How does the Electron Transport System work?
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The Hydrogen atom is a donor/acceptor for the electron, it's kinda like a battery, or a hydroelectric energy plant. Imagine the electron is water it wants to get somewhere, and it turns a wheel (ATP Snythase) to create ATP to get there. That is a "big picture" the details you'll have to look up.
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You will find all the answers here:\n\nhttp://library.thinkquest.org/10429/high/eleconfig/electron.htm
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aerobic respiration works by breaking down glucose into carbon dioxide and water molecules.  This provides the cell a chemical form of energy called ATP which is used for all cellular functions.  The way it works is by a series of chemical reactions that creates ATP molecules by breaking bonds in the glucose.  It is often called a step wise reaction because it take several steps.  The reason for this is so all the engery is not realeased at onces creating a lot of heat.  (For example burning sugar realeases all the enrgey quickly, but creates a lot of wasted heat)  First the gluclose is broken down into pyruciv acid in the cytoplasam, which creates 2 ATP, then in the mitochondria it is broken down further sending molecueles with Hydrogen atoms to the Electron Transport Chain where oxygen is needed.  This is why it is call aerobic respiration.  This is  the main ATP (energy) producing step.  Overall for each glucose molecule you get a net gain of about 32 ATPs I believe.  \n\nIf you want more details, just look it up in a biology book.  I am sure there are great diagrams you could look at to help see the process.
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Thats simple,\nAs we rub together two surfaces, there is friction and hence the two close atoms are rubbed together which results in transfer of electrons...\nThe subs in which electrons are transfered is negatively charged (by convention electrons are supposed to have negative charge) and from which they are transfred is said to be positivly charged...
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OK. watch this.\nThe FADH and NADH from the Krebs cycle enters the electron transport chain. This is on the cristae on the mitochondria (those Lil protrusions). there, the NADH and FADH separate in to the Hydrogen and electons. The electrons are passed from electron acceptor to electron acceptor. The energy level of each electron acceptor is lower than that of the previous, so the elctrons are losing energy. This energy is used to drive hydrogen ions into the spaces between the mitochondrial membrane. By the process of chemiosmosis, the Hydrogen then passes through a special protein (ATP Synthase) in the membrane back into the cristae. When Hydrogen passes through this protein it stimulates the production of ATP. Simply, the protein which catalyse ATP production is an enzyme, activated by the passage of Hydrogen through it. Get it? [Cambrigde A'Level Whooohoo!lol] \n\nWell it is more than three NADH. The cycle goes around twice per glucose molecule so it is 6 NADH (3 each time), and 2 FADH (1 each time) plus the 4 NADH from the stages before the Krebs cycle. All of these enter the electron transport chain. That is the purpose of the NAD and FAD, to take hydrogen and electrons from the Krebs cycle etc. to the next stage (oxidative phosphorylation). That is partially right. The NADH itself does not enter the membrane. It stays on the surface. It is The HYDROGEN that passes into the membrane.
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Hope you find this helpful read through it its pretty basic but it will a good idea of how they work\n\nhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/fuel-cell.htm
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Cyanide binds better to cytochrome 3a than oxygen and this affects the electron transport chain.  The last step in the electron transport chain is the transfer of electrons to oxygen gas using the cytochrome protein.  Cyanide binding to the cytochrome locks the protein and prevents electron transfer out of cytochrome 3a.  This messes up the whole electron transport chain as everything gets backed up in the mitochondrial inner membrane, which is where the cytochrome and other electron transport proteins are located.  \n\nSo when the electron transport chain is backed up this prevents the reducing power created in glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle from being used.  The reducing power from those two processes is what is used to create most of the energy derived from respiration.  So without use of the electron transport chain, which does not work when cyanide is present, only 3 or 4 ATP are made per glucose in the respiration reactions.  With the electron transport chain, in the absence of cyanide, about 34 ATP total are made from the respiration reactions.  \n\nSo overall cyanide greatly reduces the efficiency of respiration by preventing the use of a critical respiration protein.  The presence of cyanide in a cell can cause cell death within minutes due to the extreme inefficiency at which the cell produces energy.
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ATP from the Krebs Cycle making the proton gradient in the electron transport chain
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When heated the electrons move from the ground state to an exicited state.  They are unstable here and return to the ground state giving off energy in the form of a specific color.  Different energy levels will produce different colors
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1. flow of electrons\n2. mechanical energy\n3. motor, lightbulb\n4. the rate of flow of electrons
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By the ionization of the cells, for one. Radiation strips electrons from atoms making up the molecular machinery of the cell; as you may realize, this can't be good. Structures lose form/lose function.
