in a nuclear reaction why dothe products have less mass than the reactants?
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The answer is a\n\nBecause when atom are split or fuse together there masses are always less then the sum of the reactants. the lost mass is transformed into energy. The energy is in the form of the following: Gamma rays, ( very high frequency  x-rays) Beta particles ( a electron shooting away from a atom), or Alpha particles ( a helium nucleus traveling at a very high speed) along with the resulting atoms that are split or fuse; moving at a  higher speed than before. That makes a lot of heat ( which is the definition of heat: a lot of atoms or molecules in motion.) This is in accordance to Einstein famous formula E= MC square. This is what powers our sun and the stars in space by Nuclear fusion, along with the interior of our planet and nuclear reactors and  atomic bombs by nuclear fission.
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Temperature only has meaning when you have a large enough quantity of particles to apply statistical mechanics to them. So, you are referring to a mass of, I suppose, a pure radiosotope. \n\nBeyond that it really depends.  Can be looked at in a fairly simple way.  That clump of neutrons and protons emits one or more particles and possibly a photon. What happens to those particles and photons makes a big difference in the impact they have on the surrounding material. If they are absorbed in some manner, a lot of their momentum will become momentum in the matrix (atoms and bonds between them) of the material. That means the temperature increases.  \n\nTo say how much it increases you need to know how much material is present, how well it absorbs the radiation it generates internally, and its thermal coeffecient (how much energy per mass/degree which depends on a LOT of things and will vary from substance to substance.)\n\nI recommend you go to wikipedia, or some other reasonably reliable source and look up "radioactive decay"  "temperature" and "chain reactions."\n\nSomething like plutonium will become noticbly warm in sufficient mass and in the appropriate shape (a sphere is nice) because the decay products from one atom are absorbed by the nuclei of more than atom on average, and these absorbtions cause THOSE atoms to decay in a short timescale, if you have chosen the right kind of atom. The net effect is the number of decaying atoms in the mass at any one point in time is pretty large and the thing heats up. The limit to this (why you don't get a runaway reaction) is closer to the surface (or due to impurities inside) significant amounts of the decay products are not absorbed by atoms that subsequently decay as a result.\n\nThat is why a small mass of U-235 will not "go critical" (almost all of it decays in a small time) whereas a larger chunk will.  Shape is important too, because clearly a very thin one atom thick sheet of the stuff would loose most of its decay products without setting off other atoms. A sphere is the most efficient shape in this regard. Finally, impurities matter because then you have non-reactive atoms absorbing some of the products so you are not setting off more than one atom for each atom that decays. That is why you can make a bomb with weapons grade U-235, but not less pure stuff.  The less pure stuff will still warm up because enough extra atoms get set off (suppose on average, each decay sets off 0.999999999999999 more decays) If the decays did not also happen spontaneously there wouldn't be any.\n\nLook up "chain reaction" in wikipedia also.
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Oxygen is required for combustion, not for nuclear reactions.\nIn Sun, the tremondous amount of energy is released by nuclear fusion reaction in which two hydrogen atoms combine to give a helium atom. A very small mass is converted into large energy, given by the famous equation: E=mc^2, where m is the difference in mass and c is speed of light.
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If the concentration of the reactants is equal, it will be A. The smallest
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d)  both a and c\n\nbecasue in a chemical reaction   everythin on the product and teh reactant must be the same\n\nthe mass and atoms must be same
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more important is the relation between the mass m and energy E. They are coupled by the relation E = mc2, and because c is very large, the energy equivalence of a given mass is enormous. The change of mass giving an energy change is significant in nuclear reactions, as in reactors or nuclear weapons, and in the stars, where a significant loss of mass accompanies the huge energy release.
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B: Some mass is converted into energy in order to split the unstable nucleus into two, smaller, stable ones.\n\nC: Their nuclei are too big to remain in one lump of mass. Particles (alpha, beta, gamma, etc) start shooting off in all directions, to bring the nucleus down to a smaler size. It's all about the smaller size.\nAlso, no atom can have more than one nuclues, because then it would be two atoms. More or less elctrons make an atom into a charged ion, not an isotope. Neutrons are what make isotopes.
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Interesting scenario first of all i would like to comment. Well actually the bond is due to electronic forces. Hence mass has litle effect on the bond strength. Thus i thikn the effect of mass change should be a small one!! unless you change the charge of proton too!!
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atoms of positive charge are lighter than negative.
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b) has the smallest mass
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Well, if you get something with the second to lowest potential energy in the world, that energy can go to the lowest potential energy thing in the world and that's it.  Otherthan that, no.  And there's nothing inherent in the material, unless you're talking about chemical reactions, in which case, I just don't know what those two things are.  I hope that's clear.
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The guy who answered before was right but i wanna explain it. An exothermice reaction is one in which heat energy is lost to the surroundings, thus at the end of the reaction, some heat would have been lost. For heat to have been lost, the product has to have lesser heat than the reactant.Take not that heat here is the same as Enthalphy.\nSince the Enthalphy heat value = heat of product-heat of reation = a negative number because heat of product is lesser.\nthus the answer is i nd ii\n\n2. To calculate the heat absorbed or evolved in a system, the formulais Q(quantity of heat) = m*c*T, where m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and T is the change in temperature, thuis this three are neede. Density is not important in this calculation\nso the answwers are i and iii
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reactants...catalysts help a reaction by speeding it up (usually)...products are the end result of reactions...protons just aren't the right answer
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A net loss in mass and gain in energy.\nIf you mean the elemental products from fission , they include Ce, I, Sb, Ag, Ru, Mo, Nb, Zr, Y, and Kr.
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Many people have, in every single nuclear reaction, whether in power plants or detonated nuclear weapons. Nuclear binding energy is generated by mass converted to energy which holds nucleons together. In nuclear reactions differences in binding energy between the reactants and products in atoms is released as light, thought not necessarily visible light.\n\nLight is also produced in particle-antiparticle annihialition. If an electron and positron collide, they annihialate each other and release 2 photon's of equal energy and momentum as the 2 original particles.\n\nIt is also possible to create particle-antiparticle pairs from photons fired into strong magnetic fields.
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The question is more throroughly stated as "find the minimum whole numbers of each molecule in this reaction so that it balances the number of atoms."  \n\nYou could devise a set of three of algebraic equations so that you wind up with the same amount of oxygen and hydrogens on both sides.  That would be the general way, or you can just do it semi-intuitively with a simple equation like this one.  I will walk you through it. I could just *tell* you the answer, but then you wouldn't learn!\n\n\nSince both reactants are diatomic(*), look at the products:  what is the least abundant atom there?  \n\nNow pick the smallest whole number of the reactant molecule on that still gives you a whole number of product molecules on the product side. \n\nNow see how many of the other molecule you need on the reactant side to get the right number of product molecules (determined in the last step) on the product side. \n\nFor complex reactions with some of the same atoms in multiple reactants and perhaps with multiple products on the other end, it will become harder to just "see" the answer and you will need to rely on the general solution of setting up algebraic equations to solve, so you should learn this technique.  \n\nDo this simple one and maybe a few more, and then see if you can devise the general solution technique yourself to solve them again.  Since you know the answer already you have a ready "reality check" to verify your technique.
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Isotopes of the same element have *almost* identical chemical properties. They can be distinguished because they have different masses (from a different number of neutrons in the nucleus). But this effect is usually very small. One exception is hydrogen. The isotope consisting of one protoon and one neutron in the nucleus (deuterium) has double the mass of a regular hydrogen atom, and this can have observable effects even on the chemistry.