Which gland fails to produce enough of its hormone in the disease diabetes mellitus?
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the pancreas stops producing insulin which is necessary to get the sugar in the blood stream into the cells where it can be used.  Thus the liver starts to break down the bodies fat and do gluconeogenesis.
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First of all you must understan that there are 2 types of diabetes.\n   Type one: The body does not produce any insulin. The most hopeful cure is islet cell transplants. This is done by injecting islet cells from a cadaver into the pancreas of the individual with type 1 diabetes. The process needs cells from about 10 cadavers and now is about 70-80% effective for eliminating the need to use insulin.\n   Type 2 diabetes has a few causes. The body does not produce enough insulin or the body does not use insulin effectivley. There is some medication and insulin available to control this.\n   Either one of these can develop from a family history or by living a certain lifestyle. The best way to control, delay and or prevent this is from proper dietary habits. Portion control,eating healthy foods and exercise are still the best options.
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Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) happens when the body can't use glucose for energy because it doesn’t have any or enough insulin. Insulin controls how much glucose (which is the energy source we get from food) can pass from the blood into body’s cells.\n\nAlert!\nIf a person who is known to have diabetes becomes confused, obviously unwell, drowsy or unconscious, that person needs urgent help. She may have very low levels of blood glucose (hypoglycaemia – 'hi-po-gly-see-mia') or ketoacidosis ('ket-o-acid-o-sis'). See the topic 'Diabetes – managing diabetes in childhood' for more information about what to do for hypoglycaemia and ketoacidosis.\n\n\nWhat is diabetes?\nThere are two main types of diabetes mellitus.\n\nDiabetes mellitus type 1 (sometimes called ‘juvenile onset diabetes’ or ‘insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)) usually starts in childhood or early adult life, most commonly before teenage years. It is due to damage to b-cells in the pancreas, so that they do not make the hormone insulin.\nDiabetes mellitus type 2 (also called ‘mature onset diabetes’ or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) usually starts later in life, usually when the person is over 40 years old. However, it is occurring more often now in much younger people, especially people who are very overweight. Although people with type 2 diabetes usually make some insulin, it is not enough, or it does not work well.\nThere is also gestational diabetes which happens during pregnancy, and diabetes insipidus, a quite different sort of problem.\n\nThis topic focuses only on type 1 diabetes mellitus.\n\nWith type 1 diabetes, young people have no insulin, so they need:\n\nto get insulin by injection at least once, and often several times each day \nto be careful about what they eat, how much they exercise, drinking alcohol and using tobacco and drugs \nto be in control of their diabetes \nto understand that people with diabetes are able to do pretty much everything that other people are able to do. \n\nUnderstanding diabetes\nOur topic on the Parenting and Child Health section of this site called 'Diabetes in childhood' contains a lot of information about the causes of diabetes and its effects and complications.\n\nThere is a lot of research going on world wide to find a cure for diabetes, including seeking ways of transplanting insulin-making tissue – but there is no cure for diabetes yet.\n\n\nManaging diabetes\nEvery person who has type 1 diabetes should have their own diabetes management plan and a team of workers they can seek information and help from.\n\nSomeone with type 1 diabetes will need to regularly monitor their:\n\nblood glucose level \ndiet \ninsulin \nexercise.\nAt the moment, insulin will need to be injected every day for the rest of their life. The topic 'Diabetes - managing diabetes in childhood' goes into detail about diet, insulin, monitoring blood glucose, exercise and most of the questions that are usually asked. \n\n\nTaking control\nIf you have had diabetes for a while, you and your parents may be very used to managing your diabetes. If it has only recently been diagnosed, they may be very anxious and want to help more than you feel is needed (parents are like that!)\n\nAs you get older, your diabetes management team and your parents will help you to take control of managing your diabetes – you might start to see health workers by yourself, and gradually take over managing your own record-keeping.\n\nAll doctors, dietitians and others who work with people with diabetes know that people are not perfect. If you do 'go out of control' it is best to 'own up' and work out some plans for next time, rather than pretending that every thing is OK.\n\nSome things that you will probably have to manage more strictly than other young people include: \n\nmeal times (missing meals can lead to problems) \nsleep-ins (you may have to wake up early to eat, or have your
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The hormone is synthesized and secreted from alpha cells (α-cells) of the islet of Langerhans, which are located in the endocrine portion of the pancreas. The alpha cells are located in the outer rim of the islet.
