is the address of next hop's address added into an ip packet when it is in routing process?
828355
The next hops address will be used to find the mac address of the layer3 device (router). The frame contains the IP address is Sourcemac-NexthopMAC-SourceIP-DestinationIP. When the packet moves from router to router the IP remains same but the MAC changes to next hops MAC
708214
When an IP device needs to speak to another IP device on the same subnet it must have the hardware address of that device.  To get it, it looks in its ARP table (which is empty at first).  Finding nothing, it sends a broadcast ARP request saying "would the owner of the IP address a.b.c.d please respond to me?"  The all stations on the subnet hear the request and the owner responds "this is me."  (The packet with the response carries the hardware address of the responder.)  The original requester caches that association of IP address and hardware address in its ARP table.\n\nThe next time the requester wants to send a packet to the same IP address, it would find the IP address-hardware address association in the ARP table and would skip the broadcast message.  It can send the packet without re-doing the address resolution because it already "knows" from the ARP table.\n\nARP entries age out of the table after a few minutes or if another device with that IP address (and a different hardware address) speaks up.  This was if you shut down a computer, replace the network card (changing the hardware address), and re-start, the other devices on the network will learn to know your computer by the new hardware address when they want to send packets to you.\n\nThe ARP tables cut the number of broadcast network packets dramatically (every station has to receive and decide what to do with each broadcast packet).  Without the ARP table, every packet sent would be proceeded by a broadcast packet and a response from the receiver--three packets for every one effective transmitted packet.
20680
This is true.  Some ISPs will allow you to pay extra if you want a "static" IP address, one that does not change.   Otherwise you have a dynamic IP address and it changes every time.  Or at least it CAN change every time.  There's always the chance you will get reassigned the same address.
67370
If you choose to use the DHCP to assign IP addresses then the router will only assign IP address from one subnet (ie. 192.168.1.x, or 192.168.2.x, etc.) to both wired and wireless clients.  \n\nIf you would prefer to use your router to assign addresses across multiple IP subnets, this can be accomplished by assigning all IP addresses manually.\n\nSo, the answer is yes, if you want it to. Or... No, if you don't want it to.
443120
Simple. The 192.168.1.1 is your rotuers internal (LAN) network address, not the external (WAN). Your WAN address is what is unique to your router. NAT takes place inside the router to 'translate' your incoming WAN addressed packets to the LAN address that requested it.
423359
Your IP address can be tracked to you, regardless if it's dynamic or not.  When you're given an IP, it is logged by your ISP.
243886
There are databases that can be checked against to see where the IP address originates from.\n\nThey simply perform a check using the visiting IP address against these databases to get the location.
1116464
this is a 2 part question, a route refers to the path that a router chooses to send a packet along after recieveing it (where to relay the data).  The default route is 'where to go the router doesnt know what the destination is' (a 'send it that way when nothing seems to fit').  The recursive part refers to the action the router takes to select the best route for an address that isnt directly connected.  ...this is getting hairy so I'll try again:\n\n1) router gets a packet and needs to send it....somewhere ('your_house')\n\n2)router looks in it's internal table to see where your_house is, but doesnt see it.\n\n3) the router can tell from the destination address that your_house is on oak_street, so it looks up oak_street- ah-hah.\n\n4) router sends packet along to oak_street assuming that a router closer to your house can get it to you\n\ntech speak:\n\nyour_house= host address\noak_street = network address
923581
This is true.  MAC Addressing is at Layer 2, and MAC addresses control how one packet gets to the next piece of hardware, the next hop.\n\nFor instance, when a router receives a packet, it determines the next hop based on it's IP lookup table for the destination IP.  It then writes the MAC address of the next hop into the packet's destination address, puts it's own MAC address in the packet's source address, and then submits the whole new packet out on the correct interface.\n\nOf course this implies Ethernet type network is used from source to destination, when many different network types could have been used on the way.
