What is frame relay in networking?
412016
A packet-switching protocol for connecting devices on a Wide Area Network (WAN). Frame relay networks in the United States support data transfer rates at T-1 (1.544 Mbps) and T-3 (45 Mbps) speeds. Most telephone companies now provide frame relay service for customers who want connections from 56 Kbps to T-1 speeds.
268008
http://www.thirdage.com/features/tech/netglos/ here is some net lingo
1001572
Hi, \nWow what a question...\n\nI think it has to do with "how relays work".\nI ENCOURAGE you to check the following website..its really a GREAT site and you will find your answer ... for sure!
864767
pwr = power\nsync = Synchronised (Sync occurs whilst you connect to your ISP)\nOnline = Connected\nWLAN = Wireless Local Area Network\nLan = Local Area Network
451331
Types of computer network\n\n1) A bus network is a network architecture in which a set of clients are connected via a shared communications line, called a bus. There are several common instances of the bus architecture, including one in the motherboard of most computers, and those in some versions of Ethernet networks.\n\nBus networks are the simplest way to connect multiple clients, but often have problems when two clients want to transmit at the same time on the same bus. Thus systems which use bus network architectures normally have some scheme of collision handing or collision avoidance for communication on the bus, quite often using Carrier Sense Multiple Access or the presence of a bus master which controls access to the shared bus resource.\n\nA true bus network is passive – the computers on the bus simply listen for a signal; they are not responsible for moving the signal along. However, many active architectures can also be described as a "bus", as they provide the same logical functions as a passive bus; for example, switched Ethernet can still be regarded as a logical bus network, if not a physical one. Indeed, the hardware may be abstracted away completely in the case of a software bus.\n\nWith the dominance of switched Ethernet over passive Ethernet, passive bus networks are uncommon in wired networks. However, almost all current wireless networks can be viewed as examples of passive bus networks, with radio propagation serving as the shared passive medium.\n\n\n2) Star networks are one of the most common computer network topologies. In its simplest form, a star network consists of one central switch, or hub computer which acts as a router to transmit messages.\n\nWhen applied to a bus-based network, this central hub rebroadcasts all transmissions received from any peripheral node to all peripheral nodes on the network, sometimes including the originating node. All peripheral nodes may thus communicate with all others by transmitting to, and receiving from, the central node only. The failure of a transmission line linking any peripheral node to the central node will result in the isolation of that peripheral node from all others, but the rest of the systems will be unaffected.\n\nIf the central node is passive, the originating node must be able to tolerate the reception of an echo of its own transmission, delayed by the two-way transmission time (i.e. to and from the central node) plus any delay generated in the central node. An active star network has an active central node that usually has the means to prevent echo-related problems.\n\n3) A ring network is a topology of computer networks where each node is connected to two other nodes, so as to create a ring. The most popular example is a token ring network.\n\nRing networks tend to be inefficient when compared to star networks because data must travel through more points before reaching its destination. For example, if a given ring network has eight computers on it, to get from computer one to computer four, data must travel from computer one, through computers two and three, and to its destination at computer four. It could also go from computer one through eight, seven, six, and five until reaching four, but this method is slower because it travels through more computers.\n\n4) Mesh networking is a way to route data, voice and instructions between nodes. It allows for continuous connections and reconfiguration around blocked paths by "hopping" from node to node until a connection can be established.\n\nMesh networks are self-healing: the network can still operate even when a node breaks down or a connection goes bad. As a result, a very reliable network is formed. This concept is applicable to wireless networks, wired networks, and software interaction.\n\nA mesh network is a networking technique which allows inexpensive peer network nodes to supply back haul services to other nodes in the same network. It effectively extends a network b
338401
Interconnection, an ISO standard for worldwide communications that defines a networking framework for implementing protocols in seven layers.\n\nApplication(Layer 7) \nThis layer supports application and end-user processes. Communication partners are identified, quality of service is identified, user authentication and privacy are considered, and any constraints on data syntax are identified. Everything at this layer is application-specific. This layer provides application services for file transfers, e-mail, and other network software services. Telnet and FTP are applications that exist entirely in the application level. Tiered application architectures are part of this layer. \n\nPresentation(Layer 6) \nThis layer provides independence from differences in data representation (e.g., encryption) by translating from application to network format, and vice versa. The presentation layer works to transform data into the form that the application layer can accept. This layer formats and encrypts data to be sent across a network, providing freedom from compatibility problems. It is sometimes called the syntax layer. \n\nSession(Layer 5) This layer establishes, manages and terminates connections between applications. The session layer sets up, coordinates, and terminates conversations, exchanges, and dialogues between the applications at each end. It deals with session and connection coordination. \nTransport(Layer 4)\n This layer provides transparent transfer of data between end systems, or hosts, and is responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control. It ensures complete data transfer. \nNetwork(Layer 3)\n This layer provides switching and routing technologies, creating logical paths, known as virtual circuits, for transmitting data from node to node. Routing and forwarding are functions of this layer, as well as addressing, internetworking, error handling, congestion control and packet sequencing. \nData Link(Layer 2) \nAt this layer, data packets are encoded and decoded into bits. It furnishes transmission protocol knowledge and management and handles errors in the physical layer, flow control and frame synchronization. The data link layer is divided into two sublayers: The Media Access Control (MAC) layer and the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer. The MAC sublayer controls how a computer on the network gains access to the data and permission to transmit it. The LLC layer controls frame synchronization, flow control and error checking. \nPhysical(Layer 1)\n This layer conveys the bit stream - electrical impulse, light or radio signal -- through the network at the electrical and mechanical level. It provides the hardware means of sending and receiving data on a carrier, including defining cables, cards and physical aspects. Fast Ethernet, RS232, and ATM are protocols with physical layer components.
