How can we be sure if Astronauts actually walked on the Moon ?
408969
I think the Apollo budget was used for "black projects"...secret aircraft, secret bases etc.\n\nThe astronauts were in earth orbit the whole time and mission control were looking at pre-programmed readings so they were not even aware of what was going on. That is why it was easy to keep this a secret all of these years. Only a handful of top people new what was going on. The lunar rocks were collected at the poles (meteorites), and lunar video was shot in the Nevada dessert at night where much of the Apollo budget went to their military base.\n\nThe moon has been scanned/photographed with radar, so has mars and we can see those images/grids of the planet's surface. I recall even seeing one of the robotic landers and it's tread marks in the sand from a mars satellite image!\n\nI would think the lunar satellite images would definitely be taken and shown to all of us of the Apollo landing site since it's such a big historical achievement?\nWhere are those images?
302436
Actually I believe they did... evidence exists and all the proof people give to say otherwise can easily be explained... space missions still go one today and people do still land on the moon. It's not impossible! We should be glad that people are making the effort to study the things around us - though perhaps my only qualm is that the money spent could be better used for something else... like helping the poor
777741
No - (let me guess all you people who think we did will give me a thumbs down !!!!)\n\n- My old pocket calculator has more power than the computers used 'to get to the moon'\n- photographic evidence\n- the camrea evidence\n- if they got there, why did they then just 'stop'\nand not sent many other missions there / set up a research station etc\n\nI do, however, think that they DID get there years later - after all what would happen if a space craft passed over and there was no moom buggy, footprints & flag.\n\nIQ ? HAH !!!! IQ does not measure important things like common sense, creative thinking, social skills etc etc\n(and YES I do know mine - its above average I just choose to dismiss it)
73581
Zero is the absolute wrong answer to your question.\n \nThere have been 12 Americans to walk on the Moon. The last person to step on the Moon was Harrison "Jack" Schmitt in December of 1972 aboard Apollo 17. He was the only scientist to ever go there. His Commander for the flight was Gene Cernan. Gene Cernan was actually the last person to be on the Moon because Jack Schmitt climbed back up into the Lunar Module first leaving Gene Cernan still on the surface. Mr. Cernan wrote a book called "The Last Man on the Moon" that I highly recommend reading. Another book called simply "A Man on the Moon" by Andrew Chaikin is probably the best one you can find on reading about all the people that made the trip. It's over 800 pages long (YIKES) and was then broken up into three separte picture books that shows you the actual pictures on the Moon as the author describes it. It's kind of like being there yourself!!!\n There are literally hundreds of thousands of photos from the six lunar landing missions that you can see at a number of NASA websites. \nDon't ever let anyone tell you that the Moon Landings were a hoax. For every "proof" that these people come up with to "prove" the hoax theory, there is a relatively easy explanation to shoot them down. Besides, there are 958[?] pounds of Lunar Rock that they brought back that thousands of scientists have examined and not one of them have ever said that any of these rocks and "soil" could have ever come from the Earth. The reason being that they have never been exposed to water on the inside or out which is quite impossible for Earth rocks. Plus several of them are older than any Earth rock that anyone has ever found!\nThree of these men are no longer with us, so there are only nine people alive that have walked on the Moon. He are there names, from the first to the last person on the Moon: Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin-Apollo 11, Pete Conrad (deceased)and Alan Bean- Apollo 12, Alan Shepard (deceased)and Ed Mitchell- Apollo 14, Dave Scott and Jim Irwin (deceased)- Apollo 15, John Young and Charlie Duke-Apollo 16, and finally Gene Cernan and Jack Schmitt- Apollo 17.
