Which process gave rise to the first cellular organelles from prokaryotic organisms?
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It is called endosymbiosis. This is the process in which prokaryotes slowly integrated with other prokaryotes (mitochondria or chloroplast) to form eukaryotes
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nucleus, cytoplasm and protoplasm ....
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B) Membrane-bound organelles\nThe procariotic cells are like a water-filled baloon, they are just a cover with water and other things (of course, this is only an example), while eukaryotic cells have compartiments.\nEvery cell has DNA, that's the way information is passed from cell to cell when they reproduce.\nRibosomes are important for producing proteins, every cell has to have them, even if with time they lose them.\nCytoplasm is the 75% of every cell, it's basically water, proteins and other things.
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As other posters have remarked, life is formed from non-living matter all the time. However, I think you are asking how the first life formed. But it's important to understand that the first life wasn't formed by "biological processes" - because there was no biology at that point. The processes were purely chemical.\n\nThe answer to how life formed, though, is: we don't really know, yet. However we do have some good ideas.\n\nOne of the above posters referred to an experiment - it's actually known as the Miller-Urey experiment. Miller discovered that he could generate small amounts of amino acids - which are the basic building blocks of life - by passing an electric current through a mix of gases which represented the composition of the atmosphere billions of years ago. \n\nNow, there's a big gap between these amino acids and the first cell, which is where creationists will try to mislead you by saying that a cell is too complex to have formed on its own. But, of course, no-one is saying  cell did form straight away. There's probably a gap of millions of years between the amino acids and the first cell .This is where the most active research is going on - scientists now think that before DNA formed, life depended on a simpler structure called RNA, so they refer to this period as the RNA world. It's a very interesting area of research.\n\nThe other way creationists try to mislead you is by dishonestly claiming that scientists believe in "spontaneous generation", which was disproved hundreds of years ago. In fact, one has nothing to do with the other - spontaneous generation was the idea that fully-grown creatures like mice spontaneously formed from piles of grain. Of course this idea isn't accepted by anyone today, and is a long way from the detailed ideas about the formation of amino acids and cells that scientists are really working on.
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In 1824, Rene Dutrochet discovered that "the cell is the fundamental element in the structure of living bodies, forming both animals and plants through juxtaposition." However, the first sightings of the internal action of the cell were made by Robert Brown. In Berlin, Johannes Muller created connections between biology and medicine, prompting the connective thinking of his students, such as those of Theodore Schwann. Schwann created the term "cell theory" and declared that plants consisted of cells. This declaration was made after that of Matthias Schlieden's (1804 - 1881) that animals are composed of cells.\n\nLeeuwenhoek was first to describe cells and coined the word more than 100 years before, but he didn't really make the leap to how fundamental the unit was.
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Perhaps the most famous of these experiments is called the Miller-Urey experiment. Using water, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen to simulate primordial earth, and a little electrical coaxing, Miller managed to form 13 of the 21 amino acids organisms use to build proteins, and nucleic acids, mostly in the form of adenine.\n\nThere are some caveats, whether this is actually the composition of the primordial soup has been called into question, and the presence of some molecules, oxygen for example, ceased all biological molecules from forming. We really don't know what the environment was, but the important thing to take away from the experiment is that it's absolutely possible for organic molecules to spring from a random collection of chemicals.\n\nOpponents of evolution like to use the idea of a typewriter factory exploding and forming a dictionary as an allegory for spontaneous creation of a cell. For a fully formed cell to be produced spontaneously certainly is impossible, one of the leading hypothosises is that, as with everything else in evolution, it started in steps, the explosion at the typewriter factory didn't for a dictionary, it formed a word. The first form of life was probably little else than some RNA molecule that managed to replicate, more advanced structures took more time to develop. Interestingly enough, it's now thought that mitochondria were an ancient bacteria that formed a symbiotic relationship with larger cells, a relationship that was so successful, all future life was based on it, this is why they still retain their own genetic information.
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Mitochondria were first observed by Altmann (1894).
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It depends on the cell... in Eukaryotes a nucleus and nuclear membrane (or "Envelope") are present in non-mitosis or meiosis cell stages. In Prokaryotes there isn't a nucleus or nuclear membrane.
