Why is water used as the standard for specific gravity?
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the specific gravity of water is 1.
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Properties of Fluids \nThe properties outlines below are general properties of fluids which are of interest in engineering. The symbol usually used to represent the property is specified together with some typical values in SI units for common fluids. Values under specific conditions (temperature, pressure etc.) can be readily found in many reference books. The dimensions of each unit is also give in the MLT system (see later in the section on dimensional analysis for more details about dimensions.) \n\nDensity \nThe density of a substance is the quantity of matter contained in a unit volume of the substance. It can be expressed in three different ways. \n\nMass Density \nMass Density, , is defined as the mass of substance per unit volume. \n\nUnits: Kilograms per cubic metre, (or ) \n\nDimensions:  \n\nTypical values: \n\nWater = 1000, Mercury = 13546 Air = 1.23, Paraffin Oil = 800. \n\n(at pressure =1.013and Temperature = 288.15 K.) \n\nSpecific Weight \nSpecific Weight , (sometimes , and sometimes known as specific gravity) is defined as the weight per unit volume. \n\nor \n\nThe force exerted by gravity, g, upon a unit volume of the substance. \n\n\nThe Relationship between g and  can be determined by Newton's 2nd Law, since \n\n\nweight per unit volume = mass per unit volume g\n\n\nUnits: Newton's per cubic metre, (or ) \n\nDimensions:. \n\nTypical values: \n\nWater =9814 , Mercury = 132943 , Air =12.07 , Paraffin Oil =7851  \n\n\nRelative Density \nRelative Density, , is defined as the ratio of mass density of a substance to some standard mass density. \n\nFor solids and liquids this standard mass density is the maximum mass density for water (which occurs at c) at atmospheric pressure. \n\n\n\nUnits: None, since a ratio is a pure number. \n\nDimensions: 1. \n\nTypical values: Water = 1, Mercury = 13.5, Paraffin Oil =0.8. \n\n\nViscosity \nViscosity, m, is the property of a fluid, due to cohesion and interaction between molecules, which offers resistance to sheer deformation. Different fluids deform at different rates under the same shear stress. Fluid with a high viscosity such as syrup, deforms more slowly than fluid with a low viscosity such as water. \n\nAll fluids are viscous, "Newtonian Fluids" obey the linear relationship \n\ngiven by Newton's law of viscosity. , which we saw earlier. \n\nwhere  is the shear stress, \n\nUnits ;  \n\nDimensions. \n\nis the velocity gradient or rate of shear strain, and has \n\nUnits: , \n\nDimensions  \n\n is the "coefficient of dynamic viscosity" - see below. \n\n\nCoefficient of Dynamic Viscosity \nThe Coefficient of Dynamic Viscosity, , is defined as the shear force, per unit area, (or shear stress ), required to drag one layer of fluid with unit velocity past another layer a unit distance away. \n\n \n\nUnits: Newton seconds per square metre, or Kilograms per meter per second,. \n\n(Although note that  is often expressed in Poise, P, where 10 P = 1 .) \n\nTypical values: \n\nWater =1.14  , Air =1.78  , Mercury =1.552 , \nParaffin Oil =1.9 . \n\n\nKinematic Viscosity \nKinematic Viscosity, , is defined as the ratio of dynamic viscosity to mass density. \n\n\n\nUnits: square metres per second,  \n\n(Although note that n is often expressed in Stokes, St, where St = 1 .) \n\nDimensions: . \n\nTypical values: \n\nWater =1.14  , Air =1.46  , Mercury =1.145  , \nParaffin Oil =2.375  .
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http://www.csgnetwork.com/specificgravliqtable.html list the density of "Gasoline, Vehicle" at 60 F 737.22 kg/cu.m\nThe density of pure water is  1000.00 so gasoline has a specific gravity of .73722\n\n4.54 liters is of water weighs 4.54 kg so 4.54 liters of gasoine will weig 4.54 x .73722 = 3.35 kg or 7.37 lbs.
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water is always flowing. there are currents within a stand-alone puddle. waves constantly crash onto a beach, proving there is no specific point in which they stop. They can go further under the right circumstances. The only reason they don't is due to angular force of gravity. gravity pulls all matter toward the core, including water. should land reach higher above the water's level, the water shall not overtake the land, unless as specified above. since land is solid, or several solid objects, and water is a fluid, land shall not dissolve quickly to a flat line as water does.
