Why would chloroplasts transmit more light (in a spectrometer) as they are exposed to more light for phtsynths
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The process of photosynthesis consists of two sets of chemical reactions called the light reaction and the dark reaction. The light reaction takes place in the grana.  The dark reaction takes place in the stroma.\n\nIn the light reaction, electrons in chlorophyll molecules are excited. In other words the energy photons is used to activate electrons. The energy in excited electrons is used to split water molecules: this is photolysis. Oxygen is produced as a waste product and hydrogen is used to reduce NADP+   to form NADPH. The process involves non-cyclic electron transfer producing both NADPH and ATP and cyclic electron transfer producing just ATP.\n\nThe dark reaction requires energy from both NADPH and ATP. In this part of photosynthesis carbon dioxide is fixed. Energy from NADPH and ATP is used to convert glucose (a six carbon molecule) into ribulose diphosphate (a five carbon sugar molecule). Ribulose diphosphate can combine with carbon dioxide eventually forming glucose
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Reduction in light and in some cases lower temps for some trees kill the chlorophyll.  This lets the other pigments(reds and yellows) show through that have always been there but were hidden by the abundant chlorophyll.
913059
The chloroplast -- it's called photosynthesis.
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Yes, guard cells are the only cells in the cell wall that conating chloroplasts. the reason for this been they help to control the opening and the closing of the stomata (the ope that allows gaseous exchange of CO2 and O2.\nDuring the day there is light so the plants can Photosynthesis as CO2 is used up during photosynthesis theCO2 levels in the guard cells falls. This causes water and  salts to be draged into the guard cells and the guard  cells swell up, thus opening the stomata pore .\nAt night CO2 levels are high as photosynthesis cant take place due tothe absence of light and the CO 2 levels rises so water and salt leave the guard cells and they shrink and thus close the stomata pore.
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Chlorophyll is a green photosynthetic pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Its name is derived from ancient Greek: chloros = green and phyllon = leaf. Chlorophyll absorbs most strongly in the blue and red but poorly in the green portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, hence the green color of chlorophyll-containing tissues like plant leaves.\n\nBesides chlorophyll a, there are other pigments, called accessory pigments, which occur in these pigment-protein antenna complexes. They include other forms of chlorohphyll, such as chlorophyll b in green algal and higher plant antennae, while other algae may contain chlorophyll c or d. In addition, there are many non-chlorophyll accessory pigments, such as carotenoids or phycobilins which also absorb light and transfer that light energy to the photosystem chlorophylls. Some of these accessory pigments, particularly the carotenoids, also serve to absorb and dissipate excess light energy, or work as antioxidants. The large, physically associated group of chlorophylls and other accesory pigments is sometimes referred to as a pigment bed, though this term is losing prominence with the advent of detailed knowledge of the structural organization of the photosystem and antenna complexes.\n\nThe function of the reaction center chlorophyll is to use the light energy absorbed by and transferred to it from the other chlorophylls in the photosystems to undergo a charge separation, a specific redox reaction in which the chlorophyll donates an electron into a series of molecular intermediates called an electron transport chain. The charged reaction center chlorophyll (P680+) is then reduced back to its ground state by accepting an electron. In Photosystem II, the electron which reduces P680+ ultimately comes from the oxidation of water into O2 and H+ through several intermediates. This reaction is how photosynthetic organisms like plants produce O2 gas, and is the source for practically all the O2 in Earth's atmosphere. Photosystem I typically works in series with Photosystem II, thus the P700+ of Photosystem I is usually reduced, via many intermediates in the thylacoid membrane, by electrons ultimately from Photosystem II. Electron transfer reactions in the thylacoid membranes are complex, however, and the source of electrons used to reduce P700+ can vary. The electron flow produced by the reaction center chlorohpylls is used to shuttle H+ ions across the thylacoid membrane, setting up a chemiosmotic potential mainly used to produce ATP chemical energy, and those electrons ultimately reduce NAD+ to NADPH a universal reductant used to reduce CO2 into sugars as well as for other biosynthetic reductions.
