how did the relationship with the environment influence the tombs and temples of the egyptians?
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Um,let's see. The Nile River, which I believe begins at Lake Victoria in Africa, every year had a "flood" (from melting snows in the mountains around the lake) in which the river would literally overflow flooding the surrounding areas which then created a "season" or "seasons " of planting and harvesting (I do have a point, hang on). This "cycle", if you will, eventually evolved and created the civilization of the Egytians whose economy, religion, societal regulations and the royal hierarchy form of government. Because of the development of this birth/death/rebirth concept of religion (if I am incorrect here someone kindly correct me) which evolved due to the above-mentioned river flooding (birth), planting (death) and harvesting (re-birth), the Egyptian religion and philosophy was one of "you CAN take it with you" because if your heart was "judged" to be "good" indicated by the symbol of a feather (paraphrasing for space issues here) you crossed over into the "underworld" of the god "Anubis". So, many of the pharoahs (kings), their relatives, and other 'high society' types were buried with not only their physical belongings but also with their "slaves" or servants and gold and money and anything they would need to live in the afterworld.\nNow, if you're still with me, according to the Time/Life "Great Ages of Man" "Ancient Egypt" book, many of the gods of Egypt were associated with the animals who lived in the areas around the river. If you look at some of the gods of Egypt, there are many with heads of animals:i.e. Horus with the head of a bird, Anubis with the jackal head and Thoth with both an ibis and a baboon head, to name a few. This is one way in which the environment had a direct impact on the Egyptians and their lives, deaths and especially their monuments such as the pyramids and burial temples in the Valley of the Kings. Because the weather of that general area of the world is and was hot and arid(dry)the temples and monuments of the Egyptian kings and queens took advantage of the heat to build such monuments as the pyramids (again,someone correct me if I am wrong)! The Nile river and it's relationship to the burial sites of the Egyptians was one of total involvement and influence. Everything about the Egyptians revolved around the river which literally created their civilization.\nI hope this helped.\nAlso: I have just read a news report this week(source unknown) that the waters which have and do supply the Nile river's life-giving waters since the record of human existence in that area will dry up in approximately 20 years!! This is a serious concern because this will have a worldwide impact on the earth and its living inhabitants! I don't know whom to contact about dealing with this problem immediately, but if anyone does, kindly let me and everyone else know!!
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Pyramids of Egypt \nPharos of Alexandria \nHanging Gardens of Babylon\n The Temple of Artemis \nStatue of Zeus \n Mausoleum at Halicarnassus \n The Colossus of Rhodes
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Egyptology is the scientific study of Ancient Egypt and Egyptian antiquities and is a regional and thematic branch of the larger disciplines of ancient history and archaeology. A practitioner of the discipline is an Egyptologist.
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General History of Pyramids in Egypt and Nubia:\n\nThe pyramid is thought to have developed out of the mastaba tomb. Mastaba is an Arabic word, meaning bench, which was applied to the flat-topped, slope sided superstructures of tombs. The pyramid is also thought to be associated with solar worship and the "ben-ben" stone which played a major role in sun worship and was vaguely pyramid shaped.\n\nIn the 3rd Dynasty, several mastabas were stacked forming the Step Pyramid of King Djoser. By the 4th Dynasty in the reign of Snefru attempts at building a true pyramid were underway. The pyramids of the 4th and 5th Dynasties, including those at Giza, essentially reflect the further refinement of the pyramid, the chambers within it, and the associated temple complexes. Eventually the standard style was an orientation of east to west (significant in Egyptian religion), with a pyramid temple, located directly on the east side of the pyramid, and a causeway leading to the "valley temple" located near the Nile at the edge of the cultivation.\nWhile it is accepted by reputable Egyptologists that pyramids served as burials for kings, the exact details of the theology behind them remains unclear. One idea, popularized I believe by Dr. Mark Lehner, one of the foremost experts on Egyptian pyramids, is that pyramids served as "resurrection machines" providing all the necessary means for eternal life with the gods for the dead king.