why are yawns contagious?
462731
Cover your mouth if you want to, but it won't keep the next guy from "catching" your yawn.\nContagious yawning is real, scientists say, and it's "probably programmed into us," according to Dr. William Broughton, director of the Sleep Disorders Center at the University of South Alabama Knollwood Hospital.\n\nThe action of a mouth opening is not what compels others to yawn, Broughton said. Studies have demonstrated that showing someone a photo of a wide-open mouth does not induce a yawn.\n\nConversely, holding a hand over the mouth while yawning doesn't prevent it from being contagious, Broughton said.\n\nContagious yawns appear "basically to be a visual response," Broughton said.\n\nBetween 40 and 60 percent of people who watch videos or hear talk about yawning also end up doing the deed, according to Nature News Service.\n\nResearchers from the State University of New York in Albany tested people to find out why some are susceptible to contagious yawning and deduced that self-aware or empathetic people are more likely to catch yawns, according to the news service.\n\n"Identifying with another's state of mind while they yawn may trigger an unconscious impersonation....The findings also explain why schizophrenics, who have particular difficulty in doing this, rarely catch yawns," Nature News Service reported.\n\nBroughton said contagious yawning may be a social phenomenon, allowing groups of humans to coordinate their times of sleep.\n\nRonald Baenninger, a professor in the psychology department at Temple University in Pennsylvania, has studied yawning and said that the contagiousness is the part we know the least about.\n\nOne hypothesis is that the phenomenon came about when ancestral humans lived in troops, and it was important for them to wake up at the same time. Yawning may have been a way for them to communicate the level of alertness among different group members, Baenninger said.\n\nToday, contagious yawning is just the result of evolution, an instinctive action, Baenninger said.\n\nThough other creatures yawn - including dogs, cats and even snakes - contagious yawning is a "purely human occurrence," Broughton said. It begins around age 2.\n\nBaenninger and his students conducted a study to see if the contagion works between species. The students went to the zoo to observe whether humans would yawn when the animals did. A few people yawned in response to a lion's yawn, but the lion never replicated the humans' behavior, Baenninger said.\n\nThere is some evidence that when one ape yawns, others will too, the professor said.\n\nBroughton said it's not clear what causes yawns. He defined yawning as "slow, involuntary gaping movements of the mouth," and said the word is derived from the Old English word ganien, which means "to gape."\n\nSpontaneous yawning begins in the embryonic stage, so it is not learned behavior, Broughton said.\n\nThe idea of a fetus yawning while in the womb goes along with the notion of the action being a way to prepare for something, Baenninger said.\n\nYawning appears to be associated with sleepiness, though the idea that it has to do with boredom is not necessarily true, Broughton said. It's an unconscious effort to keep your alertness level elevated, Baenninger said.\n\n"I'm a professor. All professors are used to having students yawn at them," Baenninger said. But the yawns are an attempt to stay awake, rather than an affront, he said.\n\nA few notions about why we yawn have been debunked: "Because breathing takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide, theories in the past about why we yawn centered on the assumption that it was a reflex in response to low oxygen or high carbon dioxide levels," writes Dr. Robert H. Shmerling, an associate physician at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and an associate professor at Harvard Medical School.\n\n"This theory lost favor
537048
Because according to psychology, they are sympathetic responses.  Its funny that in a test, people who didn't yawn after seeing others yawn were found to be anti-social.
