Why did Newton term 'spectrum' to color separation that is gotten when white light goes through a prism
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Originally a spectrum was what is now called a spectre, i.e., a phantom or apparition.\n\nWhen white light is passed through a prism, colours 'appear' as if from nowhere, so this is where the link comes from
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A rainbow is produced when white light is split by differaction into light of different colours as it passes through raindrops. The colours that are produced are called spectrum. the colours in the spectrum are usually said to be red,orange,yellow,green,indigo and violet.
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It means that the experiment was to find out what colours were present in a food colour. Most colours are actually a mixture of colours which can be separated by TLC
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Perhaps it is because red light has the least energy of all the colors of the visible spectrum.  It has the longest wavelength, thus the slowest frequency, slower than that of blue or violet, for example.  I don't know for sure if this is the reason the materials are not sensitive to it, though.
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I can't remember exactly which of the theories it is (Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory or the opponent-process theory), I believe it's the opponent-process theory that explains it though. I'd have to do some figuring to explain it further since that was in the beginning of my AP Psych course.
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It is caused by electrons being emitted...(aka photons aka light) but certain metals give off certain colours according to their wavelenght...and according to the line spectrum....
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Newton's optics was based on light particles (photons). He could not have know about interference since no source of coherent light existed at the time for him to experiment with.
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The credit for formulating the principle of iridescence goes to Robert Boyle who was a contemporary of Isaac Newton in the seventeenth century. More than a hundred years later, interference was explained in detail by the English physicist Thomas Young.\n\nAccording to his definition, iridescent colour such as that produced from oil on water or from the skin of a soap bubble works in the following way. Very thin plates or films reflect some of the incident light waves from their mirror-like top surface. The unreflected light enters the film and travels on until it meets the lower surface where again some of it is reflected.\n\nThis reflected light wave from the bottom surface travels in the same direction as that reflected from the top surface and it eventually rejoins it. However, due to its journey within the oil film and to the reflection by the bottom surface, it may be out of phase with respect to the light wave reflected from the upper surface. The extent to which it is out of phase depends on the thickness and refractive index of the film, the angle at which the light strikes the film surface and also the wavelength of the incident light.\n\nIf the phase difference between the two waves is a multiple of exactly one full wavelength then the two waves will constructively interfere with each other and there will be a strong reflection of light at that wavelength.\n\nIf, however, the phase of the reflected waves differs by half a wavelength, or an odd multiple of half wavelengths, then the reflected waves are said to be completely out of phase and destructive interference will occur at that wavelength. This is manifested by a weak or absent reflection of light at that wavelength.\n\nIf the full spectrum of colours in the form of white light is incident, then for a given film thickness and refractive index only one colour is of the correct wavelength to satisfy the conditions for constructive interference. In other words, when white light is directed at the thin film, only one colour will be strongly reflected at a particular angle.\n\nIf on the other hand it is monochromatic light that is incident then the interference pattern will consist of a series of bright and dark bands of light.\n\nConstructive and destructive interference will be strongest, and the reflected colour purest, if the waves reflected from each surface have the same amplitude. This in turn relies on the refractive indices of, in this case, the air and the film and on the angle of incidence of the light onto the surface
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this guy explains it as easily as can be explained\n\nhttp://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/chem99/chem99297.htm
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The scientific answer is very long which involves dipole scattering, charged particles vector potential and much more.  There is a simple answer though.  Think of how prism works.  When a light hits the prism, what happens?  The answer is the prism breaks the white light into visible color, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet (these are the rainbow color).  Our atmosphere is filled with dust particles.  So when sun ray hits the particles in the atmosphere, it breaks the white light like the prism.  The color blue has the strongest wavelength out the rainbow colors.  Therefore, it effects more than the red and green wavelength, causing the surrounding air to appear blue.  But during the sunset, the sun light passes farther through the atmosphere causing them to deflect and decrease the blue color. So sunset appear to be red.
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Its all to do with the reflection orf light on concave and convex mirrored surfaces.\n\nSee this web page app. half way down for a more detailed explanation.\n\nhttp://www.mic-d.com/curriculum/lightandcolor/reflection.html
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Violet is a constituent of White Light\nThe Refraction of Light and Dispersion of lIght is in the pattern of VIBGYROR (V for Violet)
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I am not sure what you exactly mean by "seperated" in your question.\n\nAre you asking about how rainbows form?  or why we see distinct colors in the rainbow?\n\nTiny water droplets which remain in the sky can act as a prism when the sun hits them, bending and seperating light based on its wavelength.\nWhite light from the sun is actually made up of a continuous range of light of varrying wavelengths.  When the light enters a medium which is optically more dense, the light is bent...and some wavelengths are bend more than others.  This process of bending the light seperates the white light out into a continous spectrum of light ranging from red all the way to purple in the sky.  There are no absolute boundries in this spectrum where "yellow" begins and "orange" ends, it is all continuous...we have just defined light of a certain range of wavelengths to be called a certain color.
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Newton's rings are a fun demonstration of the wave nature of light, and also of the fact that white light is made up of many components of different wavelengths.
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Ordinary white light, like that from the sun, is made up of many different colors all of which have a different wavelength.  Normally, when we see light from the sun, it appears colorless.  However, Isaac Newton discovered in 1666 that when he passed regular sunlight through a prism (basically, a triangular piece of glass), the prism would split the light up into a band of colors. \n\nThe band of colors is called the spectrum which appears in the order of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. \n\nWhen it rains, the air is filled with raindrops.  These raindrops act like a prism.  If sunlight passes through the raindrops at the proper angle it is split into its spectrum, which is made up of the colors of the rainbow. \n\nYou can make your own rainbow at home by filling a plastic box with water and placing it near a sunny window.  If the wall next to the window isn’t white, place a piece of white paper next to the window.  Next, place a mirror inside the box of water facing the window.  The mirror needs to be tilted towards the sunlight.  The wedge of water in the front of the mirror acts as the prism and the mirror reflects and image of a rainbow on your wall
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All elements (atoms) absorb and reflect certain frequencies(colors) of light. This spectra can be used to identify the elements present in a sample of material even if it is a neutron star a billion light years away or a piece of lint on a table.
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It is refraction, which deals with specific properties of materials and the angle at which the light enters and exits the material.\n\nA prism in effect splits a ray of light in a manner that a really sharp knife could split a strand of hair.