How is it possible to separate the components of a mixture?
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I know of at least 4 ways.  I think that the distillation or membrane separation are the most practical.\n\n(1)Distillation\nOxygen and nitrogen have different boiling points.\noxygen: 90 K\nnitrogen: 77 K\nIf you cool the mixture to a temperature between the boiling points of each you will be in a two-phase region.  There will be a gas phase rich in nitrogen (because it has a lower boiling point) and a liquid phase rich in oxygen.  A distillation column can be used to separate the phases and collect them in a continuous, pretty efficient process.  I think you have to do something special about the argon in air when you do this (like have more than one separation step, more than one distillation column).\n\n(2)Adsorption\nOxygen and nitrogen gases may adsorb to (stick to) the surfaces of certain compounds (like metal surfaces).  If you make a series of tubes lined with a substance that preferentially adsorbs (for example) oxygen, you will get a gas output that has less oxygen in it.  In a well-designed case, the adsorption is reversible.  Increasing the temperature of the substance will causes the oxygen to leave the solid surface and once again become a gas, giving you a relatively pure oxygen stream.  If the purity is not good enough, you can collect the streams and repeat the process (use a longer tube).  I don't know of an example of an adsorption material off-hand.\n\n(3)Stripping\nStripping is the process of passing a gas through a liquid and may involve chemically removing one of the components of the gas.  If you bubbled air through a liquid that had a chemical in it that reacted with oxygen to form a compound then the gas that reaches the top will be nitrogen-rich.  For example, your blood contains hemoglobin, so that when it is in contact with the air in your lungs the oxygen sticks to the hemoglobin, forming a chemical complex.  This is a lot more effective than limiting yourself to an oxygen supply based on whatever gases can dissolve in your blood. \n\n(4)Membrane Separation\nOxygen and nitrogen have different permeability in membranes.  They can diffuse through solids, but at different rates.  I think oxygen typically has high permeability.  If you pressurize the gas mixture and pass the gases through a bundle of tubes (high surface area is key) then some gas will pass through the tubes axially and some will diffuse through the walls radially.  The stream that passed through the tubes will be richer in nitrogen, since it is less permeable.  The stream that diffused through the walls of the tube will be richer in oxygen, becuase it is more permeable.  Repeat the process to get the desired purity.\n\nAn artificial lung can be made by passing blood through a long set of tubes that have oxygen on the outside of the tubes.  The oxygen diffuses into the blood through the permeable tubes.
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1. take a mixture of different juices in a cup.\n2. cut a filter paper (coffee filter will do) at the center to make a thin wick.\n3. place the filter paper on top of the juice cup with the wick of the filter paper dipped in the juice.\n\nAfter sometimes you will see that juice has been drawn by the wick and the filter paper will show rings of different colors on it.\n\nThis happens because the flow rate of different components of juice is different. Component that has higher flow rate makes bigger circles than the others.\n\nThis method of seperating different components of mixtures of liquids and analyzing them is called chromatography.
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Lets start with the pure substance.  It is all the same element or compound.  Solid, liquid or gas, the entire sample is exactly the same no matter where we look at it.  It is considered homogeneous.\n\nTwo or more pure substances when mixed to become homogeneous are called a solution.  Solutions can contain solids, liquids or gases but must be homogeneous (the same in all areas).  Most important solutions contain one or more solids dissolved in a liquid.  The solids are called solutes and the liquid is called the solvent.  When the solutes are mixed with the solvent, the homogeneous solution is formed.\n\nA mechanical mixture is a mix of substances where the final sample is not homogeneous.  Sand is a good example.  Even if fused into sandstone, some areas are different than other areas.  These are called heterogeneous.  Smoke floating in air is heterogeneous.  It is also a mixture.\n\nImpress your teacher with this example of a sample which contains only one element, but is still a mixture.  Diamond dust mixed with graphite dust.  Both diamond and graphite are made of pure carbon, yet the mixture is heterogeneous so it is a mechanical mixture.
