11.What does it mean if a same sized DNA fragment is present in an undigested DNA lane and in a digestedlane?
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I'm guessing that you are seeing multiple bands in the digested lane, one of which is the same as the undigested control lane, this is because the digestion reaction wasn't allowed to go to completion. You are seeing the products of the digestion reaction and some of the original undigested fragment. Let the reaction go longer.
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DNA is an abbreviation for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. \n A piece of a chromosome that dictates a particular trait is called a gene. \n Each DNA strand is 10 atoms wide. \n The DNA stands in your body stretched out would be about 500 million miles long. \n There are so many millions of base pairs in each person's DNA that every person has a different sequence
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Once you put a current across the gel, the DNA is carried through the gel due to its negative charge.  If a mixture of different sized pieces of DNA are loaded, they will be separated based on their size; smaller pieces will travel faster than larger ones.
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Chromosome Terms before and after DNA Duplication (Replication)\nNote: Duplication and replication mean exactly the same thing.\n• An unduplicated chromosome is one chromosome. A chromosome more or\nless consists of two arms that extend from a narrow "centralized" region called\nthe centromere. The centromere region is often visible when chromosomes\nduplicate.\n• When a chromosome duplicates, it becomes one duplicated chromosome,\nand the two copies remain attached to each other. Note it is still one\nchromosome.\n• The two exact copies of the duplicated chromosome, which remain attached by\nthe protein cohesin, are called "sister" chromatids. They are identical to\neach other. It is essential that you remember this!\n• At the centromere region of the duplicated chromosome, structures (made of\nprotein and DNA) called kinetochores form during division. The three-layered\nkinetochores attach to microtubules of the spindle during mitosis. The\nkinetochores of the two sister chromatids face in opposite directions.\nKinetochore – TEM\n• After the identical sister chromatids are separated during mitosis, each (called\na "daughter" chromosome now) becomes a single unduplicated chromosome\nagain.\nRemember: A chromatid must be attached to its identical chromatid and the two sister\nchromatids comprise one duplicated chromosome. "Sister" chromatids are not two\nchromosomes. They are one duplicated chromosome that consists of two identical\nchromatids. Once sister chromatids are separated they are no longer chromatids!
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the gel is like a matrix which offers reistance to the fragments of dna.  the dna has polarity which means it will be effected by electric current.  when the electricity passes through the gel and the wells with the sample, it picks up bits of the dna and carries it toward the other end of the gel.  smaller pieces hit less resistance from the gel and travel quicky.  larger pieces hit more resitance and travel slowly.  \n\nusually there will be a control or a ladder that will travel along at the same time.  you can compare the distance your dna fragments travel to the ladder and you'll know aproximately how many base pairs are in each band.
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agarose forms a matrix the DNA or RNA fragments have to pass through when the current is applied.  the longer the nucleic acid fragments the harder it is to pass though the gel so the fragments seperate by size.
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The PCR process consists of a series of twenty to thirty cycles. Each cycle consists of three steps \n\n The double-stranded DNA has to be heated to 94-96°C in order to separate the strands. This step is called denaturing; it breaks apart the hydrogen bonds that connect the two DNA strands. Prior to the first cycle, the DNA is often denatured for an extended time to ensure that both the template DNA and the primers have completely separated and are now single-strand only. Time: 1-2 minutes.\n\n\nAfter separating the DNA strands, the temperature is lowered so the primers can attach themselves to the single DNA strands. This step is called annealing. The temperature of this stage depends on the primers and is usually 5°C below their melting temperature (45-60°C). A wrong temperature during the annealing step can result in primers not binding to the template DNA at all, or binding at random. Time: 1-2 minutes.\n\nFinally, the DNA-Polymerase has to fill in the missing strands. It starts at the annealed primer and works its way along the DNA strand. This step is called extension. The extension temperature depends on the DNA-Polymerase. The time for this step depends both on the DNA-Polymerase itself and on the length of the DNA fragment to be amplified. As a rule-of-thumb, 1 minute per 1000bp.\n\n\nRestriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) is a technique in which organisms may be differentiated by analysis of patterns derived from cleavage of their DNA. If two organisms differ in the distance between sites of cleavage of a particular restriction endonuclease, the length of the fragments produced will differ when the DNA is digested with a restriction enzyme. The similarity of the patterns generated can be used to differentiate species (and even strains) from one another.
