What were the major geologic events of the Devonian?
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There was a lot going on during the Devonian, north America was under a shallow inland sea, the Appalachian mountains were as tall as they ever were, some scientists suspect that they were MUCH taller than the Himalayas. check out the web pages below, they have a lot of good information.
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As the Earth buckled, deep cracks penetrated to the buried sandstone layer.\n\nErosion (wind and rain) wore away exposed rock layers and enlarged the surface cracks, isolating narrow sandstone walls, or fins. \n\nAlternating frosts and thawing caused crumbling and flaking of the porous sandstone and eventually cut through some of the fins.\n\nThe resulting holes were enlarged to arch proportions by rockfalls and weathering (again the effects of wind and rain).
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You can type in geomorphology and use the various terms in a search engine.\nYou could read your Geology 101 text book.
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Plutons, Dikes, and Sills
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1. Continental drift or plate tectonics.\n\n2. Horizontal fault line.
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Try this:\n\nhttp://www.palaeos.com/Paleozoic/Permian/Permian.htm
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A good place to start would be to look through these paleogeographic maps of North America. This covers the last 550 million years in time slices about 10 million years apart. \n\nhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/nam.html\n\nThese never fail to fascinate me. There is another set that covers about 600 million years that shows the entire globe:\nhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/mollglobe.html\nLarger files are at (slow to load):\nhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/globehighres.html\n\nHere are links to a lot more:\nhttp://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/RCB.html\n\nAnother good resource for historical geology is the Paleomap project:\nhttp://www.scotese.com/\nScotese even includes a future map of the globe, for 50 million and 250 million years into the future:\nhttp://www.scotese.com/future.htm\nhttp://www.scotese.com/future2.htm
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The earth as it was 100 million years ago.\n\nSimple really!
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if you are looking something about tectonic... you will find interesting these sites:\nhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/dynamic.html\n\nbut if you want to read about evolutio on Earth... this link is really good:\nhttp://evolution.berkeley.edu/
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I think that what you are asking about might be better called coastal deposition.\n\nOver the span of geologic time the sea level has changed dramatically. As the sea level has moved up and down over time the coastal erosion process has created continental shelves that are covered in deposits eroded from dry land around some continents. This process has also helped shape the coastlines of the continents. \n\nOne of the more spectacular examples of coastal deposition are river deltas. The sediment carried by the river is deposited as the flow of river water slows. This tends to sort the sediments according to the energy level of the water that is flowing into the open ocean. First larger grains like gravel and pebbles settle down, and as the river slows, sand, and finally clay size particles settle out of the water. Many river deltas have built up sediment deposits that are several miles thick and cover areas as large as some states. Most of southern Louisiana is a river delta deposit. \n\nAlong many coasts there is a predominant wind direction that helps to build coast long-shore currents. These currents move parallel to the coastline and will cause sediment accumulations (from rivers) such as sand bars and islands to slowly migrate in one direction. Much of the sand on beaches is actually slowly migrating along the shore. As heavier winter waves move the sand offshore, the sand also tends to move along the shore and sometimes temporarily moves back up onto the beach at a new location. \n\nAnother geologic process that is involved in coastal change is both uplift and subsidence. Uplift is taking place on some coasts due to tectonic plate motion. Other coasts are subsiding, or sinking, due to both faulting and slow compaction of underlying sediments. This sort of subsidence is taking place along the Gulf Coast of the US where there are large growth faults that parallel the coast that are sinking towards the Gulf. Sediment deposited thousands and millions of years ago is still settling in some areas and this leads to loss of coastal wetlands and rising local sea level. \n\nIn other areas coastlines are being changed by local erosion of uplifted sediments (e.g. California). Landslides carry hillsides down to the coastline. Another change in many coastlines is being caused by a geologic process called isostacy. As glaciers accumulated across North America during the last ice age, they weighed down that part of the