what are examples of cases of devolution and deconcentration in botswana?
595340
Too many to name here. good luck
893308
Here are some sites that may help you:\n\nhttp://www.answers.com/topic/colonization-of-africa\nhttp://www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/essays/comp/cw25colonizationafrica.htm\nhttp://www.yaleslavery.org/TownGown/coloniz.html
222219
This is a very lengthy topic.\n\nBriefly:\nAristocracy,\nMilitary Bureaucracy,\nCivil Bureaucracy,\nTechnocrates,\nMiddle class,\nLower Class comprising of rural poor and urban poor.
596413
Shortly after independence, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities.\n\nSome apparently
1171305
From my own memory\n\nFrom Africa\n\nUpper Volta = Burkina Faso\nDahomey = Benin\nGold Coast = Ghana\nUbangi Shari = Central African Republic\nBechuanaland = Botswana\nBasutoland = Lesotho\nNorth Rhodesia = Zambia\nSouth Rhodesia = Zimbabwe\n\nAll these countries (and  others I couldn't remember) changed names after the end of colonialism in Africa, starting with Ghana in 1957 and ending with Zimbabwe in 1980.  These nations wanted to get rid of their former colonial names and revert/invent to local names.\n\n\nFrom Europe\n\nFormer Soviet Union broken into the 15 states of:\n(European)            (Central Asian)\nRussia                    Kyrgistan\nUkraine                   Tajikistan\nBelarus                   Turkmenistan \nMoldova                   Kazakhstan\nLatvia                       Uzbekistan\nLithuania\nEstonia\nArmenia\nGeorgia\nAzerbaijan\n\nThe Former Yugoslavia broken into:\nSerbia & Montenegro (both to become independent entities)\nCroatia\nBosnia and Herzegovina\nMacedonia\nSlovenia\n\nAll these nations existed as separate entities before they were incorporated into the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, respectively.  They achieved independence after the dissolution of their respective parent states due to the falling of the Iron Curtain in the period 1989-1991.\n\nIn Asia\n\nBurma = Myanmar\nCambodia = Kampuchea\nDutch East Indies = Indonesia\n\nBurma was changed to Myanmar by the SLORC in 1989, Cambodia to Kampuchea by the Khmer Rouge in 1975.  Here again, they changed the names to get rid of their colonial names.\n\nFor more info (and to find others I may have missed)\n\n http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Former_colonies
223556
The height of the British Empire was around 1921.\n\nThe end of Britain's Empire in Africa came with exceptional rapidity, often leaving the newly-independent states ill-equipped to deal with the challenges of sovereignty: Ghana's independence (1957) after a ten-year nationalist political campaign was followed by that of Nigeria (1960), Sierra Leone and Tanganyika (1961), Uganda (1962), Kenya and Zanzibar (1963), The Gambia (1965), Botswana (formerly Bechuanaland) and Lesotho (formerly Basutoland) (1966) and Swaziland (1968).\n\nBritish withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was complicated by the region's white settler populations: Kenya had already provided an example in the Mau Mau Uprising of violent conflict exacerbated by white landownership and reluctance to concede majority rule. White minority rule in South Africa remained a source of bitterness within the Commonwealth until the ending of apartheid policy in 1994.\n\nAlthough the white-dominated Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland ended in the independence of Malawi (formerly Nyasaland) and Zambia (the former Northern Rhodesia) in 1964, Southern Rhodesia's white minority (a self-governing colony since 1923) declared independence with their UDI rather than submit to equality with black Africans. The support of South Africa's apartheid government kept the Rhodesian regime in place until 1979, when agreement was reached on majority rule in an independent Zimbabwe.\n\nMost of Britain's Caribbean territories opted for eventual separate independence after the failure of the West Indies Federation (1958–62): Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago (1962) were followed into statehood by Barbados (1966) and the smaller islands of the eastern Caribbean (1970s and 1980s). Britain's Pacific dependencies underwent a similar process of decolonisation in the latter decades. At the end of Britain's 99-year lease of the mainland New Territories, Hong Kong became a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China in 1997.
