What field of science is devoted to the study of fossilized pollen?
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The specialized field is paleobotany, the study of extinct plants.
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biology, zoology, botany, physics, chemistry, electronics, computer science, earth science, meteorology, geology, etc.
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This doesn't really belong in Earth Sciences.  Biology or Botany are more specific categories for questions about living matter.  However, I'm in a good mood because it's Friday.  Check the link.
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Pliny came up with those divisions (or at least described them) in his “Natural History,” written in the First Century A.D.  Science has changed a bit in the last 2,000 years, however, so those divisions no longer accurately reflect the way scientists would describe their fields of study.\n\nFirst off, Pliny himself never intended those categories to include studies such as astronomy or physics (both of which existed in his time, in somewhat different guises).  And there are fields such as chemistry that didn’t exist at all in his time, nor would they confine themselves to those three divisions.\n\nSure, we have biologists, botanists, and geologists, whose jobs might roughly correspond to the “animal, vegetable, and mineral” categories, but we also have microbiologists, paleobotanists, and geophysicists whose jobs would hardly fit into such rigid parameters.\n\nSo the short answer is no, the complexity of modern science defies the categorization of “animal, vegetable, and mineral,” in many more ways than one.\n\n\nRyan Wyatt\nRose Center for Earth & Space\nNew York, New York
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Archaeologists have found 80,000-year-old corn pollen below Mexico City. Because this pollen is almost exactly the same as modern popcorn pollen, researchers believe that "cave people" most likely had popcorn.\n\nPopcorn probably grew first in Mexico, though it was also used in China and India hundreds of years before Columbus reached the Americas. \n\nHere are some great sites regarding the history, planting, types, why it pops, etc.:  \n\nhttp://www.rossonhousemuseum.org/body_popcorn_history.html\nhttp://www.factmonster.com/spot/popcorn1.html\nhttp://www.popcorn.org/encyclopedia/eppophis.cfm\nhttp://www.popcorn.org/encyclopedia/epanhist.cfm\nhttp://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/hortnews/2000/7-21-2000/popcorn.html\nhttp://www2.kenyon.edu/Projects/Farmschool/food/corntyp.htm\nhttp://maize.agron.iastate.edu/popcorn.html\n\nGET BUSY!
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i think if you go to one of the major weather websites, like weather.com you can click on pollen count and you should be able to go back dates.  otherwise, try gomemphis.com, that's the website for the commercial appeal, local newpaper.
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Biology\nEnvironmental Science\nChemistry
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Abstract \nPollen morphology is closely related to its function. Many of the features present in pollen grains have helped the species of plants to which it belongs to adapt to life on land, be able to disperse its pollen, and fertilize the female eggs to produce new seeds that would give rise to new plants.  I have collected four samples of pollen from angiosperms and studied their detailed morphology.  This paper studies the correlations between the structure and function of pollen grains of those four species angiosperms.\n\nPollen grains are structures that house the male gametophyte generation of angiosperms and gymnosperms (seed plants).  They are also the vehicles in which the male gamete genetic code is carried to the female gamete.  Pollen grains develop in the anther in angiosperms.  It travels and is deposited on the stigma of a receptive flower.  In gymnosperms, pollen develops in the male cone, travels, and fertilizes the ovules in the female cones to produce seeds.  Each pollen grain consists of the two celled male haploid plant enclosed in a thickened wall.\n\nThe casing that houses the male gametophyte has a very complex structure that is reflective of that specific species' functional adaptations.  The exine is the outer layer of a living pollen grain.  It is composed of sporopollenin, with small quantities of polysaccharides.  Sporopollenin is very chemically stable1 and it is resistant to to almost all kinds of environmental damage.  It is equipped with apertures.  It it divided into two sub layers: the outermost sexine and the unsculptured underlying nexine.  The sexine has surfaces that are sculptured in elaborate ways, with reticulately arranged perforations.  