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Pituitary gland is a small oval endocrine gland that lies at the base of the brain. It is sometimes called the master gland of the body because all the other endocrine glands depend on its secretions for stimulation
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Diabetes occurs when the body's insulin production is impaired in some way.  When there is insufficient insulin in the body, the complex sugars in our food cannot be broken down into glucose for use by our cells.  Ironically enough, this leads to a situation where the blood has excess sugar but the cells are starved of glucose.  Since glucose is required for many cellular functions and to provide energy, the depletion of cellular glucose ultimately leads to a feeling of fatigue.
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Pituitary gland\n\nThe most important of the endocrine glands (glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream), the pituitary is located at the base of the brain. Sometimes referred to as the "master gland," it regulates and controls the activities of other endocrine glands and many body processes including growth and reproductive function. Also called the hypophysis.
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Diabetes Overview\n\nDiabetes is a set of related diseases in which the body cannot regulate the amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood.\n\nGlucose in the blood gives you energy—the kind you need when you walk briskly, run for a bus, ride your bike, take an aerobics class, and perform your day-to-day chores.\n\n    * Glucose in the blood is produced by the liver from the foods you eat.\n\n    * In a healthy person, the blood glucose level is regulated by several hormones, one of which is insulin. Insulin is produced by the pancreas, a small organ near the stomach that also secretes important enzymes that help in the digestion of food.\n\n    * Insulin allows glucose to move from the blood into liver, muscle, and fat cells, where it is used for fuel.\n\n    * People with diabetes either do not produce enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or cannot use insulin properly (type 2 diabetes), or both.\n\n    * In diabetes, glucose in the blood cannot move into cells, and it stays in the blood. This not only harms the cells that need the glucose for fuel, but also harms certain organs and tissues exposed to the high glucose levels.\n\nType 1 diabetes: The body stops producing insulin or produces too little insulin to regulate blood glucose level.\n\n    * Type 1 diabetes comprises about 10% of total cases of diabetes in the United States.\n\n    * Type 1 diabetes is typically recognized in childhood or adolescence. It used to be known as juvenile-onset diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.\n\n    * Type 1 diabetes can occur in an older individual due to destruction of pancreas by alcohol, disease, or removal by surgery or progressive failure of pancreatic beta cells, which produce insulin.\n\n    * People with type 1 diabetes generally require daily insulin treatment to sustain life.\n\nType 2 diabetes: The pancreas secretes insulin, but the body is partially or completely unable to use the insulin. This is sometimes referred to as insulin resistance. The body tries to overcome this resistance by secreting more and more insulin. People with insulin resistance develop type 2 diabetes when they do not continue to secrete enough insulin to cope with the higher demands.\n\n    * At least 90% of patients with diabetes have type 2 diabetes.\n\n    * Type 2 diabetes is typically recognized in adulthood, usually after age 45 years. It used to be called adult-onset diabetes mellitus, or non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These names are no longer used because type 2 diabetes does occur in younger people, and some people with type 2 diabetes need to use insulin.\n\n    * Type 2 diabetes is usually controlled with diet, weight loss, exercise, and oral medications. More than half of all people with type 2 diabetes require insulin to control their blood sugar levels at some point in the course of their illness.\n\nGestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during the second half of pregnancy.\n\n    * Although gestational diabetes typically goes away after delivery, women who have gestational diabetes are more likely than other women to develop type 2 diabetes later in life.\n\n    * Women with gestational diabetes are more likely to have large babies.\n\nMetabolic syndrome (syndrome X) is a set of abnormalities in which insulin-resistant diabetes (type 2) is almost always present and includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia (increased serum lipids, predominant elevation of LDL, decrease in HDL, and elevated triglycerides), central obesity, and abnormalities in blood clotting and inflammatory responses. A high rate of cardiovascular disease is associated with the metabolic syndrome.\n\nPrediabetes is a common condition related to diabetes. In people with prediabetes, the blood sugar level is higher than normal but not high enough to be considered diabetes.\n\n    * Prediabetes increases your risk of getting type 2 diabetes and of having heart disease or a stroke.\n\n    * Prediabetes can be reversed without insulin or med