1151824
yes\n\nif using the classic start menu\n\nstart->settings->network connections->right click on local area connection->properties->select internet protocol(TCP/IP)-> click properties\n\nor if you are using the new start menu\n\nstart->control panel->network connections->right click on local area connection->properties->select internet protocol(TCP/IP)-> click properties\n\nselect the use the following ip address if its not already selected
35019
A mask used to determine what subnet an IP address belongs to. An IP address has two components, the network address and the host address. For example, consider the IP address 150.215.017.009. Assuming this is part of a Class B network, the first two numbers (150.215) represent the Class B network address, and the second two numbers (017.009) identify a particular host on this network. \nSubnetting enables the network administrator to further divide the host part of the address into two or more subnets. In this case, a part of the host address is reserved to identify the particular subnet. This is easier to see if we show the IP address in binary format. The full address is: \n\n10010110.11010111.00010001.00001001 \n\nThe Class B network part is: \n\n10010110.11010111 \n\nand the host address is \n\n00010001.00001001 \n\nIf this network is divided into 14 subnets, however, then the first 4 bits of the host address (0001) are reserved for identifying the subnet. \n\nThe subnet mask is the network address plus the bits reserved for identifying the subnetwork. (By convention, the bits for the network address are all set to 1, though it would also work if the bits were set exactly as in the network address.) In this case, therefore, the subnet mask would be 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000. It's called a mask because it can be used to identify the subnet to which an IP address belongs by performing a bitwise AND operation on the mask and the IP address. The result is the subnetwork address: Subnet Mask 255.255.240.000  11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000 \nIP Address 150.215.017.009  10010110.11010111.00010001.00001001 \nSubnet Address 150.215.016.000  10010110.11010111.00010000.00000000 \n\n\nThe subnet address, therefore, is 150.215.016.000.
186207
Internet Protocol address) The address of a device attached to an IP network (TCP/IP network). Every client, server and network device must have a unique IP address for each network connection (network interface). Every IP packet contains a source IP address and a destination IP address.\n\nStatic and Dynamic IP\n\nAn IP network is somewhat similar to the telephone network in that you have to have the phone number to reach a destination. The big difference is that IP addresses are often temporary.\n\nEach device in an IP network is either assigned a permanent address (static IP) by the network administrator or is assigned a temporary address (dynamic IP) via DHCP software. Routers, firewalls and proxy servers use static addresses as do most servers and printers that serve multiple users. Client machines may use static or dynamic IP addresses. The IP address assigned to your service by your cable or DSL Internet provider is typically dynamic IP. In routers and operating systems, the default configuration for clients is dynamic IP (see DHCP).\n\nDotted Decimals\n\nIP addresses are written in "dotted decimal" notation, which is four sets of numbers separated by periods; for example, 204.171.64.2. If you knew the IP address of a Web site, you could enter the dotted decimal number into your browser instead of the domain name (which is why we have DNS!).\n\nAlthough the next version of the IP protocol offers a virtually unlimited number of unique addresses (see IPv6), the traditional IP address (IPv4) uses a 32-bit number that defines both the network and the host computer. The network class determines how many of the 32 bits are used for the network address, leaving the remaining bits for use as the host number (note the numbers of networks and hosts in the table below). The host number can be further divided between subnetworks and hosts
533325
In the TCP/IP protocol suite, data is exchanged in the form of packets. Because of the way TCP/IP performs routing, the path taken by packets can change dynamically throughout a session. This means that if Host A and B are communicating and Host A sends two packets, they could potentially take different paths to Host B, and could arrive out of order. Host B must therefore have a way to re-assemble the packets (containing the data in octets) in correct order. \n\nTCP/IP provides a way to do this using sequence numbers. Starting from an initial sequence number (ISN) that each host provides as part of the session setup, each octet is assigned a sequence number that is one larger than that of its predecessor. For example, if Host B provides 123 as the initial sequence number for its session with Host A, Host A's first octet is numbered 123, the second is numbered 124, the third is numbered 125, etc. \n\nIf someone attempts to launch an attack against another computer and the attacker can predict how a host selects ISNs, it's possible to conduct two types of attacks, known as IP address spoofing and session hijacking. The more random the ISNs are, the more difficult it is to carry out these attacks. \n\nFor related information on this problem, please visit the following Microsoft Web site: \nhttp://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/MS99-046.asp (http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/MS99-046.asp)\nFor additional security-related information about Microsoft products, please visit the following Microsoft Web site: \nhttp://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/
20492
I think your are referring to static IP addressing vs dynamic IP addressing. With static addressing you desginate a static route in the router to its destination.  This route is always followed and saves time by not having the router search for a destination route.  This is good for a closed private network where the destination is always the same.\nIn dynamic routing the router is permitted to search for the best route to a destination.  Be aware if a route is down in static routing the connection will continue to fail until the static route becomes available.
791628
IPv4 routers are not built to understand 128 bit hexidecimal IP addresses, so when a IPv6 packet tries to go through, an extra step needs to happen.  An IPv4 packet is created to encapsulate the IPv6 packet.  The word tunneling is misleading, and encapsulation does not explain it either- the IPv4 packet does work like sort of like link layer protocol- instead of being a network device announcing what it is and what it can do, it announces the arrival of a IPv6 packet, and where it is going.
1060345
It's damn simple. Just opt for "Full-Headers" rather than "Brief-Headers". Originating IP address will be disclosed to you automatically.\n\nRegards\n(Siddharth Razdan)
175392
Your ISP could have changed their DNS server addresses.  Roadrunner did this to me recently.  I had to A) find their new DNS ip address, B) go into my network properties and update the DNS value.