How much total ATP is produced in The Krebs cycle?
825956
ATP production per pyruvate that enters the Krebs Cycle:\n         3 NADH =   9 ATP\n         1 FADH2 = 2 ATP\n         1 GTP = 1 ATP\n                      ------------------\n                        12 ATP per pyruvate or 24 ATP per glucose\n\n**note**\n\n1 NADH = 3 ATP generated\n1 FADH2 = 2 ATP generated\n\nthese NADH and FADH2 are converted to ATP when they enter the oxidative phosphorylation.\n\nIf you are confused where the 38 ATPs come from, here it is:\n(1) Glycolysis - 1 mole glucose is converted to 2 moles pyruvate.\n         \n                2 ATP\n                2 NADH = 6 ATP generated\n              ------------------------------------------\nGlycolysis generates 8 ATP\n\n(2) 2 moles of  Pyruvate generated from glycolysis cannot enter the Krebs Cycle unless it will be converted to Acetyl-CoA. In this process, it produces 2 moles of pyruvate generate 2 moles of NADH.\n          2 NADH = 6 ATP\n\nin this process, 6 ATP is generated.\n\n(3) Krebs Cycle: 2 acetyl-CoA then enters the Krebs cycle.\n(see explanation above) generating 24 ATPs.\n\nso for the 3 steps: \n           8 ATP (glycolysis) \n           6 ATP (intermediate step 2)\n          24 ATP (Krebs cycle)\n-------------------------------------------\n          38 ATP
806722
OK. watch this.\nThe FADH and NADH from the Krebs cycle enters the electron transport chain. This is on the cristae on the mitochondria (those Lil protrusions). there, the NADH and FADH separate in to the Hydrogen and electons. The electrons are passed from electron acceptor to electron acceptor. The energy level of each electron acceptor is lower than that of the previous, so the elctrons are losing energy. This energy is used to drive hydrogen ions into the spaces between the mitochondrial membrane. By the process of chemiosmosis, the Hydrogen then passes through a special protein (ATP Synthase) in the membrane back into the cristae. When Hydrogen passes through this protein it stimulates the production of ATP. Simply, the protein which catalyse ATP production is an enzyme, activated by the passage of Hydrogen through it. Get it? [Cambrigde A'Level Whooohoo!lol] \n\nWell it is more than three NADH. The cycle goes around twice per glucose molecule so it is 6 NADH (3 each time), and 2 FADH (1 each time) plus the 4 NADH from the stages before the Krebs cycle. All of these enter the electron transport chain. That is the purpose of the NAD and FAD, to take hydrogen and electrons from the Krebs cycle etc. to the next stage (oxidative phosphorylation). That is partially right. The NADH itself does not enter the membrane. It stays on the surface. It is The HYDROGEN that passes into the membrane.
768477
A- if you are asking what product of glycolysis diffuses into the matrix for the krebs cycle
711970
A) Aerobic respiration\n\nNeurons use an enormous amount of ATP to operate the Na+/K+ pump. Aerobic respiration produces an enormous amount of ATP (36 ATP per 1 glucose). Neurons therefore utilize aerobic respiration.\n\nThe other answers do not make sense. \n\nAnaerobic glycolysis provides very little ATP (2 ATP per 1 glucose). Creatine phosphate provides little ATP and is localized in the muscle. Stored glycogen only directly provides glucose for glycolysis. Catabolism of DNA would lead to the death of the organism, or at least mutagenesis.
823641
The answer is C.  Glucose + oxygen are metabolized through glycolysis, the krebs cycle and electron transport chain to produce a net gain of 38 ATP (energy) and produce H20 and CO2 as byproducts.
210253
Fermentation yields 2 molecules of ATP. Before fermentation can take place another process: glycolysis happen; the 2 molecules of ATP are actually produced during glycolysis and are carried on through fermentation.\nThere are two types of fermentation: alcoholic fermentation in plants producing alcohol and lactic aacid fermentation in animals including humans, producing lactic acid. We go into lactic acid fermentation when we over exercise or exercise strenuously. It happens because of a lack of oxygen making the production of ATP needed for normal muscular contraction impossible. Lactic acid produces the feeling of muscle soreness.
