What years did the Jews start new communities?  What was their role in the Holocaust?
599408
In 1936, Jews were banned from all professional jobs, effectively preventing them exerting any influence in education, politics, higher education and industry. On 15 November of 1938, Jewish children were banned from going to normal schools. By April 1939, nearly all Jewish companies had either collapsed under financial pressure and declining profits, or had been forced to sell out to the Nazi-German government as part of the "Aryanization" policy inaugurated in 1937.\n\nAs the war started, large massacres of Jews took place, and, by December 1941, Hitler decided to completely exterminate European Jews. In January 1942, during the Wannsee conference, several Nazi leaders discussed the details of the "Final Solution of the Jewish question" (Endlösung der Judenfrage). Dr. Josef Bühler urged Reinhard Heydrich to proceed with the Final Solution in the General Government. They began to systematically deport Jewish populations from the ghettos and all occupied territories to the seven camps designated as Vernichtungslager, or extermination camps: Auschwitz, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek, Maly Trostenets, Sobibór and Treblinka II. Sebastian Haffner published the analysis in 1978 that Hitler from December 1941 accepted the failure of his goal to dominate Europe forever on his declaration of war against the United States, but that his withdrawal and apparent calm thereafter was sustained by the achievement of his second goal—the extermination of the Jews.\n------------------------------------------------------------\nJews were the main victims. One could say their role was to be rounded up like cattle to concentration camps or death camps.\nAdded:\nAs for communities, they were started in other countries where the Jews fled to. After the second world war.
171903
The Holocaust was more than a Jewish event. Records kept by the Germans prove they exterminated millions of Communists, Czechs, Greeks, Gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, mentally and physically handicapped, Poles, resistance fighters, Russians, Serbs, Socialists, Spanish Republicans, trade unionists, Ukrainians, Yugoslavians, prisoners of war of many nations, and still others whose identity may never be recognized. Their victims, according to one survivor of four different concentration camps, "were of some thirty nationalities, from Nepalese to Andorrans, and of a variety of racial and linguistic stocks ranging from Basques to Buriats and from Ladinos to Lapps". When people were not immediately exterminated, they were sent to work and/or concentration camps. There the prisoners were divided into six penal categories and given patches on their clothing for identification purposes. Ordinary criminals were assigned green; political prisoners wore red; black was worn by asocials (slackers, prostitutes, procurers, etc.); homosexuals wore pink; conscientious objectors wore purple, and the Jewish people wore yellow.\n\nOh and by the way Hitler was NOT of the jewish faith ... Hitler, himself, was a Catholic.
558544
Go here, it might help.\n\nhttp://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/cc.html
625606
Have you not had any history lessons yet?  The Holocaust is the name applied to the state-led systematic persecution and genocide of the Jews and other minority groups of Europe and North Africa during World War II by Nazi Germany and its collaborators[1]. Early elements of the Holocaust include the Kristallnacht pogrom of the 8th and 9th November 1938 and the T-4 Euthanasia Program, leading to the later use of killing squads and extermination camps in a massive and centrally organized effort to exterminate every possible member of the populations targeted by Adolf Hitler and the Nazis.\n(There is more info about it at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust\n\nAlso read the book "Diary of Anne Frank".  See if you can find a copy of the tv miniseries "Winds of War" and "War and Remembrance".  They were made from books written by Herman Wouk and had actual footage from the concentration camps, etc.\n\n\nTry these sites for movies about the holocaust:\nhttp://www.thirdreich.net/Holocaust_Movies.html\nhttp://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/resource/MOVIES.htm\nhttp://www.teachwithmovies.org/guides/schindlers-list.html
625093
Jews lived in the area of Israel for 4,ooo years.  Jews also bought a lot of land in Israel from the Arabs.  No land was stolen ny Jews.  Arabs started a war on the Jews and got their asses kicked.
