aniline acid production methods?
410416
Search http://www.scirus.com
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Search at these sites.  It can be done, but it is usually not economical.\n\nhttp://www.scirus.com/srsapp/\n\nhttp://www.scienceresearch.com/search/
899459
The best source of cheap N2 is air.  The way it's produced is as follows: Air is liquified by cooling it and compressing it.  The liquid air then undergoes fractional distillation.  That's where the various components are separated by means of their different boiling points (the approximate composition of air is, N2 = 78%, O2 = 21%, Ar = 0.9%, miscellaneous gases = 0.1%).  In the laboratory, very pure N2 can be produced by heating sodium azide: 2NaN3 => 2Na + 3N2.\nH2 can be made by the electrolysis of water: 2H2O => 2H2 + O2, or by the catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons.  In the lab, it's often made by reacting certain metals with a dilute acid, eg: Zn + H2SO4 => ZnSO4 + H2.  H2 is also sometimes made by decomposing an active metal hydride with water, eg: CaH2 + H2O => Ca(OH)2 + H2.  This method has been used to generate H2, on-site, for filling weather balloons.  H2 is also made (along with CO) by reacting carbon (usually as coke) with very hot steam: H2O + C => H2 + CO.  The mixture of H2 & CO is called "producer gas," and used to be used for gas heating, lighting, etc, before natural gas was readily available.  Also, CO reacts with H2O at high temp. to produce "water gas": CO + H2O => H2 + CO2, which is a source of H2, if the CO2 is removed.
706351
KCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq)  --> KNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)\n\nNet ionic: Cl-(aq) + Ag+(aq)  --> AgCl(s)\n\nNa2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2  --> 2NaNO3(aq) + BaSO4(s)\n\nnet ionic: SO4(-2)(aq) + Ba(+2)(aq)  --> BaSO4(s)
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There is only one I can think of. 1-hexyne can be deprotonated with sodium in liquid ammonia, to yield a very basic, nucleophilic anion.\n\n2-hexyne has no such proton to remove.\n\n===\nThe poster below is also correct. NMR would be the fastest way. You wouldn't even have to use a deuterated solvent. (because the hexyne would be a liquid).
1002183
Concentrated Nitric Acid and copper.  Be careful.  Nasty stuff... really!
585164
Well, you can combine it with oxygen to make hydrochloric acid, but it gives off pure hydrogen as a by-product, so I wouldn't try this at home....
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http://www.eacochem.com/lc_aluminumcleaning.shtml
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Methcathinone can be synthesized by oxidation of (pseudo)ephedrine with (di)chromate salts, or via Jones reagent.Here is the synthesis via Jones reagent:\nOxidizing the Alcohol to a Ketone\n1.068 grams (just over 1 gram) CrO3 are added to 0.92ml H2SO4, and distilled water is added to bring the total volume to 4ml. 2 grams of pseudoephedrine are dissolved in 20ml acetone, and cooled in an ice bath. The Jones reagant is slowly added to the pseudoephedrine, dropwise and with stirring. The mixture becomes a reddish brown.Since we used just about the exact number of molecules required, and under very mild conditions, the reaction will proceed slowly, but very smoothly. Just let the ice melt and the stirred solution warm over night.\nExtracting the Ketone\nAbout 12-18 hours later the reaction is complete, the color is now a very dark green. We now have to neutarlize and extract our ketone. Add about 20mL of water, and chill in an ice bath. Dropwise and with stirring add about 1 gram of lye (Sodium Hydroxide - NaOH) in a solution with as little water as possible (highly concentrated). Check the pH regularly, and stop at pH=12. The now basic solution is shaken with 50ml of toluene. Allow to stand and two layers will form. The ketone will move into the toluene layer. Let the mix settle and remove the acetone/toluene/ketone and put it aside. Add another 50mL portion of toluene to the aqueous (water-based) portion, shake, filter (which breaks the emulsion and removes some chromium salts), and remove and put aside the toluene. Ensure that pH is still 12, and repeat again with another 50mL portion of toluene.Combine the three toluene extractions and evaporate them with a hair dryer. The result is the impure ketone of pseudoephedrine, also know as methcathinione or ephedrone.We used very gentle oxidation, neutralization, extraction, and evaporation conditions. Shortcuts can be used (no ice, evaporate with some heat, etc.), but good lab practice is never to stress the substrate needlessly. So we were careful.The raw "dirty" methcathinone weighs about 1.7 grams.It is purified by adding just enough tolene to redissolve it. Some particles will not dissolve, and are left in the drying dish. The toluene is filtered to remove any additional particles, poured back into the separation funnel and shaken with an equal amount of distilled water. This removes any small amount of water solubles. The toluene is put into a clean dish and dried once again. The impurities are more soluble in acetone than the ephedrone, so a very small amout of acetone is added, and sloshed around. Pour this off into the waste (original green mix). What's left is a little over 1 gram (about 60% yield) of relatively pure, slightly off-white methcathinone.\nBetter chemists can expect a much higher yield. This is a general procedure. The example given -Pseudoephedrine or Ephedrine to Methcatinone - is for illustrative purposes only. Oxidizing cold pills is illegal, and makes a lousy drug anyway
