What are the parts of a neuron?
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Wikipedia sez:\nsoma, or "cell body" with nucleus\ndendrite\naxon\nnode of ranvier\nschwann cell (schwing!)\nmyelin sheath\naxon terminal
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1. They conduct electric impulses\n2. They have axons that transmit impulses to the next cell\n3. They have dendrites that receive impulses
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I think you will find what you need here:\n\nhttp://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/introb.html\n\nIt is a good but simple site on neuroscience.\n\nThere was an identical question in Yahoo Answers since yours; I answered that in the same way.  Check it out for other help.
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The cell membrane in the axon and soma contain voltage-gated ion channels which allow the neuron to generate and propagate an electrical impulse known as an action potential.\n\nSubstantial early knowledge of neuron electrical activity came from experiments with squid giant axons. In 1937, John Zachary Young suggested that the giant squid axon might be used to better understand nerve cells [2]. Since they are much larger than human neurons, but similar in nature, it was easier to study them with less advanced technology at that time. By inserting electrodes into the giant squid axons, accurate measurements could be made of the membrane potential.\n\nElectrical activity can be produced in neurons by a number of stimuli. Pressure, stretch, chemical transmitters, and electrical current passing across the nerve membrane as a result of a potential difference in voltage all can initiate nerve activity [3].\n\nThe narrow cross-section of axons lessens the metabolic expense of carrying action potentials, however thicker axons convey the impulses more rapidly. In order to minimize metabolic expense yet maintain a rapid conduction velocity, many neurons have insulating sheaths of myelin around their axons. The sheaths are formed by glial cells: oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. The sheath enables the action potentials to travel faster than in unmyelinated axons of the same diameter whilst simultaneously spending less energy to "recharge" the action potential after. The myelin sheath in peripheral nerves normally runs along the axon in sections about 1 mm long, punctuated by unsheathed nodes of Ranvier which contain a high density of voltage-gated ion channels. Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disorder which results from abnormal demyelination of peripheral nerves. Neurons with demyelinated axons do not conduct electrical signals properly.\n\nps. I think I deserve some points
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forebrain\nmidbrain\nhindbrain
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The brain is not composed entirely of neurons.\n\nHere's some pertinent info:\n\nThe "cast of characters" (cell types) in the fully developed central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) is small: we have neurons, astrocytes, oligodendroglial cells, microglial cells, ependymal cells, blood vessel cells (endothelial cells) and a few remaining primitive (neuro)ectodermal cells. Any of these cells can become a tumor. Here they are: \n\nAstrocytes can become astrocytomas \n\nOligodendrocytes can become Oligodendrogliomas \n\nMicroglial cells can become a Microglioma which is now called a Primary nervous system lymphoma \n\nPrimitive ectodermal cells can become Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors PNETs such as a Medulloblastoma \n\nEpendymal cells can become Ependymomas
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there are several types of neuroglia cells and they are often involved insupportive roles, surrounding the motor and sensory neurons of central nervous system CNS. Schwann cells are the jelly-roll type cells surrounding axons of myelinated nerves in the peripheral nervous system PNS
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The Dendrites receive the information transmitted by action potentials from other neurons.  The Axon conducts an action potential to the synapse to pass on to other neurons.  In other words,  Dendrites receive information and the Axon sends information.  \n\nA neuron has many dendrites but only one axon.\n\nHope this helps!
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The first link below has a good description of the different lobes of the brain and the functional areas of the cerebral cortex (scroll down).\n\nThe second has a nice picture of the 'homunculus' showing the way body parts are 'mapped' in the sensory and motor areas of the cortex.
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Neurons carry msgs through an electrochemical signal\nthree types of neurons r involved in this process...\nSensory (or afferent) neurons: send information from sensory receptors (e.g., in skin, eyes, nose, tongue, ears) TOWARD the central nervous system. \nMotor (or efferent) neurons: send information AWAY from the central nervous system to muscles or glands. \nInterneurons: send information between sensory neurons and motor neurons. Most interneurons are located in the central nervous system.
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look at the magazine Neuron
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the amount of neurons, and, they weigh differently... yea thats it.
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Some nerve cells around the sight of the injurty are invariably dead. However the vast majority are still perfectly functional. The area of dead neurons means they can not transmit information to the brain.
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Try here:\n\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain
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INFORMATION IS CONDUCTED ELETROCHEMICALLY BY THE NEURONS THROUGH VARYING CONCENTRATIONAS OF Na and K ions across the myelin seath of the neurons.in a neuron at rest there is more conc. of k ions on the inner side(this is the polarised region) and more conc. of Na ions on the outer side(depolarised region) .thus the inner side is at a greater potential than the outer side .when a stimulas is received the conc. in a particular regin of the neuron begins to change. K IONS move to the outer side and Na ions move to the inner side.now in that part of the neuron the outer membrane is at a higher potential than the the inner membrane. in the outer region the Kions are surrounded by large number of Na ions due to this a current sink develops and the K ion move back to the inner side while Na ions move back to the outer region and this region gets repolarised.but the region next to this gets deolarised in the process.thus the nerve impulse travels across the neuron as a wave of polarisation, depolarisation and repolarisation.\n           as the nerve impulse reaches the terminals of the neuron called dendrites the vesicles present there release ascetylcholine and this neurotransmitter transfers messages from one neuron to another and the above process continues till the message reaches the concerned organ.
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Average plant cell (30mirco meters)\n\naverage neuron (10 microns wide)
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Good question.  Neurons do not regenerate, and do not divide.  This is why nerve damage is so severe (i.e. Multiple Sclerosis).  Neurons are said to be at the END of cell lineage.  There are of course exceptions, but for all intents and purposes, this is all you need to know.