which is not a gene mutation: insertion, inversion, deletion, or substitution?
461795
inversion is not a gene mutation
334406
Could just be mutations.
644978
a mutation can change the DNA but not the amino acid sequence because in order to get a protein there are several options for DNA. (for example) you can UAG as a protein and you can get that by ATG, CGC, AUC and more.  So that gives you a chance to get the same amino acid with a change in the DNA.
349846
Neither, because genetic material is inherited and not lost, probably just lying dormant, waiting to be 'switched on' when the conitions are right. After all, life has to be prepared to wait for environmental changes, or there is no evolution.
881107
A point mutation occurs in one nucleotide molecule in its triplet codon of 3 nucletides. One of the base pairs is change. For example adenine could become thymadine. This would result in a change of one codon. which if not corrected would change the paticular amino acid of the codon and could affect the protein that the amino acid is a part of. For example a codon coding for a particular amino acid could chacnge to a stop codon and chop off (truncate), the protein at that point resulting in a shortened useless protein.Such mutations cause certain types of mucular dystrophy etc. Point mutations are a  sources of genetic change. and a minority of those chacnges are positive althogh most are neutral ir deleterious. Cosmic rays can cause point mutations. Also carcinogenic chemicals, old age ionising radiation and certain chemicals. (e.g. 5 fluoro uracil etc.)\nDoc. Dan.
866554
There are more than two, depending on specifically what you are doing.\n\nGenerally transformation is of bacteria. The two major methods for doing this are plasmid transformation and phage transformation. (see link below)\n\nThere are additional methods used on eukaryotic cells.\n The Shotgun approach coats minuscule particles of gold with the DNA you want transferred and shoots them into the cells. Insertion is random.\n\n Some plants are amenable to agrobacterium mediated transformation. This is much more precise than the shotgun approach. (see link below)
1002548
Every living being is trying to reproduce and have successful, surviving, reproducing offspring.  In every reproduction there is a chance of mutation, that one of the genes will function differently.  Often these changes in function cause a defect or a disadvantage, and the creatures with these mutations will die out without reproducing.  However, if the different function results in a significant advantage (making better use of a current food source or enabling the usage of a new food source) than the offspring with that mutation will become more likely to survive and the mutation will become the norm until a new mutation replaces it or environmental conditions change.\n\nThe diversity of life on Earth stems from life forms mutating and making use of all the millions of possible food sources that exist.
183032
DNA.  mRNA is made from a DNA template.  If DNA is messed up, all subsequent mRNA made from that DNA will also be messed up.  DNA is like a "master copy" of the blueprints for making proteins, while mRNA is like a photocopy you'd make from a library book to use breifly, and then throw away.  DNA mutation will also mean that any daughter cells that are made by that cell will be similarly mutated, and if the DNA is in a gamete cell, then the offspring of that organism might be comepletely mutated in every DNA cell in their body.\n\nmRNA is short-lived, and generally not to stable to begin with.
19783
TTACGGTCACCAAGCGTG. A mutation is a chemical or physical change that alters the sequence of bases in DNA molecule.Anything that causesmutation is called a MUTAGEN
94293
Scientists alter the genetic make-up of the plant.  It might be as simple as turning off a gene by mutating it, or by stimulating a gene the plant already has to become more active, or active at a different time than usual.  Some scientists go as far as inserting genes from totally different organisms, even kingdoms!  An example was the introduction of a gene that codes for an antifreezing protein.  Allows the fish to survive in extremely low temperatures.  Some scientists inserted this into fruits and vegetables to keep them from dying from frost.