\nIn the late 5th Dynasty in the Pyramid of Unas at Saqqara, we have the first appearance of formal texts within the pyramid itself - the appropriately-named Pyramid Texts. These texts are somewhat esoteric and are essentially a collection of spells, stories, and guides relating to the Underworld. Initially these texts were limited to royalty. In succeeding pyramids, elements of the Pyramid Texts were included in the "Coffin Texts" of the First Intermediate and Middle Kingdom and in the "Book of the Dead" of the New Kingdom - texts available to a broad spectrum of society.\n\nPyramid construction continued in the Middle Kingdom - again limited to royalty, but not on the grand scale of the Old Kingdom. The last known royal pyramids located in Egypt are that of King Ahmose, founder of the 18th Dynasty of the New Kingdom (ca. 1550 BCE) and the pyramid-cenotaph constructed for his grandmother, Queen Tetisheri. Both are located at Abydos.\n\nIn the New Kingdom, pyramids came to be part of tombs for reasonably wealthy private individuals - frequently added to the exterior portico area of rock-cut cliff tombs or appearing as architectural elements of brick constructed tombs in varous parts of Egypt.\n\nThe Napatan and Meroitic kingdoms in Nubia (modern Sudan) also used the pyramid for royal burials at sites such as El-Kurru and Nuri. While the Napatan kings ruled Egypt for a time during the 25th Dynasty and were buried in pyramids, those pyramids were located in Nubia proper.\nPyramid Construction:\n\nPyramid construction relied on highly skilled teams of workmen who were housed nearby the pyramid fields - in the Old Kingdom located in the general vicinity of the ancient capital Memphis at sites now knows as Giza, Saqqara, Meidum, and Dashur. A few pyramids in the Middle Kingdom were located near the Fayum, roughly Middle Egypt.\nIn addition to the full-time workmen, there was likely a seasonal labor requirement asked of the lower classes of Egyptian society - a sort of taxation, often referred to by the French term "corvee" labor. This is distinct from slavery. While the ancient Greek historian Herodotus (writing over a thousand years after the construction of the pyramids at Giza) reported that he was told the pyramids at Giza were constructed by slaves, Herodotus was wrong about any number of things in his reports and may not even have visited Egypt in person, so he is usually not taken as a realiable source.\n\nThe book by Mark Lehner mentioned below contains an
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Yes , \nThe mummification process if very different , \nPeru people didn't have pyramids , and didn't bury their kings in the deserts , and mountains like Egyptian did to secure the tombs . \nThe Peruvians used to kill all the women and servants and bury them with the king ,Egyptians didn't do so, \nPeruvians also had used to get out the dead king and dress him in fine clothe and put him on litters , and carry him in the streets in some occasions , this didn't happen ever in Egypt.\nAlso Peruvians scarified children but Egyptians didn't.
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Listed In Order!!!\n\nA gigantic stone structure near the ancient city of Memphis, serving as a tomb for the Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu \n\nThe Great Pyramid of Giza \n\nA palace with legendary gardens built on the banks of the Euphrates river by King Nebuchadnezzar II \n\nThe Hanging Gardens of Babylon\n\nAn enormous statue of the Greek father of gods, carved by the great sculptor Pheidias \n\nThe Statue of Zeus at Olympia\n\nA beautiful temple in Asia Minor erected in honor of the Greek goddess of hunting and wild nature \n\nThe Temple of Artemis at Ephesus\n\nA fascinating tomb constructed for King Maussollos, Persian satrap of Caria \n\nThe Mausoleum at Halicarnassus\n\nA colossus of Helios the sun-god, erected by the Greeks near the harbor of a Mediterranean Island \n\nThe Colossus of Rhodes\n\nA lighthouse built by the Ptolemies on the island of Pharos off the coast of their capital city \n\nThe Lighthouse of Alexandria
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I'm not entirely sure to what it is you're referring.  Most Egyptian pyramids are built of stone blocks or slabs - roughly dressed on the interior and smoothed on the exterior.  Typically the stone is limestone for the exterior, with the occasional use of granite on lower courses.  Interior chambers in the pyramid itself or subterranean chambers were frequently lined with a different type of stone - granite was a popular choice.\n\nThe peaks of the larger (ie. royal) pyramids are now large flat spaces now that stone has been robbed out and the pyramidia (capstones) have been removed.  The capstones, from what we know from contemporary inscriptions and a few examples that have actually been found were essentially little pyramids in miniature, each face was inscribed with the name of the pyramid  - each royal pyramid was named, usually a name including the nomen and/or prenomen of the king for whom it was built.  Additional inscriptions usually concerned the sun god and/or were specific to the cardinal direction that face of the pyramid faced.\n\nIt is extraordinarily unlikely that Egyptian pyramids serve as radio receivers and even more unlikely that they were designed to do so.  They were tombs.
