why freon is used as refrigerant?
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In Depth\n\nDuring the mid-twentieth century, Freon® was little appreciated but indispensable. The DuPont-produced gas made widespread use of refrigerators and air conditioners possible and served as propellant in aerosol sprays of all types. Up to the 1920s, most commonly used refrigerants were exceedingly hazardous substances. Late in the decade, two scientists doing research for General Motors’ (GM) Frigidaire subsidiary, developed an inert, nontoxic, and odorless replacement chlorofluorocarbon gas (CFC) called Freon® . GM asked DuPont to develop the product on a large scale and a plant was built at Deepwater, New Jersey, in 1930. In their work with the substance, DuPont scientists discovered that Freon® also made an effective aerosol propellant. Related CFCs also proved effective as degreasing agents and as the basis for Teflon® , a remarkably durable and inert plastic. Freon® products were produced and marketed through a joint DuPont-GM venture called Kinetic Chemicals Company up to 1949 when the operations came under control of the Organic Chemicals Department.\n\nDemand for Freon® refrigerants and propellants continued to grow until the 1970s when scientific studies indicated that CFCs were depleting the ozone layer that shielded the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. During the 1980s DuPont began developing more environmentally friendly hydroflourocarbons, eventually marketed as Suva® refrigerants and Dymel® propellants. During the 1980s, federal regulatory agencies banned the use of chlorofluorocarbons and DuPont began phasing out production, producing its last CFCs in the developed countries in 1995. The difficulties faced by American producers and consumers alike in curtailing their use of Freon® were a testament to its profound impact on postwar life.
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Information on absorption refrigeration at this site:\nhttp://www.nicorinc.com/en_us/commercial/products_and_services/air_quality/absorption_works.htm
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The refrigerator works in the principle of Carnot’s cycle.\n\n The heat energy from the refrigerator (closed) is removed and is given out to the surrounding air.  \n\nThat is to say, by heating the external air the air inside the refrigerator is cooled.\n\nHence if the door is opened the cooling effect by the fridge is nullified by its heating effect.\n\nBut technically speaking, if you fit a refrigerator in the wall of a room so that the hot side is out side the room and the room is closed then depending upon the power of the refrigerator the room will be cooled with time.\n\nBut this is the principle used by air conditioning machine. Therefore one will prefer air conditioning rather than fitting a refrigerator.\n\nIn terms of thermodynamics, It is impossible to derive continuous supply of energy by cooling a body below the coldest of its surrounding.
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Besides the typical methods such as refrigeration which uses expanding freon or amonia gas to transfer heat or standard evaporation, two other electro-mechanical methods come to mind.\n\nOne method is a thermoelectric cooler which can heat or cool based on the direction of DC electric current flow. It is built from a junction of two metals which are different and when DC current passes through the junction, heating or cooling can occur depending on the direction of the flow of the DC current. This is known as the Peltier effect.\n\nThe second totally mechanical method is known as a Vortex seperator. Air is introduced at high speed into a tube with a curving vane inside. As the air spins up through the tube, the colder air, which is heavier is forced outside due to centrifical force while the air moving up the center is warmer and lighter than the cold air. The difference in the weights of the cold and warm air cause them to seperate from each other with the cold air unable to make the tight turns and is forced to the outside of the tube as it spins to the top. These units typically have a cold air output connection on the outside of the tube at the end and a warm air connection in the center of the tube at the end.
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In HVAC(heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) a condensing coil is a part of an air conditioning system. \n\nLiquid refrigerant is passed through an evaporator coil where it is turned to a gas and absorbs heat. It is then compreesd into a liquid and passed through a condenser coil where it expels heat. It returns then to the evaporator coil to continue the process. \nThe properties of pressurizing and depressurizing of refrigerants makes this entire process work.\n\n\nAnother form of condeser coil is part of a "retort". heated gases are passed through coils and as the gases cool in that coil, compounds condense (turn to liquid) and can be recovered or further processed. The image of an old whiskey still comes to mind, the copper coil on top is the condenser where the alcohol is collected.
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Consider a liquid (water) and its gas (steam).  To convert water to steam, you first have to heat water to 100 C.  At that point additional energy begins to boil the water.  This is the process where water molecules have enough energy to overcome the attractive force between them (called cohesion, in this case, due to the dipolar attraction between waters).\n\nYou are right in that gases are higher energy (could say hotter), but that's because they've taken the energy from whatever heat source was around when they vaporized.\n\nBack to the water example, water on your skin feels cold because it's absorbing heat from your skin and as the water evaporates, that heat is carried away by the vapor phase molecules (which are moving faster than the liquid form).\n\nThe fast-moving particles from your question have a lot of heat stored, that's why steam at 100 C is more likely to burn your skin than water at 100 C.  It has more heat to transfer.\n\nAs for freon, it depends on which freon you're talking about.  Freon 12 (one of the ones phased out because of ozone depletion) melts at -158 C (Merck Index).
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refrigerators and air conditioners give out CFC's (chloro fluoro carbons) which is leading to holes in ozone layer!
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Choloroflourocarbons, otherwise known as CFC's.  CFC's were primary ingredients in cooling systems of refrigerators, freezerd, and air conditioners.  They also found their way as propellants in spray cans and foam insulation and cushions.  Thomas Midgely, working I believe for DuPont invented them as an alternative to some corrosive, dangerous gases being used in fridges in early days. CFC's react with ozone in the stratosphere and break it down to ordinary oxygen.
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a refrigirator works by separating cold and heat, it's call a heat pump and can be used for both heating and cooling of small or large containers. It takes the cold and holds it inside and keeps the heat away. If you open the door of the refrigerator it equalizes the heat. The room temp will not go up or down but you will expend energy and burn your motor out.
