How does PCR help DNA fingerprinting?
414422
PCR involves\na) marking a region of DNA with borders (also called primers), say A and B, and then\nb) amplifying the DNA flanked by these primers. \n\nFor DNA finger printing, the A and B are chosen such that the, region between them varies in length across individuals. This is because certain elements (i.e., stretches of nucleotides) present between the A and B vary in their number. So, when PCR is performed, the product length varies depending on the template DNA taken from different individuals. \n\nBy the electrophoresis technique, the PCR products of different length can be visualized and one can detect the differences between the individuals. Thus, the VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) among individuals is the basis of DNA finger printing by PCR.
276127
any biological item has DNA,hair,saliva,blood- doesnt take much to capture a dna sample
299980
PCR is a reaction in which you use a small template which is complimentary to a stretch of DNA you are interested in to make multiple copies of a section of DNA.  During the process, you are making multiple complimentary copies.  rDNA refers to recombinant DNA technology, in which you change the sequence of a stretch of DNA.  You can do this with PCR, by adding tails of DNA sequences to be inserted into the primer, or amplify a recombinant DNA sequence, but PCR is ancillary to rDNA techniques, and wouldnt generally be considered to be rDNA technology.
492660
as far as i know its used for DNA figerprinting in electophoresis (i didnt spell that right).  basically you use a gel like substance, put DNA fragments in it (mixed w. dye) and put this in a solution and hook the one end of the whole device to a negative battery side or something and the other end to a positive side and the DNA fragments will seperate and u can use it to match up DNA samples w. people etc.
632631
What's the size of your oligonucleotide and its concentration?  There's no recommended concentration for primers since you must input as much primer as your sample requires.  Determine your sequnce size and concentration first, then correlated it using: http://dna.chmcc.org/dnaseq/html/primconcalc.html and work on that.\n\nGet cracking.
783294
They'll usually hire an outside agency to do it.  Can be a company that specializes in that, some security companies do it, local police department or sheriff's office, state Bureau of Investigations office.  I think there's some web sites as well, you pay a fee and can run checks on people, but I don't think they'd have access to fingerprint information.  \n\nAs far as just criminal histories, that's public information.  Most states/counties have web sites you can look up individual's traffic citations, arrests, or civil claims.  Most you can look right on line, others you have to mail in a request.
736965
This might help a little with the DNA part.
722412
The dual utility of DNA fingerprinting for the prosecution and the defense actually surfaced at its first use in police work. In 1986, two years after the technology was invented by Alec Jeffries of Leicester University in the United Kingdom, a girl was raped and murdered several miles from Jeffries's laboratory. \n\nA suspect confessed to the crimes, but denied a previous, similar crime. A DNA test confirmed that denial -- and when the police DNA-tested evidence from the recent murder, they discovered that the suspect's DNA was similarly absent. The suspect, once confessed but twice innocent, walked free. With both crimes now unsolved, the police found a pretext to collect blood from local men and eventually found and nailed a man whose DNA appeared at both crime scenes. "It was an extraordinarily auspicious beginning...," wrote Harlan Levy, a former New York City prosecutor. "In its first known application to a murder case, DNA testing fulfilled both its promises, clearing an innocent man and helping convict a guilty one." \n\nDNA fingerprinting was a whole lot less decisive in the O.J. Simpson case: The ex-footballer walked on double murder charges, even though his blood was found in compromising situations. The jury decided that the DNA evidence was tainted by police misconduct. While the DNA was neither convincing nor convicting, the Simpson trial forever changed the legal treatment of DNA: \n\nThe procedures for collecting and processing DNA have been tightened. With the tests considered unassailable, proper handling of evidence is crucial. \n\nJudges and juries know the basic science of testing -- or at least accept its scientific validity. George Gaucys, HLA/paternity laboratory manager at the American Red Cross in Madison, Wis., says, "There's less need to testify," in the 700 or so paternity cases his lab handles each year. (DNA fingerprinting is used to prove paternity so states can prod fathers to fund their children's upbringing.) \n \nDNA fingerprinting and the databases needed to take maximum legal advantage of them do raise privacy and ethical concerns. Some observers fear any misuse of the FBI's national DNA database, the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS). "These are technologies in which powerful organs in society control members with less power," Philip Bereano, a director of the American Civil Liberties Union, told Time in 1999 (see "DNA Detectives" in the bibliography). "They are inherently violative of civil rights." CODIS went online in 1998, offering access to state data on DNA related to rape, murder and child abuse. \n\nAnd that's fine with prosecutors, who note that given the difficulty of preventing repeat crimes by sex offenders, and the gravity of rape and murder, databases are the fastest, best protection for the public. \n\nBeyond political and legal acceptance, the increasing use of DNA fingerprinting reflects the introduction of a faster, cheaper and better technique that can produce a conviction from a pin-head size drop of blood. In fact, even a few skin cells may do the trick. Says Laber, "We've had good luck with cigarette butts, stamps, envelopes, ski masks, even a hat band. If you lose a hat or an article of clothing, there's a reasonable chance" your skin cells may be found on it.
