Is butyric acid a volatile or non-volatile fatty acid?
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butyric acid has a boiling point of 162oC.  it will not be very volatile at all, especially incomparison to water, acetic acid etc.
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Propyl isobutyrate, by which I assume you mean n-propyl iso-butyrate, has many common names including:\n\nPropanoic acid, 2-methyl-, propyl ester; Isobutyric acid, propyl ester; Propyl isobutyrate; Isobutyric acid n-propyl ester; n-Propyl 2-methylpropanoate; Propyl 2-methylpropanoate; Propyl isobutanoate\n\nThe NIST chemistry webbook has all of this stuff online for free.
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By Carboxylic acid, let's assume you mean an aliphatic carboylic acid with no electron withdrawing groups attached.\n\nSo let's compare ... acetic acid to phenol.\n\nAcetic acid's pka is 4.76\n\nphenol's pka is 9.95\n\nClearly acetic acid is more acidic. The answers above are essentially correct. A carboxylic acid is stabilized through resonance through the 2 carbonyl groups. The phenoxide anion is stabilized through delocalization of the electrons in a pi system. At the end of the day, though, phenol is still an alcohol and its proton is not given willingly in solution.
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Carbon Dioxide-Acidic\n\nOxygen-Neutral
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lipids\ncarbohydrates\namino acids/proteins\nnucleic acids
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fatty acids and alcohol esters are easy, they just need:\n\n1. Heat\n2. Acid catalyst (often PTSA or sulfuric acid)\n2. Vacuum\n3. Nitrogen sparge\n\nthe alcohol group will react with the hydrogen on the fatty acid producing water, if the water is not remove, the bond will be hydrolyzed, which is why the vacuum is required to strip out the formed water.
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The ABE process uses bacteria to produce Acetone Butanol and Ethanol. This fermentation process yielded a 6:3:1 ratio of Butanol, Acetone and Ethanol.
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Esterfied hydrocarbon oils can be both plant and animal based.  If the hydrocarbon is unsaturated (ie it contains one or more double bonds) than most likely it's plant based.  Saturated fats come from animals and contain no double bonds.
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Since vegetable oils are not pure materials, they will have varying molecular weights depending on the specific mixture of a sample of the oil.  I would recommend using Chemfinder.com and free MSDS resources on the internet to gather data.\n\nFor example, Chemfinder.com lists lauric acid as the primary ingredient of coconut oil.  Lauric acid has a molecular weight of 200.  This may be good enough for your purposes.
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The easiest way to approach problems like these, my friend, is to look at your alkyl halide first and then look at your nucleophile or base.\n\nT-butyl bromide is a tertiary halide.  Tertiary halides undergo E1 and SN1 reactions because of their ability to form a stable carbocation intermediate.  If you recall, tertiary carbocations are more stable than primary and secondary.\n\nYour -OCH3 is a strong base known as methoxide, the conjugate base of methanol.  Strong bases favor elimination reactions and thus the elimination product is your answer.
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First of all carboxylic acid  is a group.\n\nA carboxylic acid is an organic molecule with a -(C=O)-OH group. The group is also written as -COOH and is called a carboxyl group. The hydrogen on the -COOH group ionizes in water; carboxylic acids are weak acids. The simplest carboxylic acids are formic acid (H-COOH) and acetic acid (CH3-COOH).
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Acetic acid (HC2H3O2, or CH3COOH). Vinegar.
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The vinegar in salad dressing has a lot of water in it, which is more polar than both the oil and acetic acid.  As mentioned above, oil is nonpolar, water and acetic acid are polar, nonpolar and polar do not typically mix.  "Like dissolves like."
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This is an esterification, \nButanoic Acid (CH3CH2CH2CO2H)+ ethanol (HO-CH2CH3), in basic media, yields ethyl butyrate. \n\nCH3CH2CH2CO2H + HO-CH2CH3 --> CH3CH2CH2COO-CH2CH3
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In the production of esters:\n\nR1-OH + R2COOH -> R2COOR1 + H2O\n\nin this case BuOH + EtCOOH -> EtCOOBu + H2O\n\nThis reaction can be catalysed by acidifying (H+(aq)) the reactants.\n\nAn electron pair on the hydroxyl group [of the alkanol (Butanol)] attacks the delta positive carbon of the carbonyl group [alkanoic acid (Propanoic acid)]. I'm sure you can figure out the rest!
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Fatty acids & glycerol are the end products.....those fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated too.
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Malonic acid (from Latin malum = apple) (1,3-propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2. The ion form of malonic acid, as well as its esters and salts, are known as malonates.