Is it appropriate to use transgenesis in crop plants?
482717
No. \n\nMany risks for humans can not be noticed in a short time. Studies lasting 5-10 years are more than funny when we think that natural genetic diversity was formed during millions of years and humans developed in a given environment. Even compounds, which have nothing to do with so deep change as genetics, prove having impact only starting from third generation. \n\nThe world is a complex thing. It is impossible that one change would not cause another change. HUmans are too limited to forecast risks; besides far not always most clever heads take political decisions. Present knowledge permit to make a world without hunger not employing trasgenetic plants, but simply other intetests guide. \n\n3. Changes will be irreversible. And humans can not recreate newly normal lost environment. Not only genetics. Even simpliest mead, in fact. So spead of transgenetic crops is very irresponsible thing.\n\nInteresting, is it true thing in this article:\nhttp://www.wintersteel.com/Mutation.html
565076
you could make antibiotic/antiviral resistant strains of viruses or bacterea. change the genetics of plants to create more of a certain toxin so you can get a greater yield of toxin per plant. The most efficient way to distribute the toxin would be through the water supply. many places either do not check their water or do not check it well enough.
834840
There is an interesting and informative essay on biotechnology in wikipedia. The web address is listed below.\n\nHere is an excerpt that may be just what you are looking for:\n\n"Green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to agricultural processes. An example is the designing of transgenic plants to grow under specific environmental conditions or in the presence (or absence) of certain agricultural chemicals. One hope is that green biotechnology might produce more environmentally friendly solutions than traditional industrial agriculture. An example of this is the engineering of a plant to express a pesticide, thereby eliminating the need for external application of pesticides. An example of this would be Bt corn. Whether or not green biotechnology products such as this are ultimately more environmentally friendly is a topic of considerable debate."\n\nThe "green revolution" is driven by a greater perceived need for foods and for ecological balance  - and that is certainly a fascinating and long-term field of study.\n\nGood luck to you, in your studies, your music, and your sports.
393057
i dont think you'll be able to access this without logging in to my school, so i'll paste it below in case. try publications at your school as well, pubmed is always good, as ia google.\n\nTransgenics\nThe production of transgenic mice is a gain-of-function approach to manipulation of the mouse genome (Clarke, 2002; Nagy et al., 2003; Hedrich, 2004). Transgenic mice can be designed for numerous purposes including: (1) identification and characterization of specific regulatory sequences; (2) ubiquitous or tissue-specific overexpression of a transgene; and (3) cell lineage ablation achieved by coupling a tissue-specific promoter to a sequence encoding a toxin which kills cells that express it. Transgenic mice are typically generated by microinjection of the transgene construct into the male pronucleus of fertilized oocytes, which are then reimplanted into the oviducts of foster females. Expression of the transgene is dependent on its site of integration, with individual insertion sites typically containing multiple copies of the transgene. It is important to keep in mind that transgene copy number and expression levels of the transgene do not necessarily correlate. When chromosomal integration occurs in the fertilized oocyte, the developing animal will be fully transgenic, since all nucleated cells in the animal will contain the transgene; however, if integration occurs later, at a postzygotic stage, the animal will be a mosaic, with some cells containing the transgene and others lacking it. Founders are identified through analysis of tail biopsies, and copy number and transgene integrity are then evaluated. To establish a transgenic line, a founder is bred to mice of a defined genetic background and offspring are characterized for expression of the transgene. Generally at least two founders should be maintained for experiments. Due to the nature of random integration, no two transgenic lines will be identical. Details on the identification and analysis of founders and the establishment of transgenic lines can be found in UNIT 23.9.\n\nTransgenics carrying large segments flanking a gene of interest isolated as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) have been used to minimize the abovementioned variation due to the effects of different integration sites (UNIT 23.1). The versatility of this strategy has been significantly increased by the development of homologous recombination–based strategies to mutagenize and manipulate the BAC constructs (UNITS 1.16 & 23.11) and the use of regulated transgenics (e.g., with tetracycline; UNIT 23.12). In the GENSAT project (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gensat; Gong et al., 2003), for example, an atlas of gene expression in the mouse central nervous system is based on large numbers of BAC transgenics in which the protein-coding sequences of genes expressed in the brain are replaced by an EGFP reporter.
475300
You cant really guarantee it, but I am sure it can be argued that it could be a solution. This example that I am gonna give is gonna be really vague, but there could be a way to speed up the growth rate of gen modified food and therefore creating more food to eliminate hunger and starvation. It could also be made to resist certain unfavourable conditions that could make plants resist extreme temperatures. I heard of [i think] strawberry being grown in warmer climates becuase they are gen. modified (Their preffered climate is in colder areas). I cant remember much about it tho.. I got this from my bio teacher.... it could be a possibility.
