how can we get an ester separate from glycerine?
607827
I think this link will give you the answer!
971889
Definitly an ether, an ester would be ROOR'
20455
Chemically, a wax may be an ester of ethylene glycol (ethane 1,2-diol) and two fatty acids, as opposed to a fat which is an ester of glycerin (propane 1,2,3-triol) and three fatty acids. It is a type of lipid.
852358
By saponification (the way soap is made), ie treating the oil with a strong base, eg NaOH, then neutalizing the salt formed with acid, eg HCl.\n...RCOOR'... + NaOH ---> RCOONa + HOR'\n...RCOONa + HCl ---> ...RCOOH + NaCl\nThis is usually performed in aq phase, as an emulsion to start.  In the case of triglycerides, the salts and liberated glycerine are all soluble in water...but upon neutralization the acids precipitate out, and can be washed free of NaCl and glycerine.
713470
fatty acids and alcohol esters are easy, they just need:\n\n1. Heat\n2. Acid catalyst (often PTSA or sulfuric acid)\n2. Vacuum\n3. Nitrogen sparge\n\nthe alcohol group will react with the hydrogen on the fatty acid producing water, if the water is not remove, the bond will be hydrolyzed, which is why the vacuum is required to strip out the formed water.
1041301
Common table salt has other ingredients in it including sugar. It is not close to pure.   It would take very efficient purification.
480971
acetates are ionic, and will more easily dissolve in water than an oil. thats your best bet.
810926
Glycerol and fatty acids make phospholipids.  Fatty acid chains are nonpolar.
971081
Formula: you more or less answered your question yourself. It is any combination of glycerine esters with any combination of these acids.\n\nReaction with NaOH is saponification, resulting in glycerine and the free acids (or more specifically, acid rests as dissolved salts).\n\nReaction with hydrogen in the presence of Pt or Raney-Ni as catalysts will ultimately produce the triglycerides of the corresponding saturated acids. This is known as "hardening" of fats since saturated fatty acids tend to produce solid fats whereas unsaturated fatty acid triglycerides of comparable mass remain liquid at the same temperatures.\n\nReaction with bromine will result in electrophile addition of Bromine on the double bonds of the unsaturated acids.
90372
what kind of soap are you making? glycerin?
139153
try glycerine based soaps or lotions
251170
Diethyl Malonate looks like this:\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethyl_malonate\n\nWhat's strange is that 3-phenyl propanoic acid is quite simpler than that structure.\n\nMy first move would be to reduce those esters, because it's quite difficult to do a Grignard reaction without getting multiple additions.\n\nSo you react the ester with 2 equivalents of Lithium diisobutyl aluminium hydride (DIBALH), to yield 1,3 propan-di-al (malonaldehyde), a compound with an aldehyde at the end of each side of the propyl group.\n\nThen you react your product with 1 equivalent of phenyl magnesium bromide, with an acidic workup. That will add a phenyl group to one of the aldehydes, making it an alcohol. (the two are equivalent, but you will lose product because the Grignard may reduce both ... chromatography would be needed for this step)\n\nNext, oxidize the remaining aldehyde with Tollen's reagent, to get a carboxylic acid.\n\nThen, to remove the alcohol from the Grignard side of the aldehyde, you use the Barton reduction:(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barton-McCombie_deoxygenation)\n\nPhenylacetic acid would be hard to prepare in this way, because the carbon-carbon bonds would be difficult to break in the center of the molecule. Any ideas with anyone else?
318353
I believe one commercially viable method is to add concentrated sulfuric acid.  The alkenes will form alkyl hydrogen sulfates, which are soluble in the H2SO4 (or in H2O).  Alkanes do not readily react with H2SO4, so they will not dissolve in the polar solvent.\n\nThis method of separating liquids based on selective solubilities is called extraction.  Since there is a chemical reaction between the solvent and the alkenes, this is technically called "reactive extraction."
615612
1.  Oxidise toluene to benzoic acid using strong oxidising agents.  KMnO4 (aq) is strong enough to do this.\n\n2.  Convert you benzoic acid to benzoyl chloride, using (COCl)2 - oxalyl chloride/DMF(cat.) or SOCl2 or Ghosezs reagent or PPh3/CCl4 or PPh3/NCS etc - the former two being by far the most common methods.\n\n3.  Nitrate your malonic ester in the 2 position using isoamyl nitrate in the presence of a base, ie NaH or NaOMe.\n\n4.   Reduce your nitro to an amine (H2-Pd/C)\n\n5.  Acylate your amine with your prepared benazoyl chloride (DIPEA as a base, DCM as a solvent for example)\n\n6.  Saponify both your esters with 1M NaOH.\n\n7.  Acidify your sodium carboxylates to the free carboxylic acids and heat for a couple of hours to promote de-carboxylation.  This is a standard procedure so will work well\n\n8.  Isolate your prepared hippuric acid!\n\nThere will be many other methods - especially to prepare your methyl 2-aminomalonate.  You don;t need to form the acid chloride also.  You could just perform an amidation between your amine and benzoic acid in the presence of a coupling agent such as DIC/HOBt, CDI, HATU, PyBrOP etc etc - there are too many to mention.\n\nYou could also brominate your methyl malonate with Br2, to give methyl 2-bromomalonate.  Treat your benzoyl chloride with ammonia gas to give benzamide.  Then treating your benzamide with NaH to de-protonate your amide, and then treat with your methyl 2-bromomalonate will generate the same product as described in step 5 above.  Following the rest will give you your product.\n\nThere are more methods but hopefully this has given you some useful information.
923700
Fatty acids do not hydrolyse. Glycerides hydrolyse into fatty acid and glycerol.
627842
If you write your ester like this, C2H5COOH, it is not an ester, but a carboxylic acid.\n\nIf you write it as, CH3C00CH3, then it is the ester methyl ethanoate that is made of ethanoic acid and methanol.\n\nIf you write it as, HCOOC2H5, then it is the ester ethyl methanoate that is made of methanoic acid and ethanol.
485893
Check on the internet for the ratios used by comercial factories, then prepare a solution from glycol and water in the given proportion. That's all!!!