histological and ophthalmoscopic examination on a rabbit model comparing immunocompromised EFE developed using a steroid with an immunocompetent one intravenously inoculated with Candida albicans. The ophthalmoscopic examination and histological analysis of the retina in both groups demonstrated that lesions appear on the equator of the eyeball and then spread toward the posterior pole. It has been speculated that, because of the unique innate vasculature system of the equator, there is a sudden, decrease of shear stress in rheologically, resulting in adhesion of yeast cells to the endothelial cells. Histological examination revealed that the degree of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration was equivalent in the two groups. However, the appearance of PMN was delayed and the number of fungi was higher in the state of hyphae and/or pseudohyphae in the steroid-treated group. Furthermore, the eyeball was found to be the second earliest organ involved in candidemia. Our results indicate that ophthalmic examination is useful to monitor the development and systemic involvement of endophthalmitis in patients with candidemia.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Named Groups",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Geographicals",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Information Science",
"Humanities",
"Health Care",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Consolidation anti-CD22 fractionated radioimmunotherapy with 90BACKGROUND: Radioimmunotherapy represents a potential option as consolidation after chemoimmunotherapy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who are not candidates for transplantation. We aimed to assess activity and toxicity of fractionated radioimmunotherapy using anti-CD22 90Y-epratuzumab tetraxetan as consolidation after front-line induction chemoimmunotherapy in untreated elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.METHODS: We did a prospective, single-group, phase 2 trial at 28 hospitals in France, with patients recruited from 17 hospitals. Eligible patients were aged 60-80 years with bulky stage 2-3 or stage 3-4 CD20-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, previously untreated, and not eligible for transplantation. Patients received six cycles of R-CHOP (rituximab [375 mg/m2], cyclophosphamide [750 mg/m2], doxorubicin [50 mg/m2], and vincristine [1·4 mg/m2, up to 2 mg] all on day 1, and prednisone [40 mg/m2] daily for 5 days), administered every 14 days. 6-8 weeks after R-CHOP, responders received two doses of 15 mCi/m2 (555 MBq/m2) 90Y-epratuzumab tetraxetan administered 1 week apart. The primary endpoint was 2 year event-free survival in all registered eligible patients who received at least 1 day of study treatment; the safety analysis was done in the same population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00906841.FINDINGS: Between Oct 22, 2008, and Dec 16, 2010, we recruited 75 patients, of whom four (5%) were excluded after central pathology review; hence, 71 (95%) patients were included in the analysis. All patients started induction treatment; 57 (80%) received radioimmunotherapy. With a median follow-up of 37 months (IQR 30-44), the estimated 2 year event-free survival was 75% (95% CI 63-84). Radioimmunotherapy toxicity consisted of grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia in 48 (84%) of 57 patients and neutropenia in 45 (79%) of 57 patients. One patient developed myelodysplastic syndrome 28 months after receiving radioimmunotherapy and one patient developed acute myeloid leukaemia 5 months after receiving radioimmunotherapy.INTERPRETATION: Fractionated radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-epratuzumab tetraxetan might be appropriate for response consolidation after induction chemotherapy in older patients with advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, but further comparative studies are needed.FUNDING: Immunomedics, Amgen, Cancerop?le Grand Ouest, the GOELAMS/LYSA group and the French National Agency for Research (Investissements d'Avenir).
|
[
"Health Care"
] |
[
"Geographicals",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Humanities",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anatomy",
"Information Science",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
The Src family of tyrosine kinases is important for embryonic stem cell self-renewal.cYes, a member of the Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, is highly expressed in mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) cells. We demonstrate that cYes kinase activity is regulated by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and serum and is down-regulated when cells differentiate. Moreover, selective chemical inhibition of Src family kinases decreases growth and expression of stem cell genes that mark the undifferentiated state, including Oct3/4, alkaline phosphatase, fibroblast growth factor 4, and Nanog. A synergistic effect on differentiation is observed when ES cells are cultured with an Src family inhibitor and low levels of retinoic acid. Src family kinase inhibition does not interfere with LIF-induced JAK/STAT3 (Janus-associated tyrosine kinases/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) or p42/p44 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation. Together the results suggest that the activation of the Src family is important for maintaining mouse and human ES in an undifferentiated state and may represent a third, independent pathway, downstream of LIF in mouse ES cells.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Health Care",
"Diseases",
"Humanities",
"Geographicals",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Named Groups",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Psychiatry and Psychology"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
A 12-lead ECG-method for quantifying ischemia-induced QRS prolongation to estimate the severity of the acute myocardial event.INTRODUCTION: Studies have shown terminal QRS distortion and resultant QRS prolongation during ischemia to be a sign of low cardiac protection and thus a faster rate of myocardial cell death. A recent study introduced a single lead method to quantify the severity of ischemia by estimating QRS prolongation. This paper introduces a 12-lead method that, in contrast to the previous method, does not require access to a prior ECG.METHODS: QRS duration was estimated in the lead that showed the maximal ST deviation according to a novel method. The degree of prolongation was determined by subtracting the measured QRS duration in the lead that showed the least ST deviation.RESULTS: The method is demonstrated in examples of acute occlusion in two of the major coronary arteries.CONCLUSION: This paper presents a 12-lead method to quantify the severity of ischemia, by measuring QRS prolongation, without requiring comparison with a previous ECG.
|
[
"Health Care"
] |
[
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Geographicals",
"Named Groups",
"Anatomy",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Humanities"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
No increase in the prevalence of COPD in two decades.Relevant information on the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its trends is scarce. In the present study, we compare the prevalence rates and potential determinants of COPD in two national population samples that were surveyed 20 yrs apart. In 1978-1980, a sample of 8,000 people was surveyed; subjects were representative of the Finnish population and were aged ?30 yrs. Among those aged 30-74 yrs, acceptable spirometry was obtained from 6,364 (87%) subjects. In a similar survey conducted in 2000-2001, comparable spirometry was obtained from 5,495 (80%) participants. Airway obstruction was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1))/forced vital capacity below the lower limit of normal and staged for severity on the basis of FEV(1) % predicted. The age-adjusted prevalence rates of obstruction (stages I-IV) were rather similar in both surveys in males (4.7 versus 4.3%; p = 0.25), but were almost significantly higher in females in the later survey (2.2 versus 3.1%; p = 0.06). The rates of COPD stage II or higher were 3.9% in 1978-1980, and 3.6% in 2000-2001 (p = 0.36) for males, and 1.4 and 1.5% (p = 0.93), respectively, for females. In conclusion, no significant difference was found in the prevalence of COPD stages II-IV between similar population based surveys performed 20 yrs apart. Since COPD is mostly mild or moderate there is a strong case for early prevention.
|
[
"Diseases"
] |
[
"Anatomy",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Humanities",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Information Science"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Association of MTHFR 677T variant allele with risk of intracerebral haemorrhage: a meta-analysis.BACKGROUND: Previous studies concerning the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and risk of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) reported conflicting results. A meta-analysis of published studies was performed to allow a more reliable estimate of this association.METHODS: Relevant studies concerning the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risk of ICH were included into this meta-analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined for this gene-disease association using fixed or random effect models.RESULTS: Finally, 16 studies with a total of 1828 cases and 4067 controls were included. Meta-analyses of a total of 16 studies showed that there was an obvious association of MTHFR 677T allele with risk of ICH under all four comparison models (OR(T vs. C)=1.38, 95% CI 1.17-1.62, P<0.001; OR(TT vs. CC)=1.90 95% CI 1.42-2.55, P<0.001; OR(TT vs. TC/CC)=1.38 95% CI 1.20-1.59, P<0.001; OR(TT/TC vs. CC)=1.41 95% CI 1.12-1.78, P=0.003). Besides, both subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis further identified the association above.CONCLUSION: The MTHFR 677T allele is associated with risk of ICH, and individuals with TT genotype have an obviously higher risk of ICH than those with the CC genotype.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Geographicals",
"Information Science",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Humanities",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anatomy"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Algal extracellular products suppress Anabaena flos-aquae heterocyst spacing.Intra- and interspecific chemical signals allow bacteria to respond to environmental conditions by regulating gene transcription. In cyanobacteria, gene products and the presence of fixed nitrogen regulate heterocyst frequency. In this paper, we describe a chemical made by a green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, that suppresses heterocyst formation in the co-occurring cyanobacterium, Anabaena flos-aquae. Cyanobacterial heterocyst frequencies were reduced in the presence of water-soluble, proteinase- and heat-resistant molecules greater than 15 kDa in molecular size. Green algal cells in all phases of growth made the suppressor. Ammonium and nitrate concentrations in the medium did not correlate with this change in phenotype. In addition, growth rate was not enhanced by the extracellular products. Therefore, C. reinhardtii extracellular products acted as a heterocyst inhibitor, not as a fixed nitrogen source. Chemical interactions between green algae and cyanobacteria influence heterocyst formation, an important consideration in understanding the outcome of competition between these organisms and the dynamics of phytoplankton communities.
|
[
"Disciplines and Occupations"
] |
[
"Information Science",
"Named Groups",
"Geographicals",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Diseases",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anatomy",
"Humanities",
"Psychiatry and Psychology"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Long-term depression of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission is dependent on activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors and is altered to long-term potentiation by low intracellular calcium buffering.Synaptic plasticity of NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated transmission was investigated in the rat dentate gyrus in vitro. Isolated NMDAR EPSCs were recorded from granule cells of the dentate gyrus in response to stimulation of the medial perforant path. Long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD) of NMDAR EPSCs was observed in response to brief high-frequency stimulation (HFS), with the direction and extent of plasticity dependent on the concentration and type (EGTA vs BAPTA) of the intracellular Ca2+ buffer. LTD was induced in higher concentrations of EGTA and BAPTA than LTP, and BAPTA was approximately 100-fold more potent than EGTA. Although LTD was induced in a high concentration of EGTA (10 mM), a high concentration of BAPTA (10 mM) blocked both LTP and LTD. LTP of AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-EPSCs exhibited a lower dependency on Ca2+ buffering than LTP of NMDAR EPSCs, because LTP of AMPAR EPSCs was induced by HFS in high EGTA (10 mM). We also identified a role for metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in NMDAR plasticity. HFS LTD was blocked by the group I/II mGluR antagonist LY341495 ((2S)-2-amino-2-[(1S, 2S)-2-carboxycycloprop-1-yl]-3(xanth-9-yl)propanoic acid) and by the mGluR5-selective antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP). Similarly, low-frequency stimulation-induced LTD of NMDAR EPSCs was also blocked by MPEP. These findings suggest that the direction of plasticity of NMDARs is determined by the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration and is dependent on activation of mGluR5.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Health Care",
"Geographicals",
"Diseases",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Humanities",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Information Science",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Named Groups"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Underlying pathology of women with "atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion" smears, in a region with a high incidence of cervical cancer.AIM: To evaluate the histopathology of women who had "atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions" (ASC-H) on cervical cytology in a region with high incidence of cervical cancer.METHODS: This study was conducted at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand. All women with ASC-H, who had undergone colposcopic and histolopathologic evaluation between October 2004 and January 2007, were recruited. Similar cohorts with other squamous cell abnormalities on a Pap-smear, who had undergone colposcopy during the same period, were included as comparative groups.RESULTS: During the study period, 85 women who had ASC-H smears underwent colposcopic and histopathologic evaluation. The mean age was 45.3 years (range, 20-64 years). The histopathologic results of these 85 women were as follows: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II-III, 52 (61.2%); invasive cancer, 7 (8.2%); CIN I, 6 (7.1%); and no lesions, 20 (23.5%). The incidence of underlying CIN II or higher in an ASC-H smear (69.4%) was intermediate between atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (22.7%), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (44.7%) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (90.5%) smears. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of CIN II or higher between women who were 40 years old or more and those who were younger (68.7% and 71.4%, respectively, P=0.81), or between pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women (71.4% and 63.6%, respectively, P=0.49).CONCLUSION: Reporting ASC-H cytology in our population is strongly associated with significant cervical pathology, particularly invasive cancer that is possibly at a rate higher than previously reported. Women who have ASC-H smears should therefore be referred for immediate colposcopy regardless of age and menopausal status.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Information Science",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Humanities",
"Geographicals",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Anatomy",
"Psychiatry and Psychology"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Genotyping Leishmania promastigotes isolated from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in south-eastern Turkey.Objective Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a significant disease in south-eastern Anatolia because it is prevalent among Syrian refugees. We identified the causative Leishmania species in CL patients using molecular methods. Methods Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle medium was inoculated with aspirated fluid from suspected CL lesions and tested for amastigotes with Giemsa staining. PCR amplified the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of the Leishmania genome in cultures containing Leishmania promastigotes from 100 patients, which were genotyped with a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from ITS1 sequences of 95 culture fluid samples from these patients. Results Leishmania amastigotes were detected in 92% of cultures with growth. Leishmania promastigotes were typed as Leishmania tropica with both PCR-RFLP and sequencing. Conclusions Identification of L. tropica as the causative agent of CL in our region allows the clinical course to be predicted, and guides treatment decisions and preventive measures.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Humanities",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Health Care",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
miR-146b level and variants is associated with endometriosis related macrophages phenotype and plays a pivotal role in the endometriotic pain symptom.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of miR-146b expression and variants on endometriosis and its associated pain symptom.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genotyping and expression of miR-146b was performed on 74 endometriosis patients and 23 healthy controls. ESCs were subsequently co-cultured with peripheral blood (PB)-derived monocytes (PBMC)-driven macrophages. After overexpression and inhibition of miR-146b, cytokine production from the macrophages were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot were done to measure the regulation of IRF5 by miR-146b.RESULTS: We found that miR-146b expression was increased in PF supernatant and PF CD14 + monocytes/Macrophages of endometriosis patients, with endometriosis patients with pain (EPWP) showing higher miR-146b expression compared with the endometriosis patients without pain (EPNP). CT/CC genotype of miR-146b rs1536309 was associated with the risk of pain symptom of endometriosis. For the function studies, we found that miR-146b was involved in the negative regulation of inflammation through attenuating IRF5 expression. Macrophages from patients who carries CT/CC genotype of miR-146b rs1536309 showed decreasing miR-146b expression and enhancement of the ability of pro-inflammation.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an important role of miR-146b level and variants in endometriosis that helps to regulate the process of endometriosis and its associated pain.
