how do interferometeric fibre optic gyro work?
608906
may be with internal reflection
933626
A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum. The essence of the device is a spinning wheel on an axle. The device, once spinning, tends to resist changes to its orientation due to the angular momentum of the wheel. In physics this phenomenon is also known as gyroscopic inertia or rigidity in space.\n\n\nThe gyroscope effect was discovered in 1817 by Johann Bohnenberger and invented and named in 1852 by Léon Foucault for an experiment involving the rotation of the Earth. Foucault's experiment to see (skopeein, to see) the Earth's rotation (gyros, circle or rotation) was unsuccessful due to friction, which effectively limited each trial to 8 to 10 minutes, too short a time to observe significant movement. In the 1860s, however, electric motors made the concept feasible, leading to the first prototype gyrocompasses; the first functional marine gyrocompass was developed between 1905 and 1908 by German inventor Hermann Anschütz-Kaempfe. The American Elmer Sperry followed with his own design in 1910, and other nations soon realized the military importance of the invention—in an age in which naval might was the most significant measure of military power—and created their own gyroscope industries. The Sperry Gyroscope Company quickly expanded to provide aircraft and naval stabilizers as well, and other gyroscope developers followed suit.[1]\n\nIn the first several decades of the 20th century, other inventors attempted (unsuccessfully) to use gyroscopes as the basis for early black box navigational systems by creating a stable platform from which accurate acceleration measurements could be performed (in order to bypass the need for star sightings to calculate position). Similar principles were later employed in the development of inertial guidance systems for ballistic missiles.[
223171
The same way all lasers work.Light energy is bounced back and forth within the structure of a certain material (rubies work) until the atoms are "pumped" into an excited state.  When the atoms of the material are excited enough, they emit light of only one wavelength (coherent light).\nCoreherent light will travel out whatever size aperature the device has, and not be inclined to spread and dissipate the way full spectrum light does.
674033
the chassis wont distort the reading. you need to be encompassed in a diamagnetic material for distortion.
237565
FIBER OPTICS IS USED ON LONGWIRES FROM CENTRAL OFFICE TO CENTRAL OFFICE !  WHERE COPPER WIRES ARE USED FOR DISTRIBUTION FROM THE CENTRAL OFFICE TO THE USER!\n\nFIBER OPTICS IS USED BY MAJOR COOPERATIONS IN CONNECTING THEIR SWITCH TO THE MAIN LINE.  AND ON CERTAIN LEASE LINES CONNECTIONS AGAIN BY MAJOR COOPERATIONS USING A WIDE BANDWITH WHICH TODAY IS USUALLY DIGITAL DATA, BUT CAN EASILY BE TELEVISION FEED! THRU LEASE LINES.\n\nFIBER OPTICS IS AT A MAJOR DATA TRANSMISSION LEVEL OR IN INDUSTRY IT IS USED WHERE MAGNETIC INFLUENCES LIKE WELDING IN SHIPBUILDING INTERFERE WITH DATA SO THEY USE FIBRE OPTICS EXCLUSIVELY ALMOST NO COPPER WIRE AROUND THE NUMERIC CONTROL DATA LINES IN THE AUTOMATIC WELDING AND CONTROLS FOR CUTTING STEEL AND WELDING SHIPS TOGETHER!\n\n\nTHATS ABOUT IT ALSO IN THE AIRFRAME BUILDING INDUSTRY!  WHERE MAGNETIC INFLUENCE MESSES UP THE NCR EQUIPMENT!\n\nHOPE THAT HELPS YOU OUR SOMEWHAT!\n\n\nHAVE A GOOD DAY!\n\n\nAPS
1006016
Laser interferometry may be what you are looking for
126059
Magnifying mirrors are concaved inward and work by focusing the light on a point such that the image is larger than the original object.\n\nhttp://physics.bu.edu/py106/notes/Spherical.html
1185030
For most operations, the telescope uses reaction wheels.  These are gyroscopes on motors.  If the telescope wants to pan in one direction, it speeds up a reaction wheel in the opposite direction, and conservation of angular momentum ensures that if the wheel spins faster counter-clockwise, the telescope spins faster clockwise to compensate.  Once the correct angle has been achieved, the reaction wheel is spun back to its normal speed, and the telescope stops panning.  This method is much more precise than rockets which would usually have to burn continuously to hold a stable attitude, polluting the vicinity with burned materials which can interfere with imaging or degrade the mirror by accumulating on it.\n\nOver time, external torques can pull the telescope out of alignment, requiring the reaction wheels to spin faster and faster to keep it steady.  Eventually they reach their maximum rotation rate, and something has to be done.  This is done by "reaction wheel desaturation".  Only at this point do the rockets on the telescope fire up and apply a torque which lets the reaction wheels be spun back down to their normal operating range.  The telescope can't do any science while the rockets are firing.\n\nThe pointing accuracy and stability of the telescope are controlled by locking onto guide stars.  It has specialized instruments that let it control its orientation by measuring the location of known bright stars.
