DC display peptides on the MHC on the extracellular side of their membrane. How do I identify the peptide?
479427
Dye-labeled antigens for specific variants of MHC?
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"C" proteins is the correct answer.
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D is a specific response.\n\nSpecificity refers to a specific defense that is activated by a specific antigen and the immune response targets that particular antigen and no others.\n\nNonspecific defenses are the same, regardless of the type of invading agent.  They include physical barriers, phagocytic cells, immunological surveillance, interferons, complement proteins, inflammation, and fever.
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It means they have the Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 4 antigen on their surface. They are a white cell line, the ones that protect your body from infection. The CD4 receptor is involved in HIV infection.
1171155
towards the outside. glycoproteins generally play roles in recognition and signalling.
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Nuclear membrane is formed by a series of  flattened cistenae aligned sideways with gaps called nuclear pores. There are pore complexes guarding the nuclear pores.The flattened cisternae are smooth- surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. It is a typical biological membrane of lipo-protein.\nPlasma membrane is glyco-lipoprotein complex.The overcoat of the plasma membrane is made by the Golgi Complex. It is a complex of carbohydrate side chains along with proteins.The overcoat lies over the bilayer of lipid through with proteins lie across: some  projected,  others buried in the bilayer of lipid. Plasma membrane contains several enzymes and channels connected with transport of ions and small molecular weight substances.
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Abstract. \n...membranes, microvilli, and membrane projections, and act as crosslinkers between the actin cytoskeleton and proteins of the cell surface...\nhttp://147.52.72.117/IJO/2002/volume21/number5/935-940.pdf \n\n \nforthcoming meetings\nAim: to learn techniques commonly used to analyse signal transduction ... and cell adhesion (cytoskeleton, cell adhesion proteins, extracellular\nhttp://www.usgeb.ch/skmb2005.html \n\n \nBTO\n...and function of proteins, methods of ... Cytoskeleton and cell motility. ... Describe and use structure determination techniques to analyse\nhttp://www.bto.ed.ac.uk/courses/year1/index0506.phtml \n\n \nRandall Division o f Cell and Molecular Biophysics\n...actin cytoskeleton during migration. I use a number of different advanced imaging techniques to analyse ... analysis of interacting proteins by\nhttp://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/biomedical/randall/mparsons.html \n\n \nGlossaire (ULg)\nAnkyrins. A family of membrane-associated proteins responsible for the attachment of the cytoskeleton. Note: membrane proteins \nhttp://www.ebm.lib.ulg.ac.be/prostate/gloss.htm \n\n \nThe role of the axolemma in the initiation of traumatically induced...\n...proteins. Transmembrane proteins such ... matrix to the cytoskeleton via the ... Biophysical investigations have used novel techniques to\nhttp://www.jnnp.com/cgi/content/full/64/3/285 \n\n \nThe tiniest parts of \n...are as dispart as the techniques and ... natural science, is to analyse the ... energy or information, signal transducers, cytoskeleton...\nhttp://www.uni-leipzig.de/~philos/psarros/preprints/the_tiniest_parts_of.html \n\n \nGenome Biology | Full text | Analysis and functional classification\n...as well as the development of new techniques for ... genes encoding cytoskeleton proteins (such as myosin, actin, UNC-87, troponin T) and\nhttp://genomebiology.com/2003/4/4/R26 \n\n \nStudy Abroad 2004 INTRODUCTION 2 Deakin University's unique Study \nUnit Handbook GUIDE TO UNIT DESCRIPTIONS ACD206/306 Dance Production and Analysis Second semester, 1 credit point Prerequisite ACD203 or Level One \nhttp://www.deakin.edu.au/international/Documents/Brochures/SAHandbook.pdf \n\n \nAdrian Harwood\n...genetic, biochemical and cell biological techniques to analyse the ... has both a cytoskeleton and a network ... SH2 domain proteins,\nhttp://www.ucl.ac.uk/LMCB/pages/harwood.html
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www.austin.cc.tx.us/kotrla/immunohe.htm\nwww.irvingcrowley.com/cls/immuno.htm\nwww.lww.com/product/?0-397-55469-9
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Right, Posotive and negative selection occurs in the thymus.\n\nImmature T cells move from the Bone Marrow to the tymus where they are posotivly and negativly selected and this is the basis of Tolerance.  T cells that bind Too Weakly to the MHC antigen complex are killed by apoptosis.  T cells that bind too strongly are also killed by apoptosis.  Those that lie between are selected.  \n\nThis is important as T cell binding too weakly cant raise immune awarness and cells that vbind too strongly cause autoimmune diseases.\n\nLook up T cell anergy which is things like blocking of the receptor deletion of the T cell etc.  Try the book immunobilogy By c Janeway or "the immune system" by Peter Parham both published by garland science.  \n\nok this is a very basic overview as its a long subject and needs to be read rather than asked on this.\n\ngood luck
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damn! i should know this...i'm a science chem/bio student\n\ngimme some time...they are basic and acidic in nature. so in solution, there's the [H] ions for reaction in/around cells
