who discover the electric force between charge object?
832186
It was Thales of Miletus, 635 BC - 543 BC who first described it. Ben Franklin missed this discover by over 2000 years.
74406
Having actually performed this experiment, the big suprise is that charge comes in discrete chunks.  So there is a fundamental unit of electric charge and the oil drop experiment allows us to measure it's value.  Millikan must have been trying to measure the charge on an electron and thought of his ingenious oil drop experiment to find it.
804811
Benjamin Franklin realized that electrical charges came in two types, which he called positive and negative. \n\nRubbing smooth wool over rough wax produces a huge static electric charge on both the wax and the wool, and the charge can be released in the form of a spark. It was clear that electricity was flowing from one to the other, but which way? Franklin couldn't tell, so he guessed, assigning a "positive" electric charge to the wax and the "negative" electric charge to the wool. \n\nIt turned out he was wrong, but it took over a century to discover that.
476628
In physics, the Lorentz force is the force exerted on a charged particle in an electromagnetic field. The particle will experience a force due to electric field of qE, and due to the magnetic field qv × B. Combined they give the Lorentz force equation (or law):\n\n F= q(E + v x B)\nwhere\n\nF is the force (in newtons) \nE is the electric field (in volts per meter) \nB is the magnetic field (in webers per square meter, or equivalently, teslas) \nq is the electric charge of the particle (in coulombs) \nv is the instantaneous velocity of the particle (in meters per second) \nand × is the cross product. \nThus a positively charged particle will be accelerated in the same linear orientation as the E field, but will curve perpendicularly to the B field according to the right-hand rule.
1091127
It is reputed to have been Lord Kelvin.  The Michelson-Morley experiment (to find the true reference frame of the universe - the failure of which led to Einstein's discovery of special relativity) and the solution to the blackbody radiation equation (which led to the "ultraviolet catastrophe" and Planck's discovery of quantum mechanics) was all that was left, other than extending the constants to additional decimal places.\n\nHowever, Feynman claims this is more myth than fact.
71719
According to a great biography on Ben Franklin written by Walter Isaacson, Ben Franklin actually did this experiment, and related it to his friend Peter Collinson in a letter that BF also printed in his Pennsylvania Gazette. Here is what is fishy - BF waited 4 months after the experiment to tell his buddy and publish it, even though word of similar French experiments had also surfaced about 3 weeks before BF's publication. One reason he may have waited on this so long is because BF thought it interesting but not groundbreaking. As BF relates the experiment, he did fly a kite (with a small metal rod mounted on it) in stormy weather and noticed the dripping wet line growing unusually taught. He touched his knuckle to the key on the line and drew a spark. He does not mention actual lightning hitting the kite. What I personally think happened (and I am an electronics technician) is that his kite with the metal rod was soaking up the negative electrons present in large amounts in a storm. The ground, and our friend BF was positively charged, and when he brought his knuckle close to the key, the charges equalized  - wallah - a spark! This is the same thing that happens when you get shocked by static electricity. You can see the spark, especially a strong one, when you shuffle across the carpet and touch something metal. However, such a charge might contain a potential of tens of thousands of volts, but little current and thus be harmless, just like static electricity. Had he taken an actual lightning hit I am sure he would have mentioned it had he survived. It seems that once his account got out it was embellished by other newspeople somewhat, although the story is rooted in truth. A sidenote - BF can be considered the inventor of and a strong proponent of lightning rods. These he did much experimenting with , and is credited with saving many buildings in the New England area and elsewhere. It is interesting to note that when his lightning rods took a hit, they were usually destroyed (and these were heavy metal rods!)