414151
What's behind this mysterious epidemic of yawning? First, let's look at what a yawn is. Yawning is an involuntary action that causes us to open our mouths wide and breathe in deeply. We know it's involuntary because we do it even before we are born. Research shows that 11-week-old fetuses yawn. \n\nThere are many parts of the body that are in action when you yawn. First, your mouth opens and jaw drops, allowing as much air to be taken in as possible. When you inhale, the air taken in is filling your lungs. Your abdominal muscles flex and your diaphragm is pushed down. The air you breath in expands the lungs to capacity and then some of the air is blown back out. \n\nWhile the dictionary tells us that yawning is caused by being fatigued, drowsy or bored, scientists are discovering that there is more to yawning than what most people think. Not much is known about why we yawn or if it serves any useful function, and very little research has been done on the subject. However, there are several theories about why we yawn. Here are the three most common theories: \n\n\nThe Physiological Theory -- Our bodies induce yawning to drawn in more oxygen or remove a build-up of carbon dioxide. This theory helps explain why we yawn in groups. Larger groups produce more carbon dioxide, which means our bodies would act to draw in more oxygen and get rid of the excess carbon dioxide. However, if our bodies make us yawn to drawn in needed oxygen, wouldn't we yawn during exercise? Robert Provine, a psychologist at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, and a leading expert on yawning, has tested this theory. Giving people additional oxygen didn't decrease yawning and decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide in a subject's environment also didn't prevent yawning. \nThe Evolution Theory -- Some think that yawning is something that began with our ancestors, who used yawning to show their teeth and intimidate others. An offshoot of this theory is the idea that yawning developed from early man as a signal for us to change activities. \nThe Boredom Theory -- In the dictionary, yawning is said to be caused by boredom, fatigue or drowsiness. Although we do tend to yawn when bored or tired, this theory doesn't explain why Olympic athletes yawn right before they compete in their event. It's doubtful that they are bored with the world watching them. \nThe simple truth is that even though humans have been yawning for possibly as long as they have existed, we have no clue as to why we do it. Maybe it serves some healthful purpose. It does cause us to draw in more air and our hearts to race faster than normal, but so does exercise. There's still much we don't understand about our own brains, so maybe yawning is triggered by some area of the brain we have yet to discover. We do know that yawning is not limited to man. Cats, dogs, even fish yawn, which leads us back to the idea that yawning is some form of communication. \n\nHave we provoked a yawn out of you yet? If we have, hopefully it's not out of boredom, but by the power of suggestion.
441827
See the article in the site below.  It tells you why we yawn and gives evidence to support the theory that yawning is "contagious" because "as social creatures we are highly inclined to copy one another."\n\nThe article starts by saying that a good trick to see if anyone is checking you out is to yawn and see if anyone else yawns back!  \n\nHope this helps...
967357
The answer is, no one really knows why yawning is "contagious". Or why we yawn at all. One popular explanation is that yawning allows you to get rid of too much carbon dioxide in your system and increase your oxygen supply. This was disproved by Dr. Robert Provine and his research team in 1987.\n\nNow scientists are wondering if yawning is from our deep past -- part of our evolutionary history. Did a yawn signal to the group that it was time for everyone to retire to the trees and snooze? Did a yawn signal that we were all feeling cozy and warm about each other? Did a yawn signal something more like, "Gee, I know how you're feeling, I feel that way too."\n\nBetween 40 and 60 percent of the population seems to find yawning contagious. Researchers at the State University of New York conducted a series of yawning experiments. They determined that being self-aware (the ability to recognize oneself) and having the ability to see things from someone else's viewpoint means a person is more likely to find yawning contagious.\n\nNow you're thinking, what humans are not self-aware? Schizophrenics sometimes have trouble with self-recognition so they will not find yawning contagious. Babies won't yawn contagiously until they're more than a year old.\n\nSome birds and reptiles yawn. Most mammals yawn. My dog yawns, but that doesn't make me yawn -- I obviously cannot put myself in her paw prints. (But who can empathize with a creature that sleeps all day, then when she does bother to get up and join you on a walk, suddenly bolts after a squirrel and nearly tears your arm out of your socket? I have no idea what's going on in that dog's mind.)\n\nChimpanzees yawn too, and in fact, if they watch other chimps yawn, they're more likely to yawn too.\n\nSo, I guess the real answer is: who knows?
355807
It is possible that yawns are contagious because at one time in evolutionary history, the yawn served to coordinate the social behavior of a group of animals. When one member of the group yawned to signal an event, all the other members of the group also yawned. Yawns may still be contagious these days because of a leftover response (a "vestigial" response) that is not used anymore. None of this has been proven true and yawns are still one of the mysteries of the mind.
662014
This came up in my sister's wildlife biology class--in the wild, animals that live in herds do something similar to a yawn when everything is peaceful and there is no danger lurking (like lions), and the yawn passes from one animal to the next as a signal.  Apparently the biological urge is in humans as well--maybe we are passing along that we are relaxed and not feeling threatened.
