can i get an answer as to how to interpret the graqphs and numbers for a bone density test also known as dexa?
413684
This is an excellent site for explaining the results of a DEXA scan.\n\nhttp://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/opbmd.html
136755
CT would be a more useful modality than DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorbitometry) scanning in this instance - the resolution of a DEXA scan is nowhere near large enough to adequately image a hen's bones.  The software package for BMD scanning is an add-on provided by Philips, so best get in contact with them.
248508
Check out these websites for your answers:\n\nhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dd/ddmr.htm\nhttp://www.cloudnet.com/~edrbsass/mrcharacteristics.htm\nhttp://www.aafp.org/afp/20000215/1059.html\nhttp://www.mydna.com
242415
They are fairly accurate for macronutrients.  They won't necessarily list all the micronutrients, however.  If it says 0g fat, you should read the label because they are allowed to round down fat grams and there could still be oil.  \n\nBallpark figures should be sufficient for calorie tracking however, you really should be eating within a range of calories each day not a specific number, since even the calories in say, an apple are determined by taking the average of many apples and your apple might have a few more or a few less calories than that average.
1016233
the equation used to determine density is\nD=m/v \n"D" means density\n"m" is mass\nand "v" is volume of the object.\nmass is the total amount of paritcles something has.  Think of the old trick question: Which weighs more a pound of feathers or a pound of lead.  The answer is they *weigh* the same.  However, now think about how much lead you would need for a pound of it and how many feathers.  Little lead, lots of feathers.  Basically the more matter in a smaller space means higher density.  I really hope this helps.\n\n\nJust thought of another example:\n\nTake 50 pennies.  Put them in a big ziploc freezer bag, press out all the air and zip it shut.  Now, take another 50 pennies and put them in a penny roll--like you see at the bank.  Same amount of matter, 50 pennies.  But they are less densley packed in the bag because the volume of the bag is bigger than the volume of the roll.
1133778
http://online.unitconverterpro.com/metric-conversion-tables/convert-alpha/density.html
1057320
I know exactly what you're talking about. \n\nYou know you aren't feeling right. You just KNOW it's probably your thyroid, because according to all the literature, and everyone you talk to, your symptoms and the way you just "feel" match a diagnosis of thyroid deficiency perfectly. \n\nBUT... you go into your doc's office, he draws blood. You ask him to be sure to check both T3 and T4. Reluctantly he says okay, acting like the patient shouldn't be making suggestions like that. So the results come back, and what a surprise, they are within "normal limits." Am I right? \n\nSo, here's what worked for me. First, I came upon this website for Dr. Wilson's Temperature Syndrome. This is a naturopath, I think, who presents compelling evidence that people with otherwise normal thyroid blood results, but who have lower than normal body temperature, can be helped with his particular thyroid therapy. It's the real deal, and it works. \n\nI went to my doctor, told her the situation, explained why I thought I might be a candidate for this therapy, and she went ahead and gave me cytomel. It is a pre-thyroid hormone, or something like that. Look it up to be sure I'm not giving you incorrect information about the cytomel. Anyhoo, it has worked wonders for me. \n\nMy symptoms (and on the Wilson website you'll be surprised how many of them there are!), have almost completely subsided. We started at 50 micrograms (mcg), and I am at 150 mcg right now, and expect that's where I'll stay. \n\nShe told me that the main possible side effect is osteoporosis from the cytomel. However, I am going to have the bone density scans done as time goes by. I'm being careful about the calcium content of my diet, and I do weight bearing exercise to try and keep my bones pointing in the right direction. \n\nCheck out the Wilson's Temperature Syndrome website, and see what you find out. If your doctor says no, try a different doctor. \n\nI am very lucky with mine, in that she recently graduated and is still loving her profession. She is also open to new possibilities and new ideas. Try a young doctor if your current one isn't doing it for you. \n\nGood luck, and keep pushing for this. It just might work for you, and if it does, you'll wonder where the real you has been hiding! Your body should have the proper hormones to feel and function right! \n\nIncidently, my symptoms included extreme fatigue, uncaring or unwilling to move through the day, constipation, body aches, being cold or chilly a lot, feeling kind of "foggy", losing words when I was talking... I KNEW the word I wanted to say, but couldn't recall what it was... things like that. Once I was driving and all of a sudden just panicked because I thought I was going the wrong way on a 1 way road. Totally not the way it was, but I was confused and frightened. Only happened once, but it felt like just a severe mental fog setting in briefly. Nothing even similar to that has happened since I started on the cytomel. All the symptoms have lifted, and the lack of fogginess and having some energy (not an abnormal amount, just a NORMAL amount), feels great! \n\nHang in there, and keep trying. Check out cytomel on the net and learn about it so that when you talk with your doctor, you will be informed and ready to champion your cause. It's your body, make sure that whatever doctor you have knows that is how you feel!