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The battery has two terminals, one positive and one negative, with two different types of metals.  Floating inside the battery is also a supply of acid, which scientists would call an electrolyte.  This acid keeps the electrons flowing between the positive and negative terminals all the time.\n\nWhen you set up a wire loop, one end is connected to the positive terminal and the other is connected to the negative terminal.  The free electrons inside the battery like to flow from the positive down to the negative terminal.  Now they have a way out of the battery through the wire.\n\nThe electrons flow through the wire and anything else connected to it, like a small lightbulb.  Some of the electrons are used to make the filament inside the lightbulb glow red hot.  The rest of the electrons continue around the loop and end up at the positive terminal of the battery again.  This process keeps going until either almost all of the electrons are used up in the lightbulb (the battery is 'dead') or the circuit is broken.
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I will have to answer your question in two parts.\n\nElectrons in a piece of metal move around randomly with speeds of about 10^5 m/s. This is just the thermal velocity associated with the energy the electrons possess without any electric field present.\nWhen an electric field is applied, the electrons acquire a miniscule drift velocity. This velocity is miniscule compared to both the thermal velocity AND the speed of light.\nElectrons flowing as a current have speeds no where near the speed of light, whether you speak about the thermal or drift velocities.\n\nHOWEVER, the SIGNAL DOES travel close to the speed of light. Signal speeds are typically about 2/3 the speed of light. Just do a simple coaxial cable calculation to find a wave equation, and you can find the conduction speed.\nThe reason for this is that the Electric field applied can cause electrons ALL THROUGHOUT the circuit to move, and thus the speed of the signal is greater than the drift speed of the electrons.\n\nThe other answers are wrong in saying that ELECTRONS travel close to the speed of light.\nIt is correct to say that ELECTRICAL SIGNALS travel close to the speed of light, however.
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ionic: electrons are transfered.... i.e. NaCl, MgO\ncovalent: electrons are shared.... i.e. water, sulfur dioxide
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WindWalker's statement that oxygen is necessary for the synthesis of nutrients we need is a little misleading.  Oxygen is basically the end of the electron transport chain, and binds hydrogens that have passed though the ion gradient of the mitochondiral matrix to form water.\n\nHydrogen passes through this gradient in the mitochondrial matrix via passive, channel mediated transport.  The concentration of H+ on one side is high, and low on the other, since they get bound to Oxygen to form water.  Every time an H+ ion passes through, energy for ATP production is derived.
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Electrons are outside the nucleus of an atom and spin-random.Electrons are negative. [All matter has electrons (for the sake of agument)]\n\nMagnets-the 2 poles-electrons spinning in one direction at one end and the other direction at the other end.Positve and negative.\n\nElectricity-electrons travelling along a wire from the source like a chain reaction bumping the electron to electron ( current) to its final destination.\n\nMedical (diagnositc) xray production-a low voltage current is applied inside the xray machine-which causes the loss of electrons off a wire, these "free electons"(in a vacuum)negatively charged then travel high speed across inside the vacuum tube to a positive "plate". When the electrons hit this plate, their energy ends with the release of an x-ray.\n \nAn MRI (Magnet Resonance Imaging)of a person-a powerful magnet lines up the electrons of a persons body. When the magnet is turned off-the release of the electrons to again begin their spinning releases an xray from the persons's body.\n\nElectomagnet-a magnet wound with coil which when current is applied increases the magnetism. Example of how junk cars are picked up -electric current running around the magnet, magnet picks up car,car is moved to the top of the heap and the current turned off-boom-no more magnet-car drops.\n\nYou can make a magnet with electricity and electricity with a magnet.\n\nElectronics involve use of electrons. Remember they are free spinning little boogers. \n\nMagnets temporarily interfere with the spin of the electrons.
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Hey we were learning about that in school this week. anyway Active transport is the "movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy"\nand Diffusion is "the process by which molecules tend to move from a area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration\n\nactually diffusion is a form of active transport so really that is the similarity because its like parts of a whole((sorry if this was confusing))\n\n~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~~*~*~*~*~**~*~*~*~*~*~*~\nMy name is Brittany ((LoL i knrew it would be confusing))\n~*~*~*~*~**~*~*~*~*~**~*~*~*~*~**~*~*~\nim in 7th too. ((if its not too much can you e~mail me?))\n~*~*~*~*~**~*~*~*~*~*\nalright