In what direction do seismic waves go?
396857
All waves travel in all directions from the center of the disturbance until they strike something that stops them or repels them.
1022265
There is no sideways in space, either.\n\nDirections are relative to perspective. The direction that is down to me is the same direction as up is to people on the other side of this round world.\n\nMaybe the earth is inside-out?
899180
In the direction of the velocity vector. That's the best that can be done, given the limited information you have provided.
452085
In longitudinal wave, the compressions (or rarefactions) are taking place parallel to   the direction of the wave motion.\n\nThe compressions and rarefaction of the materials take place about their equilibrium position.\n\nTHEY DO NOT TRAVEL.\n\nThe energy of motion alone is transferred from one place to another place.\n\nIn transverse wave the vibrations take place perpendicular to the motion of the wave. But the vibrations do not move from place to place.\n\nIf one says that the compressions and rarefactions move along the direction of wave,  we can say the vibrations travel along the direction of wave in transverse wave (in any type of wave) also.
142973
Yeah, like the guy above me said. More elequently, it's not knowing WHERE they are going to go, but WHEN.\n\nIt is virtually impossible to tell exactly when sudden displacement along a fault will occur, although the fact that it will eventually occur can be predicted. This is done by comparing the displacement of regions along the fault that move regularly (and without violent earthquakes) to quiet regions that are not experiencing any little quakes. It's the quiet regions that are to be worried about. They just sit and build up elastic potential and then snap all at once without warning.\n\nRule of thumb, do not live along active fault zones, nor on top of any tsunamite deposits (can be recognized by large angular blocks deposited in a diamicton).
164015
If it is what I'm thinking it is, let me put it into simple words.\n\nImagine a heart. The electric waves that make it beat go down ( from the upper to the bottom side) and leftwards\n \nA rightward axis would mean that the elecrical waves take an alternate way, upper to bottom plus left to right\n\nThat doesn't mean much, for it may be caused by several conditions. This is a finding that can be interpreted only  with clinical examination of your husband.
970598
Try this website for information on transverse and longitudinal waves:\n\nhttp://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/waves/wavemotion.html
930795
Shear Wave: A wave in which the disturbance is an elastic deformation perpendicular to the direction of motion of the wave. (Shear waves are also called 'transverse waves.')\n\nShear-wave splitting due to the alignment of vertical cracks in the crust has been widely observed in a variety of tectonic settings and data gathering experiments, from earthquake recordings to controlled-source seismic data. It has also been recognized that the polarization of the fast split shear wave is usually parallel to the local strike of cracks (or direction of the maximum horizontal stress), and that the time delay between fast and slow shear waves is closely related to the intensity of crack-induced anisotropy in the medium.\n\nif you wanna see an image of ahear wave aplit then click on the link below.\nhttp://www.missouri.edu/~sandvole/split.html
164234
This is a complicated question to answer completely, but there are some things one knows.\n\n1. S waves will not travel through fluids since they are tranaverse waves. If there is a part of the earth (like the outer core) that S waves will not travel through, then you know it is fluid. \n\n2. Different types of materials have different speeds of P and S waves\n\n3. Waves can get trapped at boundaries and get to the destination faster (head waves)\n\n4. Waves will bounce off boundaries between two different materials, and show up in the recordings. \n\n5. There are formulae giving speeds of P and S waves in terms of the continuum mechanical properties of the material. \n\n6. The phases, frequencies, and amplitudes, phase and group velocities, travel times, etc of the waves that travel through the earth are all data that can be used to infer the earth's structure. \n\nThere is a lot of analysis that is conducted on seismic data to produce pictures of the interior. The signals are carefully processed, and then turned into pictures of the interior. \n\nOf course, there is a lot more detail in all of this, but this should give you a general idea to start.\n\n----------------\n\n\nHere is a my answer to a previous question about this that might be helpful:\n\n  \n\n\n \n\nThe types of seismic waves, and their amplitudes and speeds, that are transmitted through a material depend on the properties of the material. \n\nFor example, transverse waves will not travel through liquids, only solids. So the transverse S waves produced by a seismic event will not pass through the fluid inner core of the earth. Different layers between different types of materials in the earth produce reflections, so looking at the reflected seismic waves can tell something about the structure and the boundaries between regions in the earth. \n\nMore sophisticated methods for imaging the earth's interior can also be constructed. Seismic simulations can be produced and the models that produced these simulations compared with the observed seismic signals. Using exhaustion or more sophisticated optimization techniques, scientists can refine these models of earth structure. More advanced inverse methods can be developed to infer features of earth structure. \n\nInstead of using high frequency seismic waves, one can look at a seismic modal decomposition, and then develop terrestrial models that reproduce the frequencies, amplitudes and phases of the observed free oscillations using inverse methods.\n\nThe actual details can be quite complicated, and many aspects remain open problems.\n\n-----------\n\nI have attached a link to the previous question and answers that are similar.