earth's crust and caused it to sink into the asthenosphere. The glaciers melted long ago, but the areas that were covered by glaciers are still rising. This creates a sort of teeter-totter effect, where some coastlines like parts of the East Coast of the US and the Louisiana coast are sinking. \n\nInformation on isostatic rebound:\nhttp://www.homepage.montana.edu/~geol445/hyperglac/isostasy1/\n\nMississippi River Delta:\nhttp://www.lacoast.gov/geography/basins/mr/\n\nExplanation of long shore drift:\nhttp://www.cofc.edu/CGOInquiry/longshoredrift.htm\n\nGood explanation of barrier islands:\nhttp://www3.csc.noaa.gov/beachnourishment/html/geo/barrier.htm\n\nA very good illustration of differential erosion in a coastal setting:\nhttp://www.rgs.edu.sg/events/geotrip/stack.html\n\nUN Coastal Types:\nhttp://www.oceansatlas.com/servlet/CDSServlet?status=ND0yNzYwJmN0bl9pbmZvX3ZpZXdfc2l6ZT1jdG5faW5mb192aWV3X2Z1bGwmNj1lbiYzMz0qJjM3PWtvcw~~
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I am not sure I understand your question so I will answer it two ways. Fossils are found in sedimentary rock because they originate as living organisms, and their remains will be carried away or buried by the same processes that create sedimentary rocks. Windblown sand will build and move sand dunes, moving water will transport sediment, gravity will cause piles of rock to build up at the base of mountains, and all sorts of sediment and remains will settle to the bottom of the sea. All are possible sedimentary rocks. Since igneous rocks were once melted, and metamorphic rocks undergo chemical changes from heat and pressure, it is not possible to find fossils in these rocks. \n\nMy second answer is how sedimentary rocks (and fossils) end up in layers. Many of the processes that move the sediment, like wind, flowing water, and some gravity driven events, only happen periodically. Storms create windstorms, heavy rainfall causes rivers to flood, and often things like heavy rain will trigger a sudden landslide. These events are distinct, and each one will create a new layer of deposits somewhere. Another way these layers are created is that rivers will often change course due to changes in flow. This will cause areas that have accumulated sand to now be covered by silt or shale when the river overflows its new channel. As the river builds a delta outward into the ocean, the part of the delta where the river first meets the ocean will deposit sand, while clays and silt are carried further out into the ocean. This will create layers of shale that are later covered by sand. Within each of these layers fossils of any organism that died while those were being deposited will be trapped, and the fossils in turn can be used to calculate the age of those deposits. Every layer of a sedimentary rock represents some event in the history of the earth. \n\nIn limestone, which has a very high content of fossils, the reason for this is that the limestone is built by the accumulation of the body parts left behind by those organisms. The fossils in limestone may not be transported at all, and instead may be in same place the organism lived (in relation to the immediate rock). Layers in limestone are more often created by rising and falling of sea level. As sea level raises many organisms that end up as limestone will die off. They will then be covered by a layer of sediment falling from the overlying water, and if sea level drops again, new organisms will begin to colonize the shallower water and build another layer of limestone.
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Try Wikipedia, or perhaps your local library has a general Geology book that you can reference
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tectonic plates or continental drift
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You have 5 major extincion events in Earth's history:\n\nThe more famous is the K-T Extinction Event aka the day the dinosaurs became oil about 65 million years ago.  That killed the majority of the animals on land, sea and air.  \n\nThe most powerful was the one that occurred 251 million years ago and took 95% of all life on Earth.  Use the link to find about the rest.
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Silurian (440 to 410 million years ago)\n    * First land plants\n\n\nSource: \nFossils and the geological timescale\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossils_and_the_geological_timescale
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Tertiary, plaeocene to eocene (about 50 million years ago).\n\nOnly minor collisions occured earlier in the Cretaceous.
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Contact - magma is injected into preexisting rock & the heat from the magma metamorphoses the rock.\n\nRegional - covers a large area; usually due to mountain forming episodes called orogenies; the mountain forming episodes are caused by two continental plates converging; neither plate subducts b/c they are both the same in density.\n\nCataclastic - occurs along faults where plates grind past each other; due to friction\n\nThere is also burial metamorphism which occurs due to great heat & pressure from burial under many layers of sediment; when heat & pressure becomes great enough, burial metamorphism becomes regional.