which reaction results in the spliting of ATP molecules?
819007
go to this website   http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/cellrespiration/glycolysis/summary.html
909638
ATP is not made up of cells.  ATP (Adenosine triphosphate\n) is basically the power source of cells.  Cells convert ATP to ADP to get the energy necessary to conduct cell functions.  Photosynthesis reverses the processes (turns ADP to ATP)
210253
Fermentation yields 2 molecules of ATP. Before fermentation can take place another process: glycolysis happen; the 2 molecules of ATP are actually produced during glycolysis and are carried on through fermentation.\nThere are two types of fermentation: alcoholic fermentation in plants producing alcohol and lactic aacid fermentation in animals including humans, producing lactic acid. We go into lactic acid fermentation when we over exercise or exercise strenuously. It happens because of a lack of oxygen making the production of ATP needed for normal muscular contraction impossible. Lactic acid produces the feeling of muscle soreness.
700373
how would they be uncoupled? \n\nUnless you are trying to say that one of them isn't functioning. Perhaps ATPase is inhibited or something.\n \nif so, then the most immediate would be a build up of the proton concentration in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Physiological impact of that... i'm not too sure.\ni suppose NAD and FAD will be recycled initially cos ETC is still functioning, but obviously ADP is not being phosphorylated to form ATP. Deficiency of ATP = detrimental effects.\n\nif the ETC is disrupted (cytochrome inhibition by cyanide?), perhaps anaerobic respiration will kick in for a while? considering tt the aerobic route is faulty, there will be an increased dependency on glycolysis and the pyruvate/lactate route. but a net gain of 2 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule isn't very beneficial.
742243
Dont you mean how a molecule of glucose releases energy in a cell....any which way you look at it...refer to Kreb's Cycle in your Biology textbook!
281770
Cells get most of their energy when they break down a glucose molecule in the mitochondrion. This results in the end production of 36 ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
734283
There are multiple methods of ATP generation.\n\nGlycolisis in which carbohydrates are converted to pyruvate and generate a small amount of ATP.\n\nAerobic respiration, which starts with the pyrvuate, uses oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor and generates large amounts of ATP.\n\nAnerobic respiratin WHICH IS NOT FERMENTATION I SAY THIS IN ALL CAPS BECAUSE PEOPLE FREQUENTLY SAY THAT IT IS.  Anaerobic respiration uses the pyruvate as the initial energy source, and instead of oxygen uses alternative terminal electron acceptors such as DMSO or Nitrate or a number of other things.  Anaerobic respiration generates less energy than aerobic respiration generates.\n\nFermentation starts with carbohydrates and ends with the production of various acids and solvents (lactic acid, ethanol, butyric acid, acetic acid, butanol, acetone etc).   Fermentation produces ATP, but less than respiration does.
920258
The cells takes up glucose that you eat.  Glucose enters Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle.  These are both reactions that convert glucose to ATP.  ATP has three phosphate bonds.  Bonds hold atoms together and they require energy.  Our bodies then break the third phosphate bond (it holds the most energy).  When this energy is released from the bond, we can use it for energy.
1166624
False. One glucose enters glycolysis. That glucose is then converted to 2 pyruvate which then go onto become Acetyl CoA to enter the Kreb cycle. The Kreb cycle then spins twice creating CO2, 2-ATP, and 6-NADH & 2 FADH. These protons are then sent to the electron transport chain to produce ATP.
1025308
When you say activation energy I presume you're talking about the 2 ATP used? Those 2 ATP are part of the first step of aerobic respiration, glycolysis.\n\nIn glycolysis, we start with a molecule of glucose, C6H12O6\n1) 2 ATP are used\n2) 2 NADH are produced\n3) 4 ATP are produced\n4) 2 pyruvate are formed
969121
Complete oxidation of a glucose molecule produces 38 ATPs but 2 ATPs are used early in the cycle, so there is a net yield of 36 ATPs.
