What are Particle Accelerators?How do they help in discovering the structure of sub-atomic particles?
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"A particle accelerator is a device that uses electric fields to propel electrically charged particles to high speeds and magnetic fields to contain them. There are two basic types: linear (i.e., straight-line) accelerators and circular accelerators." - Wiki\n\nRead more here\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_accelerators
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if we can make particle accelarator as small as an electric generator, then we might be able to use anti matter energy.
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Electron is simply the smallest and ligthest subatomic particle inside every atoms. as you know, atom consists of protons (positively charged), neutrons (no charge) and electrons (negatively charged). you can imagine atoms to be like a planet which has meteors orbiting around it. the planet represent the nucleus which consists of the protons and the neutrons. and the meteors around are representing the electrons. due to its light weight, electrons move around in an incredible speed around the nucleus. however, electrons do not escaped from the nucleus because they are bounded by forces which keep them in tracks. you can check it out in www.wikipedia.com if you need more info on electrons :D . GL for ur science fair anw.
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Good question.  As you probably know ordinary atoms involve protons, neutrons, and electrons.  The muon plays absolutely no role in the structure of the atom.  In fact it is just one of many particles in nature that decay very quickly and don't seem to have any real purpose.  (although it is possible conservation of energy or momentum or something requires them)  It is interesting to note that muons have the same charge as an electron but a greater mass.  Muons are attracted to protons and can form atoms with muons circling around the nucleus instead of electrons.  Because of the muon's larger mass the muonium atoms are "smaller" than ordinary atoms.  Muonium atoms also don't last very long.  It is hoped that someday a particle theory (perhaps string theory) will explain why all these odd "useless" particles exist.
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At present antimatter is generated in scientific factories in very very small quantities for experiements with the use of particle accelerators or decelerators.
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It's unlikely a particle accelerator event would just remove one or more neutrons.  Splitting the nucleus is more likely, as is adding a neutron to a nucleus.  The half-life of a free neutron is about 15 minutes.
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Feynman diagrams are a way to graphically portray sub-atomic particle interaction. You have to understand the underlying principles before you can understand the diagram. They can't be explained in a few words. Look them up.
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The particle detectors used in particle physics experiments typically consist of different types of detectors, which are sensitive to different particle. A detector simulation models with a computer program the behaviour of the particle detector during a collision.\n\nThis permits to optimize the behaviour of the detector before anything is constructed, find out where there are holes, calculate the efficiency to detect specific types of collisions, etc.
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Most micro-subatomic particles (i.e. Quarks, Muons, Leptons etc.) are, for the most part, the same size.  Some are a little larger than others are largly the same.  The smallest thing in existance however, is a string.  A string is not a particle though.
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This conversion is done daily at particle accelerators. The problem is that it is exceedingly difficult to produce much matter this way since anti-matter is always produced at the same time and because the energies needed are huge. So you will never seea hunk of matter that was produced this way, you can see the tracks of the particles that have been.
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Anti-matter particles are particles that have the opposite charge of normal matter.  For example, a proton is a positively charged particle, it's opposite, a positron has the same properties but with a negative charge.  When a proton and positron come in contact, tremendous amounts of energy are released and the particles destroy each other.  \n\nIt is hoped that anti-matter reactors will be available some day.  However, anti-matter particles are very unstable and scientists have had little success in stabilizing them for more than a few nanoseconds before they cease to exist.
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At first, scientists thought the atom was the smallest possible particle. Then they thought the electron, proton and neutron were the smallest. Now we have the quarks and other basic particles.\n\nAlthough they haven't discovered if quarks are made up of even smaller particles, I will guess that in a few years, scientists will discover that they are made of something smaller yet.
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Rutherford shot alpha particles at a think sheet of gold foil.  Since alpha particles have a positive charge (like the soon to be discovered nucleus of an atom), when the alpha particles got close to the atom's nucleus, they were repulsed away, many however just passed through, undeflected.\nThe results of this experiment showed that the majority of the atom's mass lay in a very small, dense, positively charged core of the atom, surrounded by mostly empty space and electrons.\n\nThis lead to a new model of the atom, the Rutherford model.
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Quite frankly, we don't know. Like listed above, there is a variety of smaller particles that we have been able to smash an atom into. However, each time we build a bigger smasher, we get new particles. The thought is that there is a fundamental particle that is no longer divisible, but I don't think science has commited to it yet.
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i used to work at a particle physics research lab.  our everyday operation was to take matter and antimatter and smash them together at extremely high energies; to do this required storing some antimatter.  \n\nwe did this using a specialized type of particle accelerator called a "storage ring" which is essentially a big circular tube, under vacuum, with a bunch of magnets to guide the positrons (the antimatter counterpart to electrons) around the circular ring.  as they went around at the speed of light, they'd lose some energy so we'd have to re-accelerate them at every turn.  but that's essentially it.  here's some pages to learn more about storage rings:\n\nhttp://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/lab-info/ring.html\nhttp://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/experiments/bfactory.html\n\nat any given time we stored about 10^13 positrons, which is actually a considerable amount.\n\nif you don't need to keep them at high energy, you can use a form of magnetic confinement, which basically works on the same principle as the storage ring.  often this is called a "magnetic bottle" or by its real name, the "penning trap":\n\nhttp://www.physik.uni-mainz.de/werth/g_fak/penning.htm\nhttp://www.aip.org/png/html/penning.htm\n\ncheers!
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You will want to reference the following web pages in detail.\n\nWikipedia web page on particle accelerators.\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_accelerator\n\n"High energy accelerators use a linear array of plates (or drift tubes) to which an alternating high energy field is applied. As the particles approach a plate they are accelerated towards it by an opposite polarity charge applied to the plate. As they pass through a hole in the plate, the polarity is switched so that the plate now repels them and they are now accelerated by it towards the next plate.\n...\nThe earliest circular accelerators were cyclotrons, invented in 1929 by Ernest O. Lawrence."\n\nStanford Linear Accelerator Center Virtual Visitor Center website.\nhttp://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/accelerator.html\n\n"Quite simply, accelerators give high energy to subatomic particles, which then collide with targets. Out of this interaction come many other subatomic particles that pass into detectors. From the information gathered in the detectors, physicists can determine properties of the particles and their interactions. \n\nThe higher the energy of the accelerated particles, the more closely we can probe the structure of matter."
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B.the electron subshell