What is the monomer that makes the polymer RNA?
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triplet codons of nucleic bases - adenine, uracil, guanine and cytosine. these form amino acids
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Messenger RNA (mRNA)\nMessenger RNA is RNA that carries information from DNA to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell. Once mRNA has been transcribed from DNA, it is exported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm (in eukaryotes mRNA is "processed" before being exported), where it is bound to ribosomes and translated into protein. After a certain amount of time the message degrades into its component nucleotides, usually with the assistance of RNases.\n\nTransfer RNA (tRNA)\nTransfer RNA is a small RNA chain of about 74-93 nucleotides that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation. It has sites for amino-acid attachment and an anticodon region for codon recognition that binds to a specific sequence on the messenger RNA chain through hydrogen bonding. It is a type of non-coding RNA.\n\nRibosomal RNA (rRNA)\nRibosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of the ribosomes, the protein synthetic factories in the cell. Eukaryotic ribosomes contain four different rRNA molecules: 18S, 5.8S, 28S, and 5S rRNA. Three of the rRNA molecules are synthesized in the nucleolus, and one is synthesized elsewhere. rRNA molecules are extremely abundant. They make up at least 80% of the RNA molecules found in a typical eukaryotic cell.
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Nucleic acids are acidic macromolecules found in the nucleus of a cell. They are DNA and RNA. The monomer of a nucleic acid is a nucleotide. It consists of a sugar (ribose for RNA or beoxyribose for DNA) a phosphate and a base. The four possible bases are (for DNA): Adenine, Guaniner, Cytosine, and Thymine. In RNA Thymine is replaced with Uracil, and the other 3 remain the same. Because there are four types of bases, there are four types of nucleotides.Since the phosphate and the sugar and constant, they are the backbone of a nucleotide. When nucleotides bond to form a long chain (a polynucleotide), the chain is a strand of DNA (which is double-stranded) or RNA (single-stranded). \nHope this helps ;-)
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Polymer is "poly"-"mer", which means "many units".\n\nThus a polymer is a molecule made from a bunch of smaller building block molecules.\n\nA fat is typically made of glycerol + 3 fatty acids.  Basically, it has 4 building blocks.  "4" isn't a big enough number to consider it to be many, especially compared to proteins.\n\nProteins are made of a set of ~20 different kinds amino acids in a long, specific sequence.  For example, one part of the hemoglobin protein has ~100's of amino acid units in it.  This puts the "many" in "poly".
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Total Yeast RNA is obtained by extracting a whole cell homgenate with phenol. The concentrated solution of phenol disrupts hydrogen bonding in the macromolecules causing denaturation of protein, The turbid suspension is centrifuged and two phases appear. The lower phenol phase contains DNA and the upper aqueous phase contains carbohydrates and RNA. Denatured protein which is present in both phases is removed by centrifugation. The RNA is intact with alcohol added. The product this obtained is free of DNA but usually contains or contaminated with polysaccharide. Further purification can be made by treating the preparation with amylase.
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I don't know exactly what are you asking for, but if you asked it two days ago anf anybody answers you I'm not the only person that don't know at all what we've to answer.\n\nI'm going to try, and it will be difficult to me because I'm from Barcelona and my english isn't very well at all.\n\nPolymerase does the works to incorporate ribonucleotides in the new RNA. The direction of the transciption is 5'->3' . Primase is the protein that begins the replication synthesing RNA primer, but in the transcription is different. RNA polymerase knows the beginnig of the transcription because of the promoter. In the DNA there is a promoter and when the RNA polymerase recognise the promoter (thanks of its sigma factor) it begins the transcription.\n\n1) formation of a closed-promoter complex.\n2) formation of a open-promoter complex.\n3) initiation of mRNA synthesis, almost always with a purine\n4) elongation of mRNA by about 8 more nucleotides\n5) release of sigma as polymerase proceeds down the template.\n\nThe polymerase ends the transcription when the rho factor recognise the ending of the transcription.\n\nIt is the answer of your question??\n\nsorry for my english!!
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Synthesis\nSynthesis of RNA is usually catalyzed by an enzyme, RNA polymerase, using DNA as a template. Initiation of synthesis begins with the binding of the enzyme to a promoter sequence in the DNA (usually found "upstream" of a gene). The DNA double helix is unwound by the helicase activity of the enzyme. The enzyme then progresses along the template strand in the 3’ -> 5’ direction, synthesizing a complementary RNA molecule with elongation occurring in the 5’ -> 3’ direction. The DNA sequence also dictates where termination of RNA synthesis will occur.
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A polymer is a collection of monomers. You could visualise a polymer (just by way of example), as a string of beads - one bead is a monomer, while the whole string of beads is the polymer
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proteins\ncarbohydrates\nfats\nnucleic acids like dna and rna\nare the major biomolecules.
