Who was the Indian scientist who got the Nobel prize for deciphering the genetic code??
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Dr. Hargobind Khorana\nIn 1968 that was.
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Rudolph Virchow?\n\nhttp://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Virchow.html\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow
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There are so many to list.  Go to the Nobel Prize web site and pick as many as you like.  Have fun.\n\nhttp://www.nobelprizes.com/
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Here are the Australian winners...\n  * Lawrence Bragg & William Bragg, physicists received the Nobel Prize in 1915 for their work in x-ray crystallography. They remain the only father and son team to be awarded the prize, and Lawrence who was aged 25 at the time is still the youngest recipient.\n    * Howard Florey received the prize in 1945 along with Alexander Fleming and Ernest Chain (both British) for their work on the medicinal properties of penicillin. It was Florey who later turned penecillin into the practical drug which was to save millions of lives. (See also Who was the Inventor?)\n    * Macfarlane Burnett received the prize in 1960 for his work on immunology.\n    * John Eccles received the prize in 1963 along with Andrew Huxley and Alan Hodgkin (both British) for their work on nerve cells.\n    * Patrick White received the prize in 1973 for literature.\n    * John Cornforth received the prize in 1975  for chemistry.\n    * John Harsanyi (Hungarian & Australian) who received the prize in 1994 for his mathematical contributions to economics.\n    * Peter Doherty and Rolf M. Zinkernagel (Swiss & Australian) who received the prize in 1996  for their work in immunology.\n    * Barry Marshall and Robin Warren received the prize in 2005 for their discovery in 1982 of the Helicobacter pylori bacterium which causes stomach ulcers and gastritis.
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Well, that is the Holy Grail of biochemistry and we've been dreaming of that ever since Dr. Pauling had me researching metabolic diseases, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome in particular.  The problem has been 1) finding the precise genetic coding of the fouled up part of the DNA and 2) devising a mechanism to clip out that nucleic base and replace it with the correct one (or series of bases).  Precision is, of course, vital or you'll kill the experimental animal (or, ultimately, human patient).
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He is the "father of genetics". He was a monk who used pea plants to do genetic crosses and look at the heritability of traits.
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Search for their names on the internet. We don't do your homework here.\n\nTo start you off, Watson and Crick proposed the structure of DNA is a double helix after Maurice Wilkins showed them an X-ray photograph (crystallography) taken by Rosalind Franklin. \n\nCheck it: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_structure_of_Nucleic_Acids
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Here is how science proves the existence of a Creator.\n\nYou are here: Science >> DNA Double Helix \n\nDNA Double Helix: A Recent Discovery of Enormous Complexity\nThe DNA Double Helix is one of the greatest scientific discoveries of all time. First described by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, DNA is the famous molecule of genetics that establishes each organism's physical characteristics. It wasn't until mid-2001, that the Human Genome Project and Celera Genomics jointly presented the true nature and complexity of the digital code inherent in DNA. We now understand that each human DNA molecule is comprised of chemical bases arranged in approximately 3 billion precise sequences. Even the DNA molecule for the single-celled bacterium, E. coli, contains enough information to fill all the books in any of the world's largest libraries. \n\nDNA Double Helix: The "Basics"\nDNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double-stranded molecule that is twisted into a helix like a spiral staircase. Each strand is comprised of a sugar-phosphate backbone and numerous base chemicals attached in pairs. The four bases that make up the stairs in the spiraling staircase are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). These stairs act as the "letters" in the genetic alphabet, combining into complex sequences to form the words, sentences and paragraphs that act as instructions to guide the formation and functioning of the host cell. Maybe even more appropriately, the A, T, C and G in the genetic code of the DNA molecule can be compared to the "0" and "1" in the binary code of computer software. Like software to a computer, the DNA code is a genetic language that communicates information to the organic cell. \n\nThe DNA code, like a floppy disk of binary code, is quite simple in its basic paired structure. However, it's the sequencing and functioning of that code that's enormously complex. Through recent technologies like x-ray crystallography, we now know that the cell is not a "blob of protoplasm", but rather a microscopic marvel that is more complex than the space shuttle. The cell is very complicated, using vast numbers of phenomenally precise DNA instructions to control its every function. \n\nAlthough DNA code is remarkably complex, it's the information translation system connected to that code that really baffles science. Like any language, letters and words mean nothing outside the language convention used to give those letters and words meaning. This is modern information theory at its core. A simple binary example of information theory is the "Midnight Ride of Paul Revere." In that famous story, Mr. Revere asks a friend to put one light in the window of the North Church if the British came by land, and two lights if they came by sea. Without a shared language convention between Paul Revere and his friend, that simple communication effort would mean nothing. Well, take that simple example and multiply by a factor containing many zeros. \n\nWe now know that the DNA molecule is an intricate message system. To claim that DNA arose by random material forces is to say that information can arise by random material forces. Many scientists argue that the chemical building blocks of the DNA molecule can be explained by natural evolutionary processes. However, they must realize that the material base of a message is completely independent of the information transmitted. Thus, the chemical building blocks have nothing to do with the origin of the complex message. As a simple illustration, the information content of the clause "nature was designed" has nothing to do with the writing material used, whether ink, paint, chalk or crayon. In fact, the clause can be written in binary code, Morse code or smoke signals, but the message remains the same, independent of the medium. There is obviously no relationship between the information and the mater
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Many different ones. For instance, the structure of DNA was figured out thanks to x-ray crystallography\n\nProbably the most famous X-ray diffraction image is the photograph of the B form of DNA taken by Rosalind Franklin in May 1952 ( http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-56/iss-3/captions/p42cap3.html ). With the help of Oxford crystallographer Dorothy Hodgkin, Franklin described the helical backbone and correct crystallographic space group for DNA . Her work was instrumental in Watson's and Crick's correct modeling of DNA, for which they received the Nobel Prize.
