what are sediments that are found where rivers and oceans meet?
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look in the answers in the back of your puzzle book
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When sediment containing iron is deposited, the iron aligns itself with the earth's magnetic field like a compass does.  When the sediment hardens, geologists are able to collect the rock, examine the alignment of the iron it contains, and try to calculate the nature of the planet's magnetic field (e.g., its strength, the location of its poles) at the time that sediment was deposited.
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Latitude, Ocean currents, Winds, Elevation, Relief and Nearness to water.
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< A delta is the mouth of a river where it flows into an ocean, sea, or lake, building outwards (as a deltaic deposit) from sediment carried by the river and deposited as the water current is dissipated. Deltaic deposits of larger, heavily-laden rivers are characterised by the river channel dividing into multiple streams (distributaries), these divide and come together again to form a maze of active and inactive channels.\n\nDelta formation: \nAt the final course of a river, when it enters the sea, it mixes with the surrounding water, and its velocity of flow is checked, causing it to deposit its load of gravel, sand, silt and clay. The first materials deposited are the gravel and sand, as they are by far the heaviest and coarsest. Next to be dropped is the silt. Because it is fine, the clay is transported in suspension quite far out in the sea. When salt water causes the clay to flocculate, it becomes heavier and sinks. As layers upon layers of alluvial materials are deposited, a platform of alluvium is built up and it eventually rises above the water, which can now be called the delta. The water then overflows the banks into different channels called distributaries, which build up their own levees. The vegetation that later grows on the alluvium stabilizes the delta.\nWhere delta formation is river-dominated and less subject to tidal or wave action, a delta may take on a multi-lobed shape which resembles a bird's foot. The Mississippi delta is an example of this type.\n\nThe most famous delta is that of the Nile River, and it is this delta from which the term is derived, because the Nile delta has a very characteristic triangular shape, like the (upper-case) Greek letter delta (Delta). Other rivers with notable deltas include the Ganges/Brahmaputra combination (this delta spans most of Bangladesh), the Niger, the Amazon, the Mississippi, the Sacramento-San Joaquin, the Rhine, the Rhône, the Danube, the Ebro, the Volga, the Lena, the Tigris-Euphrates, the Indus, the Krishna-Godavari, the Cauvery, the Irrawaddy, and the Mekong.\n\nIn rare cases the river delta is located inside of a large valley and is called an inverted river delta.
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Most sand is composed of silicon dioxide (quartz) which is very resistant to acids and abrasion, and that is also the reason beaches have sand. Whether the erosional force is air or water, most other materials are more easily removed, leaving behind the sand. Often this process took place in the ocean, then plate tectonics (the same force that built the mountains you mentioned) or sea level fluctuations leave the sea bed exposed to become a desert. So yes, many deserts were once part of a seabed, and often marine fossils can be found in outcrops of desert bedrock.
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Yup, definately oceans.
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Sedimentary rocks begin life as sediments (that is, clastic sedimentary rocks). To turn sediments into sedimentary rocks requires burial and compaction. Most sedimentary rocks form at depths of several hundred to several thousands of meters below the surface of the earth. In the Bahama Islands and other shallow tropical seas, chemical sedimentary rocks are being deposited on the sea floor all the time. It is hard to see this kprocess because it is slow and ongoing. In Death Valley and other arid closed basins, halide (salt) chemical precipitates are being deposited as ephemeral lakes evaporate. Once again, deposition is slow and these processes cannot be seen on a human timescale.
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Topography is the word you want. Combine Topography with river and throw it into a search engine and things like this Wikipedia article should fall out.  Happy hunting.
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Most rivers are fresh water.
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The amount of rivers emptying into the ocean taking dirt and silt with them and dumping it there, muddying up the waters, so to speak.  Water around the Bahamas is as clear as vodka -- no rivers (I believe they have to import all their drinking water)
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An estuary occurs when a fresh-water river meets a salt-water sea or ocean. Typically, the resulting area is a marshy mix of shallow water and sediment, interspersed with low-lying hummocks of soil that may (at times) be above the water's surface.\n\nBecause ALL bodies of "standing" water (seas, lakes, oceans, ponds, pools, etc) are affected by the moon such that a tide is created, then any other body of water (such as a river) that intersects directly with the standing water must also be affected to some extent.\n\nIn the case of an estuary - yes, it is affected by tidal action.\n\nOf course, the larger the body of standing water, the larger the tidal effect.
