Does anyone know in detail how gasoline is refined???
485181
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refinery
1097635
Loads of stuff. Oil is broken down in to many different substances, and stuff is made from them. Plastic, polyester, polythene, nylon etc. They use a bi-product to make roads. Plus lubricants, vaseline, industrial grease. I think you can get alcohols from it, ethanol, methanol etc. Different fuels come from it, diesel, aviation fuel, jet fuel, normal fuel. You'd be surprised.\nUuuh, and all the stuff he said up there too.
599907
Yes, actually it is an amazing concept!  The local taxi company has done that here with several cabs.  They are all Mercedes, specially made to run on that fuel specifically.  They get the used oil from restaurants and such locally, and convert it right there at the cab company with some special machine.  It is combined with a fuel additive, a viola'--major recycling!!  Who'd thunkit?!?!  Remember Back To The Future--well I'd say they were on to something then, because the time is now.  (It does give off a unpleasant odor though.)
162289
My dad in Australia has converted his car to run on Liquid Petroleum Gas. It has halved his costs every time he fills his tank. See the link below for more info.
8185
In refining, the component chemicals of petroleum are separated by distillation. Products based on refined crude oil include kerosene, benzene, gasoline, paraffin wax, asphalt, etc. \n\nHere are some of the main products obtained from crude oil and the temperatures at which the different products boil off of the crude oil. Boiling ranges of petroleum atmospheric pressure distillation fractions in degrees Celsius:\n\npetrol ether: 40 - 70 °C (used as solvent)\nlight petrol: 60 - 100 °C (automobile fuel)\nheavy petrol: 100 - 150 °C (automobile fuel)\nlight kerosene: 120 - 150 °C (household solvent and fuel)\nkerosene: 150 - 300 °C (jet engine fuel)\ngas oil: 250 - 350 °C (Diesel fuel/ heating)\nlubrication oil: > 300 °C (engine oil)\nremaining fractions: tar, asphalt, residual fuel
668411
I would like to Change the Clinton/Gore EPA-OBD II Law. This applies to all Gasoline Powered Vehicles in the USA from 1996 to the Present, like Yours. This Law requires that all Vehicles remain Factory Stock, in order to Pass Inspection. Specifically, the Engine Fuel System must Run at 14.7 Parts of Air to 1 Part of Fuel. I've found a way to Convert Gasoline into Propane, 100 Parts of Air to 1 Part of Fuel. My Unit is Safe, Compact, and uses Low Pressure Air to do it's thing. 50 + MPG with even the Largest SUV, and a 10 X Reduction of Emissions. And, thanks to the EPA-OBD II Law, it's Illegal! When that Gestapo-Inspired Vehicle Inspection Device is Connected, any Change at all, even for the Better, and the Vhicle will Fail, and will be Illegal to Drive! Because it's not Putting out enough Pollution to meet [O]riginal [E]quipment [M]anufacturer's Specifications! This is Insane! I'm not the First, only the Latest. I've been to the US Patent Office to Check out the "Wild Stories" about Fuel Vaporizers that have been kept off the Market. Guess What? It's True! Case in Point, the Pogue Carburetor, with a Patented Claim of 100 MPG, with a Flathead Ford Engine Powered Vehicle that was 15 MPG!This was before WW II. So, as far as Getting a Patent, forget it! See, Greed and Money have Stopped it Every Single Time! And Now the EPA-OBD II Law....... Here's what I'd really Like to do to Expose the Hypocricy of this Law. I'd like to Restore and Convert a whole Fleet of Vehicles and Donate them to Charity Starting with the Local Meals-On-Wheels Program, then, Volunteer Disabled Veterans' Services.And so Many Others. There is no Shortage of Good People that want to Volunteer to Help the less Fortunate. But with the High Cost of Fuel, it's becoming Increasingly Difficult. Even if I did manage to get the Funds to do this, someone Connected with "Big Oil" would find a way to make One of the Converted Vehicles Explode, to Discredit it. Remember the TV News Show where the Chevy Truck with the "Side-Saddle" Fuel Tank was Rigged to Explode to Discredit It? See, all Petroleum is essentially the Same, on a Molecular Level. Only the Dispersal is Altered. If That's Wrong, then how is it that Engines DO Run on Propane? To do so by Conventional Means is such a Hassle that it's just not worth it! Hybirds? At Highway Speeds, the Gas [14.7 to1] Engine Kicks-In, Plus, the Heavy, Expensive Batteries have to be Hauled. To Sum Up, I'd like to change the EPA-OBD II Law that requires Vehicles to Emit Enough Pollution to Pass Inspection, with any reduction resulting in Failure. But, "IT AIN'T GONNA HAPPEN" as long as "Big Oil" is in Control! Watch Closely the Next Time Your Car is Inspected, and ask how many have Failed,and Why! 14.7 to 1. It's the Law that must Change! For even more Insight, check out this Website. It's a Couple of Years Old, but lots of Good Info.http://energy21.freeservers.com/bookrep.html
1101762
Chemistry is constantly evolving... an example of some recent developments is using carbon nanotubes (fullerenes) to act as supports for catalysts. This would increase industrial catalysts for refineries by a theoretical amount such as 10,000 times more efficient.\nWhomever can get this working would be a billionaire over night.\n\nThis work is still being done and is only a theory that is 2 years old.
