Physics question- If the angle of incidence from glass to air exceeds the critical angle, what will happen?
813541
Whenever a ray enters from glass medium to air medium, the light is reflected as well as refracted. That is both reflection and refraction take place.\n\nWhen the angle of incidence (in glass) is zero, the angle of refraction (in air) is also zero. This is called normal incidence and there is no reflection inside the glass.\n\nWhen the angle of incidence is increased from zero, there is both reflection and refraction. For refection the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and for refraction the angle of refraction (in air) is greater than the angle of incidence (in glass).\n\nWhen the angle of incidence equals the critical angle there is both reflection and refraction. For refection the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and for refraction the angle of refraction (in air) equals 90 degree.\n\nWhen the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle, then there is no refraction and there is only reflection and the angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection.\n\nThe ray not only is reflected internally but also is totally reflected, i.e., there is no refraction.  That is there is TOTAL internal reflection.
639495
Anything is visible beacuse either light emitted from it, or light reflected from it reaches our eyes. If light passes through something completely, it will not be reflected to our eyes, and the object will become transparent or invisible. Glass comes very near this.
23628
"Next, the glass begins a heat treatment process in which it travels through a tempering oven, either in a batch or continuous feed. The oven heats the glass to a temperature of more than 600 degrees Celsius. (The industry standard is 620 degrees Celsius.) The glass then undergoes a high-pressure cooling procedure called "quenching." During this process, which lasts just seconds, high-pressure air blasts the surface of the glass from an array of nozzles in varying positions. Quenching cools the outer surfaces of the glass much more quickly than the center. As the center of the glass cools, it tries to pull back from the outer surfaces. As a result, the center remains in tension, and the outer surfaces go into compression, which gives tempered glass its strength."\n\nYes, it increases in strength as it's approx 4x as strong as annealed glass.
696403
The outgoing intensity is found by applying the effective transmittance of each of the three polarizers, in order.  Assuming ideal polarizers:\n\n(I out) = (I in) * (50%) * (cos(24))^2 * (cos(45-24))^2\n\nso (I in) = (2.3 W/m^2) / (0.5) / (.834565) / (.871572) = 6.324032\n\nor about 6.324 W/m^2\n\nNote that this assumes the 45 degree angle is measured in the same rotation direction (e.g., both CCW) as the 24 degree angle.  If the 45 degree angle is measured in the other direction (e.g., CW rather than CCW), then the factor (cos(45-24))^2 should instead be (cos(45+24))^2, which would give the value of 42.918 W/m^2 for the intensity of the incident light.
946504
Intensity varies as the square of the distance.\nThat should help
128500
The object will follow a parabolic trajectory to the earth, as observed from outside the plane.  On the plane, it will appear to fall straight down in your (moving) frame of reference.  Air resistance will retard this motion, but it's magnitude depends on the drag coefficient of the object dropped and the medium in which it is falling.
176440
2 meters.\n\nLet s be the length of the side. Since the glass top is a square, the area is s^2.\n\ns^2 = 4\ns = +/- square root of 4\ns = 2 or -2\n\nDrop the negative 2 because a side length can't be negative.\n\nBy the way, in the future, you may want to put math problems in the Science/Mathematics category to get better answers.
257450
No. It's how light reflects and refracts inside of each droplet. The inside rainbow has a different number of reflections internal to the raindrop than the outside rainbow does, so you get a different angle. It turns out that every drop, no matter what the size, has the same angles of refraction and reflection (as long as the raindrop is spherical), so the 42 degrees is reliable across different drops.
668620
Angle of incidence is measured with respect to Normal, so Angle of incidence will be zero in this case.
1102375
No...it will be 100% more than glass A....double the amount.
148730
I think it will not change. The reflected ray has to have the same angle. The ray passes through water and refelcts in the water. \nWhat changes is the direction of the ray coming from the air, and then going through the water, but this will not change the focal lenght. Focal lenght is just a matter of geometry of the mirror.
37097
Technically that question is impossible to answer.  It depends on any wind that was present, the atmospheric pressure, any air resistance, etc.
959091
Because the curvature of the glass will falsify your measurement (light diffraction, bending of a flexible measuring tape). You have to measure edge to edge on the concave side to avoid this.
535452
simple  for smooth surfaces, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection\nso the angle of reflection is going to be the same angle mentioned in the question
282836
First realize that since the beam is passing through something, reflection has nothing to do with it.  The only possible answer is the one that mentions refraction.
550519
It is about the frequency, not the amplitude. Any frequency below 20 000 Hertz is capable of shattering glass provided it's constant and from an uniform source and is properly directed onto a subject, which is glass in this case.
1046911
it will fall straight down , but appear to fall at an angle if observed from the plane