what does the phenotype of the transformed colonies tells us in a pBLU experiment?
490917
The phenotype is the physical expression of the genotype. In bacteria transformed with the pBLU plasmid and plated on the growth media containing IPTG and X-Gal will grow as either white colonies or blue colonies. pBLU is a plasmid that contains part of a gene called beta-galactosidase. The portion of the plasmid that contains this gene is called the multiple cloning site (MCS). (If you want to introduce foreign DNA into the plasmid, this is where you would introduce it.) The plasmid also has a gene for antibiotic resistance. The bacteria you use for transform with this plasmid must not already have this type of antibiotic resistance. If the bacteria are transformed with pBLU and plated on media with anibiotics only the bacteria that recieved the plasmid will grow. Those that were not transformed will die. If no DNA was inserted into the MCS of the plasmid then the for producing beta-galactosidase will be intact. This gene is called Lac Z. The transcription of this gene must be induced with a chemical called IPTG. So if the agar plate contained IPTG then the Lac Z gene will be induced and the protein beta-galactosidase will be produced. If this protein is produced it will cleave the chemical X-Gal (which was also on the plate) causing the X-gal to change from clear to blue.This causes the colonies to have a blue phenotype.\nIf the Lac Z gene was interrupted by foreign DNA in the MCS then no beta-galactosidase will be produced and the colonies will grow white.
921345
hey im doing this in class too. the phenotype is black because the the black is dominant. whatever the capital letter is, that is the dominant trait. if the genotypes were: BB or Bb, the phentype is still dominant. The only difference is that BB is a homozygous trait; meaning that homosygous trait is the same trait or identical trait. Bb is heterozygus trait meaning that it is two different traits.
532249
D radiodurans has a megaplasmid that is used to transform the bacterium to work as a bioremediator of heavily polluted sites.  You might want to extract and replicate the megaplasmid and then input in the plasmid whatever sequence you want the bacterium to express.\n\nThere's a few studies on drug resistance transformation as well where plasmids were inserted and genome transformation ensued, read up on Battista's research and Smith et al's papers.\n\nhttp://www.biology.lsu.edu/faculty_listings/fac_pages/jbattista.html\n\nhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2834326&dopt=Abstract
340051
becouse each strain of bacteria have their own specialized DNA sequence
400289
The only artificial chromosome I have heard about was created for yeast cells.  They are eukaryotic (vs. prokaryotic bacteria) thus they have (4?) chromosomes like us.  I don't know exactly how they made it, but I think they just introduced another altered copy of one of their natural chromosomes that they would tolerate.  They also made it so they could put whatever genes of interest into the chromosome for further studies.
30731
He was first to show the presence of transforming agent between two bacteria cells, which was later shown to be DNA.  The famous Griffith experiment involved bacterium Streptococcus pneumonia, which at that time was involved in the leadin cause of death in the Western world. Using a virulent and non virulent strain of the bacteria injected into mice, where the virulent strain killed the mice and the non virulent didn't.  When he mixed heat killed virulent strain with living non virulent strain and injected into the mice, the mice died, as if they were infected with the virulent strain.  Isolation of the Streptococus from the dead mice revealed that they were only virulent cells, indicating that living non virulent cells had been transformed into live ones by a transforming agent from the dead virulent cells.  Many years later it was shown that the tranformant was in fact DNA!!
791362
This organism has a "B" phenotype, and is heterozygous for "B."
