what conditions are needed for microorganisms to grow?
825792
You have to be more specific.  Microorganisms grow in pretty much every condition on Earth, including hot and sulfurous ocean water by volcanic vents, in ice at the poles, in badly-preserved jars (botulism--anaerobic), inside the body, in ponds, in caves, in the dark, in the sunlight...it all depends on the specific type of microorganism.\n\nFor instance, sugar tends to kill bacteria, but mold loves sugar.  So a jar of jelly left in a fridge for a long time (cold, wet, sugary environment for the microorganisms) might not have bacteria, but it could have fuzzy mold on it.  It all depends.  \n\nBut from a food safety standpoint, you want food kept either below 40 degrees fahrenheit, or above 140 degrees, and keep it wrapped up and covered to avoid stuff dropping in it.  In general, microorganisms like: warm (not hot or cold), dark, moist, and somewhat neutral pH.  That'll grow mold, mildew, fungus, and many types of bacteria.  They usually don't like clean surfaces and they tend to die in chlorine bleach.
1144967
Try the Internet and a Microbiology book
114979
If you need a topic, how about microorganisms in food? You could discuss the incidence and types of bacteria, molds and yeasts found, what parameters affect their growth, procedures for their detection, how they cause spoilage in different food types, how food may be preserved by use of chemicals, radiation, low temperature, high temperature, or drying, the use of microorganisms to cause fermentation, or the types and hazards of food poisoning.\nThe text I have is old but still valid. I would think the easiest source for information besides the Web would be a university library. Hope this helps.\nNow that I think about it, a lot of companies do public service. If you ask the public relations department of one, say Hormel or Oscar Meyer, they may provide you with material you can use.
440247
'coz most of the microorganisms have MORE cytosine-guanine bond IN THEIR DNA OR RNA which is bounded by three hydrogen bonds as compared to adenine-thymine or adenine-uracil bonds,hence more temp. and energy is required to break the triple hydrogen bonds,hence they can tolerate EXTREMITIES OF TEMP.
628459
You're trying to design a medium?  Your question is mighty unclear.  \n\nAnyway, you include toxic compounds for many reasons, the main one is that if you have a particular bacterium engineered to to do a particular function, you design a co-effecting gene that permits the bacterium live in the presence of the toxic compund, and die if it loses the ability to survive in it.  This ensures that if the engineered genes are unstable, both genes are likely to fail, thus any defects or errors in the plasmid or inserted sequence that does your valuable work and allows it to survive in the toxic compounds will kill the bad batches.\n\npH indicators you insert for certain types of bacteria to determine the age (if acid or basic products are developed from the metabolism), resource availability (i.e. if the culture needs to be transferred to new media) and if what you have is contaminated or not (i.e. if you have a sample that's supposed to be always neutral or at a certain pH and suddenly your indicators start going bananas... not good.)\n\nAnd for the rest, you design differential/selective media for the single purpose of making sure your samples are pure and devoid of other species (eliminates the competition) and that if anything goes wrong, that it doesn't go wrong with your whole batch.  \n\nAlways flame your loops :)
525457
The major groups of microorganisms—namely bacteria, archaea, fungi (yeasts and molds), algae, protozoa, and viruses
451866
It depends whether you are talking about organisms that are single cells, or cells that exist in eukaryotic tissues.\n\nThe problem with finding the smallest cells is that they will undoubtedly turn out to be the smallest bacteria... these organisms are likely to exist only in places that are very difficult to reach, because extremely small size is in fact an adaptation to a (typically harsh) environment: reduction in size maximises surface area in proportion to volume.  When life gets very tough, having a maximal surface area is important, because in general, important life processes occur through cell walls and surface membranes.\n\nSome hyperthermophilic archaea (archae-bacteria that colonise hot volcanic and deep subterranean environments) are rod-shaped organisms 0.17 microns in diameter (genus Thermofilium), disk-shaped organisms 0.2-0.3 microns in diameter, 0.08-0.1 thick (genera Thermodiscus & Pyrodictium).\n\nCells in the human body are typically 5-20 microns thick.  I think Bacteria_Boy could be right about the nerve cell.\n\nIndividuals of the genus Acetabularia, a protist (single-celled) marine green alga, are composed of clearly differentiated parts (eg: foot, stalk, head), but grow up to about 5 cm in height.  These are the largest single-celled organisms that I know of.
