What are the symbols in the Carbon family? How do you fill out Atomic Shells?
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C                    1s2 2s2 2p2\nSi                   1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2\nGe                   (Ar) 4s2 3d10 4p2\nSn                   (Kr) 5s2 4d10 5p2\nPb                   (Xe) 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2\n\nConsult a good chemistry book.
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protons is the atomic number\nvalence electrons corresponds to this:\nGroup 1 (I) (alkali metals) :1\nGroup 2 (II) (alkaline earth metals) :2\nGroups 3-12 (transition metals) :1 or 2\nGroup 13 (III) (boron group) :3\nGroup 14 (IV) (carbon group) :4\nGroup 15 (V) (nitrogen group) :5\nGroup 17 (VII) (halogens) :7\nGroup 18 (VIII or 0) (noble gases) :8\n\n\nEvery element in the top row (the first period) has one orbital for its electrons. All of the elements in the second row (the second period) have two orbitals for their electrons. It goes down the periodic table like that. At this time, the maximum number of electron orbitals or electron shells for any element is seven.
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In the Lewis structure, dots left alone want to pair up with those of another atom.  If there are 5-6-7 dots all around, the atom will accept electrons to fill it last layer.  If there are 1-2-3 dots, the atom will want to give those electrons away.\n\nSo you look at your Lewis structures, and try to pair up alone dots from one giving atom to a receiving atom. \n\nFor your peroxyde, you would get H.   and :.O.: twice so one link between and H and a O, another link between the other O and the other H, and then the two O's link together.\n\nFor you chlorine, there are 7 dots all around each atom, so they will share their un-matched electron in a covalent bond.  \n\nFor the CH4O, their are 4 dots all around the carbon, so you would think that one H will bond to each (that's 4 H then) but to add the oxygen, you have to insert it between a H and the C (that the hydroxyde radical).  It is written CH3H usually to show the -OH polyatomic ion.\n\nFor the C2H4, the carbon has 4 dots all around it, and they will bond to each other.  Each will link to two hydrogen (to make up the four in the molecule), leaving two dots on each C, so this means that there will be one double bond between the two carbon atoms.\n\nFinally, the CH2O os trickyer.  That carbon, with its four dots, will have one H bond to each one dot, so there are two free electrons left.  That oxygen has six dots, two pairs and two free.  This means that each free electron of the O will link up to one of the free electrons on the C, which means that there is one double bond between the carbon and the oxygen.  You'll have H-C-H for the first part and C=O for the second part.\n\nIt's kinda hard to type these :-)  Hope this helps anyway
917414
You apparently know what the diagonal rule looks like, but the link below gives a quite nice picture of it.\n\nBasically it is a summary of the order in which electron shells will be filled up. Follow the arrows round to discover where the electrons will go, starting at the 1s level.\n\nSo for 15:\n2 electrons will go into 1s, filling that up\n1s2\nthe next electrons will go into 2s2, 2p6, 3s2 and then the remaining 3 electrons into the 3p orbital, giving us a structure of:\n1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3\nRemeber, on your diagram, the first two characters (2p, 4d etc) are the names of the orbital, and the final digit is the number of electrons in that orbital. On your diagram the final digit shows the maximum number of electrons on the orbital; when you write out the structure the first few orbitals will be full (1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2) and the last one will be part full of however many electrons you have left (3p3.)
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1.ATOMIC NUMBER\n2.ELECTRON\n3.SHELL\n4.ORBIT
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carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
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A carbon atom is one that has 6 proton in the nucleus. If it is uncharged, there will also be 6 electrons. The number of neutrons varies depending on the isotope. The most common isotope has 6 neutrons. There is another stable isotope with 7 neutrons and a radioactive one with 8.
