Sympathetic nerves from the renal plexus are distributed to the?
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I know that sympathetic nerves innervate what juxtaglomerular cells that are part of the renal blood vessels.  These cells release renin in response to sympathetic stimulation.  This question is a little particular.  Because the juxtaglomerular "apparatus" includes both the vessels and the thick ascending limb of Henle. I would choose A if it was on my test, but if I could make a second guess I could say E.
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The adrenal gland in the endocrine system actually works in co-ordination with the autonomic nervous system of the peripheral nervous system.
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Parasympathetic autonomic nervous system originates craniosacrally. Sympathetic nervous system orginates as a thoraco-lumbar outflow.
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Back pain is often associated with the kidneys.  Your kidneys are located near your back, alongside your spine, but above your waistline. Each kidney contains over a million nephrons. These nephrons are necessary for proper kidney function.   Nephrotoxicity, one of the most common kidney problems, occurs when your body is exposed to a drug or toxin that causes damage to your kidneys.   When kidney damage occurs, you are unable to rid your body of excess urine, and wastes. Your blood electrolytes (such as potassium, and magnesium) will all become elevated. These conditions can often cause pain.
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The Adrenal glands which are located above the kidney. You cant feel it because it is a hormone being released. All you would feel is "fight or flight" feelings.\nYou should get yourself checked because it could be something else.
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B. the bloodstream\n\nThe glomerular filtrate is nearly - all resorbed in the tubules; only a teeeeeny % of the water, glucose, human serum albumin and salts are excreted in urine.
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The two answers that you see most often are nerve cell and ovum.\nBoth are correct.\n1. the nerve cells that make up sensory nerves have their cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion located in the back and the have extensions (dendrites) that reach to the area sensed (all the way to the toes. (many millimeters long but very, very thin).\n2. The cell body of the ovum is the round and had the largest volume of any cell.
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veins transmit deoxygenised blood toward the heart (except for pulmonary veins), while nerves transmit electrical impulses from the brain to sensory organs, or vice versa. \n\nsimple as that! peace.
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Sympathetic nerves originate inside the vertebral column, toward the middle of the spinal cord in the intermediolateral cell column (or lateral horn), beginning at the first thoracic segment of the spinal cord and extending into the second or third lumbar segments\n\nWhile an oversimplification, it is said that the parasympathetic system acts in a reciprocal manner to the effects of the sympathetic nervous system; in fact, in some tissues innervated by both systems, the effects are synergistic. The three main types of muscarinic receptors that are well characterised are:\n\nThe M1 muscarinic receptors are located in the neural system. \nThe M2 muscarinic receptors are located in the heart, and act to bring the heart back to normal after the actions of the sympathetic nervous system: slowing down the heart rate, reducing contractile forces of the atrial cardiac muscle, and reducing conduction velocity of the atrioventricular node (AV node). Note, they have no effect on the contractile forces of the ventricular muscle. \nThe M3 muscarinic receptors are located at many places in the body, such as the smooth muscles of the blood vessels, as well as the lungs, which means that they cause vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction. They are also in the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which help in increasing intestinal motility and dilating sphincters. The M3 receptors are also located in many glands that help to stimulate secretion in salivary glands and other glands of the body.
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Smooth muscle. It is part of the autonomic nervous system. This muscle helps to control the pressure and flow in the arteries of the body.
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Along the loops of Henle within the kidney, the concentration gradient ranges from 300 - 1200 mosmol.  1200 mosmol occurs at the bottom of the loop.\n\nEverything you ever wanted to know:\nhttp://www.biol.sc.edu/courses/bio102/f99-44.html\n\nGood luck!
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for internal in external structures and drawings.\nhttp://www.biologymad.com/Kidneys/Kidneys.htm
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In the whole autonomic nervous system there are 3 main hormones/neurotransmitters\n\n1)Adrenaline\n2)Noradrenaline\n3)Acetylcholine\n\nAdrenaline/Noradrenaline both stimulate the same receptors (alpha and beta adrenergic) but to different extents. (Think ADRENaline = ADRENergic. Both adrenaline and noradrenaline have ADREN in their name) AcetylCHOLINE stimulates CHOLINErgic receptors\n\nAll these transmitters are found in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic system
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Neural stimulus of the endocrine organ (eg. sympathetic nerve stimulus of adrenal gland to release adrenaline/epinephrine)\n\nIntrinsic stimulus by organ itself (eg. parathyroid glands react to low serum Ca levels & release parathyroid hormone)\n\nHormonal stimulus of the organ (eg. pituitary gland releases thyroid stimulating hormone to act on the thyroid gland to release growth hormone)
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see the following for a diagram:\n\nhttp://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/kidney/page2
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Adrenaline is released into the blood stream.  Another name for Adrenaline is Epinephrine.\n\nEpinephrine plays a central role in the short-term stress reaction—the physiological response to threatening or exciting conditions. It is secreted by the adrenal medulla. When released into the bloodstream, epinephrine binds to multiple receptors and has numerous effects throughout the body. It increases heart rate and stroke volume, dilates the pupils, and constricts arterioles in the skin and gut while dilating arterioles in leg muscles. It elevates the blood sugar level by increasing hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and at the same time begins the breakdown of lipids in fat cells.
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The sympathetic nervous system, when highly activated, causes stress-induced responses during times of danger.  So anything that aids skeletal muscle efficiency and motion will be stimulated.  So, blood flow will be directed towards skeletal muscle, nervous tissue, and brain, and away from everything else.  In addition to blood flow, all other systems will be inhibited (you dont want the intestines, stomach, kidneys, etc working hard while not getting enough blood flow).  So, the digestive systems and everything else will be inhibited.  If your sympathetic system is very highly stimulated, for an extended period of time, you will often get nauseous enough to vomit-because food will have been sitting in your stomach without being digested.  It may also cause diarrhea or constipation because of lack of digestive activity.\nGood luck in your classes.