|
[
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment"
] |
[
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Geographicals",
"Humanities",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Information Science"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
An implicit measure of olfactory performance for non-human primates reveals aversive and pleasant odor conditioning.We have little understanding of how odorants are processed in neural networks of the primate brain. Because chemo-stimuli are harder to control than physical stimuli (e.g. vision, audition), such research was limited by the temporal resolution, accuracy, and reliability of olfactometers (odor producing machines). Recent advances were able to create olfactometers that overcome these limitations, allowing their use together with neuroimaging techniques in humans. From the behavioral point of view, olfaction research requires a behavioral measure that can be used to quantify olfactory performance. This becomes a real problem when working with animals, where, unlike humans, explicit measures are harder to obtain. Furthermore, because odorants are powerful primitive reinforcers, such implicit measures can be beneficial to use in learning paradigms. Here we describe an olfactometer suitable for use in non-human primates, and an end-port design that allows the accurate measure of real-time respiratory modulations that are elicited in response to odor presentation. We demonstrate that this implicit measure is differentially modulated when experiencing pleasant or aversive odors. We then present an experimental paradigm in which monkeys learn to associate tones with odors, and show that the time delay from the conditioned stimuli to the next breath can be used to measure learning and memory expression in this paradigm. Using this construct, we reveal olfactory performance during acquisition and extinction of odor conditioning. These techniques can be used in electrophysiological recordings from relevant brain areas to shed light on neural networks involved in odor processing and reinforcement-learning.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Geographicals",
"Humanities",
"Information Science",
"Diseases",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Named Groups",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anatomy",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Mutation of N-linked glycosylation in EpCAM affected cell adhesion in breast cancer cells.Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression is elevated in breast cancer tissue, and correlates with the cancer metastasis and cell adhesion. Although EpCAM glycosylation is supposed to be associated with its function, the contribution of N-glycosylation to its function remains unclear. Here we analyzed cell adhesion ability of EpCAM in breast cancer cells. The results showed that EpCAM expression was associated with cell adhesion and N-glycosylation mutation of EpCAM decreased adhesion capacity. N-glycosylation mutation of EpCAM was correlated with lower levels of integrin â1 and fibronectin. We also found that effect of N-glycosylation of EpCAM on cell adhesion was regulated via FAK/Akt/Gsk-3â/â-catenin signaling pathway, which further adjusted MMP2/9 expression and activities. Our studies identified the characteristics and function of EpCAM glycosylation sites on breast cancer cell adhesion. These data could potentially clarify molecular regulation of EpCAM by N-glycosylation and intensify our understanding of the utility of glycosylated EpCAM as a target for breast cancer therapy.
|
[
"Diseases"
] |
[
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Geographicals",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Named Groups",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Information Science",
"Health Care",
"Humanities",
"Psychiatry and Psychology"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Enzootic aspergillosis in wild red vented cockatoos in the Philippines.Philippine Red Vented Cockatoos were being trapped in the wild and dispersed directly to private homes, aviaries, pet stores and for export to the United States of America. Except for non-aggressive behaviour and tiring easily the subjects showed clinically nothing peculiar. Numerous cases of Aspergillosis with no clinical signs prior to death were being reported at the United States Air Force Base, Clark Field, Angeles City, Philippines. In all cases stress was a predisposing factor to death; such as enclosure in a small bird cage. Those birds in aviaries that were kept free-flying remained clinically normal, with no deaths recorded. Systematic examination to determine the causative source of infection was carried out and revealed natural infection in the wild state as the cause of disease in caged Red Vented Cockatoos in the Philippines. Examination on three other species of Philippine Pstitticine birds revealed only the Red Vented Cockatoo to be infected or a latent carrier in the wild state.
|
[
"Geographicals"
] |
[
"Named Groups",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Information Science",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anatomy",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Health Care",
"Humanities",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Reactivity against complementary proteinase-3 is not increased in patients with PR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis.The etiology of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitides (AAV) is unknown, but the association between infections and autoimmunity has been studied extensively. In 2004, a novel theory was proposed that could link infection and autoimmunity. This 'theory of autoantigen complementarity' was based on the serendipitous finding of antibodies against complementary-PR3 (cPR3) in patients with PR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis. cPR3 demonstrated homology to several bacterial proteins, and it was hypothesized that PR3-ANCA develop in response to anti-cPR3 antibodies, as a consequence of the anti-idiotypic network. These data have not been confirmed in other patient cohorts. We investigated the presence of anti-cPR3 antibodies in a Dutch cohort of PR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis patients. Anti-cPR3 reactivity was determined in serum using ELISA. Two separate batches of cPR3 were used to determine reactivity in two separate cohorts of PR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis patients. We found that anti-cPR3-reactivity was not increased in our PR3-ANCA-associated vasculitis patients, in comparison to control groups. Further research will be necessary to prove the concept of autoantigen complementarity in autoimmune diseases.
|
[
"Named Groups"
] |
[
"Information Science",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Humanities",
"Geographicals",
"Anatomy",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
When authorship fails. A proposal to make contributors accountable.A published article is the primary means whereby new work is communicated, priority is established, and academic promotion is determined. Publication depends on trust and requires that authors be held to standards of honesty, completeness, and fairness in their reporting, and to accountability for their statements. The system of authorship, while appropriate for articles with only 1 author, has become inappropriate as the average number of authors of an article has increased; as the work of coauthors has become more specialized and relationships between them have become more complex; and as both credit and, even more, responsibility have become obscured and diluted. Credit and accountability cannot be assessed unless the contributions of those named as authors are disclosed to readers, so the system is flawed. We argue for a radical conceptual and systematic change, to reflect the realities of multiple authorship and to buttress accountability. We propose dropping the outmoded notion of author in favor of the more useful and realistic one of contributor. This requires disclosure to readers of the contributions made to the research and to the manuscript by the contributors, so that they can accept both credit and responsibility. In addition, certain named contributors take on the role of guarantor for the integrity of the entire work. The requirement that all participants be named as contributors will eliminate the artificial distinction between authors and acknowledgees and will enhance the integrity of publication.
|
[
"Information Science"
] |
[
"Organisms",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Health Care",
"Diseases",
"Anatomy",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Named Groups",
"Geographicals",
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Platelet hyperactivation, apoptosis and hypercoagulability in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.Changes in systemic redox balance can alter platelet activation and aggregation. Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a systematic inflammatory disease associated with mechanical shear stress, increased thrombin, catecholamines, serotonin and hemolysis, which cumulatively can hyperactivate platelets and accelerate their turnover. We tested the hypothesis that platelets from patients with moderately severe PE will show hyperstimulation and a pre-apoptotic phenotype associated with microparticles (MPs) in plasma. Blood for platelet respiration and thromboelastography (TEG) was obtained at diagnosis and 24h later from patients (n=76) with image-proven PE, SBP>90mmHg and right ventricular dysfunction demonstrated by echocardiogram or elevated biomarkers. Controls (n=12) were healthy volunteers. At diagnosis, platelets from PE patients had significantly elevated baseline oxygen consumption compared with controls, explained primarily by accelerated electron transport and oxygen wasting with no measurable extramitochondrial oxygen consumption. On thromboelastography, unstimulated thrombin-independent maximum amplitude was increased with PE, 19±14.1 vs.10.5±7.8mm in controls (p=0.002). Compared with controls, platelets from PE patients showed elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species with decreased mitochondrial Bcl-2 protein content and increased cytosolic cytochrome C, coincident with strong annexin V binding, P selectin release from lysed platelets and in plasma MPs compared to controls (p<0.05). These results show evidence of platelet hyperactivation and apoptosis in patients with acute PE, and provide preliminary theoretical basis for further exploration of platelet inhibition in patients with more severe PE.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Information Science",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Humanities",
"Health Care",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Geographicals"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Structural heart interventions training in Europe.BACKGROUND: Structural heart interventions have made major strides over the last years with the introduction of TAVR, percutaneous mitral valve repair and adult congenital heart disease procedures.METHODS: As part of the SCAI SHD Early Career Task Force committee, we complied a survey of 17 questions using a Survey Monkey website. We sent invitations twice by email to 183 European program directors of interventional cardiology fellowship programs in Europe.RESULTS: The most commonly performed procedures performed by the fellows were transseptal punctures, TAVR, BAV, PFO and BMV. For the rest of the structural procedures, each fellow performed <10 procedures during their training.CONCLUSION: Structural heart interventions training will keep expanding over the next years with the introduction of newer devices and techniques and accumulation of experience. Given the small number of the more rare structural procedures, it becomes apparent that we need to design national or international training networks to provide adequate training experience to all trainees.
|
[
"Disciplines and Occupations"
] |
[
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Humanities",
"Anatomy",
"Information Science",
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Early functional improvement after a modified ligament reconstruction tendon interposition arthroplasty for thumb basal joint arthritis.Many modifications to trapeziectomy have been proposed for the treatment of thumb basal joint arthritis. Their final outcomes have been discussed intensively, whereas functional changes in the early post-operative period have not been fully documented. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate an early functional change following our modified ligament reconstruction with tendon interposition (LRTI) arthroplasty. Nine patients (ten thumbs) were included in this study. Pain levels, strength, and mobility were assessed before and after surgery at intervals of two months. Pain level significantly improved at two months after surgery. Grip and pinch strengths had increased gradually after a temporal decrease at two-month follow-up, and were significantly stronger at six months after surgery. Palmar abduction improved significantly at six months after surgery, whereas opposition did not change significantly. A modified LRTI is an effective procedure in terms of early functional improvement of pain, strength, and mobility.
|
[
"Diseases"
] |
[
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Health Care",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Geographicals",
"Humanities"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Selecting appropriate recall intervals for patients in general dental practice--an audit project to categorize patients according to risk.UNLABELLED: In 2004, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) was asked to prepare guidance for the NHS in England and Wales on the clinical need and cost-effectiveness of a dental recall examination for all patients at an interval based upon their risk from oral disease. (Dental Recall: recall interval between routine dental examinations). Unlike other NICE guidelines, this potentially applies to the whole population. The Department of Health wishes to reduce the number of'routine' six-monthly check-ups. Best practice now recommends that all patients undertake an oral health assessment prior to categorizing them into a recall programme. The article describes how an audit project was undertaken to establish compliance within General Dental Practice to the guidelines.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dentists and patients now have the opportunity to discuss appropriate recall intervals together and prescribe reviews at time periods appropriate to each patient's disease process and risk.
|
[
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
[
"Named Groups",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Humanities",
"Information Science",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anatomy"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Characterization of plasma membrane respiratory chain and ATPase in the actinomycete Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727.We have characterized the respiratory system of the aerobic actinomycete Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727. The plasma membrane of the microorganism is shown to contain a protonmotive respiratory chain and H+-ATPase. The respiratory chain is made up of a rotenone-sensitive NADH-quinone oxidoreductase, a four subunits aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase and a bc1 complex. The H+-ATPase is characterized as an F0F1-type on the basis of its sensitivity to specific inhibitors; the enzyme is also inhibited by mM concentrations of Ca2+. The activity of the respiratory chain increases during the exponential growth phase, but is depressed in the stationary phase. The H+-ATPase activity reaches, as the respiratory chain, a maximal activity at the end of the exponential growth phase and then remains constant in the stationary phase.
|
[
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
[
"Diseases",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Humanities",
"Anatomy",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Information Science",
"Geographicals",
"Health Care",
"Named Groups",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Simulated environmental risk estimation of engineered nanomaterials: a case of cosmetics in Johannesburg City.This paper attempts to quantify the potential risks posed by engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems from cosmetic-based nanoproducts. The predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) were modelled for the silver (nAg) and titanium dioxide (nTiO(2)) nanoparticles embedded in cosmetic nanoproducts. The Johannesburg Metropolitan City (JHB City), in South Africa, was used as the reference study area. A mathematical model was applied to compute the quantities of ENMs flows from the cosmetic nanoproducts into the JHB City aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The risk quotient (RQ) of the nanoscale materials were evaluated as a ratio of PEC to the predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC). RQ values showed wide variance due to factors like; the quantities of ENMs, the fate and pathways of ENMs in the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, efficiency of the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) as well as the economic and demographic data for South Africa and Switzerland. For the aquatic environment, the PEC values of nAg ranged from 2.80 ? 10(-3) to 6.19 ? 10(-1) ìg L(-1) whereas for nTiO(2) the values ranged from 2.7 0 ? 10(-3) to 2.70 ? 10(-1) ìg L(-1) under the realistic dilution factor of 1 with the WWTP functioning at high removal efficiency regime. The RQ values in the aquatic ecosystems were mostly >1, indicating the potential risk of both nAg and nTiO(2) but <<<1 in the terrestrial ecosystems. Our results provide the first quantification of ENMs potential risk into the environment Johannesburg City in a developing country's natural and technical settings.
|
[
"Geographicals"
] |
[
"Diseases",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Organisms",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Anatomy",
"Named Groups",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Humanities"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Inhaled drugs as risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia.The effect of inhaled drugs in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is unclear. This case-control study was designed to determine whether inhaled drugs were risk factors for CAP. All incident cases of confirmed CAP that occurred over 1 yr in patients with chronic bronchitis (CB), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma were included, as well as CB, COPD and asthma controls. Risk factors for CAP and inhaled treatment were recorded during a personal interview. An effect of inhaled drugs on the risk of CAP was observed in COPD and asthma patients after adjusting for the effect of other respiratory diseases and their concomitant treatments. In COPD patients, inhaled steroids had a risk OR of 3.26 (95% CI 1.07-9.98) and in asthma patients inhaled anticholinergics had a risk OR of 8.80 (95% CI 1.02-75.7). In CB patients, no association with CAP was observed for any inhaler. These effects were independent of adjusting variables related to severity and other respiratory and non-respiratory risk factors for CAP, including vaccines. Inhaled â(2)-adrenergic agonists did not show a significant effect on the risk of CAP in any of the respiratory diseases. Inhaled steroids may favour CAP in COPD patients, whereas anticholinergics may favour CAP in asthma patients. It is difficult to differentiate the effect of inhaled therapy from the effect of COPD or asthma severity on the risk of CAP, and these relationships may not be causal, but could call attention to inhaled therapy in COPD and asthma patients.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Geographicals",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anatomy",
"Humanities",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Information Science"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Preventive services in a health maintenance organization: how well do pediatricians screen and educate adolescent patients?OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pediatricians in managed care settings adhere to national guidelines concerning the provision of clinical preventive services.DESIGN: Surveys were mailed between September 1996 and April 1997 to all pediatricians practicing in a California group-model health maintenance organization. The survey asked pediatricians about their screening and education practices on 34 recommended services and the actions taken with adolescent patients who have engaged in risk behavior.RESULTS: The response rate was 66.2% (N = 366). Pediatricians, on average, screened 92% of their adolescent patients for immunization status and blood pressure; 85% for school performance; 60% to 80% for obesity, sexual intercourse, cigarette use, alcohol use, drug use, and seat belt and helmet use; 30% to 47% for access to handguns, suicide, eating disorders, depression, and driving after drinking alcohol; fewer than 20% for use of smokeless tobacco, sexual orientation, sexual and physical abuse, and riding a bike or swimming after drinking alcohol; and 26% to 41% for close friends' engagement in risk behavior. Pediatricians' assessment and education with adolescent patients who screened positive for risk behavior was particularly low. Female physicians, physicians who saw a greater proportion of older adolescents, and recent medical school graduates were more likely to provide preventive services.CONCLUSIONS: Pediatricians in this health maintenance organization provide preventive services to adolescent patients at rates below recommendations but at rates greater than physicians in other practice settings. Improvement is especially needed in the areas that contribute most to adolescent mortality and for patients who screen positive for a risk behavior.
