Does anyone know anything about the 16 points and the Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution in China?
607909
read this link:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Revolution\nand this one too,\nhttp://rwor.org/a/v20/960-69/966/redgrd.htm
525336
You should probably re evaluate your purpose in asking this question. The Soviet Union crumbled the old fashioned way, one voice at a time. Even the mighty Soviet Army would not turn its guns on its own people. China may not have achieved revolutionary status at Tienanmen Square but their actions spurred systemic economic and political change evident in China's growing economy today. Its never been about rifles its always been ideas that rule the day.
95504
One more thing: in my view, a communist government is superior to a capitalist system in war time. A communist country has a lot of parallels with the military: its organisation, mindset, allocation of resources etc...yet at the same time, a lack of violent protests when bodybags start coming home (just look at the casualties in the wave attacks they used to employ - see the film Enemy at the Gates?)...\n\nWith regard to ground troops, a lot of the numnbers you see are part of their paramilitary public security force (basically your police), and are relatively untrained in modern combat. Most of this force is defensive - however, this will probably change as China is seeking to project its presence around the region in the coming years. \n\nAs of this moment, the PLA's offensive capability is rather limited. The main stay of its air force is still based on the aging soviet warplanes, while the majority of its navy (with the exception of the Sovremenny Class destroyers carrying the sunburn missles) is ancient. The PLA is trying to build its own light carrier but this is estimated to take at least another 10 to 15 years. However, be mindful that superior technology is not everything: The US has not won any war in Asia since WWII....\n\nBTW, one of the people who answered your question stated that the PLA is undefeated other than the First Sino-Japanese war. This is incorrect on 2 fronts: (1) The PLA was formed only after 1949, before that, it was the communist party and Chiang Kai Shiek's Guomindang army. Both of these fought against the japanese but it was mainly the Guomingdang that faced the Japanese due to georgraphy; and (2) the PLA has fought a number of border wars with Vietnam in which they came out No. 2. \n\nMore importantly, look at it this way: China has been stepped on by the Western powers for the past 200 years (imagine your country losing a war and then having to give a lease of your land to other nations - Hong Kong, or have one of your cities split up among other countries - see Shanghai in the early 1900s). \n\nI believe that the country is basically not your aggressive war mongering nation from its historical actions (they prefer to bribe and make money rather than conquer by force). However, it has learnt the hard way that a country with a weak military force can and will be bullied by others. \n\nIn this modern day and age, a purely defensive force is insufficient for a country with ambitions to be respected internationally. \n\nMy view is that China is not only building up its defensive capabilities but also upgrading its offensive capability to counter potential threats like Taiwan (Taiwan has stated that it will flatten Chinese cities if it is invaded), Japan (historical reasons), the US (if they come into the picture on the Taiwan front) and maybe even North Korea (a belligerent & strong North Korea is not necessarily in China's best interest). \n\nAny large country with the ability to do so will do the same (see the Indian Army - ex russian aircraft carrier, Mig 29s as mainstays etc)
588471
Wow, both of these answerers got it pretty wrong (it wasn't a revolution that ended the USSR for starters).   This is still at tremendous subject however - I couldn't answer it without a few hours of writing I'm not willing to do to help you avoid your homework, so I suggest you start researching.  Even the wikipedia entries on the USSR, Afghanistan and Chernobyl would be good places to start.
346183
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_revolution\n\nchoose whatever you want here and follow the links. you will get the information you need.\nI dont know which russian revolution you want information on..
290905
You should go to china , Once upon a time (about 20 years ago),China government implemented a social movement against criminal activities called "yangda" ----burglary,rape,robbery,bribery etc...anything could sentence to immediate execution by gun-shot (relatives paid for bullets fee, How miserly the government is!!!)
