how does carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system of the blood operate?
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CO2 +H2O<-->H2CO2<---->HCO2 + H\nCarbonic Acid can react with Hidrogen ions (which lower the pH of the blood) to form bicarbonate; which can be later removed by the system in the kidneys or through respiration.  The formation of bicarbonate removes an H ion from solution thus helping mantain pH equillibrium in the body at around 7.4
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Your blood keeps its pH range stable.
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The chemical reaction by which oxygen + hemoglobin -> oxyhemoglobin occurs has a chemical equalibrium, and this is exploited in the lungs (where the forward reaction occurs due to the higher atmospheric concentration of oxygen causes oxygen + hemoglobin to bind), in tissues (where the reverse reaction occurs due to lower concentrations of oxygen in the working tissues than in the blood, and the reaction proceeds backwards more due to the presence of carbonic acid).\n\nA similar situation happens with CO2, to remove it from the cells. Now, incidentally, in the blood, much of the CO2 takes the form of carbonic acid. Lowering the pH of the blood decreases the binding affinity of oxygen and hemoglobin, releasing oxygen to the working tissues (those which have a high rate of metabolism, and are, therefore, releasing lots of CO2).
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The lungs (respiratory system) take in air (using the oxygen and breathing out the carbon dioxide), the heart pumps the oxygen through our arteries (circulatory system)making our blood red.
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For pH3; Citrate buffer (Sodium citrate/citric acid) \n\nFor pH 8.75; Borate buffer (sodium tetraborate/boric acid), or TRIS [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane]\n\nFor pH9.3; borate buffer, or carbonate buffer (carbonate/bicarbonate)
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The citric acid cycle (also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the TCA cycle, or the Krebs cycle) is a series of chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. In aerobic organisms, the citric acid cycle is part of a metabolic pathway involved in the chemical conversion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and water to generate a form of usable energy. It is the second of three metabolic pathways that are involved in fuel molecule catabolism and ATP production, the other two being glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.  Check out the link below for more information.
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The red blood cells have a special oxygen transport molecule called hemoglobin. It has an iron atom in the middle of it that binds to the oxygen very loosely in the lungs where oxygen is plentiful. Then, when the red blood cell reaches tissue that has a low oxygen concentration, the loosely bound oxygen dissociates from the hemoglobin, ready to be used by the cells in the body.\n\nThe right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs where the oxygen is picked up. Then the blood goes back to the left side of the heart to be pumped out to the rest of the body so the oxygen can be delivered.
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The Cardiovascular System\n\n\n The cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system form what is collectively called the circulatory system. Together, these systems transport oxygen, nutrients, cell wastes, hormones, and many other substances to and from all cells in the body. The trillions of cells in the human body take up nutrients and excrete wastes every minute of every day. Although the pace of this exchange may increase with activity or slow with rest, it happens continuously. If it stops, so does life. Of the two systems, the cardiovascular system is the primary transport operator; the lymphatic system aids it in its function.\n\n\nDesign: Parts of the Cardiovascular System\n\nCardiovascular comes from the Greek word cardia, meaning "heart," and the Latin vasculum, meaning "small vessel." The basic components of the cardiovascular system are the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood. The system can be compared to a large muscular pump (the heart) that sends a fluid (blood) through a series of large and small tubes (blood vessels). As blood circulates through the increasingly intricate system of vessels, it picks up oxygen from the lungs, nutrients from the small intestine, and .....
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Oxygen enters the blood in the lungs, where is binds to hemoglobin (which has a strong oxygen-binding affinity). Hemoglobin travels through the blood until it reaches the blood vessels. Once blood reaches the muscles, the carbon dioxide produced by the muscles enters the blood in the form of carbonic acid. The carbonic acid lowers the blood pH, which lowers the affinity of hemoglobin to bind oxygen, releasing large amounts of oxygen into the working tissues of the muscle.
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Oxygen (as O2) enters the lungs and diffuses through the thin layer of epithelial cells into the blood stream, where it binds one of four sites on hemoglobin.  The hemoglobin carries the oxygen to the heart, where it is then pumped out to the tissues of the body.  Tissues uptake oxgen as needed, and give CO2 in return to the blood stream.  The CO2 is then carried back to the lungs, where more oxygen is taken up.\n\nOxygen serves as an oxidizer, while fuels (such as sugar and fats) serve as reducers.  The oxygen acts in what are called "Oxidation/reduction" reactions (aka Redox--defined by a transfer of electrons) which release an excess of energy.  That energy is used to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which acts as the energy carrying molecule of choice by the body.  The systems used to make ATP are primarily glycolysis and the electron transport chain.