781882
P-Wave: These are called 'P' for Primary Wave. They are the ones that travel fastest and thereby are usually "felt" first. They are basically sound waves that travel thru the earth from the epicenter of an earthquake. Physics types know this as a longitudinal wave. It "shakes" things in the same direction it travels. For example, if a P-Wave is traveling West to East, all the things in the way, like people and buildings, will oscillate or move back and forth in the West-East direction. Similar to a long straight line of bumber cars! The one in the rear hits the first one and it hits the one in front of it and so on and so on. After each collision, the car bounces back to its original position only to be hit and bumped forward again. Some properties? \nFAST! They can travel up to 20 times the speed of sound in air! \nUsually noticed like, "I heard the earthquake coming!" This is because it IS, indeed, a sound wave. Most often it isn't noticed tho. \nVery little, if any, damage. \nS-Wave: These Secondary Waves are much slower and much more destructive than P-Waves. They are transverse waves. This means they make the earth vibrate perpendicularly to the direction of the wave travel. Not getting it? Think of a rope loosely held by two people. One person starts moving his/her/its hand up and down rapidly. Notice the "wave" in the rope goes from person 'A' to person 'B' while the rope itself simply vibrates up and down - perpendicular to the direction between the two people. This wave causes damage due to its configuration. It causes buildings to be thrust upward from the ground then the ground drops out from under it as the wave travels by. \nRayleigh Wave: This is a combination P and S-Wave. It's analogous to an ocean wave. It's both longitudinal AND transverse. It's hard to envision, but look at the diagram below. The surface, while being told to vibrate forward and backward in the direction of the wave is also told to vibrate up and down perpendicular to the direction of the wave. Got it? The result is the surface moving in a vertical circular path - back and forth AND up and down. The Rayleigh wave is particularly damaging because it tells structures to move in two directions at once. \nLove Wave: Not a scary sounding wave, right? Damaging, yes! This one is sorta a Rayleigh Wave on its side. It tells the surface to move forward and backward AND left and right at the same time, sorta like a surface circle. Also, very damaging.
958787
Mantle convection moves the plates\n\nAt plate boundaries, there are many forces at work: ridge push, slab pull, trench suction, slab roll back and basal shear resistance to name a few.\n\nThe links go into more detail about the forces and where they working.
425519
there are basically 2 parallel mediums of propagation. air and the outer liquid hemisphere. i expect to see interference also as there will be addition of waveforms.
233888
Ok, at divergent plate boundaries the plates are constantly moving apart\n<---->\nthere are magnetic particles (mostly iron) on the sea floor and when the Earth's polarity switches these tiny particles all switch direction. So you can tell how fast the plates are moving apart and several other interesting things by observing this.
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None of them .L waves causes more damage of all.\nPrimary (P)waves : Pressure waves caused when rock is pushed or pulled forward or backward. Primary waves, the fastest wave sent out by an earthquake, travel down into the earth rather than along the surface.(Remember: P waves - primary,p ressure, push-and-pull\nSecondary (S) waves : Shear waves caused when rock is shaken or whipped from side-to-side, like the wavy motion of a slithery snake. Secondary waves, the second-fastest wave sent out by an earthquake, travel down into the earth rather than along the surface. (Remember: S waves - second, shear, side-to-side)\nSurface (L) waves : Up-and-down (rolling) or side-to-side motion of the earth surface. Surface waves, the slowest earthquake waves, travel along the surface of the earth rather than down into the earth. Although they are the slowest of all earthquake waves, L waves usually cause more damage to society than P or S waves. L waves were named after a geologist who studied them. ( Remember: L waves are always the last to arrive.
