Tell me about herbivore animal species, their habitat and food gathering habits, their defence mechanism again
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In zoology, an herbivore is an animal that is adapted to eat primarily plant matter (rather than meat). Although such animals are sometimes referred to as being vegetarian, this term is more properly reserved for humans who choose not to eat meat as opposed to animals that are unable to.\n\nHerbivores can be further classified into various sub-groups, such as frugivores, which eat mainly fruit; or folivores, which specialize in eating leaves. This specialization is far from universal, however, and many fruit- and leaf-eating animals also eat other parts of plants, notably roots and seeds. The diets of some herbivorous animals vary with the seasons, especially in the temperate zones, where different plant foods are most available at different times of year.\nThe sheep has no front teeth on its top jaw. Instead it has a hard pad of gum. The front teeth in its bottom jaw are small and sharp.\nThe sheep eats grass which is easy to pull out of the ground. Grass must be chewed well, however, to break it down into small pieces before it is swallowed.\nThe sheep’s back teeth are very large and have broad surfaces. The ridges of the bottom teeth fit together. The sheep moves its jaw from side to side. The grass is broken up between these large molars.\nHerbivorous birds do not have teeth to grind up the vegetation they eat. Teeth would make their skulls too heavy and make flight difficult. Instead, a part of their digestive system, called the crop, contains stones which grind up the plant material they eat.\nDiet and habitat selection by herbivores has a huge effect on ecosystem processes. Research on these processes tends to focus on habitat suitability in terms of diet selection and nutrition or in terms of physical influences, like those from predators. However, little work has been done to quantify effects of the mechanisms that enable animals to find food or to avoid becoming food.\nBehavioral research shows that an animal's "skin defense" systems are triggered by sights, sounds, or smells that signal the safety or suitability of an environment. "Gut defense" mechanisms, on the other hand, integrate the flavor of a food with the effects that food has on cells and organs in the body, relaying to the animal information about the quality or quantity of the food's nutrients.
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They vary as widely as the body plans of different mollusks, but basically there are both macrophagous (herbivores and predators) and microphagous (suspension feeders) forms.\n \n**Gasteropods (snails and slugs) are mainly herbivorous; they use their radula to scratch plant tissues. However, there are also predatory snails (with modified radula, or proboscis, or even a venom-injecting radula). There are also microphagous planktonic forms (pteropods).\n**Cephalopods (squids, octopi and their relatives) are predatory carnivores, they have a modified radula and a horny "beak" with which they eat different invertebrates and vertebrates.\n**Bivalves (clams, mussels, oysters, etc) are primarily microphagous or suspension (filter) feeders. They don't have a radula and rely on their modified gills for filtration. There are also some primitive detritivores among the bivalvians.\n**The chitons (Polyplacophora) are grazing herbivores (with  radula).\n**The Scaphopoda (tusk shells) capture small food items (particulate matter) with their tentacles (captacula).\n**Other less known mollusks include the caudofoveatans (these capture foraminiferans and other very small organisms from sediments), solenogasters (these eat corals) and monoplacophorans (with a radula, but not much is known about their ecology).
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I know you're probably needing a more direct answer, but there are _loads_ of information on polyandrous animals. Try using Google Scholar for serious scientific papers:\nhttp://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=polyandry+evolution
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I see civilisation as a group who carry out tasks that are beneficial for the group as a whole, and not just the individual. Therefore the following animals have a basic form of civilisation:\n\n\nGenerally pack animals (eg lions/wolves): Have a hierarchy and look after each other. Hunt for the young and teach them how to hunt.\nColony insects: gather food and build nursery's for their young, have a sort of collective "brain" and job structure.
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...and some insects visit only specific animals. It's known as coevolution - they grew up together over millions of years to the point where some plants can't survive without certain species of insects, and vice versa; and some insects can live only on certain animals (for example, lice).\n\nCoevolution may involve pollination or, as a previously answered, the battle for plants to deter insect feeding by manufacturing secondary metabolites. In this case, insects evolve biochemical pathways to detoxify the feeding deterrents. These interactions eventually become exquisitely complex and, in many cases, exclusive to the species involved. There's alot on the web. Search for coevolution, mutualism, parsitism, symbiosis.