|
[
"Psychiatry and Psychology"
] |
[
"Diseases",
"Humanities",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Anatomy"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Levels of small molecules and enzymes in the mother cell compartment and the forespore of sporulating Bacillus megaterium.We have determined the amounts of a number of small molecules and enzymes in the mother cell compartment and the developing forespore during sporulation of Bacillus megaterium. Significant amounts of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were present in the forespore compartment before accumulation of dipicolinic acid (DPA), but these compounds disappeared as DPA was accumulated. 3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA) accumulated only within the developing forespore, beginning 1 to 2 h before DPA accumulation. Throughout its development the forespore contained constant levels of enzymes of both 3-PGA synthesis (phosphoglycerate kinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and 3-PGA utilization (phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, and pyruvate kinase) at levels similar to those in the mother cell and the dormant spore. Despite the presence of enzymes for 3-PGA utilization, this compound was stable within isolated forespores. Two acid-soluble proteins (A and B proteins) also accumulated only in the forespore, beginning 1 to 2 h before DPA accumulation. At this time the specific protease involved in degradation of the A and B proteins during germination also appeared, but only in the forespore compartment. Nevertheless, the A and B proteins were stable within isolated forespores. Arginine and glutamic acid accumulated within the forespore in parallel with DPA accumulation. The forespore also contained the enzyme arginase at a level similar to that in the mother cell and a level of glutamic acid decarboxylase 2- to 25-fold higher than that in the mother cell, depending on when in sporulation the forespores were isolated. The specific activities of several other enzymes (protease active on hemoglobin, ornithine transcarbamylase, malate dehydrogenase, aconitase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase) in forespores were about 10% or less of the values in the mother cell. Aminopeptidase was present at similar levels in both compartments; threonine deaminase was not found in either compartment.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Geographicals",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Humanities",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Diseases",
"Health Care",
"Named Groups",
"Information Science"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Effects of gel volume on pharmacokinetics for vaginal and rectal applications of combination DuoGel-IQB4012, a dual chamber-dual drug HIV microbicide gel, in pigtailed macaques.This study evaluated effects of differing gel volumes on pharmacokinetics (PK). IQB4012, a gel containing the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor IQP-0528 and tenofovir (TFV), was applied to the pigtailed macaque vagina and rectum. Vaginal gel volumes (1% loading of both drugs) were 0.5 or 1.5 ml; following wash-out, 1 or 4 ml of gel were then applied rectally. Blood, vaginal, and rectal fluids were collected at 0, 2, 4, and 24 h. Vaginal and rectal tissue biopsies were collected at 4 and 24 h. There were no statistically significant differences in concentrations for either drug between gel volumes within compartments at matched time points. After vaginal gel application, median IQP-0528 concentrations were ~ 104-105 ng/g, 105-106 ng/ml, and 103-105 ng/ml in vaginal tissues, vaginal fluids, and rectal fluids, respectively (over 24 h). Median vaginal TFV concentrations were 1-2 logs lower than IQP-0528 levels at matched time points. After rectal gel application, median IQP-0528 and TFV concentrations in rectal fluids were ~ 103-105 ng/ml and ~ 102-103 ng/ml, respectively. Concentrations of both drugs sampled in rectal tissues were low (~ 101-103 ng/g). For 1 ml gel, half of sampled rectal tissues had undetectable concentrations of either drug, and over half of sampled rectal fluids had undetectable TFV concentrations. These results indicate differences in drug delivery between the vaginal and rectal compartments, and that smaller vaginal gel volumes may not significantly compromise microbicide PK and prophylactic potential. However, effects of rectal gel volume on PK for both drugs were less definitive.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Named Groups",
"Geographicals",
"Information Science",
"Humanities",
"Diseases",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Anatomy",
"Health Care",
"Psychiatry and Psychology"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Mechanism of endothelial cell shape change and cytoskeletal remodeling in response to fluid shear stress.Endothelium exposed to fluid shear stress (FSS) undergoes cell shape change, alignment and microfilament network remodeling in the direction of flow by an unknown mechanism. In this study we explore the role of tyrosine kinase (TK) activity, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), mechanosensitive channels and cytoskeleton in the mechanism of cell shape change and actin stress fiber induction in bovine aortic endothelium (BAE). We report that FSS induces beta-actin mRNA in a time- and magnitude-dependent fashion. Treatment with quin2-AM to chelate intracellular calcium release and herbimycin A to inhibit TK activity abolished BAE shape change and actin stress fiber induction by FSS, while inhibition of protein kinase C with chelerythrine had no effect. Altering intermediate filament structure with acrylamide did not affect alignment or F-actin induction by FSS. Examining the role of the BAE cytoskeleton revealed a critical role for microtubules (MT). MT disruption with nocodazole blocked both FSS-induced morphological change and actin stress fiber induction. In contrast, MT hyperpolymerization with taxol attenuated the cell shape change but did not prevent actin stress fiber induction under flow. Mechanosensitive channels were found not to be involved in the FSS-induced shape change. Blocking the shear-activated current (IK.S) with barium and the stretch-activated cation channels (ISA) with gadolinium had no effect on the shear-induced changes in morphology and cytoskeleton. In summary, FSS has a profound effect on endothelial shape and F-actin network by a mechanism which depends on TK activity, intracellular calcium, and an intact microtubule network, but is independent of protein kinase C, intermediate filaments and shear- and stretch-activated mechanosensitive channels.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Health Care",
"Humanities",
"Named Groups",
"Geographicals",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Diseases",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Signaling survival: how axons rescue their glia.The trophic theory of cell survival hypothesizes that cell number is regulated by survival signals generated by other cells. Work published in this issue of Developmental Cell confirms that neurons can provide trophic support for glia in Drosophila, and fills in important molecular details of this interaction.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Named Groups",
"Health Care",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Geographicals",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Information Science",
"Humanities",
"Diseases"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
A Distinct Endocytic Mechanism of Functionalized-Silica Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Stem Cells.Nanoparticles provide new fields for life medical science application, including targeted-drug delivery and cancer treatment. To maximize the delivery efficiency of nanoparticle, one must understand the uptake mechanism of nanoparticle in cells, which may determine their ultimate fate and localization in cells. Recently, the proposed-cancer stem cell (CSC) theory has been attracted great attention and regarded as new targets for the new nanodrug developmet and cancer therapies. The interaction between nanoparticles and cancer cells has been extensively studied, but the uptake mechanism of nanoparticles in CSCs has received little attention. Here, we use the pharmacological inhibitors of major endocytic pathways to study the silica nanoparticle (SiNP) uptake mechanisms in the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and MCF-7-derived breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). The results demonstrate that the uptake of SiNPs, particularly amino-functionalized SiNPs, in MCF-7 cells is strongly affected by the actin depolymerization, whereas BCSCs more strongly inhibit the amino-functionalized SiNP uptake after the scavenger receptor disruption. These findings indicate a distinct endocytic mechanism of functionalized SiNPs in BCSCs, which is significant for designing ideal nanosized drug delivery systems and improving the selectivity for CSC-targeted therapy.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Humanities",
"Geographicals",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Named Groups",
"Health Care",
"Information Science",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Papillon-Lef?vre syndrome: neutrophil function in 15 cases fron 4 families in Egypt.OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the periodontal pathologic cause of Papillon-Lef?vre syndrome by comparing, with respect to neutrophil function, probands with Papillon-Lef?vre syndrome from 4 families in Egypt, unaffected siblings of the probands, and age-matched and gender-matched control subjects.STUDY DESIGN: Family histories and clinical dermal and oral manifestations of Papillon-Lef?vre syndrome were evaluated for 15 affected members of 4 families with the syndrome, 10 siblings of the probands, and 7 age-matched and gender-matched controls. Phagocytic and intracellular killing (lytic activity) of polymorphonuclear neutrophils was evaluated for all subjects according to a modification of the method of Wilkinson; opsonization was evaluated according to a modification of the methods of Cutler et al. Data were analyzed by means of analysis of variance.RESULTS: Family pedigrees were plotted, and consanguinity was noted in 3 of the 4 families with Papillon-Lef?vre syndrome. The means and SDs for phagocytic killing, lytic activity, and opsonization indices were as follows: probands, 4.76+/-1.99, 0.42+/-0.20, and 0.84+/-0.07; unaffected siblings, 10.4+/-1.3, 3.3+/-0.3, and 0.84+/-0.07; controls, 10.8+/-0.8, 3.5+/-0.6, and 0.85+/-0.05. The phagocytic killing and lytic activity indices demonstrated significance between the probands and both siblings and controls (P<.0005), whereas the opsonization index did not demonstrate significance between groups.CONCLUSIONS: Significantly decreased neutrophil function in probands with Papillon-Lef?vre syndrome was demonstrated with respect to neutrophil phagocytotic and lytic activity but not with respect to opsonization. Therefore, specific neutrophil dysfunction appears to be etiologically involved in this disorder.
|
[
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
[
"Geographicals",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Humanities",
"Psychiatry and Psychology"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Modes of embodiment in breast cancer patients using complementary and alternative medicine.Breast cancer patients are frequent users of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). They often have complex reasons for, and experiences from, their use of CAM. Bodily experiences are important and almost unexplored elements in CAM use. Our aim was to explore the meaning and importance of bodily experiences among breast cancer patients who were using CAM as a supplement or an alternative to conventional treatment (CT). Our findings based on qualitative interviews with 13 women suggest that bodily experiences were particularly important when positioned outside conventional health care prior to medical diagnosis and as users of CAM as alternative to CT. We introduce three central modes of embodiment related to CAM use: the right to one's body, the body used as a gauge, and the body used as a guide. Patients' positioning between treatment systems should be further explored from a bodily perspective to safeguard and optimize their treatment choices.
|
[
"Diseases"
] |
[
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Humanities",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Anatomy"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Incident Hearing Loss and Comorbidity: A Longitudinal Administrative Claims Study.Importance: Because hearing loss is highly prevalent and treatable, determining its association with morbidity has major public health implications for disease prevention and the maintenance of health in adults with hearing loss.Objective: To investigate the association between the diagnosis of incident hearing loss and medical comorbidities in adults 50 years or older.Design, Setting, and Participants: Retrospective, propensity-matched cohort study using administrative claims data from commercially insured and Medicare Advantage members in a geographically diverse US health plan. Adults 50 years or older with claims for services rendered from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2016, were observed for 2 (n = 154 414), 5 (n = 44 852), and 10 (n = 4728) years. This research was conceptualized and data were analyzed between September 2016 and November 2017.Exposures: A claim for incident hearing loss is defined as 2 claims for hearing loss within 2 consecutive years without evidence of hearing device use, excluding claims for sudden hearing loss or hearing loss secondary to medical conditions.Main Outcomes and Measures: Incident claims for dementia, depression, accidental falls, nonvertebral fractures, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke.Results: After cohort matching, 48% of participants were women (n = 74 464), 61% were white (n = 93 442), and 31% (n = 48 056) were Medicare Advantage insured, with a mean (SD) age of 64 (10) years. In a multivariate-adjusted modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors, relative associations were strongest for dementia (relative risk at 5 years, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.38-1.64) and depression (relative risk at 5 years, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.26-1.58). The absolute risk of all outcomes was greater in persons with hearing loss than in those without hearing loss at all times, with the greatest risk difference observed at 10 years for all outcomes. The 10-year risk attributable to hearing loss was 3.20 per 100 persons (95% CI, 1.76-4.63) for dementia, 3.57 per 100 persons (95% CI, 1.67-5.47) for falls, and 6.88 per 100 persons (95% CI, 4.62-9.14) for depression.Conclusions and Relevance: In this large observational study using administrative claims data, incident untreated hearing loss was associated with greater incident morbidity than no hearing loss across a range of health conditions. Future studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations and to determine if treatment for hearing loss could reduce the risk of comorbidity.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Humanities",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anatomy",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Evaluation of candidemia in epidemiology and risk factors among cancer patients in a cancer center of China: an 8-year case-control study.BACKGROUND: Candidemia is the worldwide life-threaten disease, especially in cancer patients. This study was aimed to identify and evaluate the risk factors of candidemia in cancer patients, which will prompt the improvement on current therapeutic strategies and prognosis.METHODS: A retrospective, case-control study was conducted from inpatients of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, during 2006 to 2013. Analyses were performed between cancer patients with candidemia as study case, and patients with bacterial bloodstream infections as control. Each case was matched up with two controls, for gender and inpatient duration. Candida species, clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes were reviewed in details.RESULTS: Total number of 80 cases and 160 controls were enrolled and analyzed in this study. Candida albicans was identified as the most prevalent species and account for 55.0% candidemia, followed by Candida parapsilosis complex (21.3%), Candida tropicalis (8.8%), Candida glabrata complex (7.5%), Candida lusitaniae (3.8%), and Candida famata (3.8%). The crude mortality at 30-days of candidemia was up to 30.0%, which is significantly higher than bacterial bloodstream infections (p = 0.006). Logistical analysis demonstrated that total parenteral nutrition >5 days (p = 0.036), urinary catheter >2 days (p = 0.001), distant organ metastasis of cancer (p = 0.002) and gastrointestinal cancer (p = 0.042) were the independent risk factors for candidemia.CONCLUSIONS: Candidemia showed significant higher mortality than bacterial bloodstream infections, C. albicans was cited as the primary pathogen. Total parenteral nutrition, urinary catheter, distant organ metastasis of cancer and gastrointestinal cancer are independent predictors for candidemia, this findings provides potential therapeutic targets for improving the outcome.
|
[
"Geographicals"
] |
[
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anatomy",
"Information Science",
"Humanities",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
The effect of hospice on Medicare and informal care costs: the U.S. Experience.The effect of hospice on third-party payer costs has long been of great interest in the United States and other nations. The choice of hospice could also influence the costs experienced by patients and family members as compared with when Medicare beneficiaries choose to use normal care. This article considers both types of cost in the context of the United States. Hospice provides a rare example of a medical or multiprofessional intervention that improves quality of life for patients while reducing the costs of third-party insurers. Out-of-pocket costs do not differ by hospice use, but families experience higher informal costs when a loved one who is dying uses hospice. There are likely benefits of such interactions that would offset any costs, but these are hard to quantify. The Medicare program is supposed to provide necessary and reasonable care to beneficiaries, and hospice would easily pass any such assessment.
|
[
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
[
"Humanities",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Information Science",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Named Groups",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anatomy"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Evaluation of the lacrimal recess of the maxillary sinus: an anatomical study.UNLABELLED: The anatomical relation between the maxillary sinus and the nasolacrimal duct has gained greater importance with the advent of microsurgeries and endoscopic-assisted sinonasal procedures, and the growing use of endonasal surgery to perform middle meatus procedures and transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy. We did not find reports on maxillary sinus classification concerning its lacrimal recess, nor how often it is found.OBJECTIVE: To assess how frequent the lacrimal recess can be found in the maxillary sinuses of dissected anatomical specimens.METHOD: We assessed 31 half-heads from cadavers. We dissected the area corresponding to the middle third of the face, by lateral access so as to be able to observe the most lateral portion of the nasolacrimal duct vis-?-vis the maxillary sinus.The maxillary sinuses were assessed by two examiners simultaneously, getting to a consensus in relation to the type of nasolacrimal duct.RESULTS: We assessed 18 maxillary sinuses of the lateral type (58.1%) and 13 anterior sinuses (41.9%). The difference in frequency of the anterior type of maxillary type of the right side (35.7%) and left (47.1%) did not have statistical significance (p = 0.524).CONCLUSION: We found a frequency of 41.9% of lacrimal recesses in the maxillary sinuses.
