Hi,Please explain : the extrude mold and injection mold method in plastic industry. Thanks so much.?
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Extrusion.. There is a mold or tooling which the molten plastic is forced through to produce a continuous shape.. Extrusion is used to make Plastic window frames, plastic bags, guttering, plastic tubing etc.\nInjection.\nThere is a closed mold or tool which molten plastic is injected into, solidified and then removed.\nFor example the fittings that you use to fix your guttering to your roof, the dashboard of your car, , the soles of your shoes.. I.e. complex shapes that require dimensions in X, Y and Z axes whereas the Extruded only needs the X and Y axes.
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learn more about different plastic materials
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There is a book called "Barbie,Four Decades of Fashion, Fantasy, and Fun" by Marco Tosa which has a bit about the manufacturing process in it, including pictures of molds, painting, hair rooting, etc.  Also "The Story of Barbie" by Kitturah Westenhouser.\nI don't know of any websites which show the process though...
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They both dissociate completely in water, but sulfuric is technically the stronger acid.  I think that that's what they use for metal etching as a matter of fact, but I could be wrong.  Anyway, metal would be more adversely affected by sulfuric, as would flesh (although they both hurt pretty freaking bad).  I'm sure it's the same with plastic.  A better way to dissolve plastic, though, is organic solvents such as THF.
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I assume you mean "fiber reinforced plastics" (FRP) rather than fiberglass insulation batting.  There are a variety of processes for FRP manufacturing, but your basic ingredients are a resin and the reinforcing fibers.  Most of the resins (plastic) used are thermoset resins that use an catalyst (activator) to cause the resin to set.  In some cases the fibers are laid into or wound on a mold prior to application of the resin/catalyst.  Other processes use a "gun" to chop the fibers and apply them to the mold at the same time as the resin/catalyst.
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Plaster mold casting may work.\n\n"In plaster mold casting, a plaster, usually gypsum or calcium sulfate, is mixed with talc, sand, asbestos, and sodium silicate and water to form a slurry. This slurry is sprayed on the polished surfaces of the pattern halves (usually brass). The slurry sets in less than 15 minutes to form the mold. The mold halves are extracted carefully from the pattern, and then dried in an oven.\n\n"The mold halves are carefully assembled, along with the cores. The molten metal is poured in the molds. After the metals cools down, the plaster is broken and the cores washed out."\n\nI don't know what finished product you plan to make. You say you want to duplicate a glass bottle, but does that mean you want to do it in glass, or will you do it in plastic or some other material? I don't know if this process would stand the temperature of molten glass. In that case you would be better off with what is called "refractory mold material." Both the plaster and the refractory material should be available from a Dental Laboratory supplier.\n\n"Low temperature melting materials such as aluminum, copper, magnesium and zinc can be cast using this process. This process is used to make quick prototype parts as well as limited production parts. "
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The type of plastic selected has a great influence on the performance of the plated plastic part. ABS plastics are the base materials in most cases.\n\nCheck out the following:
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Plastic is a polymer, meaning it is a chain of small similar units all connected in a single molecule.  Usually it is made by taking a solution that consists of the building block units (called monomers) and including whatever chemicals will make the monomers bonds together.  The mixture is put into a mold and heated, and the resultant polymer has huge, inter-tangled chain molecules that become rigid and hard.  The mold is removed, and voila.
