What does a Cardiovascular basically do?
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular
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A mechanical heart is simply a pump. It pumps blood to the aorta and oxygenated blood from the lungs. \n\nJust like any mechanical device, a mechanical heart canmalfunction. If it truly is sticking, it will need to be cleaned up and lubricated. This will require an additional surgery. \n\nHis doctor will probably try some sort of blood thinner first, to see if the sticking valve can be freed up.
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electric pulses. everything in our body is controled by electricity. thats why you can start or stop a heart with electronic shock.
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if you have chest pain (angina), or have had previous heart bypass surgery then they may want to do cardiac catheterization to see if there are any blocked arteries. They can also see how the heart valves function, including mechanical valves, but often a cardiac ultrasound (Echocardiogram) is done first, as well as stress test (on a treadmill).
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The Circulation of Blood\n\nThe human circulatory system is really a two-part system whose purpose is to bring oxygen-bearing blood to all the tissues of the body. When the heart contracts it pushes the blood out into two major loops or cycles. In the systemic loop, the blood circulates into the body’s systems, bringing oxygen to all its organs, structures and tissues and collecting carbon dioxide waste. In the pulmonary loop, the blood circulates to and from the lungs, to release the carbon dioxide and pick up new oxygen. The systemic cycle is controlled by the left side of the heart, the pulmonary cycle by the right side of the heart. Let’s look at what happens during each cycle:\n\nThe systemic loop begins when the oxygen-rich blood coming from the lungs enters the upper left chamber of the heart, the left atrium. As the chamber fills, it presses open the mitral valve and the blood flows down into the left ventricle. When the ventricles contract during a heartbeat, the blood on the left side is forced into the aorta. This largest artery of the body is an inch wide. The blood leaving the aorta brings oxygen to all the body’s cells through the network of ever smaller arteries and capillaries. The used blood from the body returns to the heart through the network of veins. All of the blood from the body is eventually collected into the two largest veins: the superior vena cava, which receives blood from the upper body, and the inferior vena cava, which receives blood from the lower body region. Both venae cavae empty the blood into the right atrium of the heart.\n\nFrom here the blood begins its journey through the pulmonary cycle. From the right atrium the blood descends into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. When the ventricle contracts, the blood is pushed into the pulmonary artery that branches into two main parts: one going to the left lung, one to the right lung. The fresh, oxygen-rich blood returns to the left atrium of the heart through the pulmonary veins.\n\nAlthough the circulatory system is made up of two cycles, both happen at the same time. The contraction of the heart muscle starts in the two atria, which push the blood into the ventricles. Then the walls of the ventricles squeeze together and force the blood out into the arteries: the aorta to the body and the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Afterwards, the heart muscle relaxes, allowing blood to flow in from the veins and fill the atria again. In healthy people the normal (resting) heart rate is about 72 beats per minute, but it can go much higher during strenuous exercise. Scientists have estimated that it takes about 30 seconds for a given portion of the blood to complete the entire cycle: from lungs to heart to body, back to the heart and out to the lungs.\n\n^_^
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There are drugs that help 'clean' out arteries, but some are dangerous and not usually prescribed.  See a cardiologist.
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As discussed above, a heart attack is a process where an artery feeding the heart muscle with oxygenated blood becomes blocked or is obstructed, to the point where "infarction" occurs.  Infarction is deprivation of oxygen causing cell death.\n\nDifferentiating a "massive" heart attack verses a regular heart attack does not have any specific medical criteria.  Usually we talk about a massive heart attack in terms of the end outcome..."he had a massive heart attack and died"  or "he had a massive heart attack, he's in intensive care and its touch and go."  Now, why would one type of heart attack be minor and another be massive?\n\nAteries are like trees.  Large ones feed smaller branches, etc.  So a massive heart attack has to do how far upstream the artery is blocked, what the blocked artery feeds, the extent of the blockage, and amount of time it took before reprofusion was accomplished.  There are very large arteries that are the main arteries feeding others - Left Main and Left Anterior Descending, for instance.  The left side of the heart is the largest and the one responsible for pumping blood through the body.  So any artery feeding the left side heart function is critical.  \n\nIf its one of the two arteries mentioned above and its a complete blockage then death or mortal injury is very likely unless you are surrounded by medical people when it happens.  \n\nOn the other hand if a small artery is 85% blocked downstream and feeds the right side of the heart; then by blood test or EKG the person has had a heart attack, but might have walked around with it for days.\n\nAs you can see these are very different events - both heart attacks - one massive and one minor.
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. Structure and Functions of Blood Vessels \n  Structure Functions \nArteries The walls (outer structure) of arteries contain smooth muscle fibre that contract and relax under the instructions of the sympathetic nervous system.\n   Transport blood away from the heart;\n \n  Transport oxygenated blood only (except in the case of the pulmonary artery).\n \n \n \nArterioles Arterioles are tiny branches of arteries that lead to capillaries. These are also under the control of the sympathetic nervous system, and constrict and dialate, to regulate blood flow.\n   Transport blood from arteries to capillaries;\n \n  Arterioles are the main regulators of blood flow and pressure.\n \n \n \nCapillaries Capillaries are tiny (extremely narrow) blood vessels, of approximately 5-20 micro-metres \n(one micro-metre = 0.000001metre) diameter.\nThere are networks of capillaries in most of the organs and tissues of the body. These capillaries are supplied with blood by arterioles and drained by venules. Capillary walls are only one cell thick (see diagram), which permits exchanges of material between the contents of the capillary and the surrounding tissue. \n   Function is to supply tissues with components of, and carried by, the blood, and also to remove waste from the surrounding cells ... as opposed to simply moving the blood around the body (in the case of other blood vessels);\n \n  Exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, salts, etc., between the blood and the surrounding body tissues.\n \n \n \nVenules Venules are minute vessels that drain blood from capillaries and into veins. Many venules unite to form a vein.\n   Drains blood from capillaries into veins, for return to the heart\n \n \n \nVeins The walls (outer structure) of veins consist of three layers of tissues that are thinner and less elastic than the corresponding layers of aerteries.\nVeins include valves that aid the return of blood to the heart by preventing blood from flowing in the reverse direction.\n   Transport blood towards the heart;\n \n  Transport deoxygenated blood only (except in the case of the pulmonary vein).
