whats the reason for chloroquine resistance in plasmodium falciparum?
607347
This is for your parasitology class, right.\nBasically, resistance to elimination by the plasmodium falciparum parasite is due to giving insufficient doses to the patient, thus helping the parasite build up a resistance to the chloroquine.\n\nThis is something to worry about with any parasite using any anti-parasitic.  \n\nAny person administering anti-parasitics to a patient must calculate the dosage correctly to avoid resistance to treatment.\n\nCorrect weight/%/dose calculation will guarantee the parasite will be erradicated successfully.\n\nInterestingly, we have the same problem with cockroaches in our dwelling places, what?
975388
Plasmodium parasites also undergo stages of development. There is a certain stage in their life cycle that they will have to go to a female mosquito body part to propagate and become the phase that is transmitted to humans through feeding. The same goes true also that female mosquitoes are the ones that bite and feed especially at night.Hope this helps. God bless
82493
Malaria means "bad air."  It is caused by a parasite of the genus Plasmodium. There are four species that cause it: P. vivax, P. ovale, P. falciparium, and P. malariae.\nThese parasites are injected into your body during the bite of a Anophelese mosquito, or they can be passed from mother to baby.  \nOnce in the body, the parasites infect your liver, then your red blood cells.  Infected cells become filled with young parasites and burst open - killing the cell in the process.\n\nAll I know about the treatment of Malaria is that it can cause a G-6-PD deficiency anemia in some genetically predispositioned folks.  Sorry.
831121
No.  As for being partially resistant to malaria...there are shots for that to make you 100% resistent.
443798
Two kinds of malaria P.vivax (up to 3 years) and P. ovale (up to 1 1/2 years) can relapse because both can form hypnozoites which can reactivate the parasite's life cycle. You can go here for more information. http://www.emedicine.com/PED/topic1357.htm The flu is not likely to be a trigger because it is a viral disease and malaria is not. There is another kind of relapse that doesn't involve hypnozoites in P. malariae that can occur up to 20 years after original infection. It is a very complex disease. You would do well to see a physician if you believe you may be relapsing. That's a much better choice than seeking medical advice here. Relapsing strains may be drug resistant.
549385
prettylade has an excellent answer here. \n\nI wanted to add that malaria is an infectious disease though and if you or someone you know has this,you are required to let your doctor know prior to examination. \n\nPrecautions can then be taken to prevent others from contracting the disease.\n\nYou are putting many other lives at risk of contracting the disease if you leave it untreated or if you don't make others aware that you know you have malaria.\n\nI sincerely hope that you are just asking this question out of curiosity and that you are healthy and well.
540677
Its the eosiniophils. They are responsible for counteracting parasitic infections. Don't listen to the others!! Im studying for a degree in microbiology and have jsut finnished a parasitology module!! You may also know them as acidophils.\n\nIf you don't believe me, check out somewehere like google or wikipedia, but im right.
440830
It may be possible that you have malaria.\nMalaria is caused by a parasite - plasmodium species and transmitted by mosquitoes.\n\nA malaria infection is generally characterized by recurrent attacks with the following signs and symptoms:\n~ Moderate to severe shaking chills \n~ High fever \n~ Profuse sweating as body temperature falls \n~ General feeling of unease and discomfort (malaise) \n~ Other signs and symptoms include:\nHeadache \nNausea \nVomiting \nDiarrhea \nFever\nPeople with malaria typically have cycles of chills, fever, and sweating that recur every 1, 2, or 3 days.\nAfter noting your symptoms and travel history, your doctor will likely obtain a sample (smear) of your blood for observation under a microscope. Two blood samples, taken at six- and 12- hour intervals, can usually confirm the presence of the malaria parasite and its type. It's possible to be infected by more than one plasmodium at the same time.\n\nOther infections may also cause this:\nInfluenza, Enteric (typhoid and paratyphoid) fever, Leptospirosis, Yellow fever, etc.\n\nYour doctor will take a proper history and conduct a physical exam to help properly diagnose you. He may conduct additional tests. It's a good idea to visit your doctor at the earliest. Hopefully it shouldn't be anything serious.