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Cell theory history\nIn 1838, the botanist Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, a physiologist discovered that both plant and animal cells had nuclei. From this realization, they surmised that all living things were composed of cells. In 1839, Schwann published 'Microscopic Investigations on the Accordance in the Structure and Growth of Plants and Animals', which contained the first statement of the cell theory.\n\nSchwann and Schleiden's statement of the cell theory was:\n\nCells are the unit of structure, physiology, and organization in living things. \nCells are both a distinct entity and a building block in the construction of organisms. \nCells form by spontaneous generation.
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if ur talking about cells... i think it is organelles...not sure
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prokaryotic cells are the ONLY cells on that list that have no nucleus or organelles....\n\n...someone hasn't been paying very much attention in class....
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Check them out here:\nhttp://www.cellsalive.com/cells/3dcell.htm \n\ncorrectly spelled: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
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The earliest living organisms were single-celled. They were prokaryotes, probably bacteria or archaea. They lived 3.8 billion years ago in the Eoarchean Era, a subdivision of the Archean Era.
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At school I was taught that they repreduce by binary fission. I'm sure though that mitosis does ot occur due to the fact that bacteria does not possess a nucleus, therefore mitosis can't occur. \n\nI'm not sure over prokaryotic fission, but my answer would be D, if I had encountered that question.\n\nUse the following as an ideal answer: http://www.expage.com/binaryfission
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*Digging out my encyclopedia* The first bacteria were observed by Antony van Leeuwenhoek in 1683 using a single-lens microscope of his own design. The name bacterium was introduced much later, by Ehrenberg in 1828, derived from the Greek word βακτηριον meaning "small stick". Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) and Robert Koch (1843-1910) described the role of bacteria as conveyors and causes of disease or pathogens.\n\nOriginally the bacteria were considered microscopic fungi (called Schizomycetes), except for the photosynthetic cyanobacteria, which were considered a group of algae (called Cyanophyta or blue-green algae). It was only with the study of detailed cell structure that it was realized they formed a fundamental group, separate from the other organisms. In 1956 Copeland gave them their own kingdom Mychota, later renamed Monera, Prokaryota, or Bacteria. During the 1960s the concept was refined and bacteria (now including cyanobacteria) were recognized as one of two major divisions of the living world, together with the eukaryotes. Eukaryotes were generally believed to have evolved from bacteria, later from assemblies of bacteria.\nhttp://www.aaaah.org/wiki/en/ba/Bacterium.htm\nBacteria (singular: bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. Most are microscopic and unicellular, with a relatively simple cell structure lacking a cell nucleus, and organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Their cell structure is further described in the article about prokaryotes, because bacteria are prokaryotes, in contrast to organisms with more complex cells, called eukaryotes.\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria
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That all living organisms (known to date) come from one ancestor (somewhat of a pre-cell)
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Prokaryotes (from Old Greek pro- before + karyon nut or kernel, referring to the cell nucleus, + suffix -otos, pl. -otes; also spelled "procaryotes") are organisms without a cell nucleus (= karyon), or indeed any other membrane-bound organelles, in most cases unicellular (in rare cases, multicellular). This set of characteristics is distinct from eukaryotes (also spelled "eucaryotes"), organisms that have cell nuclei and may be variously unicellular or multicellular. The difference between the structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes is so great that it is considered to be the most important distinction among groups of organisms. Most prokaryotes are bacteria, and the two terms are often treated as synonyms. However, Woese has proposed dividing prokaryotes into the Bacteria and Archaea (originally Eubacteria and Archaebacteria) because of the significant genetic differences between the two. This arrangement of Eukaryota, Bacteria, and Archaea is called the three-domain system. This replaces the two-empire system.\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryote\n\n\nA eukaryote (IPA: [juːˌkarɪəʊt]), also spelled eucaryote, is an organism with a complex cell or cells, in which the genetic material is organized into membrane-bound nucleus/nuclei. Eukaryotes comprise animals, plants, and fungi—which are mostly multicellular—as well as various other groups that are collectively classified as protists (many of which are unicellular). In contrast, prokaryotes are organisms, such as bacteria, that lack nuclei and other complex cell structures. Eukaryotes share a common origin, and are often treated formally as a superkingdom, empire, or domain. The name comes from the Greek ευ, meaning good, and κάρυον, meaning nut, in reference to the cell nucleus).\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote\n\nMORE STUFF ON LINKS