2 intrusive rocks containing pyroxene and Olivine?
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I looked at your questions and it looks like you are trying to get someone to do all of your homework.  I am not going to answer for that reason.  I have a PhD in geology.  You don't learn by cheating.
840305
The plate which is being subducted under the other plate carries down volatiles with it (carbon dioxide, water etc from in the clay and sediments and rocks and stuff) - and these volatiles allow melting to occur in the mantle at a lower temperature than it would ordinarily do. Some of this melt (magma) may then rise up through the overlying crust (so on the overriding plate, not the one which is being pushed under) and erupt out at the surface as lava... so forming volcanoes.
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Attached source has an array of information:\n\nA xenocryst is an individual foreign crystal included within an igneous body. Examples of xenocrysts are quartz crystals in a silica deficient lava and diamonds within kimberlite diatremes.\n\nAlthough xenolith is most commonly associated with igneous inclusions, a broad definition could include rock fragments which have become encased in sedimentary rock. Xenoliths are sometimes found in recovered meteorites.\n\n \nA xenolith in Larchmont, New YorkTo be considered a true xenolith, the included rock must be identifiably different from the rock in which it is enveloped; an included rock of similar type is called an autolith.\n\nXenoliths and xenocrysts provide important information about the composition of the otherwise innacessible mantle. Basalts, kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres which have their source in the upper mantle often contain fragments and crystals assumed to be a part of the originating mantle mineralogy.
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Porphyry & Basalt are both igneous.\n\nPorphyry is an intrusive igneous rock w/ different crystal sizes.\n\nPorphrytic is a texture term that is often used to describe certain types of igneous rocks having two distinct crystal sizes. The large crystals inside the rock are called phenocrysts. Porphyrtic granite is an example. I tell students that it reminds me of a chocolate chip cookie w/ the large crystals representing the chocolate chips. That usually helps them to get it.\n\nBasalt is an extrusive igneous rock composed mainly of darker minerals such as magnesium.\n\nLimestone is a sedimentary rock as is shale.
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the earth consist of 3 layers\n\n1) crust(lithosphere)\n2)mantle\n3)core (outer core n inner core)\n\na) core(innermost) is made up of FE-NI ALLOY\n     \n     inner core is solid and 650km depth\n\n     outer core is liqiuid & 2100 in depth\n\n\n b)mantle is about 2900 km thick\n\n\nc) crust thickness varies frm 10-50 km...it is made up  of  three types of rock
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Basically one of three ways. These are extrusion, intrusion, and accretion. \n\nExtrusion is the process of volcanism. Volcanoes erupt molten rock that may have originated as subducted oceanic crust or deeper rock. This magma adds huge volumes of rock to the crust as it erupts and cools into solid rock. \n\nIntrusion is a similar process, but no eruption takes place. Large bodies of molten rock float upward over long time periods through the crust. When these cool and harden they are called plutons or batholiths (depending on size-batholiths are larger). These form large parts of the crust.\n\nAccretion is the other method. In some instances plate tectonics can force oceanic plates up and over continental plates. These often form what are called ophiolites where we can examine oceanic crust on dry land. Large parts of continents or islands are often forced against continental plates. This can force sediments and oceanic crust upward creating what are called 'accretionary terrane'. Much of California is an accretionary terrane, built of islands in a fore arc subduction zone that were forced up against a paleocoastline that once was near the eastern border of present day California. \n\nHere two other explanations similar to my own that illustrate these processes:\nhttp://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10j.html\nhttp://earth.leeds.ac.uk/assyntgeology/extra_info/ehistory.htm
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iron-nickel - from cores of asteroids \nsilicate rock - from surfaces of asteroids \ncarbon - with complex organic molecules like amino acids
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Here is a chart of various estimates of the mantle's composition that have been made:\nhttp://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~jesnow/Ozeanboden/2004/Lecture4/Composition.html\n\nThe answer in terms of minerals is (I quote) "The uppermost mantle is comprised of a peridotite with about 60% olivine 30% enstatite 6% clinopyroxene, 2% plagioclase and 2% spinel. At slightly greater depth, the plagioclase disappears and is replaced by spinel and clinopyroxene. Deeper still, garnet appears." from the above site. \n\nThe other thing you should realize is that while the earth's mantle may be 'plastic' it is not molten. From Wikipedia: "Although these temperatures far exceed the melting points of the mantle rocks at the surface, particularly in deeper ranges, they are almost exclusively solid. The enormous lithostatic pressure exerted on the mantle prevents them from melting."  From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_%28geology%29\n\nMagma coming from volcanoes actually originates in the asthenosphere, which is above the mantle.
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1.  Volcanic rock consisting of large fragments fused together\n2.  A collection of objects laid on top of each other
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xenolith\n\nA piece of foriegn rock enclosed within an igneous rock. The foriegn rock is usually picked up from the walls surrounding the igneous rock and is frozen in place before it has a chance to melt. (=inclusion)
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Some rocks contain iron. When exposed to water it will oxidize & become iron oxide.\n\nSome sedimentary rocks are cemented together w/ rusty orange substance which is iron oxide.\n\nI know, I just handled some of it today in class. It got all over my hands.\n\n;)
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First it's igneous rock-weathering/erosion-sediment-pressure and cementation-sedimentary rock-heat and pressure-Metamorphic rock-melting magma cool to be igneous rock
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Well, in things like pegmitites, late stage crystalized rocks, you can have very high amounts of incompatable elements, like Li, Au, Ag, B, Zr, and many more.  That's why you get minerals like beryl, lepidolite, tourmaline, etc.
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Most igneous rock is formed deep in the earth where it is very hot.  Igneous means fire, similar to ignition which fires a spark plug in an engine.  Igneous rock may be formed at or near the surface of the earth when volcanoes erupt and lava flows.  The rock closest to the lava heats up most and becomes more igneous than rock further and further away.  There is usually a clear change in coloration of the affected rock because its crystal minerals are altered by the heat.  Lava can flow following existing cracks in rocks and partially transform the adjacent rock to igneous foorms as it cools.
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In igneous rock, the five most common would be:\n1) feldspar\n2) quartz\n3) mica\n4) iron\n5) "dark minerals" such as hornblende, pyroxene and biotite
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Yes.\n\nOrthoclase feldspar is an example.  At high temperatures, Fe will fit into the orthoclase lattice.  As temperature drops, the lattice shrinks so that Fe no longer fits.  Fe diffuses out of the latice and accumulates along the planes between orthoclase crystal twins.  Along the way, it grabs O to produce Fe2O3.  If you look closely at pink granite, usually you will see that the pink grains are actually white and red striped.  Those grains are orthoclase crystals with exsolved hematite along twin planes.\n\nExsolution and diffusion of Fe from orthoclase can only occur at high temperature.  If the orthoclase cools too quickly for the Fe to diffuse out, it will remain in the orthoclase lattice, which will be distorted to accomodate the larger (larger than K) Fe ion.\n\nMaterial science is not boring.
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woohoo geology... lets see if I remember anything...\n\nOkay here is a basic thing, the composition of rocks, especially it's silicate level, can tell us much about the molten/semimolten layers of Earth.... Okay I was enver very good in this subject, so look here...\nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology