How does electricity(electrons) flow inside conductor? Will the speed change when it passes through resistor?
455913
DC (direct current) only flows in one direction.  AC (alternating current) is current which changes direction back and forth with a regular period.\n   The electrons really do flow.  If you look at the "drift", or physical motion of an individual electron, it is much slower than you might think.  In a 12-gauge copper wire carrying 20 Amps of current, the average speed of an electron is quite slow; about 1/250 of a mile per hour.  There's just so many electrons moving along so slowly that it adds up to a substantial current.\n   Why then, when you flip a switch, does the light turn on so quickly?  That's due to wave propagation, which is much faster.  Think of waves in the deep ocean; the waves can move quite quickly, but if you're swimming in it, you're not moving nearly so quickly.  You feel a slight up and down motion, but the wave may be propagating at 30 MPH.  The water itself is not flowing along across the surface at 30 MPH, but the wave is.\n    It is exactly the same with electrons.  While the wave is moving very quickly, the electrons themselves move very little.  In the wiring of your house carrying 20 Amps of AC current, the electrons are wiggling back and forth 60 times per second over a distance of about one thousandth of an inch.\n    However, the wave moves much much faster, when you flip the switch, the change in voltage travels along the wiring at very near the speed of light (it's slowed down about 30% below the speed of light by the plastic insulation on the wire).\n    With that prelude, to answer your questions:\n- the copper wire is not typically called an ion.  During current flow, an atom may hand its extra electron to the next copper atom, but it also gets an electron from the atom on the other side.  Thus, each atom always stays about neutral in charge.  This is described as the copper atoms forming a lattice through which the "sea" of electrons can freely flow.\n- a heater does not work by converting kinetic energy of electrons to heat quite the way you describe.  Instead, it uses the electrical energy available on the conductors of the power cord, which takes the form of electrostatic force of attraction which pushes electrons from the negative line to the positive line.  As an electron eneters the heating element from the negative line, it feels a strong force of attraction towards the other end of the heating element, which is connected to the positive line.  The electron accelerates due to this force, and speeds up somewhat, but it travels only a fraction of a millimeter before it collides with a microscopic defect in the lattice of the heating element, and decelerates and transfers its kinetic energy into vibration of the lattice of atoms of the heating element (i.e. into heat).  It then accelerates again, then hits another defect.\n   The main thing which distinguishes the metal of the heating element from the metal of the copper wires feeding them is that the heating element has a higher density of lattice defects (i.e. higher resistance).  An excellent analogy is American falls at Niagra, where the water approaches in a deep, broad stream moving relatively slowly at high potential (i.e. the negative copper wire), then tumbles down quickly under acceleration of gravity, losing potential, but hitting a bunch of rocks on the way down.  Hitting each rock slows the water down, and also transfers some heat to the rock, but after each impact the water accelerates again as it falls to the next rock.  Then, the water leaves at lower potential in another slow, deep stream (i.e. the positive copper wire).
783633
YOU ARE ASKING A QUESTION THAT IS ANSWERED BY SOLVING THE EQUATION (E=IR) OR OHMS LAW. IF YOU GIVE ME TWO OF THE  UNKNOWNS THE EQUATION CAN BE SOLVED FOR A NUMERIC ANSWER.   LETS ASSUME THE VOLTAGE(E) IS 100VOLTS.  THEN THE CURRENT(IR1) WOULD BE (100VOLTS/110 OHMS) E1/R1 OR 0.909 AMPS.\nTHE SITE BELOW GIVE A LENGTHY DESCRIPTION OF THE SIMPLE CONCEPT AND JUST SEARCHING "OHMS LAW" WILL YIELD DOZENS MORE. YOU WILL FIND THAT THE VOLTAGE APPLIED TO EACH RESISTOR IS THE SAME AND THE AMPERES THROUGH EACH RESISTOR IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO THE RESISTANCE.
