In CAM pathway, although carbon di oxide fixation takes place at night yet calvin cycle occurs during the day?
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Yeah, the Calvin cycle is a non-light requiring reaction which means it can function in the dark. However, it also functions in the presence of light.
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Calvin cycle'''' (or Calvin-Benson cycle or carbon fixation) is a series of biochemical reactions that takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms. It was discovered by Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson at the University of California, Berkeley. James Bassham also made important contributions to elucidating this pathway. It is one of the light-independent reactions or dark reactions.
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1. contaminated the atmosphere with oxygen 2.5 billion years ago\nd- noncyclic photosynthesis\n\n2. uses NADH from the matrix\nc- electron transport\n\n3. poisons by stopping electron transport in respiration\na- cyanide\n\n4. acts as the terminal electron acceptor in respiration \na- oxygen\n\n5. the most ancient glucose oxidizing pathway\nb- glycolysis\n\n6. Produces NADH in the cytoplasm\ne- citric acid cycle\n\n7. Couples mechanical energy to ATP production\nc- ATP synthase\n\n8. Generates a proton gradient\nb- triose phosphate isomerase\n\n9. Fixes carbon in Photosynthesis\nd- RUBISCO\n\n10. Generates glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate\ne- calvin cycle and glycolysis\n\nPS; I hope you get better help; I am not sure of some of these!\n\nIt may be:\n\n8. Generates a proton gradient\n\ne- calvin cycle and glycolysis\n\nand\n\n10. Generates glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate\n\nb- triose phosphate isomerase\n\nIn fact, I am trying to recall if the triose relates to glyceraldehyde.  Maybe you can do a bit more searching?
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The "light reactions" are Cellular Respiration, which is also called the Krebs Cycle.\n\nI know that there are "dark reactions", but I'm not sure what they are.\n\nHmm.. apparently they are known as the Calvin Cycle (see link)
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They don't ALL release oxygen 24hrs a day guys! Oxygen is released during the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis requires sunlight. Is it bright and sunny in the middle of the night?! \nThat was a response to the previous answerers... I am sorry, I don't know the answer to your question! Perhaps it could relate to the photosynthetic pathway of the plant, eg C4 or CAM rather than just C3? That's just a random guess though. Good luck...
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A CAM plant stores carbon as organic acids for use when it closes its stomata to prevent water loss. C3 and C4 plants use 3 carbon and 4 carbon molecules respectively for use in the calvin cycle.
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1. electrons are transfered through NADPH\n2. light dependent refers to the photosystems and the chloroplasts absorbing light energy from the sun to split water to get electrons. Light independent refers to the Calvin cycle where CO2 is converted into glucose. Light independent does not require any light.\n3. light intensity, CO2 concentration, H2O availibility, temperature, humidity\n4. Low light intensity, green light, or low CO2 availibility = slow rate of photosynthesis. High light intensity, red/blue light, high CO2 availibility = normal/faster rate of photosynthesis.
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C4 carbon fixation is one of three methods, along with C3 and CAM photosynthesis, used by land plants to "fix" carbon dioxide (binding the gaseous molecules to dissolved compounds inside the plant) for sugar production through photosynthesis. Along with CAM photosynthesis, C4 fixation is an improvement over the simpler and more ancient C3 carbon fixation strategy used by most plants. Both methods overcome the tendency of rubisco (the first enzyme in the Calvin cycle) to photorespire, or waste energy by using oxygen to break down carbon compounds to CO2. C4 plants separate rubisco from atmospheric oxygen, fixing carbon in the mesophyll cells and using oxaloacetate and malate to ferry the fixed carbon to rubisco and the rest of the Calvin cycle enzymes isolated in the bundle-sheath cells. The intermediate compounds both contain four carbon atoms, hence the name C4.\n\n\nmetabolic pathway for carbon fixation in photosynthesis. This process converts carbon dioxide and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP, a 5-carbon sugar) into 3-phosphoglycerate through the following reaction:\n\n    6 CO2 + 6 RuBP → 12 3-phosphoglycerate\n\nThis reaction occurs in all plants as the first step of the Calvin cycle. In C4 plants, carbon dioxide is drawn out of malate and into this reaction rather than directly from the air.\n\nPlants that survive solely on C3 fixation (C3 plants) tend to thrive in areas where sunlight intensity is moderate, temperatures are moderate, carbon dioxide concentrations are around 200 ppm or higher, and ground water is plentiful. The C3 plants, originating during Mesozoic and Paleozoic era, predate the C4 plants and still represent approximately 95% of Earth's plant biomass.
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Check these factors out\n\n1.  The amount of pollutants in the air are lower at night\n2.  The amount of oxygen released by plants is maximum at night and C02 levels are least reduced.\n3.  Humidity levels are generally high at night\n4. Charged particles are less at night, because there is no more "ionizing" sunlight (smell is an electrochemical process\n\nI could think of other reasons, but I'm out of ideas.