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http://ca.expasy.org/tools/\nhttp://www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/bsm/biocomp/
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the main part of specific immune system is Tcell and Bcell...it's hard to explain in details but i try to sum up,when the antigen enters the bode Tcell works a APC and receives antigene parts by MHC on it,MHC stimulate the Tcell to produce IL and INF and these stimulate Bcells to produce specific antibodies against Ag...some of these antibodies destroy the Ag by stimulating the complements and other parts of immune system and some Bcells convert to memory cells for the next time
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An epitope is the part of a macromolecule that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or cytotoxic T cells. Although usually epitopes are thought to be derived from nonself proteins, sequences derived from the host that can be recognized are also classified as epitopes.\n\nMost epitopes can be thought of as three-dimensional surface features of an antigen molecule; these features fit precisely and thus bind to antibodies. The part of an antibody that recognizes the epitope is called a paratope. Exceptions are linear epitopes, which are determined by the amino acid sequence (the primary structure) rather than by the tertiary structure of a protein.\n\nEpitopes can be mapped using protein microarrays, and with the ELISPOT or ELISA techniques.\n\nGenetic sequences coding for epitopes that are recognised by common antibodies can be fused to genes, thus aiding further molecular characterization of the gene product. Common epitopes used for this purpose are c-myc, HA, FLAG, V5.\n\nInterestingly, epitopes are sometimes cross-reactive. This property is exploited by the immune system in regulation by Anti-idiotypic antibodies (originally proposed by Nobel laureate Niels Kaj Jerne). If an antibody binds to an antigen's epitope, the paratope could become the epitope for another antibody that will then bind to it. If this second antibody is of IgM class, its binding can upregulate the immune response; if the second antibody is of IgG class, its binding can downregulate the immune response.\n\nIntensive research is currently taking place to design reliable tools that will predict epitopes on proteins.
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I'd agree that it is unlikely to cross the BBB due to the number of charged group. It is a peptide that contains several amino acids with adequate pKa values to be charged at physiological pH.\n\nIt doesn't need to enter cells to have an effect. Its primary mechanism of action is to prevent Na+ ions entering through voltage-gated Na+ channels. Particularly those in neurons. It sits over the pore of the channel which is, of course, extracellular. It needs only to be distributed in the plasma and interstitial space.\n\nInterestingly, many of the VGSCs in the dorsal root ganglia are TTX-resistant.
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The plasmacytoid T cell or plasmacytoid monocyte--a sessile lymphoid cell with unique immunophenotype and unknown function, still awaiting lineage affiliation.\n\nClusters of cells with a plasmacytoid appearance have been identified in T zones of human lymphoid tissue. These cells were shown to express the CD4 antigen in the absence of B-cell antigens. Thus, they were named "plasmacytoid T cells" (PTCs). Recent studies, however, have suggested a myelomonocytic origin of this cell type, which led to the designation "plasmacytoid monocytes." In order to obtain a comprehensive immunophenotype of this cell, we used frozen serial sections of lymph nodes, an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, and a broad panel of well-defined monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). On PTCs, the antigenic density was high for CD4 and CD26 antigens and low for CD2; they furthermore reacted with the mAb OKM5 recognizing an undefined antigen associated with the myelomonocytic lineage and expressed the monocyte-associated antigen CD68. PTCs expressed HLA-A, B, C, HLA-DR, and the HLA-D associated invariant chain (Ii) while HLA-DP antigens were expressed only in low amounts and HLA-DQ antigens were lacking entirely. PTCs further expressed the adhesion molecule CD11c. The absence of detectable transferrin receptor and the proliferation antigen defined by Ki-67 indicated that PTCs were nonproliferating. Other well-defined antigens confined to the T-, B-, and myelomonocyte lineages could not be detected in the target cell population. For us, antigenic equipment is still suggestive of a sessile, terminally differentiated T cell likely to exert a secretory function as yet unknown.
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You attach the small molecule (called haptenic determinant) to a macromolecule (called the carrier). For example you can raise antibodies against the dinitrophenyl group (DNP) by attaching it to bovine serum albumin (BSA), then you raise antibodies against this molecule like for any other and then select/isolate the desired anti-DNP by affinity chromatography with a resin that has DNP groups attached to it.\n\nIf you do a literature search you might find detailed protocols and maybe alternative carriers
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lysogenic, it is not lytic because it doesn't make the cell rupture or explode, it actually attaches to the cd4 receptor site on a cell