Who invented the fiber-optic cable?
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Optical communication systems date back to the 1790s, to the optical semaphore telegraph invented by French inventor Claude Chappe. In 1880, Alexander Graham Bell patented an optical telephone system, which he called the Photophone. However, his earlier invention, the telephone, was more practical and took tangible shape. The Photophone remained an experimental invention and never materialized. During the 1920s, John Logie Baird in England and Clarence W. Hansell in the United States patented the idea of using arrays of hollow pipes or transparent rods to transmit images for television or facsimile systems. \n\nIn 1954, Dutch scientist Abraham Van Heel and British scientist Harold H. Hopkins separately wrote papers on imaging bundles. Hopkins reported on imaging bundles of unclad fibers, whereas Van Heel reported on simple bundles of clad fibers. Van Heel covered a bare fiber with a transparent cladding of a lower refractive index. This protected the fiber reflection surface from outside distortion and greatly reduced interference between fibers.\n\nAbraham Van Heel is also notable for another contribution. Stimulated by a conversation with the American optical physicist Brian O'Brien, Van Heel made the crucial innovation of cladding fiber-optic cables. All earlier fibers developed were bare and lacked any form of cladding, with total internal reflection occurring at a glass-air interface. Abraham Van Heel covered a bare fiber or glass or plastic with a transparent cladding of lower refractive index. This protected the total reflection surface from contamination and greatly reduced cross talk between fibers. By 1960, glass-clad fibers had attenuation of about 1 decibel (dB) per meter, fine for medical imaging, but much too high for communications. In 1961, Elias Snitzer of American Optical published a theoretical description of a fiber with a core so small it could carry light with only one waveguide mode. Snitzer's proposal was acceptable for a medical instrument looking inside the human, but the fiber had a light loss of 1 dB per meter. Communication devices needed to operate over much longer distances and required a light loss of no more than 10 or 20 dB per kilometer.\n\nBy 1964, a critical and theoretical specification was identified by Dr. Charles K. Kao for long-range communication devices, the 10 or 20 dB of light loss per kilometer standard. Dr. Kao also illustrated the need for a purer form of glass to help reduce light loss. \n\nIn the summer of 1970, one team of researchers began experimenting with fused silica, a material capable of extreme purity with a high melting point and a low refractive index. Corning Glass researchers Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, and Peter Schultz invented fiber-optic wire or "optical waveguide fibers" (patent no. 3,711,262), which was capable of carrying 65,000 times more information than copper wire, through which information carried by a pattern of light waves could be decoded at a destination even a thousand miles away. The team had solved the decibel-loss problem presented by Dr. Kao. The team had developed an SMF with loss of 17 dB/km at 633 nm by doping titanium into the fiber core. By June of 1972, Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, and Peter Schultz invented multimode germanium-doped fiber with a loss of 4 dB per kilometer and much greater strength than titanium-doped fiber. By 1973, John MacChesney developed a modified chemical vapor-deposition process for fiber manufacture at Bell Labs. This process spearheaded the commercial manufacture of fiber-optic cable.\n\nIn April 1977, General Telephone and Electronics tested and deployed the world's first live telephone traffic through a fiber-optic system running at 6 Mbps, in Long Beach, California. They were soon followed by Bell in May 1977, with an optical telephone communication system installed in the downtown Chicago area, covering a distance of 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers). Each optical-fiber pair carried the equiva
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Thomas Alva Edison invented the light bulb, the phonograph, automatic telegraph, motograph, paraffin paper(which was used to wrap candy), electric pen, carbon rheostat, microtasimeter, sockets, switches, insulating tape, gummed paper tape, magnetic ore separator, life-sized electric railway, motion picture camera, steel alkaline storage battery, and many other things.  He had 1,368 different patents.
