how much money was lost during the mt pinatubo eruption?
823749
The human impacts of the disaster are staggering. In addition to the up to 800 people who lost their lives, there was almost one half of a billion dollars in property and economic damage. The economy of central Luzon was horribly disrupted. In 1991, the volcano destroyed 4,979 homes and damaged another 70,257. The following year 3,281 homes were destroyed and 3,137 were damaged. Damage following the eruption was usually caused by lahars - rain-induced torrents of volcanic debris that killed people and animals and buried homes in the months after the eruption. Additionally, a 1992 eruption in August 1992 killed 72 people.\n\n Structures on the two largest U.S. military bases in the Philippines--Clark Air Base and Subic Bay Naval Station--were heavily damaged by ash from the volcano's climactic eruption.\nUnited States military never returned to Clark Air Base, turning over the damaged base to the Philippine government on November 26, 1991. The region is still rebuilding and recovering from the eruption.\n\nThe eruption is believed to have influenced such events as 1993 floods along the Mississippi river and the drought in the Sahel region of Africa. The United States experienced its third coldest and third wettest summer in 77 years during 1992. No dollar amount has been given to loss of crops or other economic difficuties due to these occurrences.\n\nFortunately, scientists from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology and the U.S. Geological Survey had forecast Pinatubo's 1991 climactic eruption, resulting in the saving of at least 5,000 lives and at least $250 million in property. Commercial aircraft were warned about the hazard of the ash cloud from the June 15 eruption, and most avoided it, but a number of jets flying far to the west of the Philippines encountered ash and sustained about $100 million in damage. Although much equipment was successfully protected, structures on the two largest U.S. military bases in the Philippines--Clark Air Base and Subic Bay Naval Station--were heavily damaged by ash from the volcano's climactic eruption.\n\nNearly 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide were injected into the stratosphere in Pinatubo's 1991 eruptions, and dispersal of this gas cloud around the world caused global temperatures to drop temporarily (1991 through 1993) by about 1°F (0.5°C). The eruptions have dramatically changed the face of central Luzon, home to about 3 million people. About 20,000 indigenous Aeta highlanders, who had lived on the slopes of the volcano, were completely displaced, and most still wait in resettlement camps for the day when they can return home. About 200,000 people who evacuated from the lowlands surrounding Pinatubo before and during the eruptions have returned home but face continuing threats from lahars that have already buried numerous towns and villages. Rice paddies and sugar-cane fields that have not been buried by lahars have recovered; those buried by lahars will be out of use for years to come.\n\nThere are lots of websites on this.
596766
i think the mount pinatubo irrupted.. maybe???
181959
USD 500 Trillion to 1 Quadrillion in personal assets \nthis figure does not include assets owned by governments, religious groups, or illegally acquired wealth
218509
I lost (not loose) 100 dollars.\nI found 378 dollars.
108488
1982, Indonesia\n"After the Galunggung, Indonesia volcanic event in 1982, a British Airways Boeing 747 flew through an ash cloud that fouled all 4 engines, stopping them. The plane descended from 36,000 feet to only 12,000 feet before the crew could manage to restart the engines."
12305
ITT is a scam that's cost $37000. But you will learn if you have a desire. I did.  \n                          Rem Kvadriga.
286236
A huge eruption, in common terms, can mean an explosive volcano.  And that is caused when magma that is about to exit at the opening begins to cool down and causes the hole to close/block (not leaving enough space for the magma to flow).  This causes hot gas to be trapped until it builds up so much that it explodes.  Such volcanoes include ashes, "volcano bombs", dust, cinder, etc etc\n\nHowever, any type of eruption (be it explosive or just a quiet flow) is caused by movement in the plates. Plates are the result of "continental drift".  When one plate goes under another plate, the plate becomes extremely hot and liquifies.  This "liquid" then builds up, and because it is in excess... it finds a hole though which it can flow.  So the amount is determined by the magnitude of the earthquake and how much of the plate has melted.
