What is the history of maldives?
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HISTORY OF MALDIVES \nThe origin of the first settlers of the Maldives still remains a mystery. The historians date early settlers back to 5th century BC with the Aryan immigrants coming from the neighbouring countries India and Sri Lanka. The Maldivian language is said to be Indo-Aryan with influences from Sinhalese, Tamil, Sanskrit, Persian, Urdhu and Arabic. It is believed that Hinduism existed before Buddhism. The Maldivians were practising Buddhism until AD 1153, when a learned scholar converted the king to Islam. The exact name and origins of this scholar is an ongoing debate. Some are of the opinion that he was a Moroccan traveller named Sheikh. Abul Barakaath Yoosuful Barubaree. Others say that he was from Persia and known as Sheikh Yoosuf Shamsudheenul Thabreyzi. Mr Mohammed Ibrahim Luthufi, an acclaimed contemporary historian and researcher, claims that the name of the person who converted Maldivians to Islam was Sheikh Aburikaab Yoosuf Thabreyzi. \n\nSince the conversion to Islam, the Maldives boasts of a recorded history that is rich and colourful. The system of government was a monarchy with Sultans as sovereigns while Sultanas or queens ruled on rare occasions. Traders from Arabia, India, Sri Lanka and Persia visited the Maldives to exchange goods. Slaves were also brought from Africa. Quite often, sailors were shipwrecked in the treacherous reefs of Maldives. These visitors contributed much to the language and culture of the Maldives. However, the visitors' influence did not change the identity of the country as a secluded haven virtually unknown to the rest of the world.\n\n\n \nGiraavavu decendents claimed to be the indegenous people of the Maldive Islands. \n \nThe abundance of cowry shells, coir rope and ambergris in Maldives attracted Portuguese interest in the country during the 16th century. Consequently the Portuguese launched attacks against Maldives. Their attempts were in vain until a better equipped and organised fleet attacked the capital Malé. In 1558 they seized control of the country, after defeating Ali 6th, the reigning Sultan. Since then, they administered Maldives from Goa in India but had their armed forces and a leader stationed in Maldives. Muhammad Thakurufaanu, from the island of Utheemu in Thiladhunmathi Atoll, waged an effective resistance against the invaders. In 1573 after fierce guerrilla warfare Muhammad Thakurufaanu and his compatriots defeated the Portuguese invaders. Muhammad Thakurufaanu was offered the throne and remains a revered national hero.\n\nThe Portuguese did not allow the Maldivians to relax even after their 1573 debacle. The country had a restless time fighting off the colonial pursuits and had to strengthen its defence by building forts and acquiring more arms. Nevertheless there was a substantial time period before the country was captured by an invading force. Malabari pirates from the nearby south Indian coast finally succeeded in 1752 in seizing the Maldivan throne in the capital, Malé. They abducted the Sultan and took him to their country and placed some soldiers to administer Maldives. Only four months later Maldives regained control under the leadership of Muleege Hassan Maniku or Dhon Bandaarain who belonged to a family from Huraa in Malé Atoll. \n\nThe British colonial ambitions in the Indian Ocean had their effects on Maldives. They recognised the strategic location of Maldives and the prospect of Maldives being under any other colonial power was unacceptable to them. It was in a period of uncertainty, political rivalry and turmoil in the Maldives that the British offered Maldives a treaty, which was to become a watershed in Maldivian history. Some Maldivian politicians also needed British co-operation to suit their ambitions. It was in this atmosphere of instability that the Maldives went into the agreement with British in 1887. The British pledged to protect the Maldives from any foreign aggression while the Maldives in turn agreed not to collabo
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Here you go.\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahathir_bin_Muhammad
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Run (island)\n\nPulau Run is one of the smallest Islands of the Banda Islands which are a part of Indonesia. It is about 3 km long and less than 1 km wide.\n\nIt used to be of enormous economic importance due to the value of the spices nutmeg and mace which are obtained from the nutmeg tree (Myristica fragans), at that time only growing on the Banda Islands. During the history of the spice trade sailors of the British East India Company of the second expedition of James Lancaster, John Davis and John Middleton who stayed in Bantam on Java first reached the Island in 1603 and developed good contacts with the inhabitants. On December 23th 1616, Captain Nathaniel Courthope reached Run to defend it against claims of the Dutch East India Company. A contract with the inhabitants was signed accepting the English king as sovereign of the island. After four years of siege by the Dutch and the murder of Nathaniel Courthope in an ambush in 1620, the English and their local allies departed without a struggle.
