Explain the three processes necessary to form a clastic sedimentary rock?
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Sedimentary rock is one of the three main rock groups (along with igneous and metamorphic rocks) and is formed in three main ways—by the deposition of the weathered remains of other rocks (known as 'clastic' sedimentary rocks); by the deposition of the results of biogenic activity; and by precipitation from solution. Sedimentary rocks include common types such as chalk, limestone, sandstone, clay and shale. Sedimentary rocks cover 75% of the Earth's surface. Four basic processes are involved in the formation of a clastic sedimentary rock: weathering (erosion), transportation, deposition and compaction.\n\nSedimentary rocks are formed from overburden pressure as particles of sediment are deposited out of air, ice, or water flows carrying the particles in suspension. As sediment deposition builds up, the overburden (or lithostatic) pressure squeezes the sediment into layered solids in a process known as lithification ("rock formation") and the original connate fluids are expelled. The term diagenesis is used to describe all the chemical, physical, and biological changes undergone by a sediment after its initial deposition and during and after its lithification, exclusive of surface weathering.\n\nSedimentary rocks contain important information about the history of the Earth. They contain fossils, the preserved remains of ancient plants and animals. The composition of sediments provides us with clues as to the original rock. Differences between successive layers indicate changes to the environment which have occurred over time. Sedimentary rocks can contain fossils because, unlike most igneous and metamorphic rocks, they form at temperatures and pressures that do not destroy fossil remnants.\n\nThe sedimentary rock cover of the continents of the Earth's crust is extensive, but the total contribution of sedimentary rocks is estimated to be only five percent of the total. As such, the sedimentary sequences we see represent only a thin veneer over a crust consisting mainly of igneous and metamorphic rocks. These rocks are very useful for building and architecture.\n\nYou can get more information at following link\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock
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1. Shale\n2. Sandstone\n3. Siltstone \n4. Conglomerate\n5. Breccia\n6. Arkose\n7. Chert \n8. Claystone\n9. quartz sandstone\n10. Halite
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The rock cycle is the continuous movement of rock from one type to another. These processes occur over long amounts of time. All rock started out as igneous. From there, rock can then become sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous again in any order.\n\nIgneous --> Sedimentary:\nIgneous rocks break down through weathering processes. The broken down rock becomes sediments which are deposited by wind or water. Layers of sediment build up on top of each other. Pressure, along with dissolved minerals, help to "glue" the rock together.\n\nSedimentary --> Metamorphic ("change form"):\nIf the pressure is great & enough heat is applied, metamorphism can occur. This causes the rock to become more compact & dense. If too much heat is applied then the rock will melt. See below.\n\nMetamorphic --> Igneous:\nIf heat is applied to the point of melting, the rock will go though the igneous phase again.\n\n:)
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There are three basic types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.\n\nIgneous rocks are formed from molten magma or lava. Igneous rocks vary greatly in grain structure and size, depending upon how quickly the magma or lava cooled. An example of an igneous rock is obsidian.\n\nSedimentary rocks are formed when layers of sediment are compacted by pressure. They are often composed of fragments of materials derived from other rocks and minerals, especially quartz.\n\nMetamorphic rocks occur when igneous, sedimentary, or previously-formed metamorphic rocks are submitted to extreme heat or pressure beneath the earth's surface, changing their structure and appearance. They often exhibit "foliation" or color banding when mineral crystals are elongated due to pressure. An example of a metamorphic rock is slate.
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Sedimentary rock, for the most part, is created from sediment in large bodies of water.  The large land masses that are coated in sedimentary rocks were once the beds of large bodies of water.
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1. Continental drift or plate tectonics.\n\n2. Horizontal fault line.
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the simplest explanation is as follows:\n\n* igneous rocks are formed when molten lava is erupted on to the earth's surface and cools. i.e. basalt lavas. \n\n* sedimentary rocks are formed when other rocks (possibly igneous, metamorphic or previous sediemtnary rocks) are eroded chemically or physically and are then redeposited. i.e. sandstones and mud stones.\n\n* metamorphic rocks are formed when other rocks (igneous or sedimentary typically) are buried and then exposed to high temperatures and pressures that change the properties of that rock. i.e. marble - metamorphosed limestone.
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Rocks can be divided into three key different groups, which you will need to know for chemistry and geography exams.\n\nThey are:\n- igneous\ne.g. volcanic rocks\n\n- sedimentary\ne.g. those laid down by the action of water, like limestone\n\n- metamorphic\ne.g. those that have been subject to many different processes within the earth and been changed as a result
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Igneous rocks are formed with heat. They are most commonly found around volcanoes. Metamorphic rocks are formed with heat and pressure. Sedimentary rocks, like sandstone and limestone, are formed by pressure.
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These are examples of cements that make sedimentary rocks:\n\nIn sandstone:\n1. quartz (probably most common)\n2. carbonate (calcite, siderite, ferroan dolomite, etc)\n3. analcime\n4. chlorite\n5. anhydrite/gypsum\n6. halite\n7. illite/kaolinite (generally are replacement minerals but can act as cement)\n8. feldspar (authigenic)\n9. hematite\n\nThere are probably dozens more. Any mineral that is soluble in water can precipitate out and form a cement. Most commonly this will be quartz or some type of carbonate, but most of the above I mentioned are fairly frequent. \n\nIn limestone and dolomite the cements are generally calcite/dolomite, but fractures often exhibit zonation with siderite and ferroan dolomite filling the fractures as later cements. Rarely, carbonate hydroxyapatite (dahllite) cements phosphate bearing limestones.\n\nI'm a petrographer.
