what are the contrasts in chromosome structure between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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Proks have circular chromosomes, usually quite small (but the can have more that one. For example, the chromosome of E. coli is only about one inch long if stretched out. By contrast, euks have colossal linear chromosomes, so that each cell in your body has about six feet of DNA in it.\n\nEuks have additional complexities to their chromosomes, including multiple origins of replication, centromeres and telomeres, that proks don't need.
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Here's what they have in common:\n1. Cell membrane is present.\n2. Vacuoles are present.\n3. Both are living cells.\n4. Mitochondria is present.\n5. Both are eukaryotic cells. \n6. Nucleus, nuclear membrane and chromatin fibers are present.\n7. Both can reproduce through mitosis. (Advanced animal cells reproduce through meiosis)\n\nPS : Don't take note of those who talk of the absence of mitochondria in plants. It's present. Only chloroplast is absent in animal cell.
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DNA stands for DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID.\nITs one of the type of Nucelic acid.In order to understand the role of DNA its important to understand the structure of DNA in a cell.In prokaryotes-DNA IS NOT ENCLOSED IN A NUCLEUS.Whereas in Eukaryotes-DNA is enclosed in a nucleus.\nSince you want to understand the structure of DNA.\nlets look at its components first\nmonomer of DNA IS NUCLEOTIDE\neach nucleotide is made up of Deoxyribose sugar,Phosphate group and any of the 4 nitrogenous base I.E. ADENINE(A)\nGuanine(G),Thymine(T) and Cytosine(C).Base pairings A-T AND G-C ALWAYS.\nPrimary structure of DNA IS  like a ladder structure and then it forms the DOUBLE HELIX STRUCTURE AND THEN IT GOES TO super coil stage known as Tertiary structure and last is Quartenary structure or chromosome stage, you don't always see DNA in its quartenary stage only when its undegoing cell division otherwise mostly you will see DNA in a supercoil state i.E. Tertiary stage.
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Most prokaryotes are bacteria, and the two terms are often treated as synonyms. Unicellular is another term for them.
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Submetacentric chromosomes have a centromere that is off-center, so that one chromosome arm is longer than the other. When chromosomes are aligned, they are oriented so that the short arm, designated "p" is at the top, and the long arm, designated "q" (simply for what follows the letter "p"), is at the bottom.
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by means of the cell membrane\n\nthe red blood cells although are the standards cells are not like others\n\ncontains no compartilization like most eukaryotes
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Prokaryotes\n1. Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane.\n2. Their DNA is not associates with histones (the proteins that DNA wrap themselves around in eukaryotic cells)\n3. They lack organelles.\n4. Their cell walls almost always contain peptidoglycan.\n5. They divide through binary fission.\n\nAtomicQuasar, all bacteria are prokaryotes, and thanks for adding that the prokaryotes are smaller and simpler and have plasmid.\n\nEukaryotes\n1. Their DNA is found in the cell's nucleus.\n2. DNA can be found on multiple chromosomes.\n3. They have a number of membrane-enclosed organelles.  Including mitochrondia, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex.\n4. Their cell walls are simple in chemical make-up.\n5. They usually divide through mitosis.
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Procaryotes and eucaryotes are types of microorganisms which are classified based on their membranes.  The main difference between procaryotic and eucaryotic microorganism is that the latter has nucleus and membrane-bound organelles while the former does not.  Furthermore, procaryotes are mostly unicellular while eucaryotes are multicellular.