|
[
"Anatomy"
] |
[
"Geographicals",
"Information Science",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Named Groups",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Health Care",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Humanities",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Unexpected divergence of enzyme function and sequence: "N-acylamino acid racemase" is o-succinylbenzoate synthase.A protein identified as "N-acylamino acid racemase" from Amycolaptosis sp. is an inefficient enzyme (kcat/Km = 3.7 x 10(2) M-1 s-1). Its sequence is 43% identical to that of an unidentified protein encoded by the Bacillus subtilis genome. Both proteins efficiently catalyze the o-succinylbenzoate synthase reaction in menaquinone biosynthesis (kcat/Km = 2.5 x 10(5) and 7.5 x 10(5) M-1 s-1, respectively), suggesting that this is their "correct" metabolic function. Their membership in the mechanistically diverse enolase superfamily provides an explanation for the catalytic promiscuity of the protein from Amycolaptosis. The adventitious promiscuity may provide an example of a protein poised for evolution of a new enzymatic function in the enolase superfamily. This study demonstrates that the correct assignment of function to new proteins in functional and structural genomics may require an understanding of the metabolism of the organism.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Named Groups",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Anatomy",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Diseases",
"Humanities",
"Geographicals",
"Health Care"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
National health insurance reconsidered: dilemmas and opportunities.Changing social and economic constraints are precipitating a reformulation of the role of government in the provision of social welfare services. The authors conclude that government intervention in the health sector is bound to expand rather than contract because centralization is the key to reconciling otherwise divergent political demands for spending controls and greater equality of access to quality care for the increasing number of uninsured or underinsured persons. In the past eight years, the federal government has unleashed competitive market principles that have had negative side effects on the nation's health services. Payers, providers, and consumers will likely seek to protect themselves by forming coalitions, as happened recently in Massachusetts where the law now requires employers to provide minimum health insurance benefits to their employees. Escalating pressures to correct the damages from short-term piecemeal solutions to problems of health finance and delivery will provide the chief dynamic for universal health insurance in the United States. New economic, social, and political realities suggest, however, an eclectic strategy for attaining this goal that bears little resemblance to the conventional wisdom that guided health policy throughout the postwar period.
|
[
"Geographicals"
] |
[
"Humanities",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Diseases",
"Named Groups",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Information Science",
"Organisms",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Anatomy"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
JNK phosphorylation of Bim-related members of the Bcl2 family induces Bax-dependent apoptosis.The c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated when cells are exposed to environmental stress, including UV radiation. Gene disruption studies demonstrate that JNK is essential for UV-stimulated apoptosis mediated by the mitochondrial pathway by a Bax/Bak-dependent mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that JNK phosphorylates two members of the BH3-only subgroup of Bcl2-related proteins (Bim and Bmf) that are normally sequestered by binding to dynein and myosin V motor complexes. Phosphorylation by JNK causes release from the motor complexes. These proapoptotic BH3-only proteins therefore provide a molecular link between the JNK signal transduction pathway and the Bax/Bak-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic machinery.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Named Groups",
"Humanities",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Diseases",
"Geographicals",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Information Science",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Health Care"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Ab initio and DFT studies of the molecular structures and vibrational spectra of succinonitrile.The Molecular structure, conformational stability and vibrational frequencies of succinonitrile NCCH2CH2CN have been investigated with ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) methods implementing the standard 6-311++G* basis set. The potential energy surfaces (PES) have been explored at DFT-B3LYP, HF and MP2 levels of theory. In agreements with previous experimental results, the molecule was predicted to exist in equilibrium mixture of trans and gauche conforms with the trans form being slightly lower in energy. The vibrational frequencies and the corresponding vibrational assignments of succinonitrile in both C2h and C2 symmetry were examined theoretically and the calculated Infrared and Raman spectra of the molecule were plotted. Observed frequencies for normal modes were compared with those calculated from normal mode coordinate analysis carried out on the basis of ab initio and DFT force fields using the standard 6-311++G* basis set of the theoretical optimized geometry. Theoretical IR intensities and Raman activities are reported.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Health Care",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Information Science",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Humanities",
"Geographicals",
"Anatomy",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Organisms",
"Diseases",
"Named Groups",
"Psychiatry and Psychology"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
The 13C chemical-shift index: a simple method for the identification of protein secondary structure using 13C chemical-shift data.A simple technique for identifying protein secondary structures through the analysis of backbone 13C chemical shifts is described. It is based on the Chemical-Shift Index [Wishart et al. (1992) Biochemistry, 31, 1647-1651] which was originally developed for the analysis of 1H(alpha) chemical shifts. By extending the Chemical-Shift Index to include 13C(alpha), 13C(beta) and carbonyl 13C chemical shifts, it is now possible to use four independent chemical-shift measurements to identify and locate protein secondary structures. It is shown that by combining both 1H and 13C chemical-shift indices to produce a 'consensus' estimate of secondary structure, it is possible to achieve a predictive accuracy in excess of 92%. This suggests that the secondary structure of peptides and proteins can be accurately obtained from 1H and 13C chemical shifts, without recourse to NOE measurements.
|
[
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
[
"Humanities",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Anatomy",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Information Science",
"Geographicals",
"Health Care",
"Named Groups",
"Diseases",
"Organisms",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Overexpression of a chloroplast-localized small heat shock protein OsHSP26 confers enhanced tolerance against oxidative and heat stresses in tall fescue.Small heat shock proteins are involved in stress tolerance. We previously isolated and characterized a rice cDNA clone, Oshsp26, encoding a chloroplast-localized small heat shock protein that is expressed following oxidative or heat stress. In this study, we transferred this gene to tall fescue plants by an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. The integration and expression of the transgene was confirmed by PCR, Southern, northern, and immunoblot analyzes. Compared to the control plants, the transgenic plants had significantly lower electrolyte leakage and accumulation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances when exposed to heat or methyl viologen. The photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm) in the transgenic tall fescue plants was higher than that in the control plants during heat stress (42°C). These results suggest that the OsHSP26 protein plays an important role in the protection of PSII during heat and oxidative stress in vivo.
|
[
"Anatomy"
] |
[
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Humanities",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Information Science",
"Diseases",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Named Groups",
"Geographicals"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Ascaris haemoglobin is a nitric oxide-activated 'deoxygenase'.The parasitic nematode Ascaris lumbricoides infects one billion people worldwide. Its perienteric fluid contains an octameric haemoglobin that binds oxygen nearly 25,000 times more tightly than does human haemoglobin. Despite numerous investigations, the biological function of this molecule has remained elusive. The distal haem pocket contains a metal, oxygen and thiol, all of which are known to be reactive with nitric oxide. Here we show that Ascaris haemoglobin enzymatically consumes oxygen in a reaction driven by nitric oxide, thus keeping the perienteric fluid hypoxic. The mechanism of this reaction involves unprecedented chemistry of a haem group, a thiol and nitric oxide. We propose that Ascaris haemoglobin functions as a 'deoxygenase', using nitric oxide to detoxify oxygen. The structural and functional adaptations of Ascaris haemoglobin suggest that the molecular evolution of haemoglobin can be rationalized by its nitric oxide related functions.
|
[
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
[
"Named Groups",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Health Care",
"Geographicals",
"Anatomy",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Humanities",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Information Science",
"Diseases"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
[Study of structural changes in chromatin in the presence of mono- and divalent cations by means of flow linear dichroism].The chromatin structure in solution was studied by the flow linear dichroism method (LD) in a wide range of ionic strengths. It was found that the increasing of the ionic strength from 0.25 mM EDTA, pH 7.0 to 100 mM NaCl leads to a manifold decrease of the LD amplitude of chromatin and inversion of the LD sign from negative to positive at 2 mM NaCl. Chromatin exhibits a positive LD maximum value at 10-20 mM NaCl. These data enable us to conclude that in very low ionic strength (0.25 mM EDTA-2mM NaCl) the nucleosome discs are oriented with their flat faces parallel to the chromatin filament axis. Increasing ionic strength up to 20 mM NaCl leads to reorientation of the nucleosome discs and to formation of chromatin structure with nucleosome flat faces more or less perpendicular to the fibril axis. A conformational transition of that kind is not revealed in H1-depleted chromatin. This testifies to the fact that the histone H1 is responsible for the higher order structure of chromatin. It was found that divalent cations do not induce the inversion of the LD sign of chromatin.
|
[
"Information Science"
] |
[
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Named Groups",
"Health Care",
"Humanities",
"Geographicals",
"Diseases",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Disciplines and Occupations"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Changes in energy metabolism in relation to physical activity due to fermentable carbohydrates in group-housed growing pigs.Fermentable nonstarch polysaccharides (dietary fiber) affect energy retention in group-housed growing pigs by reducing physical activity. This study assessed the effects of fermentation and bulkiness of dietary carbohydrates on physical activity in relation to energy metabolism. Eight clusters of 14 pigs were fed one of four diets in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. Factors included 1) gastrointestinal fermentation and 2) dietary bulkiness. Contrasts in fermentation were created by exchanging gelatinized maize starch with raw potato starch on a volume basis. Bulkiness was altered by adding 15% milled wheat straw to the diets. Apart from these differences, amounts of other dietary ingredients fed to the pigs were similar. Pigs were housed in groups. Nitrogen and energy balances were measured per cluster during a 14-d period. Dietary bulkiness did not affect ME intake, heat production, or energy retention. Metabolizability decreased when maize starch was replaced with raw potato starch (P< .01), resulting in a lower energy retention on the potato starch diets (P<.01). However, the lower ME intake on the potato diets was partially compensated by a reduced energy expenditure on physical activity (P< .01), which was 17.6% lower than that of pigs fed the maize starch diets. Dietary bulkiness did not affect physical activity. The effect of fiber-rich diets (nonstarch polysaccharides) on activity in growing group-housed pigs seems to be related to fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract, and not to bulkiness (volume).
|
[
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
[
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Geographicals",
"Anatomy",
"Named Groups",
"Health Care",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Information Science",
"Diseases",
"Humanities",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Recognition of carboxylate anions and carboxylic acids by selenium-based new chromogenic fluorescent sensor: a remarkable fluorescence enhancement of hindered carboxylates.A selenium metal-based new fluorescence sensor 5-pivaloylamino-1,2,5-selenodiazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-7-(6H)-one (receptor 1) has been reported for the recognition of monocarboxylic acids and carboxylate anions both by UV-vis and fluorescence methods. Receptor 1 recognizes carboxylate anions more than monocarboxylic acids and it is a selective sensor for carboxylates with specially hindered carboxylate anions. The changes of fluorescence intensity are remarkably enhanced with red shift in presence of bulky carboxylate anions. The X-ray crystal structure of receptor 1 with pivalic acid has been reported.
|
[
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
[
"Named Groups",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Organisms",
"Geographicals",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Humanities",
"Anatomy",
"Health Care",
"Diseases",
"Psychiatry and Psychology"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
House-dust mite nasal provocation: a diagnostic tool in perennial rhinitis.BACKGROUND: In perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), the skin-prick test (SPT) is a good diagnostic tool to identify the specific allergens. A nasal provocation test (NPT) is used to identify allergens and to confirm the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal cutoff values of symptom and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) changes after dust-mite NPT for predicting PAR. We also studied the relationship of the changes of symptoms in NPT and the wheal size of SPT.METHODS: One hundred five patients with perennial rhinitis underwent the NPT to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and the SPT. The NPT was assessed by changes in symptoms and PNIF. The optimal cutoff values of the symptoms score and PNIF changes after the NPT for predicting the SPT were determined using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The relationship of the wheal sizes of SPT and the changes from the NPT were analyzed.RESULTS: Forty-eight patients had a positive SPT to D. pteronyssinus, of whom 33 patients had a positive NPT by increases of the symptom score. Twenty patients had a positive NPT by decreases of PNIF. The area under the ROC curve was 0.85 for symptom score changes and it was 0.612 for PNIF changes. There was a significant correlation between the wheal size of the SPT and symptom changes in the NPT.CONCLUSION: Nasal provocation is a valuable test to confirm the diagnosis of D. pteronyssinus allergy, especially when the wheal from the SPT is small. The symptom change after the house-dust mite NPT is better than the PNIF change for predicting the PAR.
|
[
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
[
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anatomy",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Information Science",
"Geographicals",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Humanities"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Proteolysis of fibrinogen in healthy volunteers following major and minor vivo plasminogen activation.Changes in immunoreactive fibrinopeptide A, fragment B beta 1-42 and fragment E were followed after major and minor in vivo plasminogen activation, after infusion of streptokinase and acylated streptokinase-plasminogen complex respectively, in healthy male volunteers. Major activation resulted in a dramatic rise in all three peptides, fragment E persisting in the circulation longest. Fragment B beta 1-42 was also markedly increased after minor systemic plasminogen activation despite apparently adequate levels of immediate antiplasmin.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Health Care",
"Humanities",
"Named Groups",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Geographicals",
"Information Science",
"Diseases",
"Anatomy",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Genetic Alterations and Their Clinical Implications in High-Recurrence Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer.PURPOSE: Papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) frequently involve genetic alterations. The objective of this study was to investigate genetic alterations and further explore the relationships between these genetic alterations and clinicopathological characteristics in a high-recurrence risk (node positive, N1) PTC group.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumor tissue blocks were obtained from 240 surgically resected patients with histologically confirmed stage III/IV (pT3/4 or N1) PTCs. We screened gene fusions using NanoString's nCounter technology and mutational analysis was performed by direct DNA sequencing. Data describing the clinicopathological characteristics and clinical courses were retrospectively collected.RESULTS: Of the 240 PTC patients, 207 (86.3%) had at least one genetic alteration, including BRAF mutation in 190 patients (79.2%), PIK3CA mutation in 25 patients (10.4%), NTRK1/3 fusion in six patients (2.5%), and RET fusion in 24 patients (10.0%). Concomitant presence of more than two genetic alterations was seen in 36 patients (15%). PTCs harboring BRAF mutation were associated with RET wild-type expression (p=0.001). RET fusion genes have been found to occur with significantly higher frequency in N1b stage patients (p=0.003) or groups of patients aged 45 years or older (p=0.031); however, no significant correlation was found between other genetic alterations. There was no trend toward favorable recurrence-free survival or overall survival among patients lacking genetic alterations.CONCLUSION: In the selected high-recurrence risk PTC group, most patients had more than one genetic alteration. However, these known alterations could not entirely account for clinicopathological features of high-recurrence risk PTC.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Geographicals",
"Humanities",
"Anatomy",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Information Science",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Electric shock-like sensations in 42 cancer patients: clinical characteristics and distinct etiologies.We retrospectively evaluated 42 consecutive cancer patients manifesting electric shock-like sensations. Fourty three percent presented with Lhermitte's sign (LS), 24% with the previously described outstretching ir. abduction maneuver (OAM) of the arms, and 33% had both phenomena. Twenty nine patients had underlying polyneuropathy related to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in 27 and to thiamine deficiency in 2. Thirtreen patients had myelopathy which was induced by radiotherapy in 11. Patients with polyneuropathy manifested both LS and OAM, while patients with myelopathy more often presented with LS. Neurologic signs suggestive of spinal cord involvement were present in 3 patients with polyneuropathy and in 7 of 11 irradiated patients. MRI disclosed cervical spinal cord swelling in 3 patients with LS. Prolonged cervical latencies on SSER were noted in 5 of 15 patients. All had LS and 3 also had OAM associated with abnormal latencies in the brachial plexi. We conclude that LS and OAM are positive sensory manifestations of increased mechanosensitivity of the damaged central or peripheral sensory axons in the cervico-brachial area. In cancer patients, these phenomena largely manifest treatment-induced myelopathy or polyneuropathy. Auxillary studies help to confirm diagnosis and to depict the uncommon but treatable causes.
