Economic, chemical and engineering uses of Palladium and Platinum?
395842
The main industrial use for both these metals is in catalytic converters.  They are almost always one expensive, one not so much.  This is because the automotive industry will take one and use it for a while, until the price difference becomes great enough for them to change back to the other metal.  Currently, they're using Platinum, which is why it is more expenisve.  Prior to this, they were using Palladium.\n\nAs of today (April 14th), Palladium is $344.10/oz; and Platinum is 1071.00/oz\n\nFor a brief overview of the market (and Pd spot prices), check out the link below to the mine I worked at two summers ago.
433496
Mainly when the automotive ind. decides to earn less money and throw away part of the technology they've been using for about 90 years. But regarding alcohol it is already used in some countries like Brazil, but there is no big difference... we should go for hydrogen or solar... well actually water looks nice but I don't think it'll work.
988889
understanding the reaction meachanism \neffect of catalysts etc....\ndetermining the amounts needed
457371
Fuels cells will allow us to creat energy without using fossil fuels and the waste it creates while processing these fuels. By combining oxygen and hydrogen effecitively, energy is created, with virtually no waste. Unlike fossil fuels, there is no limit to the the oxygen and hydrogen that surrounds us. The end result will be cleaner fuel without shortage of supplies and the cost of this will be more affordable to all. Fuel cells are currently being used and tested in space travel by NASA engineers. Fuel cells are the future! A bright one at that!
970781
Potential of Hydrogen.
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The earliest method involved dissolving crude platinum ore in aqua regia, neutralizing the acid with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Then, precipitation of the platinum metal was done by adding ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, as ammonium chloroplatinate. The element palladium was removed as palladium cyanide after treating the solution with mercuric cyanide. The material that remained was a red rhodium(III) chloride: rhodium metal was isolated via reduction with hydrogen gas.\n\nThe industrial extraction of rhodium is complex as the metal occurs in ores mixed with other metals such as palladium, silver, platinum, and gold. It is found in platinum ores and obtained free as a white inert metal which it is very difficult to fuse.\n\nIt is also possible to extract Rhodium from spent nuclear fuel, which contains an average of 400 g per metric ton of Rhodium. Rhodium produced in such a way contains radioactive isotopes with half-lives of up to 2.9 years and is therefore stored at least 20 years in a secured area to allow it to become stable.
299076
A person with a B.S. in Chem Eng working in industry often uses chemical principles (such as understanding why and how reactions between certain chemicals occur) to design processes that make some product.  The product might be a polymer (plastic), a medicine, part of a computer chip or a solar cell or fuel cell, a pesticide, a metal alloy, etc.  A huge variety of manufacturing areas need chemical engineers.  A B.S. chemical engineer can get one of the highest starting salaries of any field.
390838
To know whether it is a metal you can check its electrical conductivity. To know whether it is specifically palladium you can use mass spectrometer or a x-ray diffraction measurement.
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most of the transition metals are used as catalyst\neg V,Fe,Ni,Pt,Pdetc\nthis is bcoz they have larger surface area and show variable oxidation state
687556
Nanotechnology sure does have an interesting plethora of uses ranging from its use in manufacture of smaller and faster transistors for use in computers, to use as inudstrial catalysts and to use as drug targetting agents in medicine.\nHowever as you say, there is also the danger of the unknown, of proper disposal methods as well as conservation of resources.As of now though, most countries are doing a great deal of research into the field.
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Just how much Hydrogen do you want to produce?\nI could tell you several ways to make small amounts for next to no cost, but if you want to step up production, it will involve increase the price too.\n\nElectrolysis of water is probably the cheapest method, especially when the energy your using is cheap/free too.  The cheaper the energy, the cheaper the over all price.  The energy from a battery is much more expensive than the energy "out of the wall" which is much more expensive than energy from the sun (free).\n\nYou could also produce Hydrogen by reacting a more active metal in an acid.  Metals like Iron, Zinc, Magnesium, (you could use the Alkili metals, but I woulnt advise it), ...\nCopper (in a penny) wouldnt work since it is less active than Hydrogen, but the zinc inside the penny would. [we ignore the cost of the penny you have to destroy]
1135906
William Hyde Wollaston discovered palladium in 1803-4 in crude platinum ore from South America.