727779
Did man really walk on the Moon ??? \n      \n   \nWeb Krishna.org \n \n\n\nDid man really walk on the Moon or was it the ultimate camera trick, asks David Milne? The greater lunar lie. In the early hours of May 16, 1990, after a week spent watching old video footage of man on the Moon, a thought was turning into an obsession in the mind of Ralph Rene. David Milne (04-07-06)\n\n"How can the flag be fluttering," the 47 year old American kept asking himself, "when there's no wind on the atmosphere free Moon?" That moment was to be the beginning of an incredible Space odyssey for the self-taught engineer from New Jersey. He started investigating the Apollo Moon landings, scouring every NASA film, photo and report with a growing sense of wonder, until finally reaching an awesome conclusion: America had never put a man on the Moon. The giant leap for mankind was fake. \n\nIt is of course the conspiracy theory to end all conspiracy theories. But Rene has now put all his findings into a startling book entitled NASA Mooned America. Published by himself, it's being sold by mail order - and is a compelling read. \n\nThe story lifts off in 1961 with Russia firing Yuri Gagarin into space, leaving a panicked America trailing in the space race. \n\nAt an emergency meeting of Congress, President Kennedy proposed the ultimate face saver, put a man on the Moon. With an impassioned speech he secured the plan an unbelievable 40 billion dollars. And so, says Rene (and a growing number of astro-physicists are beginning to agree with him), the great Moon hoax was born. \n\nBetween 1969 and 1972, seven Apollo ships headed to the Moon. Six claim to have made it, with the ill fated Apollo 13--whose oxygen tanks apparently exploded halfway--being the only casualties. \n\nBut with the exception of the known rocks, which could have been easily mocked up in a lab, the photographs and film footage are the only proof that the Eagle ever landed. And Rene believes they're fake. For a start, he says, the TV footage was hopeless. The world tuned in to watch what looked like two blurred white ghosts gambol threw rocks and dust. Part of the reason for the low quality was that, strangely, NASA provided no direct link up. So networks actually had to film "man's greatest achievement" from a TV screen in Houston--a deliberate ploy, says Rene, so that nobody could properly examine it. \n\nBy contrast, the still photos were stunning. Yet that's just the problem. The astronauts took thousands of pictures, each one perfectly exposed and sharply focused. Not one was badly composed or even blurred. As Rene points out, that's not all: \n\nThe cameras had no white meters or view finders. So the astronauts achieved this feet without being able to see what they were doing. \nThere film stock was unaffected by the intense peaks and powerful cosmic radiation on the Moon, conditions that should have made it useless. \nThey managed to adjust their cameras, change film and swap filters in pressurized clubs. It should have been almost impossible to bend their fingers. . \nAward winning British photographer David Persey is convinced the pictures are fake. His astonishing findings are explained alongside the pictures on these pages, but the basic points are as follows: \n\nThe shadows could only have been created with multiple light sources and, in particular, powerful spotlights. But the only light source on the Moon was the sun. \nThe American flag and the words "United States" are always brightly lit, even when everything around is in shadow. \nNot one still picture matches the film footage, yet NASA claims both were shot at the same time. \nThe pictures are so perfect, each one would have taken a slick advertising agency hours to put them together. But the astronauts managed it repeatedly. \nDavid Persey believes the mistakes were deliberate, left there by "whistle blowers", who were keen for the truth to on
451361
i do not beleive any man has ever landed on the moon and there are telescopes powerful enough to see the landing site but even if pics of that came about they would be faked too there is a belt of radioactive gas between the moon and the earth witch no man in a spaceship could pass ecsept neil armstrong of corse yeah right wheva u believe or not it doesnt matter the moon is a useless rock
95333
Astronaut Eugene Cernan was the last man on the moon\n\nSorry - I misunderstood your question. Here's my revised answer....\n\nThe last US Astronaut to step on the moon was Harrison H. Schmitt.  He was the 12th and the last.
