Does anyone know how to summarize nuclear synthesis in words understandable to me? Appreciate the help thanks.
605498
i wont point you to a link :)\n\nNuclear Synthesis is the process which forms newer heavier elements (e.g. iron ) from lighter elements ( e.g. hydrogen ).\n\nit does NOT occur naturally on Earth and is known to occur within stars during the final stages in their lifetimes. \n\nelements differ from each other by the weight of their nucleus ( center )  with hydrogen being the simplest with a weight of 1 .\n\ncombining 4 hydrogens will make  helium and this process is what the sun uses to burn.  in turn,  helium can be "fused" to make other heavier elements such as oxygen and carbon for example. ( see the periodic table ).\n\nthe process of fusing atoms requires great temperatures and pressures that not are present on earth ( except in thermonuclear bombs ! ) .  \n\nit is thought that all the elements were once created in the center of the many stars !\n\nin essence, everything ( except for hydrogen ) is made of star stuff !\n\nhope i resolved your confusion.
62030
Protons and neutrons.
1187807
a phd student in chem looking for basic chem material on the web.\n\nright.\n\nstart here: http://www.carleton.ca/~rburk/chem1000\n\na textbook might also be useful.
627239
first of all, two elements combine to form molecules...not new elements, unless you are talking fusion, and that will involve radiation, not voltage (electric potential).\n\nsecond of all, there is no question here, unless you are asking if what you wrote makes sense.  If that is the question, then no, it does not make perfect sense.
1163963
Do you mean the molecular composition or macroscopic composition? There would be too much to post here so I suggest you visit the following\n\nhttp://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/B/Blood.html#formation
385240
The amount of energy generated by nuclear fission depends on the particular element involved and the preciseness of the split. For example, the splitting of one Uranium-235 atom can produce 200 MeV of energy (equivalent to 3.2 x 10E-11 joules) - while the splitting of a Plutonium-239 atom can create 210 MeV of energy.\n\nA good explanation of nuclear fission can be found in the article I've linked below:
809710
is you mean mass spectroscopy.. try this link...
589302
Read please...\n\n"THE MAKING OF THE ATOMIC BOMB" by Richard Rhodes
844475
Yes, you're somewhat right.. It's just a replacement of the 6 water molecules with 6 ammonia molecules.\n\nBut for each 'step' in a synthesis you must start with the product of the PREVIOUS step. So rewrite your equations.\n\nBy the way you're missing the chlorine in your equations as well.
493742
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/bomb.html\nhttp://hydrogen.kiwiki.homeip.net/\nhttp://whyfiles.org/186ed_teller/3.html
268969
not regurgitating from wikipedia, which isn't always correct OR understandable OR contains little information on the topic, here I go.\n\nUranium, as it's been said is a big atom which contains a whole lot of little pieces. There is something called "binding energy" that keeps all these little pices together. When a big atom undergoes all of this radioactive decay it goes from a smaller mass to a large mass. THe numbers are really small, but using Einstien's E=mc^2 any change of mass no matter how small will produce some meaningful amount of energy. Now, for 238 grams of Uranium, there are 6.023*10^23 atoms. So, you multiply the little miniscule energy emission by a very large number and you get a pretty big amount of energy.\n\nSo, short answer, becuase it is a big atom, it contains a lot of binding energy that is released when the atom splits.
908300
A chemical reaction involves only the electrons of the atoms -- the nucleus of each atom remains unchanged.  In addition, the same number of the same types of atoms is present after the reaction as was present before the reaction.\n\nA nuclear reaction involves a change of the nucleus of the atom(s), either splitting one large nucleus into one or more smaller nuclei (fission) or joining multiple nuclei together to form a larger nucleus (fusion).  This means that after a nuclear reaction, there are a different number of different types of atoms than there were before the nuclear reaction.\n\nIn addition, nuclear reaction tends to produce large amounts of high-energy photons (x-rays, gamma rays, etc) and nuclear particles (alpha and beta particles) as a result of the reaction.  Chemical reactions produce low-energy photons (heat and visible light) and do not produce nuclear particles.\n\nIn a nuclear reaction, some of the matter of the original atom is converted into energy -- so the resulting products will have less mass than the total mass of all the original material.  In a chemical reaction, the mass always remains the same because the same number and type of atoms are still present.