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Cells make a DNA template from RNA (similar to DNA, but with a different sugar and one different nucleotide, and almost always single-stranded) called mRNA (messenger RNA).  This goes to a part of teh cytoplasm where a protein-builing machine called a ribosome matched every three nucleotides of the RNA with a distinct sort of molecule (tRNA, for Transfer) matches every three-nucleotide sequence with any of twenty different amino acids.  This process works to make a chain of amino acids, and this chain becomes a protein.  (there are a few exceptions to all of this, and some complicated additional steps, but that's generally the basis of how a protein comes about).  The chain of amino acids will fold into a certain, thermodynamically favorable conformation, and that shape will generally dictate its function.  Sometimes, more than one chain will work together to form a proteins.\n\nProteins do everything in the body.  Some are structural (like ropes or girders or bungee cords), some are like motors (like pumps, or like train cars that walk along tracks carrying material, or like growing fibers that push the cell membrane), some will act as messages to other cells, or to the cell nucleus to start building new proteins in response to a change in environment; some work to turn fats and sugars into an energy source (eg ATP), and some will sit in the membrane holding out long carbohydrate chains to help other cells recognize one cell from another.
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All RNA's ...well almost all...are made from a DNA template. r-RNA (found in ribosomes) have a very large piece of DNA dedicated to it. Many rRNA genes are found in tandem repeats. There is also a very large part of our genome dedicated to tRNA, since we need so many to make proteins. mRNA is the template for making proteins, and it is formed from a dna template. Even retroviruses can not replicate without first having their RNA genome converted to DNA. The exception is that many scientists think that RNA may have been the first genetic material, but was quickly replaced by DNA since DNA is much more stable than RNA.
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A ribozyme (from ribonucleic acid enzyme, also called RNA enzyme or catalytic RNA) is an RNA molecule that catalyzes a chemical reaction. Many natural ribozymes catalyze either their own cleavage or the cleavage of other RNAs, but they have also been found to catalyze the aminotransferase activity of the ribosome. Investigators studying the origin of life have produced ribozymes in the laboratory that are capable of catalyzing their own synthesis under very specific conditions.\n\nBefore the discovery of ribozymes, proteins were the only known biological catalysts. In 1967, Carl Woese, Francis Crick, and Leslie Orgel were the first to suggest that RNA could act as a catalyst based upon findings that it can form complex secondary structures[1]. The first ribozyme was discovered in the 1980s by Thomas R. Cech, who was studying RNA splicing in the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. This ribozyme was found in the intron of an RNA transcript and removed itself from the transcript. Ribozymes often have divalent metal ions such as Mg2+ as cofactors. In 1989, Thomas R. Cech and Sidney Altman won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for their "discovery of catalytic properties of RNA."[2]\n\nAlthough most ribozymes are quite rare in the cell, their roles are sometimes essential to life. For example, the functional part of the ribosome, the molecular machine that translates RNA into proteins, is fundamentally a ribozyme.\n\nRNA can also act as a hereditary molecule, which encouraged Walter Gilbert to propose that in the past, the cell used RNA as both the genetic material and the structural and catalytic molecule, rather than dividing these functions between DNA and protein as they are today. This hypothesis became known as the "RNA world hypothesis" of the origin of life.\n\nIf ribozymes were the first molecular machines used by early life, then today's remaining ribozymes -- such as the ribosome machinery -- could be considered living fossils of a life based primarily on nucleic acids.\n\nA recent test-tube study of prion folding suggests that an RNA may catalyze the pathological protein conformation in the manner of a chaperone enzyme[3].\n\nSome known ribozymes include RNase P, Group I and Group II introns, leadzyme, hairpin ribozyme, hammerhead ribozyme, hepatitis delta virus ribozyme, and tetrahymena ribozyme.
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1. ATP is the amount of energy that your body has, so it's basically your body's energy.\n\n2. Nucleotides are monomers for nucleic acids\n\n3. Examples: DNA, RNA, etc.\n\n4. Monomers of Carbs: sugars (monosaccharides, disaccharide, polysaccharide) note: saccharide=sugar\n\n5. Proteins are linked by a peptide bond.\n\nHope this helped you out.
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The monomer is more reactive and hazardous for two reasons.  First, the monomer will have multuple reactive isocyanate groups(2-4), thereby packing more poison per molecule than a polymer ever could.  Second, the lower molecular weight makes the monomer very fluid and volatile  while the polymer is a solid at room temperature.  So as a monomer, it has a flashpoint, gas concentration, and multiple ways to enter a person's system.
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nucleotides make up nucleic acids
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The uracil in the RNA helps in "wobbling" - Wobbles base pairing when mRNA and tRNA bind - protein synthesis
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Polymer is a generic term used to describe a very long molecule consisting of structural units and repeating units connected by covalent chemical bonds.  The key feature that distinguishes polymers from other molecules is the repetition of many identical, similar, or complementary molecular subunits in these chains. These subunits, the monomers, are small molecules of low to moderate molecular weight, and are linked to each other during a chemical reaction called polymerization.