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I'm guessing....\n\nIf I remember my high school biology, guard cells sit around the stomata on the underside of most plant leaves.  Plants open up their stomata to improve gas exchange (they want to take in CO2 and get rid of O2).  They typically only do this at night because they want to limit their water loss through the stomata.  If the chloroplasts in guard cells have a purpose other than photosynthesis, it might be that they are acting as sensors so that the guard cells will be able to tell when it is nighttime (time to open up the stomata!).
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Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast in all eukaryotic green cells eg:All higher plants and in chromatophores in prokaryotic green cells suchas Nostoc,Anabaena etc.. \nDuring photosynthesis radiant solar energy is converted into chemical energy.\nUsing light energy carbondioxide is reduced into carbohydrates. The source of hydrogens for the reduction of carbon dioxide is from water. same light energy is useful in splitting water molecules, as a result oxygen comes into the atomosphere & hydrogen for reduction of corbondioxide
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Hooooo.OK U want all explanation in yahoo answers?I Will try\n\nIN photosynthesis the sunlight energy is used by green plants to prepare food materials.\nn light reaction the sun light activates chlorophyll molecules so that they make NADDP2 and NADH2.These two in Calvin cycle reduce the co2+h2o in to glucose molecule\n\nIN respiration the reverse happens Of course in different steps\nGlucose molecule in respiration (it is a 6 carbon molecule6H12O6) passes through 3 phases to release the energy in the form of ATP(remember solar energy is taken in p.s to make glucose molecule)\n\nIn GLYCOLYSIS of respiration g;ucose divides in to two pyruvic acids which is aC3co,mpound (2X3=6CARBON glucose)\n\nIn KREBSCYCLE THE pyruvic acik(c3)com pound splits in to 3 co2 and while doing so , it producesNADPH2 nd NADH2\n\nINthe last phase the ELECTRON TRANSPORT  the reduced powers or NADH2 AND NADPH2  are oxidised  (at this stage it takes in oxygen_) in to energy(ATP)and co2\nso the end product in respiration is carbondioxide and energ y in the form of ATP
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Yes, guard cells are the only cells in the cell wall that conating chloroplasts. the reason for this been they help to control the opening and the closing of the stomata (the ope that allows gaseous exchange of CO2 and O2.\nDuring the day there is light so the plants can Photosynthesis as CO2 is used up during photosynthesis theCO2 levels in the guard cells falls. This causes water and  salts to be draged into the guard cells and the guard  cells swell up, thus opening the stomata pore .\nAt night CO2 levels are high as photosynthesis cant take place due tothe absence of light and the CO 2 levels rises so water and salt leave the guard cells and they shrink and thus close the stomata pore.
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Photosynthesis is an important biochemical process in which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert the energy of sunlight to chemical energy with the help of Chilorophyll.Chlorophyll is a chlorin pigment, which is structurally similar to porphyrin pigments such as heme. At the center of the porphyrin ring is a magnesium ion. This has various side chains, usually including a long phytol chain. In plant photosynthesis, incoming light is absorbed by chlorophyll and other accessory pigments in the antenna complexes of photosystem I and photosystem II. The antenna pigments are predominantly chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids; their absorption spectra are non-overlapping, this serves to broaden the specific bandwidths of light these individual compounds absorb during the process of photosynthesis.Each antenna complex has between 250 and 400 pigment molecules, and the energy they absorb is shuttled by resonance energy transfer to a specialized chlorophyll a at the reaction center of each photosystem. When either of the two chorophyll a molecules at the reaction center absorb energy, an electron is excited and transferred to an electron-acceptor molecule, leaving an electron hole in the donor chlorophyll. In a poorly-understood reaction, electrons from water molecules participate in an oxidiation reaction, where the hole from the donor chlorophyll is filled (recombined with another electron), and diatomic oxygen is produced. Resulting chemical energy originating from the initial excited electron is eventually captured in the form of ATP and NADPH, and is then ultimately used to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbohydrates. This CO2 fixation process results in the conversion (or an integrated external quantum efficiency) of 3% to 6% of the total incident solar radiation, with a theoretical maximum efficiency of 11%.
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Krebs' cycle is also called Citric acid cycle or Tricarboxyllic cycle (TCA cycle).It takes place in the matrix of mitochondria.It is a phase of aerobic respiration during which pyruvic acid is completely oxidised into CO2 and H2O.All the enzymes necessary for the breakdown of pyruvic acid are present in mitichondria.Hannes Alfen Krebs, a British Biochemist explained this cycle of reactions in 1937-this cycle was named after him and he was given the Nobel Prize in 1957.The working involves too many steps to put down here. Please check this link for further information on the topic.\nhttp://chemistry.gsu.edu/glactone/PDB/Proteins/Krebs/Krebs.html
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the electron transport chain occurs in the inner membrane.  the krebbs cycle occurs in the inner matrix and glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
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During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical potential energy.