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Electric field \n------------------------------------\nThe temperature at every point in a room has a definite value.You can measure the temperature at any given point or combination of points by putting a thermometer there.We call the resulting distribution of temperatures a 'temperature field'.This is an example of scalar field.(Temperature is a scalar quantity)\n\nNow,electric field is a vector field.It consists of a distribution of vectors, one for each point in the region around a charged object,such as a charged rod or disc.\n\nFrom Coulomb's law ,we know that ,if a charge 'Q' is fixed at a point and a second charge 'q' is placed near it we can easily determine the force acting between the two, given enough data.But a nagging question remains:How does 'Q' know  of  the presence of 'q'?Since charge don't touch,how they can exert a force on each other?This question can be answered by saying that 'Q' sets up an electric field in space surrounding it and this electric field exerts a force on any charge placed in it.The field has its own existence even though no additional charge is present in it.The field takes finite time to propagate.If a charge is displaced from its position thr field at a distance 'r' will change after a time t=r/c  (c=speed of light).\n\nBring a positive charge Q at a given point without disturbing any other charge that has produced the field.If a charge Q experiences an electric force F, we define the intensity of electric field at the point as\n               E=F/Q   (mind it E and F are vectors) \n\nMichael Faraday who introduced the idea of electric fields in 19th century ,thought of the space around a charged body as filled with lines of force.We no longer attach reality to these lines, but they still provide a way to visualize patterns in electric fields.Electric field lines extend away from positive charge (where they originate) and towards negative charge (where they terminate).\n\n__________________________________________________________________
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1- Albert Eienstien ( His work in explaining the electrophotonic cell based on quantum mechanics)...note: this is not his greatest work, the theory of relativity is more important but it was not understandable by other scientists that time.\n\n2- Maxwell ( His work in establish the Electromagnetic Theory ).\n\n3- NIELS BOHR (for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them)\n\n4- WERNER HEISENBERG (for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen)\n\n5-  WOLFGANG PAULI (for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle)
833120
Einstein received the Nobel Prize in physics for his discovery that a quanta of energy (photon) could free up an electron in his famous photoelectric effect.
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you probably need history of electricity. lte me give you a brief one.\nFrom the writings of Thales of Miletus it appears that Westerners knew as long ago as 600 B.C. that amber becomes charged by rubbing. There was little real progress until the English scientist William Gilbert in 1600 described the electrification of many substances and coined the term electricity from the Greek word for amber. As a result, Gilbert is called the father of modern electricity. In 1660 Otto von Guericke invented a crude machine for producing static electricity. It was a ball of sulfur, rotated by a crank with one hand and rubbed with the other. Successors, such as Francis Hauksbee, made improvements that provided experimenters with a ready source of static electricity. Today's highly developed descendant of these early machines is the Van de Graaf generator, which is sometimes used as a particle accelerator. Robert Boyle realized that attraction and repulsion were mutual and that electric force was transmitted through a vacuum (c.1675). Stephen Gray distinguished between conductors and nonconductors (1729). C. F. Du Fay recognized two kinds of electricity, which Benjamin Franklin and Ebenezer Kinnersley of Philadelphia later named positive and negative.\n\nThe Leyden Jar and the Quantitative Era\n\nProgress quickened after the Leyden jar was invented in 1745 by Pieter van Musschenbroek. The Leyden jar stored static electricity, which could be discharged all at once. In 1747 William Watson discharged a Leyden jar through a circuit, and comprehension of the current and circuit started a new field of experimentation. Henry Cavendish, by measuring the conductivity of materials (he compared the simultaneous shocks he received by discharging Leyden jars through the materials), and Charles A. Coulomb, by expressing mathematically the attraction of electrified bodies, began the quantitative study of electricity.\n\nA new interest in current began with the invention of the battery. Luigi Galvani had noticed (1786) that a discharge of static electricity made a frog's leg jerk. Consequent experimentation produced what was a simple electron cell using the fluids of the leg as an electrolyte and the muscle as a circuit and indicator. Galvani thought the leg supplied electricity, but Alessandro Volta thought otherwise, and he built the voltaic pile, an early type of battery, as proof. Continuous current from batteries smoothed the way for the discovery of G. S. Ohm's law (pub. 1827), relating current, voltage (electromotelinks" href="/encyclopedia/O/Ohmslaw.html">Ohm's law), and of J. P. Joule's law of electrical heating (pub. 1841). Ohm's law and the rules discovered later by G. R. Kirchhoff regarding the sum of the currents and the sum of the voltages in a circuit (see Kirchhoff's laws) are the basic means of making circuit calculations\nyou do need advanced studying in this but i think this will help u anywhere. best of luck!!
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The electric field will be repellent between protons, attractive between a proton and an electron.\n\nThere is, of course, the nuclear force--which is exerted only at extremely close range, and is an attractive force.\n\nThere is also the gravitational force between them, also attractive, but it's pretty trivial with such microscopic masses, unless you get unthinkably close.\n\nGravity, of course, would be there between the proton and the electron, but it's a whale of a lot more feeble between that pair than between a pair of protons...
1108157
You should be able to measure all three, in both cases.. limited only by the sensitivity and accuracy of your instruments.\n\nwhen a particle with mass moves past you, or you move past it, the force excerted by gravity between you and the particle changes with distance. Of course you need to have a mass too. and your instruments need to be good enough to distinguish these forces from other gravitational and other kind of forces.\n\nIf a charged particle moves, it produces a magnetic field. this is the same effect as seen in a elecromagned where moving elecrons produce magnetic fields.\n\nif a charged particle moves past you, and you have a detector that is based on charge too, you will notice an increase or decrease in attractive or repulsive force between your detector and the charged particle as the distance between the both changes. again this force is miniscule and is easily confused with other stray forces including the above gravitational ones.
