How would siblings having birth make the child genetically mutated?
401288
Because it reinforces non-dominant genes, if there was a rare genetic disorder in the family, the child would have a much greater chance of getting it than someone with just one parent with a family history\n\nThat's what happened with the Royals and hemophilia\n\nCould we get away from the word "retarded", I find it derogatory\n\nExample: \nJ=Dominant gene, not blind\nj= blind\nPauline: Jj \nRalph=JJ\nPauline and Ralph have 3 Kids\nTim=Jj\nLizzy=Jj\nMitch=JJ\nEveryone with at least one J can see\nIf Tim and Lizzy Reproduce, there is a possibility the child would be jj (blind), now consider all the genetics and all the diseases you could have floating around in one allelle in your family... better to marry outside the family
128399
Most likely the children will look alike, however they will not be identical.  Genes mutate, some are passed on and some are repressed.  Genetics will prevent them from being identical, however they will be very close because even the back history of their genes is alike (grandma and grandpa for example).
668099
It depends on whose genes are stronger. But usually, their kids would look like a mixture of both parents.
152438
#1)  Primarily by mutation.  A mutation must occur a germ cell (cells that produce sperm and eggs).  This can produce progeny with novel traits.  This is fairly rare event (one out of every billion nucleotides copied during meiosis).  Our body has ways of fixing these errors, but this is the biological basis of evolution.\n#2)  By crossing over.  During meiosis, parental chromosomes will swap pieces with each other.  For example, I used pieces of my mother's chromosome #1 and my father's chromosome #1 when I made the chromosome #1 that I passed to my daughter.  I passed a different combination of pieces to construct a chromosome #1 for my second daughter.\n#3)  By independent assortment during meiosis.  So not only did I make novel chromosomes out of pieces of my parents chromosomes, but I created a gamete using a unique combination of my mother and father's chromosomes.  For example I might have used chromosomes 1-11 of my father's (with pieces of my mother's chromosomes 1-11) and numbers 12-22 of my mother's (with pieces of my father's chromosomes 12-22).  For my second daughter it could have been totally different.  It is a unique situation each time!  No two gametes are the same.
1185407
Here's the honest answer - We probably don't know exactly why, but even though each child will inherit 50% of its DNA from each parent, it's possible for them to inherit somewhat different amounts of DNA from each grandparent, thanks to the "Law of Independent Assortment".  Even more unlikely, you might have two fraternal siblings inheriting roughly similar DNA from each parent.  Statistically, that's a real longshot because crossing over tends to balance out the Law od Independent Assortment. Probably, they only look like twins, possessing simliar dominant chracteristics.  If you tested them for DNA matching, they'd probably test the same as any other pair of non-identical siblings 1/4.
422445
During a person's lifetime small adaptations are made to their body and therefor their genes (egg. your body learns to fight off a disease) This genetic code gets passed on to their offspring so that they have a better chance of fighting off the disease. \n\nThings like eye and hair color are also passed on through the same genetic code. Bad things can also get passed through this genetic code like bad mutations and diseases. Genes are why evolution takes place because eventually all these small changes leads to different species. Read more on evolution at wikipedia they will probaly explain it easier than I have : )
715110
1.  It's the "selfish gene" factor.  The purpose behind reproduction is to increase the allele frequency of your particular alleles, in the population.  Your siblings would share a good portion of your particular alleles, and thus it's more "evolutionarily sound" for you to avoid killing them.\n\n2.  Cannibalism will happen as a result of environmental signaling factors, of which lack of other foods and crowding are the most common.
225669
When thereis a mutation in the body cell. I COULD be past on. it's not a 100% chance. but it's possible. \ncan you give me the 10 points since i'm the only one who answered it .
790017
It may be possible some time to change the genetic make-up of someone. However, i think it would be easier to do this for eye colour. In its simplest for, Blue or Brown eyes are determined by which alleles are transfered from parents to child. There are two types of alleles: dominant and recessive. Dominant always trumps recessive. Brown eyes are dominant. So if one parent gives one Brown allele, the child will definantly have brwon eyes. For someone to have blue eyes, the Blue allele would have to be given by both parents.\nIt may in the future be possible to select alleles from parents. In this case, it may be possibel to determine eye coulour.\nHowever, it is more complicated to change hair colour. But with modern scinece, complicated doesn't mean anything, so i think in future, one will be able to select their child's hair and eye colour.
