explain R2MF in communication field?
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Linkbit AT1000-AZ™ is a laptop based protocol analyzer for monitoring, analysis and troubleshooting of ISDN, R2MF, SS7, GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000 and VoIP communication networks. With AT1000-AZ a user can analyze and log protocol events and monitor/record PCM, TRAU and RTP voice channels. It occupies a single PCMCIA slot and is capable of simultaneous analysis of two full-duplex T1/E1 spans and the host PC Ethernet link. AT1000-AZ allows capture, real-time decode and analysis of a variety of signaling protocols and media codecs and is the ideal field support tool for NGN. \n\nLinkbit AT1000-ES™ is a laptop based R&D tool for functional testing and simulation of ISDN, R2MF, SS7, GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000 and VoIP network equipment. It allows to generate protocol signaling and media traffic over two T1/E1 ports and the host PC Ethernet link. \n\nLinkbit intuitive, Microsoft Windows™ based GUI provides users with full control of test setup and execution.
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Direct communication handles the propagation and management of message streams between the involved co-workers. Services include the creation, transfer, synchronization and filtering message streams.\n\nThe direct communication can occur in synchronously. In the synchronous mode a real-time communication link is established and the information is exchanged in real-time between the synchronization of multiple message streams such as audio, video and data. \n\nThe data component itself may consist of multiple streams; for example one data stream contains the shared group document while other data streams may specify telepointer coordinates of the different group members. The communication has to be adapted to the available network bandwidth and to the quality of service requirements as well as to the characteristics of the coordination tasks. Examples of the latter case are the urgency of the coordination or the relationship between the group members such as does there already exist a trusted relationship between them because they cooperated successfully in the past? A trusted relationship required a much smaller communication channel because there is already a mutual understanding between the involved partners. Thus, it is not necessary to specify explicitly all coordination goals and requirements.\n\nAn increasingly important technical concept to model and implement direct communication is that of group communication. Every co-worker is represented by a separate system component which is executed in the local environment. All these components are combined into the single abstraction of a group. Messages sent to the group are automatically distributed to all group components and thus, delivered to all co-workers. Besides message delivery, group communication incorporates further mechanisms, such as group management, ordering of messages and atomic message delivery despite network or host failures.\n\n\nIn the context of direct communication, information is actively propagated to the co-workers. Coordination of group activities is based on events caused by the information flow.\n\n\nIndirect communication is based on asynchronously mode where the existence of a central or a distributed workspace which contains all the shared artifacts of the group works. The work space is passive and it may be browsed or queried to determined group documents for retrieval. Modifications of shared artifacts may cause notification which is propagated to interested co-workers. \n\nAsynchronous communication is typically based on email such as there is no real-time interaction between the involved co-workers. Thus, the requirements for the necessary communication infrastructure are less stringent than for the synchronous communication.\n\n \nFigure: Synchronous and asynchronous for direct and indirect communication in Groupware\n\nFigure above shows the synchronous and asynchronous for direct and indirect communication while designing a real system. These modes must be treated differently.\n \nFigure: Direct communication and Indiorect communication in Groupware within shared artifacts\n\nFigure above represent the direct and indirect communication between Groupware where the participants considering that in most cases the participants are working on shared artifacts and some of the communication and coordination is done via manipulation of the shared artifacts.
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RMI is a mechanism for communicating (only) between two machines running Java Virtual Machines.When  Java code on machine A needs a service or a method, respectively, of  (remote Java object) objB on machine B it starts a remote method invocation. It does this the same way as invoking a local (Java) object's method.The whole communication behind the remote invocation is done by the RMI mechanism\n\nThe client and the server communicate through two special classes called the stub and the skeleton. The stub runs on the client and the skeleton runs on the server. These two programs act as "middle-men" in the communication between a client and the server. The stub behaves like a class file and fools the client into thinking the method it wants to invoke is local. The stub carries out all communication with the server's skeleton. \n\nTwo utility programs are needed to create an RMI application. The two programs are rmic.exe and rmiregistry.exe; rmic.exe creates the stub and the skeleton while rmiregistry.exe creates the registry of objects held on the server. \n\nMoreinfo Refer\nhttp://www-db.stanford.edu/CHAIMS/Doc/Details/Protocols/rmi/rmi_description.html
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I've never heard of it. I suppose it's short hand for framing, which means to either attempt to have an innocent person blamed for a crime, or to put borders around an image, like a picture frame. Or it refers to Framm air filters. I think there are two Ms in Framm, but I'm not sure.