735699
Oxidative phosphorylation is the terminal process of cellular respiration in eukaryotes. During oxidative phosphorylation electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 — created in glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism and the Krebs cycle — to molecular oxygen, via a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space as a result of this flow of electrons. This generates a pH gradient and a transmembrane electrical potential across the membrane. This is a form of potential energy which is referred to as a proton-motive force. The protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix via a large protein complex, ATP synthase. This is how most of the ATP is created in a eukaryotic cell. This is the reaction that ATP synthase catalyses:\n\n\n\n\nADP3- + H+ + Pi ↔ ATP4- + H2O \n\nThe synthase functions almost as a mechanical motor, with each NADH molecule contributing enough proton motive force to generate 2.5 ATP. Each FADH2 molecule is worth 1.5 ATP. All together, the 10 NADH and 2 FADH2 molecules contributed through oxidation of glucose (glycolysis, conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, and the Krebs cycle) account for 23 of the 30 total ATP energy carrier molecules. It is worth noting that these ATP values are maximum values and in reality protons leak across the membrane causing somewhat lower values.\n\nPhotophosphorylation, which occurs when plants synthesize glucose during photosynthesis, also uses ATP synthase and a proton gradient to generate ATP. The process occurs across the thylakoid membrane when chlorophyll is energized by light and donates an excited electron to an electron transport chain.\n\nContents [hide]\n1 Inhibitors \n2 See also \n3 External links \n4 References \n \n\n\n[edit] Inhibitors\nThere are a few well-known toxins that affect the process of oxidative phosphorylation and can lead to breakdown of the chain:\n\nCyanide interrupts the electron transport chain in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion because it binds more strongly than oxygen to the Fe3+ (ferric iron ion) in cytochrome a3, preventing this cytochrome from combining electrons with oxygen. \nOligomycin functions by inhibiting the ATP synthase protein and preventing it from generating ATP from the proton gradient. \nCCCP (m-chloro-carbonylcyanide-phenylhydrazine) destroys the proton gradient by allowing the protons to flow out of the membrane. Without the gradient, the ATP synthase cannot function and ATP synthesis breaks down. \nA detergent, or substance that destroys cellular membranes by breaking apart their lipid bilayers, will destroy the membrane used in the process and prevent a proton gradient. \nRotenone prevents the transfer of electrons from Fe-S centers in Complex I (most notably) to ubiquinone. The electrons entering into Complex I are those derived from NADH, and provide the bulk of the reducing potential to the electron transport chain. \nFor each of these toxins, a backup will cause everything before it to break down as well. For example, if oligomycin is added, protons cannot pass through. As a result, the H+ pumps are unable to pass protons through because the gradient becomes too strong for them to overcome. NADH and FADH2 are then not oxidized and the citric acid cycle ceases to operate because there are no NAD+ and FAD coenzymes to be reduced.
947021
H+ ions are pumped into the intermembrane space in the mitochondria to set up a concentration gradient - they will leak down through ATPase (the transfer of 3 H+ allows the formation of one ATP molecule from ADP and Pi).  The process is called chemiosmosis.\n\nThe hydrogen ions come from reduced FAD and reduced NAD, produced in the Krebs cycle.  Losing the hydrogen means that they can return to accept more hydrogen inthe Krebs cycle, and the entire thing starts again.  Try http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/mitochondria/mitoverview.html
277111
From respiration: Here, glucose molecules in the cell are broken down; the molecules have strong bond between them and so when they are broken, energy is provided(by mitochondria) and when new molecules are formed, energy is released, which the cell uses for various processes.\n\nFrom protein synthesis: It occurs on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, and aminoacids are combined to form proteins and this releases energy.\n\nFrom ATP(adenosine tri-phosphate): The ATP molecule is a packet of energy which stores the energy released during any process going on in the cell and then releases the energy as and when required by the cell.
1175145
photophosphorylation, the light reactions, where the sunlight is exciting all the electrons. it's literally the electron transport chain plus some other stuff. electrons travel down a chain of proteins, releasing energy and creating ATP from ADP. however, in photosynthesis the electrons can go through it multiple times b/c they may be renergized by sunlight at the end. the electrons which aren't reenergized go on to the Calvin-Benson cycle. in respiration, at the end of the ETC electrons are used to form water.
969398
For one thing, mitochondria have a double membrane, so the reactions that take place within it are seperate from the cytoplasm and will not disrupt any of the cell's other activities (i.e., the mitochondria is slightly more acidic than the cytoplasm). \n\nFurthermore, the inner membrane is folded to yield a lot of surface area, thus allowing for more reactions to take place.\n\nYou could also talk about how the intermembrane space (the space between the inner and outermembranes) allows for an electrochemical gradient to be built up during the process of electron transport.
846611
it`s very long. I`ll give u a simple explanation!\n\nfirst; glycolisis.\nthe suger is broken into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid\n\nsecond;\nthe pyruvic acid is changed into acethyl co-A\n\nthird; the krebs cycle\nthe acethyl co-A is reacted with oxaloacetate acids, and during the cycle CO2 is released, and those compound returned back in oxaloacetat acids\n\nfourth; electron chain systems