168837
Lots of wave phenomenona exhibit both longitudinal and transverse components simultaneously. For example,  \n\na. Seismic waves have both longitudinal and transverse components, the P and S waves. Any physical medium can support both types of mechanical wave (see reference 6 for both longitudinal and transverse waves in a piezoelectric material). \n\nb. Ocean surface waves have both transverse and longitudinal components, and particles near the surface of the ocean execute a retrograde elliptical motion as a result (similar to the Rayleigh wave in seismology). \n\nc. In 2002, the discovery of a trapped boundary seismic wave with both longitudinal and transverse components that travels along the ocean bottom was announced (see reference 7).\n\nWhat about light and de Broglie waves?\n\nThe electromagnetic energy (light) we are familiar with is composed of transverse waves (reference 1). For example, light can be polarized, which is a feature of transverse waves. The spin states of the photon viewed as a particle are analagous to the polarization of an electromagnetic wave. However, the polarization of a photon is circular (either left or right), which is a more accurate way to visualize photon spin states (see reference 8, 9). \n\nNormally, the longitudinal component of photons corresponds to a nonphysical gauge (see reference 2). In standard theory, as long as the photons travel at the speed of light, they cannot have a longitudinal component. However, virtual photons have a nonzero-rest mass, and travel at less than the speed of light, so they can have a longitudinal component (references 3, 4). \n\nA Russian journal article that discusses the possibility of longitudinal electromagnetic waves in any medium can be found in reference 12. \n\nThe de Broglie waves of matter that are the basis of quantum mechanics also have spin states, something like a transverse wave (as shown in the Stern-Gerlach experiment; see reference 8). The Schrodinger equation for the propagation of these waves is a scalar equation for the wave function (whose modulus squared gives the probability of finding a particle at a given position in time and space, for example), so it does not give much indication of the nature of the wave itself. However, the more general relativistic Dirac equation is a vector PDE (or more properly, a spinor PDE), and the wavefunction in this case is a 4-dimensional spinor. Plane-wave solutions of the Dirac equation admit both positive and negative energy eigenvalues, corresponding to 2 different spin states.\n\nIn some conditions, such as having discrete time, it is possible to find longitudinal solutions called "oscillons" to the Dirac equation (see reference 10). Dirac's interpretation of the lack of time-like longitudinal solutions to his equation was connected to the existence of the time-energy uncertainty relation. As pointed out in reference 11, there are space-like longitudinal solutions to the Dirac equations. \n\nNikola Tesla, who appears to have headed off into pseudoscience the last few years of his career, believed that photons in a vacuum travel as a longitudinal wave.Nikola Tesla wrote: " I showed that the universal medium is a gaseous body in which only longitudinal pulses can be propagated, involving alternating compressions and expansions similar to those produced by sound waves in the air. Thus, a wireless transmitter does not propagate Hertz waves, which are a myth, but sound waves in the ether, behaving in every respect like those in the air, except that, owing to the great elastic force and extremely small density of the medium, their speed is that of light." \n\n(Source: "Pioneer Radio Engineer Gives Views on Power", published in the New York Herald Tribune, Sept. 11, 1932, [2, p.94 ]. )\n\nIn summary, I would say that longitudinal electromagnetic fields and longitudinal solutions to the Dirac equation governing de Broglie waves are still somewhat speculative, but the in
850878
Go to this web site and read what is there:\n\nhttp://schools.matter.org.uk/Content/Seismology/shadow_zone.html\n\nBasically, there are two kinds of seismic waves from an earthquake or an underground nuclear explosion. These are called P waves and S waves. The S waves cannot travel through the liquid rock surrounding the earth's solid core, so this core creates a "shadow" for those waves. A different kind of "shadow" is created for P waves as they refract at the liquid/solid interface.\n\nHope this helps. Fascinating stuff seismography!
643953
depends on the direction of the force