How are genes isolated once cloned?
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Not sure if this will help but try the link below\n\nhttp://www.answers.com/topic/gene
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Introduction\nThe possibility of human cloning, raised when Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute created the much-celebrated sheep "Dolly" (Nature 385, 810-13, 1997), aroused worldwide interest and concern because of its scientific and ethical implications. The feat, cited by Science magazine as the breakthrough of 1997, also generated uncertainty over the meaning of "cloning" --an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. \n\n\nWhat is cloning? Are there different types of cloning?\nWhen the media report on cloning in the news, they are usually talking about only one type called reproductive cloning. There are different types of cloning however, and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. A basic understanding of the different types of cloning is key to taking an informed stance on current public policy issues and making the best possible personal decisions. The following three types of cloning technologies will be discussed: (1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, (2) reproductive cloning, and (3) therapeutic cloning. \n\n\nRecombinant DNA Technology or DNA Cloning \n\nThe terms "recombinant DNA technology," "DNA cloning," "molecular cloning,"or "gene cloning" all refer to the same process: the transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element such as a bacterial plasmid. The DNA of interest can then be propagated in a foreign host cell. This technology has been around since the 1970s, and it has become a common practice in molecular biology labs today. \n\nScientists studying a particular gene often use bacterial plasmids to generate multiple copies of the same gene. Plasmids are self-replicating extra-chromosomal circular DNA molecules, distinct from the normal bacterial genome (see image to the right). Plasmids and other types of cloning vectors are used by Human Genome Project researchers to copy genes and other pieces of chromosomes to generate enough identical material for further study. \n\nTo "clone a gene," a DNA fragment containing the gene of interest is isolated from chromosomal DNA using restriction enzymes and then united with a plasmid that has been cut with the same restriction enzymes. When the fragment of chromosomal DNA is joined with its cloning vector in the lab, it is called a "recombinant DNA molecule." Following introduction into suitable host cells, the recombinant DNA can then be reproduced along with the host cell DNA. See a diagram depicting this process. \n\nPlasmids can carry up to 20,000 bp of foreign DNA. Besides bacterial plasmids, some other cloning vectors include viruses, bacteria artificial chromosomes (BACs), and yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). Cosmids are artificially constructed cloning vectors that carry up to 45 kb of foreign DNA and can be packaged in lambda phage particles for infection into E. coli cells. BACs utilize the naturally occurring F-factor plasmid found in E. coli to carry 100 to 300 kb DNA inserts. A YAC is a functional chromosome derived from yeast that can carry up to 1 MB of foreign DNA. Bacteria are most often used as the host cells for recombinant DNA molecules, but yeast and mammalian cells also are used.\n\n\nReproductive Cloning\n\nCelebrity Sheep Has Died at Age 6\n\nDolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, was put down by lethal injection Feb. 14, 2003. Prior to her death, Dolly had been suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis. Although most Finn Dorset sheep live to be 11 to 12 years of age, postmortem examination of Dolly seemed to indicate that, other than her cancer and arthritis, she appeared to be quite normal. The unnamed sheep from which Dolly was cloned had died several years prior to her creation. Dolly was a mother to six lambs, bred the old-fashion
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The stages of DNA isolation include\n    1) homogenization of thymus in a buffered isotonic sucrose-detergent solution\n    2) increasing the osmolarity with saline\n    3) centrifugation to remove cellular debris\n    4) decantation of the supernatant into a clean beaker\n    5) precipitation of the DNA by layering cold ethanol on the top of the supernatant\n    6) spooling of the precipitated DNA\n\nCheck out the website... im sure thats pretty much all you'll need :)\n\nhttp://www.biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Labs/Genetics/DNA_Isolation/Thymus_DNA.htm
540271
Investigate cloning. Clone some plants
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This is a very complex process that forces cells to make commit to an end product while making sure not to allow any redundancies. The genes involved in this process are numerous, but the first to be identified are called the HOX genes. What's interesting about these genes is that they are conserved across a diverse number of species (invertibrates all the way up to mammals).\n\nSo to simplify, the cells of a blastula don't have any idea what they are going to be (face cell, brain cell or liver cell). They have to be told what they are going to be and this is done by the turning on of particular genes which determines the ultimate function of that cell. This selective expression of genes is determined by a complex sequence of events which is dictated by the genes such at teh HOX family of genes. I'm sure there are many other genes and gene families that are involved, but I've given you a couple of sources below that will elaborate. Interestingly, differentiation is a process that not only occurs in multicelllular orgranisms, it also happens in some single-celled organisms (such as the bacterium B. subtilis). I've give you link to the leading researcher in that area also. It may help to understand how things like this happen in its simplest form.