919728
Sounds to me like a doctor has been trying to scare you.   Your numbers are fine.   It makes me crazy to see people worried about varying between 80-130.   This tells me that SOMEone has been spooking them about diabetes.   Yes, diabetes is a big problem in our country, but it's also big business.   The profits involved in the testing devices and medication is tremendous.    Some companies will give you a free tester because you will then use their products (via prescription) for the rest of your life, and may not need them.\n\nTrue diabetics have blood sugars like mine, 400s up, or like my cousins, which go from 30 - 400 in one day.   It is irritating as heck to hear people fretting about their blood sugar going up to 130  (usually after eating a chocolate cake).    A doctor or someone is telling them they are potential diabetics, instead of guiding them toward more healthy eating habits.    I have seen this too often lately, and hope people will be responsible and get a second opinion before getting treatment for a disease they don't have.   \n\nGood luck to you!!!!
926058
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/class/phscilab/dens.html\n\ntry this site
420217
Osteopenia refers to bone mineral density (BMD) that is lower than normal peak BMD but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis. Bone mineral density is a measurement of the level of minerals in the bones, which indicates how dense and strong they are. If your BMD is low compared to normal peak BMD, you are said to have osteopenia. Having osteopenia means there is a greater risk that, as time passes, you may develop BMD that is very low compared to normal, known as osteoporosis.\n\nSome people who have osteopenia may not have bone loss; they may just naturally have a lower bone density. Osteopenia may also be the result of a wide variety of other conditions, disease processes, or treatments. Women are far more likely to develop osteopenia and osteoporosis than men. This is because women have a lower peak BMD and because the loss of bone mass speeds up as hormonal changes take place at the time of menopause. In both men and women, the following factors can all contribute to osteopenia: \n\nEating disorders or metabolism problems that do not allow the body to take in and use enough vitamins and minerals \nChemotherapy, or medications such as steroids used to treat a number of conditions, including asthma \nExposure to radiation \nHaving a family history of osteoporosis, being thin, being white or Asian, getting limited physical activity, smoking, regularly drinking cola drinks, and drinking excessive amounts of alcohol also increase the risk of osteopenia and, eventually, osteoporosis.\nWhether you will tend to develop osteopenia is, in part, already determined. Things like whether you have any family members who have had osteoporosis or osteopenia, whether you have chronic asthma that requires you to take steroids, and how much calcium and vitamin D you got while you were growing up are beyond your control now. However, if you are a young adult or if you are raising children, there are things you can do to help develop strong bones and help slow down osteopenia and prevent osteoporosis.\n\nYour bones don't reach their greatest density until you are about 30 years old, so for children and people younger than 30, anything that helps increase bone density will have long-term benefits. To maximize bone density, make sure you get plenty of calcium and vitamin D through your diet and by spending a little time in the sun, get weight-bearing exercise on a regular basis, don't smoke, and avoid excessive alcohol or cola drinks. If you have children, teach them to make a nutritious diet and exercise part of their normal routine, make sure they play a little in the sunshine to help their bodies make more vitamin D, and help them avoid smoking and alcohol as they get older.\n\nIf you're older than 30, it's still not too late to make these lifestyle changes. A balanced diet and regular exercise will help slow the loss of bone density, delay osteopenia, and delay or prevent osteoporosis.
328531
You can have your fat percentage calculated at nearly any gym.  They will use calipers on several areas of your body and take an average.  Hydrostatic testing (aka the watertank) method can be more accurate if done properly by measuring the amount of water you displace when you're put in the tank.  Big boned is a misnomer.  What you can check is if you're big framed.  Measure the wrist of your non-dominant hand.  IIRC (I had this done about 35 years ago) for women anything over 8" denotes a large frame, 5"-8" is medium and less than 5" is considered small.
