when and who discovered cystic fibrosis?
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Here is the history of cystic fibrosis:\n\nAlthough the entire clinical spectrum of CF was not recognized until the 1930s, certain aspects of CF were identified much earlier. Indeed, literature from Germany and Switzerland in the 1700s warned "Wehe dem Kind, das beim Kuß auf die Stirn salzig schmekt, er ist verhext und muss bald sterben" which translates to "Woe is the child who tastes salty from a kiss on the brow, for he is cursed, and soon must die," recognizing the association between the salt loss in CF and illness. Carl von Rokitansky described a case of fetal death with meconium peritonitis, a complication of meconium ileus associated with cystic fibrosis. Meconium ileus was first described in 1905 by Karl Landsteiner.  In 1936, Guido Fanconi published a paper describing a connection between celiac disease, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, and bronchiectasis.\n\nIn 1938, Dorothy Hansine Andersen published an article titled "Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and its relation to celiac disease: a clinical and pathological study" in the American Journal of Diseases of Children. In her paper, she described the characteristic cystic fibrosis of the pancreas correlated it with the lung and intestinal disease prominent in CF.  She also first hypothesized that CF was a recessive disease and first used pancreatic enzyme replacement to treat affected children. In 1952, Paul di Sant' Agnese discovered abnormalities in sweat electrolytes; the sweat test was developed and improved over the next decade.\nIn 1988, the first mutation for CF, ΔF508, was discovered by Francis Collins, Lap-Chee Tsui and John R. Riordan on the seventh chromosome. Research has subsequently found over 1000 different mutations that cause CF. Lap-Chee Tsui led a team of researchers at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto that discovered the gene responsible for CF in 1989. Cystic fibrosis represents the first genetic disorder elucidated strictly by the process of reverse genetics. Because mutations in the CFTR gene are typically small, classical genetics techniques were not able to accurately pinpoint the mutated gene.  Using protein markers, gene linkage studies were able to map the mutation to chromosome 7.  Chromosome walking and jumping techniques were then used to identify and sequence the gene\n\nCF is also widely known as "65 Roses." The phrase came into being when it was used by a young boy who had overheard his mother speaking of his illness. He later informed her that he knew she was working to help with "sixty-five roses".  The term has since been used as a symbol by organizations and families of cystic fibrosis victims. In recent years, the need for funding has increased and entertainers around the world are helping to raise overall awareness for the disease. Notable entertainers include pop singer Celine Dion, rock singer Richard Marx, rock group Paul Collins' Beat, Country music singer Charley Pride, rock singer John Wicks, Country music singer Lee Greenwood and painter Michael Israel, who have each helped to raise awareness for cystic fibrosis through special appearances and events worldwide.
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Sir Hans Krebs discovered teh Kreb's cycle in cellular respiration. He used X-Rays of cells to see how cell respiration takes place
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The discovery of oxygen
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While, indeed, Michał Sędziwój first wrote about oxygen. \n\n A Swedish person named Carl Wilhelm Scheele was a little more scientific in his description and used scientific methods. But, he did not published his findings until after the discovery of Oxygen by Joseph Priestley. Priestley published his discovery, consequently Priestley is usually given the credit.\n\nGet an "A".
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Dr. James Bryan Herrick discovered sickle cell anemia in 1908.
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Cystic fibrosis is an the most common autosomal recessive condition in caucasian children.  It has an occurrence of 1/2000 and 1/22 are carriers in the caucasian population.  It is characterized by abnormally elevated sweat chloride levels, pancreatic insufficiency in 85% of patients and blockage of the airway by thick, heavy mucus.  The later contributes to chronic airway infections.  Half the patients die before the age of 30.\n\nThe gene responsible, CFTR on chromosome 7q31 encodes for a chloride ion channel.  A 3-base-pair deletion in the first nucleotide binding domain is a typical cause for the disorder.  \n\nRecent gene therapy trials have attempted in vivo GAT using recombinant adenoviruses or liposomes to deliver the CFTR gene to the respiratory epithelium have been attempted.  The spice tumeric has also been indicated as potentially limiting the severity of the disease.  Finally, liver transplantation may be a possibility.
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The person who introduced the concept of the pH scale was Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen. He was born in Denmark and was head of a laboratory in Copenhagen, Denmark's capital. It's hard to say exactly where the scale was introduced since it was introduced around 1901, but it is most likely in this laboratory that he discovered it.
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Through the discovery of nitroglycerin by two guys. \n\nNobel began experimenting with it until freak accident at a laboratory where he was working with nitroglycerin an explosion occurred, killing 6 including his brother.
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Here is a nice article on the topic, titled a History of Nebulization:\n\nhttp://www.liebertonline.com/doi/abs/10.1089/08942680152007918\n\nHope that helps!
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The quote is actually - "Genius is 1% Inspiration and 99% perspiration", and it was quoted by Thomas Alva Edison the most famous American Inventor who, singly or jointly, held a world record 1.093 patents. In addition, he created the world's first industrial research laboratory, 1847-1931.
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The nucleolus suborganelle was originally discovered in eels by the Italian scientist Felice Fontana in 1774. He was able to see the large, darkly stained nucleolus under a simple light microscope. However, its function wasn't discovered until two centuries later.
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Nitrogen was discovered by Daniel Rutherford who was a student who needed a dissertation in order to finish his medical degree. However, all references I can find say he did this in 1772. \n\nBromine was prepared by Carl Löwig in about 1825 before starting his freshman year at Heidelberg. With winter exams and holidays, he was delayed in studying it further as his professor had requested, and another chemist Antoine-Jérôme Balard, published a paper describing the new element.  Balard was given the credit for discovering the new element.
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"penicillin" was discovered by Alexander Flemming
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"In the 12th century, the Arab physician Albucasis wrote of a family whose males died of bleeding after minor injuries. Then, in 1803, Dr. John Conrad Otto, a Philadelphia physician, wrote an account about "a haemorrhagic disposition existing in certain families." He recognized that the disorder was hereditary and that it affected males and rarely females. He was able to trace the disease back to a woman who settled near Plymouth in 1720. The first usage of the term "haemophilia" appears in a description of the condition written by Hopff at the University of Zurich in 1828. In 1937, Patek and Taylor, two doctors from Harvard, discovered anti-hemophilic globulin. Pavlosky, a doctor from Buenos Aires, found Haemophilia A and Haemophilia B to be separate diseases by doing a lab test. This test was done by transferring the blood of one haemophiliac to another haemophiliac. The fact that this corrected the clotting problem showed that there was more than one form of haemophilia."
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that question ranks with who discovered u can get milk from cows and what they were doing at the time lol
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first of all cystic fibrosis is not an infectious disease, i don't know why it is in this category\n\nif you have cystic fibrosis you have the gene so it means you have had it since you were concieved, but the sign and symptoms may not show until mid-teens or even later in mid-20's. so that is when it is diagnosed. but this is very rare and the symptoms usually begin around the ages 5 or 6.
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I have read that the vas defrens are not normal in men with cystic fibrosis. I know women with the disease can get pregnant, but don't know any men who have the illness.