most viruses contain the enzyme ? which is used to produce m-RNA?
476060
viruses don't contain any enzymes.  They may encode transcriptase, but they don't contain it.
322298
the dna in your cells has large bands of useless areas called introns (intervening codons) within large bands of useful areas called exons (expressed codons).  if you transcribe these to make RNA, the resultant product is called hnRNA (heterogeneous nuclear RNA).  hnRNA won't be useful because it has the useless introns imbedded within it.  to make it usefull, our cells splice out the introns leaving only the exons in the final mRNA.\n\nso if we want to create, say, a baceterial plasmid that can produce insulin or some other protein, we couldn't just take our genes and put it in the bacteria because bacteria don't splice out the introns.  the way to do it then is to transcribe our genome, splice the hnRNA, then with the resultant mRNA, reverse-transcribe it back to DNA.\n\nthis DNA that we made won't have the introns from before in it.  now this length of DNA can be used to make proteins without the need for splicing.\n\nThe next step is to put this DNA in a plasmid that can be used.  This plasmid may have all kinds of genes on it, such as resistances, binding sites, cutting sites, etc.\n\nWhen you combine all these different sequences together, the end product is called recombinant DNA because it came from more than one source.
803356
As you know, mRNA has copied the protein-making instructions from the DNA. Well, tRNA brings the required amino acids to build the primary structure of the protein, as is stated by the instructions on the mRNA.
8687
mRNA  \nCapped messenger RNA is produced directly from your plasmid that contains a T7 or SP6 promoter. It is purified by our proprietary PUREmessenger™ technology. PUREmessenger™ is a chromatography that not only eliminates traces of DNA and proteins but also allows the selective recovery of the mRNA of the correct size. Shorter abortive transcripts as well as longer contaminating mRNA that are produced during in vitro transcription are eliminated. Capped mRNA will be purified by PUREmessenger™, quantified, re-suspended at 1mg/ml (except if otherwise specified) and aliquoted at 50 µl/aliquot (except if otherwise specified) in sterile conditions. It will be sent to you on cooling blocks together with its documentation: formaldehyde/agarose gel documentation picture. The capped mRNA that is sent to you ready-to-use (dissolved in water or the buffer of your choice) is 100% of your mRNA molecule of interest.\n\nCapped mRNA is produced in clean room facilities for research or clinical applications.\nYour benefit\nHighly purified, efficiently capped mRNA that has a superior efficacy compared to standard mRNA produced with in vitro transcription kits and simply purified by precipitation thus contaminated with alternative transcripts and traces of proteins and DNA fragments. The high quality of mRNA is reproduced from batch to batch. This guarantees the consistency of your results. Capped mRNA can be produced for research or for clinical utilisation: "documented" to be used as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient or GMP-certified.
335007
This is mostly true, but try it without RNAse, the yield is not that different.  It's for degrading residual RNAse I guess.  I think without RNAse the RNA and DNA bind together (not directly, but through huge protein/nucleic acid complexes), so the RNAse helps break this complex and release DNA.  Hope this makes sense.  It depends on the prufication procedure too, some just purify nucleic acid and rely on RNAse to get rid of RNA.  Some are specific for DNA. (ie qiagen).
190920
Viroids are plant pathogens that consist of a short stretch (a few hundred bases) of highly complementary circular single-stranded RNA without the protein coat that is typical for viruses. In comparison, the genome of the smallest known viruses capable of causing an infection by themselves, the single-stranded circular DNA of circoviruses, is around 2 kilobases in size.\n\nNotably, the RNA of viroids does not code for any known protein; some even lack the AUG initiation codon. The replication mechanism involves interaction with RNA polymerase II, an enzyme normally associated with sysnthesis of messenger RNA, and "rolling circle" synthesis of new RNA. Some viroids have "ribozyme", or RNA enzyme properties which allow self-cleavage and ligation of unit-size genomes from larger replication intermediates. It has been proposed that viroids are "escaped introns".\n\nViroids are usually transmitted by seed or pollen. Infected plants can show distorted growth. The first viroid to be identified was the Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). Some 33 species have been identified.
