reduction of nitrate with zero valent iron and formic acid in drinking water?
409744
first run it thru a birm/ philox bed then a cation bed - how pure of water do you want???  add a RO filter and you wont have much of anything but pure drinking water (1 to 10 T.D.S.)
230666
Chlorination of drinking water eliminated typhoid, cholera, and dysentery that were commonly carried in drinking water when chlorination was introduced in the early 1900's.\n\nHowever, there are some negative effects:\nI quote:\n"... the July [1992] issue of the American Journal of Public Health, researchers found that people who regularly drink tap water containing high levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons have a greater risk of developing bladder and rectal cancers than people who drink unchlorinated water. The study estimates that about 9% of all bladder and 18% of all rectal cancer cases are associated with long-term consumption of these hydrocarbons. This amounts to over 20,000 new cases each year."\nhttp://www.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/water/watinorg.html\n\nEuropean water treatment has largely shifted to ozone and filtration, and they have found it works. Plus the chlorine residuals are about 10 times less than in US water.\n\nAnother negative effect of chlorination is that it can create what are known as trihalomethanes. One example of a trihalomethane is chloroform, which causes an allergic reaction in about 10% of the population. Chloroform, or trichloromethane can cause liver and kidney damage.  Fortunately the concentrations are monitored and are generally quite low. One trihalomethane, known as dibromochloromethane is associated with cancer risk of one per million at 0.6 micrograms per liter. That's about the same as 6 parts per billion. The cancer risk of this is only one per million, but that concentration is barely measureable, and most people ingest large quantities of drinking water daily, so it is not as insignificant as it may seem. \n\nBromine is also sometimes used, either in addition to chlorine, or as a substitute. This is the source of what I believe are the worst hazards, such as dibromochloromethane.\n\nAnother chemical that is added to drinking water is fluorine. Fluorine is added in much smaller concentrations than chlorine, and does substitute for some of the chlorine so it actually will reduce the amount of chlorination. You probably get quite a bit of fluorine in your toothpaste, as there is almost no toothpaste on the market today that does not contain fluoride. There are some potential negative health effects of fluoridation, however, there is lots of evidence that in the concentrations in most drinking water that it is beneficial more than harmful. Fluoridation is added in about 60% of US public drinking water.\nhttp://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/fluoridated-water\n\nIf you are concerned about your drinking water I suggest you use an activated carbon type filter and filter both drinking and cooking water. Not all activated carbon filters are created equal. Here is a source that explains what they will remove and what they won't remove:\nhttp://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/h2oqual/watsys/ae1029w.htm\n\nDrinking bottled water does not mean you have avoided this problem. Bottled water is regulated in the US by the FDA, and must generally comply with the same standards as public drinking water. In many cases it is better because reverse osmosis, or distillation has removed any potential contaminants. One trade-off is that water in plastic bottles will absorb small quantities of phthalates. Studies that showed that phthalates caused cancer in rats were generally  dismissed as not being relevant to humans. They are also known to be broken down in the body within one or two days, so do not pose a risk of bioaccumulation. I quote:\n"The CDC report is, in all, very good news because the trace levels of phthalates found are within EPA safety levels and therefore should not pose a concern for human health."\nhttp://www.phthalates.org/yourhealth/human_exposure.asp
180349
I don't know about that but there at least two other ways to reduce a nitro and not a carbonyl.  One is to hydrogenate over palladium.  The other is tin (II) chloride
41894
Hi, here is the official link to the World Health Organization WHO's standards for water purity. The standards vary on the basis of usage purposes of water e.g. drinking, washing utensils, bathing etc. Follow the search results on the official site for all the details.\nGood Luck\nhttp://search1.who.int/search?ie=utf8&site=who_main&client=who_main&proxystylesheet=who_main&output=xml_no_dtd&oe=utf8&q=water+standards&btnG.x=37&btnG.y=7&btnG=Submit
521349
Nitric acid is a very strong oxidizing agent, so on reaction with metals, it gives salt (nitrate), nitrogen dioxode and oxygen.\n\nE.g: Cu + HNO3 ---> Cu(NO3)2 + NO2 + O2\n\nHNO3 self undergoes reduction to NO2 and metals reacting are oxidized.\n\nMetal with HCl give salt and hydrogen and with dilute sulphric acid give salt and hydrogen too, but if you use concentrated sulphuric acid with some metals, then SO2 can be released, because again with more concentration, sulphuric acid becomes a stronger oxidizing agent and gets reduced to SO2 in a redox reaction.\n\nEDIT: The reaction above for copper occurs with concentrated nitric acid; if dilute nitric acid is used, NO would be released instead of NO2.