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History\n\nBecause of the above definition, there is some controversy regarding what is the world's oldest university between Takshashila, Nalanda and Al-Azhar University depending on the extent of this definition.\n\nStudents at Takshashila University, founded in Taxila (in Pakistan) from around the 7th century BC, were given academic titles after graduating from one of its many courses. Nalanda University, founded in Bihar (in India) from around the 5th century BC, also gave academic titles to its graduates, while also offering post-graduate courses. Al-Azhar University, founded in Cairo (in Egypt) in the 9th century, offered a variety of post-graduate degrees, and is usually regarded as the first full-fledged university.\n\nThe ancient cities of Takshashila, Nalanda, Vikramasila, and Kanchipura in ancient India were greatly reputed centres of learning in the east, with students from all over Asia. In particular, Nalanda was a famous center of Buddhist scholarship, and as such it attracted thousands of Buddhist scholars from China, East Asia, Central Asia and South-East Asia, while also attracting many students from Persia and the Middle East.\n\nThe awarding of academic titles was not a custom of other educational institutions at the time but ancient institutions of higher learning also existed in China (Yuelu Academy), Greece (the Academy), and Persia (Academy of Gundishapur)\n\nThe Academy, founded in 387 BC by the Greek philosopher Plato in the grove of Academos near Athens, taught its students philosophy, mathematics, and gymnastics, and is sometimes considered to resemble a university. Other Greek cities with notable educational institutions include Kos (the home of Hippocrates), which had a medical school, and Rhodes, which had philosophical schools. Another famous classical institution was the Museum and Library of Alexandria.\n\nInstitutions bearing a resemblance to the modern university also existed in Persia and the Islamic world prior to Al-Azhar University, most notably the Academy of Gundishapur.\n\nIn China, there were a number of institutions of higher learning that vaguely resembled universities in the Western sense of the word. In general, these are of considerable antiquity, predating western institutions of higher learning by centuries. In China, it's recorded that the education system had been established during the Yu period (2257 BC - 2208 BC) and the imperial central academy was named Shangyang (Shang means higher and Yang means school) at the time. The higher learning institution - imperial central academy, was called Piyong in Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC - 249 BC), Taixue in Han Dynasty (202 - 220) and Guozijian in Sui dynasty. For example, Nanjing University traces its source back to the imperial central academy at Nanking founded in 258 by the Kingdom of Wu. The early Chinese state depended upon literate, educated officials for operation of the empire, and an imperial examination was established in the Sui Dynasty (581 -618) for evaluating and selecting officials from the general populace.\n\nIn the Carolingian period, a famous academy was created by Charlemagne for the purpose of educating the children of aristocrats to help train the professionals needed to run an empire. It was a foreshadow of the rise of the University in the 11th century.\n\nThe first European medieval university was the University of Magnaura in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey), founded in 849 by the emperor Bardas, followed by the University of Salerno (9th century)University of Bologna (1088) in Bologna, Italy, and the University of Paris (c. 1100) in Paris, France. Many of the medieval universities in Western Europe were born under the aegis of the Catholic Church, usually as cathedral schools or by papal bull as Studia Generali. In the early medieval period, most new universities were founded from pre-existing schools, usually when these schools were deemed to have become primarly sites of higher education. Many h
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New Providence is one of the Bahamas islands (more than 700 islands). This is the one where the capital, Nassau, is situated. The Bahamas are an independent country since 1972, but it is part of the British Commonwealth.
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www.worldhistory.com\nwww.historyofworld.com\nwww.eyewitness.com\nwww.hyperhistory.com
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http://www.nethistory.info/History%20of%20the%20Internet/beginnings.html
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Try this link.\nhttp://www.chennaionline.com/artscene/craftpalace/history/handicrafts.asp
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It was there before it was an island.
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I'm an old timer who got interested in Sri Lank forty years ago. I was fascinated by the Kandy Empire, the legend of Adam's peak, the singing shellfish at Lake Batticaloa, the construction of the ancient tanks among many other things. I read a book that I still find interesting called "Jungle Tide". I forget the author's name but he must have written it during the British occupation as he was English. I am sure there are many other fascinating archaeological and educational opportunities in your country, which, I regret, I never did visit. Still, after 40 years, my interest has been retained by what I read. My very best wishes with your project.
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The history of administation as its root all the way back to the Greek Time..... go to www.wikipedia.com and in the search type administration. u will get the info+history.