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Yeah, increases heart rate, pulse, blood pressure. Not a reason to start, though.
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A heart is a pumping station, circulating blood is its main function. The idea is to utilize its throbs,synchronise God's name within. The constant repetition of God's name produces God's light. The heart,being a pumping station circulates the Light-oriented blood all over the body. As a result of thisnot only does the heart get enlightened but also the whole body.
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Cardio exercise  is running, cycling, aerobics, dancing\nanything that gets your heart pumping. it burns fat. As apposed to weight training which builds muscle.
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because the heart pumps the blood round your body which transports all the things you need to live (like oxygen and glucose). In an unhealthy heart this doesn't work as well so parts of your body aren't supplied properly.
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The heart is a double pump with four chambers, each separated by valves that only permit blood to flow in one direction. Basically, the right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
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In the human body, the heart is normally situated slightly to the left of the middle of the thorax, underneath the sternum (breastbone). It is enclosed by a sac known as the pericardium and is surrounded by the lungs. The apex is the blunt point at the base of the heart. A stethoscope can be placed directly over the apex and count the beats. In normal adults, its mass is 250-350 g, but extremely diseased hearts can be up to 1000 g in mass. It consists of four chambers, the two upper atria (singular: atrium) and the two lower ventricles.\n\nA septum divides the right atrium and ventricle from the left atrium and ventricle, preventing blood from passing between them. Valves between the atria and ventricles (atrioventricular valves) maintain coordinated unidirectional flow of blood from the atria to the ventricles.The ventricular systole consists of the contraction of the ventricles and flow of blood into the circulatory system. Again, once all the blood empties from the ventricles, the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves close. Finally complete cardiac diastole involves relaxation of the atria and ventricles in preparation for refilling with circulating blood.\n\nThe function of the right side of the heart (see right heart) is to collect deoxygenated blood from the body and pump it into the lungs so that carbon dioxide can be dropped off and oxygen picked up. This happens through a process called diffusion. The left side (see left heart) collects oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. On both sides, the lower ventricles are thicker than the upper atria.\n\nOxygen-depleted or deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium through two great veins, the superior vena cava which drains the upper part of the body and the inferior vena cava that drains the lower part. The blood then passes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the deoxygenated blood to the lungs, through the pulmonary artery. In the lungs gaseous exchange takes places and the blood releases carbon dioxide into the lung cavity and picks up oxygen. The oxygenated blood then flows through pulmonary veins to the left atrium. From the left atrium this newly oxygenated blood passes through the mitral valve (also called the bicuspid valve) to enter the left ventricle. The left ventricle then pumps the blood through the aorta to the entire body. Even the lungs take some of the blood supply from the aorta via bronchial arteries.\n\nThe left ventricle is much more muscular (1.3 - 1.5 cm thick) than the right (0.3 - 0.5 cm thick) as it has to pump blood around the entire body, which involves exerting a considerable force to overcome the vascular pressure. As the right ventricle needs to pump blood only to the lungs, it requires less muscle.\n\nEven though the ventricles lie below the atria, the two vessels through which the blood exits the heart (the pulmonary artery and the aorta) leave the heart at its top side.\n\nThe contractile nature of the heart is due to the presence of cardiac muscle in its wall which can work continuously without fatigue. The heart wall is made of three distinct layers. The first is the outer epicardium which is composed of a layer of flattened epithelial cells and connective tissue. Beneath this is a much thicker myocardium made up of cardiac muscle. The endocardium is a further layer of flattened epithelial cells and connective tissue which lines the chambers of the heart.\n\nThe blood supply to the heart itself is supplied by the left and right coronary arteries, which branch off from the aorta.
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I am surprised that this information is not in your textbook nor presented in your class.  Perhaps you should reread your materials.\n\nAnyway, ventricles are used to pump blood away from the heart.  Atriums received blood from the body and pass it to the ventricles.  Since these areas of the heart are right next to each other, the atriums do not have to work as hard.  This means that they require less muscle mass.  Ventricles move blood to the lungs and to the body.  The blood has a farther distance to travel and the ventricles need to apply more force.  This results in the ventricles having more muscle mass and, therefore, have thicker walls.
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The circulatory system comprises all structures that relate to the circulation of blood throughout the body.  This includes the heart, the aorta (main artery coming out of the heart), the major organ arteries, the smaller branch arteries going into the organs, arterioles (even smaller branch arteries), capillaries (fine, almost microscopic vessels where oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the organ), venules (small veins that start the return of blood away from the organ), small veins, larger veins, inferior vean cava (main vein from the lower 2/3 of the body), superior vena cava (main vein from the upper 1/3 of the body), and finally the heart again.  The circulatory system is essentially a closed plumbing system, driven by the beating of the heart.
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As you exercise, your heart pumps harder and faster to compensate for the increase in oxygen intake and removal of toxins in your body (i.e. breathing). If you have a weak heart, it might not be able to keep up, and it will either pump too hard, stop pumping entirely, or skip a beat and then tries to catch up, causing a major coronary.