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Prophase I\nIn the leptotene stage, the cell's genetic material, which is normally in a loosely arranged pile known as chromatin, condenses into visible threadlike structures. Along the thread, centromeres are visible as small beads of tightly coiled chromatin. Recall that centromeres are connection sites between sister chromatids, which are not yet distinguishable. As the chromatin becomes progressively ordered and visible, homologous chromosomes find each other and bind together. In this process, called synapsis, a protein structure called the synaptonemal complex attaches the homologous chromosomes tightly together all along their lengths.\n\nThe zygotene stage sees the completion of synapsis. The paired homologous chromosomes are said to be bivalent. They may also be referred to as a tetrad, a reference to the four sister chromatids. During this stage, one percent of DNA that wasn't replicated during S phase is replicated. The significance of this cleanup act is unclear.\n\nThe pachytene stage heralds crossing over. Nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes exchange segments of genetic information. Because the chromosomes cannot be distinguished in the synaptonemal complex, the actual act of crossing over is not perceivable through the microscope.\n\nDuring the diplotene stage, the synaptonemal complex degrades. Homologous chromosomes fall apart and begin to repel each other. The chromosomes themselves uncoil a bit, allowing some transcription of DNA. They are held together by virtue of recombination nodules, betraying the sites of previous crossing over, the chiasmata.\n\nChromosomes recondense during the diakinesis stage. Sites of crossing over entangle together, effectively overlapping, making chiasmata clearly visible. In general, every chromosome will have crossed over at least once. The nucleoli disappears and the nuclear membrane disintegrates into vesicles.\n\nDuring these stages, centrioles are migrating to the two poles of the cell. These centrioles, which were duplicated during interphase, function as microtubule coordinating centers. Centrioles sprout microtubules, essentially cellular ropes and poles, during crossing over. They invade the nuclear membrane after it disintegrates, attaching to the chromosomes at the kinetochore. The kinetochore functions as a motor, pulling the chromosome along the attached microtubule toward the originating centriole, like a train on a track. There are two kinetochores on each tetrad, one for each centrosome. Prophase I is the longest phase in meiosis.\n\nMicrotubules that attach to the kinetochores are known as kinetochore microtubules. Other microtubules will interact with microtubules from the opposite centriole. These are called nonkinetochore microtubules
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although all the answers represent components of eukaryotic genomes, e is the best answer\n\nhere is a link with some additonal info\n\nhttp://www.biologynews.net/archives/2005/05/02/scientists_track_stealth_dna_elements_in_primate_evolution.html
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eukaryotic\n\neu means true\nkary refers to nucleus\n\nwe have true nuclei in our cells
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In the most general sense, cellular life falls into one of 2 categories: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.  Prokaryotic cells are relatively small (1-10 um) and lack a nucleus and other major organelles as found in eukaryotic cells.  Prokaryotic cells are reminiscent of the earliest forms of life that appeared perhaps as much as 4.0 billion years ago.  The forms of life found today known as bacteria are the only living things made of prokaryotic cells.  Most bacteria are unicellular and very tiny, but some form small filaments or clusters of cells known as cyanophytes (aka blue-green algae). Eukaryotic cells are on average much larger and internally more complex than prokaryotic cells; we will investigate them is greater detail in this lab later.
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two copies of chromosomes ion the same cell
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There are two general classes of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The evolution of prokaryotic cells preceded that of eukaryotic cells by 2 billion years.\n\nHumans, of course, are an example of multicellular eukaryotes. \nThe major similarities between the two types of cells (prokaryote and eukaryote) are: \nThey both have DNA as their genetic material. \nThey are both membrane bound. \nThey both have ribosomes . \nThey have similar basic metabolism . \nThey are both amazingly diverse in forms. \nThe major and extremely significant difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles , while prokaryotes do not. The DNA of prokaryotes floats freely around the cell; the DNA of eukaryotes is held within its nucleus. The organelles of eukaryotes allow them to exhibit much higher levels of intracellular division of labor than is possible in prokaryotic cells. Additional obvious differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes include: \n\nSize \nEukaryotic cells are, on average, ten times the size of prokaryotic cells. \nGenomic composition and length \nThe DNA of eukaryotes is much more complex and therefore much more extnsive than the DNA of prokaryotes. \nCell Wall \nProkaryotes have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan, a single large polymer of amino acids and sugar . Many types of eukaryotic cells also have cell walls, but none made of peptidoglycan. \n\n\nCell theory :\n1.All organisms are made up of one or more cells. \n2.The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in living things. \n3.All cells are essentially the same in chemical composition
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Suface Area and Transport Distance. I Strongly Suspect the Reason Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic Cells Are the Size they Are is Because of Evolutionary Optimization by Natural Selection.
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1. Eukaryotes can be multicellular or unicellular.  Prokaryotes (bacteria) are single celled organisms.\n2. Mitochondria and golgi apparatus can be found in skin cells.
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Cell membranes and cytoplasm are structures of all cells--both prokaryotic and eukaryotic.  Prokaryotic cells do not have any of the membrane-bound organelles, such as a nucleus, Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, etc.