what is the hardest thing to heat up in the universe?
459966
Hydrogen has the highest known specific heat of 1.43 x 10^4  J/kg*K at a temperature of 25°C.
34255
I would have to say hot water.
44265
The starry night.  Heat from the surface of the earth can rise without clouds to keep it down.  It is called "radiational cooling.
519547
Most likely Energy in Joules. We need a context though.
880980
This is actually not an easy question! It depends on what you mean by temperature. Here on Earth, in our cozy blanket of air at one atmospheric pressure, we think of temperature as how hot something is. But on a microscopic level, that really means how vigorously molecules and atoms are bumping into each other. The faster they move, the harder they bump, and the higher the temperature. \n\nHowever, have you ever wondered why water at 70 degrees Centigrade might scald you, but air at that temperature won't? Air is less dense than water, so it carries less energy total even if the temperature is the same. The atoms are jiggling just as fast, but there are fewer of them. \n\nI bring this up because there can be ridiculously high temperatures in the Universe, but they don't mean much! For example, the Voyager probe measured a temperature of over one billion degrees in the magnetosphere of Uranus. Imagine! But really what it was measuring were particles moving extremely quickly. If you stood (well, floated) in Uranus' magnetosphere, you wouldn't suddenly vaporize. On the contrary, you'd freeze! The particles may be very very hot, but there simply aren't enough of them for them to heat you up. \n\nSo to answer your question, probably the hottest temperatures reached in the Universe today are in the cores of supernovae (stars that explode), or possibly in the mysterious gamma ray bursters, extremely energetic explosions the cause of which no one knows. But the hottest temperature of all time would have been the Big Bang: since it had all the matter and energy squeezed into one point, it must have had nearly infinite temperature! \n\nThere is no agreed-upon value, among physicists, for a maximum possible temperature. Under our current best-guess of a complete theory of physics, the maximum possible temperature is the Planck temperature, or 1.41679 ÃƒÆ’Ã¢â‚¬" 10^32 Kelvins. This translates to about a quarter of a hundred nonillion degrees Fahrenheit (2.5 x 10^32). However, it is common knowledge that our current theories of physics are incomplete, thus leaving open the possibility of still higher temperatures.\n\nThe answer a typical physicist gives to the question, "what is the highest possible temperature?" will depend on their implicit opinion of the completeness of our current set of physical theories. Temperature is a function of the motion of particles. If the speed of light is the universal speed limit, then a gas of maximum temperature may be defined as a gas whose atomic constituents are each moving at the speed of light. The problem is that attaining the speed of light in this universe is impossible; light speed is a quantity that may only be approached asymptotically. The more energy you put into a particle, the closer it gets to moving at light speed, though it never fully approaches it.\n\nAt least one scientist has proposed defining the maximum possible temperature as what we would get if we took all the energy in the universe and put it into accelerating the lightest possible particle we could find as closely as possible to the speed of light. If this is true, then discoveries about elementary particles and the size/density of the universe could be relevant to discovering the correct answer to the question this article addresses. If the universe is infinite, there may be no formally defined limit to the maximum possible temperature.\n\nEven though infinite temperature may be possible, it might be impossible to observe, therefore making it irrelevant. Under Einstein's theory of relativity, an object accelerated close to the speed of light gains a tremendous amount of mass. That is why no amount of energy can suffice to accelerate any object, even an elementary particle, to the speed of light - it becomes infinitely massive at the limit. If a particle is accelerated to a certain velocity near that of light, it gains enough mass to collapse into a black hole, making it i
416899
this question belongs in the earth sciences category.  this is not a question about astronomy.\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy\n\nyes, the answer is hardness.
