what is the nuclear medicine?
300439
This question is miscategorized.\n\nSpecial Education refers to the education and parenting of children with special needs.
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The physical concept in called nuclear magnetic resonance.  The medical community dropped the N word for some reason.\n\nBasically all nuclei with odd numbers of nucleons and some with even numbers have a magnetic moment and so if you use a magnetic field to align that moment and then perturb that alignment by an electromagnetic field you can measure the response and thereby determine how much of a given isotope (say protium or Hydrogen 1) there is in say a human body.\n\nThe electrons have no role to play in it, it is entirely the nucleus.
18558
PET stands for positron emmision tomography.  This is used to map where in the body metabolism is occuring by having a person take in small amounts of radioactive sugar (by injection), and then seeing where in the body sugar is being uptaken the most, by looking at the release of positrons by the decay of the radioactive label on the sugar.\n\nThis is used to assess where activity is occuring in the brain, to see where tumor cells might be growing at rapid rates, and a few other purposes.\n\nMIP is used to measure blood flow, and I'm afraid I don't know anything about it.
232271
Links below have history of the development of radioactivity:\n\nIsotopes in Research and Medicine\n\nScientists can now create radioactive forms of common elements, called isotopes. Each isotope has a fixed rate of decay which can be characterized by its half-life, or the length of time that it takes half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay. Because each isotope decays at a unique and predictable rate, different isotopes can be used for a variety of purposes. For example, isotopes play an important role in modern medicine. They can be ingested and traced in their path through the body, revealing biochemical and metabolic processes with precision. These isotropic "tracers" are currently used for practical diagnosis of disease as well as in research.
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The usual unit is REMs or Sieverts. Both REMs and Sieverts are based on how human bodies absorb radiation and have a fairly complex definition involving absorption of different types of radiation by specific tissue types.  Other units, used for describing radioactive materials themselves, like Curies, are based on how much radioactive material is present, or what the rate of production of different types of radiation is.  \n\nHere's a good link on Sieverts:\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sievert
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Studies have shown that radiation exposure to the thyroid gland can cause a variety of thyroid diseases. These include disorders of thyroid function, such as hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and disorders of growth, such as thyroid tumors. Thyroid tumors may be benign or malignant (cancer). Other types of thyroid disease are generally not known to be caused by radiation. \n\n\nThe type of radiation exposure appears to be important, both in terms of whether an effect on the thyroid gland is produced as well as what type of effect is produced. It is well known that external radiation (for example, gamma rays or x-rays) can cause all of the thyroid problems listed above. It is also known that internal exposure from radioactive iodine can cause hypothyroidism. However, it is still uncertain, due to the relatively few scientific studies that have been done, whether radioactive iodine (I-131) causes thyroid tumors in humans.
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NMR stands for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance which is a physical phenomenon based upon the magnetic property of an atom's nucleus. Not all nuclei possess magnetism. NMR studies a magnetic nucleus, like that of a hydrogen atom (1H is the most receptive isotope at natural abundance), by aligning it with a very powerful external magnetic field and perturbing this alignment using an electromagnetic field. The response to the field (the perturbing), is what is exploited in NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging.\n\nNMR spectroscopy is one of the principal techniques used to obtain physical, chemical, electronic and structural information about a molecule. It is the only technique that can provide detailed information on the exact three-dimensional structure of biological molecules in solution. Also, NMR is one of the techniques that has been used to build quantum computers.
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ARE YOU TALKING ABOUT A HIDA SCAN (SHORT FOR HEPATOBILIARY SCAN)THIS IS GENERALLY TO CHECK LIVER FUNCTION OR TO CHECK GALLBLADDER. IT IS A STUDY DONE IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE DEPARTMENT.
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Yes, radioactive isotopes of certain elements like iodine at very vary low concentrations are given intravenous.these isotopes get absorbed  at malignant regions brain and appear prominently in CAT or MRI scans.These radioactive dyes are also used in diagnostic imaging scans of other organs.
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Hematology is the study of blood. Radioisotopes would be put\ninto your blood stream to check for irregularitys in the blood stream. It is injected into a vien using ordinary\nsyringes.
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The CT Scan and MRI image structure not function.  Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan) images glucose uptake.  In 1980 we all assumed that this would 'see' exactly what you are interested in knowing but by 1995 efforts in this regard were largely abandoned.  The PET scan today is used primarily in cancer patients in whom it is very helpful.  There remains no imaging or blood test regarding chemical imbalances and no such test is in the works.  The human nervous system is complex and continues to elude understanding.
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College major usually is not a deciding factor by med school on admission.  You should definitely ace on your MCAT, have a high GPA and do tons of extracurricular activities.  As far as nuclear medicine is concern, it's really remotely related to physics.  All nuclear medicine physician are basically radiologist that specialize in nuclear medicine (mainly bone scan), most are not experts at physics.  So in conclusion, just pick a college major that interest you.
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In Singapore, for diagnostic imaging we use Iodine 123.\n\nI think actually Iodine 131 is used for radioablation too. We don't use the 127 isotope where I come from so can't help you with that.
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There are many chemical elements had a medicinal uses,platinum, radioactive isotopes of elements (iodine, carbon 13)which used in cancer therapy or as a tracer in identification of sickness,also chemical elements used as disinfectants for medicinal purposes, in general all medicines are chemicals formulated for therapy and specific chemical element played the major role in the therapy.
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Consider radiotherapy. For the right dosage to be prescribed to a patient, physics knowledge is needed for example the intensity of gamma ray radiotherapy, etc. A certified radiotherapist can be a person with a background in applied physics. \n\nAnother example would be the user of the physics of sound waves in obstetric ultrasound scans. There is also the physics of radioactive decay, used to select substance like iodide to be ingested by patients for detections of thyroid problems.\n\nThis are only a few examples. There are countless applications of physics in the medical field.\n\nPerhaps the following reference on medical physics will help:
193374
Radiology is the medical specialty that utilizes and interprets imaging technologies to diagnose disease. Traditionally it was the branch of medical science dealing with the medical use of X-rays emitted by X-ray machines or other such radiation devices for the purpose of obtaining visual information as part of medical imaging. Radiologists now also use all other imaging technologies (such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging) to diagnose or treat disease. Interventional radiology is the performance of (usually minimally invasive) medical procedures with the help of medical imaging.\n\nOutside of the medical field, radiology also encompasses the examination of the inner structure of objects using X-rays or other penetrating radiation.\n\nwhere...\n\nSonographers are medical professionals who operate ultrasonic imaging devices to produce diagnostic images and scans, videos, or 3D volumes of anatomy and diagnostic data. Sonography requires specialized education and skills to view, analyze and modify the scan to optimize the information in the image.\n\nIn the United States the most widely accepted sonographic education is provided by CAAHEP/JRC-DMS accredited programs. The profession is sub-divided in specialties such as cardiac, obstetrical, vascular, and general sonographers. General sonographers are registered in abdominal and/or obstetric and gynecologic sonography.\n\nCertifications in sonography after examinations administered by the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography are recognized and administered in some countries outside the US.\n\n\n\nSo I think A sonographer is a doctor as long as he participates in the diagnoses.
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Geeze, I don't know. Barium is used for imaging tissue that wouldn't be seen on an x-ray or CT without it. Iodine 131 is used for treating thyroid cancer. I've never heard of Barium 131.