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If you have ever seen jurassic park they explained the answer to this. Over time genetic material becomes fragmented losing pieces making it less likely to be viable for cloning. Over time that mammoth has had a lot of its genes damaged. In order to clone the mammoth scientists would have to insert pieces of elephant genes (the mammoths closest relative) into the mammoths genome. This poses problems first because this is not a perfect science yet and its hard to tell what will happen, or if it will even work for that matter. Even if it does work, this mammoth will not be an exact clone of the original but a hybrid of a mammoth and a modern day elephant.
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Cloning is part of molecular biology\n\nThus the term "molecular biologist" would be good enough though there are scientists in overlapping disciplines, with different titles who also do cloning e.g some biochemists and (bio)chemical engineers, MDs, of course geneticists etc.
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Look this\n http://library.thinkquest.org/20830/Frameless/Manipulating/Experimentation/Cloning/longdoc.htm\n\nand this\nhttp://www.vuhs.org/apbio/clone/history.htm
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No its impossible. The DNA is completely different, and plus cloning was banned by the Geneva Convention a couple of years ago I believe. But if your like the other groups and you want to try it, have at it. But if you do clone it together, dont tell the press or you might just end up going to prison.
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There are different types of cloning \n\n(1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning--The terms "recombinant DNA technology," "DNA cloning," "molecular cloning,"or "gene cloning" all refer to the same process: the transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element such as a bacterial plasmid. The DNA of interest can then be propagated in a foreign host cell.\n\n\n(2) Reproductive cloning-- Reproductive cloning is a technology used to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal. Dolly was created by reproductive cloning technology.\n\n\nAnd (3) therapeutic cloning-- Therapeutic cloning, also called "embryo cloning," is the production of human embryos for use in research. The goal of this process is not to create cloned human beings, but rather to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to treat disease. Stem cells are important to biomedical researchers because they can be used to generate virtually any type of specialized cell in the human body. Stem cells are extracted from the egg after it has divided for 5 days. The egg at this stage of development is called a blastocyst. The extraction process destroys the embryo, which raises a variety of ethical concerns. Many researchers hope that one day stem cells can be used to serve as replacement cells to treat heart disease, Alzheimer's, cancer, and other diseases. See more on the potential use of cloning in organ transplants. \n\n\nScientists hope that one day therapeutic cloning can be used to generate tissues and organs for transplants. To do this, DNA would be extracted from the person in need of a transplant and inserted into an enucleated egg. After the egg containing the patient's DNA starts to divide, embryonic stem cells that can be transformed into any type of tissue would be harvested. The stem cells would be used to generate an organ or tissue that is a genetic match to the recipient. In theory, the cloned organ could then be transplanted into the patient without the risk of tissue rejection. If organs could be generated from cloned human embryos, the need for organ donation could be significantly reduced. \n\nAdvantages-----\n---------------------\nTherapeutic cloning will in time allow scientists to create organs that are a perfect match for those in need of a transplant. The cloned organ would be based on the recipient’s genetic material and would not require the use of debilitating immunosuppressive therapies. There would also be no chance of rejection, which is fatal. Therapeutic cloning represents the ideal in organ transplantation, as it would provide an unlimited source of organs to anyone who needs them. The need for these organs is dire." \n\n\nEthical considerations:\n---------------------------------\nEthics become a concern because of the source of the stem cells. \n\nStem cells could be obtained from many sources. Three are:\n\n1.Embryos created during infertility treatment. These are sometimes called "spare embryos." They are usually frozen at a very low temperature in the event that they are needed in the future to attempt another a pregnancy. \n2.Embryos created for the purpose in the laboratory by manually fertilizing an ovum with donated sperm. \n3.From the germ cells or organs of an aborted fetus. These "appear to be limited in the type of tissue they can be developed into." \n\nUnfortunately, organs grown from stem cells from one of these sources would have foreign DNA that did not match the DNA of the organ recipient. The recipient would have to take anti-rejection drugs for the rest of their life and could suffer organ rejection at any time. \n\nThere are four other sources that would produce organs that are perfectly matched to the recipient's DNA. They would presumably prevent organ rejection:\n\n1.Via cell nuclear replacement. Th
