Do Hedgehogs excrete urine?  If so, can someone show me an article that states the face?
819951
Of course - they are mammals!  This site refers to relevant issues for reference:\n\nhttp://www.hedgehogworld.com/content/view/26/42/
1159371
I was cleaning my dogs kennel this morning and my dog decided to pee on my leg.   It wasn't funny then and I'm not sure if it is funny now.  \nAnyone want to buy a couple of Huskeys.
201204
Reptiles, like birds, are uricotelic.\nReptiles lack the Loops of Henle as found in the kidneys of mammals and are therefore unable to produce hyperosmotic urine (can't make concentrated urine).\nTo avoid excessive water loss they excrete uric acid which is only sparingly soluble and can be excreted at high concentration with minimal water loss as a sludge or paste.\nThe uric acid is excreted into the end of the gut which exits at the cloaca.\nExcess mineral load is excreted by salt glands eg.in nostrils of iguanas where excess Na, K, HCO3 and Cl is excreted. In the saltwater crocodile C.porosus there are numerous lingual glands.
1050648
Yes they do...they have 3 types of excreta - out of which liquid urine is also possible.Check out previous Yahoo answer.
902928
"Bears don’t pee or poop when they hibernate. Their bodies recycle or simply stop making what normally needs peeing out every day"
47806
Don't look now, but is that dog laughing?\nSusan Milius\n\nAmid all the panting, a dog at play makes a distinctive, breathy exhalation that can trigger playfulness in other dogs, says a Nevada researcher. Yes, it might be the dog version of a laugh. \n\n \nDogs at play give breathy exhalation (top) that differs from standard pants (bottom, arrows). \nSimonet\n \n\n"To an untrained human ear, it sounds much like a pant, 'hhuh, hhuh,'" says Patricia Simonet of Sierra Nevada College in Lake Tahoe. However, this exhalation bursts into a broader range of frequencies than does regular dog panting, Simonet discovered when she and her students analyzed recordings. \n\nThey observed the bursts during play but not in aggressive clashes, Simonet reported in Corvallis, Ore., last week at a meeting of the Animal Behavior Society. \n\nGordon Burghardt of the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, who theorizes about the evolution of play, says Simonet's presentation caught his interest. Her dog-laughing proposal needs more testing, he cautions. But he notes that other scientists have proposed that nonhuman primates and even rodents laugh. \n\nSimonet's team investigated the question by standing in parks with a parabolic microphone that enables them to record dog hubbub from a distance. "People kept coming up to talk to us, so we finally had to wear signs explaining that we were trying to record," she says. \n\nSimonet differentiates a broader-frequency exhalation from pants by calling it a laugh. With recordings of such laughs and growls, the researchers tested 15 mostly young dogs in an observation room. When the researchers broadcast the laugh, a puppy often picked up a toy or trotted toward a presumed playmate, if a person or another dog was in the room. Simonet's own best attempt at the laugh likewise prompted dogs to look for a romp. Broadcasting growls elicited no such effects. \n\nThis dog-exhalation study reopens many questions about whether animals laugh, comments Brian Knutson of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md. He has recorded chirps that laboratory rats give as they wrestle with each other. Rats also chirp before receiving morphine or having sex. He interprets the sound as indicating "the rat expects something rewarding." \n\nSuch phenomena help neuroscientists trace the brain's reward circuitry, Knutson explains. He says he's unsure about how to compare the chirp of a romping rat to the guffaw of a person. "I think we've done a decent job of figuring out what it means in the rat," he says. "Now the onus is on the human researchers." \n\nAnother analyst of rat chirps, Jaak Panksepp of Bowling Green (Ohio) University, has recorded the animals' ultrasonic squeaks while he tickled them. "Of course, you have to know the rat," he cautions. He says he is open to the possibility that the rat chirps amount to laughter in the animal world. Also, he suggests that Simonet's team could search for animal laughter by recording the sound dogs make when they are tickled. \n\nYet another student of play, Marc Bekoff of the University of Colorado in Boulder, says he thinks he knows the panting sound Simonet describes. "When I get down on all fours and go up to dogs and go 'hhuhahhuhahhuh,' they get very solicitous," he says. "Whether it turns out to be like a laugh or not doesn't matter in the end, because what's important are all the questions it opens up about how communications work."
237172
According to the following site, approximately 70 to 100 calories per day, so however much hedgehog (or cat) food it would take to fill this. Obviously, not much, maybe a few ounces.
985648
are you doing a study on the affects on your urine after eating certain substances ? i dont think that was ever done before, but i am not in the habit of sniffing urine on a regular basis.i think you need a hobby.
196182
Yes. epithelial cells along with white and red blood cells can be excreted in urine as well as excreta. And the bacteria that is in the excreta has its own unique DNA that can be tested and compared to other bacterial DNA.