|
[
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment"
] |
[
"Information Science",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Geographicals",
"Humanities",
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Manipulation of two á-endo-â-1,4-glucanase genes, AtCel6 and GmCel7, reduces susceptibility to Heterodera glycines in soybean roots.Plant endo-â-1,4-glucanases (EGases) include cell wall-modifying enzymes that are involved in nematode-induced growth of syncytia (feeding structures) in nematode-infected roots. EGases in the á- and â-subfamilies contain signal peptides and are secreted, whereas those in the ã-subfamily have a membrane-anchoring domain and are not secreted. The Arabidopsis á-EGase At1g48930, designated as AtCel6, is known to be down-regulated by beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) in Arabidopsis roots, whereas another á-EGase, AtCel2, is up-regulated. Here, we report that the ectopic expression of AtCel6 in soybean roots reduces susceptibility to both soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) and root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Suppression of GmCel7, the soybean homologue of AtCel2, in soybean roots also reduces the susceptibility to SCN. In contrast, in studies on two ã-EGases, both ectopic expression of AtKOR2 in soybean roots and suppression of the soybean homologue of AtKOR3 had no significant effect on SCN parasitism. Our results suggest that secreted á-EGases are likely to be more useful than membrane-bound ã-EGases in the development of an SCN-resistant soybean through gene manipulation. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that Arabidopsis shares molecular events of cyst nematode parasitism with soybean, and confirms the suitability of the Arabidopsis-H. schachtii interaction as a model for the soybean-H. glycines pathosystem.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Health Care",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Named Groups",
"Geographicals",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Humanities",
"Psychiatry and Psychology"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
A chloroquine resistance locus in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi.We have located a possible chloroquine resistance locus in the genome of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi. Two genetically distinct clones of the parasite were grown in vivo and allowed to undergo genetic crossing. The clones differed from each other in their susceptibility to chloroquine; AS(3CQ) had been selected for a low level of resistance to the drug whereas AJ is chloroquine-sensitive. Independent recombinant progeny (20) were cloned from the products of two crosses, phenotyped for their susceptibility to chloroquine, and genotyped for their inheritance of 46 chromosome-specific markers. No association was found between chloroquine susceptibility and the inheritance of pcmdr1, the P. chabaudi homologue of the pfmdr1 multi-drug resistance gene of P. falciparum. Also, there was no association between chloroquine susceptibility and the inheritance of a marker linked to a putative chloroquine resistance locus in a P. falciparum cross. However, 16 of the progeny clones showed co-segregation of four linked markers on chromosome 11 with their resistance phenotype. This result suggests that a locus for chloroquine resistance exists on this chromosome in P. chabaudi.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Geographicals",
"Information Science",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Health Care",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Named Groups",
"Diseases",
"Humanities",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anatomy",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
[Expression of transcription factor SOX4 and its clinical significance in female lung cancer patients in Xuanwei area, Yunnan Province].OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of transcription factor SOX4 in lung cancer tissues of female patients in Xuanwei area, Yunnan Province, and explore its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of the female patients.METHODS: Real-time PCR was applied on lung cancer specimens and their corresponding normal lung tissues from 96 female cases of Xuanwei area to assess the expression of SOX4 mRNA. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to investigate the SOX4 protein expression, and further to elucidate its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis.RESULTS: The expression level of SOX4 mRNA in the cancer tissues (2.53 ± 1.65) was significantly higher than that of matched normal tissues (1.43 ± 1.14, P = 0.003). Immunohistochemical staining showed that there were 53.1% (51/96) positive expression of SOX4 protein in the cancer tissue and only 26.0% (25/96) in matched normal tissue (P < 0.001). The expression of SOX4 protein had a significant correlation with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and differentiation of tumor (P < 0.05). The survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier method showed that patients with positive expression of SOX4 protein, lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stage had a significantly shorter median survival time (P < 0.05). Cox regression survival analysis showed that pathological grade was a significant independent factor affecting prognosis.CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of SOX4 mRNA and protein are significantly up-regulated in Xuanwei female lung cancer patients. Patients with positive SOX4 expression have a shorter median survival time. SOX4 protein expression level combined with pathological grade can be used as a prognostic indicator of female lung cancer patients in Xuanwei area, Yunnan Province.
|
[
"Named Groups"
] |
[
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Humanities",
"Information Science",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Anatomy",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Disciplines and Occupations"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Direct determination of vibrational density of states change on ligand binding to a protein.The change in the vibrational density of states of a protein (dihydrofolate reductase) on binding a ligand (methotrexate) is determined using inelastic neutron scattering. The vibrations of the complex soften significantly relative to the unbound protein. The resulting free-energy change, which is directly determined by the density of states change, is found to contribute significantly to the binding equilibrium.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Diseases",
"Named Groups",
"Geographicals",
"Humanities",
"Anatomy",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Information Science",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Disciplines and Occupations"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Sonography of Palpable Breast Lumps in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in Nepal.BACKGROUND: With a palpable lesion in the breast, the goal is to diagnose malignancy at the earliest. Ultrasonography is used for evaluating symptomatic patients especially those with dense breasts where mammography gives limited information. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sonographic pattern of the palpable breast lumps and correlate with the final pathological diagnosis.METHODS: This was a retrospective study done at our tertiary health care center, from July 2016 to March 2017, including 121 patients presenting to the ultrasound department with complaint of palpable breast lump and whose pathological reports could be followed up. Various sonographic features were studied, sonography and final diagnosis compared.RESULTS: On sonography, about 46% of the cases were benign, 35 % malignant and 18 % indeterminate while tissue diagnosis revealed 63% to be benign, 34% malignant. The most common lesions in each group and sonographic characteristics were evaluated. Of the benign lesions, fibroadenoma was the most common. Most of the indeterminate lesions on sonography were histologically mastitis. We found nearly 58% of the malignant lesions had microlobulated margins. The sensitivity of sonography was 92.9% and specificity 97.5% with diagnostic accuracy 94.8%.CONCLUSIONS: Most of the palpable lumps were benign in our study, most common being fibroadenoma. We had a relatively higher percentage of malignancy which may be due to patients with obviously benign lesions not undergoing tissue diagnosis in our setting. The sonographic features and diagnosis correlated well with the histological diagnosis.
|
[
"Anatomy"
] |
[
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Information Science",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Humanities"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Migration of endophytic diazotroph Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 inside wheat (Triticum aestivum L) and its effect on microRNAs.Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571, a novel rhizobium, forms endosymbionts with its nature host Sesbania rostrata, a semi-aquatic leguminous tree. Recent studies showed that A. caulinodans ORS571, as endophytic rhizobium, disseminated and colonized inside of cereal plants. However, how this rhizobium infects monocot plants and the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional levels. In this study, we employed laser scanning confocal microscope to monitor the pathway that rhizobium invade wheat; we also investigated the potential role of miRNAs during A. caulinodans ORS571 infecting wheat. Our results showed that gfp-labeled A. caulinodans ORS571 infected wheat root hairs and emerged lateral roots, then disseminated and colonized within roots and migrated to other plant tissues, such as stems and leaves. Endophytic rhizobium induced the aberrant expression of miRNAs in wheat with a tissue- and time-dependent manner with a peak at 12-24 h after rhizobium infection. Some miRNAs, such as miR167 and miR393 responded more in roots than that in shoots. In contrast, miR171 responded higher in shoots than that in roots. These results suggested that miRNAs could be responsive to A. caulinodans ORS571 infection and played important role in plant growth, nutrient metabolisms, and wheat-rhizobium interactions.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Named Groups",
"Health Care",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Humanities",
"Anatomy",
"Diseases",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Geographicals",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Information Science"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
[Clinical observation on effect of compound E-bei ointment in treating plaque psoriasis].OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy oand safety of Compound E-Bei ointment (CEBO) in treating plaque psoriasis.METHODS: Adopting block-randomized, open, positive Western medicine and placebo parallel group controlled method, a total of 120 enrolled patients were administered orally with Saoxuan Pill, and randomized into three groups respectively treated with external application of CEBO, Daivonex, or vehicle control twice a day for 4 weeks. The changes of erythema, infiltration, scaly eruption, pruritus and the area of lesion were evaluated, the safety and the initiating time of symptom improvement (ITSI) were observed as well.RESULTS: Observation on local lesion showed that the scores of erythema, infiltration, scaly eruption, pruritus were significantly improved in difference between the CEBO group and the Daivonex group (P < 0.01). But in the placebo control group, significant improvement was only shown in scaly eruption scores (P < 0.01), so, the improvement in skin lesion in the placebo group was significantly inferior to that in the other two groups (P < 0.01). The ITSI of pruritus was shorter in CEBO group than that in the Daivonex group and the placebo group (P < 0.01), but that of other symptoms showed insignificant difference between the CEBO group and the Daivonex group, as for comparing in ITSI of erythema, infiltration, scaly eruption and pruritus, it was significantly shorter in the CEBO group and Daivonex group than that in the placebo group respectively (P < 0.01). The occurrence of adverse events in the CEBO group had insignificant difference to that in the Daivonex group, but the recurrence rate in the former was significantly lower than that in the latter (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: CEBO can effectively improve the symptoms of skin lesion in patients with plaque psoriasis, the clinical efficacy is not inferior to that of positive Western medicine.
|
[
"Anatomy"
] |
[
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Humanities",
"Information Science",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Geographicals",
"Disciplines and Occupations"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Dose-response effects of atropine and HI-6 treatment of organophosphorus poisoning in guinea pigs.HI-6 (1-2-hydroxyiminomethyl-1-pyridino-3-(4-carbamoyl-1-pyridino -2- oxapropane dichloride) has been evaluated as an oxime alternative to pralidoxime, and toxogonin in the treatment of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning. The dose response effects of atropine (ATR) and HI-6 were investigated to more fully explore the interaction of these compounds in the treatment of OP poisoning. ATR, HI-6 and various combinations of the two drugs were evaluated against lethal poisoning by soman (GD) and tabun (GA) in guinea pigs. The effect of adjunctive diazepam treatment on the efficacy of atropine and HI-6 against soman was also investigated. Animals of either sex were challenged s.c. with OP and treated i.m. 1 min later with ATR and/or HI-6. When used, diazepam was injected immediately after ATR+HI6. LD50s of each treatment were calculated from probit models based on 24-hour survival against 5 levels of nerve agent and 6 animals per challenge level. A protective index (PI) was calculated by dividing the nerve agent LD50 in the presence of treatment by the LD50 in the absence of treatment. Treatment with HI6 alone had little effect on the toxicity of either OP. Treatment with ATR alone was more effective than HI-6 alone and was significantly more effective against soman than against tabun. When used in combination atropine and HI-6 had a strong synergistic effect against both agents. The dose of atropine used with HI-6 was critical in determining the efficacy of HI-6 against either agent. The slopes of the dose-lethality curves were minimally affected by the dose of ATR or HI-6. Adjunctive treatment with diazepam enhanced the efficacy of HI-6 and atropine against soman. It is concluded that 1) ATR has a large effect on the efficacy of HI-6 against OP poisoning, 2) the dose of ATR must be carefully selected in studies investigating the efficacy of HI-6 against OP poisoning, 3) the effective dose of ATR in the guinea pig is approximately 16 mg/kg, and 4) diazepam is a useful adjunct to atropine and HI-6.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Information Science",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Named Groups",
"Humanities",
"Geographicals",
"Anatomy",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Health Care",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Population-based analysis of arteriovenous malformation treatment.OBJECT: The author sought to describe overall management data on cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and to focus the actuarial need for different treatment modalities on a population-based scale. Such data would seem important in the planning of regional or national multimodality strategies for the treatment of AVMs. This analysis of a nonselected, consecutive series of patients representing every diagnosed case of cerebral AVM in a population of 1,000,000 over one decade may serve to shed some light on these treatment aspects.METHODS: During the 11-year period from 1989 to 1999, data from every patient harboring a cerebral AVM that was presented clinically or discovered incidentally in a strictly defined population of 986,000 people were collected prospectively. No patient was lost to follow up. There were 12.4 de novo diagnosed AVMs per 1,000,000 population per year (135 AVMs). Large high-grade AVMs (Spetzler-Martin classification) were rare, and Grade 1 to 3 lesions represented 85% of the caseload. Hemorrhage was the initial manifestation of AVM in 69.6% of the cases. lntracerebral hematoma was the most common hemorrhagic manifestation occurring in 78 patients. There were 4.4 cases per 1,000,000 population per year of hematomas needing expedient surgical evacuation. In the remaining patients who did not require hematoma surgery, small, critically located Grade 3 and Grade 4 lesions amounted to 1.6 cases per 1,000,000 population per year. There were 5.8 cases per 1,000,000 population per year of Grade 1 to 2 and larger noncritically located Grade 3 malformations. There were 0.5 cases per 1,000,000 population per year of Grade 5 AVMs. The overall outcome in 135 patients was classified as good according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (Score 5) in 61% of the cases, and the overall mortality rate was 9%.CONCLUSIONS: In centers with population-based referral, AVM of the brain is predominantly a disease related to intracranial bleeding. and parenchymal clots have a profound impact on overall management outcome. The rupture of an AVM is as devastating as that of an aneurysm. Aneurysm ruptures are more lethal, whereas AVM rupture tends to result in more neurological disability due to the high occurrence of lobar intracerebral hematoma. In an attempt to quantify the need for different modalities of AVM treatment based on a population of 1,000,000 people, figures for surgeries performed range from six to 10 operations per year and embolization as well as gamma knife surgery procedures range from two to seven per year, depending on the strategy at hand. When using nonsurgical approaches to Grade 1 to 3 lesions, the number of patients requiring treatment with more than one method for obliteration increases drastically as does the potential risk for procedure-related complications.
