How to prevent and treat white spot virus disease in shrimps?
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One of the many problems associated with the management of viral diseases is that there is increasing evidence that clinical signs similar to those seen in white spot disease may occur in shrimp that are not infected with WSSV. It would appear that if the virus is present in a population, a rapid rise in mortalities is associated with environmental deterioration. Most dead shrimp will either have no clinical signs or will have the clinical signs typically associated with the viral infection i.e., white spots. If the environment does not deteriorate, it is unlikely that mass mortalities will occur. In some cases, chronic low-level mortalities are seen with the shrimp showing signs of external fouling, vibriosis or other conditions. Some of these animals may also show white spots, but if the mortalities are low, the virus may not be present. These findings emphasise the difficulty of correctly diagnosing viral diseases based solely on gross clinical signs, and the importance of environmental management as a means of controlling economic losses due to disease.\n\nAlthough a great deal of information is still lacking regarding these very serious viral conditions, some general recommendations for their control have been developed. Prevention has to be based on not only maintaining a healthy environment, but also on keeping the virus out of the system. For white spot disease, the most common route of infection is through entrance with infected postlarvae (PL). However, in some cases the virus enters the population with the incoming water or via wild crustaceans. Outbreaks due to WSSV can be prevented by eliminating potential vectors and screening intake water. However, serious outbreaks can still occur in ponds stocked with infected PL. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to screen for infected PL is one way to reduce this risk (Flegel et al. 1997, Kasornchandra et al. 1997). The technique is now used in many countries with varying results. PCR is very sensitive and can, therefore, detect small numbers of the virus in individual animals. However, the technique is not as effective where populations are large and only a small number of individuals are infected. This might explain why outbreaks still occur in ponds with PL certified as PCR-negative.\n\nSince outbreaks of white spot disease often stem from infected PL, elimination of such animals from the population before stocking can reduce the likelihood of disease. Formalin, at a concentration of 150 ppm, can be used to treat PL for 30 minutes. After treatment, weak and unhealthy individuals should be separated from actively swimming shrimp and discarded. This technique successfully reduces the number of infected PL stocked into ponds (Limsuwan 1997). However, if the prevalence of infection is high, this technique may not be practical, especially when climatic conditions fluctuate.\n\nIt is important to keep predators and competitors out of the pond. Initially, the pond should be filled and the water treated with calcium hypochlorite at 15 to 20 ppm active chlorine. After the pond is filled, water exchange should be reduced to a minimum for at least the first month after stocking. Water should only be exchanged when it is necessary, not as a routine procedure. It is also important to ensure that the incoming water is free from animals and has not been contaminated by wastes from other farms. A reservoir is essential for treatment of incoming water.\n\nThe main aim of low water exchange is to minimise contact with poor quality or contaminated water from outside the farm. Partial recirculation is the system of low water exchange most commonly used in Asia. When water cannot be pumped into the farm, effluent from the production ponds is first allowed to settle and may be treated before being mixed with the water reserve. The reserve water is pumped from the external water supply when conditions are suitable, or from an inlet reservoir. In most partial recirculation systems, harve
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By vaccination for hepatitis A & by believing in God!!!\nwell,\n1)Eat right\n2)Avoid dehydration\n3)Avoid drugs\n4)Try to control itching\nThanks.\nSumiya
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Home remedies of common cold and minor respiratory infections, should include herbal treatment and some other tips, like open the windows frequently to avoid a big concentration of microbes(it is essential) in the room, put plasters of aloe in the front of the face and wrists to lower the temperature ecc.\nCheck out also this link about fever. I wrote that based on the questions asked by my clients. \nhttp://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;_ylt=AoiJ6WwIyV83Jl9lSdKl6oXsy6IX?qid=1006031504946\nIf the person has been characterized as high-risk, should be advised to get the influenza vaccine. \n\nRegarding the herbal treatment let me be more specific than Batman(he was good but very generic), just because this is the field of my specialization(I am a health care provider). \n1.If you have fever, the 1st thing that you have to do, is open your mouth and check your tonsils: if you distinguish any white spots(this is puss) then you have to go to the doctor to get prescribed an antibiotic.  Don’t trust any home remedies at this case. In any case, you can have some gargles. Prepare a solution of chamomile(1 glass) and 1 spoonful of salt (4-5 times daily).\n2.If not, just an antipyretic drug is enough. If you have high fever, you can use a combination of aspirin + paracetamol (next time that you will visit your doctor check it out with him).\nUsually, the professional associations are posting guidelines for this purpose.\nCheck them out, too, visiting their site.\n3.You are talking about cough. There is a net distinction between cough relievers, in expectorants and antitussives. The mechanism of action of the relevant medicines in order to affront each symptom, is different. Be sure that you did the correct diagnosis, in order to take the correct medicine. Maybe the cough is of allergic provenience or it is a side effect associated   with any medicines that you already take? For example, it might be associated with use of ACE inhibitors(it is a medicine used to lower certain types of  blood pressure). Take care on what you will use, preferably ask your pharmacist. Commonly used expectorants in sirops are thymus extract, fennel, honey, vitamin C.\n4.Liquorice: according to the bibliography, it is used the whole plant. Males, take care: it has an estrogen-like action, so don’t exaggerate in the use of this plant! I know that it is very tasty.\n5.Echinacea: the use is not just empirical; it is used not just in the prevention but also in the acute phase: there are some double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in patients with acute respiratory infections.\n6.Oligoelements, like Zn , for topical use can inhibit the rhinovirus activity.To be found in the pharmacy. Another solution could be sodium chloride 0.9%, for topical use. There are also some preparations on the base of distilled sea water, in the commerce.\n7.Garlic, probiotics and ginseng are used during the phase of prevention.\n  \nI will not specify any sites, there are a lot, for me every official site is O.K., included the site proposed, that is excellent and I will explore,too. \nOr maybe an example is always useful. This is the USDA site\nhttp://search.usda.gov/search?q=cache:zG9-qRuMqAwJ:http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/etext/ds_altmed.html+alternative+medicine&num=10&access=p&output=xml_no_dtd&ie=UTF-8&client=usda&oe=UTF-8&proxystylesheet=OC\nFrom my professional experience, I would like to recommend you to take care when you practice self-theraty. Herbal medicine is very popular today but sometimes there are some “secrets” hidden behind it, other than those shown in the 2nd link and they have to do with the geographical place where the plant is cultivated (soil, water for irrigation, weather), the time of harvesting of the plant, the purity of the essential oil, the GMP’s(good manufacturing practices) and sometimes also with the profit of the practitioner.\n\nI will finish this long discourse, saying what we often listen in our professional conferences. Whatever is car
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You could try the free AntiVir from http://www.free-av.com/
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help with keeping disease down, plus not wanting to be troubled with them all summer
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There are several alternative treatments that have been yielding encouraging evidence in controlling the virus.\n\nYou may visit the source website below for further description of these.