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Delta\nA delta is a landform where the mouth of a river flows into an ocean, sea, desert, estuary or lake, building outwards (as a deltaic deposit) from sediment carried by the river and deposited as the water current is dissipated. Deltaic deposits of larger, heavily-laden rivers are characterized by the river channel dividing into multiple streams (distributaries), these divide and come together again to form a maze of active and inactive channels\n\n Estuaries\nEstuaries are aggrading depositional sedimentary bodies at the mouths of rivers. Many present river mouths became estuaries after the post-glacial sea-level rise inundated the former deltas. When that happened, fluvial channels became subject to tidal influence. Especially in meso- and macro-tidal regimes, the fluvial processes became subordinate to marine redistribution and tide-dominated estuaries could form.
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There are many different sedimentary rocks but only three basic causes.\n\nFirst is where rock is weathered out and is washed down into valleys and rivers where it forms a mud and is then pressured to turn into rock.\n\nThe other is the sea floor where the same silt settles and becomes a thick layer over the years.  Then either the sea recedes or the land is thrust up leaving the mud high and dry as sedimentary rock.\n\nLastly we have limestone and chalk where sea creatures die, sink to the ocean floor and accumulate.  This then follows the same upthrust or ebb of the sea and is exposed as rock on the mainland.
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Eons ago there were rivers\n\nTh
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boats.\n\n\nAnd water.  Lots of water.
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I think that what you are asking about might be better called coastal deposition.\n\nOver the span of geologic time the sea level has changed dramatically. As the sea level has moved up and down over time the coastal erosion process has created continental shelves that are covered in deposits eroded from dry land around some continents. This process has also helped shape the coastlines of the continents. \n\nOne of the more spectacular examples of coastal deposition are river deltas. The sediment carried by the river is deposited as the flow of river water slows. This tends to sort the sediments according to the energy level of the water that is flowing into the open ocean. First larger grains like gravel and pebbles settle down, and as the river slows, sand, and finally clay size particles settle out of the water. Many river deltas have built up sediment deposits that are several miles thick and cover areas as large as some states. Most of southern Louisiana is a river delta deposit. \n\nAlong many coasts there is a predominant wind direction that helps to build coast long-shore currents. These currents move parallel to the coastline and will cause sediment accumulations (from rivers) such as sand bars and islands to slowly migrate in one direction. Much of the sand on beaches is actually slowly migrating along the shore. As heavier winter waves move the sand offshore, the sand also tends to move along the shore and sometimes temporarily moves back up onto the beach at a new location. \n\nAnother geologic process that is involved in coastal change is both uplift and subsidence. Uplift is taking place on some coasts due to tectonic plate motion. Other coasts are subsiding, or sinking, due to both faulting and slow compaction of underlying sediments. This sort of subsidence is taking place along the Gulf Coast of the US where there are large growth faults that parallel the coast that are sinking towards the Gulf. Sediment deposited thousands and millions of years ago is still settling in some areas and this leads to loss of coastal wetlands and rising local sea level. \n\nIn other areas coastlines are being changed by local erosion of uplifted sediments (e.g. California). Landslides carry hillsides down to the coastline. Another change in many coastlines is being caused by a geologic process called isostacy. As glaciers accumulated across North America during the last ice age, they weighed down that part of the earth's crust and caused it to sink into the asthenosphere. The glaciers melted long ago, but the areas that were covered by glaciers are still rising. This creates a sort of teeter-totter effect, where some coastlines like parts of the East Coast of the US and the Louisiana coast are sinking. \n\nInformation on isostatic rebound:\nhttp://www.homepage.montana.edu/~geol445/hyperglac/isostasy1/\n\nMississippi River Delta:\nhttp://www.lacoast.gov/geography/basins/mr/\n\nExplanation of long shore drift:\nhttp://www.cofc.edu/CGOInquiry/longshoredrift.htm\n\nGood explanation of barrier islands:\nhttp://www3.csc.noaa.gov/beachnourishment/html/geo/barrier.htm\n\nA very good illustration of differential erosion in a coastal setting:\nhttp://www.rgs.edu.sg/events/geotrip/stack.html\n\nUN Coastal Types:\nhttp://www.oceansatlas.com/servlet/CDSServlet?status=ND0yNzYwJmN0bl9pbmZvX3ZpZXdfc2l6ZT1jdG5faW5mb192aWV3X2Z1bGwmNj1lbiYzMz0qJjM3PWtvcw~~
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detritic (sand and pebbles glued together)\nchemical (salt in the water)\nbiochemical (squeletons of aquatic animals)