1147
Too many people will lose money
765823
In terms of loss of human life the deadliest was on January 23rd 1556 in Shaanxi, China. It measured 8 on the richter scale. An estimated 830,000 people were killed during the quake.\n\nThe largest recorded earthquake occured in Chile in South America on May 22nd 1960. This earthquake was enormous at 9.5 of the richter scale. The epicenter of the earthquake (the point on the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake) was 60 meters down below the ocean floor about 100 miles off the coast of Chile out in the Pacific. \n\nThe nearby towns of Valdivia and Puerto Montt suffered devastating damage because of their closeness to the center of such a massive quake. The loss of human life was not as bad as it could have been because there were large foreshocks that sent people into the streets. \n\nThe damage from the quake was not limited to the nearby shores of Chile. Enormous tsunamis caused by the quake, traveled for thousands of miles across the Pacific Ocean, reaching the shores of Hawaii, the Philippines, and even Japan devastating everything in their path.\n\nThe earthquake that occured on December 26 2004  was recorded as a 9.3 on the Richter scale which was just below what had occured in Chile. This one resulted in 275,000 deaths. \n\nHope this helped you out a little.
3353
It looks like it is $25,000. \n\nPermits and Fees in Nepal: \nClimbing Permit\n  1 person - $25,000\n \n(Prorated per person)\n  2 people - $40,000\n \n 3 people - $48,000\n \n 4 people - $56,000\n \n 5 people - $60,000\n \n 6 people - $66,000\n \n 7 people - $70,000\nSagarmatha National Park Entrance Fee  $100 per team\nKhumbu Icefall Fee  $2,375 per team\nPaid to Sagarmatha Park, which maintains the route.\n\nI included the link from National Geographic that sets it out..
386046
Polite warning. Many of the take your money and disappear. I lost over $3,000. I now focus on the following program..click below.
685009
Probably the erruption of Mount St. Helens or possibly Krakatoa?
218228
All fragments thrown into the air by a volcanic eruption are called pyroclastics. During a more violent eruption, the force of the blast sends superhot gas and millions of pieces of lava into the air. These particles are classified as bombs, cinders, or ash, depending on their size and shape. Small pieces of lava, which solidify almost immediately, form slivers of volcanic glass.\nTogether with rocks blown from the sides of a volcano, the entire collection of ejected material becomes a hot, fast-moving cloud of rock and ash. These flows can travel at great speed down the flanks of a volcano and into surrounding areas, causing extensive destruction. In 1902 the eruption of Mount Pelée, on the island of Martinique, created this type of pyroclastic blast and destroyed the town of Saint-Pierre, killing about 30,000 people.\n\nLike lava, pyroclastic material raining down on a volcano eventually compacts into solid layers that build up the volcano’s bulk. Some eruptions actually reduce the height of a volcano, because they are so powerful that they literally blow the top of the volcano off. In 1883 the cataclysmic explosion of Krakatau in Indonesia destroyed most of the island, which had been formed by the volcano.\n\n\nKrakatau 1883\nDestroyed entire island\nPumice Rafts (lava with lots of vesicles) trapped sailors for three days\nCaused Tsunami\nHeard as far as Australia
1091303
1854 does sound about right; see source below.  Basically it hasn't had anything substantial for a while; the last eruption before 1854 seems to be over 2,000 years ago.
720628
$1,232,245.08 USD\n\n(1.2 million)
454727
Scientists excavating at the site of the world's biggest recorded volcanic eruption on an Indonesian island have found human remains and artifacts in an area they said may be the ``Pompeii of the east.''\n\nThe discoveries were made near Tambora, on Sumbawa Island, which erupted in 1815. The volcano produced 150 cubic kilometers of ash that fell as far as 1,300 kilometers (800 miles) away. Tambora lies about 1,300 kilometers to the east of Indonesia's capital, Jakarta.\n\n``There is a potential that Tambora could be the Pompeii of the east and it could be of great cultural interest,'' Haraldur Sigurdsson of the University of Rhode Island, who led the excavation, said in a statement published on the university's Web site. ``All the people, their houses and culture are still encapsulated there as they were in 1815.''\n\nThe archeological dig led to the discovery of two human bodies, ceramic pots and artifacts linking Tamboran culture to that of Vietnam and Cambodia. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy in 79 AD covered the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in layers of ash. Pompeii was discovered in 1748 with buildings and artifacts intact. The discovery gave insight to historians about ancient Roman life.