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Part 2: Synthesis of Benzil \n\nStarting with the a-hydroxyketone benzoin (prepared in Part 1), you will prepare an oxidation product, benzil, which is an a-diketone. \n\n \n\nThis oxidation can easily be done with a variety of mild oxidizing agents, including Fehling's solution (an alkaline cupric tartrate complex) or copper(II) sulfate in pyridine.  In addition, benzoin could be oxidized by sodium dichromate, but the yield of benzil is lower because some of the benzoin is converted back into benzaldehyde following cleavage of the bond between the two oxidized carbon atoms, which is activated by the phenyl rings, producing benzoic acid as the final product.  In this experiment, due to ease of use and consistent results, we will use nitric acid as the oxidizing agent. \n\nCaution: Concentrated nitric acid is highly corrosive and causes severe burns if spilled onto your skin. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) fumes are highly toxic and can damage the lungs due to inflammation. Do not breathe NO2 fumes, and perform this part of the experiment in the hood. \n\nProcedure \n\nHeat a mixture of 4.0 g of benzoin (prepared in Part 1; save enough for analysis, but proportion reagents as needed) into a round-bottom flask with 14.0 mL of concentrated nitric acid.  Add a stirring bar and attach a condenser to the top of the flask. Set up a reflux in the hood to vent NO2 produced during the reaction. With stirring, heat the reaction mixture. Begin timing the reaction when NO2 (red-brownish colored gas) are visible above the reaction mixture and gas bubbles are present on the stir bar. Reflux for at least 30 minutes, or until no more NO2 gas is apparent. Do not stop the reaction until the reaction is complete. Stop the reaction by removing the heating mantle, and letting the reaction mixture cool for about 5 minutes.  Add about 75 mL of cold water to the reaction mixture, cool to room temperature, and swirl for a minute or two to coagulate the precipitated product: collect and wash the yellow solid using vacuum filtration.  Continue drawing air through the crystals on the funnel by suction for about 5 minutes to assist in drying the crystals..  The crude product (dry weight 3.7-3.9 grams) need not be dried but can be crystallized at once from ethanol.  Dissolve the product in 10 mL of hot ethanol, add water dropwise to the cloud point (mixture goes from clear to cloudy, or solids being formed), and set aside to crystallize.  Record the yield, crystalline form, color, and melting point of the purified, and recrystallized, benzil.   \n\nTest for the presense of unoxidized benzoin: Dissolve about 0.5 mg of crude or purified benzil in 0.5 mL of 95% ethanol or methanol and add one drop of 10% NaOH.  If benzoin is present the solution soon acquires a purplish color owing to a complex of benzil with a product of autoxidation of benzoin.  If no color develops in 2-3 min, and indication that the sample is free from benzoin, add a small amount of benzoin, observe the color that develops, and not that if the test tube is stoppered and shaken vigorously the color momentarily disappears; when the soluton is then let stand, the color reappears. \n\nCleaning up: The aqueous filtrate (containing HNO3) should be neutralized with sodium carbonate, diluted with water, and flushed down the drain.  Ethanol used in crystallization should be placed in the organic solvents container.
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Citric acid would probably be the easiest to come by.\nAsorbic acid (Vitamin C) is also anothe weak organic acid.
932271
yields "H2 + Zn2O3"\n\n^^!
238348
The cholor-akali process is an excellent method to make \n HCl all you need is  table salt,a battery and D.I.
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NH4NO2 --------------> N2 + 2H20 \n\nYOU NEED TO HEAT THE SOLUTION IN ORDER TO DECOMPOSE THE COMPOUND \n \nHOPE THIS HELPS
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This might help :)\nhttp://www.chemicalforums.com/index.php?board=8;action=display;threadid=3263
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You are not going to be able to buy nitric acid above 70% pure.  Nitric acid pretty much dissolves anything it comes in contact with which causes for its low purity.  I would not suggest heating concentrated acid since the fumes it will produce are very dangerous.  The fumes at room temperature will even cause burns. Depending on what you are trying to do, the acid will need some oxygen to dissolve metals.  With stainless steel, a small scratch on the surface will be enough.
279246
The ABE process uses bacteria to produce Acetone Butanol and Ethanol. This fermentation process yielded a 6:3:1 ratio of Butanol, Acetone and Ethanol.