What is the mechanism by which colloidal platinum nanoparticles kill cancer?
464780
I had not heard of that info before. \nI would advise you to do what I did - when you wonder about the scientific value of some data you found, run it through the NCBI database. It is the clearinghouse for scientific data. \nI queried "platinum nanoparticles cancer" and found 5 publications. It seems there are Phase I studies about platinum nanoparticles, the main advantage seems to be the drug delivery right to the tumor. However, there does NOT seem any data so far that would support any overwhelming optimism, even if the alternative community sees this differently.\nRead some of the article summaries yourself, they're quite interesting.
828483
I'm not a doctor or have any professional or eductional teachings of cancer. But I found out last year from the D.A.R.E. program at my son's school is that each time you smoke a cigarette, the chemicals that are in the smoke are drawn into your lungs and they adhere to the vili in the bronchial tubes. This tar substance lines the tubes and weighs heavy on the vili, hairlike tissue that is used to clean the air that enters the lung. The tar substance ends up lining the tubes and narrows them, like cholestrol in arteries, making the tubes smaller and smaller. This makes it harder for the lungs to inhale air and the lungs stop absorbing the oxygen they need to properly oxygenate the blood cells. Your lungs have to work harder to inhale oxygen and your blood cells carry less oxygen to all  the other organs. Also the tar substance will eventually close of some tubes all together and will less oxygen in the lung itself, lung tissue cells die off and are never replaced. Parts of your lung die, parts can't work properly and other parts form cancer cells.\n\nThis is part of the information that my son brought home from D.A.R.E. 2 years ago and I stopped smoking after reading this. I don't know how my damage my lungs are in or if I will end up with cancer some day from the 13 years of smoking I did do, but I do notice that I breath better, I don't cough or wease anymore and I have more energy. My son saved me.
1029974
More info is necessary.\nHow were the enzymes prepared and purified?\nWhat's your exact experiment?\nDo you see an increase in enzyme activity when you put both Ca and EDTA at the same time and if so at which molar ratio of the two effectors?\nDo you also see activation for each effector separately? How does it compare quantitatively to the effect of the combination of the effectors?\n\nMy wild guess would be that Ca+2 is an allosteric activator, EDTA removes another metal that was co-purified with the enzyme and the latter metal is an inhibitor. If  both have a positive effect on their own and an even higher when combined then it could be the case.\nAnother more extreme case is that EDTA removes the catalytic ion (if it can form a more stable complex than with Ca) and Ca takes its place. Then EDTA alone should kill the reaction while in combination with Ca have a positive effect. However this is a quite improbable scenario since enzymes usually have evolved for best performance and thus the enzyme would be expected to have the very common Ca+2 in the catalytic center to begin with, if Ca+2 aids the reaction more.
178433
The above is not complete. Don't have time to go into details, but check out this website:\n\nhttp://www.learner.org/channel/courses/biology/textbook/cancer/index.html\n\nI suggest reading the entire chapter if you don't have time for that, I suggest the section on Tumor Biology and the treatment section
908886
My understanding Cobalt 60 is more precise.  It is a new technology, not available everywhere.  Radium is use more universally.  Radiation therapy works best when the cancer is caught early.  Late discovery is more difficult.
273781
The platinum group or platinum metals is the collective name sometimes used for six chemical elements within the periodic table. These elements are all transition metals, lying in the d-block (groups 8, 9, and 10, periods 5 and 6 - in Mendeleev's original table, this area was called "Group VIII").\n\nThe six platinum metals are: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. They have similar physical and chemical properties, and tend to occur together in the same mineral deposits.
32651
It kills whatever it comes in contact with. Slowly, like Depleted Uranium or quickly, like 3 deployments with Depleted Uranium. So, it causes the cancer, then a heavy dose kills the cancer along with the flesh around the cancer.
179312
I have not heard anything being cured. It improved research regarding Parkinson's disease, Colonial cancer could be caused by virus, and general cancer cells.
210804
Both of these methods of inducing mutation cause breaks in replicating DNA.  This will especially effect cells undergoing mitosis - one of the charactaristics of cancer cells.  These breaks, in large enough quantities, will cause the cell to undergo apoptosis and die.  This is a method of using a charactaristic of cancer cells (frequent mitoses) to kill them without as much damage to non-cancerous cells.