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Carbon in its hardest form
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acetylene. usually any carbon compound with two carbons gets the 'nick name' starting with acetyl-  like u take acetic acid for example .. it's got CH3-COOH two carbons hence ACETic-acid
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1) determine the mass of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.\ncarbon: 7.849 g x (12 / 44) = 2.141 g\nhydrogen: 3.213 g x (2 / 18) = 0.357 g\noxygen: 3.215 - 2.141 - .357 = 0.717 g\n\n2) convert to moles.\ncarbon: 2.141 / 12 = 0.178 mol\nhydrogen: 0.357 / 1 = 0.357 mol\noxygen: 0.717 / 16 = 0.0448 mol\n\n3) divide each molar amount by the lowest value to obtain small integers\ncarbon: 0.178 / 0.0448 = 4\nhydrogen: 0.357  / 0.0448 = 8\noxygen: 0.0448 / 0.0448 = 1\n\nThe empirical formula of the substance is (C4H8O)n\nThe atomic masses add up to 72, which is also the molar mass of the compound. Therefore n=1 and we find C4H8O
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first of all carbon is not an organic compound it is an element. and different compounds made from carbon are included in class of organic compounds.\n\ncarbon has got atomic number 6. so its electronic configuration will be 1s2,2s2,2p2. so it contains 4 electrons in its outermost orbit, we know that there should be 8 electrons to complete the octet and make the element stable, so carbon can either gain 4 electrons or lose 4 electrons to become stable, but both requires very high amount of energy.\n\nso it goes for sharing of electrons. it has the special property of catenation, ie carbon-carbon long chain formation. no other element has such property, so carbon itself has forms such high number of compounds which not even formed by rest all elements together. so it has been given special branch of chemistry called organic chemistry while rest all elements are included in inorganic chemistry. so its versatile
800333
It is trigonal bipyramidal in shape.                                                    try this & you would understand better                                            take a cardboard or a  paper.cut it in da shape of a triangle. suspend threads from da vertices of da triangle both upward & downward.                                                                                       now catch-hold of da threads.now 1 hand holds da threads from da top. The triangle remains in da mid position & the other hand holds da other 3 threads at the bottom                                            NOW the 2 hands are Cl atoms .THE 3 vertices of da triangle r also Cl atoms                                                                                   Phosphorous is at centroid of the triangle
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Try it out in the lewis-dot diagram\n      ..        ..\nH-O-Ca-O-H\n      ..        ..
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Here is the exact answer you need:\n\nOn the basis of their macroscopic properties, it seems impropable that diamonds and graphite are made of exactly the same atoms. This begs the question, how do we know that diamonds are indeed carbon? Surprisingly, this has been known for over 200 years. In 1772 (before the signing of the Declaration of Independence) a talented French chemist, Antoine Lavoisier, burned diamond (ca. 150 milligrams) in a sealed container. Diamonds do not burn readily, so Lavoisier used the high heat provided by a large lens placed in the sunlight. By a simple analysis of the gases produced by burning, Lavoisier determined that the gas we now know as CO2 was produced. Furthermore, the same amount of this gas was produced when 150 milligrams of amorphous carbon in the form of charcoal was burned. Thus, Lavoisier concluded that charcoal and diamond are the same. However Lavoisier was reluctant to publicize such a radical and counterintuitive result. It took more than 20 years before Lavoisier's conclusions were confirmed by Tenant, an English chemist. Let us examine Lavoisier's conclusion in the context of the times. Lavoisier's discovery predated Dalton's formulation that all matter is made of elements by 29 years and Mendeleev's formulation of the periodic table by almost 100 years. Our modern understanding of chemistry allows us to formulate Lavoisier's experiments in a compact way, the chemical equation.\n\n\n\n\n\nThese equations indicate that burning either diamond or graphite causes the bonds of the reactants (the carbon material and dioxygen) to be rearranged to form the product (CO2) and energy in the form of heat. In general, a chemical reaction involves changes in the bonding between atoms in going from reactants to products. Let's contrast these combustion equations with the analogous equation for burning buckyballs.\n\n\n\nNote how the buckyball equation has a subscript of 60 on the carbon, indicating that this form of carbon is molecular. As a result, 60 dioxygen molecules are required to convert the sixty atoms of carbon in each buckyball into 60 molecules of CO2. In a proper, balanced chemical equation the number and types of atoms on the reactant (left) side of the equation equal those on the product (right) side. Because heat is released in this chemical reaction, heat is written as a product. Reactions that generate heat are called exothermic.\n\n\nHope this is enough.
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This is based on the electons in the outer shell of the atom you are drawing. From the periodic table you can see how many electrons are in the outer shell e.g. Na has 1, Cl has 7, to create a complete shell (8) they combine to form NaCl. \n\nIf you wanted to draw all of the electrons then you would draw the first shell with 2, which completes the first row of the periodic table, then the second with 8, then the third with 1 (for Na). For Cl you would draw the first shell with 2, which completes the first row of the periodic table, then the second with 8, then the third with 7. \n\nIf you wanted to show the bond between them then you would draw the shells with the final circles combining and two electrons touching the circles.\n\nI did a search and found the website below, there are probably better ones out there but this gives a pictorial representation of some of what I say
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It's a simple ion. There are carbonite, carbonate, and hypercarbonate ions as well, I'm guessing, that differ only in the number of oxygen atoms present in the ion. For example, for an ion named "hypo-something-ite" with 1 oxygen atom:\n\nhypo-something-ite: 1 oxygen atom\nsomething-ite: 2 oxygen atoms\nsomething-ate: 3 oxygen atoms\nhyper-something-ate: 4 oxygen atoms\n\nThis is what I remember from my high school chemistry courses, so I hope my memory isn't flawed.
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If you have the letter names, use the Periodic Table of Elements.  If not, use PH paper, and that might help.  Go by color, soluability, and texture.