What are a few forms of symbiosis among cnidarians?
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Hermatypic corals (the ones that form coral reefs) have symbiotic zooxanthellae (unicellular algae) within their tissues; the algae receive protection and housing from the polyps, and enable them to produce their calcareous exoskeleton.\nThere are sea anemones that attach to the dorsum of crabs, marine snails, etc. Thus the anemone "travels free" and the other animal is protected. \nMany species of small fishes and crustaceans shelter beneath the umbella of some jellyfish (read example at the link).
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A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit.
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I think the phylum name means "nettle" - it comes from the latin cnida\nthe central cavity is the spongocoel\nAnd i believe that ctenophora have colloblasts on the tenticles which burst when they come into contact with prey, releasing sticky fibres. Some just have mucus covered tenticles. Cnidaria on the other hand are your jellyfishes sometimes with masses of tenticles, and uses stinger cells.\n\nI hope this helps - i will admit marine biology is not my speciality, but I have done a bit.
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1. Kingdom Monera [10,000 species]: Unicellular and colonial--including the true bacteria (eubacteria) and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).\n\n2. Kingdom Protista (Protoctista) [250,000 species]: Unicellular protozoans and unicellular & multicellular (macroscopic) algae with 9 + 2 cilia and flagella (called undulipodia).\n\n3. Kingdom Fungi [100,000 species]: Haploid and dikaryotic (binucleate) cells, multicellular, generally heterotrophic, without cilia and eukaryotic (9 + 2) flagella (undulipodia).\n\n4. Kingdom Plantae [250,000 species]: Haplo-diploid life cycles, mostly autotrophic, retaining embryo within female sex organ on parent plant.\n\n5. Kingdom Animalia [1,000,000 species]: Multicellular animals, without cell walls and without photosynthetic pigments, forming diploid blastula.\n\n\nSo far those are the five Kingdoms I know of if there are a few more I have no idea but it is possible. Or you are confusing with bilogical organizations, which are 7
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The only one I can think of is the shellfish called mussels.\n\nThese links should help you figure it out.
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Let's see...\n\nKingdom: Animalia \nPhylum: Mollusca \nClass: Bivalvia \nOrder: Pterioida \nFamily: Pteriidae \nGenus: Pinctada \n\nAt least 12 different species, though, including Pinctada radiata and Pinctada margaritifera.
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There are several protozoans that participate in mutualistic symbiosis with animals, they mostly reside in the gut. For example, termites would not be able to digest wood if protozoans did not live in their gut. As a matter of fact, 33-50% of a termite's biomass is protozoans or bacteria. \nCorals are highly dependent on their photosythetic symbionts (dinoflagellates).\n\nyou can read more examples at http://azolla.fc.ul.pt/aulas/Estagios/Docs/MutualisticSymbioses.pdf#search='protozoan%20mutualistic%20symbiosis' \njust scroll down to the section on protozoans.\nmore info at http://www.101science.com/Symbiosis.htm\nhope this helps!
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Coral lives in a symbiotic relationship with algae.  When the coral experiences a stress event (water temperature change, disesase, pollution, etc.) it may release the algage contained with it.  The pigmentation of the coral is lost with the algae leaving the coral with a bleached or completely white appearance.
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Wood-boring bivalves of the family Teredinidae (commonly called shipworms) are known to harbor dense populations of gram-negative bacteria within specialized cells (bacteriocytes) in their gills. These symbionts are thought to provide enzymes, e.g., cellulase and dinitrogenase, which assist the host in utilizing wood as a primary food source. A cellulolytic, dinitrogen-fixing bacterium, Teredinibacter turnerae, has been isolated from the gill tissues of numerous teredinid bivalves and has been proposed to constitute the sole or predominant symbiont of this bivalve family. Here we demonstrate that one teredinid species, Lyrodus pedicellatus, contains at least four distinct bacterial 16S rRNA types within its gill bacteriocytes, one of which is identical to that of T. turnerae. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the three newly detected ribotypes are derived from gamma proteobacteria that are related to but distinct (>6.5% sequence divergence) from T. turnerae. In situ hybridizations with 16S rRNA-directed probes demonstrated that the pattern of occurrence of symbiont ribotypes within bacteriocytes was predictable and specific, with some bacteriocytes containing two symbiont ribotypes. However, only two of the six possible pairwise combinations of the four ribotypes were observed to cooccur within the same host cells. The results presented here are consistent with the existence of a complex multiple symbiosis in this shipworm species.
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These are single-celled (unicellular) organisms, and\nhave a well-defined membrane-bound nucleus.\nTheir modes of nutrition may be quite varied.\n• Active feeders: Some protists like Amoeba and\nParamecium (Fig. 23.5) ingest food like most\nanimals. Very often these are also referred to as\nProtozoa (protos: primitive, zoon: animal).\n• Photosynthesizers: Some protists like Euglena\n(Fig. 23.3) have chlorophyll and manufacture\ntheir own food like the plants.\n• Reproduction: Mostly asexual reproduction by\nfission and some reproduce sexually.\n• Occurrence: Many protists live freely in water\nor in soil and many are harmful parasites which\ncause diseases. Some of the protists are\npathogenic, such as Entamoeba histolytica that\ncauses dysentery and Plasmodium vivax that\ncauses malaria.