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This is a great way to begin understanding the different forces that shape the land.  It is important to remember how the rocks came to be found, Metamorphic rocks from Michigan that may have been dug up from a deep quarry or found on the surface exposed by glacial action.  In N Carolina they could be sedimentary rocks exposed by water erosion.  In Florida they could very likely be calcium carbonate deposited by ancient coral reefs.  A simple understanding of these and other rock forming processes would make a prize winning 4th grade report.  Good Luck!
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First off sedimentary rock is necessary for oil and gas formation. A known anticline (hill shaped folding),  is necessary for the entrapment of the oil and gas.  The rock needs to be old enough for the oil and gas forming to occur. Your not going to find alot of oil in gas in quaternary or tertiary rock. I live in an area known as the Bradford oil field and the rock age here is mainly Devonian. \n\nMany paleoentologists are being employed these days in this field of oil exploration. A core or test sample is drilled and brought to the surface and from the fossils found a determination can be made if this is a possible site for oil. (2 cent version)
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It is quite simple really. There is no 'theory' as some of the posts have indicated. The earth is composed of a number of large plates, which move constantly (the Pacific Ocean today is spreading at 4-5 cm per year). As these plates move, they sometimes slide under one another. As this happens, the upper plate is lifted. This moves rock that was deposited in an ocean environment slowly upwards and often to the top of mountains. The process takes millions of years, so it is likely the rocks that contain the shells on the top of the mountain your husband refers to are tens of millions of years old, or older. \n\nA perfect example is Mount Everest, which has carbonate rocks (with shells) at the peak. Other examples are many parts of the Rocky Mountains in North America, and the Alps in Europe. The Sierra's in California also contain carbonate rocks in many places that did in fact originate in what is now the Pacific Ocean. It is not rare and not mysterious or theoretical. \n\nThe names of these processes, in case you want to learn more, are plate tectonics (previously called continental drift), subduction (one plate under another), orogeny (mountain building), and carbonate sedimentology( deposition of carbonate rocks).  I'm including some links with basic explanation of the concepts. \n\nAnimated illustrations of plate tectonics:\nhttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/tectonics.html\n\nIllustration of subduction:\nhttp://www.platetectonics.com/book/page_12.asp\n\nOrogeny:\nhttp://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/platetec/orogeny.htm\n\nCarbonate sedimentology (great pictures of carbonates in mountains (sea shells):http://epswww.unm.edu/sed/home.htm\nOther carbonate sedimentology links:\nhttp://www.unige.ch/sciences/terre/geologie/w_groups/carbonate_sedimentology/webmain.html\n\nIf you want to see my explanation for how sea shells form in the ocean go to this question:\nhttp://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;_ylt=AiyMjODIRNiCqQ3uGA0_ICPsy6IX?qid=1006011004317
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I am not sure I understand your question so I will answer it two ways. Fossils are found in sedimentary rock because they originate as living organisms, and their remains will be carried away or buried by the same processes that create sedimentary rocks. Windblown sand will build and move sand dunes, moving water will transport sediment, gravity will cause piles of rock to build up at the base of mountains, and all sorts of sediment and remains will settle to the bottom of the sea. All are possible sedimentary rocks. Since igneous rocks were once melted, and metamorphic rocks undergo chemical changes from heat and pressure, it is not possible to find fossils in these rocks. \n\nMy second answer is how sedimentary rocks (and fossils) end up in layers. Many of the processes that move the sediment, like wind, flowing water, and some gravity driven events, only happen periodically. Storms create windstorms, heavy rainfall causes rivers to flood, and often things like heavy rain will trigger a sudden landslide. These events are distinct, and each one will create a new layer of deposits somewhere. Another way these layers are created is that rivers will often change course due to changes in flow. This will cause areas that have accumulated sand to now be covered by silt or shale when the river overflows its new channel. As the river builds a delta outward into the ocean, the part of the delta where the river first meets the ocean will deposit sand, while clays and silt are carried further out into the ocean. This will create layers of shale that are later covered by sand. Within each of these layers fossils of any organism that died while those were being deposited will be trapped, and the fossils in turn can be used to calculate the age of those deposits. Every layer of a sedimentary rock represents some event in the history of the earth. \n\nIn limestone, which has a very high content of fossils, the reason for this is that the limestone is built by the accumulation of the body parts left behind by those organisms. The fossils in limestone may not be transported at all, and instead may be in same place the organism lived (in relation to the immediate rock). Layers in limestone are more often created by rising and falling of sea level. As sea level raises many organisms that end up as limestone will die off. They will then be covered by a layer of sediment falling from the overlying water, and if sea level drops again, new organisms will begin to colonize the shallower water and build another layer of limestone.
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3 main types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
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Classification \nClastic \nBiogenic \nPrecipitate \n\nread and learn --> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock#Classification
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rock refers to solid mineral deposits. Rocks are minerals, but not all minerals are rocks.\nSome minerals, given time and circumstance, form solid deposits. These solid mineral deposits are known as rock. Pressure, temperature, erosion, and friction are forces that effect the formation of rocks. The rock formation process allows geologists to classify rocks into three groups: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Sedimentary rock forms when layers of "sediment" (small particles of solid minerals like sand and pebbles) fuse together over time under the force of water or wind. Sedimentary rock is commonly found in and near riverbeds and streambeds. Igneous ("fire-formed") rock forms after minerals are heated to extremely high temperatures and then allowed to cool.