what is a creatinine clearance?
600062
The creatinine clearance test compares the level of creatinine in urine with the creatinine level in the blood, usually based on measurements of a 24-hour urine sample and a blood sample drawn at the end of the 24-hour period. Clearance is often measured as milliliters/minute (ml/min).\n\nBecause creatinine is found in stable plasma concentrations, is freely filtered and not reabsorbed, and is minimally secreted by the kidneys, creatinine clearance is used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The GFR in turn is the standard by which kidney function is assessed.\n\nA 24-hour urine sample generally required. Occasionally, 6- or 12-hour urine collections can be done alternatively. The health care provider will instruct you, if necessary, to discontinue drugs that may interfere with the test.\n\nOn day 1, urinate into the toilet when you get up in the morning. \nAfterwards, collect all urine in a special container for the next 24 hours. \nOn day 2, urinate into the container when you get up in the morning. \nCap the container. Keep it in the refrigerator or a cool place during the collection period. Label the container with your name, the date, the time of completion, and return it as instructed.
1023632
Creatine is a natural enzyme found in all our bodies. In the aerobic respiration within our muscles, it gives us that initial jolt of energy without using up any ATP's. However, this only last for 15-20 seconds. Also, as long as you aren't taking the supplement then the baby won't be exposed to it.
429897
this is called the bioavailability of a drug. the aspirin is absorbed into the blood stream after being ingested, it enters the liver where it is broken down this is called 1st pass metabolism.  the remainder is utilised by the body the active ingredient.  the kidneys should not be excreting aspirin so u can not find out by this method.  most drugs have a certain calculated bioavailability so this is what you should be looking 4
399496
creatine really works at trapping water in ur muscles. and thats all it does tho. u should take it about an hour before u hit the weights.  results depend on the the FIT principle. frequency intensity and time
870301
How bizarre - presumably this is your gp that has given you this rather poor information?\nWhat you need to do is have your blood taken and your creatinine level checked.  Your creatinine should be at around 100.  If it is higher than 150 then you will need a referral to see a nephrologist who can organise for a GFR test which will show the exact amount of kidney funciton you have.\nTo say that someone has the kidney of an 80 year old is a load of old rubbish. You need to know exactly what percentage of function you have. What has caused any decline in function and what you can expect.  \n\nIt might be helpful for you to know that many people can survive their whole lives very happily on just one kidney.  I spent most of my childhood and teenage years with only 30% kidney function and lived a pretty normal life. It's also worth knowing that often when a kidney is damaged then it's function will continue to decline slowly over the years.  Healthcare for kidney patients is much improved from the old days.  There is a choice of dialysis - haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis - but it might be that you'll never even need either of these treatments.\n\nIf your kidneys are failing then it's likely that you would feel noticeably tired and sleep more.  When there is very little function left then you would start to feel very sick.\n\nI'm not very impressed with what your doctor has said. He's given you a really inarticulate diagnosis and not provided you with any of the information you might need.\n\nCheck out these site for more information:-\n\nhttp://www.kidneypatientguide.org.uk/site/contents.php\nhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/health/conditions/crf1.shtml\nhttp://www.kidney.org.uk/index.html\n\nI hope you are ok.
1114526
I'm very cautious about taking supplements for the same reason you are.  I always do as much research as I can before taking anything to make sure I know about all of the possible supplements.  Right now the only supplements I am taking are all considered food supplements, creatine being one of them.\n\nCreatine is produced naturally in your body, as well as acquired when you eat meat.  It is converted into phosphocreatine and then used to replenish ATP stores after they are used for energy.  By taking creatine supplementation you can increase your creatine stores and thus increase your workout capacity.\n\nCreatine is also known to cause cell volumization, as it causes the muscles to hold more water. Note that this is different the water retention, as water retention is when water is retained on the outside of the cells, causing the muscles to lose definition and look smoother. Cell volumization pulls the water into the cells and causes the muscles to look harder.  There are also studies that have come to light recently that show that cell volumization can make protein synthesis more productive. In theory this could mean that creatine could directly help you build muscle, but more research needs to be done to prove this effect.\n\nCreatine is also a very safe substance to supplement. While there are rumors of some side effects, such as muscle cramping, kidney problems, etc, no studies have actually proved these to be actual risks. One possible risk is the down regulation of the creatine transporters due to oversupplementation, but if you follow the recommended guidelines you shouldn't have to worry about that effect. To be safe you should actually take less creatine than most manufacturers recommend, though. Studies have shown that your body can absorb a lot less than most companies suggest you take anyway. They have found that your body is unable to absorb more than 3-5 grams of creatine per day after you have finished loading. To top that off, after working out you are capable of absorbing up to 10% more than your normal maximum capacitiy. They estamate that you only use 3% of your creatine stores when you don't work out. That means that if you are fully loaded and then take creatine after working out you will have more creatine than you body can obsorb for the next 3-4 days or until you work out again. Bottom line: after loading it is only necessary to take creatine after working out. I only take about 5 grams after I work out to replenish the creatine I have used.
