how are rankl proteins involved in cancer?
410312
check out the link for the whole article..\n\nResearchers have identified a molecule that appears to play a critical part in how cancers spread to bones.\n\nAlthough the experiments were done in mice, the Austrian researchers hope the finding will lead to new treatments that can keep cancers such as breast, prostate and skin cancer from spreading to bone.\n\nThey found that a protein in bone called RANKL communicates with a receptor in breast, prostate and skin cancer cells, telling them to migrate.
128540
Even though our understanding of cancer has made leaps and bounds, we have still yet to find a sure-fire treatment.  This has to do with the number of cancers out there, as well as the complexity of the problem.  Cancer is the result of a number of factors, including a cells ability to ignore death signals, anti-growth signals, as well as telling itself to continuously grow.  With all these problems compounded, cancer is a harsh nemesis.
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Oh dear\nI'm so sorry for your mother\nwhen a cancer has reached a site far from the original site (i mean when there is no direct contact between the two sites) it's then called a distant metastasis and in oncology classifications it's known as M1 in TNM classification and grade IV in WHO classification\nin such cases the treatment is very difficult because this means that the cancer cells have managed to escape from the original site and escape from the protective mechanisms circulating in the blood and present in different tissues to reach another distant site\nNo one can say how long would a patient with metastatic bone cancer live and it's dependent on many factors one of them is what type of bone cancer\nIn most cases the treatment such a patient will recieve is to help her continue her life without suffering or pain\nI wish you and your family the best
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wow, people who have no clue try to sound like medical experts.  I'm no medical expert, but I can lead you to a better answer.\n\nTelomere immortalization is one known element of cancer, so I'll use that to explain why smoking is a leading cause of cancer, but just know there are several other things that happen besides this.\n\nBasically cancers are cells that grow, bond, and refuse to die.  We're talking about cells that try to become immortal, and you can understand why.  The carbons and chemicals in your lungs actively block oxygen, which your lungs were designed to need.  Every time your body replaces dead cells (which it does constantly), it checks the environment they're in to see if they need to make adjustments.  Oxygen is essential to cell survival, so if you're choking them to death, they'll get desperate.  Some will just die.  Some will go on gasping for air.  But some will rebel from the body, which is killing them, and find their own mission.  And a tumor is born.  These are like lawless vigilantes who don't give a damn about being part of the body anymore.
1121562
great  question!\n\nall mammals get cancer - and birds do too \nbut probably no one has looked at that really interesting comparative question\n\ni could not find any reference on either a medline or vetline search!
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Chances are likely it's not cancer related.  But at your next annual visit with your doctor you should mention it.  You should also be performing a self exam.\n\nMore likely than not, it's hormonal related and if you monitor it over the next few months you'll probably find a correlation with your menstrual cycle.  Pain occurs usually the same time within the cycle either before, during, or after.    It is extremely common.
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cancer is an auto-immune disease and can be reversed with\nproper cell to cell communication or glycosylation. the \nimmune system kills off cancerous cells. all you need are \nglyconutrients. send me and email for more info.
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cancer is the most common cause of death of all animals.  cancer has been here since the dinosaurs.  there are cancer tumors in the dinosaur bones.  cancer is more a process than a disease.  After saying all that stomach cancer is a terrible condition and i hope you are just curious.
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similar to roaches which also cant get cancer, they're bodies are made of a different type of cell. Sharks are composed mainly of cartilage tissue, which is hard for cancer to thrive in. Thus, they're chances of getting cancer are very small. They can still get cancer in internal organs, but not in their extremities.
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No. It is an auto-immune disese. In this disease body's defence mechanism gets deranged and attacks the self. It mainly and initially affects the joints. Later on it may involve the heart, kidney, spleen etc. This disease does not lead to cancer.
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The gradual degeneration of bones.  It is mainly associated with decreased levels of estrogen in women, old age, decreased calcium and vitamin D intake and a lack of weight bearing exercise. It can happen to men but usually affects post menopausal women.
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towards the outside. glycoproteins generally play roles in recognition and signalling.