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(1)"Virtually any stimulus associated with yawns -- including viewing, reading about, and even thinking about, yawning -- evokes yawns. (Are you yawning yet?) Yawning spreads in a chain reaction through a group, a compelling example of human herd behavior and a reminder that we are not always in conscious control of our actions. The urge to replicate an observed yawn is clearly an automatic response triggered by our brains.\n\nStudies partially explain the reason for yawning. Although we yawn more when sleepy or bored, it is unclear whether yawning increases alertness. And scientific evidence refutes one of the most popular myths of yawning? that it happens in response to low oxygen or high carbon dioxide levels in the blood or brain. Test subjects do not yawn more when breathing air with enhanced levels of carbon dioxide nor do they yawn less when breathing pure oxygen. One fact explains a lot of apparently inconsistent data. People yawn most during behavioral transitions, such as just after waking and shortly before bedtime. Yawning may help facilitate those changes. Contagious yawning may synchronize a group's behavior so that, for instance, a whole family goes to sleep together."\n\n(2)  "Professor Andrews told Scientific American yawns may be contagious because we human animals are trying to communicate changing environmental conditions to others, possibly as a way to synchronize behavior. Obviously, this would be one of those caveman-type mechanisms that is no longer needed that our bodies remember and still do.\n\nWhen we yawn, we draw in more oxygen and remove a build-up of carbon dioxide. Larger groups produce more carbon dioxide. So one theory holds that we yawn when we're in large groups of people to purge the carbon dioxide--and in so doing, we set off a chain reaction. But Robert Provine, a psychologist at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, tested the theory and says it's bunk. Giving people additional oxygen didn't decrease yawning and decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide in a subject's environment also didn't prevent yawning, notes the How Stuff Works Web site.\n\nWhatever the reason for yawns being contagious, How Stuff Works reports that 55 percent of people will yawn within five minutes of seeing someone else yawn. In addition, blind people will yawn after hearing others yawning. And we're sure that reading and writing about yawns is enough to induce one!"
1051186
When a person yawns it is usually due to the lack of oxygen to the brain. When we see a person yawning our brain interprets  it as low level of oxygen in the air.As a result we yawn.
449198
Not contagious but we are affected by an others yawning. This is called "Alolomimea" funny name but its what its called. Scientists believe that the reason we react to other people yawning is because in our early history ("caveman times") we needed to regulate our sleeping patterns so we could all survive together. Kinda like one for all and all for one deal. So if one of our cavemen buddies was tired we would all need to rest so we could all effectively hunt as a unit. It served  us as a natural "hey dude im tired lets take a break so we can hunt better and not die" It's a true story!
346467
Yawns are not contagious, its an urban legend. Watch 'Mythbusters' on the Discovery channel.
17567
Yawning is one of those bodily mysteries that scientists haven't completely figured out yet.  The best theory I could find was that you yawn because you're not getting enough oxygen to the brain (maybe there is a lack of oxygen in the space you're standing).  Whenever you're aware of someone yawning, it activates a reaction in your subconscious mind that acts as a threat response.  Basically, whenever you see someone yawn, it makes you body think there is a shortage of oxygen too, and you yawn in response.  No one knows if this is actually the case, but I think that it is a good theory.
339257
Yeah, the previous answers are right - lack of oxygen to the brain.\n\nBut the big question is why are yawns contagious? Even experts don't know that.
936410
because your brain thinks the other person is stealing all the air so makes you yawn to try and get some yourself, therefore staying alive.\n\nThere's also that it's merely the power of suggestion.\n\nFound this also http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061031003314AAoMMUh
198710
When you yawn, you are attempting to take in as much air as possible, more oxygen gives more energy.  People in the immediate area are in competition for this air too and yawn as a response to retrieve air themselves
204275
Yawning or "pandiculation," is still pretty much a mystery to psychologists. (I just asked a friend in the trade.) Aside from the obvious observations of how it's related to boredom and how it gets "contagious" after a certain period of development in people, there isn't that much information on it. Sorry. (Hey, this is info from an old friend, so you might want to check newer sources.)
922965
THE TRUTH IS that we don’t completely understand why people, or animals for that matter, yawn. It’s widely assumed that yawning occurs because we are tired or bored or because we see someone else doing it, but there isn’t any hard evidence to support these beliefs.\n\nThe most plausible explanation, and the one that is taught in medical school, is that we yawn because oxygen levels in our lungs are low. Studies have shown that during normal, at-rest breathing, we don’t use anywhere near our lung capacity; for the most part, we just use the air sacs at the bottom of the lungs. If the air sacs, called alveoli, don’t get fresh air, they partially collapse and the lungs stiffen a bit. As a result, it’s believed, our brain prompts the body to either sigh or take a yawn to get more air into the lungs\nalso when we someone else yawn if someone else yawns, we are naturally competitive so if someone else is getting more oxygen, our body wants more.