247677
There's this equation called Coulomb's Law that relates charge and force: F=k*Q*Q/(r^2), where k is Coulomb's constant (8.988e9) and r is the distance between the two charges. That doesn't give us the units for an electric field, which is a force per charge. But we can divide both sides of Coulomb's Law by a Q, giving us F/q=k*Q/(r^2).\n\nTo find the magnitude and direction of the net electric field, you need to add together the electric field vectors created by each of the two charges. For the first charge, the electric field is k*15e-6/(.12^2)=9.36e6 N/C. The electric field of the second charge is k*10e-6/(.05^2)=3.60e7 N/C. Make sure to change cm to meters, and note that the charge q at which you are finding the electric field does not factor into our equation. Hopefully the problem describes in more detail the location of the two charges so you can determine the appropriate vector sum's magnitude and direction.
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a positive and negitive charge attact eachother because of the electromagnetic force, which suggests that 2 charged particles will exert a force on eachother.\n\nTo find the magnetitude and direction of the force you use Coulombs law:\n\nF = (1/4πε).(q1q2/|r|²).r
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http://www.amasci.com/emotor/statelec.html\n\nhttp://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/PHYS1169/beilby/electric_fields.html\n\nhttp://users.pandora.be/educypedia/electronics/electrostatics.htm
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In 1931, P. A. M. Dirac suggested that the existence of magnetic monopoles would explain the quantization of electric charge, the fact that it appears only in units of the electronic charge e (fractional charges appear in certain theories, but are not observed in nature). This article is not about these monopoles, so if the reader should refer to Jackson if interested in them, or to the article Energy Loss of Charged Particles, where the stopping of Dirac monopoles by matter is discussed. Here we will talk about magnetic charges, or isolated poles, or monopoles as an aid in understanding electricity and magnetism by analogy between electric and magnetic fields. We'll also discuss the systems of electromagnetic units, especially those things not appearing in current texts, and how it all hangs together.\n\nThe magnetic field of the earth does not exceed about 1 ørsted, which shows that there is no great amount of unbalanced magnetic charge in its makeup. In fact, isolated magnetic poles have never been observed, and are not accounted for in Maxwell's equations. Magnetic fields are all created by currents, either macroscopic ones or microscopic ones, just as electric fields are created by free or bound charges. Relativity indicates that E and B are the fundamental electromagnetic fields that describe the macroscopic interactions of electromagnetism and are associated in a field tensor that has different expressions in different inertial frames.\n\nThe original concept of electromagnetism was that of "action at a distance" evidenced by the mutual forces exerted by charges or currents at different locations on each other. Faraday's concept was that the influence was transmitted through a medium in which the charges or currents were immersed, and this concept was expressed mathematically by Maxwell, who based the theory on fields satisfying certain differential equations. A source charge created a field, which then acted upon the charge that was influenced. He searched in vain for a suitable medium, which became the famous "luminiferous ether" of pre-relativistic days, and for a suitable mechanism for the propagation of the influence. All attempts to detect the medium failed, and it was replaced by the concepts of relativity, in which there are still fields, but immaterial ones. This was at least a partial return to the earlier ideas, and the "reality" of electromagnetic fields can be a subject of discussion. It appears that the potentials are what travels at the speed of light, and the fields are derived from them. Whatever conclusion may be drawn, they do describe the physics very well indeed.\n\nIn the early days of Maxwell's theory, the equations D = κE and B = μH were thought of as relating a stress (E or H) to a strain (D or B). These four fields D, E, B and H were called displacement, electric intensity, induction and magnetic intensity, respectively. Their units were the familiar absolute electrostatic (esu) or absolute electromagnetic (emu) units. Practical workers, for their part, had arbitrarily defined units of electrical pressure and resistance, and from them derived the units of charge and current. The unit of electrical pressure was that of the Daniell cell, and that of resistance was a mercury column 1 sq. mm. in cross-section and 1 m long.\n\nIt was discovered, by an investigator named Giorgi, that by a certain choice of the units of mass, length and time quantities very close to the practical units could be brought into a consistent and absolute system of units. A consistent system of units is one in which the units are determined by the defining equations for the quantities, and not by arbitrary choice. An absolute system is one in which all units are derived from a set of basic units. The emu and esu were consistent absolute systems based on the centimeter-gram-second (cgs) mechanical units. Giorgi found that simply taking the meter-kilogram-second (mks) as fundam
24896
Michael Farady of England created electricity through magnets. And people before him knew about electricity for long time, so its difficult to answer who invented it.