282872
go to Singapore National Archives, they should be able to help you.  For a summary, go here: http://itclub.vs.moe.edu.sg/cyberfair2003/landmarks/tankimseng.html
237736
This is a very interesting topic. I'll contribute with a few of the things I have learned in my history studies.\n\nThe Qing dynasty was forced to cede Taiwan (along with certain other regions of mainland China) to Japan when Japan defeated China in a naval war in 1895. When the Japanese surrendered upon their defeat in 1945, control over Taiwan was assumed by the Chinese government currently recognized at that time: The Republic of China -a one-party state led by Chaing Kai-Shek.\n\nAt the time that Japan took over Taiwan, China was only beginning to bring Taiwan under effective central control, and Chinese control had certainly not penetrated very deeply into Taiwanese society. Although most Taiwanese at that time (as they still do today) certainly identified primarily with Chinese culture --but not necessarily a Chinese nation. Their identities were primarily local, and not national in the modern sense. That is, they did not consider themselves citizens of a Chinese nation. They identified primarily with clans, towns, and regions. The same can be said for most people in mainland China at that time. This was one of the main obstacles for leaders like Sun Yat-sen, Mao Zedong and Chian Kai-Shek. These local identities were an obstacle to overcome in their quest to make Chinese people feel part of a Chinese nation. \n\nAs a result of the (2) Opium Wars of the 1840s, China had already been forced to cede coastal territory to Britian, France and Germany. Being defeated by European powers was humiliating, but for cultural reasons, being defeated by Japan was even more humiliating for the Chinese. This was because Chinese considered their culture to be the superior culture in Asia, and being defeated by an inferior Asian culture was therefore more humiliating than being defaeted by a European power.\n\nJapanese took over administration of Taiwan and the other regions. For the first 30 years or so,  the Taiwanese and Chinese living under Japanese control weren't subjected to any greater degree of injustice or exploitation than they would have been under Chinese control. At that time, both China and Taiwan were still pre-modern feudal societies. During WW2, Japanese control became progressively more exploitative. \n\nJapan's war crimes against the civilian population of mainland China are well known. But in Taiwan --although Japanese administration was certainly unfair to Taiwanese-- there were relatively few cases of gross injustices. It was under Japaese control that Taiwan saw its first organized school system, first universities, first mechanized industries, and first railroads, among other modernizations. People were encouraged to learn Japanese, and learning Japanese was obligatory for schoolchildren. \n\nIn China, people have been educated for several generations to hate Japanese and see Japan as an enemy. Most Taiwanese, however, have an overwhelmingly positive opinion of Japan and Japanese culture. This is in large part because during the post-WW2 period, the enemy that Taiwanese were educated to fear was Communist China, so there was no particular reason for the government to encourage hate or fear of Japan.  Also, during this period, Taiwan and Japan developed along similar paths economically and culturaly, and were both open to Western investment and cultural influence. \n\nToday, both Taiwan and Japan have much more in common with each other than with the Peoples Repulic of China. Both are multi-party democracies with freedom of speech, freedom of the press, etc. Both have very open and vibrant civil societies. \n\nChina, unfortunately, is at least a generation behind in terms of cultural and political development.
378363
Until the invasion of China into Tibet in 1959, Tibet has been a sovereign country for centuries. Being forcefully overrun by an other country is rarely pleasant, but for the Tibetans it turned into a real disaster in the years following the take-over. People died during the invasion, although few Tibetans (being Buddhist) fought. Later consequences of Mao's policies proved devastating to the country.\nFor example, the central Beijing government ordered that certain crops should be grown in Tibet. Many of these crops were simply not suitable for the high altitude climate, resulting in many Tibetans starving to death.\nPossibly the best known disaster is the fact that in Tibet nearly all culture, philosophy and education was tightly related to Buddhism. As in Mao's China religion was considered a poison to the people, Tibetan Buddhism was almost literally wiped out. Of the estimated 6,000 monasteries, nunneries and temples only a handful were not fully destroyed. Monks and nuns were forced to break their vows and often killed if they were not prepared to break them. With the destruction of Buddhism, nearly all of Tibets cultural identity also vanished.\nHis Holiness the Dalai Lama is probably the best known propagator to a peaceful solution for the preservation of Tibetan culture and religion, but the Chinese authorities have managed not only to ignore his efforts, but to virtually bully the rest of the world into silence on the subject. (Often along the lines of: "If you want to trade with us, shut up on human rights." This method even bullied the Americans into submission....)\n\nconsidering china's population & weapons, do you think tibetans can defend themselves, even without buddhism?\n\nCould we say that the non-violent approach of the Buddhist Tibetan poeple may have provoked more violence to themselves, to the point of actually loosing their culture, and the teaching of non-violence in itself ?\n\nWar is out of date, obsolete. (dalai lama)\n1st realization: changing, decaying is inevitable.\n\nMany Buddhists have refused to take up arms under any circumstances, even knowing that they would be killed as a result. The Buddhist code that governs the life of monks permits them to defend themselves, but it forbids them to kill, even in self-defence.\n\nFor Buddhist countries this poses the difficult dilemma of how to protect the rights and lives of their citizens without breaking the principle of nonviolence.\n\nThe pure Buddhist attitude is shown in this story:\n\n    "A Vietnam veteran was overheard rebuking the Vietnamese Buddhist monk, Thich Nhat Hanh, about his unswerving dedication to non-violence.\n\n    'You're a fool' said the veteran 'what if someone had wiped out all the Buddhists in the world and you were the last one left. Would you not try to kill the person who was trying to kill you, and in doing so save Buddhism?!'\n\n    Thich Nhat Hanh answered patiently 'It would be better to let him kill me. If there is any truth to Buddhism and the Dharma it will not disappear from the face of the earth, but will reappear when seekers of truth are ready to rediscover it.\n\n    'In killing I would be betraying and abandoning the very teachings I would be seeking to preserve. So it would be better to let him kill me and remain true to the spirit of the Dharma.'"
