Is it possible to infect a bactrium with HIV virus through lysogenic conversion such as in C.dyphtheria?
489439
The short answer is that it is virtually impossible.\n\nThe example you are citing is quite an unusual case in which Corynebacterium diphtheriae produces diphtheria  toxin only when it is infected by a particular phage β, and this is because the toxin-encoding gene is carried by the phage (bacteria targetted virus) and not Corynebacterium diphtheriae itself.\n\nThe phage gains entry to a cell in the same way as any virus - by adhering to, and using to it's advantage particular surface proteins.  This is why HIV can only infect helper T-cells - it gets in by adhering to the CD4 receptor which is specific to these cells.  If any other cell in the body expressed this receptor, they too would be vulnerable to HIV infection.  But they don't.\n\nSo HIV can only infect cells expressing CD4.  So why is it only VIRTUALLY impossible, and not COMPLETELY impossible?  Well, because HIV is a retrovirus, so relies on the Reverse Transcriptase enzyme to replicate it's genome.  The replication is so poor, that mutation occurs on a MASSIVE scale.  A person infected with HIV will typically have 10,000 strains of the same virus!!  As it mutates so quickly, it is argueably just a matter of time before it randomly acquires the ability to infect a bacterium which will after all be more likely to be present in the body of an individual who is immunocompromised with HIV in the first place.\n\nNote:\nThe answer above stating that the HIV virus has an RNA-based genome is true, but completely irrelevant.  Most virusus use RNA rather than DNA, and this has no bearing on their capacity for lysogenic conversion.
713315
It is theoretically possible, although unlikely. If the organism (protozoa) can live exposed to the air for very long it is possible. It would most likely have to be immediate transfer; within a few seconds.
174360
There is no evidence that HIV can be spread through the following: kissing; SHARING FOOD UTENSILS, towels or bedding; swimming in pools; using toilet seats; using telephones; or having mosquito or other insect bites. \nhttp://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/8776/24762/195726.html?d=dmtHealthAZ\n\nAND:\n\nYou cannot contract AIDS from: beds \nbreathing \nchewing pencils \nclothing \ncombs or hairbrushes \ncoughing or sneezing \ndrinking fountains \ndoor knobs \ngiving or donating blood \ngum \nhot tubs  hugging \nkissing \nnail files \nshaking hands \n***sharing food or drinks*** \nsilverware \nsitting in the same classroom \nswimming pools \ntears \ntelephones \ntoilet seats \ntouching \ntowels \nhttp://www.caps.ucsf.edu/capsweb/curricula/aidslec.html
612485
No. I'm not sure where you're making the connection with that, but you get intestinal parasites from eating infected foods. You get HIV by coming into contact with the body fluids of an infected person.
429701
Yes. But only for blood born viruses such as HIV/Aids, and Hepatitus. Not for others such as Chlamydia, etc
37517
not unless I had HIV too
367908
I'm not sure about the ingestion of semen as a way to get infected with the virus, however, I find it highly unlikely as HIV is such a fragile virus. I don't believe that the virus could withstand the attack from the gastric juices in the stomach. \n\nHowever, letting you partner ejaculate in you mouth is not a good idea as you may have cuts or scrapes that you don't know about. This is probably the most likely way that you would get the virus from oral sex. Always take precautions when you have sex with anyone, whether it's with a long term partner or with a one-night stand. The HIV virus can remained undetected for a long time in the body (up to six months) and this poses a risk because you can come up with false negative test results and engage in risky behavior. I cannot reiterate enough---ALWAYS use protection when having sex. \n\nBe safe!
1073081
Take in account a hospital, one hiv infected person and one not. Ok, now the hiv infected person is spewing blood on the floor and 30 minutes later, the non hiv walks by, slips and crashes, causing lacerations. \n\nHIV cannot live outside of the body. Once the blood reaches cold, the virus will die, but do not even think that it is not possible. \n\nScratches will do nothing, sharing needles will. Having sex will, exchanging body fluids will, the only way is if during the scratching you bled and the HIV person bled into the same wound. If for chance that the person was bitten by the HIV person, a test is Mandatory because the Virus may have spread. \n\nOn the other note, blood is dangerous. Dry, wet, old, whatever, do not touch it without the proper protective items, i.e. latex gloves.\n\nExample of this is (1997, a man is shot in a convienence store. He died. Although HIV was not present the store owner died 2 years later from a different virus that travels in the blood stream)\n\nCool?