747110
Try this website for information on the obstacles African nations face in achieving political stability and economic prosperity:\n\nhttp://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v2/v2i3a3.htm
91226
There's no doubt Africa is in a bad way right now.  However, we must remember that most African countries are less than 50 years old.  Even the US was still having problems at that point.  Africa was more exploited by colonizers, and so it only makes sense there are more problems.  However, progress is being made.  Democracy is the way of rule in many countries, having progressed from dictatorships-- Ghana is a good example.  Botswana is doing well economically (comparatively).  Africa is moving forward, and that in itself is cause for hope.
773116
Total stagnation of the company or organisation.  Probably the worst examples of this are the National Health and Local Government.  The main features are a proliferation of managers  and assistant managers and various sub divisions! All trying to justify their existence by issuing more and more paper work!  Very shortly you get more managers than workers and these poor souls spend most of their time filling in forms!  Eventually the whole lot implodes.  Then nobody has a job.  It was a feature of all communist countries and that led to corruption and that led to economic collapse.  The EU is a prime example.
804306
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/south_africa_pol_2005.jpg
804287
To utterly demolish it.  Those were different times with different circumstances. There were no pre existing laws that were broke and now there are.
1033176
the term is emancipated
239208
Go to this link, it has pretty clear information on examples of disfranchisement in American history:\n\nhttp://64.233.179.104/search?q=cache:wV_7ZoV3D0kJ:www.hss.caltech.edu/~kousser/dictionary%2520entries/disfranchisement.pdf+disfranchisement&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=4\n\n\nThis link has a broader range of information on disfranchisement:\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disfranchisement
418435
Hi, All african countries have cars and houses so that's the wrong way to put it.  Judged by Gross Domestic Product we have unusual answers.  Yes, first South Africa is far ahead, but the other four contenders are Botswana, Namibia, Tunisia and Gabon.  All these countries have different development strategies, and I'd say that Botswana and Gabon are not developed at all, they simply have natural resources and a small population.  Botswana has diamonds, and Gabon has oil, but Botswana has a nearly 40% AIDS rate, and Gabon has most of its country as undeveloped jungle, with nearly no industries.  \n\nMy answers would be \n1) South Africa: it's industrialised and now with the end of Apartheid many blacks have risen to economic success. \n2) Tunisia: they've managed to become a prime tourist destination and use the money for industrialisation, they've done it all without oil or diamonds.\n3) Namibia: Quite similar to South Africa, was in fact part of Apartheid South Africa until 1992, so again industry created by European settlers with the usual problems of bad distribution and exclusion of the native population. \n4) Marocco: Another tourist destination in Africa, but they have done not as well as Tunisia in terms of lifting the rest of the population out of poverty.  \n5) An unlikely answer, but Ivory Coast: They were essentially doing well before the war and are likely to bounce back after it, the prosperity was starting to cause ethnic tensions and that really brought the country down in 2002.\n\nI exclude places like Algeria where despite the oil boom, most people live in fear.  Libya is still a one-man rule, I'll wait and see on that case.  I'm not impressed by oil or diamonds when they can't help an AIDS crisis or create good housing for all, so places like Gabon don't figure high in my statistics.  \n\nOh, and some the islands of Africa (Cap verde, Seychells, Mauritius are doing relatively well, partly due to offshore financial centres, and tourism).  But offshore finance also gives a veil of secrecy for capital to escape out of the resource rich countries, therefore harming the countries like Nigeria which is oil rich.  So Mauritius bankers are actually causing poverty in rest of Africa... see below the link.
295942
talk about the colonization, and particularly, what happened when they left. When they left, because the africans wanted freedom, they took all of the educated people with them. They basically left (through various means) the africans with no experience in running their own country, no education, no recourses, no help, etc. Corruption quickly sprang up, lots of civil wars and discontent ensued. Good luck with the essay! Hope that helped a bit!
723952
§Democratization is the process by which a country becomes a democracy.\n§Consolidation is successful democratization.\n§Sodaro offers hypotheses about conditions for successful democratization. \n\nDemocracy is a choice. That could be because of economics, freedom, prestige, morality, blind acceptance of inherited principles. Critical mass of people must perceive democracy to be somehow “in their interest.”
729616
Could you give a few examples please?