What is the difference between rocks and minerals?
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A mineral can be defined as:\nsomething that is naturally occuring\nsolid\nhas an exact chemical composition\norderly arrangement of internal atoms \n\nwhen different minerals are combined that is what makes a rock. for example granite. Is made of the minerals quartz, pottassium feldspar, muscovite, plagioclase feldspar, and amphibole.
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First, the difference between magma & lava...they are both molten rock but it is called magma beneath earth's surface & lava when it has been extruded from the earth.\n\nIntrusive igneous rock is formed from magma beneath the earth's surface. Because it is forming below the surface, it will take longer to cool. When igneous rock is allowed to cool slowly the crystals will have time to grow larger before the rock cools completely. This process may take a very long time. The texture will be either fine-grained, coarse-grained, or porphyritic. Examples are granite & diorite.\n\nExtrusive igneous rock is formed from lava above the surface of the earth. Because it forms outside the earth, it cools much more quickly. When igneous rock cools very quickly it will take on a glassy texture. This means that it has very very tiny to no crystals whatsoever. Examples include volcanic glass (obsidian) & pumice.
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Minerals are the building blocks of rocks.  For example, feldspar and quartz are minerals, but they can combine (along with other minerals) to make the rock granite.
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3 basic types of rocks\n\nIgneous Rocks-Igneous rocks are crystalline solids which form directly from the cooling of magma. This is an exothermic process (it loses heat) and involves a phase change from the liquid to the solid state. The earth is made of igneous rock - at least at the surface where our planet is exposed to the coldness of space. Igneous rocks are given names based upon two things: composition (what they are made of) and texture (how big the crystals are).\n\nSedimentary Rocks-In most places on the surface, the igneous rocks which make up the majority of the crust are covered by a thin veneer of loose sediment, and the rock which is made as layers of this debris get compacted and cemented together. Sedimentary rocks are called secondary, because they are often the result of the accumulation of small pieces broken off of pre-existing rocks. There are three main types of sedimentary rocks:\n\nMetamorphic Rocks-The metamorphics get their name from "meta" (change) and "morph" (form). Any rock can become a metamorphic rock. All that is required is for the rock to be moved into an environment in which the minerals which make up the rock become unstable and out of equilibrium with the new environmental conditions. In most cases, this involves burial which leads to a rise in temperature and pressure. The metamorphic changes in the minerals always move in a direction designed to restore equilibrium. Common metamorphic rocks include slate, schist, gneiss, and marble.
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Geology is an earth science and is the study of rocks and minerals.
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Nickel is a common trace element in rock. Nickel ores are comparatively rare on the earth crust. Most of our planet's nickel is believed to rest in the core, which is supposed to be a nickel-iron alloy similar to comets.
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iron-nickel - from cores of asteroids \nsilicate rock - from surfaces of asteroids \ncarbon - with complex organic molecules like amino acids
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If you are asking what are the minerals that are most resistant to weathering, I can give you some help. How fast any particular mineral actually moves through the rock cycle is hard to answer, since it really depends on the setting.  In general the deeper a mineral forms (higher pressure and temperature) the more unstable it is at the surface. Quartz and muscovite are two of the more stable minerals. \n\nHere's some chemical weathering rates:\nMean lifetime of 1 mm or fresh rock (Nahon, 1991)\nRock Type................ Climate..................... Lifetime (years) \nAcid rocks...............tropical semi-arid.......... 65 to 200\n..................................tropical humid........................ 20 to 70\n..................................temperate humid........................ 41 to 250\n.................................. cold humid.................... 35 \nMetamorphic rocks..... temperate humid..........33 \nBasic rocks.................... temperate humid.........68\n..........................................tropical humid.............. 40
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MAGMA is the molten rocks and minerals below the Earth's crust.\n\nLAVA is what we call it when it reaches the surface of the Earth through means such as a volcanic eruption.\n\nLAHAR is what we get when the lava flows into flowing body of water such as rivers and streams.
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rocks : see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocks\nlakes : see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakes
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A mineral is a solid, (generally) inorganic compound with a definite chemical composition and organized structure.  So, liquid water, not being a solid with a structure, would not be a mineral.  Ice, however, is technically a mineral.  (When it occurs in nature--sometimes the boundaries of our definitions are so arbitrary!)
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A mineralogist simply stated is someone who studies minerals.\n\nMinerals can include anything from diamonds & other gems (precious & semi-precious) to rock forming minerals such as quartz & feldspar.
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Rocks tell the story of the Earth. The Earth is made of rock, from the tallest mountains to the floor of the deepest ocean. Thousands of different types of rocks and minerals have been found on Earth. Most rocks at the Earth's surface are formed from only eight elements (oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium), but these elements are combined in a number of ways to make rocks that are very different.\nRocks are continually changing. Wind and water wear them down and carry bits of rock away; the tiny particles accumulate in a lake or ocean and harden into rock again. The oldest rock that has ever been found is more than 3.9 billion years old. The Earth itself is at least 4.5 billion years old, but rocks from the beginning of Earth's history have changed so much from their original form that they have become new kinds of rock. By studying how rocks form and change, scientists have built a solid understanding of the Earth we live on and its long history.
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Minerals is a general term for inorganic substances such as potassium, chlorine, sodium, magnesium, iron, sulphur, etc....basically any element other than carbon found in the ground through which the water flows.
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A rock is a naturally occurring aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids. Rocks are classified by mineral and chemical composition, by the texture of the constituent particles and by the processes that formed them. These indicators separate rocks into igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. They may also be classified according to grain size, in the case of conglomerates and breccias or in the case of individual stones.\n\nMinerals are natural compounds formed through geological processes. The term "mineral" encompasses not only the material's chemical composition, but also the mineral's structure. Minerals range in composition from pure elements and simple salts to very complex silicates with thousands of known forms (organic compounds are excluded). The study of minerals is called mineralogy.
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Different locations = different soil and rock...\n\nDifferent soil and rock = different minerals dissolved in surface water...\n\nDifferent minerals disolved in surface water = different pH.\n\n(Yo Jargan:  "Geometric"???  Try Geographic...)
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What is the difference between a rock and a stone? Had we been proceeding logically, this issue would have come first. Many will say there is no difference. But if we ask a geologist, the answer comes out pat: a stone is a rock that's been put to use: stone hammer, rip-rap, gravel, wall, paving stone, tombstone, milestone, statue. Now, a geopoet, I surmise, will give the same answer, but where the geologist snaps a lid shut, the geopoet opens Pandora's box. What happens between rock and stone is simply everything human, from the modifications necessary to make homes to, at the other extreme, the excesses of ownership and exploitation which submit all ends to ours. So another answer might be: rock is as old as earth is; stone is as old as the superfamily Hominoidae.\n\nWhat's the difference between rock and stone? In their natural setting, they're rocks; when we bring them into the garden, they're stones. Each has its own individual character.