did george washington invent cocaine?
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Although the stimulant and hunger-suppressant properties of coca had been known for many centuries, the isolation of the cocaine alkaloid was not achieved until 1855. Many scientists had attempted to isolate cocaine, but none had been successful for two reasons: the knowledge of chemistry required was insufficient at the time, worsened because coca does not grow in Europe and ruins easily during travel.\n\nThe cocaine alkaloid was first isolated by the German chemist Friedrich Gaedcke in 1855. Gaedcke named the alkaloid “erythroxyline,” and published a description in the journal Archives de Pharmacie.\n\nIn 1856, Friedrich Wöhler asked Dr. Carl Scherzer, a scientist aboard the Novara (an Austrian frigate sent by Emperor Franz Joseph to circle the globe), to bring him a large amount of coca leaves from South America. In 1859, the ship finished its travels and Wöhler received a trunk full of coca. Wöhler passed on the leaves to Albert Niemann, a Ph.D. student at the University of Göttingen in Germany, who then developed an improved purification process.\n\nNiemann described every step he took to isolate cocaine in his dissertation titled Über eine neue organische Base in den Cocablättern (On a New Organic Base in the Coca Leaves), which was published in 1860—it earned him his Ph. D. and is now in the British Library. He wrote of the alkaloid's “colourless transparent prisms” and said that, “Its solutions have an alkaline reaction, a bitter taste, promote the flow of saliva and leave a peculiar numbness, followed by a sense of cold when applied to the tongue.” Niemann named the alkaloid “Cocain”—as with other alkaloids its name carried the “-in” ending (derived from the Latin suffix -ina).
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Use mine..."How America's cocaine habit has ruined a a country."  The country is of course Columbia.  My first one was on Methamphetamine, which is a very hot topic right now, you could get lots of good info.
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http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugPages/Cocaine.html                every thing you need to know about it
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George Washington....thanks for the points! :)
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It began after the First Continental Congress?  LMAO..  Research it, using wikipedia, the encyclopedia and other sources.  Then report as if you are a star chasing paparazzi, clamoring to view Washington's newest girl, Franklin's bling bling and Jefferson's mixed kids....have fun with it.
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well.. the first USA president was george washington.
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The native peoples in areas like Colombia have chewed on coca leaves for millenia.  The mild stimulant affect helps them, as they live at very high altitudes.  \n\nThe particular alkaloid cocaine was isolated in 1855 by Friedrich Gaedcke, a German chemmist.  The process was improved in 1856 by Albert Niemannn.
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do u mean who? george washington
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George washington.\nThere would be no America without him.
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MARADONNA, hardcore cocaine user
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Andrew Jackson. Partyers followed him to the White House to celebrate and his aides had to fill washtubs with orange juice and whisky on the lawn to get them out of the White House.LOL
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The First President of the United States of America was George Washington.
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100 years ago cocaine was legal. It was not until the pure food and drug act of 1906 that made cocaine and many other drugs illegal. The pure food and drug act of 1906 was signed into law by then President Teddy Roosevelt who one morning was eating a plate of sausage while reading the controversial book by Upton Sinclair The Jungle (About the practices of the meat processing industry, which at the time had human fingers and dead mice as part of the meat products going into the market). However, the ban on cocaine in the pure food and drug act of 1906 was only amplified in 1970 by the signing of the controlled substance act. Viagra though was a different story, in 1989 Pfizer was testing a cancer drug that had a side effect of treating erectile dysfunction, and then 9 years later was remarketed as Viagra. And finally to answer the main point of your question, it is not the drug dealers fighting among each other that are the problem with the drugs. It's the crooked bankers who launder their drug money, and what you do is take George Carlin's advice and you take about 10 of these bankers every Monday Night and you nail them to crosses during the halftime show of Monday Night Football, and then you get Marlboro Cigarettes and Dow Chemicals to sponsor the whole thing, and then you talk about that drug trade really slowing down. So it's not really a matter of legalizing drugs, just more a matter of taking away the source of money laundering that these drug dealers use.
