what is thin film plating?
829650
Thin film is known as PVD. (Phycial vapor deposition) Pure melal is turned into a vapor using high temperatures such as an electron beam or high current resistance source in a high vaccum chamber. Most common use for is mircochips, glass, Chome plated items.
130037
Anodized metal is metal coated with another metal.  Teflon coating is different, as teflon is not a metal.  So, you can have teflon-coated pans without anodizing, or anodized pots without teflon, or both (or neither, like Emeril-Ware).
644077
The voltage at which the attractive forces between the capacitor plates overpowers the fasteners.\n\nTake a look\n\nwww.math.ubc.ca/~ward/papers_ps/memspap.pdf
170896
You dip the metal you want plated into a solution containing ions of the metal you want to plate with, such as chromium (chrome).  The dipped metal is attached to an electrical current, which induces a redox reaction.  The actual chemistry is a little more complicated, but the easy version is that those metal ions become solid metal attached to the electrode (the metal that you dipped in the solution).  The new metal is now permanently bonded to the old metal, and you have a set of chrome rims.
745878
http://www.ortodoxism.ro/datasheets/stmicroelectronics/7836.pdf
768677
Gallium based semi-conductor right now is too expensive to deploy. \n\nIf you want completely out of the left field, I'd go for optical processing.
642853
The pH can vary widly depending on the type of electroplating.  The nitrates will be the species associated with the metals used and of course sodium.\nCan you be more specific on which proceses you are looking at  See \n\nhttp://es.epa.gov/techinfo/facts/metalmfg.html\n\nhttp://es.epa.gov/cooperative/topics/metfactsheets.html\n\nhttp://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch12/final/c12s20.pdf
852036
It's called vapor deposition.  Sublimation is when a solid goes directly to gas.
699534
My guess would be Duraluminium (an Aluminum alloy) orsome sort of titanium alloy... \n\nDuraluminium is used in harddisks as the ring separating the platters and in expensive bikes.
1185511
There are many different methods, but basically it is a form of preventing or slowing a chemical reaction between metals and air or other impurities. Eg. Painting, plastic dip coating, anodising.\n\n“Corrosion: A partial or complete wearing away, dissolving, or softening of any substance by chemical or electrochemical reaction with its environment. The term corrosion specifically applies to the gradual action of natural agents, such as air or salt water, on metals”.\n\nAlso Fretting corosion:\nFretting corrosion refers to corrosion damage at the asperities? of contact surfaces. This damage is caused under load and in the company of repeated relative surface motion, as induced for example by vibration\nOther causes:\n• corrosive environment\n• contact load\n• amplitude and frequency of load fluctuations\n• cycles\n• temperature\n• availability of moisture\n\nPrevention for fretting Corrosion: \n• Use of lubricants and surface coatings designed to improve lubricity and limit metal-on-metal wear. \n• Increased surface hardness. \n• Use of barriers to limit ingress of corrosive environment to mating surfaces. \n• Reduce bearing loads on mating surfaces.
769422
Single crystal is like the nearly flawless blue-white diamond I gave to my wife when I proposed marriage. Bulk crystal is like the fifty pound chunk of quartz she dug up in Arkansas a few yrars ago, some fairly large single crystals of quartz but with flaws and randomly oriented.\n\nThe semiconductor industry depends on the availability of large (12 inches diameter and larger) single-crystals of silicon, grown and pulled slowly in vacuum from a special furnace. These crystal boules are sliced into wafers and then semiconductor devices and electrical interconnections are either grown or deposited or implanted as thin films on the surface. Deliberate impurities are added in layers by a process called diffusion or by accelerated ion implant to create different electrical properties in the various layers.\n\nNot all the processing is done in a high or ultra-high vacuum, but that is generally the starting point before a process is started.\n\nDisadvantages of preparing thin films are difficulties with crystal lattice alignment, the time-cost to grow a thin film to the required thickness, and defects in the thin film that can render a large part of the wafer unusable.\n\nAs you cut and paste this answer for your paper, don't forget to include the buzz word epitaxial somewhere in there.
1125460
You should consider/investigate electroless plating processes. \n\nHi-Phosphorous Electroless nickel is a continuous coating easily applied inside container/cavities like your teapot, and is reasonably affordable.  Contains mostly nickel with a minor amount of phosphorous - the high phosphorous version is quite corrosion resistant to many acids except sulphuric.  Low-phos and standard electroless are cheaper, but with lower corrosion resistance - these might work for you too - a little experimentation is worth doing.  Check around for prices at the plating shop - coating quality varies a lot.\n\nThere is an electroless gold plating process too (of high purity), but you can imagine it is more expensive and is porous at the microscopic level, so doesn't give you the corrosion resistance you might otherwise expect.  It is very possible to combine the two: modestly thin gold (10-30um) on top of nickel, and then you'd have a pretty good coating at a reasonable price.\n\nThere is an old 'tinning' plating process utilizing tin (Sn), but I think it is electrolytic and hard to put down inside a cavity like a teapot.  \n\nA silver-tin tinning "hot wash" is traditionally done inside copper pots (after acid cleaning) to provide a food-grade coating, but the teapot will have to be heated up quite hot (~200°C/400°F) to soldering temperatures, and this may play havoc with the existing silver plating, or even with the construction of the teapot (the spout may fall off).\n\nFor food-grade and chemical purity, consider some kind of polymer coating, but you'll have problems with the coating sticking, or you'll have to heat up the teapot pretty hot to cure the paint (check out "Teflon" or "Silverstone" coating services); there is a very remote possibility of an acrylic paint coating (solvent evaporation), but you'd need to know what was in the paint, or make the paint yourself.\n\nAny way you approach this problem, however, is going to run into the problem of the cost of labor - the coating material cost isn't going to the be the high cost adder (mostly because the coating is so thin).  Disposal of the plating fluids will be expensive too, so factor that into the cost as well.\n\nBy the way, you didn't say what metal was exposed - if copper, that is OK - copper pipes are used in household plumbing.  Just clean up the copper and enjoy.  Iron and aluminum is OK too, just keep everything scrubbed clean.
615127
depends on what your purpose is for your paper. Plate technoics is such a broad topic, you need to be more specific if you want help. I cant answer this again so good luck. Email me if you want more information
396821
high velocity copper covered lead
682250
Bugger all; a few micrograms.   Gold can be hammered or plated thinner than just about any other material.   There's a pagoda in Myanmar, one of the poorest countries in the world, with a roof covered in gold leaf.   The cost of the gold in medicines, electronic components, space helmet visors and all its other useful applications is negligible compared with the cost of manufacture.
111004
Perspex is the trade name for a clear, lightweight, tough plastic first produced in 1930. It is widely used for watch glasses, advertising signs, domestic baths, motorboat windscreens, aircraft canopies, and protective shields. \n\nSO perspex plate is a plate made of this material.
580906
Its a buffer and a metal chelating agent. \nIt prevents metallo proteases and nucleases from funcitoning fully as well as stabilizing the pH of the buffer. \n\nRegards