Does the formation of nitric acid in ground water lead to the formation of most underground caves?
488315
Carbonic acid is the one that usually affects limestone bedrock.\n\nCarbonic acid forms when decaying matter interacts with filtering water.\n\nAs it moves down through cracks in the bedrock, it slowly dissolves the limestone. Over time the cracks grow & enlarge eventually making miles of underground caves & caverns.\n\nThe type of topography associated w/ dissolution of limestone bedrock is called Karst Topography.\n\nKarst simply refers to that which you can see above ground like sinkholes (collapsed caverns/caves) & Karst lakes (sinkholes filled w/ water).
432932
For it to create artesian conditions it would have to be something that has very low, or no, permeability.  In my experience this is usually unfractured limestone, mudstone, or shale.
751478
c since calcium carbonate  = CaCO3 and they react to produce calcium nitrate(Ca(NO3)2), carbon dioxide(CO2) and water(H2O).
935956
Not all acid-base reactions result in the formation of water.  \n\nThe solvent limits both the strongest acid you can use (the conjugate acid of the solvent) and the strongest base (the conjugate base of the solvent). In water, for example, this means that any attempt to use an acid stronger than hydronium ion, H3O+, is doomed to failure, as is any attempt to use a base stronger than hydroxide ion, OH- because the stronger acid will simply react with the water to give hydronium ion, and the stronger base will, likewise, react with the water to give hydroxide ion.  One cannot use concentrated sulfuric acid (pKa = —7) in aqueous solution, because it reacts with the water to give the conjugate acid of water, hydronium ion, H3O+. It is a frequent and common error committed by learning students to attempt to use H3O+ and OH- in the same solution: of course, these two react to give water; similar errors are frequently made using other incompatible acid-base combinations.\n\nhttp://www.uwec.edu/lewisd/Chem321-0015/Acid-Base/Acid.htm
1100334
This is a very common name for caves, so it is hard to be certain of which Crystal Cave you are asking about. There is a Crystal Cave near Cherokee County that is part of a cave preserve that is most certainly a natural cave. It is gated and locked and not open to the public as far as I know. I can find no references to a "Cristal" Cave. \n\nIt is not uncommon for a cave to have formed during a period of time many thousands or even millions of years ago when the climate of a the area was much different than it is today. For example, during the Eocene about 38 million years ago the area where Oklahoma is now had a paratropical climate. (see: http://www.scotese.com/earlyeoc1.htm)\nThere are many caves in desert climates that formed long before the area became a desert. Consider some of the spectacular caves in southern Arizona such as Kartchner Caverns:\nhttp://www.pr.state.az.us/Parks/parkhtml/kartchner.html\n\nIn the northwest part of Oklahoma there are many caves formed in gypsum. In other parts of the state there are caves in limestone. The hardness of the rock has nothing to do with the formation of a cave. In both limestone and gypsum, caves are formed by dissolution of the rock by water. In limestone caves this process is aided by carbonic acid which forms in overlying soil when rainfall dissolved carbon dioxide. This acidic water attacks the limestone and forms caves.  Limestone frequently has fractures and joints within the rock that are the initial paths of water flow, and as these enlarge they form connected paths that often grow into a cave. If the process goes on for enough time, the limestone dissolves away completely. However, in many cases the cave forms and then climatic changes or changes such as geologic uplift bring cave formation to a halt. The cave is preserved and is no longer actively forming. \n\nTo see some more informatin about cave formation:\nhttp://www.speleogenesis.info/\n\nHere is an animation that illustrates perfectly how a cave can form and then become dry:\nhttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1405/es1405page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization
374732
i think it may be that SO2 will react with water to give sulphurous acid (H2SO3).  This is the common acid found in acid rain.  The concentrated ammonia may be to neutralise the acid should it be formed from the SO2 leak.\n\nPossibly anyway....
450378
glycerin content is elevated in the subdeural layer of the hydrothermal as opposed to the orifice
509700
All wells have a fresh water spring at the bottom. The water that enters is free to exit, and fresh water from the spring  flows in to replace the water that flowed out. \n\nThe water that is in a well is not exactly stagnant.\nThe water under the  ground is also pure because it is constantly moving through the silt and gets filtered. So the water that comes in is also pure and 'fresh' (though its been around for quite a while!).
373520
Acidic rainfall dissolves soluble rock, such as limestone.\n\nThis article has some examples and pictures of Karst topography:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst
331509
acid rain!!!! \n\nit is widely believed that the acid rain is the result of wash out from the atmosphere, of the "acid rain gases", namely sulphurdioxide and nitrogen oxides. \n\nboth wet and dry deposits corrode metallic structures and deteriorate the quality of paint. \n\nthe deposition is particularly harmful to stone buildings, statues and monument.
