What is matter made of.  I know protons, electrons, and nutrons, but what are those made of?
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Quite frankly, we don't know. Like listed above, there is a variety of smaller particles that we have been able to smash an atom into. However, each time we build a bigger smasher, we get new particles. The thought is that there is a fundamental particle that is no longer divisible, but I don't think science has commited to it yet.
1933
One property of matter is the electric charge. Most sub-atomic particles have either a positive (+) or negative (-) electrical charge. Those that don't are considered neutral. The most common charged particles are the electron and proton. Atoms with an excess of electrons are called negative ions. Those with missing electrons are called positive ions. There is an electrical field that flows between opposite charges, causing an electrical force. This results in an attractive force between the opposite charges and a repelling force between like charges.
1179398
That is a very good question. We currently do not know definitively the answer to this question. Thousands of years ago, the Greeks believed that all matter were composed of some indivisble units called "atoms". This was irrefutably proven by Einstein at the turn of the 20th century (and he received a Nobel Prize for it). However, as we probe further, we discovered that even atoms has internal structure: protons, neutrons and electrons. For awhile we thought that was it, but then later we found that protons and neutrons were also made of more fundamental particles called quarks (now confirmed by experiements).\n\nSo is this it? Quarks is the final indivisible unit? It turns out that it is most likely not the case. The reason is not that we have discovered anything smaller than quarks. The reason is because our 2 current theories of the physical world, quantum mechanics and theory of general relativity, are not compatible with each other. What this means is that these 2 theories are not completely correct. They are good for most situations, but they can not explain objects like black holes or explain the big bang (the beginning of the universe). There are other things that these 2 theories can't explain, but I won't go into that right now.\n\nThese serious flaws has been the mother of all physics problems for the most of the 20th century. The Holy Grail of modern physics is to find a single theory that can combine the 2 theories together and explain all physical phenonmenons. So far we have one candidate: Superstring Theory.\n\nSo in our effort to solve this problem, we created String Theory, which tells us that quarks are not the fundamental building blocks of matter, but tiny filaments of vibrating energy called Strings. They are much much smaller than quarks. Quarks are estimated to be about to 10^-16 centimeters, but strings are around 10^-33 centimeters. So is this it? We really don't know for sure, but all the signs points to a yes (I won't explain why here because it's too long and it wasn't your question.).\n\nSo does this imply that matter/energy always existed? The answer is NO. because the universe is about 14 billion years old. That's how long anything has existed, including all the matter and energy.
27684
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
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You can make neutrons by sticking electrons onto protons.  It works the other way too - under some circumstances, a neutron can emit an electron and turn into a proton. This is called beta decay.\n\nIn a neutron star, matter has been compressed so hard that the electrons have all fused with the protons. This is called neutron degeneracy.
168218
Atoms are combinations of protons and neutrons with electrons flying around. They form the basic "elements" of matter.\n\nThe nucleus of an atom has protons and neutrons (except for hydrogen which has one proton). There are about the same number of protons and neutrons in each nucleus, although for larger nuclei (like uranium) there are more neutrons.\n\nAll of these particles have a variety of specific characteristics. For example an electron has a negative charge and a proton has a positive charge, while the neutron is neutral. The charge of the proton and electron are identical except for the sign.\n\nProtons and neutrons are both made of quarks. A proton has two "up" quarks and one "down" quark, while the neutron has two "down" quarks and one "up" quark. (The up and down are just names for these two types of quark, there is no physical significance to the name. They could have selected \nChocolate and Vanilla instead.)\n\nProtons and neutrons are almost always described as being composed of three quarks, but there are also gluons running around. Gluons are the particles which control the interaction of quarks within a proton or neutron. They carry the force that binds the three quarks together to form the larger particle.\n\nSo a proton or neutron has three quarks and a cloud of gluons.\n\n(Just as an aside: If one combines a proton and an electron and a neutrino you will get a neutron, but, in the oddness of quantum physics that doesn't mean a neutron is made of these little guys.)\n\nElectrons on the other hand seem to have no consituents, at least down to the level that has been probed with modern instruments.
888560
a nucleus, containing protons and neutrons  and around that nucleus, there are electrons. [Although it more correct to speak of electron clouds, as they are not really localized. ]
241917
its simply matter that is composed of the antiparticles of those that consistitute normal matter....
113847
These particles include atomic constituents such as electrons, protons, and neutrons (protons and neutrons are actually composite particles, made up of quarks), as well as other particles such as photons and neutrinos which are produced copiously in the sun. However, most of the particles that have been discovered and studied are not encountered under normal earth conditions; they are produced in cosmic rays and during scattering processes in particle accelerators.
