who invented the pencil?????was it konrad gesner?
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Yes, it was Konrad Gesner.\n\nIt dates (we think) to 1565, when Konrad von Gesner, a Swiss-German naturalist, devised a wooden container filled with graphite for the purpose of drawing and writing. Refined, the invention—arguably history's most practically useful communication tool—became universally popular. If you keep a sharpener handy and can avoid breaking the point, you ostensibly can get about 45,000 words or 35 miles of sketched lines from the average pencil.\n\nIncidentally, the common term "lead pencil" is misleading (please excuse the play on spellings). At one time, graphite wrongly was considered to be synonymous with lead.
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Last Sunday I sharpened a pencil but there wasn't any batteries in the thing so I just manually twisted my pencil around in it.  As for the type in your picture, I haven't used one of those since I was in school back in 1983.
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Johann Vaaler invented the first paperclip.  It was patented in 1901.  Similar designs  were created by William Middlebrook and Cornelius Brosnan.
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In Rome, scribes wrote on papyrus (an early form of paper) with a thin metal rod called a stylus, which left a light but readable mark. Other early styluses were made of lead. Today we still call the core of a pencil the "lead" even though it is made from nontoxic graphite.  (Lead is toxic and leaches right through your skin, so it's not a great choice for a writing implement!)\n\nGraphite came into widespread use following the discovery of a large graphite deposit in Borrowdale, England in 1564. Graphite left a darker mark than lead, but was so soft and brittle that it required a holder. At first, sticks of graphite were wrapped in string. Later, the graphite was inserted into wooden sticks that had been hollowed-out by hand! The wood-cased pencil was born.
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When was the pencil invented?\n\nSome time prior to about 1560, graphite was discovered near Borrowdale, England, supposedly when a large tree was uprooted in a storm, exposing a black substance beneath its roots. The usefulness of graphite as a marking substance was quickly realized. Though the exact date is not known for certain, the year 1565 marks the first record of a pencil consisting of a piece of graphite inserted into a wood shaft, making the first ancestor of today's pencil.\n\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nWhere was the pencil invented?\n\nSince graphite was discovered in England, it is most likely that the first pencils were made in England, though this is not known for certain. The pencil was further developed by European craftsmen.\n\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nWho invented the first pencil?\n\nIt is not known who invented the first pencil. The pencil was first documented in 1565 by Conrad Gesner, and its invention is sometimes attributed to him, though this is unlikely. European craftsman (woodworkers) were the first known pencil manufacturers, and it wasn't until the late 1700's that manufacturing techniques similar to those practiced today were developed.
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I'll do something better - I'll give you a list of inventors and inventions :)\n\nThe most famous Philadelphia inventor is Ben Franklin who invented the lightning rod, glass armonica, Franklin stove, bifocal glasses, flexible urenary catheter, odometer, and Daylight Savings Time.\n\nCharles Elmer Hires - invented root beer\nJohn Heysham Gibbon - invented the heart-lung machine\nHenry Deringer - inventor of the deringer pistol\nDavid Brooks - invented an insulator for telegraph wires\nSamuel Hopkins - Granted the first US Patent for an improved process of creating pot ash (used in the manufacture of glass, soap, and fertilizer).\n\nOdd: \n* Lucy the Elephant, invented by James V. Lafferty
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It is impossible to say who invented the compound microscope. Dutch spectacle-makers Hans Janssen and his son Zacharias Janssen are often said to have invented the first compound microscope in 1590, but this was a declaration by Zacharias Janssen himself halfway through the 17th century. The date is certainly not likely, as it has been shown that Zacharias Janssen actually was born around 1590. Another favorite for the title of 'inventor of the microscope' was Galileo Galilei. He developed an occhiolino or compound microscope with a convex and a concave lens in 1609. Galilei´s microscope was celebrated in the ´Lynx academy´ founded by Federico Cesi in 1603. Francesco Stelluti´s drawing of three bees were part of pope Urban VIII´s seal, and count as the first microscopic figure published (see Stephen Jay Gould, The Lying stones of Marrakech, 2000). Christiaan Huygens, another Dutchman, developed a simple 2-lens ocular system in the late 1600's that was achromatically corrected and therefore a huge step forward in microscope development. The Huygens ocular is still being produced to this day, but suffers from a small field size, and the eye relief is uncomfortably close compared to modern widefield oculars.\n\nAnton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) is generally credited with bringing the microscope to the attention of biologists, even though simple magnifying lenses were already being produced in the 1500's, and the magnifying principle of water-filled glass bowls had been described by the Romans (Seneca). Van Leeuwenhoek's home-made microscopes were actually very small simple instruments with a single very strong lens. They were awkard in use but enabled van Leeuwenhoek to see highly detailed images, mainly because a single lens does not suffer the lens faults that are doubled or even multiplied when using several lenses in combination as in a compound microscope. It actually took about 150 years of optical development before the compound microscope was able to provide the same quality image as van Leeuwenhoek's simple microscopes. So although he was certainly a great microscopist, van Leeuwenhoek is, contrary to widespread claims, certainly not the inventor of the microscope.
