who scored fastest fifty in  tests?against  which team?
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I think it was Sir Donald Bradman for Australia against England. It was known as the Bodyline series as English bowlers were aiming for players rather than the stumps.
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West Indies:  \n  207/10   \n in 47.3 overs R/R: 4.36 \n\n New Zealand beat West Indies by 81 runs \n\n New Zealand:  \n 288/9 in 50.0 R/R: 5.76 \n\n Man of the Match: Nathan Astle \n\n\nFOR FULL SCORE BOARD CLICK HERE\n\nhttp://in.sports.yahoo.com/sportz/nzwi1802yh.html
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The article http://www.skeptics.com.au/journal/1993/2_cricket.htm may be of interest to you though it is a bit outdated. When it was written,  ten Australian batsmen had scored eleven 87s between them.
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In tests\n5/82 vs. Australia, Delhi on 13/10/1979\n\nIn ODIs\n5/43 vs. Australia, Trent Bridge, 13/06/1983
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ODI's: Shane Bond - 18.63\nTests: GA Lohmann(Eng) - 10.75
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Top 10 fastest 100s in ODI Cricket history are given below:\n\n1) In 37 Balls by Shahid Afridi of Pakistan against Sri Lanka\nwith the help of 11 sixers and 6 fours at Nairobi on 04.10.1996.\n\n2 In 44 balls by Mr. M.V. Boucher of South Africa against\nZimbawe at Potchefstroom on 20.09.2006 with the help\nof 10 sixers and 8 fours.\n\n3) In 45 Balls by Mr. B.C. Lara of West Indies against\nBangladesh with the help of 4 sixes and 18 fours at\nDhaka on 09/10/1999\n\n4) In 45 Balls with the help of 9 sixers and 10 fours by\nShahid Afridi of Pakistan against India at Kanpur\n15/04/2005\n\n5) In 48 Balls with the help of 11 sixers and 11 fours by\nST Jayasuriya of Sri Lanka against Pakistan at\nSingapore on 02/04/1996\n\n6) In 62 balls with the help of 3 sixers and 10 fours by\nM Azharuddin of India against New Zealand at\nBaroda on 17/12/1988\n\n7) In 64 balls with the help of one sixer and 23 fours by\nST Jayasuriya of Sri Lanka against Netherlands\nat Amstelveen on 04/07/2006\n\n8) In 67 balls with the help of 7 sixers and 6 fours bu\nJM Davison of Canada against West Indies\nat Centurion on 23/02/2003\n\n9) In 67 balls with the help of 5 sixers and 12 fours by\nBasit Ali of Pakistan against West Indies at Sharjah\non 05/11/1993\n\n10) In 67 balls with the help of 4 sixers and 13 fours by\nAC Gilchrist of Australia against Sri Lanka\nat Brisbane on 14/02/2006
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Robin Uthappa's score of 86 beat the highest score by an Indian debutant in an ODI - Brijesh Patel's 82 against England in the 1974 World Cup.\nNo Indian has ever scored a century on debut in an ODI.
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Never out in 90s. His closest century misses are:\n\nGot out on 89 vs. England in 1948 (Lords)\nGot out on 187 vs. England in 1946 (Brisbane)\nGot out on 185 vs. India in 1947 (Brisbane)
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Day 3: Lunch Break  West Indies trail by 449 runs  \n \nWest Indies: 139/5 (54.0 Ovs)  \nDwayne Bravo 14(51) \nDenesh Ramdin* 16(44) \n India: 588/8 decl  \nVikram RV Singh* 6-3-8-0 \nVirender Sehwag 7-3-7-0
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It was Jason Gillespie who hit a double century. He created two records.\n1.First Night Watchman to hit a double century.\n2.To reach a century after most number of tests. (71) previous best was something like 56 tests.
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It´s Jack Hobbs. He played 41 matches (in total Ashes matches only) and 71 innings, with 7 not-outs. He scored 3636 runs with the average of 54.26. He has scored 12 hundreds (100s) with highest of 187.\n\nNote: Don Bradman has the highest aggregate in total Ashes matches with 5028 in 37 matches and 63 innings, and his highest was 334. And the average...... well,.... 89.78.........\n\nRawal.
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There were  8  fifty plus (three hundreds and five fifties) by the 1893 Australians against Oxford and Cambridge Past and Present at Portsmouth. \n\nThe team score of 843 was the world first-class record until Yorkshire amassed 887 three years later.\n\nScorecard here: http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/4/4014.html\n\nFor test matches, do have a look at this thread:\nhttp://community.channel4.com/eve/forums/a/tpc/f/821609267/m/2630026166
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Wow, this really made me rush out and search for the answer. Here it is:\n\nThe first is Saurav Ganguly. 88 matches, 5221 runs. 12 test centuries, never lost the match in which he hit them.\n\nThe second is Gundappa Vishwanath. 91 matches, 6080 runs. 14 test centuries, never lost the match in which he hit them.\n\nKapil Dev comes a close third. 8 centuries, just one test lost against South Africa (1992-1993). Includes a century in the Madras tied test in 1986.
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Wouldn't be surprised if Mahendra Singh Dhoni breaks the record in the forthcoming West Indies tour.\n\nHe almost did it against Sri Lanka ( http://usa.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2005-06/SL_IN_IND/SCORECARDS/SL_IND_ODI3_31OCT2005.html ) but sadly, there weren't enough runs on the board.
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Jacques Rudolph of SA: (21y 355d ) Scored 222*\n1st Test v Bangladesh in 2003 at Chittagong
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pakistan(201/8 in 50 overs)\nsirlanka was battink but the rain started and the match was drawn
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IT IS 99.94 VOW ! GREAT\n\n\nSir Donald George Bradman was unquestionably the greatest batsman of all time. This veritable run machine hada tally of 29 centuries from only 52 Tests, which even in this era of non-stop cricket remains the second-highest number of Test hundreds scored by any player. His highest test score was 334 against England at Leeds in 1930, of which he made 309 in a single day.\n\nHe concluded his Test career in 1948, only four runs short of the 7000 run-mark and a Test batting average of 100 (his final average was 99.94). He was knighted in 1949 and even after his demise in 2001; he remains cricket's best-known and most revered personality.