What is the difference between out-of-phase and in-phase waves? They differ from destructive and constructive?
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When two wave trains have an equal phase shift we say they are in phase. For example if two sine waves are travelling such that at any given time they have the same phase we say they are in phase. When they are not they are out of phase.\nConstructive and destructive takes place when these two phases interfere with each other. If they have the same phase their amplitudes add while for opposite phases they cancel.
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Interference -- constructive or destructive.
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To make them interfere destructively, they will have to be half a wavelength out of sync.\n\n\nSpeed = 340 m/s\nThat means in one second, the soundwave travels 340 meters.\n\nFrequency = 1960 Hz\nThat means in one second, 1960 cycles are produced.\n\n\nCombine those two facts, and you can calculate the wavelength.\n\nIn one second, there will be 1960 cycles in 340 meters. So wavelength = 340 meters / 1960 cycles.\n\nWavelength = 0.1734m\n\nHalf of wavelength = 0.0867m
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Are you trying to perform a destructive or a non-destructive test. The formulas for both are different, and it would be difficult to advise without knowing...
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a push wave in which the particles move in the same direction to that of the wave as opposed to transverse wave in which they move vertical to the wave direction
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Transverse electromagnetic waves (light,microwaves etc), the cosinewave shape is the same as calling something sinusoidal.\n\nSoundwave amplitudes can be sinusoidal.\n\nThe swing of a pendulum, simple harmonic motion.\n\nsinusoidal functions are solutions to many differential equations we find in nature.\n\nwaves on strings!
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There is no difference.  Everyone sees the moon in the same phase.\n\nThe phase of the moon is caused by the shadow of the earth on the moon (or lack thereof), and everyone sees it the same way.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wave
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You may be talkig about a square, sine, and sawtooth (triangle) waveforms. They look like their names imply on an oscilloscope. They have no special significance other than they are descriptive of the type of AC wave they describe. It is like asking what are the different colors and what are their significance?
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Here is a very good article that explains the differences:\n\nhttp://experts.about.com/q/Rave-House-Techno-2974/Techno-Trance-Dance.htm
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"S-waves" are shear waves, wheras "P-waves" are sort of push-waves (essentially).  So because fluids are umm... fluids, you can't shear them.  Shearing is when you deform something by applying unequal stresses from three dimensions.  With a fluid, such a stress would make no difference, because fluids cannot be deformed, they meerly move.  This is why an S-wave that hits a fluid will only be propigated as a P-wave!  Weee!
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I admire mathematician's concise answers, but in this case some additional explanation may be due:\n\nWhen a wave is partially transmitted and partially reflected the two outgoing waves are shifted in phase from the incident wave. If energy or probability is to be conserved, the difference between the two phase shifts is pi/2 (90°). In this diagram each of the two possible outgoing  beams consist of components from two paths (R=Reflection,T=Transmission):\n\nOutgoing Horizontal: TRR + RRT\nOutgoing Vertical: TRT + RRR\n\nIn the first case the relative phase shift between the two components is 0 and in the second case it's pi (180°) ==> the two components are negatives of each other and interfere destructively.
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Phase matching is also a strongly variant function of temperature, more so than phase matching angle.  You have to specify at what temperture the gain medium is held constant in order to specify the optimum phase matching angle.  Phase matching is also a function of the signal wavelength, which you have generalized verily from 3-12 microns.  The angle is gonna change so much over that wavelength range that you can't specify a single best phase matching angle.\n\nWhat do you have, an OPO?  What's this application?
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Three phase or two phase?
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This wave behaviour is called reflection.\n\n- Constructive interference is when 2+ waves interact and create a wave that is stronger than any of the original interacting waves.\n\n- Diffraction is the tendency for waves to bend around corners.\n\n- Refraction is the bending of waves through a medium (say, water)\n\n- Reflection is the return of a wave in the original direction after bouncing off something (say, light bouncing off a mirror)
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a spectrum analyser shows the sinusoidal components that make up a waveform.  an oscilliscope creates a representation of the waveform itself showing amplitude variation over time.\n\nEssentially the difference is one shows the whole waveform and the other breaks it up into parts or components
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Shear Wave: A wave in which the disturbance is an elastic deformation perpendicular to the direction of motion of the wave. (Shear waves are also called 'transverse waves.')\n\nShear-wave splitting due to the alignment of vertical cracks in the crust has been widely observed in a variety of tectonic settings and data gathering experiments, from earthquake recordings to controlled-source seismic data. It has also been recognized that the polarization of the fast split shear wave is usually parallel to the local strike of cracks (or direction of the maximum horizontal stress), and that the time delay between fast and slow shear waves is closely related to the intensity of crack-induced anisotropy in the medium.\n\nif you wanna see an image of ahear wave aplit then click on the link below.\nhttp://www.missouri.edu/~sandvole/split.html