520118
Originality from Ashkenazi Jews. Then being developed under 4 main eras;\n1) early years : France, Northern Italy & Germany, surge the born of Laaz, 2) old years : Eastern Germany, Poland & Eastern Europe territories, 3) middle years : Poland as the centre of Yiddish & being written in Hebrew, 4) Modern years : declining era because of the Holocaust and the repression of Soviet Jews under Stalin, only remained in several part including Haskalah and some parts in western Europe.\nBut, nowadays Yiddish being used in some community including the ultra-Orthodox populations living in New York and parts of Israel. Matter or fact, some universities does offers Yiddish as language being offered as it is parralel to Jew. In fact, German linguists also learn Yiddish because the development of the German language, is related to the medieval versions of it that today are manifested only in Yiddish.\nThe best answer is Israel because of the origins and nowadays situations.
519264
there were many jews all over the world.\n\nhowever, ashkanazik jews (most jews in america) are from eastern europe (russia, poland, ukraine). many jews in america trace their roots before the 1900s to eastern europe. \n\nmany jews lived in little villages known as shtetls (yiddish). many jews came to american because the russian tzar kicked them out, they feared something bad was going to happen, or, in some cases, the holocaust. \n\n\nthere also were jews all over the world. (just most of them were in eastern europe)\n\n\n\nhope this helps
220941
With published articles, well i am not sure i can do that, but this will give you an idea on where to look.\n\nJews used to feel comfortable, almost all of the time, wherever they lived after the Enlightenment. They felt that they were a part of the political scene, held offices of importance in the Government and in the Society. The Jews of Germany certainly felt that they had 'made it,' into German society. After the Holocaust the Jews realized that no matter how IN to the society they seemed to be, antisemitism was there, under the surface or out in the open, and there was always going to be a nervousness, a fear that It CAN Happen Here, that the Jews felt as a result.
247811
I agree actually. The Jews have been in diaspora since their founding as a people. They've been kicked around by everyone. That's gotta suck. However, lots of other peoples have been opressed as well. Think of the African Americans. Slavery, Segregation. In addition, the Romans made slaves of millions of people accross Europe. However, I think that the Jews win for the longest lasting. They are still having issues with Palestine...
223409
my grandfather survived the holocaust and i very sure that he isnt lying about it, i can see the number in his arm. \n\nTHE HOLOCAUST   \n\n   \n\nThe Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. "Holocaust" is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire." The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews, deemed "inferior," were "life unworthy of life." During the era of the Holocaust, the Nazis also targeted other groups because of their perceived "racial inferiority": Roma (Gypsies), the handicapped, and some of the Slavic peoples (Poles, Russians, and others). Other groups were persecuted on political and behavioral grounds, among them Communists, Socialists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and homosexuals.\n\nIn 1933, the Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million. Most European Jews lived in countries that the Third Reich would occupy or influence during World War II. By 1945, close to two out of every three European Jews had been killed as part of the "Final Solution", the Nazi policy to murder the Jews of Europe. Although Jews were the primary victims of Nazi racism, other victims included tens of thousands of Roma (Gypsies). At least 200,000 mentally or physically disabled people were murdered in the Euthanasia Program. As Nazi tyranny spread across Europe, the Nazis persecuted and murdered millions of other people. More than three million Soviet prisoners of war were murdered or died of starvation, disease, neglect, or maltreatment. The Germans targeted the non-Jewish Polish intelligentsia for killing, and deported millions of Polish and Soviet citizens for forced labor in Germany or in occupied Poland. From the earliest years of the Nazi regime, homosexuals and others deemed to be behaving in a socially unacceptable way were persecuted. Thousands of political dissidents (including Communists, Socialists, and trade unionists) and religious dissidents (such as Jehovah's Witnesses) were also targeted. Many of these individuals died as a result of incarceration and maltreatment.\n  \n\n   \n \nThe Holocaust\nSee maps\n\nBefore beginning the war in 1939, the Nazis established concentration camps to imprison Jews, Roma, other victims of ethnic and racial hatred, and political opponents of Nazism. During the war years, the Nazis and their collaborators created ghettos, transit camps, and forced-labor camps. Following the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing units) carried out mass-murder operations against Jews, Roma, and Soviet state and Communist party officials. More than a million Jewish men, women, and children were murdered by these units. Between 1942 and 1944, Nazi Germany deported millions more Jews from the occupied territories to extermination camps, where they murdered them in specially developed killing facilities.\n\nIn the final months of the war, SS guards forced camp inmates on death marches in an attempt to prevent the Allied liberation of large numbers of prisoners. As Allied forces moved across Europe in a series of offensives on Germany, they began to encounter and liberate concentration camp prisoners, many of whom had survived the death marches. World War II ended in Europe with the unconditional surrender of German armed forces in the west on May 7 and in the east on May 9, 1945.
