what does the calibration factor for potentiometer represent?
403141
In the instrumentation field of engineering, the 'calibration factor' means the ratio of 'measured value' to the 'real/calibrated value'. For example, if a test weight of 1Kg is weighed 1.050Kg by a digital scale, then the calibration factor is 1.05/1=105% which means every measured value should be divided by 1.05. However, 'calibration factor' is only valid if the response of the measuring device is linear (or almost linear or limitedly linear) so that within its linear range you can use the formula above. In fact, there are 'calibration curve(s)' instead of a constant coefficient. These curves normally are compiled as tables for each range of measurement.\nAs the 'rheostat' is in concern, which is a variable electric resistance, the calibration factor is translated as the ratio of the read value from the screen of rheostat to its real ohmic resistance value (which might be measured by a precise ohm-meter) and again this coefficient varies from one end of rheostat handle to the other. It's indeed the factor of conversion of the value read from a linear slider into relevant ohmic resistance, altogether with the tolerances exist .
261339
For series resistances and inductances, and parallel capacitances, simply sum them.\nFor parallel resistances and inductances, and series capacitances, first sum the reciprocals of each one, then take the reciprocal of the sum.\nHow you do this depends on how your calculator expects you to enter numbers and operators. You should consult the calculator manual if in doubt. If you don't have the manual, set up a test case whose answer you know. For instance, assume 2 resistors of 5 and 10 ohms. In parallel they equal 1/(1/5 + 1/10), or 1/0.3, or 3.333... ohms. Try various ways to enter the numbers and operators to get the right answer.
1020645
It's a defined standard.\nas are the following:\n10-50ma\n1-5vdc\n\nThe reason the low number isn't zero, is so if the instrument is working, you have a signal (4ma).
90104
If the transistor is stabilized in some circuitry, heat should not affect it too much. A simple amplifier using voltage divider biasing is very stable, whereas simply feeding a signal into the base with the B-E junction forward biased will be very unstable. In the first situation, the stability factor can be made to equal 5. In the second example the stability factor will approximate the beta of the transistor. (Lower S => more stable)
930646
You probably want alpha, the common base current gain. In general, current gain is designated "beta," "alpha," or "gamma," for transistors connected in the common emitter, common base, or common collector configurations, respectively.  Beta = di(c)/di(b), the rate of change of collector current with respect to change in base current.  Alpha =di(c)/di(e), rate of change of collector current with respect to change in emitter current.  Gamma = di(e)/di(b), rate of change of emitter current with respect to change in base current.  Also, alpha = (beta)/(beta - 1), beta = (alpha)/(alpha - 1), and gamma = beta + 1.  For a detailed explanation, check out : http://www.tpub.com/neets/book7/25f.htm\n\nAnother possible answer: "amplification factor" for any amplifier circuit, regardless of configuration, or whether it uses tubes, BJTs, FETs, etc, refers to its voltage gain, dv(out)/dv(in), the change in output voltage with respect to a change in input voltage.
819326
For wire wound potentiometers, it depends on the number of turns more turns - higher sensitivity.\nFor conductive rubber potentiometers, the sensitivity is very high
521856
Constant current source, diode junction for temperature sensing, and a gain/offset circuit for scaling to 10mV/deg C.\n\nIf you look at the diagram in the product folder, its pretty easy to see whats going on.\nhttp://www.national.com/pf/LM/LM35.html\n\nThey get the accuracy without taking 2 measurements at different current levels, as is commonly done in diode temperature sensors, by wafer trimming.... which is why the LM35 costs so much more, than a simple diode sensor. The current source, and gain/offset circuitry uses minimal real estate on the die, with interconnects and physicial handling issues consuming almost as much as the circuit needs. The cost is a funtion of the extra time needed for trimming, and of course the manufacturing yield.
746498
As you go back in time, the electrical measurements were not always measured with a digital display.\n\nWhen you are using an analog device - the measurement or reading was shown by a needle or indicator - which is designed with an electro-mechanical principle - based upon electrical deflection in a magnetic field and has been calibrated with a spring loaded element. The springs in pressure gages as well as electrical devices are not always perfectly linear and have a chance to be sticky at the low end ( that is why they always ask you to tap these devices lightly before taking a reading ). Therefore to reduce this error the measurements in analog meters were moved to 4-20 mA, 10-50mA, 1-5 V etc.\n\nHowever with a digital readout device there is no such need, but the continuity wherever it exists is based on the analog measrement history.\n\nThe same is applicable to the pneumatic devices where the signals are of very low pressure vaues such as 3 -15 or 3 -27 psig etc.
805783
db = 10* log (I2/I1)\n40 = 10*log (I2/I1)\n4 = log (I2;I1)\n\nI2/I1 = 10^4;  the anwer is 10,000 times as intense.\n\nNOTE  in answer to the responses below, if the statement says "intensity" that means the POWER level of the sound,  not the pressure amplitude.  (See the reference).  Therefore the factor of 10 is correct.\n\nQuote: "When referring to measurements of power or intensity it is:\n10log(I1/I2)"\n\nAlso, 0db is an arbitrary reference level, and does not mean zero intensity or ampltude.  In acoustics, 0db refers to a pressure amplitude of 10 micropascals.\n\nIn electrical circuits you have to state whether you are referring to power db or voltage db (BOTH are used).  For example, in rating the output of a power amplifier, the ratings are given in power db, but for a voltage amplifier, they are in voltage db.\n\nEDIT AGAIN, final statement:  it is true that if you measure sound with a SPL meter, the db is 20log(I1/I2).  That is because an SPL meter is a Sound Pressure Level meter.
518582
I don't really know, but usually when you're dealing with a coefficient/a ranking based on a known parameter, you have to use a standard item against which to measure. So things like specific gravity are based on an accepted level, and phenolic compounds would be measured against plants widely known to have a certain level.
763583
If it was me, I would specify the Ra or RMS value, the surface type (cast, machined, polished, ect...), and also the surface hardness (Rockwell B or C scale).  If you have access to a Machinery's Handbook, check it out.
386317
V = voltage (volts)\nI = current (amperes)\nR = Resistance (ohms)
887006
pH= -log([H30+])\n\n\njust put the #'s in the above eqn.\n\nfor pOH, its pOH= -log([OH])\nand for pH given [OH], its pH= 14 - (-log([OH])
562853
But if you are not online the number is 1-303-499-7111\n\nThe National Institute of Standards and Technology provides precise audio tones that can be used to calibrate electronic tuning devices. These tones are available over the phone by calling NIST at (303)499-7111 in Colorado. Over 2,000,000 calls a year come into that number.\n\nThe time on your cellphone I have found to be very very reliable - and I have checked it with the above telephone number - never off more than a second or two it seems.
1157531
H0: mu = 10 inches\nHA: mu < 10 inches\n\nThe null always has the equal sign in it.  The alternative has what you wish to show is true.
892272
It tells you when you're at the end point, and the end point is where ever you want it to be, hopefully past but not too far from the equivalence point. \n\nThis isn't always used for pH. Let's say you wanted to know the concentration Sodium in a Na2C2O4 solution. You could use standardized KMnO4 (which is purple) and do a redox reaction which would make CO2 and a bunch of cations (K, Mn, Na). This would be a redox titration, which is different from acid base. This redox titration is actually pretty interesting because a reagent is the indicator, so the end point is when the solution changes to the color of the reactant (this particular reaction is also self catalyzing, which is kinda neat as well).
228013
Do a web search for the parameters.  We would need much more information from you on sample types, volumes, etc and you capabilities, instrumentation available, etc.  All of these are factors in deciding a method.