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Go to herbalhealer.com and read the testimonials of those who were cured using natural anti-virals like colloidal silver,olive leaf extract, grapefruit seed extract and oregano oil then make up your own mind good luck.
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Tisa, please research olive leaf extract, grapefruit seed extract, and most especially colloidal silver. These are very potent natural anti-virals/bacterials and can be taken for long periods without problems. The silver especially can be used topically and orally and is proven to kill over 650 types of viruses,bacteria,yeasts, and fungi. I get my silver from herbalhealer.com at 500ppm concentration which is the best for killing germs. I wish you good luck!
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kills fish and other bacteria
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I had at one time raised shrimp, one good website is http://www.seafdec.og, its the South East Asia Fishery Development Center where most of the asian aquacutlure are research, you can also do search text using keywords like "shrimp" "shrimp culture" "aquaculture".\n\nThere are fresh water shrimp and salt water shrimp, they can be distinguish from their shell color, salt water shrimp usually are darker in color or have dark ring like the tiger prawns.\n\nShrimp does not reproduce under culture condition, they reproduce only in wild condition or non culture condition, they only way you can have the female shrimp to molt or reproduce under culture condition is to pinch or prick the left eye, and molting will occurs.\n\nShrimp by the way are cannibalistic in nature, they eat one another including their eggs or fingerlings [baby]. In an aquaculture environment, if they are not properly feed, they will result to eating one another to survive, like the crabs. Shrimp under aquaculture are feed twice a day.\n\nOne more thing, shrimp discharge their waste through their head, not on the tail, which is why when you cook shrimp, on the head side you will find brownish things that are sweet in taste high in protein, those are fecal matter, not toxic, but high in protein and cholesterol.\n\nHope this helps.
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A good probiotc will help. But grape seed extract will probably cure it. check with me if you have questions
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http://www.post-polionetwork.org.au/news/ppn29.html   This association might help although it is in Australia.\n\nAny good reputable text book should give adquate information on the management of this disease.
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Use desinfectant or hot water. If you mean killing a virus in your body there is no cure for any viral disease.
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You can try using ponds whitening cream.  I find it cheap yet very effective
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It is true that treating yourself with freezing kits will help the warts on the surface of the skin go away for awhile, but you really need to begin to attack the virus itself living underneath your skin. To prevent future outbreaks, try arming yourself with a DAILY vitamin regiment (not just when you have an outbreak). Taking a good multivitamin (like Men's One-A-Day or Centrum), vitamin C (about 2,000 to 4,000 mg DAILY **), vitamin E, astragalus, garlic (comes in odorless pill form),echinacea, vitamin B complex (at least 50 mg of each form of B-vitamin 3x daily), and zinc tablets(sold as lozenges and liquid form) will help boost your immune system and keep breakouts from occuring frequently. All these are sold at health food stores,such as GNC, or drugstores. Also healthy living  i.e. leafy greens, high fiber and protein, soluble fats, no trans fat, lots of water, low sugar and salt intake, exercising regularly, good amounts of rest...all of these things play an important role in your overall health and wellness and will ultimately help you to boost your immune system, which will help you fight infections and breakouts of warts.\n\n**The vitamin C should be taken throughout the course of the day, not at one time. You can take anywhere from 2,000 to 4,000 mg but you should only take as much as your body will allow. Start at 2,000 mg and gradually increase until you notice changes in your bowel movements (runny, diarrhea). Also get the vitamin C with ester. Ester helps your body absorb more of the vitamin, as vitamin C is water soluble and will be expelled in large quantity in your urine.
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Look up colloidal silver, olive leaf concentrate, and grapefruit seed extract online these are very potent natural\nanti virals. Go to herbalhealer.com for more info.
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Try sulphacetamide.  And I swear this works:  Put a few drops of breastmilk in the affected eye.