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You can try this:\n\nhttp://www.timelines.info/history/continents_and_countries/middle_east_and_asia/middle_east/israel/ancient_israel/
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The earliest historical record is in Ujung Kulon National Park, West Java. An early Hindu archeological relic of a Ganesha statue from the 1st Century AD has been found on the summit of Mount Raksa in Panaitan Island.\n\nBased on archeological dig, there was a kingdom in Tatar Sunda / Sunda Territory (West Java) at second century AD. According to Dr Tony Djubiantono, the head of Bandung Archeology Agency, Jiwa Temple in Batujajar, Karawang, Java was built on the second century AD.\n\nThree rough plinths dating from the beginning of the fourth century are found in Kutai, East Kalimantan, near Mahakam River. The pliths are recorded in the Pallava script of India. The inscription reads: "A gift to the Brahmin priests".\n\nOn the "Batu Tulis" monument (huge black boulder) near Bogor, West Java, around 450 A.D king Purnawarna inscribed his name and made an imprint of his footprints, as well as his elephant's footprints. The accompanying inscription reads, 'Here are the footprints of King Purnawarna, the heroic conqueror of the world'. This inscription is in Sanskrit and is still clear after 1500 years.\n\nUnder the influences of Hinduism and Buddhism, several kingdoms formed on the islands of Sumatra and Java from the 7th to 14th century. The arrival of Arabs trading in spices later brought Islam, which became the dominant religion in many parts of the archipelago after the collapse of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms. When the Portuguese came in early 16th century, they found a multitude of small states, vulnerable to the Portuguese, and later other Europeans wanting to dominate the spice trade. In the 17th century, the Dutch became the most powerful of the Europeans, ousting the Spanish and Portuguese (except for their colony of Portuguese Timor on the island of Timor). Dutch influence started with trading by the Dutch East India Company (VOC), a chartered private enterprise constituting a state in all but name, complete with its own fleet and army, which gradually expanded its influence and grip on political matters. Like the British, the Dutch mainly relied on indirect rule, using traditional native elites as vassals, while imposing their will and extracting major income under supervision by their colonial officials. After VOC was dissolved in 1799 by the Batavian Republic (Napoleon's Dutch satellite state) and the political instability from the Napoleonic Wars including partial British occupation, the East Indies were awarded to the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815. Since then, the East Indies were officially ruled as the major colonies of the Dutch crown.\n\nUnder the 19th-century Cultivation System (Cultuurstelsel), large plantations and forced cultivation were established on Java, finally creating the profit for the Netherlands that the VOC had been unable to produce. In a more liberal period of colonial rule after 1870, the Cultivation System was abolished, and after 1901 the Dutch introduced the Ethical Policy, which included limited political reform and increased investment in the colony.\n\nDuring World War II, with the Netherlands under German occupation, Japan began a five-prong campaign in December 1941 towards Java and the vital fuel supplies of the Dutch East Indies. Though Japan captured Java by March 1942, it initially could not find any national leader willing to collaborate with the Japanese government against the Dutch. Eventually the Japanese commander ordered Sukarno’s release from his prison island, and in July 1942, Sukarno arrived in Jakarta. Sukarno and his colleagues collaborated with the Japanese occupiers. In 1945, with the war drawing to a close, Sukarno was made aware of an opportunity to declare independence. In response to lobbying, Japan agreed to allow Sukarno to establish a committee to plan for independence. Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declared independence on 17 August.\n\nFollowing the defeat of Japan in the World War, the Netherlands' Army, at fi
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ancient India.  its very old, and yes it still exists.\n\nPS.  I want my cape back.
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Here are some sites that may help you:\n\nhttp://www.sheikhmohammed.co.ae/english/history/history_pearl.asp\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_hunting\nhttp://www.divingheritage.com/pearldivingkern.htm
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Hi\n\nIndia's extraordinary history is intimately tied to its geography. A meeting ground between the East and the West, it has always been an invader's paradise, while at the same time its natural isolation and magnetic religions allowed it to adapt to and absorb many of the people who penetrated its mountain passes. No matter how many Persians, Greeks, Chinese nomads, Arabs, Portuguese, British and other raiders had their way with the land, local Hindu kingdoms invariably survived their depradations, living out their own sagas of conquest and collapse. All the while, these local dynasties built upon the roots of a culture well established since the time of the first invaders, the Aryans. In short, India has always been simply too big, too complicated, and too culturally subtle to let any one empire dominate it for long. \nThe first group to invade India were the Aryans, who came out of the north in about 1500 BC. The Aryans brought with them strong cultural traditions that, miraculously, still remain in force today. They spoke and wrote in a language called Sanskrit, which was later used in the first documentation of the Vedas.\n\nSo with so many cultures driving their roots, we have a diversity of tradition, culture and history.\n\nhope this helps
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See this site you will find the history\n\n\n\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan