What kind of fuel do scientists use in rockets?
488798
Hi:\n\nNASA mostly use hydrogen and oxygen or tri-nictro-oxide in the liquid stages of their rockets and ammonium Nitric or some other solid state fuel that similar to gun cotton for the solid rocket booster. However in the early day of rocketry; they use any liquid fuel that would combined with liquid oxygen, Such gasoline,100 proof grain alcohol,Kerosene, fuel oil. and gunpowder or gun cotton for solid rockets Today however they mostly use hydrogen and oxygen for the liquid fuel rockets. What type of fuel they put into their rocket depend on how much weight their payload is; and how high they want it to go, and if they are visiting the planets in our solar system this as to be accounted for too.\n\nBack in the 1950,s and 1960's NASA had developed a Nuclear rocket engine under a project name: "Project Pluto" where liquid hydrogen was heated by a nuclear reactor to produce  a rocket thrust to propel a spacecraft in space. It fell out favor with the public due to radiation issues. There is a new type of rocket that uses ion propulsion where a gas such a hydrogen or Xenon gas is ionized and run ed through a series of electrically charge grids and are accelerated to very velocity as they exit the spacecraft And then there is:  The Antimatter and Matter rocket engine this where Matter and Antimatter is allow to mix in certain ratio in a rocket reactor vessel and focused by magnetic field to generate a lot of thrust
1035230
First of all, it depends on what you need the thruster for. Chemical rockets (solid, liquid, and hybrid) are the only ones with strong enough thrust to get off the Earth, but once you're in orbit even a low continuous thrust will get you where you want to go, if you have the time.\n\nChemical rockets combine fuel and oxidizer to create thrust. Liquid and solid fueled rockets are just what they sound like; hybrids use a solid fuel but a liquid oxidizer to to start and stop the burn. This helps to deal with one of the biggest problems with solid fuel rockets - once they're lit, they can't be shut off. A hybrid can be throttled off just by stopping the flow of oxidizer.\n\nHall effect and ion thrusters are a bit different. They use a fuel (typically a light gas, but there's a particular type that uses solid Teflon) that is ionized and then passed through a magnetic field to accelerate it to very high speeds. The drawback is that the acceleration is very low, so it can't be used to launch off the Earth. The plus is that you don't really need the high thrust of a chemical rocket in space - it just takes you longer to get anywhere. There was a British spacecraft that went from Earth orbit to the Moon using only ion thrusters; it took eighteen months!
955914
cobalt in Ghostbusters II. Egon: Is the atomic weight of cobalt 58.9  .  also proton packs (all elements have protons), a lot of the science behind the containment units\n\nCarbon appears a few times in star wars iv-vi (carbon freeze, carbon scoring).  In THX carbon is also mentioned.\n\nUranium has an easterner looking for "nuclear wessels" at the height of the cold war in Star Trek IV KIRK: We'll divide into teams. Commanders Chekhov and Uhura are assigned to the Uranium problem.  Also in the series, Uranium is the fuel for the ships like voyager and the enterprise.  Star trek has a lot of bad chemistry...\n\nUranium is also mentioned in Superman: Man of steel.  (it's doubtful that kryptonite counts as the element krypton, because that element could be native to other planets just as easily, and its not solid on earth.)\n\nsilicon in Escape from LA (TASLIMA: They live here, used to be like us. But after too many silicon implants, their muscles turned to jelly.)\n\nAnd in total recall, the idea of how life is possible with an alteration to the air uses a chemistry explanation (it's been a while, I don't remember the quotes)  "Give the people the air"
394222
Hydrogen isnt used as fuel in any aircraft that are currently in production today.  The fuel I handle most often for aircraft use is JP-8, but there are others out there. They are usually kerosine or kerosine-gasoline blends.
572514
Other methods involve pressurized air in a bottle with water, makes a crude rocket, there is some video of an asian guy who made a rocket suit with about 20 2 liter bottles hooked up to a pump system that shot him up in the air over water a ways, then he crashes down awkwardly.  Poor guy. Probably for a game show or something, idk.   \n\nOther rocket mixtures use liquid or solid fuel, depends what you mean and want when you say "Rocket".  Like are you trying to make something to play with in the yard, or trying to make your own ICBM?  \n\nAll you need is some source of thrust to be propelled out the back end which because of Newton's Law of Equal and Opposite reaction means that it can operate in a vacuum, with no medium to push against (unlike a propeller or jet engine or something of that nature).
130717
A space craft is a vehicle that travels once in space. A   rocket is just a big, hot engine that is used to propel the space craft outside of Earth's gravitational pull. \n\nGood Luck!