66702
I believe identical twins and fraternal twins are both hereditary. It is quite common what your cousin has experienced.
1097344
probably some genetic mutation caused a previous virus to mutate into that
1021072
it can happen -- can affect the development of the baby. well, your friend was lucky with this one. usually when a child is conceived incestuously, they are a little on the "slow" side when it comes to brain development. i've heard a lecture about this before, kinda forgot about it though. i think it's because if the mother and father shared the exact same DNA pattern -- it's TOO compatible -- and it has a negative effect. a little variety does not hurt -- that's why we always find mates outside the family. \n\nabout passing the genetics with his children -- ofcourse im guessing that the wife is not his biological sister, is she? if not, then i would think there is about a 75% chance that they would be conceived normally. and also, if there were not genetic problem found in him, then more likely it would not be passed on to his children. (hopefully) it's still possible though, but very little chance
363834
John is actually incorrect... our characteristics are not governed solely on out genes, there are many factors that are involved.\n\nSome characteristics such as hair colour and eye colour are govered by our genes, but we can actually appear differently depending on how we developed in the foetal stage of development, as well as injuries we may sustain, what we eat, how we live, and psycological responses that lead to hormonal responses (or vice versa). All of these can change markedly our characteristics.\n\nSome simple examples include 'wide feet', spinal malformation (eg. muscular scoliosis), asthma, and many more. Note that these may be influenced by genetics, but having the gene does not mean you get the characteristic.\n\nConsider that two identical twins can actually be told apart becasue one is often slightly taller, or slightly fatter or has different characteristics, however their genes are the same.\n\nConsidering that the environment in the womb during pregnancy can change a human's characteristics quite markedly as it can also change hormonal development, then we must realise that if you were to be cloned then your clone may look very different from you... although you will most likely look similar enough to look like siblings.
463288
In adoption studies, psychologists studied how much children's IQ was related to their parents. For example, was the biological child's IQ closer to their parent than the adopted child to their new parent? They found that biological children have a closer IQ to their biological parents than do adopted children to their new parent. So that means that nature must have played more of an important role than nurture. However, when the adopted child came from an impoverished environment and was put in a better home with better parents, their IQ increased dramatically, which means that nurture still plays a great role in influencing a child's IQ.\n\nThe types of twins are fraternal or identical.\n\nThe nature vs. Nurture debate is about whether you become the person you are because of (nature) biological factors (meaning you are born with a certain IQ and certain characteristics that you inherited from your parents and cannot change) or because of (nurture) environmental factors such as how your parents raised you, if you were in an abusive or good home, etc.
1132150
Of course there are. All muatation actually is, is a mistake in duplicating DNA when the cell divides. Instead of the original code, you get a slightly altered one. Happens all the time in single cell organizmes, like bacteria. If the altered code provides some evolutionary advantge it is likely to be preserved or even spred through natural selection, to eventually replace the original.\nMutation happens in multicelular organizms as well, but the effect is not always so noticable. Given enough time for evolution to do it's magic, you could have whole different spicies that originated from mutated variaties of pre-existing ones, that may or may not have become exinct in the meantime. That said, the likleyhood of a mutation having a positive effect is small. It is more likely to cause harm then good and is known to the orighin of all manner of nasty diseases.\nOf course, genes can only do so much. You could say that something like telepathy may be possible, after all, we are far from utilizing our whole brain, and mutated genes could possibly do that. They can only give us such attributes as are possible according to the laws of physics, so not so much with the shooting laser bolts from your eyes and stuff like that.