619926
atp phosphorylses the glucose to form glucose phosphate - this energises glucose and makes it more reactive, so that the subsequent steps of glycolysis (anaerobic respiration) are able to occur.\n\nif the glucose was not energised, it would not split into two to form triose phosphate, and would not form pyruvate (and therefore lactate) as it is not reactive enough.\n\n\nglycolysis reaction:\n\nglucose +atp => glucose phosphate + adp => 2triose phosphate  => 2 pyruvate\n\nThen NADH, a hydrogen carrier, supplies H+ ions to the pyruvate so it is converted into lactate.
813688
This brings back dreadful memories! Glucose is the principal sugar in the biological world. Breakdown of glucose happens in two stages. The first stage is glycolosis, which consists of 10 successive steps in which the glucose, a 6-carbon molecule, is converted into two 3-carbon molecules (pyruvate) and two ATP molecules are synthesized from two ADP molecules and two P i. The second stage of glucose breakdown is called celular respiration, converts the pyruvate molecules into CO2 and H2O through 15 steps, some of which are coupled to the synthesis of many molecules of ATP from ADP +Pi. When pure glucose is ignited and burned, it is completely converted to CO2 and H2O with the release of heat. C6 H12 6O2---->6CO2 + 6H20. The breakdown of glucose in a cell leads to the same result. Six O2 molecules are needed to catabolize each molecule of glucose, and 6 molecules of CO2 and 6 molecules of H2O are the end products. For one mole (180 grams) 686 kilocalories are released. In a cell, the breakdown occurs stepwise, with some energy released at each step. By coupling certain of the steps to synthesis of ATP from ADP, energy is captured. Glycolysis carries the breakdown to pyruvate, during which some energy is transferred into a net gain of two ATP molecules. Glycolysis, however, taps very little of the free energy in glucose; about 93% of this energy is still present in the two pyruvate molecules left after glycolysis. This energy is released in stepwise fashion by conversion of pyruvate to CO2 and H2O in cellular respiration, with the generation of 36 ATP molecules. Cellular respiration occurs in two stages. In the first stage, the pyruvate is oxidized in a sequence of reactions to CO2 and H2O, and electrons are transferred to coenzymes. In the second stage, the passage of the electrons along an electron transport chain is coupled to the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi in a manner similar to the transfer of electrons and generation of ATP that occurs in phase 1 reactions of photosynthesis. Then you go on to the citric acid or Krebs cycle. I hope this helps. I remember drawing it out over and over to memorize it. The main thing is to remember as the process goes on what the byproducts are-ATP, etc.
931275
Substrate-level: production of ATP molecules via transfer of a phosphate group from an intermediate high-energy substrate directly to ADP.\n\nOxidative: production of ATP molecules from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain\n\nGylcolysis and Krebs cycle use substrate-level phosphorylation.  Electron transport chain uses oxidative phosphorylation.\n\nAlso, check out the link for a complete explanation: http://www.csun.edu/~hcbio029/BIOL315/Substrate_vs_oxidative.pdf#search='substrate%20oxidative%20phosphorylation%20difference'
1130819
when we take in the food during the process of respiration the glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid CH3COC0OH BY THE process of glycolysis , initially by taking oxygen by cytoplasm . when it gets more oxygen the pyruvic acid enters mitochondria and is converted to CO2 AND H20 . This cycle is called KREB's cyle . the synthesis of ATP molecule takes place in the F1 particle of mitochondria . \nthe equaton is \nC6H12O6+O2---->CH3C0COOH + O2--->CO2 + H20 \nthis process is called aerobic trespiration \nrespiration involves oxidation of food ....\nthus kreb cycle is aerobic respiration and increase in oxygen increases it !!!!!\nPLEASE VOTE IT AS THE BEST ANSWER IF YOU LIKE IT ..PLEASE......\nI THINK I HAVE ANSWERED YOUR MANY QUERIES
995185
What's your question about it?\n\nThis is the mechanism by which ATP is produced in bacteria, mitochondria and chlorplasts.  Energy for the formation of ATP (by the enzyme ATP synthase) is provided by a proton charge and concentration gradient across a membrane (inner mitochondrial membrane or thylakoid membrane, or plasma membrane in bacteria).  What else would you like to know?
