Who introduced the theory of red tide?
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Here are two papers written by Nerlie Abram, and one by Nerlie and a group of scientists, all  cover the threat to coral reefs posed by red tide and the theories on how wildfires contribute to the growth of red tide.\n\nNerlie Abram\n\nPhD student (final year) Research School of Earth Sciences,\n\n : THE NEW THREAT TO CORAL REEFS \n\nSmoke from fires raging through tropical forests near coastal reefs can cause an algal bloom capable of killing virtually all coral and fish for hundreds of kilometres, according to new research by Australian National University scientists.\n\nThis discovery explains the mysterious death of nearly all coral and fish in a 400 kilometre stretch of the Mentawai Islands reef, southwest of Sumatra in Indonesia, in 1997.\n\nIn a paper published in the latest issue of Science, a team of ANU researchers reveal that nutrients in smoke from the 1997 Indonesian wildfires produced a large algae bloom, known as a red tide, that suffocated the reef ecosystem – over a distance equivalent to around a quarter of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef.\n\nBy examining the skeletal growth and geochemistry of Porites corals, researchers led by Ms Nerilie Abram, were able to track the environmental factors which led to the red tide. In examining fossilised corals, they found the red tide had been the worst in 7000 years.\n\n“This was an extreme event and almost six years on, the reefs still haven’t recovered,” says Nerilie. “We fear that future fires could further damage the reefs before they can recover.” \n\nThe researchers found that thick smoke from the 1997 Sumatra fires released almost 11,000 tonnes of iron into the atmosphere. The iron acted as a fertiliser, increasing water nutrient levels and providing the extraordinary conditions which led to the red tide algal bloom. The bloom led to reef death by asphyxiation.\n\nCores from rare corals that survived the 1997 red tide showed a clear hiatus in growth at the time of the fires.\n\n“When fires burn they release nutrients and this study has shown that these nutrients can create serious problems for coral reefs.”\n\n“Indonesia’s reefs are the most diverse in the world and are an important source of new corals that help to rejuvenate Australia’s coral reefs.  They are estimated to generate approximately US$4 billion a year in tourism, fishing and employment for Indonesia.” \n\n“Unfortunately they are also among the most threatened reefs in the world and conservation projects are of high-priority.”\n\n"It is expected that this new threat to coral reefs and other coastal ecosystems will increase in the future as global warming and forest clearing lead to more wildfires."\n\nNerilie is presenting her research to the public for the first time thanks to Fresh Science, a national program to bring public attention to the remarkable unsung achievements of young Australian scientists. Nerilie will be speaking to the public and school students about her work on Tuesday 19 and Wednesday 20 August at the Melbourne Museum.\n\n \n\nNerlie Abram\n\nPhD student (final year) Research School of Earth Sciences,\n\nFire: the new threat to coral reefs\nCoral reef death during the 1997 Indian Ocean Dipole linked to Indonesian wildfires \n\nFires represent a new and unexpected threat to coral reefs.  It has been found that the nutrients released by wildfires can produce large algae blooms in the ocean that suffocate fish and coral.  Global warming has seen a recent increase in wildfires and this trend is expected to continue, raising the future risk to coral reefs.\n\nProject description \nCoral reefs, the so-called “rainforests of the sea”, are being threatened by fire.  That is the finding of scientists working at the Australian National University.\n\nOver recent years, global warming has combined with forest clearing to produce some of the worst wildfires in history.  In 1997 the wildfires in Indonesia burnt out of control for over five months, bl
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Sorry this is not a question.  Please rephrase so we can figure out what it is that you want to know.  I hope this helps you.\n\nJohann Christian Andreas Doppler (November 29, 1803 in – March 17, 1853) was an Austrian mathematician and physicist, most famous for the hypothesis of what is now known as the Doppler effect which causes the frequency of a wave to apparently change as its source moves toward or away from the observer.
