What is the validity of nicotine testing?
816255
the tests are reliable.  As for validity, that is another matter open for interpretation.  More info is needed to determine the "purpose" of the testing, who is doing it, who is being tested and what are the consequences.
1049177
I don't know, but you answered my question on I.Q. tests . . .\nHow do you know if Tickle I.Q. tests are valid???
627382
not good. the nicotine affects ur liver and respiratory system in the long run
1074280
it will help stimulate the release of endorphins, our very own natural body chemical which helps with the relief of pain and stress. Studies have shown that nicotine releases endorphins to the smoker, which gives them a sense of relaxation. When a smoker tries to quit, it is that sudden drop in their own endorphin level that leads to severe withdrawal symptoms, cravings, irritability and stress. Our treatment increases the endorphin level and at the same time restores balance, therefore greatly either reducing or even completely eliminating the withdrawal symptoms associated with quitting smoking.  \n see more at http://www.nomoresmoke.com/\nbeside that my mom has tried it and she been smoke free for almost 7 month.
90058
Absolutely! They are made with tobacco which is the source of the nicotine. Here is some info you should know!\n\nCigar Smoking Skyrockets \nCigar Smoking Skyrockets \n \nArticle date: 1998/12/31  \nBetween 1989 and 1993, cigar smoking skyrocketed 133 percent according to researchers at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute's Department of Cancer Control and Epidemiology in Buffalo, N.Y. Their findings were published in the July 1998 edition of the American Journal of Public Health. Researchers surveyed 22 communities in North America, and found an increase in cigar use among both sexes, as well as in all age groups, races, incomes, educational levels and smoking frequency.\nTheir findings concur with those of many scientists, who noted a sharp decline in the prevalence of cigar smoking from 1964 to 1991, then a resurgence in popularity, particularly among younger adults, over the past few years. According to the Cigar Association of America, two billion cigars were sold to 10 million cigar smokers in 1994, the first year of a marked increase in sales. In 1996, 4.4 billion cigars were sold, marking a 45 percent increase in sales since 1993. Many people believe these increases are due in large part because of manufacturer's marketing and advertising efforts, celebrity endorsements of cigars as glamorous and acceptable, and the linking of cigars and the supposed good life in TV shows, movies, and magazines.\n\nResearchers also noted the public may think cigar smoking is a safer and less addictive alternative to cigarettes. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, cancer deaths among cigar smokers are 34 percent higher than among nonsmokers. They also state cigar smoking causes cancers of the larynx, oral cavity, esophagus, and lungs. Just like cigarettes, cigars contain nicotine.\n\nA 1996 study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), found an estimated six million US teenagers aged 14-19 had smoked at least one cigar within the past year.\n\nHere are some other facts about cigars and their usage:\n\n\nThe carcinogens and cancer-producing chemicals found in cigarettes are also present in cigars.\n\nCigar smokers have three times the risk of developing lung cancer than nonsmokers, according to a 1985 study in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute (JNCI).\n\nCigar smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to suffer from persistent coughs, phlegm, and are at increased risk of peptic ulcers, according to a 1987 issue of The American Journal of Public Health.\n\nConcentrations in tar and nicotine are much higher in cigars than cigarettes, according to a study in a 1988 edition of Preventative Medicine. In a presentation at a June 1998 American Cancer Society conference on the health risks of cigar smoking, scientist Jack Henningfield, PhD, vice president of research and health policy at Pinney Associates noted the amounts of nicotine in cigars. "A study of 10 cigar types showed that cigars contain amounts of nicotine ranging (on the low end) from that equivalent to a single cigarette to (on the high end) that equivalent to an entire pack of cigarettes. Most cigars contain nicotine in quantities equivalent to several cigarettes," he said.\n\nExposure to secondhand cigar smoke carries the same risks as exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke, according to an article in the January 10, 1995 edition of TheWashington Post.\n\nCigar packages bear no warning from the Surgeon General, as cigarette packages do.\n\nThe 1990 Budget Reconciliation Act taxes cigars at a federal level of $1.125 per thousand, which equals less than a penny each.\n\nAccording to a presentation at the ACS cigar conference given by researcher John Slade, MD, addiction and chemical dependencies specialist at the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School in New Jersey, "The sale of cigars has increased markedly in the past five years. Despite the fact that virtually all of the advertising and promotion of these produc
723947
It depends on the smoker.  There are 20 cigarettes in a standard pack.  There are some packs that have 25 cigarettes in a pack.
483469
Nicotine is a short-acting drug that is eliminated from the body relatively quickly (i.e., within a day or so). However, the effects of acute nicotine withdrawal can be felt for as much as two weeks or more. In addition, the byproducts of nicotine can be detected in the blood for up to a month after you stop smoking. This is only of concern if you are in a situation where someone else might want to test you for the presence of nicotine or nicotine byproducts in your system. \n\nMost people can quit "cold turkey" without any ill effects other than feeling irritable, restless, and craving cigarettes. However, if you have any medical condition for which you are (or should be) receiving treatment, it's a good idea to check with your doctor first. He or she can also support your efforts to quit and discuss nicotine replacement options if you choose to slowly wean yourself off nicotine. \n\nI pasted this article that may help answer your question. Good Luck!
155964
I don't have much experience with Hooka Tabacy but having quit smoking I can say that NOTHING you smoke is good for you. Smoking anything can lead you back to cigarettes again. Stay away from it.