541264
there are different ways to do the mixture, all depends how hard do you ride, the easiest way is, mix 12 onz. of oil into 5 galls. of 91 0r 92 octane of gasoline, that should be good for easy or kind of hard riding
243539
It seems as if it's mult-step/multi-answer\n\nFractionation is a part of the process but the entire fractionation process is broken down into steps, starting with the removal of the lighter NGLs from the stream.  Once NGLs have been removed from the natural gas stream, they must be broken down into their base components to be useful. That is, the mixed stream of different NGLs must be separated out. The process used to accomplish this task is called fractionation. Fractionation works based on the different boiling points of the different hydrocarbons in the NGL stream. Essentially, fractionation occurs in stages consisting of the boiling off of hydrocarbons one by one. The name of a particular fractionator gives an idea as to its purpose, as it is conventionally named for the hydrocarbon that is boiled off.\n\nhttp://www.wipo.int/cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/92778.011206&ELEMENT_SET=DECL\n\nhttp://www.naturalgas.org/naturalgas/processing_ng.asp
647335
synthetic gasoline and diesel fuels can be made from coal by a process called gasification (products are carbon monoxide and hydrogen) followed by Fischer-Tropsch reaction in which CO and H2 produce gasoline and diesel fuel.\n\nAlso, fuels for cars are: ethanol (fermentation processes from any sugar source), acetylene (can power engines in 2 times - east german Trabant engine), biodiesel (only for diesel engines) (made from natural oils (new or used) and methanol) \n\nSearch with googgle using key words: biofuel, bioethanol, fischer-tropsch, biodiesel (can be made at home), hydrogen (water electolysis or algae producers)
942821
In 1910 Dr. Walter O. Snelling, a chemist and explosives expert for the U.S. Bureau of Mines, was contacted to investigate vapors coming from a gasoline tank vent of a newly purchased Ford Model T. Dr. Snelling filled a glass jug with the gasoline from the Ford Model T and discovered on his way back to the lab that volatile vapors were forming in the jug, causing its cork to repeatedly pop out. He began experimenting with these vaporous gases to find methods to control and hold them. After dividing the gas into its liquid and gaseous components, he learned that propane was one component of the liquefied gas mixture. He soon learned that this propane component could be used for lighting, metal cutting and cooking.\n\nThat discovery marked the birth of the propane industry.
1054707
gasoline (you may call it 'petrol')
248712
There are 42 gallons / barrel of crude oil. (That's about 159 liters) The conversion to gasoline depends upon several factors -- refining efficiency, product mix desired by the refiner, quality of the crude to name a few. The following sites provide\nadditional info.\n\n http://www.petroleum.org/petrokids/petroperbbl.htm\nhttp://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/gen99/gen99675.htm\n\nVince Calder\n=====================================================\nA barrel contains 42 gallons.  After refining, it makes about 19.5 gallons of gasoline in addition to numerous other products such as heating oil..\n\nIf you can get to the web,\nhttp://www.petroleum.org/petrokids/petroperbbl.htm\nhas many interesting numbers related to your question.\n\nBest, Dick Plano, Professor of Physics emeritus, Rutgers University
836128
Kerosene is obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum at 150 °C and 275 °C (carbon chains from the C12 to C15 range).\n\nTypically, kerosene directly distilled from crude oil requires some treatment, either in a Merox unit or a hydrotreater, to reduce its sulfur content and its corrosiveness. Kerosene can also be produced by a hydrocracker, which is used to upgrade the parts of crude oil that would otherwise only be good for fuel oil.\n\nKerosene was first refined from a naturally-occurring asphaltum called Albertite by Abraham Gesner in 1846, founding the modern petroleum industry in the process. Gesner went on to establish his Kerosene Gaslight Company to market kerosene around the world in 1850. Scottish chemist James Young built the first truly commercial oil-works in the world at Bathgate in 1851, using oil extracted from locally mined Torbanite, shale and bituminous coal. Polish chemist Ignacy Łukasiewicz discovered the means of refining kerosene from the less expensive seep oil in 1856. The widespread availability of cheaper kerosene was the principal factor in the precipitous decline in the whaling industry in the mid- to late 19th century, as the leading product of whaling was oil for lamps.