what are the religious concerns of the early 16th century?
822682
Try this:\n\nhttp://www.stupidity.com/erasmus/eracont.htm
748754
began in England in the 17th century by people who were dissatisfied with the existing denominations and sects of Christianity
575875
He was a Puritan, which basically means anti-Catholic.  Charles I was being manipulated by his blatantly Catholic wife to tolerate Catholicism in England and he also adopted a type of "High Anglicanism", refering to the Anglican (English National) Church becoming increasingly catholic (involving elaborate ceremonies, gold, latin, etc.), and the Puritans believed in living a simple life.  \n\nBasically, it was a religious War
784619
Try these websites for information on early religious freedom:\n\nhttp://www.schechter.org/sager/colonywebpage/Connecticut/ctreligion.htm\n\nThe roots of religious freedom go back to the settlement of the colonies by the British in the 17th century. Not only England, but Europe as a whole, was still in a state of religious ferment caused by the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. Many of the early settlers were religious dissidents who came seeking a home where they would be free to practice their religion and worship as they desired. Several of the colonies were established as havens for specific sects and denominations. Several were, in fact, experiments in establishing a new form of governance based upon religious ideals. Plymouth Colony was founded by British Separatists. Massachusetts and New Haven (Connecticut) were established by Puritans favoring a reform of the Church of England along Congregationalist lines. Pennsylvania was founded as a Quaker experiment by William Penn and Maryland as a sanctuary for Catholics from Protestant England. Furthermore, believers who were persecuted within the newly founded colonial communities founded new settlements where they could worship freely. In the 1630’s, Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island based upon the principle of freedom of conscience and complete separation of church and state.\n\nhttp://www.religiousfreedom.com/wrpt/USrpt.htm
402300
Depends on religion, location, etc.
888005
Traditionally, the Church of England, as supported by the Royal Crown, held legal priority over all other demoninations. King James I had established the Anglican Church as the Church of England, and openly persecuted seperatists. Many of these seperatists fled to Holland, including those who settled in Leiden, to later become the Pilgrims of Plymouth Rock in 1620. When other seperatists groups followed, the Pilgrims drafted the Baptist Confession of 1612 to distinguish themselves. In this document, we find the first public claim for religious liberty.\n\nThe Puritans, on the other hand, didnt share such a libertarian view of religious freedom. The Puritans, believing the English Crown to be drifting towards Catholic tradition,feared the Crown would someday embrace Catholocism as the state religion. Therefore, in the New World, the Puritans defined religious freedom as their mandate to preserve Puritan ideals, and saw an alliance between religion and government as a way to maintain this purity. This inevitably led to a persecution of seperatists by Puritans, often using the alliance of religion and government to impose such persecution.\n\nReligion in England during the latter half of the sixteenth century (1550-1600) was divided into The Conformists, the Puritans, and the Separatists.  The Conformists claimed for the head of their church supreme power in the State as well as in the Church.  The Puritans were non-conformists within the established church, but objected to many of the practices and policies of the Church of England.  The Separatists did not recognize the established church.  Persecuted under Mary (1553-1558) and Elizabeth (1533-1603), they sought a place of religious freedom.  America would be that place.
500855
with Mughals if you meant Shake..\nIt was in 16th cebtury
221814
In the sixteenth century, Spaniards arrived on Philippine shores. One of their expressed aims for colonizing our islands was to Christianize the pagan natives. Many university students of today, however, no longer accept this. They believe that Spanish missionaries were instruments of a merchant empire with designs on cheap raw materials and the strategic ports of a Pacific archipelago.\n\nVarious consequences stem from the manner in which Christianity entered Filipino life. First, priests, nuns and church workers occupied social positions of power, as they were simultaneously loved, feared and revered by the local population. Second, the Spanish Catholic Church attempted to expand very rapidly throughout the archipelago. This resulted in the physical presence of church buildings and church networks even in farflung rural areas.\n\nWhen the Marcos regime became extremely abusive, the only other social counterbalance to the power and physical presence of the dictatorship was the Catholic Church. This occupied positions of influence not only in urban centers, but also in the countryside as well. More so, its physical presence throughout the country became convenient ad hoc centers of dissemination for information regarding political activities.\n\nThe politico-cultural impact of Christianity on Filipino liberation movements runs through history. What has come to life in our society is an integration of Western Christianity with the more deeply set spiritual orientations of an Asian people. As one psychologist writes, "During Spanish times, he (the Filipino) accepted Roman Catholicism whose saints fused beautifully with his belief in a spirit world . . ." (Bulatao, 1986).\n\nDuring four centuries of Spanish rule, pockets of peasant uprisings challenged the colonial authorities. Cultural themes in the popular religious book called the Pasyon inspired Filipino revolutionary activity (Ileto, 1979). Peasant leaders strongly identified with the image of the suffering Christ, whose death on the Cross was the ultimate sacrifice for the common good.\n\nWhen Marcos declared Martial Law in 1972, the ideas if the theology of liberation had begun to take root in the Philippines. Throughout the dictatorship, various liberation movements weaved in and out of a political worldview that combined transcendental ideas of man with more pragmatic Marxist-style outlooks. (Human Development Research and Documentation, 1982).