753167
There are no risks associated with passive smoking that are scientifically verifiable. \n\nConsider the 2 largest studies ever: \n\nthe WHO announced with much fanfare that those who were subjected to passive smoking ran a 16 to 17% greater chance of contracting lung cancer. What they failed to mention is that the chances of a non-smoker contracting lung cancer is only 0.01%, meaning the increased risk equates to only 0.0017%, which in statistical terms is zero. \n\nThe other large study was conducted with a sample of over 35,000 non-smoking spouses of smokers, by scientists from the Universities of Califonia and New York. They found that there was no statistical evidence ot suggest these non-smokers (in a study which ran from 1959 to 1998) suffered greater mortality rates than non-smokers generally from either coronary heart disease or lung cancer at any time or any level of exposure.\n\nI suspect this won't be the most popular answer, because so many people are health facists. That of course is the problem: lots of people with little tolerance and a big axe to grind, overlooking scientific study because they prefer instead to mis-interpret statistics and ban things they don't like themselves.\n\nMe? I'm a militant smoker.\n\nIn response to later answers, the idea that something should be banned because you don't like it is nonsense. I may not like your after shave or perfume, but I'm not recommending that people who wear either should be forced to sit outside. And I note that, rather than picking on the largest study, which showed no link between coronary heart disease or lung cancer rates and passive smoking, you've picked on the 0.0017% chance in the WHO report to justify your argument. Statistically speaking, 0.0017% is the equivalent of 0, and, given that the margin of error was several orders of magnitude greater than the ten thousandths of a percent being measured, one could as easily argue that it shows a positive effect. No serious statician would even include such a result, and especially not trumpeting the 16-17% increased risk, unless there was a political (or at least politically correct) motivation. \n\nWhile the death of Roy Castle was very sad in an abstract sort of way (lots of people die every day, and I don't know them either, so what do I care?) even the British Medical Association, that well known defender of smokers rights (!) only claim that about 800 people a year die of passive smoking - the most alarmist claim made. To put this into perspective, there were 1,650 deaths related to falls, 3,508 road traffic deaths and 3,946 deaths related to accidents in the home. Thus in order for your argument to be logically consistent and concerned with saving lives rather than banning things you simply don't like, you should first focus on banning cars, houses, and anything which allows people to raise themselves more than 6 inches off the floor. \n\nMore details on the study:\n\nIn May 2003, the British Medical Journal carried the results of research conducted by James Enstrom of the University of California, which monitored the non-smoking partners of 35,561 smoking spouses over a period of 30 years from 1959 to 1998. The study found that exposure to ETS was not significantly associated with death from coronary heart disease or lung cancer at any time, or at any level of exposure.\n\nOther quoted figures:\nRoad Traffic deaths 2003 from government figures published August 2004\nAccidental deaths – ONS Statistics for accidental deaths - 1998\n\nAnd as predicted, the number of - ratings for my answer is high, proving that an age is called dark not because there is no light, but because people refuse to see it.
1121440
There isn't one company. "Nicotine Transdermal System" means a "system" (the patch) that delivers nicotine. "USP" means United States Pharmacopeia, essentially "pharmaceutical grade".\n\nAs the previous answerer said, go see your doctor. Also, if it helps get you off tobacco, paying for it out of pocket will be cheaper than continuing to pay for the smokes.
521277
Anything really, cigarettes give false positives all the time, probably the worst offenders in your question... Keep in mind that breath alcohol tests are NOT RELIABLE and you can easily get out of a DUI in which that is the only evidence against you...  if you were busted with a breathalyzer you can get out of it because so many things cause false positives and can inflate the readings...
1060812
the answer is no,that test ( hair sample ) can tell them what cough syrup your mother gave you when you where 2.and i mean the date and time,it is a very accurate test and can not be fooled...( relitive in the C.I.A trust me on this...)
947623
I don't know that there is any evidence of this.  I think the danger is in inhaling the smoke of burning leaves.  \n\nIf there is any danger in your job, I would think that there would be more danger in the chemical additives used then the tobacco itself.
231717
I haven't heard of it. My attitude toward it, however, is to find out WHAT the actual tests consisted of. Though people test products all the time, it does not mean that they tested in a way that could possibly be accurate.
899498
if in doubt..you can buy a home drug test at any pharmacy ( at Rite Aid they are near the pharmacy counter, by the condoms and diabetic supplies..you do not have to ask for them ) for under 25 bucks..\nThey are very accurate and will tell you exactly what the lab test will show..\n\nMake sure he drinks alot of fluids , starting 3 days before the test..do not over do it with fluids within the 12 hours before, it will over dilute the urine and it will not make the test valid ( he will pee straight water and it will be rejected ) \n\nIf it was at least 2 weeks ago he has a good chance of passing as long as he is not a chronic smoker and he drinks enough to keep his system flushed well..\n\nGood Luck, but I do suggest taking the home test an hour before he goes in..just for good measure..
605545
Criterion for testing: people who didn't smoke got lung cancer just like smokers.  Turned out that these people that didn't smoke but got cancer anyway, lived or worked with smokers or inhaled second hand smoke from their living environments.\n\nProcedure: statistical analysis of thousands of patients that had cancer.
202405
Here is one of the tests you are talking about.  I hope this helps.