421082
Someone would believe that because the videos/films of the event are the kind that could have been faked.  Someone might not have been a direct eyewitness to the event.  Someone might believe in a gov't conspiracy to divert huge amounts of money to covert projects or pockets.  Someone might believe the moon is not actually a sphere or is in some fashion incapable of being landed on.  Someone might be from a country or society that does not like the United States and was told convincingly that it was a fake (There is no way to prove this wrong other than taking the skeptic to the moon and showing him the remains of the landers)
262978
c don't u think it's even to think a bi that the moon landings are faked\nhow can a country do that\ncommon one day another country will definitely land on the moon and they will definitely find out whether the Americans had actually landed on the moon \nOK if that's no enough proof OK i will give u more a strong proof\nwhat about all those instruments that were actually set up by the Americans in the moon\nwe still receive signals from those machines and they give us a lot of info about many thing that's happening in moon\n\nc this whole story was just something that Media brought about for there existence\nmany became famous from all this\nall this notion was brough about by those guys without even thinking a little bit\nand as for the waving flag\ncommon man the spacecraft was still working the air from it could have made it to wave to & fro\nare u satisfied
545080
I'm going to make the (probably correct) assumption that you're talking about the US manned missions to the moon. We have gone to the moon and people who think we haven't are just very paranoid and naive. People who attempt to convince others that we didn't rely on people's ignorance and mistrust of the US and it's government. What they mainly do is present a lot of situations that you and I can readily test here on Earth that is "proof" that we didn't go to the moon. The problem is that things don't exactly work the same way in a low-gravity, zero-atmosphere, moon. The usual arguments and their debunkings can be found at a lot of sites but i particularly like this one:\n\nhttp://www.badastronomy.com\n\nOne of my personal favorite reasons why it probably wasn't a hoax was becaues of the Soviet Union. The Soviets had satellites, lots of satellites. They also had lots of observatories and lots of spys in the US government. If it was a hoax, they would have easily caught us and had proof. The spacecraft would have had to orbit earth while the "hoax" played out and the Soviets would have easily caught it. \n\nBut theres no convincing some people.
608588
Yes, the moon landings were real. Some people still maintain that the Earth is flat - no one takes them seriously; no one should take the 'moon landing is a hoax' seriously either.\n\nFirst, we have material evidence: rocks from the moon, photographs taken from there, the word of thousands and thousands of people who worked on the project, etc. Even more damning, the astronauts left a prism mirror on the moon that anyone with a medium laser can target to see the laser reflected! And do you really think the Russians wouldn't have raised a stink if any of their, oh, dozen thousands physicists had found something dodgy? Or do you think they all failed to know about something like 'heat and air on the moon'?\n\nThen we have so much stuff in space now, like thousands of satellites, probes on Mars, and even outside the solar system, what is so unlikely about landing on the moon, which is incredibly close to us, astronomically speaking? It's only 3 days away!\n\nAll the arguments from conspiracy theorists have been easily rebuked; the three sites at the end give a good rundown. The most commons were:\n\n- There is a flag waving! there is no air on the moon! Hoax!\nHum. The flag is not moving, notice? It *looks* like it's in the middle of a wave, because it was built like that! The NASA, incredibly enough, figured out that there was no wind on the moon, and that a limp flag would be a tad disappointing, so simply attached the flag to perpendicular poles in that position. Try it in your garden, it will take 5 minutes.\n\n- The photos are too good! That's not possible!\nNo, they took hundreds of pictures, and you only see the good ones, just like any amateur photographer will tell you. \n\n- The footprint doesn't look at all like the one you leave in sand!\nThat's because the moon is not covered in sand... Sand is created by erosive forces grinding up rock, like the sea or plate tectonics. The moon has no erosive force, since it's dry and not volcanic. The dust there is rocks vaporised by meteoric impacts, which looks a lot like flour. Put a heap of flour on the ground and watch your footprint: very similar, no?\n\nSo, no, the government is not involved in *this* coverup :-)
68494
No. On the moon, you would "weigh" about 1/6 what you do on earth.  Although that's a much lower number, it's still not close enough to zero that you could escape the moon's gravitational pull simply by jumping.