476725
Drop Mg or Zn or something like that in HCl.  Or use electrolysis on water, but that's a lot harder.
876773
The first reaction is simply wrong.  Nitrous acid does not ionize to nitrate.\n\nThe second reaction is a precipitation reaction, showing the net ionic equation.  The compound is ionic.\n\nThe third reaction is an example of SN2 displacement, not elimination.  Only single bonds are formed.
108866
the solubility of copper (II) nitrate is 138 g/100 ml of water at 0oC.
821555
H2O2 gradually decomposes to water and oxygen. The process is catalyzed by heat, light, base, and traces of heavy metal ions (such as iron, manganese, etc), but not Tin. \nTin surprisingly, along with many other organic compounds, such as acetanillide are used as stabilizing agent at ppm level.\nIt's estimated when properly stored at 15-25 oC under dark condition in plastic bottle, free from contaminants ACS grade H2O2 degrades at a rate of 1-3 %/year. So it's not that bad.
1099217
u want an EASY solution, yeah. so get a little bit of oxalic acid crystals. i believe it is used for removing stains. make a stock solution of this. put a few drops in a bottle of your tap water. white precipitate will occur so let it sit overnight. then add more of the acid and see if some more precipitate occurs. if not u should have used less, if yes, u should have used more. you can also experiment with several bottles with different ammounts of it. this way you will find the just right amount of the acid to remove the undesirable ionts (it is not good if there is surplus oxalic acid left in the watering water so u just have to try it out). and you can use this way to prepare water for watering - u just let it sit to remove the precipitate. far more efficient than boiling - u can try the oxalic acid for boiled water and u will see that there is still something left in the water. if u dont have that large water consumption to go into this hassle i suggest u rather buy some distilled water that is put in cars for cooling. but when i had some 17 tanks stuffed by carnivorous plants it would ruin my budget. but when i was lazy to do it, i ruined my plants over one years time- so the people who say that it is safe if u drink it probably dont know much about carnivorous plants. .. AND it is not just about the chlorine, as u probably know
512014
yes it is very safe. yeah sure its full of chemicals. for those of you that drink ice mountian bottled water because its 'filtered and it aint tap water' news flash its tap water more speciffialy its swamp water. so bottoms up
697397
NaOH\nSn(NO3)2\nCo2O3\nFeF2\nCuS2\nFe(OH)3\nAgBr
43703
How about the red fountain experiment with acids and litmus solutions? mail me at pr4kane@yahoo.com for furhter details on it. u can try electroplating,bleaching by chlorine/so2,the brown ring test with sulphuric acid etc.
288346
I have never heard dimine water, most probably u meant diamine water. \n\nDiamine water is the solution of ethelyne diamine (NH2- CH2- CH2- NH2)
774882
Basically a DM (demineralizing) plant works to take the mineral content of the liquid down to some level that is acceptable for consumption. This MAY mean all the way down to where there are no minerals left, by the way!\n\nChemical additives (like acids, bases, or even other metals) are blended with the water as it progresses from stage to stage, with the resulting chemical reactions creating non-soluble byproducts and "purer" water.\n\nThe process is repeated in as many stages as necessary to reduce the water to its required purity.\n\nThis is a very simplified version, but it may be enough to suit your needs.
682738
There is a product made by HTH called pH Minus. (I'm sure there are other company's that make it as well), it's fairly inexpensive, around $14.00 for 1/2 gal. Just follow the directions and your water will be back to normal in no time at all. It works quickly! GOOD LUCK!
854318
One needs toluene and concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids, plus "fuming" sulfuric acid (H2SO4 + SO3). As the reaction proceeds, the first nitro groups usually go on either in the position next to the -CH3 (2-, ortho) or diametrically opposite (4-, para). All three mostly end up in the 2-, 4-, and 6-positions. The operator nitrates in three stages, with the temperature raised gradually during the three stages from 35degC to 110degC. However, there is also formation of small amounts of the 2,3,4- and 2,4,5-trinitro compounds. These unsymmetrical isomers make the product dangerously shock-sensitive to handle. The crude product is therefore stirred with 15% aqueous sodium sulfite solution at 100degC. This treatment converts the two impurities to sulfonic acids, which are water soluble and poured away from the oily product in the water.