413968
http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/130/17/4123?ck=nck
620737
http://diwww.epfl.ch/lami/biovision/ \n\nread this hear
752091
Go read this article from the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research \nhttp://www.wi.mit.edu/news/archives/1996/pk_0828.html
182868
Depends on the cell type labile, stable, non regenerative etc
584734
I gave a lecture on this recently and have had first hand experience with this technology in a lab, so let me give you a brief and easy summary to take with you about this topic about Recombinant DNA Technology:\n\nIn order to clone you need 2 things: Bacterial DNA (the circular form called a "plasmid"), and the DNA you want to clone (be it human, mouse, plant, other species etc)\n\nThen you will need to cut the Bacterial DNA with enzymes called "endonucleases" that work like scissors. (So imagine a circle and I take a pair of scissors and cut the circle at some point in it, b/c I want to insert the foreign DNA (non native DNA) where I had cut.) I will have to do the same with the foreign DNA and have endonucleases cut OUT the particular piece i want cloned. \n\nThen we can put the two pieces together, the cut circular plasmid DNA from the bacteria, and the CUT out piece of foreign DNA. \n\nWhen we put the two pieces together it is called "ligation", and it is done as a reaction in a tube with enzymes inside that "glue" the "sticky ends" of the bacteria DNA to the foreign DNA. \n\nAfter the reaction normally done in a 16 deg. Celsius water bath, we now will have "circular" plasmids with our Foreign DNA inserted into the bacterial DNA (the circle DNA)\n\nThen we would re-insert this DNA back into the bacterial host (that the circle DNA first came out of) in a process called "transformation", this is where the broth from the water bath we just discussed is grown in a growth medium at 37 deg. celsius so that the bacteria can grow and produce MORE of those circle plasmids with our foreign DNA inserted into it. \n\nThen we would "plate" these onto agar plates, and let them grow in incubators at 37 deg. Celsius over night until we get small colonies of bacteria on the plate. \n\nEach "mound" of bacteria (small like white dots on the plate) contains millions of copies of our gene (inserted in the circular plasmid DNA of the bacteria). \n\nNow we can take these small colonies, and harvest them further, by putting them in large Erlenmeyer flasks to be grown in the same "growth broth" over night on a shaker for 37 deg. celsius. \n\nAfter of which we can harvest, and purify that culture so that only the circular plasmids remain (this is a long and convuluted process so we won't go into it in detail here), and from there you can store those in a 4 deg. Celsius fridge and keep it in stock for further research purposes. \n\nHope that helps!
1128643
A model of a cell is a good choice.
1034747
c. transformation, in which a unicellular organism takes in DNA from outside and tries it on for size, is a way to get a new gene which may make the difference between survival or extinction.
292071
What class was this in? What grade level? What text were you using?  I may be able to help you if I know the context in which the question was raised. I have a feeling that I am not getting all the information you had. Please tell me and maybe I can help. I am an old chemist and microbiologist.
981080
your teacher needs to work bettering his/her questions. Or you need to re-phrase the questions so their is more detail.\n\nI was given a similar question on a take home exam, but I think it contained some more information, so I actually learned something.\n\nWith the information given, the one thing you can find out about this plasmid is what gene it posseses that allows its antibiotic resistance.  \n\nYou would do this by plating out the plasmid on agar plates that contain different antibiotics i.e. kanamycin, ampicillin.\n\nYou can pick the colonies that grow, and test for the "glo" gene.  This would verify the presence of the antimicrobial gene from which the colony was picked from.\n\nIn other words, the colony which has the "glo" gene also contains the gene resistant to the antimicrobial agent it was on  grown on.\n\n\nI hope this helps.  Pass on the good Karma!
736223
Subterranean termites are destructive pests in tropical and temperate regions throughout the world. One subterranean termite species, the Formosan subterranean termite (FST), Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is becoming the predominant termite pest species in the southern United States. The desire to develop effective, non-chemical controls for native subterranean termites and the FST has led to the investigation of various microbial biological control agents. In this study, we evaluated the use of conidia and blastospores of the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Pfr) as a biological control for the FST. Termite mortality, disease transmission to termite nestmates, and termite repellency to spore preparations of Pfr were investigated. After 5 minutes of exposure to blastospores of various Pfr strains (2.1 x 108 blastospores/cm2 of filter paper), a mortality rate of 100% of the FST was achieved within 9 days. To measure disease transmission, FST workers were exposed for 5 minutes to conidia of Pfr strain ARSEF 3581 and then incubated with an equal number of FST nestmates that were not directly exposed to the fungus. Transmission of P. fumosoroseus infections to unexposed FST nestmates resulted in 80-100% mortality for all FST after 14 days incubation. In all experiments, the mortality rate of termites exposed to blastospores or conidia of Pfr were significantly higher compared to unexposed control FST populations. Repellency studies suggested that liquid culture-produced blastospores of Pfr are significantly less repellent compared to some conidial preparations of Pfr. These data show that Pfr has potential for use as a biological control agent for the FST. Large numbers of infectious blastospores of Pfr can be easily and inexpensively produced and stabilized for use as sprays or for incorporation into formulations, enhancing the potential of this fungus as a biological termiticide.