347051
Because of the small size nano technology will help in making medicine/curing tools that is small enough to  flow in the blood streams and only kill harmful cells instead of healthy cells.This help not only physically but also mentalli because people doesn't really have to deal with that much of phisical pain such as injected , cut by surgery knifes etc but instead swallowing the necessary cure and thus aiding a much faster recovery.\nNanotechnology tools might also be used to study germs and how our immune system affect it whether inside our body or on the germs body concerned.
287462
Sure.  "Studies on the interaction of U(VI) with living cells, spores, heat-killed cells, and decomposed cells of Bacillus sphaericus by time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy show that different phosphate complexes are formed. Using fresh intact cells, the U(VI) is bound to organo-phosphate groups of the bacterial cells. With increasing age of the samples, the cells begin to lyse. During this process, inorganic phosphate is released and a uranyl phosphate precipitate is formed. The characterization of the released phosphate species by Raman spectroscopy and the uranyl phosphate complexes by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) has shown that the bacteria release H2PO4- during decomposition which leads to the formation of UO2(H2PO4)2."
834819
Without knowing what reaction you're trying to get, or everything else present, thats a difficult question to answer.\n\nIn a sense. you're forming a silver nitrate solution, but you have to knw all the spectator ions to know what reaction will actually occur.  The silver cation in solution needs to have a anion associated with it.  \n\nThe purpose may also have something to do with the variable solubilities of the silver compound that may be formed.  \n\nAnother potential reaction involves the nitrate as an oxidizing agent.
951512
Ancient Greek Mathematicians worked for years on trying to figure out how to square the circle.  It has been proved that the premise of the question was false (in Euclidean geometry); you can not square the circle (find the two integers whose ratio is pi).\n\nThe bottom line is that by asking an "impossible" question, you may spend quite a lot of time and energy searching for a non-existant answer.  So, define "isolated", define "very non-reactive" and define "hover".\nSo, let me rephrase your question: Can an atom of an element which interacts strongly with itself (to form the metallic state) be  isolated?  Answer:  it depends on what you mean by "isolated".\nWe certainly can separate it (using electrical or mechanical forces) from other atoms of its own kind. Q2: but will it interact with other atoms?A2 yes.Q3: hover? A3 "Hover"?  Doesn't that presume that the body you're talking about is 1) denser than air and 2) exerting a force to combat gravity??! A3a Or having a force exerted on it? Q3b yes, yes, the air molecules hit it around to keep it aloft!  Right? A3b So it DOES interact with the air molecules?  But forms no (by your assumptions) covalent bonds even though it was ripped out of a metallic bonding "home"...  I guess with a very inert gas atmosphere (helium), its possible.  But when it hits the wall of whatever its in it will probably stick, and being so much heavier than Helium it will most likely find its way to the bottom surface.  The problem is assuming that something that bonds (metallically) won't have a strong tendency to bond covalently.\nMercury, Hg, a toxic liquid metal at RT, has a very high vapor pressure (using special fluorescent lights you can "see" the mercury vaporizing from the surface of the liquid) and is fairly inert, but doesn't come off of a metal lattice so doesn't quite fit the bill.  Anyway, it will bounce around for quite a while before it reacts forming an amalgam or possibly being absorbed into your bloodstream and doing some neurological damage.  In general, metals are very reactive with oxygen, and I'm not sure there are any which won't (eventually) react with it unless the atoms find another way to stabilize themselves (say by forming a metal lattice).  Also, I'm not sure that Mercury vapor exists as isolated atoms, I seem to recall a paper on this recently...  Single atoms react to form a Octet in their valence shell, so outside of the nobel gasses, (not metals at normal pressures and temperatures) single atoms are not stable.  But for a while, an atom can and will bounce around.  Question:  If Xenon is heavier than air (check it!)  why isn't there more of it in the troposphere?\n\nKeep on asking the impossible questions!
895297
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology
756093
In a single replacement reaction, the more active metal will replace the less active one.  Such as:\n\nCuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) ----> ZnSO4 + Cu (s)\n\nTo the best of my knowledge,  Platinum will not replace Zinc in a sulfate solution:\n\nZnSO4 (aq) + Pt (s) ----> ZnSO4 (aq) + Pt (s) [No Reaction]\n\nPlatinum is often used as an electrode because it is difficult to replace by direct single replacement reactions.
355307
It isn't a very good control if your cells die before the experiment is complete.  More info is needed to get a more specific answer.
973442
It is the cross disciplinary study of merging nanotechnology and genetics; i.e using nanostructure to create nanometer size machine. For example, a nanosize red blood cell would be used to cure some ailments.