What is an excited state?
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the condition of an atom or molecule after absorbing energy from exposure to light, electricity, elevated temperature, or a chemical reaction, and which may be a necessary prelude to a chemical reaction or to the emission of light.\n\nExcited state \nIn quantum mechanics, a stationary state of higher energy than the lowest stationary state or ground state of a particle or a system of particles. Customarily, only bound stationary states, which generally are at most denumerably infinite in number, are spoken of as excited, although the formal quantum theory often treats the noncountable unbound stationary states on an equal footing with the bound states
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It´s 10. Neon. \nIt has two energy levels, filled with 2 and 8 electrons respectively.
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color is a phenomenon when the dye in the clothes absorbes light, the molecule becomes excited to a higher energy level, back to ground state, and a different color light is emmitted. \n\nI'm thinking since the color just looks "darker" without any change in the spectrum. that means you only get a decrease in intensity (fewer photons). so water may have a quenching effect for the flourescence of the dye when it's close to the dye molecule. that way many emmitted photon is quickly quenched by the water molecule and fewer are allowed to escape and be seen so the color looks darker.
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Any orbital can be considered within an excited state depending of the given element and its charge.
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Spectroscopy is the branch of science (Physics) concerned with production and analysis of spectra (analogous range of radiations in order of wavelength), produced by a spectrophotometer.\n\nIn emission spectroscopy, a sample is normally excited by thermal energy. Atoms in the sample absorb thermal energy causing outer orbital electrons to become excited from their ground state to higher orbital energy level. After a short lifetime (10{+-}{+6} to 10{+-}{+9}s), the excited electrons return to the ground state. Simultaneously, electromagnetic radiations (normally in the form of light in the UV-visible region) are emitted. The emitted radiations are analysed by means of spectrograph, which separates various wavelengths.\n\nIn Plasma Emission Spectroscopy, the exciting medium/ agent is plasma. The term `Plasma' in Physics means a very hot/ high temperature ionised gas, sometimes described as the fourth state of matter (the other three being solid, liquid and gas). In this method of sample analysis, a `Plasma Source' is the basic component. (Plasma Emission Spectroscopy is similar to Optical Emission Spectroscopy in principles but differs in mechanism. In OES, the sample excitation is done by electric arc or spark mechanism in the temperature range of 3000-5000 degrees Celcius. In PES, the temperature range is 7000-9000 {+o}C.\n\nThe sample solution or the analyte solution is supplied to the `Plasma Source' by a `Nebulizer' assembly. On reaching the high temperature (7000-9000 degrres Celsius) plasma, the solution attains this high temperature and all types of molecular bonds break down. Free atoms or ions (electrically charged atoms) are produced, which emit their characteristic spectra. A `Monochromator' assembly is in position after `Plasma Source' for isolation of the desired analyte line (or spectrum). The intensity of an analyte line is directly proportional to the concentration of that particular analyte (element being analysed) in the sample solution. The `detector & read-out' assembly gives us the concentration of the particular element in the sample. Modern instruments being computer controlled, the analysis is very fast and needs little operator skill. (Depending on the technique of production, plasma may be of three classes — viz., D.C. argon plasma, Microwave plasma and Inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The ICP is the most widely used due to mechanical simplicity and operational advantages.\n\nTherefore, plasma Emission Spectroscopy is the method of analysis of various elements in a sample, by passing the sample/ analyte solution through a plasma (high temperature ionised gas) source, thereby exciting the outer orbital electrons of the analyte with simultaneous emission of electromagnetic radiations (in the form of lights), which are analysed by means of a spectrograph, which separates various wavelengths of analytes in the sample.
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Li would expect to have the following electron configuration:\n\n1s2 2s1\n\nIn this case, the free (valance) electron is in an "excited" state.  Some energy had caused the electron to jump up to the 3p orbital.  Typical excited states are sigma to sigma* transitions for these electrons, this one has transitioned in a "sigma to pi*" manner.
