What is the vascular tissue that makes up wood and how does it do it?
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'\nxylem vascular tissue makes the wood after the secondary growth then it is called 'secondary xylem'.
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Animal (origin) glue is made from connective tissue, found in hoofs, bones, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage in vertebrate animals. Horses are good since their hooves are bigger.
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A stem cutting is a section taken from the stem of the plant that contains at least two nodes. The cutting is usually rooted in water, or a rooting medium such as a mixture of peatmoss and perlite, and frequently watered with a fine mist.  For hard-wood plants that do root, the lower portion is usually dipped in a chemical that aids the starting of the rooting process. (Where roots begin to grow at the lower node). When the roots are sufficiently strong, the cutting is potted and will grow normally.  Asexual, then, means that the reproduction of the plant was done without flowers.
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Flowers drink water with a capillary action.  Capillary action happens when water molecules are more attracted to the surface they travel along than to each other. In paper towels, the molecules move along tiny fibers. In plants, they move through narrow tubes that are actually called capillaries. Plants couldn't survive without capillaries because they use the water to make their food.  There is an experiement you can try at the link below.
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wood is a bad conductor. therefore it will not conduct current. but presence of moisture(water content) will make it a good conductor. therefore, dry wood wont conduct currrent. but live plant & tree will conduct current.if current passes through the plant or tree, the wet wood of tree will provide resistance to the flow of electrons(you know that current is produced because of flow of electrons). you know that if resistance is offerred to the current, heat will be produced.\n           heat produced= (square of current)*resistance offered by the tree\n            you also know that every component has certain latent heat content. if the heat produced is more than the latent heat of the wood, tree will burn.
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Animals have a circulatory system that transports fluids, chemicals, and nutrients around within the animal body. Some plants have an analogous system: the vascular system in vascular plants; trumpet hyphae in bryophytes.\n\nRoot hairs are thin-walled extensions of the epidermal cells in roots. They provide increased surface area and thus more efficient absorption of water and minerals. Water and dissolved mineral nutrients enter the plant via two routes. \n\n\nWater and selected solutes pass through only the cell membrane of the epidermis of the root hair and then through plasmodesmata on every cell until they reach the xylem: intracellular route (apoplastic). Water and solutes enter the cell wall of the root hair and pass between the wall and plasma membrane until the encounter the endodermis, a layer of cells that they must pass through to enter the xylem: extracellular route (symplastic). \n\n\nThe endodermis has a strip of water-proof material (containing suberin) known as the Casparian strip that forces water through the endodermal cell and in such a way regulates the amount of water getting to the xylem. Only when water concentrations inside the endodermal cell fall below that of the cortex parenchyma cells does water flow into the endodermis and on into the xylem.\nXylem and Transport \nXylem is the water transporting tissue in plants that is dead when it reaches functional maturity. Tracheids are long, tapered cells of xylem that have end plates on the cells that contain a great many crossbars. Tracheid walls are festooned with pits. Vessels, an improved form of tracheid, have no (or very few) obstructions (crossbars) on the top or bottom of the cell. The functional diameter of vessels is greater than that of tracheids.\n\nWater is pulled up the xylem by the force of transpiration, water loss from leaves. Mature corn plants can each transpire four gallons of water per week. Transpiration rates in arid-region plants can be even higher. Water molecules are hydrogen bonded to each other. Water lost from the leaves causes diffusion of additional water molecules out of the leaf vein xylem, creating a tug on water molecules along the water columns within the xylem. This "tug" causes water molecules to rise up from the roots to eventually the leaves. The loss of water from the root xylem allows additional water to pass throught the endodermis into the root xylem.\n\nCohesion is the ability of molecules of the same kind to stick together. Water molecules are polar, having slight positive and negative sides, which causes their cohesion. Inside the xylem, water molecules are in a long chain extending from the roots to the leaves. \n\nAdhesion is the tendency of molecules of different kinds to stick together. Water sticks to the cellulose molecules in the walls of the xylem, counteracting the force of gravity and aiding the rise of water within the xylem. \n\nCohesion-Adhesion Theory\nTranspiration exerts a pull on the water column within the xylem. The lost water molecules are replaced by water from the xylem of the leaf veins, causing a tug on water in the xylem. Adhesion of water to the cell walls of the xylem facilitates movement of water upward within the xylem. This combination of cohesive and adhesive forces is referred to as the Cohesion-Adhesion Theory.\n\n\nGuard Cells Regulate Transpiration\nIn most environments, the water concentration outside the leaf is less than that inside the leaf, causing a loss of water through openings in the leaf known as stomata (singular = stoma). Guard cells are crescent-shaped cells of the epidermis that flank the stoma and regulate the size of the opening. Together, the guard cells and stoma comprise the stomatal apparatus. The inner wall of the guard cell is thicker than the rest of the wall. When a guard cell takes up potassium ions, water moves into the cell, causing the cell to become turgid and swell, opening the stoma. When the potassium leaves the guard cell, the water
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Spalted Maple\n\n\nMaple wood with a dark veins caused by a pattern of rot or bacteria in the wood that once stabilized often looks like a pen and ink drawing through the wood.