230013
The dark areas mean that the bone is not dense enough to stop the x-rays from passing through. Osteopenia or simply reduced bone. Hope that helps
243899
You need to discuss this with your doctor.  Bone marrow cellularity is based on the percentage deviation from age-matched controls of normal marrow elements.  So, there are no charts with normal levels.  The info will come along with the results from the lab directly to your doctor.  Sorry, I couldn't be of more help.
471269
this antibody detects an ~67 kDa protein corresponding to the expected molecular mass of estrogen receptor (ER) on SDS-PAGE immunoblots. This antibody recognizes native estrogen receptor in the activated 4S or inactive 8S oligomeric state, with or without ligand binding. The antibody also recognizes a smaller molecular weight protein (~55 kDa) believed to be the major proteolytic fragment of the estrogen receptor alpha protein\n\nhard question even harder answer good luck!
117941
Go to the Quest Diagnostics site, and type in Bun.\nhttp://www.questdiagnostics.com/kbase/topic/medtest/hw4322/results.htm
101297
A blood test for phosphate measures this electrolyte that is needed for bone growth, energy, fighting infection, and proper muscle function. Most of the body's phosphate (about 85%) is found in bones. The rest of it is stored in tissues throughout the body.\nPhosphate and calcium levels are regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH). The amount of phosphate in the blood affects the level of calcium in the blood. For this reason, phosphate and calcium levels are usually measured at the same time.\n\nThe kidneys help control the amount of phosphate in the blood. If there is too much phosphate, the kidneys excrete the excess in the urine; if there is not enough phosphate, the kidneys reduce the amount excreted in the urine. An abnormally high level of phosphate in the blood is usually caused by a kidney problem that prevents the excess from being excreted into the urine.\n\nPhosphorus, which converts to phosphate in the body, is found in foods such as cereal, dairy products (such as milk and cheese), eggs, and meat. Adequate amounts of vitamin D are needed to help the body absorb phosphate and calcium.\n\nGreater-than-normal values MAY mean.....\nHigh phosphate levels may indicate kidney disease, underactive parathyroid glands (hypoparathyroidism), acromegaly, rhabdomyolysis, healing fractures, untreated diabetic ketoacidosis, or certain bone diseases. \nHigh phosphate levels may indicate excessive levels of vitamin D. \nHigh phosphate levels may occur with a decrease in magnesium levels. \nPhosphate levels increase during the last trimester of pregnancy. \nAbnormally high levels of phosphate in the blood usually do not cause any serious problems unless the condition continues for a long time. Phosphate levels that remain high can cause abnormal deposits of calcium and phosphate in the skin, blood vessels, and other tisssue.\n\nFactors that can interfere with your test and the accuracy of the results include:\n\nDrinking alcohol before the test. \nMedications that can increase phosphate levels. These include androgen hormones (such as fluoxymesterone and methyltestosterone), anabolic steroids (such as Hybolin Decanoate, Deca-Durabolin, Durabolin, Anadrol, Kabolin, Oxandrin, or Winstrol), and enemas that contain phosphate. \nExcessive intake of vitamin D. \nMedications that can decrease phosphate levels. These include some antacids, insulin, acetazolamide, and epinephrine. A large infusion of sugar (glucose) that causes insulin levels to increase can also decrease phosphate levels. \nHaving a rare disease in which the kidneys produce abnormally large amounts of urine (diabetes insipidus).
707356
Osteoporosis is a disease of bone in which the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. Osteoporotic bones are more susceptible to fracture. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as either a bone mineral density 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass (20-year-old sex-matched healthy person average) as measured by DXA, or any fragility fracture. While treatment modalities are becoming available (such as the bisphosphonates), prevention is still considered the most important way to reduce fracture. Due to its hormonal component, more women, particularly after menopause, suffer from osteoporosis than men. In addition it may be caused by various hormonal conditions, smoking and medications (specifically glucocorticoids).\n\nclick here:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoporosis#Signs_and_symptoms