why we find oncogenes in our genomes?
613105
let's define a few terms first... ;p\n\nan oncogene is a modified gene that increases the malignancy of a tumor cell. some oncogenes usually involved in cancer development increase the chance that a normal cell develops into a tumor cell, possibly resulting in cancer.\n\na proto-oncogene is a normal gene that can become an oncogene, either after mutation or increased expression. proto-oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate cell growth and differentiation. proto-oncogenes are also often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals, usually through its protein product. upon activation, it or its product becomes a tumor inducing agent, an oncogene.\n\nthus... since the activation of the proto-oncogenes either by mutation or increased expression could both occur naturally, then i guess inducing or manipulating these proto-oncogenes to become oncogenes in laboratories is done solely for further studies and research purposes. i think these endeavors more or less aim to equip us with the knowledge and means to better understand how to deal, treat and maybe even prevent it as well as its effects... and definitely not with the intent of killing people...
286293
Cancer cells have mutations in the genes that control the cell cycle.  Some of these \ngenes tell the cell cycle to proceed, in other words they are "go" genes like the \naccelerator in your car.  These are called proto-oncogenes.  Some of these genes \ntell the cell cycle to stop when the cell is done dividing and no more cells are \nneeded.  These are called tumor suppressor genes.  They are like the brake on your \ncar.  If either of these are mutated, it causes the cell cycle to go too fast, like \nhaving your accelerator stuck to the floor or losing your brakes.  So the cancer cells \ndivide too fast and pile up in one area, this is called a tumor.\nThis is an extremely complex issue.  Essentially cell cycle is everything\nwhen it comes to control of growth in cells and that is just what cancer\nis...a loss in the control of cell growth.  There are many known and\nprobably far too many more unknown control points in the cell cycle that\nnormal cells lose when the become cancerous.  These can be in any of the\nstages, G1, G2, or even S.  There are a number of genes which exert control\nin the cell cycle, on eof the best known is P53 which is implicated in over\n50% of human cancers.\n\nHope this helps!
311503
Because you want to test a portion which is unique.  The vast majority of our DNA is exactly like everyone else's- In the normal gene sequence, you might literally have a stretch of 10,000 base pairs without a single difference.  It's like that because it's critical that there not be mutationsm.  The variable regions do not code for proteins, and thus it's not critical that the cell maintain this sequence- It can vary without hurting the cell (or the person).  Because of that, there are a great many mutations in these area, making them unique, and therefore useful for identification.
298657
Cancer is characterised by mutations in genes that lead to uncontrolled cell growth, dvision and differentiation. Mitosis plays a great role in cancer development in that the cancer cells divide by mitosis, where the the daughter cells are diploid. Meiosis is another kind of division carried out in gametes (sperm cells and egg cells) where a daughter cell is haploid. So, somatic or body cells where cancer is developing divide in an uncontrolled manner by mitosis.
681303
In addition to the above individuals with cancer may have cells with a different DNA sequence due to deletions, mutations, and additions.  \n\nThere is also a possibility that an individual can have mossaicism causing different cells in the body to have a different DNA sequence.  Mossaicism occurs when two embryos merge to form one in the uterus.  In most cases a majority of the cells will have one DNA a sequence, but some tissues will have a different sequence from the embryo that was 'absorbed.'
389443
Finding the cure for cancer.
852458
there is a tumour suppressor gene that mutates and dont work. the new cell growth just keeps going there is no stop
821379
Mapping the genetic code was the easy part. Genes are responsible for the development of proteins that are used to build our bodies. Understanding THAT process and learning how to control is is significantly more challenging.
327006
You're trying to say you have a synthetic chromosome. I would check all the experiments for contamination, and check the cells for endogenous expression before jumping to that conclusion. There are a lot of hurdles to leap, as mentioned in the other posts.
81064
No. We don't even have that information for the human species as whole, much less for any individual.\n\nIf you have a few thousand dollars to spend you could get your genome sequenced completely. That stil wouldn't tell you what traits you have and wouldn't even tell you very much about what genes you have. But thatis the absolute best you can hope for.