|
[
"Named Groups"
] |
[
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Humanities",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Anatomy",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Geographicals"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Effect of combined therapy of danaparoid sodium and tranexamic acid on chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm.Chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a well-known complication of aortic aneurysm. A 63-year-old man with bleeding tendency and a large palpable abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was diagnosed as having fibrinolysis dominant DIC by the excessive activation of both coagulation and fibrinolysis (plasmin -alpha2 plasmin inhibitor complex concentration is usually >4 microg/ml). Although several treatments were tried, DIC could not be controlled until the patient was given combined therapy of danaparoid (1,250 U/12 h, bolus IV) and tranexamic acid (0.5 g x 3/day, oral administration). This therapy may be beneficial when control for bleeding is required without restricting the ambulatory movement of patients by continuous drip.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anatomy",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Geographicals",
"Humanities",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Health Care"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Virtual reality videos used in undergraduate palliative and oncology medical teaching: results of a pilot study.BACKGROUND: Virtual reality (VR) immersive environments have been shown to be effective in medical teaching. Our university hospital received funding from our deanery, Health Education in Wales, to film teaching videos with a 360-degree camera.AIMS: To evaluate whether VR is an effective and acceptable teaching environment. VR headsets were set up for medical students who rotated through Velindre Cancer Hospital's Palliative Care department.METHODS: Students were asked to put on a VR headset and experience a pre-recorded 27 min presentation on nausea and vomiting in palliative care settings. They subsequently viewed a radiotherapy treatment experience from a patient's point of view.RESULTS: Of the 72 medical students who participated, 70 found the experience comfortable, with two students stating they felt the experience uncomfortable (1=headset too tight; 1=blurry visuals). Numerical scoring on ability to concentrate in VR from 0 to 10 (0=worst, 10=best) scored an average of 8.44 (range, 7-10). Asked whether this format suited their learning style, average score was 8.31 (range 6-10). 97.2 % (n=70) students stated that they would recommend this form of learning to a colleague, with one student saying he/she would not recommend and another stating he/she was unsure. Students left anonymous free-text feedback comments which helped frame future needs in this emerging area.DISCUSSION: This study suggests that there is room for exploring new ways of delivering teaching and expanding it more widely in palliative care and oncology, but also provides feedback on areas that need further careful attention. Comments from students included: "Might have been the novelty factor but I learnt more from this 20 min VR thing than I have from many lectures".SUMMARY: The project has proved sufficiently popular in medical student feedback, that the VR experience is now available on YouTube and has been permanently introduced into routine teaching. Further 360-degree teaching environments have been filmed. Of note is that our 360-degree videos have been viewed in Africa, so this format of teaching could prove valuable due to its global reach.
|
[
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena"
] |
[
"Diseases",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Humanities",
"Anatomy",
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Radiological heart enlargement in treated hypertensive men: a comparative study of chest X-ray examination and M-mode echocardiography.Twenty-five hypertensives with no history of myocardial infarction and with a radiologically determined heart enlargement were examined with M-mode echocardiography and compared with a normotensive control group (n = 41). All except two of the hypertensive patients were on a beta-blocker based antihypertensive treatment regime. The relative heart volume on X-ray was significantly larger in the hypertensives, 562 ml m-2 body surface area (BSA), compared to the normotensives, 408 ml m-2 BSA (P less than 0.001). Both left ventricular diameter (LVD) in end-diastole and end-systole and left arterial (LA) diameter were significantly larger in the hypertensives (56 vs. 51 mm, P less than 0.01; 35 vs. 31 mm, P less than 0.01; 46 vs. 42 mm, P less than 0.01, respectively) as was the LV mass (296 vs. 203 g, P less than 0.001). The end-systolic wall stress (ESWS) was significantly greater in the hypertensives. Despite these findings resting left ventricular fractional shortening was the same and showed a similar correlation with ESWS (r = 0.79 and r = 0.77, respectively) in both groups. Hence, left ventricular systolic performance was not impaired in the hypertensives compared to the normotensives. These results show that an enlarged cardiac silhouette on the chest X-ray in hypertensive subjects with beta-blocker based drug therapy must be interpreted with caution and must not, a priori, be judged as a sign of an impaired systolic cardiac function.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anatomy",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Geographicals",
"Information Science",
"Humanities",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Health Care"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Exencephaly and axial skeletal malformations induced by maternal administration of sodium valproate in the MF1 mouse.Clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that maternal use of valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy causes an increased risk for spina bifida in the fetus. A proportion of infants exposed to VPA in utero exhibit a characteristic pattern of facial malformations. Despite the developmental interdependence of the neural plate and paraxial mesoderm during normal morphogenesis, the possible involvement of the axial skeleton in VPA-induced NTD has not been clearly documented. So the objective of this investigation was to determine the nature and extent of involvement of the axial skeleton in VPA-induced exencephaly in the mouse. A single dose of 600 mg/kg of sodium valproate was administered (IP) to MF1 mouse on day 8 of gestation. This treatment resulted in significant increase in resorption, reduction in mean fetal weight, and exencephaly (25%) of live fetuses. Several craniofacial malformations and subcutaneous haematomas were associated with exencephaly. Alizarin red-stained skeletal preparations revealed maxillary-, mandibular hypoplasia, absence of skull vault, hypoplasia and/or agenesis of basicranial bones, and obtuse angulation of the craniovertebral junction. Hemivertebrae, longitudinal fusion of the vertebral arches and bodies, accessory ribs (cervical and lumbar), fusion of thoracic ribs, and several patterns of sternal variations were observed. Nonexencephalic VPA-treated embryos exhibited mandibular, maxillary hypoplasia, arched and cleft palates, cleft lip, kinky tail, and vertebral and sternal anomalies. Treated embryos at early stages of development revealed delay in elevation and fusion of neural folds, distended IVth ventricle, kinky spinal cord, incomplete separation of somites and growth retardation. When viewed in light of the published work on VPA action on embryonic systems, these observations suggest that abnormalities associated with VPA-induced exencephaly may be due to either a direct action of VPA on the precursors of these organs or secondary to its action on neural tube. A significantly high incidence of NTD and their consistent association with defective development of the axial skeleton suggest that this is an excellent experimental model for investigating the pathogenetic mechanism(s) of VPA induced NTD.
|
[
"Diseases"
] |
[
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Information Science",
"Named Groups",
"Health Care",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Humanities",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Geographicals"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
A workforce survey of New Zealand medical oncologists.AIM: There is wide recognition that the challenge of providing health care into the future requires planning for a sustainable workforce particularly in the context of increasing service demand. The Medical Oncology Work Group (MOWG) undertook a survey of vocationally registered medical oncologists which aimed to support future workforce planning and the development of models of care.METHODS: The survey was developed and carried out by the MOWG in conjunction with the Ministry of Health during 2009. Medical oncologists were sent the survey and forwarded unnamed completed responses to one of the authors (SB).RESULTS: A total of 33 out of 40 practising medical oncologists completed the survey, representing an 82% response rate. The survey found that there is an emerging movement from a male-dominated workforce largely working full time, to a workforce with a higher proportion of females and part-time workers. The median full-time medical oncologist in New Zealand was responsible for 220 first specialist assessments (FSAs) per annum, 40 more than the number considered reasonable by the surveyed practitioners. In qualitative responses, medical oncologists expressed frustration with lack of resources and high workloads that constrained their ability to appropriately deploy their skills and undertake teaching and research. Positive aspects included collegial collaboration and patient contact. Prominent suggestions for improving job satisfaction included use of skilled administrative staff or nurse specialists to free up time for oncologists to better use their skills.CONCLUSION: The survey highlights high clinical workload and frustration within the medical oncology workforce. In addition there is increasing service demand. This survey has formed the basis of work to develop new models of care in medical oncology.
|
[
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment"
] |
[
"Diseases",
"Information Science",
"Humanities",
"Anatomy",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
A subinhibitory concentration of clarithromycin inhibits Mycobacterium avium biofilm formation.Mycobacterium avium causes disseminated infection in immunosuppressed individuals and lung infection in patients with chronic lung diseases. M. avium forms biofilm in the environment and possibly in human airways. Antibiotics with activity against the bacterium could inhibit biofilm formation. Clarithromycin inhibits biofilm formation but has no activity against established biofilm.
|
[
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment"
] |
[
"Named Groups",
"Geographicals",
"Humanities",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Health Care",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Development of autoimmune hepatitis in patients with typical primary biliary cirrhosis.Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)-autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) overlap syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by the occurrence of both conditions at the same time in the same patient. In addition to PBC-AIH overlap syndrome, transitions from one autoimmune disease to another have been reported, but no systematic series have been published. We report a series of 12 patients with consecutive occurrence of PBC and AIH (i.e., PBC followed by AIH). Among 282 PBC patients, 39 were identified who fulfilled criteria for probable or definitive AIH. AIH developed in 12 patients (4.3%). The baseline characteristics of the patients were similar to those of patients with classical PBC. Time elapsed between the diagnosis of PBC and the diagnosis of AIH varied from 6 months to 13 years. Patients with multiple flares of hepatitis at the time of diagnosis of AIH had cirrhosis on liver biopsy. Ten patients were given prednisone +/- azathioprine; short-term as well as sustained remissions were obtained in 8 of these, while two had multiple relapses and eventually died 8 and 7 years after diagnosis of AIH. In conclusion, the development of superimposed AIH could not be predicted from baseline characteristics and initial response to UDCA therapy. If not detected early, superimposed AIH can result in rapid progression toward cirrhosis and liver failure in PBC patients.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Information Science",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Humanities",
"Anatomy",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Colonization by fragments of the submerged macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum under different sediment type and density conditions.In this paper, the effect of plant density, sediment type, and macrophyte fragment size on the fragment colonization ability of Myriophyllum spicatum was evaluated in an outdoor experiment. The relative growth rate (RGR) was higher in the mud and low-density treatments than in the sand and high-density treatments. The relative elongation rate (RER) decreased with increasing density and fragment size, with RER values being much higher in the mud than the sand treatments. Both branching number and shoot diameter increased with decreasing density and increasing fragment size, and were significantly higher in the mud than the sand treatments. The shoot : root ratio was higher in the mud treatments than in the sand treatments. Total N content in both the shoot and root was significantly higher in the mud and low-density treatments than in the sand and high-density treatments. Shoot P content only decreased with increasing density, while root P content was higher in the mud and low-density treatments than in the sand and high-density treatments. These data indicate that fragment colonization by M. spicatum is improved by large fragments, low density, and nutrient-rich sediments, and that these conditions contribute to the rapid population expansion of this species.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Information Science",
"Named Groups",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Diseases",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Humanities",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Geographicals"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Glycerol-induced development of catalytically active conformation of Crotalus adamanteus L-amino acid oxidase in vitro.The reconstitutable apoprotein of Crotalus adamanteus L-amino acid oxidase was prepared using hydrophobic interaction chromatography. After reconstitution with flavin adenine dinucleotide, the resulting protein was inactive, with a perturbed conformation of the flavin binding site. Subsequently, a series of cosolvent-dependent compact intermediates was identified. The nearly complete activation of the reconstituted apoprotein and the restoration of its native flavin binding site was achieved in the presence of 50% glycerol. We provide evidence that in addition to a merely stabilizing effect of glycerol on native proteins, glycerol can also have a restorative effect on their compact equilibrium intermediates, and we suggest the hydrophobic effect as a dominating force in this in vitro-assisted restorative process.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Diseases",
"Health Care",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Information Science",
"Geographicals",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Humanities",
"Named Groups",
"Anatomy"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Spinal cord compression by a rheumatoid nodule.A case, believed to be unique, is reported of spinal cord compression due to an extradural rheumatoid nodule.
|
[
"Anatomy"
] |
[
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Named Groups",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Health Care",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Information Science",
"Humanities",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Geographicals",
"Disciplines and Occupations"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Variations in daylight as a contextual cue for estimating season, time of day, and weather conditions.Experience and experiments on human color constancy (i.e., Arend & Reeves, 1986; Craven & Foster, 1992) tell us that we are capable of judging the illumination. However, when asked to make a match of the illuminant's color and brightness, human observers seem to be quite poor (Granzier, Brenner, & Smeets, 2009a). Here we investigate whether human observers use (rather than match) daylight for estimating ecologically important dimensions: time of year, time of day, and outdoor temperature. In the first three experiments we had our observers evaluate calibrated color images of an outdoor urban scene acquired throughout a year. Although some observers could estimate the month and the temperature, overall they were quite poor at judging the time of day. In particular, observers were not able to discriminate between morning and afternoon pictures even when they were allowed to compare multiple images captured on the same day (Experiment 3). However, observers could distinguish between midday and sunset and sunrise daylight. Classification analysis showed that, given a perfect knowledge of its variation, an ideal observer could have performed the task over chance only considering the average chromatic variation in the picture. Instead, our observers reported using shadows to detect the position of the sun in order to estimate the time of day. However, this information is highly unreliable without knowledge of the orientation of the scene. In Experiment 4 we used an LED chamber in order to present our observers with lights whose chromaticity and illuminance varied along the daylight locus, thus isolating the light cues from the sun position cue. We conclude that discriminating the slight variations in chromaticity and brightness, which potentially distinguish morning and afternoon illuminations, lies beyond the ability of human observers.
|
[
"Psychiatry and Psychology"
] |
[
"Humanities",
"Named Groups",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Geographicals",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Diseases",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anatomy",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
A 2-year follow-up of root coverage using sub-pedicle acellular dermal matrix allografts and subepithelial connective tissue autografts.BACKGROUND: Coverage of roots exposed by gingival recession is one of the main objectives of periodontal reconstructive surgery. A large variety of mucogingival grafting procedures are available. However, the long-term effectiveness of this procedure is still not clear. This study compared the effectiveness of sub-pedicle acellular dermal matrix allografts with subepithelial connective tissue autografts in achieving root coverage 2 years postoperatively.METHODS: One hundred one (101) patients were treated with dermal matrix allografts (mean age, 28.4+/- 0.7 years; mean recession, 4.2 mm) and 65 patients treated with connective tissue graft (mean age, 30.1+/- 1.4 years; mean recession, 4.9 mm). All patients underwent full periodontal evaluation and presurgical preparation, including oral hygiene instruction and scaling and root planing. The exposed roots were thoroughly planed and covered by a graft without any further root treatment or conditioning. There were no differences in the average age, time of follow-up, or gender between the two groups. Patients were evaluated periodically between 1 and 2 years. Residual recession and defect coverage were assessed.RESULTS: Mean residual root recession after root coverage with acellular dermal matrix allograft was 0.2 +/- 0.04 mm, with defect coverage of 95.9% +/- 0.9%. Frequency of defect coverage was 82.2%. Root coverage was 98.8% +/- 0.2%, resulting in a frequency of root coverage of 100%. Gain in keratinized gingiva was 2.2+/- 0.04 mm and attachment gain was 4.5+/- 0.1 mm per patient. Connective tissue autografts resulted in mean residual root recession of 0.1+/- 0.04 mm, with percent defect coverage of 97.8%+/- 0.6% and frequency of defect coverage of 95.4%. Root coverage was 99.1%+/- 0.2%, and frequency of root coverage was 100%. Gain in keratinized gingiva was 3.0+/- 0.1 mm and attachment gain was 5.3+/- 0.2 mm per patient. No significant differences in final recession and root coverage between the two treatment methods were found. However, autografts resulted in significant increases in defect coverage, keratinized gingival gain, attachment gain, and residual probing depth. The clinical results were stable for the 2-year follow-up period.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that coverage of root by sub-pedicle acellular dermal matrix allografts or subepithelial connective tissue autografts is a very predictable procedure which is stable for 2 years postoperatively. However, subepithelial connective tissue autografts resulted in significant increases in defect coverage, keratinized gingival gain, attachment gain, and residual probing depth.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Humanities",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Geographicals"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Microbial transformations of steroids--III. Transformation of progesterone by Sepedonium ampullosporum.The 16 alpha-steroid hydroxylating fungus Sepedonium ampullosporum (CMI strain 203 033) transformed progesterone into 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and four other major metabolites which have not been reported previously for this organism, 6 beta-hydroxyprogesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 16 alpha-hydroxyandrostenedione and 16-oxotestosterone (16-ketotestosterone). Among the minor metabolites we have been able to identify 15 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. This compound has not been reported for S. ampullosporum. The conditions used for transformation had comparatively little effect on the relative proportions of products formed, 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone always being the predominant metabolite, but had a major effect on the total yields of metabolites isolatable. These findings suggest that one or more constitutive enzyme systems were responsible for the transformations.
