How does glycoprotein get synthesized that is destined for the plasma membrane?
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DNA goes to mRNA\n\nthe mRNA has a signal sequence on the 5' end which directs it to the Ribosome and indicates whether it will be inserted into the Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER) while it is being translated.  In this case it is inserted into the ER.  As it is inserted it is folded into it's 3-D conformation.  Pending on whether parts are inserted into the membrane of the ER or not it will be determined if this Plasma Membrane(PM) protein is secreted or is stuck to the membrane.  After this you get the addition of the "glyco" part of the protein through numerous transferases and other molecules inside the ER.  This only happens inside the ER, as to why the former steps were necessary.  Then the protein is transfered via a vesicle to the Golgi Apparatus where further post-translational modifications take place.  At this point the protein is ready to go to the plasma membrane as a glycoprotein.  The protein needs no signal to get there however as the pathway from the Golgi to the PM is the "default" pathway and any unmarked(so to say) vesicle will find it's way to the Plasma Membrane.  And that's that.
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towards the outside. glycoproteins generally play roles in recognition and signalling.
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cell walls give structure.
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All proteins start being manufactured by ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell. Sodium-potassium pump proteins will probably need to be slightly chemically modified before they are inserted into the plasma membrane, so they will contain a 15-30 amino acid long sequence at their N-terminus (in the middle of which will be a region of around 10 hydrophobic amino acids) which will target them for the endoplasmic reticulum. \n\nOnce these first signal sequence amino acids have been joined together by the ribosome, a protein called a signal recognition particle (SRP) binds to the recognition sequence on the half-synthesised protein. The SRP often halts protein synthesis. Once this has happened, the SRP-protein-ribosome complex docks onto an SRP-receptor (which also contains a ribosome receptor). The SRP then detaches from the protein, and so protein synthesis can resume. The ribosome receptor now acts as a translocation tunnel, allowing the extending protein to transverse the ER membrane. In the case of the sodium-potassium pump protein, the finished protein will emerge into the ER lumen and the pore of the tunnel will close. \n\nThe protein will leave the ER in a transport vesicle which bud off from the specialised ribosome-free regions of the ER situated adjacent to the Golga apparatus. From here they are delivered to the cis face of the Golgi and pass through the Golgi cisternae by repeated cycles of vesicle budding and fusion. \n\nFinally the protein will bud off from the trans cisternae in the golgi body and get directed to the plasma membrane, where it will get recognised and threaded through, forming a channel.\n\nIn summary: The protein is made by a ribosome, translocated to the ER, buds off in a vesicle to the golgi, and moved to the membrane.
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To the endoplasmatic reticulum where the proteins are synthesized with the information that MRNA brings.
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1. I guess You think about the nexuses. Its a metabolic and ionic connection of cells in form of ionic channels (built by proteins called conexones or conexone proteins).It provides rapid transport of membrane polarization changes. Its a form of electric synapses.\n2.I guess You think about the lysosomes. They're created by Golgi's Apart ('Trans" side).Lysosomic enzymes are created by Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and GA. Lysosomical endoenvironment's pH is about 5. Function- to connect with endosomes, phagosomes and autophagosomes and to catalyze and guide analysis reaction (some kinds of digestive reactions).
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All cells are semipermeable and depending on what passes into the cell, determines how the membrane responds to each substance. Glucose moves across the membrane, as do sodium and potassium.
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A protein and a carbohydrate...\n\nA glycoprotein is a macromolecule composed of a protein and a carbohydrate (an oligosaccharide). The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification. The addition of sugar chains can happen at either asparagine, and is termed N-glycosylation, or at hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline, serine, or threonine and is termed O-glycosylation. Possible carbohydrates include glucose, glucosamine, galactose, galactosamine, mannose, fucose, and sialic acid.
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1- Attachment\n2) Penetration\n3) Synthesis of new genome and proteins\n4) Assembly\n5) Maturation\n6) Release\nany doubt- email me or messenger.