563214
Ok I think that what you don't understand and what really has not been pointed out yet is that radiation is produced by the decay ( or breakdown) of atoms in the nuclear material.\n\nSay you have a few pounds of nuclear waste. You have Billions and billions and billions of atoms. Remember Avogadro's number? That is the number in just a mole of material. Now imaging that number multiplied by the number of moles in a few pounds! That's a lot of atoms.\n\nNow a fire burns out because it runs out of material to burn. However with all those billions of atoms it could take tens of thousands of years for all the material to be used up.\n\nie if the half life is 10,000 years, that means we have only used up half the material in 10,000 years. So if we had 10 pounds of nuclear waster, in 10,000 years we would still be left with 5 pounds!\n\nNow think of Einsteins famous equation E=mc2.\nm is the mass, c is the speed of light squared, and E is the\nenergy you get out of it. As you can see, even in a very small amount of mass there is tremendous energy.\n\nSo sum it up, even though very small amounts are decaying and giving off large amounts of energy. It is going to take thousand and thousands of years before it is used up.that is why it lasts so long.
261052
The expression "split an atom" usually refers to "splitting" the nucleus of an atom. A multi-nucleon nucleus to be sure; if it only has one nucleon then it can't be split as such. By "splitting" we mean separating a nuleus into smaller nuclei. The technical term is "fission".\n\nA nucleus is composed of particles called protons and neutrons, held together by a force called the "strong nuclear force" which only acts over "nucleonic distances". In "competition" with this force is the electronic repulsion of all the protons in the nucleus, hence the strong nuclear force has to be greater than the electronic repulsion to hold the nucleus together.\n\nAny nucleus with a certain number of protons and neutrons, has a certain stability (actually this is not a strictly correct statment, but it would require going into a lot further detail to make it more accurate), all nuclei naturally tend to become more stable and this is typically "achieved" by releasing various types of particles including:\n\ngamma-rays (electromagnetic radiation)\n\nbeta-particles (electrons emitted from a neutron within the nucleus which is consequntly now a proton).\n\nNeutrons\n\nAlpha-particles which are nuclei themselves composed of 2 neutrons and two protons, (since it has two protons this is actually a Helium nucleus).\n\nEmission of an alpha particle could be considerd as fission but the term more commonly refers to a nuclues splitting "nearly in half", i.e. into two very large nuclei.\n\nSo to finally answer your question, fission can be induced by causing a nucleus to absorb a particle such as a neutron or a photon, which makes the nucleus less stable, ie. more likey to fission sooner. In practice this can be achieved many ways, but most boil down to providing an appropriate type of radiation to an apropriate nucleus, such a neutron to a U-238 nucleus.
450990
The mass of a nucleus indicates the number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus. An element can have more than one isotope eg Carbon 12 and Carbon 14. The former has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, The latter 6 protons and 8 neutrons. \n\nThe atomic weight of an isotope refers to the numbers of protons AND neutrons present. The atomic number of an element refers to the number of protons in all its isotopes.\n\nHydrogen, though normally just a solo proton in its nucleus, does have two isotopes, deuterium, with 1 neutron, and tritium with two neutrons.\n\nA recent question asked about silver, how many of each in its nucleus. Its atomic number is 47, so clearly 47 protons. Naturally-occurring silver is given as having  an atomic weight of 108, so answerers answered 61 neutrons.\n\nHowever there is a subtlety they missed..\n\nNaturally-occurring silver is a mixture of Ag 107 (60 neutrons) and Ag 109 (62 neutrons). (Slightly more than 50% of the former.).\n\nSo the average atomic weight of the two isotopes is 108. But there is no Ag 108 isotope present. The wrong inference was drawn.\n\nSeveral people above are confusing atomic weight and atomic number, and what they each mean. So if you don't understand several of the answers it is because they are jumbled versions of the true picture.
590885
sorry friend, but this not a question with a simple answer. yes, i know somebody who can interpret nmr spectra, but it involves a lot of computation. there are even whole journals devoted to it, so if it is urgent, you have lost.
93157
Isotopes are forms of an element whose nuclei have the same atomic number–-the number of protons in the nucleus--but different mass numbers because they contain different numbers of neutrons.\n\nThe word isotope, meaning at the same place, comes from the fact that all isotopes of an element are located at the same place on the periodic table.\n\nCollectively, the isotopes of the elements form the set of nuclides. A nuclide is a particular type of atomic nucleus, or more generally an agglomeration of protons and neutrons. Strictly speaking, it is more correct to say that an element such as fluorine consists of one stable nuclide rather than that it has one stable isotope.\n\nIn scientific nomenclature, isotopes (nuclides) are specified by the name of the particular element by a hyphen and the number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the atomic nucleus (e.g., helium-3, carbon-12, carbon-14, iron-57, uranium-238). In symbolic form, the number of nucleons is denoted as a superscripted prefix to the chemical symbol (e.g., 3He, 12C, 14C, 57Fe, 238U).\n\nSee link below for more info.