Who built the Panama Canal and when?
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The United states Army corp of Engineers was the major builder, with lots of help from panamanieans and americans alike. It was built in the early 1900's (1904-1914)
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Ferdinand Magellan was dubbed the "discoverer" of the Philippines after he landed on the island of Homonhon, near Samar, on March 17, 1521. He claimed the islands in the name of King Philip II of Spain and named them Felipinas, the Philippines. He was later killed in Mactan Island of Cebu in a clash with native warriors led by a chieftain named Lapu-lapu.
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Christopher Columbus (October 30, 1451? – 20 May 1506) was an explorer and trader, who crossed the Atlantic Ocean and reached the Americas on October 12, 1492 under the flag of Castile. History places great significance on his landing in America in 1492, with the entire period of the history of the Americas before this date usually known as Pre-Columbian, and the anniversary of this event, Columbus Day, being celebrated in many parts of America. Although there is evidence of Pre-Columbian trans-Atlantic Ocean European contact, Columbus is commonly credited as the first European to see the Americas because of the profound impact his contact wrought on history. His voyage marked the beginning of European exploration and colonization of the Americas.\n\nIt is generally assumed he was Genoese. However there is no solid evidence of this and historians claim he could have been born in other places, from the Crown of Aragón to the Kingdoms of Galicia or Portugal, or in the Greek island of Chios, among others. His birthname is also unknown; see the section on Columbus' national origin for a discussion of his origin and names.
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Panama\n\nNote that this is also the southernmost country in North America, since Central America is part of North America.
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An objective analysis of the effect of constructing a sea-level canal across Central America is attempted. This canal, unlike the present Panama canal, has not been built, though it is a feasible proposition. The canal would run almost north-south, and would be 50 miles long. Proposed routes are noted; these resulted from a joint study by the US Army Corps of Engineers, the Atomic Energy Commission and the Panama Canal Co. in 1964. Extracts from their report are reproduced. In evaluating the report, the author takes account of some biological and physical features of the area, with particular attention to the potential effects of allowing mixing of Atlantic and Pacific biotas. The work of the Committee of Ecological Research for the Interoceanic Canal (CERIC), established to investigate the possible effects of building the canal, is reviewed. Finally, an alternative plan, involving the construction of a third, larger, set of locks on the present canal is presented, and the author concludes with the hope that ecological impact of canal building will be given as much attention as economic etc. when the decision to build, or not to build, the new canal is taken.
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Magellan, Ferdinand (1480?-1521), Portuguese-born Spanish explorer and navigator, leader of the first expedition to circumnavigate, or sail completely around, the world. He was born in northern Portugal.\n\n  \n\nMagellan’s Voyage Portuguese sea captain Ferdinand Magellan and his crew were the first Europeans to sail around the world, proving that the world was round. From 1519 to 1521 Magellan, with five ships and a Spanish crew of about 250 men, searched for a western route to the Moluccas, or Spice Islands. He was killed on April 27, 1521 when he interfered in a dispute between indigenous people in the Philippines. Only two of his ships continued to the Spice Islands. The two ships then made separate return voyages, and only one, commanded by Juan Sebastián del Cano, completed the trip back to Spain.© Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. \nExpand \n \n\nFerdinand Magellan Quick Facts © Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. \nExpand \n \nMagellan set out to reach the East Indies by sailing westward from Europe, which no one was sure could be done. He intended to return by the same route, but after his death his crews found that the prevailing winds required them to keep sailing west, around the world.