critical angle of light?
402261
when light is travelling in a optically denser medium to a rarer medium, hte angle of incidence corresponding to which angle of refraction is 90 degrees is called critical angle for the pair of media.
501994
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electronic/posfe.html#c3\n\nThe link above may be of some help. Input the values you want or need.
174710
It's a FresnelC function.  Check out the link.
55652
light density or intensity? if you're talking about intensity then it depends on distance. that's an inverse square relationship.
419817
deviation= (refractive index -1)*angle of prism\n\nif prism angle is small...\nand\ndependence of rf with wavelength is given by cauchy's formula\n\nrf= A/wavelength....  A is constant\n\nso dependence (deviation) proportional to [(1/wavelength) -1)]
651191
Phase matching is also a strongly variant function of temperature, more so than phase matching angle.  You have to specify at what temperture the gain medium is held constant in order to specify the optimum phase matching angle.  Phase matching is also a function of the signal wavelength, which you have generalized verily from 3-12 microns.  The angle is gonna change so much over that wavelength range that you can't specify a single best phase matching angle.\n\nWhat do you have, an OPO?  What's this application?
299002
Isn't it 72/(4*pi*r^2) = 0.637 lux\n\noops the answer is 8 it's just 72 cd/3^2 = 8\n\nmy original answer is for 72 lumen
276802
Refractive index depend uopn the material. Unfortunately u did not maintain the material. The value is sin i/sin r, where i=angle if incidence and r=angle of refraction. So refractive index cannot be zero, all other value can be possible for different material.
751077
Yes...\n\nThe refraction indecces\n\nn =c/v, but c = wave lenght * frequency
1151404
If the deflection surface has any diffraction or diffusion to it, the light may just be redirected imperfectly. 12kV? Jumpin Gigawatts!
1078871
you have not given the distance on screen D\nso i took D=5cm\n \nso displacement y=m*wavelenght*D/d\n                             =0.4152 cm\n\nand angle q=4.7469 degree\n\nok if you don understand then go on this link and put the values
485679
refractive index = 1 / sin of critical angle\nrefractive index is 1 / sin30\n1/1/2\n=2
282836
First realize that since the beam is passing through something, reflection has nothing to do with it.  The only possible answer is the one that mentions refraction.
890895
depends on charge density, configuration of layers, solar activity, magnetic field, etc\nf_{critical} = 9 x10^-3 /sqrt{N}, where N is electron density per cm^3\n\nIt's around 1-4MHz
706960
Assuming theta is the angle the ray from the light to P makes with the vertical. Call the height x, then distance to light is sqrt(x^2+100), intensity = 1/(x^2+100) * x/sqrt(x^2+100), or x/(x^2+100)^1.5.\nFrom the ref., the derivative is\n1 / (x^2 + 100) ^ 1.5 - 3 * x^2 / (x^2 + 100)^2.5 (sparing myself the tedium of the chain rule.) Set the derivative = 0 and multiply by (x^2 + 100)^2.5, yielding x^2 + 100 - 3 * x^2 = 100 - 2 * x^2 = 0, so the derivative is 0 at x = sqrt(50) = sqrt(100*0.5) =10*sqrt(0.5). Thus the light should be at 7.07m height.
263621
Reflection of flashlight in the retina.\n\nFurther details:
25372
Really interesting question. \n\nThe Abbe Sine Condition is explained simply and clearly online, see the link below. \n\nBasically it is a simple mathematical formula which predicts how to make lenses form a sharp, good quality image. It simply relates the angles of two kinds of light ray and helps in lens design.\n\nThe two kinds of light rays he talks about are rays beaming in close to the center line and rays starting at the center line and beaming outwards to the outer edges of the aperture (opening) of the lens.\n\nThese two types of rays are called paraxial (because they are almost PARAllel to the AXIs) and marginal rays (because they head towards the MARGIN or edge of the lens opening). \n\nThese simple equations are still used today in Computer Graphics for tracing the paths of light rays and producing realistic effects.\n\nAbbe was a cool guy, he was one of the first managers to insist on an eight hour day for his workers.