\n\nCatholic bishops took longer than Church grassroots movements to respond to Marcos' regime (Quevedo, 1986). In the first ten years of Martial Rule, pastoral letters by the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) remained relatively non-committal. Later, a significant change took place. For example, its 1983 statements touch the most sensitive social issues of that year (Hardy, 1984).\n\nThe February Revolution of 1986 highlighted the marriage of religion with politics. Thousands of Filipinos faced the regime's tanks unarmed. The street revolutionaries had nothing but prayers and whispered calls to their Mother Mary to protect them from harm. Eventual victory was not only a historical moment of political change, but also "a profoundly religious experience" (Nebres, 1986).\n\nIn those momentous February days, faith-expression was a mixture  of Western Catholicism and folk culture. The Filipino's highly personalistic culture demanded that leadership emanate from persons physically present during the crisis. Throughout the four days at EDSA, there was the "personal participation of the Sto. Niño or the Blessed Mother leading the procession. It was all very Filipino" (Bulatao, 1986)\n\nThe Filipino concept of power blended well with Christian orientations to produce the EDSA victory. In our culture, there are two sources of social strength: lakas and awa. The first is possessed by the powerful; it is their capacity to get what they want because of politico-economic-military re
574957
In the 1530s, King Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church and established the Church of England. Several sects developed in the Anglican church. Some felt that church services led by clergymen was the appropriate was to worship and others believed that the path to God lay in prayer, faith and Bible study.\n\nIn 1620, due to religious persecution, the first Puritans - the Pilgrims - set sail for the New World. They set sail for Virginia but drifted way off course. The Puritans, afraid that the non-Puritans would protest their authority, signed a document that stated that just and equal laws approved by the majority would be binding on all - Puritans and non-Puritans alike. This document, known as the Mayflower Compact, greatly influenced the formation of the American government almost 150 years later.\n\nIn 1630, a second wave of Puritans came to the New World led by John Winthrop. The Puritans, believing that they had a special disposition with God to create a just and moral society, created a Christian-based society. As such, church and state were closely intertwined.\n\nPuritan laws were based on perceived morality of the time. Puritan laws criminalized "sins" like drunkenness, swearing, theft and idleness. Well-known Puritan laws included the hanging of witches and not working or traveling on Sundays. It was a crime to miss church on Sunday - church doors were even bolted shut during services to prevent anyone from leaving.\n\nAnd the famous "blue laws" of the United States are products of the Puritan legal code. Some of the longest lasting blue laws stated that grocery stores could not sell food on Sundays, but convenience stores could. On Sunday, you could purchase a painting - but not paint. You could buy a hammer, but not nails on Sunday.\n\nThis is just a brief insight into the legal thinking of the Puritans. Hope it helps!!
769854
Hi captain, I have got some thing for you which goes down to early history.\n\n" Charles only spared the lives of those Saracens[Muslims] who consented to be baptised, the rest he put to the sword."--[History of Charles the Great and Orlando, by Turpin, Vol-I, ch-ii, pg-5]\n\n"....460 years later, when the Holy land reverted to the Christian rule of crusading knight of Europe, the oriental Christians regretted the tolerating Govt. of the Arabian Khalifs."--[Rise and Fall of Roman Empire- GIBBON]\n\n"....A bloody sacrifies was offered by mistaken votaries to the God of the Christian resistance might provoke, but neither sage nor sex could mollify, thier implacable rage, they indulged themselves 3 days in a promisenous massacre. After 70,000 muslims had been put to the sword and the harmless JEWS had been burned in thier Synogogue, they could still reserve a multitude of captives whom interest or lassitude persauded them to spare."--[Rise and Fall of Roman Empire- GIBBON]\n\nThe critical Gibbon coclusively proves that, "...to his Christian subjects, Mohammad readily granted security of thier persons, the freedom of thier trade, the property of thier goods and the toleration of thier worship. This profitable principle of toleration was observed with more or less strictness, not only by all the immediate successors of the Prophet, but over the whole period of Arabic ascendency."--[Rise and Fall of Roman Empire- GIBBON] \n\nOn the other hand..........\n\n"....when Jerusalem capitulated to Khalif Omer, the inhabitants of the vanquished city were left in possesion of thier worldly goods, and allowed the freedom of worship. A special quarter of the city was allotted for the residence of Christian population with thier Patriarch and his clergy."--\n[Rise and Fall of Roman Empire- GIBBON]\n\n"....And Islam was tolerant not simply to the Jews but also to the Christians. The Christian church in muslim Spain was given large lands and considerable revenues, christian envoys were recieved with courtesy and allowed to take away relics of christian saints and martyrs from the muslim territory. GIBBON says in his Decline and Fall [of Roman Empire], that muslim rulers even transcribed an Arabic version of the canons of the councils of Spain for the use of BISHOPS in the Moorish kingdom. Haroon al-Rashid, the hero of the "Arabian Nights", planted in his kingdom a large number of schools, the head of these schools, his Director of Education, was a chritian named John."--[ The Spirit and Struggle of Islam by Prof. T.L.Vaswani, Ganesh & Co., Madras-1921]\n\nYou can judge it yourself as to whether muslims inflicted more violence or the Christians ? \n\nAnd you know about modern history and who is responsible for killing lacs of people in Hiroshoma and Nagasaki, Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan..