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It is known as the 'latex' it is secreted by the lateciferous vessels found in the lateciferous tissues of some plants like Euphorbia, Heavea etc.
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"Wood is a complex physical and chemical structure. Its overall elemental composition by mass is about 49% carbon, 6% hydrogen, and 0.2% nitrogen; the remaining elements and their amounts and forms vary considerably from one species of tree to another."  From the Source.\n\nThey want you to say that it is because oxygen is consumed when the match burns.  However, that is wrong.  When the match burns, C and H in the wood is burned to make CO2 and H2O.  CO2 is a gas with the same volume as the O2 from which it was created.  H2O is a gas with TWICE the volume as the O2 from which it was created.  However, the H2O condenses to a liquid that has negligible volume, hence, there is a volume loss.  Notice, though, that wood is only 6% H.  That means that the volume loss due to the creation of H2O is very small.\n\nAlmost all of the volume change occurs because you trap heated air when you put the glass over the burning match.  When the air cools, it contracts.\n\nYou can test this for yourself by rigging a glass with a snuffer inside.  Rig it so that when you put the glass over the match the candle is snuffed out.  Thus, no O2 in the glass is consumed.  The water level will rise as in the case without the snuffer.\n\n(Don't blow out the match then put the glass over it.  This will blow away the heated air that is trapped when you put the glass over a burning match.)
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"Arteries are muscular vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the tissues and organs of the body (The vessels which return blood to the heart are veins)."\n\n"Capillaries are the smallest of a body's blood vessels, measuring 5-10 μm. They connect arteries and veins, and most closely interact with tissues."
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Transpiration, the properties of water, and the vascular tissues help the trees to suck water from the very bottom of the roots to the top of the tree leaves. Transpiration is caused when water is sucked from the root tips of the tree and into the vascular tissue called xylem. Because two of the properties of water state that water is adhesive (they stick to stuff) and cohesive (they stick together), these water molecules stick to the xylem as well as each other, using it's bonds to pull each other up the tree. And when the stomata (the hole on the underside of the leaf) opens for gas exchange, one water molecule at a time evaporates from the leaf, thus pulling the chain up one by one. Hope that helps!
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Yes sure:\n\nAll plant cells have a cell wall. Young growing cells, some storage cells and the photosynthesizing cells of leaves, all parenchyma cells have only a primary cell wall. The primary cell wall is thin and formed while the cell is undergoing growth. The cell wall surrounds the protoplast [cell membrane and all its contents]. Continuous pressure by the fluids inside the cell forces the cell membrane against the cell wall. Between the primary walls of adjacent cells is the middle lamella which cements the two cells together by means of an adhesive substance called pectin. Mature cells which stop growing lay a secondary wall. \n\nThe primary cell wall\n\nThe primary wall begins to form between cells that are completing cell division. A cell plate forms where a new cell wall will divide the two daughter cells. The cell plate forms from the microtubules. Microtubules may guide materials towards the cell plate which grows to the outside by addition of materials such as pectin. Much of the materials that form the cell plate become the pectin-rich middle lamella between the two cell walls of the daughter cells. As soon as this middle lamella is formed cells release structural material to build the primary cell wall.\n\nThe primary cell wall is thin relative to the secondary cell wall and the entire cell. It is generally 1 to 3μm thick. It consists of 9 to 25% cellulose. Cellulose molecules are unbranched and are bound together by means of hydrogen bonding into long cylindrical fibres called microfibrils [4.5-8.5nm thick]. The microfibril is a polymer of glucose made up of 30-40 pairs of cellulose molecules.\n\nCellulose molecules are arranged in a parallel form and thus microfibrils have an incredible high tensile strength relative to their weight. This orientation allows cells to elongate, the microfibrils slip past each other and are pulled along the axis of the cell. Recent and older microfibrils are laid over each other perpendicularly as threads in cloth.