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Bicarbonate Ion.  HCO3-  Will combine with H+ (acid) to form H2CO3 or carbonic acid which has less effecto on pH.  Hemoglobin in RBC's is also an example of a protien buffer.  A buffer is anything that will receive or donate a hydrogen to swing the pH either way.
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yup it does to give copper oxide, water and carbon dioxide\n\nCu(HCO3)2======> CuO +H2O +2CO2
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a BASE is a proton acceptor; an ACID is a proton donator\n\nweak base - has low tendency to accept protons\nweak acid - has low tendency to donate protons - doesn't fully dissociate (reaction stays incomplete, in equilibrium)\n\n\nBuffer solutions are made up of weak acids, so an equilbrium is set up:\n\nHA  <==> H+ + A-\n(HA - acid; H+ - protons; A- - base)\n\nThe pH stays constant because, if an acid (donating H+ ions) is added, the extra A- ions will react with them to form HA. If more base is added, there are plenty of HA molecules to give up the H+ and react with them.  Therefore the amount of H+ ions in solution is constant.  Since pH is a measure of H+ ions in solution, pH stays constant too.
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First you must know the following equation, which explains how the body \nbuffers the blood and removes carbon dioxide from tissues:\n\nHCO3- + H <-> H2CO3 <-> CO2 + H2O\n\nTheroretically, they are all in equilibrium. When you are hyperventilating, you are releasing an EXCESS of CO2. That means that in order to maintain equilibrium, you must make more CO2 (since you are getting rid of so much at one time). Therefore, you are using up hydrogen ions and producing CO2; this makes your blood alkaline (higher pH) because there are less protons (hydrogen ions). \n\nThis condition is known as respiratory alkalosis, because you are literally causing your blood to become alkaline from hyperventilating.
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Cellular respiration : carbon dioxide
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Buffer capacity is defined as the moles of acid or base necessary to change the pH of one liter of solution by one unit.\n\nBuffer Capacity = (number of moles of OH- or H3O+ added)     divided by ( pH change) x (volume of buffer in L)\n\n-Buffering capacity increases as the molar concentration (molarity)of the buffer salt/acid solution increases.\nThat's only partially true.The pH of a buffer solution is independent of buffer concentration only if there is a sufficient quantity present. A buffer consists of a solution of a weak acid (base) and the salt of weak acid (base). The addition of either acid or base converts acid(base) to the acid (base) salt, or the salt back to acid (base) when another acid or base is added to the solution.If there is not enough buffer present compared to the added acid or base, the buffer can be swamped, and the pH will change significantly. So it is only partially true that the buffer is independent of the buffer concentration.If the amount of acid or base added, is small compared to the buffer concentration then the pH is not sensitive to the amount of buffer present\n\n-the closer the bufferd pH is to the pKa,the greater the buffering capacity\n\nThe solution is at a maximum buffer capacity (the minimum dpH/dn) when pH = pKa, as can be seen algebraically: \nKa = [H3O+][A-]/[HA]; [H3O+] = Ka[HA]/[A-] \n\nlog [H3O+] = log Ka + log ([HA]/[A-]) \n\npH = pKa - log([HA]/[A-]) \n\nThis rearranged form of the ionization constant of an acid is sometimes called the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. \n\nSince pH = pKa if and only if [HA] = [A-], maximum buffer capacity of a conjugate acid-base pair is always found at pH = pKa. Reasonable buffer capacity is still obtained if the ratio of [HA] to [A-] is somewhere between 0.1 and 10, but outside this range it decreases rapidly. A chemical buffer can be effective about pH = pKa +/- 1. To make up a buffer solution one would first choose a reasonable acid-base conjugate pair on the basis of its pKa value and any other chemical constraints (one would not use the HCN/CN- pair, for example, in biological systems because cyanide is toxic). One would then adjust the concentrations such that both are reasonable (say 10-3 molar or above) while the desired pH is still obtained. The conjugate acid-base pairs glycinium ion/glycine, hydrogen citrate/citrate, dihydrogen phosphate/monohydrogen phosphate, and boric acid/hydrogen borate are often used for the preparation of aqueous buffers.
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Blood plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and numerous nutrients that are being delivered to various parts of your body.  \n\nStructurally speaking, the circulatory system is a complex set of arteries drawing blood away from your lungs and to every part of your body (including the brain and heart muscle), veins drawing blood toward your lungs, the heart that pumps to keep blood moving, and capillaries that drop of oxygen to cell tissue in exchange for carbon dioxide.