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1. MATTER - Anything that has Mass and takes up Space.\n\n2. MASS - The measurement of the amount of Matter in an object.  We use a Balance to determine Mass.\n\n3. Matter is Classified (divided) into FOUR STATES:\n\n    a. SOLID - Anything that has BOTH A DEFINITE VOLUME and a DEFINITE SHAPE.  A rock is a solid, solid matter can be picked up and carried around without having to place it in a special container.\n\n    b. LIQUID - Anything that has DEFINITE VOLUME but NO DEFINITE SHAPE.  A key property of a liquid is that they FLOW and can be POURED.\n\n    c. GAS - Has NO DEFINITE VOLUME and NO DEFINITE SHAPE.  A gas ALWAYS TAKES BOTH THE VOLUME AND THE SHAPE OF ANY CONTAINER INTO WHICH IT IS PLACED.  If a gas is NOT in a container, it will spread out as far as it can.\n\n    d. PLASMA - Has NO DEFINITE VOLUME OR SHAPE AND IS COMPOSED OF ELECTRICAL CHARGED PARTICLES.
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Atom  \n\nThe smallest unit matter can be divided into whilst still retaining its chemical identity. Atoms are not single particles but complex arrangements of three types of particles. The subatomic particles, protons, neutrons and electrons, combine to form atoms. The protons and neutrons provide the bulk of an atom's mass and are concentrated into a tiny central region known as the atomic nucleus. The nucleus is held together by the strong nuclear force which acts between the constituent particles (termed nucleons ). The protons are positively charged and so mutually repel each other, but it is not until there are many of them that they overcome the nuclear force. Thus there is only one stable element beyond lead (Z=82). Whilst the radius of an atom is in the region of 10-10 metres, the atomic nucleus is about ten thousand times smaller at 10-14 metres. The volume surrounding the nucleus is where the electrons exist. They are much lighter than the protons and neutrons and carry a negative electrical charge. Being opposite in charge to the nucleus, the electrons are held in orbits around it by the force of electromagnetism. The electrons exist in electron orbitals around the nucleus. These orbitals are grouped into shells. Within each shell are energy levels which allow the electrons to exist in unique quantum states, depending upon their angular momentum (hence energy), in accordance with Pauli's exclusion principle . In a neutral atom the number of electrons equals the number of protons. When ionisation occurs, one or more electrons are provided with enough energy to escape the atom altogether. What remains is known as an ion because it is now positively charged and will behave in a different way chemically from neutral atom. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (the atomic number , Z) defines which chemical element it is. There are just over 110 known chemical elements and these can be arranged in a classification sequence known as the periodic table. The number of neutrons in any given atomic nucleus can also vary. The total number of protons + neutrons is termed the atomic mass number (A). Most atoms have a prefered number of neutrons at which their nuclei are stable. Atoms with more or less neutrons than the stable configuration are known as isotopes and will often undergo radioactive decay. The simplest of all atoms is hydrogen and is a special case which has a nucleus of one solitary proton and a single electron in orbit around it. It is the only nuclide (species of nucleus) with no neutron. A stable isotope of hydrogen is called deuterium which has one neutron in its nucleus; tritium is an unstable (radioactive) isotope of hydrogen and has two neutrons. See also atomic absorption , atomic emission , atomic number , molecule .
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Imagine an atom where the protons have a negative charge, and the electrons have a positive charge.  That's antimatter.  Minute quantities have been created in the laboratory, but it has to be stored in a magnetic bottle, since any contact with normal matter causes the antimatter and an equal quantity of matter, to be converted to energy.
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magnetic materal. \n\nMagnets that you see every day, like the kind people use on refrigerators, are usually made of iron
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PROTONS AND NEUTRONS ARE MADE OF QUARKS.SIX TYPES OF QUARKS ARE RECOGNIZED AND EACH IS KNOWN AS A FLAVOR.THERE IS NOT A ORBIT LEVEL BUT A STRONG FORCE.BINDING ENERGY CAN BE CALCULATED FOR EACH NUCLEUS AND IS ONE INDICATOR OF NUCLEAR STIBILITY.
525449
Planets\nStars\nGases\nDark Matter\nDark Energy\nRegular baryonic matter\nMeteor Rocks?
882919
Matter is something that has mass. Mass, according to the general theory of relativity, is caused by the warping of space. A particle that warps space is said to have mass. These particles are known as matter. The terminology is kind of redundant.\n\nNo one knows what the actual particles are made of. Wheeler tried to explain everything as being a warping or curvature of space. But failed.\n\nThe smallest units of matter, that we know of, are leptons (such as electrons) and quarks.
919735
In physics, matter is commonly defined as the substance of which physical objects are composed, not counting the contribution of various energy or force-fields, which are not usually considered to be matter per se (though they may contribute to the mass of objects). Matter constitutes much of the observable universe, although again, light is not ordinarily considered matter. Unfortunately, for scientific purposes, "matter" is somewhat loosely defined.\n\nSee http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter for more information on matter.\n\nGood Luck!!!