|
[
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
[
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Named Groups",
"Diseases",
"Information Science",
"Humanities",
"Geographicals",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anatomy",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Health Care"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
HER-2/neu expression in ovarian clear cell carcinomas.HER-2 /neu is a 185-kDa glycoprotein and a transmembrane receptor with tyrosine kinase activity. Its overexpression is observed in 25-30% of primary breast carcinomas and is associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Japanese Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Labor approved the use of trastuzumab (Herceptin, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast carcinomas overexpressing HER-2 /neu. Results of clinical trials with Herceptin suggest that it may prolong the survival of patients with advanced metastatic breast carcinoma. Relatively little is known concerning the relationship between HER-2 /neu status and ovarian clear cell carcinoma. If HER-2 /neu overexpression status were demonstrable in ovarian clear cell carcinoma and a clinical correlation between overexpression and prognosis could be established, a rationale for clinical use of Herceptin for this tumor could be established. Our aim was to evaluate HER-2 /neu status in ovarian clear cell carcinomas. Fifteen ovarian clear cell carcinoma cases were immunostained for HER-2 /neu using HercepTest (DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark). Overexpression of HER-2 /neu was detected in only one case. Unlike in breast carcinoma, HER-2 /neu overexpression appeared to be uncommon in ovarian clear cell carcinomas. Herceptin may thus target only a small proportion of ovarian clear cell carcinomas and be of limited clinical value for treatment of this carcinoma.
|
[
"Diseases"
] |
[
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Geographicals",
"Humanities",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Health Care",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anatomy"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
[The risk of stent thrombosis in the perioperative setting].Percutaneous coronary interventions associated with a need for long-term dual anti-platelet therapy are steadily increasing. Accordingly, reports of severe perioperative complications in this high-risk group of patients are also increasing. Complications can be categorized into two groups: coronary ischemia or myocardial infarction due to acute stent thrombosis or increased blood loss. Risk of stent thrombosis is higher compared to the risk of bleeding. The article discusses the perioperative management based on an informative case report and recent evidence: Elective surgery has to be postponed until the end of dual anti-platelet therapy. Management of patients planned for semi-elective surgery should be individualized with interdisciplinary consensus. If clopidogrel is withdrawn, aspirin should be administered throughout the perioperative period. Careful surgical technique is required. If surgery is planned within 12 months, implantation of bare metal stents is recommended.
|
[
"Psychiatry and Psychology"
] |
[
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Humanities",
"Geographicals",
"Anatomy",
"Disciplines and Occupations"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Weekly 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin: achieving lower toxicity with higher dose-intensity in adjuvant chemotherapy after colorectal cancer resection.BACKGROUND: Current standard therapy following resection of high-risk colon cancer is intravenous bolus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with leucovorin (LV), but there is no consensus on the optimum regimen of these drugs: practice ranges from the high toxicity Mayo Clinic schedule to the very low toxicity weekly QUASAR schedule. We present data for a weekly schedule that aims to provide moderately dose-intense treatment with low toxicity.PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty-two patients were studied: 60% male; median age 65 years (36% over 70 years); 94% colorectal primary. Treatment was intravenous bolus (5 min) 5-FU 425 mg/m(2) plus D,L-LV 45 mg flat rate once weekly, for a planned 24 weeks. Data for toxicity, dose-reductions, delays and stoppages were collected.RESULTS: Overall, 20% of patients experienced any grade > or = 3 toxicity, most commonly diarrhoea (14% patients). Dose reductions were made in 35% of patients (although only 21% required 20% or more reduction); toxicity contributed to a decision to stop treatment before 24 weeks in 16% of patients. Median delivered dose intensity (DI) was 96% of planned (407 mg/m(2)/week) during treatment, and 91% of planned (385 mg/m(2)/week) over the full 24 week treatment plan. Female sex and age >70 years were significantly associated with higher rates of toxicity and dose adjustment, and lower delivered DI.CONCLUSIONS: Weekly treatment at these doses is convenient and well-tolerated for the large majority of patients, and achieves DI comparable with the 5 days a month QUASAR schedule and other more toxic standard regimens.
|
[
"Health Care"
] |
[
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Anatomy",
"Geographicals",
"Humanities",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
RNA-like conformational properties of a synthetic DNA poly(dA-dU).poly(dA-dU).Differences in the circular dichroism of poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) and poly(dA-dU).poly(dA-dU) and in its temperature induced changes are reported. A comparison to the data obtained with DNA and RNA indicates that an absence of thymine methyl groups in the polynucleotide results in promoting its RNA-like conformational properties. However, poly(dA-dU).poly(dA-dU) is not an A-DNA type of double helix.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anatomy",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Health Care",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Humanities",
"Information Science",
"Diseases",
"Geographicals",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Named Groups"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
EPA-coated titanium implants promote osteoconduction in white New Zealand rabbits.OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-coated Ti implants on osteoconduction in white New Zealand rabbit mandibles.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sandblasted and cleansed planar titanium specimens with a size of 5 ? 5 ? 1 mm were coated on one side with 0.25 vol% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The other side of the specimens was kept highly polished (the control side). These specimens were inserted in rabbit mandibles. Twelve rabbits were randomly assigned into three study groups (n = 4). The rabbits were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The harvested specimens with the implants were assessed for new bone formation on both sides of the implant using CBCT, conventional radiographs, and the biaxial pullout test. The results were statistically analyzed by a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Friedman's test as multiple comparisons and by Brunner-Langer nonparametric mixed model approach (R Software).RESULTS: A significant osteoconductive bone formation was found on the EPA-coated Ti implant surface (P < 0.05) at 8 weeks when compared to the polished surface (control). Biaxial pullout test results showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) after 8 and 12 weeks with a maximum force of 243.8 N, compared to 143.25 N after 4 week.CONCLUSION: EPA implant coating promoted osteoconduction on the Ti implant surfaces, enhancing the anchorage of the implant to the surrounding bone in white New Zealand rabbits.
|
[
"Anatomy"
] |
[
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Humanities",
"Diseases",
"Information Science",
"Geographicals",
"Named Groups",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Psychiatry and Psychology"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Mutations in the nucleotide binding domain of the alpha subunits of the F1-ATPase from thermophilic Bacillus PS3 that affect cross-talk between nucleotide binding sites.Inactivation of MF1 (bovine mitochondrial F1-ATPase) with 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoylethenoadenosine is caused by labeling alpha Y244 [Verburg, J. G., and Allison, W. S. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 8065-8074]. In the crystal structure [Abrahams, J.P., Leslie, A. G. W., Lutter, R., and Walker, J. E. (1994) Nature 370, 621-628], alpha Y244 is hydrogen bonded to alpha R304 which is also hydrogen bonded to alpha Y300. The catalytic properties of mutant alpha 3 beta 3 gamma subcomplexes of the TF1-ATPase from the thermophilic Bacillus PS3 containing the alpha F244C, alpha R304C, and alpha Y300C substitutions have been examined. Each has unique features for hydrolyzing ATP and forming inhibitory ADP-fluoroaluminate complexes in catalytic sites. Unlike wild-type, the (alpha R304C)3 beta 3 gamma and (alpha Y300C)3 beta 3 gamma subcomplexes entrap inhibitory MgADP in a catalytic site during turnover which fails to dissociate when ATP binds to noncatalytic sites. Although the hydrolytic properties of the (alpha F244C)3 beta 3 gamma subcomplex and wild-type are similar, the mutant forms ADP-fluoroaluminate complexes 7 times faster than wild-type when Al3+ and F- are added to it in the presence of excess ADP and Mg2+. It also resists inhibition by high Mg2+ concentrations in the assay medium. At least one noncatalytic site of the (alpha F244C)3 beta 3 gamma subcomplex has increased affinity for ADP, indicating that the enhanced rate of formation of the ADP-fluoroaluminate complex reflects augmented cooperativity between noncatalytic and catalytic sites. The rate of formation of the ADP-fluoroaluminate complex in (alpha Y300C)3 beta 3 gamma increases only 40% when MgADP in bound to two catalytic sites rather than one, compared to a 9-fold increase exhibited by wild type. When Al3+ and F- are added to the (alpha Y300C)3 beta 3 gamma subcomplex after incubation with excess ADP and Mg2+, ADP-fluoroaluminate complexes are formed in three catalytic sites rather than two observed with the other subcomplexes. Reconciliation of the catalytic properties of the mutant subcomplexes in terms of the crystal structure suggests that alpha F244, alpha R304, and alpha Y300 of TF1 are part of a pathway that propagates conformational signals from one catalytic site to another.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Named Groups",
"Information Science",
"Diseases",
"Health Care",
"Geographicals",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anatomy",
"Humanities",
"Disciplines and Occupations"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Development of a Functional Ruthenium(II) Complex that Can Act as a Photoluminescent and Electrochemiluminescent Dual-signaling Probe for Hypochlorous Acid.A functional ruthenium(II) complex that can act as a probe for response to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in aqueous media with photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) dual-signals, [Ru(bpy)2(DB-phen)](PF6)2 [bpy: 2,2'-bipyridine; DB-phen: 5-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylamino)-1,10-phenanthroline)], has been designed and synthesized. The complex is highly luminescent both under the light excitation and the electrochemical induction. It can specifically react with HOCl in physiological pH aqueous media to afford its chlorinated derivative, [Ru(bpy)2(DBCA-phen)](PF6)2 [DBCA-phen: 5-(2,4-dimethoxybenzyl-chloroamino)- 1,10-phenanthroline], accompanied by remarkable decreases in its PL and ECL intensities. The PL and ECL abatements of [Ru(bpy)2(DB-phen)](PF6)2 show good linear correlation to the concentration of HOCl with detection limits at low micromolar concentration level, and the PL and ECL responses of the complex to HOCl are highly specific without interferences of other reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. These features enabled [Ru(bpy)2(DB-phen)](PF6)2 to be used as a probe for the highly selective and sensitive detection of HOCl in aqueous media with PL and ECL dual-modes.
|
[
"Phenomena and Processes"
] |
[
"Organisms",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Geographicals",
"Diseases",
"Health Care",
"Named Groups",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Anatomy",
"Humanities",
"Information Science"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Mating behaviour of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. paraensei in concurrent infections in hamsters.Young adults of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. paraensei were recovered from hamsters previously infected with metacercarial cysts. Some worms of each species were exposed for 1 h to 3-H-tyrosine to label sperm and transplanted singly to uninfected hamsters with several unlabelled worms of the same or opposite species or both species. After 5 days, recovered worms were processed for paraffin sectioning and autoradiography. The resulting slides were observed for the location of radioactive sperm in the seminal receptacles of donor (labelled) and recipient (unlabelled) worms. When E. trivolvis was the donor with the recipient E. paraensei, self-insemination took place, but only one interspecies mating occurred out of 72 possible recipient worms. When E. paraensei served as the donor, self-insemination again occurred, but no cross-insemination was observed among the 59 E. trivolvis recipient worms. When single donor worms had a choice of either species of recipient worms, no interspecies mating took place, but both self- and cross-insemination occurred in the normal, unrestricted behaviour found in single species mating studies. Rates of both self- and cross-insemination were higher in concurrent infections of both recipient species than in single species mating studies. After transplant, both species localized in their natural habitat within the small intestine, with 1/3 overlapping in the duodenum, making interspecies mating a possibility. The correlation between mating and electrophoretic studies on the genetic relationship between 37-collar-spined echinostomes is discussed.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Health Care",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Anatomy",
"Named Groups",
"Information Science",
"Humanities",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Geographicals"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Preliminary studies on the detection, isolation and partial characterization of Clq-containing IgM immune complexes in sera of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.The complement system is activated in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and this activated state may be medicated by immunoreactive IgM. To identify and further characterize the relationship between the complement (Clq) and IgM in PBC sera, we developed an anti-Clq ELISA method which allowed detection of Clq-containing circulating immune-like complexes. Utilizing this technique, sera from 3 out of 5 patients with PBC revealed circulating immune-like complexes. Moreover, when serum samples were specifically examined for the presence of IgM containing Clq complexes, four of four samples examined were positive. Additional experiments indicated that these immune-like complexes could be removed from PBC sera by means of an anti-Clq immunoadsorbent. Upon subsequent isolation and characterization, these immune-like complexes demonstrated polypeptide chains corresponding to both human Clq and human IgM. Our experimental studies establish that Clq-containing IgM-like complexes can occur in the serum of patients with PBC, and provide additional support for the proposal that immunoreactive IgM can contribute to the activated complement system observed in PBC.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Health Care",
"Geographicals",
"Anatomy",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Named Groups",
"Humanities"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Establishment and maintenance of behavioural dominance in male mice infected with Trichinella spiralis.Trichinella spiralis infections influenced the establishment and maintenance of behavioural dominance among outbred male mice. Infected animals assumed a subordinate status when challenged by normal or more lightly infected conspecifics both in an unfamiliar test arena and in their established home cages. These effects were demonstrable during the acute and the chronic phases of infection. The significance of this phenomenon to the survival of the mouse host and the transmission of the parasite is discussed.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Named Groups",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Humanities",
"Geographicals",
"Health Care",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Information Science",
"Anatomy",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Outcome of open Tenckhoff catheter insertions: 5 years experience in a major tertiary centre in central Saudi Arabia.BACKGROUND: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has become a popular and established form of renal replacement therapy in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of this study was to analyse the outcome of open Tenckhoff catheter insertions in patients with ESRD in term of catheter related complications.METHODS: From December 2006 to November 2011, 337 Tenckhoff catheters were placed in 305 patients with ESRD for CAPD, by general surgeons in King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Medical record of all these patients was reviewed retrospectively regarding the demography, causes of ESRD, catheter related complications, and their management.RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 51.2 +/- 14.5 (range, 16-87 years). Majority of the patients were female 164 (53.7%). Forty three patients (14.1%) had previous abdominal surgery. Diabetic nephropathy was the commonest (51.4%) primary cause of ESRD. Ninety three insertions (27.5%) were associated with complications. Post insertion peritonitis was the commonest complication (9.2%) in our series, followed by mechanical dysfunction (8.6%). Fifty two catheters (15.4%) were removed because of different complications. Follow up ranged between 4-47 months with a mean of 21.4 +/- 11.2 months.CONCLUSIONS: Open surgical approach is simple, safe, and effective method of Tenckhoff catheter insertion with an acceptable complication rate, provided patients are adequately optimized and prepared for surgery.
|
[
"Geographicals"
] |
[
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Humanities",
"Anatomy",
"Information Science",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
The evolution of a community-based telepsychiatry program in rural Alabama: lessons learned-a brief report.The purpose of this paper is to describe the partnership between a community-based rural mental health clinic and an academic health center to provide telepsychiatry services in rural Alabama. The partnership was developed to meet the needs of a clinic that serves an underserved rural population with limited psychiatric services. This paper offers valuable lessons learned for mental health practitioners who may be considering the benefits and challenges of forming community-based partnerships in use of telepsychiatry to build capacity to deliver clinical mental health services to rural mental health shortage areas.