827237
Hydrogen\nOxygen\nCarbon\nNitrogen\nPhosphorus\nSulphur
33547
Same way they do anywhere....\n\nJets take in air and spit it back out. A jet wouldn't work in space.\n\nRockets carry their fule with them, and so don't need to take anything in.\n\nThe mass and energy pushing away from the rocket will push just as hard in space as on Earth, and will do all the better since there is less gravity to worry about.
473126
Hydrogen. You can create it from water using only electricity so it's the cheapest fuel ever. When you explode it (during combustion), it mixes with oxygen to create...you guessed it...water (no polution).\n\nSo:\n1.Free\n2.No polutants\n\nHmmm...
928895
It would be Iridium and if you need a small sample of it, they use very very small amounts of it in spark plugs because it supposedly produces better spark and combustion.
256963
fuel from compressed bio-material (or fossils)
697479
Mostly hydrogen. There is a little bit of helium and heavier elements in there as well.
665650
Antimatter is mainly useful because it has a very high energy density but to produce it you need to put in more energy than you can get out of it which is why about the only large scale uses would be spacecraft propulsion and weapons (with pretty much everyone with some sanity left prefering the first usage).\n\nYou would need to produce antimatter somewhere, Earth would do although if I were planning a large scale interstellar programme I'd be more inclined to set up a production plant close to the sun for the abundant energy there.  Current production using particle accelerators is at a very low rate although it seems to be largely because the accelerators were designed for high energy physics experiments and not antimatter production so some optimisation for antimatter production should allow the production rates to increase quite a bit and costs to come down (though it'll still be in short supply on Earth).\n\nAs for how antimatter rockets would work:\n\nSome of them would fire the antimatter at something to heat it up and expel another propellent, say hydrogen, this has the advantage of requiring less antimatter but also causes a loss of performance with some of them even having inferior performance to much safer nuclear fission rockets.  Higher performance comes from the Beam Core design in which the products of the proton+antiproton reaction and sent directly out the back of the spacecraft though this requires a lot of antimatter.\n\nSome other proposals use very small amounts of antimatter to cause a fission or fusion reaction (or both) that otherwise could not have occured to provide propulsion.
20450
Propulsion Techniques Anti-matter\n\nAnti-matter is explosive stuff! In a scientific sense, it is the opposite of the normal matter which comprises both us and our surroundings. Every type of particle in nature is thought to possess its own anti-particle – which will have the opposite charge to the particle itself. Originally theorised to exist by scientists in the first half of the 20th century, the fact that a matter/anti-matter reaction releases a hundred times more energy (per mass of fuel) than even the most powerful nuclear reaction quickly brought it to the attention of the science-fiction genre. “Star Trek” is probably the most obvious example of the basic use of anti-matter in science fiction. Star ships of the Federation use stores of anti-matter as their source of fuel, so that their ships are powered by a matter/anti-matter reaction. \n\nSometimes the use of anti-matter was as straightforward as being the ultimate rocket fuel, for example in the anti-matter rocket starships in Peter F. Hamilton's “The Nightsdawn Trilogy” (1990s). On other occasions, anti-matter has been viewed as the natural successor to nuclear reactors as the source of power of the future, a prime example being the “Starship Enterprise” from the 1960s television show “Star Trek” (not to mention its sequel series and film spin-offs). The “Enterprise” contained a central reactor core which powered the entire ship in which matter and anti-matter were mixed, releasing enough energy to boldly go where no-one had gone before! \n\nSome science-fiction authors have even asked what-if questions about anti-matter. In the book “Traces”, Stephen Baxter explores the idea that anti-matter might exist in space as large chunks of “anti-ice”, which could be mined and mixed with large volumes of normal water to provide, in the case of the story in question, an awful lot of steam power.
611632
space shuttle burns hydrogen. imagine you're standing under it when it launches. endothermic or exothermic?\n\ncorrect reaction formula was already given.
957293
Rockets go at many different speeds depending on the application. A good example is the speed a rocket needs to go when leaving the earth and going into earth orbit. This is called "escape velocity". For rockets leaving the north pole where the spin of the earth is not a factor, the escape velocity is 11.2 km/sec (approx. 25,000 miles per hour).\n\nOnce out of earth orbit, rockets attached to spacecraft may increase speed to reach distant planets. Speed will stay the same until the rocket is ignited. Once the rocket is burning, the speed will continue to increase. Small rocket engines, like "ion engines", with very low but continuous thrust will keep the rocket accelerating for a very long time.
905696
A solid propellant rocket has a solid fuel core, for example gunpowder. A liquid propellant rocket, such as an ICBM, has liquid for fuel, like gas (but a specialized fuel more developed than gas).\n\nA rocket with solid fuel can only go a short distance. Liquid fuel is used more for missiles that have a long way to go and can be guided (intelligent).