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a school science project?\nhow about a demonstration of how light flows through fiber optic cable, how you can change the color with a color wheel, change the look with different diameter fiber cable and lengths. you could make a really cool display that looks like a galaxy or some celestial picture...only thing is it has to be viewed in complete darkness, so you may have to build it in a box- or just turn out the lights. you could relate how it has effected the telecommunications world, etc...\nonly thing is may be hard to find cable at a cheap price with out buying bulk- but if you are resourceful you may do it, or you could buy cheap pens, or a hobby store may carry it. then as a light source use an LED and make a color wheel with clear plastic sheeting and colored sharpie pens, and battery energy source.\n\nhttp://www.cablecominc.com/fiber.jpg\nhttp://www.network-cables-guide.co.uk/images/fibre-optic.jpg\nhttp://www.arcelect.com/fibercable.htm\nhttp://electronics.howstuffworks.com/fiber-optic.htm\nhttp://www.delmartrading.com/images/products/FiberOpticPen.jpg\n\ngood luck, have fun
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Kinda\n\nPhilo Farnsworth invented the Cathode Ray Tube and Image Dissector, which, combined, made for the first wireless picture transmission.  He did so in the late 20s (culminating around '30) at his research lab at 303 Green Street in San Francisco.
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History of Television Time line\nTelevision was not invented by a single inventor, instead many people working together and alone, contributed to the evolution of TV. \n1831: Joseph Henry's and Michael Faraday's work with electromagnetism makes possible the era of electronic communication to begin.\n1862: Abbe Giovanna Caselli invents his "pantelegraph" and becomes the first person to transmit a still image over wires.\n1873: Scientists May and Smith experiment with selenium and light, this opens the door for inventors to transform images into electronic signals.\n1876: Boston civil servant George Carey was thinking about complete television systems and in 1877 he put forward drawings for what he called a "selenium camera" that would allow people to "see by electricity." Eugen Goldstein coins the term "cathode rays" to describe the light emitted when an electric current was forced through a vacuum tube.\nLate 1870's: Scientists and engineers like Paiva, Figuier, and Senlecq were suggesting alternative designs for "telectroscopes."\n1880: Inventors like Bell and Edison theorize about telephone devices that transmit image as well as sound. Bell's photophone used light to transmit sound and he wanted to advance his device for image sending. George Carey builds a rudimentary system with light-sensitive cells. \n1881: Sheldon Bidwell experiments with telephotography, another photophone.\n1884: Paul Nipkow sends images over wires using a rotating metal disk technology calling it the "electric telescope" with 18 lines of resolution. \n1900:  At the World's Fair in Paris, the 1st International Congress of Electricity was held, where Russian, Constantin Perskyi made the first known use of the word "television."\nSoon after, the momentum shifted from ideas and discussions to physical development of TV systems. Two paths were followed:\n1.Mechanical television - based on Nipkow's rotating disks, and\n2.Electronic television - based on the cathode ray tube work done independently in 1907 by English inventor A.A. Campbell-Swinton and Russian scientist Boris Rosing. \n1906: Lee de Forest invents the "Audion" vacuum tube that proved essential to electronics. The Audion was the first tube with the ablity to amplify signals. Boris Rosing combines Nipkow's disk and a cathode ray tube and builds the first working mechanical TV system.\n1907: Campbell Swinton and Boris Rosing suggest using cathode ray tubes to transmit images - independent of each other, they both develop electronic scanning methods of reproducing images.\nAmerican Charles Jenkins and Scotsman John Baird followed the mechanical model while Philo Farnsworth, working independently in San Francisco, and Russian émigré Vladimir Zworkin, working for Westinghouse and later RCA, advanced the electronic model.\n1923: Vladimir Zworykin patents his iconscope a TV camera tube based on Campbell Swinton's ideas. The iconscope, which he called an "electric eye" becomes the cornerstone for further television development. He later develops the kinescope for picture display.