116048
same number but one is just mutated
120440
Genetic mutaton happens for MANY reasons. Cosmic radiation is the least of them.\n\nTranscription errors is the largest way a mutation occurs. When a cell is copied, the DNA is copied and sometimes the mecahnism for doing this gets confused and makes slight changes. This is the most common way for mutation to happen.\nThere are outside factors liek environment. Toxins, pollutants. It has been shown that toxins have altered the germ (eggs and sperm) cells in amphibians.\n\nAll of this changes happens very slowly. It is not like a fish a born with 4 legs and walks to shore. More like a few fish out of millions have a slightly better advantage for their environment, so they eat better, breed more and have more offspring. The trait is then propagated through the population. Many mutations happen that do NOT lead to improvements, these die off. Back to our fish, over hundreds of thousands of generations, more mutations have happened allowing them to bettter compete for resoruces. Eventually many small changes have changed the nature of the fish.\n\nLook at divergent evolution. The North American Whitetail Deer. It used to comingle along the entore easter Seaboard cost. Now, due to habitat loss, highways and development, they are segregated. Over the past 150 years some visible changes have occured. The souther variety is smaller, and has some other characteristics not seen in the Northern deer. Why? Random mutations are congregated in smaller populations and not intermixed. In time, it will become different enough tobe a new species.\nIsolation is another reason for change, or in some cases not changing. A population becomes isolated and has little reason for random mutation to change them and they remain the same ove rtime while the surrounding areas undergo change.\nIt is a fairly neat system how all of these interactions play into one another.
512125
in biology, mutations are changes to the genetic material. mutations can be caused by copying errors in the genetic material during cell division and by exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses, or can occur deliberately under cellular control during processes such as meiosis or hypermutation. mutations can be classified based on the effect on the structure of the genetic material:\n\n1. small scale mutations affecting one or a few nucleotides\na. point mutation: exchange of a single nucleotide for another through translations or transversions\na)i. silent mutations: code for the same amino acid\na)ii. missense mutations: code for a different amino acid; i.e. sickle cell anemia\na)iii. nonsense mutations: code for a stop codon, which can truncate the protein\nb. insertions: add one or more extra nucleotides causing a shift in the reading frame (or frameshift)\nc. deletions: remove one or more nucleotides thus altering the reading frame (or frameshift)\n\n2. large scale mutations in chromosomal structure\na. amplifications or gene duplications: leading to multiple copies of chromosomal regions\nb. deletions of chromosomal regions: leads to loss of the genes coded; deletions in chromosome 5p causes cri-du-chat syndrome, deletions in chromosome 15q results in prader-willi syndrome\nc. translocations: interchange of genetic parts from non-homologous chromosomes thus bringing together separate genes to form functionally distinct fusion genes; translocations in chromosome 21 causes down syndrome \nd. inversions: reversing the orientation of a chromosomal segment thus bringing together separate genes to form functionally distinct fusion genes\n\nto detect small scale mutations affecting one or more nucleotides, a variety of tests can be done which in principle will test either the dna composition or the presence/absence of the gene products.\n\nlarge scale mutations in the chromosomal structures can be detected using karyotyping because the chromosomes with mutations would differ in sizes and shapes when compared to the standard. in general the chromosomes with deletions would be relatively smaller and chromosomes with additions would be relatively bigger than their counterparts, while chromosomes with either inversions and translocations would exhibit bridges and/or rings.
726805
after replicating a strand of DNA during cell division, the matching of the correct base pairs is checked and corrected if any miss-matches have occurred.  It is not 100% efficient and, therefore, mistakes are not caught.  That is the difference between mutant resistant and mutant proof.
1112549
In this question, they're testing 2 key points -- do you know what introns and exons are, and do you know which type of mutation is the worst.\n\nExons and Introns are different pieces of DNA where introns don't code for anything, whereas exons do.  So an easy way to remember that is EXons are EXpressed. (the DNA code is like this as a safeguard from mutations--since when DNA replicates there is so much to replicate, and to prevent many errors it has a lot of buffer material (the introns), so it is less likely that something important well have a mutation since only 5% of all the info is important (the exons).\n\nso, a is obviously out since introns don't contribute to anything.\n\nb) transversion v. frameshift.  Transversions are when 2 base pairs get flipped.  Frameshift mutations are when the reading frame gets shifted.  If you have a transversion, it is okay because either 1 or 2 proteins max will change.  However, if you have a frameshift mutation, then you can have stops where u have starts, or starts where you have stops, and that is much worse, so you would get a much worse outcome if you were to have a frameshfit mutation.\n\nso C is the worst.
309255
NO it is not, it is a cellular mutation that can be reversed. To find our more check out the link.
477782
Genetics and evolution.