How is polyethelene made?
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Wikipedia has a thorough article on the prodcution of polyethylene, and the four different processes involved in the manufacture of different types of PE.\n\nI hope this article helps!
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ERASERS are made from either a synthetic rubber compound or from vinyl. In either case, the raw material is blended to the proper consistency and is put into a machine called an "extruder." The eraser material is forced through a small hole producing a long ribbon of eraser.\n\nEach ribbon is cut into strands about 3 feet in length. If the eraser is made of synthetic rubber, the strands are placed in a "vulcanizer," which cooks them under pressure to cure the rubber. When cool, the strands are put into a rotary cutter and chopped into bits -- called plugs. (Vinyl eraser strands go straight to the rotary cutter -- vinyl does not need to be vulcanized!)\n\nHistory\nPrior to using rubber, white bread (without crust) was used to erase the mark of graphite pencil and charcoal. It is still sometimes used for that by charcoal artists.\nIn 1770, scientist Joseph Priestley noted, "I have seen a substance excellently adapted to the purpose of wiping from paper the mark of black lead pencil."\n\nAlso in 1770, Edward Naime, an English engineer, is credited with creating the first rubber eraser, and reportedly was selling natural rubber erasers for the astonishingly high price of 3 shillings per half-inch cube. According to Nayme himself, he inadvertently picked up a piece of rubber instead of breadcrumbs, discovered rubber's erasing properties, and began selling rubber erasers. Incidentally, this was the first practical application of the substance in Europe, and rubbing out the pencil marks gave it its English name.\n\nHowever, rubber in its raw form shared the same inconveniences as bread, since it was perishable and would go bad over time. In 1839, inventor Charles Goodyear discovered the process of vulcanization, a method that would cure rubber and make it a durable material. Rubber erasers became common with the advent of vulcanized rubber.\n\nIn 1858, Hymen Lipman of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, received the first patent for attaching an eraser to the end of a pencil. It was later invalidated because it was determined to be simply a composite of two devices rather than an entirely new product.
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Thermoplastic will melt, and can be remolded\nThermoset will NOT melt once molded. This is what you see plastic ashtrays made of to withstand the heat of a cigarette.\n\nEasy Wikipedia search\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoplastic\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nA thermoplastic is a material that is plastic or deformable, melts to a liquid when heated and freezes to a brittle, glassy state when cooled sufficiently. Most thermoplastics are high molecular weight polymers whose chains associate through weak van der Waals forces (polyethylene); stronger dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding (nylon); or even stacking of aromatic rings (polystyrene). Thermoplastic polymers differ from thermosetting polymers (Bakelite; vulcanized rubber) which once formed and cured, can never be remelted and remolded. Many thermoplastic materials are addition polymers; e.g., vinyl chain-growth polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene\n\n===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== \n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zylon\nZylon\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nZylon is a trademarked name for a range of thermoset polyurethane materials manufactured by the Toyobo Corporation. These are members of the synthetic polymer family of materials.\n\nIUPAC name: poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole)\n\nThe particular subset that Zylon is derived from are the EBXL-TPU plastics. (From electron beam cross-linked ThermoPlastic Polyurethane).\n\nVaguely related to Kevlar and nylon, Zylon is used in a number of applications that require very high strength with excellent thermal stability. Tennis racquets, Table Tennis blades, various medical applications, and some of the martian rovers are some of the more well known instances.
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It's polystyrene, the polymer formed from styrene (phenylethene).
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There are thousands of polymers all with very different chemical and physical properties.  so a simple answer can not be given.  perhaps a specific polymer would obtain better responses.
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Check this link... Has good info...:\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic
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present invention provides a method for producing an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) containing 5 mol % to 60 mol % of ethylene, by copolymerizing ethylene and vinyl acetate with a polymerization initiator, in which an aliphatic alcohol having not more than four carbon atoms is used as the polymerization solvent, the contents of acetaldehyde and a saturated acetic ester with respect to vinyl acetate are not more than 200 ppm, and 10 ppm to 1500 ppm, respectively, and polymerization is carried out at a temperature of 30° C. to 150° C. EVA obtained by the foregoing method may be saponified to obtain a saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVOH). According to the present invention, at least one of (i) improved melt-extrusion stability, (ii) improved melt-moldability, (iii) reduced discoloration, and (iv) reduced gelation is achieved.
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There are all kinds of different materials lumped under the generic heading of "plastics".  The variations run into hundreds, perhaps even thousands of compounds!\n\nFor example, there's nylon.  The most familiar form, nylon 66, is a copolymer of adipic acid or adipoyl chloride and hexamethylene diamine.  But I can substitue various hydrocarbon chains in those two components to make nylon 55, nylon 65, nylon 48, nylon 83, etc.\n\nThen there are the families of polyaramid polymers, and polyester polymers, and polycarbonates, and . . . .\n\nNobody will ever be able to give you an exhaustive list here.  Try looking up some books on polymer chemistry at your library.
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Polymers can be made through a process called ADDITION POLYMERISATION.\n\nPolymers are made from starting materials known as MONOMERS. In addition polymerisation, the monomer is a member of a family of compounds known as the ALKENES.\n\nDuring the polymerisation, the carbon to carbon double bond that exists in all alkenes is broken apart and the resulting molecules join together to form a straight chain molecule.\n\ne.g. the polymerisation of hundreds of ethene monomers will result in the polymer POLYETHENE.