\n1924 - 1925: American Charles Jenkins and John Baird from Scotland, each demonstrate the mechanical transmissions of images over wire circuits. Photo Left: Jenkin's Radiovisor Model 100 circa 1931, sold as a kit. Baird becomes the first person to transmit moving silhouette images using a mechanical system based on Nipkow's disk. Vladimir Zworykin patents a color television system.\n1926: John Baird operates a 30 lines of resolution system at 5 frames per second.\n1927: Bell Telephone and the U.S. Department of Commerce conduct the first long distance use of TV, between Washington D.C. and New York City on April 9th. Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover commented, “Today we have, in a sense, the transmission of sight for the first time in the world’s history. Human genius has now destroyed th
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber
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-07-27: No one person invented the Internet as we know it today. However, certain major figures contributed major breakthroughs: \nLeonard Kleinrock was the first to publish a paper about the idea of packet switching, which is essential to the Internet. He did so in 1961. Packet switching is the idea that packets of data can be "routed" from one place to another based on address information carried in the data, much like the address on a letter. Packet switching replaces the older concept of "circuit switching," in which an actual electrical circuit is established all the way from the source to the destination. Circuit switching is the idea behind traditional telephone exchanges. \n\nJ.C.R. Licklider was the first to describe an Internet-like worldwide network of computers, in 1962. He called it the "Galactic Network." \n\nLarry G. Roberts created the first functioning long-distance computer networks in 1965 and designed the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), the seed from which the modern Internet grew, in 1966. \n\nBob Kahn and Vint Cerf invented the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) which moves data on the modern Internet, in 1972 and 1973. \n\nBy 1983, TCP was the standard and ARPANET began to resemble the modern Internet in many respects. The ARPANET itself was taken out of commission in 1990. Most restrictions on commercial Internet traffic ended in 1991, with the last limitations removed in 1995. \n\nFor a much more complete history, see the web site of the Internet Society. \n\nNote that the Internet and the World Wide Web are not the same thing. See also: who invented the World Wide Web?, What is the difference between the World Wide Web and the Internet? and See also Hobbes' Internet Timeline for another excellent history of the Internet which includes later important events. \n\nNOTE TO STUDENTS: THE INTERNET WAS NOT INVENTED BY ONE PERSON OR GROUP OF PEOPLE. THERE IS NO ONE INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBLE. I get a lot of email about this. If I gave you just one name, my answer would be completely wrong. Writing down one name on a test will probably get you a bad grade. If your teacher says that one person invented the Internet, show them this page. And don't forget, the Internet and the World Wide Web are NOT the same thing. See What is the difference between the World Wide Web and the Internet?
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Bill Gates  (who created microsoft that created the internet)
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Edison did not invent the electric lightbulb, which was pioneered by Heinrich Goebel in 1854. Goebel's lamps lasted up to 400 hours, but he did not patent them. Other light bulbs were created by James Woodward and Matthew Evans (patented in 1875) and equipped with carbon filament by Joseph Swan in 1878. However,it was Edison's relentless and endless experimentation that made the lightbulb a practical, commercial proposition. He purchased the 1875 patent and had a team of developers try many alternative materials and thus was eventually able to prolong the burning time in 1879.\nOn November 21, 1877 and he demonstrated the device for the first time on November 29 (he patented it on February 19, 1878).  , Edison invented the phonograph.\nEdison patented the Kinetoscope on August 31, 1887.
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Leo Baekeland\nSetting out to make an insulator, he invented the first true plastic and transformed the world\n1907
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Here are some links to help you out http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bltelevision.htm\n\nGood Luck!!!