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Well, you'd have to specify what you are trying to dissolve.  Many plastics are soluble in several solvents... N-Methylpyrrolidone being a good one.  Solvents generally do not attack metals, unless they contain water.  I would steer away from an acid or a base.  Can you say what you're thinking of?  If so, email me at connecticutpoet37@yahoo.com
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The Columbia Encyclopedia on Yahoo! notes\n\n"The processes of glassmaking have remained essentially the same since ancient times. The materials are fused at high temperatures in seasoned fireclay containers, boiled down, skimmed, and cooled several hundred degrees; then the molten glass (called metal) is ladled or poured into molds and pressed, or is blown (sometimes into molds), or is drawn. The shaped glass is annealed to relieve stresses caused by manipulation, then is slowly cooled. The glass, formerly annealed on shelves in a melting furnace, is now usually carried on rollers through annealing ovens (lehrs).\n\nAlthough today most hollow vessels such as light bulbs or containers are machine blown, fine ornamental hollow ware is still made by gathering a mass of glass at the end of a long, iron blowpipe, blowing it into a pear-shaped bulb, which is rolled on an oiled slab (marver), shaped with tools, and then reblown, often into a mold; the glass is reheated periodically in a small furnace (glory hole). It is finally transferred to an iron rod (punty) attached to the base of the vessel, and the lip is shaped and smoothed. Methods of decoration include cutting, copper-wheel engraving, etching with hydrofluoric acid, enameling, gilding, and painting."\n\nYou can gain more information here.\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass\n\nAs well as here \n\nhttp://www.cmog.org/
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How are Rubber Bands made :\n\na) Mixing & Compounding\n\nThe rubber is mixed with various chemicals in required proportions depending on rubber content. This compounded mixture is then strained to ensure that there are no extraneous materials in compounded material.\n\nb) Extrusion\n\nThe compounded rubber is then put into an extrusion machine. This extrudes the rubber into tubing form using specific die heads to achieve a required diameter and wall thickness. The tubing is then cut into lengths and put onto mandrels of the same size / diameter.\n\nc) Curing\n\nThe tubing now on mandrels is put into an autoclave (oven) to ensure tubing reaches it's set form. The tubing is then blown off the mandrels for passing to the cutting area.\n\nd) Cutting\n\nThe tubing is then fed into rotary cutters to cut into designated cut widths of rubber bands.
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Please check out this web site-it should be very helpful:\n\nhttp://www.maxxis.com/Services/how_a_tire_is_made.asp
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Either injected moulded or turned
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Vinyl chloride is polymerized to make polyvinyl chloride, also called PVC.\n\nPVC can be molded or extruded into just about any shape, including pipe.  It is a rigid plastic itself, but can be made flexible by the addition of plasticizers.  Plasticized PVC is often called simply: vinyl.\n\nPVC is a very durable plastic, although pure PVC can be degraded by UV exposure.  PVC for outdoor use (vinyl siding, vinyl windows) often contains other chemicals that prevent that degradation, either by absorbing the UV light or by preventing the subsequent chemical reaction.
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Looking at your very specific question, I'm assuming you have a reasonable handle on the engineering basics of what happens when you apply a force or load to something. \n\nLet's start by defining 'Strain'. If you take a metal rod, for example, and pull it by applying a large load at a prescribed rate, then the 'Strain', at any given point of time in the rod's elongation, is the ratio of the original length of the rod to the rod's current length. So 'Strain' is simply a measure of how much something has changed from its original shape, 'length' in this case. This is also called 'Engineering Strain'. \n\nWhen you keep pulling the rod, at a certain load it starts to yield at a point along its length where it forms a 'neck' before failure (assuming a 'ductile' or reasonably soft material). If you measure the cross-sectional area at the neck you can see that it reduces as the rod elongates. The 'Engineering Stress' is the ratio of the applied Load to the ORIGINAL cross-sectional area of the rod.\n\nThe point at which the metal rod starts 'yielding' is considered to be beyond its 'elastic' limit - its capability to 'recover' or get back to the original length. The strain beyond this 'yield' point is called 'Plastic Strain'.\n\nIn contrast with 'Engineering Strain', 'True Strain' is the natural log of the ratio of the original cross-sectional area to the current cross-sectional area at the neck. Correspondingly, the 'True Stress' is the ratio of the Load to the current cross-sectional Area. \n\n'Effective Plastic Strain' or 'EPS' is simply the Total True strain minus the Recoverable strain. So, it is the Residual True Strains after unloading elastically, or, in other words, its the unrecoverable portion of the true strain beyond the yield limit. \n\nUsually EPS is just called Plastic Strain, but when you are dealing with True Strains input in specific engineering applications or 'solver' software they like to define it as 'Effective' Plastic Strain. In that case, where you are defining a stress vs. effective plastic strain curve, the first (plastic) strain value would be zero and the first stress value would be the initial yield stress.\n\nSee below link for more details.
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Send a message to Y answer user "intelligence is sexy"- She is a manager in an injection molding plant, and knows all about this process, and is very helpful. (and gorgeous too, but that's beside the point)
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<grin>\nThe wonderful thing about standards is that there so many to choose from.</grin>\n\nAre you thinking plastic or metal/glass?\nWhat country are you thinking of?\n\nDid not find anything specific but did find some leads you may want to follow up.\n\n"The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", Second Edition, Brody & Marsh, 1997. \n"The Handbook of Packaging Engineering", Third Edition, Hanlon, 1997.