how to measure solar radiance?
396319
A photodiode will allow current to pass proportional the amount of light incident upon it.
11461
Usually by using the function [fn] key (perhaps near the lower left corner) and another key.  Look for a key that looks like part of the sun, press the function key and then press the sun key.  See if the light lights.  To turn it off, do it again.
777467
A very basic way of doing this is by holding your outstretched hand at arms length in front of you - hiding the object to be measured (move your hand the appropriate number of times to cover the object). Each hand movement should cover approximately 10°. Then there is 57.3° to a radian. From there is is a simple deduction.
676626
The enormous amount of energy continuously emitted by the sun is dispersed into outer space in all directions. Only a small fraction of this energy is intercepted by the earth and other solar planets. \nThe solar energy reaching the periphery of the earth's atmosphere is considered to be constant for all practical purposes, and is known as the solar constant. Because of the difficulty in achieving accurate measurements, the exact value of the solar constant is not known with certainty but is believed to be between 1,353 and 1,395 W/m2 (approximately 1.4 kW/m2, or 2.0 cal/cm2/min). The solar constant value is estimated on the basis of the solar radiation received on a unit area exposed perpendicularly to the rays of the sun at an average distance between the sun and the earth. \n\nIn passing through outer space, which is characterized by vacuum, the different types of solar energy remain intact and are not modified until the radiation reaches the top of the earth's atmosphere. In outer space, therefore, one would expect to encounter the types of radiation listed in Table 1, which are: gamma ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, and infrared radiations.
350595
C whether this helps You,\nhttp://web.umr.edu/~kpeaslee/classes/Met221/KeyHW2.pdf#search='measuring%20SDAS%20in%20Aluminum%20alloy%20casting'\n\nhttp://www.aluplanet.com/eng/info_eco_doc_PO.asp?Mnu=141&Itm=163&Grp=0&Tgl=162&Doc=3804
75347
This question can't be adaquately addressed in this forum.  There are a couple websites you can refer to for these answers.\n\nhttp://solarsystem.nasa.gov\nhttp://www.nineplanets.org
569674
you also need your latitude.  \n\nThink about it, if you were at one of the poles, sun-rise and sunset would be drastically different.\n\nYes, There is a formula.\n\nHere's the answer in positional astronomy...
781911
None.\n\nCalories are a measure of the heat content of objects.  If you are referring to the amount of heat radiated by the earth, it would be stated in some unit appropriate to the measure of radiant energy, such as watts or newtons per second.\n\nYou may be able to find an answer by visiting the library or using the internet.
409248
u can find out by\n\n   1/wavelength  =  R(1/(n2)^2 - 1/(n1)^2}\n    and substituting n1=3,n2=2,R(rydberg constant)= 10973731.6\n    you get wavelength in meters then find the corresponding colour of light
937717
A lot.  Only 1% or less of the light actually makes the image.  This is why digital photography is so much better when it comes to astronomy.
591657
measure the shadow on the ground and then adjust the figure by the percent any shadow increase in that area at that time of day
326233
They can basically find out the composition of the sun ie.., what material it is made up of, which is because different elements have unique spectral characteristics.And they can estimate its surface temperature.
594266
6000 K (aprox 6000 ºC)\nThese are actual measurements. You don´t need to put a termometer or to actually GO there to know that. \nThere are other ways, typically involving light spectrum analysis, to accurately measure that.
394049
I'm guessing that PV stands for Photo-Voltaic, so this would be a reflective magnifier for photovoltaic solar cells, to greate electricity from solar power.\n\nAny old satellite dish is parabolic, but that's a saucer cicle shape.  If you want a trough, you'll need to construct one by calculating a parabolic arc and getting reflective material in that shape.  Here's a funny article about someone who made a solar reflector, maybe it will help you:\n\nhttp://www.cockeyed.com/incredible/parabola/parabola.html
579713
Count the stars in a specific size region (say 1 minute square) and then multiply by the number of total regions that would cover the sky...\n\nHowever, this only counts stars visible to the naked eye and only works if you pick a region with an average density of stars.\n\nJust say it is "billions and billions" and leave it at that...
748887
The distance from lamp to P is r = √[h^2+s^2], where s = dist from center to P (10m).  The illumination is inversely proportional to r^2, and directly proportional to cos(theta), where theta is going to be arctan(s/h).  So the formula is\n\nI(h) = cos(arctan(s/h))/(r^2+s^2)\n\nBy drawing a right triangle with legs l and h, you can find that cos(arctan(l/h)) = h/√[h^2+s^2] so the formula is then\n\nI(h) = h/(h^2+s^2)^(3/2)  this is the function to maximize w.r.t. h, the independent variable. \n\nTo maximize, differentiate and set to zero, you will get h = s/√2, and you can check it by putting into the formula h = (s/√2)+∆ and h = (s/√2)-∆ where ∆ is a small deviation.
659160
It absorbs light energy from the sun.