i want to know the concept of shells,shell scripts,different typesof shells.i am a beginner of unix.pls help.?
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I am no expert, but for some reason feel compelled to answer.  Basically shells are just command interpreters.  They provide a means to the user to interface with the kernal and hardware it supports.\n\nShell scripts can be thought of as batch scripts.  You can check conditions, set enviroment variables, execute other programs...etc.  The kind of script you want to execute is determined by the first line of your script.  Usually a shell script starts off with a remark line that points to the interpreter (shell) you want to use.  For example:\n#!/bin/bash\nor \n#!/usr/bin/ksh\nWhat follows would be different in each case since syntax varies with each shell.\n\nDifferent types of shells... yikes!  There are many.  What flavor of *nix are you running?  Linux?  AIX?  BSD?  Solaris?  Bash (Born again shell) is my favorite.  Very versitile and easy to use.  There are all kinds of variations.  bsh (Borne shell), ksh(Korn shell), sh, csh (C shell), tclsh, expect, python...  To name a few.\n\nCourse this is basic info that any text book or online manual would list.  Not sure how specific to get without writing a few gospells on each.
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I think you should click on this link http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/concepts
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You might want to start exploring what an old VAX or BASIC or UNIX interface looked like. You had simple terminal emulation where you typed in specific codes to get things to happen. Now look at what you see on your screen. Big difference. \n\nDo a google search for interface history and you will find a lot of your answers.
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Hi,\n\nWell I guess you know what Samba is considering you want to use it ;)\n\nI'm not a Unix or Linux user any more, however the link below in sources is something I found useful when finding out about it. There's info on what it is, using it, installing it etc...\n\nHTH
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UNIX and LINUX are operating systems the same as Windows, MAC and DOS.  UNIX is usually reserved for PA-RISC or ITANIUM processors in high end servers.  LINUX is an open source version of UNIX.
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AIX was IBM's flavor of UNIX.  It used to mean Advanced Ibm uniX. \n\n1) From IBM's own wiki on AIX\n\n"AIX is based on standard System V. Most Systems Administrators tend to "fall in love" with the first UNIX version they get to know. They assume all other UNIX or Linux versions are odd, quirky, plain wrong, or bad. But this is not really the case and once you are on to your third or fourth UNIX version you see the common ground between versions is large, each version has its own strengths. and that the prime area of differences is the system admin tools." http://www-941.ibm.com/collaboration/wiki/display/WikiPtype/Home\n\n2) Wikipedia\n\n"AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive) is a proprietary operating system developed by IBM based on UNIX System V. Before the product was ever marketed, the acronym AIX originally stood for Advanced IBM UNIX." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIX_operating_system
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There are lots of various scripts in Internet.\nIf PHP is good for you. try the following links, just two of thousands:
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The sun Java tutorials are what you need - they are in my opinion the bset way to learn the basics all Java topics:\nhttp://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/
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Unix is not one single operating system, but rather a family of similar ones.\n\nThere are three (in my opinion) main groups of Unix-based and Unix-like operating systems:\n\n1. Enterprise-level commercial Unix operating systems\n2. Linux and BSD, free Unix-like operating systems\n3. Mac OS X, a BSD-based operating system from Apple\n\nI'll try to compare each group with Windows XP.  If you want more details, please be more specific with your question.\n\n1. These are traditionally very expensive operating systems that are very stable and secure, but they're geared more towards businesses than consumers/home users.\n\n2. Linux is a free and open-source project that aims to provide Unix-like functionality and security to the general public.  Like Unix, Linux is not one operating system but a family of similar "distributions" that share a common central core (called the "kernel").  There are differences between the distributions, but taken as a whole, the following can be probably be said about Linux versus Windows XP:\n\n* Linux is, basically, an attempt to bring a Unix-like operating system to the masses.  It combines the power and security of Unix with the extensibility and price attractiveness of open-source software.\n\n* A default Linux installation with the latest patches is more secure than a default Windows installation with the latest patches.  Both systems can be made relatively secure with proper administration and usage techniques, but Linux is less vulnerable to worms, viruses, spyware, etc. "out of the box".  It is not entirely clear whether this situation is due to inherent security advantages of Linux or due to Windows's overwhelming popularity as a target for malware writers; likely, it's a combination of both.\n\n* The majority of software for Linux is both open-source and free of charge.  Most Linux distributions come with a huge variety of free software and additional ones can be easily downloaded from the Web.  A relatively complete suite of personal desktop applications (including web browser, email client, office programs and more) for Linux can be downloaded for free and installed in a few hours' time, whereas an equivalent setup for Windows would usually cost several hundred dollars in licensing fees.