How does electron confinement in an ion or molecule affect its color?
607087
The color of a substance is based on the light that it emits, typically after absorbing photons from an external source.  The movement of electrons from one energy level to another is what is typically responsible for the light we see.  If you ionize a substance, you affect the energy levels that are available to an electron to be excited to, or relax down to, and hence you affect its color.
979836
All elemets will give of colors when excited enough. Some take extremely high energy. Elements can be idntified by these colors. Some elements give off their colors easily, such as the metals in column 1 and 2 and copper. When placed in a flame the outer electrons jump to a higher energy level and when they fall back they fall a specific distance or wavelength. . We see it as the color we perceive.
753144
Due to conjugation given by NO2 group, molecule absorbe blue i.e. visible light & emits its complementary colour ( u might be knowing colour theory ) i.e. yellow.
30961
Since the spectra of a given element shows a discrete number of color bands (rather than a continuous specturm), and since the color of light relates to its energy, and since photons are released by the relaxation of electrons from a higher to a lower energy state, it follows that the gaps between energy levels are distinct and finite.  This means that the energy levels are quantized.
700772
Because the color of any object which does not emit light is really due to the effect of reflection, there are various ways in which color is "generated".\n\nThe color spectrum is Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet.  Because the light emitted by the Sun is most intense in the Yellow part of the spectrum, we see Yellow as the brightest "color".  Go in any direction away from Yellow and we see darker and darker colors. \n\nWe see the color of an object as the summation of the light that is reflected by that object.  When a piece of cloth or paper is wet, it absorbs water which fills in the spaces between the fibers.  Water reflects mostly in the blue spectrum, so that adds to the total light which is reflected by the object.  This added blue light makes the total light appear "darker" to us since it "drags" the spectrum of refelcted light away from Yellow.
560835
with travelling electrons.depending on their wavelength,colours are formed
845173
well, as you go down the table, the extra shells of electrons cause shielding of force applied on the electrons by the protons. this causes three effects that i know of. 1. the electrons are easier to remove. 2.the atom is less likely to attract another electron. 3. and the atoms bond radius increases. \nas you move across the table the greater number of protons and electrons(without adding shells)causes the attraction of electrons from the protons to increase. and causes three effects that i know of. 1.the electrons are harder to remove. 2.the atom is more likely to attract electrons. 3.and it causes the atom's bond radius to become smaller
335985
Hi there,\n\nTemperature vs colour goes red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet. It is simply the spectrum of light (think rainbow) because that is what it is based on.\n\nSo red light is actually the coolest, and as you go up the temperature scale, you run through the spectrum to violet.\n\nWhite light is a combination of ALL the different colours of light, so something which glows white hot is just releasing all different levels of energy, so it appears white. So in actual fact, blue (or more accurately violet) is hotter, because if something is blue hot, then it is releasing ALL really high levels of energy, but you rarely get anything which is completely blue hot - there is almost always some sort of mixture, and usually, the object glows white tinged with blue (which just means that the object is releasing all different levels of energy, but predominantly or mostly blue!)\n\nJust for your interest, the way this works is, when you heat something up, you are exposing it to invisible energy called "infra red" which is just heat. So when you touch something and it feels hot, you are simply sensing infra red energy!\nThis energy is "weaker" than light (so light is actually more energetic than heat), but if you let an object get hot enough, it stops being able to release the heat as just infra red and starts to release it as visible light. The hotter the object gets, the further along the spectrum is the light emitted.\nActually, if the object absorbs enough energy it will start to release Ultra Violet (UV) and X-Rays!
1180786
Charge is a property of atomic particles, the buidling blocks of matter. It can be positive (proton), negative (electrons) or neutral (neutron). Molecules can also be charged. Charges cannot be created or destroyed, they can only be added or subtracted (by adding or subtracting electrons usually). Its like the color of your hair. It could be brunnet, red or black. You can add pigments or it can fade several days later. But you cannot change a person's hair color permanently (of course some turn white when they get old though). So in this sense it is invariant.
154016
for positive ions take the electron configuration for the neutral atom and subtract the charge from the end.\nfor anions take the electron configuration for the neutral atom and add that many electrons to the end.
526886
In order:\n\n1) Red, blue, and green colour charges are distinct, but arbitrary, exactly like + and - electrical charges.  There is a difference between something positively charged and something negatively charged.  With quarks, it's simply that there are three different kinds of charge, instead of just two for electromagnetism.\n2) Because gluons are, themselves, influenced by the strong force, a correct description of the quantum force diagrams (penguin diagrams, if you know that term) must necessarily include higher order interactions than simply quark <-> gluon <-> quark.  The one you propose is, I believe, possible by the rules governing the quantum behaviour of quarks and gluons, as are many, many more distinct diagrams.\n3) There is no meaningful order.  RBG and RGB are both "colourless".\n4) String theory is outside of my area of expertise, I don't think I can address this issue in any meaningful way.
306034
It's the way the molecules are formed in any particular "color" item and the light that gets absorbed by those molecules.  The light that doesn't light absorbed is the color you see.
698421
Each element has it's own set of "spectral lines" that it gives off or absorbs.  Basically they are lines in a rainbow of color caused by electrons absorbing or giving off specific wavelengths of light.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_lines explains it much better then I could.
374484
Since the UV light has particular wavelength and energy, the atoms in the florescent material absorbs that energy and goes to excited state from ground state. but it nomore stable in the excited state. so it emits an energy with is in the range of visible region with some particular wavelength and returns to ground state. the wavelength corresponding colour is visible to us....
577164
Differs from element to element.\n\nLow oxidation states have colours like green, higher ones are bluish.
1187752
d)O and Cl. They have the least difference in electronegativity, so the shared pair of electrons is not drawn particularly towards any atom. Thus the molecule shows the least ionic character. Ionic character occurs when there is polarisation of a covalent bond.
946929
all the electrons are located in the electronic orbitals of the ion.\n\nYou may find this useful:\n\nhttp://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~chem251/documents/Vollhardt_1.ppt