the primary target tissue for prolatin?
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I think you mean for PROLACTIN\nthe target is the breast lobules
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1 ribosomes\n2 stimuli\n3 enzyme\n4 cytoplasm
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Well the endoplasmic reticulum is full of ribosomes, which create protiens.  How that relates to a cookie factory, I guess it would be the oven where the cookies are made.
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pro active or pro actine or something like that.......... my daughter tried it... it was on T V  and now she gets it for all her friends
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1. Nucleus\n2. Food Vacuole\n3. Contractile Vacuole\n4. Cytoplasm\n5. Psedopod\n6. Cell membrane
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Introduction. This is a brief outline of the steps necessary to produce mice with a mutation targeted to a specific gene. These animals are referred to as "knock-out" mice or "gene targeted" mice. The broad outline of the experiment includes: 1) the investigator constructs a gene targeting vector containing a mutation in the target gene; 2) the targeting vector is introduced into ES cells; 3) ES cell clones which undergo homologous recombination with the targeting vector are identified; 4) ES cell-mouse chimeras are produced; 5) the chimeras breed and transmit the chromosome with the targeted gene to their offspring; 6) homozygous animals are produced from the mating of hemizygous chimera offspring; and 7) the phenotype resulting from the genetic mutation is characterized. Core personnel are available for consultation on all aspects of gene targeting research. Contact Thom Saunders with any questions or Meet the Staff.  The Transgenic Core prioritizes all requests for service on a "first-come, first-serve" basis. Your requests for electroporation, clone expansion, and blastocyst microinjection will be added to the Transgenic Core work queue in the order that they are received. \n2. Plan the experiment. What is the purpose of your experiment? Do you want to completely ablate gene expression in all tissues? Do you want to analyze tissue specific regulatory sequences? Do you want to produce a model for tissue-specific gene deletions? You will need to obtain or clone the structural gene that you want to mutate. The source of the DNA is important since published studies demonstrate genomic DNA isogenic to the embryonic stem cell line give higher gene targeting efficiencies in ES cells (see Key Gene Targeting Papers). While complete sequence information is not necessary, a detailed restriction map of the gene is an irreplaceable tool. During the planning stages the material transfer agreements for R1 ES cells and other reagents should be initiated so that they are ready in time. Once a genomic clone of the gene is in hand and restriction mapped, then it is time to... \n\n3. Clone and the Verify the Targeting Vector. The Core has cloning vectors for investigators to use in gene targeting research. They include pPNT, a basic targeting vector, pNZTK2, designed to insert the lacZ gene behind the promoter of the targeted gene, and pflox, which is designed to introduce loxP sites into the gene. A complete materials transfer agreement is required before they can be distributed. You will need to determine which 5' and 3' fragments of the gene will be used to construct the targeting vector. Generally speaking, a couple of Kb on either end should give a reasonable gene targeting frequency. You will also need to consider the methods and probes that you will use to identify ES cell clones that have undergone homologous recombination with the targeting vector. This means a Southern blot approach with probes outside of the targeting vector or a PCR based assay with primers outside of the targeting vector. Once the orientation of the fragments in the targeting vector are confirmed and the probes are tested then it is time to... \n\n4. Electroporate ES Cells and Select Recombinants. ES cells are a very sensitive reagent, and most often the weakest link in the process of producing gene targeted mice. Fastidious tissue culture technique is necessary to maintain the totipotent state of the cells during electroporation, selection, and expansion. In order to maximize successful outcomes, the Transgenic Core maintains ES cells and companion reagents that are quality tested by producing ES cell-mouse chimeras that transmit the ES cell genome to offspring. Investigators may choose to use the Core's Gene Targeting Service (we do all of the tissue culture work, you do all of the molecular biology), or to use space in the Core lab (rent space in our completely equipped laboratory for ES cell culture work), or to do th
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i did this, i used a ball of styrofome( er however you spell that) for the whole cell, and a smaller ball for the nucleus. then i just found a buncha little things for everything else. i used toothpicks with little tags on the end to label the parts
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in the cytoplasm of the cells
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That depends whether you're doing a Southern, Northern, or Western blot, and with what.\n\nThese are ways of exposing a probe to a target to see if two things interact with each other. A Southern looks for DNA interactions, a Northern uses RNA, and a Western uses protein. The blot contains the immobilized target attached to the nitrocellulose membrane and the probe attached to the target, plus whatever is used to visualize the interaction, which could be something that generates a color reaction, a fluorescent label, or a radioactive label.
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Parrafin is the most common; Cheap, easy to handle and non-toxic. Used on routine tissue where high resolution isn't required. H&E routine staining readily viable on paeeafin embeddied tissue. Plastic is used for non-routine tissue where high resolution is required. Also for specific histochemical staining techniques. Never used gelatin, sorry.
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You need to specify what kind of stains you are using. If you are using a Mito-Tracker stain, you would see the mitochondria. If you are staining them with FITC-Phalloidin, you can see the actin filaments. If you use DAPI, you will stain the nucleus. \n\nSo it depends on your stain.
