The Ultimate Question! Why do we yawn and why are they infectious?
414199
Yawning, like laughter, can be infectious. As to why this should be, there is little hard evidence, although yawning may be an arousal response that arose early in evolution and whose aim is to improve oxygenation of brain tissue and increase alertness, with a view to enhanced survival. In social groupings, the sight of one member yawning might act as a signal to cause other members to yawn - in some way the yawn is a warning that attention is slipping and the group may be at risk…\n\nResearch into the physiology and pathology of yawning appears to be quite limited. However, I have come across a couple of useful references. The first gives a general description of what happens when we yawn:\n\n"Yawning is a response to a wide variety of stimuli, including sleepiness and an awakening from sleep, hunger, boredom, nervousness, and intracranial disease. It is infectious, occurs more frequently in the newborn, and is likely to be more vigorous (especially the accompanying stretch) in early morning than late at night."\n\n"A yawn consists of an expansion of the chest, descent of the diaphragm and larynx, elevation of the ala nasi and soft palate, downward and backward movement of the tongue, abduction of the vocal cords, wide opening of the mouth, contraction of the tensor veli palatini muscle, closing of the eyes, lacrimation, pulling the head backwards, stretching of the upper arms sideward and the lower arms upward, and, less frequently, stretching of the legs. Vasoconstriction in the digits and cardiac acceleration have also been found to accompany the yawn. The whole act occupies 5 to 10 seconds, most of which time is spent in the inspiratory phase."\n\n"Although yawning certainly is an effective way of fully expanding the lungs and increasing the venous return to the heart, its psychic implications are also of great interest. The author finds that merely writing this is a potent stimulus towards yawning, and perhaps the reader is similarly stimulated." (Fenn and Rahn 1964)\n\nA good review of yawning is provided by Askenasy (1989), and the points that follow are derived from this source. Apparently, yawning movements have been observed in fetuses as early as the 15th week after conception, and continue to occur sporadically throughout the remainder of pregnancy. The newborn baby yawns a few minutes after birth. The frequency of yawning gradually diminishes as the baby matures\n\n\nSeveral causes of yawning are discussed in the review:\n\n psychological - this includes boredom, drowsiness, fatigue, separation, imitation, and autosuggestion \n\n hormonal - ACTH and MSH \n\n neurological - various brain pathologies including coma, encephalitis, hypoxia, and neoplasms \n\n psychiatric - for example schizophrenia, psychosis, depression and withdrawal \n\n general pathologies - ear disorders, gastric and biliary disorders, and motion sickness \n\n drug overdose - for example naloxone, valproate, imipramine, clomipramine, seratonin, and pentobarbital \n\n drug withdrawal - from heroin, morphine, lefetamine, methadone, and pentazocin.
609665
Because they trigger the receptors in the brain to relax.  Yawning signals relaxation to other humans, thus causing themselves to inadvertantly yawn.  It's like human relation reflex.
217186
In humans, and probably in all those organisms that yawn, yawning is caused by a lack of oxygen. When we are tired, we breathe less often as well as less deeply, so our bodies have evolved a way to fix that problem: forced deep breathe.
1177906
Yawning is your body's attempt to get more oxygen.  When you are tired, your breathing tends to get more shallow, and your body tries to compensate by making you yawn - bringing in more oxygen.\n\nHere's some more information on yawning, and why it's "contagious".
1170939
From what I've read, we are not sure exactly why that happens, but many doctors and scientist believe is is due to a mental reaction that sees a person yawn and believes you should do so as well.  Yawning is a response to a lack of oxygen in the brain under idle conditions, such as standing around or sitting in a chair.  So when you see someone yawn, your brain triggers a yawn to make sure you are also not starving your brain.
56869
The answer is, no one really knows why yawning is "contagious". Or why we yawn at all. One popular explanation is that yawning allows you to get rid of too much carbon dioxide in your system and increase your oxygen supply. This was disproved by Dr. Robert Provine and his research team in 1987.\n\nNow scientists are wondering if yawning is from our deep past -- part of our evolutionary history. Did a yawn signal to the group that it was time for everyone to retire to the trees and snooze? Did a yawn signal that we were all feeling cozy and warm about each other? Did a yawn signal something more like, "Gee, I know how you're feeling, I feel that way too."
