Which nucleic acid ultimately determines which proteins will be produced?
472444
Listen carefully and ignor anyone who tells you diffrently. All the informaton needed for every protien in the body is stored as DNA. When a particular protien is needed, the streatch of DNA that codes for it is copied into RNA. THis piece of RNA is called a transcript. \n\nThe transcript is usually proccessed in the cell before being sent to the ribosom. There the ribosom reads the nucleic acids in groups of three. So no one nucleic acid makes a protien, but three nucleic acids determine one amino acid. A string of amino acids makes up a protien.
1082461
It's actually very simple.  Just know what the letters before "RNA" code for.  tRNA (transfer RNA) transfers correct amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain.  snRNA (small nucleolar RNA) guide chemical modifications of rRnA's.  mRNA (messenger RNA), as the name implies, encodes and "carries" information from DNA during transcription to whatever sites are undergoing protein synthesis. rRNA basically makes the proteins.  Sorry, that's the shortest I could make it.  It's a rather difficult topic.
240001
when dna is copied to rna this is called translation, when rna makes the protien it it is called transcription
849938
Just like the opposite of start codons, which initiate the translation process, these are the ones that terminate the process; i.e. the ones that tell the ribosomes to stop translation.\n\nAnd why they are that way depends on the type of protein being produced, and in which organism.
1141001
once the DNA has been transcribed, spliced and modified, the new mRNA is moved out of the nucleus of the cell and into the cytoplasm.  There, a ribosome attaches to it.  The mRNA serves as a template for translation.\n\nHere's how that works.  mRNA is read in groups of 3 nucleotieds.  Each group of 3 is called a codon.  When the ribosome is attached to the mRNA, new amino acids that correspond to the codon can get added to the chain.\n\nEssentially, the ribosome moves like a train down the mRNA, stopping at each codon.  Every time it stops, a tRNA can enter and drop off an amino acid.  The tRNA has to be specific to that codon otherwise, it can't enter the ribosome.  The tRNA that is specific to a certain codon, is also specific to the amino acid it carries.  So indirectly, each codon corresponds to an amino acid.\n\nThe role that DNA plays is that it encodes for the mRNA and the mRNA encodes for the protein.\n\nThere's a lot of nuance that I didn't get to, like anticodons, reading frames, P sites, A sites, E sites, etc...If you care about these specifics, post another question ;p
430980
the first one is RNA. You can tell by the U at the end of the sequence
352299
Nucleus contains the genetic material and is where mRNA is produces for later production of protein, which occurs at the rough endoplasmic reticulum.  THe mitochondria carries out respiration, while the chloroplast does the same using light. There are a number of others, of course, but that'll get you started.
838985
No. The central dogma, means just that. DNA to RNA to protein. Amino acids must be assembled on the ribosomal workbench by the interaction of, mRNA and tRNA, which followed from DNA's instructions.
965226
no, proteins are not produced there.  proteins are produced in the cytosol and transported to the mitochondria by chaperone proteins that recognize the mitochonrial localization signal in the amino acid sequence of the specific proteins.  these proteins are then shuttled throught specific channel protein complexes across the mitochodrial membrane and into the mitochondria.
313675
do you mean interactions BETWEEN nucleic acids and proteins?  If so there's a lot of ways you can study that - you can do a footprint analysis - digest the nucleic acid in the presence of the protein and see what piece gets protected to see where the protein binds if you know the identity of the two interacting molecules.  If you don't know their identity you can try a gel-shift assay where DNA will move at different rates on a gel in the presence and absence of various proteins.  If you know the protein but not the DNA you can try an affinity column with the protein immobilized and then try to determine which DNA sequences bind.  You can also try to determine the crystal structure of a co-crystal if you have a lot of the two materials.  good luck!
214091
Transcription is when the nucleus of a cell wants to send a "message" for a protein (polypeptide chain) to be made. It copies this "message" from part of the DNA onto an m(essenger)RNA strand, in which the Thymine of the DNA is now the Uracil of the RNA.\n\nex) DNA message: TAC CGG TAA\n           mRNA: AUG GCC AUU\n\nAfter that is translation, where the message from mRNA gets read by the ribosome to build a polypeptide chain that will eventually become a protein!
324206
The N-end rule pathway is a ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathway.  Ubiquitin marks proteins for degradation.  Degradation signals include a few amino acids at the N-terminus and an internal.  So, you have a point that the N-end rule pathway would be pretty pointless if all proteins have methionine at their N-termini.  \n\nBut, the polypeptide produced after translation is by no means a complete protein.  Polypeptides undergo a lot of processing including processing by an N-terminal protease that can cleave methionine off.  Without such mechanisms, the action of proteins would be severely constrained--the N-end rule pathway being one mechanism that would be constrained without such protein processing.
925374
transcription in cells makes RNA copies of DNA.
873448
> *How are the codes for proteins carried from the nucleus to the ribosomes?\nmRNA, messenger RNA, is transcribed from the "template" strand of DNA for that particular gene.  The mRNA may leave the nucleus and enter the cytoplasm, where it will encounter a ribosome.\n\n> A single strand of DNA has the bases AGTAAC. Using letters, show a matching DNA strand from this pattern.\nTCATTG\n\n> *How is tRNA used when cells build proteins?\ntRNA is a sequence of three nucelotides bound to the corresponding amino acid.  The ribosomes "read" the mRNA, match it, in reading frame, with the corresponding tRNA, and add the amino acid to the growing polypeptide.\n\n> *You begin as one cell. Compare the DNA in one of your brain cells to the DNA in one of your heart cells\nGenerally speaking, the nuclear DNA in your heart cell will be the same as the nuclear DNA in your brain cell.
219533
Proteins are made in the cytoplasm of cells, outside of the nucleus.  So whenever the nucleus needs to use a protein (like polymerase, transcription factors, gyrases, etc.) those proteins need to be brought in from the cytoplasm.  The process by which this happens is called nuclear import.
882950
Transcription is the process of creating an RNA copy of one's DNA or mRNA.  RNA polymerase is responsible for this process.  This process is very important because mRNA is then used in "translation" to form proteins by means of a Ribosome.  \n\nYou need a TATA box for transcription.  There are three types of RNA polymerase: types 1, 2 and 3.  Type 3 RNA Polymerase typically are the ones with the TATA boxes.\n\nTake a look at this website to watch how RNA polymerase synthesizes a new mRNA through transcription:\nhttp://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/transcription/complete.html\n\nHave fun!
1042691
Each amino acid is coded for by a 3-nucleotide codon.  So the mRNA would need at least 450 nucleotides.\n\nBut real mRNA often has extra nucleotides at the beginning or the end that aren't translated into protein.  Sometimes, they are functional (for instance, Iron-Response elements, or IREs tie the translation of that mRNA to iron levels in the cell), sometimes, they aren't.  \n\nLikewise, with DNA you would need at least 450 DNA base pairs, but realistically, there are promotors, or other DNA sequences that don't code for protein, but control when the mRNA is or isn't made, depending on the situation.  Most eukaryotes also have introns, as sometimes, different splice variants are called for in different situations.