what is the bubonic plaque?
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Plague is known in the microbiology world as Yersnia pseudotubercuolsis sp. pestis (or simply Y. pestis), and is a bacterial disease that is characterized by painful lesions of the lymph nodes (buboes - hence Bubonic plague) and if advanced as a a septicemic plague to which there may be pneumonia as well.  While it is an ancient disease, it still exists today and is endemic in the Southwestern United States.  Most humans get it from either direct contact of infected rodents or from fleas that bite infected hosts.
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The Black Plague (Bubonic Plague) was spread by fleas, rats, and people infected with the plague.  There were many cities in germany that had indoor plumbing, sewar systems, and were extremely sanitary.  During this era in other parts of Europe it was common to have farm animals, and other domestic animals in ones house (this way no one could steal them at night), these animals had fleas and the flea bites spread the disease.  For the cities that did not have indoor plumbing, open sewars, or people just threw the pot out the window when it was full, this attracted the rats whose fleas continued to spread the plague.  Lastly, cleanliness was not observed as it is today, so people might take a bath once or twice a year, this too hindered them.  Lastly, many of those cities that weren't infected totally were probably in the northern reaches of Germany or in mountainous areas that were difficult to reach.  The freezing cold killed fleas and animals infected, it also helped to kill some of the plague, but not all.  Cities probably walled themselves off from outsiders to protect themselves from the plague and only allowed clean people to enter.\nRemember:\n "Ring around the rosy,\nPocket full of posy,\nAshes, Ashes,\nWe all fall down."
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Yersinia pestis is a bacteria that lives on ticks that usually live on rats. This bacteria can cause the illness known as the Plague - Pneumonic, Septicemic, or Bubonic when it is transmitted through tick bites.
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Biofilm\nIf you are not true to your teeth they will be false to you.
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check out: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goofball\napparently its a term for barbituates.
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pTB is the common abbreviation for pleural tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease.\n\nTuberculosis is contagious only when it is both \n\na) active and\nb) pulmonary (meaning that it is in the lungs).\n\nTuberculosis in other areas of the body (known as extrapulmonary TB) cannot readily be spread to others.\n\nPleural TB is tuberculosis that is present in the pleural space - the area between the lungs and the ribs.\n\nTreatment of tuberculosis is lengthy and somewhat complex.\n\nRead more about extrapulmonary TB at the site linked below:
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What do you need to know?  It's the most used bur in the crown preparation set-up.  They are also known as beveled cylinder burs or curettage (also K-series) burs.\n\nI would like to congratulate you for realizing that they are not teaching you even the most basic information in your dental school.  Perhaps YOU are one of the ones who will be treating Americans who are think it's a good idea to go abroad for dental care.
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Gingivitis is when only the gums are affected and it is easily reversible.  Gingivitis is characterized by red, swollen, and bleeding gums.  If your gums bleed when brushing or flossing, you have gingivitis.  Gingivitis is easily reversed with daily flossing and brushing twice daily.  An anti-gingivitis mouthwash (Listerine or Crest Pro-Health Rinse) will also help, but it will not substitute for flossing.  \n\nPeriodontitis is when the infection has moved from the gums and into the supporting bone and tissues.  Once you start losing bone, it cannot be rebuilt except with surgery.  Bone loss leads to loose teeth and tooth loss.  The link below has more information if you want to read some more on it.
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an infection, like a bad tooth. or anything else you need antibiotic's for.
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the doctor was partially right, for some viruses. many diseases we get from mutations in bacteria or viruses, from animals, from food, from a new environment we aren't used to, etc.\n\np.s. Any expert can tell you exactly how to contract the bubonic plague (often called the black death, the black plague, the plague, etc.) that wiped out 1/4 of Europe in its time. People got it from fleas. It is often associated with rats because rats carry fleas, and therefore the plague. When the flea bit an infected person, and then someone else the other person got infected, as did anything else the flea bit. And with the poor sanitation a few hundred years ago, and their total lack of knowledge as to what caused it, it is no wonder the plague wiped out entire towns.
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There seems to be some confusion between "fremitus" which is movement, and the "frenum" or "frenulum" which is the little piece of tissue that connects your gums to your lip.  Dental fremitus is most often seen on the incisors, especially on the top- if your front teeth hit a lot when you close, eventually the top ones in front tend to loosen slightly.  You can check for fremitus yourself- lay your finger on your upper front teeth, and then bite together- if they move slightly, you ahve fremitus.  in addition to traumatic occlusion, there are other causes, such as periodontal problems (gum problems) and loss of underlying bone.  In the absence of other major problems, fremitus generally does not constitute a problem in and of itself.
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Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, an aerobic bacterium.
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It depends if it is sugar-free or not.  Sugar-free gum will actually help reduce plaque because chewing the gum will remove plaque.  Gum with sugar in it will "feed" the bacteria and help them grow.
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First of all, the Black Plaque took place over several centuries, recurring essentially every generation between the 14th and 17th centuries. During this time, the world was incredibly fractitious and separated. There was little communication between Asia and Europe and there was intense rivalry between the countries of Western Europe. There was no one dominant figure of the period, except perhaps the Pope in Europe.
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Look into how the bubonic plague outbreaks affected the economy in Europe. That is an excellent place to start.
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"The bubonic variant (the most common) derives its name from the swellings or buboes that appeared on a victim's neck, armpits or groin. These tumors could range in size from that of an egg to that of an apple."  More at http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/plague.htm
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It has also been called "white-band disease," "white death," and "stress-related necrosis," but the roles of environmental stress and pathogens in the loss of tissue have not been adequately investigated.\nhttp://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/mccarty_and_peters/coral/plague.htm\n\ntuberculosis, esp. pulmonary tuberculosis.\nhttp://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/white+plague\n\nNoun\n1. pulmonary tuberculosis, consumption, phthisis, wasting disease, white plague, tuberculosis, TB, T.B. \nusage: involving the lungs with progressive wasting of the body \n2. drug addiction, white plague, addiction, dependence, dependency, habituation \nusage: an addiction to a drug (especially a narcotic drug) \nhttp://www.infoplease.com/thesaurus/white%20plague\n\nThe White Plague is also a science fiction novel by Frank Herbert, about a molecular biologist, John Roe O'Neill, whose wife and children are killed when a bomb planted by the IRA goes off. Driven insane by loss, he plans a genocidal revenge, creating a plague that kills only women, and releases it in Ireland (for supporting the terrorists), England (for oppressing the Irish and giving them a cause), and Libya (for training said terrorists); he then demands that the governments of the world quarantine those countries and let the plague run its course, so they will lose what he has lost; if they don't, he has more plagues to release.\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_White_Plague