operation of successive approximation analogue-to-digital converters?
398218
Successive approximation A/D's work similar to a binary search algorithm.  The result can be very accurate if the A/D is designed correctly and the rate of the analog signal is relatively slow compared to the clock of the A/D, or a sample and hold block is used.  \nhere is an example of the operation (for this example a 4bit and that the input voltage is 1.2V):\n1.  using a DAC apply 1000 as a reference the  "1" is the test bit (say 1000 =1V)\n2.  Compare analog signal to this reference (result true) therefore the test bit is kept\n3.  Now apply the next test bit and the kept bit 1100 (the one in the 4's place is the new test bit and the one in the 8's place is the kept bit 1100= 1.5V)\n4.  Compare analog signal to this reference (result is false 1.2V <1.5V) therefore test bit is not kept\n5.  Now apply the next test bit and the kept bit 1010 (the one in the 2's place is the new test bit and the "10" in the 8,4's place is the kept bits 1010= 1.25V)\n6. Compare analog signal to this reference (result is false 1.2V <1.25V) therefore test bit is not kept.\n7. Now apply the next test bit and the kept bit 1001 (the one in the 1's place is the new test bit and the "100" in the 8,4,2's place is the kept bits 1001= 1.125V)\n8. Compare analog signal to this reference (result is true 1.2V >1.125V) therefore test bit is kept.\nResult is 1001\n\nHope this helps
243832
Since it is only 16 options, you can just use a logic circuit. If it were more it would be best to convert each bit to analog with a summing op-amp circuit and have each bit input resistor double the last value. Then the two values could be fed into a comparator. A special logic circuit would need to be added for the equal [same as below] which would then logically override the comparator output for a 1 or 0 meaning L or G. \n[it would do this by making the outputs: \nG = comparator_output and not E  \nL = not comparator_output and not e]\n\nTo make the logic circuit you will need a bunch of logic gates. You can do everything with a slew of two input nor gates, or you can get some ands, ors, xors, and inverters of as many as 4 inputs each. That is up to you. \n\nTo figure out how to hook them up you need to draw a grid that is 4x4, down the side label it with the first number AB possible values:00,01,10,11 across the top label it with the second number CD possible values:00,01,10,11.\n\nNow in the grid fill in what output you want, presumably you will have three outputs, E,L, and G. E would be diagnal from top left to bottom right. The six above and right are Gs, and the six below and left are Ls.\n\nLike this except straight and with lines:\nAB  CD:00,01,10,11\n00      E  G  G  G\n01      L  E  G  G\n10      L  L  E  G\n11      L  L  L  E\n\nnow take each area that you can can and work it into the logic equation. For example the Es are two xor gates ANDed together. \nE = ((a xor c) and (b xor d)) [this is kind of by definition of equals there was no real trick here]\n\nthen you can see the top-right four Gs can easily be singled out with:\nG(1)=(c and (not a))  [that is c is 1 and a is 0]\n\nnow you can do the same for the Ls on the bottom left:\nL(1)=(a and (not c))\n\nNow you can pick up the straglers one at a time or as a group. for example the AB/CD=11/10 is an L, and so is the entire bottom row where ab=11 except for the E which is already known. so you could do this:\n\nL(2)=(a and b and c and (not d)) [to pick it up alone]\nor \nL(2)=(a and b and (not e)) [which gets some other Ls you already got which is fine since you are going to and all the Ls together later to get the final L]\n\nnow you need L(3) and then pick up G(2) and G(3) the same way. After that the final step is to or them all together:\n\nL= L(1) or L(2) or L(3) [same for Gs]\n\nNow you can take the rules for modifying and simplifying the gates down to only 2-input nors if you want, or you can keep all the various gates and hook them all up. \n\nIf you really want to get fancy then you can send the output to an alphanumeric LED and actually print the letter, but that is a whole nother task. \n\nEach segment would then be either always on, always off, or some logical combination of the three outputs G and E [since the L segments would always be on]
547359
two 4066's?  Try maxim www.maxim-ic.com, or possibly on semiconductor www.onsemi.com i'm sure there are many multi channel analogue switches - what are you using it for?
961641
http://hamilton.bell.ac.uk/hncexam/Samplepaper.doc ;-)
1184980
Differential equations is very useful to electronics inductries. This is commonly used in designing electrical circuit and their responses to the signals. Input current response, voltage responses and even time decay is critical to the computation of integrated circuit responses. Without is certain electrical functions such as response time, triggering mode, active and inactive function regions will not be possible.
42408
Something that calculates numbers in rapid succession.
1151044
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_6/chpt_7/5.html\nhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/electronic/nandlatch.html
150653
http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/step/circuits.html\n\nyou might consider buying the chips that do most of the hard part unless you are trying to learn how they work in which case that link is just perfect.
269745
Good day:\n\nCircular buffer is very important to store analog data before transfering to digital format. Circular buffer is effective to swicth to many devices simultaneously. Intel webiste provide lots of DSP information!\n\nThank you, bye!
246250
A bistable multivibrator is a fancy word for a flip flop.\n\nSo there are several answers possible here. The easiest is to make the 4 transistors into two 2-input NOR or NAND gates and cross couple them (see below). Of course, that assumes by transistor you mean bipolar and not FET, but the ideas are the same either way.
544643
Simply put, you break analog signals down into sinusoidal functions. Thus a signal that is analog can be expressed as a bunch of specific sine functions.
859562
www.learnelectronics.com
67926
Here's all you need to know about "phase-locked loops"\nhttp://www.uoguelph.ca/~antoon/gadgets/pll/pll.html
122827
Well i'm not sure specificially but my guess is your looking for some kind of video controller thing?  You might try a search at digikey.com for such a thing.  Also if you wanted the exercise you could use a state machine and some sram to output the correct signals.  An easier way might be to make a high speed DAC device that constantly plays the same pice of sram at a really high frequency then use software to write the correct NTSC signal.  kind of like a really fast sound card.  If you have some old isa video cards see if one has a DIP ramdac, then use a torch to carefully desolder it.    voila, instant analog front end for the project.  some even have a palette ram built right in?\n\nThe best place i've found for datasheets is http://alldatasheet.com/
436468
More info is needed. \n\nWhat is the pass band frequency, what is the spectral content of the input signal. Ideally how steep do you want it?
61446
http://babbage.cs.qc.edu/courses/cs341/IEEE-754references.html\n\nhelpful info\ncheck 3 links..make sure u also learn the calculations dont rely on calculators
437960
why not try Danube's Enigma, it is easy and fulfills the requirements of all matlab projects!\n:)