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Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman(November 7, 1888-November 21, 1970) was an Indian physicist, who was awarded the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him.\n\nRaman was born in Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu. At an early age Raman moved to the city of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. He completed his BA and MA in Physics and English from the Presidency College, Madras (now Chennai). He entered Presidency College, Madras, in 1902, and in 1904 passed his B.A. examination, winning the first place and the gold medal in physics; in 1907 he gained his M.A. degree, obtaining the highest distinctions. He joined the Indian Civil Services as an Assistant Accountant General in Calcutta (now Kolkata).\n\nRaman was a professor of Physics at the University of Calcutta for the next fifteen years. It was during his stay here that his work on optics was recognized.\n\nRaman won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman effect. Raman spectroscopy is based on this phenomenon. An interesting anecdote goes that he booked his tickets to Stockholm several months before the Nobel prizes were announced.\n\nRaman also worked in theory of transverse vibration of strings, his analysis of bowed string on the basis of superposition velocities has an upper-hand in explaining bowed string vibration over Helmholtz.\n\nIn 1934, Raman became the director of the newly established Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, where two years later he continued as a professor of physics. In 1947, he was appointed as the first National Professor by the new government of Independent India. He retired from the Indian Institute in 1948 and a year later he established the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore, serving as its director and remained active there until his death on 1970, in Bangalore, Karnataka, at the age of 82.\n\nHe also started a company called Travancore Chemical and Manufacturing Co. Ltd. in 1943 along with Dr. Krishnamurthy. The Company during its 60 year history, established 4 factories in Southern India. [1]\n\nHe was knighted in 1929 and awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1954.\n\nCV Raman is the uncle of Nobel laureate Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.\n\nIndia celebrates National Science Day on the 28th February of every year to commemorate Raman's discovery in 1928.
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I would list first  the late Vikram Sarabhai and his Physical Research Laboratory at Ahmedabad. I am consciously omitting space technologists from the list. Another great institution for space sciences is the Tata Institute of Fundamental research at Mumbai. Another source is the Indian National Committee for Space Research. A visit to their web sites will help identify individual researchers. They are too many to name.
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While there is no Nobel Prize specifically for biology, Sune K. Bergström and Bengt I. Samuelsson from the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm shared the 1982 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine equally with John R Vane from the Wellcome Research Laboratories in the UK for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances.
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Je crois que t'as mal compris l'info. Il a rencontré le prix Nobel de la paix en indonésie mais à lui on n'a décerné aucun prix Nobel (encore heureux).\n\nA+
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It was Robert Hooke He was an English Scientist.\nHe firt saw cells in wood from a cork tree he was studying.
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Straight genetics or molecular biology for genetics research. \nWould probably suggest a biochemistry degree for the other option.\n\nAs an extra - I did straight genetics and had no problem getting in to a research position, but be warned the money in research is poor until after a doctorate and many years experience. If i could do it all again I would sway towards chemistry and shoot for the industry side (there is still job satisfaction to be had). Three years of research for me has just highlighted how little we know!\n\nSorry don't know any specifics about India, but would imagine the biochem market is a bigger one
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I dont know if u want only the name of the prize winners or the names and the topics they won it for so i only wrote u the names. Tell me if u want more\n\n1901 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (Prussia, afterwards Germany) \n\n1902 Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (The Netherlands) and Pieter Zeeman (The Netherlands \n\n1903 Antoine Henri Becquerel (France)\n         Pierre (France) and Marie Curie (Poland/France\n\n1904 John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (UK) \n\n1905 Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard (Germany) \n\n1906 Sir Joseph John Thomson (UK )\n\n1907 Albert Abraham Michelson (Poland/US) \n\n1908 Gabriel Lippmann (Luxembourg) \n\n1909 Guglielmo Marconi (Italy) and Karl Ferdinand Braun (Germany) \n\n1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals (The Netherlands) \n\n1911 Wilhelm Wien (Germany) \n\n1912 Nils Gustaf Dalén (Sweden) \n\n1913 Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes (The Netherlands \n\n1914 Max von Laue (Germany) \n\n1915 Sir William Henry Bragg (England, UK) and William Lawrence Bragg (South Australia, afterwards Australia) \n\n1916  (The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.) \n\n1917 Charles Glover Barkla (England, UK) \n\n1918 Max Planck (Germany) \n\n1919 Johannes Stark (Germany) \n\n1920 Charles Edouard Guillaume (Switzerland/France)
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The link below lists all of the Nobel Prize winners from 1900 to 2005.\n\nThere are three prizes that are offered for "science" - chemistry, physics, and medicine.