How did the name for the Medical radiation X-ray  come about ???
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On 8 Nov, 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (accidentally) discovered an image cast from his cathode ray generator, projected far beyond the possible range of the cathode rays. Roentgen named the new form of radiation X-radiation (X standing for "Unknown"). Hence the term X-rays (also referred as Roentgen rays, though this term is unusual outside of Germany).
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Radiation. The X referred to the fact that at the time, the type of radiation was unknown, and the name X-ray stuck.\n\n"On November 8, 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, a German scientist, began observing and further documenting X-rays while experimenting with vacuum tubes. Röntgen, on December 28, 1895, wrote a preliminary report "On a new kind of ray: A preliminary communication". He submitted it to the Würzburg's Physical-Medical Society journal. This was the first formal and public recognition of the categorization of X-rays. Röntgen referred to the radiation as "X", to indicate that it was an unknown type of radiation. The name stuck, although (over Röntgen's great objections), many of his colleagues suggested calling them Röntgen rays. They are still referred to as such in many languages. Röntgen received the first Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery."
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MRI is Magnetic Resonance Imaging and uses a big magnet rather than xrays to see the differences in tissues inside you. One magnet 'lines up' all the electrons in your body (doen't worry it doesn't hurt!) then another magnet is applied at 90 degrees to the other for a little bit and the machine measures the different electron movements - each type of tissue will be different.\nMuch better at looking at soft tissues (spinal cord, ligaments.etc..) than CT scans.\nYou mustn't have one if you have any metalwork in your body like clips on your brain or a metal foreign body in your eye.
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"Telepathy" is derived from the Greek terms tele ("distant") and pathe ("occurrence" or "feeling"). The term was coined in 1882 by the French psychical researcher Fredric W. H. Myers, a founder of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR). Myers thought his term descrbed the phenomenon better than previous used terms such as the French "communication de pensees," "thought-transference," and "thought-reading."\n\nResearch interest in telepathy had its beginning in mesmerism. The magnetists discovered that telepathy was among the so-called "higher-phenomena" observed in magnetized subjects, who read the thoughts of the magnetists and carried out the unspoken instructions.\n\nSoon other psychologists and psychiatrists were observing the same phenomena in their patients. Sigmund Fraud noticed it so often that he son had to address it. He termed it a regressive, primitive faculty that was lost in the course of evolution, but which still had the ability to manifest itself under certain conditions. Psychiatrist Carl G. Jung thought it more important. He considered it a function of synchronicity (1). Psychologist and philosopher William James was very enthusiastic toward telepathy and encouraged more research be put into it.\n\nWhen the American Society for Psychical Research (ASPR) was founded in 1885, after the SPR in 1884, telepathy became the first psychic phenomenon to be studied scientifically. The first testing was simple. A sender in one room would try to transmit a two-digit number, a taste, or a visual image to a receiver in another room. The French physiologist Charles Richet introduced mathematical chance to the tests, and also discovered that telepathy occurred independent of hypnotism.\n\nInterest in telepathy increased following World War I as thousands of bereaved turned toward Spiritualism attempting to communicate with their dead loved ones. The telepathic parlor game called "willing" became popular. Mass telepathic experiments were undertaken in the United States and Britain. \n\nExperimental findings:\n\nMost often telepathy occurs spontaneously in incidents of crisis where a relative or friend has been injured or killed in an accident. An individual is aware of the danger to the other person from a distance. Such information seems to come in different forms as in thought fragments, like something is wrong; in dreams, visions, hallucinations, mental images, in clairaudience, or in words that pop into the mind. Often such information causes the person, the receiver, to change is course of action, such as changing his travel plans or daily schedule, or to just call or contact the other person. Some incidents involve apparent telepathy between humans and animals.\n\nTelepathy seems to be related to the individual's emotional state. This is true of both the sender and receiver. Most women were receivers, as case findings showed, and one possible explanation is that women are more in touch with their emotions and rely on intuition more than men. Geriatric telepathy is fairly common, this may be due, it is speculated, to the impairment of the senses with age. \n\nTelepathy can be induced in the dream state. It appears to be related to some biological factors: blood volume changes during telepathic sending, and electroencephalogram monitoring show that the brain waves of the recipient change to match those of the sender. \n\nDissociative drugs adversely affect telepathy, but caffeine has a positive effect on it.\n\nDuring his 1930 ESP experiments J. B. Rhine also made some discoveries concerning telepathy: It was often difficult to determine whether information was communicated through telepathy, clairvoyance, or precognitive clairvoyance. He concluded that telepathy and clairvoyance were the same psychic function manifested in different ways. Also, telepathy is not affected by distance or obstacles between the sender and receiver