\n\n``If it's true that they found such remains, it will reveal the culture at that time,'' said Atje Purbawinata, head of volcano monitoring and research at the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia. ``A generation of local people might have been lost due to the eruption. Now it could be revealed what happened.'' \n\nThe expedition involved teams from the University of Rhode Island and the University of North Carolina, the statement said. They spent six weeks in the island in 2004.\n\nStill, the team didn't seek permission from the Indonesian Institute of Science, said Neni Sintawardani, department head in charge of issuing research clearance at the agency.\n\nIgan Sutawidjaya, a senior researcher at the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia, a member of the team to Tambora, said they obtained permission from Indonesia's immigration department and the foreign ministry. He didn't know if the science agency needed to approve the trip.\n\n``In granting a clearance, we always require them to cooperate with a qualified Indonesian so we can share knowledge,'' Sintawardani said.\n\nSome Indonesian archeologists said the evidence of Khmer culture among the ruins could have been because of trade.\n\n``The ceramic pots and other household materials found might be goods that the people of Tambora traded overseas, the Mon- Khmer culture has actually never been found across Indonesia,'' said Bagyo Prasetyo, an archeologist with the Center of Archeological Research in Jakarta. ``We also need to know if the team did carbon dating.''\n\nVolcanic Explosivity Index\n\nTambora's eruption was rated 7 according to the Volcanic Explosivity Index, which measures the height of the eruption and the amount of ash ejected, according to the Volcano World Web site hosted at the University of North Dakota, making it the biggest recorded eruption. Mount Toba in Sumatra Island, which erupted 76,000 years ago, had a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 8.\n\nTambora's eruption killed about 10,000 people because of the pyroclastic flows, while an estimated 82,000 died after the eruption because of disease and hunger. The year 1815 is also known as the ``year without a summer,'' because gases released by Tambora resulted in a global cooling and led to food shortages in Europe.\n\n``The findings were remarkable,'' said Sutawidjaya of the Volcanological Survey. A team from the agency will visit the area again in April to continue its research, he said.\n\nPumice, Ash\n\nThe Tambora discovery was made after cutting through a 10- foot thick deposit of pumice and ash, the statement said. The area may also have a wooden palace. Sigurdsson and his team plan to ret
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Mt. Etna's eruptions, while obscuring visibility in the area surrounding the volcano, were captured by cameras on board the Terra and SeaWiFs satellites in recent days.\n\nThe eruption opened six vents in the mountain, releasing a cloud of ash stretching southeastward over the Mediterranean Sea, though the volatile mountain's lava flows have appeared to slowed.\n\nA new fissure cracked open at a height of 2,700 yards (2,470 meters) on the eastern side of the volcano, officials told Reuters on Tuesday, weakening the main lava flow that threatened the village of Nicolosi, a community of 5,000 people. \n\nThe magma pouring out of the new fissure, one of a half-dozen that have burst open on the almost 11,000-foot (3,350-meter) mountain, was heading toward the uninhabited Valle del Bove valley. \n\n"There are very slight signals that the eruption activity is diminishing. I am cautiously optimistic,'' said Alberto Di Pace, prefect of Catania, a city at the base of the volcano. \n\nBut experts say the volcano is highly unpredictable, making it extremely difficult to tell whether the eruptions will stop soon. In the past 20 days there have been more than 2,500 tremors under the mountain, with no signs of any let-up. \n\nCatania's international airport, which was shut for a second time on Monday as thick layers of volcanic ash covered the runway, was re-opened at 6:00 a.m. on Tuesday. \n\nFor a week, Europe's most active volcano has been billowing huge clouds of smoke and black ash, and spitting rivers of lava, leading the government to declare a state of emergency. \n\nThe lava flow approaching Nicolosi has almost stopped as it pools in a shallow basin some 2.5 miles above the village. \n\nOn Sunday, the community organized a religious procession to pray that the flow be diverted or stopped. \n\nLegend has it that in 1886 the local archbishop managed to divert a wave of boiling magma descending on the village by brandishing before it a statue of Saint Anthony. \n\nThe magma has already damaged ski lifts dotting the volcano's slopes and civil protection teams were trying to save the ones left intact. \n\nMount Etna is a popular winter resort, but tourism officials say snow is unlikely to settle this winter because of the extreme heat of the lava. \n\nThe last time Etna posed a threat was in 1992 when lava streams headed toward Zafferana, a town of 7,000 people on Etna's lower slopes. The Italian military had to use controlled explosions to divert the flow.