What are ambident nucleophiles? give example?
829902
an ambident nucleophile is a molecule that can act as a nucleophile from two different sides.  For example, S=C=N(-) can act as a nucleophile with either the S or the N attacking.
373250
C3H7NO2 \n\nwww.chemfinder.com is a useful resource.  \n\nI hope this helps :)
832151
I think d). Br- can be a good leaving group and be displaced by an appropriate chemical (nucleophile).
130061
Yes, CN- has a triple bond, and N is slightly more EN than C, Remember that electronegativity increases up and to the left in the periodic table!
308551
Xavier is dead wrong. NH4+ is tetrahedral. Most of his answer applies to NH3, which is trigonal pyramidal, and not the same thing as NH4+.\n\nPolar molecules have a large net electrical dipole moment. In a sense, the dipole moment tells you how close you are to becoming an ionic compound. If there is no net dipole moment, the compound is completely non-polar. On the other extreme, if it's an ionic compound, it's completely polar.\n\nLook carefully at your question. NH4+ is an ion, not a molecule, and the terms "polar" and "non-polar" don't really apply to ions. The reason is that ions must be part of an ionic compound, and the ionic compound would be considered polar by definition. For example, (NH4)Cl is an ionic compound and therefore very polar, but asking whether NH4+ is polar is no different than asking whether Cl- is polar.\n\nA couple of good textbooks for further information and examples would be "Organic Chemistry" by Solomons and "Organic Chemistry" by Peter Vollhardt.
637918
Electrophile\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\nJump to: navigation, search\nIn chemistry, an electrophile (literally electron-lover) is a reagent attracted to electrons that participates in a chemical reaction by accepting an electron pair in order to bond to a nucleophile. Because electrophiles accepts electrons, they are Lewis acids (see acid-base reaction theories). Most electrophiles are positively charged, have an atom which carries a partial positive charge, or have an atom which does not have an octet of electrons.\n\nContents [hide]\n1 Electrophiles in Organic Chemistry \n1.1 Alkenes \n1.2 Addition Reactions \n1.3 Hydration \n2 See also \n \n\n\n\nOne important type of electrophiles are carbocations, important in many organic chemistry reactions.\n\nBecause of their ionic reactivity, electrophilic molecules are prominent actors in toxication, the conversion of compounds to toxic metabolites. Cytochrome, for instance, metabolizes many drugs into toxic, electrophilic intermediates. Alternately, detoxication may involve conjugating electrophiles into less reactive species.\n\n[edit]\nElectrophiles in Organic Chemistry\n[edit]\nAlkenes\nElectrophilic addition is one of the three main forms of reacting concerning alkenes. They consist of:\n\nHydrogenation by the addition of hydrogen over the double bond. \nElectrophilic addition reactions with halogens and sulphuric Acid. \nHydration to form alcohols. \n[edit]\nAddition Reactions\nThese occur between alkenes and electrophiles, often halogens. Common reactions include use of bromine water to titrate against a sample to deduce the number of double bonds present. For example, ethene + bromine:\n\nC2H4 + Br2 --> CH2BrCH2Br\n\nThis takes the form of 3 main steps;\n\nDipole induced in bromine\nThe Br-Br molecule has even distribution of electrons over the covalent bond, but as it nears the ethene molecule, with its high electron density, a dipole is induced in the bromine molecule. Giving the Br atom closest to the ethene a δ+ (slight positive) charge, and the other atom a δ– charge. \nElectrophilic attack\nThe positively charged bromine atom acts as an electrophile, and the electrons in the ethene double bond begin to form a new carbon-bromine bond with the δ+ bromine. \nBromide ion forms\nThe carbon-bromine bond is formed using an electron pair from the C=C bond, thus the other carbon in the double bond becomes part of an electron deficient Carbocation. The Br-Br bond breaks as the electrons move away from the new C-Br bond and a Br- ion is produced. This ion then acts as a nucleophile and uses a lone pair of electrons to form a new bond with the carbocation. \nThis works in the same way for addition of H-Br and sulfuric acid\n\n[edit]\nHydration\nOne of the more complex reactions utilises sulfuric acid as a catalyst. This reaction occurs in a similar way to the addition reaction but has an extra step in which the OSO3H group is replaced by an OH group, forming an alcohol:\n\nC2H4 + H2O --> C2H5OH\n\nAs you can see the H2SO4 does not take part in the overall reaction, however it does take part but remains unchanged so is clasified as a catalyst.\n\nThis is the reaction in more detail:\n\nThe H-OSO3H molecule has a Δ+ charge on the initial H atom, this is attracted to and reacts with the double bond in the same way as before. \nThe remaining (negatively charged) OSO3H molecule then attaches to the carbocation. Forming ethyl hydrogensulphate. \nWhen water (H2O) is added and the mixture headed ethanol is produced (C2H5OH) is produced, the "spare" hydrogen atom from the water goes into "replacing" the "lost" hydrogen and thus reproduces sulphuric acid. \nOverall this process adds a molecule of water to a molecule of ethene.\n\nThis is an important reaction in industry as it produces ethanol.\n\n[edit]\nSee also\nNucleophile \nRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophile"\nCategories: Chemical properties\n\nViews
287531
They act as a catalyst which sppeds up the reaction
482616
Synthesizing compounds  particularly naturally occuring ones through chemical reactions in the lab or industry.