682254
The determination of angles and distance are essentially separate actions. One aims the telescope with great care first; this is the part of the process with real potential for human error. When the telescope has been aimed, the angles are determined. Only then does one initiate the reading of the distance to the target by the EDM. That takes only a few seconds; the calculations are performed immediately. \n\nThe total station is mounted on a tripod and leveled before use. Meanwhile, the prism is mounted on a pole of known height; the mounting bracket includes aids for aiming the instrument. The prism is mounted so that its reflection point is aligned with the center of the pole on which it has been mounted. Although the tip of the pole is placed on the point to be surveyed, the instrument must be aimed at the prism. So it will calculate the position of the prism, not the point to be surveyed. Since the prism is directly above the tip, the height of the pole may be subtracted to determine the location of the point. That may be done automatically. (The pole must be held upright, and a bubble level is attached to give the worker holding the pole a check. It is not as easy as one might expect to hold the pole upright, particularly if there is any wind; as a result, multiple readings may be required. Because of that problem, the sighting method chosen at Pompeii was, if possible, not to begin by sighting on the prism itself but on the tip of the pole where it touched the ground. The angle from north would then be fixed and unaffected by the movement of the pole. Then the aim of the telescope could be raised to the level of the prism, adjusting only the angle of inclination.) \n\nIn Pompeii a Topcon total station was used,* and we quickly learned a few features of the equipment. (Mr. Eiteljorg had driven to Charlottesville to learn the idiosyncrasies of the instrument in May, but a malfunctioning battery cut the session short, and a few "simple" or "trivial" processes turned out to be neither simple nor trivial without practice.) For instance, leveling the total station is more difficult than we had realized (and spongy soil is devastating, since the instrument is naturally unstable if its support is), and it depends upon accurate adjustment of the bubble level built into the instrument. We also learned that datum points were more difficult to select than expected, since they had to be repeatable; that is, we had to be able to find them again and again with absolute accuracy - this year and next. \n\nWhen the instrument is set up and turned on, it sets itself to be pointing to zero degrees (north) when power is first supplied. The user must then re-set the instrument to zero degrees when it is actually pointing north; we learned that there is no secondary battery for back-up. When the battery dies, the instrument must be re-set for zero degrees. \n\nFortunately, these lessons came in the first day or two, and we had no more surprises. (One problem was on-going, however. There are two adjustment knobs for rotating within the horizontal plane. One rotates the telescope to make a sighting, with the readout of angles displaying changes. The other, however, permits the user to rotate the entire instrument and to keep the current angle unchanged during the process. That effectively re-orients the zero or north setting. That can be very helpful when setting up or re-setting the instrument, but, of course, it can be devastating if one makes that adjustment by mistake and thereby changes the north setting. This particular instrument was designed in such a way that it was too easy to re-set the instrument when one only wanted to make a sighting.) \n\nSince we were dealing with standing architecture, the prism pole was often inadequate for our work. The pole is designed to be placed on the survey point in a vertical position; it cannot be placed on a point on the face of a wall. In fact, a prism pole can rarely be placed a
1142512
rotational sensor.. which is basically an inductive prox with a timming circuit to calculate revolutions.
836858
A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principle of conservation of angular momentum. The essence of the device is a spinning wheel on an axle. The device, once spinning, tends to resist changes to its orientation due to the angular momentum of the wheel. In physics this phenomenon is also known as gyroscopic inertia or rigidity in space.\n\nRotor,\nThe journals of the rotor,\nbeing mounted in\nan inner gimbal or ring,\nAxle,\nSpinning wheel,\n\nAll will have wear resistance steel.]\ncast steel-duly hardened.\naluminium alloy-outer frame.
663985
Gyroscopes can be very perplexing objects because they move in peculiar ways and even seem to defy gravity. These special properties make gyroscopes extremely important in everything from your bicycle to the advanced navigation system on the space shuttle. A typical airplane uses about a dozen gyroscopes in everything from its compass to its autopilot. The Russian Mir space station used 11 gyroscopes to keep its orientation to the sun, and the Hubble Space Telescope has a batch of navigational gyros as well. Gyroscopic effects are also central to things like yo-yos and Frisbees!
161029
A dual radio frequency interferometer aided by laser rangefinder and terrain database system utilizes two linear rays of RFI sensors to determine the position of a source of RF energy. The dual RFI system is very attractive in that it is a passive system and cannot be detected by other sensors or systems while it is going through its position determination operation. Furthermore, use of two linear arrays of sensors allows for the elimination of chronic effects inherent in radio frequency interferometers. The two linear arrays can be placed anywhere on a vehicle as long as they are in the same common geometric plane and in-flight mechanisms are provided to transform the coordinate systems from the in-flight platform coordinates to the local geodetic coordinates. This provides positioning and source identification which can be beneficial to not only the present system but other systems in the area. With the two linear arrays, a line-of-sight vector can be determined and other systems can be provided with this information in order to provide further details of the source position. Once a pointing vector has been determined, this information can be used with other active systems in order to provide a precise range and location of the source of the RF signals.
978638
try this:\n\nhttp://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/~akitaoka/index-e.html\n\nhttp://www.archimedes-lab.org/index_optical.html
511803
I had an essay on optical fibers last semester and this link was really, really helpful:\n\nhttp://electronics.howstuffworks.com/fiber-optic.htm\n\nWikipedia's not so bad too:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_optics
840206
It points straight down (if it is mounted so that it can do this) at the magnetic pole. The magnetic and geogrpahical poles do not coincide.
264618
Hi, I think you're great, but i'm not going to type for 5 hours when all you needed to do was put "fibre optics" into the search engine. \nTry here:\nhttp://electronics.howstuffworks.com/fiber-optic1.htm