What is the purpose of segment registers in 8086 microprocessor???
610630
Segment registers hold the base address of where a particular segment begins in memory.  There is the code segment (CS), data segment (DS), stack segment (SS), and extra segment (ES).\n\nSegment registers are 16-bit registers which are ASSUMED to be holding a 20 bit number, because it is assumed you will add a zero to the end.  For example, if CS register is holding the hexadecimal value "13A6", then this value is actually representing the address "13A60".\n\nTo calculate a physical address, you take the address (called the logical address) and add it to the segment address.  For example, if you wanted to calculate the physical address which relates to logical address "1356" in the stack segment - you would also need to know what value is in the SS register, lets assume "2345":\n\nAdd the zero to the end of the segment address:\n23450\nThen add the two addresses together:\n23450 + 1356 = 247A6\n\n----------\n\nAdditional answer:\n\nThe processor uses 20 bit addresses.  The registers in the processor, however, are 16 bit registers (this is so older programs will still run on the system).  A 16 bit address allows you to access 65,535 memory cells.  A 20 bit address allows you to access 1,048,576 memory cells.  By design, the 16 bit registers will not allow all of the 1MB of memory to be accessed.  The answer to this is segment registers.  A segment register holds the address of where a 65K block of memory resides.  The segment register, although is a 16 bit register, is assumed to be holding a 20 bit address because you are supposed to add a zero to the end of whatever 16 bit number is in the segment register.\n\nFor example, if a segment register is holding the value\n"A45C"\nThis 16 bit number is actually representing the 20 bit value:\n"A45C0"\nbecause of adding the zero to the end.\n\nNow, if you have a 16 bit address, let's say "4B32" for example, you have to remember that this address is an offset (or logical) address residing inside a 65K block of memory.  Thus the physical address is calculated by finding out where the segment starts, then adding to it the offset address.  One of the segment registers will tell you where the segment begins.  Let's assume that the segment register is holding the value "A45C".  In this case, the segment begins at the 20 bit address "A45C0".  Add to that the offset address:  A45C0 + 4B32 = A90F2.  Therefore the address A90F2 is the 20 bit physical address that maps to the segment,offset address   A45C:4B32
32115
Actually it is called a process (without the trailing 'or') ID. All memory-resident programs have a process ID (us in the computer field call it a PID for short). This is mainly due to the fact that PIDs were first notable (not first period, i ma sure others used this beforehand) use of PIDs was in the UNIX Timesharing OS. There are a number of reasons that programs have PIDs, and if you ever tried to debug several instnces of a program running at once, it's a lot easier than going by the program name, esp. if the same name shows up 15 or so times :)
198246
the meaning of the code displayed is, Caused when the CPU generates an error that the kernel does not reach. Usually hardware related problem- especially RAM. Can also be caused by CPU overclocking or defective components on the motherboard. Recommended solution is 1. Run the memory diagnostic to test RAM. 2. Restore overclocked settings to previous values. 3. Repair/Replace the mother board. 4. Disable sync negotiation in SCSI BIOS: check SCSI termination.
525333
which IC are you referring to? in general microcontrollers run code written in either C or assembly language, so you have to write the program, then compile it. after that you have to program it into the micro. that is done in several ways. some have to be plugged into a device that does it, some can be done through a serial port, and some use a JTAG interface to do it.
874536
What instruction set??? There are hundreds!
299395
There can be many a reasons for it\n\n1) You are trying to call up an Interrupt Request\n2) You are trying to access hardware directly.\n3) You are trying to write to a memory location that is prohibited.\n4) You may be missing some required library file.\n5) You may be throwing an unhandled system exception/error.\n\nHere you refers to your program or the native code compiler. For you have not mentioned as where exactly does the problem occur, while executing or while compiling the code.