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absolutely dinoflagellates...they cause red tide
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Luis Alvarez is the scientist who proposed the theory you mention.\n\nAlan Hildebrand was the first scientist to identify the impact site. In 1990 he found the ancient crater off the Yucatan Peninsula, near Chicxulub, Mexico.\n\nThis website for confirmation and more details --> http://web.ukonline.co.uk/a.buckley/dino.htm\n\nGod is spelled B-I-G B-A-N-G\nPBrax@netscape.com
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Tidal forces are based on the gravitational attractive force. The relationship between the masses of the Earth, moon and sun and their distances to each other play critical roles in affecting tides.  \n \nGravity is one major force that creates tides. In 1687, Sir Isaac Newton explained that ocean tides result from the gravitational attraction of the sun and moon on the oceans of the earth (Sumich, J.L., 1996).\n\nNewton’s law of universal gravitation states that the gravitational attraction between two bodies is directly proportional to their masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the bodies (Sumich, J.L., 1996; Thurman, H.V., 1994). Therefore, the greater the mass of the objects and the closer they are to each other, the greater the gravitational attraction between them (Ross, D.A. 1995).\n\nThe moon is a major influence on the Earth’s tides, but the sun also generates considerable tidal forces. Solar tides are about half as large as lunar tides and are expressed as a variation of lunar tidal patterns, not as a separate set of tides. When the sun, moon, and Earth are in alignment (at the time of the new or full moon), the solar tide has an additive effect on the lunar tide, creating extra-high high tides, and very low, low tides—both commonly called spring tides. One week later, when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other, the solar tide partially cancels out the lunar tide and produces moderate tides known as neap tides. During each lunar month, two sets of spring tides and two sets of neap tides occur (Sumich, J.L., 1996).\n\nJust as the angles of the sun, moon and Earth affect tidal heights over the course of a lunar month, so do their distances to one another. Because the moon follows an elliptical path around the Earth, the distance between them varies by about 31,000 miles over the course of a month. Once a month, when the moon is closest to the Earth (at perigee), tide-generating forces are higher than usual, producing above-average ranges in the tides. About two weeks later, when the moon is farthest from the Earth (at apogee), the lunar tide-raising force is smaller, and the tidal ranges are less than average. A similar situation occurs between the Earth and the sun. When the Earth is closest to the sun (perihelion), which occurs about January 2 of each calendar year, the tidal ranges are enhanced. When the Earth is furthest from the sun (aphelion), around July 2, the tidal ranges are reduced (Sumich, J.L., 1996; Thurman, H.V., 1994).
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Archimedes discovered the law of bouyancy. It states: on everybody emersed in water (or fluid in general) there acts an upward force with magnitude equal to the wieght of displaced water/fluid.\n\nthere are 3 scenarios for a body in water:\n\n1. floats on the surface; gravity of the body equals bouyancy and equals exactly the amount of weight of the displaced water\n\n2. the body is entirely emersed in water; again gravity = bouyancy\n\n3. the body sank; gravity = boyancy + normal reaction of the floor.\n\n\nIt helps you to swim. It it easier to swim in salty water(a sea or ocean) than in unsalty water(lake or swiming pool) because the salt water is heavier and therefoce the upward bouyancy force is large.\n\nThe mith goes that Archimedes was in the bath tab when discovered the law we name after him. He was excited, run out naked yeliing "Eurika, Eurika." So this phrase now is always linked with a discovery of some kind.\n\nHappy swimming!
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Union Admiral at the Battle of Mobile Bay during the American Civil War.\n\n"Damn the Torpedoes! Full Speed Ahead!"\n\nYou could always Google it yourself.......
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None, Zero was invented by Indian Mathematician Aryabhata and later Brahmagupta developed its concept
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The concepts of ebb and flow has a lot of contexts. Strictly speaking, the incoming tide is called a flow and the outgoing is called the ebb.\n\nTides on earth are caused by gravitional attraction with primarily the moon and to a lesser degree the sun. Water attracted to the moon is raised above the mean tidal level much like a bulge and the earth spins underneath this bulge. High tide corresponds to the highest point of the this tidal bulge and low tide is roughly 12 hours opposite.