902971
I'm not sure exactly what you are asking, but I'm assuming you want to know how microbiology is similar to stem cell cultivation.\n\nMicrobiologists use media (agar) that has different types of nutrients embedded into it that promote the growth of the organism they want to isolate.  These plates are placed into incubators that also promote the growth of the organism they are trying to isolate.  Sterile technique is used throughout the process to ensure that the media and specimen is not contaminated.  Colonies with desired characteristics are selected and replated on media several times until only the desired organism is isolated.  It is then tested to determine its species and subspecies before resulting the test and making recommendations.\n\nTissue cultures are cells that have also been plated on media that promote the growth of the desired tissue.  In this case, heart valves.  The innoculated media is then placed into incubators.  Desired tissue is tested and placed on new media in order to create a pure tissue source.  Once the desired tissue is grown, it is tested for the presence of the desired antigens, etc.
62951
Many archaea colonize extreme environments.\nThey include hyperthermophiles, sulfur-metabolizing thermo-\nphiles, extreme halophiles and methanogens. Because extrem-\nophilic microorganisms have unusual properties, they are a\npotentially valuable resource in the development of novel bio-\ntechnological processes. Despite extensive research, however,\nthere are few existing industrial applications of either archaeal\nbiomass or archaeal enzymes. \nCultivation methods, recent achievements in genomics, which are of key importance for the devel-\nopment of new biotechnological tools, and the application of\nwild-type biomasses, engineered microorganisms, enzymes\nand specific metabolites in particular bioprocesses of indus-\ntrial interest.\n\nA major limitation to the industrial application of archaeal en-\nzymes and metabolites is the low productivity of the fermenta-\ntion processes as a result of low growth rates and low biomass\nyields. To overcome these limitations, attention has been fo-\ncused on studying the physiology of archaea of biotechnological \ninterest and on designing bioreactors and bioprocesses that\nincrease productivity. Because of the unconventional environ-\nmental conditions needed for the cultivation of extremophiles,\ncontamination problems are minimal. Therefore, a continuous\nculture approach has been widely adopted.\n\nhttp://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:ZMgRQbu0KPEJ:www.biotechinstitute.org/resources/pdf/yw14_2.pdf+applications+of+archaea+in+biotech&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=3&client=firefox-a  for more info
539819
There is lots of factors limiting where worms can live.  For example: food availability, water availability, oxygen availability, compaction, temperature (frozen soil or boiling hot soil), etc
929403
Hint - \n\nBiotic factors = living things, eg animals & plants\n\nAbiotic factors = non living things, like climate\n\nPick an ecosystem - like a forrest, or a lake, and a examine the climate and how it affects the system.\n\n(How heat controls the vegitiation growth in a desert, how the animals live in that environment)
409748
Too cold they do not grow and might die depending on what type. Start increasing temp. and growth speed will increase also up to an optimum growth temp. then start decreasing again and at a certain temp. will start dying again (depending bacteria kind). The optimum grow temp. also varies between 20 and 90 deg. cent.
1151536
The study of microorganisms, which includes viruses, bacteria, certain fungi, and protists (like paramecia and algae).
41036
Bacteria have very short life cycles so adapt very quickly and many species do live in the artic. Like any process in coll temperatures the activity is decreases due to a decrease in kinetic energy, so activity is low.
183223
Small microorganisms (bacteria or protists) that are unable to survive outside a host cell. This may be due to their cellular membranes/walls that are very permeable and do not allow them to maintain homeostasis (internal balance). Sometimes they require substances that they cannot produce themselves and must obtain from the host's metabolism.\nExamples: Legionella pneumophila (bacteria causing pneumonia)\nMycobacterium leprae (the bacteria causing leprosy)\nPlasmodium (protist that causes malaria)
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Organisms will grow at their optimal rate if all conditions are favorable. Bacteria, such as E. coli, will divide about every twenty minutes, doubling the population with each division. The lag phase is when they are adapting to their environment and not yet dividing at their optimal rate. On the curve, the line is nearly flat, with a slight upward angle. When they are rapidly dividing, they are in the exponential or log phase, when the curve is nearly vertical. As they use up nutrients in their environment, such as a broth culture, and release their waste products, their divisions will decrease until the rate of increase is about equal to the rate of death, so the curve levels off to nearly a flat line. As the population dies off, the curve declines again -- the death phase. Microbiologists are interested in organisms in the exponential or log phase, when they are in best health. At that time, they can be tested biochemically for accurate identification and against antibiotics to see which ones might work best in a patient with an infection with that particular organism.\n\nFor your calculation, you set up a ratio:\n\n1mm    divided by 9.9 equals\nX divided by 4.1\n\nThen cross multiply to solve for X, using algebra.\n\n9.9 X = 4.1\n\nSolve for X by dividing 4.1 by 9.9 and that's your answer in mm.
290177
Such a thing does occur among small animals such as planaria. The exchange of gases and therefore the exertion and movement such animals can perform is very limited. Microbes do not have a real respiratory system nor a circulatory systems in the terms we consider customary. It does limit the range and degree of motion. Gas exchange and work is severely limited. I see no advantages unless one wishes to become a planarian.