how do you calculate a pitchers ERA?
482688
(earned runs)*(9)/(innings pitched)
643075
Walks Hits per Inning Pitch. If Johan Santana gives up 5 hits and 2 walks in 8 innings, his WHIP equals:\n\n(5+2)/8=.875
328530
This abbreviation DOES stand for walks and hits per innings pitched.\n\nOne example is Pedro Martinez's WHIP at this point in the season, 1.50. This means he has a combined average of 1.5 walks AND hits per innings pitched.\n\nPedro has 4 hits allowed and has walked 5, which equals 9 total. He has pitched 6 innings, so 6 divided by 9 equals 1.5.\n\nI hope I've helped you!
452413
"Walks and Hits per Innings Pitched.  This means the average number of people the pitcher allows on base through a hit or walk per inning.  It is the best indicator (along with ERA) of how good a pitcher is, not wins.\n\nAnything below 1.000 is awesome.  Anything between 1.000 and 1.500 is very good.  Anything above that starts getting worse the higher you go up.\n\nImagine having a 2.000 WHIP.  This means that you allow at least 2 people on base per inning.  This translates into the possibililty of a lot of runs for the opposing team.
364856
It means infinity.  For example, a pitcher pitches one batter and that batter hit a homerun.  The ERA is calculated by (earn run / inning * 9).  Since the total innings is 0 (he didn't get anyone out), the ERA is INF, infinity.\n\nIt happens quite often.
309878
Depending on the side of the ball you come from... Based on the way things are going?  Payroll  Because you can buy a great team and build a winning tradition.  The team may not win the World Series every year but they will always be in contention.\n\nIf you want real stats from a analitical point on players:\n\nTraditionally, statistics like batting average for batters (the number of hits divided by the number of at bats) and earned run average (approximately the number of runs given up by a pitcher per nine innings) have governed the statistical world of baseball. However, the advent of sabermetrics brought an onslaught of new statistics that better gauge a player's performance and contributions to his team from year to year.\n\nSome sabermetric statistics have entered the mainstream baseball world. Among statistics that do an excellent job of measuring a batter's performance, On-base plus slugging (OPS) is the easiest to calculate. It adds the hitter's on base percentage ([hits + walks + number of times hit by pitches] divided by [number of times at bat + walks + number of times hit by a pitch + number of sacrifice flies]) to his or her slugging percentage (total bases divided by at bats). Some argue that the OPS formula is flawed and that more weight should be shifted towards OBP (on base percentage). Regardless, OPS still stands as the most direct means of evaluating a hitter's performance using readily available statistics.
645057
Well if I am going with an all-time team I would go with 4 starters and a closer.\nSP-Pedro Martines- For all who dont know he has the best adjusted ERA+ of any pitcher ever, and his peak were some of the best seasons any pitcher has ever recorded\n\nSP-Walter Johnson- Ninth on the all-time strikeout list and owner of a 2.17 career ERA. \n\nSP-Randy Johnson-Very few lefties have dominated as much as Johnson has. Him and Walter would also lead to a bunch of funny Johnson and Johnson references\n\nSP-Roger Clemens-Obviously I concentrated on very high strikeout pitchers who could dominate a game and that is what Clemens did\n\nCL-Mariano Rivera-Best closer ever\n\nIf I could have all these guys in there prime pitching in a four man rotation, like they used to back in the day, I could easily win 120 games.