These give the exine and amorphous or granular appearance.  The inner layer of a living pollen grain is called the intine.  It is composed of cellulose and is very similar in construction to ordinary plant cell walls.  A layer called the endexine separates the sexine and intine.  The endexine has a laminated appearance.\n\nPollen grains are generally classified according to their physical appearance.  There are three criteria of classification: 1) the number and position of the apertures; 2) the shape of the pollen grain as a whole; and 3) the fine elaborate structure on the sexine.  Apertures are any missing parts of the exine, which are independent of the exine pattern.  Apertures are big and they cut across the fine structure pattern on the surface of the pollen grain.  There are two types of apertures: pori or pores are mostly isodiametric apertures, although the can be slightly elongated with rounded ends; colpi or furrows are long and boat shaped with pointed ends.  Colpi are thought to be more primitive.  In living pollen grains these apertures are not actually open.  Instead, a very thin layer of exine covers them.  Grains with pori are called porate; those with culpi are called culpate; and those with both pori and culpi are called colporate.  If their apertures are arranged equidistantly around the equator of the pollen grains they are assigned the prefix zono-; if they are scattered all over the surface of the pollen grain they are assigned the prefix panto-.  The number of apertures is also indicated by prefixes: mono- for one aperture; di- for two apertures; tri- for three apertures; and so on.\n\nThe shape of a pollen grain refers to the shape of their outline in polar and equatorial views.  The shape of a grain can sometimes be useful in identifying of pollen species, but not usually. I may vary considerably within one grain type, and sometimes within one species.\n\nThe sculpture refers to the fine structure and pattern of the sexine.  It is composed of small radially directed rods.  If these rods support something (such as a plate or a small knob) they are called columnellae; if they do not support anything they are called bacula.  The shape of the rods can further classify them.  If they are club shaped they are called clavae;
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Volcanology is a branch of geology, the study of the earth. Volcanology emphasizes studies of the processes, products, hazards, and environmental impacts of volcanic eruptions. Volcanologists are geologists who specialize in studies of "young" volcanism. They focus on eruptions within the past 10,000 years, especially on those within recorded history. Volcanologists also study currently active or potentially active volcanoes. They use conventional geologic methods, including geologic mapping and age determination of the deposits of past eruptions. They also use field and laboratory studies of volcanic products, geophysical surveys, and drilling studies. The information they gather provides clues about the volcano's eruptive style (explosive vs. nonexplosive; eruption sizes), eruption frequency, underground structure, and magma reservoir. Volcanologists use this information to evaluate the likelihood of future eruptions (long-term forecasts) and other hazards. They also try to construct maps that show the most vulnerable areas on and around the volcano.
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Volcanology (also spelled vulcanology) is the study of volcanos, lava, magma and related geological phenomena. A volcanologist (also spelled vulcanologist) is a person who studies in this field.\n\nVolcanologists frequently visit volcanoes, especially active ones, to observe volcanic eruptions, collect eruptive products including tephra, rock and lava samples. One major focus of enquiry is the prediction of eruptions; there is currently no accurate way to do this,but predicting eruptions,like predicting earthquakes,could save a lot of lives. You would have to be knowledgeable in chemistery in order to become a volcanologist.
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Fossil means remains of plants and animals that lived on earth long age, both on land and  and in sea (marine).
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well its what you are interested in\nif plants- do something about plant evolution\nif animals- major extinction of animals\nwell thats what i did. got an "A" for it
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Paleontology is the study of life in prehistoric times by using fossil evidence... You dig up ancient site where there are chances of discovering the remains of an ancient civilization. Then you calculate the age of fossils. You may also come across Dinosaur Fossils and become popular.