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B) RNA is found only inside the nucleus, whereas DNA is found only outside the nucleus.\n\nIn order for the statement to be true, the subjects (RNA & DNA) should be switched.
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Remember this: \n\nRNA (A, U, G, C)\nDNA (T, A, C, G)\n\nDNA has sequence: T-C-A-T-C-G \nmRNA would be c) : A-G-U-A-G-C
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Stain with ethidium bromide (careful, its a carcinogen) and photograph under uv light.\n\nMeasure the migration of the bands and those of the size reference.  Plot the migration of the size reference on semi-log paper and use the resulting curve to detemine the size of your plasmid fragments.
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The answer to your question depends on whether you are referring to mitosis or meiosis.  I assume (since you specified Metaphase II) that you want to know about meiosis.  If this is the case, than a cell in metaphase II contains approximately the same mass of DNA as a cell in G1.  However, if you are talking about mitosis, than the cell in metaphase II (i.e. true metaphase, not prometaphase) will have approximately twice the mass of DNA than a cell in G1 would have.
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Well, DNA can be found anywhere where cells are present.  This could be in the form of skin, tissue, blood, other body fluids.  One thing to take note of is just because cells are present doesn't mean you neccessarily have  DNA because DNA can degrade over time and depending on other circumstances such as temperature.   Once a substance presumed to contain DNA, the DNA would be isolated via a procedure.  The DNA may also be amplified with a PCR machine.  This DNA would then be compared to the suspect's DNA (which would be obtained through a blood sample or saliva).  It is a very complicated process and takes a lot longer to get a result than what you would see on CSI
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It's D-Deoxyribose\n     N-Nucliec\n     A-Acid\n  It is present in the cells of all multicellular living beings.It has genetic codes due to which your body knows what to perform so that u would be alive.For instance,the dna in the cells of your stomach have the infortion that they should dissolve all the food that comes there and secrete gastric juice bla vla bla...\n   I am sure u understanf what is DNA.
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They get DNA from nucleated cells like white blood cells (in blood and saliva) and epithelial cells (in saliva). They lyze the cells to free the DNA, centrifuge and take the fraction with the DNA, treat and amplify or multiply the DNA fragments, put markers or specific labels, determine the presence and amount of this marked or labeled fragments, and compare the distribution with known samples or DNA database. DNA results are usually one page long.
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Plasmid vectors are small circular molecules of double stranded DNA derived from natural plasmids that occur in bacterial cells. A piece of DNA can be inserted into a plasmid if both the circular plasmid and the source of DNA have recognition sites for the same restriction endonuclease.\n\nThe plasmid and the foreign DNA are cut by this restriction endonuclease (EcoRI in this example) producing intermediates with sticky and complementary ends. Those two intermediates recombine by base-pairing and are linked by the action of DNA ligase. A new plasmid containing the foreign DNA as an insert is obtained. A few mismatches occur, producing an undesirable recombinant.\n\nhttp://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/inserting.html
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Sequencing is so cheap these days, you'd rarely have to do this kind of thing in real life...\n\nThe key to notice is that your paternal version has a cut site 7 bases in, that your maternal doesn't.\n\nIt looks like your probe sits on the end bit, just after a second cut site, shared by both.  So your probe will stick equally well to the DNA from both alleles.  \n\nSo I don't see how that probe helps.
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Do you have any more information about the sequence? You need to know how many HaeIII digest sites there are in the sequence that you are digesting.  A digest site is a sequence of several (usually 4-6 nucleotides) that the restriction enzyme (in this case HaeIII) recognizes and digests.  You also need to know if the DNA you are digesting is linear or circular.  If the DNA you are digesting is linear the number of fragments after digestion is equal to the number of digest sites + 1 (ex. if there are 3 digest sites you will get 4 fragments) and that is the number of bands you will see on a gel.  If the DNA you are digesting is circular the number of fragments (and bands you see on the gel) is equal to the number of digest sites (ex. if you have 3 digest sites, the DNA will be cut into 3 fragments).