502653
depends, for major league baseball(MLB), it is rare to see an ERA under 3.00(MIN. 10 games played). So anything under 3.00 ERA would be nice. Under 2.00(min.10 games) is almost impossible, and between 0.00-2.00 is not normal. Maybe for a game, but not a season. The league average is 4.5 ERA. In college, a 2.00 ERA is considered good, but to make it to the bigs, under 2 is almost always necessary. \nPS: The stats are given for a starting pitcher. Closers and pinch pitchers/relief pitchers tend to have much lower ERA. \nCloser: 1.50-2.80 ERA\nPinch Pitcher 1.00ERA-2.00 ERA(MAJORS ONLY)
676600
There's a very similar statistic to the one you created, called SECA, or Secondary Average. It measures your total bases gained independent of batting average, and the only major difference in the formula from yours is that it uses AB instead of PA. Here's the formula for it: \n\n(TB - H + BB + SB - CS) / AB\n\nThis is in comparison to yours which is this:\n\n(TB + BB + HBP + SB) / PA\n\nThe purpose of these stats is a little different (Yours is supposed to be an end-all stat, while SECA is a way to look at a player's production as well as their ability to get on base, similar to OPS.) The AB/PA difference is fairly large as well, but this just shows that you're not the only one thinking this way, and we could see another transition away from OPS sometime in the future.
1005827
The losing pitcher is the one who is in the game when the the run scores that puts the winning team ahead for the remainder of the game.\n\nEx.  if a pitcher gives up a run in the first and is removed, and the final score is 15-8, as long as the scre was neve tied, that pitcher is the losing pitcher.  May not be fair but that's the rule.
1059602
Depends on the person's ability to pitch period.  Someone that can pitch, and can hit the strike zone, probably no longer than one off season.  I think it took me about 2 seasons to perfect my ability to get it into the strike zone.  Or atleast make it look like it was going there...  \n\nAlso, keep track of your fingernails.  That is a pretty important tid-bit to keep in mind.
626694
There really are no standardized rules for the pitching machine. They are local adaptations of established rules.\n\nMost would have the ball become dead, batter is awarded first base, and all runners advance one base(although some advance the runners only if forced).
620154
There are many things that can happen in baseball that are counted oddly in the stats. Walks dont count as at bats, neither do sacrifice hits. Fielders choices, reaching on errors or dropped third strikes all count as outs even though you reached base. When a batter is hit by a pitch it also doesnt count as an at bat. So to calculate batting average you would simply divide hits by at bats. To calculate OBP you would divide hits+walks+hbp by at bats+walks+HBP+sacrifice flies\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_base_percentage
1163370
9:23 CT:\n\n 8th inning - HOU 4, CHI 0
1137189
GAME TIMES\n\n\nAll games are limited to 1-1/2 hours (90 minutes). \nNo new inning may begin after 1 hour and 15 minutes (75 minutes) from the official start of the game. If the home team is trailing by 5 runs or less, any inning started must be completed. If the visiting team is trailing at 1 hour and 30 minutes, the last two innings will not be played. \nAll games are limited to five (5) innings (exception is tied games). \nA 6th inning is allowed in a tied game if time permits, as noted above. A 7th inning is NOT ALLOWED. \nThe visiting team Pitching Machine Umpire is the official time keeper. \nThe visiting team Pitching Machine Umpire will note official start time to scorekeeper who will record start time in scorebook. \nNote: Late starting games must end no later than 90 minutes from the scheduled start time. \nTHE VISITING TEAM\n\nIs listed first on the schedule \nUses the third base dugout \nTakes infield/outfield for practice twenty (20) minutes prior to game time \nProvides the Pitching Machine Umpire (Head Umpire) for their own FARM GAME to be played. This umpire is the official time keeper and will note the official start time to scorekeeper who will record start time in the scorebook. \nSets up the pitching machine and bases. \nTHE HOME TEAM\n\nIs listed second on the schedule \nUses the first base dugout \nTakes infield/outfield for practice ten (10) minutes prior to game time \nProvides the official scorekeeper \nProvides the volunteer base umpire for their own FARM GAME to be played. \nPuts away the pitching machine and bases. \nTHOSE PERMITTED ON