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Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy to chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of sugar. This process occurs in plants and some algae (Kingdom Protista). Plants need only light energy, CO2, and H2O to make sugar. The process of photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts, specifically using chlorophyll, the green pigment involved in photosynthesis. \n\n Photosynthesis takes place primarily in plant leaves, and little to none occurs in stems, etc. The parts of a typical leaf include the upper and lower epidermis, the mesophyll, the vascular bundle(s) (veins), and the stomates. The upper and lower epidermal cells do not have chloroplasts, thus photosynthesis does not occur there. They serve primarily as protection for the rest of the leaf. The stomates are holes which occur primarily in the lower epidermis and are for air exchange: they let CO2 in and O2 out. The vascular bundles or veins in a leaf are part of the plant's transportation system, moving water and nutrients around the plant as needed. The mesophyll cells have chloroplasts and this is where photosynthesis occurs.The parts of a chloroplast include the outer and inner membranes, intermembrane space, stroma, and thylakoids stacked in grana. The chlorophyll is built into the membranes of the thylakoids. \n\nChlorophyll looks green because it absorbs red and blue light, making these colors unavailable to be seen by our eyes. It is the green light which is NOT absorbed that finally reaches our eyes, making chlorophyll appear green. However, it is the energy from the red and blue light that are absorbed that is, thereby, able to be used to do photosynthesis. The green light we can see is not/cannot be absorbed by the plant, and thus cannot be used to do photosynthesis. \n\nThe overall chemical reaction involved in photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ light energy)  C6H12O6 + 6O2. This is the source of the O2 we breathe, and thus, a significant factor in the concerns about deforestation.\n\n  \n\n\nThere are two parts to photosynthesis: \n\nThe light reaction happens in the thylakoid membrane and converts light energy to chemical energy. This chemical reaction must, therefore, take place in the light. Chlorophyll and several other pigments such as beta-carotene are organized in clusters in the thylakoid membrane and are involved in the light reaction. Each of these differently-colored pigments can absorb a slightly different color of light and pass its energy to the central chlorphyll molecule to do photosynthesis. The central part of the chemical structure of a chlorophyll molecule is a porphyrin ring, which consists of several fused rings of carbon and nitrogen with a magnesium ion in the center. \n The energy harvested via the light reaction is stored by forming a chemical called ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a compound used by cells for energy storage. This chemical is made of the nucleotide adenine bonded to a ribose sugar, and that is bonded to three phosphate groups. This molecule is very similar to the building blocks for our DNA. \nThe dark reaction takes place in the stroma within the chloroplast, and converts CO2 to sugar. This reaction doesn't directly need light in order to occur, but it does need the products of the light reaction (ATP and another chemical called NADPH). The dark reaction involves a cycle called the Calvin cycle in which CO2 and energy from ATP are used to form sugar. Actually, notice that the first product of photosynthesis is a three-carbon compound called glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Almost immediately, two of these join to form a glucose molecule. \n\nMost plants put CO2 directly into the Calvin cycle. Thus the first stable organic compound formed is the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Since that molecule contains three carbon atoms, these plants are called C3 plants. For all plants, hot summer weather increases the amount of water that evaporates from the plant. Plants lessen the amount of water that evaporates
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There are two transitions in the energy levels of mercury that are close to each other in energy difference, therefore the wavelength of the light from these two transitions are very close. See also "fine structure".
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Isn't it that besides the fact that the chloropyll portraits the green pigment, they're also the ones which collect solar energy? So, basically, because they're the collectors of solar energy, why would they burn? there' nothing in it that would make it react since it is the storage of the light.
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The chloroplast cells absorb all other colors besides green. So green is reflected...
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one way is chlorophyll fluorimetry,a method of studying light absorption by photosynthetic pigments in marine algae.\nthis sight might help good luck.
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I'm always happy to help out a Van Halen fan! Anyway, photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy and fuel to grow, and also to manufacture proteins, the most important of which is chlorophyll, which gives plants their green color. They also convert this light into sugars anfd starches, which they need to grow. (The storing of these sugars, in fact, along with the slowing down of the photsynth, is what gives those autumn leaves their great colors.)  During the dark hours the plants are basically dormant, and thus no photosynth taking place, but they are still respirating, i.e. taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. They do this in light too, of couse, but at a faster rate. But just like we need our sleep, the plants need the dark also to rest and store their food, otherwise they would expend it all and thus dry out, which is why they get yellow (depleted chlorophyl) with too much sun.
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Why questions are often difficult to answer but you seem to have a very \nreasonable answer to explain your observation. To really confirm that the \nnongreen parts of your variegated leaves do not photosynthesize as much as the \ngreen parts, you would need to do one of the following:  \n\n1. Starch test the leaves to show that there is little or no starch in nongreen \nareas and lots of starch in green areas. This may not work on all leaves \nbecause some plants do not accumulate starch in their leaves but export \nphotosynthates as sucrose.\n\n2. Extract chlorophyll from green and nongreen areas to show the nongreen areas \nhave little or no chlorophyll while green areas have lots of chlorophyll. Just \nbecause a leaf is nongreen does not mean that there is not chlorophyll there. \nIn some nongreen leaves, other pigments such as carotenoids and anthocyanins, \nsimply mask the green chlorophyll.\n\n3. Measure photosynthesis in leaf disks cut from green and nongreen areas of \nthe leaf to show that photosynthesis occurs in green but not nongreen parts.