390255
i presume you mean cyclohexanone (since cyclohexanol is not a carbonyl compound, it is an alcohol).\n\nBF3 is a Lewis acid, and the B has an empty p-orbital.  The lone-pair of electrons from the carbonyl will form a dative bond with the B by donating both the electrons to this bond.  This increasese the dipole on the C=O double bond making the C more available to nucleophilic attack (remember that the C in carbonyl compounds is slightly electropositive and the O slightly electronegative).  \n\nThe mechanism is the same on any carbonyl compound, so nothing specific for cyclohexanone.\n\nHope this helps
901500
substitution reaction: a reaction in which one atom replaces another in a molecule\nIn organic chemistry, the electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions are of prime importance. Organic substitution reactions are classified in several main organic reaction types depending on whether the reagent that brings about the substitution is considered an electrophile or a nucleophile, whether a reactive intermediate involved in the reaction is a carbocation, a carbanion or a free radical or whether the substrate is aliphatic or aromatic. Detailed understanding of a reaction type helps to predict the product outcome in a reaction. It also is helpful for optimizing a reaction with regard to variables such as temperature and choice of solvent.\n\n\nNucleophilic substitutions\nA nucleophile reacts with an aliphatic substrate in a nucleophilic aliphatic Substitution reaction. \nWhen the substrate is an aromatic compound the reaction type is nucleophilic aromatic substitution. \ncarboxylic acid derivatives react with nucleophiles in nucleophilic acyl substitution. \n\n Electrophilic substitutions\nElectrophiles are involved in electrophilic substitution reactions and particularly in electrophilic aromatic substitutions. \nElectrophilic reactions to other unsaturated compounds than arenes generally lead to electrophilic addition rather than substitution. \n\nDouble displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which parts of two reacting structures swap places; i.e. a reaction of the type:\n\nAB + CD → AD + CB \nwhere A, B, C and D represent molecules or groups of molecules. The exchange can be thought of as "switching dance partners".\n\nUnlike single displacement reactions, which are always redox, double displacement reactions never feature a redox process.
306184
If you're talking about a thermodynamically endothermic rxn, then PHOTOSYNTHESIS is a good example. Photosynthesis needs to be powered by solar energy in order to work. All endothermic processes need energy INPUT to urn. Conversely, exothermic rxns can happen spontaneously and release energy as product.
1089031
Organic compounds have carbon in them.  Examples would be methane, sugar, alcohol, etc.\n\nInorganic compounds are all other compounds.  Examples would be salts (such as NaCl or MgCl2), water, etc.
150155
Carbon bound to Nitrogen by a triple bond.
1005052
Typically you can do most regular organic chemistry reactions with radiolabelled substrates. So for instance\n\nacetaldehyde + NaT4 -> CH3CTHOH\n\nCH3CTHOH + Na(129)I -> CH3CTH(129)I would work
309511
You are not breaking a double bond or a triple bond, you are breaking a pi-bond in both addition to alkenes and alkynes.\nThe rate of reaction with a nucleophile depends a lot on which nucleophile and which alkene or alkyne. The product of a nucleophilic addition produces a carbocation attached by a single bond in the case of alkenes, and by a double bond in the case of alkynes. The vinyl cation from addition to alkynes is much higher in energy than the alkane cation from addition to the corresponding alkene, so in that sense, addition would seem to be slower to an alkyne. However, there is evidence to suggest some sort of cyclic addition in the case of alkynes, which complicates the picture. Add to that the effect of solvent and other reaction conditions, and it should be clear that there is no simple answer to your question.
756535
chemical properties of benzene\nElectrophilic aromatic substitution is a general method of derivatizing benzene. Benzene is sufficiently nucleophilic that it undergoes substitution by acylium ions or alkyl carbocations to afford give substituted derivatives. \n\nThe Friedel-Crafts acylation is a specific example of electrophilic aromatic substitution. The reaction involves the acylation of benzene (or many other aromatic rings) with an acyl chloride using a strong Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminium chloride.. \n\nLike the Friedel-Crafts acylation, the Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the alkylation of benzene (and many other aromatic rings) usng an alkyl halide in the presence of a strong Lewis acid catalyst. \n\nsulfonation. \nNitration: Benzene undergoes nitration with nitronioum ions (NO2+) as the electrophile. Thus, warming benzene with a combination of concentrated sulphuric and nitric acid gives nitrobenzene. \nHydrogenation: Benzene and derivatives convert to cyclohexane and derivatives when treated with hydrogen at high hydrogen pressures. \nBenzene is an excellent ligand in the organometallic chemistry of low-valent metals. Important examples include the sandwich and half-sandwich complexes respectively Cr(C6H6)2 and [RuCl2(C6H6)]2
172042
C4H9N3O2 For the structure goto http://www.cwu.edu/~chem/courses/chem388488f00/coulombe/CREATINE1.GIF