Who invented Polar Coordinate System?
820654
There are various accounts of who first introduced polar coordinates as part of a formal coordinate system. The full history of the subject is described in Harvard professor Julian Lowell Coolidge's "Origin of Polar Coordinates."  \n\nGrégoire de Saint-Vincent and Bonaventura Cavalieri independently introduced the concepts at about the same time. Saint-Vincent wrote about them privately in 1625 and published in 1647, while Cavalieri published in 1635 with a corrected version appearing in 1653. Cavalieri first utilized polar coordinates to solve a problem relating to the area within an Archimedean spiral. Blaise Pascal subsequently used polar coordinates to calculate the length of parabolic arcs.\n\nIn "Method of Fluxions" (written 1671, published 1736), Sir Isaac Newton was the first to look upon polar coordinates as a method of locating any point in the plane.  Newton examined the transformations between polar coordinates and nine other coordinate systems. In "Acta eruditorum" (1691), Jacob Bernoulli used a system with a point on a line, called the pole and polar axis respectively. Coordinates were specified by the distance from the pole and the angle from the polar axis. Bernoulli's work extended to finding the radius of curvature of curves expressed in these coordinates.\n\nThe actual term polar coordinates has been attributed to Gregorio Fontana and was used by 18th century Italian writers. The term appeared in English in George Peacock's 1816 translation of "Lacroix's Differential and Integral Calculus."\n\nAlexis Clairaut and Leonhard Euler are credited with extending the concept of polar coordinates to three dimensions.
36505
Great question.\n\nI think a maths history project would be wonderful.\n\nSpecifically, I would like to see a paper which explains how the trigonometric functions were calculated in history.\n\nFor example, what angles did the Greeks know trig functions for?\n\nWhat resources did Isaac Newton have for trig functions?\n\nHow were these tables calculated before electronic computers?\n\nThe combination of history and maths would be very interesting.\n\nCheers!
59929
Lagrange, Joseph (1736-1813)\nFrench mathematician and mathematical physicist who was the greatest mathematician of the eighteenth century. His work Mécanique Analytique (Analytical Mechanics) (1788) was a mathematical masterpiece. It contained clear, symmetrical notation and covered almost every area of pure mathematics. It was the first book of mechanics Eric Weisstein's World of Physics published without the use of a single diagram. Lagrange succeeded Euler as the director of the Berlin Academy.\n\nLagrange developed the calculus of variations Eric Weisstein's World of Math which was later expanded by Weierstraß. Lagrange also established the theory of differential equations, Eric Weisstein's World of Math and provided many new solutions and theorems in number theory, Eric Weisstein's World of Math including Wilson's theorem. Eric Weisstein's World of Math Lagrange's classic Théorie des fonctions analytiques laid some of the foundations of group theory, Eric Weisstein's World of Math anticipating Galois. Lagrange also invented the method of solvingdifferential equations Eric Weisstein's World of Math known as variation of parameters. Eric Weisstein's World of Math Lagrange commented that "I have always observed that the pretensions of all people are in exact inverse ratio to their merits; this is one of the axioms of morals" (Bell 1937, p. 160).
929777
we have x^2+y^2 = r^2 for polar coordinates'\n\nx = r cos t\ny = r sin t\n\nwe need to eliminate t ( t for theta as I cannot key in theta)\n\n1st get in terms of cos sin\n\nr = 8/(4+ cos t)\n\n4r + r cos t = 8\n\nbut r cos t = x\n\nso 4r = 8- x\nsquare both sides\n16r^2 = 64+x^2-16x\n\nusing r^2 = x^2 + y^2\n\n16(x^2+y^2) = 64 + x^2 -16x\n\n16x^2+16y^2 = 64 + x^2 - 16x\nor \ntarnsferring RHS to left \n\n15x^2+16x+16y^2- 64 = 0
1061670
aryabhatta of india,he also discoved the decimal system-he was a great scientist of his time,most others would say arabs,but they don't know thay arysbhatta taught them.u know that there r 2 numeral systems-roman numerals and arab numerals but u would be surprised that it is actually india who invented the arab system,arabs r given the credit because they taught all our information to europe but said that they invented this system.
400694
Jacob (Jacques) Bernoulli\n\n1654 - 1705\n\nJacob Bernoulli was a Swiss mathematician who was the first to use the term integral. He studied the catenary, the curve of a suspended string. He was an early user of polar coordinates and discovered the isochrone.
685524
who invented computer
5571
Lewis Carroll - Mathmatician
738154
In mathematics, the Cartesian coordinate system is used to uniquely determine each point in the plane through two numbers, usually called the x-coordinate and the y-coordinate of the point. To define the coordinates, two perpendicular directed lines (the x-axis or abscissa and the y-axis or ordinate), are specified, as well as the unit length, which is marked off on the two axes (see Figure 1). Cartesian coordinate systems are also used in space (where three coordinates are used) and in higher dimensions.\n\nUsing the Cartesian coordinate system geometric shapes (such as curves) can be described by algebraic equations, namely equations satisfied by the coordinates of the points lying on the shape. For example, the circle of radius 2 may be described by the equation x² + y² = 4
680343
North and south geographic poles. A compass points towards the North magnetic pole, which is why you must correct for your magnetic declination to find true north using a compass. \n\nSince probably 1000 AD, navigation, however has relied on watching the skies more than watching a compass. Therefore, due north or south  is always the direction to that point in the sky that all the stars circle, projected down to the surface of the earth, and those positions in the sky are projections of the geographic pole (Polaris is actually about 0.8 degrees off the north celestial pole. If north was based on polaris, north would change by as much as 1.6 degrees depending on what time it is!)
982565
It can't be done with an unmarked straightedge and a compass, but it can be done with a *marked* straightedge and a compass. The latter was doen by Archimedes about 200BC.
582203
The use of grid lines on maps (latitude and longitude) was first suggested by the Greek astronomer Hipparcus about 300 years before Christ. He was the first who devised a method for fixing the location of places on earth by observation of the the sun, moon and stars. He worked out the mathematics of spherical trigonometry, which allowed the results of these observations to be plotted on an earth which he knew already to be a sphere.\n\nLatitude can be found easily by measuring the height of the sun at noon. The measurement of longitude is not so simple as you need an accurate clock.
409340
John Harrison developed longitude.\n\nLatitude is a bit more difficult to determine and is mostly about mathematics but I believe mathematician Karl Gauss had something to do with it. But you should research that some more.
381751
this is going to require some research...but ptolemy actually came up with the idea that the earth revolves around the sun..he was greek...
585937
Rene Descartes (the Cartesian coordinate plane plus many other contributions)\n\nPierre de Fermat\n\nBlaise Pascal\n\nLook them up. That can get you started. Personally, I'm going to bed.
447875
Carl Friedrich Gauss (30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and scientist of profound genius who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy and optics. Sometimes known as "the prince of mathematicians", Gauss had a remarkable influence in many fields of mathematics and science and is ranked beside Euler, Newton and Archimedes as one of history's greatest mathematicians.
194321
there are three defined axes in coordinate system.\nx-axis\ny-axis\nz-axis\nalthough Einstein in the last days of his life started talking about fourth-axis.\nthat is still undefined.\nfor present,coordinate system,there are three axes only.