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http://lsnhs.leesummit.k12.mo.us/projects/webpages/pencils.html\nwww.enchantedlearning.com/inventors/page/p/pencil.shtml
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http://www.pencils.com/\n\nclick how pencils are made
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Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (c. 1398 – c. February 3, 1468) was a German metal-worker and inventor who achieved fame for his contributions to the technology of printing during 1447, including a type metal alloy and oil-based inks, a mould for casting type accurately, and a new kind of printing press based on presses used in wine-making. The exact origin of Gutenberg’s first presses is apparently unknown, and several authors cite his earliest presses as adaptations of heavier binding presses which were already in use. Tradition credits him with inventing movable type in Europe — an improvement on the block printing already in use there. By combining these elements into a production system, he allowed for the rapid printing of written materials, and an information explosion in Renaissance Europe. Yet, it must be noted that an iron printing press was first invented by Korea's Goryeo dynasty in 1234, 216 years ahead of Gutenberg's feat in 1450.
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Rudolph Virchow?\n\nhttp://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Virchow.html\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow
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Pencils were first manufactered in 1564 but documented use of the pencil did not appear until Conrad Gesner used one before he died in in 1565\n\n\n\ncroatian inventor Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, inventor of thefirst practical mechanical pen and pencil
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Euclid.\nGreek geometer who wrote the Elements , the world's most definitive text on geometry. The book synthesized earlier knowledge about geometry, and was used for centuries in western Europe as a geometry textbook. The text began with definitions, postulates ("Euclid's postulates "), and common opinions, then proceeded to obtain results by rigorous geometric proof. Euclid also proved what is generally known as Euclid's second theorem:  the number of primes  is infinite.  The beautiful proof Euclid gave of this theorem is still a gem and is generally acknowledged to be one of the "classic" proofs of all times in terms of its conciseness and clarity. In the Elements , Euclid used the method of exhaustion and reductio ad absurdum. He also discussed the so-called Euclidean algorithm  for finding the greatest common divisor  of two numbers, and is credited with the well-known proof of the Pythagorean theorem. \nNeither the year nor place of his birth have been established, nor the circumstances of his death, although he is known to have lived and worked in Alexandria for much of his life. In addition, no bust which can be verified to be his likeness is known (Tietze 1965, p. 8).
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A great one would be Euclid, a Greek geometer who wrote the "Elements", the world's most definitive text on geometry. The book synthesized earlier knowledge about geometry, and was used for centuries in western Europe as a geometry textbook. \n\nhttp://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Euclid.html\nhttp://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Euclid.html\nhttp://mathworld.wolfram.com/Elements.html
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Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices which greatly influenced life in the 20th century. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" by a newspaper reporter, he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production to the process of invention, and can therefore be credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. Some of the inventions credited to him were not completely original, but alterations of earlier patents (most famously the light bulb), or were actually the work of his numerous employees. Nevertheless, Edison is considered one of the most prolific inventors in history, holding 1,097 U.S. patents in his name, as well as many patents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany.
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I'm assuming you mean Einstein, but I would have to go with Newton. He invented calculus and was absolutely revolutionary in developing elementary physics. Now, obviously Einstein was brilliant too, but at least he had a long background of physicists to build on. He stood on the shoulders of giants, one of which is newton.
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The Ninja Turtles were all named after Splinter's favorite Italian artists.  :-)\n\nSir Isaac Newton was a scientist.\n\nSo it's a no-go on that essay.\n\nCould you imagine if the Ninja Turtles were Rafael, Donatello, Leonardo, and Isaac Newton?