what is the criteria for positive TB skin tests?
476697
you get a large bump on the skin at the site of injection. it should be checked by a doctor or nurse in 2-3 days. sometimes people get false positives if they ever had a vaccine for it, especially in othr countries
702982
false positive result
378724
It depends on which state you live in.  Some states still call for the old 6 month window period.  Many other states use the 3 month window period. It depends on how good their testing technology is, how much funding that state receives for HIV testing, etc.  \n\nIn New York, tests usually will pick up an HIV positive within a month of infection, and we can be sure you are either positive or negative at 3 months from your last exposure.
761118
a. by the proccess of titration.  few drops of universal indicator are poured onto the base. acid is poured  slowly with the help of the burette. when the base is decolourised this indicates that it has been neutralised.\n\nb. vinegar\nc. all of the above\nd. 7
311249
Staphylococcus aureus is positive (clearing in the green agar) and Staphylococcus epidermidis is negative for the DNAse test.\n\nThose are the only one's I know about.
1086826
Very simple.  It is an itchy rash that can occur usually on the arms and legs but sometimes in other areas also.  Your dermatologist takes a little sample and puts a chemical on the sample and looks under the microscope.  If the sample glows yellow then the test is positive and you have the disease.  The good news is it is completely treatable with several medicines including dapsone.  You will get better and stop all the scratching!  Good luck!!!
336160
WOW... so many wrong answers... There is a vaccine to TB, it was used in most 3rd world countries until very recently, it's called BCG.  It was stopped recently primarly due to the quality of some of the vaccinations as well as the variety of medications to safely and effectively treat TB. \n If you received the BCG vaccination you would have an approximately 1cm indention on your upper arm where the injection was administered.  \nYour PPD test or TB test that they inject into your arm will always come back positive, b/c your body will have antibodies to TB (which is what a PPD test is checking for)\nIf your TB test comes back postive, you must follow up with a chest x-ray showing that you have no active infection with TB.
703394
4 positive tests seems like a good indicator to me. Congratulations!
1031419
In order to prevent TB infection, it is necessary to know the cause of spreading this disease.\n(1) Increase in HIV infection.There is a rising number of people in the developed world who contract tuberculosis because they have compromised immune systems, typically as a result of immunosupressive drugs or HIV/AIDS. These people are at particular risk of tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis disease. One third of deaths of those who are HIV-positive are TB related. Those with HIV are 100 times more likely to develop TB than other members of the population. Other people who are at risk from the disease include those with diabetes, the malnourished, alcoholics, and IV drug users\n \n(2) Increase in number of homeless individuals (poor environment and poor nutrition). Most of those infected (90%) have asymptomatic latent TB infection (LTBI). There is a 10% lifetime chance that LTBI will progress to TB disease which, if left untreated, will kill more than 50% of its victims. TB is one of the top four infectious killing diseases in the world: TB kills 1.7 million, and malaria kills 2-3 million.\n\n(3) The appearance of drug-resistant strains of TB. Multiple drug resistant strains of TB (MDR-TB) and Extreme Drug-Resistance in Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are emerging. The World Health Organization declared TB a global health emergency in 1993, and the Stop TB Partnership proposed a Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis which aims to save an additional 14 million lives between 2006 and 2015. The development of drug resistant strains now affect up to 50 million people. These strains can be created by bad medical practice such as over-prescribing antibiotics or patients not taking the drugs long enough to get rid of the disease. Instead this encourages the bacteria to become tougher. Treating patients with drug resistant TB is beyond the pocket of many developing countries. The cost of treatment can rise from $2000 per patient with non-resistant TB to $250,000 for multi-drug resistant TB. The multi drug resistant strains are often fatal and have mortality rates that are comparable with those which existed before the development of antibiotics. \n\n(4) Immigration. Some experts also blame lax public health procedures at immigration control for the rise in TB in developed countries. Visitors arriving from less developed countries where TB is more prevalent may get little medical attention even if they admit to having the disease. Among black Africans in Britain TB rose by over 100% between the end of the 1980s and early 1990s. \nThus for preventing TB, co-ordinated effort of skilled professionals, financial support of national governments and of the world community at large are desirable.\nPlease see the webpages for more details on Tuberculosis.