895477
yes \nhttp://hiv-glucose-testyourself.com/?OVRAW=hiv%20test%20kit&OVKEY=hiv%20test%20kit&OVMTC=standard
367137
Can I get HIV from oral sex? \nYes, it is possible for either partner to become infected with HIV through performing or receiving oral sex. There have been a few cases of HIV transmission from performing oral sex on a person infected with HIV. While no one knows exactly what the degree of risk is, evidence suggests that the risk is less than that of unprotected anal or vaginal sex. \n\nIf the person performing oral sex has HIV, blood from their mouth may enter the body of the person receiving oral sex through \n\nthe lining of the urethra (the opening at the tip of the penis); \nthe lining of the vagina or cervix; \nthe lining of the anus; or \ndirectly into the body through small cuts or open sores. \nIf the person receiving oral sex has HIV, their blood, semen (cum), pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), or vaginal fluid may contain the virus. Cells lining the mouth of the person performing oral sex may allow HIV to enter their body. \n\nThe risk of HIV transmission increases \n\nif the person performing oral sex has cuts or sores around or in their mouth or throat; \nif the person receiving oral sex ejaculates in the mouth of the person performing oral sex; or \nif the person receiving oral sex has another sexually transmitted disease (STD). \nNot having (abstaining from) sex is the most effective way to avoid HIV. \n\nIf you choose to perform oral sex, and your partner is male, \n\nuse a latex condom on the penis; or \nif you or your partner is allergic to latex, plastic (polyurethane) condoms can be used. \nStudies have shown that latex condoms are very effective, though not perfect, in preventing HIV transmission when used correctly and consistently. If either partner is allergic to latex, plastic (polyurethane) condoms for either the male or female can be used. For more information about latex condoms, see "Male Latex Condoms and Sexually Transmitted Diseases." \n\nIf you choose to have oral sex, and your partner is female, \n\nuse a latex barrier (such as a natural rubber latex sheet, a dental dam or a cut-open condom that makes a square) between your mouth and the vagina. A latex barrier such as a dental dam reduces the risk of blood or vaginal fluids entering your mouth. Plastic food wrap also can be used as a barrier. \nIf you choose to perform oral sex with either a male or female partner and this sex includes oral contact with your partners anus (analingus or rimming), \n\nuse a latex barrier (such as a natural rubber latex sheet, a dental dam or a cut-open condom that makes a square) between your mouth and the anus. Plastic food wrap also can be used as a barrier. \nIf you choose to share sex toys with your partner, such as dildos or vibrators, \n\neach partner should use a new condom on the sex toy; and \nbe sure to clean sex toys between each use. \nIf you would like more information or have personal concerns, call CDC-INFO 24 Hours/Day at 1-800-CDC-INFO (232-4636), 1-888-232-6348 (TTY), in English, en Espaٌol. \n\nBut on the other hand reports say it is very minimal:\nhttp://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn1156
244588
Is there a possibility during a gynecologic surgical procedure? Sure, needle sticks are something concerns most healthcare professionals. If HIV infected material (for example if a patient is bleeding during a vaginal delivery or any gynecologic procedure) is splashed into the mucous membranes of the doctors eye for example, leads to the possibility of infection. This route isn't a major avenue for HIV infection overall, but the possibility exists, and is more than enough reason to wear eye protection and double glove when working around HIV and Hep C patients, no matter what department you are in.\n\nFrom regular pelvic exams, probably not a very high possibility. \n\nIf your question is should you be afraid of your gynecologist, I would say definitely NO. Most doctors are very cautious.\n\nMaybe you should check out the Centers for Disease Control website for better information:\n\nhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/pdf/bbp/Exp_to_Blood.pdf
195642
I would assume not.  If you cannot catch it from the following ways, I would guess a cigarette is not much different:\n\nThere is no evidence that HIV can be spread through the following: kissing; SHARING FOOD UTENSILS, towels or bedding; swimming in pools; using toilet seats; using telephones; or having mosquito or other insect bites.   http://www.intelihealth.com/ih/ihtih/wsi...\n\nAND:\n\nYou cannot contract AIDS from: beds, breathing, chewing pencils, clothing, combs or hairbrushes, coughing or sneezing, drinking fountains, door knobs, gum, hot tubs, hugging, kissing, nail files, shaking hands, sharing food or drinks, silverware, sitting in the same classroom, swimming pools, tears, telephones, toilet seats, touching \ntowels \nhttp://www.caps.ucsf.edu/capsweb/curricu...