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Scientific theories behind the origins of sea salt started with Sir Edmond Halley in 1715, who proposed that salt and other minerals were carried into the sea by rivers, having been leached out of the ground by rainfall runoff. Upon reaching the ocean, these salts would be retained and concentrated as the process of evaporation (see Hydrologic cycle) removed the water. Halley noted that of the small number of lakes in the world without ocean outlets (such as the Dead Sea and the Caspian Sea, see endorheic basin), most have high salt content. Halley termed this process "continental weathering".\n\nHalley's theory is partly correct. In addition, sodium was leached out of the ocean floor when the oceans first formed. The presence of the other dominant element of salt, chloride, results from "outgassing" of chloride (as hydrochloric acid) with other gases from Earth's interior via volcanos and hydrothermal vents. The sodium and chloride subsequently became the most abundant constituents of sea salt.\n\nOcean salinity has been stable for millions of years, most likely as a consequence of a chemical/tectonic system which recycles the salt. Since the ocean's creation, sodium is no longer leached out of the ocean floor, but instead is captured in sedimentary layers covering the bed of the ocean. One theory is that plate tectonics result in salt being forced under the continental land masses, where it is again slowly leached to the surface.
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The Red Sea got its name from a phenomenon caused by a type of algae called Trichodesmium Erythraeum, which is found in the sea. When these algae blooms die off the blue-green color of sea appears to change to reddish-brown color. \n\nIt's not always red, just when the algae dies off.
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*Wandering into this topic as well* Hope you dun mind oh Giggly one, but you do ask some very interesting questions...\n\nKK If this planet had two moons, mind you this is conjecture as a lot is still theory in the scientific community.\n\nTides would differ from the 12 hour pattern we currently have.\nThe influence of the Moon's gravity upon the Earth is the primary source of our ocean tides. Newton had found that the attractive force of an object is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects. This is known as the inverse square law. The first to apply this law to the question of tides was the Marquis de Leplace (1749-1827). http://www.christa.org/moon.htm\nHow they differ would depend on the mass of each moon and where they were in orbit.  It could be anything from 6 hours from between high tides. (if the moons were on opposite sides of orbit and same general mass) or our tides might even be doubled in size (if the moons were in close proximity of each other). IE real and regular tidal waves, not tsunami's\nThis part is pretty much proven by scientific observations...\n\nWhat is not yet proven but is rather plausible is that most likely we would have less of an atmosphere to breath. The theory is as our atmosphere formed; gravity of the moon as it orbited cause some of the lighter gases to bleed off. More gravity, more loss of gasses...\n\nAnd lastly, but a simple observation (wolf like I know, but concider the source), wouldn't that be simply just beautiful?
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The first person I thought of was Gregor Mendel, but everyone already pretty much knew that plants were alive already, he just showed that they have genetics.
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you are rght about aristotle as it was Pythagoras (you know the theorem) 570 BC who hypothesised the curvature of the earth and the heavenly bodies,later the most notable writers on the positioning and behaviour of the planets were copernicus, gallaleio, kepler and newton
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You have to start with Anton van Leeuwenhoek. This Dutchman was the first man to use a microscope to view water and saw the small animals living there. He is called the father of microbiology according to wikipedia.
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Tides are periodic rises and falls of large bodies of water. Tides are caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth and the Moon. The gravitational attraction of the moon causes the oceans to bulge out in the direction of the moon. Another bulge occurs on the opposite side, since the Earth is also being pulled toward the moon (and away from the water on the far side). Since the earth is rotating while this is happening, two tides occur each day. \n\nIsaac Newton (1642 -1727) was the first person to explain tides scientifically. His explanation of the tides (and many other phenomena) was published in 1686, in the second volume of the Principia.
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Dr. Jeorge valvus in the year 1872, when they had to construct an irrigation system for a sugar can plantation and in the process this man invented the valve.\n\ngood luck.