662014
This came up in my sister's wildlife biology class--in the wild, animals that live in herds do something similar to a yawn when everything is peaceful and there is no danger lurking (like lions), and the yawn passes from one animal to the next as a signal.  Apparently the biological urge is in humans as well--maybe we are passing along that we are relaxed and not feeling threatened.
558756
As far as you should know yawning is contagious. Sorry I couldn't read that five-letter word you tried to put in it.
65932
From straightdope:\n\n"nobody really knows. Fact is, we don't know why people yawn, period.\n\nIt was long believed you yawned when there was too much carbon dioxide and not enough oxygen in your blood. A part of your brain called the brain stem detected this and triggered the yawn reflex. Your mouth stretched wide and you inhaled deeply, shooting a jolt of oxygen into the lungs and thence to the bloodstream.\n\nSubsequently, you exhaled a lot of CO2. Often you'd stretch while yawning, which seemed to temporarily improve circulation. You yawned and stretched a lot more when you got tired because your breathing slowed down.\n\nOr so people thought. In recent years, though, a few radicals have said the preceding is all malarkey. Who knows, they say, maybe we yawn because it's too warm in the room.\n\nCecil isn't about to settle the issue here, and he doesn't need to. We merely observe that whatever yawn-inducing conditions prevail for you also apply to your friends.\n\nIf you're out late in some crowded dive, you're probably all tired, all warm under the collar, and all breathing the same stale air. You're probably all on the verge of a yawn, too, and the power of suggestion from seeing one person do it is enough to push everybody else over the edge.\n\nAdults rarely catch a case of the yawns from a child or animal, which tends to corroborate this idea.\n\nChildren usually have different sleep schedules and respiration rates from adults, so you would expect them to yawn at different times. Animals, on the other hand, often yawn not for physiological reasons but as a display of hostility, to which humans are evidently unresponsive."
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Cover your mouth if you want to, but it won't keep the next guy from "catching" your yawn.\nContagious yawning is real, scientists say, and it's "probably programmed into us," according to Dr. William Broughton, director of the Sleep Disorders Center at the University of South Alabama Knollwood Hospital.\n\nThe action of a mouth opening is not what compels others to yawn, Broughton said. Studies have demonstrated that showing someone a photo of a wide-open mouth does not induce a yawn.\n\nConversely, holding a hand over the mouth while yawning doesn't prevent it from being contagious, Broughton said.\n\nContagious yawns appear "basically to be a visual response," Broughton said.\n\nBetween 40 and 60 percent of people who watch videos or hear talk about yawning also end up doing the deed, according to Nature News Service.\n\nResearchers from the State University of New York in Albany tested people to find out why some are susceptible to contagious yawning and deduced that self-aware or empathetic people are more likely to catch yawns, according to the news service.\n\n"Identifying with another's state of mind while they yawn may trigger an unconscious impersonation....The findings also explain why schizophrenics, who have particular difficulty in doing this, rarely catch yawns," Nature News Service reported.\n\nBroughton said contagious yawning may be a social phenomenon, allowing groups of humans to coordinate their times of sleep.\n\nRonald Baenninger, a professor in the psychology department at Temple University in Pennsylvania, has studied yawning and said that the contagiousness is the part we know the least about.\n\nOne hypothesis is that the phenomenon came about when ancestral humans lived in troops, and it was important for them to wake up at the same time. Yawning may have been a way for them to communicate the level of alertness among different group members, Baenninger said.\n\nToday, contagious yawning is just the result of evolution, an instinctive action, Baenninger said.\n\nThough other creatures yawn - including dogs, cats and even snakes - contagious yawning is a "purely human occurrence," Broughton said. It begins around age 2.\n\nBaenninger and his students conducted a study to see if the contagion works between species. The students went to the zoo to observe whether humans would yawn when the animals did. A few people yawned in response to a lion's yawn, but the lion never replicated the humans' behavior, Baenninger said.\n\nThere is some evidence that when one ape yawns, others will too, the professor said.