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a) do your own homework - its not that difficult to find it out yourself.\n\nThe endoplastic reticulum streches throughout the cell creating a cytoskeleton and providing transport for things that need moving around the cell.  Ribosomes are one of the things that that will transport around - endoplastic reticulum with ribosomes attached is known as rough endoplastic reticulum.  So the answer should be obvious now.
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Uh, that would be skin tissue.  Unless you mean Epithelium which is the outside of the skin.
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ok how basic you want it to be\n\nthe first part is definitely the fertilization (you know what it is but here is some detail) sperms are tiny cells they contain condensed DNA and as organelles they only have mitochondria and acrosome. acrosome is a tiny vesicle surrounded by actin filaments and its job is to degrade the zone pellucida in non mammals and the vitelline envelope in mammals. as the sperm contacts with the egg (there is a potential chemical attraction but nobody's sure what does this attraction)the sperm relases those digestive enzymes and works its way down to the cell membrane where it contacts some its receptors which are thought to be species specific and inserts its DNA. along with this insettion a whole lot of calcium ion fluctuations occur in the cell mainly with the work of PKA and the sacroplasmic reticulum. Both nuclei meet in the middle of the cell and fuse and we get to the second part. \n\nthe second part is definitely the most important time of your life called the blastula. I will use 3 organisms sea urchin, from (xenopus to be more precise) and mice. \n\nin sea urchin the process is simple after fertilization a whole fury of cell division starts. by the time there are 129 cells or so instead of having a mass of cell we have hollow ball of cells with whole lot of signaling molecules secreted inside. then this ball form a cavity with the movement called invagination (hence the name tells everything) and closes that gap. now we have 2 balls infued with one another and that is the blastula stage. \n\nin mice the process is quite similar to sea urchins with couple of differences such as the speed of division is way slower and mammals show rotational division (search for this i cannot expain with words you need images)\n\nin xenopus the stage of blastula is quite different in the sense that the egg yolk in bird and frogs and some fish are really dense so the division cannot be completed right away. imagine a sphere and the top part of this sphere is not as dense as the bottom part as divisions start after fertlization it goes pretty well at the top but slows significantly at the bottom. The top part is called the animal pole and the bottom part is called the vegetal pole. usually 8 divisions start one after another without waiting them to finish dividing so you have unequal # of cells alot more at the top and way little at the bottom. blastule formation occur very similarly as in sea urchin but instead of having 2 hollow balls you get one cavity in a shpere\n\n\nnext process is called gastrulation and i will explain it later then we can move into cell specification and differentiation of ectoderm mesoderm and endoderm after that i will talk about limb development and some basic principles of gene activation \n\nthe rest of development is when hell breaks loose and is different for all taxa
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Prolactin has many effects, the most important of which is to stimulate the mammary glands to produce milk (lactation).\n\nIncreased serum concentrations of prolactin during pregnancy cause enlargement of the mammary glands of the breasts and increases the production of milk. However, the high levels of progesterone during pregnancy act directly on the breasts to stop ejection of milk. It is only when the levels of this hormone fall after childbirth that milk ejection is possible.\n\nSometimes, newborn babies (males as well as females) secrete a milky substance from their nipples. This substance is commonly known as Witch's milk. This is caused by the fetus being affected by prolactin circulating in the mother just before birth, and usually stops soon after birth.\n\nAnother effect, recently discovered by the University of Paisley and the Technische Hochschule Zürich, is to provide the body with sexual gratification after sexual acts. The hormone represses the effect of dopamine, which is responsible for sexual arousal, thus causing the male's refractory period. The amount of prolactin can be an indicator for the amount of sexual satisfaction and relaxation. Unusual high amounts are suspected to be responsible for impotence.\n\nOther possible functions of prolactin include the surfactant synthesis of the fetal lungs at the end of the pregnancy and immune tolerance of the fetus by the maternal organism during pregnancy.\nEstrogen is produced primarily by developing follicles in the ovaries, the corpus luteum and the placenta. Some estrogens are also produced in smaller amounts by other tissues such as the liver, adrenal glands and the breasts. These secondary sources of estrogen are especially important in post-menopausal women. Synthesis of oestrogenes starts in theca interna cells in the ovary, by the synthesis of androstenedione from cholesterol. Androstenedione is a substance of moderate androgenic activity. This compound crosses the basal membrane into the surrounding granulosa cells, where it is converted to estrone or estradiol, either immediately or through testosterone. There is evidence that a testosterone supplement can support female sexual desire (Braunstein et al, 2005). Many studies of the role of sex steroid hormones on sexual desire have been done in naturally post-menopausal women or women who have had their ovaries surgically removed. Such studies have found better correlation between sexual desire and androgen levels than for estrogen levels (Warnock et al, 2005). A clinical study found that women aged 18 to 44 who reported low sexual desire tended to have low levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (Davis et al, 2005). Dehydroepiandrosterone is an abundant sex steroid in women and like other steroids is efficiently sulfated. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a precursor steroid that can be converted to estrogens (estradiol) and androgens such as testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone[1].
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eukaryotic, among others.
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My first thought, is organs.\n\nBut let me look.\n\nNope, I was wrong they form together to form tissue.  The building block of all of us.