what is subsurface drip irrigation?
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Traditional drip irrigation is found above ground, with subsurface drip irrigation the lines can be buried below ground for a long, trouble-free life. Subsurface irrigation allows the precise application of water, nutrients and other agro- chemicals directly to the root zone of plants. This allows the farmer to optimize the growing environment and leads to higher quality and quantity crop yields.
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Transpiration and concentration gradients
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Aquifer , in hydrology, a porous layer of rock capable of storing, filtering, and releasing water. The rock layer, or stratum, contains many pore spaces which, when connected, form a matrix allowing movement of water through the rock.There are two types of aquifer: confined aquifers and groundwater aquifers.\n\nget pics on google
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The simple way is to make a solor still. Dig a hole, fill with some salt water.  Take some plastic (big enough to cover hole) Weigh it down around the edges so that it wouldn't move or blow away leave a hint of slack in it.  Put a smal rock in the middle.  Put a can/cup ect under the rock. As the water evaporates it will collect on the plastic, on drip from where the rock is.  Drips fall in cup.  Fresh water.  You can boil sea water and cool steam, collect drips in bucket.
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Sorry to answer your question with a question, but are you designing a submersible pump?  And if so, what have you done so far?
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http://www.biologyreference.com/Ve-Z/Water-Movement-in-Plants.html\n\nThe Cohesion-Tension Theory\nThe major mechanism for long-distance water transport is described by the cohesion-tension theory, whereby the driving force of transport is transpiration, that is, the evaporation of water from the leaf surfaces. Water molecules cohere (stick together), and are pulled up the plant by the tension, or pulling force, exerted by evaporation at the leaf surface.\n\nWater will always move toward a site with lower water potential, which is a measure of the chemical free energy of water. By definition, pure water has a water potential of 0 MegaPascals (MPa). In contrast, at 20 percent relative humidity, the water potential of the atmosphere is -500 MPa. This difference signifies that water will tend to evaporate into the atmosphere. The water within plants also has a negative potential, indicating water will tend to evaporate into the air from the leaf. The leaves of crop plants often function at -1 MPa, and some desert plants can tolerate leaf water potentials as low as -10 MPa. The water in plants can exist at such low water potentials due to the cohesive forces of water molecules. The chemical structure of water molecules is such that they cohere very strongly. By the cohesion-tension theory, when sunlight strikes a leaf, the resultant evaporation first causes a drop in leaf water potential. This causes water to move from stem to leaf, lowering the water potential in the stem, which in turn causes water to move from root to stem, and soil to root. This serves to pull water up through the xylem tissue of the plant.\nFrom Root to Leaf\nPlants have root hairs and often mycorrhizal fungi at the root surface, both of which serve to filter the soil water as it enters the plant. Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between plant roots and fungi. The root cells and mycorrhizal fungi both actively uptake certain mineral nutrients. Mycorrhizae can be particularly important for the uptake of phosphate. The active uptake of minerals by living cells of the root and the subsequent transfer of minerals to the xylem can result in positive root pressures, with water potentials above 0 MPa. This occurs only under certain conditions, such as at night or during rainstorms, when water loss from the leaves is minimal. Such positive root pressures disappear with the onset of leaf transpiration.\n\nWater molecules move from the soil into living cells of the root, and eventually into the transport cells of the xylem, known as tracheids and vessels. These xylem cells are dead and hollow, allowing rapid water transport. They also have hardened cell walls to help them resist the tendency to collapse as water is sucked through them. Both tracheids and vessels \n\n \nA drop of guttation, water extruded by a plant's root pressure, on a blade of grass. have pits on the sides of their walls, which include porous areas for side-to-side transport. Unlike tracheids, a vessel is composed of many cells stacked end to end, with perforations between cells, allowing for more efficient transport.\n\nThe long-distance transport of the water molecule occurs first within the xylem cells of the root, then the xylem of the stem and branch, and then into the xylem of a leaf midrib and vein. Driven by transpiration, the water molecule is pulled from the nonliving tracheids and vessels of the xylem in the living cells of the leaf mesophyll (middle layer) and to the surface of mesophyll cell walls. The water molecule then evaporates into a leaf inter-cellular air space and finally out of a stomatal pore and into the atmosphere. Though photosynthetic action consumes some water, only a small fraction of the water that travels through the plant is used directly for the photo-synthetic reaction, which occurs in leaf mesophyll cells. Instead, most water is lost by transpiration through the stomates.\nThe Role of Stomates\nLeaves of land plants are covered with a waxy cuticle that pr
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http://natres.psu.ac.th/Link/SoilCongress/bdd/symp9/1375-t.pdf
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Soak in the ground.\nEvaporate.
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water consumption varies with the type of fixture
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The machine consists of a screw inside a hollow pipe. The lower end of the device is put in the water, and the screw is then turned (usually by a windmill or by animal or human labor). As the bottom end of the tube turns, it scoops up an amount of water. This puddle of water will slide up in the spiral tube as the shaft is turned, until finally it falls out from the top of the spiral tube and feeds the irrigation system.
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http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/
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If, in a drought crisis, you no longer have\nfresh water to irrigate outdoor plantings, can you\nuse dishwater, bathwater or laundry water\nwithout hurting the plants? \n\nYes, if you use\nreasonable care.\n\nBut, first, a warning: Household wash\nwater-also called "graywater"-contains food\nresidues and other organic matter that may attract\ninsects and rodents. It also may contain bacteria\nand viruses that could cause illness. Public health\nofficials have indicated that it may be used for\nhome irrigation-but only in localities where no\nother water is available for that purpose.\n\nHere are some guidelines: \n\n(1) The safest\nhousehold use of "graywater" is to flush toilets.\n(Don't put it in the tank; pour it directly into the\nbowl.) \n(2) Don't let it touch the edible parts of\nplants. \n(3) Use it only as a temporary measure\nduring a water shortage crisis.\nIn any case, check with your local health and\nbuilding officials before making any use of\n"graywater."\n\nEffects on plants\n\nHousehold wash water is much better for\nplants than no water at all, but there are possible\nproblems. If your home does not have a water\nsoftener, your bathwater and rinse water from\ndishes and laundry are all of good quality for\nirrigation. Soapy wash water from dishes and\nlaundry might better be saved to flush the toilet,\nbut can be used for irrigation if you're careful\nabout certain possible problems. \n\nSee the link below for additional information.
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http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/subducvolc_page.html\n\nstratovolcanoes\n\nbut on land your answer is probably going to be basaltic
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Regular irrigation will often cause salts to rise to the surface.  To get rid of them it is necessary to flush out of the rooting zone occasionally by irrigating longer and deeper than usual.\n\nFertilizers also contain salts, the measurement of salt in the fertilizer is called the salt index.  I recommend using fertilizers with a salt index of less than 100.
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Look at home drainage designs where a barrel is buried underground and filled with rock to prevent it from crushing inward. These systems are used to remove surface runoff and increase absorption rates. Also, look at septic system designs.
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you must be seriously bored... are you serious about this one? its because the soil sokes the water making it wet
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Before the pineapple plantations, a geologists discovered the large aquifer(Maui Oahu?) and drilled for the artisan well. It is dry where the plants are, wet on the other side of the mountains where it feeds the groundwater.