135430
Well, on a space ship the water in urine actually is recycled, but the waste products are removed first.  No one wants to drink urea (the yellow part), but the water's just water.  It might seem weird to think about, but the water portion of urine is recycled on a global scale too.  When you flush the toilet, it goes to a sewage treatment plant, and then the treated sewage is dumped some where.  Eventually, the water evaporates, and then comes back in the form of rain.  Chances are that every molecule of the water you drink has been through the body of some person or animal somewhere at least once.\n\nAs for recycling feces, it's not practical.  The waste that's excreted is excreted for a reason.  There's little or no valuable nutrients left, and it's teaming with harmful bacteria.  However, like water, the atoms in feces are recycled.  Wherever it ends up, bacteria and fungi will decompose the compounds in feces, and they will end up in the soil.  Some of these atoms in the soil are then absorbed by plants.  So there are probably former feces atoms in the cocoa beans that were used to make your brownies.  Not quite as direct as you were imagining, but on some level it does happen.
989851
REWORD question...not clear....\n\n3 N wastes types in various vertebrates (from breakdown of amino acids and nucleic acids in food) Amine group taken off the amino acid and processed by liver to make urea.\n\nSince this is a zoology class question: N wastes are:\n \nUREA in mammals, us (urea becomes diluted urine plus electrolytes)\nURIC ACID crystals (guano in birds-reptiles)\nAMMONIA gas diffuses out gills in fishes\n\nkidneys filter blood of urea\nureter takes it from kidney to the bladder next\nurine stored in bladder (til urge to urinate-micturate)\nurethral sphincter muscles relax\nurine goes down urethra\nthen out urethral meatus
173680
yes, squirrels pee in trees.  actually, they're pretty indiscriminate about where they pee.  they'll pee darned near anywhere.  maybe it's some kind of territorial thing.\n\nsome rodents, like the bushy tailed woodrat (also known as the packrat) do use something like a bathroom.  they have one single site that they always use to tinkle.  the site even gets inherited from generation to generation.  often it is inside a cave or protected burrow, and millenia of packrat pee congeals and crystallizes into a hard, almost amber-like form.  like amber, these pee globs can preserve insects, seeds and other materials from hundreds or even thousands of years in the past.
21108
Hmm... I'm not so sure I agree - I've seen at least two questions today related to dogs bodily functions. It even has the word *gasp* ... poop.
607265
True musk is from the musk-gland (scent glands) of a male Tibetan musk deer and is, chemically, muscone, (3-methylcyclopentadecanone).  It isnt part of the urinary system as such but is adjacent to it and, I think, imparts its odour to both faeces and urine. Yes, it contains pheromones which influences males and females of the same spedies smelling it.  A zoologist will tell you more, but what I can tell you is that it is used in many perfumes, (and, traditionally, some drinks in the Middle East).  Nowadays, perfumes often contain synthetic versions of it, of which there are three, which might be preferred by vegetarians or for ethical reasons, although I dont think they kill deer to get it...? Somebody reassure us, please.\nThe synthetic musks I can give you the chemical formulae of also, but I am sure you dont want to know except that it is interesting to see how elaborate these distictive scent molecules are.
499761
guano is concentrated uric acid crystals (and other nitrogen wastes) of usually BIRDS, but bats too.  It is the white stuff seen on rocks where lots of birds hang out. Very concentrated and smells real strong. It is not bird poop.  It is CONCENTRATED urinary system wastes like our urine, but these organisms need to conserve and reabsorb excretory system water to prevent deydration and to help them weigh less when flying (so as to not store it in a bladder that is too heavy when they're taking off, landing,flying!) and so they "excrete" concentrated, more solid excretory wastes.\n\nSince uric acid crystals have many mineral and organic molecules, they are used as fertilizer.
5153
It's actually the Loop of Henle. It's a long, U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine within each nephron in the kidneys of reptiles, birds and mammals. It's principal function is the recovery of water and sodium chloride from the urine.
157967
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venomous_mammals\n\nVENOMOUS MAMMALS INCLUDE:\n-Cuban Solenodon (Atopogale cubana) & Haitian Solenodon (Solenodon paradoxus):  These animals look similar to big hedgehogs with no coat of spines. They both have venomous bites; the venom is delivered from modified salivary glands via grooves in their second lower incisors.\n\n-Platypus (Ornithorhyncus anatinus) (but you know this already): Males have a venomous spur on their hind legs. Echidnas, the other monotremes, have spurs but no functional venom glands.\n\n- Northern Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicauda) & Eurasian water shrew (Neomys fodiens):\n\nVENOMOUS/POISONOUS MAMMALS INCLUDE:\nSlow loris (Nycticebus coucang): Glands on the inside of their elbows secrete a toxin that smells like sweaty socks. They cover their babies in the toxin to protect them from predators, and put it in their mouths to give themselves a venomous bite, delivering the toxin via their lower incisors.