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Inside the machine is an x-ray tube. An electron gun inside the tube shoots high energy electrons at a target made of heavy atoms, such as tungsten. X-rays come out because of atomic processes induced by the energetic electrons shot at the target. \n\nThere are two different atomic processes that can produce x-ray photons.\n\nOne is called Bremsstrahlung, which in German is "braking radiation." This electron slows down after swinging around the nucleus of a tungsten atom and loses energy by radiating x-rays. A lot of photons of different wavelengths are produced, but none of the photons has more energy than the electron had to begin with. After emitting the spectrum of x-ray radiation the original electron is slowed down or stopped. \n\nThe other is called K-shell emission. Atoms have their electrons arranged in closed "shells" of different energies, the K-shell is the lowest energy state of an atom. The incoming electron from the electron gun hits a K-shell electron in a tungsten target atom and can give it enough energy to knock it out of its energy state. Then, a tungsten electron of higher energy (from an outer shell) can fall into the K-shell. The energy lost by the falling electron shows up in an emitted x-ray photon. Meanwhile, higher energy electrons fall into the vacated energy state in the outer shell, and so on. K-shell emission produces higher-intensity x-rays than Bremsstrahlung, and the x-ray photon comes out at a single wavelength.
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X-rays are useful because they let you see the inside without SURGERY. Too much can cause changes in your DNA, which could cause cancer.
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Several Units actually and they can be a bit confusing\n\nRad, Rem, Seiverts, grey, etc etc\n\n\nhere is the break down\n\nKerma = Kinetic Energy transferred to charged particles in Rads / Grays.\nRad = radiation absorbed dose\n= 100 ergs of energy / gm of tissue\n= 0.01 joule of energy / kg of tissue\n1 Gray = 100 Rads = 1 joule of energy / kg of tissue\n1 Rad = 0.01 Gray\n1cGy (centi Gray) = 1 Rad\n1 mGy (milli Gray ) = 0.1 Rad\nRem = radiation equivalent man\n= rad x RBE (QF) / (relative biological effectiveness or Quality factor)\nSeivert = Gray x QF\n1 Seivert = 100 rems \n(1000 milliSv or mSv)\n1 mSv = 0.1 rem ( for Xrays which have a qualifying factor of 1) = 1 mGy\n\n\n\nconfusing huh?  took 2 college terms on it myself
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did they do an x-ray on u?
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On 8 November 1895, German physics professor Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (1845-1923) discovered x-rays
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X-rays can cause certain phosphors to fluoresce.
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X-rays are just a portion of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. Light is also part of it, as well as microwaves, radio waves, UV rays & gamma rays. Their wavelength is .1-10 nm
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No.  When first discovered, the discoverer didn't know what to call it, so he used the term "x" whilst trying to determine a more appropriate designation.  He never did, and the term "x-ray" persists to this day.  His name, btw, was William Conrad Roentgen.  The device with which he discovered x-rays was the Crooke's Tube.\nThe first x-ray - also called a "radiograph" - of a human part was a radiograph of his own left hand.  Here's a challenge for you: was Professor Roentgen married at the time?
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The name magnetic resonance imaging is not the original name of MRI.  It was originally called a NRI for nuclear resonance imaging.  The company that first made them didn't want people to think it was a nuclear reaction so they changed the name to magnetic.  It is not a nuclear reaction though, an MRI sends out very strong oscillating magnetic fields.  Every atom in the universe and in your body has a nucleus, and the nucleus has its own oscillating magnetic field.  The magnetic field from the MRI machine interacts with all the little tiny magnetic fields of the atoms and lines them up in the same direction, then can tell the density of it by the density of the atomic nuclei.  The sound you hear from the MRI machine is two fold.  First the magnetic fields are not made by actual magnets, they are electromagnets that run huge currents in circles to create the magnetic fields.  The currents are so big that some of the energy is given off as heat and sound.  This is the loud buzzing sound you hear, similar to buzzing power lines.  The second noise is all the motors that move the electromagnet around so it can look at different parts of the body and different angles.  The electromagnet is very heavy so the motors strain a lot to move it around, creating a lot of noise.
