describe the pathophysiology of lung cancer caused by cigarette smoking?
828483
I'm not a doctor or have any professional or eductional teachings of cancer. But I found out last year from the D.A.R.E. program at my son's school is that each time you smoke a cigarette, the chemicals that are in the smoke are drawn into your lungs and they adhere to the vili in the bronchial tubes. This tar substance lines the tubes and weighs heavy on the vili, hairlike tissue that is used to clean the air that enters the lung. The tar substance ends up lining the tubes and narrows them, like cholestrol in arteries, making the tubes smaller and smaller. This makes it harder for the lungs to inhale air and the lungs stop absorbing the oxygen they need to properly oxygenate the blood cells. Your lungs have to work harder to inhale oxygen and your blood cells carry less oxygen to all  the other organs. Also the tar substance will eventually close of some tubes all together and will less oxygen in the lung itself, lung tissue cells die off and are never replaced. Parts of your lung die, parts can't work properly and other parts form cancer cells.\n\nThis is part of the information that my son brought home from D.A.R.E. 2 years ago and I stopped smoking after reading this. I don't know how my damage my lungs are in or if I will end up with cancer some day from the 13 years of smoking I did do, but I do notice that I breath better, I don't cough or wease anymore and I have more energy. My son saved me.
1153135
There was a very recent study that showed that marijuana use did not cause lung cancer as cigarette smoking did.\n\nThere are also studies showing that it reduces the pain of glaucoma and cancer, and because it increases appetite, it helps when cancer patients are going through chemo.
343262
No. Cancer is due to genetic changes (mutations) that develop in cells when they divide. Most of these changes get repaired at the cellular level but some are not. If the change makes the cell behave and grow abnormally then this is cancer. Lots of environmental factors increase the risk of mutations or genetic changes including toxins in cigarette smoke - this is why cigarettes cause cancer.
435611
stunt your breathing, slow oxygen to your heart and brain cause severe coughing and makes you stink let alone may very likely cause cancer in you or someone sucking your second hand smoke, smoking sucks the life right out of you.
1166019
Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis. Metastasis is defined as the stage in which cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Cancer may affect people at all ages, but risk increases with age. It is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries.\n\nThere are many types of cancer. Severity of symptoms depends on the site and character of the malignancy and whether there is metastasis. A definitive diagnosis usually requires the histologic examination of tissue by a pathologist. This tissue is obtained by biopsy or surgery. Most cancers can be treated and some cured, depending on the specific type, location, and stage. Once diagnosed, cancer is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As research develops, treatments are becoming more specific for the type of cancer pathology. Drugs that target specific cancers already exist for several cancers. If untreated, cancers may eventually cause illness and death, though this is not always the case.\n\nThe unregulated growth that characterizes cancer is caused by damage to DNA, resulting in mutations to genes that encode for proteins controlling cell division. Many mutation events may be required to transform a normal cell into a malignant cell. These mutations can be caused by chemicals or physical agents called carcinogens, by close exposure to radioactive materials, or by certain viruses that can insert their DNA into the human genome. Mutations occur spontaneously, or are passed down generations as a result of germ line mutations.\n\nMany forms of cancer are associated with exposure to environmental factors such as tobacco smoke, radiation, alcohol and certain viruses. While some of these can be avoided, there is no known way to entirely avoid the disease, and public health and vaccination programs are also important on a global scale.\n\n\nI hope you find what your looking for.\n\nGood Luck!\n\n=)
545368
How Smoking Affects Your Body\nThere's hardly a part of the human body that's not affected by the chemicals in the cigarettes you smoke. Let's take a tour of your body to look at how smoking affects it.\n\nStarting at the Top\n\nAs a smoker, you're at risk for cancer of the mouth. Tobacco smoke can also cause gum disease, tooth decay and bad breath. The teeth become unsightly and yellow. Smokers may experience frequent headaches. And lack of oxygen and narrowed blood vessels to the brain can lead to strokes.\n\nLungs and Bronchi\n\nMoving down to your chest, smoke passes through the bronchi, or breathing tubes. Hydrogen cyanide and other chemicals in the smoke attack the lining of the bronchi, inflaming them and causing that chronic smoker's cough. Because the bronchi are weakened, you're more likely to get bronchial infections. Mucus secretion in your lungs is impaired, also leading to chronic coughing. Smokers are 10 times as likely to get lung cancer and emphysema as nonsmokers.\n\nSmoking and the Heart\n\nThe effects of smoking on your heart are devastating. Nicotine raises blood pressure and makes the blood clot more easily. Carbon monoxide robs the blood of oxygen and leads to the development of cholesterol deposits on the artery walls. All of these effects add up to an increased risk of heart attack. In addition, the poor circulation resulting from cholesterol deposits can cause strokes, loss of circulation in fingers and toes and impotence.\n\nSmoking and the Body's Organs\n\nThe digestive system is also affected. The tars in smoke can trigger cancer of the esophagus and throat. Smoking causes increased stomach acid secretion, leading to heartburn and ulcers. Smokers have higher rates of deadly pancreatic cancer. Many of the carcinogens from cigarettes are excreted in the urine where their presence can cause bladder cancer, which is often fatal. High blood pressure from smoking can damage the kidneys.\n\nThe Results\n\nThe health effects of smoking have results we can measure. Forty percent of men who are heavy smokers will die before they reach retirement age, as compared to only 18 percent of nonsmokers. Women who smoke face an increased risk of cervical cancer, and pregnant women who smoke take a chance with the health of their unborn babies.\n\nBut the good news is that when you quit smoking your body begins to repair itself. Ten years after you quit, your body has repaired most of the damage smoking caused. Those who wait until cancer or emphysema has set in aren't so lucky—these conditions are usually fatal. It's one more reason to take the big step and quit now.