403578
No. Readers Digest or National Geographic, not sure which one has asked for volunteers to send in swab for genetic mapping. Many people have responded. It is only a matter of time now as it is before we all know where in the world we originated from. Discrimination occurs all too frequently for other reasons, why add one more? Anyway environment has just as much to due with genes mutating and causing cancer. Look at articles on "Chernobyl" 10 years after.
686938
causes cancer\ni guess
24788
there are many mutations that happened to be beneficial to humans. for example, sickle cell anemia mutations created a positive effect in africa where malaria was prevalent
119760
they thoguht they needed more genes to code for all the proteins we have, but what actually happens is in genes there are "junk" sections that code for nothing and are removed when copied, but what actually happens is that different cells spice the sections differently, picking to kepp some "junk"parts, makeing totally different proteins from the same gene. This is an explaination of why there are less genes than they thought, it is not an unexplained miracle
1153098
All kind of things can cause cancer. To avoid to it would be best to have good genes and live in a sealed bubble.
556349
Cancer is not just one disease, but a large group of almost 100 diseases. Its two main characteristics are uncontrolled growth of the cells in the human body and the ability of these cells to migrate from the original site and spread to distant sites. If the spread is not controlled, cancer can result in death.\n\n\n  Description\n\n\n\nOne out of every four deaths in the United States is from cancer. It is second only to heart disease as a cause of death in the states. About 1.2 million Americans are diagnosed with cancer annually; more than 500,000 die of cancer annually.\n\n\nCancer can attack anyone. Since the occurrence of cancer increases as individuals age, most of the cases are seen in adults, middle-aged or older. Sixty percent of all cancers are diagnosed in people who are older than 65 years of age. The most common cancers are skin cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer (in women), and prostate cancer (in men). In addition, cancer of the kidneys, ovaries, uterus, pancreas, bladder, rectum, and blood and lymph node cancer (leukemias and lymphomas) are also included among the 12 major cancers that affect most Americans.\n\n\nCancer, by definition, is a disease of the genes. A gene is a small part of DNA, which is the master molecule of the cell. Genes make "proteins," which are the ultimate workhorses of the cells. It is these proteins that allow our bodies to carry out all the many processes that permit us to breathe, think, move, etc.\n\n\nThroughout people's lives, the cells in their bodies are growing, dividing, and replacing themselves. Many genes produce proteins that are involved in controlling the processes of cell growth and division. An alteration (mutation) to the DNA molecule can disrupt the genes and produce faulty proteins. This causes the cell to become abnormal and lose its restraints on growth. The abnormal cell begins to divide uncontrollably and eventually forms a new growth known as a "tumor" or neoplasm (medical term for cancer meaning "new growth").\n\n\nIn a healthy individual, the immune system can recognize the neoplastic cells and destroy them before they get a chance to divide. However, some mutant cells may escape immune detection and survive to become tumors or cancers.\n\n\nTumors are of two types, benign or malignant. A benign tumor is not considered cancer. It is slow growing, does not spread or invade surrounding tissue, and once it is removed, doesn't usually recur. A malignant tumor, on the other hand, is cancer. It invades surrounding tissue and spreads to other parts of the body. If the cancer cells have spread to the surrounding tissues, even after the malignant tumor is removed, it generally recurs.\n\n\nA majority of cancers are caused by changes in the cell's DNA because of damage due to the environment. Environmental factors that are responsible for causing the initial mutation in the DNA are called carcinogens, and there are many types.\n\n\nThere are some cancers that have a genetic basis. In other words, an individual could inherit faulty DNA from his parents, which could predispose him to getting cancer. While there is scientific evidence that both factors (environmental and genetic) play a role, less than 10% of all cancers are purely hereditary. Cancers that are known to have a hereditary link are breast cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer. Besides genes, certain physiological traits could be inherited and could contribute to cancers. For example, inheriting fair skin makes a person more likely to develop skin cancer, but only if he or she also has prolonged exposure to intensive sunlight.\n\n\nThere are several different types of cancers:\n\n\nCarcinomas are cancers that arise in the epithelium (the layer of cells covering the body's surface and lining the internal organs and various glands). Ninety percent of human cancers fall into this category. Carcinomas can be subdivided into two types: a
870015
genes, are made up of coded information. It is these codes or mutations of code that contain information that determine your characteristics.