Chemical reactions involved in the formation of natural and synthetic rubber?
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Natural rubber is formed in the plant H. brasileinsis as a colloidal dispersion of nanoscale latex particles in water. It is made by head-tail condensation of isoprene units derived from isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP). \nNatural rubber from H. brasileinsis contains some 5,000-10,000 isoprene units exclusively in cis configuration.\nIn contrast, there are many ways to produce rubber synthetically, but the most common is a co polymerisation of a diene and an alkene e.g. SBR rubber is formed from the copolymerisation of butadiene and phenylethene.  This is carried out using a process called emulsion polymerisation which is very similar to the process used in nature. If you need anything else try reading Chemistry Review volume 11 number 4 (April 2002)
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the shell turns into a rubber-like substance eventually
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I would have to guess that it involves the neutralization reaction of more than 2 substances.\n\nJust a guess
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ClOC-(CH2)10-COCl + H2N-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-NH2 -------->\nadipoyl chloride         +    hexamethylene diamine\nH2N-(CH2)6-NH(O)C-(CH2)10-CO-NH-(CH2)6-NH(O)C-(CH2)...etc\n\nDifficult to do without drawing, but adipoyl chloride is the acid chloride shown, and hexamethylene diamine is the diamine drawn, the second molecule.  \n\nThe amine has two nucleophilic centres, and the acid chloride, two elextrophilic centres.  These react together to form a long polymeric chain of many repeating units.  There are many forms of Nylon, which are made in the same way using molecules of different chain lengths.  FOr example the first form of Nylon was Nylon 6,6 - made from the same amine as yours, but from an acid chloride containing 4 less methylene (CH2) spacers.  The bonds joining the two molecules together are AMIDE or PEPTIDE bonds.  These are the same bonds which join amino acids together to make proteins, which are formed from DNA.\n\nI hope this helps.
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Vulcanized rubber was invented in 1843, so it came first. Look up Charles Goodyear.
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Natural rubber is obtained from the milky secretion (latex) of various plants, but the only important commercial source of natural rubber (sometimes called Pará rubber) is the tree Hevea brasiliensis. The only other plant under cultivation as a commercial rubber source is guayule (Parthenium argentatum), a shrub native to the arid regions of Mexico and the SW United States. To soften the rubber so that compounding ingredients can be added, the long polymer chains must be partially broken by mastication, mechanical shearing forces applied by passing the rubber between rollers or rotating blades. Thus, for most purposes, the rubber is ground, dissolved in a suitable solvent, and compounded with other ingredients, e.g., fillers and pigments such as carbon black for strength and whiting for stiffening; antioxidants; plasticizers, usually in the form of oils, waxes, or tars; accelerators; and vulcanizing agents. The compounded rubber is sheeted, extruded in special shapes, applied as coating or molded, then vulcanized. Most Pará rubber is exported as crude rubber and prepared for market by rolling slabs of latex coagulated with acid into thin sheets of crepe rubber or into heavier, firmly pressed sheets that are usually ribbed and smoked.
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Most are made of rubber.
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Depends entirely on the type of rubber, age, exposure to the elements, etc.  It is so widely variable there really is no answer.
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try this\n\nhttp://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/inorganic/faq/iron-reactions.shtml
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Synthesis - a compound forms from simpler reactants
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How are Rubber Bands made :\n\na) Mixing & Compounding\n\nThe rubber is mixed with various chemicals in required proportions depending on rubber content. This compounded mixture is then strained to ensure that there are no extraneous materials in compounded material.\n\nb) Extrusion\n\nThe compounded rubber is then put into an extrusion machine. This extrudes the rubber into tubing form using specific die heads to achieve a required diameter and wall thickness. The tubing is then cut into lengths and put onto mandrels of the same size / diameter.\n\nc) Curing\n\nThe tubing now on mandrels is put into an autoclave (oven) to ensure tubing reaches it's set form. The tubing is then blown off the mandrels for passing to the cutting area.\n\nd) Cutting\n\nThe tubing is then fed into rotary cutters to cut into designated cut widths of rubber bands.
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Rubber in contact with other surfaces can yield friction coefficients from 1.0 to 2.0.\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction
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There are thousands of polymers all with very different chemical and physical properties.  so a simple answer can not be given.  perhaps a specific polymer would obtain better responses.
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no latex is made of man made substances and costs a lot more than natural rubber. natural rubber is from trees and latex is made in factories (plants)
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The solid product is calcium carbonate, which is chalk :)\n\nHere's the balanced reaction if you're interested:\nCaCl2 (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) ----> 2 NaCl(aq) + CaCO 3(s)
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CO2\nCarbon Dioxide\nHere is the reaction:\nHC2H3O2(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) ----> NaC2H3O2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
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Ah ha.  Thermite.  Magnesium ribbon would be the usual method to start this reaction.\n\nBe careful with this reaction...