666169
Heart Disease and Stroke\nSmoking causes fatty deposits to build up in the blood vessels, leaving them narrow or blocked. This leads to heart disease or stroke. About 40% of deaths due to heart disease before the age of 65 are related to smoking. \n\nCancer\nCigarette smoke contains more than 50 cancer-causing substances. \nSmoking is the most common, preventable cause of lung cancer. Smokers are 22 times more likely to develop lung cancer. 90% of all lung cancer cases in Singaporean males occur among smokers\n\nThe longer one smokes, the greater the risk of developing cancers such as cervical and breast cancer, cancer of the mouth, throat, larynx, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, kidney and bladder. \n\nChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)\nSmoking narrows the airways and destroys the air sacs in the lungs. This makes breathing difficult. Smoking is the most common cause of COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. COPD is the 6th largest cause of death in Singapore.\n\nBone Loss and Osteoporosis\nOsteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to lose density and become brittle, leading to hip, spine and wrist fractures. \n\nWomen who smoke are 50% more likely to suffer from osteoporosis than non-smokers. \n\nRe-productive and Sexual Health\nSmoking increases the risk of infertility in both men and women.\n\n  Men  \n  • Smokers are 50% more likely to suffer from impotence or erectile dysfunction. \n  • Smoking reduces the volume of ejaculation, lowers sperm count, distorts sperm shape and impairs sperm mobility.  \n\n   Women \n  • Women who smoke may experience early menopause and more menopausal symptoms. \n  • Smoking may lead to decreased egg counts due to destruction of eggs in the ovaries before the eggs reach maturity.  \n\n   • Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and low birth weight. The smoke inhaled (either directly from a cigarette or from second-hand smoke) by a pregnant woman goes directly to her baby's lungs. It prevents as much as 25 % of oxygen from reaching the placenta.\n \n\n\nSecond-hand Smoke\nAbout 90% of the smoke from every cigarette ends up in the air as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). \n  ETS \n  • causes lung cancer in people who have never smoked before.  \n  • causes heart attack, especially among the spouses of smokers. ETS also increases the risk of repeated heart attacks if one has suffered from heart attack before. \n\n   • increases the risk of heart disease, lung disease, asthma, allergies, sinus problems, blood vessel disease or worsen the symptoms if one is already suffering from these.
161554
the kind that causes cancer
536805
Hmm you could start by looking to see if there is a relationship between vitamin use and cancer. Or even the tried and true cancer and smoking. IT really depends on what kind of data you have access to or if you are going to collect your own.
556440
Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to invade other tissues, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (in which cancer cells are transported through the blood or lymphatic system). Cancer may affect people at all ages, but risk increases with age. It is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries.\n\nThere are many types of cancer. Severity of symptoms depends on the site and character of the malignancy and whether there is metastasis. A definitive diagnosis usually requires the histologic examination of tissue by a pathologist. This tissue is obtained by biopsy or surgery. Most cancers can be treated and some cured, depending on the specific type, location, and stage. Once diagnosed, cancer is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As research develops, treatments are becoming more specific for the type of cancer pathology. Drugs that target specific cancers already exist for many cancers. If untreated, cancers may eventually cause illness and death, though this is not always the case.\n\nThe unregulated growth that characterizes cancer is caused by damage to DNA, resulting in mutations to genes that encode for proteins controlling cell division. Many mutation events may be required to transform a normal cell into a malignant cell. These mutations can be caused by chemicals or physical agents called carcinogens, by close exposure to radioactive materials, or by certain viruses that can insert their DNA into the human genome. Mutations occur spontaneously, or are passed down generations as a result of germ line mutations.\n\nMany forms of cancer are associated with exposure to environmental factors such as tobacco smoke, radiation, alcohol and certain viruses. While some of these can be avoided, there is no known way to entirely avoid the disease, and public health and vaccination programs are also important on a global scale.\n\nLeukemia or leukaemia (see spelling differences) is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal proliferation of blood cells, usually white blood cells (leukocytes). It is part of the broad group of diseases called hematological neoplasms.
307269
A cough is a symptom, not a disease. It can't cause lung cancer.
167333
Yes smoking cause cancer.
193255
Nicotine, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, polycyclic hydrocarbons, traces of tar, and harmful free radicals causing oxidation of cells.
90414
I knew all of the risks involved in smoking and started anyway because I simply just wanted to fit in.  Stupid I know, but I am proud to say that I quit smoking 2 years ago.  I also lost someone close to me to cancer.  It was my mother and she died of colon cancer.  She never smoked a day in her life.  Some people die from lung cancer and never smoke either.  Smoking is a highly addictive drug.  Even though people know what could happen to them, they just don't care anymore because the nicotine has control of them.  Its sad, but true.
177194
There is all sorts of conflicting data on this one, but here are a few sites with some info on studies:\n\nhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/141891.stm\nhttp://www.webmd.com/content/article/23/1728_57309\nhttp://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_2X_What_are_the_risk_factors_for_lung_cancer_26.asp\n\nI tend to lean toward the yes side, I just can't picture smoking being ok for the lungs, and the smoke does have carcinogens in it.
405326
Smoking at anytime effects your risk for lung cancer. But then again breathing nowadays does with all of the pollution and stuff in the air.
686938
causes cancer\ni guess