Differentiate between humoral and cell mediated adaptive immunity.?
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Humoral immunity refers to an immune response from antibodies (for example, an antibody is produced by a B cell and recognizes a foreign antigen and triggers an immune reponse).  In contrast, cell mediated immunity occurs when a cell (for example a T cell) directly recognizes a foreign antigen being "presented" by another cell.
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antibodies, white blood cells
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it's not.  one is a chemical reaction and the other is an auto-immunological response.
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Neutrophils and macrophages phagocytize (swallow) bacteria without regard to which type it is.  While there are also non-specific defenses to viri (the plural of virus), the same defenses are used against bacteria as well.  There are specific defenses against certain bacteria and viri that are used to combat them (antibodies and antigens), but one usually has to be exposed to the pathogen before the antigens/antibodies can be produced by lymphocytes, although there are exceptions, known as innate immunities.\n\nThe main difference between our ability to fend off attacks by bacteria and viri is the phagocytic ability of the previosly names white blood cells (leukocytes) having the ability to swallow and then neutralize the bacteria.  This means more general defense against bacteria than against viri and therefore easier to fight, although with memory t cells, after we have produced and antigen to fight viri, we continue producing it and it remains present in the blood stream.  This is known as acquired immunity, and is the reason why most people wont get diseases like chicken pox more than once in their lifetime.
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Well, I dont know if your are looking for a simple answer or extensive article. But i will try to sum it up in a simple fashion.\n\nTwo type of lymphocytes\n\nCD 4 (Helper T cell)\n\nCD 8 (Cytotoxic T cell)\n\n\nCD 8:\nis responsible for protection against and fighting :\nEndogenous Peptides e.g.\nViruses\nIntracellular Bacteria ( thankfully there are not many)\nIntracellular Parasites\nNeoantigens (tumor cells)\nGraft\n\nCD 4:\nis responsible for protection against and fighting:\nExogenous Peptides e.g\nBacteria ( which are neumerous day to day infections and            \n          varied from staphylococuss to anthrax and more; \n          like day to day cold to plaque)\nToxins\n\nHIV hampers the function of these cells and as this branch of immumity gets weaker, other branches are affected to and the individual is severly immunocompromised.
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The immune system is composed of many interdependent cell types that collectively protect the body from bacterial, parasitic, fungal, viral infections and from the growth of tumor cells. Many of these cell types have specialized functions. The cells of the immune system can engulf bacteria, kill parasites or tumor cells, or kill viral-infected cells. Often, these cells depend on the T helper subset for activation signals in the form of secretions formally known as cytokines, lymphokines, or more specifically interleukins. The purpose of this article is to review the organs, cell types and interactions between cells of the immune system as a commentary on their importance and interdependence on the T helper subset. Such an understanding may help comprehend the root of immune deficiencies, and perceive potential avenues that the immune system can be modulated in the case of specific diseases.
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immunoglobulin A or IgA...
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B cells and T cells ...  well...\nAcquired immunity involves diverse but specific responses to invaders involving lymphocytes.  The cells involved in acquired immunity are specialized and possess memory (once they encounter and destroy the invader, they remember it and can destroy it quicker in the future).  The two types of acquired immunity based on the type of lymphocyte involved are humoral immunity and cellular immunity.  Humoral immunity involves B Cells and cellular immunity involves T Cells.\nBone Marrow derived B Cells secrete antibodies that destroy antigens.  Antigens are pathogens that elicit B cell activation.  They are slower to respond than T cells and are involved in immunization.  Memory B cells stay after an infection is contained to recognize the pathogen if it invades again.\nThymus derived T Cells respond quickly to pathogens by attacking them directly.  These cells puncture a hole in the pathogens cell membrane, so it can fill with tissue fluid, bursting in the process.  Helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and memory T cells are types of T cells.  Helper T cells assit both T cells and B cells fight an infection by secreting hormones to stimulate them.  Cytotoxic T cells kill body cell infected by pathogens.  Memory T cells, like memory B cells, stay after the infection is contained to recognize the pathogen if it invades again.
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same:   both have a lipid bi-layer membrane.  Both have Peripheral and integral membrane proteins.\n\nDifference:  single celled normally have cilia or flagella, single celled macrophage whereas multicelled normally don't.  Multicelled handle disease better.
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Been a while since immunology, I'll try my best. There are two types of region on an antibody, a constant region and a variable region. The genes coding for the constant region or invariant but the genes coding for this variable region undergo a process known as somatic hypermutation. It is difficult to explain succinctly so know that the genes for the variable segment are arranged into what we call V, D, and J segment. There are multiple V, J, and D segments in the gene for the variable region and their different arrangements into a coding unit account for the majority of antibody diversity.
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self-cells have their own protein marker(protein embedded in the cell surface ) that will differentiate the self-cells with non-self cells.We have our own immune system(white blood cells or T-cells/marcophages/B-cells).This immune system will monitor and differentiate our cells using the antigen(protein embedded in the cell surface).If the cells does not have this kind of self marker,marcophages will activated and stimulate the T-cells to attack the cells(non-cells)
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Lymphocytes produce lots of proteins!\nThere are antibodies, antitoxins, cytokines which include interlukin and lots more signal proteins to control and regulate the immune response. Check out this site - it has a lot of accurate and easy to understand information on it about lymphocytes (T cells and B cells)\nhttp://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/
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Complement mediation needs some amount of energy (created by Glucose utilisation)and so bactiriacidal activity is lower in less controlled diabetics.Complement inactivated serum does not need extra energy.I can not readily explain defference between C3 and  C4.Even plasma cells need effective glucose utilisation for optimal functioning.So IgG and IgA  are in higher quantity.
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This article answers your question.\n\nhttp://www.hhmi.org/cgi-bin/askascientist/highlight.pl?kw=&file=answers%2Fgeneral%2Fans_043.html
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try these links. they are a quite a helpful read. \n\nwww.merck.com/mrkshared/ mmanual/section11/chapter143/143c.jsp\n\nwww.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/102/2/419\n\nwww.autoimmuneinc.com/R_and_D/tech.html\n\nwww.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/figsonly/309/5739/1380\n\ngood luck and have fun!!!
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Briefly, the immune system scours the organism for what appear to be foreign invaders.  When it goes haywire, we now have an autoimmune disease -- rheumatoid arthritis, MS, poly myalgia rheumatic,and of course many others.  Interestingly, as sperm develop, the immune system does not attack the sperm, though they are in essence a different type of organism within the body.S[perm cells are guarded by what is commonly called a "nurse" cell.  As well it is interesting that the body does not attach a growing fetus -- usually -- (When it does, it is generally an rH problem).  In essence there is no "interrelationship".  The immune system is tolerent, at times to what appears a foreign living thing,(sperm) and intolerant at times to the body in which it is housed.(rheumatoid arthritis in which the immune system attacks its own cartlidge.) { Heart transplants, and other organ transplants can only succeed if the immune system is weakened.  Transplants would be immediately attacked otherwise.  And interestingly, weakened immume systems in the end, open us all up to cancer.  We all have cancereous cells in us  at all times -- normal cells that have become malignant.  The immune system recongnizes them and eliminates them.  Those with weakened immune systems are more prone to cancer.}  Maybe more information that you wanted to know....?
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The change in morphology and behaviour of lymphocytes exposed to a mitogen or to an antigen to which they have been primed. The result is the production of lymphoblasts, cells that are actively engaged in protein synthesis and that divide to form effector populations. Should not be confused with transformation of the type associated with oncogenic viruses, and "activation" is therefore perhaps a better term.