972543
Today's star topologies are connected via an active switch, which eliminates collisions...thus higher throughput.\n\nIf you use a passive hub instead, yes, you will have collisions as more and more devices are added to the lan...along with exponential backoffs and slower throughput.
15386
In a basic rundown, it uses packets.  Each packet is made of bits of information.  The packet has a header and trailer used to notate what the packet contains and also some error correction information to ensure that it did not get corrupted in transit.  It is also important to note that while it is still in the "network" it is called a frame, and when it is outside of the netowork its a packet.  A packet travels from yahoo.com into your companys network where it becomes a frame, then to your computer.
429711
Different protocols divide the network stack differently ( network stack - from where an application or program "hooks" in to the network at the software level down to the media connection { e.g. wires } and signaling) . Some protocols only use parts of the stack.\n\nDifferent layers of the stack do different processing depending on the protocol. For instance TCP/IP partitions the stack into 5 layers. NetBeui essentially only uses the upper half of the stack. WAN protocols rarely go above the global addressing area that is located about half way up the stack from the media ( IP area ). Usually WAN protocols stay around the bottom of the stack.\n\nIn essence data is divided into pieces at various layers to make it small enough to send and it is also "encapsulated" in different ways. Encapsulated can mean adding extra information in front of the data and/or behind the data. This information is used for different things for example making sure the data gets sent to the right place ( IP, AppleTalk, IPX ) or another example making sure the data that is sent has not been changed when it gets received ( Ethernet CRC check in the trailer ). This processing happens as the data passes from upper program to lower media at different levels depending on what the protocol's purpose is. The encapsulation is also "read" when the receiving machine receives, and the encapsulation essentially can contain instructions or necessary data for the receiving machine so that the receiving machine can send the original data properly up to the receiving program in the receiving machine. \n\nThere are also devices in between the two machines that read the different encapsulations around the data ( and possibly change it )so in between machines can do things like send the information along to another receiving device and making sure they are sending it to the right device.\n\nThis said, the TCP IP stack is a very common way of viewing the network. Another common way is the ISO's ( International Standards Organization's ) 7 layer OSI model.\n\nYou can find information all over the internet about the layers. For a good general overview go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP\n\nRFCs( Request For Comments) give general to specific information about various protocols. You can find them at http://www.rfc-editor.org/ . Search for STD0001.\n\nThe ISO can be located at http://www.iso.org/iso/en/ISOOnline.frontpage\n\nThere are a lot of other standards bodies to search for but it might be wise to try to understand the TCP/IP model and the OSI model first.
953269
A bridge is a device that connects and passes packets between two network segments that use the same communications protocol. Bridges operate at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI reference model. A bridge will filter, forward or flood an incoming frame based on the MAC address of that frame. \nsee pic of a bridge at :\nhttp://www.computertimes.com/sep04Image179.gif\n\n\nA router is an intelligent connecting device that can send packets to the correct LAN segment to take them to their destination. Routers link LAN segments at the network layer of the OSI Reference Model for computer to computer communications. The networks connected by routers can use similar or different networking protocols. The most popular interior routing protocol is OSPF and the most popular exterior routing protocol is BGP. \nSee pic of a router at :\nhttp://www.netiks.co.yu/images3/5000%20series%20router%20picture.jpg
603942
it shows the data transfer is going on in the network\n it blinks at fixed interval of time
551849
http://testbusters.net/subnetting.html
116354
http://www.networkphysics.com/products/literature/case_studies/mpls.shtml
733151
"In May, 1974, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) published a paper titled "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection." The paper's authors -- Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn -- described a protocol called "TCP" that incorporated both connection-oriented and datagram services.\n \n It soon became apparent to the two men that this design should be subdivided into two separate protocols. Session management was not easy to do in an application-independent way. In practice, an application could sometimes run more efficiently or be implemented more easily when it managed network connections itself. "TCP" became Internet Protocol (IP) that supported datagrams and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP/IP) that added connection semantics as a layer on top of IP".
12116
What does 'frame a question' mean?
801359
ATM, is the protocol used on the WAN.  There's other WAN protocols out there.  Frame Relay (older protocol) and now with GigE available, it's slowly replacing ATM.
268977
Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a protocol that one program can use to request a service from a program located in another computer in a network without having to understand network details.