592029
rna is copy of the dna used in transcription (i think) then it's translated back into dna somewhere else in the cell
430980
the first one is RNA. You can tell by the U at the end of the sequence
265414
It is an enzyme that make possible to transcribe DNA from RNA.\nThanks
472828
Viruses lack many of the "antibiotic targets" that bacterial cells have, such as cell membrane components, ribosome subunits, and DNA polymerases.  Since viruses are basically nucleic acids surrounded by a protein coat, there is nothing unique enough for an antibiotic to target that a host cell wouldn't also have.
872254
(m)\n\ntRNA - short-chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA)
874631
Eukaryotic DNA (from the giraffe) contains introns and exons.  The introns transcribed into the premature RNA, but are spliced out by enzymes in the giraffe resulting in mature RNA that codes for the enzyme.\n\nBacteria don't do this, their genes do not contain introns.  So if you clone a gene directly from a giraffe's DNA into ap lasmid and then into a bacteria you're going to get an RNA with all sorts of extra junk being translated into a non-functioning protein.\n\nTHe way we get around this is through the use of cDNA.  cDNA is generated from mature RNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.  Reverse transcriptase comes from retroviruses and turns RNA into dsDNA (called cDNA).  cDNA is the same as the original gene except that it lacks the introns, so it can be cloned into a bacteria and with luck express a functional protein.\n\nThere is also an issue of post-translational modifications that the bacteria may not do, or may do that it shouldn't.  But for the nature of the question, the answer is the original construct contained introns and the use of reverse transcriptase to generate cDNA from giraffe RNA would solve the problem.
299525
DNA viruses often require the host cells' machinery in order to replicate their genomes.  Most cells in your body have stopped dividing and no longer make the proteins required to replicate DNA.  Therefore, the viruses have evolved mechanisms to reactivate the genes encoding for these proteins.  Unfortunately, this can also lead to reactivation of DNA replication of the host cell, uncontrolled cell division, and ultimately cancer.  RNA viruses, on the other hand, need to make their own proteins to replicate their genomes since the host cells often do not possess the machinery to replicate RNA.  Therefore, RNA viruses do not need to activate pathways in the host cell that may cause cancer.
376744
Different viruses target different cells. This can be due to specific antigens (markers) on the cells or receptors.  Also Viruses known as retroviruses contain RNA inside them and RNA reverse trancriptase than when inserted into a cell can integrate into the cells own DNA. Thus, using the viruses as a factory to produce more viruses or other effects in the neighboring cells.
821772
There are a number of ways to kill some viruses in eukaryotic cells but usually there are other smarter viruses not affected in the same mechanism.  I will only give a couple of interesting examples.  The first is based on the cellular RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism.  Double strand RNA viruses are processed by an RNase III enzyme into ~20 base pair (bp) long short RNA.  These can bind to mRNA of the virus and lead to their degradation via the RNAi process with Ago2 and the so called RNA induced silencing complex (RISC) mediated pathway.  Some viruses are smart enough to produce a small inhibitor molecule that binds the 20 bp small RNA and thus inhibit the RNAi process.\n\nThere are other processes that target long double stranded RNA - most like from viruses because the cell does not make this type of RNA duplexes.  The recognition of the long dsRNA activate the interferon pathway and lead to apoptosis of the cell and hopefully killing the viruses with it.  However, again there are viruses that produce molecules that inhibit apoptosis and thus will survive long enough to replicate themselves before the cells eventually die.
827921
threonine\n\nthere should be a table in your textbook with mRNA codons and corresponding AA's.
419100
You're going to have to be more specific.\n\nThere's mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA if you're answering questions from a biology textbook and are too lazy to learn the answer yourself.\n\nmRNA = messenger RNA\ntRNA = transcriptional RNA\nrRNA = ribosomal RNA\n\nThere's also miRNA and siRNA, which are genetic regulator molecules and could thus be considered not "true" RNA, but they're clearly labeled RNA.