what is the property of matter that depends on the force of gravity acting on the object? intertia?
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Mass. I think.Depending on how strong the gravity is your mass changes.
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Gravity is the basic force. There is also a positive feedback effect; the more massive a cluster becomes, the more strongly it draws other particles and clusters toward it.
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Here you go :D This is the Definition  (astrophysics)\n\nA point in space-time at which gravitational forces cause matter to have infinite density and infinitesimal volume, and space and time to become infinitely distorted.
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a:  specific gravity is the ratio a subtances density compared to water or other reference material.  Density is weight per unit volume.\n\nb: mass is amount of substance, weight is the mass as it is affected by gravity.
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The force of gravity preforms work by applying a force (weight) over a distance (the distance the object falls).  Energy is required to do work.  The energy required in order for gravity to do work on an object comes from the object's gravitational potential energy which it has inherently by virtue of being at some [non-infinite] distance away from another massive body.\n\nHow the object got to be at its given distance so as to obtain its gravitational potential energy is irrelevant as it only matters that it does have some potential energy which will be lost/converted as gravity does work.  The object could have been placed there by someone lifting it up against gravity, or the obiject could have always been seperated all the way back from the point of the formation of the universe, it does not matter.
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Force, in physics, any action or influence that accelerates, or changes the velocity of, an object. Force is a vector, which means that it has both direction and magnitude. When several forces act on an object, the forces can be combined to give a resultant, or net force. The resultant force acting on an object, the object's mass, and the acceleration of the object are all related to each other by Newton's second law of motion, named after the 17th-century physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton. The second law of motion states that the acceleration an object experiences multiplied by the mass of the object is equal to the resultant force acting on an object. Thus, if a given force acts on two objects of different mass, the object with a larger mass will have a lower acceleration. See Mechanics.\n\nAn object experiences a force when it is pushed or pulled by another object. For example, shoving a stationary shopping trolley applies a force that causes the shopping trolley to accelerate. An object can also experience a force because of the influence of a field. For example, a dropped ball accelerates towards the ground because of the presence of the gravitational field; electrical charges attract or repel each other because of the presence of an electric field.\n\nUsually, several forces act on an object at once. If multiple forces combine to give a resultant force that is zero, then the object will not accelerate; the object will either remain motionless or continue moving at a constant velocity. For example, if a person pushes a shopping trolley with a force equal in magnitude to the force of friction that opposes the trolley's motion, the forces will cancel, giving a resultant force of zero. As a result, the trolley will move down the aisle with a constant velocity. If the person suddenly stops pushing, the only force acting on the trolley is the frictional force. Since the resultant force is no longer zero, the trolley accelerates: its velocity drops to zero. (An acceleration such as this, in which speed is reduced, is also known as deceleration.)\n\nIn SI units, the unit of force is the newton, which is the force that imparts to an object with a mass of 1 kg an acceleration of 1 m/sec2.
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For the first case A marble on a (perfectly) flat surface, will remain in that state until energy of some kind is added.\n\nFor the second case to be as close to perfect conditions you would need to have a moving object out in deep space away from other bodies, because gravity will always be an effect, and in space to avoid the friction of the air.\n\nBut in simple terms the same marble on the flat surface give a push will move until external forces stop it, friction from the air and from contact with the surface.
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Every particle has a gravitational force associated with itself. It the basic nature of the particle.\nThe force is given by : F = G(m1*m2)/r^2\nwhere G= Universal constant of Gravity.\nSince the earth is very huge, the force between 2 humans is negligible as compared to the each of them to earth
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Mass is a property of some physical object that specifies the amount of matter and energy it contains. Be careful and don't confuse mass with weight -- an astronaut in orbit has no weight but his/her mass remains the same.
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Newton's "law" of gravity is a mathematical description of the way bodies are observed to attract one another, based on many scientific experiments and observations. The gravitational equation says that the force of gravity is proportional to the product of the two masses (m1 and m2), and inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) between their centers of mass. Mathematically speaking, \n\nF=Gm1m2 / r2, \n\nwhere G is called the Gravitational Constant. It has a value of 6.6726 x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2.
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Gravity is an example of a natural law. Something about two objects being attracted to each other.  Water molecules will form drops of rain because the molecules are attracted to each other.  Gravity is the result of a really large mass attracting other objects - earth holding moon in orbit, sun holding earth in orbit.  gravity is proportional to the size of the mass in question, sun's gravity is stonger than earth's and moon's gravity is weaker than both.
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Inertia\n\nOne of Newton's Laws - Objects in Motion tend to remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force such as gravity.
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Gravity is the force of attraction between massive particles. Weight is determined by the mass of an object and its location in a gravitational field. While a great deal is known about the properties of gravity, the ultimate cause of the gravitational force remains an open question. General relativity is the most successful theory of gravitation to date. It postulates that mass and energy curve space-time, resulting in the phenomenon known as gravity.\n\nGravity is acceleration.  means that (if the mass is unvarying) there must be a force that causes a mass to accelerate. For a rocket ship, that is the rocket engine. For the earth, it is the compression of the mass between something on the surface of the earth and the earth's center of mass. The acceleration is in relation to spacetime in that the weight one feels is one's resistance to deviating from one's path in spacetime. The same holds true in the rocket ship except that a rocket engine supplies the force to accelerate an occupant from his spacetime path. There is no difference between the weight he feels because of gravity or the rocket.
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The wall does attract objects gravitationaly, but gravity is an exceptionally weak force, and is only noticeable to us humans when dealing with extremely massive objects (like planets, for example).  Gravity is so weak, in fact, that all you have to do to overcome the gravitational pull of the entire Earth is jump.
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Youngs modulus = [F/A]/[∆L/L];  The modulus is a property of the material and does not depend on its dimensions,  However, the modulus is used to find the total change in length (∆L) that comes from the pressure (stress) applied (F/A).\n\nThe weight will increase propotionately to the mass ratio and inversely proportional to the square of the distance (in this case the distance from the center of the planet, the radius).  This is from Newton's Law, F = G*m1*m2/r^2  So that factor would be 4/9
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Centrifugal force and gravity.
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Gravity. The force itself is one of the weakest in science, and somewhat confounds the scientific community to how weak it really is comparison to such forces as Strong Nuclear force.