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i do not know about an element but u do get dyes which will emit in the wavelengths u mentioned if excited by UV.
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The 4th state:\nThe 4th state of matter is called the plasma state, which is (in simple words) made of charged particles like electrons and ions. All ordinary stars are in the plasma state.\nThe 5th state:\nBeautiful filament-systems are often shown by the astonishing development of the modern astronomy. Most of these filaments have an exact circular cross section. Filaments have the same interesting characteristics from a diameter of 0.01 mm to that of many 1000 of light-years. Filaments are incorrectly seen to be of plasma, however, particles move in only one direction in them, often against gravity. In this non-thermal (fifth-) state of matter, particles have up to (10 to the power 16) -times higher energy than those in the hottest stellar plasma. The corona-problem and hundreds of other problems of astrophysics are solved at once.\nOnly six states of matter are possible (the zeroth state is of course the Bose-Einstein condensate state)!
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The density, the atomic structure, and the state of matter it is in.
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Differs from element to element.\n\nLow oxidation states have colours like green, higher ones are bluish.
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http://submarine.dyndns.org/~tofu702/Science/Physics_Book/PhysicsBookFull.pdf\n\nInduced absorption and stimulated emission in the ground state of a three-level atom\nC Mavroyannis 1992 Quantum Opt. 4 145-150   doi:10.1088/0954-8998/4/3/001\n\n   \n     PDF (237 KB) | References | Articles citing this article \n  \n   \n\nC Mavroyannis\nSci. Inst. for Molecular Sci., Nat. Res. Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada\nAbstract. Studies the competition between absorption and stimulated emission induced by two laser fields at low intensities interacting on a two-photon resonance with a three-level atom. The induced spectrum into the ground state consists of a peak whose height and asymmetry depend strongly on the detuning. The spectra arising from the emission of a laser photon by the excited state consists of two peaks describing stimulated emission and induced absorption, respectively, where the former dominates the latter for small values of the Rabi frequencies but for higher ones, they cancel each other out. \n\nPrint publication: Issue 3 (June 1992)\n\n\nPDF (237 KB) | References | Articles citing this article
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A molecule is made up of atoms.
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free state refers to that state of any substance , atoms or electron when it bears no effect of its surroundings. \n  generally substances are in there "ground state". if we change the surrounding it may come to excited state. \nafter normalizing the surrounding again we will get back our normal substance again.\n  but if the changes in surrounding is "enough" then it may come to free state where no change in surrounding can give us back our original substance.
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RED ... the color of passion. A very uplifting color.  Gives you energy.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_matter
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The color of a substance is based on the light that it emits, typically after absorbing photons from an external source.  The movement of electrons from one energy level to another is what is typically responsible for the light we see.  If you ionize a substance, you affect the energy levels that are available to an electron to be excited to, or relax down to, and hence you affect its color.
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A laser is composed of an active laser medium (gain medium) and a resonant optical cavity.\n\nThe gain medium transfers external energy into the laser beam. It is a material of controlled purity, size and shape, which uses a quantum mechanical effect called stimulated emission to amplify the beam. The gain medium is pumped by an external energy source, such as electricity or light (a flash lamp or another laser). The pump energy is absorbed by the medium, producing excited states. When the number of particles in one excited state exceeds the number of particles in some lower state, population inversion is achieved. In this condition, an optical beam passing through the medium produces more stimulated emission than the stimulated absorption so the beam is amplified. An excited laser medium can also function as an optical amplifier. \nThe light generated by stimulated emission is very similar to the input signal in terms of wavelength, phase, and polarization. This gives laser light its characteristic coherence, and allows it to maintain the uniform polarization and monochromaticity established by the optical cavity design.\nThe resonant cavity contains a coherent beam of light between reflective surfaces so that each photon passes through the gain medium multiple times before being emitted from the output aperture or lost to diffraction or absorption. As light circulates through the cavity, passing through the gain medium, if the amplification in the medium is stronger than the resonator losses, the power of the circulating light can rise exponentially.