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Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that has developed from cells of the breast. The disease occurs primarily in women but occasionally occurs in men. \n\nMany people do not realize that men have breast tissue and that they can develop breast cancer. Until puberty, young boys and girls have a small amount of breast tissue consisting of a few ducts (tubular passages) located under the nipple and areola (area around the nipple). At puberty, a girl's ovaries produce female hormones, causing breast ducts to grow, lobules (milk glands) to form at the ends of ducts, and the amount of stroma (fatty and connective tissue surrounding ducts and lobules) to increase. On the other hand, male hormones produced by the testicles prevent further growth of breast tissue. Men's breast tissue contains ducts, but only a few if any lobules. \n\nLike all cells of the body, a man's breast duct cells can undergo cancerous changes. Because women have many more breast cells than men do and perhaps because their breast cells are constantly exposed to the growth-promoting effects of female hormones, breast cancer is much more common in women. \n\nMany types of breast disorders can affect both men and women. Most breast disorders are benign (not cancerous). Benign breast tumors do not spread outside of the breast and are not life threatening. Other tumors are malignant (cancerous) and may become life threatening. Benign tumors, such as papillomas and fibroadenomas, are common in women but are extremely rare in men. \n\nLymphatic vessels are important structures in the breast. They are like veins, except that they carry lymph instead of blood. Lymph is a clear fluid that contains tissue fluid and waste products and immune system cells (cells that are important in fighting infections). Lymph nodes are small bean-shaped collections of immune system cells that are found along lymphatic vessels. Cancer cells can enter lymphatic vessels and spread to lymph nodes. \n\nMost lymphatic vessels in the breast connect to lymph nodes under the arm (axillary lymph nodes). Some lymphatic vessels connect to lymph nodes inside the chest (internal mammary nodes) and either above or below the collarbone (supra- or infraclavicular nodes). \n\nWhen breast cancer cells reach the axillary (underarm) lymph nodes, they may continue to grow, often causing the lymph nodes in that area to swell. If breast cancer cells have spread to the underarm lymph nodes, they are more likely to have spread to other organs of the body as well. This is why it is important to find out if breast cancer has spread to your axillary lymph nodes when you are choosing a treatment.
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Cancer is not just one disease, but a large group of almost 100 diseases. Its two main characteristics are uncontrolled growth of the cells in the human body and the ability of these cells to migrate from the original site and spread to distant sites. If the spread is not controlled, cancer can result in death.\n\n\n  Description\n\n\n\nOne out of every four deaths in the United States is from cancer. It is second only to heart disease as a cause of death in the states. About 1.2 million Americans are diagnosed with cancer annually; more than 500,000 die of cancer annually.\n\n\nCancer can attack anyone. Since the occurrence of cancer increases as individuals age, most of the cases are seen in adults, middle-aged or older. Sixty percent of all cancers are diagnosed in people who are older than 65 years of age. The most common cancers are skin cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer (in women), and prostate cancer (in men). In addition, cancer of the kidneys, ovaries, uterus, pancreas, bladder, rectum, and blood and lymph node cancer (leukemias and lymphomas) are also included among the 12 major cancers that affect most Americans.\n\n\nCancer, by definition, is a disease of the genes. A gene is a small part of DNA, which is the master molecule of the cell. Genes make "proteins," which are the ultimate workhorses of the cells. It is these proteins that allow our bodies to carry out all the many processes that permit us to breathe, think, move, etc.\n\n\nThroughout people's lives, the cells in their bodies are growing, dividing, and replacing themselves. Many genes produce proteins that are involved in controlling the processes of cell growth and division. An alteration (mutation) to the DNA molecule can disrupt the genes and produce faulty proteins. This causes the cell to become abnormal and lose its restraints on growth. The abnormal cell begins to divide uncontrollably and eventually forms a new growth known as a "tumor" or neoplasm (medical term for cancer meaning "new growth").\n\n\nIn a healthy individual, the immune system can recognize the neoplastic cells and destroy them before they get a chance to divide. However, some mutant cells may escape immune detection and survive to become tumors or cancers.\n\n\nTumors are of two types, benign or malignant. A benign tumor is not considered cancer. It is slow growing, does not spread or invade surrounding tissue, and once it is removed, doesn't usually recur. A malignant tumor, on the other hand, is cancer. It invades surrounding tissue and spreads to other parts of the body. If the cancer cells have spread to the surrounding tissues, even after the malignant tumor is removed, it generally recurs.\n\n\nA majority of cancers are caused by changes in the cell's DNA because of damage due to the environment. Environmental factors that are responsible for causing the initial mutation in the DNA are called carcinogens, and there are many types.\n\n\nThere are some cancers that have a genetic basis. In other words, an individual could inherit faulty DNA from his parents, which could predispose him to getting cancer. While there is scientific evidence that both factors (environmental and genetic) play a role, less than 10% of all cancers are purely hereditary. Cancers that are known to have a hereditary link are breast cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer. Besides genes, certain physiological traits could be inherited and could contribute to cancers. For example, inheriting fair skin makes a person more likely to develop skin cancer, but only if he or she also has prolonged exposure to intensive sunlight.\n\n\nThere are several different types of cancers:\n\n\nCarcinomas are cancers that arise in the epithelium (the layer of cells covering the body's surface and lining the internal organs and various glands). Ninety percent of human cancers fall into this category. Carcinomas can be subdivided into two types: a
541915
You may have osteoporosis, arthritis, or another bone disorder.  It is not normal, and you should visit your doctor so he/she can diagnosis the problem and help you take the available steps to slow the progression.
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Protein along with lipids form a lipoproteinous wall that surrounds the cell which is called plasma-membrane.for details got to below given link:\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_membrane
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A lot. A good one is the interaction with the anticancer drug cisplatin. It is actually platinum metal which binds to the DNA of cancer cells, inhibiting them from further multiplying. There are also silver and gold which bind to DNA and form nano-sized particles which are hot hot hot topic right now.