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cocaine is made from the leaves of the coca plant - about 10LB of leaves tomake 1Lb of cocaine.\n\nChemicals are used also but nothing terribly elaborate.\n\nSo "man modified" - but simply chewing the leaves "works" - and locals DO chew the leaves - for both recreation purposes and for pain relief
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George Washington was born in Westmoreland County Virginia in 1732. \n\nFamily\n\nWashington's ancestors were from England; his great-grandfather, John Washington, immigrated to Virginia in 1657. George's father Augustine "Gus" Washington (1693–1743) was a slave-owning planter who later tried his hand in iron-mining ventures. His mother was Mary Ball Washington (1708–1789), who lived to see her son become famous, but had a strained relationship with him. In George's youth, the Washingtons were moderately prosperous members of the Virginia gentry, of "middling rank" rather than one of the leading families. Washington, the oldest child from his father's second marriage, had two older half-brothers and four younger siblings. \n\nWashington would marry Martha Washington. She was born Martha Daindridge in Virginia. At the age of 18, she married Daniel Parke Custis, a rich bachelor two decades her senior. She had four children by Custis. A son and a daughter, Daniel (1751-1754) and Frances (1753-1757), died in childhood, but her two younger children, John (Jacky) Parke Custis (1754-1781) and Martha ("Patsy") Parke Custis (1756-1773) survived to young adulthood. Custis' death in 1757 left Martha a rich widow, with independent control over a dower inheritance for her lifetime and trustee control over the inheritance of her minor children.\n\nTwo years after the death of her first husband, Martha Dandridge Custis married Colonel George Washington on January 6, 1759. Shortly after the marriage, he left the colonial arm of the British military due to the British policy denying colonials command opportunities with the regular British army. They lived a prosperous and apparently happy life at Washington's Mount Vernon estate. Martha and George Washington had no children together, but they raised Martha's two surviving children. John Parke Custis served as an aide to Washington during the siege of Yorktown in 1781. During this service, Jack died, probably of typhus. After his death, the Washingtons raised two of his children, Martha's youngest grandchildren, Eleanor Parke Custis and George Washington Parke Custis (April 30, 1781 - October 10, 1857). They also provided personal and financial support to nieces, nephews and other family members in both the Dandridge and Washington families.\n\n\n\nEducation\n\nWashington had little formal education: the death of his father prevented him from receiving an education in England as his older brothers had done. Instead, Washington was trained as a surveyor. \n\nCareer\n\nGeorge Washington was the Commander in Chief of American forces in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and later the first President of the United States, an office he held from 1789 to 1797. Because of his central role in the founding of the United States, Washington is often called the "Father of his Country". Scholars rank him among the greatest of United States presidents.\n\nWashington first gained prominence leading troops from Virginia in support of the British Empire during the French and Indian War (1754–1763), a conflict which he inadvertently helped to start. After leading the American victory in the Revolutionary War, he relinquished his military power and returned to civilian life, an act that brought him much renown. In 1787, he presided over the Constitutional Convention that drafted the United States Constitution and, in 1789, was the unanimous choice to become the first President of the United States. His two-term administration set many policies and traditions that survive today. After his second term expired, Washington again retired to civilian life, establishing an important precedent of peaceful change of government that was to serve as an example for the United States and for other future republics.
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Vin Mariani\n\n\nCocaine was first used recreationally in the 1860s. People were using cocaine as a recreational drug almost as soon as it was synthesized. A few years after its synthesis, cocaine appeared in cigarettes, ointments, nasal sprays, and preparations sold as tonics.\n\nThese legal tonics had coke mixed with other substances, including morphine, codeine, and opium. They were sold in a liquid form, and cured "whatever ailed you". The powder itself was used recreationally almost as soon as it was isolated.\n\nThe most popular of cocaine laced products was Mariani Wine (Vin Mariani). It was a wine and cocaine mixture that was launched in 1863. Nearly all popular personalities of the day used and endorsed it. These Vin Maria lovers included: Queen Victoria, The Pope, Thomas Edison, and others.
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GEORGE WASHINGTON  •  U.S. President / Military Leader / Revolutionary War Figure \n \nGeorge Washington is often called "the father of his country" for his crucial role in fighting for, creating and leading the United States of America in its earliest days. Washington was a surveyor, farmer and soldier who rose to command the colonial forces in the Revolutionary War. His success in the war made him a tremendously popular figure in America even after he retired to his farm at Mount Vernon in 1783. He was the natural choice to serve as the country's first president in 1789 after the new United States Constitution was ratified. He served two terms, refused a third, and returned to his Virginia farm. In 1798 he was again commissioned as commander in chief of the army, a title he held until his death 18 months later. He was succeeded as president by John Adams. \nExtra credit: Washington married the widow Martha Dandridge Custis in 1759; they had no children together, but Washington adopted Martha's children John and Martha... Washington was land-rich but often cash-poor, and had to borrow money in order to get to his first inauguration... Washington had false teeth but, contrary to popular rumor, they were not made of wood. According to the Mount Vernon official site, Washington's dentures "were probably more uncomfortable than wood. They were made of cow's teeth, human teeth, and elephant ivory set in a lead base with springs that allowed him to open and close his mouth"... The story of Washington chopping down a cherry tree is also not true; it was invented by an early biographer of Washington, Parson Mason Weems.    \nOne more thing, they did not use powder to make their hair \nwhite, in that era men wore wigs to make them look more \ndistinguished,,,,, don't figure lol.