613535
Electricity is  flow of electrons in a conductive material like copper or any metals.  The atoms in the conductor are passing the electrons to the next atom in sequence (current flow in Ampere unit). \n\nAnalogy: \nYou can imagine people in line, passing balls in sequence to the next person until the balls reached the other end.\n\nThe force behind the movement of electrons (potential difference in Volt unit), is due to the excessive supply of electron (negative) from one end and lack of supply (Positive) from the other end. (They flow downstream like water).\n\nImagine if you connect two ends of wire to the positive and negative side of the battery. (But don't do it. That is called; short circuit)\n\nIf the wire is cut in the middle and you connect a light bulb between the two cut ends, The light bulb will glow. \n\nHere is the reason;\n\nBecause the light bulb filament (also a metal but doesn't melt easily) is smaller than the wire conductor and does not easily allow the passage of electron (resistance in Ohm unit), The flow of electron will be restricted to a certain amount (like a bottleneck in a pipe) this restriction will cause heat and light due to friction.\n\nMy best tailored answer for you ;=)
910437
Depends a lot on the type of bulb but assuming an incandescent it would be virtually instantly. Remember from physics that the electron current  velocity does not have to be very high at all because what is actually happening is a displacement of electrons throughout the entire length of the wire. It only takes a few extra electrons per linear meter to produce a rapid displacement of electrons throughout the wire\n\nSorry DW electrons do not travel at C in a wire. That is a bad misconception propagated by incompetent high school physics teachers.
266980
4. The current does not change.  I=E/R so multiplying the numerator and denominator by 0.50 results in the same answer, does it not?
448129
Causes of resistance\n[edit]\n\nIn metals\n\nA metal consists of a lattice of atoms, each with a shell of electrons. This can also be known as positive ionic lattice. The outer electrons are free to dissociate from their parent atoms and travel through the lattice, creating a 'sea' of electrons, making the metal a conductor. When an electrical potential difference (a voltage) is applied across the metal, the electrons drift from one end of the conductor to the other under the influence of the electric field.\n\nIn a metal the thermal motion of ions is the primary source of scattering of electrons (due to destructive interference of free electron wave on non-correlating potentials of ions) - thus the prime cause of metal resistance. Imperfections of lattice also contribute into resistance, although their contribution in pure metals is negligible.\n\nThe larger the cross-sectional area of the conductor, the more electrons are available to carry the current, so the lower the resistance. The longer the conductor, the more scattering events occur in each electron's path through the material, so the higher the resistance. [1]\n[edit]\n\nIn semiconductors and insulators\n\nSemiconductors have properties that are part-way between those of metals and of insulators. A silicon boule has a grayish metallic sheen, like a metal, but is brittle, like glass. It is possible to manipulate the resistive properties of semiconductor materials by doping those materials with atomic elements, such as arsenic or boron, which create electrons or holes which can move across the material lattice.\n[edit]\n\nIn ionic liquids/electrolytes\n\nIn electrolytes, electrical conduction happens not by band electrons or holes, but by full atomic species (ions) traveling, each carrying an electrical charge. The resistivity of ionic liquids varies tremendously by the salt concentration - while distilled water is almost an insulator, salt water is a very efficient electrical conductor. In biological membranes, currents are carried by ionic salts. Small holes in the membranes, called ion channels, are selective to specific ions and determine the membrane resistance.\n[edit]\n\nResistance of various materials\nMaterial Resistivity, ρ\nohm-meter\nMetals 10 - 8\nSemiconductors variable\nElectrolytes variable\nInsulators 1016\n[edit]\n\nBand theory\nElectron energy levels in an insulator.\nElectron energy levels in an insulator.\n\nQuantum mechanics states that the energy of an electron in an atom cannot be any arbitrary value. Rather, there are fixed energy levels which the electrons can occupy, and values in between these levels are impossible. The energy levels are grouped into two bands: the valence band and the conduction band (the latter is generally above the former). Electrons in the conduction band may move freely throughout the substance in the presence of an electrical field.\n\nIn insulators and semiconductors, the atoms in the substance influence each other such that between the valence band and the conduction band, there exists a forbidden band of energy levels that the electrons simply cannot occupy. In order for a current to flow, a relatively large amount of energy must be furnished to an electron for it to leap across this forbidden gap and into the conduction band. Thus, large voltages yield relatively small currents.
1101052
Electricity is simply electrons in motion.  Iron, in its pure state, has free electrons available. (note that all metals, either pure or as an alloy, will have some free electrons available; hence metals are typically good conductors.)  \nA more complete picture of the process would look like this:  These free electrons are on the outside surface of the wire.  Now envision ; as you apply current-more electrons- to the wire, these electrons move along the wire and bump into the available free electrons on the surface, thus pushing them along and allowing the current to flow.  This process causes a certain amount of friction and explains why the wire warms up
284869
In  a given material of a given cross-section, the resistance increases with length.  Now conduction is the opposite of resistance, so the shorter it is, the better it will conduct.  \n\nEs mayor en una corta.