FIELD\n\nOnly players on the official rosters of participating teams (no siblings, parents, friends, scorekeepers). \nOnly one manager and two coaches in the dugout and in the coaching boxes per team. \nUmpires wearing official DLL umpire attire. \nManagers and coaches must remain in the dugout or coaching box until time is called and permission is granted by the Pitching Machine Umpire to leave the dugout or coaching box. \nOnce time is granted, a manager or coach may visit the pitcher;s mound and confer with any player. \nTwo adult base coaches are permitted (managers are encouraged to use at least one player coach on the offense). Team player base coaches must wear protective helmets. Coaches physically assisting a base runner while time is in will result in the base runner being called out. \nNote: umpires have the authority to approve photographers to be on the field. \nUMPIRES\n\nIf team-provided umpires are not available (Home and Visiting teams) to umpire their own scheduled FARM game, the team Manager or Coach will umpire the game. \nThe Pitching Machine Umpire is stationed behind the pitching machine, protects players from the pitching machine and makes calls in the outfield, at 3rd base and home plate. \nAfter a player does not swing at five (5) consecutive pitches, the Pitching Machine Umpire shall call balls as strikes to encourage players to swing at the pitched balls. \nUmpires are not to coach while on the field umpiring. \nThe base umpire makes calls at 1st and 2nd base and keeps track of runnerÕs positions at the conclusion of each play. \nPLAYING TIME\n\nEqual playing time for ALL FARM players is a priority. National Little League Rules dictate that every player will participate in each game defensively for a minimum of six consecutive outs and bat at least one (1) time each game (rule Ivi). Exception: DLL modified rules require every player participate defensively for a minimum of half of total team innings played at which they were present during the entire season. For example, if a team plays five defensive innings, all players will have the opportunity to participate in two innings each, however some players will have opportunity to participate in one additional inning. The manager is responsible to adjust playing time in the next game(s) to rectify this inequity. \nAll players must start at least every other game at which they were present dur
1181149
MIchael R was correct. Starters have higher ERAs since they pitch more innings and are left in to try to battle it out if they are hurt early in the game.  Correction, today an era under 4.0 is good.  Under 3.0 is at least a star. Most star pitchers have ERAs in the low 3s. In the last 20 years the ERA crown has been won by pitchers with an ERA above 2.50 all too often. A starter with an ERA under 3 is doing extremely well. An ERA under 2.50 is a dominating pitcher and almost always the staff ace. Anybody with an ERA under 2.50 is pretty much a Cy Young cantidate. Get the ERA under 2.00 and they are almost a lock for the Cy Young and ERA crown. Few pitchers have done it for a full season in the last 30 years. Since 75 only 9 pitchers have led their league with an ERA below 2.00. Only two  (Pedro Martinez and Greg Maddox) of those pitchers have done it twice.  Guidry, Gooden, Clemens, Ryan and Kevin Brown were the others. \n\nMiddle relief pitchers ERA can be rather distorted. Mop up pitchers who can keep thier ERA down under 5.00 are doing good. Core middle relief pitchers want to keep thier ERA below 3.00 and often can get a season or two in with ERAs below 1.00 sometimes. Depends on how they are used.  A good closer rarely has an ERA above 3.50. Many go whole careers without getting above 4.00 in ERA.  Then you have the Lee Smith method of accumulating saves. Actually Scott McGregor invented the roller coaster method Lee Smith used. Come in during a non save situation? Easy load the bases or even let a run or two come in THEN finally get the guys out. Closers who have frequent seasons above 4.00 are not effective closers. An exceptional closer will have a career ERA below 2.50. Mariano Rivera for example has a career eara of 2.32 at this moment. His worst seasonal ERA was 2.85 as a closer or set up man. Hoffman's career ERA is 2.71 and has had ERA's over 3.00 only twice as a closer. Hoffman spent a couple seasons in middle relief at the start of his career or it would be real close to 2.50.
597583
it's the # of bases per at bat.... add up the # of total bases (1 for single, 2 for double, 3 for triple, 4 for homerun) and divide by the number of at bats