780761
Inseticide will find a resistent one...... and it will spread all around the world and evolvindo into Cockroachius Sapiens. \n\nSmash tem out (is possbile, burn, BURNN!!!) . There is no DNA/RNA to resist it. \n\nForget about kinder. We are predators.
188113
Malaria is a mosquito borne disease caused by the protozoan Plasmodium.The life cycle of malarial parasite comprises 2 phases namely the asexual phase in human & sexual phase in the female anopheles mosquito(Definitive host).\n\nIn the asexual phase,the parasite undergoes asexual multiplication in the liver & blood. Man acts as the intermediate host. Initially when an infected mosquito bites,the plasmodium is introduced into the humanbody in the form of Sporozoites.The sporozoites pass into blood stream & after, abt 30 minutes they disappear from the blood & reach the liver parenchymal cells(hepatocytes).\n\nInside the liver cells,the sporozoites become rounded. Their nuclei undergo repeated divisions & daughter nuclei are surrounded by the cytoplasm.This stage,the parasite is called Schizont.\n\nThe schizonts burst & release the merozoites.The liberated merozoites then invade the RBCs to start the erythrocytic schizogony(multiple asexual reproduction).In the erythrocytes the merozoites passes thro' 1.Signet ring stage 2.Amoeboid stage 3.Rosette stage 4.Schizoint stage. This results in malarial fever.
561294
Try here:\n\nhttp://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2004_Groups/Group04/Drug_Efficacy.htm
505238
Malaria is a tropical disease caused by a protozoa from the genus Plasmodium (falciparum, ovale, vivax), and transmited by mosquitoes. This disease is some times mortal and is common near wet forests. It causes fever, anemia and headache. There are drugs agains it for many years, but nowadays there is increasing Plasmodiums resistence against there drugs. There is also experimental vaccine, but not yet commercially available.
656182
Malaria is caused by the small protozoan, Plasmodium. Humans (or other hosts) become infected when bitten by\na female Anopheles mosquito. Sporozoite stages of the parasite are found in her saliva and are transmitted to the new\nhost’s bloodstream as she feeds upon them. From here, the parasites infect red blood cells and liver cells. The sporozoites\ndivide repeatedly by multiple fission (schizogeny) to produce thousands of merozoites. These then infect more red\nblood cells and divide again. The life cycle of Plasmodium is completed when these merozoites form male and female\ngametocytes. At night, the Anopheles mosquito may bite an infected human, ingesting these gameocytes. Inside the\nmosquito, the gametocytes fuse to form zygotes that burrow through the wall of the stomach and form cysts. Within a\ncyst, sporozoites form and eventually migrate to the salivary glands of the mosquito, ready to infect a new host.\nInfected cells eventually rupture, releasing the merozoites and their metabolic wastes into the bloodstream of the\nhost. This induces shaking, chills and a burning fever. These symptoms eventually subside but can recur when more cells break open with merozoites. If left untreated, the victim may develop enlargement of the liver and spleen, leading to\ndeath in severe cases.
691329
You get repeated infection with malaria either because you are living in endemic area where there are lotz of mosqutos so you can get a new infection every time\nor\nwhen you are infected with plasmodium vivax or plasmodium ovali there maybe a dormant stage for the parasite where it can reinfect you ( relapce) indogenously
725792
This is a guess, especially because I don't know what the diluent is made of, but maybe its because the viral coat is weaker and more susceptible to bursting without some sort of albumin present?\n\nGood luck.
475434
The spleen is the site for lymphocytes proliferation and immune surveillance. It is also responsible for blood cleansing. It extracts aging blood cells and platelets from the blood. It also stores some of the breakdown products of blood, like iron, for reuse. \n    I would think that since malaria is a parasite that enters the red blood cells, this is how it affects the spleen. It probably causes the spleen to clean out the infected cells which will cause the blood to have too few red blood cells, maybe causing something like anemia? this last part is only a guess though.
394899
the specific mutation of the hemoglobin chain creates a less friendly environment for the malarial protazoans.  scientist aren't quite sure yet what it is that makes it less friendly.  but because of this people in mediteranean and african areas are who have one copy of the faulty gene are more immune to malarial infections which will give them a greater chance to survive long enough to reproduce, thus increasing the prevalance of the mutated gene in the population.  natural selection, my friend.