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It takes energy to evaporate.  When a liquid reaches the evaporation point, an amount of the liquid starts to turn to a gas, to complete this transformation in state, it absorbs energy from the surrounding liquid which cools it.\n\nYour Air Conditioner works on the same principle.  In your attic is a coil where high pressure refridgerant is suddenly exposed to a low pressure zone inside the coil of your air conditioner.  When it meets this low pressure zone, it evaporates from a liquid to a gas.  Again, to make this state change, it absorbs energy from anything around it, in this case the air flowing over the coils provides that energy.\n\nThe gas then is pushed through the system out to your outside unit where the excess heat it absorbed is vented off and the gas is compressed back into a liquid.
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Q: What common product, used widely in homes and cars, was banned due to its impact upon the ozone layer?\n\nA: Freon
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The radiator in your car is a heat exchanger. It removes heat from your engine and puts it in the atmosphere.\n\nThe condenser in an air conditioner exchanges heat between the atomsphere and the refrigerant in the system. The evaporator coil in your AC exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the air in the house, car or what every is being cooled.\n\nIn a refinery or chemical plant you will find reboilers (they heat the fluid in a distillation column), overhead condensers (they cool the vapors coming off of a distillation column), feed preheaters that warm the fluid going to a distillation column.\n\nIn a steam power plant, you have steam condensers that condense the steam from the exhaust of steam turbines, boiler feed preheaters, combustion air preheaters. In a power plant that uses gas turbines there are waste heat recovery units that extract heat from the gas turbine exaust.
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the compressor is used to compress cold air to be used in the cooling process of a/c. you lose very little coolant in the production of a/c.it takes the humidity out of the surrounding air and that is why we see the outside of the a/c drip water. that is the water or humidity that has been taken out of our environment
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A refrigerator (often called a "fridge" for short) is an appliance for the storage and preservation of perishable food; food kept in a refrigerator lasts longer than that left at room temperature as the cold inhibits bacterial growth. A refrigerator maintains a cold temperature above the freezing point of water; commonly refrigerators are used in conjunction with freezers, which maintain temperatures below freezing, or a refrigerator may have an integrated freezer compartment. The refrigerator is a relatively modern invention amongst kitchen appliances. It replaced the common icebox which had been a household item for almost a century and a half prior, and is sometimes still called by the name "icebox".\n\nCommercial units, which go by many other names, were in use for almost 40 years prior to the common home models. The fact that they operated with toxic ammonia gas systems made them unsafe for home use. Practical household refrigerators were introduced in the 1920s and gained wider acceptance in the 1930s as prices fell and non-toxic, nonflammable synthetic refrigerants, such as Freon or R-12 refrigerants were introduced.\n\nthe advantages and disadvantages u can look straight to my source... it has many information... i hope this helps... good luck ^^
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There are several uses for this.  Generally for chemistry students the effort teaches them how the measurements are made, good laboratory techniques, and hopefully, some insight into chemistry and the physical sciences.  It doesn't always work, but it makes a good experiment. \n\nFor those who are in the business of using various substances, it is very important to know what their physical properties are, and how they relate to the physical properties of other substances.  Your air conditioner was designed around those measurements, as was your car, paint, furnace, and just about everything that was manufactured around you.  \n\nWhile nature obviously doesn't carefully record properties in a lab book, they are important to how plants and animals work, how hard rocks are, how ice forms, etc.  Without understanding these properties, we can't understand nature or ourselves completely.
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The basis of most (more than 95%) refrigeration systems is the ' vapour compression cycle". The media (vapour) is Refrigerant (hydrochlorofluorocarbons - HCFC or hydrofluorocarbons - HFC) or freon which is non-toxic, non-explosive and non-corrosive. These Refrigerants have a boiling point of aprox. Minus 40°C which means that even if the air (outside or inside) temperature is as low as minus 39°C it still has heat to be absorbed by refrigerants. \n\nThe vapour compression cycle requires four components:\n\n1) The compressor: To raise the pressure of low-pressure low temperature gas to high-pressure high temperature gas. There are many types of compressors; the most common are Reciprocating, Rotary, Scroll, Screw and Centrifugal. \n2) The Condenser: To change the state of high-pressure, high temperature gas to high-pressure, high temperature LIQUID. This is achieved by passing ambient air (known as air-cooled) or water (known as water-cooled) over the condenser tubes. \n3) The Expansion Device: The purpose of the device is to change the state of the refrigerant from high-pressure, high temperature liquid to low pressure low temperature saturated liquid. This is achieved by passing the liquid through an orifice. \n4) The Evaporator: To absorb the heat from room air or water, which in the case of a chiller is circulated around the evaporator coil. This will change the state of low-pressure, low temperature saturated liquid to low pressure, low/medium temperature gas. \nThese components are common to the vast majority of domestic refrigerators and appear in slightly different forms in 95% of air conditioning and refrigeration systems, Domestic, commercial or industrial. This vapour compression cycle if reversed (condenser becomes evaporator and visa versa) can now absorb heat from outside and transfer it to inside, hence saving energy. This is called Reverse Cycle Heat Pump. Energy savings can be as high as 4 to 1 (for every kW input we get 4 kW output).
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They could be converted using high pressures and low temperature refrigerant systems. \nThe cost of refrigeration for cooling them down to their condensing point, and actually condensing them is quite high. It is less expensive to process them as a gas as they are normally pipelined as a gas. The pressures required to keep methane as a liquid in a pipeline and the associated compressors, pumps, and fittings would make the pipeline very expensive!\nNGLs are, however, often condensed and stored as a liquid in cooled, high pressure tanks for use in peak natural gas demand situations.