Does anyone know about the early Islamic Empires achivements?
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Rise of the Great Islamic Empires :\nThe Ottoman Empire \nThe Safavid Empire \nThe Mughal Empire\nhttp://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/\n\nOttoman Empire:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire\n\nThe Mughal Empire:\nhttp://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Mughals/mughals.html\n\nSafavid Empire 1502-1736:\nhttp://www.iranchamber.com/history/safavids/safavids.php\n\nFurther links:\n\nTimeline of Islamic History:\nhttp://faculty.ucr.edu/~andrew/western/islamic_history.htm\n\nIslam: Empire of Faith:\nhttp://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/index.html\n\nMuslim history:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_history\n\nGood Luck\nHave a nice day\n:)
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Your observation is correct and you have a point of logic there. However, the Ottoman Empire was, as you point out correctly, on the rise and not yet as powerful as it was two centuries later.\nSo it lacked the necessary logistics structure to support another Islamic state at the opposite end of the Mediterranean (which was controlled by the fllets of Christian countries). \nIt is also questionable if the Ottoman Turks had much sympathy for the Moros in Spain. Islam might look today like a unified and strong religion, but it is split into numerous groups and factions who don't like each other and see each other as rivals. (Much the same as it is within Judaism and Christianity.)
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Try , www.islamic-message.net . \nThis site , sends free books about islam for muslims and non muslims around the world , FREE!
515949
hello.. i guess you are not being specific about what you really need to address.. alternatively, u can visit www.islamicfinder.org to seek ur answers..
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Tammy, I would do my best to assist. I have some references (E-books) and a Translated version of Quraan. If you find that I would be helpful, just send me an E-mail to my yahoo identity.\n\nThanks
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If it's an essay then i recommend u these 2 sites they will help u alot to tell u about Prophet Mohammad and Prophet Jesus peace be upon them :)\nwww.islamtomorrow.com\nwww.prophetofislam.com\ntake care and good luck with ur essay ;)
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Try reading about it here. the western empire fell in 476AD, and the eastern fell in 1453
473138
Check it out http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asma_bint_Marwan
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Islam - A Historical Perspective   \nby Syed Abul Ala Maududi\n\nIslam began when man's career on earth began---more precisely at the time of man's creation and his descent. Allah created Adam and Eve and enjoined them to worship Him and live a life of obedience to the Divine Will.\n \n Allah is the Creator and Sustainer of the Universe and of human beings. Man must turn to Him for sustenance and guidance. The very word Islam means obedience to God. In this respect, Islam is man's natural religion---the only natural course is for man to look towards Him for guidance.\n \n The day Adam and Eve were sent down to live on earth, Allah told them that they were His servants and He was their Master and Creator. He told them and mankind that the best course was for them to follow His guidance, to obey His orders and to refrain from what He had forbidden. God said to them that He would be pleased if they obeyed Him and in turn He would reward them. If, however, they did not heed His commands, He would be displeased and would punish them. This was the simple beginning of Islam.\n \n Adam and Eve invited their children to follow the Islamic way of life. They and their children and their later generations followed the teachings of Islam as propounded by Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) for quite a long period of time. It was only later on that certain people began disobeying Allah. Some of them began worshipping other gods of their own making, some of them regarded themselves as gods, while a few others even declared their freedom to do as they pleased--defying God's orders. This is how kufr (disbelief) came into being. Its essence lies in refusal to worship God--pursuing the path of defiance to the Creator.\n \n When kufr (disbelief) began to increase and multiply it affected the life of society in a number of ways. Exploitation, oppression, viciousness and immorality emerged in different forms. Life became intolerable. Allah then appointed some righteous people to preach the Message of Truth among the wrongdoers, invite them to the Right Path and convert them to God-fearing people--worshipping and obeying God Alone. In short, they were asked to perform a mission--to make people righteous and true Muslims. These noble people entrusted with this great mission were called Prophets or Messengers of Allah. Allah sent these Prophets to different nations and countries. All of them were honest, truthful, and people of noble character. All of them preached the same religion--Islam. To mention a few names--Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus. All of them were the Prophets of God and thousands of them were, over the centuries, sent into the world to guide mankind.\n \n In the history of the last few thousand years, one can see the recurrent arrival of Prophets whenever kufr(disbelief) increased and assumed menacing proportions. The prophets tried to stop the tide of disbelief and invited people towards Islam. Some people adopted the Islamic way of life, but others rejected it. The people who followed the Prophets became Muslims and, after learning higher ethical and moral disciplines from them, began to preach and spread nobility and goodness. Having forgotten the teachings of Islam, later generations of Muslims themselves gradually sank into disbelief. Whenever such a situation arose, God sent a Prophet or Messenger to revive Islam. This continual arrival of Messengers of God continued for thousands of years. In the course of those long years, Islam was revived by those Prophets, who restated the Message forgotten by their people. At long last God sent the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) who revived Islam in such an outstanding fashion that it still exists today and will continue to exist (God willing), till eternity.\n \n The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was born in 571 C.E. in the now famous city of Arabia called Makkah. Islam had no following in Arabia at that time nor did it have any following anywhere else in the worl
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What evidence do you need? They've been murdering each other for as many centuries as the Islamic faith has existed. Islam was invented in the late 7th century.  Early in the 8th century it had already caused so much bloodshed and suffering, such a change in the tribal power structure that in Arabia a power-struggle began over who were the legitimate heirs of "the prophet", i.e. heirs of the power for rule and conquest that Islam supposed.  The majority of moslems are "ahl as-sunnah wa al-jumah" (people of the community); the shiah believe the imam must be descended from Ali by Muhammed's daughter, Fatima, a bit like saying the President should be a direct descendent of Jesus Christ (or Alexander the Great) since Jesus didn't go about murdering his enemies.