455154
Tubular reabsorption is a way to save things the body needs. The kidneys initially dump things from the blood into the glomerular filtrate (precursor to urine), then reabsorb some of it. Mostly water and salt, but also other ions and molecules such as folate. So, A's wrong.\n\nCreatinine is NOT reabsorbed in the tubules, although in very young (especially premature) neonates some of it does leak back across. So, B's wrong.\n\nAh, thanks for the extra info. The answer is C. Tubular absorption is both active and passive, but mostly active, and also D is internally wrong in that passive means NOT using ATP energy.
976936
CrCl = (Urine Cr x Urine Vol) / (Serum Cr x 1440)
1096289
Yes,  it can.  Thats why you rarely see it packaged in a liquid enviroment. Liquid creatine is garbage. Creatine Ethyl Ester is more stable with less conversion. See bodybuilding.com a lot of clients tried this and do not get dumping syndrome or bloat. ( dumping syndrome is when creatine turns into creatinine in your gut in 10 - 30 minutes and you get diarrhea. Your body sees it as a poison and pools water into the intestines.) My clients like the results.Plus more creatine gets into the muscle. I hope you get great pumps and endurance.
1082486
Glomerular capillary filtration is sensitive to ionic charge of a compound being passed through it. this is why complex proteins become trapped in the basement membranes and appear as electron dense deposits in tissue sections examined by electronmicroscopy. ionic charge of lipid is repelled
466265
a major cause will be the damage to muscles, when the surgeon has cut through them, then there is creatinine released in the blood,\n\njust like people with a lot of muscles, who will have naturally a highter serum creatinine
169419
Dialysis tubing is tubing with a semi-permeable exterior, thus allowing the osmosis of small molecules, such as water, through its wall, while preventing larger molecules such as starch and proteins from passing through. It is used as a filter for dialysis.\nTypically a solution of several types of molecules is placed into a semipermeable dialysis bag, such as a cellulose membrane with pores, and the bag is sealed. The sealed dialysis bag is placed in a container of a different solution, or pure water. Molecules small enough to pass through the tubing (often water, salts and other small molecules) tend to move into or out of the dialysis bag, in the direction of decreasing concentration. Larger molecules (often proteins, or polysaccharides) that have dimensions significantly greater than the pore diameter are retained inside the dialysis bag.
735646
The question is not what diet but what medications should he be on and how should the kidney function be measured.  Kidney function declines about 1% per year in healthy people.  Microscopic amounts of albumin in the urine precede elevations in creatinine.  Meds called ACE inhibitors and ARBs improve kidney function and slow further decline.  Both diabetes and hypertension predispose to kidney failure and the combination increases this risk.
349045
Taking creatine should not be a problem. Creatine does nothing that would complicate your condition. Just don't overdo it; that goes for all creatine users. Your body only needs 3-5g of creatine phosphate per day, and in in the interest of keeping your system stable, do not follow the loading period sometimes recommended on the packaging - just start right off with the maintenance dose.\n\nA little background about creatine for those who are interested: creatine phosphate provides a quick way for muscle cells to regenerate ATP, the universal cellular energy source. However, creatine stores are depleted rapidly, usually within a few seconds tops. As far as comparisons to other athletic supplements, creatine usage is not considered doping and honestly is not anything to worry about. In fact, your liver actually makes a small amount of creatine, and for those of you who eat meat, you get a gram or two of the stuff from your diet everyday. You would get more, but cooking food denatures creatine to creatinine, the waste product of creatine. Your body is designed to absorb up to 3-5g daily from dietary intake though, so that is why supplementing with creatine will help most short-burst athletes. A quick final note about dosing: taking more than 5g per day will not give you any added benefits, and will only put your kidneys into overdrive.
744722
lab test for kidney disease: albumin, calcium, creatinine, estimated GFR, creatinine clearance, electrolytes, erythropoietin, microalbumin, parathyroid hormone, phosphate, potassium, prealbumin, renin, urinalysis, urine culture, vitamin D\n\nlab test for liver functions: Liver panel, AST, ALP, ALT, Albumin, Bilirubin, PT, AFP, Total protein
875080
"Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate or PCr, is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that is an important energy store in skeletal muscle. It is used to generate ATP from ADP, forming creatine for the 2 to 7 seconds following an intense effort. This reaction is reversible and it therefore acts as a spatial and temporal buffer of ATP concentration. Phosphocreatine plays a particularly important role in tissues that have high, fluctuating energy demands such as muscle and brain. Creatine phosphate is synthesized in the liver, and transported to the muscle cells for storage."
995230
When taking supplements, you should always follow the manufacturer's directions.  The only time this isn't true is if you are under instructions from a physician to use the product differently.  \n\nHowever, it might help you to know all creatine monohydrate does is cause your body to store extra water in your muscles, it doesn't actually increase muscle mass (so you're paying for an illusory effect when you take it).