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light hits photosystem II in thylakoid membrane--> excites the electrons--> electrons move to carrier proteins-->electrons make it to photosystem I. but b/c electrons moved from photosysytem II to photosystem I there's an electron hole in photosystem II which is filled up by oxidizing water in the thylokoid space.\n\nhope it helps :) there's more than that but since u only asked photosystem II, i wont confuse u by giving other details.
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Chlorophyll only absorbs certain wavelengths of light and is in turn photoexcited -- it uses that light energy to bump an electron up the the primary electron acceptor of the photosystem.  It makes sense to have other pigments that absorb other wavelengths and pass on electrons for energy conversion for the simple reason of total utilization of light -- the more light you can absorb, the more efficiently you will make energy, and if Mother Nature loves anything, it's efficiency.
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Sunlight is necessary for plants to grow, and to provide energy to warm the earth's atmosphere. Light intensity controls plant growth. Light duration affects plant flowering and animal/insect habits.\n\nNow, during photosynthesis, sunlight energy is used to power chemical reactions that combine water with the air's carbon dioxide to form starchy carbohydrate. In other words, during photosynthesis, sunlight energy is stored in carbohydrate for later use. Here's the simplified chemical formula for photosynthesis:\n\n6CO2 + 12H2O + sunlight ---> 6O 2 + C6 H12O 6 + 6H2 O\nor...\ncarbon dioxide + water + sunlight ---> \noxygen + carbohydrate + water \n \n\nSome carbohydrate remains in the leaf but mostly it's transported elsewhere in the plant, perhaps into the stem, or maybe into special underground storage areas, such as the potato plant's potatoes.
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Photosystems (ancient Greek: phos = light and systema = assembly) are protein complexes involved in photosynthesis. They are made of several protein subunits, as well as hundreds of cofactors, and act as large complex. In the process of photosynthesis, light is absorbed by a photosystem to begin an energy-producing reaction. The photosytems are contained within the chloroplasts in the leaves of plants. Two types of photosystems exist: photosystem I (P700) and photosystem II (P680). Each photosystem is differentiated by the wavelength of light to which it is most reactive (700 and 680 nanometers, respectively), and the type of terminal electron acceptor. Type I photosystems use ferredoxin-like iron-sulfur cluster proteins as terminal electron acceptors, while type II photosystems ultimately shuffle electrons to a quinone terminal electron acceptor.\nStructure\n\nA photosystem is made up of a reaction center pigment of chlorophyll a and numerous antenna pigments and proteins. Because chlorophyll a can only absorb light of a narrow wavelength, it works with the antenna pigments to gain energy from a larger part of the spectrum. The pigments absorb light of various wavelengths and pass along their gained energy to the reaction center chlorophyll. When the energy reaches the chlorophyll a, it releases two electrons into an electron transport chain.\n\nThough chlorophyll a normally has an optimal absorption wavelength of 660 nanometers, it associates with different proteins in each type of photosytem to slightly shift its optimal wavelength, producing two distinct photosystem types. Other proteins serve to support the structure and electron pathways in the photosystem.\n\n Relationship between Photosystems I and II\n\nHistorically photosystem I was named one since it was discovered before photosystem II but this does not represent the order of the electron flow.\n\nWhen photosystem II absorbs light, electrons in the reaction-centre chlorophyll are excited to a higher energy level and are trapped by the primary electron acceptors. To replenish the deficit of electrons, electrons are extracted from water (either through photolysis or enzymatic means) and supplied to the chlorophyll.\n\nPhotoexcited electrons travel to photosystem I through an electron transport chain set in the thylakoid membrane. This energy fall is harnessed, (the whole process termed chemiosmosis), to transport H+ ions through the membrane to provide a proton-motive force to generate ATP. If electrons only pass through once, the process is termed noncyclic photophosphorylation.\n\nWhen the electron reaches photosystem I it fills the electron deficit of the reaction-centre chlorophyll of photosystem I. The deficit is due to photo-excitation of electrons which are again trapped in an electron acceptor molecule, this time that of photosystem I.\n\nThese electrons may either go through the aforementioned electron transport chain again in which case it is termed cyclic photophosphorylation. Otherwise the electrons pass down another electron transport chain which ends at an enzyme, NADP+ reductase. Electrons and hydrogen ions are added to NADP+ to form NADPH. This reducing agent is transported to the Calvin cycle to react with glycerate 3-phosphate, along with ATP to form glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, the basic building block from which plants can make a variety of substances.
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Well there is water, amount of carbon dioxide ( needed for light indepent stage of photosynthesis), light ofcourse and temperature ( enzymes are involved in photosynthesis and these operate at an optimum temp. 37 degree celcius)