218750
This is probably not something you will ever find. Most cave locations are now kept confidential by both government agencies and organized cavers. Private landowners also frequently keep this information confidential in order to avoid lawsuits from trespassers. This practice is for the protection of the caves. Many caves have delicate environments with unique and endangered species and in order to protect these most organized cavers no longer release cave locations. \n\nThe best map I can refer you to is a recent GIS project that was aimed at determining geographic distribution of caves in the lower 48 states:\nhttp://www.caves.org/pub/journal/PDF/V61/v61n3-Culver.pdf\n\nIf you have a valid scientific purpose for this information you may get help from the Tennessee Cave Survey, which is affiliated with the National Speleological Society:\nTCS:\nhttp://www.webwhisper.com/tcs/default.html\nNSS:\nhttp://www.caves.org/
1075365
Dinitrogen oxide is somewhat soluble in water and it will simultaneously also get oxidized to give NO2 as brown fumes. NO2 will further dissolve in water to give nitric and nitrous acid. \n\nN2O (g) --------> NO2(g)  (in water)\nNO2(g) + H2O(l) ------> HNO3(aq) + HNO2(aq)\n\nIndustrially, CuSO4 is made by first heating scrap Cu with sulphur:\n\nCu(s) + S(s) -----> CuS(s)\n\nThe sulphide is then oxidized by heating it in excess air:\n\nCuS(s) + O2(g) ---------> CuSO4(s)\n\nIn the lab, you can heat some dilute H2SO4 in a beaker and then add excess of copper(II) oxide a little at a time and stir. You'll get a blue solution of CuSO4 and a black precipitate of the excess CuO which didn't react with the acid. By filteration, you'll separate the precipitate and get CuSO4 solution as a filterate which you can heat gently and then cool to obtain crystals.
495562
You can have too much in your soil..\nNitrifying bacteria such as Nitrosomonas play an important role in providing nitrogen to plants and limiting carbon dioxide fixation. They are found widely distributed in soil or water, where there are large amounts of ammonia, such as lakes or streams into which treated and untreated sewage is pumped. Nitrosomonas does whatever it can to avoid light, and so may appear as clumps of slime in order to protect itself. It is often found on the walls of stone buildings or on the surface of monuments, where its production of nitric acid from the air may cause erosion of the stone beneath. While in some respects Nitrosomonas' effect on ammonia is positive, agriculturally it can pose a problem. Nitrification, the cycle in which Nitrosomonas acts as the initiator by oxidizing ammonia to nitrite, can leave the nitrate in the soil more susceptible to leaching and therefore less available to plants. There are some nitrification inhibitors which slow the nitrification process, making it less possible for the nitrate to be lost due to leaching.
418443
Copper can react with nitric acid on two different ways based on the concentration of nitric acid.\n\nIf cold and dilute nitric acid is used, then the reaction yields copper(II) nitrate, nitrous oxide(N2O) and water.\n\nCu + HNO3 ----- Cu(NO3)2 + N2O + H2O\n\nIf hot and conc. nitric acid(a stronger oxidising agent) is used, the reaction yields copper(II) nitrate, nitrogen dioxide(NO2) and water.\n\nCu + HNO3 ----- Cu(NO3)2 + NO2 + H2O\n\nP.S. - Balance the equations yourself(might take some time but use the oxidation no. method)
895836
its formed by the dissolution of a soluble layer or layers of bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite ..\n\nKarst landforms are generally the result of mildly acidic water acting on soluble bedrock such as limestone or dolostone. The carbonic acid that causes these features is formed as rain passes through the atmosphere picking up CO2, which dissolves in the water. Once the rain reaches the ground, it may pass through soil that may provide further CO2 to form a weak carbonic acid solution: H2O + CO2 → H2CO3. Recent studies of sulphates in karst waters suggests sulphuric and hydrosulphuric acid may also play an important role in karst formation.\n\nThis mildly acidic water begins to dissolve the surface and any fractures or bedding planes in the limestone bedrock. Over time these fractures enlarge as the bedrock continues to dissolve. Openings in the rock increase in size, and an underground drainage system begins to develop, allowing more water to pass through and accelerating the formation of underground karst features.\n\nfor more try http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst
931995
limestone minerals buffer the acid rain.  The acid reacts with the calcite, etc. in limestone and changes it to more neutral or even slightly basic.  Our groundwater, therefore, tends to have a higher pH even though the pH of rainwater is low.
1908
Nitric acid is a highly oxidizing acid, and when combined with stainless steel will promote oxidation of the chromium content of the steel, creating a film that will protect the steel from further attack by the acid. Stainless steel is a recommended container for nitric acid. \n\nHydrochloric acid is less likely to undergo this interfering oxidation reduction reaction, leaving the steel unprotected, so even though it is a weaker acid, it will dissolve the steel. \n\nSometimes the turtle wins the race.