879933
NADH is produced in organisms in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle (TCA) cycle.  Formation of NAD+ to NADH is reduction.  NADH is produced to create reduction power for the cell.  Some of the reduction power is used in cellular synthesis reactions, but most of the reducing power is brought to the electron transport chain where it is manipulated to create alot of energy in the form of ATP.  Most of the energy created in eukaryotic cells (human, plant, algal, and fungal cells) is created using hte reduction power from NADH to create ATP at the mitochondria.
803241
Every 1 (Kreb's) cycle (note that for each glucose molecule 2 cycles take place) yields 3 NADH, 1 FADH2 and 1 molecule of ATP. \n\nThus NADH acquires most of the energy from the Kreb's Cycle. And in turn, it is the same NADH molecules that give off their electrons to the electron transport chain.
294234
* The process begins with the oxidation of pyruvate, producing one CO2, and one acetyl-CoA.\n    * Acetyl-CoA reacts with the four carbon carboxylic acid, oxaloacetate--to form the six carbon carboxylic acid, citrate.\n    * Through a series of reactions citrate is converted back to oxaloacetate. This cycle produces 2 CO2 and consumes 3 NAD+, producing 3NADH and 3H+.\n    * It consumes 3 H2O and consumes one FAD, producing one FADH+.\n    * 1st turn end= 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2\n    * Since there are two molecules of Pyruvic acid to deal with, the cycle turns once more.\n    * The complete end result= 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2
523190
Glycolysis is a process that breaks down glucose without the presence of oxygen. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and involves 10 reactions that convert glucose to 3 carbon pyruvate. The first stage is priming of glucose. Glucose is converted to glucose 6 phosphate using a molecule of ATP, a process called phosphorylation. Then the glucose 6 phosphate is converted into fructose 6 phosphate through the process of isomerization. This is further phosphorylated to fructose 1, 6 bisphosphate (phosphorylation). This fructose 1, 6 bisphosphate is cleaved into two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate. The two G3P undergo substrate level phosphorylation, a sequence of 5 reactions, involving dehydrogenation where NAD+ is reduced, dephosphorylation where two molecule of ATP is formed, isomerization where the phosphate group moves, dehydration where the molecule lose water and dephosphorylation where 2 molecules of ATP are generated and two molecule of pyruvate is formed. \n\nThe fact that glycolysis produces ATP fulfills a minor energy requirement of the cell, since ATP is the energy currency required for cellular functions to work. Another minor energy requirement is the formation of NADH, because the proton in NADH is required to activate the proton pump at the electron transport chain, which, in turn, activates the enzyme ATP synthase responsible for the synthesis of many ATP molecules (aerobic respiration = with oxygen)\n\nThe major relation of glycolysis to the energy requirements of the cell is the transformation of glucose to pyruvate. Pyruvate is decarboxylated and attached to coenzyme-A to form acetyl-coA, which then goes through krebs cycle. Both these processes form NADH (and ATP in the case of the krebs cycle), which can then provide many protons to activate ATP synthase. (aerobic respiration = with oxygen)\n\nMoreover, pyruvate can also be used in the absence of oxygen through anaerobic respiration. Through this process, ATP can be formed without oxygen and can thus fulfill energy requirements of the cell.\n\nVery long but hope this helps =)
920258
The cells takes up glucose that you eat.  Glucose enters Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle.  These are both reactions that convert glucose to ATP.  ATP has three phosphate bonds.  Bonds hold atoms together and they require energy.  Our bodies then break the third phosphate bond (it holds the most energy).  When this energy is released from the bond, we can use it for energy.
962900
The main mechanism of energy production in the body is through the formation and oxidation of adenosine triphosphate, ATP.  Cells convert carbohydrates (which we eat) into ATP, and then oxidize the molecules later to access the energy in their chemical bonds.