\n\n\n[edit] Uses\nAt one time it was widely used in kerosene lamps and lanterns. These were superseded by the electric light bulb and flashlights powered by dry cell batteries. Now it is mainly used in fuel for jet engines (more technically Avtur, Jet-A, Jet-A1, Jet-B, JP-4, JP-5, JP-7 or JP-8). A form of kerosene known as RP-1 is burned with liquid oxygen as rocket fuel. These fuel grade kerosenes meet specifications as to smoke points and freeze points.\n\nIn the early 1900's, kerosene was used as a cheap fuel for tractors. The engine would start on gasoline, then switch over to kerosene once the engine warmed up. A "heat valve" on the manifold would route the exhaust gasses around the intake pipe, heating the kerosene to the point where it can be ignited by a electrical spark.\n\nIts use as a cooking fuel is mostly restricted to some portable stoves for backpackers and to less developed countries, where it is usually less refined and contains impurities and even debris. It can also be used to remove lice from hair, but this practice is painful and potentially very dangerous.\n\nAs a heating fuel, it is often used in portable stoves, and is sold in some filling stations. It is sometimes used as a heat source during power failures. The use of portable kerosene heaters is not recommended for closed indoor areas without a chimney due to the danger of buildup of carbon monoxide gas.\n\nKerosene is widely used in Japan as a home heating fuel for portable and installed kerosene heaters. In Japan, kerosene can be readily bought at any filling station or be delivered to homes.\n\nThe Amish, who limit use of electric appliances for religious reasons, rely on kerosene for lighting and often purchase kerosene-powered versions of appliances such as refrigerators.\n\nIt is used as an organic solvent.\n\nKerosene is often used in the entertainment industry, as a fuel for fire dancing. Kerosene is not usually used as a fuel for indoor fire-dancing as it produces an unpleasant odour which becomes, in sufficient concentration, poisonous. In general such use of fire indoors is not common. Methanol is often used instead [citation needed], however it can be a more dangerous fuel because of its lower flash point, and it also produces less "impressive" flames.\n\nMore ubiquitous in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, kerosene space heaters were often built into kitchen ranges and kept many farm and fishing families warm and dry through the winter. At one time citrus growers used smudge pots fueled by kerosene to create a pall of thick smoke over a grove in an effort to prevent freezing temperatures from damaging crops. "Salamanders" were kerosene space heaters used on construction sites to dry out
288771
Gasoline is ignited by the spark plug, which causes a small explosion in the motor. The explosion causes pressure, which moves the piston, which moves the crank, etc.
324875
Traditional gasoline formulations (i.e., those that do not contain ethanol) are almost completely immiscible in water, and vice versa.  That is, water has very limited solubility in gasoline, and gasoline has very limited solubility in water.  (The addition of ethanol to gasoline significantly increases the solubility of water in the gasoline, though.)\n\nAssuming "traditional" gasoline, and assuming zero mutual solubility, we can easily solve your problem.  \n\nWater has a density of ~ 1 gram/cm^3, so 50 grams of water occupies 50 cm^3.  Gasoline has a density of 0.73 gm/cm^3, so 50 gms of gasoline occupies 50/0.73 = 68.5 cm^3.  The total volume of the system is therefore 50+68.5 = 118.5 cm^3.  The total system has a mass of 100 grams so the average density is 100 grams/118.5 cm^3 = 0.844 gm/cm^3.\n\n[Note added after several people have responded with incorrect answers.\n\nThe answerers who have simply averaged the densities of gasoline and water are incorrect.  If the problem asked for the density of a mixture of equal *volumes* of gas and water, then you could simply average the densities of the individual fluids.  This is not what is being asked, though.  The question asks for the density of a mixture of equal *masses* of gas and water.  Equal masses of gasoline and water do not occupy equal volumes (obviously, because they don't have the same densities).  TO solve the problem, one must first find the volumes occupied by 50 grams of each fluid, then divide 100 grams (the total mass of the system) by sum of the two volumes.]
518977
85% Ethanol; OK, stay with me now.........\n\n15% of a gallon = gasoline.  1 gallon = 4 quarts\n\n15% of 4 quarts = .6 quarts = 1 pint, 6 tablespoons, 1 teaspoon\n\nSo, you would need to mix 1 pint, 6 tablespoons and 1 teaspoon of gasoline with every 3.4 quarts of ethanol