1057959
You are confused.  Electrons don't conduct electricity.  They, collectively, make electricity.  They do work by going from high potential energy to low potential energy.  The potential energy is usually caused by concentration of charge, because like charges repel each other.  The movement of electrons is what we call electricity.  Charge is a measure of the difference between number of protons and number of electrons, if you multiply the difference by the charge for one electron you get the charge.\nA coulomb is a unit designed to be more usefull than the charge on an electron because it is large enough to work easily with..
430401
Since V=IR  (voltage V equals Current I times resistance R), if the voltage doubles, then so should the current...that is unless the resitance is somehow variable, which is not normal - so it tells you the conductor may have undergone some kind of chnage in state.
132899
Current drops as the resistance increases. Think of it as a road. As the road gets narrower (resistance increases) the less cars will pass per minute (current decreases)
1162596
Electricity through the wire because it is electron movement which is way faster than the ion in a solution-just consider the difference in the sizes of the two and friction.
864979
The speed of the propagation of the electric field within a wire is limited by the speed of light.  Information cannot travel faster than light, so if you switched on a light bulb millions of miles away it would take a very noticeable lag before you see the light come on.\nFirst the electricity must travel down the wire at a speed no faster than c, then the light emitted by the bulb must return at c.\n\nIt is important to note that although the influence of the electric field propagates at the speed of light, the electrons making up the electric current do not travel this fast themselves since they have mass.  The individual electrons in the current carrying wire travel much more slowly.  The electrons that go "into" one end of the wire are not the same electrons that "come out" of the other end.
413107
I will have to answer your question in two parts.\n\nElectrons in a piece of metal move around randomly with speeds of about 10^5 m/s. This is just the thermal velocity associated with the energy the electrons possess without any electric field present.\nWhen an electric field is applied, the electrons acquire a miniscule drift velocity. This velocity is miniscule compared to both the thermal velocity AND the speed of light.\nElectrons flowing as a current have speeds no where near the speed of light, whether you speak about the thermal or drift velocities.\n\nHOWEVER, the SIGNAL DOES travel close to the speed of light. Signal speeds are typically about 2/3 the speed of light. Just do a simple coaxial cable calculation to find a wave equation, and you can find the conduction speed.\nThe reason for this is that the Electric field applied can cause electrons ALL THROUGHOUT the circuit to move, and thus the speed of the signal is greater than the drift speed of the electrons.\n\nThe other answers are wrong in saying that ELECTRONS travel close to the speed of light.\nIt is correct to say that ELECTRICAL SIGNALS travel close to the speed of light, however.
471231
If the bundle diameter is the same and the individual wires are round in cross-section, then obviously the area of wire metal in the cross section is less in the bundle than in the solid wire so the bundle has a higher resistance. But let's say you mean that the bundle is enough larger in diameter that the metal areas of both cross sections are equal as assumed by answer 2. Suppose there are N strands in the bundle and the solid wire has a resistance R. Then each strand's resistance is N*R. Contrary to answer 2 (if I am reading it correctly), it makes no difference if the individual wires are connected side-by-side or not, as long as they are connected together at each end. Connecting them thus in parallel makes the bundle's resistance equal to R. Since the strands are identical in resistance and therefore carry the same current, the voltage at any distance along one strand is exactly the same as at the same distance along any other strand. Connect them together at that point and what happens? No change in current flow because no change in voltage, and therefore no change in resistance.
917343
Current is the rate at which charge moves past a point on a circuit. \n\nTherefore the correct formula is:\n\n  (Current) = (Charge) / (time)\n\nNote that the definition of Ampere is "One Coulomb per second".
526539
Electric current is the flow of electric charge. This can be electrons or charged ions, like in electrolyte solutions. \n\nElectrons are the charge carriers in metals. They follow an an erratic path, randomly bouncing from atom to atom, but generally drifting in the direction of the electric field.\n\nThe net drift speed of the electrons is therefore slow, of the order of mm/sec in copper wires.\n\nHowever, electric current signals are waves which propagate at very high speed, close to the speed of light in the medium.