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I know a lot about HF communications, but I don't know what the abbreviation, "Ofdm" means.  You'll have to be more clear...\n\nAddition: "orthogonal frequency division multiplexing"  no wonder I didn't get it.  That's done at UHF/microwave frequencies.  My experience is in the broadcsting (AM/FM/TV) field, and I'm a ham.  HF is 3-30 MHz.
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Modulation is used in communications because the frequency of the signal must be high enough to travel through the air over great distances.  The power necessary to send a low frequency signal, such as your voice, hundreds of meters away would be too much.  Increasing the frequency by modulating onto a carrier frequency allows us engineers to decrease the required power to send that same message.  Hope this helps.
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Communication is a way of talking to people.
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http://radioreference.com/modules.php?name=RR&ctid=1875
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Please try 2 explain  or contact me.
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The 2.4 Ghz is the frequency the wireless devices talk on, not their speed.\n\nNo internet connection (that is relatively inexpensive) is going to move 2.4 Gb per second (where talking multiple T3/4 lines)..
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Look up convergence theory on www.colorado.edu/communication/met.  It will explain this theory in fairly simple terms.
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Hi! Mank,\n\nMass communication is the study of communication theory relating to masses. In this communication theory u have to learn different communication model, who the target audience are, whom to communicate, what message is to be communicated, what is its importance in contemporary socio-economic condition, the mode of mass communicaiton etc.\n        Mass means 'the public' , i.e all u have to do is to communicating with the common mass thru effective mass media ( TV , Newspaper, Cinema etc) and the effect of such communication on them.That is all about mass communication in a nut shell.\n       There r several books regarding Mass Communication. U can go thru Mass Coommunication by Subir Ghosh. I have forgotten the name of the publisher.
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http://www.networkphysics.com/products/literature/case_studies/mpls.shtml
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sender , message , channel , receiver
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modulation is simply affecting a frequency by altering its waveshape such as with a microphone. Multiplexing is dividing a frequency between 2 or more input signals...I.E. having 2 or more microphones riding on the same frequency but totally independant of each other. Phone lines are multiplexed to contain more than one phone conversation.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation_index
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TDM, or time division multiplexing is a scheme to encode several analog signals through one communications channel.\n\nLet's say that you have three telephone conversations.  An encoder, known as a multiplexer, will combine the three by switching very rapidly through all three conversations.  This is called multiplexing.  \n\nLet's say that the multiplexing speed is 66kHz, which translates roughly to 15 microseconds to complete one multiplex cycle (one divided by 66kHz).  The first 5 microseconds, conversation 1 is switched onto the line, the second 5us, conversation 2 is switched onto the line, and the third 5us conversation 3 is switched onto the line.  The cycle then repeats itself over and over.\n\nIf you listened to the communications line, it would sound like you were listening to three conversations simultaneously, like they were blended together.\n\nNow, on the other end of the communications line, a decoder, called a demultiplexer sorts out the three conversations with a precise clock and a time base signal that is added in at the multiplexing process.  So it sorts out the three conversations and seperates them into the three original channels by doing the switching in the exact opposite of the multplexer by again making the switch every 5us.   \n\nVoila, time switching combines three phone conversations over one set of wires.\n\nIn cellular phones, there is a scheme known as TDMA, or time division, multiple access.  This is similar concept, but it coordinates multiple cell phone's transmitters to accomplish the same thing, but over radio instead of wires.