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In type I, the beta cells do not produce insulin-either because of a defect in the cell machinery or because of death of all the beta cells.  In type II, there is resistance to insulin at the receptor level-the body has to produce more and more insulin for the same effect..this can lead to loss of insulin production and the same situation as found in type I, no insulin.  The pancreas makes a very large number of substances, and is not a lobular organ-in other words, the beta, alpha, and delta cells, and the other hormone-producing cells, are found throughout the organ.  In type I diabetes, the rest of the organ appears to be normal-thus, if you were to transplant another pancreas in, you would have severe problem regulating the production of all the other pancreas-produced substances.  You would have to remove the original pancreas (which is otherwise healthy) and replace it with the donated one, which would have a good chance of being rejected, leaving you with no pancreas at all- Further, organ transplants are only done when there is no other treatment, and death would otherwise be imminent.  That is clearly not the case in diabetes, though there are a great many health risks.  Overall, the risks from having diabetes and taking exogenous insulin are less than having a tissue transplant, which isn't necessary to save the life at any rate.
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The Cause of Type 1 Diabetes\n\nAutoimmune reactions, in which the body's white blood cells harm its own tissues, cause many diseases including type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and arthritis, among others. We don’t known why immune cells target certain organs, and why in type 1 diabetes, only insulin-producing cells are killed.\n\nIn type 1 diabetes, the body's immune T-cells react against beta cells -- the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas -- effectively shutting them down and triggering disease onset.\n\nSo, it is known that type 1 diabetes is caused by the body's immune system turning against cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. What's remained unclear is the target for this immune response.\n\nSome studies report that albumin, the protein in milk, is a causal agent for that immune reaction. Also some theories point toward viruses. The glutamic acid decarboxylase is another molecule that has been believed to be the cause for that reaction.\n\nNow, after eight long years of careful research, scientists believe they've finally pegged insulin as the prime antigen -- immune system target -- responsible for this shutdown.\n\nDr. David A. Hafler, Breakstone professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School guided the research, which appears in the May issue of Nature. Unfortunately, the only way to adequately answer that question in humans is to examine tough-to-obtain pancreatic lymph tissues.\n\n"It took us years to get these tissues, to clone the cells and then to really characterize them and examine their activity," he said. “The results of that effort show that indeed the target -- the cause -- of type 1 diabetes may be T-cell reactivity to insulin," Hafler said.\n\nHis team in Miami has been testing insulin as a potential basis for a vaccine against type 1 diabetes. However, another expert in type 1 diabetes research, Edwin Gale --who is professor of diabetic medicine and head of the department of clinical science at the University of Bristol in England-- cautioned that a potent vaccine against the illness remains a distant goal.\n\nThese findings are very interesting for people with type 1 diabetes, but not for those with type 2 diabetes, since although in both cases the result is hyperglycemia, the causes are different. Reports Health Day News\n\n\nWhat Causes Type 2 Diabetes\n\nType 2 diabetes affects about 200 million people worldwide and has a predicted increase to 300 million by 2025. Also, nowadays more and more children and adolescents are developing Type 2 diabetes, which used affect mostly adults in the past.\n\nRecent studies reveal that genetics, obesity, fetal history, lack of activity, a diet high in fat and stress, all may play a role in the development diabetes.\n\nGenetic studies have shown that the association of some genes is the root of the cause of Type 2 diabetes. A healthy and active lifestyle for the whole family of a person with diabetes is then greatly recommended to protect their children and young people.