657723
You should be having regular sputum cultures, the acid fast bacilli that cause TB can be very difficult to treat so regular follow ups to your physician is a must
414761
Yes.  Just ask the volunteer group you are working with to get you a list of what you should get.  Usually its stuff like Hep A, Tetanus, Flu, and Pneumonia.  They will also want to do a TB test.
928909
The four prong test is not used anymore. A positive test will develop a welp around the site and usually become red. A small bump and slight red appearance is to be expected. The redness, because you have aggrevated the skin, and the bump because they are actually injecting a very minimal amount of inactive TB under the skin. When you have been exposed to TB your body produces specialized "T CELLS" to try to fight it off. If, after having the skin test, the site becomes hard and raised, it is because your body detects the TB bacterium and is sending these specialized cells to the site.
756492
Two Rapid Test Kits Algorithm:-\n\n The initial test used for HIV screening should have the highest possible sensitivity and an internal procedural control to indicate the test has been performed correctly. With a sensitive screening test, the predictive value of a negative test result is high, and specimens non-reactive on the screening test are considered HIV-antibody negative. However, because the predictive value of a positive test varies with the prevalence of HIV infection in the population tested, the positive predictive value of a test will be low in populations with low prevalence. Thus, all reactive screening tests require confirmation. Many developed countries continue to use the Western blot to confirm reactive POC rapid tests. The alternative confirmatory strategy currently advocated by WHO requires three assays based on different principles or antigens. In practice, it can be difficult to ascertain which specific antigens are present in a given test. The WHO and Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS developed guidelines for in-country evaluations for the selection of rapid HIV tests for use in combination algorithms. The overall accuracy of the testing algorithm depends on the characteristics of the specific tests, the order in which the tests are used, and on the rules for resolving discordant results. The second and third tests in the algorithm should be selected on the basis of high specificity. The number of initial discordant results from the first two tests should not exceed 5%. If it does, quality assurance procedures should be checked, or a new test combination should be adopted. However, confirmatory algorithms based on combinations of screening tests can be difficult to validate. Many published studies of confirmatory strategies use a combination of two sensitive EIAs as the standard for comparison. Evaluations that compare results to the Western blot often exclude indeterminate specimens. This approach can overestimate the specificity of individual tests.
945419
It is a one time vaccine which allows your body to help create antibodies to TB.  So it will only stick around for a period of time, but the fact that your body recognized it as foreign and produced the antibodies it will need if an exposure should occur.
1106038
No, swimming should not cause a false positive.  But it is still possible to have a positive mantoux and not have TB...If you have had a positive mantoux, you will most likely be getting a chest x-ray next and that should definitively tell you your status.
300932
Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) takes six to nine months and sometimes longer. Like all medications, your tuberculosis tablets can cause side effects and you should speak to your doctor if these occur. Your doctor will monitor your progress during treatment to make sure the medication is working. This will usually involve blood, sputum or urine tests and chest x-rays.
143394
Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.  It can attack any part of the body.  Though it usually affects the lungs.  It can also affect the renal, musculoskeletal or lymphatic systems.  Anyone can get TB, though people with compromised immune systems and elderly persons are at greater risk.  People with diabetes or cancer are also at greater risk.  TB is transmitted from person to person through inhalation of droplets from a sneezre or cough.  You can also become exposed through prolonged, close exposure to an infected person.  Signs and symptoms of TB include a persistant cough, fever, weight loss, fatigue and night sweats.  Some individuals have no symptoms.  There are medications to treat TB. There is currently NO VACCINE for TB.  A skin test (Mantoux test) can show if TB bacteria is present.  The incubation period for TB is 4 to 12 weeks.