639062
Which Revolution?\nAmerican, French, Russian, Chinese?
113456
The fall of Yuan ( The Mongal imperial dynasty )\n\n   In the 1350's, the pace of rebellion picked up. Several rebel leaders, almost all of whom came from the merchant or lower classes, seized cities and set themselves up as kings or even, with just a small bit of territory, proclaimed themselves Emperor. China was no longer in the control of the Emperor—it had been carved up among the rebel warlords. \n\n   One of these warlords was called Kuo Tzu-hsing; he controlled the territory of Anhui. However, it isn't Kuo Tzu-hsing that interests us; it is, rather, the general he appointed in 1355, Chu Yüan-chang, who would become the founder of the Ming dynasty. Chu was a peasant; along with Liu Bang (ruled 206-195 BC), he was the only peasant to found a Chinese dynasty. When Kuo Tzu-hsing died, Chu set about his real ambition: conquering the whole of China. It is said that a scholar told him he would succeed if he followed three rules: a.) build strong city walls; b.) gather as much grain in storage as possible; c.) be slow to assume titles. Chu followed these rules assiduously. \n\n   With his army, Chu slowly conquered one warlord's territory after another while carefully watching the government's army. By 1368, he had conquered all of southern China; this is the date at which the Ming dynasty officially begins. By 1369 he had driven the Mongols out of China. Except for Szechwan in the east (which was conquered in 1371) and Yünnan in the southeast (conquered in 1382), Chu controlled all of China in 1369.
578543
PRevious answer was sort of right.\n\nThe Chinese government is still Communist- in Tiannamen Square many students had gathered to protest the Chinese government.  The government sent in troops and tanks to dispell the protesters, and when they refused to leave- used force against them.
1086979
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/entertainment/2006-06/07/xin_090603070857741318246.jpg\nor\nhttp://www.suntimes.com/output/entertainment/cst-ftr-shiloh09.html
380964
They are listed here:\n\nhttp://lcymeeke.nobody.jp/snow_mp3/Level1_Shanghai.html
1142964
No, I could not tolerate living under a Communist dictatorship.  I appreciate that it has modernized somewhat, but it's still communism.  And as to the Chinese culture, I wonder how much of it is left after the Maoist "cultural revolution."  \n\nEven if I thought I could learn the language (and I don't), I could not live there.
212890
I believe you need to know the unit......But here are the campaigns for which the Bronze Star was awarded during those years:\n-- Chinese Communist Forces Intervention (Army, USAF): November 3, 1950 to January 24, 1951.\n-- Communist China Aggression (Navy): November 3, 1950 to January 24, 1951.\n-- First United Nations Counteroffensive (Army, Navy, USAF): January 25 to April 21, 1951.\n-- Chinese Communist Forces Spring Offensive (Army, Navy, USAF): April 22 to July 8, 1951.\n-- United Nations Summer-Fall Offensive (Army, Navy, USAF): July 9 to November 27, 1951.\n-- Second Korean Winter (Army, Navy, USAF): November 28, 1951 to April 30, 1952.\n-- Korean Defense Summer-Fall, 1952 (Army, Navy, USAF): May 1 to November 30, 1952.\n-- Third Korean Winter (Army, Navy, USAF): December 1, 1951 to April 30, 1953.\n-- Korea, Summer 1953 (Army, Navy, USAF): May 1, 1953 to July 27, 1953.\nHope that helps.
1046153
try:\n\nhttp://open.bbc.co.uk/catalogue/infax/programme/ANBG093J\n\nhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/prisons/story/0,,1713625,00.html\n\nhttp://www.revolutionarycommunistgroup.com/frfi/154/154-pri.htm