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Simply speaking; x-rays are produced by first accelerating electrons toward a metal target. Usually tungsten.\n\nSo you know.....your tv set is an electron accelerator.\n\nUsually tungsten. When the electrons strike the metal, they impart their kinetic energy to the electrons of the metal atoms.\n\nIn so doing, those electrons change to a higher shell, or orbital around the nucleus of the metal atom. Since they do not want to reside there very long, they quickly decay.\n\nBut in order to decay they must give up the energy they used to get to this higher (energy) level shell. This energy is given off as a photon (light), but the wavelength is that of what we scientists call an x-ray.\n\nThis wavelength is beyond the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum so we cannot see it, but somewhat solid objects can stop them. This is why we can use them to see our bones and in other inspection type configurations.\n\n:)
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some heavy materials emits the rays in spontaneously this is called radioactivity. this is accidentally found by Henry Becquerel
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The alpha particle is actually the nucleus of a helium atom, it is a positively charged particle. It's to big to penetrate skin. Beta particles are high energy electrons or positrons, they can penetrate skin and cell membranes but not the whole body (as X rays do).\n    \nThe positive charge of alpha particles is useful in some industrial processes. For example, radium-226 may be used to treat cancer, by inserting tiny amounts of radium into the tumorous mass.\n\nPositron emission tomography, also called PET imaging or a PET scan, is a diagnostic examination based on the detection of radiation from the emission of positrons.\nPET scans are used to detect cancer and to examine the effects of cancer therapy by characterizing biochemical changes in the cancer. These scans can be performed on the whole body. PET scans of the heart can be used to determine blood flow to the heart muscle and help evaluate signs of coronary artery disease. PET scans of the heart can also be used to determine if areas of the heart that show decreased function are alive rather than scarred as a result of a prior heart attack, called a myocardial infarction. Combined with a myocardial perfusion study, PET scans allow differentiation of nonfunctioning heart muscle from heart muscle that would benefit from a procedure, such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery, which would reestablish adequate blood flow and improve heart function. PET scans of the brain are used to evaluate patients who have memory disorders of an undetermined cause, suspected or proven brain tumors or seizure disorders that are not responsive to medical therapy and are therefore candidates for surgery.\n\nGamma particles are capable to penetrate skin and the body, too. They are high energy electromagnetic waves that kill living cells. In nuclear medicine, a drug incorporating a gamma-ray emitting radio-nuclide is administered to the patient and the desired organ is imaged by tracing the distribution or flow of the radio-nuclide by scanning the patient with a gamma-ray camera. Radiotherapy is used exclusively in the treatment of malignant tissue to kill cancerous cells. Beams of high energy x-rays or gamma-rays from cobalt-60 sources are most commonly used for such purposes.
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Skin reddening (erythema) can occur after exposure to radiation HOWEVER the dose of radiation introduced to a patient and a patient's skin in general diagnostic radiography is not even close to damaging enough to cause any kind of radiation burns, spots, marks, etc. The modern (ie, since we've known radiation should be handled with care) cases of radiation burns that I've seen involved intense surgical procedures where the patient was exposed to over an hour (versus 1 or 2 seconds max for regular x-rays) of high energy fluoroscopy during procedures such as cardiac cath.\n\nI'm assuming you had a chest x-ray (?). Hopefully this will make you feel better: the general rule of thumb is that a chest x-ray results in a radiation dose similar to that of what you would recieve flying in a high altitude (say, transatlatic flight) plane for several hours. Remember, as a human on earth you are constantly being exposed to radiation in the form of solar and terrestrial radiation. And, while it does need to be administered safely, that is the reason why we have "radiologic technologists" working at our hospitals. These people go through a lot of training to ensure that patients are not being over exposed.\n\nAs for why the tech had to repeat, often times a patient's individual anatomy does not allow for everything that the doctor needs to see to fit on one picture. If something is missing the tech might have to center differently and take another exposure. \n\nIt may make you feel better to know that Neonatal intensive care babies often recieve several x-rays, everyday, for weeks while they are in the hospital. As babies they are considered to be extremely sensitive to radiation and even so, with all the x-rays, they still grow up fine, healthy, and with no ill effects.\n\nI do not think you have to worry about the exposure that you recieved ;-)