1137612
Empty space itself cannot have a temperature, unless you mean some\nabstruse question about quantum vacuums.\n\nHowever, if you put a physical object into space, it will reach a\ntemperature that depends on how efficiently it absorbs and emits\nradiation and on what heating sources are nearby.  For example, an\nobject that both absorbs and emits perfectly, put at the Earth's\ndistance from the Sun, will reach a temperature of about 280 K or 7 C.\nIf it is shielded from the Sun but exposed to interplanetary and\ninterstellar radiation, it reaches about 5 K.  If it were far from all\nstars and galaxies, it would come into equilibrium with the microwave\nbackground at about 2.7 K.\n\nSpacecraft (and spacewalking astronauts) often run a bit hotter than\n280 K because they generate internal energy.  Arranging for them to\nrun at the desired temperature is an important aspect of design.\n\nSome people also consider the "temperature" of high energy particles\nlike the solar wind or cosmic rays or the outer parts of the Earth's\natmosphere.  These particles are not in thermal equilibrium, so it's\nnot correct to speak of a single temperature for them, but their\nenergies correspond to temperatures of thousands of kelvins or higher.\nGenerally speaking, these particles are too tenuous to affect the\ntemperature of macroscopic objects.  There simply aren't enough\nparticles around to transfer much energy.  (It's the same on the\nground.  There are cosmic rays going through your body all the time,\nbut there aren't enough to keep you warm if the air is cold.  The air\nat the Earth's surface is dense enough to transfer plenty of heat to\nor from your body.)
322590
You do not possibly have enough information to answer this question properly, you need to know, where it is at, how far from the sun, like the others said, is there a planet or any obstacle between it and the sun, what is it's current temp, so on and so on....here is something about tempature in space though\n\nEmpty space itself cannot have a temperature, unless you mean some abstruse question about quantum vacuums.\n\nHowever, if you put a physical object into space, it will reach a temperature that depends on how efficiently it absorbs and emits radiation and on what heating sources are nearby.  For example, an object that both absorbs and emits perfectly, put at the Earth's distance from the Sun, will reach a temperature of about 280 K or 7 C. If it is shielded from the Sun but exposed to interplanetary and interstellar radiation, it reaches about 5 K.  If it were far from all stars and galaxies, it would come into librium with the microwave background at about 2.7 K. Spacecraft (and spacewalking astronauts) often run a bit hotter than 280 K because they generate internal energy.
1137454
Great question!  And there is a absolute hot, at least for proponents of the Big Bang.  If all matter originated in one big event, at some point during that 'explosion' the maximum universal kinetic energy was reached, and that is as hot as things could get.  After this, the universe tends towards entropy, or a 'averaging out' of all available energy to a base level.  Right now you could call that the 'temperature' of space.  \n\nThe measurement of the kinetic energy of a molecule is relative, so 'absolute zero' is a observation made under local conditions.  Conceivably, under local conditions, one could accelerate some mass to the speed of light.  How to do it, or if it will ever be possible, don't ask me!
337589
that's a tough one... maybe you could come up with some way to boil it and trap the steam...
965136
40C is over 100F so i imagine that this is a question based on the thermal conductivity of the materials.\n\nThe order of thermal conductivity from high to low is:\nSand, Concrete, wood.  Because sand has the highest thermal conductivity it's temperature will be the highest and therefore the most uncomfortable.  If you've ever been on a beach on a hot day you will agree.
124587
I am going to take a guess and say the moon.\n\nNo, I am kidding, it's the Sun\n\nSolar energy can be converted in to electricity and heat.
1046417
The Sun is the closest star to Earth.\nThe sun is a huge mass of hot glowing gas.\nAt its visible surface the heat is over 5500*C  i.e. 10,000*F.\nInside calculations showed that its temperature is about 15 million degree C.  i.e. about 27 million degree F.
1045850
What in the universe are you talking about?
269371
There is no theoretical highest temperature, except that all matter would turn into pure energy at some point above 10^26 Kelvins. Beyond that, there is no absolute highest temperature.
569245
Everything in this universe emanates radiation, including your body. The only exception is objects that are already at absolute zero.
945938
endothermic because it takes in heat.