314794
in my opinion...genetic engineering is like fire...can be useful if it is for the rite reasons...agricultural...etc...but i would draw the line when it comes to humans....imagine if your twin becomes a criminal....or maybe your triplet...etc...it just spells trouble....
327006
You're trying to say you have a synthetic chromosome. I would check all the experiments for contamination, and check the cells for endogenous expression before jumping to that conclusion. There are a lot of hurdles to leap, as mentioned in the other posts.
1184816
Are you asking about chromosome transformations such as rearrangements and translocations?
7747
many plants tend to be healtheir and grow faster and produce more using hydroponic means.\n\nHowever not all plants can be adapted to such means.\n\nSee the sources below for more information.
360479
They are great for some developing countries such as those in Africa, but they have SERIOUS problems as well. Some genetically modified crops are created so they cannot reproduce (the seeds are not viable) This means the poor countries using the seed need to buy it from the company every year instead of being able to save their seed and plant the next season's crop with it like farmers have been doing for many thousands of years.\n\nI would say the group most affected by these crops is the companies like Monsanto which create them and get rich off it. \n\nThere are some cases where plants like rice have been modified to cure diseases by carrying certain vitamens like vitamen A. When people eat the rice, they get the nutrients they need and in this example blindness is prevented in some Asian countries.
23940
Please don't give your plant a vitamin made for a human. The plant is energetically connected to you now. Just from sharing in your space. It would be in your best intrest to take very good care of the plant. It will bring you prosperity.
663708
They have the cells encoded with the formula called Gene to produce the plant.
782368
Environmental pollution with metals and xenobiotics is a global problem, and the development of phytoremediation technologies for the plant-based clean-up of contaminated soils is therefore of significant interest. Phytoremediation technologies are currently available for only a small subset of pollution problems, such as arsenic. Arsenic removal employs naturally selected hyperaccumulator ferns, which accumulate very high concentrations of arsenic specifically in aboveground tissues. Elegant two-gene transgenic approaches have been designed for the development of mercury or arsenic phytoremediation technologies. In a plant that naturally hyperaccumulates zinc in leaves, approximately ten key metal homeostasis genes are expressed at very high levels. This outlines the extent of change in gene activities needed in the engineering of transgenic plants for soil clean-up. Further analysis and discovery of genes for phytoremediation will benefit from the recent development of segregating populations for a genetic analysis of naturally selected metal hyperaccumulation in plants, and from comprehensive ionomics data – multi-element concentration profiles from a large number of Arabidopsis mutants.
386832
RECOMBINANT OR better TRANSGENIC is the answer,  not GMO because definitely not all GMO have recombinant DNA inside! Example: some GMO can have their own DNA altered or deleted and no recombinant DNA inserted
423820
Micropropagation is the practice of rapidly multiplying stock plant material to produce a large number of progeny plants, using modern plant tissue culture methods.\n\nMicropropagation is used to multiply novel plants, such as those that have been genetically modified or bred through conventional plant breeding methods. It is also used to provide a sufficient number of plantlets for planting from a stock plant which does not produce seeds, or does not respond well to vegetative propagation.Micropropagation has a number of advantages over traditional plant propagation techniques:It produces disease-free plants.It produces rooted plantlets ready for growth, rather than seeds or cuttings.It has an extraordinarily high fecundity, producing thousands of propagules in the same time it would take a conventional technique to produce tens or hundreds. \nIt is the only viable method of regenerating genetically modified cells or cells after protoplast fusion. \nIt is a good way of multiplying plants which produce seeds in uneconomical amounts (if at all). \nMicropropagation often produces more robust plants, leading to accelerated growth compared to similar plants produced by conventional methods.
855215
Sure.  You say that the cells are competent.\n\nJust clone your cDNAs into your plasmids, and then perform transformation (chemical or electrical, your choice).\n\nElectrical transformation's more fun, though I have caught a specimen on fire that way.\n\nBacteria aren't picky about which plasmids they intake, just make sure that the plasmid contains a bacterial replication promoter so that the bacteria knows to duplicate it while performing mitosis.\n\nAlso, plasmids in excess of 12kb length have trouble getting into bacteria, so be warned.\n\nHope this helps.
168209
No. In fact not every one of them. The cells which make up the roots of the plants do not because they are not designed for the process of photosynthesis.