\n\nBroughton said it's not clear what causes yawns. He defined yawning as "slow, involuntary gaping movements of the mouth," and said the word is derived from the Old English word ganien, which means "to gape."\n\nSpontaneous yawning begins in the embryonic stage, so it is not learned behavior, Broughton said.\n\nThe idea of a fetus yawning while in the womb goes along with the notion of the action being a way to prepare for something, Baenninger said.\n\nYawning appears to be associated with sleepiness, though the idea that it has to do with boredom is not necessarily true, Broughton said. It's an unconscious effort to keep your alertness level elevated, Baenninger said.\n\n"I'm a professor. All professors are used to having students yawn at them," Baenninger said. But the yawns are an attempt to stay awake, rather than an affront, he said.\n\nA few notions about why we yawn have been debunked: "Because breathing takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide, theories in the past about why we yawn centered on the assumption that it was a reflex in response to low oxygen or high carbon dioxide levels," writes Dr. Robert H. Shmerling, an associate physician at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and an associate professor at Harvard Medical School.\n\n"This theory lost favor
33139
we yawn to equalise the pressure difference between our ears and the outside. when u yawn you equalise the pressure in your ears but there is a disbalance created in the atmosphere and hence others around you also start yawning....!!!!
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Prehistoric hunter gatherers had to face many threats, from big predators to neighbouring tribes.\n\nOne theory (and it's just a theory, mind, no one knows for sure) is that yawning might have evolved as a way of drawing attention to the fact that the guy on watch was getting sleepy.\n\nThe guard yawns involuntarily, the other hunters in the group might not notice it consciously, but subconsciously they do, and they pass it on. Eventually someone notices that the group is tired and goes to checks on the the guy on watch.\n\nI like this theory, it makes sense to me.
262175
science are baffled why yawning is contagious. They have none whatsoever for explaining this phenomena. However psychologies insists it is psychological.
325601
Professor Andrews told Scientific American yawns may be contagious because we human animals are trying to communicate changing environmental conditions to others, possibly as a way to synchronize behavior. Obviously, this would be one of those caveman-type mechanisms that is no longer needed that our bodies remember and still do.\n\nWhen we yawn, we draw in more oxygen and remove a build-up of carbon dioxide. Larger groups produce more carbon dioxide. So one theory holds that we yawn when we're in large groups of people to purge the carbon dioxide--and in so doing, we set off a chain reaction. But Robert Provine, a psychologist at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, tested the theory and says it's bunk. Giving people additional oxygen didn't decrease yawning and decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide in a subject's environment also didn't prevent yawning, notes the How Stuff Works Web site.\n\nWhatever the reason for yawns being contagious, How Stuff Works reports that 55 percent of people will yawn within five minutes of seeing someone else yawn. In addition, blind people will yawn after hearing others yawning. And we're sure that reading and writing about yawns is enough to induce one!
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Here are some very cool links about yawning in general and why it is contagious:\n\nhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/question572.htm\n\nhttp://staff.washington.edu/~chudler/yawning.html\n\nhttp://www.world-science.net/exclusives/050309_yawnfrm.htm\n\nBy the way, excellent question.  Hope this helps.\n\nGod Bless!  :)
330313
This is science.\n\nWhen you yawn, it is because your brain lacks oxygen and need to get more oxygen. This is done by yawning where you inhale deeply to take in more air and oxygen. \n\nWhat you mentioned is especially true, especially in crowded places or enclosed palces.\n\nWhen you yawn, you take in large amount of air from the surrounding, depriving the other of the oxygen. Thus, the others will need more oxygen too. So, they yawn to take in more air. And when they yawn, they take in even more air from the surrounding and the others will have to yawn to get sufficient oxygen.\n\nOne yawn will spark off a chain reaction of yawning.\n\nUnderstand now?
347438
It's a subconscious thing.  When a person is yawning, their body is sensing that it is not getting enough oxygen.  Something in our subconscious sets off, and causes us to yawn when we see someone else do it.