describ what causes sickle cell anaemia at the DNA and protein level?
608187
Sickling hemoglobin is caused by a single amino acid substitution in the long sequence that forms normal hemoglobin - the major component of red blood cells. \n\nA mutation in the hemoglobin gene transverts thymine to adenine. When this gene is transcribed into protein, an amino acid is incorrectly placed. This change alters the way hemoglobin molecules aggregate at low oxygen concentrations. Sickling hemoglobin causes red blood cells to bend into a sickle shape that can obstruct blood flow and cause anemia. Sickle cell disease is a recessive genetic trait caused by two copies of the sickling hemoglobin gene in an individual. The hybrid state - where in individual carries one normal hemoglobin and one sickling gives the individual increased resistance to malaria, and this is probably why the gene has become fixed in certain populations.
643756
Sickle cell anemia? I dont know what the question is...or what disease you are talking about.
1100418
yeah, sickle celled people are resistant to malaraia, so its thought to be a mutation that has helped people adapt to areas high in malaria like africa. so black people have it at a much higher rate than white people
286772
There are very many.  Sickle cell anemia, for example, is caused by an inherited mutation in the gene for one of the subunits of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in blood.   Certain types of cancer no doubt result from mutations in critical parts of the genome -- either induced by carcinogens or radiation, or just bad luck.  Besides mutation, there are a litany of other genetic abnormalities which can cause disease.  Huntington's disease, for example, is caused by having too many repeats of a certain DNA fragment.  Down's syndrome is caused by having an entire extra chromosome.  As you can see, DNA is the cause of many diseases, and it will be the target of many future cures as we get better at molecular therapy.
684745
beats me I got sickle cell trait wich makes my blood cels look like if someone got a nail, hammered it in the middle of the cell and yanked the cell out. But I'm guessing yours has to do with the anemia part and you got a low white blood cell count plus they are half moon shaped.
492757
Haemoglobin is a tetrameric proteins (four prteins bound together) made of two monomers of alpha Haemoglobin and two of beta Haemoglobin attached to four Haeme groups.\nSo, the chemical formula should be: alpha2Beta2Haeme4\n\nThe amino acid sequences for alpha and beta Haemoglobin are:\n\nAlpha:\nmvlspadktnvkaawgkvgahageygaealermflsfpttktyfphfdls hgsaqvkghgkkvadaltnavahvddmpnalsalsdlhahklrvdpvnfk llshcllvtlaahlpaeftpavhasldkflasvstvltskyr\n\nBeta:\nmvhltpeeksavtalwgkvnvdevggealgrllvvypwtqrffesfgdls tpdavmgnpkvkahgkkvlgafsdglahldnlkgtfatlselhcdklhvd penfrllgnvlvcvlahhfgkeftppvqaayqkvvagvanalahkyh\n\nFor a list of the one letter code for amino acids, visit:\nhttp://www.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/amino-acids.html
967608
a. UUACCG (U replaces T in RNA copies) \nb. AAUGGC (the opposite of the above)\nc. A codon is a code for an amino acid. ("3 letters")\nd. The code was copied wrong and therefore a mutation in this case I would say a point mutation because one letter is changed out of the code. This can cause serious problem because it changes the code for an amino acid. It substitution of a single nucleotide. If the code is different but it still codes for the same amino acid it is synonymous and does not causes prob. But if it is the non-synonymous it causes change to the specified amino acid and could lead to production of the WRONG protein or NO protein at all, which is dangerous. These cause genetic disorders such as Sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, tay-sachs.\n\nAdenine bonds with Thymine (in DNA). Adenine with Uracil in RNA. And Guanine and cytosine with each other.\n\nHope this helps :)
770411
They maybe checking for the following: \nSickle cell anemia, Iron dificency, Bata thalassemia trait, aplastic anemia.   Add....'HaemoglobinA1C'  to the list of test and see what you find.\n\nGOOD  LUCK.
960830
Proteins, amino acids.
1047081
DNA\nRNA\ncarbohydrate (eg glycogen)\npolypeptides (proteins)\nmucopolysaccharides (proteins joined to carbohydrates)\nlipopolysaccharides (proteins joined to lipids)\nother lipids eg in membranes, and storage fat\n\nThere may be others.
527410
Red blood cells or Rbc are produced in your red bone marrow of your sternum, your chest bone. They have a lifespan of about 120 days. Then as then get old, these blood cells enter the spleen (also called the red splenic pulp) where it is forced through small pores. So that causes the rbc to be broken down physically. Then the hemoglobin in RBc is transferred to the liver by combining with a protein called haptaglobin an the hemoglobin is furthur broken down.\n\nThe protein in the RBC (alpha and beta chains) are broken down in the liver into amino acids. Iron in the hemoglobin is also either stored or reused by the liver.
113778
People who are heterozygous (carriers) for sickle cell anemia have resistance to malaria. Carriers can have what is called "sickle cell trait" because they may show only slight symptoms during severe exertion. Two carriers have a 25% chance of having a child with sickle cell anemia.  These children have an increased death rate, even in their twenties during child rearing years.  Since areas of Africa with the highest malarial rates show the highest sickle cell rates, the trait seems to be selected for evolutionarily.
305731
Just a clarification-DNA is composed of nucleic acids, not amino acids.  Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
761535
general anaesthesia  presents risk and certain danger to anyone, in particular to those with chronic health problems.  a carrier of the sickle cell trait isn't really a chronic health problem and i would have to agree with your surgeon......he knows best.  but if you are that concerned, get another opionion, say with a hemotologist, specializing in blood disorders.
585548
sickle cell is more biology based. Chemistry would be medication and production of pharmaceutical goods.\nEquations would be easier to find for that.\nGood luck.
1025351
oh definitely. People with sickle cell traits are just as good as people with AA if not better.The trait was acquired to better protect from malaria................. Besides people with sickle cell do get fat. I know a lot of people with the traits who are fat.
1180741
Sickle cell anaemia isn't caused by a deficiency of anything, it is purely a genetic disease.