For those of you who think you know math/statistics?
469615
1. Go to Google at http://www.google.com/\n\n2. Enter into the search field:\n\nPenalized Maximum Likelihood Estimation in Logistic Regression\n\nor even\n\nFirth algorithm Penalized Maximum Likelihood Estimation in Logistic Regression\n\n3. Wow!\n\nThere are resources such as this from the Oxford journal Biometrika:\n\nhttp://biomet.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/69/1/123\n\nPenalized maximum likelihood estimation in logistic regression and discrimination \nJ. A. ANDERSON and V. BLAIR \n\nDepartment of Statistics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne Manchester\nDepartment of Statistical Unit, Statistical Unit, Christie Hospital Manchester \n\nMaximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of the binary logistic regression model for pr(H|x) is discussed with separate discussion of sampling from (i) the conditional distribution of H given x, (ii) the joint distribution of H and x, and (iii) the conditional distribution of x given H. Difficulties associated with continuous x in the latter sampling scheme are discussed. To avoid these, penalized maximum likelihood estimates are introduced, which give estimates of the logistic parameters and a nonparametric spline estimate of the marginal distribution of x. Extensions to multinomial logistic regression are outlined. \n\nKey Words: Binary logistic regression • Discrimination • Maximum likelihood estimation • Multinomial logistic regression • Nonparametric density estimation • Penalized maximum likelihood estimation • Spline function\n\nThere should be enough there to give you a sense of the answer.
47829
I guess it´s because in statistics you only express to what degree you don´t know the answer. For example, in statistical inference, when you estimate the average height of freshmen at your school by sampling a group of 20 students, you´ll come up with an answer like: a 95% confidence interval that the average height (if ALL students were measured) is within 1.75m and 1.85m. Putting it the other way around, there is a 5% chance that the actual average will be outside of this interval. THAT is the measure of your ignorance (5%).
211283
This link has statistical calculators:\n\nhttp://calculators.stat.ucla.edu/\n\nA webpage that will lead you to more statistic links.\n\nhttp://math.about.com/od/statistics/\n\nI hope this helps.
73353
Statistics can be realied upon to a certain degree, but it really depends on where the stats are coming from, are they coming from a realiable source, or from a friend of a friend of a friend?\nMost statistics are made up from a small survey of people, for example viewers who watched a particular show. The actual number of people that watched the show may be 20,000, but these are only the people who have the equiptment attached to their tv set to show what they watched and when so to get a realistic figure they may count each person as 1,000 to get a more realistic figure. In actual fact everyone else may have been watching something else.
967397
You really think you can make that work?\n\nBut anyway. if you look at this in the eyes a pure statistician, than the more you play, the more you increase the odds that you win... the more squares you play, the more you increase the odds that you win.. as far as the odds of it actually paying off... god only knows
999718
what was the question?\n\n\nDo you want to know terms like mean, average, mode, standard deviation, etc.?
19077
You most likely can.  A spreadsheet program (like Excel) can really perform any mathmatical calculations that you can think of.  You just need to know how to write the formulas.
601657
Let me tell you a story about anecdotal evidence.  I had this friend who always supported his arguments with anecdotal evidence, and one day I took him to task for it, by presenting him with statistical data that completely demolished his hunches.  :^)
377891
I think statistics has a higher chance of being relevant. It's usual to be able to analyze studies in any subject.
282573
Statics?  Statistics?
917786
most statistics follow a pattern, whether it be linear, quadratic, or whatever. Once you have enough data to establish a pattern, you can accurately predict the remainder of the line.\n\nFor instance, you have a line that looks to be half a parabola. Once it starts going back up, you can be pretty certain of where it's going to be.
339964
Mathematical Analysis!
500235
Math skills help develop one's analytical abilities. Some people are gifted in math and it is easy for them. Others have difficulty with math. If you did well in grade school with math, then you will do well in higher education. Statistics should be a math course that you should consider.
725094
and where did you get these statistics?
1025917
i should know this, I did a semester of statistics....\n\n hmmmm.....\n\n I guess I should have went to class more...... I hope I passed the exam.....\n\n good luck....\n\n..
1160938
this is math? sorry, it is bio
1075115
i assume you mean math.\nif so, i do enjoy math.\nYAY