\n\nThe cellulose microfibrils are embedded in a matrix composed of celluloses, pectin and protein. The matrix is composed mainly of hemicelluloses which from a branching network filled with water. The primary cell wall contains 25 to 50% hemicelluloses. Pectic substances make up 10 to 35 % of the cell primary cell wall. Primary cell walls also have 10% protein involved in cell growth and recognition of antigens.  \n\nThe primary cell wall is also adapted for growth. During growth, growth regulating hormones are produced. These soften the primary cell wall and the microfibrils layers [perpendicular] move apart and slide past each other in the wall filled matrix. This takes place with the aid of water which is absorbed by the protoplast thus forcing a pressure against the cell wall. Thus the wall is stretching plastically [irreversible] as the cell grows.\n\nWhen the cell stops growing and cell division is complete, synthesis of growth regulating hormones is stopped and the microfibrils become entangled losing the organized parallel orientation. Therefore the microfibrils can no longer slide past each other and thus the primary cell wall resists further growing by means of the entangled microfibrils which have a high tensile strength. This makes cell walls resistant to swelling if placed in water.\n\nThe primary wall is porous allowing passage of water and materials dissolved in water. The pores are about 3.5 to 5.2nm in diameter compared to the 0.3nm of the diameter of water molecules. The water and other materials can thus pass through the cell wall medium which is called the apoplast.\n\nLeaves and young stems are made up of cells that have mainly primary cell walls. They are rigid when water forces a pressure against the cell wall, but wilt when water is lost and internal pressure decreases. Thus water together with primary cell walls provides a hydrostatic skeleton. \n\nThe secondary wall\n\nIn many plant cells, a primary wall is not enough to withstand the extreme
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a) is correct.\nIn vascular plants, secondary growth or, perhaps more accurately, secondary thickening is the result of the activity of the vascular cambium. The latter is a meristem that divides off cells: the cells on the inside of the meristem (the adaxial side) will become secondary xylem, while the cells on the outside (the abaxial side) will become the secondary phloem. This growth increases the girth of the plant, rather than its length, hence the phrase "secondary thickening". As long as the vascular cambium continues to produce new cells, the plant will continue to grow more stout. If this is kept up over many years, this process produces wood.Because this growth ruptures the epidermis of the stem, woody plants also may have a cork cambium that develops among the phloem. The cork cambium gives rise to thickened cork cells to protect the surface of the plant and reduce water loss.
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The rings in the woody plants also called annual rings are actually conducting tissues called the Xylem. Xylem transports minerals from the soil to different parts of the plant for its growth. The formation of these tissues varies (more in summer and less during  winter).
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Cellulose is produced by plants. It forms the primary structural component of green plants, within their cell walls. It has a very important structural role and is an important component of what we call "fiber" and "wood". Therefore, it has numerous commercial applications (cotton fiber, paper, construction material, etc.)
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Here is what i could fined but i was unable to find anything on the leaf eperdemal cells.\n\nA red blood cell is - a cell in the blood of vertebrates that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues\n\nprotozoans - Any of a large group of single-celled, usually microscopic, eukaryotic organisms, such as amoebas, ciliates, flagellates, and sporozoans.\n\nPhloem - the part of a vascular bundle consisting of sieve tubes, companion cells, parenchyma, and fibers and forming the food-conducting tissue of a plant. \n\nMuscle cells - an elongated contractile cell that forms the muscles of the body\n\n Xylem -a compound tissue in vascular plants that helps provide support and that conducts water and nutrients upward from the roots, consisting of tracheids, vessels, parenchyma cells, and woody fibers.
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Vascular plants have vascular tissues, enabling the plants to evolve to a larger size. Non-vascular plants lack these and are restricted to relatively small sizes. \n\nIn vascular plants, the principal generation phase is the sporophyte, which is diploid with two sets of chromosomes per cell. In non-vascular plants, the principal generation phase is often the gametophyte, which is haploid with one set of chromosomes per cell.\n\nvascular plants have a xylem that transports sugar, and a phloem that transports water and organic solutes through the plant.