How can I get a comprehensive note on the Embryological innervation of the Tongue?
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The tongue and throat are derived from ectoderm.  The nerves supplying the tongue are V for pain and touch, VII for taste on the anterior portion of the tongue, and IX for taste on the posterior portion of the tongue.  XII is the motor portion of the tongue.\nIn general sensory neurons are derived from the alar plate while the motor neurons are from the basal plate.  These come from the neural tube which is an infolding of ectoderm called neuroectoderm. \nNot sure if you need to know about the pharyngeal pouches.  If so you might read up in a medical embryology text.  I can't remember them off the top of my head but if i had to guess i'd say it was the 2nd pharyngeal pouch.
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http://www.bu.edu/lernet/GK12/eric/cladogram.pdf\n\nThis should help, it's really pretty easy.  You need Adobe to view it.
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try this website:\nhttp://www.bmezine.com/pierce/02-tongue/bme-pg02-exp-stud-001.html
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Definitely the tongue. This is where the \n\ntastebuds are located and you can enjoy what \n\nyou are going to be digesting!
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics
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try the following links:\n\nhttp://www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/index.shtml\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_anatomical_features\n\nhttp://free-ed.net/free-ed/HealthCare/Anatomy/default.asp\n\nhttp://users.pandora.be/educypedia/education/anatomyimages.htm
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http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro98/202s98-paper1/Boyce.html\n\nToo much information to copy out, but my Aunt found this website handy
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Here is two that might help.  I sorry if they don't come across like they should. i used the copy and paste method.\nhttp:// www.health.ivillage.com/holostic/hherbal/        iVillage\nhttp:// www.ncnm.edu                                     National collage of naturepathic medicine
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http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/mammals/pangolin/Pangolinprintout.shtml
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http://www.ciss.org.au/documents/LingSodiumPumpMyth1a.html
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Try reading the book: Mobilisation of the Nervous System by David S. Butler, Mark A. Jones
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http://tiger.towson.edu/~abloom1/stagesofdevelopment.htm\nhttp://tiger.towson.edu/~abloom1/adolescentyears.htm\nhttp://tiger.towson.edu/~abloom1/prenataldevelopment.htm
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Look at the knee jerk reflex as a typical example:\n\nhttp://staff.washington.edu/chudler/chreflex.html#patella\n\nYou may need to look at other parts of the site, for info on structure inside neurons:\n\nhttp://staff.washington.edu/chudler/introb.html
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http://www.genealogytoday.com/names/origins/\nhttp://www.last-names.net/Articles/Anatomy.asp
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see http://www.upali.ch/anatomy_en.html
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Vocal cords and tongue
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Introductory Anatomy: Digestive System\nDr D.R.Johnson, Centre for Human Biology\nPurpose\n\nThe digestive system prepares food for use by hundreds of millions of body cells. Food when eaten cannot reach cells (because it cannot pass through the intestinal walls to the bloodstream and, if it could would not be in a useful chemical state. The gut modifies food physically and chemically and disposes of unusable waste. Physical and chemical modification (digestion) depends on exocrine and endocrine secretions and controlled movement of food through the digestive tract.\n\nMouth\n\nMouth Food enters the digestive system via the mouth or oral cavity, mucous membrane lined. The lips (labia) protect its outer opening, cheeks form lateral walls, hard palate and soft palate form anterior/posterior roof. Communication with nasal cavity behind soft palate. Floor is muscular tongue. Tongue has bony attachments (styloid process, hyoid bone) attached to floor of mouth by frenulum.\nPosterior exit from mouth guarded by a ring of palatine/lingual tonsils. Enlargement = sore throat, tonsillitis. \nFood is first processed (bitten off) by teeth, especially the anterior incisors. Suitably sized portions then retained in closed mouth and chewed or masticated (especially by cheek teeth, premolars, molars) aided by saliva Ducted salivary glands open at various points into mouth. This process involves teeth (muscles of mastication move jaws) and tongue (extrinsic and intrinsic muscles). Mechanical breakdown, plus some chemical (ptyalin, enzyme in saliva). Taste buds allow appreciation, also sample potential hazards (chemicals, toxins)\n\nSwallowing\n\nIn leaving the mouth a bolus of food must cross the respiratory tract (trachea is anterior to oesophagus) by a complicated mechanism known as swallowing or deglutination which empties the mouth and ensures that food does not enter the windpipe. \nSwallowing involves co-ordinated activity of tongue, soft palate pharynx and oesophagus. The first (buccal) phase is voluntary, food being forced into the pharynx by the tongue. After this the process is reflex. The tongue blocks the mouth, soft palate closes off the nose and the larynx rises so that the epiglottis closes off the trachea. Food thus moves into the pharynx and onwards by peristalsis aided by gravity. If we try to talk whilst swallowing food may enter the respiratory passages and a cough reflex expels the bolus.\n\nOesophagus\n\nThe oesophagus (about 10") is the first part of the digestive tract proper and shares its distinctive structure. Basic tissue layers of the gut are \n1. mucosa. Innermost, moist lining membrane. Epithelium (friction resistant stratified squamous in oesophagus, simple beyond) plus a little connective tissue and smooth muscle. \n2. submucosa. Soft connective tissue layer, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics \n3. muscularis externa. Typically circular inner layer, longitudinal outer layer of smooth muscle \n4. serosal fluid producing single layer.\n\nStomach\n\nC shaped, left side abdominal cavity (because liver is on right). Cardioesophageal sphincter guarding entrance from oesophagus is of doubtful anatomical integrity (though functionally the diaphragmatic pinch cock serves). Pyloric sphincter guarding the outlet is much better defined. Fundus, body and pylorus recognised as distinct regions. Stomach secretes both acid and mucus (for self protection). Surface area increased by rugae. Serves as a temporary store for food which is also churned by muscular layers (three here) to form chyme, creamy substance voided via pyloric sphincter to duodenum\n\nDuodenum\n\nFirst part of small intestine. C shaped 10" long and curves around head of pancreas and entry of common bile duct (accessory organs of digestion, pancreas, liver see below). Chemical degradation of small controlled amounts of food controlled by pyloric sphincter begins here, enzymes secreted by pancreas and duodenum itself aided by emulsifying bile (which also