143311
Mutation not nutation\nIn biology, mutations are changes to the genetic material (usually DNA or RNA). Mutations can be caused by copying errors in the genetic material during cell division and by exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses, or can occur deliberately under cellular control during the processes such as meiosis or hypermutation. In multicellular organisms, mutations can be subdivided into germline mutations, which can be passed on to progeny and somatic mutations, which cannot be transmitted to progeny. Mutations, when accidental, often lead to the malfunction or death of a cell and can cause cancer. Mutations are considered the driving force of evolution, where less favorable (or deleterious) mutations are removed from the gene pool by natural selection, while more favorable (beneficial or advantageous) ones tend to accumulate. Neutral mutations are defined as mutations whose effects do not influence the fitness of either the species or the individuals who make up the species. These can accumulate over time. Contrary to tales of science fiction, the overwhelming majority of mutations have no significant effect, since DNA repair is able to revert most changes before they become permanent mutations, and many organisms have mechanisms for eliminating otherwise permanently mutated somatic cells.\n\nBy effect on structure\nThe DNA sequence of a gene can be altered in a number of ways. Gene mutations have varying effects on health, depending on where they occur and whether they alter the function of essential proteins. Structurally, mutations can be classified as:\n\nSmall-scale mutations affecting one or a few nucleotides, including: \nPoint mutations, often caused by chemicals or malfunction of DNA replication, exchange a single nucleotide for another. Most common is the transition that exchanges a purine for a purine (A ↔ G) or a pyrimidine for a pyrimidine, (C ↔ T). A transition can be caused by nitrous acid, base mispairing, or mutagenic base analogs such as 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Less common is a transversion, which exchanges a purine for a pyrimidine or a pyrimidine for a purine (C/T ↔ A/G). A point mutation can be reversed by another point mutation, in which the nucleotide is changed back to its original state (true reversion) or by second-site reversion (a complementary mutation elsewhere that results in regained gene functionality). These changes are classified as transitions or transversions. An example of a transversion is adenine being converted into a cytosine. There are also many other examples that can be found. Point mutations that occur within the protein coding region of a gene may be classified into three kinds, depending upon what the erroneous codon codes for: \nsilent mutations: codes for the same amino acid \nmissense mutations: codes for a different amino acid \nnonsense mutations: codes for a stop, which can truncate the protein \nInsertions add one or more extra nucleotides into the DNA. They are usually caused by transposable elements, or errors during replication of repeating elements (e.g. AT repeats). Insertions in the coding region a gene may alter splicing of the mRNA, or cause a shift in the reading frame (frameshift), both of which can significantly alter the gene product. Insertions can be reverted by excision of the transposable element. \nDeletions remove one or more nucleotides from the DNA. Like insertions, these mutations can alter the reading frame of the gene. They are irreversible. \nLarge-scale mutations in chromosomal structure, including: \nAmplifications (or gene duplications) leading to multiple copies of chromosomal regions, increasing the dosage of the genes located within them. \nDeletions of large chromosomal regions, leading to loss of the genes within those regions. \nMutations whose effect is to juxtapose previously separate pieces of DNA, potentially bringing together separate genes to form functionally distinct fusion genes (e.g. bcr-abl). These
120355
You can, but it depends on knowing what the original genetic makeup of the population was to begin with. Remember mutation produces genetic novelties, recombination can only shuffle the deck.\n\nDetermining the original genetic composition of the population can vary form very easy to impossible.\n\n\n________________\n\nAddenda\n\nmars_central wrote\n>>>>Mutations would usually only effect one member of the population first until >>>>the mutated gene is passed on. Something that is a feature of genetic >>>>combination would be more prevalant.\n\nThere is simply no truth in that at all. It is perfectly normal for recessive genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis or haemophilia to be unexpressed within populations for millennia and then effect just one individual for one generation. We only know these genes aren’t the result of mutation because we can genetically test for them.\n\n>>>>>For example, their is no gene for red hair…\n\n\nReally? Maybe you shed let the geneticists who study hair colour know that. They seem to think that….\n\n"Studies on Irish and Dutch populations have significantly linked variations in the MC1R gene to red-hair.  Also, so called 'loss-of-function' mutations in the human MC1R gene are known to be common and have recently been shown to be associated with red-hair."