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They study people and societies in past by examining material remains, including pottery, stone and metal artifacts, buildings and environmental evidence such as animal bones, seeds and insect remains.
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The most famous such example is Abu Simbel in Egypt. The entire temple was carved out of a mountain -- and almost unbelievably, the entire temple was cut out of the mountain and moved to another location in the 1970's, to prevent it being submerged by the Aswan High Dam.
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Excellent thought. And for that matter, why didn't God support the Pharaoh Akhenaten when he tried to introduce monotheism to Egypt long before Moses?
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Some of the famous royal tombs that are on the regular tourist routes in Egypt besides that of Tutankhamun include:\n\n- The Step Pyramid of Djoser of the 3rd Dynast at Saqqara.\n- The pyramid(s) of Snefru of the 4th Dynasty at Dashur.\n- The pyramids of the 4th Dynasty rulers Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure at Giza.\n- The mastaba of the vizier of Teti of the 6th Dynasty, Mereruka at Saqqara\n- Any number of tombs in the Valley of the Kings at Thebes, dating to the New Kingdom and including that of Tutankhamun.\n- the tombs of the high elite of the late 18th Dynasty at Saqqara including that of Maya and the tomb prepared for Horemheb before he became king.\n- The northern and southern groups of tombs at Amarna dating to the Amarna period, reign of Akhenaten, of the 18th Dynasty at Tell el-Amarna.
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The Nile Valley has been a site of continuous human habitation since at least the Paleolithic. Traces of these early peoples appear in the form of artifacts and rock carvings along the terraces of the Nile and in the desert oases. In the 10th millennium BC, a grain-grinding culture using the earliest type of sickle blades had been replaced by another culture of hunter-gatherers and fishers using stone tools. Climate changes and/or overgrazing around 8000 BC began to desiccate the pastoral lands of Egypt, eventually forming the Sahara. Early tribal peoples migrated to the Nile River where they developed a settled agricultural economy and more centralized society.[4]\n\nWiki loves you.  Love the Wiki.\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt
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It depends on your perspective.  When the Pharaohs constructed their tombs they did so knowing grave robbers would try to unearth the items stored there for the journey to the afterworld.  Many false tunnels and doors were placed in the structure of the tomb to trap and confuse the grave robbers.  Some plans worked, others didn't.  Besides that, court Priests were said to have said magical words over the site for added protection and made sure the general population knew it.  It was a psychological ploy to stop the grave robbers.  Guardian statues were placed in various locations to "enforce" this spiritual protection.\n\nNature, however, has lent the ancient Pharaohs a hand, a deadly hand.  As you may have heard or read or seen on television programs, items were left in the tomb for the use of the Pharaoh in his afterlife.  These were the same items he used in life.  His boat, his hunting bow, his chariot, some tombs even contained his wife and servants.  Along with these items were bowls and jars of food.\n\nDuring the years the food supported microbial life.  This microbial life became poisonous because of oxygen depletion over the centuries.  When the tombs were opened the spores were disturbed and the "invader" breathed in the spores.  Many explorers became deathly ill, others died.\n\nYou may want to check WikiPedias' version of the curse at this site:   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse_of_the_Pharaohs     You may also wish to check out this colorful site on the Curse of the Pharaohs:   http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/curse.htm\n\nGood Luck, I hope this information helps.
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Yes, I visited Egypt in 1982.\nBack then, it was a treat visiting the Cairo Museum, and the pyramids and sphinx at Giza.  I love seeing the history of Egypt.\nPeople were fairly nice, but the country was filthy dirty.  I hope someone has cleaned it up since then.
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The Egyption. see source
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Some curriculums teach that Africa was the\nprimary influence in the knowledge that we\nhave today.  Certainly Egypt had an impact\non civilization, but the Greeks developed an\namazing society, some of which was lost in\nthe rise of the Roman empire and later during\nthe dark ages.  The Renaissance or rediscovering\ncentered around the Greek civilizatin instead of\nEgypt.  Much of Africa has always consisted mostly of\nscattered peoples with little widespread influence.
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http://www.rockwood.k12.mo.us/rsouth/gieseler/EGYPT/farming_along_the_nile.htm\nhttp://www.digitalblair.net/E_farming.htm\nhttp://www.kingtutshop.com/freeinfo/Ancient-Egyptian-Calendar.htm\nCHeck out these sites as well as this one\nhttp://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/\nI think you might find your answers there. There is a cool game too about the flood and growing crops. Enjoy.