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There is now a whole subspecialty of paleomagnetism and archaeology called archaeomagnetism that utilizes the phenomenon you are talking about in the study of archaeological sites. Kilns and hearths have been especially useful in this field, as they were regularly heated to fairly high temperatures, which did allow for realignment of microscopic magnetic particles such as hematite and magnetite with lines of flux in the magnetic field of the earth. By recording the orientations of the particles in old kilns etc, which have been accurately dated by other methods, dating scales of magnetic orientations have been  developed.(last 2 sentences paraphrased from last url on list bleow, which has a nice virtual tour of the application an archaeomagnetism study at an archaeological site.\nI'm directing you to a few informative sites:\nhttp://www.u.arizona.edu/~slengyel/amag2_new-sw_002.htm\nhttp://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/dating/dat_mag.html\nhttp://www.bradford.ac.uk/acad/archsci/depart/resgrp/archmag/menu.php?2\nhttp://www.meteo.be/CPG/aarch.net/onlytxt/no.frame.html\nhttp://farahsouth.cgu.edu/tour/archaeomagnetism/
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Hi there,\n\nHere is some info about studying Archaeology. \nHope this helps. And good luck!\n\nhttp://www.crowcanyon.org/EducationProducts/archaeologists_online/05_career.htm
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Ecology\n\nEthology\n\nBiogeography \n\nbiochemistry\n\nbiophysics\n\nzoology,\n\nbotany\n\ncytology \n\nhistology\n\nanatomy \n\nmorphology\n\nphysiology\n\nembryology\n\nbioengineering\n\npaleontology\n\ntaxonomy \n\nbioclimatology \n\nbiometry \n\nbiostatistics, \n\nbioenergetics\n\nbiomathematics\n\nmicrobiology\n\nmicroscopy\n\n\n\nbiology\n\nthe science that deals with living things. It is broadly divided into zoology, the study of animal life, and botany, the study of plant life. Subdivisions of each of these sciences include cytology (the study of cells), histology (the study of tissues), anatomy or morphology, physiology, and embryology (the study of the embryonic development of an individual animal or plant). Also included in biological studies are the sciences of genetics, evolution, paleontology, and taxonomy or systematics, the study of classification. The methods and attitudes of other sciences are brought to the study of biology in such fields as biochemistry (physiological chemistry), biophysics (the physics of life processes), bioclimatology and biogeography (ecology), bioengineering (the design of artificial organs), biometry or biostatistics, bioenergetics, and biomathematics. Evidences of early human observations of nature are seen in prehistoric cave art. Biological concepts began to develop among the early Greeks. The biological works of Aristotle include his observations and classification of his large collections of animals. The invention of the microscope in the 16th cent. gave a great stimulus to biology, broadening and deepening its scope and creating the sciences of microbiology, the study of microscopic forms of life, and microscopy, the microscopic study of living cells. Among the many who contributed to the science are Claude Bernard, Cuvier, Darwin, T. H. Huxley, Lamarck, Linnaeus, Mendel, and Pasteur. See marine biology.\n\nSee T. Lenoir, The Strategy of Life (1989); C. A. Villee et al., Biology (3d ed. 1989); N. A. Campbell, Biology (3d ed. 1993).
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post excavation analysis is nowadays a fundamental and critical aspect of the interpretation of many archaeological sites. using typological comparison to identify and track cultural changes in artefact distribution gives us an underatanding of trade, commerce, exchange and group status. Artefacts aside, environmental post ex analysis is crucial if one wishes to understand the ecological and thus economic potential of a past society. Data gained from pollen analysis has painted a clear and vivid picture of the spread of natural and cultivated vegetation in Britain since the end of the ice age and is being further developed. dendrochronology is used as a calibration for absolute dating methodologies such as C14 (radiocarbon dating).\nthe study of semi-fossil fauna such as beetles and spiders as well as internal parasites and crop pests gives us information on farming practices such as storage as well as information on the health and well being of past people. \nPost excavation analysis is critical and should not be underestimated for its interpretive value- on the downside it's very expensive and eats up archaeology budgets rapidly if not planned for from the outset. I could go on but there are lots of good books out there- just do an amazon search or try the Council for British Archaeology (CBA) website.\nYours, geoff- a lowly archaeology student.