what are the scope of pharmacognosy ?
608019
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal products in their crude, or unprepared, form. The word derives from the Greek words pharmakon (drug), and gnosis or knowledge. To say very basically, Taxonomy is the subject to identify the plants using flowers and Pharmacognosy is a subject to identify or authenticate the plant parts using macroscopical, anatomical and phytochemical characters.\n\nIt includes the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances, or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources.\n\nToday pharmacognosy is basically a branch of chemistry, but its historical roots are in pharmacy, and academics considering themselves to be involved in pharmacognosy are almost exclusively at schools of pharmacy.\n\nToday molecular biological techniques especially DNA fingerprints (RAPD, RFLP, AFLP) are also used to identify and authenticate the herbs. Even there are some US patents were issued for identifying the herbs using DNA fingeprints.
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Most drugs are organic compunds, which have characteristic UV spectra.
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http://www.drugs.com/pill_identification.html
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You may think of Plants as biochemical Laboratories. All plants create chemical molecules, as the result of their primary or secondary metabolic procedures. These chemical molecules can be quite simple or have very complex structure. \nThe biological properties of these molecules was and still is a major part of scientific investigation. So one can not say that there is a specific group of plants from which we can expect medicinal products to be researched and developed. \nHowever there is a group of plants, which we call medicinal & aromatic plants because many of the species in this group has already been utilised for their biological active chemical products. \nThis group compromises mainly from species belonging to specific plant families (e.g. Lamiaceae). \nPharmaceutical companies and botanists nowadays search for new chemical molecules and test their biological properties. Drugs that are beeing produced based on a plant molecule are basically no different from any other drug available. So keep in mind that nature was always the first medicine provider and still is.
1136171
surely thats's obvious?\n\nAn understanding of science is the foudation of medicine
750075
Ask a pharmacist...it would depend on what was in the formula
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Physical (chem, physics), life (biology, medicine), Geo (geology, geography) and Computer\n\nIs that the classification you were asking for?
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anatomy or physiology/pathology/pharmacology?\n\nfirst one's a picnic, really.\n\nBTW, the below poster is absolutely correct, the 5% deal is bollocks.
1031471
One should have studied pharmacology and learnt to read Doctors prescription
81319
go to www.rxlist.com, you can type in what writing/symbols the pills have on them and they usually can identify it.
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Current treatments - problems, advantages\n\nPossible future treatments\n\nInheritance patterns and genetic counselling.\n\nHistory of discovery of the disease or its history in general.\n\nphysiological and genetic basis of the disease (talk about clotting factors).\n\nPerhaps a mixture of the above topics in the one speech in a logical order.
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Pharmacology..because it is more diverse.
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I'm not a pharmacist but I would think pharmacology would encompass everything, whereas hospital pharmacy would be just that, very limited.  Supposed you would like to change from the medical profession to say medical examiner.  I would think if your going to get a Master's in anything you should make it worth your work.
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*Leaf apply locally for abcess.\n*Anthraquinone is the main secondary metabolite.
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Several types of scientists make and design medicine.  First there are people who study pharmacognosy. They are looking for medications in plants.  Then there are medicinal chemists.  They take information about where they think the drug will work and design a molecule to work at that location.  They can also tinker with the molecule to make it work better or without as much toxicity.  It doesn't stop there becasue then you need someone who is trained in pharmaceutics.  Even if the medicinal chemist comes up with a great drug, the chemical structure may not allow it to be delivered to the body, like if the stomach or intestines couldn't absorb it.  A pharmacologist takes the drugs studied by the med chemist and pharmaceutics guy and studies how and where the drug ACTUALLY works, not just how it should work based on its structure.  They may do studies with rats or other animals to try to figure this out.  All of these folks are usually people who have gotten Ph.D. degrees and therefore are good at doing research.\n\nPharmacists in the other hand, get a doctor of pharmacy degree (Pharm.D.) and spend little to no time actually doing research.  They learn a lot in school about how the drugs work and how they should be used.  They also learn about the diseases themselves.  If a pharmacist wants to do research, they have to get more training (a fellowship) or they have to get a Ph.D. too.  A pharmacist gets licensed by a state board of pharmacy so that they may purchase and dispense medications.  Neither a med chemist, pharmacologist, or pharmaceutics person is ALLOWED to do this function by law.
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I'd have to bet you need math in order to find out how many pills of a certain medicine are required for a specific dose.  And you need to know how much of a dose a certain person needs.
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I would try www.pdrhealth.com  It is the website for the physicians desk reference which describes drugs (of all types) and lists their contraindications.