How to extract oil from cactus stem using hexane or other solvent?
406134
If you put your piece of cactus in the blender with some water & some hexane and whirr it up a bit, then strain it & transfer it to a separating vessel (looks like a giant teardrop with a tap on each end), the oils should dissolve in the solvent and you can tap them off.  Then you can evaporate off the solvent & be left with the oils.\n\nThis should work based on the principle that "like dissolves like": Water is very polar, and hexanes are very non-polar. Since any oils in cactus are going to be non-polar also, they will dissolve readily in the hexanes but not in the water.\n\nBut the question remains....why do you want to do this?
46369
Try it.\nThe easiest source of citric acid is lemon juice.\n\nThe usual solvent for nail varnish is acetone. This is the chemical with that lovely smell in nail polish remover. The point of using varnish is that watery things do not dissolve it.
1120663
uh if you're having a problem with solvents in your wax use fire (it's amazing what you can do with those tealight candles and alcohol though it's not something you should do around flamable materials...)\n\nparaffin wax shouldn't dissolve in most conventional solvents.
433350
Try fingernail polish remover.  It really depends on the resin.  Some may take solvents such as hexane or acetone.
900038
If it is a school project, go through the department chair to have them obtain the supplies for you, and give you the proper supervision.\n\nIt would raise the eyebrows of the authorites to do otherwise, as hexane could be used in meth production just like ether.\n\nIt is an explosion hazard similiar to ether, a proper lab at school is the place to use this.
31682
Mineral oils. Some even have aloe vera extract and vitamin E
738126
Here is one directly from my website.  \n\nThe bottom line - you need hot pepper plants more than anything else - salt and pepper won't work.\n\nBefore OC can be distributed to the various buyers, it must first be processed through three different levels and meet specific criteria. The manufacturer must decide if they want oil or water based formula and the desired level of pungency. They must also ensure that the capsaicin remains evenly dispersed throughout their final product. How the three levels of oil and water based OC are created are:\n\n \n\nLevel 1-\n\nPeppers are gathered and harvested from around the world.  They will vary in pungency dependent on the type and quality. It is not the quantity of the peppers, but rather the quality of the peppers that matter.  The peppers are then dried and micro-pulverized.  After the peppers are pulverized the capsaicinoids must be extracted.  Oleoresin Capsicum is derived by adding solvents to peppers in order to remove the natural oils, fats, and waxes where the Capsaicinoids are found. This mixture of peppers and solvents is called Miscella.  Once the process is completed, the solvents are removed by distillation or evaporation, and the thick, oily substance which remains is the Oleoresin Capsicum in its purest state. The capsaicinoids exist within the oily mixture. This OC is extremely pungent and must be diluted in order to be used commercially. Besides pepper spray, some common products that are produced are hot sauces, analgesic creams and rubs.\n\n \n\nNOTE: This compound is so intense that it will literally cause 2nd degree burns to exposed skin.\n\n \n\nLevel 2 – \n\nOnce the first level has been completed, the manufacturer must decide what type of level three OC formulation they desire; oil or water based.\n\n \n\nLevel 2 oil based OC- The level 1 OC is diluted with other oils to meet the desired level of pungency in it’s level 2 formulation. Common oils used are mineral oil, vegetable oil, or soy oil. Once the level 2 is produced it will contain 4.0% capsaicinoids, which equates to 1,000,000 Scoville Heat Units.\n\n \n\nLevel 2 water based OC- The level 1 OC is diluted by adding distilled water and an emulsifier to meet the desired level of pungency in it’s level 2 formulation. Water based OC was developed so water could be used as the primary carrier, replacing hazardous industrial solvents and ensuring that the product is nonflammable.  To ensure water solubility, the refinement process removes sufficient fats, oils, and waxes.  The capsaicinoid content is reduced and consequently the pungency is lowered. Water based OC does not require high concentrations of solvents to ensure capsaicinoid dispersion within the OC formulation.  Water based OC is nonflammable due to high levels of water and low levels of solvents.  Once the level 2 is produced it will contain a 2.0% capsaicinoid content, which equates to 500,000 Scoville Heat Units.                                                                                                                                                                             \n\n                                                \n\nLevel 3- \n\nCriteria - Prior to the commercial use of OC it is necessary for the OC manufacturer to dilute the level 2 OC product at a specific pungency level as specified by the commercial manufacturer. The manufacturer must ensure that the capsaicin remains evenly dispersed throughout the formulation.\n\n \n\nLevel 3 oil based - By the very nature of their oily characteristic, oil based solutions must be mixed with strong industrial solvents to ensure even suspension of the capsaicin.  It will require approximately 19 parts of solvent to 1 part of Level 2 OC (19:1)  The one part of OC solution represents 5.0% of the total formulation and therefore it is typically referred to as 5.0% pepper spray.\n\n \n\nLevel 3 water based OC – The water based level 3 formula is created by adding more water. Small qu
739814
do not use that!   use paintball marker oil at a paintball gun store...dicks sporting goods should have it
203420
Any sort of oil product...Gasoline, Jet fuel, Axle Grease, Kerosene, Asphalt...ect.  The basic idea is simple, you take this crude oil out of the ground (It used to be swamps and such 120 Million years ago) and then heat it up without oxygen.  As you let the temperature come down, specific oil based products condense out.  The graphic on the accompanying page shows crude oil being heated and added to the column.  As the "boiled" gaseous crude oil travels up the column, the temperature decreases, so different products condense out and are pumped away.  (same idea as water condensing on your mirror after a shower---the water was hot, then it touched a cooler mirror and turned back into a liquid)
1045748
Try using a petroleum product. Gasoline works amazingly well, but smells horrible. You can also use nail polish remover. be sure to wash your hands well after removal with soap and water. Then apply a lotion to insure that your hands do not dry out.
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spray or deo, parfum, medical-alchool, nailsdecolorant.. etc\n\nanything based on powerfull alchool or with low boiling temeprature...
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Simple, but be careful! This pale yellow oily substance will explode on a pin-prick.\n\nPass dry chlorine over .880 ammonia, with the ammonia in excess...and collect the residual compound.\n\nSell it to Bin Laden!
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A very small amount or until you get the form you want.  If you are copying a commercial formula, there may be a fourth ingredient.\n\nhttp://www.environmentalsciences.homestead.com/makeyourown.html\n\nNote that pine oil is not totally harmless\n\nhttp://www.home-air-purifier-expert.com/household-chemical.html#Floor%20Cleaner\n\n*************************************\n\n\nTo get what end product?
585025
I don't know that you can, different solvents react differently to pressure, so I don't think it's a one eqaution fits all kind of process.  That's why they all have different graphs for phase vs temperature/pressure.  I'm sorry.\nSounds like you have a pretty high boiling point though, the things I've taken off that had to be real high temp were water, toluene, and pyridine.  Could it be one of them?  They smell pretty different, so you'd know which.  \nThat's an interesting question though, I've never stripped a solvent that I didn't know what it was.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubricating_oil
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Buy a bottle of Tabasco sauce, mix with one gallon of water, strain mixture using a cotton cloth, pour into a spray bottle, then spray the trees well with the mixture. Repeat mothly......KECK
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Mineral oil and resin\nPenreco Versagel