how did the New Economic Policy that Lenin instituted in 1917-1928 come to an end?
476805
It was actually Stalin's personal decision to end it. People were getting too rich, and they did not care very much about Socialist Principals any more. Neither Stalin nor the Communist Party were interested to lose control over Russia, hence it was decided to cancel the NEP toward the end of the 1920th decade. Cancellation of NEP was the first step of Stalin Power consolidation, Purges and Hunger were to follow.
526092
"By making economic success an end rather than a means to other ends, governments and people have lost sight of the fact that economic growth was supposed to have a higher purpose – stability, increased standards of living, increased social cohesion for all, without exclusion". this is the myth of Capitalism, it generates wealth but the trickle down effect is minimal, enough to prevent revolution. globalisation is capitalism on a world wide scale and once again those who have dominant control are the majority share holders. Multi nationals have major shares and ownership in national resources in different countries. like a plague they strip it of its value with little benefits to the its hosts. Marx was right in predicting the value of human labour as the new commodity.
875493
Open the China to the World. Open it up. The Communist Era and The Socialist Era were over.
492153
russian privatization sucked,  their economy is centered on oil, and government is back to dictatorship. China is doing much better, carefully chosing investors for privatization, and expanding manufacturing sector. Chinese economy is more capitalist than russia's by now.
523272
Russia entered WWI against Germany and Germany snuck Lenin back into Russia after he had been exiled.  This allowed Lenin to start the Bolshevik revolution.  Is that what you wanted?
422327
There are lots of reasons.  The infrastructure of the USSR was falling apart.  The cold war ate up all their resources.  They also had to implement some capitalistism in their economy so it wouldn't totally collapse, therefore not totally socialist.  The people were also terrified and pissed about being sent to Gulag.  Consult a history book for more.
973886
The Democrat Party has been taken over by the Left Wing.\nTheir goal is a socialist/communist nation.
315709
Marx wasnt a conservative, communism is extreme liberalism\n\n\nand yes it is
1096194
SInce around 1917 or so.
286121
The Russian state was destabilised by World War 1 and the Tsar was overthrown by a popular revolution in spring 1917. There was a brief attempt at a provisional government led by liberals, but during 1917 Lenin was smuggled back into Russia from exile in Europe and his Bolshevik party eventually headed the October revolution and established the Soviet Union in the civil war of 1917-1922, eliminating the "Whites" (the old aristocratic government), the anarchists and the rival socialists.
152778
moved from large centrally planned economies to self-determined market-oriented ones. Basically they became capitalist.\n\nSmith moved to London in 1776, where he published "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations," which examined in detail the consequences of economic freedom. It covered such concepts as the role of self-interest, the division of labor, the function of markets, and the international implications of a laissez-faire economy. "Wealth of Nations" established economics as an autonomous subject and launched the economic doctrine of free enterprise.
1073402
I think disintegration of the USSR as a communist dictatorship can be considered as an achievement itself.\n\nI think Gorbachev did a great service to his country by bringing it back from Orwellian "1984" world back to reality. One can argue what better economic policy could be applied to start moving from centralized economy to the market economy, but Gorbachev role in political reforms and restoring "human values" (общечеловеческих ценностей) is hard to overestimate.\n\nMy personal opinion is that Gorbachev did not really know that it was the beginning of the end when he started his actions in 1985, he honestly believed in a "socialism with human face". And many people (including myself) would simply laugh, if somebody told them in early 1985 that in slightly more than 6 years their country would cease to exist and the communist party will be outlawed (although briefly).
370505
Many countrys used to use protectionist policys to tax imports of stuff which undercut there own important industries. Other countrys respondid with simmilar measures, eventualy ensuring very little was traded between the main Empires of the day.
442658
Churchill and Stalin divided Europe before the end of the war, according to rumours they signed out the new spheres of influence on a yellow envelope, during some conference.\n\nThe issue of Poland as it appeared on the yellow envelope was 50-50. So not a real resolution at that time. I think in Yalta they came to a conclusion that it would be part of the soviet sphere of interest. \n\nSorry I cannot be more accurate, this is what i remember from my classes at university. Find the yellow envelope story.
1131071
The original change from feudalism was done thru revolution. The same goes for Russia. The change to quasi-capitalism is made thru choice and a realizaton that pure socialism does not work. It is a wonderful consept on paper but due to human nature it does not work.
168558
The Chinese economy has adopted a policy of laissez faire capitalism that they call market reforms in order to convince their citizens they are still a communist country. These market reform have led for instance to the cheap labor you refered to and are signifcant because they have led to the state being even less involved in the Chinese economy than in the US. The reason they are still viewed as communist is their curtailment of free speech and free press. The econmic growth you are referring to however is mostly enjoyed by the people who were wealthy to begin with and have now gotten even wealthier while the poor have become even poorer. So the short answer is the government no longer has a significant role in the economy of China.
427141
No not anymore after commy rule it ended.