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Synthetic rubber\n\n\nAny artificially produced substance that resembles natural rubber in essential chemical and physical properties can be called synthetic rubber. Such substances are produced by chemical reactions, known as condensation or polymerization, of certain unsaturated hydrocarbons. The basic units of synthetic rubber are monomers, which are compounds of relatively low molecular weight that form the building units of huge molecules called polymers.\n\nThe origin of synthetic-rubber technology can be traced to 1860, when the British chemist Charles Hanson Greville Williams determined that natural rubber was a polymer of the monomer isoprene, which has the chemical formula CH2:C(CH 3)CH:CH2. Many efforts were made during the next 70 years to synthesize rubber in the laboratory by using isoprene as the monomer. Other monomers also were investigated, and during World War I (1914-1918) German chemists polymerized dimethylbutadiene (formula CH2:C(CH3)C(CH 3):CH2) producing a synthetic rubber called methyl rubber, which was of limited usefulness.\n\nTypes of synthetic rubbers:\nOne of the first successful synthetic rubbers resulting from Carothers's research was neoprene, which is the polymer of the monomer chloroprene, chemical formula CH2:C(Cl)CH:CH2. The raw materials of chloroprene are acetylene and hydrochloric acid. Developed in 1931, neoprene has high resistance to heat and such chemicals as oils and gasoline. Neoprene is used in hose for conveying gasoline and as an insulating material for cables and in machinery.\n\nBuna Type Rubber : Used in World War 2\n\nIn 1935 German chemists developed the first of a group of synthetic rubbers called Buna, which is produced by copolymerization—that is, the polymerization of two monomers, called comonomers. The name Buna is derived from the initial letters of butadiene, used as one of the comonomers, and natrium (sodium), which was used as a catalyst. One of these products, Buna-N, uses acrylonitrile (CH2:CH(CN)) as the other comonomer. Acrylonitrile is produced from cyanide. Buna-N is valuable for uses requiring resistance to the action of oils or abrasion.\n\nDuring World War II a Buna-type rubber called GR-S (Government Rubber-Styrene) was designated as the general-purpose rubber for the U.S. war effort. The basic rubber produced by the present-day U.S. synthetic-rubber industry, GR-S is a copolymer of butadiene and styrene. The various grades of GR-S are classified in two categories, regular and cold, depending on the temperatures of copolymerization. Cold GR-S types, which exhibit superior properties, are prepared at 5° C (41° F); regular GR-S types are prepared at temperatures of 50° C (122° F). Cold GR-S is used to make longer-wearing tires for automobiles and trucks.
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Most are made of rubber.
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Ethylene-vinyl acetate (also known as EVA or sometimes simply as "acetate") is the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate. It is a polymer that approaches elastomeric materials in softness and flexibility, yet can be processed like other thermoplastics. The material has good clarity and gloss, barrier properties, low-temperature toughness, stress-crack resistance, hot-melt adhesive and heat sealing properties and resistance to UV radiation. EVA has little or no odor and is competitive with rubber and vinyl products in many electrical applications. EVA foam is used as padding in equipment for various sports such as hockey, boxing, and mixed martial arts.\n\nA polyurethane is any polymer consisting of a chain of organic units joined by urethane links. It is widely used in flexible and rigid foams, durable elastomers and high performance adhesives and sealants, fibers, seals, gaskets, condoms, carpet underlayment, and hard plastic parts.
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A thermoplastic is a material that is plastic or deformable, melts to a liquid when heated, and freezes to a brittle, glassy state when cooled sufficiently. Most thermoplastics are high molecular weight polymers whose chains associate through weak van der Waals forces (polyethylene); stronger dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding (nylon); or even stacking of aromatic rings (polystyrene). Thermoplastic polymers are contrasted with thermosetting polymers (Bakelite; vulcanized rubber), which, once formed and cured, can never be remelted and remolded. Many thermoplastic materials are addition polymers; e.g., vinyl chain-growth polymers, such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
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Air. It's made out of air and plastic.
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Terephtalic acid (TPA) (or 1, 4-dicarboxyic benzene) is made from 1, 4- dimethylbenzene (or para-xylene). The xylene is oxidized using a catalyst to yield TPA. The xylene is a petrochemical isolated from crude oil.\n\nTPA is then reacted with ethylene glycol to produce the polyester,  first prepared by DuPont and sold under the name DACRON.
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Synthetic rubber comprises the polymerisation of a variety of monomers to produce polymers. These form part of a broad study covered by Polymer science and Rubber technology.\n\nThe major commercial source of natural latex used to create rubber is the Para rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis (Euphorbiaceae). This is largely because it responds to wounding by producing more latex\nIn places like Kerala(in India), where coconuts are in abundance, the shell of half a coconut is used as the collection container for the latex. The shells are attached to the tree via a short sharp stick and the latex drips down into it overnight. This usually produces latex up to a level of half to three quarters of the shell. The latex from multiple trees is then poured into flat pans, and this is mixed with formic acid, which serves as a coagulant. After a few hours, the very wet sheets of rubber are wrung out by putting them through a press before they are sent onto factories where vulcanization and further processing is done.\n\nAside from a few natural product impurities, natural rubber is essentially a polymer of isoprene units, a hydrocarbon diene monomer. Synthetic rubber can be made as a polymer of isoprene or various other monomers.
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It can be easily produced in a high molecular weight form through ring-opening polymerization using a stannous octoate catalyst, but for laboratory demonstrations tin(II) chloride is often employed.\nand you meant polyLactic acid