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I actually just bookmarked this page the other day:\nPast\n\n1. Splitting of the Moon.\n\n2. Death of the Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.\n\n3. A form of death which will kill thousands of Muslims. (Understood to refer to the plague of Amwas during the\ncaliphate of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab.)\n\n4. A major fighting in Madinah (understood to refer to the battle of al-Harrah during the caliphate of Yazid, 63 AH).\n\n5. The Muslim conquest of Jerusalem.\n\n6. The Muslim conquest of Constantinople.\n\n7. Two large groups of Muslims will fight in war.\n\n8. A war between the Muslims and a reddish people with small eyes, wearing sandals made of hair (understood to refer to\nthe Mongol Tatar invasion of the Islamic lands.)\n\n9. A peace agreement between the Muslims and non-Muslims from the yellow race (Chinese, Mongols, etc.)\n\n10. Thirty impostors (dajjal) will appear, each thinking he is a prophet.\n\n\nPresent?\n\n11. Naked, destitute, barefoot shepherds will compete in building tall buildings.\n\n12. The slave-woman will give birth to her master or mistress.\n\n13. A trial (fitnah) which will enter every Arab household.\n\n14. Knowledge will be taken away (by the death of people of knowledge), and ignorance will prevail.\n\n15. Wine (intoxicants, alcohol) will be drunk in great quantities.\n\n16. Illegal sexual intercourse will become widespread.\n\n17. Earthquakes will increase.\n\n18. Time will pass more quickly.\n\n19. Tribulations (fitan) will prevail.\n\n20. Bloodshed will increase.\n\n21. A man will pass by the grave of another and wish he was in the latter’s place.\n\n22. Trustworthiness will be lost, i.e. when authority is given to those who do not deserve it.\n\n23. People will gather for prayer, but will be unable to find an imam to lead them.\n\n\nFuture\n\n24. The number of men will decrease, whilst the number of women will increase, until for every man there are 50 women.\n\n25. The Euphrates will reveal a treasure of gold, and many will die fighting over it, each one hoping to be the one who gains\nthe treasure.\n\n26. The Romans (Europeans) will come to a place called A’maq or Wabiq, and an army of the best people will go forth from Madinah to face them.\n\n27. The Muslim conquest of Rome.\n\n28. The Mahdi (guided one) will appear, and be the Imam of the Muslims.\n\n29. Jesus Christ will descend in Damascus, and pray behind the Mahdi.\n\n30. Jesus will break the cross and kill the swine, i.e. destroy the false christianity.\n\n31. The Antichrist (al-masih al-dajjal, the false christ) will appear, with all his tools of deception, and be an immense trial. He will be followed by 70,000 Jews from Isfahan (present-day Iran).\n\n32. The appearance of Ya’juj and Ma’juj (Gog and Magog), and the associated tribulations.\n\n33. The emergence of the Beast from the Earth, carrying the Staff of Moses and the Seal of Solomon, who will speak to the people, telling them they did not believe with certainty in the Divine Signs.\n\n34. A major war between the Muslims (including Jews and Christians who truly believe in Jesus after his return) led by the Imam Mahdi, and the Jews plus other non-Muslims led by the Antichrist.\n\n35. Jesus will kill the Antichrist at the gate of Ludd (Lod in present-day Israel, site of an airport and a major Israeli military base).\n\n36. A time of great peace and serenity during and after the remaining lifetime of Jesus.\n\n37. Wealth will come so abundant that it will become difficult to find someone to accept charity.\n\n38. Arabia will become a land of gardens and rivers.\n\n39. Society will then decay.\n\n40. The buttocks of the women of the tribe of Daws will again sway in circumambulation (tawaf) around the idol Dhul-Khulsah.\n\n41. A great fire in the Hijaz, seen by the inhabitants of Busra.\n\n42. Three major armies will sink into the earth: one in the east, one in the west, one in Arabia.\n\n43. An Abyssinian leader with thin shins will destroy the Ka’bah.\n
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Starting from 10th century until Spanish reconquest in the second half of 15th century, Muslim city of Cordoba in Spain was the center of science and culture. If not Muslim knowledge and science Columbus would have never been able to cross the ocean.. Not many people talk about it today..\nRead more - I recommend "Infidels : A History of the Conflict Between Christendom and Islam" -- by Andrew Wheatcroft).\nOther scientific centers, with significant discoveries in the field of navigation, were by the time in Bagdad and of course in China.
