what is meaning of ozne layer?
492421
it is O3 and it protect the air from ultraviolet rays from the sun \nit is the outermost layer in the atmosphere \n \nor go on www.dictionary.com
453537
There are in fact many different atmospheric layers as you move upward away from the earth. However, there are NOT different layers of gases. All the gases are sort of mixed.\n\nThe troposphere, the atmospheric layer that we live in, contains the most gases. This is due to gravity. Anything that has mass will be attracted to earth's gravity.\n\nThat is why when you move away from the earth there is less air. Less gravity = less air!\n\nThe higher you go in the troposphere, the colder it gets. That is also due to less air (holds heat).\n\nThe next layer up is the stratosphere. This layer is where most jets fly & where the atmospheric ozone layer exists.\n\nTemperatures in the stratosphere will get warmer due to the ozone layer. Ozone is an insulator & traps heat.\n\nAs you move higher, you will reach the mesosphere. And, as you may have already guessed, this layer contains even less air. It also gets pretty darn cold as you move away from the ozone layer. "Shooting stars" occur in this layer. Meteorites burn up as they enter our atmosphere.\n\nThe last layer is called the thermosphere. It has the least amount of air. But the odd thing is that this is the hottest layer!!!\n\nSounds strange??? Well here is why...\n\nAlthough there is less air to hold heat, there is still some present. Mind you, it is few & far between. Imagine being in the Astrodome & someone across the field threw a BB at you! That is how sparse the air particles are.\n\nHowever, we have said there is air! That air that is present is constantly bombarded with nasty cosmic rays! By this time, here is so much energy in the air particles that the temperature is astronomical (no pun intended).\n\nBecause of this, the thermosphere is often called the "heat sphere", just as it's name implies.\n\nSatellites are put into orbit in the thermosphere.\n\nTo get directly to your question... there are different layers because scientists decided to name them according to temperature changes.
306710
The troposphere is the layer closest to the earth's surface. This is where the earth's weather phenomena occurs. The temperature gets colder as you move upwards.\n\nThe second layer up is the stratosphere. This is where jets fly & ozone occurs. B/c of the ozone layer, it is warmer as you get here.\n\nThe third layer up is the mesosphere. This is where meteorites burn up in our atmosphere. It gets colder here as you go up b/c of less air & moving away from the ozone layer.\n\nThe next layer is the thermosphere. This is the hottest layer and is sometimes called the "heat sphere". It has the least amount of air. It is subdivided into the ionosphere & the exosphere. The ionosphere is where satellites are orbiting the earth.\n\n:)
1009531
Air is a mixture of atoms and molecules in the gaseous state.  A more technical term for the layers of gases surrounding the Earth is atmosphere. \n\nIf you are interested in what air   is made of and the way the chemicals in air combine and react with other chemicals, you would need to study chemistry.\n\nThe study of weather is meteorology, and would include studying wind and other weather patterns.\n\nThe study of the basic forces and motion of objects, including air would be considered physics.\n\nI have included one link to help you explore this fascinating subject.
298057
or·gan·elle  (ôrg-nl)\nn.\nA differentiated structure within a cell, such as a mitochondrion, vacuole, or chloroplast, that performs a specific function.\n\ncell wall\nn.\nThe rigid outermost cell layer found in plants and certain algae, bacteria, and fungi but characteristically absent from animal cells.\n\ncell membrane\nn.\nThe semipermeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell. Also called cytomembrane, plasmalemma, plasma membrane.\n\nnu·cle·us  (nkl-s, ny-)\nn. pl. nu·cle·i (-kl-) or nu·cle·us·es \n1. A central or essential part around which other parts are gathered or grouped; a core: the nucleus of a city.\n2. Something regarded as a basis for future development and growth; a kernel: a few paintings that formed the nucleus of a great art collection.\n3. Biology A large, membrane-bound, usually spherical protoplasmic structure within a living cell, containing the cell's hereditary material and controlling its metabolism, growth, and reproduction.\n4. Botany \na. The central kernel of a nut or seed.\nb. The center of a starch granule.\n5. Anatomy A group of specialized nerve cells or a localized mass of gray matter in the brain or spinal cord.\n6. Physics The positively charged central region of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons and containing almost all of the mass of the atom.\n7. Chemistry A group of atoms bound in a structure, such as a benzene ring, that is resistant to alteration in chemical reactions.\n8. Astronomy \na. The central portion of the head of a comet.\nb. The central or brightest part of a nebula or galaxy.\n9. Meteorology A particle on which water vapor molecules accumulate in free air to form a droplet or ice crystal.\n10. Linguistics The part of a syllable having the greatest sonority. In the word middlemost (mdl-mst) the nuclei of the three syllables are (), (l), and (); in the Czech word krk ("neck"), the nucleus is (r).\n\ncy·to·plasm  (st-plzm)\nn.\nThe protoplasm outside the nucleus of a cell.