26579
gel electrophoresis can be used in forensic science as well as in maternity@paternity testing.here wat they do is from the place where the crime has occured if they get some evidence like a bit of hair, or spitted saliva or a small amount of blood any thing else they usually collect these sample they usually extract dna,with tat they set@ioad    withsamples of that particular victim and they usualy have collection of samples from the crime they will run the sample of the victimie the criminal @those of with the suspect.usually in gels we get bands at particular position,if there are identical band found in any one of the suspect @the victim then he is the criminal.
423777
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique for enzymatically replicating DNA without using a living organism, such as E. coli or yeast. The technique allows a small amount of the DNA molecule to be amplified many times, in an exponential manner. With more DNA available, analysis is made much easier. PCR is commonly used in medical and biological research labs for a variety of tasks, such as the detection of hereditary diseases, the identification of genetic fingerprints, the diagnosis of infectious diseases, the cloning of genes, paternity testing, and DNA computing.\n\nExample\n\nThe times and temperatures given in this example are taken from a PCR program that was successfully used on a 250 bp fragment of the C-terminus of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF).\n\nThe reaction mixture consists of :\n\n    * 1.0 µl DNA template (100 ng/µl)\n    * 2.5 µl of primer, 1.25 µl per primer (100 ng/µl)\n    * 1.0 µl Pfu-Polymerase\n    * 1.0 µl nucleotides\n    * 5.0 µl buffer\n    * 89.5 µl H2O\n\nA 200 µl reaction tube containing the 100 µl mixture is inserted into the thermocycler.\n\nThe PCR process consists of the following steps:\n\nStep 1\n    Initialization. The mixture is heated at 96°C for 5 minutes to ensure that the DNA strands as well as the primers have melted. The DNA-Polymerase can be present at initialization, or it can be added after this step.\nStep 2\n    Melting, where it is heated at 96°C for 30 seconds. For each cycle, this is usually enough time for the DNA to denature.\nStep 3\n    Annealing by heating at 68°C for 30 seconds.\nStep 4\n    Elongation by heating 72°C for 45 seconds.\nStep 5\n    Steps 2-4 are repeated 25 times, but with good primers and fresh polymerase, 15 to 20 cycles is sufficient.\nStep 6\n    Mixture is held at 7°C. This is useful if one starts the PCR in the evening just before leaving the lab, so it can run overnight. The DNA will not be damaged at 7°C after just one night.\n\n\n\nThe PCR product can be identified by its size using agarose gel electrophoresis. Agarose gel electrophoresis is a procedure that consists of injecting DNA into agarose gel and then applying an electric current to the gel. As a result, the smaller DNA strands move faster than the larger strands through the gel toward the positive current. The size of the PCR product can be determined by comparing it with a DNA ladder, which contains DNA fragments of known size, also within the gel
569604
It's a process where DNA is moved and separated by electrical currents bands are formed on a gel called agarose.  It shows similarities and differences between relations and non relatives.  The gel created is unique to you and therefore is how DNA testing can tell if the DNA supplied came from a certain source
695792
DNA profiling is used in courts of law to ascertain whether a person's DNA matches the DNA obtained from samples or pieces of legal evidence such as blood stains or hairs.  It also can be used to identify a crime victim or a child's biological parents, to determine whether two people have a common ancestor or in research (to study evolutionary relationships).\nhope i helped =)
838778
To be honest with you i don't quite understand your question, it is often that restriction enzymes are used to create genomic library for which you look into the overlapping sequence and then be able to determine which fragment is next to which. If that is what you have done, you should have used the fragmented DNA sequence to determine the orginall DNA sequence that you digested it with the enzyme, to confirm the sequence you ahve found is correct, you can use PCR, you got the hypothetical sequence, thus by making primers from the start and the end of the sequence (doesn't matter which way round) you should have amplify the same sequence which you started with, you got the amplified DNA (same as the orginal DNA because you used primers that complemented the very start and the very end of the sequence which you found out after the restruction enzyme mapping) run it on gel electrophoresis with a DNA size marker that will include the size of DNA you have sequenced, if the amplified DNA size is the same as the sequence you have found from restriction mapping, that means your primers did complemented from the start and the end, that means the sequence you thought is actually the correct sequnece.\nI am sorry, i don't think i am making this clear enough, but anyway, that's the best i can think of.
953794
Simply DNA is an organic computer program which contains all of the information to grow an organic creature, such as mice, worms and humans.\n\nDNA is all but as individual as you are, so DNA can be used by forensic scientists to narrow down the search for the perp in a murder enquiry.\n\nDNA (if read) can provide much information:\n\napproximate height, hair colour, ethnicity, eye colour, approximate age, etc...
121793
Genetic profiling by employers. \n\nHealth and life insurance companies profiling your DNA to see what diseases you're predisposed to, then charging you high rates for insurance.\n\nLoss of privacy
726530
Experimentally you can do primer extension, which will show the +1 site, from there you can identify the RBS and -10 and -35 sequences.\n\nYou can also do mobility shift assays with RNA polymerase to show that a certain piece of DNA contains the promoter, then do DNAse protection assays to show where the polymerase is actually binding.
520769
Good news: You won't need to read a whole book to get even losts of details as well as the basics: google for a "polymerase chain reaction faq" on the web. Its less complicated than you think. \n\n\nWant to spend less time commuting ? Check out http://www.hallisystem.bravehost.com  \nWrite us.