\n\nII  EARLY LIFE \n\nMagellan was born Fernão de Magalhães to a noble Portuguese family; later the Spanish knew him as Fernando de Magallanes. He served as a court page in his youth, and in 1505 he sailed with a fleet carrying the first Portuguese viceroy to India. He then served with the fleet in the exploration and conquest of the East Indies. Twice wounded in battle, he took part in expeditions that captured the kingdom of Malacca (Melaka) in the Malay Peninsula of southeast Asia. He explored the islands of present-day Indonesia as far east as the Moluccas, or Spice Islands. By 1510 he was promoted to the rank of captain.\n\nIn 1512 Magellan returned to Portugal, and in 1513 he battled the Moors in Morocco. He was wounded again and left with a permanent limp. Soon afterward he lost favor with King Manuel of Portugal, probably because of charges of financial irregularities while he was in Morocco. The king canceled a promotion Magellan had received for his valor against the Moors and later denied his request for a fleet to prove that the Moluccas could be reached by sailing west.\n\nIII  THE PLAN FOR THE VOYAGE \n\n Magellan believed there was a \npassage to the west through or \naround South America. \n\nMagellan renounced his Portuguese citizenship and in 1517 went to Spain to seek support for his plan from King Charles I (later Holy Roman Emperor Charles V). Magellan believed there was a passage to the west through or around South America. Such a passage would be of great value to the Spanish, who wanted a share in the lucrative trade in spices from the Moluccas. Portugal controlled the eastward route to the East Indies, around Africa’s Cape of Good Hope, and would not allow Spanish ships to pass.\n\nMagellan offered an additional argument to the king. The 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal had divided the world between the two powers. The Portuguese hemisphere was east of a north-south line that ran through Brazil. The Spanish half was west of the line. However, the position of the line on the other side of the globe was unknown. Magellan argued that at least some of the Moluccas might lie within the Spanish hemisphere. The only way to be sure was to measure the distance around the earth by sailing west to the Moluccas, since their distance from Spain by the eastern route was known.\n\nIV  START OF THE EXPEDITION \n\nMagellan won the king’s approval for his voyage. A fleet of five vessels was outfitted and sailed from Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain, with about 250 men on September 20, 1519. Magellan sailed through familiar waters along the west coast of Africa and then south to the equator. There the fleet turned south-southwest and crossed the Atlantic to a point near Recife in
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Madam, I'm Adam\n\nor...\n\nA man, a plan, a canal - Panama?
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present a timeline of mexican colonization by europeans
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Marco Polo (September 15, 1254, Venice, Italy; or Curzola, Venetian Dalmatia - now Korčula, Croatia — January 8, 1324, Venice) was a Venetian trader and explorer who, together with his father Niccolò and his uncle Maffeo, was one of the first Westerners to travel the Silk Road to China (which he called Cathay) and visited the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis Khan).\n\nThis means that he was probably from Venice or Curzola(now in Croatia). Neither have been corroborated by historical evidence.\n\nThe main source of his family's income was a golden tablet (or paiza in Chinese, gerege in Mongolian) a foot long and three inches wide and inscribed with the words (Left Fig.): "By the strength of the eternal Heaven, holy be the Khan's name. Let him that pays him not reverence be killed." This tablet was given to his family by Kublai Khan
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The First Transcontinental Railroad was authorized by the Pacific Railway Act of 1862 and heavily backed by the federal government. The building of the railway required enormous feats of engineering and labor in the crossing of plains and high mountains by the Union Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific Railroad, the two privately chartered federally backed enterprises that built the line westward and eastward respectively.
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They built pyramids and invented the river.
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The sun rises and sets in the normal directions at the Panama Canal.  Because of it's location and position, the Atlantic Ocean is north of the canal and the Pacific Ocean is to the South.  The Atlantic port is west of the Pacific port. (The Atlantic Ocean is west of the Pacific) This is what some people are thinking of when they think that east and west are reversed at this location.