|
[
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena"
] |
[
"Named Groups",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Diseases",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Humanities",
"Anatomy",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
[Prescribing valproate to girls and women of childbearing age in Germany : Analysis of trends based on claims data].BACKGROUND: Measures to raise awareness of the teratogenic potential of valproate and restrict its use in girls/women of childbearing age have been intensified. For Germany, the impact of these measures on valproate prescription rates remains unknown.OBJECTIVES: Trends in prescribing valproate, the underlying treatment indication, and the specialty of the prescribing physician are analyzed.MATERIALS AND METHODS: With claims data from several statutory health insurance providers from 2004 to 2016 (approximately 3.5 million insured persons per year) considering treatment indication and medical specialties of prescribing physicians, we assessed the rate of girls/women (12 to 50 years) with at least one valproate dispensation per year.RESULTS: The age-standardized rate of girls/women with at least one valproate dispensation declined by 28% between 2004 and 2016 (2.91/1000 vs. 2.09/1000). For 2015, the indications were epilepsy (66.9%), bipolar disorder (13.6%), migraine/headache (5.6%), schizoaffective disorder (4.3%), and other mental disorders (8.9%). Among epilepsy patients, the proportion treated with valproate declined from 26.2 to 16.8%, but changed little in patients with bipolar disorder (9.3% vs. 8.0%). A total of 46.3% of valproate dispensations were issued by neurologists or psychiatrists and 29.6% by general practitioners, internal medicine specialists, or family doctors.CONCLUSIONS: Based on German claims data, a decline of valproate dispensations was shown for epilepsy patients of childbearing age, while the proportion in other indications has hardly changed since 2004.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Humanities",
"Information Science",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Anatomy"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
ã-Tocotrienol attenuates TNF-á-induced changes in secretion and gene expression of MCP-1, IL-6 and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Tocotrienols, members of the vitamin E family, have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties and display activity against a variety of chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. However, whether tocotrienols contribute to the prevention of inflammatory responses in adipose tissue remains to be elucidated. In this study, we examined the effects of ã-tocotrienol, the most common tocotrienol isomer, on tumor necrosis factor-á (TNF-á)-induced inflammatory responses by measuring the expression of the adipokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Exposure to TNF-á (10 ng/ml) for 24 h increased MCP-1 and IL-6 secretion, and decreased adiponectin secretion and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-ã (PPARã) mRNA expression. ã-tocotrienol effectively improved the TNF-á-induced adverse changes in MCP-1, IL-6 and adiponectin secretion, and in MCP-1, IL-6, adiponectin and PPARã mRNA expression. Furthermore, TNF-á-mediated IêB-á phosphorylation and nuclear factor-êB (NF-êB) activation were significantly suppressed by the ã-tocotrienol treatment. Our results suggest that ã-tocotrienol may improve obesity-related functional abnormalities in adipocytes by attenuating NF-êB activation and the expression of inflammatory adipokines.
|
[
"Anatomy"
] |
[
"Diseases",
"Health Care",
"Geographicals",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Named Groups",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Humanities",
"Information Science",
"Psychiatry and Psychology"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Long-term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Open Surgery for Clinical Stage II/III Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Cohort Study in Japan (LOC-A Study).OBJECTIVE: A large-scale multicenter historical cohort study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) in comparison to open gastrectomy (OG) for locally advanced gastric cancer.BACKGROUND: LG is now practiced widely, but its applicability for advanced gastric cancer is still controversial. As oncologic outcomes of randomized trials are still pending, there is an urgent need for information that would be relevant to current practice.METHODS: Through a consensus meeting involving surgeons and biostatisticians, 30 preoperative variables possibly influencing the choice of surgical approach and associated with outcome were identified to enable rigorous estimation of propensity scores. A total of 1948 consecutive patients who underwent gastrectomy for clinical stage II/III gastric adenocarcinoma between 2008 and 2014 were identified, and their clinical data were collected from 8 participating hospitals. After propensity score matching, 610 cases (OG = 305, LG = 305) were finally selected for comparison of long-term outcomes.RESULTS: In the propensity-matched OG and LG populations, the mean observation period was 3.5 and 3.4 years, and the 5-year overall survival was 53.0% and 54.2%, respectively. The hazard ratio (LG/OG) for overall survival was 1.01 (95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.29), and noninferiority of LG was demonstrated statistically as the upper 95% confidence limit was less than the prespecified margin (1.33). The recurrence rate was 30.8% and 29.8% for OG and LG, respectively, and the hazard ratio for recurrence was 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.74-1.31). The patterns of recurrence in the 2 groups were similar.CONCLUSIONS: This observational study strictly adjusted for confounding factors has provided evidence to suggest that LG is oncologically comparable to OG for locally advanced gastric cancer. The validity of this result will be examined in ongoing randomized trials.
|
[
"Geographicals"
] |
[
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Information Science",
"Anatomy",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Humanities",
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Soluble HLA class I and class II concentrations in commercial immunoglobulin preparations.Soluble HLA class I (sHLA-ABC) and class II (sHLA-RQP) molecules were quantitated in 16 commercially available immunoglobulin (Ig) preparations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Whereas three Ig preparations contained no detectable sHLA-ABC, all preparations showed concomitant sHLA-RQP molecules. There was a considerable variability with regard to the individual sHLA concentrations. For sHLA-RQP the values exceeded that found in human plasma of healthy individuals, suggesting that the extraction procedure may concentrate not only Ig, but also HLA class II molecules. Based on the total dosage of intravenously administered immunoglobulins (i.v.Ig), contaminating sHLA molecules may become immunogenic. Furthermore, sHLA molecules are discussed in terms of participation in the well-known immunomodulating effects of i.v.Ig therapy.
|
[
"Organisms"
] |
[
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Anatomy",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Humanities",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Health Care",
"Information Science",
"Named Groups",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Diseases",
"Geographicals"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Clinical and Economic Impact of Time From Admission for CSF Rhinorrhea to Surgical Repair.BACKGROUND: If conservative management of CSF leak is unsuccessful, surgical repair is indicated for the prevention of severe complications such as meningitis. This study investigated the influence of surgical timing on clinical and economic outcomes.METHODS: Retrospective review of the National Inpatient Sample (2012) and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2002-2011) for nonelective admissions with a principal diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea treated with surgical repair of the meninges. Demographics and outcomes of patients undergoing meningeal repair for CSF rhinorrhea were analyzed. Cases were classified into four groups based on timing of surgical intervention: 1) performed on the day of admission (day 0), 2) performed between days 1 and 3, 3) performed between days 4 and 7, and 4) performed between days 8 and 14.RESULTS: A total of 1,088 emergent admissions were analyzed. On average, patients underwent surgical repair between the second and fourth day of admission. Lowest rates of meningitis were in patients treated on the day of admission (6.1%); those treated at 2 weeks had a 34.7% incidence. Multivariate analysis controlling for comorbidity burden, gender, and surgical timing found the highest odds of meningitis in patients treated with surgical repair during the second week of admission compared to repair on the day of admission (OR 8.2, P < .001). Length of stay (LOS) and hospital costs increased as time to repair increased.CONCLUSION: Multiple factors influence outcomes in patients with CSF rhinorrhea. Early surgical repair was significantly associated with decreased rates of meningitis, LOS, and hospital costs. Expedient treatment of patients admitted for CSF rhinorrhea may prove to be both a cost- and morbidity-saving measure.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2C Laryngoscope, 129:539-543, 2019.
|
[
"Named Groups"
] |
[
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Anatomy",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Chemicals and Drugs",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Humanities",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Geographicals"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Sildenafil (Viagra) induces powerful cardioprotective effect via opening of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels in rabbits.Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) is the pharmacological agent used to treat erectile dysfunction in men. Because this drug has a vasodilatory effect, we hypothesized that such an action may induce a preconditioning-like cardioprotective effect via opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K (K(ATP)) channels. Rabbits were treated with sildenafil citrate (0.7 mg/kg iv) either 30 min (acute phase) or 24 h (delayed phase) before 30 min of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion. Mitochondrial K(ATP) channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 5 mg/kg iv) was given 10 min before ischemia-reperfusion. Infarct size was measured by tetrazolium staining. Sildenafil caused reduction in arterial blood pressure within 2 min of treatment, which returned to nearly baseline levels 3 min later. The infarct size (% risk area, means +/- SE) reduced from 33.8 +/- 1.7 in control rabbits to 10.8 +/- 0.9 during the acute phase (68% reduction, P < 0.05) and 19.9 +/- 2.0 during the delayed phase (41% reduction, P < 0.05). 5-HD abolished protection with an increase in infarct size to 35.6 +/- 0.4% and 36.8 +/- 1.6% during the acute and delayed phase, respectively (P < 0.05). Similar acute and delayed cardioprotective effects were observed when sildenafil was administered orally. Systemic hemodynamics also decreased after oral administration of the drug. However, these changes were mild and occurred slowly. For the first time, we demonstrate that sildenafil induces acute and delayed protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury, which are mediated by opening of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels.
|
[
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment"
] |
[
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Anatomy",
"Humanities",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Health Care",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Phenomena and Processes",
"Geographicals",
"Named Groups"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Cholesterol homeostasis in T cells. Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin treatment results in equal loss of cholesterol from Triton X-100 soluble and insoluble fractions.Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MBCD) is frequently used to acutely deplete cells of cholesterol. A widespread assumption is that MBCD preferentially targets cholesterol in lipid rafts and that sensitivity to MBCD is proof of lipid raft involvement in a cellular process. To analyse any MBCD preference systematically, progressive cholesterol depletion of Jurkat T cells was performed using MBCD and [3H]-cholesterol. It was found that at 37 degrees C, MBCD extracts similar proportions of cholesterol from the Triton X-100 resistant (lipid raft enriched) as it does from other cellular fractions and that the cells rapidly reestablish the relative differences in cholesterol concentration between different compartments. Moreover, cells restore the cholesterol level in the plasma membrane by mobilising cholesterol from intracellular cholesterol stores. Interestingly, mere incubation at 0 degrees C caused a loss of plasma membrane cholesterol with a concomitant increase in cholesteryl esters and adiposomes. Moreover, only 35% of total cholesterol could be extracted by MBCD at 0 degrees C and was accompanied by a complete loss of plasma membrane and endocytotic recycling centre filipin staining. This study clearly shows that MBCD does not specifically extract cholesterol from any cellular fraction, that cholesterol redistributes upon temperature changes and that intracellular cholesterol stores can be used to replenish plasma membrane cholesterol.
|
[
"Health Care"
] |
[
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Diseases",
"Humanities",
"Named Groups",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Geographicals",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
[HUVECs respond to low shear stress stimulation by activating Wnt/â-catenin signaling pathway].Objective To investigate the influence of different fluid shear stress (FSS) on Wnt/â signaling pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and its relationship with atherosclerosis. Methods HUVECs were subjected to different FSS (0, 1, 15 dynes/cm2) for various durations (6, 12, 18, 24 hours) using a shear stress device. Subsequently, real-time quantitative PCR was used to observe the mRNA expression levels of dishevelled 2 (Dvl2) and â-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway, and immunofluorescence technology to observe their protein expression and localization. Results The low FSS promoted the expression and recruitment of Dvl2 as well as the translocation of â-catenin into the nucleus at the early stage of loading low FSS. Conversely, laminar FSS inhabited their expression and nuclear translocation of â-catenin. Conclusion Wnt signaling pathway participates in the stress response of vascular endothelial cells to low shear stress.
|
[
"Anatomy"
] |
[
"Named Groups",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Health Care",
"Diseases",
"Geographicals",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Humanities",
"Information Science",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Identification of motoneurons and interneurons in the spinal network for escapes initiated by the mauthner cell in goldfish.We used intracellular recording and staining techniques to study the spinal circuitry of the escape behavior (C-start) initiated by the Mauthner axon (M-axon) in goldfish. Simultaneous intracellular recordings from one or both M-axons and a spinal neuron, followed by HRP labeling of the spinal cell, show that each M-axon makes monosynaptic, chemical excitatory synapses onto 2 populations of ipsilateral spinal neurons. The first consists of the large primary motoneurons that, based on earlier work (Fetcho, 1986), innervate exclusively the faster, white muscle fiber types in the myomeres. The second group of cells is formed by previously undescribed descending interneurons with ipsilateral axonal branches that have contacts with primary and secondary motoneurons spread over 2 or more body segments. Indirect evidence suggests that these descending interneurons are excitatory, and they may explain the polysynaptic activation of motoneurons observed in earlier studies of the spinal circuitry (Diamond, 1971). Both classes of neurons excited by the ipsilateral M-axon are disynaptically inhibited by the contralateral one. The morphology and physiology indicate that this inhibition is mediated by interneurons that are electrotonically coupled to one M-axon and have processes that cross the cord to inhibit contralateral neurons in the region where these postsynaptic cells receive excitatory input from the other M-axon. We have identified interneurons with the physiological and morphological features of these predicted crossed inhibitory interneurons. These cells are electrotonically coupled to the ipsilateral M-axon and receive a chloride-dependent disynaptic inhibitory input from the contralateral M-axon. Their very simple somata give rise to a process that crosses the spinal cord between the 2 M-axons. Once on the opposite side of the cord, the crossing process sends myelinated branches that run rostrally and caudally, roughly parallel to the contralateral M-axon. Processes that arise from these longitudinal branches terminate in a striking association with collaterals of the M-axon; nearly every M-axon collateral along the longitudinal course of an interneuron is met by a branch or branches of the interneuron whose terminals are apposed to neurons postsynaptic to the collateral.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Health Care",
"Geographicals",
"Information Science",
"Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Diseases",
"Humanities",
"Named Groups",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture"
] |
Given the above article, which MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) root categories can be assigned to it?
|
Direct chemiluminescence immunoassay for estradiol in serum.In this simple, reliable, fast solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay for directly measuring (i.e., without prior extraction) estradiol-17 beta in serum, a monoclonal antibody is used that binds estradiol with high affinity (Ka = 10(10) L/mol), and does not bind other steroids tested, the highest cross reactivity observed being 0.1% for estradiol-17 alpha. In this system the monoclonal antibody is bound to the wells of microtiter plates via a second antibody directed against the monoclonal antibody. Fifty microliters of serum and estradiol-displacing agents are added, followed by 100 pg of estradiol-isoluminol conjugate, and the label is measured by luminometry after the binding reaction. The sensitivity of the assay is 180 pmol per liter of serum, and the effective working range at less than or equal to 10% CV is 270 to 6700 pmol/L. Analytical recovery of added estradiol averaged 99.7% (SD 6.5%). Within- and between-assay CVs ranged between 5 and 12.7%. Thirty-five unknown serum samples can be assayed within 4 h. Results correlated well with those obtained with a direct RIA: r = 0.94 (n = 149). This assay opens new perspectives for chemiluminescence immunoassays.
|
[
"Chemicals and Drugs"
] |
[
"Humanities",
"Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena",
"Disciplines and Occupations",
"Information Science",
"Technology, Industry, and Agriculture",
"Geographicals",
"Health Care",
"Named Groups",
"Psychiatry and Psychology",
"Diseases",
"Anatomy"
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.