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It depends on the specific protozoa; if for example both the mealworm and the protozoa benefit from the relationship (the protozoa has a nice place to live and feed and the mealworm benefits from the protozoa breaking down other organic matter in the mealworms digestive system) it would be a mutualistic symbiotic relationship.  If, however, the protozoa is using the mealworm as a host carrier in its life cycle as a staging area to propagate itself, lay eggs, or feed on until it is deposited somewhere and it negatively affects the health of the mealworm, it is a parasitic relationship (the protozoa being the parasite).
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Rather than type in a long list of names like Calimecita, I will just add one.\n\nQ:  Quadralaria pyramidalis  it is a type of Cnidarian seajelly.\n\nFor fun, I may come back and do A to Z with just species of jellyfish.\n\nEDIT\nOK, here is my seajelly only list. Sadly I am missing 3 letters. J, X, Y.  I know there has to be an X somewhere but my brain is failing me this afternoon.\n\nAurelia aurita\nBerenix thalassina\nCyanea capitulatta\nDipurena brownie\nEleutheroa charcoti\nFavonia bacheri\nGossea faurea\nHippocrene brittanica\nIrenopsis hexanemelis\nJ\nKanaka pelagica\nLeptobrachia leptopus\nMastigias orsini\nNemopsis bachei\nObelia corona\nPelagia colorata\nQuadralaria pyramidalis \nRhizostoma cruciata\nSarsia eximia\nTima cari\nUmbrosa lobata\nVersura maasi\nWandelia charcotti\nX\nY\nZygocanna costada
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nvertebrates are an extraordinarily diverse group of animals that include over 30 phyla. Invertebrates do not have a backbone, nor a bony skeleton. This large group of animals includes sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, roundworms, segmented worms, mollusks, echinoderms, and arthropods.\nSubtopics\nArthropods (290) Flatworms (6) Cnidarians (6) Mollusks (9) Echinoderms (7) Segmented Worms (5)
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There are a whole lot of apples and oranges mixing up here.\n\nThe Great Barrier Reef off Queensland is an ecosystem made up of many thousands of species of organisms. As an ecosystem, it's been accreting more or less continuously for a long time (since probably the Cretaceous Period). But during that long time the species of reef builders (corals and algae) have changed.\n\nThe modern stromatolite example is from Shark Bay, Western Australia. These stromatolites look very much like Precambrian ones. They are made of/by blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). So while the stromatolites could be considered an example of a type of ecosystem that hasn't changed for 600+ million years, the individual algal organisms themselves only live for a few days or weeks.\n\nSo the Bristlecone Pine is the oldest living single organism.
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Yes, all of the sponges are part of Phylum Porifera, and everything within Phylum Porifera are sponges.\n\nThere are three classes of sponges within the Phylum,\nCalcarea, Demospongiae and Hexactinellida.  They are differentiated according to their structure and the spicules that make up the hard parts of the sponge.
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Sorry, I hate correcting people, but cnidarians aren't sponges.\n\nSponges are of the phylum porifera.\nCnidarians are things like coral and jellyfish.\n\nSponges have lots of holes.\n\nThey have loads of ostia, which are the small holes all around it, where water goes in to the sponge.\nDepending on the species, they may have 1 to 100s of osculums, which are the larger holes at the top where the water comes out.
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Normally, it is considered to be Invertebrates the following taxa, though they do not include Hemichordata and Cephalochordata (Which are chordates but not vertebrates):\n\n- Protozoa: unicellular organisms\n- Porifera: sponges\n- Placozoa\n- Orthonectida: (Prev. Mesozoa)\n- Dicyemida: (Prev. Mesozoa)\n- Cnidaria: jellyfish\n- Ctenophora\n- Platyhelmintes: flatworms\n- Nemertea (= Rhynchocoela)\n- Gnathostomulida\n- Rotifera\n- Acanthocephala\n- Micrognathozoa\n- Gastrotrichia\n- Nematoda\n- Nematomorpha\n- Priapula\n- Kinorhyncha (= Echinodera)\n- Loricifera\n- Arthropoda: insects, spiders, crustacea, etc.\n- Annelida\n- Pogonophora\n- Vestimentifera\n- Echiura\n- Sipuncula\n- Mollusca\n- Phorona\n- Ectoprocta (=Bryozoa)\n- Brachiopoda\n- Entoprocta\n- Cycliophora\n- Echinodermata: sea stars, etc.\n\nYou can also include to de list Hemichordata and Cephalochordata.