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Are there any tests you can run? Usually if you mix a substance with something else, the product has different chemical and physical properties than the initial substance.\nFor example, let's say that you would mix isoamyl acetate with "X" the product will have certain carachteristics gained only after it was mixed with "X".... I don't know how much this will help...\n\nLook it up on the internet, I am sure you'll find something.\nGood luck.
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A mixture is made up of different kinds of particles. You can separate mixtures into their different particles.\n\nA pure substance is made up of one kind of particle. Pure substance are classified as either an element or a compound.\n\nMixtures are then classified into heterogeneous mixtures (where you can see different kinds of particles with your own eyes... ie. sand in water, dirt) or homogeneous mixtures (aka solutions) (where you cannot see different kinds of particles... ie. sugar mixed in water).
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mixture, usually if you can see the individual "ingredients" its a mixture.
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A mixture is a physical combination of two or more pure substances in relative amounts. It is called an impure substance when it contains a substance that is much greater than the amount of other substances in a mixture. \n\nHope this helps,\nUltimeaciax
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I believe one commercially viable method is to add concentrated sulfuric acid.  The alkenes will form alkyl hydrogen sulfates, which are soluble in the H2SO4 (or in H2O).  Alkanes do not readily react with H2SO4, so they will not dissolve in the polar solvent.\n\nThis method of separating liquids based on selective solubilities is called extraction.  Since there is a chemical reaction between the solvent and the alkenes, this is technically called "reactive extraction."
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Given that kerosene and water are not miscible, and have a different density, a centrifuge could separate the two liquids.\nAlso, since water boils at 100 C and freezes at 0 C, while kerosene will boil at more than 150 C and freeze at less than 0 C, then heating of chilling the substance would allow distillation separation, or the creation of a hydrocarbon water slush that could be treated fop separation.\nYour best best is distillation, still.  That is how crude oil (which does contain water) is treated anyway.
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To separate caffeine, you could use HPLC, LC, GC, or TLC, which are all chromatography techniques. \n\nIf you do a physical separation, a polar organic solvent would do nicely.\n\nTo make sure that you are actually extracting the chloroform, suspend the separatory funnel on a ring off of a ring stand. Wait 10 mins. You'll see two layers, a top layer and bottom layer.\n\nChloroform has a density of 1.48 g/mL and water has a density of 1 g/mL, so the chloroform will be the bottom layer. Use the sep funnel to recover all the chloroform. At the end, I'd run saturated sodium chloride through the chloroform and separate that, to clear any nonorganics from the chloroform.\n\nAfter that, you can put the chloroform on a rotavap or do TLC to see if you have caffeine and caffeine only (doubtful)
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A still works by taking advantage of the different boiling points for various liquids. For instance, alcohol boils at a lower temperature than water; therefore, you can heat a mixture of alcohol and water and the alcohol will tend to boil first. If you then condense the alcohol vapors, you have made a separation.\n\nThis is an over simplification because even with the alcohol as it vaporizes, some of the water also vaporizes. To make a purer product, you must repeat the process many times. A special column called a fractional distillation column permits you to make a nearly perfect separation
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http://www.mixturesweb.com
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method of separating components of substances: the use of biological agents such as plants, enzymes, or biological membranes to separate components, e.g. in the purification of proteins or water or in the manufacture of food and pharmaceuticals
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You can Use Dean and Stark Apparatus To Separate them \n\nAlso one Source i m providing you which involve the separation using PTC\n\nRefer it \n\nhttp://www.ptcorganics.com/Top10PTC.pdf
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Their difference in polarity and density are probably the two most likely properties to affect the rate of separation. Molecular weight differences between the two liquids would probably have some impact, also temperature would effect the rate of separation.
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There are various means of determining this, and without any specific data on what elements are involved in the answer you are looking for, the link below is the best reference I can find that can answer this question in a mostly generalized way.
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If you have a system which has, say, A, B, C and D mols of substances 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, then:\nmol fraction of substance 1 is A/(A+B+C+D) and so on for the other 3 substances, e.g. for substance 2 it's B/(A+B+C+D)