325597
...But for Jews living in Arab lands, the problems were just beginning. Across North Africa and the Middle East, more than a million Jews, already living as second-class citizens in hostile nations, were driven into exile after 1948, their property confiscated, their futures uncertain... \n\nGood topic. Not many people are aware of the Jewish refugees from Arab lands. Some sites to get you started:\n\nhttp://www.jimena.org/\nhttp://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/anti-semitism/arabjewtoc.html\nhttp://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_independence_refugees_jews_why.php\nhttp://www.americansephardifederation.org/sub/sources/jewish_refugees.asp\nhttp://www.jafi.org.il/education/100/maps/refs.html
850247
For centuries, Jews had faced persecution, and were often forced to live in designated areas called ghettos . \n\nThe Nazis' ghettos differed, however, in that they were a preliminary step in the annihilation of the Jews, rather than a method to just isolate them from the rest of society. As the war against the Jews progressed, the ghettos became transition areas, used as collection points for deportation to death camps and concentration camps .  \n \nHitler incorporated the western part of Poland into Germany according to race doctrine. He intended that Poles were to become the slaves of Germany and that the two million Jews therein were to be concentrated in ghettos in Poland's larger cities. Later this would simplify transport to the death camps. Nazi occupation authorities officially told the story that Jews were natural carriers of all types of diseases, especially typhus, and that it was necessary to isolate Jews from the Polish community. Jewish neighborhoods thus were transformed into prisons. The five major ghettos were located in Warsaw , Lódz, Kraków, Lublin, and Lvov. \n\nOn November 23, 1939 General Governor Hans Frank issued an ordinance that Jews ten years of age and older living in the General Government  had to wear the Star of David on armbands or pinned to the chest or back. This made the identification of Jews easier when the Nazis began issuing orders establishing ghettos. \n\nIn total, the Nazis established 356 ghettos in Poland, the Soviet Union, the Baltic States, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Hungary between 1939 and 1945. There was no uniformity to these ghettos. The ghettos in small towns were generally not sealed off, which was often a temporary measure used until the residents could be sent to bigger ghettos. \nLarger cities had closed ghettos, with brick or stone walls, wooden fences, and barbed wire defining the boundaries. Guards were placed strategically at gateways and other boundary openings. Jews were not allowed to leave the so-called "Jewish residential districts," under penalty of death. \n\nAll ghettos had the most appalling, inhuman living conditions. The smallest ghetto housed approximately 3,000 people. Warsaw, the largest ghetto, held 400,000 people. Lódz, the second largest, held about 160,000. Other Polish cities with large Jewish ghettos included Bialystok, Czestochowa, Kielce, Kraków, Lublin, Lvóv, Radom, and Vilna. \n\nMany of the ghetto dwellers were from the local area. Others were from neighboring villages. In October 1941, general deportations began from Germany to major ghettos in Poland and further east. Also, Jews from Austria and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were sent to the ghettos. \n Ghetto life was wretched. The ghettos were filthy, with poor sanitation. Extreme overcrowding forced many people to share a room. Disease was rampant. Staying warm was difficult during bitter cold winters without adequate warm clothes and heating fuel. Food was in such short supply that many slowly starved to death. \n\n Additional notes on ghetto nutrition including examples of daily caloric rations. \n\nEven in the midst of these horrible conditions, many ghetto dwellers resisted dehumanization. Parents continued to educate their children, although it was considered an illegal activity. Some residents secretly continued to hold religious services and observe Jewish holidays. \n\nThe Nazis established the Theresienstadt  (or Terezín) ghetto in northwestern Czechoslovakia as a so-called model Jewish settlement to counter rumors in the international community about the poor conditions in the ghettos. Flower gardens, cafés, and schools were constructed to demonstrate to visiting International Red Cross inspectors and audiences of Nazi propaganda films the humane conditions of a "typical" ghetto. Terezín also functioned as a transit camp for many who were later sent to Auschwitz or other death camps.