324293
I wonder how many people out there are too lazy to do some real research and read the scientific facts proving that man has landed on and partially explored the Moon. Here's a good place to start: http://www.badastronomy.com/bad/tv/foxapollo.html  On this website each and every "fact" claiming that the Moon landings were all faked are ripped to shreds.\n\nMy favorite "fact" is about the 'waving' flag on the airless Moon. Doesn't take a rocket scientist to understand how the flag can be made to appear to be waving. Duh!\n\nNobody from the Faked Moon Landing bunch has ever answered my question about several hundred pounds of rock and soil brought back that research groups AROUND THE WORLD unanimously agreed was non-terrestrial.\n\nGod should be spelled B-I-G B-A-N-G\nPBrax@netscape.com
823638
Although my wife's father performed fuel calculations for the original Apollo landing, I'll spare you that speech. Instead, I will encourage you to watch two programs. The first show is called Conspiracy Moon Landing that it currently showing on the National Geographic Channel and it pretty much obliterates all of the popular conspiracy theories.\n\nI would also encourage you to watch a movie called Capricorn One. Made it 1978, it is a fictional story about a fake mission to Mars. Although it is a science fiction story, it is a good example of how utterly impossible it would be to fake a moon landing for any length of time.\n\n12 men walked on the moon from 1969 to 1972 and we have neither the resources nor the technology to pull off that big of a hoax for so long. Hundreds of thousands of people have worked on the space program. It would be far easier to put someone on the moon than to try and fake it and keep it secret for nearly 40 years. \n\nThe landings came at a time when our space program was ultra competitive with the former Soviet Union. Remember how big of a deal it was when Sputnik was put into orbit? They had the technology to monitor our moon shots and transmissions. Don't you think they would have called us out if they had evidence that it was all fake? \n\nPerhaps the most definitive proof of our trip to the moon is what we left behind. For the last 35+ years, scientists have been beaming lasers to the moon and measuring the return times. How are they doing this? The beams are reflected back by equipment left on the moon on at 3 different locations.\n\nCase closed.
428930
NASA plans to send astronauts to the moon by 2020.  NASA sent nine manned missions to the Moon between 1968 and 1972. A total of 12 men walked on the lunar surface.  If you ask me, I'm not sure if they have ever been up there to begin with.  They say it takes them so long now to get "back" because the project would cost over 100 Billion Dollars. The new missions would use rocket technology already employed on the space shuttle to cut the costs of development. Dr Griffin from NASA said the new rockets would be "very Apollo-like, with updated technology. Think of it as Apollo on steroids."
1099240
I admit I have been wondering the same thing myself--espicially after seeing a documentary posing doubts we landed on the moon.  The photographic evidence posed on the show did give me some thought, being I do have experience in professional photography.\n\nThe LEM photos: That thing purportedly landed on the moon, firing retro rockets with enough blast power to burn the moon surface under it to shiny black glass.....yet the area looks undistrubed!  All that violent firepower had to have raised moon dust all over the place.....yet look how shiny and dirt free the LEM landing pads looked.  Espically take note of NO moon dust collected inside the landing foot pods themselves.\n\nThe Apollo mission cameras were state of the art of their time, with perfectly etched "crosses" on the lenses to assist with picture composition.  I still see the astronaut photo where one of those crosses IS BLOCKED OUT by the guy's shoulder--where it should've been OVERLAPPED to appear onto his arm/shoulder!!\n\nThe sun light / angle theory gets complicated.....but it clearly made sense to me....and gave rise to suspicions.  \n\nThe video of a golf ball getting shot out into space was good PR, but take note how the fine moon dust stirred up by the lunar rover merely falls back to the surface....when it should fly off into the air.\n\nThen there's the Van Allen belt explanation: stuff we learned back in fifth grade: a deadly belt of radiation, stretching hundreds of miles between us and the Moon.  You'd have to travel in a ship with walls of at least five feet thick of lead to safely shoot through it....the Apollo space vehicle walls were....what....maybe two inches (if that) thick???  And our guys never cooked like chicken in a microwave???? The Van Allen belt emits enough deadly radiation to singe fry the Apollo capsule electronics in about 2 minutes and cook the astronauts in about another minute past that.  So how did our guys do it?\n\nThe Space Shuttle: purportedly capable of travel to the Moon and back....yet it's NEVER been done.  Why? The thing can carry enough fuel, food / supplies and other life support for such safe travel.  In fact, it was one of the Shuttle program objectives...that got put on the back burner....and not likely due to "budget" or "safety" concerns.\n\nHowever, all this "evidence" is of conjecture; you have to be your own judge on if we faked the Moon landings, until we get a deathbed confession by one of the surviving astronauts to confirm we DID fake the landings.  Until then, it makes for great coffee-cafe debate amongst good friends.
1094064
The reality behind the first step of a human being on the moon is absolutely mind blowing and incredibly hard to imagine. It is so difficult to imagine for some people that they become conspiracy theorists... Having had the good fortune to speak with a US astronaut in person, I would have to say that this is a reality that is explained best by experience than by words or pictures.