\n\nLow birth weight has also been associated with Type 2 diabetes. It seems that poor nourishment of the fetus increases the risk of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes.\nIf that baby is overfed and becomes overweight during childhood, then the risk is a lot higher.\n\nOn the other hand, stress has been associated with insulin resistance, which leads to Type 2 diabetes. This happens due to the cascade of metabolic reactions that our emergency hormones trigger when we are stressed.\n\nObesity has long been associated with diabetes, as well as the lack of physical activity and a diet high in fat. This is thought to cause a condition called insulin resistance.\n\nWhat is insulin resistance?\n\nInsulin resistance means that your muscles, fat, and liver cells cannot use insulin properly. There can be a lot of insulin circulating, but the cells are incapable of using it to allow glucose entering the cells and be conv
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Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. The cause of diabetes continues to be a mystery, although both genetics and environmental factors such as obesity and lack of exercise appear to play roles.\n\nThere are 20.8 million people in the United States, or 7% of the population, who have diabetes. While an estimated 14.6 million have been diagnosed with diabetes, unfortunately, 6.2 million people (or nearly one-third) are unaware that they have the disease.\n\nIn order to determine whether or not a patient has pre-diabetes or diabetes, health care providers conduct a Fasting Plasma Glucose Test (FPG) or an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Either test can be used to diagnose pre-diabetes or diabetes. The American Diabetes Association recommends the FPG because it is easier, faster, and less expensive to perform.\n\nWith the FPG test, a fasting blood glucose level between 100 and 125 mg/dl signals pre-diabetes. A person with a fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg/dl or higher has diabetes.\n\nIn the OGTT test, a person's blood glucose level is measured after a fast and two hours after drinking a glucose-rich beverage. If the two-hour blood glucose level is between 140 and 199 mg/dl, the person tested has pre-diabetes. If the two-hour blood glucose level is at 200 mg/dl or higher, the person tested has diabetes.\nMajor Types of Diabetes\n\n\nThe Complete Guide to Diabetes, 4th EditionFurther Reading . . .\nThe Complete Guide to Diabetes has been completely revised to bring you all the information you need to live an active, healthy life with diabetes. Now in its fourth edition, this guide gives you information on the best self-care techniques and the latest medical advances. If you have diabetes, this guide will answer all your questions.\nFor more books on healthy living, click here.\n\nType 1 diabetes\nResults from the body's failure to produce insulin, the hormone that "unlocks" the cells of the body, allowing glucose to enter and fuel them. It is estimated that 5-10% of Americans who are diagnosed with diabetes have type 1 diabetes.\n\nType 2 diabetes\nResults from insulin resistance (a condition in which the body fails to properly use insulin), combined with relative insulin deficiency. Most Americans who are diagnosed with diabetes have type 2 diabetes.\n\nGestational diabetes\nGestational diabetes affects about 4% of all pregnant women - about 135,000 cases in the United States each year.\n\nPre-diabetes\nPre-diabetes is a condition that occurs when a person's blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. There are 41 million Americans who have pre-diabetes, in addition to the 20.8 million with diabetes.\nAdditional Information\n\n\nDiabetes Learning Center for the Recently Diagnosed\nYou've just been diagnosed with diabetes. Chances are you have a million questions running through your head. To help you answer those questions, and take the first steps toward better diabetes care, visit the Diabetes Learning Center -- an area for people who have been recently diagnosed with diabetes, or those needing basic information.\n\nDiabetes Symptoms\nOften diabetes goes undiagnosed because many of its symptoms seem so harmless. Learn what they are in this section.\n\nDiabetes Risk Test\nMore than 20 million Americans have diabetes - nearly one in three does not know it! Take our diabetes risk test to see if you are at risk for having diabetes. Diabetes is more common in African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders.\n\nDiabetes Myths\nFind the truth about some of the most common myths about diabetes.\n\nDiabetes Statistics\nWith so many people affected by diabetes, the American Diabetes Association has compiled statistics on the impact of diabetes and its complica
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Study of "Mad Cow" disease.  Or maybe something on insulin and diabetes.
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You needtopost more info.\n\nAtrophic pituitary gland can be congenital, from hemorrhagic shock,or from infarction.