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The start of the conflict dates back to the origin of the split of the sects in the 700's.  The succession of leadership of the Islamic community had been through selection by the high-ups from within, a limited election if you will.  The Shiites believed that the succession should be through the family of Muhammed, specifically through his nephew Ali.  Ali did eventually become the leader (the 4th after Muhammed).  He took over after the third (Umar) who was killed by Ali supporters.  The family of Umar took exception to the light punishment of the killers by Ali.  Their supporters assasinated Ali in turn, starting their own familial dynasty of leadership, the Ummayyad dynasty.\n\nAli supporters felt aggrieved and propped up other members of Muhammed's family as challengers to the leadership.  Hassan was one that was killed by the Ummayyads, making him one of a succession of  martyrs.  For centuries afterwards, Shiites (Ali supporters) were oppressed.  They did establish ther own dynasties later, in areas such as modern day Iran and North Africa, but have remained a minority.
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If you want a general overview : http://www.carm.org/islam/islamic_doctrine.htm\n\nIf you want some more details :\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam.\nYou can follow the links of five pillars and see more descriptions.\n\nYou will find lots of sources in wikipedia as well one this or on net..\n\nProphet Muhammad as a reformer\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad
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It started in Madinah during the Prophethood of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), when they established a communtiy based upon the revelation that was sent to him.\n\nAfter the Prophet, there were four successors, Abu Bakr, Omar, Ali, and Uthmaan (may Allah be pleased with them)\n\nAn example of the justice, and peace that was established by Islam in this era could be seen by anyone who travelled there. For example a Roman once travelled and looked for the Khilafah Omar (may Allah be pleased with him) and saw him lying asleep in a tent by himself with no gaurds. They realized that only someone who was ruling by justice could feel so safe within his own kingdom.\n\nLater on the state started deteriorating, and rose again with the ottoman empire.\n\nThe state completely fell with the fall of the ottoman empire, when the Islamic world was broken up into nationalistic states by Britain. This is what the present situation is today.\n\nFor more information on how things are run in an Islamic state, in general, based upon the history of Islam, I advise you to look into the book, Social Justice in Islam, by Sayyed Qutb (may Allah have mercy on him).
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Well first of all, answering-Islam.org is not exactly spot on about their Christian theology / history in places, so one should be careful about the Islamic theology / history that the site wrote themselves.  However, they do have a good collection of other people's works that are well vetted and scholarly.\n\nThey host The Original Sources of the Qur'an by W. St. Clair Tisdall which is a good book, if dated.\n\nAs a historian and a person with degrees in religion focusing on comparative religion, let me say this:  The Catholic/Orthodox Churches of Mohammed's time period considered Islam to be a Christian heresy and have enough sources and historical data to back this claim up.  (A Muslim might deny this, but it is a factual challenge to the origin of Islam and not an accusation without evidence)A good modern read before jumping into the historical primary sources would be to read the modern English historian Hilaire Belloc's "The Great Heresies" which you can read the pertinent chapter online here  \nhttp://www.ewtn.com/library/HOMELIBR/HERESY4.TXT\n\nI would also like to point out that Islam has since evolved and is its own religion by its own right and should not be considered a heresy of Christianity in its modern context.  Islam is no longer a synthesis of the beliefs of the 7th century Arabia but is its own contained theological systems that has moved far beyond its original sources.
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Before the advent of Islam, there was a small group of people, who called themselves the followers of "Deen-e-Haneef", which was basically a monotheistic creed, ascribing to the belief of "one God" and adhering to the monotheistic practices of the Abrahamic tradition (these practices included: Sala'h (prayer), Sawm (fasting), Hajj (pilgrimage), Tawaaf (circumambulation of the Ka`bah), Ai`tikaaf (confinement to the mosque for concentrated worship) etc.). The Prophet (pbuh), it is generally believed, ascribed to this group. However, there is hardly any authentic information available on this topic in the books of history. Nevertheless, it should be remembered that the Qur'an has clearly stated that before the initiation of revelation, the Prophet (pbuh) was not fully aware of the details of faith and belief and neither of the divine laws (Al-Shooraa 42: 52).\n\n\nEDIT: At least i gave my source..! I didn't want to summarize all that, sorry.