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the electron transport chain occurs in the inner membrane.  the krebbs cycle occurs in the inner matrix and glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
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Some are transported from outside the cell.  Others are derived from the degradation of polypeptide - protein turnover.  Yet others are produced via biochemical synthetic pathways.  Depending on the condition of cells, these 3 sources will varies.
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to only allow certain types of proteins to go through it.  They go through the protein channels... aka glycoproteins\n\nhope this helps =)
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Protein synthesis is not the simplest process, but I will try to keep this answer as simple as possible.  Here I present a highly simplified reduction of the process of protein synthesis.\n\nmRNA made in the nucleus of a cell is transported to the cytoplasm of a cell.  When mRNA is in the cytoplasm the ribosome assembles around it.  The ribosome is composed of two subunits, a small ribosomal subunit and a large ribosomal subunit.  Each of the subunits is composed of rRNA and proteins.  The two ribosomal subunits will bind to the ribosome binding site (rbs) of the mRNA.  The rbs is located prior to the open reading frame of the ribosome. When the ribosome binds to the mRNA the ribosome begins to move down the mRNA.  \n\nDuring this time tRNA is binding to the mRNA as well.  tRNA simply carries the amino acid that will compose the protein to the mRNA so that the amino acids of the protein can become bound to one another.  \n\nSo as the ribosome moves down the mRNA it will encounter tRNA.  However, the tRNA's amino acids will not be bound together until the ribosome reads a mRNA sequeunce that indicates an open reading frame is present. An open reading frame is the sequence of mRNA that is translated into protein sequence.  So once an open readin frame is indicated to be present the ribosome moves down the mRNA until it reaches the start codon.  Protein synthesis begins at hte start codon.  At the start codon the tRNA specifying methionine is present.  Methionine will be the first amino acid in any protein because the methionine codon is also the start codon.  So the methionine tRNA will move into the A site.  At this site the ribosome will ensure that the correct tRNA is bound to mRNA.  If the correct tRNA is bound then the ribosome A site moves onto the next codon and the tRNA just found to be correct will move into the P-site, in this case the methionine tRNA will move into the P-site.  The tRNA that just moved into the A-site will now be checked to see if it is the correct tRNA.  When the tRNA is found to be correct then the amino acid on the tRNA in the p-site will form a peptide bond with the amino acid on the tRNA from the a-site. The amino acid chain is connected to the tRNA in the a-site as the amino acid that was connected to the p-site tRNA becomes disconnected as it forms a peptide bond with the a-site tRNA's amino acid. Then the ribosome moves down the mRNA again.  The tRNA from the p-site moves to the e-site and it is allowed to exit the ribosome.  The p-site and a-site perform the same function as before and the peptide chain will get longer until the ribosome reaches a stop codon.  Once the ribosome reaches a stop codon the peptide chain will no longer increase in size.  The ribosome will then move until it finds another start codon or until the mRNA sequence indicates that it should dissociate.
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Protein synthesis implies the production of protein inside the cell. To take it simple the order for the protein is placed on the need of the cell to which the nucleus responds by making a rough draft of its orginal recipe(DNA code) into a temporary dispensible code (mRNA) which is decoded by the cook(Ribosomes) to produce the protein.
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Production of protein will require gene transcription at the chromosomal DNA level.  The resulted mRNA of insulin is transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and is used as template for protein translation at the ribosomes.  In the case of insulin, the protein translated is a proprotein - a precursor form of insulin.  To get mature insulin, a digestion process is needed to convert the proinsulin to insulin.
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The binding of insulin to cell surface receptors initiates an increase in Glucose Transporter (GLUT) Proteins.\nGLUT Proteins are transmembrane molecules.\nGlucose moves into the cell - facilitated diffusion.\n\nLook here:
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in the cytosplam during glycosis\nin the mitochondrial matrix(cytoplasm) in the citiric acid cycle, kreb cycle, or TCA.