430711
xenolith\n\nA piece of foriegn rock enclosed within an igneous rock. The foriegn rock is usually picked up from the walls surrounding the igneous rock and is frozen in place before it has a chance to melt. (=inclusion)
145425
Probably electroplating; the thinnest possible layer.
1066619
How very astute.  Fluids form mixtures and circulate based on different things, like pressure and heat.\n\nBut the gases do form layers.  Who said they don't?
576576
[O] is the symbol for the concentration of oxygen in the particular substance. So you would be detecting not only the presence of oxygen, but also how much is present.\nThis symbol is also used for 'oxygen radical' or an unpaired oxygen atom.
695248
Ozone (O3) is a triatomic molecule, consisting of three oxygen atoms. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic species O2. It is present in low concentrations throughout the Earth's atmosphere. It has many industrial and consumer applications as well as being used in ozone therapy.\n\nOzone, the first allotrope of a chemical element to be described by science, was discovered by Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1840, who named it after the Greek word for smell (ozein), from the peculiar odour in lightning storms.[1] The odour from a lightning strike is from electrons freed during the rapid chemical changes, not the ozone itself.[2]\n\nPhysical properties\nUndiluted ozone is a pale blue gas at standard temperature and pressure; it forms a dark blue liquid below −112 °C and a violet-black solid below −193 °C [3]. At concentrations found in the atmosphere it is colorless [4]. The concentration above which it can be smelt (odor threshold) is between 0.0076 and 0.036 ppm[5].\n\n\n[edit] Chemistry\nOzone is a powerful oxidizing agent. It is also unstable at high concentrations, decaying to ordinary diatomic oxygen:\n\n2 O3 → 3 O2. \nThis reaction proceeds more rapidly with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure. Ozone will oxidize metals (except gold, platinum, and iridium) to oxides of the metals in their highest oxidation state:\n\n2 Cu2+ + 2 H+ + O3 → 2 Cu3+ + H2O + O2 \nOzone converts oxides to peroxides:\n\nSO2 + O3 → SO3 + O2 \nIt also increases the oxidation number of oxides:\n\nNO + O3 → NO2 + O2 \nThe above reaction is accompanied by chemiluminescence. The NO2 can be further oxidized:\n\nNO2 + O3 → NO3 + O2 \nThe NO3 formed can react with NO2 to form N2O5:\n\nNO2 + NO3 → N2O5 \nOzone reacts with carbon to form carbon dioxide, even at room temperature:\n\nC + 2 O3 → CO2 + 2 O2 \nOzone does not react with ammonium salts but it reacts with ammonia to form ammonium nitrate:\n\n2 NH3 + 4 O3 → NH4NO3 + 4 O2 + H2O \nOzone reacts with sulfides to make sulfates:\n\nPbS + 4 O3 → PbSO4 + 4 O2 \nSulfuric acid can be produced from ozone, either starting from elemental sulfur or from sulfur dioxide:\n\nS + H2O + O3 → H2SO4 \n3 SO2 + 3 H2O + O3 → 3 H2SO4 \nAll three atoms of ozone may also react, as in the reaction with tin(II) chloride and hydrochloric acid:\n\n3 SnCl2 + 6 HCl + O3 → 3 SnCl4 + 3 H2O \nIn the gas phase, ozone reacts with hydrogen sulfide to form sulfur dioxide:\n\nH2S + O3 → SO2 + H2O \nIn an aqueous solution, however, two competing simultaneous reactions occur, one to produce elemental sulfur, and one to produce sulfuric acid:\n\nH2S + O3 → S + O2 + H2O \n3 H2S + 4 O3 → 3 H2SO4 \nIodine perchlorate can be made by treating iodine dissolved in cold anhydrous perchloric acid with ozone:\n\nI2 + 6 HClO4 + O3 → 2 I(ClO4)3 + 3 H2O \nSolid nitryl perchlorate can be made from NO2, ClO2, and O3 gases:\n\n2 NO2 + 2 ClO2 2 O3 → 2 NO2ClO4 + O2 \nOzone can be used for combustion reactions and combusting gases in ozone provides higher temperatures than combusting in dioxygen (O2). Following is a reaction for the combustion of carbon subnitride:\n\n3 C4N2 + 4 O3 → 12 CO + 3 N2 \nOzone can react at cryogenic temperatures. At 77 K (-196 °C), atomic hydrogen reacts with liquid ozone to form a hydrogen superoxide radical, which dimerizes[6]:\n\nH + O3 → HO2 + O \n2 HO2 → H2O4 \nOzonides can be formed, which contain the ozonide anion, O3-. These compounds are explosive and must be stored at cryogenic temperatures. Ozonides for all the alkali metals are known. KO3, RbO3, and CsO3 can be prepared from their respective superoxides:\n\nKO2 + O3 → KO3 + O2 \nAlthough KO3 can be formed as above, it can also be formed from potassium hydroxide and ozone:[7]\n\n2 KOH + 5 O3 → 2 KO3 + 5 O2 + H2O \nNaO3 and LiO3 must be prepared by action of CsO3 in liquid NH3 on an ion exchange resin containing Na+ or Li+ ions:[8]\n\nCsO3 + Na+ → Cs+ + NaO3 \nTreatment wit