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The endocrine system is a control system of ductless glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones that circulate within the body via the bloodstream to affect distant organs. Hormones act as "messengers", and are carried by the bloodstream to different cells in the body, which interpret these messages and act on them. The endocrine system does not include exocrine glands such as salivary glands, sweat glands and glands within the gastrointestinal tract.\n\nThe field of medicine that deals with disorders of endocrine glands is endocrinology, a branch of the wider field of internal medicine.\n\nHypothalamus \nThyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) \nGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) \nGrowth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) \nCorticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) \nSomatostatin \nDopamine \nPituitary gland \nAnterior lobe (adenohypophysis) \nGH (human growth hormone) \nPRL (prolactin) \nACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) \nTSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) \nFSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) \nLH (luteinizing hormone) \nPosterior lobe (neurohypophysis) \nOxytocin \nADH (antidiuretic hormone) \nPineal gland \nMelatonin \nThyroid gland \nThyroxine (T4), a form of thyroid hormone \nTriiodothyronine (T3), a form of thyroid hormone \nCalcitonin \nParathyroid gland \nParathyroid hormone (PTH) \nHeart \nAtrial-natriuretic peptide (ANP) \nStomach and intestines \nGastrin \nSecretin \nCholecystokinin (CCK) \nSomatostatin \nNeuropeptide Y \nLiver \nInsulin-like growth factor \nAngiotensinogen \nThrombopoietin \nIslets of Langerhans in the pancreas \nInsulin \nGlucagon \nSomatostatin \nAdrenal glands \nAdrenal cortex \nGlucocorticoids - cortisol \nMineralocorticoids - aldosterone \nAndrogens (including testosterone) \nAdrenal medulla \nAdrenaline (epinephrine) \nNoradrenaline (norepinephrine) \nKidney \nRenin \nErythropoietin (EPO) \nCalcitriol \nSkin \nCalciferol (vitamin D3) \nAdipose tissue \nLeptin \n\nIn males only\nTestes \nAndrogens (testosterone) \n\nIn females only\nOvarian follicle \nOestrogens \nTestosterone \nCorpus luteum \nProgesterone \nPlacenta (when pregnant) \nProgesterone \nHuman chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) \nHuman placental lactogen (HPL) \n\nRole in disease\nDiseases of the endocrine system are common, such as diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease.\n\nEndocrineopathies can occur with any of these. Hypofunction can occur as result of loss of reserve, hyposecretion, agenesis, atrophy, destruction, etc. Hyperfunction can occur as result of hypersecretion, loss of suppression, tumor, hyperplasia, etc.\n\nEndocrineopathies are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary.\n\nPrimary is target organ dysfunction and is normally associated with increased or decreased secretory hormones. Secondary is a dysfunction that originates elsewhere like the pituitary gland and is normally associated with increased or decreased production of trophic factors. Tertiary is associated with dysfunction of the hypothalamus and its releasing hormones.\n\nDiffuse Endocrine System\nOrgans aren't the sole way for hormones to be sent into the body; there are a host of specific cells which secrete hormones independently. These are called the "diffuse" endocrine system, and include myocytes in the heart (atria) and epithelial cells in the stomach and small intestines. In fact, if one were to classify any chemical excretions in the term "hormone," every cell in the human body could be considered a part of the endocrine system.
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The hormones in the endocrine system help keep the body in balance.\n\nCertain organisms can either release too many of a hormone or not enough.\n\nThese organs are vital in the endocrine system (this is not all of them): thyroid, pancreas, pituitary gland, kidneys, reproductive organs, adrenal gland, etc.\n\nChanges in hormone levels can affect the whole body.\n\nMost notorious of endocrine disorders:\nHypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Diabetes, etc.\n\nFor more information follow the link below...
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the endocrine system's main function is to maintain homeostasis. it does so mostly through chemical messengers called hormones. hormones are produced in one organ and used in another. the endocrine system uses many glands such as the pituitary gland, which is like the director of the endocrine system, the hypothalamus, which controls the pituitary gland, and the pineal gland, which controls growth and development and so on and so forth. there are also numerous other glands, like the thyroid gland, the and non-glands, like the pancreas, that secrete (another word for make) hormones, in the case of the pancreas, it secretes insulin and glycogen, which lower and increase the level of sugar in your blood. \n\n\nhope this helps you at all and you had better not copy  this word for word.
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One of the most important causes of protein deficiency is proteinuria, or a problem with the kidneys where they loose a lot of protein in the urine.  There are many causes of proteinuria, diabetes being one of them. Of course "not eating" will cause protein deficiency as well.