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Here you go darlin have fun translating\n\n1.)Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) was an Italian explorer who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, hoping to find a route to India (in order to trade for spices). He made a total of four trips to the Caribbean and South America during the years 1492-1504\nThe First Trip set sail on Aug. 3, 1492 from Palos, Spain, and on October 11, 1492, spotted the Caribbean islands off southeastern North America. They landed on an island they called Guanahani, but Columbus later renamed it San Salvador.\nOn a second, larger expedition (Sept. 25, 1493-June 11, 1496), sailed with 17 ships and 1,200 to 1,500 men to find gold and capture Indians as slaves in the Indies. On a third expedition (May 30, 1498-October 1500), Columbus sailed farther south, to Trinidad and Venezuela (including the mouth of the Orinoco River)On his fourth and last expedition (May 9, 1502-Nov. 7, 1504), Columbus sailed to Mexico, Honduras and Panama (in Central America) and Santiago (Jamaica). Columbus is buried in eastern Hispaniola (now called the Dominican Republic). \n\n\n\n2.)Francisco Pizarro (1478-1541) was a Spanish conquistador who traveled through much of the Pacific coast of America along Peru. He "discovered" the Incan empire and conquered it brutally and quickly, stealing immense hoards of gold, silver, and other treasures. \nPizarro landed at San Mateo Bay in 1532. After traveling through desert and snow-capped mountains, Pizarro and his men (who included Hernando de Soto) arrived at Cajamarca (in 1533), where they captured Atahuallpa, the 13th and last emperor of the Incas. Atahuallpa had just won a civil war against his half-brother (Huáscar), and had executed Huáscar and his family. Atahuallpa had invited Pizarro to a celebratory feast, thinking that the Spanish were not much of a threat. Pizarro ambushed Atahuallpa and killed thousands of his men. Atahuallpa offered a huge ransom for his own release, but Pizarro took the treasure and had Atahuallpa strangled on Aug. 29, 1533; this was the end of the Incan empire. \n\nAfter looting and generally destroying the Incan capital of Cusco, Pizarro founded Lima (which he called Ciudad de los Reyes, which means "City of the Kings"). Pizarro was assassinated in Lima, Peru, in 1541, by followers of Pedro de Almagro (Cortes' captain) who wanted to seize Lima for its riches. \n\n3.)Da Gama was born to a noble family in Sines, Portugal. Da Gama's father Estavao was also an explorer. He was to have made the sea voyage from Portugal to India that eventually made his son famous, but the elder da Gama died before completing the journey. \n\nVasco da Gama sailed from Lisbon, Portugal, on July 8, 1497, heading to the East. At the time, many people thought that da Gama's trip would be impossible because it was assumed that the Indian Ocean was not connected to any other seas. Da Gama's patron was King Manuel I of Portugal. \n\nDa Gama rounded Africa's Cape of Good Hope on November 22, and continued on to India. After many stops in Africa, and problems with Muslim traders who did not want interference in their profitable trade routes, da Gama reached Calicut, India on May 20, 1498. \n\nAt first, da Gama and his trading were well-received, but this did not last for long. Da Gama left India on August 29, 1498, after he was told to pay a large tax and leave all of his trading goods. When he left, da Gama took his goods with him, together with some Indian hostages. \n\nDa Gama returned to Lisbon, Portugal, in September, 1499. Along the way many crew members died from scurvy (a disease caused by a lack of Vitamin C). Upon his return, da Gama was treated as a hero and was rewarded by the king. \n\nKing Manuel I of Portugal then sent da Gama, now an Admiral, on another expedition to India (1502-1503). On this second trip, da Gama took 20 armed ships (anticipating problems from Muslim traders). On this voyage, da Gama killed hundreds of Musli
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Vasco Núñez de Balboa - Sep 25, 1513.\n\nVasco Núñez de Balboa (c. 1475, born in Jerez de los Caballeros or in Badajoz, Extremadura, Castile, Spain – January 21, 1519, in Acla, near Darién, Panama) was a Spanish conquistador who founded the colony of Darién in Panama, the oldest still-existing European settlement in the mainland of the Americas. He was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean from America (Sep 25, 1513).\n\nHearing rumours of a sea...\n...He heard of a great sea on the other side of the mountains and of a land of great wealth called Birú (later named Perú), turning out to be the Tahuantinsuyu (the Inca Empire) to the south of this sea...\n\nOn September 1, 1513, he sailed to San Blas (the narrowest part of the isthmus), and went south across the isthmus. As before he befriended the locals who were so inclined, and captured, tortured and looted those that remained hostile, thus gaining substantial treasure. Finally he reached a top from where he could see the Pacific Ocean on September 25, 1513. When the others had joined him a Te Deum was chanted, a cross erected, and the sea was christened Mar del Sur ("South Sea"). He pushed on to the edge of the ocean, in the Gulf of San Miguel and Balboa claimed the ocean and all adjacent lands for Spain.\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa
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Here's some,\nhttp://www.travelpost.com/CA/Panama/Panama/Casaya/1209519\nhttp://www.ibiza-online.com/casaya/en/index.html\nhttp://www.fallingrain.com/world/PM/8/Casaya.html\nhttp://www.maplandia.com/panama/panama/balboa/\nOr just try\nhttp://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/pm.html
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try here\n\nhttp://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/documents/panama/JCIT/JCIT20.htm
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Birmingham and Manchester are good starts. Both contributed greatly to the Industrial Revolution in GB. The Canal system was a major contributing factor.