ANSWER IT!...electron configrations?
604944
Electrons can only have certain energy levels.  These levels are determined by a set of mathematical laws.  Potassium has 19 electrons. The first 18 complete the lowest 3 energy levels (similar to the element Argon).\n\nThe only available position for the 19th electron is in the next higher (4th) energy level.  These is no "room" for it to "squeeze in" the lower level.
825846
Indeed; this has to do with atomic orbital structure. Atoms try to fill their outermost electron shell with electrons. All atoms will release energy when they accept an electron (this energy is called its electron affinity) and absorb energy when they free an electron (called the ionization potential). Atoms that are a few electrons short of filling their last shell (such as O, F, Cl and most of Group IIIA-VIIA on the periodic table) "will do anything" to fill this last shell, and will release a great amount of energy in the diatomic form (O2). Thus two single O atoms are not stable very long, they would immediately react to form O2 which is far more stable. O is so unstable it would even react with O2 to form O3 if it can't find another O atom.\n\nThe fact that some atoms "exist only" in diatomic form in nature does not mean it is impossible to single out an O atom. If you bombard O2 atoms with light that has a higher energy than the bond, you will break it. And, for a brief period of time, will have to single O atoms which will very quickly react with one another, or with another molecule to achieve stability.\n\nHope that helps; good luck with your studies.
332147
Those ions do follow Hund's rule, though. The d orbital looks like this:\n\n\n_________ ___________\n\n__**_______ ____*____ ___*____\n\nThe electrons are only paired when absolutely necessary.
893341
well if i am not wrong.. they work on the principle of thermionic emission... \n\nnow wat happens is ... at the cathode end ( negatively charged) there is a metal bit.. called emitter  and at the anode end( positive terminal) another metal called the receiver. the tube is vacuated and filled with gas, in this case a halogen vapour. \n\nwat happens is when a potential is applied, when we switch it on, the cathode emits electrons.\nthese electrons pass thru the vapours and ionise them. when ionised these gases emit energy in the form of light..\n\nthis is the explanation in the most condensed form... equations make it complicated for understanding... \n\nhope i did justice to ur query
786500
Here is what I got\nhttp://img.photobucket.com/albums/v628/kerahna/lewis.jpg\n\nPretend the Xs are all dots. I just draw Xs to keep track of which electron belongs to which atom. They are all the same.\nI haven't checked the formal charges yet, I'm going to do that now.\n\nEDIT: The formal charges are good.
948861
Ok, i am an electronics teacher, but it will be very lengthy and cumbersome to explain, because you have to go as deep as electrons and positive and negative charges, so i can advise you to go to www.wikipedia.com and you will find a satisfactory answer.
15546
Interesting scenario first of all i would like to comment. Well actually the bond is due to electronic forces. Hence mass has litle effect on the bond strength. Thus i thikn the effect of mass change should be a small one!! unless you change the charge of proton too!!
1015158
initailly it was believed that current flows from+ve to -ve. but actually its electrons moving from -ve to +ve. so it became - current flows from +ve to -ve (thoritically) electrons from -ve to +ve (actually)\n\nhope that answeres
193226
All atoms do this. The Noble gasses have the most stable electron configurations because they fill/do not have "open shells".\n\nFor example, Calcium's nearest noble gas is behind it, so it will LOOSE two electrons, since losing two is easier than gaining 6 to act like the next noble gas ahead of it, that's why you see Calcium as a 2+ ion. (Ca2+). Iodine, on the other hand needs to gain one electron (instead of losing 7) to be like it's nearest noble gas, so you get the ion of I-. For a metal like silver, it just has one "valance" electron, so you'll see silver as Ag+. Copper has two extra : Cu2+, Iron typically has 3 valance electrons so it make Fe3+
994144
You mean quantum teleportation? I can point you to some layman's sites explaining how it works. . . Keep in mind, you are only teleporting the state of the "matter" (the experiments I am aware of only move photon states, though in principle you could apply them to electrons and protons), not the energy itself. Also, entangling macroscopic quantities of matter with some stream that could teleport its state (making a copy at the other end) is currently an intractable engineering problem.
360137
the simplistic answer involves the electrons, protons and neutrons. the more complex answer contains up quarks, down quarks- which are the building blocks of protons and neutrons. \nThen if we think about it we have also got anti-matter, which is involved in bonding and so forth, and so must be around somewhere. positrons, anti-bonding orbitals, etc.
828272
You will find all the answers here:\n\nhttp://library.thinkquest.org/10429/high/eleconfig/electron.htm
895113
This is true in isolated atoms.\n\nIf we put them into the electric fields generated by nearby atoms, especially those of water of crystallisation, the energy levels can change and rearrange the electron orbitals.\n\nTo explain this to our satisfaction would mean solving the equations and getting the answers.  Unfortunately this is known as a many bodied problem and only the simplest of them can be solved.\n\nTake heart in the fact that the energy levels are so close together that we can glibly announce the fact and move on quickly to the next topic!
105737
Exchange electrons and protons to get balanced ? It's just my idea, I'm not sure at all though
113340
I will get you started on the exact answers to this, my friend.  But I am not going to do all your work for you.\n\nGo to http://myweb2.search.yahoo.com/search?fr=ks&p=paramagnetic+elements \n\nOnce you pull that up and start reading, it will lead to all the rest fairly directly.\n\nBe sure to groove on each definition to get the exactitude of it -- magnetic, paramagnetic, diamagnetic, etc.\n\nTry to learn something about the electron configurations involved.\n\nAll good things take some work, you will learn better if you do it yourself while taking notes.
480675
no. depending on the exact details its either inverse beta decay or electron capture. both release energy in very small amounts tho, in the form of radiation.
787388
Basically what this is referring to is the ionization of the atoms you have listed. this occurs when there is a shift in the distribution of the electron in the various bands 'orbiting' the nucleus of the atom, or a proton has been added to the nucleus. \n\nWhat the statement seems to be refering to is the creation of a positive ion (cation). If this is to occur it needs a shift in the distribution of the electrons in the shells. To move an electron from one band to another, or to excite one enough to be lost fully from orbit you will need a level of energy. \n\nIn the cases stated, I would say that 3.1eV is the minimum energy required to create a transition of an electron between the bands or to lose an electron and so create the ion. \n\nHope that helps.