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Density is simply mass per unit volume.  The density of a substance is directly related to the atomic weight of the element composing it, ie., elements with higher atomic weight can be thought of as being “heavier”.   Another way of stating this is that equal volumes of two different substances have different densities because each different substance has a different mass (ie, atomic weight) and crystal structure.  There are many types of units which can be used to measure the mass of a substance (pounds, grams, etc.), just as there are many types of units which can be used to measure volume (cubic feet, cubic centimeters, etc.).  The standard units of measure for density are grams/cubic centimeter.  \n\nDifferent minerals or rocks can vary greatly in density, depending on their chemical make up.  Density is such a characteristic property of a substance that it may be used to identify the substance.  Geologists have found it useful to develop a system of comparing densities of different minerals or rocks by calculating a numerical value without units known as “specific gravity”.  The specific gravity is the weight of a substance compared to an equal volume of water.  Water is chosen as the substance for comparison because by definition it has a density of 1 gram per cubic centimeter (at 4o C), and also because it is such a common substance.  For example, compare the density of a rock like granite to water:  a cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds and a cubic foot of granite weighs 168 pounds.  The specific gravity of granite is:   168 / 62.5  =  2.7.   Granite is 2.7 times heavier than water.
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Yes, gravity exists near anything that has mass.  If you remove the air from a container, what's inside won't float.
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You need to know the specific gravity of the weight.  (Specific gravity is weight per unit of volume, typically expressed in grams per milliliter).  The specific gravity of water is generally accepted as 1 (meaning that it weighs 1 gram per milliliter).  The equation to determine volume of water displaced would be:\n\n[10g/(S.G. of the weight)] X 1 = Vol. of water displaced\n\nNotes:\nS.G. is short for Specific Gravity\n\nThe 1 in the equation is the S.G. of water.\n\nIn actuality, the S.G. of water varies with temperature, so you may need to adjust the S.G. of water to the correct value if the problem gives you that information.\n\nThe answer will be volume of water in grams.
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gravity and air resistance.
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The density is 0.357 g/mL. This is because specific gravity is the ratio of the density of the unknown liquid to the density of water, 1.0 g/mL.\n\nIf, say, you wanted to know the density of the liquid in pounds per gallon, you would multiply 0.357 by the density of water, which is 8.320 lb/gal
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Gravity is not uniform across the globe, but the differences are very low. Besides the differences due to latitude, there are even bigger differences during the day (tides). There are differences also due to elevation, topography and due to differences in the density of the underlying rocks. Geophysicists study all these different effects to determine Bouger Anomaly maps which is useful in locating low or high density bodies for mineral exploration, or many other applications.\n\nSo, your 5% difference in weight is probably due to variations in your weight, not due to differences in the gravity. Your body weight is affected by ingesting food, bowel movements, drinking water, or some degrees of dehydration. So if you are weighing yourself at the same time of the day and food or bowel depositions are not a factor, the humidity of the environment and water content of your body may be the explanation for this discrepancy.\nAnother important factor is the scale you use in both places should be properly calibrated.
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Because of buoyant force acting against our weight. The amount of the bouyancy is decided by the Archimedes principle according to which the force acting on us in the upward direction is determined by the amount of water displaced by us which indeed is equal in volume to the volume of the submerged part of our body. \n\nThe buoyant force acts upward and balances our weight so that the net force acting on our body becomes 0 and we feel weightlessness.
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water's chemical description is H2O, one atom of oxygen bound to two atoms of hydrogen. \n\n1). Pure water has a neutral pH of 7, which is neither acidic nor basic.\n\n2). Water is called the "universal solvent" because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid.\n\n3). Water is unique in that it is the only natural substance that is found in all three states -- liquid, solid (ice), and gas (steam) -- at the temperatures normally found on Earth.\n\nTypes of water\nI). Hard & soft water\nSoft water - Any water that does not contain a significant amount of dissolved minerals such as salts of calcium or magnesium.\nHard Water - water containing a high level of calcium, magnesium, and other minerals. Hard water reduces the cleansing power of soap and produces scale in hot water lines and appliances.\n\nII). Ground water & Surface water\nGround water - In hydrologic terms, water within the earth that supplies wells and springs; water in the zone of saturation where all openings in rocks and soil are filled, the upper surface of which forms the water table. Also termed Phreatic water.\n\nSurface water - Precipitation which does not soak into the ground or return to the atmosphere by evaporation or transpiration, and is stored in streams, lakes, wetlands, and reservoirs is surface water.
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So Archimedes was lying in one of those Greek bathhouses when he suddenly realized that (besides the rise in water level) he was FLOATING.\n\nThen he came up with his principle in buoyancy, that the weight of water displaced equals the weight of the buoyant object.  This has many uses in the calculations of forces and whether or not an object would float. (You would like to know if your boat can float before getting on, wouldn't you?)
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Yes, Gravity works everywhere, but there are some kinds of gas that result lighter than gravity so they float or even goes up.
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coefficient of friction and specific gravity
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a:  specific gravity is the ratio a subtances density compared to water or other reference material.  Density is weight per unit volume.\n\nb: mass is amount of substance, weight is the mass as it is affected by gravity.
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No, that is not true.  If you have a more dense metal, it may take more energy to heat it up, but that is because there is more mass.  Water has a very high specific heat, but it is definately less dense than metals.  I believe specific heat is determined by quantum mechanical properties.