1032857
The SDK-86 (System Design Kit) was the first available computer using the Intel 8086 microprocessor. It was sold as a single board kit at a cheaper price than a single 8086 chip! because Intel thought that the success of a microprocessor depends on its evaluation by as many users as possible. All major components were socketed and the kit could be assembled by anyone having a limited technical knowledge thanks to a clear and complete assembly manual. The system could be used with the on-board keyboard and display or connected to a serial video terminal. \n\nThe internal ROM monitor offered the following commands:\n\nS (Substitute Memory): Displays / Modifies memory locations\nX (Examine / Modify registers) : Displays / Modifies 8086 registers\nD (Display memory): Displays memory content\nM (Move): Moves block of memory data\nI (Port Input): Receives data from input port\nO (Port Output): Send data to input port\nG (Go): Execute user program\nN (Single Step): Execute single program instruction\nR (Read File): Read object file from tape to memory\nW (Write File): Writes block of memory to tape. \n\n\nSDK - 86 Technical Information:\n\nNAME SDK-86\nMANUFACTURER Intel\nTYPE Home Computer\nORIGIN U.S.A.\nYEAR 1979\nBUILT IN LANGUAGE ROM Monitor\nKEYBOARD Hexadecimal 24 keys\nCPU Intel 8086\nSPEED 2.5 or 5 Mhz (jumper selectable)\nRAM 2 KB expandable to 4 KB\nROM 8 KB (Monitor)\nTEXT MODES 8-digit led\nI/O PORTS Processor bus, Parallel and Serial I/O\nPOWER SUPPLY + 5V, -12V external AC adaptor\nPRICE $780
117459
Well it stores its data as 1s and 0s. Thats all how a computer works. It runs all on 1s and 0s. If you hit the keyboard you might be telling it to type the letter "H" but it sees it as 11001111 (not really the right code). Its the same way a chip works. It sees everything it stores as 110011101010101011010101010.
830076
you can't really "catch" them per se, as they are really not errors, unlike floating point overflows. \nYou can do some sanity checks like the above answer explained...\nor better, just use larger storage - like unsigned long long - that'll give you more space without overflowing.
628097
Imagine a block of memory from 0 to N. A cyclic buffer fills from 0 towards N, and when it reaches N it starts back at 0 again.\nThis kind of buffer needs to be "serviced" (have the data removed) before new data overwrites data that hasn't been removed yet.\nThere is normally an "in" pointer for incoming data, and an "out" pointer for outgoing data, If the "out" pointer reaches the "in" pointer, the buffer is empty again. If the "in" pointer reaches the "out" pointer, you've overflowed the cyclic buffer!
429014
it pretty much pokes the processor and says, "You there! Stop wat ur doin and take care of this input!" E.G. if you press a key on your keyboard, you certainly want it to be processed. Without an interrupt, it would just sit there in the key queue while the processor does anything else it wants.
82317
After a PC's BIOS eliminates the possibility of a floppy disk boot, control is passed to some code in Memory that comes from the contents of the very first sector of its first physical Hard Disk. The code contained in that sector is most often* that of the OS's MBR (Master Boot Record). This location can be referenced as either Absolute Sector Zero (0) or as CHS 0, 0, 1.\n\nhttp://mirror.href.com/thestarman/asm/mbr/DiskTerms.htm#LOC
628557
Machine code. The computers internal programming recognizes a connection from a keyboard via the ps2 connection or whatever you have(usb etc..). When you press a key on the keyboard a signal corresponding to that key is then sent to the computer and then is translated and then displayed on your monitor. Much like it is displaying every single character I am typing this very moment. Your computer receives and displays these signals almost instantly. Cool eh? :)
36821
Typically you would set up the timer on the microcontroller to count the number of overflows, and every so many overflows advance the clock one second, or whatever the smallest unit you wish to measure.\n\nTake for example a 8 Mhz MCU. If it were using a 16 bit timer, the timer counter would advance 1 every clock cycle. after 65536 clock cycles the timer would overflow, causing an interupt. In that interupt routine you would count the number of times it overflowed. (actually it would be easier to set the overflow or timer interupt to 64000 rather than a regular overflow. The math is easier as you will see.)\n\nAfter the Interupt has been called 122.07 times, one second has passed. (If you set the interupt to be called at 64000, then the number of times for one second should be exactly 125 times, assuming the crystal is dead on accurate.)\n\nThe coding for something like this is fairly simple, but can vary greatly from MCU to MCU. Check with the User's Manual for the details of carrying out the proceedure that I outlined.\n\nGood luck and happy programming.
752712
Registers are the internal storage place where a CPU place it's operand.  Machine language instructions work on values in specified registers.  That's where computed values are stored also after any operations.\n\nCache is just a trick of the chip-set to make specific parts of the memory more accessible to prevent the CPU to stall while waiting for data to be fetched from the memory.  Normally the cache will contains both instructions to come and data the system expect to  need in the near future.\n\nWhile registers are few and about 64 bits or 128 bits each for a total of about 2KB, they are accessible in real time by the processor, cache is about 256KB to 1Mb of very fast memory that still crawl in respect to processor but still allow it to prevent most data request to cause a general memory request that is so slow that the processor can take a full vacation until it's fulfilled.\n\nHope that help
374089
It has 2-bytes code, so you need to examine two consequent bytes. It is not C++ specific, it is PC-specific.
370198
is that a complete question?\n\nwhich proc?  intel, amd, power pc?\n\nthe x86s each have power management for clocks (Intel SpeedStep, for example)...\n\ncare to expand the question?