151772
The act that started WWII was Hitler's invasion of Poland in 1938, you can look there. But of course it could be argued that WWII started before that as Naziism took hold of the German country.
406075
the link below should give you any more information you might need.\n\nOn the night of 9-10 May 1940, German troops invaded the Netherlands.\n\nA German civil administration was installed under SS supervision. At its head was Reichskommissar (Reich Commissioner) Dr Arthur Seyss-Inquart, with 5 commissioners-general serving under him. Among them were Friedrich Wimmer (administration and justice) and Hans Albin Rauter (commissioner-general for public safety and HSSPF). These men were to be among the principal perpetrators of the annihilation of Dutch Jewry.
54074
It's a long list:\nEgyptians\nAssyrians\nBabylonians\nPersians\nRomans\nRoman Catholic leaders in Spain(inquisition)\nRussians  (early 20th century)\nHitler's regime\n\nsome of these were only because they were jews and in the earlier circumstances they were just "in the way" of conquering nations so to speak.
515375
Holocaust (hŏl'əkôst', hō'lə–) , name given to the period of persecution and extermination of European Jews by Nazi Germany. Although anti-Semitism in Europe has a long history, persecution of German Jews began with Hitler's rise to power in 1933. Jews were disenfranchised, then terrorized in anti-Jewish riots (such as Kristallnacht), forced into the ghettos, their property seized, and finally were sent to concentration camps. After the outbreak of World War II, Hitler established death camps to secretly implement what he called “the final solution of the Jewish question.” Extermination squads were also sent to the fronts: In one operation alone, over 30,000 Jews were killed at Babi Yar, outside Kiev. After 450,000 Jews were sent to death camps from the Warsaw Ghetto, news of their fate led the last 60,000 to rebel (1943), fighting until they were killed, captured, or escaped to join the resistance. The main Jewish resistance was spiritual: observing their religion and refraining from suicide, while Zionists evacuated some to Palestine. By the end of the war 6 million Jews had been systematically murdered. The Allies refused rescue attempts and American Jews were warned against attempting them. While the European churches were silent, some clergy and individual non-Jews saved many. The Danes sent most Danish Jews to Sweden in private boats while under German occupation.\nAfter the war Nazi leaders were tried for war crimes at Nuremburg, and West Germany later adopted (1953) the Federal Compensation Law, under which billions of dollars were paid to those who survived Nazi persecution. In the mid-1990s a number of suits were filed against Swiss banks that held accounts belonging to Holocaust victims but had denied the fact and failed to restore the money. A settlement reached in 1998 established a $1.25 billion fund to be used to compensate those who can document their claims and, more generally, Holocaust survivors, the latter as restitution for undocumented accounts and for Swiss profits on Nazi accounts involving Holocaust victims' property. In 1998 the Roman Catholic Church issued a document acknowledging Catholic complicity in the long-standing European anti-Semitism that was background to the Holocaust. Under the terms of an agreement signed in 2000 by the United States and Germany, a $5 billion fund was established by the German government and German industry to compensate those who were slave or forced laborers or who suffered a variety of other losses under the Nazi regime.\n\nThe destruction of European Jewry has demanded a reevaluation by Jews the world over. The renascent Jewish community in the state of Israel, itself largely a byproduct of the Holocaust, now serves as a focal point for much of this energy. A vast literature consisting of histories, diaries, memoirs, poetry, novels, and prayers has emerged in an effort to understand the Holocaust in terms of its religious and secular implications. The secular materials attempt to explain how it happened and the reactions of the victims; some have suggested that an underlying and pervasive anti-Semitism in Germany was fueled by a deep and complete despair combined with a corrosive and unacknowleged sense of worthlessness that had been created by crushing and humiliating hardships and the disintegration of the Weimar Republic. The religious materials focus on the problem of whether one can still speak in traditional Jewish terms of a God, active in history, who rewards the righteous and who maintains a unique relationship with the Jewish people. Museums and memorials have been established in a number of cities worldwide to preserve the memory of the Holocaust.\n\nsome sites to check out are - \nwww.ushmm.org/wlc/en\nwww.holocaust-history.org\nholocaust.about.com\nen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust
621865
check out\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust\nit might help...