In Rutherford's experiment scattering alpha particles from gold foil?
828472
A is the answer.\n\nOnly a few of the alpha particles went close enough to a nucleus to have their trajectory much altered by the elctrostatic repulsion of the nucleus of the gold atoms.
806668
I'm not sure in what context these terms are being used for the situation you are trying to understand.\n\nPhysicists often use collimated beams of neutral or charged particles to study the reaction or interaction of those particles with other particles.  A common experiment involves two beams of particles that are set up to cross each other, and the zone of overlap forms an "interaction region" in which the interactions between the particles in the two beams can be studied.  If the particles interact in either chemical or nuclear reactions, those reactions would be called "beam-beam reactions".\n\n"Beam-background reactions" are reactions between the particles in the beam and particles that are present in "the background", rather than particles in the other beam.  The background might be residual gas molecules in a high-vacuum chamber, or particles in a plasma for a beam-beam fusion experiment.  Basically, they are the "noise" in the experiment that must be accounted for because they are not usually the source of the signal one is trying to measure.
211805
i know this i learned this in chemistry last year. it was because in his gold foil experiment the light beam that he used to shine through the foil would have some of the ions in the light pass through, wait i got lost just go to ask.com
659992
Alpha rays are helium nuclei (particles). Very heavy and highly charged. They are shielded by even a piece of paper.\n\nBetas are electrons (again particles). Less massive than alpha and a little more penetrating. Multiple layers of outer skin will stop these.\n\nGammas are packets of energy (radiation not particles). They can range greatly in energy and have no charge, so they are the most penetrating. That is why they are considered a whole body radiation dose. (think x-rays)
50619
well, a couple i can think of:\n\n- NMR (which, from looking at your gyromagnetic ratio question, i suspect is your thing, so i wont explain it)\n- hyperfine structure of spectral lines (comes from the coupling of nuclear to electronic spins)\n- you can also stick 'em in the path of a highly accelerated particle beam and measure the scattering as a function of azimuthal angle.  when i worked at SLAC we ran an experiment that did just this.\n\nthat's all i can come up with off the top of my head!
151737
some radioactive form of light can penetrate,e.g. X-rays
977864
The cloud chamber, also known as the Wilson chamber, is used for detecting particles of ionizing radiation. \n\nclick here:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_chamber
469212
See if this helps.\n\nhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/atomic/hund.html
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Cool.\n\nUse the FOIL method. First, outside, inside, and last.
720617
a very small piece of styrofoam in the middle represents the nucleaus. it should consist of one proton and a different colored neutron. then, have a lot of space then put in a cirle around the center one styrofoam ball representing an electron.
591034
Rutherford proposed a solar system model of the atom, with a dense positively charged nucleus and electrons orbiting around it. This model could explain the alpha particle scattering experiment with thin gold foil. However, there were two problems with this model:\n1) it could not explain spectra\n2) classical physics predicted that such an atom should run down: as the electrons revolved around the nucleus, they should spiral in to the nucleus, with the atom radiating all wavelengths of light.\n\nBohr's model overcame both of these problems by hypothesising that electrons could only occupy particular stable orbits. Spectra could be explained as the transition of an electron from one stable orbit to another. In other words, a quantum approach.
642246
In certain Nuclear reactions involving smaller nuclei from hydrogen to Iron, alpha particles will be released. These alpha particles are basically Helium nuclei. When these Helium nuclei are passed through an electron beam, they get converted to pure Helium gas.
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Alpha radiation-ejected nucleus-heavy very short range\nBeta-ejected electrons- lighter short range\nGamma-electromagnetic-very long range\nShockwave-a wave of sonic energy generated by the expanding detonation\nwind-from the detonation\nwind-from the suction of the rising hot gases\nFallout-radioactive materials that were thrown high into the atmosphere and are returning to earth.\n\nPhysics- in a fission device a uranium 235 core is compressed to a critical mass by explosives around it then proton are fired into the core. Some of the nuclei fall apart and release 2 high energy neutrons which collide with other nuclei causing a chain reaction that grows at an exponential rate (2^2).\n\nin a fusion device the fision reaction is used to compress a hydrogen pellet until the hydrogen atoms fuse into helium atoms. 2 hydrogen atoms become neutrons while 2 remain as electron proton pairs. The 2 that fuse into neutrons give up the energy of the orbiting electron.
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before rutherford, the atom was considered to be a homogenous object - kind of blobby and with its mass evenly spread out in space.  the current model of the atom with the mass concentrated in the nucleus at the center was rutherford's creation.  furthermore, rutherford didn't merely theorize the existence of the nucleus, he experimentally verified it.  \n\n(actually there is kind of a neat story to this - rutherford had been forced to take on an undergraduate student, named ernst marsden.  rutherford was investigating the way a thin foil of gold could make a beam of alpha particles spread out and become diffuse.  \n\ndealing with the undergrad was kind of a hassle, so rutherford got him out of his hair by giving him a task to keep the student busy - looking for particles reflected backwards from the foil.  \n\nhe didn't expect marsden to find anything, but was certainly surprised when the young student did, and this discovery of back-scattered radiation was some of the first (and still, damned good) evidence for the existence of the nucleus.)\n\nhe also generated the modern theory of radioactivity, was the first person to cause (by artificial means) a nuclear reaction, experimentally verified the age of the earth, invented a radiation-sensing device that was the precursor to the geiger counter, and even discovered the phenomenon that modern smoke detectors use in their normal operation.  all in all, he was a giant in the annals of physics.
399555
Alpha particles are basically Helium atoms, so they are the easiest to stop. Air itself is enough to stop Alhpa particles from moving, or a piece of paper.\n\nBeta particles are negative charges ejected from the nucleus itself (a neutron becoming a proton), and is harder to stop (a piece of aluminium about half an inch will stop it). \n\nGamma particles are waves (I think) which can only be stopped by a thick slab of concrete, or a piece of lead. \n\nYour skin will NOT be able to stop them, but it will be burnt by all 3 types of radiation.
1187864
atomic-absorption spectrometer
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Most of the naturally occuring stuff comes from unstable atoms.  When the balance between protrons and neutrons is out of whack, the atom will fly apart.  Depending on the atom, it will break apart in one of 3 ways, it will emit an electron (beta decay), part of the nucleus (alpha) or throw off an electromagnetic wave (gamma). \nGamma also commonly comes from high energy particle hitting the atmosphere and shattering atoms.  The interaction releases a shower of other particles some of which release gamma.  It's nothing to worry about as we evolved under these conditions and our bodies are build to handle it.