198154
Over 2/3 of all molybdenum is used in alloys. Molybdenum use soared during World War I, when demand for tungsten (Wolfram) made tungsten scarce and high-strength steels were at a premium. Molybdenum is used to this day in high-strength alloys and in high-temperature steels. Special molybdenum-containing alloys, such as the Hastelloys, are notably heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant. Molybdenum is used in oil pipelines, aircraft and missile parts, and in filaments. Molybdenum finds use as a catalyst in the petroleum industry, especially in catalysts for removing organic sulfurs from petroleum products. Mo-99 is used in the nuclear isotope industry. Molybdenum oranges are pigments ranging from red-yellow to a bright red orange and used in paints, inks, plastics, and rubber compounds. Molybdenum disulfide is a good lubricant, especially at high temperatures. Molybdenum is also used in some electronic applications, as the conductive metal layers in thin-film transistors (TFTs).
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http://www.kitco.com/charts/livegoldnewyork.html\n\n Gold \n Silver \n Platinum \n Palladium \n Rhodium \n\n can be found here
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Are you asking "Where do platinum wires come from?" or "In the future, where will we get the platinum to make platinum wires?"
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GOLD-PLATINUM-PALLADIUM TEST\nBy Delos Toole\n\nSelect ore samples suspected to contain Gold-Platinum-Palladium and use concentrates equal to the size of one navy bean or pea. Place the concentrates in a clean test tube and add 1cc Nitric Acid and 3cc Hydrochloric Acid, (this a solution named Aqua Regia which is used regularly when testing.) Boil this over a lamp flame for about 5 to 8 minutes. Should this Aqua Regia solution contain Gold-Platinum-Palladium then the following tests will react with various colors, (good idea to practice on known samples of Gold-Platinum-Palladium for color and reaction identification and become familiar to them.)\n\nTest for Gold (Au).\n\nPrepare a solution for Stannous Chloride for each 8 hour period as this solution does not hold up under extended time periods. Dissolving Metallic Tin (Sn) in Hydrochloric Acid (HC1), where the resulted solution will be called Stannous Chloride (SnC1). Place about 2cc of HC1 in a clean test tube and add 1 or 2 small bit pieces of Metallic Tin to the test tube and bring this to a slight boil. You now have Stannous Chloride (SnC1).\n\nNow begin the gold test by making a spot test with freshly made Stannous Chloride by placing a piece of filter paper onto a clean piece of glass and place one drop of Aqua Regia solution in the center of the filter paper, and then add to this mixture one drop of freshly made Stannous Chloride solution. If gold is present there will show up on the filter paper a purple or rose colored spot when the filter paper has dried; the darker the color the more gold will be present; for low grade ore the spot color will appear plainer. Should the filter paper dry out completely, then add 1 more drop of Stannous Chloride solution to the filter paper to bring out the color.\n\nBegin the test for Platinum (Pt) by placing 20 drops of Aqua Regia solution onto a clean porcelain evaporating dish and boil this over a lamp flame until it is dry, then allow this to remain over the lamp flame for about an extended one second.\n\nPlace the dish where it can cool for a few minutes so as not to break the dish. After cooling, place 4cc of distilled water, (or water free from Chlorine), and reheat just to the boiling point. Filter this solution onto another clean porcelain evaporating dish. Add to this dish, Potassium Iodide equal to one grain of rice. Warm this solution slightly over the lamp flame and observe the color that appears. The results for this test will show if Platinum (Pt) is present as the solution will begin to turn to a light or dark rose color within a few minutes time.\n\nThe more Platinum present in the solution, (ore sample), the quicker and darker the color will appear.\n\nSulphides and other impurities, most likely will give a red color to the solution and will be mistaken for the rose color, if so, then boil off about one-half of the solution to quicken the evaporation process. Then let the porcelain dish set until completely dry, then add a few drops of clean plain water, (no chlorine water). The result will then be a bright rose color, and should there be Sulphides or other impurities in the solution they will appear as colorless. If this solution should appear red, then add a few cc’s of plain water to dilute the dark rose color to a lighter rose color, then you have Platinum (Pt).\n\nTesting for Palladium(Pd).\n\nIn the test for Platinum (Pt), upon adding Potassium Iodide (KI) and warming the procedure, if Palladium (Pd) is present in the sample ore, the solution will turn a dark color or black, which depends upon the amount of Palladium (Pd) present. The more Palladium (Pd) present, the darker the color will be, and also there will be a black precipitate in the bottom of the porcelain dish, which when adding an excess of Potassium Iodide (KI) will dissolve giving a wine-red color appearance.
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Fuel cells are like a battery that never dies.\nYou just keep adding fuel.\nAnd you dont keep throw away dead battery with toxic metals.\n\nBut the cost is not practical for now, but i think it is the future when all the Engineering issues are worked out.