What is the important physicochemical property of paracetamol + how does  that influence route of elimination?
828103
Paracetomol is soluble in organic solvents such as methanol and ethanol but is only sligtly soluble in water. The resulting glucuronide has a much higher water solubility than the original substance and is eventually excreted. \n\nParacetamol is metabolized primarily in the liver, where most of it (60-90% of a therapeutic dose) is converted to inactive compounds by conjugation with sulfate and glucuronide, and then excreted by the kidneys. Only a small portion (5-10% of a therapeutic dose) is metabolized via the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme system (specifically CYP2E1); the toxic effects of paracetamol are due to a minor alkylating metabolite (N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone imine, abbreviated as NAPQI) that is produced through this enzyme, not paracetamol itself or any of the major metabolites. The metabolism of paracetamol is an excellent example of toxication, because the metabolite NAPQI is primarily responsible for toxicity rather than paracetamol itself.\n\nGlucuronidation is the process of chemically binding a substance to glucuronic acid via a glycosidic bond. The resulting glucuronide is typically much more water soluble than the original substance. The human body uses glucuronidation to excrete a large variety of molecules, including drugs, pollutants, bilirubin, androgens, estrogens, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, fatty acid derivatives, retinoids and bile acids. Most of this is done by the liver.\n\nAt usual doses, the toxic metabolite NAPQI is quickly detoxified by combining irreversibly with the sulfhydryl groups of glutathione to produce a non-toxic conjugate that is eventually excreted by the kidneys.
272800
Yes, it is one of a class of drugs defined as a non-specific COX enzyme inhibitor.  These drugs are both analgesics and anti-inflammatories, because COX enzymes are involved in both processes.  Tylenol is also a non-specific COX inhibitor, but is not an anti-inflammatory because it is deactivated in non-neutral pH conditions, and these conditions exist in inflammed areas.
266461
Toxic levels of Tylenol will deplete the liver of an major anti-oxidant, called glutathione.  The accumulation of oxidative radicals will destroy the liver.  The first sign will be jaundice and fatigue-Unfortunately, by this time its too late to save the liver, the damage is already done.  The mortality rate from this level of damage nears 100%.
329021
yes, the more the  intermolecular distance the more will be viscousity , it means it will be more compressible. Likewise diffusion and surface tension- It is very much clear that diffusion is proportional to inter-molecular distance.
1035532
In the pharmaceutical industry, the precipitation of active pharmacuetical ingredients to their solid form is very key.  This is because the different solvents and or precipitation conditions can potentially form different polymorphic forms (they can pack in different repeatable patterns when precipitating) that can be redissolved differently and even have different melting points.  The importance of this is that each polymorphic form can be patented independently which essentially for lisencing purposes makes it a new drug free of patent restrictions since its redissolution properties are most likely different (which is related to drug delivery in vivo).\n\nThe overall purity of a product can be changed by altering the precipitation conditions.  The goal is to find a set of conditions that are most selective to the molecule of interest over undesirables.
852453
The previous answer is partially correct.\n\nWater reacts with the excess acetic anhydride which is converted to acetic acid.\n\nSince the product is only slightly soluble in water, this also makes it possible to collect the product as a solid.
781072
useful substances enter and waste products exit of course.\nuseful substances include glucose, oxygen, amino acids, etc.\nwaste products would be carbon dioxide, urea, etc.
778384
Well, I know they make a Tylenol PM which is basically Unisom and aceteminophen. And there might even be an ibuprofen version I can't remember. So in my opinion there is no problem whatsoever, IOW it would be at least as safe as Tylenol PM and probably safer.
445788
The rate of absorption of any medication depends on the way the drug is administered, ( mouth, IV, IM etc.). It also depends on the half life of the drug, food intake of the patient, the activity of the patient and how they metabolize, and the solubility of the drug. It also depends on weather it is a first pass drug or a second pass drug, meaning( in short) when the drug gets metabolized in the liver. Along with all these and others, it also depends on the patients ability to absorb the drug.  Please read all the actions, contraindications, what the drug should be taken with.  Talk to their doctor and pharmacist about the drug and all its potential negative  and intended and side effects of that medication as it pertains to that particular patient.  All patient are different and have different needs due to underlying health, metabolism and other medications that could antagonize or agonize a drug.  Good luck and again speak the the Dr. prescribing his medication.
666093
Probably Charchoal powder because as a powder it would dissolve easier and as it dissolves it will clean more efficiently.
867641
The final answer on this question would depend on the nature of the impurities, If we are talking about foreign objects they could get lodged in the GI wall, Other chemicals depending on the dose present may have some adverse effect, I would think the majority of impurities would only cause reduced efficacy of the Aspirin though.
120935
Generic medications are the same active ingredient as the brand name. Tylenol is acetaminophen, Advil is ibuprofen...this has no relation to absortion time.  The Absorption time is affected by what dosage form for example- liquid, gelcap, tablet. In that order.  Liquid is absorbed fastest and easiest.
890137
I tried to do a quick search, but couldn't find anything. I suggest you try asking your pharmacist or doctor. They would probably know. Sorry I wasn't much help.
857240
calpol is a liquid mixture containing paracetamol. there are usually two strengths. one for grown ups and one for children. dosages vary
908515
You cannot separate the acetaminophen from the hydrocodone.\nHydrocodone is bad for the liver as well.
554283
Acetamide is the amide formed from acetic acid.\nN-phenylacetamide has a benzene ring (phenyl group) on the nitrogen.\nPara-hydroxy-N-phenylacetamide has an OH group on the opposite side of the phenyl ring.\nAnother name for this compound is 4-hydroxyacetanilide.\nA common name is Acetaminophen.  A brand name is Tylenol.\nSee structure at site below:
230909
"Oral delivery via tablets or capsules is largely inefficient due to exposure of the pharmaceutical agent to the metabolic processes of the body [2]. Therefore, a larger than necessary dose is often required and the maximum effectiveness of the drug is limited. Traditional intravenous (IV) administration is much more problematic. Specificity for IV injectable drugs is often low, necessitating large amounts of a drug be injected into a patient, creating a high concentration of the drug in the blood stream that could potentially lead to toxic side effects"