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FIBER OPTICS IS USED ON LONGWIRES FROM CENTRAL OFFICE TO CENTRAL OFFICE !  WHERE COPPER WIRES ARE USED FOR DISTRIBUTION FROM THE CENTRAL OFFICE TO THE USER!\n\nFIBER OPTICS IS USED BY MAJOR COOPERATIONS IN CONNECTING THEIR SWITCH TO THE MAIN LINE.  AND ON CERTAIN LEASE LINES CONNECTIONS AGAIN BY MAJOR COOPERATIONS USING A WIDE BANDWITH WHICH TODAY IS USUALLY DIGITAL DATA, BUT CAN EASILY BE TELEVISION FEED! THRU LEASE LINES.\n\nFIBER OPTICS IS AT A MAJOR DATA TRANSMISSION LEVEL OR IN INDUSTRY IT IS USED WHERE MAGNETIC INFLUENCES LIKE WELDING IN SHIPBUILDING INTERFERE WITH DATA SO THEY USE FIBRE OPTICS EXCLUSIVELY ALMOST NO COPPER WIRE AROUND THE NUMERIC CONTROL DATA LINES IN THE AUTOMATIC WELDING AND CONTROLS FOR CUTTING STEEL AND WELDING SHIPS TOGETHER!\n\n\nTHATS ABOUT IT ALSO IN THE AIRFRAME BUILDING INDUSTRY!  WHERE MAGNETIC INFLUENCE MESSES UP THE NCR EQUIPMENT!\n\nHOPE THAT HELPS YOU OUR SOMEWHAT!\n\n\nHAVE A GOOD DAY!\n\n\nAPS
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No one person invented the Internet as we know it today. However, certain major figures contributed major breakthroughs: \nLeonard Kleinrock was the first to publish a paper about the idea of packet switching, which is essential to the Internet. He did so in 1961. Packet switching is the idea that packets of data can be "routed" from one place to another based on address information carried in the data, much like the address on a letter. Packet switching replaces the older concept of "circuit switching," in which an actual electrical circuit is established all the way from the source to the destination. Circuit switching was the idea behind traditional telephone exchanges.
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Augustine Fresnel invented the Fresnel lens. (used in lighthouse)\n\nspotlight or searchlight, In 1892 such apparatus was used along the English Channel ( I was thinking it goes back to the ancient Greeks)\n...\nIn 1916 Edison invented a portable electric apparatus powered by storage batteries. ... The electric arc was generally employed after the American inventor E. A. Sperry introduced (1915) his high-intensity arc lamp based on principles that still predominate in modern searchlight equipment.
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No one person invented the Internet as we know it today. However, certain major figures contributed major breakthroughs:\n\n(1) Leonard Kleinrock was the first to publish a paper about the idea of packet switching, which is essential to the Internet. He did so in 1961.\n\n(2) J.C.R. Licklider was the first to describe an Internet-like worldwide network of computers, in 1962. He called it the "Galactic Network."\n\n(3) Larry G. Roberts created the first functioning long-distance computer networks in 1965 and designed the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), the seed from which the modern Internet grew, in 1966.\n\n(4) Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf invented the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) which moves data on the modern Internet, in 1972 and 1973.\n\n(5) By 1983, TCP was the standard and ARPANET began to resemble the modern Internet in many respects. The ARPANET itself was taken out of commission in 1990. Most restrictions on commercial Internet traffic ended in 1991, with the last limitations removed in 1995. NCSA Mosaic web browser also came out in 1993, the first browser that supported both text and graphics.\n\nFor an excellent article on history and evolution of the Internet, refer to the following links:\nhttp://www.isoc.org/internet/history/\nhttp://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml\n\nOn the lighter side, as popularly said, 'Al Gore' invented the internet. That's not the truth. Refer to http://answers.yahoo.com/question/;_ylt=AjD6K1uz8OfCRUVj37IHU_YjzKIX?qid=1005121801557 to get an insight on this issue.
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10 years- fiber optic?  not yet.  Power cables will be the supply of telecommunications.  the power we currently get runs between 1-60Hz... yet the cables are so wide they can handle well into the Tera-hertz.  Com ed is already experimenting on multiplexing signals to bring voice, TV, and data to... EVERYWHERE!  The power grid encompasses everything and has NO ZONING!  You would travel with a small lightweight access box... plug into the wall... an ethernet cable to the lap top... and voila!  your on YOUR internet and phone account EVERYWHERE you go.  The lines are already laid which means the system is ready to go.  fiber cables still have to be laid all over and run to each and every home and business.\n\n20 years- fiber?  maybe.  its important to remember that there isnt a single technology that utilizes fiber to its full capacity.  how do we know?  because we dont know the maximum bandwidth of fiber cables.\n\n30 years- fiber?  probably.  at this point we should have wireless access everywhere, internet on our wrist watch, and TV streamed directly to our brain by the Motorola/AT&T/Coca-Cola/Chinese Government/ABC-TimeWarner conglomeration.  oh dont forget the TIVO add-on shoe sole insert.
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The balloon you see today was invented by Michael Faraday in the 1800's, but the manufacturing did not start until the early 1900's.