Basically, what conisists of the operating cost of the water treamtent plants?
467029
The most important is energy cost no matter which method you use for water treatment. Other costs may include maintenance costs which can be daily maintenance to annual descaling costs (for evaporative treatment) or filter replacement for other methods.
294656
there are variables that you must consider the heater, the insulation factor, the energy efficiency of the heater, climate where heater is etc. then is comes to estimates: say: a tank rates a 5.7 on the energy efficient rating chart and estimated costs of running it per year based on 8.41 cents per kW/H is $410. you need to look at water heater kilowatt rating either 12o/240 kWh then do the math
983451
I would suggest you check out the yellow pages for Houston, TX; Tulsa, OK you will find several manufacturers for heat exchangers, pressure vessels, tanks, heaters and pumps.\n\nAssuming you have sufficient definition of each item in terms of size, capacity, surface area, working pressure, materials of construction you should be able to get estimates of just about any piece of equipment you will need.\n\nI do not wish to discourage you but, if you don't have a process flow diagram with a heat and material balance for the plant you are going to have a very hard time developing a cost estimate using major equipment cost.
479028
ALL ESTIMATES ARE ROUGHLY\nOil\nSpent in USA\n$100-150 billion every year on crude oil\nUsed in USA\n60 billion gallons of petroleum diesel\n120 billion gallons of gasoline\n\nBiodiesel\n\nTo grow the "feedstocks"\n$80,000 per hectare for algal ponds\n3.85 million hectares of algae ponds would be need to replace all petroleum transportation fuels with biodiesel\n$308 Billion just to build the farms\n\nOperating cost\n$12,000 per hectare\n$46.2 billion per year to yield all the oil feedstock necessary for the entire country\n\nI will add more fuel later must go watch TV now\n***EDIT***\nOk I am back, it turn out that makeing ethanol and biodiesel are around the exact same cost.  But I doubt that they will ever be a realistic source of fuel.\n\n I found this and thought you might find it interesting\n""...but producing ethanol or biodiesel from plant biomass is going down the wrong road, because you use more energy to produce these fuels than you get out from the combustion of these products.""\n\nStudies done everywhere show that cost and disposal of the bi-products are going to be a problem, plus energy wise its just not worth it.  They are working on these problems trying to figure something out to make it more feasible.\n\nIn terms of energy output compared with energy input for ethanol production, the study found that: \n\ncorn requires 29 percent more fossil energy than the fuel produced; \nswitch grass requires 45 percent more fossil energy than the fuel produced; and \nwood biomass requires 57 percent more fossil energy than the fuel produced. \n\nIn terms of energy output compared with the energy input for biodiesel production, the study found that: \n\nsoybean plants requires 27 percent more fossil energy than the fuel produced, and \nsunflower plants requires 118 percent more fossil energy than the fuel produced.
586157
Fill your tanks only half full uneless you need to make a long trip.You do not need to stock Bush's & Cheeny's gas on your shelf.This will cost the oil company's $3000,000,000.00 a day and will leave only half the room in the supply tanks To but in new gas.The tankers will be stacked off the coast trying to unload.I remember coffee going to $5.00 a pound in the seventys.People stopped buying and in two weeks the price was down to $1.50 a pound.Lets go Amercians the power is in your purse's and wallets "Let's Roll"
152367
Mostly, it is because desalination plants are extremely expensive to build and maintain. If there was an easier way of removing the salt, however, it would be a very good idea.
572768
Half full\nOn E\ncan't afford to fill it at $3.00 a gal.
371203
1000 watt system with turbine, charger, tower, batteries, inverter......$5000\nYou can make a system cost more or less.\nIf you are on the grid, dont bother.\nMIKE
547583
Water + Electricity = Bad News\n\nSealing electronics and connectors is difficult and expensive.
362433
an power plant will consume more input than it will produce in output.  even fusion power plants will not be 100% efficient due to transmission loss and transfer loss.
993835
How about something dealing with providing potable water or water purification... that's a heck of a subject and there should be tons of information about it on the Internet.  Besides... with the fact that drinkable water is becoming harder to obtain and the costs are going up to provide that commodity, water science will be a real 'Biggie' in the near future.
660449
I have been in the petroleum business for 35 years, I have never heard of and oil and gas plant. Can you provide a definition or a description of what this facility does?\n\nThen was is the basis for optimization? Cost? revenue? product recovery?
1168671
Well, in some cases (like solar cells) the cost can be prohibitive. Retrofitting a house with enough solar energy to participate in a buy-back program can cost $35,000, which would mean (at the current pricing structure) a 20-year ROI. Most folks in the US move every 5-10 years, so you would never realize that "payoff".\nIn other cases, like biodiesel and ethanol, the distilling process can take almost as much energy to produce, overall, as it will harness. Sure, you get portability with the non-fossil liquid fuels, but the energy to make the stuff still has to come from somewhere else, and right now, that means coal, nuke, or oil power primarily (at least in the USA).\nOther disadvantages include unreliability, slow recharge times, limited range, and limited performance when compared to fossil fuels. Even wind power (which is fairly cost-effective) is not terribly reliable, depending on a variable power supply (wind). If generation points were distributed more broadly around the country, there might be more reliable average generation, but a still day still means "no power." \nThere is no doubt that "renewable sources" are a possibility, but the state of the art right now is about at the "finger painting" level.
1048854
As you know, the cost of crude refineries pay is set across the board globally. Which in turn they charge the same price. It is mainly these franchise gas station compnaies that change the price, who are told to change the price as the market flucuates. Which in turn the station across the street wants to stay competitive by adjusting their price accordingly, up or down. It's all about the supply and demand now. The United States uses approx. 84 million barrels a day, when our supply is just 85 million.\nAnyway, here is a good couple vids to watch.
420801
It depends.\nThere is a bottled water company here in Florida that sells the tap water form  small town and it has lost about $150,000 dollars. They stopped producing it.\nIt sounds like all profit but the bottles and actual bottling of it is extremely expensive. You have to sell about a million bottles a day to break even.\nThe bottling requires machinery costing about $250,000, or to job it out to a bottling company costs about $3.00 a bottle, with the cost of the bottle and label and putting them together figured in.
616028
Yes - but inventing a method, and even having a patent, doesn't mean the technique has any economic value.\n\nAll the various ways known to use water as a fuel cost WAY more than the alternatives, such as petroleum, EVEN WITH $70/Brl oil!\n\nSo it's not enough that it's possible, it also has to be economical.\n\nSo far, none are!\n\nYou still have a chance to become rich and famous by doing it!
956051
it depends on the cost of the work being done