62059
http://www.usccb.org/nab/bible/\n\nI like how you said "Now that there are different versions of the book." Welcome to the 16th century.
1167808
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritans\n\ngood luck
456076
Both. The southern section was largely muslim with European-influenced Catholic populations in the northern regions during the early crusades, though the efforts of the Europeans would result in the spread of Catholicism throughout Spain.
817103
the burning times, when they burnt witches at the steak.\n\nthe crusades. (pretty much againse everyone)\n\nlook at their treatment of the Picts and gauls when the Holy Roman empire took over the British islands. \nthey had to build a wall acrost Britan to keep the picts out of roman occupied space. (Hadrians Wall)\n\nSalem witch trials. \n\nthe destruction of Sacred Druidic groves and the construction of Abby's and Churches on the same sites. \n\nthe Demonising of all of the Pagan gods. the Christian devil is a deranged mix and match of many or the more popular Pagan Gods. \n\nthe destruction of colture and the assimilation of holidays.\nChristmas, easter, and halloween are christian holidays that were placed on top of Pagan holy days in a direct attempt to substitute the colture. \n\nlook at the horrible things that they did to the Native Americans when they got here. they lied to them, cheated them. and then tried to exterminate them. they smashed and burnt sacred lodges and killed thousands. \n\neven today they are trying to have their beliefs forced on everyone else by trying to legislate their religion as a law of man.\n\nlook at all of the Christian political pressure to ban gay marriage and abortion. \n\nis this enough or do you need dates and places, e-mail me if you do.
1128236
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethan_era
322418
I think santaria is a very interesting example of religious syncretism between west african beliefs and catholicism.  I am not Catholic but I think if someone is true to Catholicism and the legitimacy of the pope then they would have to reject Santaria.  That is just my opinion though.  I find it very interesting how much variation there is in catholicism despite the authority of the vatican.
493851
1572---Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) observes a "new star." (See also here.) \n\n1582---Pope Gregory the 13th reforms the calendar. \n  1588   The "Spanish Armada," a fleet attacking Britain, is destroyed by the British navy and by storms. For the first time Britain is able to claim part of the American continent. \n  Europe and Asia are introduced to American crops--potatoes, tomatoes, corn. Europe´s diet is also gradually enriched by sugar, oranges and pepper, originating in India. \n1609---Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) builds the first astronomical telescope and observes for the first time craters on the Moon, satellites around Jupiter, and the way Venus goes through phases like the Moon (crescent, etc.) .\n\n1610 (approx) Sunspots and their rotation with the Sun were discovered independently by Galileo Galilei, Johann Fabricius (Holland) and Christopher Scheiner.   All used the recently-invented telescope, and Scheiner apparently introduced the safe method of projecting the Sun's image on a flat surface.\n\n---Johann Kepler (1571-1630), using Tycho's observations, formulates his first two laws of planetary motion (3rd law in 1619). \n   After a failed attempt (1586) to establish a colony on Roanoke Island, Virginia (now part of N. Carolina), Jamestown is founded in Virginia in 1607, and the first English settlers land in Massachussetts Bay in 1620 (the "Pilgrims"). \n  1618-1648---The 30 years' war. A century after Martin Luther broke away from the Roman church, a great religious war sweeps Europe, devastates Germany and establishes Sweden as a major military power. In the civil war in England, parliament suspends monarchy 1645-1660, king beheaded 1649.