how RNA binds to Promoter?
824560
RNA doesn't bind to promoters.\n\nPromoters are sequences of DNA.\n\nRNA polymerase (which makes RNA) binds to promoter sequences.  This binding is mediated by a sigma factor.\n\nThis answer is valid for bacteria.
835461
RNA\nRibonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers. RNA nucleotides contain ribose rings and uracil unlike deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contains deoxyribose and thymine. It is transcribed (synthesized) from DNA by enzymes called RNA polymerases and further processed by other enzymes. RNA serves as the template for translation of genes into proteins, transferring amino acids to the ribosome to form proteins, and also translating the transcript into proteins.\n\nComparison with DNA\nUnlike DNA, RNA is almost always a single-stranded molecule and has a much shorter chain of nucleotides. RNA contains ribose, rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA (there is a hydroxyl group attached to the pentose ring in the 2' position whereas RNA has two hydroxyl groups). These hydroxyl groups make RNA less stable than DNA because it is more prone to hydrolysis. Several types of RNA (tRNA, rRNA) contain a great deal of secondary structure, which help promote stability.\n\nLike DNA, most biologically active RNAs including tRNA, rRNA, snRNAs and other non-coding RNAs (such as the SRP RNAs) are extensively base paired to form double stranded helices. Structural analysis of these RNAs have revealed that they are not, "single-stranded" but rather highly structured. Unlike DNA, this structure is not just limited to long double-stranded helices but rather collections of short helices packed together into structures akin to proteins. In this fashion, RNAs can achieve chemical catalysis, like enzymes. For instance, determination of the structure of the ribosome in 2000 revealed that the active site of this enzyme that catalyzes peptide bond formation is composed entirely of RNA.\n\nand\n\nDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the biological development of a cellular form of life or a virus. All known cellular life and some viruses have DNAs. DNA is a long polymer of nucleotides (a polynucleotide) that encodes the sequence of amino acid residues in proteins, using the genetic code.\n\nYou could get more information from the 2 links below...
888776
The operon area is essentially the regulatory center of a gene.  The operon may have several regualtory regions in which a multitude of regulator proteins may bind.  The promoter region of the operon generally regulates the transcription of the gene.
32646
Synthesis\nSynthesis of RNA is usually catalyzed by an enzyme, RNA polymerase, using DNA as a template. Initiation of synthesis begins with the binding of the enzyme to a promoter sequence in the DNA (usually found "upstream" of a gene). The DNA double helix is unwound by the helicase activity of the enzyme. The enzyme then progresses along the template strand in the 3’ -> 5’ direction, synthesizing a complementary RNA molecule with elongation occurring in the 5’ -> 3’ direction. The DNA sequence also dictates where termination of RNA synthesis will occur.
466558
The answer above is wrong- RNA polymerase is an enzyme involved in transcription. \n\nThe polymers made are:\n\nDNA in DNA replication\n\nRNA in DNA transcription
803356
As you know, mRNA has copied the protein-making instructions from the DNA. Well, tRNA brings the required amino acids to build the primary structure of the protein, as is stated by the instructions on the mRNA.
259972
DNA->RNA->Polypeptide->Protein
1043568
A stem-loop is the key building block of many RNA secondary structures.
784158
RNA uses the sugar ribose, and DNA uses the sugar 'deoxyribose'. (Hence ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid - shortened to RNA and DNA). The difference in molecular structure is that DNA contains one less oxygen atom than RNA: RNA has an 'OH' attached to the 5' carbon, whereas DNA just has an 'H'.
250072
All RNA's ...well almost all...are made from a DNA template. r-RNA (found in ribosomes) have a very large piece of DNA dedicated to it. Many rRNA genes are found in tandem repeats. There is also a very large part of our genome dedicated to tRNA, since we need so many to make proteins. mRNA is the template for making proteins, and it is formed from a dna template. Even retroviruses can not replicate without first having their RNA genome converted to DNA. The exception is that many scientists think that RNA may have been the first genetic material, but was quickly replaced by DNA since DNA is much more stable than RNA.
589633
1)there are 5 to 9 nucleotides on 5' mRNA named Shine Delgarno which are the match for 16SrRNA on 3' in the small subunit of ribosome.so 16SRNA conduct ribosome to AUG by binding to shine....and helps to initiate the protein synthesis.\n\n2)there are special sites on 16SrRNA which have a direct reaction with antisense on tRNA\n\n3)it binds to IF3(initiation factor3)
207487
No.  Transcription makes mRNA.  DNA is made by the process of replication.
630563
Adenine binds to Thymidine with 2 hydrogen bonds.\nCytosine binds to Guanine with 3 hydrogen bonds.
565169
Yes, is the answer to your question. Transcription takes place when the chromosomes are extended or unwrapped. The protiens in charge of the transcription will go to either strand to make the RNA copy and then go to the other strand later. This happens very rapidly, like copy many base pairs per second.
885256
It is the process of transferring specific genes from the chromosome of one organism and transplanting into the chromosome of another organism.\n\n\nViral promoters probably is something that encourages the growth of virus.
318185
So, from the DNA sequence of a gene one can figure out the exons and introns.  Combine the exons to get the open reading frame of the encoding RNA.  The ORF contains an ATG followed by a bunch of codons encoding for amino acids, followed by a stop codon, and usually a poly adenylation sequence.  Less conserved is the ribosomal binding site at the 5' of the RNA.   From such data you can gleen out secondary and tertiary structural information.  Secondary structure mostly maps well with computer modelling, and lately some tertiary structure (the 3d structure of the protein) has been mapped for small proteins.  Also you can make predictions about post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, but I would say this information is not that reliable unless a sequence is really conserved.  Predicting phosphorylation sites is very black-box voodoo; in the protein I studied we identified one site because it had a very well conserved consensus sequence around the phosphorylation site, although the sites we found in vivo did not show up using computer models.  Anyway I would say that post-translational modifications are the answer to the question, but the question is pretty vague.
180495
hiya, if you mean how does it happen here goes:\nDNA from the nucleus is transcribed to form messenger RNA (mRNA) which then carries the information from the DNA out of the nucleus to the ribosomes which are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum its here that the proteins are synthesised. Not all of the DNA actually codes for proteins and the code that is carried on the mRNA contains special sequences that control the start and stop of the protein synthesis these are called start and stop codons, a codon just being a set of 3 bases which code for something, in the case of proteins a specific amino acid. The ribsome will then read the series of codons that is between the start codon (AUG) and the stop codon (UAG, UUA etc) each codon has a corresponding tranfer RNA (tRNA) which brings in a specific amino acid. As the tRNA interacts with the mRNA the amino acids join with peptide bonds to form the long chain protein, this continues until the entire frame of the mRNA sequence is read and the protein is fully synthesised.\nHope this more or less answers your question :>