1146385
Well strictly speaking HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) can't live at all anywhere for the simple reason that viruses aren't living.  But I get your point :)\n\nYou don't need to worry about getting HIV from cutting yourself on anything that's not contaminated with fresh blood or other fluids from an HIV-positive patient.  The virus can only "live" outside the body for a very short time (a few hours), and only in fresh bodily fluids (I believe it actually needs living human cells to survive).\n\nHowever, any cut can become infected, and with deep cuts, particularly puncture wounds, there's always a risk of tetanus, especially if the cut was from something in a damp area.  Be sure to clean the cut thoroughly, treat it with first-aid antiseptics (ex. neosporin), and cover it with a bandage.  Also, be sure your tetanus shots are up to date.  Watch carefully for signs of infection, especially if the cut was obtained in an unclean area, and see a doctor if the wound becomes inflamed (turns red, maybe starts oozing puss, that kind of thing), or seems otherwise remarkable.
938416
It dont kill a virus. a virus is a non living thing that could survive without food and in a bad temperature (hot and coold). bcz the HIV is a disease that takes much time to infect the cells, is harder to detect it in a early time, it can be detected only 6  months after you got the virus, so to your question, a donatted blod could have HIV. they apply antibiotics and fungicides to the blood, but how the virus isnt a bacteria and isnt a fungi, they dont work with it.
1023461
Media releases concerning the possibility of mosquitoes transmitting AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) were common when the disease was first recognized, and the subject is still addressed by tabloids that seek captivating headlines to increase their circulation. The topic was initiated by reports from a small community in southern Florida where preliminary evidence suggested that mosquitoes may have been responsible for the higher on average incidence of AIDS in the local population. The media was quick to publicize claims that mosquitoes were involved in AIDS transmission despite findings of scientific surveys of the National Centers for Disease Control (CDC) that clearly demonstrated that mosquito transmission of AIDS in that community appeared highly unlikely. Nevertheless, media releases perpetuated the concept that mosquitoes transmitted AIDS, and many people still feel that mosquitoes may be responsible for transmission of this infection from one individual to another. \n\n     There are three theoretical mechanisms which would allow blood-sucking insects such as mosquitoes to transmit HIV.\n\n1. In the first mechanism, a mosquito would initiate the cycle by feeding on an HIV positive carrier and ingest virus particles with the blood meal. For the virus to be passed on, it would have to survive inside the mosquito, preferably increase in numbers, and then migrate to the mosquito's salivary glands. The infected mosquito would then seek its second blood meal from an uninfected host and transfer the HIV from its salivary glands during the course of the bite. This is the mechanism used by most mosquito-borne parasites, including malaria, yellow fever, dengue, and the encephalitis viruses.\n\n2. In the second mechanism, a mosquito would initiate the cycle by beginning to feed on an HIV carrier and be interrupted after it had successfully drawn blood. Instead of resuming the partial blood meal on its original host, the mosquito would select an AIDS-free person to complete the meal. As it penetrated the skin of the new host, the mosquito would transfer virus particles that were adhering to the mouthparts from the previous meal. This mechanism is not common in mosquito-borne infections, but equine infectious anemia is transmitted to horses by biting flies in this manner.\n\n3. The third theoretical mechanism also involves a mosquito that is interrupted while feeding on an HIV carrier and resumes the partial blood meal on a different individual. In this scenario, however, the AIDS-free host squashes the mosquito as it attempts to feed and smears HIV contaminated blood into the wound. In theory, any of the mosquito-borne viruses could be transmitted in this manner providing the host circulated sufficient virus particles to initiate re-infection by contamination.\n\n     Each of these mechanisms has been investigated with a variety of blood sucking insects and the results clearly show that mosquitoes cannot transmit AIDS. News reports on the findings, however, have been confusing, and media interpretation of the results has not been clear. The average person is still not convinced that mosquitoes are not involved in the transmission of a disease that appears in the blood, is passed from person to person and can be contracted by persons that share hypodermic needles. Here are just some of the reasons why the studies showed that mosquitoes cannot transmit AIDS:\n\n \n\n  Mosquitoes Digest the Virus that Causes AIDS\n\n\n    When a mosquito transmits a disease agent from one person to another, the infectious agent must remain alive inside the mosquito until transfer is completed. If the mosquito digests the parasite, the transmission cycle is terminated and the parasite cannot be passed on to the next host. Successful mosquito-borne parasites have a number of interesting ways to avoid being treated as food. Some are refractory to the digestive enzymes inside the mosquito's stomach; most bore their way out of the stom
149312
Though it's not been scientifcally reseached enough, a person exposed to HIV will usually develop a 2-3 day "conversion flu", symptoms seem similar to nausea, food poisoning or fever.  It's when the viral load can achieve its highest hold in the body before the immune system has a chance to kick in,
545958
Yes. A new approach to fighting the virus by stopping it from infecting cells. The medical professionals call the new drugs entry inhibitors. I call it slowing the immune response. It can be done with peppermint oil lozenges. This could help third world countries. Perhaps the caring medical professionals would like to do a study to prove it can work against HIV.\n Ask any medical professional you know if they would like to help in the study.