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I am 100% for cloning! I think that cloning could hold the key to accelerating stem cell research, and therefore help to cure many many diseases. I also believe it could be used to clone organs and help those who await a transplant. More lives could be saved with it than any one can possibly imagine. I would not be alive right now if it were not for cloning. I am diabetic. Human recombinate DNA is cloned into ecoli bacteria. That ecoli then utilizes the DNA and produces human insulin. Get the picture?
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Besides the type of genetic material being harvested? Genomic extraction and plasmid extraction are virtually the same, they both lyse cells and remove cellular components from the DNA usually by some form of solid or liquid phase extraction (either affinity columns or phenolic extraction). Genomic DNA isolation is usually harsher, containing more detergent to break open the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Plasmid DNA isolation contains steps to precipiate out the chromosomal DNA of bacterial cells (usually using acetate buffers) but leaving the plasmids in solution, allowing them to be seperated.\n\nThe specifics lie in the indivual techniques being used.
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Many times what happens is a specific gene or stretch of DNA is duplicated in an organism.  If this doesn't cause any harm, one copy of the gene can mutate, leaving the other one intact to carry out its original function.  The extra gene can then become something entirely different over time, occasionally mutating into something useful.  \nA word of warning- don't start with a belief and look for the evidence.  You will find evidence (not good or true evidence, but you will find something) for whatever you go out looking for, especially on the internet.  Find the evidence first and see where it leads you, or you will end up very, very wrong about some important things.
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Stepwise-First you identify a gene of interest. Then, usually through years of work, you identify some function of the gene.  One way to identify this is to knock the gene out, a process called, approriately, gene knockout.  Knock out the gene in a cell line, or more interestingly, in an embryonic mouse- Now, if the embryo develops, you examine the animal, the tissue, the cellular funtions, and try to determine what has changed with the gene gone.  You can also overexpress the gene, so that it makes much more gene product, and see what happens then.  Once you have some handle on the function of the gene overall, you can make small mutations in it to determine exactly which part of the resultant protein does what.  Outside of scientific investigation, genetic engineering is used to make more viable or resistance plants (for example, put a gene that confers resistance to high salt, that you took from a plnat that grows in salty conditions, and put it into a strain of rice- now the rice can grow in high salt). It is also used to produce pharmaceuticals, such as antibodies- take a gene for an antibody out of the animal that makes it, put it in a bacteria or yeast, and then make tons of the stuff cheaply.
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cloning only can happen by taking dna from say one person the clone then has the same dna identical twins may have all of the same looks as a cloned person would but has differnt dna
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Linked genes are inherited together because they are close together on the same chromosome, and thus are less likely to be separated by recombination.  Recombination refers to a process where chromosomes cross over each other and exchange DNA.  So if 2 genes are spread apart on a chromosome, they are more likely to be separated by recombination, and thus less likely to be inherited together.
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hope you will get something useful in this link\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_cloning