\n\n* Linux comes with a lot of powerful software.  It has, for example, an extremely powerful command-line interface that puts Windows XP's DOS box to shame.  However, except for the most basic computing tasks, Linux can be very difficult to use and especially to troubleshoot.\n\n* Consumer computer hardware is usually designed and tested for Windows.  Linux support is less common and rarely guaranteed; Linux relies on its community supporters to provide hardware support.  Generally speaking, Linux has worse support for modern hardware than Windows.  Some distributions, however, may work better with older, "legacy" hardware.\n\n3. Mac OS X is Apple's attempt to combine the power and security of Unix with the ease-of-use of the Macintosh operating system.  Compared to Windows XP, the following can be said:\n\n* OS X is just as easy, if not easier, to use than Windows XP.  However, as with any unfamiliar product, there may be a slight learning curve for long-time Windows users.\n\n* OS X, like Linux, is relatively free of the virus and adware problems that often plague Windows PCs.\n\n* OS X has fewer hardware issues than Linux or Windows, as long as you stick with products that are either made by Apple or designed for the Mac.\n\n* Macs and OS X software in general can be very expensive and not as widely available.\n\n* OS X does a very good job of hiding the underlying Unix system from its users.  It provides an user-friendly "front" to its complicated innards, resulting in a system that, for the most part, "just works".  However, the power of the Unix system and command line is still there for users who want to access
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What a great question!\n\nYou know, I used to write batch files for everything under the sun back in the old DOS 6 / Windows 3.11 days, but somehow got away form doing so as Windows evolved -- I wasn't even sure it still supported batch files!  But a little digging turns up the fact that yes it does.  It appears that what you are after is a "script file" (which seems to do within Windows what the Batch files do within DOS), though I'm not yet sure if that denotes a truly different type of file or if it is just a different name for the same thing.\n\nAnyway, here are a few interesting looking links I found:\nhttp://www.student.oulu.fi/~vtatila/batch_tutorial.html\nhttp://labmice.techtarget.com/scripting/default.htm\nhttp://www.onesmartclick.com/programming/batch-files.html\n\nSorry I couln't be more help than that, but hopefully it gets you started in the right direction.  Thanks for asking the question, it gave me something new to go learn about!
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I believe you're trying to do some kind of piping with Unix script commands... It's been ages since I've done it myself, but I'm sure you'll find plenty of documented sources on the Net. You can also try and install one of those free Linux distributions to test the script.
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The idea of a "login" script is available in many different environments.  Are you talking unix?  Netware?\n\nAssuming you mean unix, there are scripts available both at the default and individual user level that can perform environment setup actions when you first login.  The names for these files depends slightly on the shell, and unix distro.  \n\nTypically people use them to set up preferences for editors, set environment variables they might need for client applications, and possibly set the path to certain tools that otherwise wouldn't be available globally.
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You can get online tutorials. A great one is HTML Goodies. It explains in modules each concept with concrete examples.
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My recommendation is the following:\n1. First download the latest Fedora Core and install it in your machine.\n2. Buy the Redhat enterprise Linux and Fedora core 4: The complete Reference http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0072261544/103-3851585-2599046?v=glance&n=283155\n3. Buy a book on basic Korn Shell scripting\n4. Try to wrrite some korn shell scripts..\n5. Try to learn the vi editor\n6. If you try reading Linux forum then you will understand a lot
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I'm not sure what you mean by layout, but for command-line interfaces (CLI), you should look at the man pages of Linux programs.\n\nType: man program (e.g., man grep)\n\nThis will give you an idea of what type of types of flags people are accustomed to (e.g., -r for recursive if your program does directory/file operations).\n\nAs for how this relates to HCI, well it's primarly an ease-of-use issue that you should consider. For command-line programs, the only consideration is to adopt tried-and-true flag-naming etc... because people are used to a certain convention or set of semantics (e.g., outputting to stdout so they can redirect the output to other programs). If you change things like that, it makes the learning curve steeper for intermediate/advanced users.\n\nIf you were just talking about a command-line interface like a console terminal, then definitely things such as: text autocompletion (via Tab), or defining your own autocompletion drop-down box as you type would be very useful for the user -- very much like when you type an address in your browser, it brings up a list of websites you've been to as you type. Again, that's going back to implementing what people are accustomed to and just making the entering of commands less time consuming/tedious.\n\nHope that helps.
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Apache http://www.apache.org\n\nBut I wouldn't recommend using either one of those environments for a server. Go for Linux or Unix-based server.
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CA has an Easytrieve version for Unix, but it's not going to run on a Mac or other small machines.  Besides, the technology is more designed for a larger installation where file definitions are done once and many different users are writing reports.