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to have a good idea have a look at the article below. hoppe it helps... it's a bit long but will have what you need properly explained...\n\n\n\nPollination Adaptations\nFlowers need to be pollinated. Pollination is the process of moving the pollen grain from the anther of a stamen to the stigma of a carpel. There are a few flowers that can self-pollinate all on their own, but this limits them to inbreeding. Most species rely upon some kind of pollination vector to accomplish pollination. The vector can be any agent that can move pollen from anther to stigma. \n\nThere is evidence of water and wind as the pollination vector in certain species, but many species do not depend upon the random or downstream-only pollination pathways offered by these vectors. Indeed such vectors are only useful in situations where large populations of a very limited number of species are present. \n\nMost flowers have evolved to use a "smart bomb" or "magic bullet" vector...animals! These vectors have sensory organs to locate flowers, they have locomotion to get them to the flowers in spite of large spaces between individuals, and they have enough intelligence to remember that they can depend upon a reward if they visit one particular species repeatedly. \n\nAttracting the Pollinator\nIn order to effectively use an animal pollination vector, a flower needs to attract the animal for the first visit. This can be done in one of two ways: visual cues and olfactory cues. \n\nVisual Cues\nSome species use a color pattern known as a "bull's eye" to mark their position in the environment...to stand out against a background of green foliage. Obviously not too many animal-pollinated flowers are leaf-green! \n\na black-eyed susan...recall that there are over 100 species of unrelated black-eyed susans...one of the problems of common names. This one is in the genus, Rudbeckia. Notice its obvious bull's eye target appearance. The bull's eye is black and the yellow ring surrounds it to make it quite noticeable. \n\n\nThe daylily (Hemerocallis) also shows a prominent bull's eye, but notice how the color pattern is reversed. The bull's eye is light in color and the ring around it is very dark. The effect is the same however, the flower is going to be obvious to a potential pollinator flying overhead. \n\n\nIt is important that whatever color pattern is used is within the visible range of colors observable by the pollinator. Colors obvious to one animal may be invisible to another. Gaillardia (painted daisy). This species obviously uses a yellow bull's eye with surrounding red and yellow rings. One gets the appearance of a dartboard just looking at it. The pollinator visiting is butterflies. Butterflies definitely are attracted to red/yellow patterns, and they need the large landing platform provided by this wide flower. \n\n\nOn the other hand, Gaillardia does not limit its pollination to just butterflies. An afternoon of observation will tell you that even more visits are made by honeybees! Bees have no ability to perceive red colors, so how does that red/yellow pattern look to a bee? This requires some mental translation and some special photography for a human to appreciate what a bee might observe. \n\nFirst we need to eliminate red from the image. This can only be accomplished with fancy video work or black-and-white photography.\n\n\nBee vision does not include red, but it does extend into the ultraviolet. In other words, bees see colors that are invisible to us! Our film is not very sensitive to ultraviolet because it has been developed for showing images visible to humans. To correct that and see the ultraviolet patterns in these flowers, we need to use yet another filter. This filter blocks visible light and allows ultraviolet light to expose the film. Below is the ultraviolet image of the same two daisies taken seconds later with both filters in place: \n\n\ncenter of each daisy is totally absorbin
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carnivore-cougar, weathering-whirlwinds, ecosystem-environment, erosion-earthquake (not very near) ?
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well basically what you eat does have alot of affect on your habits. forexample carnivores who eat meat are stronger and vicious than other herbivores. so i think that explains their victory and defeat
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First, I am not a scientist but a scientfic researcher. It's important to know what animals eat the seeds or fruits of flowering trees to deduce it's role in a given ecosystem. It's relationship to the other living organisms in it's environment is very important. It's also imortant to know what animals very existence hinges on the trees continued existence in the ecosytem. In other words, as trees get chopped down and various animal species that depend on the trees start to die, that is then a useful barometer of the trees role in the ecosystem.
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OMNIVORES \nEats live prey and plants \nOSTEOMALACIA \nSoftening of the bones \nOVIPAROUS \nReproduces by laying eggs\n\nOr...\nOdd
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See the links\nhttp://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/2/1/14 \nhttp://nistads.res.in/contents/genart/ga-rkk1.htm \nhttp://www.rmh.uwyo.edu/species/wybiblio.pdf \nhttp://indiaclub.com/Shop/SearchResults.asp?prodstock=12981 \nhttp://www.siu.edu/~ebl/leaflets/zafeer.htm \nhttp://www.univnorthco.edu/biology/SRMIF/SRMIFChecklistFeb04.pdf
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All mammals have taste buds...as do most other genus.\n\n\n\nLOL...look at some of the stuff homo sapiens eats around the world...raw monkey brains, beef testicles, snails, grasshoppers, ants, snakes, sea cucumbers, mollusks, fungus, scorpions...the list goes on and on.
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On the web: \nAnimal Diversity Web - a really entertaining and informative site!\nhttp://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html\nThen there's an enormous quantity of books, Animal Planet, Discovery Channel, National Geographic... and here, of course :) \nAsk away!
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You really should at least try do your own homework. I won't do it for you, but if you can find out what phyla the following animals are in you will have the answer.\n\n1) Cow \n2) Lobster \n3) Squid \n4) Jellyfish (yes people eat jellyfish see first link below)\n5) Earthworms (see second link below, search for "Makiritare ) \n6) Beche de Mer\n7) Lamp shell (see link 3 below).\n8) Sipunculids (see link 4)
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well its what you are interested in\nif plants- do something about plant evolution\nif animals- major extinction of animals\nwell thats what i did. got an "A" for it
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well i don't now what the animals are but i can tell you how to find a food web and chain\nProducers\nherbivores\nomnivores\ncarnivores\nif the consumer dies and there are no more animals to be eaten is a decomposer
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Very few mammals are exclusively one or the other without ever crossing over the herbivore/omnivore fence.\n\nHippos in particular are known to partake in meat on occasion, even killing their own food.\n\nBut when you consider even the placid milk cow, calmly munching away on grass in a verdant field.  This would seem to be the very archetype of the herbivorous animal.  Then, think about that grass.  Just how many bugs are living in, on, around or near that grass?  Does the cow take the time to gingerly remove every ant before cropping those blades?  No.  Bessie out there probably consumes more insects every hour than any spider, and probably almost as many as bats are always lauded for consuming each night.  \n\nSure, two grams of insects a day doesn't sound like much when its consumed by a one ton cow, but it has the same impact on the insect population as that two gram bat diet does.\n\nThe vast majority of carnivores are also at least partially omnivorous as well.  The cats tend to be among the most carnivorous among land mammals, but even they will sometimes eat fruit or other vegetable matter.  They'll also sometimes swallow grass, but that's not really for nutrition.\n\nIn biology, there are very rarely absolute stamps like HERBIVORE or NOCTURNAL or MONOGAMOUS or MARINE that always apply, without exception in all circumstances.