970970
This is not a simple answer to explain in one or two sentences, so I will give it in two parts.  First, the basic reason:\n\nOvernight, the breezy conditions that was on the surface is lifted upwards.  This is because the surface becomes very stable with the loss of daytime heating.  The wind will blow above this layer of stable air until after sunrise when daytime heating will bring the winds back to the surface.\n\nNow the more detailed explaination.  In general, wind at night will decouple from the surface if...\n-there is no strong subsidence (sinking of air) like what you will find behind a strong upper level disturbance.\n-there is strong mixing (unstable airmass) in and ahead of a storms system\n-there is strong surface winds with upper level support. (winds blowing from the same direction through a deep layer above the surface)\n-near ridge or hill tops\n\n(Assuming no major weather changes are expected to occur overnight...)  During the night, with the loss of daytime heating, we lose two parameters that will keep the winds blowing near the surface.  The thermal gradient usually becomes weak and the surface cools.  A thin stable layer forms near the surface as heat rises to the top of this layer.  With time, this layer will thicken as warm air continues to leave the lower layer and replace by cooler air.  The top of this layer, you will find a temperature inversion.  This layer will seperate the higher winds that has lifted higher in the atmosphere and the very stable and near calm winds below.  Once the sun rises, the surface warms and starts to mix.  This will break the inversion and the winds will start to mix back down to the surface.  \n\nThis is also the reason why during the winter, sometimes you will find ground fog forming in a thin layer during the evening and then lifting to a low cloud or stratus right by sunrise; then "burning" off during the day.
102753
Under the continents.  The term refers to the basaultic shields on which the continents "float" on the magma underneath.  When they shift and grind against one another, we have volcanoes and earthquakes.
28632
Carl Wilhelm Oseen was a professor in Uppsala, and also the person who nominated Einstein for the Nobel Prize for the photoelectric effect. One of the areas he worked in was the flow of anisotropic fluids, and liquid crystals, etc. Reading a bit of the literature, what I suspect is called an oseen flow is an approximation to the full fluid dynamic equations that allow them to be solved easier in certain situations, and still be good models for the physics (incompressibility is assumed, I suspect, for example). I gather a major feature is assumption of a linear model for the inertia term in the Navier-Stokes equations (see the notes for the MIT course, in the references).  \n\nOne could dig into this much deeper of course. I have attached a couple of references I looked at.
871515
http://images.google.com.au/images?svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&q=Honne+Onna+&btnG=Search
244049
What's the context of this word? I can translate wirbel and kalt easily but together is make me think of 'blustering or freezing winds'. I'd love to see its usage though.
1143726
KevinR said it absolutely correct.\n\nIf you want it a little bit more easy:\n\n(1) The metal ions always are positv oxidation numbers and this is the one of their load per ion.\n\n(2) The oxigen always is -2 in such cases (exemptions are ozon or peroxides only)\n\n(3) And the element in the anion has to carry the sum of oxidationnumbers of metal and oxigen, but with opposite sign.
530813
1. formation into layers or groups: the process of stratifying something, or the state of being stratified\n\n \n2. layer or group: a layer, caste, class, or group into which something is stratified